internalTaxonId,scientificName,kingdomName,phylumName,className,orderName,familyName,genusName,speciesName,infraType,infraName,infraAuthority,subpopulationName,authority,taxonomicNotes 10030,Hexanchus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HEXANCHIFORMES,HEXANCHIDAE,Hexanchus,griseus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 10041,Heosemys annandalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Heosemys,annandalii,,,,,"(Boulenger in Annandale & Robinson, 1903)",Appeared on IUCN Red Lists prior to 2007 under the generic name Hieremys. 132523146,Hubbsina turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Hubbsina,turneri,,,,,"(de Buen, 1940)","Fernando de Buén described Hubbsina turneri after specimens he collected in August 1940 in the Presa Cointzio, Río Grande de Morelia drainage. In 1983, Uyeno et al. published studies on the Karyotypes of Goodeids and A. Radda attached importance to these results, According to identical Karyotypes, he transfered 1984 this species into the genus Girardinichthys. Though phylogenetic results since the early 2000's (Doadrio and Domínguez, 2004) supported the individuality of the genus Hubbsina, Radda held onto his system, in 2004 raising the stock from the Lago Zacapú to species rank describing it as Girardinichthys ireneae. This stock is now regarded as subpopulation of Hubbsina turneri. According to its affiliation to three drainages, three subpopulations are distinguished: The Río Grande de Morelia subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Laguna Yuriría subpopulation and the Río Angulo subpopulation. The first two subpopulations are regarded Extinct. This species is here considered valid in the genus Hubbsina de Buen, 1940 following Ramírez-Herrejón et al. (2010). This differs from Eschmeyer et al. (2018) which consider it meanwhile valid in the genus Girardinichthys Bleeker, 1860." 10267,Hungerfordia pelewensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Hungerfordia,pelewensis,,,,,"Beddome, 1889", 10767,Ictalurus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ictalurus,australis,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 10769,Ictalurus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ictalurus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 1078,Ambloplites cavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Ambloplites,cavifrons,,,,,"Cope, 1868", 10803,Iguanognathus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Iguanognathus,werneri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898",Known from the type specimen only. 132521900,Ilyodon whitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Ilyodon,whitei,,,,,(Meek 1904),"The types of this species were collected by E.W. Nelson from a tributary to the Río Balsas near Yautepec, state of Morelos, at the beginning of the last century and described by Meek as Goodea whitei in 1904. C. Hubbs transfered the species into the genus Balsadichthys, finally Miller and Fitzsimons (1971) into the genus Ilyodon. In 1983, Meyer and Förster described Ilyodon lennoni from the Río Chacembero, and in 2000 Paulo-Maya and Trujillo-Jiménez Ilyodon cortesae from the Río Tacambaro. Here we consider Ilyodon lennoni and Ilyodon cortesae synonyms of Ilyodon whitei following Beltrán-López et al. (2017). According to this paper, five subpopulations can be inferred: The Río Amacuzac subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Atoyac subpopulation, the Upper Río Cutzmala subpopulation, the Upper Río Coahuayana subpopulation and the Western Río Balsas subpopulation." 10825,Indotestudo forstenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Indotestudo,forstenii,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1845)", 10950,Pangshura sylhetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Pangshura,sylhetensis,,,,,"Jerdon, 1870","

Traditionally placed in the genus Kachuga, it was assigned to the subgenus Pangshura by Moll (1987); Pangshura was elevated to genus level by Das (2001). 

" 11058,Kubaryia pilikia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Kubaryia,pilikia,,,,,"Clench, 1948", 11150,Lagocephalus gloveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,gloveri,,,,,"Abe & Tabeta, 1983","Puffers of the genus Lagocephalus are globally distributed in warm shallow waters, however classification at the species level in Lagocephalus has not yet been studied in depth, causing confusion in the status of several species including L. cheesemanii, L. gloveri, L. spadiceus, and L. wheeleri (Matsuura et al. 2011). " 1117,Ameca splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Ameca,splendens,,,,,"Gartner, 1981","The male Holotype of this species was collected together with the female Allotype and 198 Paratopotypes by Robert R. Miller and James T. Greenbank in March 1955 from the Río Teuchitlán, near the road between HW 70 and Etzatlán. Nine Paratypes were collected by Arthur A. Alcorn from a tributary to the Presa La Vega in February 1949 about 2km ESE of Teuchitlán and ten more by James A. Peters and William B. McIntosh in April of the same year from the Río Ameca about 12km E of the town of Ameca. In recent years (2006), the species has been additionally reported from the Balneario Almoloya, endorheic Laguna Magdalena basin, and the El Molino pond near Cuyacapán, endorheic Laguna de Sayula basin. Affiliated to three distinct drainages, three subpopulations can be inferred. The Río Ameca subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Laguna Magdalena subpopulation and the Laguna de Sayula subpopulation. The last one disappeared from the wild a few years after it had been discovered and is regarded Extinct." 11200,Lamna nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,LAMNIDAE,Lamna,nasus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 11242,Lampsilis rafinesqueana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,rafinesqueana,,,,,"Frierson, 1927", 11249,Lampsilis abrupta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,abrupta,,,,,"(Say, 1831)", 11250,Hamiota altilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hamiota,altilis,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 11256,Obovaria haddletoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obovaria,haddletoni,,,,,"(Athearn, 1964)","This species is very similar in appearance to the sympatric Villosa choctawensis Athearn, 1964, so that the taxonomic status of this species requires verification (NatureServe 2010)." 11257,Lampsilis ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,ornata,,,,,"(Conrad, 1835)", 11263,Lampsilis splendida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,splendida,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)", 11361,Lasmigona subviridis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lasmigona,subviridis,,,,,"Conrad, 1835", 11479,Lemiox rimosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lemiox,rimosus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1831)", 11481,Lemmus lemmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lemmus,lemmus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 11686,Leptodea ochracea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Leptodea,ochracea,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 11785,Leptoxis taeniata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,taeniata,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 11797,Lepus castroviejoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,castroviejoi,,,,,"Palacios, 1977","Lepus castroviejoi was described relatively recently, being separated from L. granatensis, a split supported by genetic evidence. While the range of L. castroviejoi partially overlaps that of L. granatensis and L. europaeus on the Iberian Peninsula, no hybridization has been detected with these forms. Recent studies have shown that instead, based on ecological, molecular and morphological characteristics, it is most closely related to L. corsicanus; some believe these two are conspecific (Alves et al. 2008, Acevedo et al. 2014, Ballesteros 2018). Additionally, two different occurrences of introgression of mtDNA from L. timidus into L. castroviejoi have been documented – indicating that these two forms have come into contact and hybridized two different times in the past, most recently during the last deglaciation (Melo-Ferreira et al. 2005, 2012; Ballesteros 2018). No subspecies or geographic variation in L. castroviejoi have been described (Flux and Angermann 1990, Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Ballesteros 2018)." 11922,Pleuronaia dolabelloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleuronaia,dolabelloides,,,,,"(Lea, 1840)", 12124,Lissemys scutata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Lissemys,scutata,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 12137,Lithognathus lithognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Lithognathus,lithognathus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 12395,Lucania interioris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Lucania,interioris,,,,,"Hubbs & Miller, 1965", 12417,Lutjanus cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,cyanopterus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 12695,Malaclemys terrapin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Malaclemys,terrapin,,,,,"(Schoepff, 1793)","Seven subspecies are generally accepted (TTWG 2017):

Malaclemys terrapin terrapin (Schoepff, 1793) - Northern Diamondback Terrapin
Malaclemys terrapin centrata (Latreille in Sonnini and Latreille, 1801) - Carolina Diamondback Terrapin
Malaclemys terrapin littoralis Hay, 1905 - Texas Diamondback Terrapin
Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota Hay, 1905 - Ornate Diamondback Terrapin
Malaclemys terrapin pileata (Wied, 1865) - Mississippi Diamondback Terrapin
Malaclemys terrapin rhizophorarum Fowler, 1906 - Mangrove Diamondback Terrapin
Malaclemys terrapin tequesta Schwartz, 1955 - Eastern Florida Diamondback Terrapin

These subspecific designations of terrapins were based on morphological characteristics (Carr 1952). However, molecular studies indicate that the morphological subspecific designations do not match well with the range-wide genetic differentiation, suggesting fewer independent lineages. Lamb and Avise (1992) first suggested two subpopulations that diverged near Jacksonville, Florida. More recent work using microsatellites suggested that five genetically distinct terrapin management units exist throughout the range (Hart et al. 2014). One unfortunate consequence of the previous heavy trade and farming of terrapins was the transport of individuals among populations, and the genetic signature of those translocations can still be detected today (Hauswaldt and Glen 2005; Converse et al. 2017; Converse and Kuchta 2018). A more thorough range-wide molecular study using more populations and loci is sorely needed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships and update the taxonomy of Malaclemys." 12696,Malacochersus tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Malacochersus,tornieri,,,,,"(Siebenrock, 1903)","

Lindholm (1929) recognized Testudo tornieri Siebenrock, 1903 as the type of a new genus, for which he established the name Malacochersus. The genus is monotypic, with only one species currently recognized. Genetic studies have demonstrated that Malacochersus is most closely related to Asian Indotestudo and Eurasian Testudo (Le et al. 2006; Parham et al. 2006; Fritz and Bininda-Emonds 2007). Phylogeographic studies of the species have not yet been realized, but are clearly needed in view of its disjunct distribution. Vernacular names used for the species in East African Kiswahili are Kobe ya Mawe and Kobe kama Chapati.

" 12775,Manouria impressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Manouria,impressa,,,,,"(Günther, 1882)", 12776,Mantella aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,aurantiaca,,,,,"Mocquard, 1900","There are populations of ""golden"" mantellas that might belong to other species. The taxonomy of this group is uncertain but the definition of Mantella aurantiaca is clear and there seems to be little genetic subdivision within the species (M. Vences pers. comm.)." 12800,Margaritifera marrianae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,marrianae,,,,,"Johnson, 1983", 12803,Margaritifera hembeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,hembeli,,,,,"Conrad, 1838", 12835,Marmota marmota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,marmota,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 12927,Medionidus parvulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Medionidus,parvulus,,,,,"I. Lea, 1860", 12930,Medionidus walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Medionidus,walkeri,,,,,"(Wright, 1897)", 12953,Megalagrion jugorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,jugorum,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 12958,Megalagrion oceanicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,oceanicum,,,,,"McLachlan, 1883", 12959,Megalagrion pacificum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,pacificum,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1883)", 12960,Megalagrion xanthomelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,xanthomelas,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 12961,Megalagrion oahuense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,oahuense,,,,,"(Blackburn, 1884)", 13013,Megupsilon aporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Megupsilon,aporus,,,,,"Miller & Walters, 1972", 1301,Anhydrophryne rattrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Anhydrophryne,rattrayi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1919", 13038,Melanochelys tricarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Melanochelys,tricarinata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)", 13039,Melanochelys trijuga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Melanochelys,trijuga,,,,,"(Schweigger, 1812)","Six or seven subspecies are widely recognised: Melanochelys trijuga trijuga (Schweigger, 1812); M. t. coronata (Anderson, 1879); M. t. edeniana (Theobald, 1876); M. t. indopeninsularis (Annandale ,1913); M. t. parkeri (Deraniyagala, 1939); M. t. thermalis (Lesson, 1830). Subspecies wiroti (Reimann in Nutaphand, 1979) was synonymized with M. t. edeniana. The colour and size is considered as criteria for subspecies differentiation (Deraniyagala 1939, Das 1995, Das and Bhupathy 2009). The head of M. trijuga thermalis is highly ornamented with either red, orange, or yellow spots or blotches. During a study of 76 live M. t. thermalis from 19 different localities in Sri Lanka a high percentage (76.%) of specimens had orange, red, yellow and brown patches on the head. Head ornamentation was common and distinct in young (Abeysekera et al. 2015).

There are many Sinhala names for the species which vary according to the province. However, the widely used name is the Gal Ibbā, (= rock terrapin). The others are Goo Ibbā (= ordure terrapin), Diya kukula (= water fowl), Thumba Ibbā (= small terrapin), valan Ibbā (= pot terrapin) and mada kakkutta (= mud crab). In Tamil it is known as Karuppu Amai (= Black terrapin), Kal amai (= rock terrapin), Pee amai (= ordure terrapin), Tanni amai (= water terrapin)." 13145,Menidia conchorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,conchorum,,,,,"Hildebrand & Ginsburg, 1927",There is currently a publication in review on the species delineation of Menidia conchorum and Menidia peninsulae (S. O'Leary pers. comm. 2013). 13462,Microtus felteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,felteni,,,,,"Malec & Storch, 1963","Formerly considered a subspecies of Microtus savii, but now regarded as a separate species (Wilson and Reeder 2005)" 13486,Microtus thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,thomasi,,,,,"(Barrett-Hamilton, 1903)","Sometimes considered as a subspecies of M. duodecimcostatus, but its specific status has been reconfirmed by analysis of karyotype, molecular genetics and molar pattern (Kryštufek 1999, Jaarola et al. 2004). A chromosomally polymorphic species; relationships are unknown (Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 13490,Microtus multiplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,multiplex,,,,,"(Fatio, 1905)","Eastern populations are now considered as a separate species, M. liechtensteini (Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 13491,Microtus savii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,savii,,,,,"(de Selys-Longchamps, 1838)", 13493,Microtus duodecimcostatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,duodecimcostatus,,,,,"(de Selys-Longchamps, 1839)", 13494,Microtus lusitanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,lusitanicus,,,,,"(Gerbe, 1879)", 13520,Mictocaris halope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,MICTACEA,MICTOCARIDIDAE,Mictocaris,halope,,,,,"Bowman & Iliffe, 1985", 135803,Bolitoglossa bramei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,bramei,,,,,"Wake, Savage & Hanken, 2007",Specimens formerly considered Bolitoglossa robinisoni from Valle El Silencio are now thought to belong to this species (E. Arias pers. comm. September 2019). 135889,Telmatobius sanborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,sanborni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1954",De la Riva (2005) resurrected Telmatobius sanborni from the synonymy of Telmatobius marmoratus on the basis of differences in morphological features and colour patterns. 135968,Chimerella mariaelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Chimerella,mariaelenae,,,,,"(Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2006)", 136015,Pristimantis aquilonaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,aquilonaris,,,,,"Lehr, Aguilar, Siu-Ting and Jordán, 2007","Pristimantis aquilonaris is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lehr et al., 2007)." 136036,Ctenophryne barbatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Ctenophryne,barbatula,,,,,"(Lehr & Trueb, 2007)", 136055,Anodonthyla moramora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,moramora,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 2005", 136056,Zhangixalus yinggelingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,yinggelingensis,,,,,"(Chou, Lau & Chan, 2007)", 136082,Bolitoglossa gomezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,gomezi,,,,,"Wake, Savage & Hanken, 2007",This species was confused with Bolitoglossa pesrubra prior to its naming (Wake et al. 2007). It has been determined by mtDNA phylogeny to be part of the B. subpalmata clade (Boza-Oveido et al. 2012). 136129,Telmatobius punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,punctatus,,,,,"Vellard, 1955",Telmatobius punctatus was previously considered to be a subspecies of Telmatobius brevirostris; it was elevated to specific status by Lehr (2005) based on differences in morphological features and colour patterns. 78526171,Oreobates lehri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,lehri,,,,,"(Padial, Chaparro & De la Riva, 2007)","

Oreobates lehri was initially ascribed to two distant populations, one in Cordillera Vilcabamba, which is now considered typical O. lehri, and one in the Andean hills of the Kosñipata Valley, to which is now assigned to O. gemcare (Padial et al. 2012). This is a restricted concept of O. lehri following the split of the broader concept into this and O. gemcare (Padial et al. 2012).

" 136498,Microtus liechtensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,liechtensteini,,,,,"(Wettstein, 1927)","Microtus liechtensteini is part of Microtus multiplex species-complex. Its formerly continuous range in the Alps was split into three parts during the last glaciation which led to the evolution of three species: Microtus liechtensteini (south of the Alps east of the river Adige and Balkan mountains), Microtus multiplex (south of the Alps west of the river Adige), and M. bavaricus (north of the Alps in a small refuge in Bavaria and Northern Tyrol) (Haring et al. 2000, Spitzenberger et al. 2000, Spitzenberger 2002, Musser and Carleton 2005, Martinkova et al. 2007)." 136503,Plecotus sardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,sardus,,,,,"Mucedda, Kiefer, Pidinchedda, & Veith, 2002","Identified as a new species by genetic analyses, this species combines morphological features of both P. austriacus and P. auritus." 136536,Microtus brachycercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,brachycercus,,,,,"Lehmann, 1961","The validity of this species needs to be confirmed (Wilson and Reeder 2005, G. Amori pers. comm. 2006)." 136680,Myotis alcathoe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,alcathoe,,,,,"von Helversen & Heller, 2001","Formerly included in Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817); the species was differentiated (von Helversen et al. 2001) on the base of karyological, genetic and echolocation characters." 136773,Uromys boeadii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,boeadii,,,,,"Groves & Flannery, 1994", 136814,Sorex antinorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,antinorii,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1840","Formerly known as the Valais chromosome race of the Common Shrew S. araneus (2n = 24/25, FN = 40). Given species rank, diagnosed and reviewed by Brünner et al. (2002). Sorex arunchi may be related, if not conspecific (Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 136816,Apodemus epimelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,epimelas,,,,,"(Nehring, 1902)",A. mystacinus has been split into two separate species: A. mystacinus and A. epimelas (Wilson and Reeder 2005). 137066,Catharsius rhinoceros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Catharsius,rhinoceros,,,,,"Klug, 1855","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Catharsius Hope 1837 is currently represented by 80 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is probable that understanding of the genus, species, and their distributional ranges would benefit from a revision." 137070,Deltochilum icarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,icarus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 137072,Copris victorini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,victorini,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to a group currently represented by six species that is restricted to the southeast coastline and adjoining highlands of South Africa. There has been much taxonomic confusion between these species." 137074,Paraphytus africanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Paraphytus,africanus,,,,,"Boucomont, 1923","The genus Paraphytus Harold 1877 is shared between the rainforests of both the Afrotropical and Oriental regions, with six species considered valid in the Afrotropical region." 137075,Coptorhina nitefacta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coptorhina,nitefacta,,,,,"Gillet, 1932","The genus Coptorhina is restricted to the Afrotropical region where it comprises seven species, all of which are specialized to feeding and breeding using buried fragments of basidomycete fungi." 137079,Anomiopus parallelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,parallelus,,,,,"(Harold, 1862)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137080,Cheironitis indicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cheironitis,indicus,,,,,"Lansberge, 1875","

The genus Cheironitis van Lansberge 1875 is centred on the Palaearctic, western Oriental and Afrotropical regions, and is currently represented by eleven species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). The taxonomy of Cheironitis indicus is in need of revision in view of the claim that it has a disjunct distribution in India, Arabia and southern Africa.

" 137083,Ateuchus latus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,latus,,,,,"(Boucomont, 1928)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137084,Onthophagus manya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,manya,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137086,Canthidium calidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,calidum,,,,,"Harold, 1880","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown. They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137094,Onitis parvulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,parvulus,,,,,"Balthasar, 1963","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 8 that is restricted to the tropical eastern highlands (Ferreira 1978)." 137095,Canthon divinator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,divinator,,,,,"Gistel, 1857","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137097,Coptodactyla lesnei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coptodactyla,lesnei,,,,,"Paulian, 1933","The genus Coptodactyla Burmeister, 1846 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 14 species (Reid 2000, Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137098,Onitis granulisetosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,granulisetosus,,,,,"Ferreira, 1976","

The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is in Onitis Group 11, which shows a distributional range in dry to moist savanna regions of southern Africa. The validity of this species needs to be assessed by comparison with the type material of Onitis aeruginosus Klug 1855, which occurs within the same ecoregion.

" 137099,Anomiopus bonariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,bonariensis,,,,,"(Bruch, 1925)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137100,Cryptocanthon nebulinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,nebulinus,,,,,"Howden, 1973","According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus with wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico. Some species are flightless." 137103,Scarabaeus namibicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,namibicus,,,,,"Krajcik, 2006","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2005): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Kheper, which is represented in both the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (ScarabNet 2009). The species selected for assessment was Scarabaeus namibicus Krajcik 2006. However, following its selection, S. namibicus was formally synonymized with Scarabeus cupreus (Castelnau 1840) (Deschodt et al. 2011). Hence the review of Scarabaeus (Kheper) cupreus (Castelnau)." 137106,Anisocanthon pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anisocanthon,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Gillet, 1911)","

This genus was created to group three species (two of them described as Canthon and the third as Deltochilum) and now contains four species described. Currently, its geographic distribution is restricted to the South American continent.  

" 137107,Heliocopris faunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heliocopris,faunus,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","The genus Heliocopris Hope 1837 is found in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions, with one species shared between the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, possibly in a Saharo-Sindian pattern of distribution. Most of the taxa are endemic to the Afrotropical region where 44 species are currently recognized as valid (ScarabNet 2009)." 137108,Ateuchus euchalceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,euchalceus,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1939)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137112,Canthidium luteum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,luteum,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

 

" 137118,Canthon gemellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,gemellatus,,,,,"Erichson, 1847","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137119,Onthophagus lamgalio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,lamgalio,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137121,Scatonomus xanthopygus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scatonomus,xanthopygus,,,,,"Pereira, 1954","Scatonomus is a small genus, containing only eight described species, of which little taxonomic and biological information is available. The genus is known from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, and its species are distributed throughout “Cerrado”, “Pampa” and Atlantic forest." 137122,Epirinus gratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Epirinus,gratus,,,,,"Péringuey, 1901",The genus Epirinus currently comprises 29 species with a combined distribution restricted primarily to the coolest climates of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). 137123,Neosisyphus macrorubrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Neosisyphus,macrorubrus,,,,,"(Paschalidis, 1974)","The genus Neosisyphus Müller 1942 shows a widespread distribution in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently represented by 22 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is in urgent need of revision. This species has frequently been cited as N. macroruber for reasons of gender in Latin usage, although no formal abridgement of the name has been published. It is a close relative of N. rubrus Paschalidis 1974, which has also been assessed for the IUCN Red List." 137131,Canthon corpulentus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,corpulentus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

A review of Canthon lamproderes by Fernando Vaz-de-Mello will soon be published which places some specimens previously identified as Canthon lamproderes within Canthon corpulentus - this has been taken into account in this assessment.


Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically relatively well known.



" 137136,Onthophagus rufosignatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,rufosignatus,,,,,"Macleay, 1864","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 137137,Thyregis relictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Thyregis,relictus,,,,,"Matthews, 1976","The endemic Australian genus Thyregis Blackburn, 1904 comprises four described and one undescribed species (Matthews 1976, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). Matthews (1976) considers Thyregis to be a relict genus and Thyregis relictus or a similar species to be ancestral to Coptodactyla. " 137139,Dicranocara deschodti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dicranocara,deschodti,,,,,"Frolov & Scholtz, 2003",The genus Dicranocara was discovered in the late 1990s and described only in 2003. It now comprises three species (ScarabNet 2009) recorded from arid climate both on the South African and Namibian sides of the Lower Orange River. 137149,Sulcophanaeus actaeon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sulcophanaeus,actaeon,,,,,"(Erichson, 1847)","This genus was recently revised by Edmonds (2000). According to the author, Sulcophanaeus is a Neotropical genus comprising five species groups (faunus, carnifex, auricollis, imperator and menelas). Currently, the genus presents 15 valid species and some infraspecific taxa." 137150,Anomiopus smaragdinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,smaragdinus,,,,,"(Westwood, 1842)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137151,Bdelyrus grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,grandis,,,,,"Cook, 1998","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137154,Scarabaeus galenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,galenus,,,,,"Westwood, 1847","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabaeus. This species is currently considered to comprise two varieties, a typically finer punctuate variety that is widespread in southern Africa and a more coarsely punctate variety that occurs in the lowlands of southeast east Mozambique and northeast South Africa and may deserve species status." 137155,Frankenbergerius opacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Frankenbergerius,opacus,,,,,"Frolov & Scholtz, 2005","The genus Frankenbergerius Balthasar, 1938 has been recently revalidated (Frolov and Scholtz 2005) after being in synonymy with the genus Coptorhina Hope 1830. It currently comprises seven species restricted to the eastern and southwest margins of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009)." 137159,Onthophagus villanuevai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,villanuevai,,,,,"Delgado & Deloya, 1990", 137160,Canthon podagricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,podagricus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137161,Eodrepanus fastiditus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Eodrepanus,fastiditus,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1901)","This species has recently been transferred from the genus Drepanocerus Kirby 1828 to the new genus Eodrepanus Barbero, Pallestrini & Roggero 2009. It is represented in both the Afrotropical and Oriental regions with five species found in the Afrotropical region currently considered valid. Eodrepanus fastiditus (Péringuey, 1901) is often confused with a close relatives Eodrepanus bechynei (Janssens, 1953) and Eodrepanus parallelus (Raffray, 1877)." 137163,Dichotomius nimuendaju,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,nimuendaju,,,,,"Luederwaldt, 1925","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed.

" 137164,Canthon indigaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,indigaceus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","Halffter (1961) proposed three subspecies: C. indigaceus indigaceus, C. indigaceus chaipas and C. indigaceus chevrolati." 137165,Cryptocanthon genieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,genieri,,,,,"Cook, 2002","

According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus with wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico. Some species are flightless.

" 137166,Frankenbergerius armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Frankenbergerius,armatus,,,,,"(Boheman, 1857)","

The genus Frankenbergerius Balthasar 1938 has been recently revalidated (Frolov and Scholtz 2005) after being in synonymy with the genus Coptorhina Hope, 1830. It currently comprises seven species restricted to the eastern and southwest margins of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). Frankenbergerius armatus (Boheman, 1857) comprises two subspecies F. armatus armatus (Boheman, 1857) and F. armatus tuberculatus (Frolov & Scholtz, 2005).

" 137169,Coprophanaeus terrali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coprophanaeus,terrali,,,,,"Arnaud, 2002","

According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff (1924) is currently represented by 38 species, distributed among three subgenera (Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff, Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff, and Coprophanaeus s. str.) and eight species groups.

According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), C. terrali can be near, or perhaps synonym to C. dardanus. Thus, the authors consider the status of C. terrali uncertain.

" 137172,Dichotomius worontzowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,worontzowi,,,,,"(Pereira, 1942)","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change." 137173,Onthophagus lacustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,lacustris,,,,,"Harold, 1877","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. Onthophagus lacustris is in Onthophagus Group 7 (d’Orbigny 1913), which may be equivalent to the Palaearctic subgenus Eremonthophagus. Group 7 is widely distributed across the savannas of the Afrotropical region. Onthophagus lacustris may have been confused with two close relatives that are inland shade specialists at higher altitude. One of these other species is O. discretus Péringuey. These two species occurred together at 1,000 m in Kyle Game Reserve in Zimbabwe (Australian CSIRO 1970-1986, unpublished records), but only O. discretus was recorded at 1,100 m near Tshwane / Pretoria where it was a soil generalist as well as a shade specialist (Davis 1996).

" 137177,Onitis aeruginosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,aeruginosus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is in Onitis Group 11, which shows a distributional range primarily in dry to moist savanna regions of southern Africa. In view of the extremely widespread but limited data for this species, an assessment of its extinction risk should await a revision of Group 11 and a consideration of the validity of the various included taxa." 137178,Phanaeus daphnis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phanaeus,daphnis,,,,,"Harold, 1863", 137183,Cryptocanthon rayonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,rayonensis,,,,,"Cook, 2002", 137185,Demarziella storeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Demarziella,storeyi,,,,,"Matthews, 1976","The endemic Australian genus Demarziella Balthasar, 1961 comprises 14 described and two undescribed species (Matthews 1976, Matthews 1986, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137186,Onthophagus pugionatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,pugionatus,,,,,"Fahraeus, 1857","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 24 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the forest and savannas of the Afrotropical region.

" 137187,Canthidium viride,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,viride,,,,,"(Lucas, 1857)","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137191,Copris inhalatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,inhalatus,,,,,"Quedenfeldt, 1884","The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Copris inhalatus comprises four subspecies, Copris inhalatus inhalatus (Quedenfeldt, 1884), Copris inhalatus grandis Nguyen-Phung & Cambefort, 1986, Copris inhalatus perturbator Péringuey, 1901, and Copris inhalatus santaeluciae Nguyen-Phung & Cambefort, 1986." 137194,Onthophagus fuscivestis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,fuscivestis,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1902","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 23 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the forest, savanna and upland grassland of the Afrotropical region.

" 137195,Canthon simulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,simulans,,,,,"(Martinez, 1950)","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137198,Heliocopris japetus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heliocopris,japetus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","

The genus Heliocopris Hope 1837 is found in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions with one species shared between the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, possibly in a Saharo-Sindian pattern of distribution. Most of the taxa are endemic to the Afrotropical region where 44 species are currently recognized as valid (ScarabNet 2009).

" 137201,Onthophagus cavia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,cavia,,,,,"Boucomont, 1914","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species (ScarabNet 2009). The taxonomical limits of the Oriental subgenus Micronthophagus are not defined, but presumably this taxon includes 10-20 species (ScarabNet 2009)." 137202,Onitis mniszechi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,mniszechi,,,,,"Lansberge, 1875","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 18, which is widespread throughout lowland to upland drier savannas of the Afrotropical region on both deep sands and finer-grained soils." 137205,Canthon coloratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,coloratus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1922","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137209,Sauvagesinella palustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sauvagesinella,palustris,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The endemic Australian genus Sauvagesinella Paulian, 1934 comprises three species." 137213,Demarziella eungella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Demarziella,eungella,,,,,"Matthews, 1976","The endemic Australian genus Demarziella Balthasar, 1961 comprises 14 described and two undescribed species (Matthews 1976, Matthews 1986, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). Matthews (1986) ascribed specimens from Iron Range in far north Queensland to this species, but these are now considered to belong to an undescribed species.

" 137214,Bdelyrus paraensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,paraensis,,,,,"Cook, 1998","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137217,Mimonthophagus limbibasis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mimonthophagus,limbibasis,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1905)","Mimonthophagus Balthasar 1963 currently comprises four species with combined distribution in Madagascar and the west, west-central, and southern Afrotropical region, where the various species occur in forest or open savanna woodland. As this species has been recently transferred from Onthophagus Group 5, the generic status of the other group members should be reviewed. The distribution of these other known group members is restricted to southern and east Africa." 137222,Canthidium erythropterum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,erythropterum,,,,,"(Lucas, 1857)","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137227,Ontherus grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,grandis,,,,,"Luederwaldt, 1931","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastem Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 137236,Dichotomius dahli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,dahli,,,,,"(Landin, 1956)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greatest diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change. For this species, it is likely that it may be synonimized with Homocopris torulosus in the near future.

" 137241,Canthidium angulicolle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,angulicolle,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus." 137242,Temnoplectron cooki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Temnoplectron,cooki,,,,,"Reid & Storey, 2000","The genus Temnoplectron Westwood, 1841 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 16 species (Matthews 1974, Reid and Storey 2000, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137247,Scarabaeus laevistriatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,laevistriatus,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1893","

The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2005): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Kheper that is represented in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (ScarabNet 2009).

" 137248,Scarabaeus damarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,damarensis,,,,,"Janssens, 1940","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus, Scarabeolus, which is primarily restricted to Africa." 137249,Onthophagus bubalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bubalus,,,,,"Harold, 1867","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 13 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is restricted to highland regions in west central, northeast, east, and southern Africa." 137250,Sisyphus fasciculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sisyphus,fasciculatus,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","The genus Sisyphus Latreille is biogeographically widespread across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a restricted occurrence in the Central American part of the Neotropical region. It is currently represented by 18 species in the Afrotropical region, but is in urgent need of revision. This species is a distinctive taxon that differs from a close relative in bearing discrete bundles of setae (fascicules) on both the dorsal disc of the prothorax and the elytra as opposed to the elytra only." 137252,Anomiopus howdeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,howdeni,,,,,"Canhedo, 2006","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137253,Onthophagus surdus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,surdus,,,,,"Boucomont, 1925","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 137255,Gyronotus mulanjensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gyronotus,mulanjensis,,,,,"Davis & Scholtz & Harrison, 1999","The genus Gyronotus Lansberge, 1874 is a flightless genus, currently comprising six species that are restricted to forest patches on the east coast of the Afrotropical region from Kenya to South Africa (ScarabNet 2009)." 137266,Onthophagus subocelliger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,subocelliger,,,,,"Blackburn, 1903","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972; T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). Onthophagus waterhousei Gillet, 1927 is a junior synonym of this species (S. Spector pers. comm. 2012)." 137267,Temnoplectron rotundum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Temnoplectron,rotundum,,,,,"Westwood, 1841","The genus Temnoplectron Westwood, 1841 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 16 species (Matthews 1974, Reid and Storey 2000, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137272,Onthophagus alquirta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,alquirta,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137273,Scarabaeus nigroaeneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,nigroaeneus,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2005): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively.  This species belongs to the subgenus Kheper that is represented in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (ScarabNet 2009)." 137274,Canthon luctuosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,luctuosus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon,Peltecantho, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137280,Onthophagus cyaneoniger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,cyaneoniger,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1902","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 23 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the forest, savanna and upland grassland of the Afrotropical region." 137281,Pedaria ovata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,ovata,,,,,"Boucomont, 1922", 137286,Caccobius ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Caccobius,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Fåhraeus, 1857)","

The genus Caccobius Thomson 1859 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. In the Afrotropical region, it is currently represented by 42 species that are considered valid (ScarabNet 2009).

" 137293,Deltorrhinum batesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltorrhinum,batesi,,,,,"Harold, 1867","Deltorhinum presents 8 described species, distributed through Amazonian Forest. Currently, the genus has been revised by F. Génier (2010). Might be associated with leafcutter ants." 137294,Canthidium bokermanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,bokermanni,,,,,"(Martinez, Halffter & Pereira, 1964)","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137295,Onthophagus vilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,vilis,,,,,"Harold, 1877","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 137296,Epirinus sulcipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Epirinus,sulcipennis,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","The genus Epirinus currently comprises 29 species with a combined distribution restricted primarily to the coolest climates of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). The identity of E. sulcipennis Boheman,  1857 is uncertain as material included in the revision of Epirinus (Scholtz and Howden 1987) comprises at least two different species. However, Scholtz and Howden (1987) state that E. sulcipennis has close relationships with E. validus Péringuey, 1901. Of the material available to this assessor that was cited by Scholtz and Howden (1987) as E. sulcipennis, specimens from 1,450 m on Grootberg (Western Cape) are close in appearance to E. validus. However, material from Queenstown (80 km N) is dissimilar to E. validus but similar to material from the Sani Pass cited as E. sulcipennis by Davis et al. (1999). This Queenstown and Sani Pass material is, in fact, close to E. striatus Scholtz & Howden, 1987. Here, E. sulcipennis is assumed to be represented by the material from Grootberg in which the interstriae show obtuse angular ridges compared to the non-ridged interstriae of E. validus." 137297,Onthophagus parallelicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,parallelicornis,,,,,"Macleay, 1887","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137301,Onthophagus azusae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,azusae,,,,,"Ochi & Kon, 2006","

The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide, with about 500 species in the Oriental region (ScarabNet 2009).

" 137302,Dichotomius glaucus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,glaucus,,,,,"(Harold, 1869)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greatest diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change.

" 137303,Phanaeus bispinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phanaeus,bispinus,,,,,"Bates, 1868","

The genus Phanaeus was revised by Edmonds (1994). Its species are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in Mexico. The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera (Notiophanaeus and Phanaeus s. str.).

 

" 137309,Onthophagus muticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,muticus,,,,,"Macleay, 1864","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137314,Onthophagus diversiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,diversiformis,,,,,"Boucomont, 1914","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species (ScarabNet 2009). The Afro-Oriental subgenus Parascatonomus, to which this species has been assigned (Ochi 2003), includes around 50 species (ScarabNet 2009). The majority of them feed on carrion." 137315,Onthophagus eschscholtzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,eschscholtzi,,,,,"Boucomont, 1924","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009). Presumably, this species is close to the representatives of the subgenus Gibbonthophagus." 137318,Gymnopleurus andreaei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,andreaei,,,,,"Ferreira, 1954","The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137321,Pachysoma aesculapius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pachysoma,aesculapius,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)","The genus Pachysoma Macleay 1821 comprises thirteen flightless species with a combined range extending along the dry to arid coastal region in the southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009)." 137322,Onthophagus granulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,granulatus,,,,,"Boheman, 1858","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137323,Copris amabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,amabilis,,,,,"Kolbe, 1914","

The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Citations for Copris amabilis from west (Côte d’Ivoire) and west central Africa (Gabon) (Cambefort 1991, Cambefort and Walter 1991) refer to the recently-described close relative, Copris phungae Cambefort, 1992.

" 137324,Allogymnopleurus chloris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Allogymnopleurus,chloris,,,,,"Klug, 1855","

The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Allogymnopleurus Janssens 1940 is currently represented by 18 Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009). However, Allogymnopleurus chloris is considered to represent an often more shiny, green colour variety of Allogymnopleurus thalassinus Klug 1855.

" 137326,Canthidium atomarium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,atomarium,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137327,Pedaria morettoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,morettoi,,,,,"Josso & Prevost, 2003", 137330,Onthophagus kavirondus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,kavirondus,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1915","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 16 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in forest, savanna and grassland of the Afrotropical region. Othophagus kavirondus is cited as the valid name for this species (Ferreira 1972, Schoolmeesters 2011) but its synonym, Onthophagus kavirondi d’Orbigny 1913, was described two years earlier.

" 137333,Canthidium latum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,latum,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1846)","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137336,Dichotomius crinicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,crinicollis,,,,,"(Germar, 1824)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greatest diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change.

" 137339,Uroxys variabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,variabilis,,,,,"Robinson, 1951","

Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.

" 137340,Oxysternon macleayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Oxysternon,macleayi,,,,,"(Nevison, 1892)","The genus Oxysternon was recently revised by Edmonds and Zídek (2004). It consists of approximately 11 species which are distributed throughout tropical South America. The species that are found within the genus are divided into two subgenera: Oxysternon s. str. and Mioxysternon. According to Edmonds and Zídek (2004), Mioxysternon species occur along the periphery (or outside) of the Amazon Basin, whist those of Oxysternon s. str. are found within." 137343,Gymnopleurus thelwalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,thelwalli,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1890","The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137345,Onthophagus gulmarri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,gulmarri,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137346,Cryptocanthon brevisetosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,brevisetosus,,,,,"Howden, 1973", 137351,Bdelyrus metaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,metaensis,,,,,"Cook, 1998","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137352,Canthidium flabellatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,flabellatum,,,,,"Harold, 1883","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

Canthidium flabellatum requires taxonomic work, as it may be a complex of multiple undescribed taxa that may be a different genus altogether.

" 137353,Gymnopleurus aeruginosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,aeruginosus,,,,,"Harold, 1867","

The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). There is need to verify the relationship between G. aeruginosus and a widespread west and north central African species, G. coerulescens (Olivier, 1789) (F. Génier pers. comm.). This latter species occupies a range primarily in wetter savanna regions, which may be reflected by its metallic blue colour compared to the metallic green colouration but similar appearance of G. aeruginosus from possibly drier climate in the Sudan, based on material that is held in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Change in exoskeleton colour of G. humanus Macleay, 1821 from metallic blue to green to cupreous red in southern Africa has been shown to be correlated to temperature (Davis et al. 2008).

" 137354,Onthophagus mundill,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,mundill,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). Females can be separated from the closely related Onthophagus mamillatus Matthews, 1972, but the males are indistinguishable, but the two species are widely geographically separated." 137363,Dichotomius planicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,planicollis,,,,,"(Gillet, 1911)","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed." 137365,Oniticellus pseudoplanatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Oniticellus,pseudoplanatus,,,,,"Balthasar, 1964","The genus Oniticellus Serville 1828 occurs in both the Afrotropical and the Oriental regions, with five species currently considered valid in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Oniticellus pseudoplanatus is very closely related to Oniticellus planatus Castelnau 1840." 137367,Scybalocanthon trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalocanthon,trimaculatus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1922)","The genus Scybalocanthon Martínez (1948) is a small genus of dung beetle from Central and South America. It needs taxonomical revision and many of its species can not be securely identified at this moment. So far, Scybalocanthon has 18 described species." 137368,Anomiopus nigrocoeruleus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,nigrocoeruleus,,,,,"(Martinez, 1955)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137370,Copris maesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,maesi,,,,,"Ratcliffe, 1998","This species has been described from a single disarticulated specimen: ""I describe here a highly unusual new species of Copris whose disarticulated remains were found beneath a log in Nicaragua by Jean-Michel Maes and A. de la Fuente. I had hoped that additional specimens would have been found in the intervening years since the specimen was found, but this has not happened. I have decided to describe the species now, without waiting for a complete body to be collected, because its remarkably distinctive features are diagnostic."" (Ratcliffe 1998)" 137371,Pedaria spinithorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,spinithorax,,,,,"Paulian & Cambefort & Mauchamp, 1982", 137375,Coptodactyla nitida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coptodactyla,nitida,,,,,"Paulian, 1933","The genus Coptodactyla Burmeister, 1846 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 14 species (Reid 2000, Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). This species was raised from synonymy with Coptodactyla subaenea by Reid (2000)." 137380,Canthidium subdopuncticolle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,subdopuncticolle,,,,,"Howden & Young, 1981","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137381,Lepanus pisoniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Lepanus,pisoniae,,,,,"Lea, 1923","The genus Lepanus Balthasar, 1966, as conceived by Matthews (1974) and subsequent workers is the most heterogeneous of the Australian Canthonini. It comprises 24 described and at least 60 undescribed species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm, G.B. Monteith pers. comm. and Gunter pers. comm. 2012). Lepanus pisoniae as interperated by Matthews (1974) is now known to be a complex of species. This assessment refers to the current knowledge of the true Lepanus pisoniae" 137385,Coptodactyla storeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coptodactyla,storeyi,,,,,"Reid, 2000","The genus Coptodactyla Burmeister, 1846 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 14 species (Reid 2000, Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137390,Pedaria biseria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,biseria,,,,,"Josso & Prevost, 2003", 137398,Catharsius pandion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Catharsius,pandion,,,,,"Harold, 1877","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Catharsius Hope 1837 is currently represented by 80 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). There is undoubtedly a good deal of confusion in the taxonomy of Catharsius pandion and published distribution records need to be treated with caution. It appears that it is one of a complex of closely related species that are similar in appearance and difficult to separate since the diagnostic morphological features vary in prominence and shape according to body size. Although there is no doubt that the taxon treated here as Catharsius pandion is a valid species, the application of the name, Catharsius pandion, to this species needs to be validated by a revision of the group taxonomy." 137406,Canthon lituratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,lituratus,,,,,"(Germar, 1813)","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137409,Demarziella imitatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Demarziella,imitatrix,,,,,"Balthasar, 1967","The endemic Australian genus Demarziella Balthasar, 1961 comprises 14 described and two undescribed species (Matthews 1976, Matthews 1986, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137411,Onitis mendax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,mendax,,,,,"Gillet, 1918","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 19, which is centred in dry to moist savannas throughout the Afrotropical region and includes a number of known elephant dung specialists occurring on either deep sands or finer-grained soils. As in all Onitis, there is variation in body size and the shape and prominence of diagnostic femoral armament in males leading to synonyms for this widespread species described from both Zimbabwe (Onitis cerrutii Müller 1949) and Mozambique (Onitis janssenii Gomes Alves 1954)." 137420,Onthophagus giraffa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,giraffa,,,,,"Hausmann, 1807","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species belongs to Onthophagus group 17 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is dominated by species showing rain forest, highland grassland, or cooler climatic ranges and is widespread in the Afrotropical region.

" 137422,Pachysoma endroedyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pachysoma,endroedyi,,,,,"(Harrison & Scholtz & Chown, 2003)","The genus Pachysoma Macleay 1821 comprises thirteen flightless species with a combined range extending along the dry to arid coastal region in the southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009)." 137423,Canthon plagiatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,plagiatus,,,,,"Harold, 1880","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137424,Onthophagus humpatensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,humpatensis,,,,,"Lansberge, 1886","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 24 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the forest and savannas of the Afrotropical region.

" 137427,Coprophanaeus gamezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coprophanaeus,gamezi,,,,,"Arnaud, 2002","According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff (1924) is currently represented by 38 species, distributed among three subgenera (Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff, Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff, and Coprophanaeus s. str.) and eight species groups." 137428,Onthophagus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,australis,,,,,"Guerin-Meneville, 1830","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). Matthews (1972) records hybridising between this species and Onthophagus nurubuan Matthews, 1972 in the northern part of its range." 137429,Onthophagus victoriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,victoriensis,,,,,"Blackburn, 1903","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 137430,Gymnopleurus reichei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,reichei,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1890","The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Other than in colour, South African specimens do not appear to differ appreciably to G. reichei from Kenya." 137431,Ontherus dentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,dentatus,,,,,"Luederwaldt, 1930","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 137433,Temnoplectron finnigani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Temnoplectron,finnigani,,,,,"Reid & Storey, 2000","The genus Temnoplectron Westwood, 1841 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 16 species (Matthews 1974, Reid and Storey 2000, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137438,Pachysoma hippocrates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pachysoma,hippocrates,,,,,"(Macleay, 1821)","

The genus Pachysoma Macleay 1821 comprises thirteen flightless species with a combined range extending along the dry to arid coastal region in the southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009). The morphological characteristics of P. hippocrates populations show a distinct north / south cline (Harrison et al. 2003) that is also reflected by phylogenetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene (Sole et al. 2005). Although, in the past, northern populations have been separated at specific level under the name, P. hessei Ferreira, this name is currently synonymized with P. hippocrates, and all populations are considered to belong to a single variable coastal species.

" 137441,Onthophagus semimetallicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,semimetallicus,,,,,"Lea, 1923","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 137442,Phanaeus tridens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phanaeus,tridens,,,,,"Castelnau, 1840", 137449,Copris morphaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,morphaeus,,,,,"Gillet, 1932","The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137451,Cryptocanthon andersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,andersoni,,,,,"Cook, 2002","According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus of wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico." 137459,Onitis nemoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,nemoralis,,,,,"Gillet, 1932","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 3, which is widespread throughout the savannas and forests of Africa." 137461,Onthophagus tamworthi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,tamworthi,,,,,"Blackburn, 1903","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 137462,Pedaria tibialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,tibialis,,,,,"Josso & Prevost, 2006", 137463,Onthophagus depressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,depressus,,,,,"Harold, 1871","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 32 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is widely distributed across the dry to moist savannas of the Afrotropical region.

" 137465,Canthon quinquemaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,quinquemaculatus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1840","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137468,Uroxys pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,pygmaeus,,,,,"Harold, 1883","

Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.

" 137469,Onthophagus sikkimensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,sikkimensis,,,,,"Gillet, 1925","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 137471,Ateuchus guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Bates, 1887)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with over 90 species, distributed from the USA to Argentina, and the Antilles. There are several taxonomic and nomenclatural problems, and many species to describe." 137473,Dichotomius horridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,horridus,,,,,"(Felsche, 1911)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed.

" 137476,Canthon smaragdulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,smaragdulus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1781)","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137477,Onthophagus aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,aethiopicus,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1902","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 31 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is widely distributed throughout the savanna and highland grassland of the Afrotropical region and is equivalent to the Palaearctic and Oriental subgenus Furconthophagus Zunino 1979." 137479,Bdelyrus howdeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,howdeni,,,,,"Cook, 1998","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137480,Neosisyphus rubrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Neosisyphus,rubrus,,,,,"(Paschalidis, 1974)","

The genus Neosisyphus Müller 1942 shows a widespread distribution in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently represented by 22 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is in urgent need of revision. This species has frequently been cited as N. ruber for reasons of gender in Latin usage although no formal abridgement of the name has been published. It is a close relative of N. macrorubrus Paschalidis 1974, which has also been assessed for the IUCN Red List.

" 137482,Onthophagus planifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,planifrons,,,,,"Frey, 1962","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009). This species is known only from the type series of two females and the taxonomic status likely requires reconsideration because of the fact that species identification in Onthophagus is usually impossible without males." 137485,Dichotomius apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,apicalis,,,,,"(Luederwaldt, 1931)","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greatest diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change." 137491,Canthochilum anacaona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthochilum,anacaona,,,,,"Zayas & Matthews, 1966","

According to Philips and Ivie (2008), Canthochilum Chapin is a Greater Antillean endemic genus of small to very small scarabaeines (2.3–6.0 mm) found in forested habitats across a wide variety of moisture and elevational gradients. This genus is composed by 23 species and it represents more than half of the known scarabaeines of the Greater Antilles (Philips and Ivie, 2008).

" 137496,Anomiopus pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,pictus,,,,,"(Harold, 1862)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137498,Canthidium flavipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,flavipes,,,,,"Harold, 1867","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137499,Copris capensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,capensis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1891","The genus Copris Muller 1764 shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137501,Canthon edentulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,edentulus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137504,Onthophagus nefarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,nefarius,,,,,"Balthasar, 1941","The mega-diverse genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species. The Oriental subgenus Indachorius includes approximately 30 species (ScarabNet 2009). The species of this subgenus are quite small onthophagines which are similar to each other in external morphology and can reliably identified only by male genitalia. The representatives of the subgenus feed on dung, some of the species roll dung balls. The majority of the species are strictly localized, displaying a high degree of endemism to a particular habitat, normally primary tropical forests." 137505,Coprophanaeus pertyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coprophanaeus,pertyi,,,,,"(d'Olsufieff, 1924)","According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff (1924) is currently represented by 38 species, distributed among three subgenera (Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff, Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff, and Coprophanaeus s. str.) and eight species groups.  " 137507,Ateuchus murrayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,murrayi,,,,,"(Harold, 1868)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137510,Dendropaemon tenuitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dendropaemon,tenuitarsis,,,,,"Felsche, 1909","

The genus is currently being reviewed by Patrick Arnaud and François Génier. Therefore, it is not safe now to report data on the number of species or internal structure of the genus. The species of Dendropaemon are restricted to South America, except Chile.

" 137515,Onthophagus propinquus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,propinquus,,,,,"Macleay, 1888","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972; T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). Onthophagus helmsi is considered a junior synonym of O. propinquus (Matthews 1972)." 137519,Platyonitis bicuariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Platyonitis,bicuariensis,,,,,"Ferreira, 1976","This species is one of only three described for the genus Platyonitis, one occurring in southwest Africa and the other two in northeast Africa." 137520,Dichotomius maya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,maya,,,,,"Peraza & Deloya, 2006", 137526,Aulacopris matthewsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aulacopris,matthewsi,,,,,"Storey, 1986","The endemic Australian genus Aulacopris White, 1859 comprises three species. Aulacopris matthewsi is the only flightless species of the genus known." 137530,Onthophagus caesariatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,caesariatus,,,,,"Boucomont, 1921","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide, of which around 500 species occur in the Oriental region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137532,Canthon laminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,laminatus,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137533,Pedaria durandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,durandi,,,,,"Paulian & Cambefort & Mauchamp, 1982", 137540,Scarabaeus costatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,costatus,,,,,"(Wiedemann, 1823)","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively (ScarabNet 2009). This species was formerly classified as one of two members of the genus Drepanopodus Wiedemann 1823, which was recently synonymised with the genus Scarabaeus (Forgie et al. 2005)." 137542,Ontherus azteca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,azteca,,,,,"Harold, 1869","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 137546,Cryptocanthon campbellorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,campbellorum,,,,,"Howden, 1973","According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus of wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico." 137547,Catharsius chinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Catharsius,chinai,,,,,"Ferreira, 1960","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Catharsius Hope 1837 is currently represented by 80 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is probable that understanding of the genus, species, and their distributional ranges would benefit from a revision." 137555,Demarziella planitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Demarziella,planitarsis,,,,,"Petrovitz, 1971","The endemic Australian genus Demarziella Balthasar, 1961 comprises 14 described and two undescribed species (Matthews 1976, Matthews 1986, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137559,Gyronotus pumilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gyronotus,pumilus,,,,,"(Boheman, 1857)","

The genus Gyronotus Lansberge, 1874 is a flightless genus, currently comprising six species that are restricted to forest patches on the east coast of the Afrotropical region from Kenya to South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). Although G. marginatus Péringuey, 1888 was synonymized with G. pumilus (Boheman, 1857) (Scholtz and Howden 1987), it apparently differs in showing consistently larger body size than G. pumilus and restriction to forests right on the Pondoland coastline as opposed to a distribution extending further inland. Here, it is assessed as a synonym. 

" 137561,Metacatharsius pumilioniformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Metacatharsius,pumilioniformis,,,,,"Ferreira, 1964","The genus Metacatharsius Paulian 1939 is predominantly restricted to the Afrotropical region where 62 species are currently considered valid (ScarabNet 2009). A single species, Metacatharsius inermis Castelnau, extends from the Afrotropical region across Arabia to the western edge of the Oriental Region in a Saharo-Sindian pattern of distribution." 137562,Scarabaeus canaliculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,canaliculatus,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1888","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabeolus, which is primarily restricted to Africa. Available reference material identified as Scarabaeus canaliculatus originates entirely from the southwest of the Western Cape and coastal regions of Little Namaqualand (South Africa), whereas material identified as its close relative, Scarabaeus fritschi Harold 1868, originates from Great Namaqualand (southern Namibia), inland regions of Little Namaqualand above the escarpment, and the Northern Cape (both in South Africa). Scarabaeus canaliculatus was described from Namaqua (Fairmaire 1888) whereas Scarabaeus fritschi was described from Africa Austral. Inter. The cited type locality of Scarabaeus canaliculatus (Namaqua) is insufficiently exact to determine if it represents the southern or the northern species. As Péringuey (1901) cites the type locality of Scarabaeus canaliculatus as Great Namaqualand, this would place it outside of the known range of the species treated here as Scarabaeus canaliculatus, but coincidental with the range of the species treated here as Scarabaeus fritschi. Clearly, a revision of the taxonomy of these species is required as the lack of coincidence between ranges and type localities may be indicative of confusion between Scarabaeus canaliculatus and its close relative, including the synonym Scarabaeus reichei Waterhouse 1890, described from an unspecified southern locality in the Cape of Good Hope." 137563,Zonocopris machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Zonocopris,machadoi,,,,,"Vaz-de-Mello, 2007","

Zonocopris is known for its relationships with giant South American land snails. The genus was revised by Vaz-de-Mello (2007). Currently, it consists of two species, Z. gibbicollis (Harold 1868), distributed in Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil and Z. machadoi Vaz-de-Mello, 2007, from Paraguay and Brazil. 

" 137564,Copris wiesei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,wiesei,,,,,"Kolbe, 1914","The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137565,Ontherus raptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,raptor,,,,,"Génier, 1996","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 137566,Trichillidium quadridens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Trichillidium,quadridens,,,,,"(Arrow, 1932)","The genus Trichillidium was described and positioned in the subtribe Scatimina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini) by Vaz-de-Mello (2008). It is comprised of four species that are distributed throughout southern Nicaragua to central Argentina (although they are absent in western Amazonia), central and northeastern Brazil. The species that compose the genus were originally described in Trichillum or Pedaridium." 137568,Onthophagus hoplocerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hoplocerus,,,,,"Lea, 1923","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137570,Garreta malleolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Garreta,malleolus,,,,,"(Kolbe, 1895)","The genus Garreta Janssens, 1940 is shared between the Afrotropical and Oriental regions with eleven species currently recognized as valid in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137573,Ontherus laminifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,laminifer,,,,,"Balthasar, 1938","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 137574,Canthidium femoratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,femoratum,,,,,"Boucomont, 1935","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137578,Boletoscapter furcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Boletoscapter,furcatus,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","

The endemic Australian genus Boletoscapter Matthews, 1974 comprises two species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm.).

" 137581,Macroderes cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Macroderes,cornutus,,,,,"Frolov & Scholtz, 2004",The genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 is restricted to the winter and bimodal rainfall regions on the west and southern coastal regions of South Africa where it is currently represented by fourteen valid flightless species and three with poor support (ScarabNet 2009). 137584,Canthon quadripunctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,quadripunctatus,,,,,"Redtenbacher, 1867","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically relatively well known.

" 137585,Canthidium flavicorne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,flavicorne,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1846)","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137586,Bdelyrus apaporisae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,apaporisae,,,,,"Cook, 1998","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137591,Onthophagus flavolimbatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,flavolimbatus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species has been classified within Onthophagus Group 11 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is widespread throughout the dryer savannas of the Afrotropical region." 137592,Anomiopus idei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,idei,,,,,"Canhedo, 2006","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137594,Canthon corruscans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,corruscans,,,,,"Castelnau, 1840","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137598,Ateuchus halffteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,halffteri,,,,,"Kohlmann, 1981","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with over 90 species, distributed from the USA to Argentina, and the Antilles. There are several taxonomic and nomenclatural problems, and many species to describe. Ateuchus halffteri is endemic of Mexico (Kohlmann 1981, Kohlmann 2003). Ateuchus halffteri is the only Mexican species with an internal sac with two copulatory spines." 137604,Onthophagus depilatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,depilatus,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1913","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 9 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is widely distributed throughout the forests, moist savannas and cooler climates of the Afrotropical region." 137607,Canthon lividus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,lividus,,,,,"Blanchard, 1846","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America.The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137608,Onitis meyeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,meyeri,,,,,"Kolbe, 1891","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 3, which is widespread throughout the savannas and forests of Africa." 137609,Onthophagus bornemisszai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bornemisszai,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137613,Bdelyrus cochabambae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,cochabambae,,,,,"Cook, 2000","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137615,Pedaria cambeforti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,cambeforti,,,,,"Josso & Prevost, 2003", 137617,Anomiopus laetus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,laetus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1891)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137618,Onthophagus mamillatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,mamillatus,,,,,"Lea, 1923","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137622,Onthophagus janthinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,janthinus,,,,,"Harold, 1875","Onthophagus is a diverse and cosmopolitan genus, with approximately 2,000 species distributed worldwide. The great diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task." 137629,Onthophagus aequepubens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,aequepubens,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1905","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species belongs to Onthophagus Group 2 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is widely represented in dry to wet regions throughout the Afrotropical region.

" 137631,Onthophagus anchommatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,anchommatus,,,,,"Lea, 1923","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137634,Odontoloma pygidiale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Odontoloma,pygidiale,,,,,"Peringuey, 1901","The genus Odontoloma Boheman 1857 is restricted to the Afrotropical region where most of the twenty species currently considered valid show southerly centres of distribution (ScarabNet 2009). Owing to the very small body size and great similarity in appearance between most species, the taxonomy of this genus is difficult and requires revision." 137635,Deltochilum batesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,batesi,,,,,"Paulian, 1938","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 137639,Ontherus hadros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,hadros,,,,,"Génier, 1996","

The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastem Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus.

" 137641,Macroderes endroedyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Macroderes,endroedyi,,,,,"Frolov & Scholtz, 2004",The genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 is restricted to the winter and bimodal rainfall regions on the west and southern coastal regions of South Africa where it is currently represented by fourteen valid flightless species and three with poor support (ScarabNet 2009). 137643,Onitis obscurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,obscurus,,,,,"Lansberge, 1886","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is classified in Onitis Group 17, which shows a widespread distribution in dry and moist savanna of the Afrotropical region. The group 17 species occupy distinct regional ranges but are difficult to separate leading to taxonomic confusion in the literature and, as a result, much erroneous distribution data." 137644,Canthon helleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,helleri,,,,,"Schmidt, 1922","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137645,Lepanus politus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Lepanus,politus,,,,,"Carter, 1936","The genus Lepanus Balthasar, 1966, as conceived by Matthews (1974) and subsequent workers is the most heterogeneous of the Australian Canthonini. It comprises 24 described and at least 60 undescribed species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm, G.B. Monteith pers. comm. and Gunter pers. comm. 2012)." 137646,Proagoderus extensus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,extensus,,,,,"(Harold, 1878)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992).

" 137648,Frankenbergerius nitidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Frankenbergerius,nitidus,,,,,"Frolov & Scholtz, 2005","The genus Frankenbergerius Balthasar, 1938 has been recently revalidated (Frolov and Scholtz 2005) after being in synonymy with the genus Coptorhina Hope 1830. It currently comprises seven species restricted to the eastern and southwest margins of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009)." 137652,Scarabaeus rixosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,rixosus,,,,,"Peringuey, 1901","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabaeus. Scarabaeus rixosus is one of two species formerly classified under the generic name Neateuchus Gillet 1911, which was recently synonymized with Scarabaeus (Forgie et al. 2006). A recently re-discovered museum specimen may be the type of this species as it matches the original description in bearing a monofid spur on the mentum and bears a label in the handwriting of the describing authority (L. Péringuey) showing it was collected near the type locality. Péringuey’s personal collection is known to have been purchased and donated to the museum in which this specimen is lodged (National Collection of Insects, South Africa). Examination of the specimen shows that it differs distinctly from its close relative, Scarabaeus proboscideus Guérin-Méneville 1844, the only other Scarabaeus species known to bear a spur on the mentum." 137654,Canthidium magnum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,magnum,,,,,"Harold, 1871","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137656,Canthidium flavum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,flavum,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137659,Anomiopus birai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,birai,,,,,"Canhedo, 2006","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137660,Ateuchus ambiguus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,ambiguus,,,,,"Martinez & Martinez, 1990","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with over 90 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137662,Uroxys lojanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,lojanus,,,,,"Arrow, 1933","Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task." 137664,Onitis robustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,robustus,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","

The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 9, which shows a wide distribution across the moist savannas of the Afrotropical region (Ferreira 1978).

" 137666,Canthon heyrovskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,heyrovskyi,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon,Peltecantho, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.


" 137667,Holocephalus sculptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Holocephalus,sculptus,,,,,"(Gillet, 1907)","According to Smith and Génier (2001), the genus Holocephalus is currently represented by five species, distributed among Paraguay and southeastern Brazil." 137672,Onthophagus bindaree,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bindaree,,,,,"Storey & Weir, 1990","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137675,Caccobius nigritulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Caccobius,nigritulus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","The genus Caccobius Thomson 1859 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. In the Afrotropical region, it is currently represented by 42 species that are considered valid (ScarabNet 2009)." 137676,Liatongus arrowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Liatongus,arrowi,,,,,"Boucomont, 1921","The genus Liatongus Reitter 1893 shows a wide disjunct distribution in the Afrotropical, Oriental, eastern Palaeartic and western Nearctic regions. In the Afrotropical region, it is currently represented by 15 valid species (ScarabNet 2009)." 137677,Gromphas aeruginosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gromphas,aeruginosa,,,,,"(Perty, 1830)","

The genus is endemic to South America and currently has five valid, described species. They are specialists of beaches (riverine and sea).  

" 137680,Odontoloma endroedyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Odontoloma,endroedyi,,,,,"Howden & Scholtz, 1987","The genus Odontoloma Boheman 1857 is restricted to the Afrotropical region where most of the twenty species currently considered valid show southerly centres of distribution (ScarabNet 2009). Owing to the very small body size and great similarity in appearance between most species, the taxonomy of this genus is difficult and requires revision.

" 137681,Onthophagus lemekensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,lemekensis,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1915","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species remains unassigned to a group." 137685,Caccobius cavatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Caccobius,cavatus,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1908","The genus Caccobius Thomson 1859 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. In the Afrotropical region, it is currently represented by 42 species that are considered valid (ScarabNet 2009)." 137687,Onthophagus falculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,falculatus,,,,,"Boucomont, 1914","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 137688,Onthophagus pseudovirens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,pseudovirens,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1913","A new subgenus of Onthophagus Latreille 1802 was recently created for O. pseudovirens and allied species, which were transferred from Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883, a taxon that is variously cited as having subgeneric or generic status. Since its creation, the subgenus, Hyalonthophagus Palestrini & Giacone 1989, has also often been cited as having generic status. Whether cited as a genus or subgenus, it is restricted to the Afrotropical region where it currently comprises ten very closely related species. Owing to the extremely close relationships, a review of the taxonomy within this genus is recommended." 137693,Coprophanaeus ohausi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coprophanaeus,ohausi,,,,,"(Felsche, 1911)","

According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff (1924) is currently represented by 38 species, distributed among three subgenera (Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff, Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff, and Coprophanaeus s. str.) and eight species groups. Edmonds and Zidek (2010) synonymized Coprophanaeus florenti Arnaud under Coprophanaeus ohausi Felsche.

" 137695,Onthophagus hippopotamus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hippopotamus,,,,,"Harold, 1869", 137699,Onthophagus impressicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,impressicollis,,,,,"Boheman, 1860","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 24 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the forest and savannas of the Afrotropical region. This species is entirely metallic green. Another sympatric Group 24 species, Onthophagus leucopygus Harold 1867, in which the elytra are white rather than metallic, is thought to be a further synonym of Onthophagus impressicollis Boheman 1860." 137702,Onthophagus quadricuspis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,quadricuspis,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1908","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas of Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australiasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus. Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 12, which is widespread in the dry to moist savannas of the Afrotropical region, and is equivalent to the Palaearctic and Oriental subgenus Trichonthophagus." 137704,Scarabaeus karrooensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,karrooensis,,,,,"Zur Strassen, 1961","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabeolus." 137705,Dichotomius alyattes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,alyattes,,,,,"(Harold, 1880)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change.

" 137710,Onthophagus nigriventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,nigriventris,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1905","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species belongs to Onthophagus Group 4 (d’Orbigny 1913), which shows a distribution restricted to tropical east African highlands and cool temperate highlands of South Africa.

" 137711,Onthophagus carpophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,carpophilus,,,,,"Pereira & Halffter, 1961", 137715,Lepanus gelasinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Lepanus,gelasinus,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Lepanus Balthasar, 1966, as conceived by Matthews (1974) and subsequent workers is the most heterogeneous of the Australian Canthonini. It comprises 24 described and at least 60 undescribed species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm, G.B. Monteith pers. comm. and Gunter pers. comm. 2012). Lepanus gelasinus as defined by Matthews (1974) is a complex of species distributed in central coastal Queensland. Lepanus gelasinus itself appears to be confined to an area around Bulburin State Forest and this assessment is confined to this." 137718,Onthophagus reyesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,reyesi,,,,,"Zunino & Halffter, 1988", 137720,Deltochilum carinatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,carinatum,,,,,"(Westwood, 1837)","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 137725,Copris ritsemae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,ritsemae,,,,,"Harold, 1875","The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to a group that is restricted to the southeast coastline and adjoining highlands of South Africa and is currently represented by six valid species between which there has been much taxonomic confusion (see also assessment of Copris victorini Boheman, 1857). Copris ritsemae has been described as a taxon that is distinct from its close relative, Copris caelatus (Fabricius, 1794), and it appears that most published locality data for Copris ritsemae is due to confusion with that species." 137729,Pedaria puncticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,puncticollis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1890", 137734,Gymnopleurus bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,bicolor,,,,,"Latreille, 1823","The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137742,Cephalodesmius armiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cephalodesmius,armiger,,,,,"Westwood, 1842","The flightless endemic Australian genus Cephalodesmius Westwood, 1841 comprises three described and one undescribed species (Matthews 1974, Monteith and Storey 1981, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137751,Canthon columbianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,columbianus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1920","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137756,Onthophagus caprai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,caprai,,,,,"Frey, 1956","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide, of which around 500 species occur in the Oriental region (ScarabNet 2009). The Oriental subgenus Colobonthophagus includes about 30 species (ScarabNet 2009)." 137760,Canthidium aurichalceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,aurichalceum,,,,,"Preudhomme de Borre, 1886","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137761,Scatonomus lauropalui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scatonomus,lauropalui,,,,,"Vulcano & Pereira, 1973","Scatonomus is a small genus, containing only eight described species, of which little taxonomic and biological information is available. The genus is known from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, and its species are distributed throughout “Cerrado”, “Pampa” and Atlantic forest." 137764,Epirinus relictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Epirinus,relictus,,,,,"Scholtz & Howden, 1987",The genus Epirinus currently comprises 29 species with a combined distribution restricted primarily to the coolest climates of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). 137765,Dichotomius nutans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,nutans,,,,,"(Harold, 1867)","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed." 137768,Uroxys elongatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,elongatus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task." 137770,Ontherus aequatorius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,aequatorius,,,,,"Bates, 1891","

The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastem Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus.

 

" 137771,Uroxys coarctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,coarctatus,,,,,"Harold, 1867","

Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.

" 137772,Ateuchus carbonarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,carbonarius,,,,,"(Harold, 1868)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137774,Amphistomus speculifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Amphistomus,speculifer,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Amphistomus Lansberge, 1874 is found in Australia, New Guinea and Maluku (Moluccas) Archipelago. In Australia it comprises 18 described species and 8 undescribed species. Amphistomus speculifer, as originally described, is now known to consist of two allopatric species. Amphistomus speculifer is confined to New South Wales only." 137775,Onthophagus lugubris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,lugubris,,,,,"Fahraeus, 1857","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 16 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in forest, savanna and grassland of the Afrotropical region." 137778,Temnoplectron bornemisszai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Temnoplectron,bornemisszai,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Temnoplectron Westwood, 1841 occurs in Australia and New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 16 species." 137779,Clypeodrepanus striatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Clypeodrepanus,striatus,,,,,"(Boucomont, 1921)","

This species has been recently transferred from Drepanocerus Kirby, 1828 to a newly described genus Clypeodrepanus Krikken, 2009. It is represented only in the Afrotropical region by three species that are currently considered valid.

" 137782,Onthophagus yiryoront,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,yiryoront,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 137783,Scybalophagus plicatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalophagus,plicatipennis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1843)","Scybalophagus consists of five species that are distributed throughout Argentina, Peru, Chile and Bolívia. Its specimens are recognized by the following characters: mesotibia and metatibia with transverse carinae; head not elongate and dorsum monocolored." 137785,Copris serius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,serius,,,,,"Nguyen-phung, 1987","The genus Copris Muller 1764 shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137792,Onthophagus nagpurensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,nagpurensis,,,,,"Arrow, 1931","

The mega-diverse genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)

.

 

" 137793,Onthophagus bunamin,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bunamin,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137795,Onthophagus bicolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bicolensis,,,,,"Ochi & Kon, 2006","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide, of which around 500 species are Oriental (ScarabNet 2009)." 137797,Panelus bakeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Panelus,bakeri,,,,,"Boucomont, 1921","

The Afro-Asian genus Panelus numbers 26 species, of which around 22 species occur in the Oriental region. The genus is in need of a revision because the species identification is complicated. However, Panelus bakeri is currently considered valid as a species. The food preferences of Panelus species are unknown, however, it is presumed that at least many of Oriental species are saprophagous. Panelus species are typically restricted to special types of forest and have small distribution ranges.

 

" 137800,Onthophagus beiranus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,beiranus,,,,,"Peringuey, 1908","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is in Onthophagus Group 7 (d'Orbigny 1913), which may be equivalent to the Palaearctic subgenus Eremonthophagus. Group 7 is widely distributed across the savannas of the Afrotropical region." 137802,Scarabaeus difficilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,difficilis,,,,,"(Zur Strassen, 1965)","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. Sceliages is restricted to the south central and south of the Afrotropical region and is specialized to breeding using the soft body contents of dead millipedes." 137803,Canthidium sladeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,sladeni,,,,,"Arrow, 1903","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137804,Ontherus brevicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,brevicollis,,,,,"Kirsch, 1870","

The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus.

" 137810,Namakwanus streyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Namakwanus,streyi,,,,,"Frolov, 2005","The genus Namakwanus Scholtz & Howden 1987 is restricted to Namibia where it currently comprises three species that are considered valid (ScarabNet 2009)." 137811,Canthon brunnipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,brunnipennis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1922","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 137813,Onthophagus asper,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,asper,,,,,"Macleay, 1864","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). This species is closely related to Onthophagus ocelliger Harold, 1877 and is often difficult to separate from it." 137817,Proagoderus plato,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,plato,,,,,"(Bates, 1888)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992). This species is known by only the single male type specimen.

" 137818,Endroedyolus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Endroedyolus,paradoxus,,,,,"Scholtz & Howden, 1987",The genus Endroedyolus Scholtz & Howden 1987 comprises a single species with an extremely restricted distribution in eastern South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). 137824,Garreta nitens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Garreta,nitens,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)","The genus Garreta Janssens 1940 is shared between the Afrotropical and Oriental regions, with eleven species currently recognized as valid in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137826,Ixodina freyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ixodina,freyi,,,,,"(Janssens, 1953)","

Ixodina freyi (Janssens, 1953) was recently transferred from Drepanocerus Kirby, 1828 to the re-validated genus, Ixodina Roth (Krikken 2009). It is represented in both the Afrotropical and Oriental regions with seven species found in the Afrotropical region currently considered valid.

" 137831,Onitis dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,dispar,,,,,"Péringuey, 1896","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 10 (Ferreira 1978), which shows a widespread, mostly tropical distribution across the dry to moist savannas, forests and upland grassland of the Afrotropical region." 137832,Deltochilum cristinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,cristinae,,,,,"(Martínez, 1991)","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 137833,Scybalocanthon darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalocanthon,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Paulian, 1939)","The genus Scybalocanthon Martínez (1948) is a small genus of dung beetle from Central and South America. It needs taxonomic revision and many of its species can not be securely identified at this moment. So far, Scybalocanthon has 18 described species." 137834,Garreta azureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Garreta,azureus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1801)","The genus Garreta Janssens, 1940 is shared between the Afrotropical and Oriental regions, with eleven species currently recognized as valid in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). There are several currently valid species that are claimed to be close relatives of Garreta azureus. It is suspected that two of these species described from unspecified localities in South Africa were probably described from the southeast coastline (G. caffer (Fahraeus, 1857), type locality “Caffraria”; G. fastiditus (Harold, 1867), type locality “Cape of Good Hope”). As green specimens of Garreta from the subtropical east coast of South Africa are indistinguishable from green G. azureus of equivalent body size, it is likely that an examination of type material of G. caffer and G. fastiditus will show that they are synonyms of G. azureus." 137844,Sulcophanaeus batesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sulcophanaeus,batesi,,,,,"(Harold, 1868)","This genus was recently revised by Edmonds (2000). According to the author, Sulcophanaeus is a Neotropical genus comprising five species groups (faunus, carnifex, auricollis, imperator and menelas). Currently, the genus presents 15 valid species and some infraspecific taxa." 137847,Onthophagus hemipygus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hemipygus,,,,,"Frey, 1964","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by ca. 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009). The taxonomic status of Onthophagus hemipygus requires clarification as it was described only from a female specimen, and females often lack the necessary diagnostic characters to reliably identify Onthophagus species." 137849,Thyregis tarsatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Thyregis,tarsatus,,,,,"Paulian, 1933","

The endemic Australian genus Thyregis Blackburn, 1904 comprises four described and one undescribed species (Matthews 1976, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012). Matthews (1976) considers Thyregis to be a relict genus and Thyregis relictus or a similar species to be ancestral to Coptodactyla. 

" 137852,Scybalocanthon nigellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalocanthon,nigellus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1922)","The genus Scybalocanthon Martínez (1948) is a small genus of dung beetle from Central and South America. It needs taxonomical revision and many of its species can not be securely identified at this moment. So far, Scybalocanthon has 18 described species." 137853,Ontherus irinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,irinus,,,,,"Balthasar, 1938","

The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastem Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus.

" 137855,Kolbeellus ateuchoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Kolbeellus,ateuchoides,,,,,"Lansberge, 1875",The genus Kolbeellus Jacobson 1906 is monotypic and restricted to South Africa. 137856,Onthophagus kangeanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,kangeanus,,,,,"Paulian, 1936","

The mega-diverse genus Onthophagus is distributed globally. It is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species (ScarabNet 2009). 

" 137859,Pedaria estellae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,estellae,,,,,"Josso & Prevost, 2006", 137861,Canthidium cavifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,cavifrons,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137866,Neosisyphus fortuitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Neosisyphus,fortuitus,,,,,"Peringuey, 1901",The genus Neosisyphus Müller 1942 shows a widespread distribution in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently represented by 22 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is in urgent need of revision. 137867,Canthidium viridicolle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,viridicolle,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1846)","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137871,Bdelyrus boliviensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,boliviensis,,,,,"Cook, 1998","The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137872,Canthidium abbreviatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,abbreviatum,,,,,"Harold, 1867","Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown. They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus. Canthidium abbreviatum belongs to a group of Atlantic Forest region species which requires review." 137878,Canthon zuninoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,zuninoi,,,,,"Rivera-Cervantes & Halffter, 1999","This Glaphyrocanthon belongs to the viridis group, very near to  C. (Gl.) meridionalis . The overlap in the distribution of several subspecies was the criterion used by Rivera-Cervantes and Halffter (1999) to reclassify C. zuninoi as a new species." 137879,Ateuchus laevicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,laevicollis,,,,,"(Harold, 1868)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 137880,Scarabaeus asceticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,asceticus,,,,,"Gillet, 1907","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2005): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Kheper that is represented in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (ScarabNet 2009)." 137883,Gymnopleurus aenescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,aenescens,,,,,"Wiedemann, 1821","The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 137889,Onthophagus onorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,onorei,,,,,"Zunino & Halffter, 1997","Onthophagus is a diverse and cosmopolitan genus, with approximately 2,000 species distributed worldwide. The great diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task." 137890,Onthophagus tricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,tricolor,,,,,"Boucomont, 1914","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009). The species Onthophagus tricolor currently is known from two populations and it is thought that they are not conspecific." 137891,Onthophagus vigens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,vigens,,,,,"Peringuey, 1901","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species belongs to Onthophagus group 17 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is dominated by species showing rain forest, highland grassland, or cooler climatic ranges and is widespread in the Afrotropical region." 137895,Onthophagus rugulipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,rugulipennis,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1887","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 31 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widely distributed throughout the savanna and highland grassland of the Afrotropical region and is equivalent to the Palaearctic and Oriental subgenus Furconthophagus Zunino 1959.

" 137899,Bdelyrus triangulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,triangulus,,,,,"Cook, 1998","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 137900,Pachysoma glentoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pachysoma,glentoni,,,,,"(Harrison & Scholtz & Chown, 2003)","The genus Pachysoma Macleay 1821 comprises thirteen flightless species with a combined range extending along the dry to arid coastal region in the southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is extremely closely related to Pachysoma hippocrates Macleay. Morphologically, the two species are virtually indistinguishable except by comparison of the aedeagi." 137901,Deltochilum rubripenne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,rubripenne,,,,,"Gory, 1831","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 137905,Onthophagus anisocerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,anisocerus,,,,,"Erichson, 1842","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 137906,Onthophagus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,mexicanus,,,,,"Bates, 1887", 137907,Allogymnopleurus histrio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Allogymnopleurus,histrio,,,,,"Balthasar, 1963",The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Allogymnopleurus Janssens 1940 is currently represented by 18 Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009). 137915,Uroxys monstrosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,monstrosus,,,,,"Balthasar, 1940","

Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.

" 137916,Canthidium manni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,manni,,,,,"Arrow, 1913","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe. According to literature data, this is a common and widespread species. However, there are some different “forms” among populations of this “species”. Thus, we cannot know its real situation without a taxonomic revision." 137918,Sylvicanthon obscurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sylvicanthon,obscurus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1920","

Sylvicanthon is known from South America, except Chile and Uruguay. Little taxonomic and biological information is available. Currently, it needs taxonomic revision.

" 137924,Onthophagus aureofuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,aureofuscus,,,,,"Bates, 1887", 137928,Pedaria dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,dentata,,,,,"Raffray, 1877", 137929,Catharsius bradshawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Catharsius,bradshawi,,,,,"Lansberge, 1887","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Catharsius Hope 1837 is currently represented by 80 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is probable that understanding of the genus, species, and their distributional ranges would benefit from a revision." 137934,Canthonella gomezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthonella,gomezi,,,,,"(Halffter & Martinez, 1968)","Canthonella was described by Chapin in 1930. Halffter and Martínez (1977) synonymized Ipselissus under Canthonella. There are currently very few species described from South America, but there are likely to be many more to be described." 137935,Onthophagus arai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,arai,,,,,"Masumoto, 1989","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species (ScarabNet 2009). The Oriental subgenus Indachorius includes about 30 species (ScarabNet 2009). The species of this subgenus are quite small onthophagines which are very similar to each other in external morphology and can be reliably identified only by male genitalia. The representatives of this subgenus feed on dung. Some of the species roll dung balls. The majority of the species of this subgenus is strictly localized to a particular habitat in primary tropical forests and likely displays high degree of endemism. Because of this fact and the lack of detailed study, this subgenus is in need of a revision." 137936,Ontherus virescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,virescens,,,,,"(Lucas, 1859)","

The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus.

" 137937,Dichotomius prietoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,prietoi,,,,,"Martinez & Martinez, 1982","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed.

" 137940,Allogymnopleurus thalassinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Allogymnopleurus,thalassinus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Allogymnopleurus Janssens 1940 is currently represented by 18 Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009). It is considered that Allogymnopleurus chloris (Klug 1855) is merely a shiny green colour variety of Allogymnopleurus thalassinus (Klug 1855), which comprises iridescent cupreous, green and blue varieties as well as a black variety." 137943,Ateuchus romani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,romani,,,,,"(Boucomont, 1927)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.
There is additional taxonomic uncertainty as the type series of this species may contain a number of different species, therefore making an accurate assessment of its extinction risk at present impossible." 137944,Lepanus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Lepanus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Macleay, 1888","The genus Lepanus Balthasar, 1966, as conceived by Matthews (1974) and subsequent workers is the most heterogeneous of the Australian Canthonini. It comprises 24 described and at least 60 undescribed species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm, G.B. Monteith pers. comm. and Gunter pers. comm. 2012). Lepanus pygmaeus as defined by Matthews (1974) is now known to be a complex of species. This assessment refers to what we now know is the true Lepanus pygmaeus." 137949,Gymnopleurus virens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,virens,,,,,"Erichson, 1843","

The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Gymnopleurus virens typically shows coarse punctuation on the prothoracic disc and has been recorded in Angola, Namibia, South Africa, and Ethiopia. Metallic green individuals with a distribution on the South African Highveld, in moist coastal regions (South Africa, Mozambique), and in Zimbabwe (Australian CSIRO 1970-1986, unpublished records), that show finer punctuation of the prothoracic disc, have been treated variously as a variety of G. virens or as an outlier occurrence of G. sericeifrons Fairmaire 1887. Gymnopleurus sericeifrons is otherwise located on uplands in east and northeast Africa. There are four synonyms for G. virens, all of which were described from untraceable or unspecified localities in east and northeast Africa.

" 137951,Scarabaeus bornemizzai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,bornemizzai,,,,,"Zur Strassen, 1980","

The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabaeus.

" 137954,Canthon virens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,virens,,,,,"Mannerheim, 1829","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137955,Metacatharsius transvaalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Metacatharsius,transvaalensis,,,,,"Balthasar, 1968","The genus Metacatharsius Paulian 1939 is predominantly restricted to the Afrotropical region where 62 species are currently considered valid (ScarabNet 2009). A single species, Metacatharsius inermis Castelnau, extends from the Afrotropical region across Arabia to the western edge of the Oriental Region in a Saharo-Sindian pattern of distribution." 137957,Onthophagus juvencus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,juvencus,,,,,"Klug, 1835","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 12 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the dry to moist savannas of the Afrotropical region, and is equivalent to the Palaearctic and Oriental subgenus, Trichonthophagus.

" 137958,Canthidium aterrimum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,aterrimum,,,,,"Harold, 1867","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 137959,Besourenga horacioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Besourenga,horacioi,,,,,"(Martínez, 1967)","

Besourenga (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini) was described by Vaz-de-Mello (2008). Currently, the genus represents approximately 25 species which are yet to be described. Four of which are distributed throughout Bolivia, Peru, Brazil and Paraguay. All species that compose the genus were originally described in Trichillum or Pedaridium.

" 137963,Onitis retrodentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,retrodentatus,,,,,"Gillet, 1932","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 19, which is centred in dry to moist savanna throughout the Afrotropical region and includes a number of known elephant dung specialists occurring on either deep sands or finer-grained soils (Ferreira 1978)." 137968,Anomiopus ataenioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,ataenioides,,,,,"(Martinez, 1952)","

The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137971,Euonthophagus maindroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euonthophagus,maindroni,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1897)",

The genus Euonthophagus Balthasar 1959 is represented in both the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. The Afrotropical taxa remain relatively poorly known and probably comprise rather more than the sixteen species currently listed as valid (A. Davis pers. comm. 2012).

137974,Canthon tetraodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,tetraodon,,,,,"Blanchard, 1846","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137976,Scarabaeus aegyptiorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,aegyptiorum,,,,,"Gerstaecker, 1871","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2005): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21, and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Kheper that is represented in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (ScarabNet 2009)." 137977,Pachysoma gariepinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pachysoma,gariepinus,,,,,"(Ferreira, 1953)","The genus Pachysoma Macleay 1821 comprises thirteen flightless species with a combined range extending along the dry to arid coastal region in the southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009)." 137979,Cryptocanthon medinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,medinae,,,,,"Cook, 2002","According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus of wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico." 137980,Isocopris tarsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Isocopris,tarsalis,,,,,"Luederwaldt, 1931","The genus Isocopris is currently represented by three species described, distributed among Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. So far, the specimens were recorded in Amazonian forest, Cerrado and Chacoan region. The genus is being revised by Fernando Vaz-de-Mello." 137982,Onthophagus babaulti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,babaulti,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1915","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species belongs to Onthophagus Group 4 (d'Orbigny 1913), which shows a distribution restricted to tropical east African highlands and cool temperate highlands of South Africa.

" 137984,Amphistomus complanatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Amphistomus,complanatus,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Amphistomus Lansberge, 1874 is found in Australia, New Guinea and Maluku (Moluccas) Archipelago. In Australia it comprises 18 described species and 8 undescribed species." 137985,Dichotomius podalirius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,podalirius,,,,,"(Felsche, 1901)","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed." 137986,Canthidium deplanatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,deplanatum,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 137990,Uroxys catharinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,catharinensis,,,,,"Balthasar, 1966","

Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.

 

" 137991,Pachysoma denticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pachysoma,denticollis,,,,,"(Peringuey, 1888)","

The genus Pachysoma Macleay 1821 comprises thirteen flightless species with a combined range extending along the dry to arid coastal region in the southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009).

" 137994,Onthophagus atrox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,atrox,,,,,"Harold, 1867","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138000,Pedaria criberrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,criberrima,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1890", 138001,Deltochilum guyanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,guyanense,,,,,"Paulian, 1933","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 138007,Catharsius oedipus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Catharsius,oedipus,,,,,"Felsche, 1907","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Catharsius Hope 1837 is currently represented by 80 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is probable that understanding of the genus, species, and their distributional ranges would benefit from a revision." 138008,Sisyphus natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sisyphus,natalensis,,,,,"Balthasar, 1968","The genus Sisyphus Latreille is biogeographically widespread across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a restricted occurrence in the Central American part of the Neotropical region. It is currently represented by 18 species in the Afrotropical region, but is in urgent need of revision. Sisyphus natalensis Balthasar currently remains a valid name but in the unpublished revision of Paschalidis (1974) it is cited as a synonym of Sisyphus sordidus Boheman 1857 described from Caffraria, an imprecise area centred on the modern province of KwaZulu-Natal and adjoining parts of the Eastern Cape. It needs to be compared with Sisyphus caffer Boheman 1857, also described from Caffraria. Both species are currently synonymised (Haaf 1955) with Sisyphus crispatus Gory, a name which has no validity as it comprises a species complex, according to the unpublished revision of Paschalidis (1974)." 138009,Canthon septemmaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,septemmaculatus,,,,,"Latreille, 1811","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138012,Monoplistes phanophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Monoplistes,phanophilus,,,,,"Lea, 1923","The endemic Australian genus Monoplistes Lansberge, 1874 comprises six described and two undescribed species." 138013,Temnoplectron disruptum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Temnoplectron,disruptum,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Temnoplectron Westwood, 1841 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 16 species  (Matthews 1974, Reid and Storey 2000, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138015,Dichotomius tristis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,tristis,,,,,"(Luederwaldt, 1924)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change.

" 138016,Aptenocanthon hopsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aptenocanthon,hopsoni,,,,,"(Carter, 1936)","

The flightless endemic Australian genus Aptenocanthon Matthews, 1974 currently comprises eight species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 138018,Canthidium glabricolle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,glabricolle,,,,,"Harold, 1867","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 138019,Paraphytus foveatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Paraphytus,foveatus,,,,,"Boucomont, 1923","

This Afro-Oriental genus comprises ca. 13 species, which are rare and poorly represented in collections (ScarabNet 2009). Some of them were recorded in rotten wood which suggest that they probably feed on soft rotten wood or may equally feed on fungi and microorganisms associated with rotten wood.

" 138020,Pedaria tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,tenebrosa,,,,,"Balthasar, 1937", 138030,Onthophagus trapezicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,trapezicornis,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1902","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 23 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the forest, savanna and upland grassland of the Afrotropical region.

" 138032,Onthophagus capelliformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,capelliformis,,,,,"Gillet, 1925","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138033,Gromphas amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gromphas,amazonica,,,,,"Bates, 1870","

The genus is endemic to South America and currently has five valid, described species. They are specialists of beaches (riverine and sea).  

" 138034,Scarabaeus ebenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,ebenus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. Depending on the authority, this species is assigned to the subgenus Scarabaeus or Scarabaeolus. The taxonomy of this species, its synonyms, and close relatives require revision as they may comprise a species complex. For instance records from South Africa (Ferreira 1972), suggest some confusion between coastally-distributed Scarabaeus ebenus with very sparse punctation on the prothoracic disc and Scarabaeus interstitialis Boheman 1857 from localities further inland with greater density of punctation on the prothoracic disc." 138041,Oxysternon pteroderum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Oxysternon,pteroderum,,,,,"Nevinson, 1892","

The genus Oxysternon was recently revised by Edmonds and Zídek (2004). Its consists approximately of 11 species that are distributed throughout tropical South America. The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera: (Oxysternon s. str. and Mioxysternon). According to Edmonds and Zídek (2004), Mioxysternon species occur along the periphery (or outside) of the Amazon Basin, while those of Oxysternon s. str. fill it.

Oxysternon pteroderum Nevison, 1892 has been considered a rare and endemic species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest (Arnaud 2002, Edmonds and Zidek 2004, França et al. 2012).

" 138043,Phanaeus sororibispinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phanaeus,sororibispinus,,,,,"Edmonds & Zidek, 2012","

The genus Phanaeus was revised by Edmonds (1994). Its species are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in Mexico. The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera (Notiophanaeus and Phanaeus s. str.).

" 138048,Onitis caffer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,caffer,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","

The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 7, which occupies a range in cooler regions found in the south and in tropical eastern highlands.

" 138050,Onthophagus weringerong,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,weringerong,,,,,"Storey & Weir, 1990","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138051,Proagoderus biarmatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,biarmatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1908)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992).

" 138053,Canthon sordidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,sordidus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138059,Onthophagus kirki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,kirki,,,,,"Frey, 1975","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species remains unassigned to a group.

" 138061,Canthon mutabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,mutabilis,,,,,"Lucas, 1857","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138063,Frankenbergerius forcipatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Frankenbergerius,forcipatus,,,,,"(Harold, 1880)","

The genus Frankenbergerius Balthasar, 1938 has been recently revalidated (Frolov and Scholtz 2005) after being in synonymy with the genus Coptorhina Hope 1830. It currently comprises seven species restricted to the eastern and southwest margins of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009).

" 138064,Trichillum cordobense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Trichillum,cordobense,,,,,"Vaz-de-Mello & Genier, 2005","According to Vaz-de-Mello (2008), Trichillum in the current sense is equivalent to 11 species distributed from Brazil, French Guyana, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, where it is always east of the Andes. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138065,Ateuchus ecuadorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,ecuadorensis,,,,,"(Boucomont, 1928)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138070,Pachysoma fitzsimonsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pachysoma,fitzsimonsi,,,,,"(Ferreira, 1953)","

The genus Pachysoma Macleay 1821 comprises thirteen flightless species with a combined range extending along the dry to arid coastal region in the southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009).

" 138071,Scarabaeus augias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,augias,,,,,"(Gillet, 1908)","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. Sceliages is restricted to the south central and south of the Afrotropical region and is specialized to breeding using the soft body contents of dead millipedes." 138072,Malagoniella argentina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Malagoniella,argentina,,,,,"(Gillet, 1911)","

The genus Malagoniella is distributed throughout the Neotropical region, except in Chile and the West Indies (Halffter & Martínez, 1966). However, the greater diversity of the group is found in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil (Halffter & Martínez, 1966). The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera: Malagoniella and Megathopomima.

" 138074,Scarabaeus subaeneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,subaeneus,,,,,"Harold, 1869","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2005): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively.  This species belongs to the subgenus Kheper that is represented in the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (ScarabNet 2009)." 138077,Onthophagus leanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,leanus,,,,,"Goidanich, 1926","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138086,Canthon vulcanoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,vulcanoae,,,,,"Pereira & Martinez, 1956","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138089,Canthidium metallicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,metallicum,,,,,"Harold, 1867","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138091,Onitis fulgidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,fulgidus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is classified in Onitis Group 17, which shows a widespread distribution in dry and moist savanna of the Afrotropical region. The group 17 species occupy distinct regional ranges but are difficult to separate leading to taxonomic confusion in the literature and, as a result, much erroneous distribution data." 138092,Cheironitis scabrosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cheironitis,scabrosus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1776)","

The genus Cheironitis Lansberge, 1875 is centred on the Palaearctic, western Oriental and Afrotropical regions, and is currently represented by eleven species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Cheironitis scabrosus (Fabricius, 1776) is extremely closely related to an undescribed species with which there may be some limited overlap in range. Only males of the two species may be differentiated using minor morphological differences on the middle tibia. 

" 138095,Copris fidius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,fidius,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)","The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009)." 138098,Deltochilum brasiliense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,brasiliense,,,,,"Castelnau, 1840","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 138103,Onitis monstrosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,monstrosus,,,,,"Felsche, 1910","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 10, which shows a widespread, mostly tropical distribution across the dry to moist savannas, forests and upland grassland of the Afrotropical region." 138104,Anomiopus soledari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,soledari,,,,,"Canhedo, 2004","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138120,Canthon angularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,angularis,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 138121,Onthophagus adelaidae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,adelaidae,,,,,"Hope, 1846","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138122,Byrrhidium convexum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Byrrhidium,convexum,,,,,"Scholtz & Howden, 1987",The genus Byrrhidium Harold 1869 is restricted to a small range in the arid southwest of the Afrotropical region where it currently comprises three flightless species (ScarabNet 2009). 138126,Pedaria conformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,conformis,,,,,"Peringuey, 1901", 138130,Onthophagus bicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bicornis,,,,,"Macleay, 1888","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138134,Pseudochironitis stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pseudochironitis,stuhlmanni,,,,,"Kolbe, 1897","The genus Pseudochironitis Ferreira 1977 is restricted to an intertropical range in the east of the Afrotropical region where it is represented by only two species." 138136,Deltochilum peruanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,peruanum,,,,,"Paulian, 1938","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 138139,Onthophagus stigmosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,stigmosus,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1902","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas that are found in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australiasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 10 (d’Orbigny 1913), which shows a wide distribution in the savannas of the Afrotropical region. A taxonomic revision is required to determine the taxonomic status of citations for Onthophagus stigmosus from southern versus east Africa.

" 138140,Catharsius brittoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Catharsius,brittoni,,,,,"Ferreira, 1963","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Catharsius Hope 1837 is currently represented by 80 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is probable that understanding of the genus, species, and their distributional ranges would benefit from a revision." 138148,Onthophagus tweedensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,tweedensis,,,,,"Blackburn, 1903","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 138150,Dichotomius calcaratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,calcaratus,,,,,"Arrow, 1913","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greatest diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change.


NOTE:

D. calcaratus is in the process of being synonymised with D. mamillatus. Therefore, the older synonym mamillatus and data referring to this is being used. Revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello in prep.



" 138151,Scarabaeus caffer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,caffer,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","

The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabaeus.

" 138153,Hansreia affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Hansreia,affinis,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1801)",This genus presents only one species described (Hansreia affinis). 138154,Uroxys angulicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,angulicollis,,,,,"(Boheman, 1858)","Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. " 138155,Onthophagus hageni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hageni,,,,,"Lansberge, 1883","

The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by ca. 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009).

" 138156,Neosisyphus kuhni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Neosisyphus,kuhni,,,,,"Haaf, 1955",The genus Neosisyphus Müller 1942 shows a widespread distribution in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently represented by 22 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is in urgent need of revision. 138158,Proagoderus versus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,versus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1913)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992). This species was described from a single female collected in Ethiopia and, subsequent to having been synonymised with a Somalian-centred species, P. revoili van Lansberge, it was re-validated by Palestrini (1992) using extra non-type material from a single untraceable locality in Kenya.

" 138159,Onthophagus probus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,probus,,,,,"Peringuey, 1901","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 20 (d’Orbigny 1913), which occupies a range restricted to the arid southwest of Africa and the southern edge of the Sahara Desert from west to northeast Africa. It is sometimes confused with a close relative that is distributed across the deep sands of the southern Kalahari Basin." 138161,Cryptocanthon altus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,altus,,,,,"Howden, 1976","According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus with wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico. Some species are flightless." 138163,Uroxys dilaticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,dilaticollis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1846)","

Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.

" 138167,Canthidium guyanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,guyanense,,,,,"Boucomont, 1928","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.This species is very close to others, so miss-identification is a problem.

" 138172,Onthophagus fritschi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,fritschi,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1902","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 31 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widely distributed throughout the savanna and highland grassland of the Afrotropical region and is equivalent to the Palaearctic and Oriental subgenus Furconthophagus." 138173,Scatimus simulator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scatimus,simulator,,,,,"Martinez, 1988","The genus Scatimus was recently revised by Génier and Kohlmann (2003). According to the authors, Scatimus is a small genus, containing only twelve described species, of which little taxonomic and biological information is available. Its species are distributed across Mexico, Peru and Brazil." 138178,Onoreidium howdeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onoreidium,howdeni,,,,,"(Ferreira & Galileo, 1993)","The genus Onoreidium was described and positioned in the subtribe Scatimina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini) by Vaz-de-Mello (2008). Its present four species that are distributed throughout Ecuador, northern Peru, and Panama, comprising the Arid Ecuador and Tumbes-Piura in the Northwerstern South American dominion, and Eastern Central America. The species that compose the genus were originally described in Trichillum or Pedaridium." 138179,Onthophagus undulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,undulans,,,,,"Bates, 1887","This species has two subspecies, O. undulans undulans and O. undulans oaxacanus (according to Zunino and Hallfter 1988)." 138181,Canthon orfilai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,orfilai,,,,,"Martinez, 1949","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138185,Scarabaeus xavieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,xavieri,,,,,"Ferreira, 1968","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and 7 species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabeolus, which is primarily restricted to Africa. Scarabaeus xavieri Ferreira 1968 is probably a junior synonym of Scarabaeus andreaei zur Strassen 1963. The species recently cited as Scarabaeus xavieri Ferreira by van Rensburg et al. (1999), Botes et al. (2006) and Jacobs et al. (2010) is an undescribed species." 138188,Pedaria hanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,hanae,,,,,"Balthasar, 1963", 138191,Onthophagus kanarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,kanarensis,,,,,"Arrow, 1931",

The mega-diverse genus Onthophagus is distributed globally.  Onthophagus is a genus of the Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.  It is currently represented by approximately 2000 species (ScarabNet 2009). The Afro-Oriental subgenus Parascatonomus includes approximately 50 species. The majority of them feed on carrion.

138194,Onitis kingstoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,kingstoni,,,,,"Krikken, 1977","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is classified in Onitis Group 17, which shows a widespread distribution in dry and moist savanna of the Afrotropical region. The group 17 species occupy distinct regional ranges but are difficult to separate leading to taxonomic confusion in the literature and, as a result, much erroneous distribution data." 138197,Onthophagus amphioxus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,amphioxus,,,,,"Arrow, 1933","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009), of which around 500 species occur in the Oriental region. The Oriental subgenus Colobonthophagus includes about 30 species (ScarabNet 2009)." 138198,Dichotomius punctulatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,punctulatipennis,,,,,"(Luederwaldt, 1930)","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed." 138202,Coprophanaeus rigoutorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coprophanaeus,rigoutorum,,,,,"Arnaud, 2002","

According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff (1924) is currently represented by 38 species, distributed among three subgenera (Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff, Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff, and Coprophanaeus s. str.) and eight species groups. According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), C. rigoutorum can be near, or perhaps synonym to C. cyanescens. Thus, the authors consider the status of C. rigoutorum uncertain.

" 138203,Temnoplectron subvolitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Temnoplectron,subvolitans,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Temnoplectron Westwood, 1841 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 16 species (Matthews 1974, Reid and Storey 2000, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138206,Ateuchus contractus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,contractus,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1939)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138208,Onthophagus fuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,fuscus,,,,,"Zunino & Halffter, 2005", 138216,Aptenocanthon winyar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aptenocanthon,winyar,,,,,"Storey & Monteith, 2000","

The flightless endemic Australian genus Aptenocanthon Matthews, 1974 currently comprises eight species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 138217,Onthophagus hyalcyon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hyalcyon,,,,,"Palestrini & Giacone, 1989","A new subgenus of Onthophagus Latreille 1802 was recently created for O. hyalcyon and allied species, which were transferred from Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883, a taxon that is variously cited as having subgeneric or generic status. Since its creation, the subgenus, Hyalonthophagus Palestrini & Giacone 1989, has also often been cited as having generic status. Whether cited as a genus or subgenus, it is restricted to the Afrotropical region where it currently comprises ten very closely related species. Owing to the extremely close relationships, a review of the taxonomy within this genus is recommended." 138218,Pedaria insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,insularis,,,,,"Kolbe, 1914", 138219,Anomiopus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,gracilis,,,,,"Canhedo, 2006","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138223,Canthidium nitidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,nitidum,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1846)","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.
Canthidium nitidum needs taxonomic study, since it may potentially be a synonym of C. angulicolle." 138227,Gyronotus dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gyronotus,dispar,,,,,"(Felsche, 1911)","The genus Gyronotus Lansberge, 1874 is a flightless genus, currently comprising six species that are restricted to forest patches on the east coast of the Afrotropical region from Kenya to South Africa (ScarabNet 2009)." 138235,Anomiopus lacordairei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,lacordairei,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1891)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138238,Anomiopus virescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,virescens,,,,,"(Westwood, 1842)","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138239,Dichotomius fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,fallax,,,,,"(Harold, 1880)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout the Americas. However, the greatest diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change.


NOTE: Different species mixed up in type series - taxonomically DD until resolved.

" 138244,Catharsius calaharicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Catharsius,calaharicus,,,,,"Kolbe, 1893","The Oriental and Afrotropical genus Catharsius Hope 1837 is currently represented by 80 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is probable that understanding of the genus, species, and their distributional ranges would benefit from a revision." 138245,Ateuchus puncticolle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,puncticolle,,,,,"(Harold, 1867)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138246,Canthidium opacum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,opacum,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 138247,Scybalophagus patagonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalophagus,patagonicus,,,,,"Martínez, 1953","Scybalophagus consists of five species that are distributed throughout Argentina, Peru, Chile and Bolívia. Its specimens are recognized by the following characters: mesotibia and metatibia with transverse carinae; head not elongate and dorsum monocolored." 138249,Canthidium haagi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,haagi,,,,,"Harold, 1867","Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138250,Scarabaeus deludens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,deludens,,,,,"Zur Strassen, 1961","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabaeus." 138252,Cryptocanthon foveatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,foveatus,,,,,"Cook, 2002","

According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus with wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico. Some species are flightless.

" 138255,Epirinus comosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Epirinus,comosus,,,,,"Péringuey, 1901",The genus Epirinus currently comprises 29 species with a combined distribution restricted primarily to the coolest climates of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). 138256,Tesserodoniella elguetai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Tesserodoniella,elguetai,,,,,"Vaz-de-Mello & Halffter, 2006","Tesserodoniella was described by Vaz-de-Mello and Halffter (2006). It presents two, flightless described species (Tesserodoniella elguetai Vaz-de-Mello and Halffter and Tesserodoniellameridionalis Vaz-de-Mello and Halffter)." 138258,Canthon lunatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,lunatus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1922","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. This species assessment refers to two subspecies: Canthon lunatus lunatus and Canthon lunatus tibialis. 

" 138261,Canthon janthinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,janthinus,,,,,"Blanchard, 1843","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 138264,Scybalocanthon sexspilotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalocanthon,sexspilotus,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1855)","The genus Scybalocanthon Martínez (1948) is a small genus of dung beetle from Central and South America. It needs taxonomical revision and many of its species can not be securely identified at this moment. So far, Scybalocanthon has 18 described species." 138265,Metacatharsius inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Metacatharsius,inermis,,,,,"Castelnau, 1840","The genus Metacatharsius Paulian 1939 is predominantly restricted to the Afrotropical region where 62 species are currently considered valid (ScarabNet 2009). A single species, Metacatharsius inermis Castelnau, extends from the Afrotropical region across Arabia to the western edge of the Oriental Region in a Saharo-Sindian pattern of distribution." 138268,Onthophagus rhinocerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,rhinocerus,,,,,"Gomes Alves, 1944","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species remains unassigned to a group." 138269,Canthon pacificus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,pacificus,,,,,"Rivera-Cervantes & Halffter, 1999","Canthon pacificus belongs to the virids group, and is very near to C. (Gl.) corporali (Rivera-Cervantes and Halffter, 1999)." 138270,Cephalodesmius laticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cephalodesmius,laticollis,,,,,"Pascoe, 1863","The flightless endemic Australian genus Cephalodesmius Westwood, 1841 comprises three described and one undescribed species (Matthews 1974, Monteith and Storey 1981, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138271,Onthophagus tenebrosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,tenebrosus,,,,,"Harold, 1871","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 138273,Euoniticellus kawanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euoniticellus,kawanus,,,,,"Janssens, 1939","The genus Euoniticellus is centred on the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, with representatives in the Oriental region and one species on Caribbean islands. It currently comprises some fourteen valid Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009). Owing to the forest type locality of this species and the savanna associations of most of the locality records, a comparison between the type and other material might be advisable to ensure taxonomic accuracy." 138275,Copris complexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,complexus,,,,,"Nguyen-phung, 1989","The genus Copris Muller 1764 shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Copris complexus belongs to a group of species allied to Copris orion Klug 1835, which show primarily inter-tropical distributions." 138276,Cryptocanthon bochilae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,bochilae,,,,,"Cook, 2002", 138278,Eodrepanus parallelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Eodrepanus,parallelus,,,,,"(Raffray, 1877)","

Eodrepanus parallelus (Raffray, 1877) has recently been transferred from the genus Drepanocerus Kirby 1828 to the new genus Eodrepanus Barbero, Pallestrini & Roggero, 2009. Eodrepanus is represented in both the Afrotropical and Oriental regions with five species found in the Afrotropical region currently considered valid. Eodrepanus parallelus (Raffray, 1877) is often confused with a close relative Eodrepanus fastiditus (Péringuey, 1901).

" 138279,Pedaria granulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,granulosa,,,,,"Ferreira, 1962", 138286,Proagoderus sapphirinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,sapphirinus,,,,,"(Fahraeus, 1857)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992). Because of the species name, it seems doubtful that this species with an inexact type locality from the margins of the River Limpopo is representative of Kalahari populations that are usually metallic green with a yellow sheen, although these are sympatric with a few metallic green individuals with a blue sheen at Nylsvlei in central Limpopo Province, South Africa (A. Davis pers. obs.). These green / blue individuals appear relatively indistinguishable from P. aureiceps Harold. This species occurs in open vegetation on the east coastal sands of northeast South Africa and Mozambique and is also usually metallic green with a blue sheen. Its type locality is Delagoa Bay in southern Mozambique. The status as separate species of differently coloured eastern and central to western populations needs to be reviewed. In a previous review, both P. sapphirinus and P. aureiceps were shown with roughly sympatric distributions from west to east across Southern Africa (Palestrini 1992). 

For the purpose of this assessment, the species is taken to be represented by the green / yellow colour variety that occurs in the dry southern Kalahari basin of central southern Africa and in outlier islands of deep sands to the north and east of the Kalahari where it overlaps with green / blue individuals that seem indistinguishable from the east coastal P. aureiceps.

" 138287,Anomiopus caputipilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomiopus,caputipilus,,,,,"Canhedo, 2004","The genus is exclusively Neotropical and most species occur in South America (Canhedo 2006). The group was reviewed by Canhedo in 2006. However, ten new species were described by the same author in 2004 parallel to the process of publication of taxonomic revision, so that the works that complement the taxonomic revision were published even before the own revision of the genus (Canhedo 2004a, 2004b, 2006). After the publication of these papers the genus now includes 58 species. Although there is a taxonomic revision with a relatively recent identification key for the genus, it still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 138289,Onthophagus binyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,binyana,,,,,"Storey & Weir, 1990","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138291,Onthophagus yungaburra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,yungaburra,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 138292,Onthophagus rufescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,rufescens,,,,,"Bates, 1887", 138293,Odontoloma obscurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Odontoloma,obscurum,,,,,"Howden & Scholtz, 1987","The genus Odontoloma Boheman 1857 is restricted to the Afrotropical region where most of the twenty species currently considered valid show southerly centres of distribution (ScarabNet 2009). Owing to the very small body size and great similarity in appearance between most species, the taxonomy of this genus is difficult and requires revision." 138294,Copris warneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,warneri,,,,,"Mccleve & Kohlmann, 2005", 138297,Copris armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,armatus,,,,,"Harold, 1869",This species belongs to the armatus complex (Matthews 1961). 138298,Canthidium viridiobscurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,viridiobscurum,,,,,"Boucomont, 1928","

Canthidium is a diverse genus, distributed from the United States to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems (Martínez and Halffter 1986). In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe.

" 138299,Copris armiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,armiger,,,,,"Gillet, 1910","

The genus Copris Muller 1764 shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009).

" 138301,Latodrepanus laticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Latodrepanus,laticollis,,,,,"(Fahraeus, 1857)","Latodrepanus laticollis has been recently transferred from Drepanocerus Kirby, 1828 to a newly described genus, Latodrepanus Krikken, 2009. It is represented only in the Afrotropical region where four species are currently considered valid." 138302,Canthon deplanatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,deplanatus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 138311,Malagoniella chalybaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Malagoniella,chalybaea,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1846)","

The genus Malagoniella is distributed throughout the Neotropical region, except in Chile and the West Indies (Halffter & Martínez, 1966). However, the greater diversity of the group is found in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and southern Brazil (Halffter & Martínez, 1966). The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera: Malagoniella and Megathopomima.

 

" 138313,Onthophagus laminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,laminatus,,,,,"Macleay, 1864","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138314,Euoniticellus inaequalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euoniticellus,inaequalis,,,,,"(Reiche, 1850)","The genus Euoniticellus is centred on the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, with representatives in the Oriental region and one species on Caribbean islands. It currently comprises some fourteen valid Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009)." 138315,Cryptocanthon lobatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,lobatus,,,,,"Howden, 1973", 138316,Tesserodon pilicrepus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Tesserodon,pilicrepus,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Tesserodon Hope, 1837 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprise 13 species (Matthews 1974, Storey 1991, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138320,Canthon triangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,triangularis,,,,,"(Drury, 1770)","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138321,Sulcophanaeus columbi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sulcophanaeus,columbi,,,,,"Macleay, 1819","This genus was recently revised by Edmonds (2000). According to the author, Sulcophanaeus is a Neotropical genus comprising five species groups (faunus, carnifex, auricollis, imperator and menelas). Currently, the genus presents 15 valid species and some infraspecific taxa." 138322,Onthophagus gajo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,gajo,,,,,"Krikken, 1977","

The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by ca. 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009).

" 138325,Onitis adelphus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,adelphus,,,,,"Kolbe, 1914","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 3, which is widespread throughout the savannas and forests of Africa." 138326,Onitis aerarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,aerarius,,,,,"Harold, 1878","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is classified in Onitis Group 17, which shows a widespread distribution in dry and moist savanna of the Afrotropical region. The group 17 species occupy distinct regional ranges but are difficult to separate leading to taxonomic confusion in the literature and, as a result, much erroneous distribution data." 138327,Phanaeus prasinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phanaeus,prasinus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

The genus Phanaeus was revised by Edmonds (1994). Its species are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in Mexico. The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera (Notiophanaeus and Phanaeus s. str.). 

Phanaeus prasinus in particular, has four different morpho-types. According to Arnauld (2002), these morpho-types correspond to four subspecies (P. prasinus prasinus Harold; P. prasinus lugens Nevinson; P. prasinus jolyi Nevinson and P. prasinus trinidadensis Arnauld).

" 138329,Euoniticellus perniger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euoniticellus,perniger,,,,,"Cambefort & Mauchamps, 1980","The genus Euoniticellus is centred on the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, with representatives in the Oriental region and one species on Caribbean islands. It currently comprises some fourteen valid Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009)." 138332,Dichotomius problematicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,problematicus,,,,,"(Luederwaldt, 1924)","

The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: (Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia). Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus can be changed.

For this species specifically, ongoing revision may suggest that this is indeed a sub-species, so that taxonomic verification is likely to change the current assessment.

" 138334,Gymnopleurus humanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,humanus,,,,,"Macleay, 1821","

The genus Gymnopleurus Illiger, 1803 shows a range in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is currently represented by 33 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). The taxonomy of G. humanus has been recently reviewed. It was re-established that cupreous specimens from Angola, described under different names (G. modestus Lansberge, 1886; G. sericatus Erichson, 1843), were indeed synonyms of blue individuals described from South Africa as G. humanus (Davis and Génier 2007). Individuals described from the northeast savannas were removed from synonymy with G. humanus under the revalidated species name of G. humeralis Klug, 1855 (Davis and Génier 2007).

" 138336,Onthophagus histeriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,histeriformis,,,,,"Boucomont, 1914","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by ca. 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 138338,Sylvicanthon bridarollii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sylvicanthon,bridarollii,,,,,"Martinez, 1949","

Sylvicanthon is known from South America, except Chile and Uruguay. Little taxonomic and biological information is available. Currently, it needs taxonomic revision.

" 138343,Bdelyropsis newtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyropsis,newtoni,,,,,"Howden, 1971","Bdelyropsis is a genus which was formed for three species, two from Mexico and Central America and one from South America." 138344,Proagoderus quadrituber,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,quadrituber,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1908)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992).

" 138345,Onthophagus carinulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,carinulatus,,,,,"Harold, 1877","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by  approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 138352,Diorygopyx niger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Diorygopyx,niger,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The flightless endemic genus Diorygopyx Matthews, 1974 comprises 8 species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138354,Dichotomius eucranioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,eucranioides,,,,,"Pereira & Andretta, 1955","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change." 138355,Cryptocanthon otonga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,otonga,,,,,"Cook, 2002","

According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus of wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico.

" 138356,Onthophagus yaran,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,yaran,,,,,"Storey & Weir, 1990","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138359,Proagoderus uluguru,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,uluguru,,,,,"(Frey, 1975)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992).

" 138363,Onthophagus punthari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,punthari,,,,,"Storey, 1977","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138365,Lepanus bidentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Lepanus,bidentatus,,,,,"Wilson, 1922","The genus Lepanus Balthasar, 1966, as conceived by Matthews (1974) and subsequent workers is the most heterogeneous of the Australian Canthonini. It comprises 24 described and at least 60 undescribed species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm, G.B. Monteith pers. comm. and Gunter pers. comm. 2012). Lepanus bidentatus as defined by Matthews (1974) is now known to consist of two species - Lepanus bidentatus and an undescribed species. This assessment refers to the true Lepanus bidentatus." 138370,Onthophagus neostenocerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,neostenocerus,,,,,"Goidanich, 1926","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138371,Sisyphus caffer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sisyphus,caffer,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","

The genus Sisyphus Latreille is biogeographically widespread across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a restricted occurrence in the Central American part of the Neotropical region. It is currently represented by 18 species in the Afrotropical region, but is in urgent need of revision. Along with four other species, Sisyphus caffer is currently still officially synonymised (Haaf 1955) with Sisyphus crispatus Gory 1833, a species whose type has not been seen since 1900 and whose identity is not verifiable using the description (Paschalidis 1974). However, Schoolmeesters (2011) lists Sisyphus caffer Boheman 1857 as a valid species with Sisyphus pygmaeus Klug 1862 and Sisyphus sordidus Boheman 1857 listed as synonyms and Sisyphus caffer goryi Harold 1859 as an infraspecific taxon. The latter two taxa are considered valid species by Paschalidis (1974).

" 138372,Pedaridium hirsutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaridium,hirsutum,,,,,"(Harold, 1859)","According to Vaz-de-Mello (2008), the genus Pedaridium is monotypic. However, it contains at least one undescribed species currently under study, in addition to the type species. It is present only in the Eastern Parana subregion, in the Parana Forest and Araucaria angustifolia Forest provinces." 138373,Ontherus obliquus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,obliquus,,,,,"Génier, 1996","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 138374,Scatimus pacificus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scatimus,pacificus,,,,,"Genier & Kohlmann, 2003","The genus Scatimus was recently revised by Génier and Kohlmann (2003). According to the authors, Scatimus is a small genus, containing only twelve described species, of which little taxonomic and biological information is available. Its species are distributed across Mexico, Peru and Brazil." 138375,Neosisyphus mirabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Neosisyphus,mirabilis,,,,,"Arrow, 1927","The genus Neosisyphus Müller 1942 shows a widespread distribution in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently represented by 22 species in the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). It is in urgent need of revision. This species, however, is highly distinctive due to its highly spinose legs." 138376,Macroderes undulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Macroderes,undulatus,,,,,"Preudhomme de Borre, 1880","

The genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 is restricted to the winter and bimodal rainfall regions on the west and southern coastal regions of South Africa where it is currently represented by fourteen valid flightless species and three with poor support (ScarabNet 2009). This species is known only by 21 female specimens, 14 from a single locality. There is some morphological variability but all are currently classified as Macroderes undulatus pending a study of male specimens.

" 138378,Copris fallaciosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,fallaciosus,,,,,"Gillet, 1907","The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). Material formerly considered to represent Copris fallaciosus was recently divided (Nguyen Phung 1988) into two closely related species, Copris denticulatus Nguyen Phung, 1988 and Copris fallaciosus Gillet, 1907, which is a nomen novum for the pre-occupied species name of Copris integer Harold, 1869. Other preceding names relate to type series containing more than one species (Copris lunarioides Waterhouse, 1891, Copris laticornis Péringuey, 1901)." 138379,Onthophagus chepara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,chepara,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138380,Canthidium andersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,andersoni,,,,,"Kohlmann & Solis, 2006",There are about 130 species of Canthidium described in tropical and subtropical forests of Central America and South America. Martínez and Halffter (1986) separated the genus into two subgenera: Canthidium and Eucanthidium. Canthidium andersoni belongs to subgenus Eucanthidium. 138384,Onthophagus beesoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,beesoni,,,,,"Arrow, 1931","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide, of which about 500 species occur in the Oriental region (ScarabNet 2009). This species is closely related to the representatives of the subgenus Gibbonthophagus." 138385,Onthophagus compressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,compressus,,,,,"Guerin-Meneville, 1855","Onthophagus is a diverse and cosmopolitan genus, with approximately 2,000 species distributed worldwide. The great diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task." 138386,Sulcophanaeus auricollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sulcophanaeus,auricollis,,,,,"(Harold, 1880)","This genus was recently revised by Edmonds (2000). According to the author, Sulcophanaeus is a Neotropical genus comprising five species groups (faunus, carnifex, auricollis, imperator and menelas). Currently, the genus presents 15 valid species and some infraspecific taxa. This assessment is based on the two subspecies Sulcophanaeus auricollis auricollis (Harold 1980) and Sulcophanaeus auricollis joffrei (Martinez 1988)." 138391,Canthon formosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,formosus,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 138392,Uroxys rugatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,rugatus,,,,,"Boucomont, 1928","

Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task.

" 138393,Euoniticellus nasicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euoniticellus,nasicornis,,,,,"(Reiche, 1849)","

The genus Euoniticellus is centred on the Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions, with representatives in the Oriental region and one species on Caribbean islands. It currently comprises some fourteen valid Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009). Euoniticellus nasicornis is sometimes confused with its very widespread relative E. intermedius (Reiche, 1848).

" 138395,Onthophagus queenslandicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,queenslandicus,,,,,"Blackburn, 1903","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138396,Onthophagus kyleensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,kyleensis,,,,,"Frey, 1975","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species remains unassigned to a group.

" 138399,Bdelyrus leptomerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,leptomerus,,,,,"Cook, 1998","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 138404,Monoplistes tropicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Monoplistes,tropicus,,,,,"Lea, 1923","The endemic Australian genus Monoplistes Lansberge, 1874 comprises six described and two undescribed species." 138405,Xinidium davisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Xinidium,davisi,,,,,"Cambefort, 1985",The genus Xinidium Harold 1869 shows a distribution restricted to moist highland grassland of southeast Africa and currently comprises three species. 138406,Diastellopalpus infernalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Diastellopalpus,infernalis,,,,,"(Lansberge, 1887)","

The genus Diastellopalpus Lansberge, 1886 is restricted to intertropical parts of the Afrotropical region and currently comprises 32 described species (Josso and Prévost 2000), most of which show montane or rainforest distributions (Davis and Scholtz 2010).

" 138407,Canthon subhyalinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,subhyalinus,,,,,"Harold, 1867","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138408,Copris fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,fallax,,,,,"Felsche, 1910","

The genus Copris shows widespread biogeographical occurrence across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and northern part of the Neotropical regions, with a current total of 105 species known from the Afrotropical region (ScarabNet 2009). The taxonomic status of this species requires validation. Citations for its origin and collector suggest that its distributional range could lie in either southern or east Africa. As Felsche (1910) discusses this species as similar in appearance to Litocopris but not in that genus, it should, perhaps, be compared with the east African species, Copris diversus Waterhouse, 1891. 

" 138409,Pedaria juhellegrandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,juhellegrandi,,,,,"Josso & Prevost, 2003", 138411,Onthophagus rugosicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,rugosicollis,,,,,"Gillet, 1925","

The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012).

" 138414,Canthon sericatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,sericatus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1922","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 138416,Scarabaeus ambiguus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,ambiguus,,,,,"Boheman, 1857","

The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabaeus.

" 138421,Scatimus onorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scatimus,onorei,,,,,"Genier & Kohlmann, 2003","The genus Scatimus was recently revised by Génier and Kohlmann (2003). According to the authors, Scatimus is a small genus, containing only twelve described species, of which little taxonomic and biological information is available. Its species are distributed across Mexico, Peru and Brazil." 138423,Onitis keniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,keniensis,,,,,"Gillet, 1933","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 10, which shows a widespread, mostly tropical distribution across the dry to moist savannas, forests and upland grassland of the Afrotropical region." 138424,Onthophagus citreum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,citreum,,,,,"Boucomont, 1919","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 138429,Onthophagus xanthomerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,xanthomerus,,,,,"Bates, 1887","Onthophagus is a diverse and cosmopolitan genus, with approximately 2,000 species distributed worldwide. The great diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task." 138432,Onthophagus iyengari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,iyengari,,,,,"Arrow, 1931","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by ca. 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 138444,Monoplistes occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Monoplistes,occidentalis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1888)","The endemic Australian genus Monoplistes Lansberge, 1874 comprises six described and two undescribed species." 138446,Odontoloma louwi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Odontoloma,louwi,,,,,"Howden & Scholtz, 1987","The genus Odontoloma Boheman 1857 is restricted to the Afrotropical region where most of the twenty species currently considered valid show southerly centres of distribution (ScarabNet 2009). Owing to the very small body size and great similarity in appearance between most species, the taxonomy of this genus is difficult and requires revision." 138447,Afrodrepanus marshalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Afrodrepanus,marshalli,,,,,"(Boucomont, 1921)","This species has been recently transferred from Drepanocerus Kirby, 1828 to a newly described genus, Afrodrepanus Krikken, 2009. It is represented only in the Afrotropical region where two species are currently considered valid." 138451,Deltochilum violetae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Deltochilum,violetae,,,,,"(Martínez, 1991)","Deltochilum was described in 1822 by Eschscholtz. The main diagnostic characteristic is the presence of short carinae or tubercles at the apex of some elitral interstriae. The genus is composed by eight subgenera: Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Calhyboma Kolbe, 1893; Deltochilum s. str.; Deltohyboma Lane, 1946; Euhyboma Kolbe, 1983; Hybomidium Shipp, 1897; Parahyboma Paulian, 1938; Rubrohyboma Paulian, 1938." 138452,Paracanthon trichonotulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Paracanthon,trichonotulus,,,,,"Balthasar, 1938","Paracanthon comprises only four species which are distributed throughout the Atlantic forest of south and southeastern Brazil. Its species are usually recorded in elevated areas above 1,000 m. Currently, this genus needs taxonomic revision." 138454,Onthophagus obtusicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,obtusicornis,,,,,"Fahraeus, 1857","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 16 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in forest, savanna and grassland of the Afrotropical region." 138468,Proagoderus atriclaviger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,atriclaviger,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1905)","

The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992).

" 138470,Onthophagus parumnotatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,parumnotatus,,,,,"Fahraeus, 1857","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 16 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in forest, savanna and grassland of the Afrotropical region." 138473,Onthophagus praedatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,praedatus,,,,,"Harold, 1862","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 138477,Onthophagus jugicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,jugicola,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1902","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 10 (d’Orbigny 1913), which shows a wide distribution in the savannas of the Afrotropical region." 138480,Bdelyrus iquitosensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bdelyrus,iquitosensis,,,,,"Cook, 2000","

The group was reviewed by Cook in 1998. According to Cook (1998), Bdelyrus is endemic in tropical America and is widespread throughout this region, ranging from Nicaragua to southern Brazil and occurring in humid forest at elevations between 10 and 1,800 m. Adults have been found in detritus accumulated in reservoirs of both terrestrial and arboreal bromeliads. Species of this group are recorded in dung-baited pitfall traps, carrion-baited pitfall traps, wet forest litter, and flowers of Heliconia (Cook 1998).

" 138485,Lepanus villosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Lepanus,villosus,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","The genus Lepanus Balthasar, 1966, as conceived by Matthews (1974) and subsequent workers is the most heterogeneous of the Australian Canthonini. It comprises 24 described and at least 60 undescribed species (Matthews 1974, Weir pers. comm, Monteith pers. comm. and Gunter pers. comm.)." 138486,Demarziella tropicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Demarziella,tropicalis,,,,,"Matthews, 1976","The endemic Australian genus Demarziella Balthasar, 1961 comprises 14 described and two undescribed species (Matthews 1976, Matthews 1986, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138490,Homocopris torulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Homocopris,torulosus,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1822)","Homocopris was recently revalidated by Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2010. The genus presents three valid species and currently is being reviewed." 138492,Epirinus validus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Epirinus,validus,,,,,"Péringuey, 1901",

The genus Epirinus currently comprises 29 species with a combined distribution restricted primarily to the coolest climates of South Africa (ScarabNet 2009). Epirinus validus and E. sulcipennis Boheman are the largest-bodied of the Epirinus species.

138496,Canthon daguerrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,daguerrei,,,,,"Martinez, 1951","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically well known.

" 138497,Onthophagus spathatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,spathatus,,,,,"Boucomont, 1914","The mega-diverse subcosmopolitan genus Onthophagus is currently represented by approximately 2,000 species worldwide (ScarabNet 2009)." 138498,Onthophagus ferrari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,ferrari,,,,,"Matthews, 1972","The cosmopolitan genus Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 is the largest of the Australian dung beetle fauna and comprises 193 described and 41 undescribed species (Matthews 1972, Storey 1977, Storey and Weir 1990, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138499,Lepanus ustulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Lepanus,ustulatus,,,,,"Lansberge, 1874","The genus Lepanus Balthasar, 1966, as conceived by Matthews (1974) and subsequent workers is the most heterogeneous of the Australian Canthonini. It comprises 24 described and at least 60 undescribed species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm, G.B. Monteith pers. comm. and Gunter pers. comm. 2012). Lepanus ustulatus as recognised by Matthews (1974) is now known to consist of two species. The northern populations represent a new species while the southern populations represent the true Lepanus ustulatus. This assessment is based on the true Lepanus ustulatus." 138500,Uroxys latesulcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Uroxys,latesulcatus,,,,,"Bates, 1891","Uroxys presents about 60 valid species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task." 138501,Dendropaemon crenatostriatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dendropaemon,crenatostriatus,,,,,"Felsche, 1909","The genus is currently being reviewed by Patrick Arnaud and François Génier. Therefore, it is not safe now to report data on the number of species or internal structure of the genus. The species of Dendropaemon are restricted to South America, except Chile." 138505,Onitis laminosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,laminosus,,,,,"Ferreira, 1976","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 18, which is widespread throughout lowland to upland drier savannas of the Afrotropical region on both deep sands and finer-grained soils." 138506,Canthon rubrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,rubrescens,,,,,"Blanchard, 1846","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. The genus is taxonomically relatively well known.

" 138509,Cheironitis audens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cheironitis,audens,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1901)","The genus Cheironitis van Lansberge 1875 occurs across the Palaearctic, western Oriental and Afrotropical regions, and is currently represented by eleven species in the Afrotropical region. Cheironitis damarensis Felsche, 1907 is a junior synonym of this species (ScarabNet 2009)." 138510,Coproecus hemisphaericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coproecus,hemisphaericus,,,,,"Guerin-Meneville, 1844","The flightless endemic genus Coproecus Reiche, 1841 conprises one described and one undescribed species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138511,Canthidium bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,bicolor,,,,,"Boucomont, 1928","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 138515,Temnoplectron boucomonti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Temnoplectron,boucomonti,,,,,"Paulian, 1934","The genus Temnoplectron Westwood, 1841 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprises 16 species (Matthews 1974, Reid and Storey 2000, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138519,Pedaria decorsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pedaria,decorsei,,,,,"Boucomont, 1922", 138525,Proagoderus bicallosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,bicallosus,,,,,"(Klug, 1855)","The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992)." 138527,Scarabaeus gagates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,gagates,,,,,"(Shipp, 1895)","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera: Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to the subgenus Sceliages. All of the species are restricted to the south of the Afrotropical region (Forgie et al. 2002, ScarabNet 2009) where they are specialized to breeding using the soft body contents of dead millipedes. As type material of S. gagates could not be located for a recent revision of the genus, a neotype has been designated (Forgie et al. 2002)." 138528,Cryptocanthon punctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cryptocanthon,punctatus,,,,,"Cook, 2002","According to Cook (2002), Cryptocanthon is a genus with wide occurrence in the New World tropics. They inhabit the litter of wet forests, both lowland rain forests and higher elevation montane and cloud forests, and occur from Brazil to Mexico. Some species are flightless." 138530,Onthophagus hildebrandti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hildebrandti,,,,,"Harold, 1878","

Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 16 (d’Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in forest, savanna and grassland of the Afrotropical region.

" 138531,Scarabaeus inoportunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,inoportunus,,,,,"Ferreira, 1953","The genus Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758 ranges across the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions and is currently considered to comprise four subgenera (Forgie et al. 2006): Scarabaeus Linnaeus 1758, Scarabeolus Balthasar 1965, Kheper Janssens 1940, Sceliages Westwood 1837, with a representation in the Afrotropical region of 55, 27, 21 and seven species respectively. This species belongs to the subgenus Scarabeolus, which is primarily restricted to Africa." 138532,Caccobius croceocinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Caccobius,croceocinctus,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1913","The genus Caccobius Thomson 1859 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. In the Afrotropical region, it is currently represented by 42 species that are considered valid (ScarabNet 2009)." 138534,Scybalophagus rugosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalophagus,rugosus,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1846)","Scybalophagus consists of five species that are distributed throughout Argentina, Peru, Chile and Bolívia. Its specimens are recognized by the following characters: mesotibia and metatibia with transverse carinae; head not elongate and dorsum monocolored." 138536,Onthophagus atrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,atrofasciatus,,,,,"D'Orbigny, 1905","Onthophagus Latreille 1802 is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Scarabaeinae, with a distribution extending from tropical to warm temperate areas in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Nearctic, Neotropical and Australasian regions. There are some 791 species in the Afrotropical region that have been divided into 32 species groups, of which 29 currently remain classified within the genus (ScarabNet 2009). Some of these groups extend into the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, but they have not yet been formally integrated into the subgeneric classification system erected for these regions. This species is classified in Onthophagus Group 23 (d'Orbigny 1913), which is widespread in the forest, savanna and upland grassland of the Afrotropical region." 138538,Tesserodon feehani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Tesserodon,feehani,,,,,"Storey, 1991","The genus Tesserodon Hope, 1837 occurs in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Australian fauna comprise 13 species (Matthews 1974, Storey 1991, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm. 2012)." 138539,Scybalocanthon nigriceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalocanthon,nigriceps,,,,,"(Harold, 1868)","The genus Scybalocanthon Martínez (1948) is a small genus of dung beetle from Central and South America. It needs taxonomical revision and many of its species can not be securely identified at this moment. So far, Scybalocanthon has 18 described species." 138542,Canthidium coerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthidium,coerulescens,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthidium is a diverse, species rich genus, with many species unknown.  They are distributed from the United States to Argentina. The group also has various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition to this, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy in identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. There are still a considerable number of species to describe in this genus.

" 138556,Coprophanaeus corythus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Coprophanaeus,corythus,,,,,"(Harold, 1863)","

According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff (1924) is currently represented by 38 species, distributed among three subgenera (Megaphanaeus Olsoufieff, Metallophanaeus Olsoufieff, and Coprophanaeus s. str.) and eight species groups. According to Edmonds and Zidek (2010), Coprophanaeus corythus (Harold), formerly regarded as a subspecies of C. telamon (Erichson), assumes species status. 

" 138578,Copris sierrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,sierrensis,,,,,"Matthews, 1961","Matthews (1962) recognized two subspecies: C. k. klugi found in Aguascalientes, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebal, Veracruz, and C. k. sierrensis. However, López-Guerro et al. (2009), conducted a study of the internal genitalic characters of males and females of Copris klugi klugi Harold and Copris klugi sierrensis Matthews, and they maintain that C. klugi Harold and C. sierrensis Matthews are two distinct species." 13873,Morenia ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Morenia,ocellata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1835)", 13874,Morenia petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Morenia,petersi,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)", 13984,Mus spicilegus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,spicilegus,,,,,"Petényi, 1882", 165594334,Natrix natrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natrix,natrix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Natrix natrix complex has long been treated as a single widespread species throughout Europe and temperate Asia. Numerous subspecies have traditionally been recognized; recent molecular evidence indicates that most of these are not supported genetically (Speybroeck et al. 2016), including the formerly recognized species Natrix megalocephala, but that the grass snake forms three geographically discrete clusters, each of which has recently been recognized as distinct species: Natrix astreptophora (Iberia) (Porkrant et al. 2016), N. helvetica (northern and central Europe) (Kindler et al. 2017) and N. natrix. The taxonomy of grass snakes still included within N. natrix east of the range of N. helvetica, remains unresolved. Fritz and Schmitler (2021) recognize several mtDNA lineages within Natrix natrix that may represent cryptic species, including an Iranian lineage originally described as Coluber persa a widespread lineage from Poland to Kazakhstan to which they apply the name Natrix natrix scutata, but refrained from making taxonomic changes in the absence of additional genetic data.

Fritz and Schmidtler (2021) investigated the complicated history of available names for proposed subspecies of all three recognized grass snakes, with the goal of laying groundwork for a revision of subspecific boundaries within these taxa. These authors referred a number of names to synonymy and recommended that Natrix gronoviana, Coluber arabicus, C. torquatus, C. irroratus, Natrix hybridus, Tropidonotus oppellii. Tropidonotus fallax and Coluber niger - all names associated with the grass snakes by various authors - be treated as nomina dubia, along with several names for ""varieties"". They provisionally recognized the valid subspecies Natrix natrix vulgaris, N. n. scutata, N. n. persa (whose range limits are unclear), and N. n. syriaca as well as the nominate subspecies. They report that genetic evidence does not support the recognition of the subspecies N. n. cypriaca, but citing a need for further work do not include it in either their list of proposed subspecies or in their list of synonyms." 14505,Neochanna burrowsius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Neochanna,burrowsius,,,,,"(Phillipps, 1926)", 14506,Neochanna diversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Neochanna,diversus,,,,,"Stokell, 1949", 14507,Neochanna apoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Neochanna,apoda,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 14556,Neoplanorbis tantillus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Neoplanorbis,tantillus,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1906", 14765,Nilssonia formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Nilssonia,formosa,,,,,"(Gray, 1869)", 14856,Notochelys platynota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Notochelys,platynota,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 14880,Notropis aguirrepequenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,aguirrepequenoi,,,,,"Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery, 1973", 14881,Notropis amecae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,amecae,,,,,"Chernoff & Miller, 1986", 14882,Notropis aulidion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,aulidion,,,,,"Chernoff & Miller, 1986", 14886,Notropis imeldae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,imeldae,,,,,"Cortés, 1968", 14890,Notropis moralesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,moralesi,,,,,"de Buen, 1955", 14894,Notropis saladonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,saladonis,,,,,"Hubbs & Hubbs, 1958", 15021,Obovaria jacksoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obovaria,jacksoniana,,,,,"(Frerson, 1912)", 15022,Obovaria olivaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obovaria,olivaria,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 15026,Mauremys sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Mauremys,sinensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)",Generally considered to consist of at least two morphologically distinguishable lineages. 15185,Ogmodon vitianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Ogmodon,vitianus,,,,,"W. Peters, 1864", 15199,Oligodon nikhili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,nikhili,,,,,"Whitaker & Dattatri, 1982", 15272,Omphalotropis cheynei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,cheynei,,,,,"(Dohrn & Semper, 1862)", 15387,Ophisternon infernale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Ophisternon,infernale,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1938)", 15392,Opisthotropis spenceri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,spenceri,,,,,"Smith, 1918", 154656,Parioglossus neocaledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,neocaledonicus,,,,,"Dingerkus & Séret, 1992","It is unclear whether this species should in fact be placed in the Microdesmidae as subfamily Ptereleotrinae (W. Eschmeyer pers. comm. 2009).

This species may be Parioglossus marginalis (D. Hoese pers.comm. 2011)." 154708,Diplodus cervinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,cervinus,,,,,"Lowe, 1838","Diplodus cervinus was previously recognized as comprising three subspecies: Diplodus cervinus cervinus (NE Atlantic and Mediterranean), D. c. hottentotus (SE Atlantic: Angola, South Africa), and D. c. omanensis (Indian Ocean: Oman). Currently, three species are recognized: D. cervinus, D. hottentotus (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004) and D. omanensis (Bauchot and Bianchi 1984, Amir et al. 2013). However, the Diplodus cervinus complex is in need of taxonomic review (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2014)." 154767,Membras martinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Membras,martinica,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 154976,Drombus halei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Drombus,halei,,,,,"Whitley, 1935","In Australia, this species is easily confused with Drombus triangularis, with which it is sympatric across the north. The species may also be a synonym of Drombus palackyi described from Samoa." 155018,Sciades parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Sciades,parkeri,,,,,"(Traill, 1832)","Marceniuk (2005) placed this species in Aspistor, but it is now generally agreed that the appropriate name is Sciades parkeri. A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014)." 155020,Anchoa walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,walkeri,,,,,"Baldwin & Chang, 1970", 155051,Microgobius tabogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,tabogensis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 155080,Hyporhamphus roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,roberti,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)",Published data: This species has two subspecies:  Hyporhamphus roberti hildebrandi and Hyporhamphus roberti roberti.
Jamaica Caribbean Workshop:Early records of Hyporhamphus roberti from continental United States refer to either H. meeki or H. unifasciatus. 15509,Orlitia borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Orlitia,borneensis,,,,,"Gray, 1873", 15511,Ornithoptera aesacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,aesacus,,,,,"Ney, 1903","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species." 155130,Caranx sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,sexfasciatus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1825", 155152,Lutjanus apodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,apodus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 1555,Anomochilus leonardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMOCHILIDAE,Anomochilus,leonardi,,,,,"Smith, 1940", 15516,Ornithoptera chimaera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,chimaera,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1904)","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species.
For Ornithoptera chimaera, Haugum and Low (1978-85) list a total of three subspecies: O. chimaera chimaera occurs in PNG as does O. c. flavidor (in Parsons 1999); the third subspecies, O. c. charybdis, occurs" 15517,Ornithoptera croesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,croesus,,,,,"Wallace, 1859","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species.There are currently four subspecies recognised: the nominate subspecies croesus, subspecies lydius (Felder & Felder, 1865), subspecies toeantei Parrot & Schmid, 1894, and subspecies sananaensis Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980, which was described on the basis of a single female from Sanana Island (Parrott and Schmid 1984)." 155207,Menidia peninsulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,peninsulae,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1879)", 15520,Ornithoptera paradisea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,paradisea,,,,,"Staudinger, 1893","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species.
There are between four and six subspecies recognized, depending on the author followed (four subspecies in Haugum and Low (1974) and six in Hancock (1991), although following Parsons (1999), five subspecies are recognised). The six most commonly recognised subspecies are: the nominate subspecies paradisea, subspecies borchi (Haugum & Low, 1974), subspecies chrysanthemum (Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1979), subspecies demeter (So & Sato, 1998) and subspecies detanii Schäffler, 2001, and subspecies arfakensis. It has been proposed that subspecies arfakensis has been erroneously treated as a distinct species by Sumiyoshi (1989) and is as a result is still referred to as a separate species in a number of subsequent publications (e.g. Matsuka 2001, Schaeffler 2001). The identity of another proposed subspecies, O.p. flavescens, originally found in Etna Bay (Rothschild 1897), is based on a sole female specimen and the status is doubtful. Some publications list additional subspecies, namely galatea from Salawati Island and occidentalis from Sorong (Matsuka 2001, Schaeffler 2001)." 155259,Strongylura marina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,marina,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","

Two other common and very similar species of western Atlantic Strongylura occur alongside Strongylura marina in the Western Central Atlantic: Strongylura notata and Strongylura timucu. Until the late 1960s, S. timucu was largely considered to be synonymous with S. marina (Berry and Rivas 1962). Collette (1968) notes that S. notata differs from S. marina and S. timucu in having fewer anal rays and fewer predorsal scales, and internal examination also reveals fewer vertebrae and other distinguishing skeletal features. Internal examination also reveals that both gonads are developed in S. tumucu while only the right gonad is developed in S. marina. Typically, S. timucu is also somewhat darker in coloration than S. marina (Hoese and Moore 1977). Strongylura notata differs externally from S. marina, possessing 13-15 dorsal rays and 13-16 anal rays (Hoese and Moore 1977).

" 155273,Ostorhinchus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Ostorhinchus,lateralis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1832)","This species has recently been placed in the genus Ostorhinchus by Randall (2005) based on L.M.R. Bergman's unpublished PhD thesis (in which Ostorhinchus was shown to be polyphyletic). The generic placement of this species may change." 155501,Tudorella ferruginea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tudorella,ferruginea,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)", 155511,Sphaerium corneum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,corneum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species was recently revised and S. ovale and S. nucleus spilt from S. corneum, hence the data will often be for the old concept of.S. corneum (Glöer and Meier-Brook 2003)." 155535,Paludinella sicana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Paludinella,sicana,,,,,"(Brugnone, 1876)", 155539,Pomatias canariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Pomatias,canariensis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1840)","At present there are five species of this genus recognized from the Canary Islands. There are no species recognized from Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, however on each island at least one undescribed species exists.

With the exception of P. raricostata, which is easily recognizable, the described species are very similar, and by contrast the shells of the undescribed species are quite distinct. In addition on each island the animal has a different colour.

The taxonomy for these species is confused and the group is in urgent need of a major revision, however, the ability to undertake such a revision is severely limited by a lack of living material. A further problem is that the shell is thick and is able to withstand erosion, hence dead shells may represent a long time period, even centuries under certain conditions." 155663,Pomatias palmensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Pomatias,palmensis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","At present there are five species of this genus recognized from the Canary Islands. There are no species recognized from Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, however on each island at least one undescribed species exists.

With the exception of P. raricostata, which is easily recognizable, the described species are very similar, and by contrast the shells of the undescribed species are quite distinct. In addition on each island the animal has a different colour.

The taxonomy for these species is confused and the group is in urgent need of a major revision, however, the ability to undertake such a revision is severely limited by a lack of living material. A further problem is that the shell is thick and is able to withstand erosion, hence dead shells may represent a long time period, even centuries under certain conditions." 155672,Pomatias lanzarotensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Pomatias,lanzarotensis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","At present there are five species of this genus recognized from the Canary Islands. There are no species recognized from Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, however on each island at least one undescribed species exists.

With the exception of P. raricostata, which is easily recognizable, the described species are very similar, and by contrast the shells of the undescribed species are quite distinct. In addition on each island the animal has a different colour.

The taxonomy for these species is confused and the group is in urgent need of a major revision, however, the ability to undertake such a revision is severely limited by a lack of living material. A further problem is that the shell is thick and is able to withstand erosion, hence dead shells may represent a long time period, even centuries under certain conditions." 155684,Gyraulus parvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,parvus,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 155692,Acroloxus lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,lacustris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species was originally reported from Iran, but subsequent research has shown that there is a new species, Acroloxus pseudolacustris, which differs from Acroloxus lacustris, as it has a blunt apex, and no species like this is known from the surrounding regions in Russia (Glöer and Pesic 2012)." 155736,Corbicula fluminea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,fluminea,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)", 155805,Gyraulus chinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,chinensis,,,,,"(Dunker, 1848)","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision." 155828,Gyraulus laevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,laevis,,,,,"(Alder, 1838)",Gyraulus chinensis is confused with G. laevis in some species list of Nigerian lists on intermediate hosts for schistosomes. G. laevis is confined in Africa to the Maghreb. 155943,Pomatias laevigatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Pomatias,laevigatus,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)","At present there are five species of this genus recognized from the Canary Islands. There are no species recognized from Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, however, at least one undescribed species exists on each island.

With the exception of P. raricostata, which is easily recognizable, the described species are very similar, and by contrast the shells of the undescribed species are quite distinct. In addition on each island the animal has a different colour.

The taxonomy for these species is confused and the group is in urgent need of a major revision, however, the ability to undertake such a revision is severely limited by a lack of living material. A further problem is that the shell is thick and is able to withstand erosion, hence dead shells may represent a long time period, even centuries under certain conditions." 155966,Anisus vorticulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,vorticulus,,,,,"(Troschel, 1834)","It is possible to confuse specimens of Anisus vorticulus with dwarf forms of A. vortex that occur in temporary water bodies (described as Planorbis numulus Held 1837) (Terrier et al. 2006)." 155980,Potamopyrgus antipodarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,antipodarum,,,,,"(J.E. Gray, 1843)", 155986,Sphaerium solidum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,solidum,,,,,"(Normand, 1844)", 156003,Physella gyrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,gyrina,,,,,"(Say, 1821)", 15602,Euryoryzomys lamia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euryoryzomys,lamia,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)", 156043,Pseudosuccinea columella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Pseudosuccinea,columella,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 156067,Tarraconia rolani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Tarraconia,rolani,,,,,"Ramos, Arconada & Moreno, 2000", 156558,Norelona pyrenaica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ELONIDAE,Norelona,pyrenaica,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 156560,Pholeoteras euthrix,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Pholeoteras,euthrix,,,,,"Sturany, 1904", 157118,Theba macandrewiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Theba,macandrewiana,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)", 157244,Eryx jaculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,jaculus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are three subspecies: the nominate, Eryx jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758), E. j. turcicus (Olivier, 1801) and E. j. familiaris Eichwald, 1831; the latter inhabits territory of Dagestan and the Transcaucasian Region." 157246,Chamaeleo chamaeleon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,chamaeleon,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 157247,Stellagama stellio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Stellagama,stellio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species, formerly in the paraphyletic genus Laudakia, was assigned as the type (and presently sole) species of the new genus Stellagama by Baig et al. (2012). While this wide-ranging lizard, which presently has seven recognized subspecies (although this number varies according to different authors), is considered likely to be a species complex, ""more extensive work is still required before splitting the S. stellio complex"" (Baig et al. 2012), as most work to date has been morphological and genetic research is needed to clarify divisions in this taxon (Baig et al. 2012). S. stellio daani was previously synonymized with the nominate form, but its distinctiveness was recognized by Almog et al. (2005), and it is considered a distinct subspecies in the review of Laudakia conducted by Baig et al. (2012).

Speybroeck et al. (2020) acknowledge that this arrangement has been widely adopted, but prefer to retain the name Laudakia stellio pending ""substantial evidence"" to reject monophyly of Laudakia." 47756146,Vipera berus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,berus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Preliminary data on the phylogeography of the species based on mtDNA sequences identified several independent evolutionary lineages (Joger et al. 2003, Carlsson et al. 2004, Ursenbacher et al. 2006). Based on molecular evidence, Vipera nikolskii represents a subspecific lineage of V. berus, with some evidence of hybridization between the two taxa in natural populations (Milto and Zinenko 2005, Zinenko et al. 2010).

Vipera sachalinensis, another taxon sometimes considered a full species, is included within the V. berus complex by Kalyabina-Hauf et al. (2004) and Joger et al. (2007). Similarly, V. barani should also be included in V. berus based on a recent integrative evaluation (Freitas et al. 2020). Finally, the populations of the western Alps in Italy are considered to represent a distinct species, V. walser, based on genetic information (Ghielmi et al. 2016).

" 157250,Phrynocephalus mystaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,mystaceus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","The nominate subspecies Phrynocephalus mystaceus mystaceus is found in Europe, ranging as far east as the Volga River sands inclusive. 
Wide mtDNA sampling of this species across its range suggests that two deeply divergent clades exist, one isolated in the Khorasan region of northeastern Iran and the other in the remainder of its Middle Asian range, a pattern previously found with more limited sampling using other genetic markers (Solovyeva et al. 2018). Solovyeva et al. (2018) ""tentatively"" elect to describe the Khorasan lineage as a subspecies, P. m. khorasanus, rather than a full species due to weak morphological differentiation from populations elsewhere and the existence of both morphologically and genetically intermediate populations in the Caspian and Middle Asian regions. At the same time, this work found that the two previously recognized subspecies - P. m. galli and P. m. aurantiacocaudatus - are not supported by either mtDNA or morphological data. Solovyeva et al. (2020) consequently synonymized them with the nominate form, while recommending further research to clarify the claimed morphological distinctiveness of the latter (based on characters they were unable to examine in preserved material)." 157253,Malpolon insignitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Malpolon,insignitus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827)",Eastern populations of Malpolon formerly allocated to M. monspessulanus are now included within M. insignits following Carranza et al. (2006). 157256,Natrix tessellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natrix,tessellata,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Six genetically and geographically distinct lineages have been identified in Natrix tessellata, and some or all of these may warrant specific recognition following further research (Guiking et al. 2004)." 157260,Eremias arguta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,arguta,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","There are six recognized subspecies: Eremias arguta arguta (Pallas, 1773) is distributed in Kazakhstan; E a. deserti (Gmelin, 1789) is found in the west of the species range from the Ural River in the west to the eastern parts of the North Caucasus in the southwest (this subspecies is present in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine); E. a. transcaucasica Darevsky, 1953 inhabits eastern parts of Transcaucasia; E. a. uzbekistanica Chernov, 1934 is present in Uzbekistan and the frontier regions of Turkmenistan, southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan; E. a. darevskii Tsaruk, 1986 is restricted to the Issyk Kul Depression in Kyrgyzstan; E. a. potanini Bedrjaga, 1912 is found in the area adjacent to Balkhash Lake and the Zaisan Depression in Kazakhstan. mtDNA results provide no justification for recognizing this latter form as distinct, and Poyarkov et al. (2014) indicate that this should be considered a junior synonym of the nominate subspecies.

An unnamed form within from the Ili River Valley has been found to be distinct both genetically and morphologically (Orlova et al. 2012, Poyarkov et al. 2014), being sister to all other E. arguta, and may represent an undescribed species (Poyarkov et al. 2014)." 157263,Pseudopus apodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Pseudopus,apodus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1775)","This species was previously included in the genus Ophisaurus. Glass lizards from the Balkan Peninsula and southern coast of the Crimea are considered as a subspecies Pseudopus apodus thracius (Obst, 1978). The nominate subspecies, P. a. apodus is distributed Southeastern Europe, Ciscaucasia and Transcaucasia, southern Turkmenistan, eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and southeastern Kazakhstan." 157265,Elaphe sauromates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,sauromates,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)",This taxon was raised to species rank on the basis of a large genetic divergence from Elaphe quatuorlineata and clear morphological differences (Lenk et al. 2001). 157267,Dolichophis caspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dolichophis,caspius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","This species is included in Dolichophis following Nagy et al. (2004), rather than Hierophis." 157268,Vipera renardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,renardi,,,,,"(Christoph, 1861)","

This species is within the subgenus Pelias according to Nilson et al. (1999) and was formerly treated as a synonym subspecies of Vipera ursinii. The results of Joger and Stumpel (2005) restricted the name Vipera ursinii to the remnant, disjunct, populations in Europe west of Ukraine (Nilson and Andren 2001, Joger and Stumpel 2005, Ferchaud et al. 2012, Zinenko et al. 2015) and revalidated V. renardi.

As presently defined V. renardi sensu lato includes five subspecies: the nominate V. r. renardi (occupies the most part of the distribution range, except for some Central- and Middle Asian populations); V. r. tienshanica Nilson and Andrén, 2001 (Kyrgyzstan, eastern Uzbekistan, northern Tajikistan and south-eastern Kazakhstan), V. r. parursinii Nilson & Andrén, 2001 (found in northern Xinjiang-Uyghur Autonomous Region in China), V. r. puzanovi Kukushkin, 2009 (found in southern Ukraine in Crimea and western part of country) and V. r. bashkirovi Garanin, Pavlov & Bakiev, 2004 (Tatarstan in Russian Federation).

Taxonomic issues are likely to remain, particularly in the correct delimitation of range limits between V. r. renardi and V. r. pustanovi and in the relationships between a number of previously described names of uncertain validity (for more clarification of certain cases see in Ferchaud et al. 2012, Zinenko et al. 2015 and/or Freitas et al. 2020): Vipera altaica Tuniyev, Nilson & Andrén, 2010; Vipera eriwanensis (Reuss, 1933) from Lesser Caucasus and Eastern Turkey (itself including the synonym Vipera shemakhensis Tuniyev et al. 2013) from Azerbaijan; Vipera ebneri Knőpfler & Sochurek, 1955 from Iran (Zinenko et al. 2015, Freitas et al. 2020); and paraphyletic lineages of Vipera lotievi Nilson et al., 1995 from the East Caucasus. Additionally, the taxonomic status of the populations from the Kazakh Altai remains unclear.

" 157269,Eryx miliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,miliaris,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","This species exhibits close similarities to Eryx tataricus, and the two are difficult to distinguish (Ezkandarzadeh et al. 2013). Ezkandarzadeh et al. (2013) attribute records of E. tataricus from Khorasan Province in northeastern Iran to E. miliaris (also see Mohammad et al. 2017). The distribution of the two taxa elsewhere is in need of clarification: Zhao and Adler (1993) provide a ""composite range"" for the complex in China as the separate ranges of the two taxa in this country cannot be identified. Ezkandarzadeh et al. (2013) outline the distribution of both species and report both from Mongolia, however Zhao and Adler (1993) and Terbish et al. (2006) consider that only E. tataricus occurs in this country. Cryptic species may exist within the E. miliaris-tataricus complex, based on the finding by Ezkandarzadeh et al. (2013) that two Iranian specimens (to which they applied the name Eryx cf. miliaris) could not confidently be referred to this taxon. In the northwestern (Russian) part of its range, the subspecies E. m. nogaiorum is recognized; however recent phylogenetic research implies that this population must be considered invalid (Eskandarzadeh et al. 2020).  

The same study suggests that E. tataricus represents a junior synonym of E. miliaris (Eskandarzadeh et al. 2020)  - an arrangement apparently followed without comment by Kamali (2020), who does not include E. miliaris in the Iranian fauna - but this account retains it as valid pending further research to confirm this assignment given the complex taxonomic history of these names and the need for wider sampling outside Iran." 157270,Hemorrhois nummifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hemorrhois,nummifer,,,,,"(Reuss, 1834)","The name Coluber tyria Linnaeus, 1758 has been proposed as a putative senior synonym of Coluber nummifer and Schätti and Tillack (2010) applied to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature to suppress this name to preserve the stability of the widely-used specific name nummifer." 157273,Chamaeleo africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,africanus,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768","Chamaeleo calcaricarens has variously been treated as a full species or as a subspecies of C. africanus. Largen and Spawls (2006) examined records attributed to both species, and found that the only available diagnostic character is unreliable, and restricted to males. These authors synonymized C. calcaricarens with C. africanus, and while acknowledging that C. africanus so defined may represent a species complex, argued that treating C. calcaricarens as a valid species on the basis of existing diagnostic characters would make it difficult or impossible to attribute many Ethiopian records to either form with certainty. C. calcaricarens was nonetheless accepted as a valid species without comment by Tilbury and Tolley (2009); Tilbury (2010) indicated that hemipenal morphology reliably diagnosed the two species, and formally resurrected that species. Tilbury (2010) did not consider C. africanus as ranging into the Horn of Africa, but the basis for this is unclear. This action is supported by evidence from a recent molecular phylogeny of the Chamaeleonidae that C. africanus from Niger and C. calcaricarens from Borama in Somalia are distinct at the species level (Tolley et al. 2013). Trape et al. (2012) apparently overlooked the resurrection of C. calcaricarens in describing C. africanus as ranging east as far as Somalia." 157274,Xerotyphlops vermicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Xerotyphlops,vermicularis,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)","Kornilios et al. (2020) examined mitochondrial and nuclear diversity within what they termed the ""Xerotyphlops vermicularis complex"" and identified Levantine populations as a distinct species for which they resurrected the name X. syriacus. They noted that the high levels of genetic diversity within these species may indicate that either or both contains cryptic species." 157275,Elaphe dione,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,dione,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","The validity of subspecies described from western Siberia and the Altai region, E. d. niger Golubeva, 1923 and E. d. tenebrosa Sobolevsky, 1929, is disputed." 157278,Phrynocephalus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,guttatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","The specific status of Phrynocephalus melanurus has until recently been uncertain. This taxon has often been treated as a distinct species (e.g. Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008), but it is considered a junior synonym of P. guttatus salenskyi by Mezhzherin and Golubev (1993) and as a subspecies of P. guttatus (Phrynocephalus guttatus ssp. melanurus Eichwald, 1831) by Barabanov and Ananjeva (2007), and this is how the taxon is treated currently by The Reptile Database (Uetz et al. 2021).

Dunayev (2009) upheld the distinctness of P. melanurus on biogeographical grounds, and recognized populations from the northern and southeastern parts of the Aral Sea region as P. g. moltschanovi, from the south Balkhash Lake region and Alakol Depression as P. kuschakewitschi, and from the Ili River Depression as P. g. alpherakii. Solovyeva et al. (2014) later investigated the genetics of this species complex, and supported the recognition of P. alpherakii and P. moltschanovoi  - as well as P. melanurus - as distinct species. P. melanurus is provisionally treated here as a distinct valid species.

Populations from Kazakhstan previously assigned to P. versicolor, as well as those from Siberia and northern Mongolia previously described as the subspecies P. v. kulagini, are referable to P. guttatus (Wang and Fu 2004, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008)." 157279,Ophisops elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,elegans,,,,,"Ménétries, 1832","This species is in need of major taxonomic revision. Genetic (both mitochondrial COI and nuclear) sampling of Iranian populations identified at least three potential candidate species corresponding to the major clades identified within this country, and suggested the need for further research into the systematics of this species complex (Monteglard et al. 2020)." 157282,Gloydius halys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,halys,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","The systematics of this species are extremely complicated due to the lack of comprehensive molecular treatments of the genus, as morphological differences between this species and Gloydius intermedius are minor (Sindaco et al. 2013). This was summarized by Wagner et al. (2016), who described Gloydius rickmersi from previously unnamed populations within this group, and remains unresolved.

The nominate G. h. halys inhabits the eastern part of the species range; G. h. caraganus is found in western areas including Kazakhstan and Middle Asia; G. h. caucasicus is distributed in Azerbaijan, northern Iran and northwestern Afghanistan. Isolated populations found in the eastern part of the species' range, including China, have been assigned to the subspecies G. h. cognatus and G. h. stejnegeri, however, the species was not recognized as occurring in China by specialists attending an assessment workshop in 2010, and Chinese populations - as well as those attributed to G. h. caucasicus - have previously been included within G. intermedius (Gloyd and Conant 1989). More recently, all subspecies have been elevated to species status (Shi et al. 2016, Shi et al. 2017, Asadi et al. 2019) and therefore the G. halys complex will need to be reassessed in the future." 157283,Chalcides ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,ocellatus,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)",


157284,Coronella austriaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coronella,austriaca,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768","There are three subspecies: Coronella austriaca austriaca is present over most of the species range; C. a. fitzingeri (Bonaparte, 1840) inhabits the southern part of the Italian Peninsula and the island Sicily; C. a. acutirostris Malkus, 1995, has been erected for the populations of the north-western Iberian Peninsula. The results of an mtDNA phylogeographic study of this species suggests that, despite the lack of consistent morphological variation across the range, the current taxonomy ""does not reflect the rich genetic diversity, deep divergences, and overall evolutionary history"" of smooth snakes, and highlights the need for a full taxonomic revision of this species complex (Jablonski et al. 2019).

Simotes semicinctus was described in the 19th Century from a specimen with the locality data ""probably Borneo"", and was never subsequently rediscovered (Tillack et al. 2008). Wallach and Bauer (1996), accepting this uncertain locality data, referred this species to the Southeast Asian genus Oligodon. Tillack et al. (2008), however, examined this specimen in detail and concluded that it is not referable to Oligodon. Considering the locality data unreliable and comparing the specimen with snakes globally, these authors reached the unexpected conclusion that S. semicinctus is a junior synonym of Coronella austriaca. The Borneo locality must consequently be considered in error, as has been found with other specimens from the same collection (Tillack et al. 2008)." 157285,Hemorrhois ravergieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hemorrhois,ravergieri,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1832)","This species is included in Hemorrhois, rather than Coluber, following Nagy et al. (2004). It appears to be paraphyletic (Schätti and Utiger 2001)." 157286,Eremias velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,velox,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)","Records of this species from Pakistan, reported at least as recently as Khan (1999), refer to Eremias persica, previously a subspecies of E. velox (Baig and Masroor 2006). This is a recognized species complex, and while the group as a whole is monophyletic Liu et al. (2014) proposed that three lineages from Iran should be formally described as distinct species." 157289,Eumeces schneiderii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eumeces,schneiderii,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)",


157294,Dolichophis jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dolichophis,jugularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species is included in Dolichophis following Nagy et al. (2004), rather than Hierophis." 157295,Macrovipera lebetina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Macrovipera,lebetina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species was described from Cyprus, and whether the nominate subspecies is endemic to the island or whether it also occurs in Anatolia has been controversial (Baier et al. 2013). On that basis these authors elect to consider the status of the southern Turkish population of this species unclear.

Six subspecies are generally recognized, Macrovipera lebetinus lebetinus, M. l. obtusa (Dwigubsky, 1832) from Turkey, Iraq, western Iran, Syria, Lebanon, and isolated subpopulations in eastern Transcaucasia (Dagestan), M. l. euphratica (Martin, 1838) from Iraq, M. l. transmediterranea (Nilson & Andrén, 1988) from North Africa, M. l. turanica (Chernov, 1940) from southern Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; and M. l. cernovi (Chikin & Szczerbak, 1992) recorded in Afghanistan, Pakistan, eastern Iran, Turkmenistan and western Uzbekistan. The subpopulations found in southern Afghanistan, (Kashmir) and northern India are sometimes referred to as a separate subspecies, M. l. peilei. Macrovipera lebetinus peilei is not recognized as subspecies by Golay et al. (1993) and Mcdiarmid et al. (1999). Golay et al. (1993) lists peilei as a synonym of obtusa.

The subspecies Macrovipera l. transmediterranea was described based on isolated records with nonspecific locality data in Algeria and Tunisia. These North African records appear to be based on old specimens without precise or collection localities, and their occurrence has never been confirmed (Sindaco et al. 2013). Sindaco et al. (2013) indicate that the diagnostic characters described for this subspecies fall within the range described for Daboia mauretanica, and recommend that its validity be considered doubtful unless new material is found.

Successful hybridization between endemic Macrovipera schweizerii from Milos and adjacent islands reported in Kamelin et al. (1997) and results of a recent comprehensive mitochondrial phylogeny of European vipers (Freitas et al. 2020) support suggestions that this species is conspecific with M. lebetinus. These results are however preliminary and no formal taxonomic change has yet been proposed (Speybroeck et al. 2020, W. Wüster pers. comm. 2022)." 158472,Pristimantis leucorrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,leucorrhinus,,,,,"Boano, Mazzotti & Sindaco, 2008","In the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original publication.
" 173805983,Enallagma cyathigerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,cyathigerum,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)","The species is often confused with Enallagma deserti.

Up until 2005, Enallagma cyathigerum was thought to be a single species with a circumpolar distribution. However, Turgeon et al. (2005) demonstrated that the Nearctic and Palearctic populations were really two species: E. cyathigerum (occurring in the Palearctic) and E. annexum (occurring in the Nearctic)." 15873,Pagrus pagrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagrus,pagrus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Genetic studies of Pagrus pagrus have shown Western Atlantic samples to be more closely related to each other than to samples from the Eastern North Atlantic. Within the Western North Atlantic, no significant population differentiation was observed, and within the eastern North Atlantic, only the Azores sample showed detectable differences from those from Crete and Madeira. These data indicate general homogeneity within large areas, and deep divisions between these areas (Ball et al. 2007)." 15885,Palaemonetes antrorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,antrorum,,,,,"Benedict, 1896", 15886,Palaemonetes cummingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,cummingi,,,,,"Chace, 1954", 15887,Palaemonias alabamae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Palaemonias,alabamae,,,,,"Smalley, 1961", 15888,Palaemonias ganteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Palaemonias,ganteri,,,,,"Hay, 1902", 15892,Palaina dimorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,dimorpha,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 15896,Palaina moussoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,moussoni,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 15905,Palaina striolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,striolata,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 15907,Palaina wilsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,wilsoni,,,,,"Semper, 1866", 15912,Palaua minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Palaua,minor,,,,,"(Semper, 1873)", 15918,Palea steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Palea,steindachneri,,,,,"(Siebenrock, 1906)", 159775,Battus belus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,belus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1777)","The type locality for this species is Surinam. There are currently five recognized subspecies in this taxon: Battus belus belus (Cramer, 1777); aureochloris (Brown, 1994); belemus (Bates, 1864); cochabamba (Weeks, 1901) and varus (Kollar, 1850)." 15982,Papilio aristor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,aristor,,,,,"Godart, 1819","Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020)." 159971,Danaus plexippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Danaus,plexippus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 160029,Euchrysops osiris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Euchrysops,osiris,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855) ", 160091,Papilio cresphontes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,cresphontes,,,,,"Cramer, 1777","Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020).

The recent description of Papilio rumiko, which closely resembles this species, meant that many specimens previously identified as P. cresphontes have now been assigned to the new species P. rumiko, meaning that the overall distribution of cresphontes is now primarily restricted to North America, and its extent into Central America is unknown, but unlikely to reach beyond Mexico." 16012,Favonigobius reichei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Favonigobius,reichei,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)",This species appeared in the IUCN Red List prior to 2008 under the generic name Papillogobius. 160184,Protographium anaxilaus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Protographium,anaxilaus,,,,,"(Felder & Felder, 1865)","Some sources list this species under genus Neographium (e.g. Butterflies of America; https://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/Papilionidae.htm), however, here we follow Tyler et al. (1994) and retain this species under genus Protographium." 160215,Graphium sarpedon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,sarpedon,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are several subspecies described for this species: the nominate subspecies sarpedon; subspecies nipponum (Fruhstorfer 1903);  subspecies morius (Fruhstorfer 1908); subspecies connectens (Fruhstorfer 1906); subspecies sikari (Page and Treadaway 2013); subspecies luctatius (Fruhstorfer 1907); subspecies colus (Fruhstorfer 1907); subspecies pagus (Fruhstorfer 1907); subspecies septentrionicolus (Page & Treadaway 2013); subspecies agusyantoei (Page & Treadaway 2013); subspecies rufofervidus (Fruhstorfer 1898); subspecies phyris (Jordan 1937); subspecies phyrisoides (Page & Treadaway 2013); subspecies lycianus (Toxopeus 1951); subspecies hundertmarki (Page & Treadaway 2013); subspecies rufocellularis (Fruhstorfer 1905); subspecies toxopei (Page and Treadway 2013); subspecies adonarensis (Rothschild 1896); subspecies jugans (Rothschild 1896); subspecies wetterensis (Okano 1993); subspecies kawaimitsuoi (Fujioka 1997).
The following are also likely to be subspecies; subspecies semifasciatum (Honrath, 1888);
 subspecies corycus (Fruhstorfer 1907);  subspecies melas (Fruhstorfer 1907); subspecies messogis (Fruhstorfer, 1907); subspecies temnus (Fruhstorfer 1907); subspecies timorensis (Rothschild, 1896) (Globis). This is a difficult species and the full taxonomy of this species is still somewhat uncertain and further DNA testing is required to better understand its taxonomy." 160384,Acraea nohara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,nohara,,,,,"Boisduval, 1847 ", 160397,Limenitis archippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Limenitis,archippus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1775)","Limenitis archippus has numerous recognised subspecies: spp. archippus; spp. idaho; spp. iahontani; spp. obsoleta; spp. floridensis; spp. watsoni; and ssp. hoffmani (www.butterfliesofamerica.com)." 160495,Battus ingenuus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,ingenuus,,,,,"(Dyar, 1907)",The type locality for this species is Mexico. No subspecies are formally recognized for the taxon. 160604,Papilio ornythion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,ornythion,,,,,"Boisduval, 1836","Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020)." 160608,Libytheana carinenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Libytheana,carinenta,,,,,"(Cramer, 1777)","The American Snout (Libytheana carinenta) has several subspecies: L. c. carinenta, L. c.mexicana, L. c. streckeri, L. c. larvata, and L. c. bachmanii (the Mexican Snout); the latter was formerly recognised as a separate species, Libytheana bachmanii (Warren et al. 2016)." 160668,Danaus gilippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Danaus,gilippus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1775)",This species is split into several subspecies across its range (Scott 1986). 160692,Hipparchia hansii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,hansii,,,,,"(Austaut, 1879)", 160859,Parides lysander,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,lysander,,,,,"(Cramer, 1775)","

The type locality for this species is Suriname. There are currently six recognized subspecies in this taxon, according to Warren et al. (2010): Parides lysander lysander (Cramer 1775); antalcidas Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994; brissonius (Hübner, [1819]); mattogrossensis (Talbot, 1928); orinocoensis Costantino, Le Crom & Salazar 2002; and parsodes (Gray, [1853]).

" 160879,Papilio schmeltzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,schmeltzi,,,,,"Herrich-Schäffer, 1869", 160901,Argynnis cybele,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Argynnis,cybele,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775","Argynnis cybele has a number of recognised subspecies: ssp. carpenterii; ssp. cybele; ssp. eileenae; spp. krautwurmi; spp. novascotiae; ssp. pseudocarpenteri; spp. charlottii; spp. letona; ssp. leto; and spp. pugetensis." 160936,Parides proneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,proneus,,,,,"(Hübner, 1831)", 160996,Troides amphrysus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,amphrysus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1782 [1779])","There are at least 16 subspecies described (Ohya 2001): the nominate subspecies amphrysus, subspecies ruficollis (Butler, 1879), subspecies euthydemus (Fruhstorfer, 1913), subspecies actinotia (Jordan, 1908), subspecies flavicollis (Druce, 1873), subspecies niasicus (Fruhstorfer, 1898), subspecies vistara (Fruhstorfer, 1906), subspecies astrea Hayami, 1992, subspecies arkumene Hayami, 1994, subspecies chrysomelas Parrott & Schmid, 1984, subspecies simeuluensis Ohya, 1985, subspecies perintis Kobayashi, 1986, subspecies kuris Kobayashi & Hayami, 1987, subspecies hilbert Hayami, 1992, subspecies naokoae (Morita, 1996) Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999, and subspecies kecilensis (Schäffler, 1999) Rumbucher & von Knötgen, 1999. Rumbucher and von Knötgen (1999) list two additional potential subspecies: merah and zeus." 161079,Battus crassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,crassus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1777)",

The type locality for this species is Surinam. There are currently 4 recognized subspecies in this taxon: Battus crassus crassus (Cramer 1777); hirundo (Röber 1925); lepidus (Felder and Felder 1861) and paraensis (Brown 1994)

161102,Eurytides serville,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Eurytides,serville,,,,,"(Godart, 1824)","

The type locality for this species is Bolivia. There are currently three recognized subspecies in this taxon, according to Lamas (2004) and Tyler et al. (1994): Eurytides serville serville (Cramer 1777); E. s. acritus (Rothschild and Jordan 1906); and E. s. colombus (Kollar 1850). This latter subspecies is considered by some sources to be a species in its own right, e.g. in Butterflies of America (https://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/Papilionidae.htm). However, here, we follow Lamas (2004) and Tyler et al. (1994) and include columbus as a subspecies of serville. It should be noted that columbus is considered Least Concern at the subspecies level.

" 161254,Vanessa virginiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Vanessa,virginiensis,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 161307,Chloroselas mazoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chloroselas,mazoensis,,,,,"(Trimen, 1898) ", 161318,Leucoraja lentiginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,lentiginosa,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)",Has previously been confused with Leucoraja garmani (McEachran and Carvalho 2002). 161331,Dactylobatus clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dactylobatus,clarkii,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)", 161373,Pseudobatos percellens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,percellens,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos." 161378,Carcharhinus acronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,acronotus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 161403,Somniosus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Somniosus,pacificus,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944",Interspecific hybridization of the Pacific Sleeper Shark (S. pacificus) with the Greenland Shark (S. microcephalus) has likely been ongoing at the edges of their distributions since initial divergence (Walter et al. 2017). 161436,Myliobatis goodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,goodei,,,,,"Garman, 1885","Records of eastern Atlantic Myliobatis aquila from southern Brazil probably refer to this species, if both species are indeed distinct (if not, the name M. aquila has priority). There are two sister species in the southern part of its range under the present name M. goodei, with a description of the second species pending (Ruocco et al. 2012)." 161443,Etmopterus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,pusillus,,,,,"(Lowe, 1839)","The similar, but larger, Etmopterus bigelowi was previously confused with this species until described as a distinct species by Shirai and Tachikawa (1993)." 161514,Dipturus oregoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,oregoni,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)", 161517,Etmopterus lucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,lucifer,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1902","Taxonomy remains unresolved for this species, with nominal records from various locations likely to represent other species (Ebert et al. 2013). This species is frequently misidentified with other regional etmopterids, e.g., Etmopterus burgessi (Schaaf-DaSilva and Ebert 2006). Therefore, care should be taken when identifying similar looking lucifer-group lanternsharks." 161518,Mustelus norrisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,norrisi,,,,,"Springer, 1939","This species can be visually distinguished from two morphologically similar regional congeners, the Dusky Smoothhound (Mustelus canis) and the Gulf of Mexico Smoothhound (M. sinusmexicanus) by several characters including fin shape and ampullary pore patterns (Giresi et al. 2013)." 161524,Carcharhinus isodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,isodon,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 161564,Carcharhinus altimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,altimus,,,,,"(Springer, 1950)","The Bignose Shark is morphologically distinct but genetically similar to the Sandbar Shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) (Naylor et al. 2012, Duffy and Struthers 2017)." 161610,Dipturus teevani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,teevani,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)", 161681,Springeria folirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Springeria,folirostris,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951", 161682,Cruriraja rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,rugosa,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958", 161696,Alopias superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,ALOPIIDAE,Alopias,superciliosus,,,,,"Lowe, 1841", 161702,Rajella purpuriventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,purpuriventralis,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)", 161718,Dipturus olseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,olseni,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)", 161731,Pteroplatytrygon violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pteroplatytrygon,violacea,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1832)", 161743,Pseudobatos lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,lentiginosus,,,,,"(Garman, 1880)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos." 162494,Semirossia patagonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Semirossia,patagonica,,,,,"(Smith, 1881)", 162495,Austrorossia mastigophora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Austrorossia,mastigophora,,,,,"(Chun, 1915)", 162496,Sepia tanybracheia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,tanybracheia,,,,,"Reid, 2000", 162497,Sepia lycidas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,lycidas,,,,,"Gray, 1849", 162498,Sepia hierredda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,hierredda,,,,,"Rang, 1835 (in Férussac & d'Orbigny 1834-1848)",Morphological and allozyme analysis have shown that Sepia hierredda is a separate species to Sepia officinalis (Reid et al. 2005). 162499,Sepioloidea lineolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepioloidea,lineolata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)", 162500,Sepiella inermis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepiella,inermis,,,,,"(Van Hasselt, 1835 in Férussac & d'Orbigny 1834-1848)",Sepiella inermis may consist of a species complex (Reid et al. 2005). 162501,Rossia brachyura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,brachyura,,,,,"Verrill, 1883", 162502,Stoloteuthis leucoptera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Stoloteuthis,leucoptera,,,,,"(Verrill, 1878)","Given its wide geographic distribution, this species may represent a species complex (Reid and Jereb 2005)." 162503,Sepia koilados,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,koilados,,,,,"Reid, 2000", 162504,Sepia pharaonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,pharaonis,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1831","This species may consist of a species complex (e.g. the hectocotylus differs in male specimens collected from Australia and Japan) (Reid et al. 2005). Norman (2003) identifies three pharaonis species: Sepia pharaonis I, in the western  Indian Ocean (Red Sea and Arabian Gulf); S. pharaonis II, Japan to the Gulf of Thailand and and northern Australia; and S. pharaonis III, in the Indian Ocean to Andaman Sea." 162505,Sepia latimanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,latimanus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1832",Sepia latimanus is likely to consist of a species complex (Reid et al. 2005). 162506,Sepia murrayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,murrayi,,,,,"Adam & Rees, 1966", 162507,Megaleledone setebos,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Megaleledone,setebos,,,,,"(Robson, 1932)",For rationale of synonymy see Allcock et al. (2003). Megaleledone setebos is a monotypic genus. 162508,Sepiola parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,parva,,,,,"Sasaki, 1913", 162509,Sepia trygonina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,trygonina,,,,,"(Rochebrune, 1884)", 162510,Sepia robsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,robsoni,,,,,"(Massy, 1927)","This species is insufficiently described (Khromov et al. 1998). It is one of five species in the Hemisepius species complex, the others being S. dubia, S. pulchra, S. faurei and S. typica. All five species are small (about 2 cm mantle length) and are found off South Africa." 162511,Sepia tokioensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,tokioensis,,,,,"Ortmann, 1888", 162512,Sepia longipes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,longipes,,,,,"Sasaki, 1914", 162513,Sepia madokai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,madokai,,,,,"Adam, 1939","Misidentifications with Sepia acuminata Smith, 1916 and Sepia hedleyi Berry, 1918 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162514,Sepia baxteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,baxteri,,,,,"(Iredale, 1940)","This species is known only from the type cuttlebone (Reid et al. 2005).   It is a possible junior synonym of Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939." 162515,Sepia plana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,plana,,,,,"Lu & Reid, 1997", 162516,Euprymna penares,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,penares,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162517,Rossia glaucopis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,glaucopis,,,,,"Loven, 1845", 162518,Austrorossia bipapillata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Austrorossia,bipapillata,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1920)", 162519,Neorossia leptodons,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Neorossia,leptodons,,,,,"Reid, 1992", 162520,Sepia senta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,senta,,,,,"Lu and Reid, 1997", 162521,Sepiolina nipponensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiolina,nipponensis,,,,,"(Berry, 1911)",This species has a disjunct population distribution and may consist of more than one species (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162522,Sepia elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,elongata,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1839-1842 (in Férussac & d'Orbigny 1834-1848)","This species was originally described from the cuttlebone but was subsequently redescribed from the whole animal (Adam 1955, Adam & Rees 1966)." 162523,Rossia macrosoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,macrosoma,,,,,"(Chiaie, 1830)", 162524,Sepia vietnamica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,vietnamica,,,,,"Khromov, 1987", 162525,Sepia saya,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,saya,,,,,"Khromov, Nikitina & Nesis, 1991", 162526,Idiosepius thailandicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,IDIOSEPIIDA,IDIOSEPIIDAE,Idiosepius,thailandicus,,,,,"Chotiyaputta, Okutani & Chaitiamvong, 1991","Nabhitabhata and Suwanamala (2008) doubted the validity of Idiosepius thailandicus because of its ability to cross-breed with I. biserialis from Thailand.  However, Reid (2005) previously disputed that I. biserialis from Thailand actually referred to this species, suggesting that these specimens actually refer to I. thailandicus. Therefore we treat specimens from the IndoWest Pacific region with two rows of suckers on the tentacular clubs as I. thailandicus and treat this as a valid distinct species from I. minimus which we believe to be the senior synonym of I. biserialis and which we believe is restricted in its distribution to the east coast of Africa." 162527,Sepiadarium kochi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepiadarium,kochi,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1881", 162528,Sepiella weberi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepiella,weberi,,,,,"Adam, 1939", 162529,Rossia bullisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,bullisi,,,,,"Voss, 1956", 162530,Sepiadarium nipponianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepiadarium,nipponianum,,,,,"Berry, 1932", 162532,Sepia dubia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,dubia,,,,,"Adam & Rees, 1966","This species is insufficiently described (Khromov et al. 1998).  It is one of five species in the Hemisepius species complex, the others being S. robsoni, S. pulchra, S. faurei and S. typica.    All five species are small (about 2 cm mantle length) and are found off South Africa." 162533,Sepia vossi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,vossi,,,,,"Khromov, 1996", 162535,Sepia omani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,omani,,,,,"Adam & Rees, 1966","Misidentifications with Sepia vossi Khromov, 1996 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162536,Heteroteuthis dagamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Heteroteuthis,dagamensis,,,,,"Robson, 1924","There are considerable taxonomic problems within the Heteroteuthinae. Vecchione et al. (2007) treat H. serventyi as a junior synonym of this species. We follow this herein." 162537,Euprymna phenax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,phenax,,,,,"Voss, 1962",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162538,Metasepia tullbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Metasepia,tullbergi,,,,,"(Appellöf, 1886)", 162539,Sepiola affinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,affinis,,,,,"Naef, 1912", 162540,Sepia tenuipes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,tenuipes,,,,,"Sasaki, 1929", 162541,Sepia mascarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,mascarensis,,,,,"Filippova & Khromov, 1991", 162542,Sepia bartletti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,bartletti,,,,,"(Iredale, 1954)","This species is only known from the cuttlebones of seven specimens including the type (Reid et al. 2005). Its taxonomic status is uncertain.  It is a possible junior synonym of Sepia bandensis Adam, 1939." 162543,Nectoteuthis pourtalesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Nectoteuthis,pourtalesi,,,,,"Verrill, 1883", 162544,Sepia mira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,mira,,,,,"(Cotton, 1932)",This species was only known from sepions until a full description was provided by Reid (1998). 162545,Sepia tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,tuberculata,,,,,"Lamarck, 1798", 162547,Idiosepius notoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,IDIOSEPIIDA,IDIOSEPIIDAE,Idiosepius,notoides,,,,,"Berry, 1921", 162548,Sepiella japonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepiella,japonica,,,,,"Sasaki, 1929","Records of this species from Viet Nam are likely to be misidentified specimens of Sepiella inermis (Reid et al. 2005). In China this species is treated under the name Sepiella maindroni. Sepiella maindroni Rochebrune 1884 was described from Pondicherry, India (a region that encompasses coasts on both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal) and has previously been treated as a junior synonym of Sepiella inermis (Van Hasselt, 1835 in Férussac and D'Orbigny, 1834-1848), the type locality of which is also Pondicherry. The latin name Sepiella maindroni Rochebrune 1884 is used in China, and Sepiella japonica is considered its synonym (Dong, 1988). Sasaki (1929) when establishing Sepiella japonica clearly separated it from Sepiella maindroni Rochebrune, 1884. Adam and Rees (1962)  pointed out the problem of using Sepiella maindroni for specimens from Japan and East China Sea and placed S. maindroni Rochebrune, 1884 as a junior synonym of Sepiella inermis, and put Sepiella maindroni of Hoyle (1886) in the synonymy of S. japonica. The correctness of this is reaffirmed by Lu et al. (2011)." 162549,Sepia orbignyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,orbignyana,,,,,"Férussac in d'Orbigny, 1826", 162550,Sepiadarium austrinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepiadarium,austrinum,,,,,"Berry, 1921", 162551,Sepia faurei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,faurei,,,,,"Roeleveld, 1972","This species is insufficiently described (Khromov et al. 1998). It is one of five species in the Hemisepius species complex, the others being S. robsoni, S. pulchra, S. dubia and S. typica. All five species are small (about 2 cm mantle length) and are found off South Africa. Sepia faurei is known from only five specimens." 162552,Rossia palpebrosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,palpebrosa,,,,,"Owen, 1834", 162553,Sepia pulchra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,pulchra,,,,,"Roeleveld & Liltved, 1985","This species is insufficiently described (Khromov et al. 1998). It is one of five species in the Hemisepius species complex, the others being S. robsoni, S. pulchra, S. faurei and S. typica. All five species are small (about 2 cm mantle length) and are found off South Africa." 162554,Sepia papuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,papuensis,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885", 162555,Rondeletiola capensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rondeletiola,capensis,,,,,"(Voss, 1962)", 162556,Sepia prashadi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,prashadi,,,,,"Winckworth, 1936", 162557,Sepietta oweniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepietta,oweniana,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839-41 in Férussac & d'Orbigny 1834-1848)", 162558,Sepia gibba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,gibba,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1831", 162559,Euprymna tasmanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,tasmanica,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1884)",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162560,Sepiola steenstrupiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,steenstrupiana,,,,,"Levy, 1912", 162561,Sepia insignis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,insignis,,,,,"Smith, 1916", 162562,Heteroteuthis hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Heteroteuthis,hawaiiensis,,,,,"(Berry, 1909)","Vecchione and Young (2007) believe this species may be synonymous with H. dispar." 162563,Sepia plangon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,plangon,,,,,"Gray, 1849", 162564,Sepia bertheloti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,bertheloti,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1835 (in Férussac & d'Orbigny 1834-1848)",This species has been shown to be genetically distinct to both Sepia officinalis and Sepia heirredda. 162565,Loligo forbesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loligo,forbesii,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1856",Often mis-spelled as forbesi. The type locality is in the Atlantic Ocean (Sweeney 2012). 162566,Sepia hieronis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,hieronis,,,,,"(Robson, 1924)", 162567,Sepiella ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepiella,ornata,,,,,"(Rang, 1837)", 162568,Sepia irvingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,irvingi,,,,,"Meyer, 1909", 162569,Euprymna albatrossae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,albatrossae,,,,,"Voss, 1962",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162570,Sepia tala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,tala,,,,,"Khromov, Nikitina & Nesis, 1991", 162571,Octopus vulgaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,vulgaris,,,,,"Cuvier, 1797",

The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed.

162572,Inioteuthis japonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Inioteuthis,japonica,,,,,"(Tiselius, 1845 in Férussac & d'Orbigny 1834-1848)", 162573,Semirossia equalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Semirossia,equalis,,,,,"(Voss, 1950)", 162574,Sepioloidea pacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepioloidea,pacifica,,,,,"(Kirk, 1882)", 162575,Rossia megaptera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,megaptera,,,,,"Verrill, 1881", 162576,Stoloteuthis weberi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Stoloteuthis,weberi,,,,,"(Joubin, 1902)", 162577,Sepia kiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,kiensis,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885","The taxonomic status of this species is not clear. Roper and Sweeney (1998) do not include it in their list of valid species, yet it is included in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (www.itis.gov). Nesis (1987) implies that this species may be a junior synonym of Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1885." 162578,Sepia vercoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,vercoi,,,,,"Adam, 1979",Known only from cuttle bones until the redescription by Reid (2000). 162579,Sepia elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,elegans,,,,,"Blainville, 1827","Misidentifications with Sepia bertheloti d'Orbigny, 1835 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162580,Sepiola rondeleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,rondeleti,,,,,"Leach, 1834 in Férussac & d'Orbigny, 1834-1848", 162581,Sepia confusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,confusa,,,,,"Smith, 1916", 162582,Sepia chirotrema,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,chirotrema,,,,,"Berry, 1918", 162583,Sepia pardex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,pardex,,,,,"Sasaki, 1913","This is given by Reid, Jereb and Roper (2005) as Sepia pardex Sasaki, 1913. Sasaki first described this species as S. pardex in Japanese in an obscure publication (published in 1913), and republished it a year later in English with a slightly different name (as S. pardalis). The Japanese manuscript was discovered a few years ago hence the species epithet pardalis was changed back to the original pardex. They are the same entity, with the same type specimen." 162584,Sepia stellifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,stellifera,,,,,"Homenko & Khromov, 1984","Misidentifications with Sepia brevimana Steenstrup, 1875 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162585,Idiosepius minimus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,IDIOSEPIIDA,IDIOSEPIIDAE,Idiosepius,minimus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny in Férussac & d'Orbigny, 1835)","The type specimen is lost from the MNHN and type locality is given as 'coast of Africa' (Reid 2005). D'Orbigny described this as ""Bras tentaculaires long, cylindriques, sans elargissement a leur extremite; cette partie pourvue de deux rangees de petites cupules alternes pedonculees"" which translates approximately to 'tentacular arms long, cylindrical without enlargement at their end; this part with two rows of alternative stalked cups' - in other words, the exact features of Idiosepius biserialis. Given that the holotype (which is no longer extant) of I. minimus was collected from ""les cotes d'Afrique"" and I. biserialis was described from Mozambique, it is highly likely that I. minimus is the senior synonym. Also, von Byern and Klepal (2010) report on further collecting in this area yielding only a single species. We also treat I. macrocheir Voss, 1962, the holotype of which was also collected in Morrumbene, Mozambique, as a junior synonym. Von Byern and Klepal (2010) suggested that I. macrocheir is in fact synonymous with I. biserialis differing only through preservation distortion." 162586,Sepietta petersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepietta,petersi,,,,,"(Steenstrup, 1887)","We follow Nesis (1987) in treating this species as a senior synonym of Sepietta obscura Naef, 1916." 162587,Spirula spirula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SPIRULIDA,SPIRULIDAE,Spirula,spirula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Spirula's discontinuous distribution in the northern and southern hemisphere has led to suggestions that more than one species exists (e.g., Warnke 2007). Currently, this is the only species in the family Spirulidae." 162588,Sepia peterseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,peterseni,,,,,"Appellöf, 1886", 162589,Sepiola rossiaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,rossiaeformis,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1884", 162590,Sepia ivanovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,ivanovi,,,,,"Khromov, 1982", 162591,Sepia foliopeza,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,foliopeza,,,,,"Okutani & Tagawa, 1987", 162592,Sepiadarium auritum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepiadarium,auritum,,,,,"Robson, 1914", 162593,Sepia lorigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,lorigera,,,,,"Wülker, 1910", 162594,Sepia brevimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,brevimana,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1875","Misidentifications with Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885 and Sepia stellifera Homenko and Khromov, 1984 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162595,Iridoteuthis iris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Iridoteuthis,iris,,,,,"(Berry, 1909)", 162596,Sepia limata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,limata,,,,,"(Iredale, 1926)", 162597,Sepiola robusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,robusta,,,,,"Naef, 1912", 162598,Euprymna scolopes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,scolopes,,,,,"Berry, 1913",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162599,Euprymna berryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,berryi,,,,,"Sasaki, 1929",This species is very similar to Euprymna morsei (Reid and Jereb 2005). The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162600,Sepia kobiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,kobiensis,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885","This species is probably a species complex (Reid et al. 2005)." 162601,Austrorossia antillensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Austrorossia,antillensis,,,,,"(Voss, 1955)", 162602,Euprymna hyllebergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,hyllebergi,,,,,"Nateewathana, 1997",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162603,Sepia simoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,simoniana,,,,,"Thiele, 1920", 162604,Idiosepius pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,IDIOSEPIIDA,IDIOSEPIIDAE,Idiosepius,pygmaeus,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1881","Following Nesis (1987) we treat Idiosepius pygmaeus herbereri as a synonym of I. pygmaeus." 162605,Sepia bandensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,bandensis,,,,,"Adam, 1939", 162606,Sepia novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,novaehollandiae,,,,,"Hoyle, 1909", 162608,Sepia dollfusi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,dollfusi,,,,,"Adam, 1941", 162609,Sepiola birostrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,birostrata,,,,,"Sasaki, 1918", 162610,Sepietta neglecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepietta,neglecta,,,,,"Naef, 1916", 162611,Austrorossia enigmatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Austrorossia,enigmatica,,,,,"(Robson, 1924)","Voss (1962) suggests that this might be synonymous with Austrorossia mastigophora." 162612,Sepia papillata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,papillata,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1832", 162613,Sepia erostrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,erostrata,,,,,"Sasaki, 1929", 162614,Rossia tortugaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,tortugaensis,,,,,"Voss, 1956", 162615,Sepia adami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,adami,,,,,"Roeleveld, 1972","Only known from the type locality (Reid et al. 2005)." 162616,Semirossia tenera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Semirossia,tenera,,,,,"(Verrill, 1880)", 162617,Rossia moelleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,moelleri,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1856", 162618,Sepia cultrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,cultrata,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885", 162619,Sepia vermiculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,vermiculata,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1832", 162620,Sepiola aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,aurantiaca,,,,,"Jatta, 1896", 162621,Sepia aureomaculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,aureomaculata,,,,,"Okutani & Horikawa, 1987", 162622,Sepia cottoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,cottoni,,,,,"Adam, 1979", 162623,Sepia thurstoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,thurstoni,,,,,"Adam & Rees, 1966", 162624,Sepia reesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,reesi,,,,,"Adam, 1979","This species was known until recently from the single type cuttlebone (45 mm long). Recently A. Reid found a complete immature female specimen among the Western Australian Museum collections, confirming its status as valid (A. Reid pers. comm. 2010)." 162625,Sepiella mangkangunga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepiella,mangkangunga,,,,,"Reid & Lu, 1998", 162626,Sepia sulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,sulcata,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885", 162627,Sepia apama,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,apama,,,,,"Gray, 1849","Regional differences between male colour patterns suggest there may be distinct populations or subspecies (Norman 2003). Individuals from the east and southern coast show both genetic and morphological differences that suggest previous isolation and subsequent secondary contact to form a continuous distribution (Reid et al. 2005).  It has been suggested that the Spencer Gulf population may represent a separate species (Bronwyn Gillanders pers. comm. 2010)." 162628,Rossia mollicella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,mollicella,,,,,"Sasaki, 1920", 162629,Sepia braggi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,braggi,,,,,"Verco, 1907","Misidentifications include: Sepia bidhaia Reid, 2000; Sepia cottoni Adam, 1979; Sepia limata (Iredale, 1926); Sepia rhoda (Iredale, 1954); and Sepia vercoi Adam, 1979 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162630,Euprymna morsei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,morsei,,,,,"(Verrill, 1881)","This species is very similar to Euprymna berryi (Reid and Jereb 2005). The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005)." 162631,Sepiola atlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,atlantica,,,,,"d' Orbigny, 1839-1842 in Férussac & d'Orbigny 1834-1848", 162632,Pareledone charcoti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,charcoti,,,,,"(Joubin, 1905)",Pareledone charcoti is the type of the genus Pareledone. 162633,Sepia rhoda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,rhoda,,,,,"(Iredale, 1954)", 162634,Sepia hedleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,hedleyi,,,,,"Berry, 1918","Misidentifications with Sepia vossi Khromov, 1996 (as Sepia rex) (Reid et al. 2005)." 162635,Sepia recurvirostra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,recurvirostra,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1875", 162637,Sepia bathyalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,bathyalis,,,,,"Khromov, Nikitina & Nesis, 1991", 162638,Sepia acuminata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,acuminata,,,,,"Smith, 1916", 162639,Sepia elliptica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,elliptica,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885","Misidentifications include: Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885; Sepia madokai Adam, 1939a; Sepia stellifera Homenko and Khromov, 1984." 162640,Sepia subtenuipes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,subtenuipes,,,,,"Okutani & Horikawa, 1987", 162641,Sepia plathyconchalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,plathyconchalis,,,,,"Filippova & Khromov, 1991", 162642,Sepia mestus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,mestus,,,,,"Gray, 1849", 162643,Sepiola ligulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,ligulata,,,,,"Naef, 1912", 162644,Heteroteuthis dispar,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Heteroteuthis,dispar,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1844)","Reid and Jereb (2005) believe that subpopulations in the eastern and western Atlantic are probably isolated. In contrast, Vecchione and Young (2007) believe that this species may be synonymous with Heteroteuthis hawaiiensis (treated separately herein). Genetic data are required to solve these taxonomic issues." 162645,Sepia savignyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,savignyi,,,,,"Blainville, 1827","Is often misidentified with Sepia plathyconchalis Filippova & Khromov, 1991 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162646,Sepiola pfefferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,pfefferi,,,,,"Grimpe, 1921",The validity of this species has been questioned. 162647,Sepia typica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,typica,,,,,"(Steenstrup, 1875)","This species is insufficiently described (Khromov et al. 1998). It is one of five species in the Hemisepius species complex, the others being S. robsoni, S. pulchra, S. faurei and S. dubia. All five species are small (about 2cm mantle length) and are found off South Africa." 162648,Sepiella cyanea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepiella,cyanea,,,,,"Robson, 1924", 162649,Sepia carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,carinata,,,,,"Sasaki, 1920", 162650,Sepia joubini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,joubini,,,,,"Massy, 1927", 162651,Sepia elobyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,elobyana,,,,,"Adam, 1941", 162652,Sepia bidhaia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,bidhaia,,,,,"Reid, 2000", 162653,Sepia appellofi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,appellofi,,,,,"Wülker, 1910", 162654,Sepiola trirostrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,trirostrata,,,,,"Voss, 1962", 162655,Sepia burnupi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,burnupi,,,,,"Hoyle, 1904", 162656,Stoloteuthis maoria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Stoloteuthis,maoria,,,,,"(Dell, 1959)", 162657,Idiosepius paradoxus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,IDIOSEPIIDA,IDIOSEPIIDAE,Idiosepius,paradoxus,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1888)", 162658,Sepia incerta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,incerta,,,,,"Smith, 1916", 162659,Sepiola intermedia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,intermedia,,,,,"Naef, 1912", 162660,Sepia andreana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,andreana,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1875","Misidentifications with Sepia kobiensis Hoyle, 1885. Sepia andreana was misidentified possibly as S. kobiensis in Voss (1963) and the 1984 FAO cephalopod guide by Roper et al. (1984)." 162662,Sepia aculeata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,aculeata,,,,,"Van Hasselt, 1835 in Férussac & d'Orbigny, 1834-1848", 162663,Neorossia caroli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Neorossia,caroli,,,,,"(Joubin, 1902)","This species may consist of two subspecies Neorossia caroli jeannae (southwest Atlantic) and Neorossia caroli caroli (northeast, east and southeast Atlantic) (Reid and Jereb 2005)." 162664,Sepia officinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,officinalis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 162665,Sepiola knudseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Sepiola,knudseni,,,,,"Adam, 1983", 162666,Sepia esculenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,esculenta,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885","Misidentifications with Sepia elliptica Hoyle, 1885 and Sepia hoylei Ortmann, 1888 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162667,Sepia arabica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,arabica,,,,,"Massy, 1916", 162668,Sepia sokotriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,sokotriensis,,,,,"Khromov, 1988", 162669,Euprymna stenodactyla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,stenodactyla,,,,,"(Grant, 1833)",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162670,Sepia mirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,mirabilis,,,,,"Khromov, 1988", 162672,Inioteuthis maculosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Inioteuthis,maculosa,,,,,"Goodrich, 1896", 162673,Sepia rozella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,rozella,,,,,"(Iredale, 1926)", 162674,Euprymna hoylei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Euprymna,hoylei,,,,,"Adam, 1986",The taxonomy of this genus remains unresolved (Reid and Jereb 2005). 162676,Sepia whitleyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,whitleyana,,,,,"Iredale, 1926","Misidentifications with Sepia smithi Hoyle, 1885 (Reid et al. 2005)." 162677,Sepia angulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,angulata,,,,,"Roeleveld, 1972","This species is known only from cuttlebones (Reid et al. 2005)." 162678,Sepia sewelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,sewelli,,,,,"Adam & Rees, 1966", 162679,Sepia australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,australis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1832", 162680,Sepia opipara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,opipara,,,,,"(Iredale, 1926)", 162681,Metasepia pfefferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Metasepia,pfefferi,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)", 162682,Rondeletiola minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rondeletiola,minor,,,,,"(Naef, 1912)", 162683,Austrorossia australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Austrorossia,australis,,,,,"(Berry, 1918)", 162684,Sepiella ocellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepiella,ocellata,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1884",The taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain (Reid et al. 2005). Further collections are required from the type locality. 162685,Sepiadarium gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepiadarium,gracilis,,,,,"Voss, 1962", 162686,Idiosepius picteti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,IDIOSEPIIDA,IDIOSEPIIDAE,Idiosepius,picteti,,,,,"(Joubin, 1894)","The type locality is Ambon, Molucca Islands, Indonesia." 162687,Sepia zanzibarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,zanzibarica,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1884", 162695,Pareledone cornuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,cornuta,,,,,"Allcock, 2005", 162696,Adelieledone piatkowski,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Adelieledone,piatkowski,,,,,"Allcock, Hochberg, Rodhouse & Thorpe, 2003", 162697,Pareledone panchroma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,panchroma,,,,,"Allcock, 2005", 162698,Pareledone aurorae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,aurorae,,,,,"(Berry, 1917)",Lu and Stranks (1994) synonymised P. aurorae with P. charcoti but given the apparent limited range of P. charcoti it is likely that the species redescribed by Lu and Stranks (1994) as P. charcoti corresponds to P. aurorae. 162699,Thaumeledone rotunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Thaumeledone,rotunda,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)",This species is the type of Bentheledone. 162700,Adelieledone polymorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Adelieledone,polymorpha,,,,,"(Robson, 1930)", 162701,Praealtus paralbida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Praealtus,paralbida,,,,,"Allcock, Collins, Piatkowski & Vecchione, 2004",Single deep water species. The relationship between this genus and the poorly diagnosed genus Bentheledone requires revision. 162702,Thaumeledone marshalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Thaumeledone,marshalli,,,,,"O'Shea, 1999", 162703,Thaumeledone peninsulae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Thaumeledone,peninsulae,,,,,"Allcock, Collins, Piatkowski & Vecchione, 2004", 162704,Tetracheledone spinicirrus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Tetracheledone,spinicirrus,,,,,"Voss, 1955",Tetracheledone spinicirrus is the type species of the genus Tetracheledone by monotypy. 162705,Pareledone aurata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,aurata,,,,,"Allcock, 2005", 162706,Pareledone albimaculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,albimaculata,,,,,"Allcock, 2005", 162707,Pareledone subtilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,subtilis,,,,,"Allcock, 2005", 162708,Thaumeledone gunteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Thaumeledone,gunteri,,,,,"Robson, 1930", 162709,Thaumeledone zeiss,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Thaumeledone,zeiss,,,,,"O'Shea, 1999", 162710,Pareledone prydzensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,prydzensis,,,,,"Lu & Stranks, 1992", 162712,Thaumeledone brevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Thaumeledone,brevis,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","This species is the type species of the genus Thaumeledone, original designation by Robson (1930)." 162713,Pareledone serperastrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,serperastrata,,,,,"Allcock, 2005", 162714,Bathypurpurata profunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Bathypurpurata,profunda,,,,,"Vecchione, Allcock & Piatkowski, 2005","Known only from the type specimen, Bathypurpurata profunda is the type of this monotypic genus." 162715,Velodona togata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Velodona,togata,,,,,"Chun, 1915",Velodona togata is the type species of the genus Velodona by monotypy. 162716,Pareledone framensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,framensis,,,,,"Lu & Stranks, 1994", 162717,Pareledone felix,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,felix,,,,,"Allcock, Strugnell, Prodohl, Piatkowski & Vecchione, 2007", 162718,Adelieledone adelieana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Adelieledone,adelieana,,,,,"(Berry, 1917)", 162719,Vosseledone charrua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Vosseledone,charrua,,,,,"Palacio, 1978",Vosseledone charrua is the type species of the genus Vosseledone by monotypy. 162720,Pareledone turqueti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,turqueti,,,,,"(Joubin, 1905)","There are distinct morphological and genetic differences between the smooth-skinned Pareledone and the papillated (sensu Allcock 2005) Pareledone (Allcock, Strugnell and Johnson 2008). However, there is solid molecular evidence that the genus is monophyletic (Strugnell et al. 2008). P. turqueti and P. harrissoni (Berry 1917) and Moschites antarcticus (Thiele 1920) are the only described smooth-skinned species of Pareledone. We treat P. turqueti as the senior synonym of the other named smooth-skinned species." 162721,Pareledone aequipapillae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Pareledone,aequipapillae,,,,,"Allcock, 2005", 16287,Partula emersoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,emersoni,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1913", 162894,Bathyteuthis berryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,BATHYTEUTHIDA,BATHYTEUTHIDAE,Bathyteuthis,berryi,,,,,"Roper, 1968", 162897,Octopus micros,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,micros,,,,,"Norman, 2001",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162899,Amphitretus pelagicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,AMPHITRETIDAE,Amphitretus,pelagicus,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885","Idioctopus gracilipes Taki, 1962 is likely a junior synonym of Amphitretus pelagicus. Hochberg et al. (1992) suggest this on the basis of hectocotylised arm morphology. Voight (1997) places Idioctopodidae in synonymy of Amphitretidae based on additional characters. Until recently, A. thielei Robson, 1930 was considered to be a junior synonym of A. pelagicus, however O'Shea 1999 considers it to be a valid species." 16289,Partula guamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,guamensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1846", 162900,Todarodes filippovae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Todarodes,filippovae,,,,,"Adam, 1975","There is some confusion in the literature because until recently Russian researchers considered both T. angolensis and T. filippovae in the southern hemisphere to be the same species and did not discrimate between the two; they are now considered to be separate species (Dunning and Wormuth 1998)." 162901,Uroteuthis vossi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,vossi,,,,,"(Nesis, 1982)","The type locality is Port Langca, Dumaran Island, Philippine Islands (Sweeney 2012)." 162902,Mastigoteuthis cordiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,cordiformis,,,,,"Chun, 1908",This is one of the most taxonomically confused families of squid. 162903,Octopus huttoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,huttoni,,,,,"Benham, 1943",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162904,Enoploteuthis higginsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,higginsi,,,,,"Burgess, 1982","This species closely resembles the sympatric Enoploteuthis jonesi in appearance (Tsuchiya and Young 2009)." 162905,Enoploteuthis obliqua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,obliqua,,,,,"Burgess, 1982", 162906,Helicocranchia pfefferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Helicocranchia,pfefferi,,,,,"Massy, 1907","The type locality is off Ireland (51°54'N, 11°57'W) in the northeast Atlantic. Because there are so many undescribed species in this genus, the distribution of Helicocranchia pfefferi outside the northeast Atlantic is very uncertain. It is likely that the species referred to around Hawaii as H. pfefferi is in fact a different (and probably undescribed) species (Young and Mangold 2014)." 162907,Octopus vitiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,vitiensis,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162908,Histioteuthis miranda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,miranda,,,,,"(Berry, 1918)", 162909,Egea inermis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Egea,inermis,,,,,"Joubin, 1933","Egea inermis is the only recognized species in the genus. However, Voss et al. (1992) believe this nominal species might actually comprise two species." 162910,Chtenopteryx sicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,BATHYTEUTHIDA,CHTENOPTERYGIDAE,Chtenopteryx,sicula,,,,,"(Verany, 1851)","This is the type species of the genus. The type locality is off Messina, Italy. The identity of C. sicula remains uncertain as two similar species appear to be present in the Mediterranean Sea and it is not clear to which the original description pertains (Young and Vecchione 2006).  Hence, it is not possible to determine the true distribution of C. sicula and further taxonomic work is urgently required." 162911,Octopus joubini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,joubini,,,,,"Robson, 1929",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162912,Ameloctopus litoralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Ameloctopus,litoralis,,,,,"Norman, 1992","This is the only species in the monotypic genus Ameloctopus." 162913,Callistoctopus nocturnus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,nocturnus,,,,,"(Norman & Sweeney, 1997)", 162914,Muusoctopus longibrachus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,longibrachus,,,,,"(Ibañez, Sepulveda & Chong, 2006)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognized as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

Gleadall et al. 2010 described a subspecies from around the Falkland Islands.  Holotype BMNH20090272, collected coastal waters off Argentina, Bahia San Julian, 49°22’S 66°7’W in 258m water depth." 162916,Leachia atlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Leachia,atlantica,,,,,"(Degner, 1925)","The type locality of this species i in the eastern North Atlantic at 36°, 10°W (Young and Mangold 2007)" 162917,Opisthoteuthis mero,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,mero,,,,,"O’Shea, 1999","
" 162918,Grimpoteuthis innominata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,innominata,,,,,"(O’Shea, 1999)","O'Shea (1999) created the genus Enigmatiteuthis for this species. Collins (2003), in his review of North Atlantic species of Grimpoteuthis, placed Enigmatiteuthis as a junior synonym of Grimpoteuthis. Grimpoteuthis innominata is known from only two specimens, both from the type locality: 42° 36.79'S, 176° 09.81'W, 2,000 m depth.
" 162919,Octopoteuthis danae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Octopoteuthis,danae,,,,,"Joubin, 1931",The species of this genus are poorly defined. 162920,Afrololigo mercatoris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Afrololigo,mercatoris,,,,,"(Adam, 1941)","The type locality is Luderitz Bay, southwestern Africa, South Atlantic Ocean (Sweeney 2012)." 162922,Abralia spaercki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,spaercki,,,,,"Grimpe, 1931","The relationship of this species with Abralia multihamata is still undetermined (Tsuchiya 2009)." 162923,Loliolus uyii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loliolus,uyii,,,,,"(Wakiya & Ishikawa,1921)","The type locality is the Bay of Kagoshima, Kii, Japan (Sweeney 2012). This species may be a junior synonym of Loliolus sumatrensis. This requires further research." 162924,Amphioctopus polyzenia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,polyzenia,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 162925,Histioteuthis heteropsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,heteropsis,,,,,"(Berry, 1913)", 162926,Eucleoteuthis luminosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Eucleoteuthis,luminosa,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1915)", 162928,Octopoteuthis nielseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Octopoteuthis,nielseni,,,,,"Robson, 1948",The species of this genus are poorly defined. 162929,Muusoctopus normani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,normani,,,,,"(Massy, 1907)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle, 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 162930,Gonatopsis borealis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatopsis,borealis,,,,,"Sasaki, 1923","This moderate sized species of squid appears to consist of large, slender and small body types (Kubodera 2006). The taxonomic status of these morphs have not been assessed (Kubodera 2006)." 162931,Gonatus madokai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,madokai,,,,,"Kubodera & Okutani,1977", 162932,Octopus nanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,nanus,,,,,"Adam, 1973",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162933,Abraliopsis pacificus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,pacificus,,,,,"Tsuchiya & Okutani,1990", 162934,Histioteuthis eltaninae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,eltaninae,,,,,"Voss, 1969", 162935,Pickfordiateuthis pulchella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Pickfordiateuthis,pulchella,,,,,"Voss, 1953","The type locality is the Old Rhodes Key, Florida, Gulf of Mexico (Sweeney 2012)." 162937,Eledone palari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ELEDONIDAE,Eledone,palari,,,,,"C.C. Lu & Stranks, 1992", 162938,Stigmatoteuthis hoylei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Stigmatoteuthis,hoylei,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1896)", 162939,Cirrothauma magna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,CIRROTEUTHIDAE,Cirrothauma,magna,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","This species is only known from four specimens. Hoyle (1885) described it on the basis of two specimens: one from off Valpariso (Chile) and the other from off the Crozet Islands. Robson (1932) considered the Crozet specimen to be a different species for which he erected Cirroteuthis hoylei, now considered nomen dubium. Further taxonomic work is required on this species before its true distribution can be elucidated. See also Guerra et al. (1998) and Collins et al. (2001)." 162940,Uroteuthis bengalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,bengalensis,,,,,"(Jothinayagam, 1987)","The type locality is off Madras, Bay of Bengal, India (Sweeney 2012)." 162941,Cranchia scabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Cranchia,scabra,,,,,"Leach, 1817","This is the only species in the genus Cranchia." 162942,Taonius pavo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Taonius,pavo,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)","This genus contains at least three species (Taonius borealis, Taonius pavo and Taonius belone) (Young and Mangold 2009), although Voss and co-workers (1992) suggest as many as five species may occur." 162943,Mastigoteuthis famelica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,famelica,,,,,"(Berry, 1909)",This is one of the most taxonomically confused families of squid. 162944,Brachioteuthis behnii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,BRACHIOTEUTHIDAE,Brachioteuthis,behnii,,,,,"(Steenstrup, 1882)","The validity of this species has been questioned (Nesis 1987, Roper and Jereb 2010)." 162945,Histioteuthis meleagroteuthis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,meleagroteuthis,,,,,"(Chun, 1910)", 162946,Opisthoteuthis medusoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,medusoides,,,,,"Thiele in Chun, 1915","This species was described from two poorly preserved individuals. A redescription is needed to resolve taxonomic issues (Young and Vecchione 2003). The type locality is 6°39.1'S, 39°30.8'E, 400 m, near Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean, off east African coast (400 m)." 162948,Liguriella podophthalma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Liguriella,podophthalma,,,,,"Issel, 1908","This is currently the only species in the genus, however, Voss et al. (1992) suggest that it may consist of two or more species and that this currently recognized cosmopolitan species may in fact be a species complex." 162950,Gonatus onyx,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,onyx,,,,,"Young, 1972", 162951,Abraliopsis chuni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,chuni,,,,,"Nesis, 1982","According to Tsuchiya (2009) ""Abraliopsis chuni is based on the illustration of the enoploteuthid squid from the Indian North Equatorial Current in Chun (1910). Details of morphology and distribution are still unertain. Chun (1910) redescribed Abraliopsis morisii (Vérany, 1839) from Atlantic and Indian Ocean specimens. The illustrations accompanying the text clearly show that more than one species was included in the description. Subsequently, Nesis (1982) named, on the basis of these illustrations, two new species of Abraliopsis (i.e., A. atlantica and A. chuni).""" 162952,Grimalditeuthis bonplandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Grimalditeuthis,bonplandi,,,,,"(Verany, 1839)","This is the only member of the genus Grimalditeuthis." 162953,Galiteuthis pacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Galiteuthis,pacifica,,,,,"(Robson, 1948)", 162954,Hapalochlaena maculosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Hapalochlaena,maculosa,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1883)", 162955,Bathypolypus arcticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,BATHYPOLYPODIDAE,Bathypolypus,arcticus,,,,,"(Prosch, 1847)",This species was redescribed by Muus (2002) 162956,Brachioteuthis picta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,BRACHIOTEUTHIDAE,Brachioteuthis,picta,,,,,"Chun, 1910", 162957,Bathypolypus valdiviae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,BATHYPOLYPODIDAE,Bathypolypus,valdiviae,,,,,"(Thiele in Chun, 1915)", 162958,Enteroctopus dofleini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Enteroctopus,dofleini,,,,,"(Wülker, 1910)", 162959,Dosidicus gigas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Dosidicus,gigas,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1835)","D. gigas is a well defined species that cannot be confused with any other squid. Within its geographic range, however, there is great variation in the size and age at maturity and size frequency distribution. But there is no evidence at present (2009) that any subpopulations are genetically distinct although Nigmatullin et al. (2001) suggest that they may be separate stocks." 162961,Joubiniteuthis portieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,JOUBINITEUTHIDAE,Joubiniteuthis,portieri,,,,,"(Joubin, 1916)",This is the only species in the family Joubiniteuthidae (Young 2008). 162962,Planctoteuthis oligobessa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Planctoteuthis,oligobessa,,,,,"Young, 1972", 162963,Muusoctopus pseudonymus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,pseudonymus,,,,,"(Grimpe, 1922)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

There are taxonomic issues surrounding this species. Only the holotype can be confirmed as this species. It is possibly a junior synonym of Muusoctopus normani (Massy 1907) but there is considerable distance between the known distributions (separated by deep water). Furthermore, although it shares the small suckers and VV funnel organ, its gill lamellae counts are marginally outside those of M. normani.  It is likely a valid but poorly known species." 162964,Enoploteuthis semilineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,semilineata,,,,,"Alexeyev, 1994","This species is similar in appearance and photophore arrangement to Enoploteuthis chuni and Enoploteuthis galaxias which also occur in the Pacific (Tsuchiya 2000). Its taxonomic status in regard to E. galaxias is uncertain (Tsuchiya 2000)." 162966,Graneledone challengeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,challengeri,,,,,"(Berry, 1916)", 162967,Opisthoteuthis robsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,robsoni,,,,,"O’Shea, 1999","This species is known from four male specimens only (O'Shea et al. 2003). In general morphology it is similar to O. chathamensis and O. mero, but differs notably from them in anatomy (O'Shea 1998)
" 162968,Enoploteuthis anapsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,anapsis,,,,,"Roper, 1964", 162969,Uroteuthis duvauceli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,duvauceli,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1835 in Ferussac & d'Orbigny, 1834-1848)","The syntypes that are not extant were from India, Sumatra (Sweeney 2012) and possibly other places. This species may be a species complex (Jereb et al. 2010)." 162971,Amphioctopus neglectus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,neglectus,,,,,"(Nateewathana & Norman, 1999)", 162972,Megalocranchia oceanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Megalocranchia,oceanica,,,,,"(Voss, 1960)","Currently three nominal taxa are recognised in the genus (Megalocranchia fisheri, M. maxima, M. oceanica), although Voss et al. (1992) suggest that six species may occur." 162973,Pickfordiateuthis vossi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Pickfordiateuthis,vossi,,,,,"Brakoniecki, 1996","The type locality is Bahia Magdelena, Mexico at 24.6o N, 112.1o W (Sweeney 2012)." 162974,Octopus mimus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,mimus,,,,,"Gould, 1852",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 162975,Hapalochlaena fasciata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Hapalochlaena,fasciata,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1886)", 162976,Octopus campbelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,campbelli,,,,,"Smith, 1902",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162977,Cirroctopus glacialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,CIRROCTOPODIDAE,Cirroctopus,glacialis,,,,,"(Robson, 1930)","This species was originally described as Cirroteuthis glacialis Robson, 1930 from the Schollaert Channel, Palmer Archipelago; 64°21'S, 62°58'W. O'Shea (1999) raises the possibility that Cirroctopus antarctica (Kubodera and Okutani, 1986), from 62° 59'S, 62° 09'W, 804 m depth, may be a junior synonym of Cirroctopus glacialis. Collins and Villanueva (2006), however, point out that the description of the beaks given by Vecchione et al. (1998) for C. glacialis suggests that these species may be distinct. We retain them as separate species for now. It is possible that all Antarctic Cirroctopus specimens pertain to a single species. In this case, C. mawsoni would have precedence over and be the senior synonym of C. antarctica and C. glacialis.


" 162978,Amphioctopus siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,siamensis,,,,,"(Nateewathana & Norman, 1999)", 162979,Teuthowenia maculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Teuthowenia,maculata,,,,,"(Leach, 1817)", 162980,Mastigoteuthis psychrophila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,psychrophila,,,,,"Nesis, 1977","This species forms part of the Mastigoteuthis agassizii species group that is based on morphological similarities (Vecchione et al. 2007). It is currently composed of three species: Mastigoteuthis agassizii, from tropical to temperate regions of the Atlantic, M. dentata, from tropical to temperate regions of the Indo-Pacific, and M. psychrophila from Southern Ocean (Young and Vecchione 2007). This species is similar in appearance to both M. agassizii and M. dentata (Young and Vecchione 2007)." 162981,Uroteuthis edulis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,edulis,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","The holotype was purchased in the market at Yokohama, Japan (Sweeney 2012).  Marked polymorphism has been noted in this species and it is possible that it comprises a suite of cryptic species (Chotiyaputta et al. 1992; Jereb et al. 2010)." 162982,Abraliopsis tui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,tui,,,,,"Riddell, 1985", 162983,Octopus verrucosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,verrucosus,,,,,"Joyle, 1885",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 162984,Abralia heminuchalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,heminuchalis,,,,,"Burgess, 1992","This species is very similar in appearance to Abralia siedleckyi and may be its junior synonym (Tsuchiya and Young 2009)." 162985,Doryteuthis ocula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,ocula,,,,,"(Cohen, 1976)","The type locality is the Caribbean Sea, Western Atlantic Ocean 22° 59' N, 78° 43' W (Sweeney 2012)." 162986,Japetella diaphana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,AMPHITRETIDAE,Japetella,diaphana,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885","Following Young (2008), we herein treat Dorsopsis taningi Thore, 1949 and Eledonella heathi Berry, 1911 as junior synonyms of Japatella diaphana. The type locality of D. taningi is 13o31' N 18o03'W (off The Gambia), that of E. heathi is Albatross Station 4393 near San Diego, California, whilst that of the J. diaphana is north of Papua New Guinea (0o42'S 147oE). Molecular work may eventually show that Japatella comprises more than one species, but there is insufficient evidence currently to support this." 162987,Euaxoctopus scalenus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Euaxoctopus,scalenus,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1904)", 162988,Vitreledonella richardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,AMPHITRETIDAE,Vitreledonella,richardi,,,,,"Joubin, 1918","Thore (1949) moved to place V. alberti Joubin, 1924, V. ingeborgae Joubin, 1929 and V. translucida Robson, 1930 into the synonymy of V. richardi after examination of these and 113 specimens of various sizes caught during the Dana expeditions." 162989,Octopus wolfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,wolfi,,,,,"Wülker, 1913",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162990,Eledone caparti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ELEDONIDAE,Eledone,caparti,,,,,"Adam, 1950", 162991,Octopus pallidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,pallidus,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162992,Grimpella thaumastocheir,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Grimpella,thaumastocheir,,,,,"Robson, 1928",This species is the only representative of this monospecific taxon. 162994,Gonatus californiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,californiensis,,,,,"Young, 1972", 162996,Onykia carriboea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onykia,carriboea,,,,,"Lesueur, 1821","This species is known only from small juveniles which makes it difficult to distinguish from other Onykia species (Vecchione et al. 2003). Subadult Onykia robsoni taken in the Gulf of Mexico are likely to synonymous with O. carriboea (Vecchione et al. 2003)." 162997,Doryteuthis opalescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,opalescens,,,,,"(Berry, 1911)",The type locality is in Puget Sound in the eastern North Pacific (Sweeney 2012). 162998,Octopus pumilus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,pumilus,,,,,"Norman & Sweeney, 1997",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

162999,Notonykia africanae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Notonykia,africanae,,,,,"Nesis, Roeleveld & Nikitina, 1998", 163002,Illex illecebrosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Illex,illecebrosus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)", 163003,Opisthoteuthis japonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,japonica,,,,,"Taki, 1962","Collins and Villanueva (2006) suggest that the status of this species is unclear and that an updated classification of the Opisthoteuthis in the North Pacific is needed.  The species is similar to O. albatrossi (Collins and Villanueva 2006)." 163004,Octopus bimaculoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,bimaculoides,,,,,"Pickford & McConnaughey, 1949",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 163006,Octopus maya,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,maya,,,,,"Voss & Solis, 1966",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 163007,Bathyteuthis bacidifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,BATHYTEUTHIDA,BATHYTEUTHIDAE,Bathyteuthis,bacidifera,,,,,"Roper, 1968", 163008,Lycoteuthis lorigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,LYCOTEUTHIDAE,Lycoteuthis,lorigera,,,,,"(Steenstrup, 1875)","Females of this species are identical to female Lycoteuthis springeri (Vecchione and Young 1999). Based on geographic distribution and morphological similarity, it is currently considered that Lycoteuthis diadema is synonmous with L. lorigera (Vecchione and Young 2008)." 163009,Macrotritopus scorpio,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Macrotritopus,scorpio,,,,,"(Berry, 1920)",This species is only known from planktonic larvae which means its taxonomic status is not fully resolved. 163010,Paroctopus digueti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Paroctopus,digueti,,,,,"Perrier & Rochebrune, 1894", 163011,Cirrothauma murrayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,CIRROTEUTHIDAE,Cirrothauma,murrayi,,,,,"Chun, 1911","Cirrothauma murrayi Chun, 1911 is the type species of the genus Cirrothauma." 163012,Grimpoteuthis tuftsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,tuftsi,,,,,"Voss & Pearcy, 1990","This species was described as Grimpoteuthis tuftsi Voss and Pearcy 1990. It is known only from the type series of seven specimens all collected on the Tufts Abyssal Plain off Oregon, USA. The type locality is at 45°05.2'N, 134°43.4'W. O’Shea (1999) and O’Shea and Lu (2002) suggested that G. tuftsi should be included in Luteuthis, but we follow Collins and Villanueva (2006) and consider it a species of Grimpoteuthis. The Atlantic abyssal species G. challengeri Collins, 2003 is very similar. Both species possess a radula (Collins and Villanueva 2006), a feature that is generally absent in grimpoteuthid species, and may be closely related." 163013,Muusoctopus sibiricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,sibiricus,,,,,"(Loyning, 1930)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

However, this species has enlarged suckers, and, as such, is probably not a member of Muusoctopus.  Gleadall (pers. comm.) was proposing erecting a neotype to stabilize the taxonomy due to the excessively poor condition of the holotype.  We retain this species in Muusoctopus pending this action." 163014,Microeledone mangoldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Microeledone,mangoldi,,,,,"Norman, Hochberg & Boucher-Rodoni, 2004","Microeledone mangoldi is only known from the type specimen (Norman et al. 2004). It is the type species of the genus Microeledone by monotypy." 163015,Octopus veligero,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,veligero,,,,,"Berry, 1953",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163017,Heterololigo bleekeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Heterololigo,bleekeri,,,,,"(Keferstein, 1866)","The type locality is given simply as ""Japan"" (Sweeney 2012)." 163018,Macrochlaena winckworthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Macrochlaena,winckworthi,,,,,"(Robson, 1926)", 163019,Enoploteuthis galaxias,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,galaxias,,,,,"Berry, 1918","The taxonomic relationship of this species to A. semilineata is not clear.  They may be synonymous." 163020,Doryteuthis plei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,plei,,,,,"(Blainville, 1823)","The type locality is Martinique, West Indies, western North Atlantic Ocean (Sweeney 2012)." 163022,Grimpoteuthis meangensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,meangensis,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","Grimpoteuthis meangensis Hoyle 1985 was originally described from a single, damaged animal of unknown sex from 4°33'N, 127°06'E in the Philippines. Subsequently Hoyle (1886) illustrated a small octopod from the South Pacific (over 2,000 km south of the type locality) which he assumed to be the same species. Young and Vecchione (2003) believe that this specimen from 915 m depth off the Kermadec Islands (Collins and Villanueva 2006) does not pertain to G. meangensis  and we therefore assume that G. meangensis is known only from the type locality. Young and Vecchione (2003) emphasise that new material is required to provide an adequate redescription.
" 163024,Abralia robsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,robsoni,,,,,"Grimpe, 1931","This species may be synonymous with Abralia andamanica (Young et al. 1998)." 163025,Selenoteuthis scintillans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,LYCOTEUTHIDAE,Selenoteuthis,scintillans,,,,,"Voss, 1958", 163026,Psychroteuthis glacialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PSYCHROTEUTHIDAE,Psychroteuthis,glacialis,,,,,"Thiele, 1920",A second similar and undescribed species also occurs in the Southern Ocean (Roper and Sweeney 1992). 163027,Alloteuthis media,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Alloteuthis,media,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species, described by Linnaeus, simply has 'pelago' as its type locality. This is problematic because molecular work has shown that features traditionally used to separate this species from A. subulata are not useful. Hence the delineation of these two species is currently very problematic. Nonetheless, molecular work has confirmed that two species do indeed exist (Anderson et al. 2008)." 163028,Abralia redfieldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,redfieldi,,,,,"Voss, 1955","It is similar in appearance to the Pacific Ocean species, Abralia similis (Tsuchiya and Young 2009)." 163029,Argonauta nodosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ARGONAUTIDAE,Argonauta,nodosa,,,,,"Lightfoot, 1786","Earlier workers attribute the name to Solander. This attribution relates to an unpublished manuscript (which fails to meet Art. 8 and hence does not constitute a nomenclatural act) referred to in Lightfoot's (1786) sale catalogue. There is no description in the sale catalogue but this also refers to Rumphius (1705). Although the latter predates the starting point for zoological nomenclature (Art. 3) the information therein may be referred to. Hence A. nodosa Lightfoot, 1876 is a valid name." 163030,Abralia grimpei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,grimpei,,,,,"Voss, 1959","This species is similar in appearance to Abralia redfieldi, Abralia similis and Abralia omiae but is recognisable by the extra photophores on the eye (Tsuchiya 2009)." 163031,Octopus hattai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,hattai,,,,,"Sasaki, 1929",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163032,Callistoctopus alpheus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,alpheus,,,,,"(Norman, 1993)", 163033,Chiroteuthis mega,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Chiroteuthis,mega,,,,,"(Joubin, 1932)",
 163034,Graneledone gonzalezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,gonzalezi,,,,,"Guerra, Gonzalez & Cherel, 2000","The status of Graneledone sp. A (Kubodera and Okutani 1994) is not clear, but it may pertain to G. gonzalezi, extending the known range of G. gonzalezi." 163035,Abraliopsis lineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,lineata,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1896)", 163036,Abdopus abaculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Abdopus,abaculus,,,,,"(Norman & Sweeney, 1997)", 163037,Abralia astrolineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,astrolineata,,,,,"Berry, 1914", 163038,Abralia armata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,armata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)", 163040,Octopus penicillifer,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,penicillifer,,,,,"Berry, 1954",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.


163041,Loliolus beka,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loliolus,beka,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1929)","The type locality is Kojima Bay, Japan (Sweeney 2012)." 163042,Cirroteuthis muelleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,CIRROTEUTHIDAE,Cirroteuthis,muelleri,,,,,"Eschricht, 1836","Originally described as Cirroteuthis muelleri Eschricht, 1836, this species is considered to be the only valid species in this genus since C. hoylei Robson, 1932 is considered nomen dubium (Collins and Villanueva 2006)." 163045,Uroteuthis chinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,chinensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","The syntypes were obtained from the Canton market, China (Sweeney 2012).  This species may be a species complex (Chotiyaputta et al. 1992; Jereb et al. 2010)." 163047,Eledone massyae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ELEDONIDAE,Eledone,massyae,,,,,"Voss, 1964",The genus Eledone contains six species and is in need of revision. 163048,Bentheledone albida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Bentheledone,albida,,,,,"(Berry, 1917)","Known only from a single type specimen. Type locality: Antarctica, off Wilkes Land" 163049,Uroteuthis pickfordi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,pickfordi,,,,,"(Adam, 1954)","

The type locality is given as the coast, south of Flores [Cote Sud de Flores], in island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, which extend east from Java, Indonesia at 122o 39' E (Sweeney 2012).

" 163050,Ancistrocheirus lesueuri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ANCISTROCHEIRIDAE,Ancistrocheirus,lesueuri,,,,,"(Orbigny, 1842 pl 14 [In Ferussac & Orbigny, 1834-1848])","Differences in morphology between paralarvae in the Atlantic and Pacific suggest more than one species exists (Young et al. 1992), however, currently not enough specimens from different regions are available for proper species-level comparisons (Vecchione and Young 2008). Thelidioteuthis alessandrini is the misidentified juvenile form of this species (Bello 1992)." 163051,Nematolampas regalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,LYCOTEUTHIDAE,Nematolampas,regalis,,,,,"Berry, 1913",This species is only known from two male specimens. 163052,Abraliopsis morisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,morisi,,,,,"(Verany, 1839)","This species now has precedence over Abraliopsis pfefferi which is now considered to be the junior synonym (Tsuchiya 2009)." 163053,Muusoctopus berryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,berryi,,,,,"(Robson, 1924)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle, 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

The type locality of this species is southwest of Cape Town in 2,194 m water depth.  The holotype is BMNH 1924.9.9.23.  We know of no records apart from the original description." 163054,Opisthoteuthis depressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,depressa,,,,,"Ijima & Ikeda,1895","Collins and Villanueva (2006) suggest that the status of this species is unclear and that an updated classification of the Opisthoteuthis in the North Pacific is needed." 163055,Octopus cyanea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,cyanea,,,,,"Gray, 1849",

The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed.

163056,Histioteuthis oceani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,oceani,,,,,"(Robson, 1948)", 163057,Callistoctopus graptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,graptus,,,,,"(Norman, 1993)", 163058,Lolliguncula argus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Lolliguncula,argus,,,,,"Brakoniecki & Roper,1985","The type locality is La Plata Island, Ecuador (Sweeney 2012)." 163059,Nototodarus sloanii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Nototodarus,sloanii,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 163060,Muusoctopus robustus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,robustus,,,,,"(Voss & Pearcy, 1990)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163061,Galeoctopus lateralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Galeoctopus,lateralis,,,,,"Norman, Boucher-Rodoni & Hochberg, 2004",


163063,Abraliopsis hoylei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,hoylei,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1884)","The validity of this species is in doubt since the type specimen is damaged and the type locality is uncertain (Tsuchiya 2009). Furthermore, records from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are likely to be misidentifications (Tsuchiya 2009)." 163064,Onychoteuthis meridiopacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,meridiopacifica,,,,,"Rancurel & Okutani,1990", 163065,Opisthoteuthis californiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,californiana,,,,,"Berry, 1949","The sucker pattern of males is very similar to that of O. californiana and the two species could be synonymous, suggesting that an updated classification of Opisthoteuthis in the North Pacific is needed (Young and Vecchione 2003, Collins and Villanueva 2006).

" 163066,Tremoctopus robsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,TREMOCTOPODIDAE,Tremoctopus,robsoni,,,,,"Kirk, 1884","The systematics of Tremoctopodidae was reviewed by Thomas (1977). He concluded that two species existed, T. violaceus, comprising the subspecie T. v. violaceus in the Atlantic Ocean and T. v. gracilis in the Pacific Ocean, and a new deep-water species T. gelatus Thomas, 1977.  O'Shea (1999) resurrected the New Zealand species, T. robsoni. Given that T. v. violaceus was no more different from T. robsoni than it was from T. v. gracilis, Mangold et al. (2008) elevated the two subspecies of T. violaceus to specific level." 163067,Sandalops melancholicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Sandalops,melancholicus,,,,,"Chun, 1906","This is currently the only species in the genus, however, Voss and co-workers (1992) suggest that it may in fact consist of 3-4 closely related species." 163068,Gonatopsis octopedatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatopsis,octopedatus,,,,,"Sasaki, 1920", 163069,Octopus mercatoris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,mercatoris,,,,,"Adam, 1937","

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

Type locality: Gulf of Mexico, United States, Florida, off Dry Tortugas and Tampa (Jereb et al. 2014)." 163070,Lycoteuthis springeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,LYCOTEUTHIDAE,Lycoteuthis,springeri,,,,,"(Voss, 1956)","It is currently considered that specimens identified as Lycoteuthis diadema in the North Atlantic are synonmous with L. springeri (Vecchione and Young 2008)." 163071,Ornithoteuthis volatilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Ornithoteuthis,volatilis,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1915)", 163072,Octopus berrima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,berrima,,,,,"Stranks & Norman, 1993",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163073,Histioteuthis bonnellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,bonnellii,,,,,"(Ferussac, 1834)","The disjunct distribution and variable morphology of H. bonnellii specimens suggest several distinct populations occur. For example, based on spermatophore morphology three separate populations may occur in the Atlantic (i.e. Southwest Atlantic, Eastern Tropical Atlantic and Northwest Atlantic) (Young and Vecchione 2009)." 163074,Opisthoteuthis bruuni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,bruuni,,,,,"(Voss, 1982)","Collins (2003) stated that Grimpoteuthis bruuni should be placed in the genus Opisthoteuthis as it possesses three bundles in the optic nerve complex, lateral wings of the shell that taper to fine points and two fields of enlarged suckers in the males. Collins and Villanueva (2006) also placed this species in the genus Opisthoteuthis. The specific name has often been misspelt, but bruuni is the original spelling (Voss 1982). The type locality is 23°41'S, 70°34'W.


" 163075,Ocythoe tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCYTHOIDAE,Ocythoe,tuberculata,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1814", 163076,Pteroctopus tetracirrhus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Pteroctopus,tetracirrhus,,,,,"(Chiaie, 1830)", 163077,Amphitretus thielei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,AMPHITRETIDAE,Amphitretus,thielei,,,,,"Robson, 1930","Treated as a subspecies (A. pelagicus thielei Robson, 1930) by Nesis (1987) and as a synonym of A. pelagicus by many authors, O'Shea (1999) recognised A. thielei to merit specific status based primarily on differences in number of gill lamellae and suckers on the hectocotylized arm, and its association with different water masses." 163078,Callistoctopus luteus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,luteus,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1929)", 163079,Mastigoteuthis atlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,atlantica,,,,,"Joubin, 1933","This species forms part of the Mastigoteuthis glaukopsis species group. It is currently composed of three species: Mastigoteuthis atlantica, in the Atlantic Ocean; M. famelica, in the Pacific Ocean; and M. glaukopis in the Indian Ocean. There is little difference in the morphology of M. glaukopis and M. atlantica and the two species may be synonymous (Vecchione and Young 2007)." 163080,Argonauta argo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ARGONAUTIDAE,Argonauta,argo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Numerous species of Argonauta have been described. A full list is given by Mangold, Vecchione and Young (2008). Taxonomic work on this genus is required, but A. argo is undoubtedly a good species and is the type species of the genus. We treat A. pacifica (type locality California) as a junior synonym of A. argo (type locality Mediterranean Sea)." 163081,Lolliguncula brevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Lolliguncula,brevis,,,,,"(Blainville, 1823)","The type locality is given as ""Brazil and Carolina strands"" (Sweeney 2012)." 163082,Tremoctopus gelatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,TREMOCTOPODIDAE,Tremoctopus,gelatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1977","The systematics of Tremoctopodidae was reviewed by Thomas (1977). He concluded that two species existed, T. violaceus, comprising the subspecies T. v. violaceus in the Atlantic Ocean and T. v. gracilis in the Pacific Ocean, and a new deep-water species T. gelatus Thomas, 1977.  O'Shea (1999) resurrected the New Zealand species, T. robsoni. Given that T. v. violaceus was no more different from T. robsoni than it was from T. v. gracilis, Mangold et al. (2008) elevated the two subspecies of T. violaceus to specific level." 163083,Argonauta nouryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ARGONAUTIDAE,Argonauta,nouryi,,,,,"Lorois, 1852", 163084,Robsonella fontanianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Robsonella,fontanianus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1834)", 163085,Nototodarus hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Nototodarus,hawaiiensis,,,,,"(Berry, 1912)", 163086,Octopoteuthis megaptera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Octopoteuthis,megaptera,,,,,"(Verrill, 1885)",The species of this genus are poorly defined. 163087,Amphioctopus robsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,robsoni,,,,,"(Adam, 1941)", 163088,Leachia pacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Leachia,pacifica,,,,,"(Issel, 1908)","This is a possible species complex (Voss et al. 1992)." 163089,Pyroteuthis addolux,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PYROTEUTHIDAE,Pyroteuthis,addolux,,,,,"Young, 1972", 163090,Grimpoteuthis plena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,plena,,,,,"(Verrill, 1885)","Collins and Villanueva (2006) note that Grimpoteuthis plena is known only from a single, small and damaged specimen. The type locality is in the northwest Atlantic, 37°35'N, 71°18.8'W, 1,963 m depth. Grimpoteuthis umbellata may be the senior synonym of both G. plena and G. wuelkeri, but until further specimens are available from various type localities, the taxonomic issues cannot be resolved." 163091,Octopus parvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,parvus,,,,,"Sasaki, 1917",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163092,Octopus favonius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,favonius,,,,,"Gray, 1849",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163094,Abraliopsis felis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,felis,,,,,"McGowan & Okutani,1968","It has been suggested that Abraliopsis felis is sufficiently different to be placed in its own subgenus, Boreabraliopsis (Young and Tsuchiya 2009)." 163095,Brachioteuthis riisei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,BRACHIOTEUTHIDAE,Brachioteuthis,riisei,,,,,"(Steenstrup, 1882)",This species may actually represent a species complex (Roper and Jereb 2010). 163096,Enoploteuthis jonesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,jonesi,,,,,"Burgess, 1982","This species closely resembles the sympatric Enoploteuthis higginsi in appearance (Tsuchiya and Young 2009)." 163097,Loliolus hardwickei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loliolus,hardwickei,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","The type locality is 'India' (Sweeney, 2012)." 163098,Octopus alecto,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,alecto,,,,,"Berry, 1953",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163099,Octopus balboai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,balboai,,,,,"Voss, 1971",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163100,Octopus argus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,argus,,,,,"Krauss, 1848",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163101,Brachioteuthis beanii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,BRACHIOTEUTHIDAE,Brachioteuthis,beanii,,,,,"Verrill, 1881", 163102,Ancistroteuthis lichtensteini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Ancistroteuthis,lichtensteini,,,,,"Ferussac, 1835 in Ferussac & Orbigny, 1834-1848","Although Ancistroteuthis is monotypic four geographic morphotypes have been described, however further specimens are required in order to investigate their taxonomic significance (Kubodera et al. 1998)." 163103,Cistopus indicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Cistopus,indicus,,,,,"(Rapp, 1835)", 163106,Grimpoteuthis megaptera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,megaptera,,,,,"(Verrill, 1885)","Grimpoteuthis megaptera (Verrill, 1885) was described from five specimens from the northwest Atlantic. Collins (2003) and Villanueva and Collins (2006) searched for these specimens. They were unable to locate four, which are now presumed lost. They identified the fifth specimen, which was small and damaged, as Cirrothauma murrayi Chun, 1911. They believe the larger specimen taken from abyssal depths (4,708 m), which was illustrated by Verrill (1885; Plate XLIII), is a Grimpoteuthis, but believe new material is required from the type locality to redescribe G. megaptera.
" 163107,Bathypolypus sponsalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,BATHYPOLYPODIDAE,Bathypolypus,sponsalis,,,,,"(P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892)","Collins et al. (2001) note that there are some differences between Atlantic and Mediterranean specimens of this species." 163108,Batoteuthis skolops,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,BATOTEUTHIDAE,Batoteuthis,skolops,,,,,"Young & Roper,1968",This is the only species in the family Batoteuthidae. 163109,Octopus chierchiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,chierchiae,,,,,"Jatta, 1889",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.


163110,Enoploteuthis octolineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,octolineata,,,,,"Burgess, 1982",This species is only known from the type material.  Males are not known. 163111,Teretoctopus indicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Teretoctopus,indicus,,,,,"Robson, 1929",There is little information on the genus Teretoctopus. The only information is based on two species from deep waters off India. 163112,Asperoteuthis acanthoderma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Asperoteuthis,acanthoderma,,,,,"(Lu, 1977)","Members of Asperoteuthis can easily be misidentified as Grimalditeuthis if they have lost their tentacles (Young and Roper 2008).  Asperoteuthis acanthoderma, A. mangoldae, A. sp. B and A. lui and A. nesisi belong to the genus Asperoteuthis (Young and Roper 2008) but A. sp. B is probably a junior synonym of A. nesisi (Arkhipkin and Laptikhovsky 2008)." 163113,Octopus pyrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,pyrum,,,,,"Norman et al., 1997","

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

Type locality: Banda Sea, off Kai Islands (Jereb et al. 2014).

" 163114,Abralia veranyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,veranyi,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1844)", 163115,Uroteuthis bartschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,bartschi,,,,,"Rehder, 1945","The type locality is Jolo Harbor, Jolo Island, Philippine Islands (Sweeney 2012)." 163117,Cirroctopus antarctica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,CIRROCTOPODIDAE,Cirroctopus,antarctica,,,,,"(Kubodera & Okutani,1986)","O'Shea (1999) raises the possibility that this may be a junior synonym of Cirroctopus glacialis. Collins and Villanueva (2006), however, point out that the description of the beaks given by Vecchione et al. (1998) for C. glacialis suggests that these species may be distinct. It is possible that all Antarctic Cirroctopus specimens pertain to a single species. In this case, C. mawsoni would have precedence over and be the senior synonym of C. antarctica and C. glacialis." 163118,Liocranchia valdiviae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Liocranchia,valdiviae,,,,,"Chun, 1910", 163119,Enteroctopus californicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Enteroctopus,californicus,,,,,"(Berry, 1911)",Jereb et al. (2014) deal with this species under 'Octopus' californicus.  No indication is given as to why it has been removed from Enteroctopus. 163121,Grimpoteuthis pacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,pacifica,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","This species was originally described as Cirroteuthis pacifica Hoyle, 1885 from a single damaged specimen. O'Shea (1999) suggested that this species might better belong in his new genus Enigmatiteuthis, but we follow Collins (2003) and Collins and Villanueva (2006) in which Enigmatiteuthis is a junior synonym of Grimpoteuthis. Due to the poor condition of the type, and the fact that no new specimens have been captured from the type locality, the description is poor and this species cannot be clearly separated from several others (Young and Vecchione, 2003). The type locality is Papua New Guinea in the South Pacific at 13°50'S, 151°49'E. " 163122,Uroteuthis abulati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,abulati,,,,,"(Adam, 1955)","The type locality is Abulat Island, off Saudi Arabia in the Red Sea (Sweeney 2012)." 163124,Graneledone macrotyla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,macrotyla,,,,,"Voss, 1976",


163125,Argonauta cornuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ARGONAUTIDAE,Argonauta,cornuta,,,,,"Conrad, 1854","The validity of this species has been questioned (Nesis 1987). Robson (1932) considered both this species and A. boettgeri potentially to be variants of A. hians. Molecular work is probably required to clarify validity." 163126,Octopus mernoo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,mernoo,,,,,"O'Shea, 1999",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163127,Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Vulcanoctopus,hydrothermalis,,,,,"Gonzalez & Guerra in Gonzalez, Guerra, Pascual & Briand, 1998", 163128,Graneledone antarctica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,antarctica,,,,,"Voss, 1976", 163129,Nototodarus gouldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Nototodarus,gouldi,,,,,"(McCoy, 1888)", 163130,Scaergus patagiatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Scaergus,patagiatus,,,,,"Berry, 1913", 163131,Onykia ingens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onykia,ingens,,,,,"(Smith, 1881)", 163132,Mastigoteuthis pyrodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,pyrodes,,,,,"Young, 1972",This is one of the most taxonomically confused families of squid. 163133,Octopus gardineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,gardineri,,,,,"Hoyle, 1905",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163134,Abralia renschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,renschi,,,,,"Grimpe, 1931","This species may be a subspecies of Abralia steindachneri (Young et al. 1998)." 163135,Muusoctopus tangaroa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,tangaroa,,,,,"(O'Shea, 1999)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163137,Muusoctopus yaquinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,yaquinae,,,,,"(Voss & Pearcy, 1990)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

Following Strugnell et al. (2009), we consider Benthoctopus macrophallus Voss and Pearcy 1990 (holotype USNM 730713 from 44º58'N 126º32'W) to be a junior synonym of this species." 163138,Callistoctopus aspilosomatis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,aspilosomatis,,,,,"(Norman, 1993)", 163139,Doryteuthis gahi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,gahi,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1835)","The type locality is Valparaiso, Chile in the eastern South Pacific Ocean (Sweeney 2012)." 163140,Muusoctopus januarii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,januarii,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognized as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

This species was redescribed by Toll (1981) who did not examine the lectotype.  Gleadall et al. (2004) examined the lectotype and Toll's specimens and concluded they were conspecific despite the considerable distance between their capture locations." 163141,Opisthoteuthis massyae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,massyae,,,,,"(Grimpe, 1920)","The holotype of this species was originally identified as Cirroteuthis umbellata. Grimpe recognised it as a new species and erected Cirroteuthopsis massyae to accommodate it. Villanueva et al. (2002) placed it in Opisthoteuthis.




" 163142,Abralia multihamata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,multihamata,,,,,"Sasaki, 1929","Its taxonomic relationship with Abralia spaercki is uncertain (Tsuchiya 2009)." 163143,Leachia danae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Leachia,danae,,,,,"(Joubin, 1931)", 163145,Octopus rubescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,rubescens,,,,,"Berry, 1953",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163146,Watasenia scintillans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Watasenia,scintillans,,,,,"(Berry, 1911)", 163147,Octopus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,bimaculatus,,,,,"Verrill, 1883",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 163148,Uroteuthis noctiluca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,noctiluca,,,,,"(Lu, Roper & Tait, 1985)","The type locality is North Port Phillip Bay, Australia (Sweeney 2012)." 163149,Bathypolypus pugniger,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,BATHYPOLYPODIDAE,Bathypolypus,pugniger,,,,,"Muus, 2002","Muus (2002) proposed this as a new species, but also suggested that it might be a hybrid of B. arcticus and B. bairdii or might be a stunted form of B. bairdii." 163150,Muusoctopus tegginmathae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,tegginmathae,,,,,"(O'Shea, 1999)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163152,Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Sthenoteuthis,oualaniensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)","Nesis (1993) has described a complex population structure for S. oualaniensis that incorporates three major and possibly two minor forms:
1. A giant form that occurs only in the northern Indian Ocean in the region of the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea (modal  sizes of 400-500 mm ML in the Arabian Sea, maximum size of 650 mm ML). It has the same type of gladius as no. 3 below.
2. A medium form (modal sizes of 120-150 mm for mature males and 190-250 mm for mature females) that occurs throughout most of the range of the species and has a gladius double lateral axes (stiffened ribs) of the rhachis.
3. A medium form but with a gladius having single lateral axes of  the rhachis. It occurs only in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea north of 15°-17°N.
4. A dwarf form (modal size of 90-100 mm ML for mature males and 90-120 mm ML for mature females, 140-150 mm ML maximum) that occurs in equatorial waters (roughly within 10°-20° latitude of the equator) of the Pacific and Indian Oceans and lacks the dorsal mantle photophore patch characteristic of the species.         
5.  A small form, similar to the medium form but maturing at a smaller size (mode for females is 120-140 mm with a range of 90-160 mm ML) that is nearly the same size as the dwarf form and is known from the Western Indian Ocean and the eastern tropical Pacific.

The genetic status of the different forms is unknown. The dwarf form is often thought to be a separate species but it has not been given a separate name and its separate specific status has not been proven." 163155,Stigmatoteuthis arcturi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Stigmatoteuthis,arcturi,,,,,"(Robson, 1948)", 163156,Galiteuthis armata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Galiteuthis,armata,,,,,"Joubin, 1898", 163157,Abralia siedleckyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,siedleckyi,,,,,"Lipinski, 1983","This species closely resembles Abralia heminuchalis and they may be synonymous (Tsuchiya and Young 2009)." 163159,Graneledone verrucosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,verrucosa,,,,,"(Verrill, 1881)",Graneledone verrucosa is the type species of the genus Graneledone. 163160,Mastigoteuthis dentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,dentata,,,,,"Hoyle, 1904","This species forms part of the Mastigoteuthis agassizii species group that is based on morphological similarities (Vecchione et al. 2007). It is currently composed of three species: Mastigoteuthis agassizii, from tropical to temperate regions of the Atlantic; M. dentata, from tropical to temperate regions of the Indo-Pacific; and M. psychrophila from Southern Ocean (Young and Vecchione 2007). There are currently no reliable morphological differences to separate M. dentata from M. agassizii." 163161,Todarodes angolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Todarodes,angolensis,,,,,"Adam, 1962","There is some confusion in the literature because until recently Russian researchers considered both T. angolensis and T. filippovae in the southern hemisphere to be the same species and did not discrimate between the two; they are now considered to be separate species (Dunning and Wormuth 1998)." 163162,Eogonatus tinro,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Eogonatus,tinro,,,,,"(Nesis, 1972)","Until recently, Eogonatus tinro was only known from juvenile specimens, although it had been suggested that Gonatopsis okutanii might represent the adult form of this species.  Spent females of Gonatopsis okutanii were found to have possessed tentacles just prior to attaining maturity and spawning, which suggested it didn't belong to the genus Gonatopsis (Hochberg 2006), but might in fact represent adult Eogonatus tinro which has a similar distribution range.  This has been confirmed by Katugin et al. (2011) and we treat Gonatopsis okutanii as a junior synonym of Eogonatus tinro." 163163,Ommastrephes bartramii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Ommastrephes,bartramii,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)","Ommastrephes bartramii has a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate to subtropical waters. However, genetic tests of populations in different oceans, to determine if gene flow occurs, have not been made." 163164,Muusoctopus canthylus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,canthylus,,,,,"(Voss & Pearcy, 1990)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163165,Doryteuthis pealeii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,pealeii,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)","The type locality is South Carolina, western North Atlantic Ocean (Sweeney 2012)." 163166,Muusoctopus oregonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,oregonensis,,,,,"(Voss & Pearcy, 1990)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163167,Octopus harpedon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,harpedon,,,,,"Norman, 2001",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163168,Pteroctopus schmidti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Pteroctopus,schmidti,,,,,"(Joubin, 1933)", 163170,Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Mesonychoteuthis,hamiltoni,,,,,"Robson, 1925",This is the only species of the genus. 163171,Doryteuthis surinamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,surinamensis,,,,,"(Voss, 1974)","The type locality is off the coast of Surinam, 30 miles north east of the Lightship Suriname River, (Sweeney 2012)." 163172,Stauroteuthis syrtensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,STAUROTEUTHIDAE,Stauroteuthis,syrtensis,,,,,"Verrill, 1879",This species was recently redescribed by Collins and Henriques (2000). 163173,Octopus olivieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,olivieri,,,,,"Berry, 1914",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163174,Callistoctopus rapanui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,rapanui,,,,,"(Voss, 1979)","Many undescribed members of this genus are incorrectly identified and treated under the name “Octopus macropus group”.  Type locality: South-eastern Pacific Ocean, Easter Island, Hanga Piko (Jereb et al. 2014)." 163175,Octopus briareus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,briareus,,,,,"Robson, 1929",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163176,Amphioctopus marginatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,marginatus,,,,,"Taki, 1964", 163177,Histioteuthis reversa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,reversa,,,,,"(Verrill, 1880)", 163178,Opisthoteuthis pluto,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,pluto,,,,,"Berry, 1918","The type locality is 129°28'E, along the Great Australian Bight.
" 163179,Discoteuthis laciniosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CYCLOTEUTHIDAE,Discoteuthis,laciniosa,,,,,"Young & Roper,1969","According to Young (1999), this genus may consist of four species (Discoteuthis discus, Discoteuthis laciniosa, Discoteuthis sp. A and Discoteuthis sp. B)." 163180,Octopoteuthis rugosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Octopoteuthis,rugosa,,,,,"Clarke, 1980",The species of this genus are poorly defined. 163181,Helicocranchia papillata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Helicocranchia,papillata,,,,,"(Voss, 1960)","The type locality of this species is 32o05'N, 64o38'W, in the Sargasso Sea, off Bermuda (Sweeney 2012)." 163182,Lolliguncula panamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Lolliguncula,panamensis,,,,,"Berry, 1911","The type locality is in the Pacific Ocean, off Panama (Sweeney 2012). Lolliguncula tydeus Brakoniecki, 1980 is a junior synonym (Vecchione 1996, see Nomenclature)." 163183,Enteroctopus magnificus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Enteroctopus,magnificus,,,,,"(Villanueva, Sanchez & Compagno, 1992)", 163184,Abralia andamanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,andamanica,,,,,"Goodrich, 1896","Abralia andamanica robsoni Grimp, 1931 is considered to be the junior synonym of Abralia andamanica (Tsuchiya 2009)." 163185,Callistoctopus bunurong,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,bunurong,,,,,"(Stranks, 1990)",Jereb et al. (2014) deal with this species under 'Octopus' bunurong.  No indication is given as to why it has been removed from Callistoctopus. 163186,Gonatus fabricii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,fabricii,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1818)", 163187,Enoploteuthis chunii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,chunii,,,,,"Ishikawa, 1914", 163189,Todarodes sagittatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Todarodes,sagittatus,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1798)","Differences in morphology-ecological traits in the northwest African population compared to those present in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea suggest this population may represent a separate sub-species or species (Nigmatullin et al. 2002)." 163190,Gonatus ursabrunae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,ursabrunae,,,,,"Jefferts, 1985", 163192,Pyroteuthis serrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PYROTEUTHIDAE,Pyroteuthis,serrata,,,,,"Riddell, 1985","This species is easily identified by its distinctive photophore arrangement on its tentacles (Young and Mangold 1996). Despite both occurring in the South Pacific, its range does not overlap with P. margaritifera (Young and Mangold 1996)." 163194,Callimachus rancureli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Callimachus,rancureli,,,,,"(Okutani, 1981)",The broad distribution of this species suggests it is probably a species complex. 163195,Amphioctopus rex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,rex,,,,,"(Nateewathan & Norman, 1999)", 163196,Uroteuthis arabica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,arabica,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1831)",The type locality is given as Red Sea (Sweeney 2012). 163197,Sasakiopus salebrosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Sasakiopus,salebrosus,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1920)",Muus (2002) removed this species from the genus Bathypolypus and placed it in the genus Benthoctopus. Jorgensen (2009) then renamed it under its own genus. 163199,Octopus kaurna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,kaurna,,,,,"Stranks, 1990",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163200,Callistoctopus ornatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,ornatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)", 163201,Octopus mutilans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,mutilans,,,,,"Taki, 1942",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163202,Gonatus steenstrupi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,steenstrupi,,,,,"Kristensen, 1981", 163203,Onychoteuthis borealijaponica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,borealijaponica,,,,,"Okada, 1927", 163204,Chiroteuthis calyx,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Chiroteuthis,calyx,,,,,"Young, 1972", 163205,Doryteuthis sanpaulensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,sanpaulensis,,,,,"(Brakoniecki, 1984)","The type locality is in the western South Atlantic Ocean at 41° 47'S, 63° 35'W (Sweeney 2012)." 163207,Haliphron atlanticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ALLOPOSIDAE,Haliphron,atlanticus,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1861","Numerous synonyms have been proposed including Alloposus mollis Verrill, 1880, Octopus alberti Joubin, 1895, Alloposus pacificus Ijima & Ikeda, 1902, Heptapus danai Joubin, 1929, Alloposus hardyi Robson, 1930 and Alloposina albatrossi Robson, 1931. Although the genus name is recognized as Haliphron, the correct family name is Alloposidae." 163208,Octopus salutii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,salutii,,,,,"Verany, 1839",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163209,Amphioctopus ovulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,ovulum,,,,,"Sasaki, 1929","Often confused with other ocellate species, such as A. siamensis, A. rex, A. membranaceus and A. neglectus." 163210,Callistoctopus lechenaultii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,lechenaultii,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1826)", 163211,Argonauta hians,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ARGONAUTIDAE,Argonauta,hians,,,,,"Lightfoot, 1786","Earlier workers attribute the name to Solander. This attribution relates to an unpublished manuscript (which fails to meet Art. 8 and hence does not constitute a nomenclatural act) referred to in Lightfoot's (1786) sale catalogue. There is no description in the sale catalogue, but this also refers to Rumphius (1705). Although the latter predates the starting point for zoological nomenclature (Art. 3) the information therein may be referred to. Hence A. hians Lightfoot 1876 is a valid name. However, A. hians appears to be very variable in form and taxonomic work is required to delineate the species limits.  According to Jereb et al. (2014), Moolenbeek (2008) designated a neotype with type locality Ambon Indonesia." 163213,Loliolus japonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loliolus,japonica,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","The type locality is given as ""Purchased at market, Yokohama, Japan"" (Sweeney 2012)." 163215,Muusoctopus levis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,levis,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163217,Muusoctopus hokkaidensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,hokkaidensis,,,,,"(S.S. Berry, 1921)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

The holotype is USNM 332981.  It was originally reported from four specimens. Benthoctopus violescens Taki has been placed in synonymy of this species (see Voss and Pearcy 1990).  B. violescens was described from off Kashima-nada, Honshu, Japan (exact capture location and depth unknown)." 163218,Liocranchia reinhardti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Liocranchia,reinhardti,,,,,"(Steenstrup, 1856)","This species may actually be a species complex (Voss et al. 1992)." 163219,Lampadioteuthis megaleia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,LYCOTEUTHIDAE,Lampadioteuthis,megaleia,,,,,"Berry, 1916", 163220,Alloteuthis subulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Alloteuthis,subulata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1798)","The type locality is the Mediterranean.  The type specimen of this species, described by Lamarck, is no longer extant.  This is problematic because molecular work has shown that features traditionally used to separate this species from A. media are not useful.  Hence the delineation of these two species is currently very problematic.  Nonetheless, molecular work has confirmed that two species do indeed exist (see Anderson et al. 2008)." 163221,Opisthoteuthis philipii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,philipii,,,,,"Oommen, 1976","This species was described from three octopods taken at depths of 275-365 m. It appears to be separable from other species by its distinctive beak (Young and Vecchione 2003). Note that the original spelling used by Oommen (1976) is 'philipii' although this has subsequently been misspelt in a variety of ways (see for example O'Shea 1999 and Collins and Villaneuva 2006). The type locality is 09°32'N, 75°45'E Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean off southwest India, 275 m depth (Young and Vecchione 2003).
" 163222,Cycloteuthis serventyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CYCLOTEUTHIDAE,Cycloteuthis,serventyi,,,,,"Joubin, 1919","Two species have been described in this genus, however, Cycloteuthis akimushkini is likely to be the junior synonym of Cycloteuthis serventi (Young 2009)." 163224,Octopus oculifer,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,oculifer,,,,,"Hoyle, 1904",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 163225,Grimpoteuthis umbellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,umbellata,,,,,"(Fischer, 1883)","This species, originally described as Cirroteuthis umbellata Fischer, 1883, is the type species for Grimpoteuthis. It is known only from the type specimen, which is in extremely poor condition (Collins 2003, Collins and Villanueva 2006). Because G. umbellata remains poorly described, the ‘true’ form of Grimpoteuthis remains unknown. New collections from the type locality (between Fayal and San Miguel in the Azores at 37°55'N, 20°22'W and in 2,235 m of water) are required to solve the taxonomic issues. This species may be the senior synonym of G. discoveryi or G. wuelkeri (Collins 2003)." 163226,Chiroteuthis joubini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Chiroteuthis,joubini,,,,,"Voss, 1967", 163227,Leachia cyclura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Leachia,cyclura,,,,,"Lesueur, 1821", 163229,Galiteuthis phyllura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Galiteuthis,phyllura,,,,,"Berry, 1911c", 163230,Uroteuthis singhalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,singhalensis,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1891)",The type locality is Sri Lanka [Ceylon] (Sweeney 2012). 163231,Abralia marisarabica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,marisarabica,,,,,"Okutani, 1983", 163232,Ornithoteuthis antillarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Ornithoteuthis,antillarum,,,,,"Adam, 1957","O. antillarum can be distinguished from its IndoPacific counterpart, O. volitalis only by the detailed structure of the male hectocotylus." 163233,Uroteuthis robsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,robsoni,,,,,"(Alexeyev, 1992)","

The type locality is off Mozambique, 19o 45' S, 36o 22' E (Sweeney 2012).

" 163234,Histioteuthis machrohista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,machrohista,,,,,"Voss, 1969", 163235,Abraliopsis gilchristi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,gilchristi,,,,,"(Robson, 1924)", 163236,Amphioctopus mototi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,mototi,,,,,"(Norman, 1993)", 163237,Bathypolypus bairdii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,BATHYPOLYPODIDAE,Bathypolypus,bairdii,,,,,"(Verrill, 1873)",This species was redescribed by Muus (2002). 163238,Planctoteuthis levimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Planctoteuthis,levimana,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1896)", 163239,Callistoctopus dierythraeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,dierythraeus,,,,,"(Norman, 1993)", 163240,Chtenopteryx sepioloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,BATHYTEUTHIDA,CHTENOPTERYGIDAE,Chtenopteryx,sepioloides,,,,,"Rancurel, 1970","

This species was described from a series of small squid (maximum size was 1.9 cm mantle length) obtained from the stomach of the lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox. In spite of its small size, the species was recognized as being distinct by the presence of a relatively broad mantle and a small visceral photophore (Young and Vecchione 2001).

" 163241,Cirroctopus mawsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,CIRROCTOPODIDAE,Cirroctopus,mawsoni,,,,,"(Berry, 1917)","This species was described as Stauroteuthis mawsoni Berry, 1911 and placed in Cirroctopus by Naef (1923). Robson (1932) moved it to Grimpoteuthis, but it was placed back in Cirroctopus by O'Shea (1999). It was described from a single specimen, type locality off Adelie Land, Antarctic waters at 66°55'S, 145°21'E, 530-550 m. It is possible that all Antarctic Cirroctopus specimens pertain to a single species. In this case, C. mawsoni would have precedence over and be the senior synonym of C. antarctica and C. glacialis. It is the type species of Cirroctopus." 163242,Illex oxygonius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Illex,oxygonius,,,,,"Roper, Lu & Mangold, 1969","Although controversy exists over the validity of this species, recent genetic evidence suggests it is distinct and therefore a valid species (Mart ínez et al. 2005)." 163243,Pholidoteuthis adami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PHOLIDOTEUTHIDAE,Pholidoteuthis,adami,,,,,"Voss, 1956", 163244,Uroteuthis reesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,reesi,,,,,"(Voss, 1962)","The type locality is off Port Maricaban, southern Luzon, Philippine Islands (Sweeney 2012)." 163245,Taonius borealis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Taonius,borealis,,,,,"(Nesis, 1972)", 163246,Illex argentinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Illex,argentinus,,,,,"(Castellanos, 1960)", 163247,Berryteuthis anonychus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Berryteuthis,anonychus,,,,,"Pearcy & Voss, 1963", 163248,Octopus hubbsorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,hubbsorum,,,,,"Berry, 1953",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 163249,Amphioctopus varunae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,varunae,,,,,"(Oommen, 1971)", 163250,Muusoctopus oregonae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,oregonae,,,,,"(Toll, 1981)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognized as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163251,Octopus selene,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,selene,,,,,"Voss, 1971",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163252,Onykia robusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onykia,robusta,,,,,"(Verrill, 1876)", 163253,Gonatopsis makko,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatopsis,makko,,,,,"Okutani & Nemoto,1964","The taxonomic validity of this species is still in question, large individuals closely resemble Gonatus madokai and G. japonicus may represent the immature form of this species (Kubodera 2006)." 163254,Octopus bulbus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,bulbus,,,,,"Norman, 2001",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163255,Enoploteuthis reticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,reticulata,,,,,"Rancurel, 1970", 163256,Discoteuthis discus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CYCLOTEUTHIDAE,Discoteuthis,discus,,,,,"Young & Roper,1969","According to Young (1999), this genus may consist of four species (Discoteuthis discus, Discoteuthis laciniosa, Discoteuthis sp. A and Discoteuthis sp. B), however, Discoteuthis sp. A may be the mature male of Discoteuthis discus." 163257,Planctoteuthis danae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Planctoteuthis,danae,,,,,"(Joubin, 1931)","Specimens from the North Atlantic may be misidentifications of Planctoteuthis lippula (Young and Roper 2008)." 163258,Teuthowenia megalops,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Teuthowenia,megalops,,,,,"(Prosch, 1847)", 163260,Alluroteuthis antarctica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,NEOTEUTHIDAE,Alluroteuthis,antarctica,,,,,"Odhner, 1923", 163261,Octopus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,superciliosus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1832",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163262,Abralia trigonura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,trigonura,,,,,"Berry, 1913","This species is similar to Abralia andamanica in appearance (Tsuchiya and Young 2009)." 163263,Megalocranchia maxima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Megalocranchia,maxima,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1884","Currently three nominal taxa are recognised in the genus (Megalocranchia fisheri, M. maxima, M. oceanica), although Voss et al. (1992) suggest that six species may occur." 163265,Architeuthis dux,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ARCHITEUTHIDAE,Architeuthis,dux,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1857","The systematics of the Architeuthis group is not well understood since many species have been described from single and often incomplete specimens (Roper 1998). Some authors believe three distinct species may exist based on differences in their geographic distribution: Architeuthis dux in the North Atlantic, A. martensi in the North Pacific and A. sanctipauli in the Southern Ocean (Roper 1998; Norman 2003).  However, we treat Architeuthis as comprising a single global species." 163266,Onykia loennbergii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onykia,loennbergii,,,,,"(Ishikawa & Wakiya,1914)", 163267,Taningia danae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Taningia,danae,,,,,"Joubin, 1931","We consider Taningia persica, which is known only from the paralarval type material, to be a junior synonym of T. danae." 163268,Nototeuthis dimegacotyle,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,NEOTEUTHIDAE,Nototeuthis,dimegacotyle,,,,,"Nesis & Nikitina,1986",This species is known from only five specimens 163270,Mastigoteuthis agassizii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,agassizii,,,,,"Verrill, 1881","Four very similar species of Mastigoteuthis (M. agassizii, M. grimaldi, M. schmidti and M. flammea) have been described from the North Atlantic. These were recently synonomized, based partly on the MAR-ECO material, under M. agassizii (Young and Vecchione 2007).  Mastigoteuthis agassizii may itself consist of a temperate/boreal and a tropical form in the Atlantic, in which case M. flammea is the correct name for the tropical form (see Vecchione and Young 2007).  This species forms part of the Mastigoteuthis agassizii species group that is based on morphological similarities (Vecchione et al. 2007). It is currently composed of three species: Mastigoteuthis agassizii, from tropical to temperate regions of the Atlantic; M. dentata, from tropical to temperate regions of the Indo-Pacific; and M. psychrophila from Southern Ocean (Young and Vecchione 2007)." 163271,Callistoctopus kermadecensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,kermadecensis,,,,,"(Berry, 1914)",Callistoctopus kermadecensis (Berry 1914) is listed by Norman and Hochberg (2005) under Callistoctopus but treated as 'Octopus' kermadecensis in Jereb et al. (2014). No reason is given by Jereb et al. (2014) for the removal of this species from Callistoctopus. 163272,Octopus micropyrsus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,micropyrsus,,,,,"Berry, 1953",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163273,Loliolus sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loliolus,sumatrensis,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1835 in Ferussac & d'Orbigny, 1834-1848)","The type locality is Sumatra, Indonesia (Sweeney 2012)." 163274,Abralia similis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,similis,,,,,"Okutani & Tsuchiya,1987","This species is similar in appearance to Abralia redfieldi." 163275,Filippovia knipovitchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Filippovia,knipovitchi,,,,,"(Filippova, 1972)", 163276,Teuthowenia pellucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Teuthowenia,pellucida,,,,,"(Chun, 1910)", 163278,Lepidoteuthis grimaldii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,LEPIDOTEUTHIDAE,Lepidoteuthis,grimaldii,,,,,"Joubin, 1895", 163279,Euaxoctopus panamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Euaxoctopus,panamensis,,,,,"Voss, 1971", 163280,Octopus tetricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,tetricus,,,,,"Gould, 1852","The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed." 163281,Graneledone taniwha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,taniwha,,,,,"O'Shea, 1999","Two subspecies have been described: G. taniwha taniwha (O'Shea 1999) and G. taniwha kubodera (O'Shea 1999)." 163282,Opisthoteuthis persephone,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,persephone,,,,,"Berry, 1918","Opisthoteuthis persephone, Berry 1918 was described from eight specimens taken off Western Australia. This species needs to be redescribed from new material from the type locality (Young and Vecchione 2003). It differs from the New Zealand species O. mero in the number of primary gill lamellae (almost always 6 vs almost always 7) (O'Shea 1999). It differs from the sympatric O. pluto in its pigmentation (Berry 1918) and fewer gill lamellae (usually 6 vs 8) (Young and Vecchione 2003).  The type locality is 42 miles south and east of Genoa Peak, Victoria, in the great Australian bight, at 480 m depth.

" 163284,Grimpoteuthis wuelkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,wuelkeri,,,,,"(Grimpe, 1920)","This species was described as Stauroteuthis wuelkeri Grimpe 1920. O'Shea (1999) suggested it be placed in  Enigmatiteuthis, but we follow Collins (2003) and Collins and Villanueva (2006) and place it in Grimpoteuthis. Collins (2003) notes that G. wuelkeri (type locality 35°46'N, 08°16'W, 2,055 m depth) may be a junior synonym of either G. umbellata or G. plena (despite differences in the sucker counts between the type of G. plena and G. wuelkeri). New material from the type localities for G. umbellata and G. plena are required to resolve these taxonomic issues. Piatkowski and Dieckmann (2005) reported a specimen of G. wuelkeri from 5,430 m in the Angola Basin, but Collins and Villanueva (2006) note that this is considerably deeper than other records of this species and may be attributable to one of the deeper Grimpoteuthis species. This record has therefore not been included in the distribution and occurrence records here." 163285,Octopus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,microphthalmus,,,,,"Goodrich, 1896",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163287,Amphioctopus aegina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,aegina,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","There are considerable taxonomic difficulties in the genus Amphioctopus which need resolving, although the genus itself is clearly defined. Although some species have been redescribed, there is considerable taxonomic confusion and apparent misuse of names in various regions. For example, no agreement exists as to the name of the species that occurs in the Mediterranean Sea. For this reason, the geographic range of species given herein should be treated with caution, as these ranges may change as taxonomic revisions are undertaken.
The type specimen of Amphioctopus aegina is in the British Museum (BMNH 1928.2.14.1). The original description of A. aegina is brief and does not provide a type locality (Norman et al. 2014).  Norman et al. (2014) note that Amphioctopus kagoshimensis is often incorrectly treated as A. aegina. These authors consider A. hardwickei and A. dollfusi to be junior synonyms of A. aegina." 163288,Bathyteuthis abyssicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,BATHYTEUTHIDA,BATHYTEUTHIDAE,Bathyteuthis,abyssicola,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885", 163290,Octopus filosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,filosus,,,,,"Howell, 1867",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163291,Abdopus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Abdopus,aculeatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1834)","Norman and Hochberg (2005) place Octopus harmandi (Rochebrune 1882) in synonymy of this species. Octopus guangdongensis (Dong 1976) may also be a synonym although its current status is unresolved (Norman and Hochberg 2005)." 163292,Graneledone boreopacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,boreopacifica,,,,,"Nesis, 1982","Hochberg (1998) synonymised Graneledone pacifica with G. boreopacifica but it is likely that both species are valid with G. boreopacifica having a shallower distribution." 163293,Hapalochlaena lunulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Hapalochlaena,lunulata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","

Only three species included in this genus have been described to date, but there are at least ten species which are distributed throughout the Indo-west Pacific (Jereb et al. 2014).

" 163294,Hyaloteuthis pelagica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Hyaloteuthis,pelagica,,,,,"(Bosc, 1802)", 163295,Eledone gaucha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ELEDONIDAE,Eledone,gaucha,,,,,"Haimovichi, 1988",The genus Eledone contains six species and is in need of revision. 163297,Octopus bocki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,bocki,,,,,"Adam, 1941",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163298,Abralia steindachneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,steindachneri,,,,,"Weindl, 1912", 163299,Grimpoteuthis bathynectes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,bathynectes,,,,,"Voss & Pearcy, 1990","O’Shea (1999) included Grimpoteuthis bathynectes Voss and Pearcy 1990 in his new genus, Enigmatiteuthis.  Enigmatiteuthis mainly differs from Grimpoteuthis in the form of the shell; however, following examination of specimens of G. bathynectes, Collins (2003) suggested it remain in Grimpoteuthis (Collins and Villanueva 2006).  Only one other species of Grimpoteuthis, G. hippocrepium (Hoyle, 1904) is known from the North Pacific Ocean.


" 163300,Abraliopsis affinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,affinis,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1912)", 163301,Scaergus unicirrhus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Scaergus,unicirrhus,,,,,"(Chiaie, 1839-41 in Férussac & d'Orbigny, 1834-1848)", 163302,Abralia astrosticta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,astrosticta,,,,,"Berry, 1909","This is an easily recognized species but it is a mesopelagic boundary species and therefore found in close association with land masses. As a result, the numerous ""subpopulations"" may have some genetic separation. DNA sequencing, however, has not been carried out." 163303,Macroctopus maorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Macroctopus,maorum,,,,,"(Hutton, 1880)",Jereb et al. (2014) deal with this species under 'Octopus' maorum. No indication is given as to why it has been removed from Macroctopus. 163304,Opisthoteuthis grimaldii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,grimaldii,,,,,"(Joubin, 1903)","This species is similar to Opisthoteuthis borealis, but the digestive gland is not entire in O. grimaldii (Collins and Villanueva 2006)." 163305,Gonatopsis japonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatopsis,japonicus,,,,,"Okiyama, 1969","Despite some confusion over the validity of this species due to its similarity to G. makko, it now appears that it is a valid species that matures at a small body size (Kubodera 2006)." 163306,Mastigoteuthis magna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,magna,,,,,"Joubin, 1913","This species forms part of the Mastigoteuthis magna species group (Vecchione et al. 2007). It is currently composed of three species: Mastigoteuthis magna, in the Atlantic Ocean; M. microlucens, in the tropical Pacific Ocean; and an undescribed species from the subantarctic Pacific Ocean (Vecchione et al. 2007). Members of this group are distinctive and easily identified from other Mastigoteuthis species (Young and Vecchione 2007)." 163307,Eledone cirrhosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ELEDONIDAE,Eledone,cirrhosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1798)", 163308,Muusoctopus thielei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,thielei,,,,,"(Robson, 1932)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163309,Promachoteuthis megaptera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PROMACHOTEUTHIDAE,Promachoteuthis,megaptera,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885", 163310,Histioteuthis atlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,atlantica,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)", 163311,Martialia hyadesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Martialia,hyadesi,,,,,"Rochebrune & Mabile,1889", 163312,Bolitaena pygmaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,AMPHITRETIDAE,Bolitaena,pygmaea,,,,,"(Verrill, 1884)","Following Young (2008), we treat Bolitaena microtyla Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1886 as a junior synonym of Bolitaena pygmaea." 163313,Enteroctopus megalocyathus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Enteroctopus,megalocyathus,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)","

For taxonomic studies of E. megalocyathus refer to Ré (1980) and Ré (1998a)

Actually, there are not taxonomic revisions.

 

" 163315,Teretoctopus alcocki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Teretoctopus,alcocki,,,,,"Robson, 1932", 163316,Abraliopsis atlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,atlantica,,,,,"Nesis, 1982","The morphology of this species is not clear, therefore all records should be treated with caution at this stage." 163317,Abdopus tonganus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Abdopus,tonganus,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)","Abdopus undulatus Huffard 2007, also described from Tongatapu, may be a junior synonym of this species." 163318,Sepioteuthis sepioidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Sepioteuthis,sepioidea,,,,,"(Blainville, 1823)",The type locality is Martinique (Sweeney 2012). 163320,Muusoctopus karubar,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,karubar,,,,,"(Norman, Hochberg & C.C. Lu, 1997)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163325,Abralia fasciolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,fasciolata,,,,,"Tsuchiya, 1991","This species may be a synonym of Abralia dubia (Tsuchiya 2009)." 163326,Octopus fitchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,fitchi,,,,,"Berry, 1953",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163328,Stauroteuthis gilchristi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,STAUROTEUTHIDAE,Stauroteuthis,gilchristi,,,,,"(Robson, 1924)","This species was originally described as Cirrhoteuthis [sic] gilchristi Robson, 1924. Robson subsequently amended the spelling and moved the species to Chunioteuthis. The species was redescribed and placed in Stauroteuthis by Collins and Henriques (2000)." 163329,Abdopus horridus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Abdopus,horridus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1826)","Robson (1929) and Norman and Finn (2001) consider Octopus fimbriatus Rüppell in d'Orbigny, 1841 to be a junior synonym of this species." 163330,Grimpoteuthis abyssicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,abyssicola,,,,,"O’Shea, 1999","This species is known from a single female specimen (O'Shea 1999)." 163331,Eledone schultzei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ELEDONIDAE,Eledone,schultzei,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1910)",Jereb et al. (2014) place this species in Eledone but do not state their reasons for doing so. 163332,Taonius belone,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Taonius,belone,,,,,"(Chun, 1906)", 163333,Amphioctopus fangsiao,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,fangsiao,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839)", 163334,Octopoteuthis deletron,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Octopoteuthis,deletron,,,,,"Young, 1972",The species of this genus are poorly defined. 163335,Bathypolypus ergasticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,BATHYPOLYPODIDAE,Bathypolypus,ergasticus,,,,,"(P. Fischer & H. Fischer, 1892)",This species was placed in Bathypolypus by Muus (2002). 163337,Cirroctopus hochbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,CIRROCTOPODIDAE,Cirroctopus,hochbergi,,,,,"O’Shea, 1999","This species was described as Cirroctopus hochbergi O'Shea 1999 from off New Zealand (Type locality 39 58.9'S, 178 14.27'E, 800-1070 m). It is most similar to Cirroctopus mawsoni, but a few characters separate it and it is 'strongly allopatric' (O'Shea 1999)." 163338,Bathothauma lyromma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Bathothauma,lyromma,,,,,"Chun, 1906","This is the only species in the genus Bathothauma." 163339,Octopus tehuelchus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,tehuelchus,,,,,d'Orbigny 1834,"The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. Type locality: Coast of Patagonia, bay of San Blas (Jereb et al. 2014)." 163340,Octopus kaharoa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,kaharoa,,,,,"O'Shea, 1999","

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

Type locality: New Zealand, North Island (Jereb et al. 2014).

" 163341,Grimpoteuthis hippocrepium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,hippocrepium,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1904)","Grimpoteuthis hippocrepium Hoyle 1904 was described from a single, small individual which was damaged by the time it was described. However, the color drawings were made on the freshly captured animal. Nevertheless, many features of this species are unknown and a redescription based on new material is badly needed (Young and Vecchione 2003).


" 163342,Gonatus berryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,berryi,,,,,"Naef, 1923", 163343,Onykia robsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onykia,robsoni,,,,,"(Adam, 1962)", 163344,Abdopus capricornicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Abdopus,capricornicus,,,,,"Norman & Finn, 2001", 163345,Mastigoteuthis hjorti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,hjorti,,,,,"Chun, 1913",This is one of the most taxonomically confused families of squid. 163346,Abdopus tenebricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Abdopus,tenebricus,,,,,"(Smith, 1884)",This species was removed from the genus Octopus by Norman and Hochberg (2005) and placed in the genus Abdopus by Norman et al. (2014). Reasons for these taxonomic decisions are not provided in either publication. 163347,Octopoteuthis sicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Octopoteuthis,sicula,,,,,"Rüppell, 1844",The species of this genus are poorly defined. 163348,Onychoteuthis compacta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,compacta,,,,,"(Berry, 1913)","Molecular and morphological studies suggest that Onychoteuthis compacta and two other closely related species (O. prolatus and O. aequimanus) inhabit Hawaiian waters (Bonnaud et al. 1998; Kubodera et al. 1998)." 163349,Macrotritopus defilippi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Macrotritopus,defilippi,,,,,"(Vérany, 1851)","Type locality: Western Mediterranean Sea, Italy" 163350,Gonatus pyros,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,pyros,,,,,"Young, 1972", 163351,Euaxoctopus pillsburyae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Euaxoctopus,pillsburyae,,,,,"Voss, 1975",


163352,Abralia dubia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,dubia,,,,,"(Adam, 1960)", 163353,Pyroteuthis margaritifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PYROTEUTHIDAE,Pyroteuthis,margaritifera,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1844)","Specimens from different regions of the Pacific show variation in the number and size arrangement of their tentacle-photophores compared to individuals from the Atlantic, therefore the taxonomic status of P. margaritifera is unresolved (Young and Mangold 1996)." 163354,Callistoctopus macropus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Callistoctopus,macropus,,,,,"(Risso, 1826)", 163356,Sepioteuthis australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Sepioteuthis,australis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard,1832","The type locality is given as New Holland (Australia), and is probably Port Western (Sweeney 2012).

Three genetic types recognized based on allozyme electrophoresis: ""peripherial"", ""hybrid"" types found mostly around offshore islands and ""central"" type found along the mainland of Australia. The latter type is the primary fishery target (Steer et al. 2007)." 163357,Pterygioteuthis gemmata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PYROTEUTHIDAE,Pterygioteuthis,gemmata,,,,,"Chun, 1908",The North Pacific subpopulation exhibits some different morphological features from its Atlantic counterpart and may prove to be genetically distinct (Young 1972). 163358,Amphioctopus kagoshimensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,kagoshimensis,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1888)", 163359,Amphioctopus burryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,burryi,,,,,"(Voss, 1950)", 163360,Eledone moschata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ELEDONIDAE,Eledone,moschata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1798)", 163361,Luteuthis dentatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Luteuthis,dentatus,,,,,"O'Shea, 1999","This species was described as Luteuthis dentatus O'Shea 1999 from a single specimen. The type locality is 40° 01.3’S, 167° 49.9’E, 991 m. A second specimen was reported but not described from 37° 14.2’S, 167° 22.4’E, 1,050 m (O'Shea and Lu 2002). This species is the type of the genus Luteuthis." 163362,Gonatus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,antarcticus,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1898","This species is considered to be closely related to other North Atlantic Gonatus species (Kubodera 2006)." 163364,Muusoctopus clyderoperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,clyderoperi,,,,,"(O'Shea, 1999)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163365,Magnapinna pacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MAGNAPINNIDAE,Magnapinna,pacifica,,,,,"Vecchione & Young, 1998","It is possible that this family may consist of as many as five species (Magnapinna atlantica, North Atlantic; Magnapinna sp. B, North Atlantic; Magnapinna sp. C, South Atlantic; Magnapinna pacifica, North Pacific and North Atlantic; and Magnapinna talismani, North Atlantic) but requires further research and specimens (Vecchione and Young 2008)." 163366,Octopoteuthis indica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE,Octopoteuthis,indica,,,,,"Naef, 1923",The species of this genus are poorly defined. This species is only known from the type material which comprises paralarvae. 163367,Lolliguncula diomedeae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Lolliguncula,diomedeae,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1904)","The type locality is in the Pacific Ocean at 16o 47' 30"" N, 99o 59' 30"" W (Sweeney 2012)." 163368,Pterygioteuthis microlampas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PYROTEUTHIDAE,Pterygioteuthis,microlampas,,,,,"Berry, 1913", 163370,Enteroctopus zealandicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Enteroctopus,zealandicus,,,,,"(Benham, 1944)", 163371,Octopus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,occidentalis,,,,,"Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1885",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 163372,Chiroteuthis spoeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Chiroteuthis,spoeli,,,,,"Salcedo-Vargas, 1996", 163373,Onykia indica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onykia,indica,,,,,"Okutani, 1981","Kubodera et al. (1998) state that Onykia indica Okutani, 1981 is probably the young form of some known species of Onykia, however Bolstad (2010) believes it is a valid species.
" 163374,Galiteuthis glacialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Galiteuthis,glacialis,,,,,"(Chun, 1906)", 163375,Onychoteuthis banksii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,banksii,,,,,"(Leach, 1817)","Originally this species was believed to have a circumglobal distribution but (Vecchione et al. 2007) considered that these distribution records comprised more than one species. " 163376,Sepioteuthis lessoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Sepioteuthis,lessoniana,,,,,"Ferussac, 1831 in Lesson, 1830-1831","No type locality was designated for this species and the type specimen is not extant (Sweeney 2012). A neotype is required as part of a major taxonomic revision of this nominal taxon. Australian S. lessoniana can be separated on morphometrics and spermatophore structure from Indonesian and Philippine S. lessoniana (Lu and Tait 1983). In northern Australia, S. lessoniana is thought to consist of two cryptic species based on allozyme electrophoresis (Triantafillos and Adams 2005). Izuka et al. (1994, 1996) found evidence for three species of ""S. lessoniana"" in Okinawa based on isozyme and chromatophore analyses. These studies suggest that over its broad habitat which includes numerous islands that ""S. lessoniana"" may consist of many cryptic species." 163377,Opisthoteuthis agassizii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,agassizii,,,,,"Verrill, 1883","Originally described from a single specimen as Opisthoteuthis agassizii Verrill 1883, this is the type species of the genus Opisthoteuthis. The type locality is off Grenada, Lesser Antilles, tropical Western North Atlantic, 535 m depth." 163378,Octopus hawiiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,hawiiensis,,,,,"Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163379,Loliolus affinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loliolus,affinis,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1856",The type locality is between Cape Town and Tranquebar in the Indian Ocean (Sweeney 2012). 163380,Pteroctopus hoylei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Pteroctopus,hoylei,,,,,"(Berry, 1909)", 163381,Octopus sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Robson, 1929",The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed. 163382,Octopus berenice,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,berenice,,,,,"Gray, 1849",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163383,Uroteuthis sibogae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,sibogae,,,,,"(Adam, 1954)","

The type locality is the coast, SE of Sumba [Cote SE de Soemba (Sweeney 2012)], an island east of Java, Indonesia.

" 163384,Doryteuthis roperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Doryteuthis,roperi,,,,,"(Cohen, 1976)","The type locality is the Caribbean Sea, western North Atlantic Ocean at 25° 42' 30"" N, 79° 20' W (Sweeney 2012)." 163385,Octopus leioderma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,leioderma,,,,,"(S.S. Berry, 1911)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

Hochberg designated a neotype for this species (CASIZ 031369), redescribed the species based on material from Alaska to California and transferred it to Benthoctopus.  However, he did not examine the neotype he designated." 163387,Amphioctopus exannulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,exannulatus,,,,,"(Norman, 1993)", 163388,Octopus australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,australis,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163389,Neoteuthis thielei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,NEOTEUTHIDAE,Neoteuthis,thielei,,,,,"Naef, 1921",No morphological differences were observed in specimens taken from the Atlantic with those from the North Pacific (Vecchione and Young 2003). 163390,Graneledone yamana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,MEGALELEDONIDAE,Graneledone,yamana,,,,,"Guerrero Kommritz, 2000", 163391,Argonauta boettgeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ARGONAUTIDAE,Argonauta,boettgeri,,,,,"Maltzan, 1881","Numerous species of Argonauta have been described. A full list is given by Mangold, Vecchione and Young (2008). No type material has been located for A. boettgeri and the type locality was unknown (""Patria ignota"") at the time of the description, however, the original description contained a clear illustration of the shell. Designation of a neotype might help stabilize nomenclature. The species is often seen spelt A. bottgeri, however the correct transliteration of the name Argonauta Böttgeri given in the original description is Argonauta boettgeri according to Article 32.5.2.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature." 163392,Octopus warringa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,warringa,,,,,"Stranks, 1990",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163393,Alloteuthis africana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Alloteuthis,africana,,,,,"Adam, 1950","The type locality is in the Eastern South Atlantic at 0° 03' S, 9° 07 'E (Sweeney 2012)." 163394,Mastigoteuthis danae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,danae,,,,,"(Joubin, 1933)",This is one of the most taxonomically confused families of squid.  This particular species is known from juveniles only. 163395,Hapalochlaena nierstraszi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Hapalochlaena,nierstraszi,,,,,"(Adam, 1938)","

Only three species included in this genus have been described to date, but there are at least ten species distributed throughout the Indo-west Pacific (Jereb et al. 2014).

" 163396,Gonatus kamtschaticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,kamtschaticus,,,,,"(Middendorf, 1849)","This species has a complicated history entwined with that of Gonatus middendorffi. The latter was erected by Kubodera and Okutani (1981) who had declared Gonatus kamtschaticus nomen dubium on account of the poor description, lack of type material and limited use of its name.  However, Nesis considered G. middendorffi to be a junior synonym of G. kamtschaticus and re-elevated G. kamtschaticus to senior synonym.  We treat Gonatus middendorffi as junior synonym of G. kamtschaticus." 163397,Enteroctopus conispadiceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Enteroctopus,conispadiceus,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1917)",Jereb et al. (2014) deal with this species under 'Octopus' conispadiceus.  No indication is given as to why it has been removed from Enteroctopus. 163399,Opisthoteuthis extensa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,extensa,,,,,"Thiele in Chun, 1915","This species is known only from a single individual, apparently a female, from the type locality (0°57.5'S, 99°51.1'E) in the Indian Ocean (Young and Vecchione 2003).
" 163400,Gonatus oregonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Gonatus,oregonensis,,,,,"Jefferts, 1985", 163402,Mastigoteuthis glaukopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,glaukopsis,,,,,"Chun, 1908","This species forms part of the Mastigoteuthis glaukopsis species group. It is currently composed of three species: Mastigoteuthis atlantica, in the Atlantic Ocean; M. famelica, in the Pacific Ocean; and M. glaukopis in the Indian Ocean. This species is probably synonymous with both M. atlantica and M. famelica (Young and Vecchione 2007)." 163403,Kondakovia longimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Kondakovia,longimana,,,,,"Filippova, 1972", 163404,Opisthoteuthis albatrossi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,albatrossi,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1920)","This species was originally described from four specimens (from south of the Aleutian Islands) as Stauroteuthis (Sasaki 1920), and was considered a Grimpoteuthis by Voss (1988). Collins (2003) suggested that it be included in the genus Opisthoteuthis. This classification is supported by the holotype (male). Although this is in poor condition, it is clear from the original illustration that the body shape and pattern of greatly enlarged suckers at the web margin are characteristic of Opisthoteuthis. The sucker pattern of males is very similar to that of O. californiana and the two species could be synonymous, suggesting that an updated classification of Opisthoteuthis in the North Pacific is needed (Young and Vecchione 2003, Collins and Villanueva 2006).


" 163405,Abraliopsis falco,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abraliopsis,falco,,,,,"Young, 1972", 163406,Muusoctopus profundorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,profundorum,,,,,"(Robson, 1932)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

Following Voss and Pearcy (1990) we believe that, of purported specimens, only the holotype can be assigned to this species with confidence.  The type locality is off Yokohama, south of Honshu, Japan.  Strugnell et al. (2009) report a specimen with similar characteristics from the East Pacific Rise, but hesitated to refer it to M. profundorum because of the very great distance between the two capture localities." 163407,Muusoctopus abruptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,abruptus,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1920)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 163408,Octopus zonatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,zonatus,,,,,"Voss, 1968",

This species was removed from the genus Octopus sensu stricto by Norman and Hochberg (2005) but has not been placed in another genus. Its genetic affinity remains unclear.

163414,Cuora mouhotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,mouhotii,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)","

Two subspecies are recognised: Cuora mouhoutii mouhotii (Gray, 1863) and C. m. obsti (Fritz, Andreas & Lehr, 1997).

Traditionally placed in the monotypic genus Pyxidea until Honda et al. (2002) demonstrated that mouhotii is genetically nested inside Cuora. Hybrids of C. mouhotii with Cuora galbinifrons or C. bourreti gave rise to specimens that were erroneously described as a separate species, Cuora serrata. 

" 163415,Cyclemys oldhamii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cyclemys,oldhamii,,,,,"Gray, 1863","Included with Cyclemys dentata until very recently. Previously considered to contain just a single, variable species, Cyclemys remains subject to ongoing taxonomic investigations which rearrange the taxonomy and nomenclature on an ongoing basis. Key references: Fritz et al. 1996, 1997; Iverson and McCord 1997; Guicking et al. 2002." 163423,Centrochelys sulcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Centrochelys,sulcata,,,,,"(Miller, 1779)","Previously assigned to the genus Geochelone, following Loveridge and Williams (1957), the species has more recently been placed in Centrochelys Gray 1872, following Bour (1980), as subsequently recognized by Devaux (2000), TTWG (2017), and Petrozzi et al. (2020b), but not by Fritz and Havas (2007). There is very little morphological (Lambert 1993) or genetic (mtDNA) variation in this species; however, there is some divergence between eastern and western subpopulations of C. sulcata based on the presence of two haplotypes (Livoreil and Van Der Kuyl 2005), but subspecies are not recognized." 163440,Pelusios niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelusios,niger,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1835)",Includes a widespread dark morph and a 'rayed' morph in the western part of the range in Togo and Nigeria that has not yet been examined taxonomically (Bour and Maran 2003; Luiselli et al. 2018). 163448,Cycloderma aubryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Cycloderma,aubryi,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)", 163458,Batagur borneoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Batagur,borneoensis,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1844)", 164564,Pseudocerastes fieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Pseudocerastes,fieldi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1930",Specimens of Pseudocerastes persicus recorded from Jordan might refer to P. fieldi (A. Disi pers. comm.). 164566,Rhagerhis moilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Rhagerhis,moilensis,,,,,"(Reuss, 1834)","This species is widely known under the generic name Malpolon (although it was included in the genus Scutophis by Geniez et al. 2004). Kelly et al. (2008) found that this species is genetically distinct from other members of Malpolon, but took no taxonomic action. Investigating the nomenclatural history of this snake, Böhme and de Pury (2011) resurrected the genus Rhagerhis for this taxon, a name previously (and erroneously) considered to be unavailable. Rhagerhis appears to be nested within Malpolon (Figueroa et al. 2016), but Uetz et al. (2019) notes that this apparent synonymy not been widely adopted.

Rhamphiophis maradiensis, described from Niger, is now understood to be a junior synonym of R. moilensis (Trape and Mané 2006, I. Ineich pers. comm. 2013), although this treatment has been disputed (L. Chirio pers. comm. in Uetz et al. 2019)." 164567,Trapelus ruderatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,ruderatus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)","This account follows Anderson (1999) and Disi (2002) in including Trapelus blandfordi within T. persicus, itself now a junior synonym of T. ruderatus (Rastegar-Pouyani 2000). Trapelus ruderatus baluchianus (Olivier, 1804) is now included within Trapelus megalonyx Günther, 1864, following Rastegar-Pouyani (2000)." 164571,Phrynocephalus interscapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,interscapularis,,,,,"Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856","The relationship between Phrynocephalus interscapularis and P. sogdianus is unclear. The latter taxon has been listed both as a subspecies of P. interscapularis (Milto and Barabanov 2012) and as a full species (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008, Melville et al. 2009) in recent literature. Solovyeva et al. (2014) found ""only insignificant"" genetic differentiation between the two taxa and suggested that the status of P. sogdianus warrants further investigation." 164579,Varanus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","Varanus irrawadicus Yang & Li, 1987 and V. vietnamensis Yang & Liu, 1994 were previously described as nominal species, but both were synonymized with V. bengalensis by Böhme and Ziegler (1997). The same authors raised V. bengalensis nebulosus (Gray, 1831) to full species status based on a V. b. bengalensis specimen obtained from a market in Phuket (exhibiting characters within the range of V. b. nebulosus), which was thought to prove sympatry between the two forms, together with differences in hemipenial structure. It is widely accepted that this specimen instead represents a geographic race of V. bengalensis, based on a very detailed study of geographic variation in V. bengalensis across its range (Auffenberg 1994). The Phuket locality is also considered doubtful, as this is an extensively-visited area where no nebulosus-morph monitors have otherwise been recorded, and the specimen recorded in the market may have been collected further north (D. Bennett pers. comm. 2017). Consequently V. nebulosus is treated here as a junior synonym of V. bengalensis." 164580,Teratoscincus scincus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Teratoscincus,scincus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1858)","Macey et al. (2005) conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Teratoscincus and concluded on genetic grounds that T. keyserlingi (until then regarded as a subspecies of T. scincus) should be considered a valid species. This author did not, however, conduct any morphological work to determine whether the proposed arrangement represented a morphologically diagnosable species (P. Uetz pers. comm. 2013). Subsequently Wagner et al. (2016) noted that most Afghan records of this species appear to be referable to T. keyserlingi. These authors note that the assignment of Afghan records to the two taxa is ""complicated"", although they recognize both as distinct species occurring in Afghanistan. Nazarov et al. (2017) subsequently elevated the isolated Fergana Valley form T. s. rustamowi to specific status based on both molecular and morphological methods and clarified range limits within Teratoscincus as presently understood." 164582,Saara asmussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Saara,asmussi,,,,,"(Strauch, 1863)", 164585,Phrynocephalus scutellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,scutellatus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1807)",


164588,Trapelus megalonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,megalonyx,,,,,"Günther, 1864","This taxon is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Trapelus ruderatus (e.g.. Anderson 1999). After an examination of the type, Anderson (1999) determined T. microtympanum (known only from the imprecise type locality of 'Persia') to be a synonym of T. megalonyx." 164590,Acanthodactylus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,grandis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909", 164593,Spalerosophis diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spalerosophis,diadema,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Trape and Mané (2006) treat the West African form of this species as a full species Spalerosophis cliffordi, however, Schätti et al. (2009) note that no rationale was presented to justify this treatment. These authors adopt the traditional concept of this form as a subspecies of S. diadema, and this scheme is followed here. Baig and Masroor (2008) consider the former subspecies S. d. atriceps a full species, and this has subsequently been accepted (Schätti et al. 2009). The subspecies S. d. schirasianus has been recognized for Middle Asia, western Afghanistan and Pakistan, however the validity of this taxon is unclear and it has been recognized both as a subspecies and as a synonym of S. d. diadema in recent literature (Baig and Masroor 2008, Schätti et al. 2009); Wagner et al. (2016) tentatively retain it as a subspecies.
" 164594,Hemidactylus persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,persicus,,,,,"Anderson, 1872","Hemidactylus persicus was described by Anderson in 1872 based on specimens collected from Shiraz, Iran; its type locality is restricted to Shiraz (Smith 1935). Morphologically typical animals occur in northeast Saudi Arabia (as far south as Al-Hofuf and perhaps ar-Riyadh), in Bahrain, Kuwait, and lowland Iraq, southern Iran, Pakistan and Gujarat (India) (Smith 1935, Anderson 1999, Minton Jr. 1966, Leviton et al. 1992, Vyas et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). They are characterized by relatively small size (up to 67 mm SVL), a low number of lamellae under the 1st toe of pes (mean 8.8, 8–9) and relatively numerous prenatal pores in males (mean 9.2, 8–11) arranged in a V-shaped line in front of the vent (Carranza and Arnold 2012)." 164596,Acanthodactylus blanfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,blanfordii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1918",


164598,Alsophylax laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Alsophylax,laevis,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1907", 164599,Cerastes gasperettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Cerastes,gasperettii,,,,,"Leviton & Anderson, 1967","Originally assessed for the UAE as the nominate subspecies, Cerastes gasperettii ssp. gasperettii Leviton & Anderson, 1967, but assessment moved to the species-level as only the nominate subspecies is present in the UAE. Indeed, the status of subspecies Cerastes gasperettii ssp. mendelssohni has been under dispute and the general consensus is that it might not be valid (J. Els pers. comm. 2018)." 164600,Trapelus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,agilis,,,,,"(Olivier, 1807)","The taxon Trapelus sanguinolentus is variously considered a distinct species or a subspecies of T. agilis (the latter scheme following Rastegar-Pouyani 1998), and the taxon's appropriate status has yet to be resolved (Macey and Ananjeva 2004). This account treats T. sanguinolentus as a full species, the scheme provisionally adopted by Melville et al. (2009) and Wagner et al. (2011), and now accepted by many authors (Wagner et al. 2016), although Shahamat et al. (2020) found that this arrangement renders T. agilis paraphyletic based on mtDNA. We follow Anderson (1999) by including Laudakia kirmanensis within T. agilis (S. Anderson pers. comm. 2008).

The former of the new subspecies has conventionally been considered as belonging to T. a.  agilis, and the latter to T. a. isolepis. They are distinguishable from the other subspecies of T.  agilis complex by  having several distinctive morphological  characteristics. The distinctiveness of both subspecies is confirmed according to the author's previous extensive studies on this complex using uni- and multivariate analyses of morphological characters. Both subspecies mainly occur as geographical isolates in the periphery of the main range of the complex, and both have mainly been separated from the central continuum (= T. a. agilis) by eco-geographical barriers and are almost entirely restricted in distribution to the lowlands, desert and semi-desert regions with high annual temperature (Rastegar-Pouyani 1999.)." 164605,Platyceps rhodorachis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,rhodorachis,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 164610,Acanthodactylus boskianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,boskianus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","This taxon is a species complex (Baha El Din 2006), and it has been difficult to distinguish morphologically from the similar Acanthodactylus shtreibersi (Tamar et al. 2014). Tamar et al. (2014) reviewed the systematics of A. schreibersi using nuclear DNA and referred A. s. syriacus to the synonymy of the Mediterranean subspecies A. boskianus asper. Suibsequently, Psonis et al. (2016) confirmed that A. boskianus as presently recognized consists of at least four species-level taxa based on mitochondrial DNA, but refrained from taking taxonomic action on the basis that the relationships between clades were insufficiently resolved to reach a ""safe conclusion"" regarding species delimitation." 164611,Paralaudakia caucasia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,caucasia,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1831)","Baig et al. (2012) reassigned Laudakia caucasia to their new genus Paralaudakia. The proposed subspecies Paralaudakia caucasia triannulata has variously been attributed to this species and to P. microlepis. Preliminary molecular data indicates that P. c. triannulata forms a clade with adjacent populations of P. c. caucasia (Macey et al. 1998), however, Baig et al. (2012) suggested that the Transcaucasia population may have represented misidentified P. microlepis and recommended further studies that include molecular evidence to resolve the taxonomy of this and other atypical P. caucasia. These authors anticipate that this work will demonstrate a closer affinity to P. microlepis than P. caucasia, however, other authors hypothesize that the ""triannulata"" form may represent a hybrid between the two taxa (Ananjeva et al. 2014). Pending clarification of this issue this account follows a traditional concept that includes Stellio caucasia triannulata as a subspecies of P. caucasia." 164612,Platyceps karelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,karelini,,,,,"(Brandt, 1838)","Wagner et al. (2016) and Schatti et al. (2014) treat Platyceps mintonorum as a full species without discussion, but neither is concerned with a taxonomic reevaluation of Platyceps karelini. This account therefore follows Uetz and Hallerman (2015) in treating Platyceps mintonorum as a subspecies of P. karelini.

Khan (2006) regards mintonorum as a colour variation of P. karelini and not meriting subspecific status." 164614,Tenuidactylus fedtschenkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,fedtschenkoi,,,,,"(Strauch, 1887)","Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and resurrected the name Tenuidactylus for the clade including T. fedtschenkoi." 164615,Psammophis lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,lineolatus,,,,,"(Brandt, 1836)",


164620,Teratoscincus keyserlingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Teratoscincus,keyserlingii,,,,,"Strauch, 1863","Macey et al. (2005) conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Teratoscincus and concluded on genetic grounds that T. keyserlingi (until then regarded as a subspecies of T. scincus) should be considered a valid species. This author did not, however, conduct any morphological work to determine whether the proposed arrangement represented a morphologically diagnosable species (P. Uetz pers. comm. 2013). Subsequently, Wagner et al. (2016) noted that most Afghan records of this species appear to be referable to T. keyserlingi. These authors note that the assignment of Afghan records to the two taxa is ""complicated"", although they recognize both as distinct species occurring in Afghanistan.

Nazarov et al. (2017) subsequently elevated the isolated Fergana Valley form T. s. rustamowi to specific status based on both molecular and morphological methods and clarified range limits within Teratoscincus as presently understood. Although the Arabian subpopulation of this species is isolated and restricted to the United Arab Emirates, Teratoscincus keyserlingii from Bandar-e-Abas in Iran and the United Arab Emirates are genetically similar." 164623,Eremias persica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,persica,,,,,"Blanford, 1874","Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2010) conducted the first molecular phylogenetic treatment of this widespread lizard, and found that Eremias persica as presently understood contains at least eight genetically divergent lineages. These authors propose that at least four of these lineages warrant specific status. None have available names provided by Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2010); while the name Eremias nigrolateralis was erected by Rastegar-Pouyani and Nilson (1997) this does not correspond to any clades identified in this research, and Rastegar-Pouyani et al. (2010) synonymize this form within E. persica. These authors indicate that further research is needed to describe the new taxa. Pending this research these taxa are retained within the definition of E. persica applied here with the exception of one of two clades known from the western portion of Namak Lake, which Rastegar-Pouyani suggest is sufficiently distinct on both morphological and molecular grounds that ""recognition of this clade as E. persica should be discontinued"".

The type locality for E. persica is reported to be near Isfehan. Although the exact locality is not clear, long-established descriptions of this taxon (Terentjev and Chernove 1965, Szczerbak 1974, Anderson 1999) correspond well with the populations of the south-east Isfehan and north Fars provinces (Pouyani et al. 2010)." 164624,Scincus scincus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincus,scincus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 164626,Eremias scripta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,scripta,,,,,"(Strauch, 1867)","This species has three subspecies: the nominate form, Eremias scripta ladsini, and E. s. pherganensis. The latter is confined to the Fergana Valley, an area under heavy human pressure." 164632,Microgecko persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Microgecko,persicus,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1903)", 164637,Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhynchocalamus,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)","Two subspecies are known in Turkey, R. m. staunini and R. m. melanocephalus, and these might represent distinct species (Baran and Atatür 1998). Only the subspecies R. m. satunini is present within the Caucasus." 164640,Pseudocerastes persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Pseudocerastes,persicus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","We provisionally treat Pseudocerastes fieldi Schmidt, 1930 as a distinct species (Uetz and Hallermann 2010, Uetz et al. 2018, Šmíd and Tolley 2019), although in some accounts it is treated as a subspecies of P. persicus (Leviton et al. 1992).

Pseudocerastes bicornis Wall, 1913, described from a single locality on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border at the eastern range limit for the genus, has long been considered a junior synonym of P. persicus (Sindaco et al. 2013), and this scheme is followed here, but is listed as a valid species without comment by Khan (2006).

Recent studies have confirmed that Pseudocerastes persicus from Oman and the United Arab Emirates are genetically the same as those from Iran (de Pous et al. 2016)." 164642,Naja oxiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,oxiana,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1831)", 164643,Diplometopon zarudnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROGONOPHIDAE,Diplometopon,zarudnyi,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1907", 164644,Ptyas mucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,mucosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Ptyas mucosa was described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Coluber mucosus based on specimens from India (Smith 1943). Two subspecies are recognized: P. m. mucosa and P. m. maximus, the latter being endemic to Sri Lanka. Some authorities recognize a third subspecies, P. m. nigricans Chernov, 1949, endemic to Turkmenistan." 164646,Acanthodactylus micropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,micropholis,,,,,"Blanford, 1874", 164649,Lycodon striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,striatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","Lycodon striatus was described by Shaw in 1802 based on drawings by Dr. Patrick Russell of specimens from Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (Smith 1943). The population present in Middle Asia, L. s. bicolor, might represent a distinct species (N. Ananjeva and N. Orlov pers. comm. September 2008)." 164652,Myriopholis blanfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,blanfordii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 164653,Hemidactylus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,robustus,,,,,"Heyden, 1827","This species has been considered to be a synonym of H. turcicus; while it is now recognized as valid (Baha El Din 2005, Carranza and Arnold 2012), its range limits remain unclear as a result of this former synonymy. The observation that many specimens exhibit apparently intermediate sets of characteristics (Loveridge 1947) is borne out by examination of Ethiopian H. sinaitus (Largen and Spawls 2006). B. Lanza (in Largen and Spawls 2006) attributes these shared characteristics to the existence of possible hybrids, but it may be that the relationship between H. robustus and H. sinaitus is in need of further investigation.

Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences of geckos from Iran and Pakistan with H. robustus from Egypt and the UAE confirms that this species extends at least as far as Sind (Bauer et al. 2006). A recent study on the degree of molecular and morphological differentiation within the H. robustus species group allowed the redescription of H. robustus and the formal description of three new species of Hemidactylus – H. adensis and H. mandebensis from Yemen and H. awashensis from Ethiopia (Šmíd et al. 2015).

Hemidactylus porbandarensis Sharma, 1981 is a synonym of Hemidactylus robustus Heyden, 1827 (Bauer et al. 2012)." 164655,Ptyodactylus puiseuxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,puiseuxi,,,,,"Boutan, 1893", 164656,Acanthodactylus opheodurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,opheodurus,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 164661,Hemidactylus flaviviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,flaviviridis,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835","This species was described by Rüppell in 1835 based on specimens collected from Massaua Island, Eritrea (Smith 1935)." 164662,Eirenis coronella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,coronella,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 164666,Cyrtopodion kachhense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,kachhense,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1872)","

Gymnodactylus ingoldbyi Pricter, 1922 has long been synonymized with Cyrtopodion scaber and C. watsoni. However, study of the new material from Sulaiman tracts, along the western border of Punjab, Pakistan has proved the validity of Gymnodactylus ingoldbyi and established it as a northern race of Cyrtopodion kachhensis (Khan 1998). The subspecific name, ingoldbyi, is in honour of Christopher Martin Ingoldby (1887-1927), who was an officer in the British Army Medical Services and collected zoological specimens (Beolens et al. 2011).

" 164667,Mesalina olivieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,olivieri,,,,,"(Audouin, 1829)","West African subpopulations may represent a different species from that found in the Egyptian type locality (Trape et al. 2012)." 164668,Eremias fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,fasciata,,,,,"Blanford, 1874", 164669,Tenuidactylus turcmenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,turcmenicus,,,,,"(Shcherbak, 1978)","Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and resurrected the name Tenuidactylus for the clade including T. turcmenicus." 164672,Ophiomorus chernovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,chernovi,,,,,"Anderson & Leviton, 1966", 164673,Boiga trigonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,trigonata,,,,,"(Schneider in Bechstein, 1802)","In Middle Asia the species is represented by the subspecies Boiga trigonata melanocephala (Annandale, 1904), which might represent a distinct species (N. Orlov pers. comm. September 2008)." 164676,Laudakia melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,melanura,,,,,"Blyth, 1854","This species has two recognized subspecies: the nominate form, and Laudakia melanura nasiri (known only from the type locality Tanishpa). A third form was originally described as the full species Stellio liratus before being synonymized with L. melanura and later revalidated as a subspecies (Baig et al. 2012 and refs therein). Based on a lack of consistency in characters used to define this subspecies, which they consider may represent differences in habitat or age, Baig et al. (2012) resynonymized L. m. lirata within L. m. melanura." 164677,Mesalina watsonana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,watsonana,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1872)","Mesalina watsonana forms a monophyletic group sister to all other Mesalina species (Šmíd and Frynta 2012). Based on molecular clock calibrations, the split between M. watsonana and the remaining taxa is estimated to have taken place in the mid-Miocene (15.9 Ma). Despite that the species is very agile and widespread on the Iranian Plateau, there is remarkably deep phylogeographic structuring at the population level with seven million years old basal radiation (Šmíd and Frynta 2012)." 164678,Acanthodactylus scutellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,scutellatus,,,,,"(Audouin, 1809)","Harris and Arnold (2000) assert that the subspecies Acanthodactylus scutellatus hardyi is ""better regarded as a full species"" but provide no justification for this, simply pointing to differences highlighted by Arnold (1986). This recommendation has since been followed by several authors (Refai et al. 2003, Schlüter 2010, Uetz and Hallerman 2012), and molecular research suggests that this species does not belong to the same clade as members of the Acanthodactylus scutellatus group (Tamar et al. 2016). This account therefore treats A. hardyi as a separate species." 164680,Ophiomorus brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,brevipes,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)", 164681,Calotes versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,versicolor,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)",The molecular data demonstrate that Calotes versicolor represents multiple species and at least two clades: one from India-Myanmar and another from Myanmar-Southeast Asia (Zug et al. 2006). 164684,Ophiomorus tridactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,tridactylus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1853)",Populations to the east of the range of this species are now referable to Ophiomorus raithmai (Anderson and Leviton 1966). 164685,Platyceps ventromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,ventromaculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)","This species was described in 1834 as Coluber ventromaculatus (Smith 1943). The type locality is unknown. This species is included in Platyceps following Nagy et al. (2004). Western populations of Platyceps ventromaculatus differ from populations in South Asia (India and Pakistan) for which the name Coluber chesneii Martin, 1838 is available. Schätti et al. (2012) determined that C. chesneii represents a subspecies of Platyceps karelini, removing these populations from P. ventromaculatus.

Khan and Khan (2000) didn’t specify any neotype for their new subspecies which are based on a figure in Gray (1830). The status of these subspecies, therefore, remains uncertain (no holotype specified, no valid description after ICZN) (Uetz et al. 2018). Barabanov (2003) indicated that the name C. v. bengalensis is not available and suggested the replacement name C. v. khanorum.

Coluber ventromaculatus Gray, 1834 is the type species of the genus Platyceps Blyth, 1860. Its occurrence in the Himalayan foothills (Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal) and the specific identity of the holotype of P. semifasciatus Blyth, 1860 needs further investigation. P. ventromaculatus crosses the Indus Valley and is found, for instance, along the Makran littoral to as far west as the border area with Iran. Coluber chesneii Martin, 1838 may be a valid northern Saharo-Arabian taxon of the genus Platyceps Blyth, 1860 (Schätti and Schmitz 2006)." 131681739,Pristurus rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,rupestris,,,,,"Blandford, 1874","Badiane et al. (2014) found the taxon “Pristurus rupestris” to contain two genetically well-differentiated species: an eastern clade (=Pristurus rupestris rupestris) that occurs in coastal Iran and the Hajar Mountain range in northern Oman and the eastern UAE, and a western clade distributed from coastal central Oman, through Yemen, Saudi Arabia and up to southern Jordan, with two possible names available: Pristurus guweirensis Haas, 1943 (=P. r. guweirensis elevated to species) or Pristurus migiurtinicus Scortecci, 1933 (synonymized with P. rupestris by Loveridge (1947). Further comparison of material from the type localities of Pristurus guweirensis and Pristurus migiurtinicus is required to confirm which is the applicable name for the western clade taxon, and Badiane et al. (2014) refer to the western clade as Pristurus sp. 1.

The resulting P. rupestris concept includes two nominal subspecies, P. r. rupestris (endemic to the Hajar Mountains) and P. r. iranicus (endemic to coastal Iran). P. r. iranicus is, however, morphologically identical to P. r. rupestris and recognizing it has been found to render P. r. rupestris paraphyletic, and it is possible that work in the near future may synonymize it within P. r. rupestris (S. Carranza pers. comm. 2018).

Within the Hajar Mountains, populations are a species complex that requires further study, and the taxonomic identity of subpopulations are likely to change (Garcia-Porta et al. 2017, Carranza et al. 2018)." 164692,Laudakia nupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,nupta,,,,,"(de Filipi, 1843)","This species has been the subject of competing taxonomic treatments, summarized in Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008), with Laudakia fusca treated variously as a synonym, a full species, or the subspecies Laudakia nupta fusca. Cheatsazan et al. (2008) inferred from morphological differences that the two forms may be reproductively isolated, however, this was rejected by Baig et al. (2012) who opined that ""Morphological differences are clearly not distinct enough to recognize [the two subspecies] as full species"". This account follows Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008) and Baig et al. (2012) in considering L. n. fusca a subspecies of L. nupta, however Baig et al. (2012) caution that this assignment should be considered preliminary, and that workers who have treated L. fusca as a junior synonym of L. nupta are ""most probably"" correct." 164694,Echis carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,carinatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","Echis carinatus was described by Schneider in 1801 as Pseudoboa carinata based on the drawings of the species by Dr. Patrick Russell published in 1796 (Smith 1943). Records of this species from Middle Asia and northern Afghanistan were until recently considered to represent the distinct species Echis multisquamatus. Molecular evidence suggests that E. multisquamatus warrants recognition as a subspecies of E. carinatus (Pook et al. 2009) and that scheme is followed here. E. sochureki is recognized as a distinct species from E. carinatus by some authorities." 164695,Acanthodactylus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,schmidti,,,,,"Haas, 1957", 164696,Gloydius intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,intermedius,,,,,"(Strauch, 1868)","The systematics of this species are extremely complicated due to the lack of comprehensive molecular treatments of the genus, as morphological differences between this species and Gloydius halys are minor (Sindaco et al. 2013). While these authors do not treat this species specifically, in distinguishing it from G. halys they describe its distribution, as recognized by Orlov and Barabanov 1999), as northeastern China, extreme southeastern Russia and the Korean Peninsula. Shi et al. (2016) subsequently found that records from China represent confusion with members of the G. halys complex. Gloydius saxatilis has variously been regarded as a full species, a subspecies or a junior synonym since it was synonymized by Orlov and Barabanov (1999), and is presently treated as a junior synonym of G. intermedius." 164700,Eirenis persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,persicus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1872)","While long included in Eirenis, this species was transferred to Pseudocyclophis. Following Nagy et al. (2004), Pseudocyclophis is a subgenus of Eirenis and the correct nomen is therefore Eirenis (Pseudocyclophis) persicus; other authors have considered Pseudocyclophis a junior synonym of Eirenis. Rajabizadeh et al. (2015) conducted the first taxonomic review of this wide-ranging species, and determined on molecular, morphological and ecological grounds that the name E. persicus was properly attributable only to populations from the southern and western Zagros to the Persian Gulf. These authors elevated the recognized subspecies E. p. nigrofasciatus to specific status and erected the new species E. occidentalis for western populations. These authors also applied the available names E. walteri, E. mcmahoni and E. angusticeps to eastern populations. Unfortunately these latter taxa were only briefly diagnosed, without any discussion of comparative characters and with only summary descriptions of their distributions. Additionally, the novel species E. occidentalis differs morphologically from E. persicus only in patterning and in average scale counts determined based on limited numbers of specimens (9 and 7 respectively). Uetz and Hošek (2016) advised treating the results of this analysis as preliminary; although they recognize E. occidentalis, they do not accept the other actions proposed by Rajabizadeh et al. (2015). Two records reported from Afghanistan (Wagner et al. 2016) were not discussed by these authors, although they consider that E. angusticeps (in the east) may occur here and indicate that E. walteri ""supposedly"" does. Wagner et al. (2016) also consider it possible that these records refer to two different species within the persicus complex. It is however not clear whether the name E. walteri is validly applicable to either; while one of the Afghan specimens has historically been associated with that name, the historical concept of E. walteri refers to a colour morph within the E. persicus group and does not appear to fully correspond to the species concept recognized by Rajabizadeh et al. (2015). Pending further clarification of species boundaries within this group, this account follows the scheme proposed by Uetz and Hošek (2016) and retains E. walteri, E. nigrofasciatus, E. mcmahoni and E. angusticeps within the synonymy of E. persicus." 164701,Oligodon taeniolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,taeniolatus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1853)",This represents a large species complex that requires substantial taxonomic revision (S.R. Ganesh pers. comm. 2019). 164703,Tenuidactylus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,longipes,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1896)","Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and resurrected the name Tenuidactylus for the clade including T. longipes. These authors explicitly rejected the subspecific status for T. voraginosus suggested by Ščerbak and Golubev 1986 [1996] and followed by subsequent authors (e.g. Ananjeva et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). This account follows Bauer et al. (2013) in treating T. voraginosus as a full species. T. microlepis, typically treated as a subspecies, has a similar genetic distance to T. voraginosus and is treated as a full species by Nazarov and Poyarkov (2013). This scheme is followed here." 164704,Psammophis schokari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,schokari,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)",


164709,Eristicophis macmahoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Eristicophis,macmahoni,,,,,"Alcock & Finn, 1897",

164712,Eryx elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,elegans,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 164714,Eremias lineolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,lineolata,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1897)", 164715,Teratoscincus bedriagai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Teratoscincus,bedriagai,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1900", 164718,Bunopus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Bunopus,tuberculatus,,,,,"Blanford, 1874","A previous assessment (Mousa Disi et al. 2010) of this taxon followed Arnold (1980), Ščerbak and Golubev (1996) and Disi (2002) in considering Bunopus blanfordii to be a synonym of B. tuberculatus. More recently Bauer et al. (2013) considered B. blanfordii a valid species. These authors do not discuss this assignment but state that they consider it valid ""pending further investigation"". As they provide no information on this taxon's distribution or differentiation from B. tuberculatus, B. blanfordii is tentatively retained within the species concept applied here. Phylogenetic analyses presented by Machado et al. (2018) show B. blanfordii nested within B. tuberculatus, indicating that recognizing it as distinct would render B. tuberculatus as presently understood, but these authors do not comment on this finding. This is a complicated species complex, and the genetics of B. blanfordii are currently under review to clarify its identity and true distribution (N. Ananjeva and T. Papenfuss pers. comm. 2016)." 164724,Acanthodactylus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,robustus,,,,,"Werner, 1929", 164726,Eurylepis taeniolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eurylepis,taeniolatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1854","This species is sometimes included within the genus Eumeces. This is probably a polytypic species (Minton 1966). There are three recognized subspecies: Eurylpis taeniolatus taeniolatus Blyth, 1854; E.t. arabicus Szczerbak, 1990 and E. t. parthianicus Szczerbak, 1990. Khan (2006) notes that this division is based on colour pattern and not supported by morphological characters. The only other Indian representative of the genus, Eurylepis poonaensis, may be a junior synonym of E. taeniolatus (Sindaco and Jeremçenko 2008).

Eurylepis taeniolatus Blyth, 1854 is the type species of the genus Eurylepis." 164727,Trapelus rubrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,rubrigularis,,,,,"Blanford, 1875",


164728,Mesalina brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,brevirostris,,,,,"Blanford, 1874",This species is in need of taxonomic review as it is almost certainly a complex of species (S. Baha El Din pers. comm. 2009). There are three subspecies. 164731,Teratoscincus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Teratoscincus,microlepis,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1900",


164732,Phrynocephalus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,maculatus,,,,,"Anderson, 1872","Currently, two subspecies of Phrynocephalus maculatus Anderson, 1872 are recognised within its wide and discontinuous range. The nominotypic form is distributed in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, whilst P. m. longicaudatus Haas, 1957 - which Anderson 1999 suggested might be specifically distinct - is distributed mostly along the Arabian Gulf (Anderson 1999), reported from Oman, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia (Arnold 1986).

Populations from Turkmenistan are now considered distinct as Phrynocephalus goluewii (N. Ananjeva and N. Orlov pers. comm. 2008). Phrynocephalus maculatus is the second Phrynocephalus species known to occur in Jordan (Baker et al. 2005)." 164733,Eryx johnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,johnii,,,,,"(Russell, 1801)","Eryx johnii was first described by Russell in 1801 based on specimen from Tranquebar (=Tharangambadi), India (Smith 1943). The status of the subspecies Eryx johnii persicus is not clear; Sindaco et al. (2013) consider, based on an unpublished manuscript, that the name persicus is preoccupied by a different taxon (Wagner et al. 2016). The taxonomic status of E. j. persicus is in need of clarification (Vyas pers. comm.)." 164738,Eryx jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,jayakari,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888", 164745,Eublepharis macularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Eublepharis,macularius,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)","

Eublepharis macularius fuscus has been elevated to specific status (Das 1997), but the validity of several proposed subspecies and their status is unclear (discussed in (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008, Khan 2006 and Wagner et al. 2016). This assessment follows Wagner et al. (2016) in treating the proposed species E. gracilis, described from a captive specimen of unknown origindescribed from a captive specimen of unknown origin, as a nomen dubium. These authors propose recognizing E. m. afghanicus as a full species but note that this status needs to be verified. On this basis, E. afghanicus is tentatively retained within the synonym of E. macularius in this assessment 

" 164746,Eremias intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,intermedia,,,,,"(Strauch, 1875)", 164747,Ablepharus pannonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,pannonicus,,,,,"(Fitzinger, 1824)","Barabanov and Milto (2017) give the authority of this species as 'Lichtenstein, 1823', however, the name Scincus pannonicus was reported in this source (correctly, Fitzinger in Lichtenstein, 1823) without an associated description, and is consequently considered a nomen nudum by Uetz et al. (2018). The correct authority is consequently 'Fitzinger, 1824', in which publication the species was formally described (P. Uetz pers. comm. 2018)." 164748,Cyrtopodion scabrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,scabrum,,,,,"(Heyden, 1827)", 164750,Rhinogekko femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhinogekko,femoralis,,,,,"(Smith, 1933)",


164755,Crossobamon eversmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Crossobamon,eversmanni,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 164758,Platyceps rogersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,rogersi,,,,,"(Anderson, 1893)",This species is included in Platyceps following Nagy et al. (2004). Schätti (2004) and Schätti and Schmitz (2006) include Platyceps rogersi in synonymy with P. ventromaculatus. 16475,Pegasus laternarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,PEGASIDAE,Pegasus,laternarius,,,,,"Cuvier, 1816", 164760,Walterinnesia morgani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Walterinnesia,morgani,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1905)",This species was removed from synonymy with Walterinnesia aegyptia by Nilson and Rastegar-Pouyani (2007). 164761,Ophiomorus blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,blanfordi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 164764,Eremias nigrocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,nigrocellata,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1896","Anderson (1999) suggests that this taxon may not be specifically distinct from Eremias intermedia, however while recognizing this (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008) recent authors have nevertheless treated E. nigrocellata as a valid species (Ananjeva et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008, Darvish and Rastegar-Pouyani 2012, Uetz and Hallerman 2012)." 164769,Lytorhynchus diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lytorhynchus,diadema,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","The status of several described subspecies is unclear, with various authors referring to Lytorhynchus d. gaddi, L. d. arabicus and L. d. mesopotamicus as either subspecies or junior synonyms of L. d. diadema (competing views discussed in Bauer et al. 2017).

The status of L. kennedyi has been considered uncertain for several decades, with Leviton and Anderson (1970) suspecting that future research would demonstrate that these are conspecific. While some authors have followed these authors in provisionally accepting it as valid, others recognize it as simply a colour morph of L. diadema (discussed in Sindaco et al. 2013 and Bauer et al. 2017). The situation is complicated further since competing evidence suggests both that the two species have been found in sympatry, supporting the notion that the two taxa are specifically distinct (Martens 1993); and that a specimen from Libya well outside the range of L. kennedyi exhibits the same patterning, supporting the idea that it is a colour morph (Moravec 1995). Bauer et al. (2017) refrain from making a judgment on the taxonomic status of L. kennedyi, but recognize the Libyan specimen as L. d. diadema." 164772,Myriopholis macrorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,macrorhyncha,,,,,"(Jan, 1860)","This taxon is thought to be a complex of species that is in need of revision (Wallach et al. 2014; S. Baha El Din pers. comm.). West African members of this complex are no longer considered to belong to M. macrorhyncha (J.-F. Trape pers. comm. 2002), but the identity of populations from the Middle East, Pakistan and northwest India are still in need of clarification (Broadley and Wallach 2007). Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) assigned the species to their new genus, Myriopholis. These authors resurrected Leptotyphlops phillipsi from synonymy with M. macrorhyncha, however this action was apparently taken without examining specimens and as such this account treats this taxon as a junior synonym of M. macrorhyhncha pending resolution of this issue." 164775,Eryx tataricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,tataricus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","This species exhibits close similarities to Eryx miliaris, and the two are difficult to distinguish (Ezkandarzadeh et al. 2013). Ezkandarzadeh et al. (2013) attribute records of E. tataricus from Khorasan Province in northeastern Iran to E. miliaris. The distribution of the two taxa elsewhere is in need of clarification: Zhao and Adler (1993) provide a ""composite range"" for the complex in China as the separate ranges of the two taxa in this country cannot be identified. Ezkandarzadeh et al. (2013) outline the distribution of both species and report both from Mongolia, however, Zhao and Adler (1993) and Terbish et al. (2006) consider that only E. tataricus occurs in this country. Cryptic species may exist within the E. miliaris-tataricus complex, based on the finding by Ezkandarzadeh et al. (2013) that two Iranian specimens (to which they applied the name Eryx cf. miliaris) could not confidently be referred to this taxon. The subspecies Eryx tataricus vittatus is sometimes treated as a distinct species following Tokar (1989), a scheme followed widely in Russian literature, however the distinctness of this taxon was not supported by Kluge (1993) using a different set of osteological characters. 

Given the problematic taxonomy of the miliaris-tataricus complex as a whole and the low degree of both morphological and genetic differentiation between these taxa (Pyron et al. 2014, Ezkandarzadeh et al. 2013) E. t. vittatus is retained here as a subspecies pending a revision of the group as a whole. This follows the recommendation by Reynolds et al. (2014), who identified E. t. vittatus as a diagnosable taxon but noted the lack of clarity regarding the distributions of all three taxa (E. tataricus, E. miliaris, and E. t. vitttaus). New phylogenetic research suggests that E. tataricus represents a junior synonym of E. miliaris (Eskandarzadeh et al. 2020) - an arrangement apparently followed without comment by Kamali (2020), who does not include E. miliaris in the Iranian fauna - but this account retains it as valid pending further research to confirm this assignment given the complex taxonomic history of these names and the need for wider sampling outside Iran." 164777,Trapelus sanguinolentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,sanguinolentus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)","The taxon Trapelus sanguinolentus is variously considered a distinct species or a subspecies of T. agilis (the latter scheme following Rastegar-Pouyani 1998). Macey and Ananjeva (2004) found that the two taxa were genetically distinct. This account treats T. sanguinolentus as a full species following Melville et al. (2009) and Wagner et al. (2011), although Shahamat et al. (2020) found that this arrangement renders T. agilis paraphyletic based on mtDNA.

In Central Asia this form has sometimes been known as T. s. aralensis, although this subspecific division has been controversial (Macey and Ananjeva 2004). Macey and Ananjeva (2004) investigated allozyme variation within the two lineages of T. sanguinolentus, and found very little evidence of genetic variation. On this basis, T. s. aralensis should be considered a junior synonym of T. s. sanguinolentus (Macey and Ananjeva 2004)." 16479,Pegias fabula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pegias,fabula,,,,,"I. Lea, 1838", 164806,Unio tigridis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,tigridis,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1853", 164808,Islamia pseudorientalica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,pseudorientalica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 164812,Mienisiella mienisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mienisiella,mienisi,,,,,"(Schütt, 1991)","When originally described, this species was included in the new genus Mienisiella (Schutt 1991), but Bodon et al. (2001) suggested that it maybe a junior synonym of Islamia on the basis of reproductive morphology.This species has now been moved to the genus Islamia, according to MolluscBase, APHID 845669 (checked 05/01/2021), but with no supporting data to advise why the change was made." 164813,Anodonta vescoiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,vescoiana,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1856","Further molecular studies are needed to enlighten the subfamily phylogenetic relationships of this species as well as to validate the species status." 164815,Leguminaia saulcyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Leguminaia,saulcyi,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1852)","

Although Leguminaia is here treated as a unionid genus, other authors (e.g. Modell ,1964) placed it among the Margaritiferidae. Molecular studies are still needed for better clarification. The study of a living population with the aid of molecular characterization would greatly enhance our understanding of this poorly known and rare species.

" 164816,Margaritifera homsensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,homsensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1864)","

The classification of the family margaritiferidae is contentious (Graf and Cummings 2007) having been recently treated from three different perspectives: a) Smith (2001) divided the species of the family among Margaritifera, Margaritanopsis and Pseudunio based mainly on hinge and ctenidia morphology, and placing this species in genus Pseudunio; b) Bogatov et al. (2003) based on the comparatory, tipological method and c) Huff et al. (2004) based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Over the last century several subsequent studies (Modell 1964, Haas 1969, Schutt 1983, Kinzelbach and Roth 1984, Kinzelbach 1987, Schutt 1987, Nesemann 1993, Falkner 1994) have variously considered M. homsensis to be a Potomida (Unionidae), Pseudunio, Margaritana, or Margaritifera (Margaritiferidae). However the presence of mantle-attachment scars on the inner surface of the shell are identical in morphology to those of other margaritiferid species and indicates that M. homsensis sensu lato is properly assigned to the Margaritiferidae (Smith et al. 2001). Additionally and although Huff et al. 2004 had not analysed this species, he suggested that simply assigning all Margaritiferidae to the Margaritifera genus might be a reasonable solution. The discovery and study of a living population of M. homsensis with the aid of molecular characterization would greatly enhance our understanding of this poorly known and rare species.

" 164820,Gyraulus hebraicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,hebraicus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1852)","According to Meier-Brook (1983), the anatomy of G. hebraicus is similar to euphraticus, and hence the two may be conspecific, however the material he examined was not from the type locality, hence he treated both as separate taxon until further material was available of the species." 164840,Heleobia longiscata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,longiscata,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1856)","Schütt (1991) considered this species to be in the genus Semisalsa rather than Heleobia." 164841,Anodonta pseudodopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,pseudodopsis,,,,,"Locard, 1883","The genus of the species has changed from Gabillotia to Anodonta over the past decades depending on the author (e.g. Modell 1951; Falkner 1994) but most recent authors consider the species as belonging to the genus Anodonta (Graf, 2007; Bogan 2010). Further molecular studies are needed to enlighten the phylogenetic relationships of this species" 164851,Dreissena iconica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Dreissena,iconica,,,,,"Schutt, 1991", 164855,Pseudamnicola solitaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,solitaria,,,,,"Tchernov, 1971", 164861,Gyraulus bekaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,bekaensis,,,,,"(Gloer & Bossneck, 2007)", 164875,Heleobia galilaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,galilaea,,,,,"(Preston, 1913)","Schütt (1991) considered this species to be in the genus Semisalsa rather than Heleobia." 164877,Stagnicola tekecus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,tekecus,,,,,"Gloer & Yildirim, 2006", 164878,Belgrandiella libanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,libanica,,,,,"Schutt, 1993", 164888,Stagnicola kayseris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,kayseris,,,,,"Gloer & Yildirim, 2007","This species looks superficially similar to Stagnicola corvus, however, there are anatomical differences between the two species (Gloer and Yildrim 2006)." 164889,Boophis baetkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,baetkei,,,,,"Köhler, Glaw & Vences, 2008", 164893,Brachirus harmandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,harmandi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)", 135458600,Pelochelys cantorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Pelochelys,cantorii,,,,,"Gray, 1864",The conservation assessment of this taxon is complicated by the conviction that the current taxonomic designation hides a complex of several different species. 16503,Pelochelys bibroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Pelochelys,bibroni,,,,,"(Owen, 1853)","Pelochelys bibroni was redescribed and separated from Pelochelys cantorii and restricted to the southern lowlands of New Guinea by Webb (1995), based partly on Rhodin et al. (1993). The genetic divergence of P. bibroni from Asian P. cantorii was confirmed by Engstrom et al. (2004), but it has yet to be compared genetically with P. signifera (Webb 2003), a morphologically distinct species from northern New Guinea. No geographic variation has been reported within the species' range and no subspecies have been named." 165363,Hydrocena gutta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Hydrocena,gutta,,,,,"Shuttleworth, 1852", 165512,Sympetrum depressiusculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,depressiusculum,,,,,"(Selys, 1841)","The Japanese species Sympetrum frequens (Selys, 1883) was considered as the insular vicariant of S. depressiusculum (Selys, 1841). Recent phylogenetic analyses showed that both taxa pertain to a single species. Therefore Sympetrum frequens is treated a junior synonym of S. depressisuculum (Sawabe et al. 2004)." 165788,Vitta adansoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Vitta,adansoniana,,,,,"(Récluz, 1841)", 165808,Neritina gagates,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,gagates,,,,,"Lamarck, 1822", 165811,Septaria borbonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Septaria,borbonica,,,,,"(Bory de st. Vincent, 1804)", 165813,Tarebia granifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Tarebia,granifera,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","


" 166004,Schizothorax griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,griseus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1931", 166005,Sinibotia pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Sinibotia,pulchra,,,,,"(Wu, 1939)","Sinibotia pulchra Wu, 1939 was described from Yangso, Li Kiang, southern China under its synonym Botia pulchra. Botia pulchra was transferred to Sinibotia pulchra by Kottelat (2004) and Tang et al. (2005). Under its synonym Botia gigantea, Sinibotia pulchra was described by Mai (1978) from northern Viet Nam." 166007,Abbottina rivularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Abbottina,rivularis,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)",
166018,Pseudogobio guilinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Pseudogobio,guilinensis,,,,,"Yao & Yang, 1977", 166020,Clarias macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,macrocephalus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 166021,Channa asiatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,asiatica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 166024,Parabramis pekinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parabramis,pekinensis,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)","Max length: 55.0 cm TL male/unsexed; common length: 8.5 cm SL male/unsexed; max. published weight: 4,100 g; max. reported age: 17 years." 166029,Tachysurus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,intermedius,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)", 166031,Sineleotris chalmersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Sineleotris,chalmersi,,,,,(Nichols & Pope 1927) , 166035,Leptobotia elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Leptobotia,elongata,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1870)",
 166036,Schizothorax yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,yunnanensis,,,,,Norman 1923, 166043,Luciocyprinus langsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciocyprinus,langsoni,,,,,"Vaillant, 1904","
" 166051,Macropodus opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Macropodus,opercularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 166053,Nemacheilus binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,binotatus,,,,,"Smith, 1933", 166054,Gobiobotia kolleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobiobotia,kolleri,,,,,"Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966","

Gobiobotia kolleri was originally described from Hainan Island (Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966). In a revision of Chinese species, He & Chen (in Chen, 1998) treat it as endemic to Hainan. The identity of the material recorded by Vietnamese authors need confirmation (Kottelat 2001).

" 166058,Sinibotia robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Sinibotia,robusta,,,,,"(Wu, 1939)","Under its synonyms Botia robusta and Botia hexafurca, Sinibotia robusta was described by Wu 1939 from Yangso, Li Kiang, southern China and by Mai 1978 from Tây-Giang (Hsi-Chiang or West River), China. Valid as Sinibotia robusta by Kottelat (2004)." 166059,Osteochilus salsburyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,salsburyi,,,,,Nichols & Pope 1927 , 166062,Schistura incerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,incerta,,,,,"(Nichols, 1931)", 166071,Tachysurus vachellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,vachellii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)","
" 166072,Onychostoma ovale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,ovale,,,,,Pellegrin & Chevey 1936,"
" 166076,Erromyzon sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Erromyzon,sinensis,,,,,"(Chen, 1980)", 166080,Schistura fasciolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,fasciolata,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)","Several species are presently confused with S. fasciolata in Chinese literature." 166083,Carassius auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carassius,auratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",
166086,Hemiculter lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculter,lucidus,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1872) ",
166092,Coreoperca whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Coreoperca,whiteheadi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 166098,Schistura hingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,hingi,,,,,(Herre 1934) , 166103,Luciobrama macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Luciobrama,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 166106,Oreonectes platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oreonectes,platycephalus,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 166115,Acheilognathus chankaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,chankaensis,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1872)", 166118,Squalidus argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Squalidus,argentatus,,,,,"(Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)", 166126,Micropercops cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Micropercops,cinctus,,,,,"(Dabry de Thiersant, 1872)","This was long considered a synonym of M. swinhonis (an invasive species), however currently considered valid by Eschmeyer and Fricke (2012)." 166132,Gobiobotia meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobiobotia,meridionalis,,,,,Chen & Cao 1977,"
" 166133,Microphysogobio labeoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,labeoides,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)","
" 166135,Schizothorax lissolabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,lissolabiatus,,,,,"Tsao, 1964", 166150,Acentrogobius viridipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,viridipunctatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 166152,Carassioides acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carassioides,acuminatus,,,,,(Richardson 1846),"


" 166158,Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Misgurnus,anguillicaudatus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1842)","Large morphological interpopulation variability and differences in chromosome numbers suggest that several species may be confused under the name M. anguillicaudatus. Some populations from Viet Nam earlier identified as this species are in fact M. multimaculatus and M. tonkinensis." 166159,Siniperca scherzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,scherzeri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1892", 166161,Garra imberba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,imberba,,,,,"Garman, 1912","This species should not be confused with Garra imberbis (Vinciguerra, 1890). Although the names G. imberba and G. imberbis are very similar, they are different species (Kottelat, 2001). Garra imberba was earlier called G. pingi (Tchang, 1929) but this name cannot be used because it has been proposed after G. imberba." 166171,Eleotris oxycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,oxycephala,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","
" 166172,Hypophthalmichthys nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hypophthalmichthys,nobilis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)", 166180,Hemibarbus macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Hemibarbus,macracanthus,,,,,"Lu, Luo & Chen, 1977","
" 166181,Hemibagrus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,guttatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 166183,Metzia formosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Metzia,formosae,,,,,(Oshima 1920) ,"" 166191,Procypris mera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Procypris,mera,,,,,"Lin, 1933", 166193,Hemiculter leucisculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculter,leucisculus,,,,,(Basilewsky 1855), 166195,Siniperca knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,knerii,,,,,"Garman, 1912", 166196,Clupanodon thrissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupanodon,thrissa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","
" 166197,Salanx chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Salanx,chinensis,,,,,(Osbeck 1765), 166198,Acrossocheilus clivosius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,clivosius,,,,,"(Lin, 1935)",Different authors recognise different synonyms of this species and further work is required to confirm its taxonomic status. 166200,Salanx cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Salanx,cuvieri,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850", 166207,Sinibotia superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Sinibotia,superciliaris,,,,,"(Günther, 1892)","Under its synonym Botia superciliaris, Sinibotia superciliaris was described by Günther 1892 from the upper Yangtze River in the Suezan Province. Valid as Sinibotia supercilisaris by Kottelat (2004)." 166211,Cobitis sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,sinensis,,,,,"Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874","The taxonomy of the species in relation to Cobitis dolichorhynchus requires review (Kottelat 2001)." 166212,Liniparhomaloptera disparis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Liniparhomaloptera,disparis,,,,,"(Lin, 1934)","This is possibly more than one species. In Viet Nam, two subspecies are sympatric (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 166214,Microphysogobio kachekensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,kachekensis,,,,,"(Oshima, 1926)","According to Kottelat (2001), Microphysiogobio labeoides (Nichols & Pope, 1927) is a synonym of Microphysiogobio kachekensis. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of both species.
" 166215,Gobiobotia longibarba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobiobotia,longibarba,,,,,"Fang & Wang, 1931","" 166216,Coilia grayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,grayii,,,,,"Richardson, 1845", 166246,Angulyagra polyzonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Angulyagra,polyzonata,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1862)","

The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision. Angulyagra is nomen novum for genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 (M. Seddon pers. comm. 2010).

" 166248,Bithynia misella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,misella,,,,,"(Gredler, 1884)", 166250,Parafossarulus eximius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Parafossarulus,eximius,,,,,(Frauenfeld), 166252,Lamprotula mansuyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,mansuyi,,,,,(Dautzenberg & Fischer),"

Considered to be a synonym of L. crassa by many authors. However, Graf and Cummings (2011) still consider this a valid species.

" 166255,Cipangopaludina cathayensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,cathayensis,,,,,"(Heude, 1912)","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision, and any change of status will require a revised conservation assessment." 166259,Galba pervia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,pervia,,,,,"(Martens, 1867)","" 166261,Pomacea canaliculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,canaliculata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)", 166265,Cipangopaludina chinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,chinensis,,,,,"(Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision, and any change of status will require a revised conservation assessment." 166267,Stenothyra glabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,glabra,,,,,"(Adams, 1861)", 166268,Assiminea latericea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,latericea,,,,,"(Adams & Adams, 1863)", 166278,Helicorbis cantori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Helicorbis,cantori,,,,,"(Benson, 1850)","The species may have been confused with Gyraulus cantori but its distribution is east Asia rather than India (Gyraulus cantori). This species was originally described as Planorbis cantori. Like almost all planorbid shaped freshwater snails it was duly put in the genus Planorbis. Subsequently however, based on anatomic differences, that genus was split in to Gyraulus, Hippeutis, Planorbis, etc.

Specimens in the Indian Museum of Calcutta identified as Planorbis cantori are from Galle and Balapiti, Sri Lanka (coll H.F. Blanford & G. Nevill) and from Jamalpur (ex c. Dr. F. Stoliczka). It may be that there has been confusion with Segmentina trochoideus. Both species are main vectors for fasciolopsiasis, respectively in northern India (trochoideus) and in eastern Asia (cantori) (D. van Damme pers. comm. 2010)." 166281,Semisulcospira libertina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,libertina,,,,,"(Gould, 1859)","This species is extremely variable in its structure, and ""the nomenclature of its many forms, races and subspecies will remain confused""  (Abbott 1948)." 166282,Tricula humida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,humida,,,,,(Heude), 166293,Bithynia fuchsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,fuchsiana,,,,,"(Moëllendorff, 1888)", 166297,Lamprotula caveata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,caveata,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)","

The original name for this species is Unio caveatus. Unio contritus and Unio quadrangulosus are synonyms. Haas (1969) considered this species to be a synonym of Lamprotula leai (Gray), although MUSSELp considers both species to be valid.

" 166298,Pila polita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,polita,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1830)", 166299,Cipangopaludina ampulliformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,ampulliformis,,,,,"Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision.

" 166307,Polypylis hemisphaerula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Polypylis,hemisphaerula,,,,,"(Benson, 1842)",
166310,Sinotaia quadrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Sinotaia,quadrata,,,,,"(Benson, 1842)","

The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision.

In most parts of the range it is listed as Sinotaia quadrata (e.g. Japan, China); the genus Bellamya is now normally viewed as an African taxon group. 

" 166312,Ferrissia parallela,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,parallela,,,,,(Haldeman) , 166315,Lanceolaria grayana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lanceolaria,grayana,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)","Bogan and Do (2011) discuss the seniority of Lanceolaria grayii (Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1833) and Lanceolaria grayana (Lea, 1834), suggesting that if grayii is treated as a synonym of grayana, then Lanceolaria grayii (Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1833) should take precedence.

The taxonomic status of these two species has been based solely on shell shape and form and not on anatomy, glochidia or DNA analyses. However, there is evidence to support treating L. grayii and L. grayana as separate species, with grayii present in northern Viet Nam (and perhaps Jiangxi province, China (A. Bogan pers. comm. 2011), whilst the range of grayana spreads northwards, and this approach has been followed here, with grayii assessed separately." 166410,Ophisternon bengalense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Ophisternon,bengalense,,,,,"McClelland, 1844",There are no taxonomic issues regarding this species. 166415,Otolithoides pama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Otolithoides,pama,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Listed as Pama pama in Talwar and Jhingran (1991)." 166442,Tenualosa ilisha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Tenualosa,ilisha,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166456,Macrognathus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,aculeatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)","All these groups have been synonomised under this one name, M. acculeatus. By designating a neo type for this species (from Java), the type locality has been restricted (Kottelat and Widjanarti 2005)." 166461,Macrospinosa cuja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Macrospinosa,cuja,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166466,Acantopsis choirorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Acantopsis,choirorhynchos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","Given that the taxonomy/geographic diversity of the group is quite poorly studied, and that populations from Sabah (Malaysian Borneo), Manipur (India) and Thailand have been described to science (as A. octoactinotos, A. multistigmatus and A. thiemmedhi, respectively) quite recently it would seem likely that additional new species would result from any detailed study. It is probable that the species represents a cluster of undescribed species (Seriously Fish 2011)." 166477,Aplocheilus panchax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Aplocheilus,panchax,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",The species is in need of taxonomic review due to its apparent wide range. 166506,Johnius gangeticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,gangeticus,,,,,"Talwar, 1991","Johnius gangeticus is probably a synonym of J. coitor (N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2018)." 166517,Zenarchopterus striga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,striga,,,,,"(Blyth, 1858)", 166518,Nemacheilus doonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,doonensis,,,,,"Tilak & Husain, 1977", 166530,Polynemus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polynemus,dubius,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 166546,Amblyeleotris gymnocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,gymnocephala,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 166566,Toxotes chatareus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TOXOTIDAE,Toxotes,chatareus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Toxotes chatareus probably comprises a large species complex; Australian species almost certainly represent a separate species (Heok Hee Ng, pers. comm.). The species is in need of taxonomic review." 166572,Zenarchopterus buffonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,buffonis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 166587,Exostoma berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Exostoma,berdmorei,,,,,"Blyth, 1860", 166598,Drombus globiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Drombus,globiceps,,,,,"(Hora, 1923)", 166613,Clarias batrachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,batrachus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 166620,Odonteleotris macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Odonteleotris,macrodon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","Odonteleotris macrodon may consist of two or more species, and further research is required (D. Hoese in litt.). This species was described from West Bengal, India and so if this species is split into more than one species then the name will be associated with the species in India." 166627,Lates calcarifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,calcarifer,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 166638,Hemigobius hoevenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hemigobius,hoevenii,,,,,(Bleeker 1851) , 166641,Polynemus paradiseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polynemus,paradiseus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 166652,Botia lohachata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,lohachata,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1912", 166727,Paludomus tanschuaricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,tanschuaricus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1771)", 166774,Polymesoda bengalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Polymesoda,bengalensis,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1818)", 166800,Assiminea francesiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,francesiae,,,,,"Wood, 1828", 166853,Hemiculter elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculter,elongatus,,,,,Nguyen & Ngo 2001,The species is only known from its type series. 166857,Placocheilus caudofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Placocheilus,caudofasciatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)",



166858,Hainania serrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hainania,serrata,,,,,"Koller, 1927", 166861,Sinibrama melrosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Sinibrama,melrosei,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)","The species is now treated as a possible synonym of Sinibrama affinis (Xie et al. 2003a,b)." 172660797,Megalobrama mantschuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Megalobrama,mantschuricus,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)","The confusion between the two names Megalobrama mantschuricus and synonym Megalobrama skolkovii, and the use of one of them is strictly nomenclatural - both names, M. mantschricus (Basilewsky, 1855) and M. skolkivii (Dybowski, 1872), refer to one and the same species. This Red List assessment follows Bogutskaya et al. (2008) use of Megalobrama mantschuricusis (being also the senior synonym); as M. mantschuricus is also the latest review of the Amur fishes (Antonov et al. 2019)." 166870,Pareuchiloglanis macrotrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,macrotrema,,,,,"(Norman, 1925)","Kottelat (2001) notes that the species was described by Chinese workers based on specimens from the Hong (Red) River, and as there are small differences, recommends a direct comparison of Chinese and Vietnamese material." 166875,Vanmanenia tetraloba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,tetraloba,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)",Kottelat (2001) considered the original description to be insufficient to differentiate it. Considered valid (as Vanmanenia tetraloba (Mai 1978)) by Chen and Tang (2000). 166876,Spinibarbus hollandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,hollandi,,,,,"Oshima, 1919","The Taiwan population may be a separate species (Tang et al. 2004)" 166878,Spinibarbus denticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,denticulatus,,,,,"(Oshima, 1926)", 166879,Gerres limbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,limbatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830",


166880,Toxabramis houdemeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Toxabramis,houdemeri,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1932", 166885,Tephrinectes sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Tephrinectes,sinensis,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","Contemporary studies indicate that Tephrinectes is not a member of the family Paralichthyidae (Hensley and Ahlstrom 1984, Hoshino and Amaoka 1998)." 166886,Hypophthalmichthys harmandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hypophthalmichthys,harmandi,,,,,Sauvage 1884 ,"


" 166887,Hemibagrus pluriradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,pluriradiatus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1892)","The species has been misidentified as H. elongatus (in Hainan for example)." 166889,Cobitis squataeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,squataeniatus,,,,,Ngô 2008,"The species is apparently only known from the type series, and research is required to confirm the taxonomic status of the species." 166893,Ambassis vachellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,vachellii,,,,,Richardson 1846,"The species was reviewed by Allen and Burgess (1990), who noted that the species has often been misidentified and erroneously synonymized with several others (e.g. Ambassis commersoni, A. dussumieri, A. gymnocephalus).

" 166896,Glyptothorax honghensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,honghensis,,,,,"Li, 1984", 166898,Scaphiodonichthys macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Scaphiodonichthys,macracanthus,,,,,(Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) , 166901,Hemibagrus vietnamicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,vietnamicus,,,,,Mai 1978,


166903,Semilabeo notabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semilabeo,notabilis,,,,,"Peters, 1881", 166904,Cynoglossus lingua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,lingua,,,,,"Hamilton, 1822","

Specimens collected at Can Tho and Vinh Long provinces, Viet Nam, described by Mai (1992), may also be this species

" 166905,Lutjanus erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,erythropterus,,,,,"Bloch, 1790",This species has been referred to as Lutjanus malabaricus or Lutjanus altifrontalis by many recent authors. 166907,Beaufortia leveretti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Beaufortia,leveretti,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)", 166909,Folifer brevifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Folifer,brevifilis,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)","
" 166912,Parazacco spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parazacco,spilurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 166913,Cynoglossus puncticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,puncticeps,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)",There are several nominal species referred to with the name Cynoglossus puncticeps. The taxonomic status of these nominal species needs to be determined (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2014). 166915,Onychostoma lepturum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,lepturum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","The correct spelling of the species name is lepturus. This is a noun, not an adjective, therefore remains invariable and does not have to agree in gender with the generic name (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2012)." 166916,Saurogobio immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Saurogobio,immaculatus,,,,,"Koller, 1927", 166917,Bagarius rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Bagarius,rutilus,,,,,Ng & Kottelat 2000,


166918,Siniperca chuatsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,chuatsi,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)","Considered the species in Viet Nam to be Siniperca vietnamensis (Kottelat 2001)." 166921,Pseudohemiculter hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Pseudohemiculter,hainanensis,,,,,(Boulenger 1900) , 166922,Sinogastromyzon rugocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,rugocauda,,,,,"Mai, 1978", 166924,Pseudolaubuca sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Pseudolaubuca,sinensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1864", 166929,Echidna polyzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,polyzona,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","Species formerly known under the genus Poecilophis are synonyms of the genus Echidna. Poecilophis tritor and Poecilophis pikei are synonyms of Echidna polyzona. In addition, Echidna leihala, Echidna obscura, Echidna psalion, Echidna sauvagel, Echidna vincta, Echidna zonata, and Echidna zonophaea are all considered synonyms of Echidna polyzona. Other synonyms also included under Echidna polyzona are Muraena dizona and Muraena fascigula." 166932,Saurogobio dabryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Saurogobio,dabryi,,,,,"Bleeker, 1871","Records from Viet Nam refer to Saurogobio dabryi vietnamensis, a synonym of Saurogobio immaculatus (Kottelat 2001)." 166934,Spinibarbus ovalius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,ovalius,,,,,"Nguyen & Ngo, 2001"," Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of this species." 166935,Trypauchen vagina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trypauchen,vagina,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",


166936,Barbodes semifasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,semifasciolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 166939,Cranoglanis henrici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CRANOGLANIDIDAE,Cranoglanis,henrici,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1893)", 166940,Cynoglossus trigrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,trigrammus,,,,,"Günther, 1862","Cynoglossus trigrammus is considered a junior synonym of C. abbreviatus by some; however, both are treated as valid species by other workers (e.g., Li and Wang 1995). According to Kottelat (2001), the status of these nominal species needs clarification." 166942,Gymnothorax buroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,buroensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)",This species may be part of a complex of similar species (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011). 166943,Onychostoma lini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,lini,,,,,"(Wu, 1939)", 166944,Osteomugil perusii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Osteomugil,perusii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 166947,Lagocephalus sceleratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,sceleratus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Some authors have placed this species in the genus Pleuranacanthus (Su and Li 2002). 166950,Rasbora steineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,steineri,,,,,"Nichols & Pope, 1927", 166952,Cyclocheilichthys armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,armatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 166953,Tachysurus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,sinensis,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803", 166954,Squalidus chankaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Squalidus,chankaensis,,,,,"Dybowski, 1872", 166955,Parapocryptes serperaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parapocryptes,serperaster,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)",


166958,Parazacco fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parazacco,fasciatus,,,,,"(Koller, 1927)", 166962,Rhodeus spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,spinalis,,,,,"Oshima, 1926", 166963,Taenioides gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Taenioides,gracilis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 166966,Verasper variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Verasper,variegatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 166967,Sinogastromyzon tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,tonkinensis,,,,,"Pellegrin & Chevey, 1935","

Sinogastromyzon tonkinensis was described by Pellegrin & Chevey 1935 from the Lai Chau Province in northern Viet Nam.

" 166970,Cobitis ylengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,ylengensis,,,,,Ngô 2003,The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. 166972,Poropuntius krempfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,krempfi,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934)", 166974,Cryptocentrus pavoninoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,pavoninoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)",


166976,Onychostoma simum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,simum,,,,,(Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) , 166978,Sinobdella sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Sinobdella,sinensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1870) ", 166979,Oryzias latipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,latipes,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","This species belong to order Beloniformes, family Adrianichthyidae" 166980,Rhinogobius giurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,giurinus,,,,,"(Rutter, 1897)", 166981,Poropuntius kontumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,kontumensis,,,,,"(Chevey, 1934)", 166982,Periophthalmodon schlosseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmodon,schlosseri,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)",


166984,Cobitis longitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,longitaeniatus,,,,,Ngô 2008,The species is only known from the type series and further research is required to confirm the taxonomic status of the the species. 166987,Cobitis phongnhaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,phongnhaensis,,,,,Ngô 2008, 166988,Neolissochilus benasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,benasi,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)","The species level systematic of the genus Neolissochilus need a critical revision, but the species N. benasi apparently is valid (Kottelat 2001)." 166989,Tridentiger trigonocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tridentiger,trigonocephalus,,,,,"(Gill, 1859)",

166991,Pterocryptis cochinchinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,cochinchinensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 166993,Rasbora sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,sumatrana,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","A relatively high number of species from different parts of Southeast Asia have been identified under the name Rasbora sumatrana in the past. In consequence, it had been long thought that the species had a wide distribution throughout much of Southeast Asia; such a broad range that has included the Lower Mekong basin (from Yunnan, China, southwards, including major tributaries such as the Srepok), the Chao Phraya and Mae Khlong basins, southeastern Thailand, southwest Cambodia, the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra and western Kalimantan) and from Sarawak. Nevertheless, a number of more recent studies have described or revalidated many of the populations from different Southeast Asian regions previously identified as R. sumatrana each as a separate valid species and classified all of these species in the Sumatrana group of Rasbora (Kottelat 1986, Kottelat and Lim1995, Kottelat 2001, 2005, Tan and Kottelat 2009, Lumbantobing 2014). Moreover, Tan and Kottelat (2009) pointed out that the use of the name R. sumatrana is necessarily restricted to the populations from fast-flowing streams of the interior of Sumatra given its type locality being in Solok area, West Sumatra. They, however, seem to notice the likelihood of more than one species of the Sumatrana group being present in the region, yet are still uncertain to which particular population the identity of R. sumatrana should belong. Later on, Lumbantobing (2014) has described four new species in the Sumatrana group of Rasbora from four different regions in the interior of Sumatra. Notwithstanding, the taxonomy of R. sumatrana remains unresolved primarily due to unclear species delineation and the bad condition of the type material, while there are still more than one species recorded from different basins in the vicinity of Solok remaining undescribed to date.       " 166996,Psettodes erumei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PSETTODIDAE,Psettodes,erumei,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",


166997,Tetraodon biocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,biocellatus,,,,,"Tirant, 1885",


166998,Balitora lancangjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,lancangjiangensis,,,,,"(Zheng, 1980)","Balitora vanlongi Nguyen, 2005 is probably a synonym of this species.
" 167001,Tachysurus virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,virgatus,,,,,"(Oshima, 1926)",


167003,Hemibagrus centralus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,centralus,,,,,"Mai, 1978",


167004,Garra laichowensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,laichowensis,,,,,Nguyen & Doan 1969 ,A detailed redescription and careful illustrations are needed (Kottelat 2001). 167005,Abbottina binhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Abbottina,binhi,,,,,Nguyen 2001,"The species is only known only from the type series. It is doubtful if this is an Abbottina and it should be subject to further examination (S. Kullander pers. comm. 2010)." 167007,Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Scaphiodonichthys,acanthopterus,,,,,(Fowler 1934) , 167008,Ochetobius elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Ochetobius,elongatus,,,,,"(Kner, 1867)",



167010,Oxyurichthys tentacularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,tentacularis,,,,,(Valenciennes 1837) ,"This species was described from Java, Indonesia." 167011,Sinogastromyzon chapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,chapaensis,,,,,"Mai, 1978","

Sinogastromyzon chapaensis was described by May 1978 from the Red River (Song Hong) system in northern Viet Nam. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001).

" 167012,Squalidus atromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Squalidus,atromaculatus,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)", 167025,Sulcospira swinhoei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,swinhoei,,,,,"(H. Adams, 1870)","The name Antimelania is a synonym of Brotia, however, the genus affiliation of the present species is unclear and it is considered that the species is a member of Sulcospira (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2011). This name Antimelania swinhoei refers to a species described by S. Adams from Hainan, southern China; Vietnamese samples have been attributed to this taxon, but further research is required to confirm their identity as Antimelania swinhoei." 167032,Cipangopaludina leucythoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,leucythoides,,,,,"(Benson, 1856)","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision. Pace (1973) treats this as a probable synonym of C. chinensis (Reeve), however von Rintelen (pers. comm. 2010) considers that more research of this poorly studied group is needed." 167038,Sinotaia aeruginosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Sinotaia,aeruginosa,,,,,"Reeve, 1863","

The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision. 

The taxon is regarded as a subspecies in some parts of the range (e.g., of B. quadrata; Indo-Burma assessment workshop participants 2011), whereas in China it is regarded as a distinct species. The taxon was originally described from China by Reeve, 1863. Dautzenberg and Fischer (1905), Yen (1939) and Zilch (1958) regarded it as a subspecies of B. quadrata. It is not considered to be a valid species in Thailand, where Bellamya quadrata is recognised.

" 167069,Rhinocypha drusilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,drusilla,,,,,"Needham, 1930", 167070,Nihonogomphus simillimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,simillimus,,,,,"Chao, 1982", 167073,Anisogomphus anderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,anderi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948","As stated by Lieftinck (1948) in his original description there are no close allies within the Anisogomphus genus. The inferior appendages are distinctive and serve to separate from all other members of the genus. Chao (1995) described the nymph from Guangze County, Fujian." 167075,Vestalaria velata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalaria,velata,,,,,"(Ris, 1912)","This species was originally described as a subspecies of Vestalis smaragdina Selys, 1879. It was upgraded to a full species by Hämäläinen (2004) and later transferred to the genus Vestalaria May, 1935 by Hämäläinen (2006)." 167078,Leptogomphus perforatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,perforatus,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 167081,Rhipidolestes truncatidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,truncatidens,,,,,"Schmidt, 1931","Lestomima flavostigma May, 1933 was assessed previously and published on the IUCN Red List in 2009, but was subsequently shown by Kalkman and Wilson (2010) to be a junior synonym of Rhipidolestes truncatidens. Schmidt (1931) described Rhipidolestes truncatidens from Guangdong based on 12 males. It is a pruinosed, large-sized Rhipidoletes with black face and wings with dark brown apical patches." 167083,Idionyx claudia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,claudia,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 167088,Asiagomphus septimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,septimus,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)", 167092,Libellula melli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,melli,,,,,"Schmidt, 1948",The female is undescribed. 167100,Sinosticta ogatai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Sinosticta,ogatai,,,,,"(Matsuki & Saito, 1996)", 167102,Calicnemia sinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,sinensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1984","Lieftinck (1984) produced a key to all known males of Calicnemia and described this species from material collected from Fujian. He divided the genus Calicnemia into two distinct groups: Group I containing males with a recurved penis lobe narrow and ribbon-like apical filaments and Group II comprised of males with recurved penis lobe broad, variously expanded and lacking any filaments. This species belongs to Group I. It is readily distinguished from other members of the genus by the reduced size of the yellow antehumeral stripes which are coloured red or orange in other species and broader." 167107,Sympetrum darwinianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,darwinianum,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)","Sympetrum darwinanum (Selys, 1883) was originally described as a race of Diplax frequens, type locality Japan, before Ris (1911) established the existing generic combination." 167112,Fukienogomphus prometheus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Fukienogomphus,prometheus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1939)", 167114,Chloropetalia soarer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chloropetalia,soarer,,,,,"Wilson, 2002", 167116,Macromia unca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,unca,,,,,"Wilson, 2004", 167118,Ophiogomphus sinicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,sinicus,,,,,"(Chao, 1954)", 167121,Asiagomphus hainanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,hainanensis,,,,,"(Chao, 1953)","Asiagomphus hainanensis was described, solely from male material collected from Hainan and Asiagomphus septimus (Needham 1930) was described from continental male material obtained from Fujian. The holotype male A. septimus and first A. septimus female were illustrated by Chao (1953: 404, figs 12-19) and in the same publication Chao (1953: 406, figs 20-25) also figured a male A. hainanensis in his original description, which had previously been identified by Needham (1931) as A. septimus. Chao (1953) only figured the female valvular vulvae of A. septimus which are short and broadly triangular-shaped. Both Chao (1953) and later Asahina (1966) illustrated  male and female Fujianese A. septimus specimens all with conjoined 1st and 2nd yellow lateral thoracic stripes.

The males of these two species are easily separated by the structure of the posterior hamulus. The tip of the male outer hamulus of A. septimus (Chao 1953: 404, fig. 14; Asahina 1966: 109, fig. 4) is much smaller when viewed in profile than that of A. hainanensis (cf. Chao 1953: 406, fig. 22; Asahina 1966: 110-111, figs 11 and 14). In addition, the shaft of the posterior hamulus of A. septimus is much straighter than the stouter, humped posterior hamulus of A. hainanensis.

Wilson (1999) pointed out that females of A. hainanensis and A. septimus must be separated with considerable caution. Asahina (1978a: 3, 5-6, figs 3-9) illustrated male and female A. septimus material from Fujian including the female occipital margin. The occipital crest in female continental Fujianese A. septimus is strongly arched with a large U-shaped or semi-circular notch at the centre.

Asahina (1966: 111, Figs 15-16) described the female A. hainanensis for the first time, from Hong Kong material. However, in Asahina (1988a: 689-690, Fig.1) he mistakenly reidentified the Hong Kong female as A. septimus and substituted an illustration of a supposedly true female A. hainanensis occipital margin with a uniformly straight margin based on Taiwanese material (but the Figure was labelled from Hong Kong adding to the confusion). The original Asahina (1966) figure had a strongly arched occipital crest with a V-shaped notch bordered by several short, stout spines. Wilson (1999) remarked that he had collected many female specimens in Hong Kong with these characteristics and stated he was convinced that Asahina had originally identified the Hong Kong female A. hainanensis correctly in his 1966 paper. Wilson also attributed the straight occipital margin to A. hainanensis and remarked it was perhaps a ‘masculine’ A. hainanensis female form (Wilson, 1999: Fig. 22: A. hainanensis, Hong Kong: female occipital normal margin, Fig 23: A. hainanensis, Hong Kong: female occipital margin, ‘masculine form’). Wilson (1999) reidentified all previous records of A. septimus in Hong Kong as A. hainanensis. Wilson was proved correct in his assumptions when the first true female A. hainanensis occipital margin from the type-locality in Hainan was described and figured in Wilson (2009) with a strongly arched margin with V-shaped notch at the centre.

Due to the confusion regarding the true form of female A. hainanensis and its misidentification as A. septimus, many records of A. septimus may in fact relate to the widespread A. hainanensis. Even today Zhang (2019) illustrates the female occipital A. hainanensis with a straight margin, which is not its typical form that, as explained above, is strongly arched with a pronounced V-shaped notch. To add to the confusion the occipital margin of A. pacificus, widespread throughout south China, may also feature a uniformly straight occipital margin with or without a very small v-shaped notch (Wilson 2009). It is only safe to identify continental A. hainanensis with an occipital margin which is strongly arched with a pronounced V-shaped notch." 167122,Cephalaeschna dinghuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,dinghuensis,,,,,"Wilson, 1999", 167128,Periaeschna zhangzhouensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,zhangzhouensis,,,,,"Xu, 2007", 167129,Ceriagrion melanurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,melanurum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)",The species was described from Japan by Selys (1883). Asahina (1967) revised the genus Ceriagrion and provided a diagnostic description of the species. 167130,Megalestes discus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,discus,,,,,Wilson 2004, 167134,Caliphaea nitens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Caliphaea,nitens,,,,,"Navás, 1934", 167135,Lamelligomphus hainanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,hainanensis,,,,,"(Chao, 1954)", 167138,Stylurus nanningensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,nanningensis,,,,,"Liu, 1985", 167140,Zygonyx asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,asahinai,,,,,"Matsuki & Saito, 1995", 167141,Planaeschna nanlingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,nanlingensis,,,,,"Wilson & Xu, 2008", 167143,Sympetrum baccha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,baccha,,,,,"(Selys, 1884)","The subspecies Sympetrum baccha baccha (Selys, 1884) was described from southern China and the subspecies Sympetrum baccha matutinum Ris, 1911 from Japan. The two subspecies are easily separated. The nominate subspecies has wing tips which are only slightly blackish-brown beyond the level of the pterostigma or they are entirely hyaline whereas in Sympetrum baccha matutinum the wing tips are entirely black from the level of pterostigma." 167154,Macromia manchurica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,manchurica,,,,,"Asahina,1964 ", 167155,Chlorogomphus shanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,shanicus,,,,,"Wilson, 2002", 167161,Euphaea opaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,opaca,,,,,"Selys, 1853","Euphaea opaca Selys, 1853, males have uniformly dark blackish wings. It superficially resembles E. superba Kimmins, 1936, and both species are known from southern China, but E. superba has bright orange-red basal wing venation." 167171,Aciagrion huaanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,huaanensis,,,,,"Xu, 2005",Xu (2005) described this species as new to science based on a single female adult. The taxonomy of this species therefore needs to be confirmed. 167173,Fukienogomphus choifongae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Fukienogomphus,choifongae,,,,,"Wilson & Tam, 2006", 167174,Macromia daimoji,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,daimoji,,,,,"Okumura, 1949", 167179,Archineura incarnata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Archineura,incarnata,,,,,"(Karsch, 1892)", 167182,Megalogomphus sommeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,sommeri,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 167186,Labrogomphus torvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Labrogomphus,torvus,,,,,"Needham,1931 ",Labrogomphus is a monotypic genus erected by Needham (1931) to receive a female specimen of Labrogomphus torvus collected from Hainan. Chao (1954) described the male and larvae specimens collected from Fujian. 167192,Fukienogomphus promineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Fukienogomphus,promineus,,,,,"Chao, 1954", 167193,Planaeschna suichangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,suichangensis,,,,,"Zhou & Wei, 1980", 167197,Sinosticta debra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Sinosticta,debra,,,,,"Wilson & Xu, 2007", 167198,Rhipidolestes janetae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,janetae,,,,,"Wilson, 1997", 167205,Melligomphus ardens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Melligomphus,ardens,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)", 167206,Rhipidolestes cyanoflavus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,cyanoflavus,,,,,"Wilson, 2000", 167207,Macromidia kelloggi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,kelloggi,,,,,"Asahina, 1978", 167214,Anotogaster sieboldii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,sieboldii,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)","Anotogaster sieboldii shows geographical variations in body size and maculation pattern in northern regions, satellite islands (e.g., Izu Islands) and the northern and middle Ryukyu Archipelago. In the past, the population of Yaeyama Island of Ryukyu archipelago, SW Japan was included in Anotogaster sieboldii, but by consideration of genetic and morphological review (Karube et al. 2012), the population has been identified as Anotogaster klossi." 167217,Drepanosticta hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,hongkongensis,,,,,"Wilson, 1996", 167240,Gomphidia fukienensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,fukienensis,,,,,"Chao, 1955","

Chao (1955) established the subspecies Gomphidia krueger fukienensis from Fujianese specimens, which, according to Chao (1990), differed from the nominate taxon by the presence of a pair of large lateral yellow spots on the otherwise black postclypeus and the 2nd and 3rd black lateral thoracic stripes connected by a broad bar along the sub-spiracular suture. The nominate taxon, G. kruegeri kruegeri Martin (1904) has a postclypeus with yellow spots either absent, or markedly reduced, and the 2nd and 3rd black lateral thoracic stripes are mostly conjoined, apart from two small yellow spots. Kosterin and Chartier (2018) report that Zhang Haomiao has shown that G. krueger fukienensis should be treated at species level and indeed Zhang (2019) treats G. fukienensis as a good  species. Zhang (2019) states that apart from the colour pattern differences the posterior hamulus and female vulvar laminar are structurally different. It is treated here as a  valid species G. fukienensis." 168098,Bulinus bavayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,bavayi,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1894)",Bulinus bavayi belongs to the B. forskalii group sensu Mandahl-Barth. It is a Malagasy endemic that was formerly confused with B. mariei (presently considered as a synonym of B. forskalii). Genetic research has confirmed its taxonomic status (Stothard et al. 2001). 168195,Samoana burchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,burchi,,,,,"Kondo, 1973","High altitude species in the wild misidentified as S. attenuata but recently reclassified as S. burchi after molecular analysis (O'Foighil pers. comm.)" 168251,Garra imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,imberbis,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)","This species should not be confused with Garra imberba (Garman, 1912). Although the names G. imberba and G. imberbis are very similar, they are different species (Kottelat 2001). Because of the confusion and misidentification there is virtually no information on its actual range. It was originally described from Tao in Kayin, Myanmar and this is possibly the only genuine record.
" 168341,Badis ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,ruber,,,,,"Schreitmüller, 1923","


" 168409,Danio margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,margaritatus,,,,,"(Roberts, 2007)","Roberts (2007) described Danio margaritatus as Celestichthys margaritatus. Conway et al. (2008) treated it under genus Danio.
" 168425,Homaloptera rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,rupicola,,,,,"(Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)","Chopraia rupicola Prashad and Mukerji, 1929 was described from Kamaing, Myitkyina District, northern Myanmar.  This species is considered valid under the genus Homaloptera (Menon 1987)." 168488,Triplophysa stolickai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,stolickai,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)","This species was described by Steindachner (1866) from Lake Tso Morari, a small endorheic basin in Rupshu (Kashmir) surrounded by the Indus River drainage (Kottelat 2006). The type locality has sometimes been erroneously given as the Umgebung River (in the upper Indus River drainage) in western Tibet (Eschmeyer and Fricke 2009). It can be distinguished from congeners in having a combination of: by a weakly or a moderately, laterally compressed caudal peduncle, ellipsoid in the cross-section at the base; curved dorsum; dorsal fin located closer to the base of the caudal fin than to the tip of the snout or (more rarely) at an equal distance from them; granular structure of the brushlike aggregations on the sides of the head and the rays of the pectoral fins in males; folded lips and the stomach having from two to eight loops, with the first ascending loop always lying behind the posterior curvature of the stomach (Prokofiev 2007). There is considerable uncertainty of the taxonomy of this species, with a number of subspecies being recognised (Prokofiev 2006, 2007). The identities of the material from eastern Tibet (presumably including material from the Yarlung Zangpo/upper Brahmaputra) await further taxonomic clarification (Prokofiev 2007)." 168540,Chaudhuria caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Chaudhuria,caudata,,,,,"Annandale, 1918","

Chaudhuria caudata Annandale, 1918 was described from Inlé Lake, southern Shan States, Myanmar. The species possibly consists of multiple species (Kottelat 2001).

" 168543,Neolissochilus nigrovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,nigrovittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 168601,Neonoemacheilus peguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Neonoemacheilus,peguensis,,,,,"(Hora, 1929)","Hora (1929) described Nemachilus peguensis from Pegu Yoma Hills, east of the Irrawaddy River, Myanmar. Kottelat (1990) placed it in the genus Neonoemacheilus. Confirmation of the taxonomic status of the two known populations is required.
" 169136,Neurothemis feralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,feralis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","

The status of this species is extremely doubtful. Although it has been recorded from mainland Asia, from India to Cambodia, as Neurothemis tullia feralis, these records are usually now treated as a form of N. tullia (Drury, 1773); Asahina (1991) concluded that this was merely a dry season form. The ""true"" N. feralis is apparently restricted to Java and the Krakatau islands (Van Tol 1990), with records from Sumatra considered unreliable. However as Asahina (1991) pointed out, the type of feralis is supposed to be from India, in which case feralis is a junior synonym of tullia and the species occurring on Java, if really distinct from tullia, needs another name.

" 169143,Burmagomphus pyramidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,pyramidalis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1922 ", 169148,Urothemis bisignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,bisignata,,,,,"Brauer, 1868","Urothemis bisignata is often treated as a synonym or a subspecies of Urothemis signata; its status as a distinct species is doubtful." 169157,Gomphidia ganeshi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,ganeshi,,,,,"Chhotani, Lahiri & Mitra, 1983","Gomphidia ganeshi is known only from the holotype male, which is stated to differ from G. kirschii, a species known from the Philippines, only in details of colouration and details of wing venation. Whilst it is unlikely that G. ganeshii is a synonym of the Philippine species, its relationship to the similar G. abbotti, a species widespread in Sundaland and somewhat variable in markings, and that could occur on the Andaman Islands, needs to be investigated." 169366,Tlaloc hildebrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Tlaloc,hildebrandi,,,,,"(Miller, 1950)", 169367,Vieja hartwegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Vieja,hartwegi,,,,,"(Taylor & Miller, 1980)",The species was recently redescribed (Gómez-González et al. 2018). 169369,Gambusia vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,vittata,,,,,"Hubbs, 1926", 169372,Allotoca diazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allotoca,diazi,,,,,"(Meek, 1902)","Seth E. Meek collected the types of this species together with Frank E. Lutz in 1901 from the Pátzcuaro lake, other specimens from the Zirahuén lake (now regarded as a separate species, Allotoca meeki). Meek's collection of Zoogoneticus miniatus from the Lago de Chalco, Valle de México, had been identified as diazi with the reason for Meek describing it as a separate species originating in a mistake with the location (Álvarez del Villar and Narrasco 1957). Finally fish collected from the vicinity of Uruapán and regarded as diazi by Hubbs and Turner (1939), have later on been identified as separate species and described as Allotoca catarinae. The Pátzcuaro Allotoca is therefore restricted to the endorheic Lago de Pátzcuaro basin with no recognized subpopulations." 169378,Parachromis friedrichsthalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parachromis,friedrichsthalii,,,,,"(Heckel, 1840)","Parachromis loisellei was recently synonymized with P. friedrichsthalii in Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2019). However, taxonomic uncertainty may result in future changes to the current species concept." 169379,Tlaloc candalarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Tlaloc,candalarius,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1924)", 169381,Chirostoma arge,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,arge,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)", 169383,Priapella intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapella,intermedia,,,,,"Álvarez & Carranza, 1952", 169385,Sicydium multipunctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,multipunctatum,,,,,"Regan, 1906","

The validity of Sicydium multipunctatum has been previously questioned (Chabarria and Pezold 2013, Gonzalez-Murcia and Alvarez 2018). Inclusion of S. multipunctatum as a synonym under S. salvini would likely warrant reassessment.

" 169387,Chirostoma promelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,promelas,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1899", 169388,Gobiosoma yucatanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,yucatanum,,,,,"Dawson, 1971", 169389,Tampichthys catostomops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tampichthys,catostomops,,,,,"(Hubbs & Miller, 1977)", 169391,Chirostoma attenuatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,attenuatum,,,,,"Meek, 1902", 169394,Poeciliopsis turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,turneri,,,,,"Miller, 1975", 169395,Zoogoneticus tequila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Zoogoneticus,tequila,,,,,"Webb & Miller, 1998","The Holotype of this species was taken by Miller and Greenbank in 1955 from the area east of Teuchitlán, Río Teuchitlán, but regarded as Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis. Two female Paratypes go back to this collection as well. Other Paratypes were several aquarium-reared descendants of wild caught fish collected by Lambert et al. in 1990, who named the fish provisorily Zoogoneticus sp. Finally in 1998, Webb and Miller described the species as Zoogoneticus tequila. As known only from the type location, the Río Teuchitlán, no subpopulations are distinguished." 169397,Herichthys steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,steindachneri,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)", 133768576,Goodea atripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Goodea,atripinnis,,,,,"Jordan, 1880","The types David S. Jordan used to describe Goodea atripinnis (1880) go back to a collection of Álfredo Dugès, who obtained the fish from León (federal state Guanajuato), Río Turbio drainage. Bean transfered the species into the genus Characodon (1888) and Steindacher described with Characodon luitpoldii a closely related species (1894). Jordan erronously mentioning tricuspid teeth as criterium for Goodea led to the erection of a new genus with bicuspid teeth, Xenendum, by Jordan and Snyder, transfering luitpoldii herein and describing two more species (1900). Meek recognized the mistake and finally transfered all described species back to Goodea. Fish from the Río Pánuco were described as Goodea gracilis by Hubbs and Turner in 1939, and a few years later, all these species obtained subspecies rank through Fernando de Buen (1947), who also described several additional species. Phylogenetic studies from the early 2000's (e.g. Doadrio and Domínguez, 2004) revealed, that no species can be distinguished by the available methods, though some scientists still accept Goodea gracilis as valid, a few even Goodea luitpoldii. Here we consider Goodea gracilis Hubbs & Turner, 1939 and Goodea luitpoldii (Steindachner, 1894) synonyms of Goodea atripinnis Jordan, 1880 following Miranda et al. (2010)." 169495,Crossocheilus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 169501,Schistura pervagata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,pervagata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 169504,Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Amblypharyngodon,chulabhornae,,,,,"Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 1990", 169505,Pao cambodgiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,cambodgiensis,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1923)", 169512,Schistura personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,personata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 169514,Mastacembelus oatesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,oatesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893", 169520,Schistura dubia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,dubia,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 169529,Pao baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,baileyi,,,,,"(Sontirat, 1989)", 169531,Schistura balteata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,balteata,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1948)", 169536,Schistura spiesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,spiesi,,,,,"Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003", 169539,Schistura cataracta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,cataracta,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 169546,Esomus longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,longimanus,,,,,"(Lunel, 1881)", 169598,Neonoemacheilus labeosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Neonoemacheilus,labeosus,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1982)", 169607,Schistura callichroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,callichroma,,,,,"(Zhu & Wang, 1985)", 169632,Plicofollis dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Plicofollis,dussumieri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 169678,Loxocemus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LOXOCEMIDAE,Loxocemus,bicolor,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 169685,Etheridgeum pulchrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Etheridgeum,pulchrum,,,,,"(Werner, 1924)", 169893,Oligodon meyerinkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,meyerinkii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)", 169975,Palinurus elephas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurus,elephas,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 170154,Diplodus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,argenteus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170156,Archosargus rhomboidalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Archosargus,rhomboidalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170157,Dentex spariformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,spariformis,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910",This species was previously considered a junior synonym of D. tumifrons (D. hypselsomus) but is considered as valid by Iwatsuki et al. (2007). 170158,Dentex angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,angolensis,,,,,"Poll & Maul, 1953", 170159,Pagrus caeruleostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagrus,caeruleostictus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170160,Lithognathus mormyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Lithognathus,mormyrus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170161,Cheimerius matsubarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Cheimerius,matsubarai,,,,,"Akazaki, 1962", 170162,Pagellus bellottii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagellus,bellottii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882", 170163,Sparidentex datnia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Sparidentex,datnia,,,,,"Hamilton, 1822","This species was recently assigned in the genus Sparidentex (Kume and Yoshino 2008, Iwatsuki and Carpenter 2006). There is a need for genus review (Y. Iwatsuki pers comm. 2009)." 170164,Rhabdosargus thorpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Rhabdosargus,thorpei,,,,,"Smith, 1979",This species was previously confused with Rhabdosargus sarba. Rhabdosargus thorpei was described as a separate species by Margaret Smith in 1979 after being recognized by Mr. Anthony Thorpe. The name R. auriventris has also previously been applied to this fish (van der Elst 1988). 170165,Rhabdosargus haffara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Rhabdosargus,haffara,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)",The type locality of this species is in the Red Sea. The Red Sea specimen is significantly genetically different from the Arabian Gulf specimens. Further study is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of this species (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013). 170166,Dentex maroccanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,maroccanus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 170167,Pagrus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagrus,major,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)","Both the specific and generic status of this species is under review and likely to change (K. Carpenter pers. comm. 2009).


The phylogeny of sparids, and the taxonomy of snapper in particular, has attracted considerable attention. In Australasia, snapper had previously been assigned to the genus Chrysophrys, formerly as Chrysophrys unicolor and more latterly as C. auratus (Paulin 1990). Paulin (1990) determined Pagrus to be the senior synonym of Chrysophrys, and re-described C. auratus as Pagrus auratus. In addition, he concluded that the species known as red sea bream in Japan, i.e. Pagrus major, was a conspecific and should also be re-described as P. auratus. Researchers in Japan, however, have not adopted this taxonomy (Jackson 2007).   

" 170168,Stenotomus chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Stenotomus,chrysops,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 170169,Sarpa salpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Sarpa,salpa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170170,Chrysoblephus laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Chrysoblephus,laticeps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170171,Boops lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Boops,lineatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)", 170172,Spondyliosoma emarginatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Spondyliosoma,emarginatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170173,Acanthopagrus vagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,vagus,,,,,"Peters, 1852",Acanthopagrus vagus was previously confused with A. berda (Forsskål 1775) in South Africa (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004). This species was recently separated as a separate species from A. berda (Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2010). 170174,Sparidentex hasta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Sparidentex,hasta,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170175,Diplodus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,capensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1844)","The taxonomic name was changed to Diplodus capensis from Diplodus sargus capensis in 2004 (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004). Two disjunct populations exist, one along the eastern seaboard of South Africa from Cape Point to southern Mozambique (Smith and Heemstra 1991, Mann 1992) and another from Namibia to southern Angola (Richardson 2010). These two populations may represent two separate species (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004, Richardson 2010). This evaluation dealt with D. capensis sensu strictu (distributed from False Bay to southern Mozambique)." 170176,Dentex abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,abei,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Akazaki & Taniguchi, 2007", 170177,Calamus mu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,mu,,,,,"Randall & Caldwell, 1966", 170178,Calamus nodosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,nodosus,,,,,"Randall & Caldwell, 1966", 170179,Acanthopagrus chinshira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,chinshira,,,,,"Kume & Yoshino, 2008","This species was described on the basis of specimens collected from Nakagusuku Bay and Haneji Inlet, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Although the present new species has been often misidentified as Acanthopagrus australis (Günther), morphological and genetic evidence showed that it is clearly different from the latter species (Kume and Yoshino 2008, Hsu 2011)." 170180,Stenotomus caprinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Stenotomus,caprinus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 170181,Acanthopagrus palmaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,palmaris,,,,,"(Whitley, 1935)",This species has been misidentified as Acanthopagrus latus (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2009). 170182,Calamus proridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,proridens,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1884", 170183,Chrysoblephus cristiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Chrysoblephus,cristiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170184,Polysteganus praeorbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polysteganus,praeorbitalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 170185,Porcostoma dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Porcostoma,dentata,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 170186,Dentex gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,gibbosus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 170187,Calamus campechanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,campechanus,,,,,"Randall & Caldwell, 1966", 170189,Acanthopagrus butcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,butcheri,,,,,"(Munro, 1949)","The south east and south west Australian populations of this species may represent separate species, or subspecies, and there is a need for genetic studies (Y. Iwatsuki pers comm. 2009). It is known to hybridise with A. australis in southern New South Wales (Rowland 1984)." 170190,Calamus bajonado,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,bajonado,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 170191,Argyrops bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrops,bleekeri,,,,,"Oshima, 1927", 170192,Dentex canariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,canariensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1881", 170193,Gymnocrotaphus curvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Gymnocrotaphus,curvidens,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 170194,Chrysoblephus anglicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Chrysoblephus,anglicus,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 170195,Chrysoblephus lophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Chrysoblephus,lophus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1925)", 170196,Polyamblyodon gibbosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polyamblyodon,gibbosum,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1914)", 170197,Oblada melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Oblada,melanura,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170198,Rhabdosargus sarba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Rhabdosargus,sarba,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","A number of synonyms have been previously used for Rhabdosargus sarba, including Sparus sarba, Austrosparus sarba, Chrysophrys sarba, etc. (Smith and Smith 1986). In Australia, Whitley (1931) described Roughleyia (=Rhabdosargus) tarwhine to distinguish the eastern Australian species from the east African species. Then Munro (1949) reviewed the genus in Australia and confirmed the name Rhabdosargus sarba for the west and east Indian, and west Pacific Ocean populations. Whitley (1964) persisted with the subspecies status as Rhabdosargus sarba tarwhine for the Australian population, but this was not followed by others. The taxonomy of the Rhabdosargus sarba complex is currently under review by Yukio Iwatsuki, (Miyazaki University, Japan). 

Rhabdosargus sarba might be confused with R. haffara. Taxonomic review is urgently needed (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013)." 170199,Acanthopagrus sivicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,sivicolus,,,,,"Akazaki, 1962","This may be a subpopulation of Acanthopagrus schlegelli (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2009). Mitochondrial DNA analyses based on cytochrome b gene sequences did not distinguish individuals of A. schlegelii and A. sivicolus, reflecting either historical introgression or recent speciation and incomplete sorting of their mitochondrial lineages (Hsu et al. 2011). Pending further taxonomic work, A. sivicolus is here regarded as a distinct species." 170200,Lithognathus aureti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Lithognathus,aureti,,,,,"Smith, 1962", 170201,Pachymetopon aeneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pachymetopon,aeneum,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 170203,Rhabdosargus holubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Rhabdosargus,holubi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)", 170204,Cymatoceps nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Cymatoceps,nasutus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 170205,Calamus pennatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,pennatula,,,,,"Guichenot, 1868", 170206,Polysteganus undulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polysteganus,undulosus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 170207,Calamus penna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,penna,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170208,Pachymetopon grande,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pachymetopon,grande,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 170209,Diplodus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170210,Pachymetopon blochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pachymetopon,blochii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170211,Diplodus prayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,prayensis,,,,,"Cadenat, 1964", 170212,Evynnis tumifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Evynnis,tumifrons,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)","Iwatsuki et al. 2007 examined the lectotype of Chrysophrys tumifrons, concluding that the specimen was actually the species recognized as Evynnis japonica (Tanaka 1931), and therefore a senior synonym of that species. Evynnis tumifrons (Temminck and Schlegel 1843) has not been recorded from Australia. Dentex spariformis Ogilby, 1910 (described from Moreton Island) and previously considered a synonym of Dentex tumifrons, was therefore resurrected. All Australian records of Dentex tumifrons most probably refer to Dentex spariformis.

" 170213,Pterogymnus laniarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pterogymnus,laniarius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170214,Diplodus noct,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,noct,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170215,Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polysteganus,coeruleopunctatus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1870)", 170216,Crenidens crenidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Crenidens,crenidens,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","According to Iwatsuki and Maclaine (2013), Crenidens crenidens and C. indicus are two distinct species. Crenidens crenidens occurs from the Red Sea, East Africa along the east coast of Africa to Aliwal Shoal in South Africa. Juvenile C. crenidens have been found in Algoa Bay, South Africa (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004). Crenidens indicus occurs from the southern Arabian Peninsula (occasionally in the Red Sea) to the coasts of Iran and Pakistan, including the Gulf. Bauchot and Smith (1984) reported C. indicus from India; however, C. indicus either doesn't occur around India or it is extremely rare in the area (Iwatsuki and Maclaine 2013). 

Previously, two different sub-species were recognized. Crenidens crenidens indicus from the coasts of India and the Arabian Sea and C. crenidens crenidens along the east coast of Africa. In the Red Sea the two subspecies were found to coexist, with a predominance of C. crenidens crenidens (Fischer and Bianchi 1984)." 170217,Acanthopagrus longispinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,longispinnis,,,,,(Valenciennes 1830),"There are numerous taxonomic studies that have been conducted for Acanthopagrus, with several species complexes identified, including, Black Seabream forms I-II and Yellowfin Seabream forms I-II (Iwatsuki 2013). 

Acanthopagrus longispinnis was previously recognized as a synonym of A. berda. It is currently valid as A. longispinnis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830) (Kume and Yoshino 2008). This species was split from A. latus, which is now recognised as five cryptic species. The five species can be distinguished from one another by the counts of dorsal-fin rays, pore lateral-line scales, scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line, and other distinguishing morphological characteristics and body and fin coloration (Iwatsuki 2013)." 170218,Boopsoidea inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Boopsoidea,inornata,,,,,"Castelnau, 1861", 170219,Argyrops megalommatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrops,megalommatus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1870)", 170220,Pagrus auriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagrus,auriga,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1843", 170221,Cheimerius nufar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Cheimerius,nufar,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170222,Diplodus bellottii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,bellottii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)", 170223,Archosargus probatocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Archosargus,probatocephalus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","Archosargus probatocephalus is subdivided into three subspecies by some authors: A. probatocephalus probatocephalus for the northern form from Nova Scotia to Cedar Key on the west coast of Florida; A. probatocephalus oviceps Ginsburg (which is associated with muddy bottoms) in the Gulf of Mexico from St. Harks, Florida to the Campeche Bank; and A. probatocephalus aries from Belize to Bahia de Sepetiba, Brazil (Carpenter 2002).

The Chesapeake Bay Sheepshead population is suggested to constitute a separate population, as large differences in vital rates are often indicative of this. The differences observed in growth could arise due to a variety of factors, including differences in mortality rates, environmental conditions, food sources, or genetic variation (Ballenger et al. 2007).

Frequency distributions of each of five meristic counts are significantly different between the subspecies found in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: A. probatocephalus probatocephalus and A. probatocephalus oviceps (P < 0.05). However, Bayesian structure analysis of microsatellite genotypes indicated that all Gulf of Mexico Sheepshead populations constitute a single stock.Variance partitioning of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes suggests significant but limited divergence between subspecies (genetic differentiation index FST = 0.036, P < 0.005). Molecular data from North American subspecies of  Sheepshead indicate very limited genetic subdivision between the subspecies despite considerable divergence of morphological characters. Genetic structure is defined primarily by the geographic distance between sampling locales from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic. Overall, Sheepshead molecular genetic data indicate very limited genetic subdivision between the subspecies despite considerable divergence of morphological characters (Anderson et al. 2008)." 170224,Pagellus erythrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagellus,erythrinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170225,Rhabdosargus globiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Rhabdosargus,globiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170226,Sparodon durbanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Sparodon,durbanensis,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 170227,Dentex fourmanoiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,fourmanoiri,,,,,"Akazaki & Séret, 1999", 170228,Acanthopagrus omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,omanensis,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Heemstra, in press", Acanthopagrus omanensis is a new species illustrated and described from two specimens (Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2010). 170229,Pagellus acarne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagellus,acarne,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)", 170230,Acanthopagrus akazakii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,akazakii,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Kimura & Yoshino, 2006", 170231,Argyrozona argyrozona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrozona,argyrozona,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170232,Dentex macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 170233,Calamus leucosteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,leucosteus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1885", 170234,Pagellus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagellus,affinis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888", 170235,Acanthopagrus taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,taiwanensis,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2006",Acanthopagrus taiwanensis is recently described on the basis of six specimens that were previously misidentified as A. berda (Forsskål 1775) (Iwatsuki and Carpenter 2006). 170236,Sparidentex belayewi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Sparidentex,belayewi,,,,,"Hora & Misra, 1943","This species was recently assigned in the genus Sparidentex (Kume and Yoshino 2008, Iwatsuki and Carpenter 2006), but the genus Sparidentex from the Indo-West Pacific requires further review (Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2010). 




" 170238,Argyrops spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrops,spinifer,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Argyrops spinifer may represent three unique species in the Arabian Gulf (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013). Iwatsuki and Heemstra (2018) recently described A. flavops from Mutrah, Oman and Karachi, Pakistan and A. caeruleops from the Gulf of Oman, southern Oman, Socotra and Pakistan. Further study of additional specimens is required to determine the extent of their distributions in the western Indian Ocean/Arabian Seas region." 170239,Acanthopagrus bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Two colour morphs of this species have been observed, and further taxonomic study is needed (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2009). A northern and southern population were originally both described as Acanthopagrus bifasciatus in the Indian Ocean. Iwatsuki and Heemstra (2011) determined that both populations were two valid species, the northern population (Red Sea to the Arabian Gulf) is described as A. bifasciatus, while the southern population (southern Oman to South Africa) is described as A. catenula (Lacepède 1801)." 170240,Dentex hypselosomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,hypselosomus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1854","This species was previously misidentified as Dentex tumifrons. However, tumifrons is a senior synonym of Evynnis japonica, and the next available name for this species is hypselosomus (Iwatsuki et al. 2007)." 170241,Pagrus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagrus,africanus,,,,,"Akazaki, 1962", 170242,Pagellus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagellus,natalensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1903",This species was previously recognized as a subspecies of Pagellus bellottii. It is currently valid as Pagellus natalensis (Eschmeyer and Fricke 2009). 170243,Calamus arctifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,arctifrons,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1882", 170244,Pagellus bogaraveo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagellus,bogaraveo,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1768)", 170245,Dentex dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,dentex,,,,,(Linnaeus 1758),Genetic analysis of the geographical partitioning revealed that this species showed an Atlantic-Mediterranean partitioning (Patarnello et al. 2007) indicating that exchanges between subpopulations are reduced and may limit rescue effects from migration and dispersal from other subpopulations to compensate for impacts of direct exploitation. 170246,Virididentex acromegalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Virididentex,acromegalus,,,,,"(Osório, 1911)",This species is nested within Dentex in genetic studies (K. Carpenter pers. comm. 2011). 170247,Petrus rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Petrus,rupestris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170248,Polyamblyodon germanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polyamblyodon,germanum,,,,,"(Barnard, 1934)",This species is frequently confused with Pachymetopon grande (Smith and Heemstra 1986). 170249,Calamus calamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,calamus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170250,Lagodon rhomboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Lagodon,rhomboides,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 170251,Boops boops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Boops,boops,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170252,Argyrops filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrops,filamentosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170253,Sparus aurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Sparus,aurata,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 170254,Diplodus bermudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,bermudensis,,,,,"Caldwell, 1965", 170255,Lithognathus olivieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Lithognathus,olivieri,,,,,"Penrith & Penrith, 1969", 170256,Chrysoblephus gibbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Chrysoblephus,gibbiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 170257,Acanthopagrus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,australis,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 170258,Spondyliosoma cantharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Spondyliosoma,cantharus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170259,Chrysoblephus puniceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Chrysoblephus,puniceus,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 170260,Diplodus annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,annularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170261,Diplodus vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,vulgaris,,,,,"(Saint-Hilaire, 1817)", 170262,Diplodus puntazzo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,puntazzo,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 170263,Acanthopagrus latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,latus,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)","There are numerous taxonomic studies that have been conducted for Acanthopagrus, with several species complexes identified, including, Black Seabream forms I-II and Yellowfin Seabream forms I-II (Iwatsuki 2013). 

The Acanthopagrus latus complex has recently been split to include five cryptic species: A. latus (distributed in east Asia), Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830) (northern Gulf of Bengal Bay), and three new species, Acanthopagrus morrisoni, Acanthopagrus arabicus, and Acanthopagrus sheim. The five species can be distinguished from one another by the counts of dorsal-fin rays, pore lateral-line scales, scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line, and other distinguishing morphological characteristics and body and fin coloration (Iwatsuki 2013).
" 170264,Diplodus holbrookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,holbrookii,,,,,"(Bean, 1878)", 170265,Polysteganus baissaci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polysteganus,baissaci,,,,,"Smith, 1978", 17026,Phocarctos hookeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Phocarctos,hookeri,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)",

The taxonomy of sea lions in New Zealand (Phocarctos) and Australia (Neophoca) was confused until it was resolved in a paper by King (1960).

170272,Diplodus hottentotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,hottentotus,,,,,"Smith, 1844","Diplodus cervinus was previously recognized as comprising three subspecies: Diplodus cervinus cervinus (NE Atlantic and Mediterranean), D. c. hottentotus (SE Atlantic: Angola, South Africa), and D. c. omanensis (Indian Ocean: Oman). Currently, three species are recognized: D. cervinus, D. hottentotus (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004) and D. omanensis (Bauchot and Bianchi 1984, Amir et al. 2013). Diplodus hottentotus is now believed to be an endemic species occurring from Cape Point to Kosi Bay in South Africa (Smith and Heemstra 1986, Heemstra and Heemstra 2004). Diplodus hottentotus sensu strictu. However, the Diplodus cervinus complex is in need of taxonomic review (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2014).

The species D. hottentotus is the same species in southern Angola as it is along the eastern seaboard of southern Africa. However, as with D. capensis, these populations have been separated for ~ two million years by the Benguela Current so can be treated as separate populations for management purposes (Bauchot and Bianchi 1984, Winkler 2013)." 170273,Diplodus omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,omanensis,,,,,"Bauchot & Bianchi, 1984","Diplodus cervinus was previously recognized as comprising three subspecies: Diplodus cervinus cervinus (NE Atlantic and Mediterranean), D. c. hottentotus (SE Atlantic: Angola, South Africa), and D. c. omanensis (Indian Ocean: Oman). Currently, three species are recognized: D. cervinus, D. hottentotus (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004) and D. omanensis (Bauchot and Bianchi 1984, Amir et al. 2013). However, the Diplodus cervinus complex is in need of taxonomic review (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2014)." 170280,Spicara maena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,maena,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014).

Most often, Spicara flexuosa has been confused with S. maena in identifications, and they are typically lumped in fisheries statistics and in markets. Spicara flexuosa is currently considered a synonym of S. maena (Pollard and Pichot 1972, Heemstra 1990, Bilecenoglu et al. 2002, Minos et al. 2012), although genetic studies using the mtDNA 16S rRNA gene are inconclusive. Recent genetic work by Imsiridou et al. (2011) indicates that there is a clear discrimination between the two species, and Minos et al. (2012) distinguished the two based on morphological differences.

However, Turan (2011) found genetic divergence to be only 0.005 and previous work by Arculeo et al. (1996) using protein electrophoresis found no discriminating genetic markers. Pending further taxonomic studies, we here continue to regard S. flexuosa as a synonym of S. maena (Pichot and Pollard 1970, Pollard and Pichot 1971, Pollard and Pichot 1972)." 170281,Spicara nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,nigricauda,,,,,"(Norman, 1931)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 170282,Spicara australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,australis,,,,,"(Regan, 1921)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 170283,Spicara smaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,smaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 170284,Centracanthus cirrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Centracanthus,cirrus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 170285,Spicara alta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,alta,,,,,"(Osório, 1917)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 170286,Spicara melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,melanurus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 170287,Spicara martinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,martinicus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 170365,Acanthocercus cyanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,cyanogaster,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)","Peters (1982) raised a number of subspecies of Acanthodactylus cyanogaster to full species status. The relationship between this form and A. atricollis remains unclear, and will require molecular research to resolve (Largen and Spawls 2006). Prior to Spawls et al. (2002), A. atricollis was typically considered a junior synonym of A. cyanogaster following Parker (1942). Largen and Spawls (2006) opin that two distinct phenotypes exist that justify the recognition of both species, and this concept is followed here. As defined by these authors, A. cyanogaster is confined to Ethiopia and Eritrea, and confusion between this form and A. atricollis may have been exacerbated by erroneous assignment of material from more southern territories to A. cyanogaster (Largen and Spawls 2006)." 170381,Monilesaurus ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Monilesaurus,ellioti,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Inger et al. (1984) questioned the specific distinction of this species and placed it within the synonymy of its closely related congener, Calotes rouxii Dumeril & Bibron 1837. But no subsequent authors have followed their arrangement, and instead recognized C. elliotti as a distinct species." 170420,Psammophilus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Psammophilus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 170504,Cyclemys atripons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cyclemys,atripons,,,,,"Iverson & McCord, 1997",Included with Cyclemys dentata until very recently. Its status compared to C. pulchristriata needs validation. 170505,Cyclemys enigmatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cyclemys,enigmatica,,,,,"Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hunsdörfer, 2008",Included with Cyclemys dentata until very recently; C. enigmatica is a recently-described species of the black-bellied Cyclemys group. 170506,Cyclemys fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cyclemys,fusca,,,,,"Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hunsdörfer, 2008",Included with Cyclemys dentata until very recently. 170507,Cyclemys gemeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cyclemys,gemeli,,,,,"Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink & Hunsdörfer, 2008",Included with Cyclemys dentata until very recently. 170508,Cyclemys pulchristriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cyclemys,pulchristriata,,,,,"Fritz, Gaulke & Lehr, 1997",Included with Cyclemys dentata until very recently. Its status compared to C. atripons needs validation. 170509,Malayemys macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Malayemys,macrocephala,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 170525,Chitra vandijki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Chitra,vandijki,,,,,"McCord & Pritchard, 2003", 170526,Pelochelys signifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Pelochelys,signifera,,,,,"Webb, 2003","In the past, specimens of softshell turtles collected from New Guinea were all originally assigned to what was considered to be a widespread Australasian species, Pelochelys bibroni (Owen 1853), until Rhodin et al. (1993) and Webb (1995) defined P. bibroni as being restricted to southern New Guinea, and separate from the previously described P. cantorii (Gray 1864) in the rest of Asia and northern New Guinea. Subsequently, Webb (2003) described the northern New Guinea softshell as the new species Pelochelys signifera. This taxonomy has been accepted since then (TTWG 2017). Pelochelys signifera was described largely based on characteristics of a juvenile specimen and coloration and texturing of the carapace to distinguish it from P. cantorii. No geographic variation has been reported within the species' range and no subspecies have been named. Phylogenetic relationships with P. cantorii and P. bibroni warrant further investigation." 170827,Tandonia melanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,melanica,,,,,"Wiktor, 1986", 170828,Bulgarica iniucunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,iniucunda,,,,,"(R.A. Brandt, 1962)", 170829,Micridyla pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Micridyla,pinteri,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1973)", 170831,Delima blanda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,blanda,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Delima) blanda blanda (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Delima) blanda conspurcata (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Delima) blanda fulcrata (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Delima) blanda schmidti H. Nordsieck, 1993
Delima (Delima) blanda tichobates (L. Pfeiffer, 1868)

There is a large range of synonyms to the species." 170832,Delima piceata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,piceata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170834,Albinaria confusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,confusa,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 170835,Oxychilus miguelinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,miguelinus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)", 170836,Gyralina ermonae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,ermonae,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1977", 170837,Cryptella alegranzae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Cryptella,alegranzae,,,,,"Hutterer & Groh, 1991", 170838,Inchoatia inchoata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Inchoatia,inchoata,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1889)", 170839,Limax polipunctatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,polipunctatus,,,,,"Pollonera, 1888", 170840,Zonites graecus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,graecus,,,,,"Kobelt, 1876",Confirmation of the taxonomic status of this species with respect to other Zonites is required. 170841,Charpentieria spezialensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,spezialensis,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1984)","Charpentieria spezialensis belongs to the group 1a nobilis-calcarae as listed by Nordsieck (2002:34). As Nordsieck stated, the species has been probably already collected in the same locality and Erhmann recognised it as a new species and named it Delima (Priodelima) specialensis but never described it." 170842,Ferussacia valida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,valida,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","The species on the Canary Islands were placed into the genus ""Ferussacia"" based on shell characters, however the generic placement was tentative, pending fuller research into the generic status. There are big differences between the introduced species Ferussacia folliculusand the recent extant species represented there, and in addition, fossil records of representatives of the genus Amphorella were found in Gran Canaria (Hutterer and Groh 2014). 

The current thinking is that these species are likely to come from an endemic Canarian genus related to the Madeiran Ferussaciids and this is under investigation.

Furthermore there are sometimes strongly ribbed specimens of ""Ferussacia"" valida on Fuerteventura which makes it probable that this species is placed within the genus ""Sculptiferussacia"", which is probably closed associated to the other Canarian species.

The Canarian ""Ferussacia""species are self-fertilising breeders, so in fact all of them are clones and the species limits are hard to define, given that they are quite variable in the shell shape. Additionally the shell has only a few distinguishable characters. Revisions in the species status await further research, preferably by genetic methodology." 170845,Macedonica martae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,martae,,,,,"Sajó, 1968", 170846,Montenegrina apfelbecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,apfelbecki,,,,,"(Sturany, 1907)", 170850,Charpentieria calcarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,calcarae,,,,,"(Philippi, 1844)","As listed in Bank (2013) and Nordiseck (2013) Charpentieria calcarae has three distinct subspecies: C. calcarae calcarae, C. calcarae belliemii (Brandt, 1961) and C. calcarae orlandoi (Liberto et al. 2016). These taxa have been described only upon shell taxonomical characters, thus their real status and validity should be further investigated with an advanced anatomical/molecular approach." 170851,Bulgarica fritillaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,fritillaria,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1835)","According Welter-Schultes (2012) the name Bulgarica fritillaria (Frivaldsky, 1835) covered many closely-related forms, currently recognised as separate species; Bulgarica fraudigera, B. hiltrudae, B. varnensis, B. urbanskii, B. pseudofraudigera. From all those taxon names, “fritillaria” is the oldest, but also the one with the most variable characters that are often close to, or even overlap the other forms of the group. Also the species “fritillaria” has the most unclear and dispersed distribution. For example Wohlberedt (1911), Hesse (1916), and Urbanski (1977) published this species for Varna district on the Black Sea coast, but according to recent data only B. varnensis could be found in that region.

Urbanski (1960, 1964), and Nordsieck (1973) attributed this species to the western Rhodopes Mts., Bachkovsky Monastery, Chepelarska River valley (= Chaja), but in the valley of Chepelarska River it occurs only as different variations of Bulgarica fraudigera. The situation is similar with the reports for Trakija lowland, Plovdiv, Maritsa River valley (Hesse 1916, Körnig 1983). Also according Nordsieck (1973) the species occurs in the Stara Planina Mts., Sliven, but most probably it is just forms of B. urbanskii. Probably, typical “fritillaria” occurs in the foothills of Stara Planina Mountains, and some regions of Sredna Gora Mountains – areas of Stara Zagora, Kazankuk, Karlovo (Georgiev and Georgiev 2002, unpublished information). Welter-Schultes (2012) found minor differences between all taxa in the “varnensis-fritillaria” complex, and suggested more detailed studies on this group of species." 170852,Arion atripunctatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,atripunctatus,,,,,"Dumont & Mortillet, 1853",This species was distinguished from Arion fuscus by Falkner et al. (2002). This species is taxonomically doubtful. 170854,Macrogastra mellae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,mellae,,,,,"(Stabile, 1864)", 170855,Carpathica cretica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,cretica,,,,,"(Forcart, 1950)", 170856,Atlantica textilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,textilis,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 170857,Limax canapicianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,canapicianus,,,,,"Pollonera, 1885",Limax canapicianus has been described by Pollonera (1885). Nevertheless this species has not been recently revised and its identity is doubtful. It is present in both Manganelli et al. (1995) and Bank  (2013) checklists. 170858,Carpathica boettgeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,boettgeri,,,,,"(Clessin, 1883)","Balashov (2016) lists this species under the genus Bilania Schileyko, 1986, while Bank (2013) accepts Bilania only as a subgenus of Carpathica." 170859,Virpazaria backhuysi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,backhuysi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1969", 170861,Macedonica schatzmayri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,schatzmayri,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 170863,Zonites labiosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,labiosus,,,,,"Westerlund, 1893","There is some ongoing debate as to whether to regard this species as valid, or as part of a species complex (Kornilios et al. 2009)." 170864,Dilataria marcki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Dilataria,marcki,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1868)","Nordsieck (2006) lumped bosnica and the at that time undescribed montenegrina under marcki, widening its range. But in 2007, Nordsieck separated the taxa leaving D. marcki restricted S-Velebit and Plješevica." 170865,Macrogastra densestriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,densestriata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170866,Carpathica denticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,denticulata,,,,,"Grossu, 1969","According to Welter-Schultes (2012) this taxon is a synonym of Carpathica calophana (Westerlund, 1881) because of the following reasons: (1) only very few specimens have been found, (2) obviously there is some variation in the expression of the membrane at the lower side of the shell, and it is possible that the denticles (characteristic for C. denticulata) are not a unique specific character, (3) the anatomy of C. calophana seems to be quite variable, and C. denticulata seems to fit in this complex, (4) it is also necessary to know more about the life cycle of these animals to determine which of the specimens studied by Grossu (1983) were fully adult.
Bank (2017) followed Riedel's monograph and maintained as a valid species." 170867,Albinaria menelaus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,menelaus,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1873)", 170868,Lehmannia brunneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,brunneri,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1931)", 170870,Albinaria vrondamasa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,vrondamasa,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger, 1987)",According to Nordsieck (2016: Checklist of recent Clausiliidae) vrondamassa is assigned to the genus Isabellaria and is a subspecies of Isabellaria butoti. 170871,Amphorella hypselia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,hypselia,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1909)", 170874,Retinella pseudoaegopinella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,pseudoaegopinella,,,,,"Giusti, Boato & Bodon, 1986", 170875,Spelaeodiscus hauffeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEODISCIDAE,Spelaeodiscus,hauffeni,,,,,"(F. Schmidt, 1855)", 170876,Retinella osoriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,osoriensis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 170877,Aegopis compressus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,compressus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170878,Balcanodiscus beroni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,beroni,,,,,"Riedel, 1995", 170879,Punctum azoricum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUNCTIDAE,Punctum,azoricum,,,,,"de Winter, 1988", 170880,Limax aeolianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,aeolianus,,,,,"Giusti, 1973", 170881,Delima subcylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,subcylindrica,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170882,Albinaria nivea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,nivea,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1854)", 170884,Carpathica elisabethae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,elisabethae,,,,,"Varga, 1977", 170885,Tandonia robici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,robici,,,,,"(Simroth, 1884)",A detailed revision of the genus Tandonia is needed. 170886,Arion ater,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,ater,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species is a member of a group of large Arion species which have often been confused with one another, and sometimes require dissection for successful identification. Misindentification is common between:

A. ater (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. rufus (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (=lusitanicus auctt. non Mabille);
A. lusitanicus Mabille, 1868; and,
A. flagellus Collinge, 1893." 170888,Lehmannia requienii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,requienii,,,,,"Pollonera, 1896", 170889,Oxychilus juvenostriatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,juvenostriatus,,,,,"Riedel, 1964", 170891,Oxychilus fuscosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,fuscosus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)","Oxychilus fuscosus is currently assigned to the subgenus Oxychilus, but more taxonomical research is needed to assess its systematic position within the family Oxychilidae." 170893,Isabellaria abyssoclista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,abyssoclista,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)", 170894,Boettgeria depauperata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Boettgeria,depauperata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1863)", 170896,Gyralina circumlineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,circumlineata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 170898,Mediterranea planospiroides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,planospiroides,,,,,"(Riedel, 1969)", 170902,Gyralina rempei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,rempei,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1975", 170904,Balcanodiscus frivaldskyanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,frivaldskyanus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)", 170905,Alopia livida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,livida,,,,,"(Menke, 1828)","According to Fehér et al. (2013) Alopia livida has the following subspecies: A. livida bipalatalis (M. Kimakowicz, 1883), A. livida deaniana Cooke, 1922, A. livida julii A.J. Wagner, 1914, and A. livida livida (Menke, 1828)." 170906,Alopia subcosticollis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,subcosticollis,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)", 170907,Vitrea subrimata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,subrimata,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1871)", 170909,Oxychilus altimirai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,altimirai,,,,,"Riedel, 1972","Altonaga (1988, 1991) considers that Oxychilus altimirai Riedel, 1972 is a junior synonym of Oxychilus helveticus Blum, 1881 (now O. navarricus navarricus Bourguignat,1870 sensu Falkner et al. 2002). According to this author, both conchologically as well as anatomically, it cannot be differentiated from O. navarricus and therefore he considers it not a valid species. The samples collected in France by Maasen (1987) and anatomically confirmed by Riedel, were also analysed by Altonaga, who considered that the samples belonged to O. navarricus. Finally Falkner et al. (2002), after reexamination of the samples collected by Massen, considered O. altimirai to be a valid species. A molecular study could help to clarify the validity of this species." 170910,Tandonia jablanacensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,jablanacensis,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1930)", 170911,Vitrea trolli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,trolli,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1922)","Vitrea trolli has been described upon shell features only (Wagner, 1922). Its shell slightly resembles that of V. subrimata with differences found in growth of whorls and mouth shape. Its validity, as with many other Vitrea species, must be verified yet with further taxonomic studies involving anatomical and molecular investigations." 170912,Spelaeodiscus obodensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEODISCIDAE,Spelaeodiscus,obodensis,,,,,"Bole, 1965", 170915,Carinigera dextrorsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,dextrorsa,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1877)", 170917,Balcanodiscus carinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,carinatus,,,,,"P.L. Reischütz, 1983", 170920,Lehmannia macroflagellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,macroflagellata,,,,,"Grossu & Lupu, 1962", 170921,Limax lachensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,lachensis,,,,,"Bérenguier, 1900", 170922,Allaegopis jonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,jonicus,,,,,"(Käufel, 1930)",A. narentena is considered a synonym of A. exarata subsp. neumensis (Fehér 2003). 170923,Vestia turgida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Vestia,turgida,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170926,Delima pfeifferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,pfeifferi,,,,,"(Küster, 1850)", 170927,Discus rotundatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Discus,rotundatus,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 170928,Zonites oertzeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,oertzeni,,,,,"E. von Martens, 1889", 170929,Pseudofusulus varians,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Pseudofusulus,varians,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 170931,Limax subalpinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,subalpinus,,,,,"Lessona, 1880", 170933,Alopia nixa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,nixa,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1894)","According to Fehér et al. (2013) Alopia nixa fussi (M. Kimakowicz, 1894) is a subspecies of Alopia nixa." 170934,Vitrea subaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,subaii,,,,,"L. Pintér & A. Riedel, 1973",This species might be only a local form of Vitrea illyrica. 170935,Carinigera praecipua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,praecipua,,,,,"(Sajó, 1968)", 170936,Hypnophila cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,cylindrica,,,,,"(Calcara, 1840)","No anatomical data appears in literature, thus its actual genus assignation is based exclusively upon shell features." 170938,Ruthenica filograna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Ruthenica,filograna,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170940,Vitrea crystallina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,crystallina,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 170941,Herilla pavlovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Herilla,pavlovici,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","Bank (2013) lists three subspecies: Herilla pavlovici pavlovici (A.J. Wagner, 1914), Herilla pavlovici hiltrudae H. Nordsieck, 1971, and Herilla pavlovici trescavicensis (A.J. Wagner, 1914)." 170944,Cochlodina cerata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,cerata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170945,Vitrea diaphana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,diaphana,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)", 170946,Hypnophila dohrni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,dohrni,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1882)", 170947,Spelaeodiscus albanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEODISCIDAE,Spelaeodiscus,albanicus,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","Páll-Gergely et al. (2018) described a new subspecies: Spelaeodiscus albanicus ssp. edentatus Páll-Gergely & P.L. Reischütz, ssp. n., from southern Montenegro and northern Albania." 170948,Arion hortensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,hortensis,,,,,"A. Férussac, 1819", 170949,Alopia plumbea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,plumbea,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","According to Fehér et al. (2013) Alopia plumbea bellicosa (M. Kimakowicz, 1894) is a subspecies of Alopia plumbea." 170950,Limax dacampi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,dacampi,,,,,"Menegazzi, 1854","This species is vulnerable to confusion with other Limax species. It has probably been confused with L. cinereoniger (Wolf, 1803), L. punctulatus (Sordelli, 1871) and other large Limax species (Wiktor 1983, 1996)." 170951,Aegopis gemonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,gemonensis,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)", 170952,Arion wiktori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,wiktori,,,,,"Parejo & Martín, 1990", 170956,Albinaria schuchii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,schuchii,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170957,Isabellaria isabellina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,isabellina,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1842)","Bank (2013) lists three subspecies: Isabellaria isabellina isabellina (L. Pfeiffer, 1842), Isabellaria isabellina osculans (E. von Martens, 1876), and Isabellaria isabellina thebana (E. von Martens, 1876)." 170959,Oxychilus miceui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,miceui,,,,,"Frias Martins, 1989", 170961,Retinella circumsessa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,circumsessa,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 170962,Arion owenii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,owenii,,,,,"Davies, 1979", 170965,Albinaria zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,zilchi,,,,,"Fauer, 1993", 170968,Charpentieria stenzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,stenzii,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","There are several described subspecies: Charpentieria stenzii stenzii (Rossmässler, 1836), Charpentieria stenzii butoti Bank, 1987, Charpentieria stenzii cincta (Brumati, 1838), Charpentieria stenzii costulatostriata (Westerlund, 1878), Charpentieria stenzii faueri Bank, 1987, Charpentieria stenzii letochana (Gredler, 1874), Charpentieria stenzii nordsiecki Fauer, 1991, Charpentieria stenzii paroliniana (De Betta and Martinati, 1855), Charpentieria stenzii westerlundi Nordsieck, 1993 (Bank 2013)." 170969,Mediterranea planorbis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,planorbis,,,,,"(Moellendorff, 1899)", 170970,Oxychilus volutella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,volutella,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)",This species group is in state of revision and the distribution information that has been published is conflicting. There will be new species descriptions from some islands. This conservation review is based on unpublished information from A. Frias Martins (pers. comm. 2016) and is based on anatomical data supporting identifications for the distribution data. 170971,Carpathica langi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,langi,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)","This species is sometimes (e.g. Welter-Schultes 2012) classified in Daudebardia, because the separation of Daudebardia and Carpathica (which was exclusively based on the terminal/subterminal insertion of the vas deferens) was arbitrary (Grossu 1983). Welter-Schultes (2012) moved several taxa (D. dacica, D. parvula, D. soosi, D. spelaea, D. transsylvanica to the synonymy of C. langi, because these forms represent parts of a continuous morphological gradient." 170972,Medora armata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,armata,,,,,"(Küster, 1844)", 170973,Albinaria voithii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,voithii,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 170974,Montenegrina fuchsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,fuchsi,,,,,"R.A. Brandt, 1961","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina fuchsi pallida Fauer, 1993  
Montenegrina fuchsi muranyii Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina fuchsi klemmi Brandt, 1962" 170975,Tandonia piriniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,piriniana,,,,,"Wiktor, 1983", 170976,Aegopis verticillus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,verticillus,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)", 170977,Coilostele acus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Coilostele,acus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1854)","Coilostele acus (L. Pfeiffer, 1854) was described from Seville and has never been found again. The shell is only known by an image published by Kuster and Pfeiffer (1845-1855; Taf. Fig. 69: 12-14). The type material is not available for study. Later, Bourguignat (1880) described seven new species of Coilostele from Seville, from river debris.

Boettger (1905) and later Audibert (2010), also consider the species described by Bourguignat to belong to the same taxon as C. acus, although they state that some of the species have some features that distinguish them from the rest. Neubert in Audibert (2010) also indicates that they correspond to the same taxon, C. acus. The syntypes of the seven species of Coilostele described by Bourguignat are deposited at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle in Geneva (Switzerland).

Subulona anarum (Altimiras and Bech 2000), described from a population found in Badajoz (Spain), most probably can be considered a junior synonym of C. acus. The specimens of this population are currently reviewed by Martínez-Ortí, Prieto and Uribe (in press). The type material of S. anorum is deposited in the Museu de Ciències Naturals of Barcelona." 170978,Carinigera tantilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,tantilla,,,,,"(R.A. Brandt, 1972)","The date of description of this species is sometimes cited as 1972, however Brandt published the species description in 1962 (Brandt 1962)." 170980,Delima montenegrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,montenegrina,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1848)","According to Bank (2013) accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Delima) montenegrina montenegrina (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)
Delima (Delima) montenegrina muralis (Kuster, 1860)
Delima (Delima) montenegrina nodulosa (Moellendorff, 1899)
Delima (Delima) montenegrina semilabiata (Walderdorff, 1864)
Delima (Delima) montenegrina spuzensis H. Nordsieck, 1969
Delima (Delima) montenegrina tarensis H. Nordsieck, 2015

There is a large range of synonyms to the species." 170981,Virpazaria adrianae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,adrianae,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1969", 170982,Cochlodina comensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,comensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)", 170983,Lehmannia medioflagellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,medioflagellata,,,,,"Lupu, 1968", 170984,Muticaria neuteboomi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Muticaria,neuteboomi,,,,,"Beckmann, 1990","Muticaria neuteboomi was described by Beckmann (1990) from a single locality: Cava d'Ispica (Ragusa, Sicily). Giusti et al. (1995) at first considered M. neuteboomi as a local morph of the widespread M. syracusana. A few years later, M. neuteboomi was recognized as a valid species and since then this statement has not been denied (Nordsieck 1997). In 2010 Colomba et al. by means of molecular taxonomy proved the validity of the taxon and its independence from the widespread M. syracusana. In the same paper, they also assumed that M. neuteboomi has a wider distribution than previously thought. They stated that M. syracusana is distributed along the coast at lower altitudes while M. neuteboomi is commonly found inland within a broader area than the previous one and at higher altitudes, although they did not provide any map or locality list." 170985,Delima albocincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,albocincta,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:

Delima (Delima) albocincta albocincta (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
Delima (Delima) albocincta rufa (Kuster, 1876)
Delima (Delima) albocincta sororia (A. Schmidt, 1868)" 170986,Bulgarica varnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,varnensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","The distribution and taxonomic position of this species are not clear. In some parts of its area, the species probably co-occurs with other close-related species of the genus (Turnovo, Lovech, Dryanovo). According to Welter-Schultes (2012) Bulgarica varnensis as well as some other Bulgarian representatives of the genus Bulgarica (B. fraudigera, B. hiltrudae, B. pseudofraudigera and B. urbanskii) are synonyms of Bulgaria fritillaria. Because of some minor differences in their populations those taxa are accepted as separated species (subspecies?), but the complex needs taxonomic revision." 170987,Albinaria solicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,solicola,,,,,"Neubert, 1998", 170988,Gibbulinella dealbata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gibbulinella,dealbata,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)","There is a high demand for a revision of the genus Gibbulinella. It is yet not clear if all island subpopulations are conspecific, and hence genetic and anatomic studies are necessary. Alone on La Palma there are three different species known to exist, one of them under description." 170990,Medora stenostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,stenostoma,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Medora stenostoma klemmi H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora stenostoma stenostoma (Rossmassler, 1839)" 170991,Montenegrina laxa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,laxa,,,,,"(Küster, 1860)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina laxa dedovi Nordsieck, 2009
Montenegrina laxa miraka Nordsieck, 1996
Montenegrina laxa errans Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina laxa kontschani Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina laxa iba Nordsieck, 1972
Montenegrina laxa disjuncta Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina laxa delii Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina laxa lakmosensis Nordsieck, 2009" 170993,Carinigera octava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,octava,,,,,"R.A. Brandt, 1962", 170994,Lehmannia szigethyae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,szigethyae,,,,,"Wiktor, 1975", 170996,Carinigera pharsalica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,pharsalica,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1974", 170997,Mediterranea adamii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,adamii,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)", 170998,Limax pironae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,pironae,,,,,"Pini, 1876", 170999,Limax redii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,redii,,,,,"Gerhardt, 1933",Gerhardt (1933) described the species basing upon the mating behaviour. Limax redii is not listed in Manganelli et al. 1995 whereas Bank (2013) considers it as a valid taxon. Its taxonomical status must be assessed as most of the Limax species. 171000,Montenegrina stankovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,stankovici,,,,,"(Urbański, 1960)", 171001,Herilla durmitoris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Herilla,durmitoris,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1909)","Bank (2013) lists two subspecies: Herilla durmitoris durmitoris (O. Boettger, 1909) and Herilla durmitoris pseudalopia (A.J. Wagner, 1914)." 171002,Tandonia budapestensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,budapestensis,,,,,"(Hazay, 1880)", 171003,Carinigera superba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,superba,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1977", 171006,Albinaria freytagi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,freytagi,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1889)", 171007,Graciliaria inserta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Graciliaria,inserta,,,,,"(Porro, 1841)","The taxonomic authority of this species is frequently given, incorrectly, as A. Villa & J.B. Villa (R. Bank pers. comm. March 2022)." 171009,Arion fagophilus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,fagophilus,,,,,"de Winter, 1986", 171010,Vermetum festinans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vermetum,festinans,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)",The genus Vermetum was moved from Gastrodontidae to Pristilomatidae (Holyoak et al. 2014). 171013,Triloba thaumasia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Triloba,thaumasia,,,,,"(Sturany, 1907)", 171014,Inchoatia regina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Inchoatia,regina,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1972)","This species is considered synonymous with Ichoatia inchoata by Uit de Weerd et al. (2009), but Welter-Schultes (2012) regards it as a separate species in the genus Sericata." 171015,Cibinia nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Cibinia,nana,,,,,"(Grossu, 1969)", 171016,Arion rufus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,rufus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species is a member of a group of large Arion species which have often been confused with one another, and sometimes require dissection for successful identification. These species include, amongst others;

A. ater (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. rufus (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (=lusitanicus auctt. non Mabille);
A. lusitanicus Mabille, 1868;
A. flagellus Collinge, 1893." 171018,Bulgarica pindica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,pindica,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1974","Welter-Schultes (2013) commented that this species was initially described as a subspecies of Bulgarica vetusta, and could belong to that species." 171019,Retinella olivetorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,olivetorum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)", 171021,Medora hiltrudae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,hiltrudae,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1970", 171022,Arion magnus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,magnus,,,,,"Torres Mínguez, 1923","Backeljau (1989:204) critically reviewed the original description and concluded that this nominal species could not be considered synonymous to any other Arion species and maintained it as a valid taxon, whilst Bech i Taberner et al. (2005) considered the species to be a synonym of Arion ater (Linnaeus, 1758)." 171026,Charpentieria stigmatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,stigmatica,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171027,Tandonia reuleauxi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,reuleauxi,,,,,"(Clessin, 1887)",Wiktor (1996:31) did not succeed in finding this species in the area of the locus typicus. He
expressed his doubts about the existence of this species on the basis of this. 171028,Malacolimax tenellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Malacolimax,tenellus,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 171029,Albinaria avia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,avia,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)","This species is listed as independent by Nordsieck (2007) and Bank (2013). It is treated as belonging to Albinaria saxatilis by Gittenberger and Neuteboom (1989) and by Vardinoyannis et al. (2012)." 171031,Retinella giustii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,giustii,,,,,"Riedel, 1998", 171032,Charpentieria septemplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,septemplicata,,,,,"(Philippi, 1836)","Following Nordsieck (2013), for Charpentieria septemplicata two subspecies are currently considered as valid: C. septemplicata septmeplicata Philippi, 1836, and C. septemplicata alcamosensis Brandt, 1961. One subspecies has been recently described by Beckmann (2004): C. septemplicata hemmeni but this is considered as a junior synonym of. C. septemplicata alcamoensis by Nordsieck (2013) by virtue of the similar shell features. Absolutely further taxonomical research is needed to clarify its real status and distribution." 171033,Charpentieria grohmanniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,grohmanniana,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)",Charpentieria grohmanniana belongs to group 2 of the Charpentieria (Siciliaria) as stated by Nordsieck (2002). 171038,Charpentieria lamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,lamellata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171039,Albinaria litoraria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,litoraria,,,,,"Neubert, 1998", 171042,Vestia ranojevici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Vestia,ranojevici,,,,,"(Pavlović, 1912)",Two species have been identified: Vestia ranojevici ranojevici and Vestia ranojevici moravica (Bank 2017). 171043,Vitrea kutschigi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,kutschigi,,,,,"(Walderdorff, 1864)","
" 171046,Carinigera liebegottae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,liebegottae,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1984)", 171051,Mediterranea wiktori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,wiktori,,,,,"(Riedel, 1997)", 171052,Virpazaria ripkeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,ripkeni,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1969","According to Gittenberger (2015) the following subspecies have to be listed: V. ripkeni ripkeni Gittenberger, 1969; V. ripkeni pastorpueri Reischütz, 2011 and V. ripkeni arbeni Gittenberger, 2015." 171054,Doraegopis carinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Doraegopis,carinatus,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1999", 171055,Macedonica frauenfeldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,frauenfeldi,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1856)", 171056,Oxychilus gardinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,gardinii,,,,,"Manganelli, Bodon & Giusti, 1991", 171058,Geomalacus oliveirae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Geomalacus,oliveirae,,,,,"Simroth, 1891", 171059,Oxychilus uziellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,uziellii,,,,,"(Issel, 1872)","Oxychilus uziellii is a medium-sized species with a subdiscoidal shell, flat below, yellowish with about 5 1/2 6 1/4 regularly growing whorls. Anatomically it is characterized by the peculiarly development of the penial flagellum, the reduced proximal penis and the internal ornamentation of the flagellum and proximal penis. The species is well distinguishable from all other species from Tuscany and the Emilian Apennines (Manganelli and Giusti 2000)." 171060,Vallatia vallata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Vallatia,vallata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)",Both Welter-Schultes (2012) and Nordsieck (2016) consider this species as belonging to the genus Isabellaria. 171062,Oxychilus canini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,canini,,,,,"(Benoit, 1857)", 171065,Macrogastra badia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,badia,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)",A large number of subspecies have been described for this species. 171066,Cecilioides actoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,actoniana,,,,,"(Benoit, 1862)","Cecilioides actoniana has been described upon shell features only and no anatomical data is currently known. Further taxonomical researches are needed to establish its validity and its relationships with other Sicilian Cecilioides species, thus its current status is uncertain." 171067,Janulus pompylius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Janulus,pompylius,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 171068,Limax wolterstorffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,wolterstorffi,,,,,"Simroth, 1900","Falkner et al. (2002; see also Falkner et al. 1999, Falkner and Falkner 2002) and Nitz et al. (2010) started to revise the Limax complex from Corsica, with redefinitions of previously valid species and recognition of at least three new species still to be described. The species here assessed does not correspond to Limax wolterstorffi s.st. but to the wolterstorffi-complex as defined by Nitz et al. (2010)." 171070,Idyla liebegottae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Idyla,liebegottae,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1984", 171071,Tsoukatosia christinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,christinae,,,,,"A. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2003", 171072,Lehmannia horezia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,horezia,,,,,"Grossu & Lupu, 1962","The status of Lehmannia sarmizegetusae Grossu, 1970 was questioned by Wiktor (1983), who suggested that it may be a synonym of Lehmannia horezia.

It seems very probable that L. sarmizegetusae is synonym of L. horezia, but this remains to be proven by examination of specimens. Wiktor (1983) based his opinion on illustrations of Grossu (1970); Wiktor wrote: “My impression of the description and illustration in Grossu (1970) is that L. sarmizegetusae does not differ from L. horezia.”, but this was not based on inspection of specimens, and all subsequent opinions (e.g., Irikov and Erőss 2008, Welter-Schultes 2012) just cite Wiktor.

In this assessment we include Lehmannia sarmizegetusae within L. horezia but acknowledge that further research is required to confirm the correct placement of L. sarmizegetusae." 171073,Ambigolimax nyctelius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Ambigolimax,nyctelius,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1861)","This species is somewhat vulnerable to confusion with other species, especially Ambigolimax valentianus (A. Férussac, 1821)." 171074,Bulgarica urbanskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,urbanskii,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1973", 171075,Sciocochlea collasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Sciocochlea,collasi,,,,,"(Sturany, 1904)", 171076,Charpentieria pantocratoris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,pantocratoris,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1889)","Bank (2013) lists two subspecies: Charpentieria pantocratoris pantocratoris (O. Boettger, 1889) and Charpentieria pantocratoris margaritifera (H. Nordsieck, 1996). Furthermore, Nordsieck described two new subspecies as Siciliaria pantocratoris loutrana Nordsieck, 2015 and Siciliaria pantocratoris epapillata Nordsieck, 2015." 171077,Leucostigma candidescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Leucostigma,candidescens,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)","This is an extremely variable species as the shell morphology, and the taxonomic and nomenclatural stories of L. candidescens are quite complicated, with many names introduced by past authors to describe its great polymorphism. While some authors did not give any credit to subspecific differentiation (Giusti 1971, Manganelli et al. 1995), recently Nordsieck (2011) revised the genus, presenting a distribution map and assessing the (sub)specific names. He also introduced new names at subspecific rank, thus elongating the already long list of subspecies for this species." 171078,Carinigera pellucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,pellucida,,,,,"Dedov & Neubert, 2002", 171079,Testacella haliotidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TESTACELLIDAE,Testacella,haliotidea,,,,,"Draparnaud, 1801","Older literature records of this species are very unreliable as the species can not be reliably different from T. scutulum and T. maugei on shell morphology, with similar shells and individual variability. The species are reliably distinguishable exclusively by means of detailed genital investigation (W. de Mattia pers. comm. 2017)." 171080,Tandonia dalmatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,dalmatina,,,,,"(Simroth, 1900)",The relation of this species to Tandonia cavicola requires confirmation. 171081,Sphincterochila insularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPHINCTEROCHILIDAE,Sphincterochila,insularis,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1894)", 171082,Cecilioides stephaniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,stephaniana,,,,,"(Benoit, 1862)","Cecilioides stephaniana has been described upon shell features only, within a group that shows high shell variability. Its real status and validity must be assessed by further taxonomic research." 171083,Carinigera schuetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,schuetti,,,,,"R.A. Brandt, 1962", 171084,Macedonica pirotana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,pirotana,,,,,"(Pavlović, 1912)", 171086,Oxychilus navarricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,navarricus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1870)", 171087,Oxychilus lathyri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,lathyri,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1869)","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilusin Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed). The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution and ecology of these proposed species." 171088,Schistophallus oscari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Schistophallus,oscari,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1883)",The genus Schistophallus is sometimes placed as the subgenus of Oxychilus. 171089,Delima vidovichii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,vidovichii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Semirugata) vidovichii callifera (Kuster, 1853)
Delima (Semirugata) vidovichii leucostoma (Kuster, 1850)
Delima (Semirugata) vidovichii robusta (Kuster, 1847)
Delima (Semirugata) vidovichii vidovichii (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)

There is a large list of synonims for this species." 171090,Bulgarica moellendorffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,moellendorffi,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1972", 171091,Daudebardia wiktori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Daudebardia,wiktori,,,,,"Riedel, 1967", 171092,Laciniaria bajula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Laciniaria,bajula,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)", 171093,Gyralina pageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,pageti,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1988", 171094,Retinella rochebruni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,rochebruni,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1882)", 171095,Limax dobrogicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,dobrogicus,,,,,"Grossu & Lupu, 1960", 171096,Cochlodina dubiosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,dubiosa,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)","Only two subspecies have been described: Cochlodina dubiosa corcontica Brabenec, 1967 (endemic to the Krkonoše Mountains) and Cochlodina dubiosa dubiosa (Clessin, 1882) (Bank 2013)." 171097,Mentissa canalifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Mentissa,canalifera,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171098,Ferussacia tumidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,tumidula,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","The specific status of this taxon is doubtful as it is conchologically intermediate between F. lanzarotensis and F. attenuata (with which it might be found together) and the type series is very variable too.

The species on the Canary Islands were placed into the genus ""Ferussacia"" based on shell characters, however the generic placement was tentative, pending fuller research into the generic status. There are big differences between the introduced species Ferussacia folliculusand the recent extant species represented there, and in addition, fossil records of representatives of the genus Amphorella were found in Gran Canaria (Hutterer and Groh 2014). 

The current thinking is that these species are likely to come from an endemic Canarian genus related to the Madeiran Ferussaciids and this is under investigation.
Furthermore there are sometimes strongly ribbed specimens of ""Ferussacia"" valida on Fuerteventura which makes it probable that this species is placed within the genus ""Sculptiferussacia"", which is probably closed associated to the other Canarian species.
The Canarian ""Ferussacia""species are self-fertilising breeders, so in fact all of them are clones and the species limits are hard to define, given that they are quite variable in the shell shape. Additionally the shell has only a few distinguishable characters. Revisions in the species status await further research, preferably by genetic methodology." 171103,Balea nitida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Balea,nitida,,,,,"Mousson, 1858", 171104,Oxychilus spectabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,spectabilis,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1885)", 171105,Retinella incerta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,incerta,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 171107,Dilataria succineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Dilataria,succineata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171108,Doraegopis euboeicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Doraegopis,euboeicus,,,,,"Bank & Menkhorst, 1988", 171109,Bulgarica pavlovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,pavlovici,,,,,"Nordsieck, 1972", 171110,Carinigera lophauchena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,lophauchena,,,,,"(Sturany, 1894)", 171111,Lindbergia gittenbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,gittenbergeri,,,,,"L. Pintér & A. Riedel, 1983", 171112,Atlantica retexta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,retexta,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 171113,Cibinia transsilvanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Cibinia,transsilvanica,,,,,"(Bielz, 1859)",According to Welter-Schultes (2012) this taxon is a synonym of Daudebardia langi. 171114,Ferussacia attenuata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,attenuata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","The species on the Canary Islands were placed into the genus ""Ferussacia"" based on shell characters, however the generic placement was tentative, pending fuller research into the generic status. There are big differences between the introduced species Ferussacia folliculus and the recent extant species represented there, and in addition, fossil records of representatives of the genus Amphorella were found in Gran Canaria (Hutterer and Groh 2014).

The current thinking is that these species are likely to come from an endemic Canarian genus related to the Madeiran Ferussaciids and this is under investigation.

Furthermore there are sometimes strongly ribbed specimens of ""Ferussacia"" valida on Fuerteventura which makes it probable that this species is placed within the genus ""Sculptiferussacia"", which is probably closed associated to the other Canarian species.

The Canarian ""Ferussacia""species are self-fertilising breeders, so in fact all of them are clones and the species limits are hard to define, given that they are quite variable in the shell shape. Additionally the shell has only a few distinguishable characters. Revisions in the species status await further research, preferably by genetic methodology." 171116,Arion euthymeanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,euthymeanus,,,,,"Florence, 1886",The species' taxonomic status is very doubtful as the most recent studies (Wiktor 2001) consider it as a synonym of the widespread species A. subfuscus. Falkner et al. (2001) retain it as a valid species. 171117,Doraegopis boeoticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Doraegopis,boeoticus,,,,,"(Riedel, 1980)", 171118,Milax verrucosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Milax,verrucosus,,,,,"Wiktor, 1969", 171119,Oxyloma dunkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Oxyloma,dunkeri,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1865)","The taxonomic position of this species is unclear. Although reported from many countries and currently maintained as a species by Bank (2016), traditionally most malacologists do not distinguish this taxon from Oxyloma elegans.

E. Neubert (pers. comm. 2016) considers its presence in Hungary and the whole of Central Europe and Germany unlikely. However the situation for southeastern Europe is not clear, and we retain this species as probably endemic to the Danube Delta (Bulgaria and Romania), and highlight that research is needed to confirm the identity of this taxon." 171120,Balcanodiscus magnus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,magnus,,,,,"P.L. Reischütz, 1988", 171121,Allaegopis subariedeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,subariedeli,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1999", 171123,Isabellaria perplana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,perplana,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1877)","Bank (2013) lists three subspecies: Isabellaria perplana perplana (O. Boettger, 1877), Isabellaria perplana josephinae (O. Boettger, 1880), and Isabellaria perplana triodos H. Nordsieck, 1974." 171125,Arion gilvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,gilvus,,,,,"Torres Mínguez, 1925", 171126,Delima edmibrani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,edmibrani,,,,,"Štamol & Slapnik, 2002", 171128,Tandonia cavicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,cavicola,,,,,"(Simroth, 1916)", 171129,Vitrea etrusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,etrusca,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1878)", 171130,Montenegrina helvola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,helvola,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina helvola magna Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina helvola carinata Erőss & Szekeres, 1999
Montenegrina helvola ornata Erőss & Szekeres, 1999
Montenegrina helvola pageti Brandt, 1962." 171132,Paraegopis albanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Paraegopis,albanicus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171133,Vitrea sturanyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,sturanyi,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1907)", 171134,Oxychilus blauneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,blauneri,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1843)","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilusin Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed). The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution and ecology of these proposed species." 171136,Vitrea schuetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,schuetti,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1972","Riedel (1992) discusses that this species might be conspecific with Vitrea argolica Riedel, 1962 and some other taxa described from Greece." 171139,Atlantica gomerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,gomerensis,,,,,"(Rähle, 1994)", 171140,Vitrea botterii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,botterii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)", 171141,Albinaria sublamellosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,sublamellosa,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)", 171142,Ferussacia vitrea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,vitrea,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)","The species on the Canary Islands were placed into the genus ""Ferussacia"" based on shell characters, however the generic placement was tentative, pending fuller research into the generic status. There are big differences between the introduced species Ferussacia folliculusand the recent extant species represented there, and in addition, fossil records of representatives of the genus Amphorella were found in Gran Canaria (Hutterer and Groh 2014). 

The current thinking is that these species are likely to come from an endemic Canarian genus related to the Madeiran Ferussaciids and this is under investigation.

Furthermore there are sometimes strongly ribbed specimens of ""Ferussacia"" valida on Fuerteventura which makes it probable that this species is placed within the genus ""Sculptiferussacia"", which is probably closed associated to the other Canarian species.

The Canarian ""Ferussacia""species are self-fertilising breeders, so in fact all of them are clones and the species limits are hard to define, given that they are quite variable in the shell shape. Additionally the shell has only a few distinguishable characters. Revisions in the species status await further research, preferably by genetic methodology." 171143,Macedonica slavica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,slavica,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1974", 171144,Delima pellucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,pellucida,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)", 171145,Arion iratii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,iratii,,,,,"Garrido, Castillejo & Iglesias, 1995","This species is very difficult to distinguish from the closely related A. subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805); A. fuscus (O. F. Muller, 1774); A. lizzarrustii Garrido, Castillejo and Iglesias, 1995; and A. molinae Garrido, Castillejo and Iglesias, 1995. Even behavioural observation and dissection may be insufficient. Genetic data have been used to determine certain populations in Wales, UK as belong to ""Arion cf. iratii"" rather than to A. subfuscus (Rowson et al. 2014). More research on the three Garrido et al. (1995) species is required to clarify their distinctness, and their Red List statuses should arguably be considered provisional until then." 171147,Vitrea narbonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,narbonensis,,,,,"(Clessin, 1877)", 171148,Aegopis spelaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,spelaeus,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914", 171149,Vitrea zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,zilchi,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1972",This species may be only a strange form of Vitrea kutschigi and further research is required. 171150,Cochlodina orthostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,orthostoma,,,,,"(Menke, 1828)", 171151,Cecilioides poupillieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,poupillieri,,,,,"(Servain, 1880)","In Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006) listed 19 species of Cecilioides, including Cecilioides poupilleri but in the latest version of the European list (Bank 2017), only 12 species are considered valid, but this species was not synonymised. Welter-Schultes (2012) comments on the presence of two forms of Cecilioides in many regions of Europe and discusses the range of names applied. The systematic and taxonomic status of Cecilioides poupilleri is unclear and must be further investigated.

M. Seddon (pers. comm. 2016), based on an earlier unpublished review of the European and North African species, believes that Cecilioides poupilleri might conspecific with C. janii. Holyoak and Holyoak (2015) recognised three species in Portugal, none of which are Cecilioides poupilleri or C. janii, however Bank (2000) placed C. janii as a synonym of the widespread C. veneta." 171152,Mediterranea mylonasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,mylonasi,,,,,"(Riedel, 1983)", 171153,Albinaria krueperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,krueperi,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1866)", 171154,Charpentieria tiberii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,tiberii,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)","Charpentieria tiberii has currently two subspecies: C. tiberii tiberii and C. tiberii scalettensis Beckmann, 2004. The subspecies differ from few different from each other by virtue of few minor features of the shell (Nordsieck 2013)." 171156,Alopia glauca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,glauca,,,,,"(E.A. Bielz, 1853)",This species belongs to the subgenus Kimakowiczia (Fehér et al. 2013). 171158,Gyralina tarabosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,tarabosensis,,,,,"(Riedel, 1970)", 171159,Macedonica pirinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,pirinensis,,,,,"S.H.F. Jaeckel, 1954", 171160,Aegopinella epipedostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Aegopinella,epipedostoma,,,,,"(Fagot, 1879)", 171161,Mediterranea polygyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,polygyra,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1885)",Mediterranea polygyra is easily distinguished from the other Mediterranea species by virtue of its peculiar shell shape and the internal ornamentation of the proximal penis. 171162,Albinaria hohorsti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,hohorsti,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1984", 171163,Alopia meschendorferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,meschendorferi,,,,,"(E.A. Bielz, 1858)", 171164,Charpentieria itala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,itala,,,,,"(G. von Martens, 1824)",Following genetic studies Charpentieria clavata is now interpreted as a younger synonym of C. itala (G. Nardi pers. comm. 2015). 171165,Graecophaedusa sperrlei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Graecophaedusa,sperrlei,,,,,"Rähle, 1982", 171166,Bulgarica vetusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,vetusta,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171168,Pyrgella leacociana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Pyrgella,leacociana,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 171171,Oxychilus majori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,majori,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)", 171172,Zonites messenicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,messenicus,,,,,"Zilch, 1965","There is some ongoing debate as to whether to regard this species as valid, or as part of a species complex (Kornilios et al. 2009)." 171173,Arion fuscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,fuscus,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 171176,Vitrea schneideri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,schneideri,,,,,"A. Riedel & P.L. Reischütz, 1988", 171177,Cochlodina costata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,costata,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)","Many subspecies have been described: Cochlodina costata costata (Pfeiffer 1828), Cochlodina costata curta (Rossmässler 1836), Cochlodina costata franconica Ehrmann, 1933, Cochlodina costata fusca (De Betta 1852), Cochlodina costata fusiformis (Küster 1853), Cochlodina costata intemedia (Pfeiffer 1847), Cochlodina costata intracosta Nordsieck, 2007, Cochlodina costata natisonensis Nordsieck, 2007, Cochlodina costata psila (Westerlund 1884), Cochlodina costata schmidti Nordsieck, 2007, Cochlodina costata sigridae Nordsieck, 2007, Cochlodina costata silesiaca (Schmidt 1868), Cochlodina costata singularis (Boettger 1879), Cochlodina costata ungulata (Rossmässler 1835) (Bank 2013, Nordsieck 2013)." 171180,Cochlodina marisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,marisi,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)", 171181,Delima helenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,helenae,,,,,"(Küster, 1876)", 171183,Oxychilus mortilleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,mortilleti,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1859)","This species is known to have a local subspecies, Oxychilus (Oxychilus) mortilleti planus (Clessin, 1877) endemic to Germany." 171185,Limax granosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,granosus,,,,,"Bérenguier, 1900", 171186,Macrogastra attenuata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,attenuata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 171187,Carpathica stussineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,stussineri,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1895)", 171190,Hohenwartiana hohenwarti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Hohenwartiana,hohenwarti,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","Welter-Schultes (2012) doubts whether H. aradasiana from Sicily represents a separate species from H. hohenwarti; ""Giusti (1973) analysed genitalia and radula of specimens from northern Italy and Lipari island (north of Sicily) and found almost no differences. He argued that both species H. aradasiana and H. hohenwartiana were present in Sicily, but did not explain how to distinguish them. The specimen from Lipari was assigned to H. aradasiana, but it remained unclear why."" (Welter-Schultes 2012)." 171191,Oxychilus courquini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,courquini,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1870)", 171193,Albinaria haessleini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,haessleini,,,,,"Fauer, 1978", 171195,Vitrea matsakisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,matsakisi,,,,,"Riedel & Mylonas, 1980","Riedel (1992) discusses that this species might be conspecific with Vitrea argolica Riedel, 1962 and some other taxa described from Greece." 171199,Arion paularensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,paularensis,,,,,"Wiktor & Parejo, 1989", 171201,Aegopinella ressmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Aegopinella,ressmanni,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1883)", 171202,Laciniaria macilenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Laciniaria,macilenta,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)", 171203,Amphorella tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,tuberculata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)","Waldén (1983: 268, note 27) commented that two forms are found: a larger and a smaller (normal) that do not seem to intergrade." 171206,Herilla bosniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Herilla,bosniensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1868)", 171208,Albinaria senilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,senilis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171209,Arion urbiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,urbiae,,,,,"de Winter, 1986","Backeljau et al. (1994) concluded that A. urbiae and A. anguloi are most probably conspecific, whereas the genetic types of A. subfuscus may represent two different species." 171210,Medora proxima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,proxima,,,,,"(Walderdorff, 1864)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Medora proxima proxima (Walderdorff, 1864)
Medora proxima remota (Polinski, 1924)" 171213,Delima hiltrudis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,hiltrudis,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1969", 171214,Macedonica zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,zilchi,,,,,"Urbański, 1972", 171215,Carinigera thessalonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,thessalonica,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1972)", 171216,Macedonica guicciardii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,guicciardii,,,,,"(Roth, 1856)", 171217,Albinaria contaminata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,contaminata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 171218,Arion baeticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,baeticus,,,,,"Garrido, Castillejo & Iglesias, 1994", 171219,Charpentieria ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,ornata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171220,Carinigera chelidromia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,chelidromia,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1889)", 171222,Mediterranea inopinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,inopinata,,,,,"(Uličný, 1887)", 171223,Carinigera calabacensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,calabacensis,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1892)", 171224,Alopia nefasta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,nefasta,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1894)","According to Fehér et al. (2013) Alopia nefasta has four subspecies: A. nefasta helenae R. Kimakowicz, 1928, A. nefasta mauritii R. Kimakowicz, 1928, A. nefasta nefasta (M. Kimakowicz, 1894), A. nefasta zagani Szekeres, 1969." 171225,Oxychilus cellarius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,cellarius,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 171226,Limax veronensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,veronensis,,,,,"Lessona & Pollonera, 1882", 171230,Arion franciscoloi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,franciscoloi,,,,,"Boato, Bodon & Giusti, 1983","Arion franciscoloi is clearly distinguishable from other Arion species by virtue of the high number of genital muscles, the clearly distinguishable vas deferens and epiphallus, the internal structure of epiphallus containing longitudinal folds only and the spermatophore that is completely lacking of denticulation (Boato et al, 1983). This species has a clear taxonomical identity in a usually very complicated group." 171231,Mediterranea juliae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,juliae,,,,,"(Riedel, 1990)", 171232,Medora italiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,italiana,,,,,"(Küster, 1847)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:

Medora italiana garganensis (A.J. Wagner, 1918)
Medora italiana italiana (Kuster, 1847)
Medora italiana kobelti H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora italiana milettiana Giusti, 1967
Medora italiana punctulata (Kuster, 1850)

Giusti et al. (1986) came into the conclusion that M. italiana can not be distinguished from M. macascarensis albescens, and moreover they saw no sense of the subspecific differentiation. Therefore Welter-Schultes (2012) treats M. italiana conspecific with M. macascarensis. Colomba et al. (2012) studied the molecular phylogeny of several Italian Medora populations and came into a contrasting conclusion: they assumed that Italian ""M. italiana"" is a complex of more than one species. Until this debate is clarified, Fauna Europaea (Bank) system follows Nordsieck (1970) and treats the Balkan morphs (M. macascarensis) and the Italian morphs (M. italiana) as distinct species." 171233,Aegopinella graziadei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Aegopinella,graziadei,,,,,"(Boeckel, 1940)", 171234,Tandonia serbica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,serbica,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1931)", 171236,Isabellaria bathyclista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,bathyclista,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1879)", 171237,Macedonica brabeneci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,brabeneci,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1977", 171239,Mediterranea ionica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,ionica,,,,,"(Riedel & Subai, 1978)","The species shows a conservative genital anatomy while remarkable variations of shell size have been detected. On Kythira occurs a form which is bigger on average, with a wider umbilicus stronger radial striae and less flattened upper side. The real identity of these subpopulations have yet to be assessed (Riedel 1992)." 171241,Albinaria hians,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,hians,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171242,Mediterranea pieperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,pieperi,,,,,"(Riedel, 1973)", 171243,Delima laevissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,laevissima,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1833)","According to Bank (2013) accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Delima) laevissima laevissima (Rossmassler, 1833)
Delima (Delima) laevissima pachygastris (Rossmassler, 1835)

There is a large range of synonyms to the species." 171244,Clausilia cruciata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,cruciata,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)", 171245,Gyralina gjirokastrana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,gjirokastrana,,,,,"Riedel & Welter-Schultes, 1996", 171248,Hypnophila polita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,polita,,,,,"(Porro, 1838)", 171249,Clausilia rugosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,rugosa,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","There are several subspecies recognised with smaller ranges and one with a more widespread range, based on current knowledge. Further research on the molecular systematics of this group may change the species/subspecies limits.

The smallest smoother subspecies Clausilia rugosa parvula has the widest distribution from France north to Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg to the Alps (Switzerland, Austria, Italy) while it extends to the southeast to Croatia and Slovenia, and further north to the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Other subspecies have a smaller range:
Clausilia rugosa rugosa: France
Clausilia rugosa andusiensis: France
Clausilia rugosa belonidea: France 
Clausilia rugosa lamalouensis: France
Clausilia rugosa magdalenica: Spain
Clausilia rugosa penchinati: Spain, France.
Clausilia) rugosa pinii: Italy, France
Clausilia rugosa provincialis: France 
Clausilia rugosa reboudii: Spain, France" 171250,Albinaria petrosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,petrosa,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1849)", 171253,Paraegopis mauritii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Paraegopis,mauritii,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)", 171254,Vitrea argolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,argolica,,,,,"Riedel, 1962","Riedel (1992) discusses that several other species (Vitrea keeana, V. matsakisi, V. schuetti, and V. sporadica) might be conspecific with Vitrea argolica Riedel, 1962 or forms or subspecies of it. Until further research is undertaken these taxa ought to be treated as separate species." 171256,Arion molinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,molinae,,,,,"Garrido, Castillejo & Iglesias, 1995","According to B. Rowson (pers. comm. 2016) this species is very difficult to distinguish from the closely related A. subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805); A. fuscus (O.F. Muller, 1774); A. irati Garrido, Castillejo and Iglesias, 1995; and A. lizarriti Garrido, Castillejo and Iglesias, 1995. Even behavioural observation and dissection may be insufficient. More research on the three Garrido et al. (1995) species is required to clarify their distinctness, and their Red List status should arguably be considered provisional until then." 171258,Oxychilus alliarius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,alliarius,,,,,"(J.S. Miller, 1822)", 171259,Delima pachystoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,pachystoma,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","According to the Fauna Europaea check-list, accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Delima) pachystoma decattaniae (A. & J.B. Villa, 1871)
Delima (Delima) pachystoma nevestensis H. Nordsieck, 1969
Delima (Delima) pachystoma pachystoma (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)
Delima (Delima) pachystoma satricensis H. Nordsieck, 1969
Delima (Delima) pachystoma sucinacia (O. Boettger, 1879)
Delima (Delima) pachystoma vicariella H. Nordsieck, 1969

Synonyms are:
= gracilis A. Schmidt 1868" 171261,Janulus bifrons,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Janulus,bifrons,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 171262,Cochlodina meisneriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,meisneriana,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1843)","Some subspecies might be distinguished, and there is some discussion on whether they should be considered subspecies or different species (Gargominy et al. 2011). There are still taxonomic issues with this species, as it remains unclear if there are two subspecies, or if these forms are actually two different species (C. meisneriana and C. adjaciensis)." 171263,Albinaria gerolimena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,gerolimena,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1974", 171264,Protoherilla mirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Protoherilla,mirabilis,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1972)",Welter-Schultes (2012) considers this species as probably a synonym of P. pseudofallax. 171266,Cochlodina triloba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,triloba,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171267,Balea kaeufeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Balea,kaeufeli,,,,,"(R.A. Brandt, 1962)", 171269,Klemmia sinistrorsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Klemmia,sinistrorsa,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1969","The year of description of this species is frequently erroneously given as 1975, however it was described in 1969 (Gittenberger 1969)." 171271,Oxychilus tropidophorus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,tropidophorus,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1869)","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilusin Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed). The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution and ecology of these proposed species." 171273,Lehmannia janetscheki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,janetscheki,,,,,"Forcart, 1966","Research into the taxonomic identity of this species is required, and its separation from L. marginata requires confirmation." 171274,Charpentieria ernae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,ernae,,,,,"(Fauer, 1978)", 171275,Macedonica ypsilon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,ypsilon,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1977", 171276,Oxychilus denatale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,denatale,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)", 171277,Ferussacia submajor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,submajor,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","The species on the Canary Islands were placed into the genus ""Ferussacia"" based on shell characters, however the generic placement was tentative, pending fuller research into the generic status. There are big differences between the introduced species Ferussacia folliculusand the recent extant species represented there, and in addition, fossil records of representatives of the genus Amphorella were found in Gran Canaria (Hutterer and Groh 2014). 

The current thinking is that these species are likely to come from an endemic Canarian genus related to the Madeiran Ferussaciids and this is under investigation.

Furthermore there are sometimes strongly ribbed specimens of ""Ferussacia"" valida on Fuerteventura which makes it probable that this species is placed within the genus ""Sculptiferussacia"", which is probably closed associated to the other Canarian species.

The Canarian ""Ferussacia""species are self-fertilising breeders, so in fact all of them are clones and the species limits are hard to define, given that they are quite variable in the shell shape. Additionally the shell has only a few distinguishable characters. Revisions in the species status await further research, preferably by genetic methodology." 171278,Isabellaria thermopylarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,thermopylarum,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)","Bank (2013) lists three subspecies: Isabellaria thermopylarum thermopylarum (L. Pfeiffer, 1849), Isabellaria thermopylarum blanci (E. von Martens, 1876), and Isabellaria thermopylarum faueri H. Nordsieck, 1974." 171279,Oxychilus brincki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,brincki,,,,,"Riedel, 1964", 171280,Zonites kobelti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,kobelti,,,,,"O. Boettger, 1898","There is some ongoing debate as to whether to regard this species as valid, or as part of a species complex (Kornilios et al. 2009)." 171281,Albinaria mixta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,mixta,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1984", 171282,Bulgarica fraudigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,fraudigera,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","Welter-Schultes (2012) considers this species a synonym of B. fritillaria, but this is not accepted here." 171283,Retinella hiulca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,hiulca,,,,,"(Albers, 1850)", 171284,Arion silvaticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,silvaticus,,,,,"Lohmander, 1937","This species is readily confused with the closely related A. circumscriptus Johnston, 1828 and there are arguments for considering them both part of the same species (Geenen et al. 2006, Rowson et al. 2014). However, most works (e.g. Welter-Schultes 2012) treat them separately." 171285,Oxychilus absoloni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,absoloni,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 171286,Alopia pomatias,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,pomatias,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1868)", 171287,Hypnophila pupaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,pupaeformis,,,,,"(Cantraine, 1835)", 171288,Arion flagellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,flagellus,,,,,"Collinge, 1893","This species is a member of a group of large Arion species which have often been confused with one another, and sometimes require dissection for successful identification. These species include, amongst others;

A. ater (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. rufus (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (=lusitanicus auctt. non Mabille);
A. lusitanicus Mabille, 1868; and,
A. flagellus Collinge, 1893" 171290,Sciocochlea nordsiecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Sciocochlea,nordsiecki,,,,,"Subai, 1993", 171291,Oxychilus obscuratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,obscuratus,,,,,"(Porro, 1841)","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilusin Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed). The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution and ecology of these proposed species.

The taxonomic authority of this species is frequently given, incorrectly, as A. Villa & J.B. Villa (R. Bank pers. comm. March 2022)." 171292,Agathylla biloba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,biloba,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 171293,Tandonia rara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,rara,,,,,"Wiktor, 1996","This species was described by Wiktor in 1996. Until then, Wiktor did not distinguish this species from the alpine species T. simrothi. Therefore, his 'T. schleschi' records in previous publications partly refer to this species." 171294,Montenegrina dofleini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,dofleini,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina dofleini wagneri Szekeres, 2006  
Montenegrina dofleini pinteri Nordsieck, 1974
Montenegrina dofleini kastoriae Nordsieck, 1972
Montenegrina dofleini prespaensis Nordsieck, 1988
Montenegrina dofleini sinosi Páll-Gergely, 2010
Montenegrina dofleini fagorum Nordsieck, 1974." 171296,Albinaria grisea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,grisea,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1835)", 171297,Vitrea demiobasensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,demiobasensis,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1972", 171298,Albinaria broemmei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,broemmei,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1892)", 171299,Carinigera leucorhaphe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,leucorhaphe,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171300,Isabellaria sericata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,sericata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)", 171301,Montenegrina cattaroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,cattaroensis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina cattaroensis umbilicata (Boettger, 1879)
Montenegrina cattaroensis antivaricostata Fehér and Szekeres, 2016

M. c. antivaricostata was introduced as a nom. nov. for the junior homonym Clausilia umbilicata costata (Boettger, 1907)." 171305,Paraegopis bizonus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Paraegopis,bizonus,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914", 171306,Herilla ziegleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Herilla,ziegleri,,,,,"(Küster, 1845)","Bank (2013) lists 16 subspecies: Herilla ziegleri ziegleri (Küster, 1845), Herilla ziegleri accedens (Moellendorff, 1873), Herilla ziegleri amaliae Urbanski, 1973, Herilla ziegleri costulifera (Moellendorff, 1873), Herilla ziegleri dacica (L. Pfeiffer, 1848), Herilla ziegleri discreta (A.J. Wagner, 1915), Herilla ziegleri edlaueri H. Nordsieck, 1974, Herilla ziegleri jaeckeli H. Nordsieck, 1971, Herilla ziegleri klemmi H. Nordsieck, 1971, Herilla ziegleri limana O. Boettger, 1909, Herilla ziegleri ljubicnicensis (A.J. Wagner, 1915), Herilla ziegleri neglecta (Brancsik, 1888), Herilla ziegleri perfecta (A.J. Wagner, 1915), Herilla ziegleri rascana (A.J. Wagner, 1919), Herilla ziegleri tarensis Pavlovic, 1912, and Herilla ziegleri zabuljensis (A.J. Wagner, 1912)." 171307,Virpazaria pageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,pageti,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1969","According to Reischütz et al. (2012) the following subspecies have to be listed: V. pageti pageti Gittenberger, 1969; V. pageti alexanderi Reischütz, Stamol and Subai, 2012 and V. pageti kleteckii Reischütz, Stamol and Subai, 2012." 171311,Fusulus interruptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Fusulus,interruptus,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 171313,Agathylla sulcosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,sulcosa,,,,,"(J.A. Wagner, 1829)", 171314,Malacolimax mrazeki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Malacolimax,mrazeki,,,,,"(Simroth, 1904)", 171315,Alopia canescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,canescens,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)","According to Fehér et al. (2013), A. canescens canescens (Charpentier, 1852), A. canescens haueri (E.A. Bielz, 1859) and A. canescens striaticollis (M. Kimakowicz, 1894) are subspecies of A. canescens." 171316,Aegopis septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1899)","According to Welter-Schultes (2012) the name septentrionalis is preoccupied and therefore he uses A. laughofferi Wagner, 1914." 171318,Ferussacia fritschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,fritschi,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","The species on the Canary Islands were placed into the genus ""Ferussacia"" based on shell characters, however the generic placement was tentative, pending fuller research into the generic status. There are big differences between the introduced species Ferussacia folliculusand the recent extant species represented there, and in addition, fossil records of representatives of the genus Amphorella were found in Gran Canaria (Hutterer and Groh 2014). 

The current thinking is that these species are likely to come from an endemic Canarian genus related to the Madeiran Ferussaciids and this is under investigation.

Furthermore there are sometimes strongly ribbed specimens of ""Ferussacia"" valida on Fuerteventura which makes it probable that this species is placed within the genus ""Sculptiferussacia"", which is probably closed associated to the other Canarian species.

The Canarian ""Ferussacia""species are self-fertilising breeders, so in fact all of them are clones and the species limits are hard to define, given that they are quite variable in the shell shape. Additionally the shell has only a few distinguishable characters. Revisions in the species status await further research, preferably by genetic methodology." 171322,Daudebardia dacica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Daudebardia,dacica,,,,,"Grossu, 1969","According to Welter-Schultes (2012) this taxon is a synonym of Daudebardia langi. However, this point of view is not supported by arguments, and the species is retained until more research confirms its status.

The species name is frequently miss-spelt ""dacida"", however the correct spelling is ""dacica"" (Z. Fehér and Z.P. Erőss pers. comm. 2016)." 171323,Albinaria edmundi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,edmundi,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger, 1987)", 171325,Amphorella intermedia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,intermedia,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 171326,Arion hispanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,hispanicus,,,,,"Simroth, 1886", 171327,Letourneuxia moreleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Letourneuxia,moreleti,,,,,"(P. Hesse, 1884)","Whilst at present this species has been placed in the genus Letourneuxia, it could equally be placed in Geomalacus. There is ongoing research to resolve the status of the two species from Morocco and the other Geomalacus species in Europe." 171328,Charpentieria gibbula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,gibbula,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","The described subspecies are the following: Charpentiera gibbula gibbula (Rossmässler, 1836), Charpentieria gibbula honii (Tiberi, 1878), Charpentieria gibbula niethammeri (Rensch, 1934), Charpentieria gibbula pelagosana (Boettger, 1878), Charpentiera gibbula sanctangeli (Wagner 1925), Charpentiera gibbula multiplex (Westerlund, 1884), and Charpentiera gibbula selecta (Monterosato in Cecconi 1908) (Bank 2013)." 171329,Oxychilus lagrecai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,lagrecai,,,,,"Giusti, 1973", 171330,Klemmia magnicosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Klemmia,magnicosta,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1975", 171331,Gyralina candida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,candida,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1909)","Fauna Europaea lists two subspecies: Gyralina candida candida (A.J. Wagner, 1909) and Gyralina candida paupercula Riedel and Subai, 1993." 171332,Medora macascarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,macascarensis,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1828)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:

Medora macascarensis albescens (Menke, 1830)
Medora macascarensis barbieri (Zelebor, 1868)
Medora macascarensis brancsiki Feher, 2000
Medora macascarensis brusinae (Brusina, 1866)
Medora macascarensis carniolica (Kuster, 1854)
Medora macascarensis clissana (Brancsik, 1897)
Medora macascarensis graciliformis (L. Pfeiffer, 1866)
Medora macascarensis livnoensis H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora macascarensis macascarensis (G.B. Sowerby I, 1828)
Medora macascarensis pliculosa (Westerlund, 1884)
Medora macascarensis siriae H. Nordsieck, 2009
Medora macascarensis troglavensis (A.J. Wagner, 1912)
Medora macascarensis unae H. Nordsieck, 1974" 171333,Inchoatia megdova,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Inchoatia,megdova,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1974)", 171334,Janulus stephanophorus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Janulus,stephanophorus,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1850)", 171335,Erjavecia bergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Erjavecia,bergeri,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171336,Montenegrina hiltrudae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,hiltrudae,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1972","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina hiltrudae costulata Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina hiltrudae sattmanni Nordsieck, 1988
Montenegrina hiltrudae densicostulata Nordsieck, 1974  
Montenegrina hiltrudae protruda Gittenberger, 2002
Montenegrina hiltrudae dennisi Gittenberger, 2002
Montenegrina hiltrudae fusca Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina hiltrudae desaretica Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina hiltrudae maasseni Gittenberger, 2002
Montenegrina hiltrudae selcensis Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina hiltrudae robusta Gittenberger, 2002" 171338,Ferussacia lanzarotensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,lanzarotensis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","The species on the Canary Islands were placed into the genus ""Ferussacia"" based on shell characters, however the generic placement was tentative, pending fuller research into the generic status. There are big differences between the introduced species Ferussacia folliculusand the recent extant species represented there, and in addition, fossil records of representatives of the genus Amphorella were found in Gran Canaria (Hutterer and Groh 2014). 

The current thinking is that these species are likely to come from an endemic Canarian genus related to the Madeiran Ferussaciids and this is under investigation.

Furthermore there are sometimes strongly ribbed specimens of ""Ferussacia"" valida on Fuerteventura which makes it probable that this species is placed within the genus ""Sculptiferussacia"", which is probably closed associated to the other Canarian species.

The Canarian ""Ferussacia""species are self-fertilising breeders, so in fact all of them are clones and the species limits are hard to define, given that they are quite variable in the shell shape. Additionally the shell has only a few distinguishable characters. Revisions in the species status await further research, preferably by genetic methodology." 171339,Oxychilus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1881)", 171342,Limax gerhardti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,gerhardti,,,,,"Niethammer, 1937","Niethammer (1937) described the species from Ischia (southern Italy). Limax gerhardti is not listed in Manganelli et al., 1995 whereas Bank (2013) considers it as a valid taxon. Its taxonomical status must be assessed as most of the Limax species." 171344,Oxychilus mavromoustakisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,mavromoustakisi,,,,,"(F. Haas, 1934)", 171346,Amphorella tornatellina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,tornatellina,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Wollaston (1878) recognised three forms of this species:

a) major from laurisilva zones at intermediate and high elevations; this was the larger, more highly coloured form, with a long thin subvertical ventral lamella and a truncated, expanded columella (Seddon 2008: Plate 8C).

b) minor from exposed submaritime cliffs on Madeira; this was the smaller, paler form, with a short subvertical ventral lamella and a truncated, narrower columella. Waldén (1983, p. 268, note 25) suggests minor is probably an “ecophenotype” rather than a true subspecies. This form is smaller - 6.5 mm height, three mm breadth (Seddon 2008: Plate 8D).

c) intermedia from exposed submaritime cliffs on the Desertas Islands and Pico Branco; this form was intermediate in size, with a subvertical ventral lamella better developed and positioned further from the angle of the lip." 171349,Milax parvulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Milax,parvulus,,,,,"Wiktor, 1968", 171351,Charpentieria splendens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,splendens,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1996)", 171352,Charpentieria scarificata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,scarificata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)","The specific status of C. scarificata is clear and well established while its generic assignment is quite controversial. It was previously considered as Siciliaria (Favilli et al., 1995) but Beckmann (2004) and Nordsieck (2002, 2007) considered Siciliaria as a subgenus of Charpentieria. Liberto et al. (2015) in their revision, proposed again the name Siciliaria as a valid genus. More taxonomical research is needed to clarify the generic assignment of this species." 171353,Vitrea transsylvanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,transsylvanica,,,,,"(Clessin, 1877)", 171354,Albinaria thiesseae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,thiesseae,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)", 171355,Limax wohlberedti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,wohlberedti,,,,,"Simroth, 1900", 171356,Oxychilus lentiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,lentiformis,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1882)", 171357,Agathylla strigillata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,strigillata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 171358,Daudebardia ponorica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Daudebardia,ponorica,,,,,"Grossu, 1972","According to Welter-Schultes (2012) Daudebardia ponorica is a synonym of D. cavicola. In Hungary, Pintér (1971) placed D. cavicola as a synonym for D. rufa, which was probably described after an abnormal colourless specimen. Fauna Europea retained Daudebardia ponorica as a valid species until a decision based on targeted research has been taken." 171359,Geomalacus malagensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Geomalacus,malagensis,,,,,"Wiktor & Norris, 1991","According to Castillejo (1998), this species should be synonymised with Letourneuxia moreleti (Hesse, 1884), but R. Bank (pers. comm. 2017) and T. Backeljau (pers. comm. 2017) considered that this was premature, given that Letourneuxia moreleti was described from Morocco." 171361,Tandonia rustica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,rustica,,,,,"(Millet, 1843)", 2107,Arion obesoductus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,obesoductus,,,,,"Reischütz, 1973","Currently most authors refer to this species as Arion obesoductus Reischütz, 1973 after Manganelli et al. (2010), who made the name A. alpinus Pollonera a synonym of A. intermedius Normand. This is followed in the latest revision to the Fauna Europaea list (R. Bank pers. comm. 2016)." 171364,Macedonica macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,macedonica,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)", 171365,Gyralina tsatsae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,tsatsae,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1977", 171366,Tandonia croatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,croatica,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1929)","This is a species of very unclear taxonomic position. It was described on the basis of external traits (anatomy is unknown), and the holotype was not found (it was probably destroyed when the Hungarian Natural History Museum was burned in 1956) (Wiktor 1987, 1996). Wiktor (1987) found a very young specimen in Wagner's private collection assigned to this species, however he considered that it did not differ externally from T. robici Simroth, 1885. Further taxonomic research is required to confirm the identity of this species." 171368,Tandonia pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,pinteri,,,,,"(Wiktor, 1975)", 171370,Isabellaria almae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,almae,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1889)","Nordsieck described a second subspecies as Albinaria almae efthimia Nordsieck, 2015." 171371,Medora eris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,eris,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1866)", 171372,Hypnophila girottii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,girottii,,,,,"Esu, 1978","The species has been described as a fossil (Esu, 1978) from Nuraghe su Casteddu (eastern Sardinia). It was later found alive in a nearby area (Cala Gonone) (Manganelli et al., 1995; Welter-Schultes, 2012). The anatomy of the species is still unknown thus the generic belonging to Hypnophila is only provisional, waiting for a taxonomical review." 171373,Doraegopis subaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Doraegopis,subaii,,,,,"Riedel, 1990", 171375,Testacella gestroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TESTACELLIDAE,Testacella,gestroi,,,,,"Issel, 1873","Testacella gestroi has been sometimes synonymized with other taxa such as T. scutulum and T. europaea. Wagner (1915) introduced the subgenus Testacelloides with T. gestroi as type species (Rinaldi 2003). Although the subgeneric classification of Testacella is still far to be clear (Manganelli et al. 1995), Bank (2017) considered as valid the subgenus Testacelloides following Giusti (1970)." 171376,Zonites parnonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,parnonensis,,,,,"Riedel, 1985","This species is currently subdivided in two subspecies, Zonites p. parnonensis and Zonites p. fallax." 171377,Isabellaria lutracana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,lutracana,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1977)", 171378,Isabellaria parnassia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,parnassia,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1888)", 171380,Lehmannia islandica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,islandica,,,,,"Forcart, 1966","This species co-occurs with L. marginata, and both species are anatomically very similar and might be confused with each another. Some authors synonymize the two taxa." 171381,Euxinella radikae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Euxinella,radikae,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1973", 171382,Macrogastra asphaltina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,asphaltina,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171384,Oxychilus oppressus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,oppressus,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1877)","Oxychilus oppressus is reported for the whole of Sardinia and it is found in a vast variety of habitats, from extremely dry sand dunes to waste areas and also amongst halophile coastal vegetation, a few meters from the sea. Nevertheless, these records are based mainly upon shell characters that are known to not be extremely reliable in Oxychilidae. Thus, a thorough anatomical and molecular revision is highly recommended, and it would not be surprising if further research revealed a more complex situation within Sardinian Oxychilidae." 171385,Charpentieria incerta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,incerta,,,,,"(Küster, 1861)","The status of Charpentieria incerta is far from being completely clear. Its taxonomy is still lacking of a recent revision and its relationship with other Charpentieria subgenera (e.g. Stigmatica, Gibbularia etc) and species must be investigated yet." 171388,Tandonia sowerbyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,sowerbyi,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1823)", 171390,Arion fasciatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,fasciatus,,,,,"(Nilsson, 1823)","This species can be confused with the closely related A. circumscriptus Johnston, 1828 and A. silvaticus Lohmander, 1937. There are arguments for considering these two, or even all three, part of the same species (Geenen et al. 2006, Rowson et al. 2014)." 171391,Macedonica hartmuti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,hartmuti,,,,,"Irikov, 2003", 171392,Hypnophila zacynthia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,zacynthia,,,,,"(Roth, 1855)", 171393,Bulgarica hiltrudae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,hiltrudae,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1974",Welter-Schultes (2012) considers this species to be a synonym of B. fritillaria. This requires confirmation. 171395,Boettgeria jensi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Boettgeria,jensi,,,,,"Neubert & Groh, 1998", 171397,Ariunculus speziae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Ariunculus,speziae,,,,,"Lessona, 1881", 171398,Lampedusa lopadusae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Lampedusa,lopadusae,,,,,"(Calcara, 1846)","The are currently two accepted subspecies of Lampedusa lopadusae: L. lopadusae lopadusae from Lampedusa Island and L. lopadusae nodulosa from the Island of Lampione (Bank, 2013). The validity of this subspecific dichotomy must be verified by a taxonomical revision of the species, including both a morphological and a molecular approach." 171400,Spelaeodiscus dejongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEODISCIDAE,Spelaeodiscus,dejongi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1969", 171401,Vitrea spelaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,spelaea,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 171403,Oxychilus nortoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,nortoni,,,,,"(Calcara, 1843)", 171404,Hypnophila emiliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,emiliana,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1858)", 171405,Oxychilus egadiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,egadiensis,,,,,"Riedel, 1973", 171406,Oxychilus rateranus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,rateranus,,,,,"(Servain, 1880)", 171408,Charpentieria eminens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,eminens,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)","Charpentieria eminens was originally described by Schmidt (1868) as a subspecies of Charpentieria cressicostata. The species has been overlooked by Favilli et al. (1995). Nevertheless recently recognized as a valid species (Beckmann, 2004), its systematic and taxonomic status must be further evaluated." 171409,Cecilioides clessini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,clessini,,,,,"(von Maltzan, 1886)", 171410,Agathylla viperina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,viperina,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1901)", 171411,Medora lesinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,lesinensis,,,,,"(Küster, 1847)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Medora lesinensis dimorpha (Westerlund, 1881)
Medora lesinensis lesinensis (Kuster, 1847)

According to Nordsieck (1993) another synonym is Medora caesia Westerlund 1878." 171412,Cecilioides dalmatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,dalmatina,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1912)","This species is considered by Fauna Europea to be a synonym of C. veneta (Bank 2017), however, we maintain the species as valid pending a wider review of this problematic genus." 171414,Limax ciminensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,ciminensis,,,,,"Pollonera, 1890","Pollonera (1890) described Limax ciminensis from Monte Cimino (Viterbo, central Italy). Even though Bank (2017) lists the species in the European checklist, Manganelli et al. (1995) considered the species doubtful as it was described only on the basis of body colouration. The species has not been revised and more taxonomic research is needed." 171415,Macrogastra plicatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,plicatula,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 171416,Keraea deflorata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Keraea,deflorata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1855)","Walden (1983) considered that this species was described on the basis of an immature Trochulus striolatus (C. Pfeiffer 1828). The affiliation of the species to the genus Keraea Gude, 1911, is doubtful as well. Currently it is unclear whether this is a species in it own rights, or a synonym of T. striolatus." 171418,Amphorella gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,gracilis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1831)", 171419,Arion lusitanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,lusitanicus,,,,,"J. Mabille, 1868","It is important to note that the name A. lusitanicus has been incorrectly applied to an unrelated species, A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 that is now a widespread pest. The widespread species is still sometimes called ""A. lusitanicus auctt. non Mabille, 1868"" (e.g. Dreijers et al. 2013). This account concerns the true A. lusitanicus Mabille which is restricted to Portugal (Castillejo 1998, Quinteiro et al. 2005, Welter-Schultes 2012, Dreijers et al. 2013, Pfenninger et al. 2014, Rowson et al. 2014). Systematic and nomenclatural work by several authors are ongoing.

This species is a member of a group of large Arion species which have often been confused with one another, and sometimes require dissection for successful identification. These species include, amongst others;

A. ater (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. rufus (Linnaeus, 1758);
A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (=lusitanicus auctt. non Mabille);
A. lusitanicus Mabille, 1868;
A. flagellus Collinge, 1893." 171420,Albinaria virgo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,virgo,,,,,"(Mousson, 1854)", 171421,Lehmannia jaroslaviae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,jaroslaviae,,,,,"Grossu, 1967", 171424,Mediterranea montivaga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,montivaga,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1890)","The genus Mediterranea is sometimes used as a subgenus of Oxychilus." 171428,Troglovitrea argintarui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Troglovitrea,argintarui,,,,,"Negrea & A.Riedel, 1968", 171430,Albinaria scopulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,scopulosa,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)", 171434,Bulgarica cana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,cana,,,,,"(Held, 1836)",This species belongs to the subgenus Strigilecula. 171436,Limax erythrus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,erythrus,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1864", 171437,Allaegopis transiens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,transiens,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)", 171438,Mediterranea depressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,depressa,,,,,"(Sterki, 1880)", 171439,Vitrea minellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,minellii,,,,,"L. Pintér & Giusti, 1983",Vitrea minellii has been described upon shells and anatomical features (Pinter and Giusti 1981). Its shell closely resembles that of V. trolli and V. subrimata and can be distinguished only by virtue of small shell features. An anatomical comparison reveals to be hard to be performed as the knowledge of the anatomical features of the whole group is still scanty and insufficient. Thus the validity of the species need a revision work involving both a morphological and molecular approach. 171441,Zonites euboeicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,euboeicus,,,,,"Kobelt, 1878", 171443,Poiretia dilatata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPIRAXIDAE,Poiretia,dilatata,,,,,"(Philippi, 1836)","Poiretia dilatata is cleary distinguishable from other Poiretia species by virtue of both shell and anatomical features. The species is split in three subspecies geographically separated: nominal subspecies in southern mainland Italy and Sicily, P. dilatata peloponnesica in Peloponnese and P. dilatata marginata in Crete (Greece). The taxonomical validity of the three subspecies should be assessed with further investigations involving morphology and molecular techniques." 171444,Mediterranea serbica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,serbica,,,,,"(Riedel, 1969)", 171445,Oxychilus pityusanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,pityusanus,,,,,"Riedel, 1969", 171446,Charpentieria leucophryna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,leucophryna,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1862)","In Nordsieck (2002) Charpentieria leucophryna sensu Pfeiffer (1862) is considered as an intermediate form between C. tiberi and C. grohmanniana and is considered only provisionally as a valid species, thus in need of further taxonomic research. C. leucophryna sensu Boettger (1879) is closely related to C. crassicostata and probably refers to what Schmidt (1868) described as Clausilia eminens. Nordsieck (2002) selects and depicts a lectotype for both species in order to avoid taxonomic ambiguities. Charpentieria leucophryna belongs to group 1b as listed by Nordsieck (2002: 34)." 171447,Albinaria cristatella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,cristatella,,,,,"(Küster, 1861)", 171448,Macedonica thasia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,thasia,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1977", 171450,Zonites algirus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,algirus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 171451,Arion fuligineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,fuligineus,,,,,"Morelet, 1854", 171452,Montenegrina subcristata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,subcristata,,,,,"(Küster, 1847)","Nordsieck (2007, 2009) accepted only two valid subspecies, namely M. s. subcristata and M. s. wohlberedti. These ones differ primarily in the position of the lunella: subcristata has it ventrolaterally, whereas wohlberedti has it laterally. In this view, minor, interior and kleciaki are synonyms of the nominotypical form, whereas sublabiata and brunnea are synonyms of wohlberedti.

Fehér and Szekeres (2016) claim that the populations they studied were highly variable in the size and shape of the shell, as well as in the position and shape of the lunella, allowing no clear delineation of two (or more) morphotypes. Moreover, considerable morphological heterogeneity could sometimes be observed within the same museum lots, or between lots from the same localities. Therefore, with the present knowledge, Fehér and Szekeres (2016) find most appropriate classifying this diverse species without subspecific division." 171456,Albinaria jonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,jonica,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1866)", 171458,Limax vizzavonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,vizzavonensis,,,,,"Falkner & Nitz, 2010","Following Nitz et al. (2010), Limax vizzavonensis Falkner and Nitz, 2010 should be used as a replacement name for Limax minimus Pollonera, 1896 non Forsskal, 1775." 171459,Cryptella famarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Cryptella,famarae,,,,,"Hutterer & Groh, 1991", 171461,Gyralina hausdorfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,hausdorfi,,,,,"Riedel, 1990", 171464,Discocharopa aperta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Discocharopa,aperta,,,,,"(von Moellendorff, 1888)", 171465,Sciocochlea cryptica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Sciocochlea,cryptica,,,,,"Subai & Szekeres, 1999","Bank (2017) lists three subspecies, Sciocochlea cryptica cryptica Subai & Szekeres, 1999, Sciocochlea cryptica acheron A. & P.L. Reischütz, 2004, and Sciocochlea cryptica filiates A. & P.L. Reischütz, 2009. Another subspecies Sciocochlea cryptica harli A. & P.L. Reischütz & Szekeres, 2016 was recently described." 171468,Oxychilus perspectivus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,perspectivus,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1881)", 171469,Hypnophila bisacchii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,bisacchii,,,,,"Giusti, 1970",
 171470,Isabellaria clandestina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,clandestina,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1857)","Bank (2013) lists two subspecies: Isabellaria clandestina clandestina (Rossmässler, 1857) and Isabellaria clandestina subsuturalis (Westerlund, 1893)." 171472,Testacella scutulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TESTACELLIDAE,Testacella,scutulum,,,,,"G.B. Sowerby I, 1821", 171473,Hypnophila boissii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,boissii,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1851)", 171474,Oxychilus jugoslavica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,jugoslavica,,,,,"(Urbański, 1939)","Oxychilus jugoslavica was described by Urbanski (1939) from the area of St. Yoan Bigorski Monastery,  FYR Macedonia. The description of the species is based on shell characters only, and the anatomy of the species is unknown. In Bank (2013) the species is erroneously mentioned for Yugoslavia, including Serbia, Kosovo, Voivodina, and Montenegro but there are no records from those countries. The type specimens in the Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS in Warsaw, Poland are the only known representatives of the species (Riedel 2000). In the work of Riedel, Féher and Eross (1999), the authors speculate that the species, described by Urbanski (1939) as Retinella (Spelaeopatula) jugoslavica, much probably belongs to genus Oxychilus, but they also have not found, nor studied, additional samples (pers. comm.)." 171475,Atlantica ganoda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,ganoda,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1882)", 171476,Medora dalmatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,dalmatina,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:

Medora dalmatina aquila (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)
Medora dalmatina dalmatina (Rossmassler, 1835)
Medora dalmatina drasnicensis H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora dalmatina epidaurica (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)
Medora dalmatina gravida (Kuster, 1860)
Medora dalmatina josephinae H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora dalmatina latecostata H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora dalmatina leucopleura (Brusina, 1866)
Medora dalmatina matulici (Sturany, 1901)
Medora dalmatina montenegrina H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora dalmatina orthopleura (Westerlund, 1878)
Medora dalmatina schuetti H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora dalmatina vultur (Brancsik, 1906)

Nordsieck (2012) described M. dalmatina pollinensis from Calabria, which subspecies is overlooked or ignored by Bank (2013).

= corrugata L. Pfeiffer 1842
= attenuata Westerlund 1878
= marmorata Rossmassler 1834" 171477,Medora agnata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,agnata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1842)","According to the Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Medora agnata agnata (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
Medora agnata cognata (O. Boettger, 1877)
Medora agnata porcellanea (Westerlund, 1898)" 171481,Vitrea sporadica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,sporadica,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1978","Riedel (1992) discusses that this species might be conspecific with Vitrea argolica Riedel, 1962 and some other taxa described from Greece." 171482,Atlantica kompsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,kompsa,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1883)", 171484,Discus perspectivus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Discus,perspectivus,,,,,"(von Mühlfeld, 1816)", 171485,Gyralina nopcsai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,nopcsai,,,,,"A. Riedel, Fehér & Erőss, 1999", 171486,Gyralina mirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,mirabilis,,,,,"L. Pintér & A. Riedel, 1973", 171487,Delima latilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,latilabris,,,,,"(J.A. Wagner, 1829)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Delima) latilabris angusticollis (Kuster, 1876)
Delima (Delima) latilabris boettgeri H. Nordsieck, 1969
Delima (Delima) latilabris duarensis H. Nordsieck, 1969
Delima (Delima) latilabris latilabris (J.A. Wagner, 1829)
Delima (Delima) latilabris michahellis (Kuster, 1850)
Delima (Delima) latilabris opaca (Charpentier, 1852)
Delima (Delima) latilabris pachychila (Westerlund, 1878)
Delima (Delima) latilabris tenebrosa (Kuster, 1862)

There is a large range of synonyms to the species." 171490,Herilla illyrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Herilla,illyrica,,,,,"(Moellendorff, 1899)","Bank (2013) lists six subspecies: Herilla illyrica illyrica (Moellendorff, 1899), Herilla illyrica diabasis (A.J. Wagner, 1919), Herilla illyrica medorella H. Nordsieck, 1971, Herilla illyrica medoroides (A.J. Wagner, 1915), Herilla illyrica oribates (Sturany, 1909), and Herilla illyrica savnikensis H. Nordsieck, 1971." 171492,Lindbergia spiliaenymphis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,spiliaenymphis,,,,,"Riedel, 1959", 171494,Boettgeria exigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Boettgeria,exigua,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 171495,Macrogastra tumida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,tumida,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171497,Albinaria discolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,discolor,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 171498,Macedonica pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,pinteri,,,,,"Sajó, 1968", 171499,Cecilioides spelaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,spelaea,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914","This species is considered by Bank (2017) to be a synonym of C. veneta, however, we maintain the species as valid pending a wider review of this problematic genus." 171500,Schistophallus carotii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Schistophallus,carotii,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1878)","Anatomical studies on topotypical specimens of Hyalina fragrans (road from Scilla to Melia, Reggio Calabria, Italy) revealed a substantial concordance with Schistophallus carotii and thus the former taxon has been considered a junior synonym by Manganelli et al. (1988)." 171502,Amphorella mitriformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,mitriformis,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 171503,Aegopis croaticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,croaticus,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)", 171504,Albinaria evelynae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,evelynae,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1998", 171505,Triloba sandrii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Triloba,sandrii,,,,,"(Küster, 1844)", 171507,Poiretia cornea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPIRAXIDAE,Poiretia,cornea,,,,,"(Brumati, 1838)", 171509,Vitrea olympica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,olympica,,,,,"Riedel & Velkovrh, 1976", 171510,Vitrea meijeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,meijeri,,,,,"Maassen, 1998", 171512,Balcanodiscus cerberus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,cerberus,,,,,"Riedel, 1985", 171513,Arion distinctus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,distinctus,,,,,"J. Mabille, 1868", 171515,Gyralina mljetica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,mljetica,,,,,"(L. Pintér & Riedel, 1973)", 171518,Tandonia kusceri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,kusceri,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1931)", 171520,Tandonia fejervaryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,fejervaryi,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1929)", 171521,Balcanodiscus difficilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,difficilis,,,,,"Riedel, 1988", 171523,Allaegopis meridionalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,meridionalis,,,,,"Riedel, 1986",Fauna Europaea lists two subspecies A. m. meridionalis and A. m. pseudotransiens. 171525,Albinaria compressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,compressa,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)", 171526,Medora contracta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,contracta,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Medora contracta contracta (Rossmassler, 1842)
Medora contracta seriola (Westerlund, 1884)" 171528,Mentissa gracilicosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Mentissa,gracilicosta,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","Five subspecies have been described, however Baidashnikov (2006) regards variation among subpopulations as mainly determined by local environmental conditions." 171530,Retinella lenis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,lenis,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 171532,Paraegopis oberwimmeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Paraegopis,oberwimmeri,,,,,"Klemm, 1965", 171535,Limax squamosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,squamosus,,,,,"Bérenguier, 1900", 171536,Delima bilabiata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,bilabiata,,,,,"(J.A. Wagner, 1829)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Semirugata) bilabiata alschingeri (Charpentier, 1852)
Delima (Semirugata) bilabiata biasolettiana (Charpentier, 1852)
Delima (Semirugata) bilabiata bilabiata (J.A. Wagner, 1829)
Delima (Semirugata) bilabiata crassilabris (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Semirugata) bilabiata fasceolata (Westerlund, 1878)
Delima (Semirugata) bilabiata pharensis (Westerlund, 1884)
Delima (Semirugata) bilabiata tenella (Kuster, 1861)

There is a large range of synonyms to the species." 171537,Aegopis italicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,italicus,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1876)", 171540,Azeca goodalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Azeca,goodalli,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)", 171541,Oxychilus farinesianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,farinesianus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1870)","Altonaga (1988) and Altonaga and Puente (1991) considered O. farinesianus a junior synonym of O. cellarius. All localities assigned to Zonites farinesianus or Hyalina farinesiana in Spain by different authors, such as Hidalgo, Servain and Fagot (among others) belong to the species O. cellarius. Welter-Schultes et al. (2011) considered O. farinesianusa variety of O. draparnaudi, but Falkner et al. (2002) recognized it as a valid species." 171542,Charpentieria paestana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,paestana,,,,,"(Philippi, 1836)", 171544,Dilataria boettgeriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Dilataria,boettgeriana,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1878)", 171546,Carinigera torifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,torifera,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1885)", 171547,Oxychilus draparnaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,draparnaudi,,,,,"(H. Beck, 1837)",This species has a large number of synonymised names. 171548,Oxychilus pilula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,pilula,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)","In respect to other Tyrrhenian Oxychilus, O. pilula is well characterized by its Retinella-like shell. Anatomically it shares characters with Oxychilus s.str.: penis with flagellum and internal ornamentation of penis consisting of pleats and rows of papillae. Its nearest species is O. cellarius, but it differs from it by virtue of the 10-12 rows of polygonal papillae in the inner penial complex." 171549,Oxychilus minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,minor,,,,,"Riedel, 1964", 171552,Ariunculus isselii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Ariunculus,isselii,,,,,"(Lessona & Pollonera, 1882)",Ariunculus isselii is the only native Arionidae species in Sardinia. Pollonera (1890:32) introduced the subgenus Ichnusarion based upon anatomical (genital) features. The validity of Ichnusarion must be confirmed with further taxonomic investigation. 171553,Aegopinella nitidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Aegopinella,nitidula,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 171554,Milax ochraceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Milax,ochraceus,,,,,"(Bérenguier, 1900)", 171555,Clausilia pumila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,pumila,,,,,"C. Pfeiffer, 1828", 171556,Agathylla regularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,regularis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1861)", 171557,Euconulus callopisticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Euconulus,callopisticus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1880)", 171558,Albinaria profuga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,profuga,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)", 171559,Tandonia cretica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,cretica,,,,,"(Simroth, 1884)","The distribution of the species is in doubt, mainly because the material used to identify the species was comprised of immature individuals (Vardinoyannis 1994, Wiktor 2001)." 171560,Balea heydeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Balea,heydeni,,,,,"von Maltzan, 1881","von Proschwitz (2010) suggested that B. sarsii from Norway was conspecific with B. heydenni, after having analysed materials from the presumed type locality (western Norway: Sogn og Fjordane, Florø)." 171561,Tsoukatosia liae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,liae,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2000", 171563,Albinaria pelocarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,pelocarinata,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1994", 171564,Limacus flavus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limacus,flavus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species is vulnerable to confusion with Limax maculatus Kaleniczenko, 1851, which is sometimes referred to as Limax ecarinatus Boettger, 1881, and is suspected of being able to hybridize with it (Rowson et al. 2014)." 171565,Vitrea siveci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,siveci,,,,,"Riedel & Velkovrh, 1976", 171566,Vitrea gasulli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,gasulli,,,,,"Riedel & Paul, 1978", 171567,Tandonia albanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,albanica,,,,,"(Soós, 1924)", 171568,Troglaegopis mosorensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Troglaegopis,mosorensis,,,,,"(Kuščer, 1933)", 171569,Papillifera solida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Papillifera,solida,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","Five subspecies have been described: Papillifera solida solida (Draparnaud, 1805), Papillifera solida deburghiae (Paulucci, 1878), Papillifera solida diabolina H. Nordsieck, 2013, Papillifera solida caietana (Rossmässler, 1842) and Papillifera solida pseudobidens H. Nordsieck, 2013." 171571,Gibbulinella dewinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gibbulinella,dewinteri,,,,,"Bank, Groh & Ripken, 2002","There is a strong need for a revision of the genus Gibbulinella. It is yet not clear if all island populations are conspecific, and hence genetic and anatomic studies are necessary. Alone on La Palma are three different species known to exist, one of them under description." 171572,Macedonica pindica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,pindica,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2002", 171573,Tandonia totevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,totevi,,,,,"(Wiktor, 1975)", 171574,Gyralina velkovrhi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,velkovrhi,,,,,"Riedel, 1985", 171575,Isabellaria saxicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,saxicola,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","Bank (2013) lists eight subspecies: Isabellaria saxicola saxicola (L. Pfeiffer, 1848), Isabellaria saxicola aperta (Küster, 1861), Isabellaria saxicola charpentieri (L. Pfeiffer, 1849), Isabellaria saxicola limbatula H. Nordsieck, 1993, Isabellaria saxicola lunellaris (L. Pfeiffer, 1849), Isabellaria saxicola negropontina (L. Pfeiffer, 1849), Isabellaria saxicola suturalis (Küster, 1861), and Isabellaria saxicola thessala (O. Boettger, 1886)." 171576,Lehmannia vrancensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,vrancensis,,,,,"Lupu, 1973",Sysoev and Schileyko (2009) consider this species to be a synonym of L. jaroslaviae. 171577,Paraegopis skipetaricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Paraegopis,skipetaricus,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914","Riedel (1978) and Dhora and Welter-Schultes (1996) remarked that this species was in need of taxonomic revision, but Welter-Schultes (2012) lists it as a valid species. Bank (2017) accepts the species but questions the generic placement." 171578,Macrogastra ventricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,ventricosa,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 171579,Protoherilla pseudofallax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Protoherilla,pseudofallax,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1972)", 171580,Limax albipes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,albipes,,,,,"Dumont & Mortillet, 1853","Brandstätter and Kapp (2014) reviewed this species and found it to be restricted to the French Alps, with records from other areas referred to other Limax taxa." 171581,Mentissella rebeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Mentissella,rebeli,,,,,"(Sturany, 1897)", 171582,Vitrea kiliasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,kiliasi,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1972",Some material from Greece are very similar to this species. 171584,Alopia lischkeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,lischkeana,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)","According to Fehér et al. (2013) Alopia lischkeana has the following subspecies;

A. lischkeana boettgeri (M. Kimakowicz, 1883)
A. lischkeana cybaea (M. Kimakowicz, 1894)
A. lischkeana galbina R. Kimakowicz, 1943
A. lischkeana lischkeana (Charpentier, 1852)
A. lischkeana livens (E.A. Bielz, 1853), and
A. lischkeana sarkanyi Szekeres, 2007." 171586,Medora almissana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,almissana,,,,,"(Küster, 1847)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Medora almissana almissana (Kuster, 1847)
Medora almissana mariae H. Nordsieck, 1970
Medora almissana schmidti H. Nordsieck, 1970" 171591,Clausilia bidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,bidentata,,,,,"(Strøm, 1765)", 171592,Carinigera stussineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,stussineri,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1885)", 171594,Oxychilus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,atlanticus,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)", 171595,Charpentieria ferrox,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,ferrox,,,,,"(R.A. Brandt, 1961)","Charpentieria ferrox is considered by Nordsieck (2002: 34) only ""provisionally"" as a valid species as more taxonomical research is needed. The species is not listed within both of the two morphological groups he introduced (2002:34) as its shell presents different features that discriminate it from all the remaining species in the genus." 171596,Limax conemenosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,conemenosi,,,,,"O. Boettger, 1882", 171597,Montenegrina zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,zilchi,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1974", 171598,Isabellaria riedeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Isabellaria,riedeli,,,,,"R.A. Brandt, 1961","Bank (2013) lists two subspecies: Isabellaria riedeli riedeli R. Brandt, 1961 and Isabellaria riedeli distanta Szekeres, 1999." 171599,Protoherilla baleiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Protoherilla,baleiformis,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1909)", 171600,Limax bielzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,bielzii,,,,,"Seibert, 1874","More research is needed to clarify the taxonomy and systematics of the species (Welter-Schultes, 2012) and its systematic position within the whole Limax group." 171601,Allaegopis kerketianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,kerketianus,,,,,"A. Riedel, 1993", 171603,Arion vejdowskyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,vejdowskyi,,,,,"Babor & Kostal, 1893",The species is also frequently spelt (and apparently originally described as) Arion vejdovskyi (or 'Arion vejdovskýi') Babor and Košťál (1893).
The status of the species is uncertain (Welter-Schultes 2012). 171606,Gyralina gyralinaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,gyralinaeformis,,,,,"(Riedel & Velkovrh, 1976)", 171607,Charpentieria vulcanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,vulcanica,,,,,"(Benoit, 1860)", 171608,Albinaria grayana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,grayana,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 171609,Geomalacus anguiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Geomalacus,anguiformis,,,,,"(Morelet, 1845)", 171613,Tandonia lagostana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,lagostana,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1940)","Wiktor (1987) considered that this species may be conspecific with T. totevi, however there is no relationship between both species (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2017)." 171614,Limax millipunctatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,millipunctatus,,,,,"Pini, 1885","As many of the species belonging to genus Limax, also L. millipunctatus needs a taxonomical revision, since it has been described upon external appearance only (Pini 1885; Giusti et al. 1995)." 171615,Alopia glorifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,glorifica,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)","According to Fehér et al. (2013) Alopia glorifica has the following subspecies: A. glorifica deceptans Deli and Szekeres, 2011, A. glorifica elegantissima Nordsieck, 1977, A. glorifica glorifica Charpentier, 1852, A. glorifica intercedens A. Schmidt, 1857, A. glorifica magnifica R. Kimakowicz, 1962, A. glorifica subita M. Kimakowicz, 1894, and A. glorifica vranceana Grossu, 1967." 171616,Albinaria cytherae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,cytherae,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1894)", 171618,Agathylla exarata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,exarata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 171619,Daudebardia parvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Daudebardia,parvula,,,,,"Grossu, 1969",According to Welter-Schultes (2012) this taxon is a synonym of Daudebardia langi. 171621,Xerotricha garachicoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,garachicoensis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 171624,Cochlodina kuesteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,kuesteri,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","Nordsieck (1969) described the subspecies C. kuesteri sassariensis upon material kept in the Senckenberg Museum (Frankfurt a. Main, Germany). Later, Giusti et al. (1995) did not mention this taxon in their check list. Bank (2013) considered the subspecies valid. Cochlodina meisenriana (Shuttleworth 1843), once considered as junior synonym of C. kuesteri, is endemic to the Island of Corsica (Bank 2013). C. kuesteri shows a remarkable variability as regards shell shape and features and is in a strong need of revision." 171626,Cecilioides bourguignatiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,bourguignatiana,,,,,"(Benoit, 1862)","The validity of this species must be evaluated with further taxonomic researches. In addition, the assignment of this taxon to the genus Cecilioides is also questionable, as based upon shell features only, in a group that shows high shell variability. A more appropriate genus for this nominal taxon could also be Hohenwartiana. This taxon belong to group of congeneric (?) species described by Benoit (1862) and in a strong need to be taxonomically revised. Beckmann and Falkner (2003: 38) stated that they had not any (topo)typical material to compare the specimens to them available and thus any taxonomical decision is postponed." 171628,Tandonia macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,macedonica,,,,,"(Rähle, 1974)", 171630,Spelaeodiscus unidentatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEODISCIDAE,Spelaeodiscus,unidentatus,,,,,"Bole, 1961","Páll-Gergely et al. (2018) described a new subspecies: Spelaeodiscus unidentatus ssp. acutus Páll-Gergely & Fehér, ssp. n., from northern Albania." 171634,Spinophallus uminskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Spinophallus,uminskii,,,,,"(Riedel, 1960)", 171635,Oxychilus requienii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,requienii,,,,,"(Moquin-Tandon, 1855)","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilus in Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed).

The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of these proposed species." 171636,Arion intermedius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,intermedius,,,,,"Normand, 1852", 171637,Gigantomilax majoricensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Gigantomilax,majoricensis,,,,,"(Heynemann, 1863)","The re-descripcion of Gigantomilax majoricensis Heynemann, 1863 made by Wiktor et al. (2007) corresponds to Gigantomilax benjaminus Borredà & Martínez-Ortí, 2008 (Borredà and Martínez-Ortí 2008, 2010).

Some localities from Minorca and Majorca given by Wiktor et al. (2007) for Gigantomilax majoricensis require confirmation." 171639,Cryptella canariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Cryptella,canariensis,,,,,"Webb & Berthelot, 1833", 171640,Delima semirugata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,semirugata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","According to the Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Semirugata) semirugata blaui (Moellendorff, 1873)
Delima (Semirugata) semirugata obesa (L. Pfeiffer, 1861)
Delima (Semirugata) semirugata semirugata (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Semirugata) semirugata vibex (Rossmassler, 1839)

There is a large range of synonyms of this species." 171641,Carpathica insularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,insularis,,,,,"Riedel & Mylonas, 1988", 171642,Euconulus trochiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Euconulus,trochiformis,,,,,"(Montagu, 1803)","In general, the Euconulus “group” needs research work, as whilst there are four species officially listed for Europe, most countries only recognise two species, formerly known as Euconulus fulvus and Euconulus alderi in their lists and distribution maps. According to Falkner et al. (2002) Euconulus trochiformis = Euconulus alder, however others don’t recognise this synonymy: e.g. Welter-Schultes still lists E. alderi as a separate species. The recent review paper on Montagu types by Oliver et al. (2017) failed to locate the types of Euconulus trochiformis so the question cannot be resolved by the study of the original types of Euconulus trochiformis to confirm that it is the oldest name and Euconulus alderi should be considered a synonym. It is still not impossible that Euconulus trochiformis = E. fulvus although the habitats mean it’s more likely E. alderi.

This species was mainly recorded throughout the world under the name of Euconulus alderi (Gray), and you will see there are records using this species name from North America, so it may not be a European endemic species, although no one has undertaken a comparison of North American and European Euconulus specimens." 171643,Albinaria idyllica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,idyllica,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger, 1987)", 171644,Oxychilus scoliura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,scoliura,,,,,"Frias Martins, 1989", 171645,Doraegopis parnonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Doraegopis,parnonicus,,,,,"Riedel, 1982", 171646,Vitrea selecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,selecta,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1972", 171647,Aegopinella forcarti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Aegopinella,forcarti,,,,,"A. Riedel, 1983", 171648,Oxychilus adjaciensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,adjaciensis,,,,,"(Caziot, 1903)","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilus in Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed). The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution and ecology of these proposed species." 171649,Charpentieria nobilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,nobilis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","Charpentiera nobilis episoma Brandt, 1961 is now considered a junior synonym of the nominal subspecies by Nordsieck (2004) and Bank (2013)." 171650,Laciniaria plicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Laciniaria,plicata,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 171652,Limax cinereoniger,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,cinereoniger,,,,,"Wolf, 1803","This species is vulnerable to confusion with other Limax species, especially in the south of its range. In their paper on alpine Limax, Nitz et al. (2009) did not find any type material nor specimens which could correspond to Ferrussac's description Limax alpinus Ferrussac, 1822 and so designated a Neotype, and then followed Germain's opinion which considered the species described by Ferrussac as a synonym of Limax cinereoniger. Limax alpinus Ferrussac, 1822 is not included in the French Checklist (Gargominy et al. 2011) nor by Welter-Schultes (2012)." 171653,Limax corsicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,corsicus,,,,,"Moquin-Tandon, 1855","Falkner et al. (2002; see also Falkner et al. 1999, Falkner and Falkner 2002) and Nitz et al. (2010) started to revise the Limax complex from Corsica, with redefinitions of previously valid species and recognition of at least three new species still to be described. The species here assessed does not correspond to Limax corsicus s.st. but to the corsicus-complex as defined by Nitz et al. (2010)." 171655,Lehmannia melitensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,melitensis,,,,,"(Lessona & Pollonera, 1882)","Giusti (1968) described Lehmannia caprai from the Island of Gorgona, which was later assigned to be a junior synonym of L. melitensis. Nevertheless, Lehmannia melitensis as well as the whole genus needs a thorough taxonomical revision.
" 171657,Lehmannia rupicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,rupicola,,,,,"Lessona & Pollonera, 1882", 171658,Bulgarica pseudofraudigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,pseudofraudigera,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1973", 171661,Vitrea illyrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,illyrica,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1907)", 171662,Vestia roschitzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Vestia,roschitzi,,,,,"(Brancsik, 1890)", 171665,Gyralina korabensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,korabensis,,,,,"(Riedel, 1970)", 171668,Idyla pelobsoleta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Idyla,pelobsoleta,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1993","Nordsieck (2016) considers this species to be a subspecies of I. bicristata (Rossmässler, 1839)." 171669,Carinigera eximia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,eximia,,,,,"(Moellendorff, 1873)", 171671,Aegopinella nitens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Aegopinella,nitens,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)", 171672,Meledella werneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Meledella,werneri,,,,,"Sturany, 1908", 171673,Macrogastra borealis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,borealis,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171674,Arion nobrei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,nobrei,,,,,"Pollonera, 1889", 171675,Hohenwartiana aradasiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Hohenwartiana,aradasiana,,,,,"(Benoit, 1862)","Welter-Schultes (2012) doubts whether H. aradasiana from Sicily represents a separate species: ""Giusti (1973) analysed genitalia and radula of specimens from northern Italy and Lipari Island (northern Sicily) and found almost no differences except for a smaller fungiform papilla and a shorter pedunculus of the male part of genitalia [Guisti] argued that two species H. aradasiana and H. hohenwartiana were found in Sicily, but did not explain how to distinguish them and did not report the diagnostic features for the shells""." 171677,Carinigera praestans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,praestans,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1893)", 171678,Muticaria syracusana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Muticaria,syracusana,,,,,"(Philippi, 1836)","Muticaria syracusana is the first Muticaria species described from mainland Sicily (Locus Typicus: Siracusa). Since Colomba et al. (2010) published their contribution, the species was thought to occupy a wide area comprehensive of the entire Iblean limestone platform (SW Sicily). Recent molecular and morphological studies (Colomba et al. 2010, Colomba et al. 2012) proved that M. syracusana has a more restricted areal, limited to the coast areas of the province of Siracusa, approximately from Brucoli in the north to Avola-Lido di Noto in the south. They did not provide unfortunately any locality list or map. The inland territories of the Iblean Peninsula seem to be inhabited by a different species, M. neuteboomi, which was previously thought to be a very restricted taxon." 171679,Bielzia coerulans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Bielzia,coerulans,,,,,"(Bielz, 1851)", 171685,Oxychilus amblyopus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,amblyopus,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1869)","The taxonomic identity of O. amblyopus, which was never illustrated, is a mystery (Falkner et al. 2002). Mabille described Zonites amblyopus from Corsica (without further precision) in 1869 and Locard, based on a sample label and manuscript by Bourguignat, described Hyalina amblyopa from Brest in 1894. Both species seem to have been described based on the same specimen (Falkner et al. 2002). Later Germain (1931), considered H. amblyopa Locard, a junior synonym of O. allarius, and Z. amblyopus Mabille a synonym of O. blauneri. Finally, a sample of Oxychilus sp., composed of six specimens and collected by Réal and Réal-Testud (1988) in Aleria (Corsica) was assigned to O. amblyopus by Falkner et al. (2012).
" 171687,Oxychilus anjana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,anjana,,,,,"Altonaga, 1986", 171688,Cryptella auriculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Cryptella,auriculata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 171691,Vitrea thasia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,thasia,,,,,"A. Riedel & P.L. Reischütz, 1983", 171694,Poiretia delesserti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPIRAXIDAE,Poiretia,delesserti,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1852)", 171695,Carpathica bielawskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,bielawskii,,,,,"Riedel, 1963", 171696,Allaegopis skanderbegianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,skanderbegianus,,,,,"(Poliński, 1924)","According to Fauna Europea A. polinskii Urbanski, 1939 and A. ljubetinensis S.H.F. Jaeckel, 1954 are junior synonyms. This species has widely been misspelt ""skandergianus""." 171697,Virpazaria deelemanorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,deelemanorum,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1975","According to Gittenberger (2015) two subspecies have been identified: V. d. deelmanorum Gittenberger, 1975, and V. deelmanorum dhorai Reischütz, 2010." 171700,Oxychilus tomlini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,tomlini,,,,,"(Smith, 1905)", 171702,Vitrea mikuskai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,mikuskai,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1977", 171703,Idyla castalia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Idyla,castalia,,,,,"(Roth, 1856)", 171704,Herilla jabucica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Herilla,jabucica,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1907)","Bank (2013) lists three subspecies: Herilla jabucica jabucica (O. Boettger, 1907), Herilla jabucica excedens O. Boettger, 1909, and Herilla jabucica interrupta H. Nordsieck, 1971." 171705,Carinigera drenovoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,drenovoensis,,,,,"(R.A. Brandt, 1961)", 171706,Gyralina velasensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,velasensis,,,,,"Riedel & Subai, 1991", 171707,Allaegopis amphikypellon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,amphikypellon,,,,,"Riedel, 1982", 171708,Gyralina sattmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,sattmanni,,,,,"Riedel, 1990", 171709,Oxychilus shuttleworthianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,shuttleworthianus,,,,,"(Pini, 1883)","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilusin Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed). The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution and ecology of these proposed species." 171711,Cochlodina fimbriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,fimbriata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 171713,Vitrea clessini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,clessini,,,,,"(P. Hesse, 1882)", 171714,Poiretia compressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPIRAXIDAE,Poiretia,compressa,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)", 171715,Strigilodelima conspersa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Strigilodelima,conspersa,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)", 171716,Carinigera buresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,buresi,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)", 171718,Montenegrina perstriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,perstriata,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1919)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina perstriata drimica Nordsieck, 1972
Montenegrina perstriata callistoma Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina perstriata diminuta Fehér & Szekeres, 1999
Montenegrina perstriata radikae Nordsieck, 1972
Montenegrina perstriata subcristatula Nordsieck, 1977
Montenegrina perstriata occidentalis Nordsieck, 1977
Montenegrina perstriata plenostoma Fehér & Szekeres, 1999
Montenegrina perstriata steffeki Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina perstriata mavrovoensis Nordsieck, 2009
Montenegrina perstriata tenebrosa Nordsieck, 2009
Montenegrina perstriata ochridensis (Wagner, 1925)" 171720,Malacolimax kostalii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Malacolimax,kostalii,,,,,"Babor, 1900","It is unclear how distinct this species is from M. tenellus and M. mrazeki, and further research is required to verify this. Reischütz (2000) describes a ""gland-like swelling"" at the beginning of vas deferens as the delimiting trait for this species. Other authors do not mention it (e.g. Welter-Schultes 2012, Horsák et al. 2013)." 171721,Vitrea neglecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,neglecta,,,,,"Damjanov & L. Pintér, 1969", 171722,Carinigera septima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,septima,,,,,"R.A. Brandt, 1962", 171726,Montenegrina rugilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,rugilabris,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina rugilabris lambdaformis Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990
Montenegrina rugilabris welterschultesi Fehér & Szekeres, 1999
Montenegrina rugilabris gregoi Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina rugilabris irmengardis Klemm, 1962
Montenegrina rugilabris edmundi Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina rugilabris golikutensis Fehér & Szekeres, 2016." 171727,Bulgarica stolii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,stolii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1859)", 171729,Oxychilus ornatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,ornatus,,,,,"Riedel, 1964", 171730,Balea perversa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Balea,perversa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 171731,Albinaria campylauchen,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,campylauchen,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)", 171732,Albinaria arcadica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,arcadica,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171733,Limax ianninii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,ianninii,,,,,"Giusti, 1973", 171734,Inchoatia haussknechti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Inchoatia,haussknechti,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1886)", 171736,Oxychilus nautiliformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,nautiliformis,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 171737,Albinaria butoti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,butoti,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1984)", 171738,Amphorella triticea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,triticea,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 171739,Amphorella oryza,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,oryza,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 171740,Oxychilus clarus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,clarus,,,,,"(Held, 1838)", 171744,Oxychilus alicurensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,alicurensis,,,,,"(Benoit, 1857)", 171745,Charpentieria crassicostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,crassicostata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)","Charpentieria (Siciliaria) crassicostata belongs to the group 1 nobilis-calcarae sensu Nordsieck (2002) and, in particular to group 1a, characterized by the palatal edge of the clausilium plate not upbent. This grouping has been accepted also by Beckmann (2004)." 171746,Delima binotata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,binotata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","According to Bank (2013), accepted subspecies are:
Delima (Delima) binotata binotata (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Delima) binotata consentanea (A. Schmidt, 1868)
Delima (Delima) binotata gastrolepta (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Delima) binotata hercegovinae (Moellendorff, 1873)
Delima (Delima) binotata satura (Rossmassler, 1836)
Delima (Delima) binotata saturella H. Nordsieck, 1969
Delima (Delima) binotata schlotteri Brancsik, 1890

There is a large range of synonyms to the species." 171749,Drusia valenciennii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Drusia,valenciennii,,,,,"Webb & Van Beneden, 1836",This species was moved to the genus Drusia by Martínez–Ortí and Borredà (2012). The identity of this species with respect to D. deshayesii requires confirmation. 171750,Mentissa velutina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Mentissa,velutina,,,,,"Baidashnikov, 1990", 171751,Boettgeria lowei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Boettgeria,lowei,,,,,"(Albers, 1852)", 171752,Montenegrina janinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,janinensis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)","Based mainly on their small shell size, originally several non-related Montenegrina taxa were described as subspecies of M. janinensis. These include M. soosi Erőss and Szekeres, 2006, and some subspecies currently classified with M. attemsi, M. dofleini, M. grammica, M, hiltrudae, M. sporadica, and M. tomorosi." 171755,Boettgeria deltostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Boettgeria,deltostoma,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 171759,Bulgarica mystica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,mystica,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1893)", 171760,Limax punctulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,punctulatus,,,,,"Sordelli, 1870", 171762,Arion lizarrustii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,lizarrustii,,,,,"Garrido, Castillejo & Iglesias, 1995","According to B. Rowson (pers. comm. 2016) this species is very difficult to distinguish from the closely related A. subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805); A. fuscus (O.F. Muller, 1774); A. irati Garrido, Castillejo and Iglesias, 1995; and A. molinae Garrido, Castillejo and Iglesias, 1995. Even behavioral observations and dissections may be insufficient. More research on the three Garrido et al. (1995) species is required to clarify their distinctness, and their Red List statuses should arguably be considered provisional until then." 171763,Oxychilus diductus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,diductus,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)", 171764,Lehmannia valentiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Lehmannia,valentiana,,,,,"(Férussac, 1822)","This species is somewhat vulnerable to confusion with other species, notably L. nyctelia Bourguignat, 1861." 171765,Allaegopis corcyrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Allaegopis,corcyrensis,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)", 171768,Albinaria argynnis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,argynnis,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1898)", 171769,Vestia elata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Vestia,elata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171770,Albinaria adrianae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,adrianae,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1979", 171776,Tandonia bosnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,bosnensis,,,,,"Wiktor, 1986",The species is clearly distinguishable from other Tandonia species by virtue of its extremely long spermatheca and some peculiar detail of the genital morphology. Tandonia bosnensis does not present any taxonomical issue. 171777,Albinaria ithomensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,ithomensis,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1978", 171779,Macedonica marginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,marginata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 171780,Bulgarica bulgariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,bulgariensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)", 171781,Strigilodelima pentheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Strigilodelima,pentheri,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1919)", 171783,Aegopinella cisalpina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Aegopinella,cisalpina,,,,,"Riedel, 1983", 171784,Oxychilus batalhanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,batalhanus,,,,,"de Winter, 1989", 171785,Carpathica calophana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Carpathica,calophana,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1881)", 171786,Delima amoena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,amoena,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","According to Fauna Europaea (Bank 2013) accepted subspecies are:

Delima (Delima) amoena amoena (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)
Delima (Delima) amoena smokvicensis (A.J. Wagner, 1915)
Delima (Delima) amoena substricta (Charpentier, 1852)" 171787,Hypnophila incerta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,incerta,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1858)", 171802,Brachydiplax yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachydiplax,yunnanensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","Brachydiplax yunnanensis is stated (Fraser 1924) to differ from Brachydiplax sobrina (Rambur, 1842) in subtle details of the structure of its accessory genitalia. There is a need to re-examine this species; possibly the stated differences merely represent geographical variation in B. sobrina." 171804,Scabies nucleus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Scabies,nucleus,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","
" 171806,Solenaia emarginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Solenaia,emarginata,,,,,"(Lea, 1860)","
" 171807,Solenaia khwaenoiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Solenaia,khwaenoiensis,,,,,"Panha & Deein, 2003", 171815,Scaphula pinna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,ARCIDA,ARCIDAE,Scaphula,pinna,,,,,"Benson, 1856", 171817,Brachidontes arcuatulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Brachidontes,arcuatulus,,,,,"Hanley, 1844","
" 171818,Limnoperna fortunei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Limnoperna,fortunei,,,,,"Dunker, 1857","
" 171825,Chamberlainia hainesiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Chamberlainia,hainesiana,,,,,"Lea, 1856", 171826,Cristaria tenuis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cristaria,tenuis,,,,,"(Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)","Simpson (1900) and Haas (1969) placed the species in Cristaria (Pletholophus). Dang et al. (1980) used Pletholophus as a genus name.

Lea (1870:74) in his 4th edition of his Synopsis listed:-
Margaron (Dipsas) discoideus Lea and included Anodonta tenuis Gray as a junior synonym.

This is the way the synonymy has stood until Petit and Coan (2008) reviewed all of the taxa described by Gray in Griffiths and Pidgeon. Petit and Coan (2008:229) point out the date of publication of the figure for Unio tenuis Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon was 1833, mentioned as Anodon tenuis Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon 1834:595 and again as Unio tenuis 1834: 601 citing the same figure. Petit and Coan note that Unio tenuis will have priority over the later name discoidea Lea, 1834. The correct name for Cristaria discoidea will have to be changed to Cristaria tenuis (Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833). This case does not meet the requirements of the Code 23.9 for usage and the older name has priority and must prevail." 171830,Diaurora aurorea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Diaurora,aurorea,,,,,"Heude, 1883", 171832,Ensidens ingallsianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ensidens,ingallsianus,,,,,"Lea, 1852","Haas (1969) recognized the species as valid. Brandt (1974) recognized a nominal subspecies (Ensidens ingallsianus ingallsianus (Lea, 1852)) and a restricted subspecies E. i. dugasti (Morlet, 1892) in Thailand." 171833,Ensidens sagittarius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ensidens,sagittarius,,,,,"Lea, 1856","Haas (1969) recognized this as a valid species but Brandt (1974) lumped this as a junior synonym of Ensidens ingallsianus. It is taxonomically uncertain." 171835,Harmandia munensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Harmandia,munensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 171848,Lamprotula salaputium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,salaputium,,,,,"von Martens, 1902","Haas (1969) recognized it as a valid species of Lamprotula. Dang et al. (1980) does not recognize this species." 171856,Oxynaia gladiator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Oxynaia,gladiator,,,,,"(Ancey, 1881)","Oxynaia (often cited as Nodularia) gladiator (Anceyi, 1881) seems to often be considered a form of Oxynaia pugio (Benson, 1862), i.e. as Oxynaia pugio gladiator. O. gladiator has only been described from the region of 'Tonkin' (lower Red River drainage; Vietnam-China-Lao PDR). From that region, shells  have also been described as O. pugio (Nodularia pugio) (see database MUSSELp). O. pugio seems to occur in Myanmar and adjacent India.
 
O. gladiator is considered a valid species in recent literature (e.g. Dang et al. 1980), but van Damme (pers. comm 2011) did not find any references of specimens collected after the 19th Century. The species has also recently been considered (Dang et al. 1980) as a synonym of Oxynaia micheloti Morelet, 1886, following an early opinion of Haas taken over by Prashad (1932)). However this raises the question of which is the senior name as gladiator was described in 1881 by Ancey and micheloti in 1886 by Morelet. Most specimens of Oxynaia collected in 'Tonkin' are indeed labelled as A. micheloti (van Damme pers. comm. 2011; see MUSSELp)
 
Further work is required to confirm if the species is valid. The fact that shells from 'Tonkin' have also been identified as O. pugio shows how morphologically close gladiator and pugio are." 171860,Parreysia humilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,humilis,,,,,"Lea, 1866","

The genera of freshwater bivalves in southeast Asia in this group are confused, with three genera initially identified;

Radiatula, type species:Unio crispisulcatus: Myanmar (Pegu), India (Assam, Sikkim) (Haas 1969)

Parreysia type species: Unio multidentatus, a synonym of Parryesia corrugata (Mueller, 1774): southeast Asia (Haas, 1969)

Indonaia type species: Unio caeruleus: India (Assam), Myanmar, Thailand (Haas 1969)

This was modified by Haas (1969), who split Parreysia into multiple subgenera including Parreysia, with Radiatula included as synonym.

Brandt (1974) recognized both Parryesia and Indonaia as separate genera and considered Indonaia humilis as a good species separate from I. caeruleus, the type species.

Subba Rao (1989) recognized Parreysia and included two subgenera, Parreysia and Radiatula, with Indonaia as a synonym following Haas (1969b).

Whelan et al. (2011) recently separated Radiatula from Parreysia because, in a very limited sample, phylogenetic analysis put them on disparate branches. Both Indonaia pilata (Lea, 1866) and this species has been considered synonyms of Indonaia caerulea by some, but this is considered erroneous by Brandt (1974). Graf and Cummiongs (2011) place the species in Radiatula and the correct placement of the species requires confirmation." 171861,Parreysia pecten,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,pecten,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)","

The species was not listed by Haas (1969), and is not in Subba Rao 1989, however it was recognized by Simpson (1914) and kept in Nodularia where it was described. From the original figure it belongs in Parreysia (A. Bogan, pers. comm. 2011).

" 171863,Parreysia substriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,substriata,,,,,"Lea, 1856","The species has a complex taxonomic history and has been assessed here as Indonaia substriata, however the species is considered valid by some as Parreysia substriata Lea, 1856, and as Radiatula substriata Lea, 1856. Brandt (1974) considered the species distinct from Indonaia caerulea based on morphological characteristics.

The genera of freshwater bivalves in southeast Asia in this group are confused, with three genera initially identified;

Radiatula, type species:Unio crispisulcatus: Myanmar (Pegu), India (Assam, Sikkim) (Haas 1969)

Parreysia type species: Unio multidentatus, a synonym of Parryesia corrugata (Mueller, 1774): southeast Asia (Haas 1969)

Indonaia type species: Unio caeruleus: India (Assam), Myanmar, Thailand (Haas 1969)

This was modified by Haas (1969), who split Parreysia into multiple subgenera including Parreysia, with Radiatula included as synonym.

Brandt (1974) recognized both Parryesia and Indonaia as separate genera and considered Indonaia humilis as a good species separate from I. caeruleus, the type species.

Subba Rao (1989) recognized Parreysia and included two subgenera, Parreysia and Radiatula, with Indonaia as a synonym following Haas (1969).

Whelan et al. (2011) recently separated Radiatula from Parreysia because, in a very limited sample, phylogenetic analysis put them on disparate branches. Both Indonaia pilata (Lea, 1866) and this species has been considered synonyms of Indonaia caerulea by some, but this is considered erroneous by Brandt (1974). Graf and Cummiongs (2011) place the species in Radiatula and the correct placement of the species requires confirmation." 171866,Physunio eximius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,eximius,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)",
171867,Physunio inornatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,inornatus,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)", 171869,Physunio micropterus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,micropterus,,,,,"(Morelet, 1866)",
171870,Physunio modelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,modelli,,,,,"Brandt, 1974",Further taxonomic work is required on this under-studied species. 171875,Pilsbryoconcha lemeslei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pilsbryoconcha,lemeslei,,,,,"Morelet, 1875","The taxonomy of Pilsbryoconcha requires further study (A. Bogan pers. comm. 2011)." 171876,Pilsbryoconcha suilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pilsbryoconcha,suilla,,,,,"von Martens, 1902","Both Bogan (2010) and Dang et al. (1980) considered the species valid, although Graf and Cummings (2011) considers the species a synonym of Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834). Although there are no recent specimens of the species known, the species description differs from that of  Sinanodonta woodiana and it may be a valid species (D.V. Tu pers. comm. 2011). Further taxonomic work is required based on fresh specimens." 171880,Pseudodon cumingii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,cumingii,,,,,"(Lea, 1850)","The valid species name is Pseudodon cumingii (Lea, 1850). The genus Pseudodontopsis was used in error by IUCN Red List in previous assessments. In the past Brandt (1974) suggested that there were two forms which he considered to be subspecies Pseudodon inoscularis inoscularis and P. inoscularis cummingii however, during the 2010 assessment for the Red List, two taxa were treated as full species, and this has been confirmed by molecular data (Pfeiffer, pers. comm., 2017).
" 171882,Pseudodon mouhotii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,mouhotii,,,,,"(Lea, 1863)", 171886,Pseudodon vondembuschianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,vondembuschianus,,,,,"(Lea, 1840)",The species has been described under a number of synonyms. 171889,Trapezoideus misellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Trapezoideus,misellus,,,,,"Morelet, 1865","Haas (1969) was unsure of the identification of Unio exolescens Gould, 1843 and used the next available name Unio misellus Morelet, 1865. Brandt (1974) listed this species as a synonym of Trapezoideus exolescens Gould, 1843 and recognized two subspecies other than the nominate subspecies, T.e. pallegoixi Sowerby, 1867 and T.e. comptus Deshayes, 1876 which appear to be local variants." 171891,Uniandra contradens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Uniandra,contradens,,,,,"Lea, 1838","Haas (1969) listed Contradens contradens Lea, 1838 from Java and recognized nine species in the genus. Brandt (1974) makes Contradens Haas, 1913 a synonym of Uniandra Haas, 1912, and lists Unio contradens Lea, 1838 as the type species of Uniandra. Haas (1969) lists Unio inaequalis Rochebrune, 1882 as the type species of Ensidens (Uniandra) and Haas (1969) lists Unio contradens Lea, 1838 as the type species of Contradens Haas, 1912. This would mean Brandt was using U. inaequalis as a junior synonym of U. contradens." 171892,Uniandra gratiosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Uniandra,gratiosus,,,,,"Philippi, 1845","Simpson (1900) noted Uniandra gratiosus Philippi, 1845 locality of 'New Holland' in error, probably India. Simpson (1914) listed the species as Nodularia gratiosa in association with taxa now in Scabies and listed it Southeast Asia, no doubt without further data. He felt it was a very dubious species but thought it might be Nodularia anceps which Haas (1969) placed in the genus Oxynaia.

Haas (1969), Brandt (1974), and Dang et al.(1980) do not list this species. In light of the above lack of information this species should be treated as a nomen dubium." 171894,Uniandra semmelinki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Uniandra,semmelinki,,,,,"von Martens, 1891","According to Haas (1930), the type specimen of this species was collected in Mau Son mountain, Lang Son Province, Viet Nam. Contradens semmelincki von Martens, 1891 is a synonym of this species; Brandt (1974) noted the priority of Uniandra over Contradens.

Simpson (1900) describes Unio semmelinki von Martens, 1891 as unfigured at the end of the genus Dalliella, an anodontine described from the Philippines, and he listed the species from southeast Borneo. Simpson (1914) listed the species as Nodularia semmelinki (von Martens, 1891) with a type locality of the 'Tana-Laut River, Borneo'. Haas (1930) reported Contradens semmelinki  and C. s. laticeps (von Martens, 1900) as both coming from Borneo. Haas (1930) described Contradens semmelincki fultoni [sic] and listed the type locality as Manson, Tonkin [northern Viet Nam]. Haas (1969) recognized Contradens semmelinki and included Unio laticeps Martens, 1900 from Danau Baru Indragiri River, Sumatra and Contradens semmelinki fultoni Haas, 1930 from Manson, Tonkin, as synonyms. Haas (1969) listed the distribution for this species as Sumatra, Borneo and Tonkin [Viet Nam]. Brandt (1974) declared Contradens a junior synonym of Uniandra so the modern combination would be Uniandra semmelinki.

There are serious questions about the relationships of an animal with the same shell shape as widely distributed as Uniandra semmelinki  from Borneo and the subspecies fultoni in northern Viet Nam being the same species." 171895,Uniandra subcircularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Uniandra,subcircularis,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","

Some workers consider the species as Contradens subcircularis (Brandt, 1974).

" 171899,Batissa similis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Batissa,similis,,,,,"Prime, 1860", 171900,Corbicula cyreniformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,cyreniformis,,,,,"Prime, 1860","There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula and until research on this genus clarify the taxonomic issues is not recommended to carry out the Red List assessments for these taxa. The species is considered valid in MUSSELp (www.mussel-project.net)" 171901,Corbicula erosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,erosa,,,,,"Prime, 1861","There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. Brandt (1974) had questions about the identification of this species from Thailand, however it is considered valid by MUSSELp (www.mussel-project.net)." 171903,Corbicula luteola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,luteola,,,,,"Prashad, 1928","There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. A high degree of local variation apparently due to environmental factors has led to a significant degree of over-description of taxa, and a modern revision is required before the conservation status of species can be evaluated." 171906,Neosolen aquaedulcioris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CULTELIDAE,Neosolen,aquaedulcioris,,,,,"Ghosh, 1920","WoRMS (2011) considers the species to be a synonym of Solen delesserti Sowerby, 1874." 171911,Pisidium javanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,javanum,,,,,"van Benthem Jutting, 1931", 171913,Pisidium sumatranum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,sumatranum,,,,,"Martens, 1897", 171986,Gigantomilax benjaminus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Gigantomilax,benjaminus,,,,,"Borredà & Martínez-Ortí, 2008","The re-description of Limax majoricensis Heynemann, 1863 made by Wiktor et al. (2007) corresponds to Gigantomilax benjaminus Borredà & Martínez-Ortí, 2008 (Borredà and Martínez-Ortí 2008, 2010). Some localities from Menorca and Mallorca given by Wiktor et al. (2007) for Gigantomilax majoricensis should be confirmed. Recently Cadevall and Orozco (2016) indicated that G. benjaminus is a junior synonym of G. majoricensis, and suggested that G. benjaminus could correspond to juveniles of G. majoricensis, however they dont provide any evidence about that. Thes specimen studied by Borredà and Martínez-Ortí (2008) were adults, with well developed genitalia. These specimens can be consulted in the Museu Valencià d'Història Natural (Alginet, Spain)." 171990,Balcanodiscus stummerorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,stummerorum,,,,,"A. Reischütz, P.L. Reischütz & W. Fischer, 2008", 171991,Virpazaria aspectulabeatidis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,aspectulabeatidis,,,,,"A. Reischütz, P.L. Reischütz & Subai, 2009", 171993,Virpazaria stojaspali,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,stojaspali,,,,,"A. Reischütz, P.L. Reischütz & Subai, 2009", 171994,Spelaeodiscus bulgaricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEODISCIDAE,Spelaeodiscus,bulgaricus,,,,,"(Subai & Dedov, 2008)", 171995,Oxychilus edmundi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,edmundi,,,,,"Falkner, 2008","Although many nominal species were described in the 19th century, the radiation of Oxychilusin Corsica was rediscovered only recently by Falkner et al. (2002), who revalidated nominal species and inferred the presence of five new species (one of them has been described since) within three different lineages (subgenera Oxychilus, Ortizius and ""Subg.?"", still unnamed). The rarity of the native Oxychilus species in Corsica, and the fact that most species are conchologically very close and can only be differentiated by anatomy, explain how hard it is to gather valuable data on distribution, and that further prospections are required to provide data on taxonomy, distribution and ecology of these proposed species." 171998,Mediterranea mariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,mariensis,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2008", 171999,Lindbergia parnonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,parnonensis,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2008", 172002,Limax brandstetteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,brandstetteri,,,,,"Falkner, 2008", 172007,Sciocochlea llogaraensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Sciocochlea,llogaraensis,,,,,"A. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2009", 172008,Limax giovannellae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,giovannellae,,,,,"Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008", 172013,Albinaria linnei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,linnei,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2008", 172015,Assiminea rolani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,rolani,,,,,"van Aartsen, 2008", 172016,Assiminea avilai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,avilai,,,,,"van Aartsen, 2008", 172017,Assiminea glaubrechti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,glaubrechti,,,,,"van Aartsen, 2008", 172024,Phrynops williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Phrynops,williamsi,,,,,"Rhodin & Mittermeier, 1983", 172321,Ambassis gymnocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,gymnocephalus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","Ambassis gymnocephalus was described as Lutjanus gymnocephalus by Lacepède (1802) from Indo-Pacific region. Although the species has been considered as valid by Day (1875), Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Jayaram (1999), it is considered as 'nomen dubium' by Anderson and Heemstra (2003) because of the considerable taxonomic confusion and on the basis of the lack of diagnostic features. Further taxonomic studies, preferably involving molecular techniques, are essential. " 172404,Pomadasys argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,argenteus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","

Pomadasys argenteus was originally described as Sciaena argentea by Forsskål (1775) from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea.

" 172419,Brachirus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,orientalis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 172447,Entomacrodus vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,vermiculatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","
" 172495,Lutjanus johnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,johnii,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)", 172520,Rieppeleon brevicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rieppeleon,brevicaudatus,,,,,"(Matschie, 1892)","This forest-associated species has a disjunct distribution within its known range, occurring in isolated forest patches. As with many other non-vagile habitat specialists that appear to have a large distribution, it may actually represent a species complex." 172521,Trioceros tempeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,tempeli,,,,,"(Tornier, 1900)","Accepted as Trioceros tempeli in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172522,Trioceros schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,schoutedeni,,,,,"(Laurent, 1952)","Accepted as Trioceros schoutedeni in Tilbury and Tolley (2009). This species overlaps in distribution with T. rudis and is morphologically similar, resulting in confusion between the two species. Where the two species co-occur, it is not possible to determine which records belong to T. schoutedeni and which to T. rudis. It differs from T. rudis mainly on the basis of a much reduced gular, and ventral crest." 172523,Rhampholeon boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,boulengeri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1911","Accepted as Rhampholeon boulengeri, but the wide but disjunct distribution could suggest this is a species complex (Tilbury 2010)." 172524,Rhampholeon acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,acuminatus,,,,,"Mariaux & Tilbury, 2006","Accepted as Rhampholeon acuminatus in Mariaux and Tilbury (2006)." 172525,Kinyongia vosseleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,vosseleri,,,,,"(Nieden, 1913)","Accepted as Kinyongia vosseleri in Mariaux et al. (2008)." 172526,Chamaeleo anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,anchietae,,,,,"Bocage, 1872","Accepted as Chamaeleo anchietae in Tilbury and Tolley (2009). This species has a wide and disjunct distribution. DNA barcoding shows that outlying populations of northern Tanzania and Rwanda attributed to this species are a separate, unidentified taxon. Two sub-species were described by Laurent in 1952 (C. anchietae marunguensis and C. a. mertensi) which derive from highlands on the western side of Lake Tanganyika, but this treatment needs to be confirmed by genetic analyses." 172527,Trioceros ntunte,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,ntunte,,,,,"(Necas, Modrý & Šlapeta, 2005)","Accepted as Trioceros ntunte in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172529,Rhampholeon temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,temporalis,,,,,"(Matschie, 1892)","Accepted as Rhampholeon temporalis in Tilbury et al. (2006)." 172530,Nadzikambia mlanjensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Nadzikambia,mlanjensis,,,,,"(Broadley, 1965)","Accepted as Nadzikambia mlanjensis in Tilbury et al. (2006, 2007). Populations of chameleons on nearby mountains in Mozambique do not represent this taxon (Branch and Tolley 2010)." 172532,Rhampholeon platyceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,platyceps,,,,,"Günther, 1893","Accepted as Rhampholeon platyceps (Tilbury 2010). Populations of Rhampholeon on Mt. Chiperone, Mabu and Namuli are separate taxa and should not be confused with R. platyceps (Branch et al. 2014). In addition, molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the sub-species, R. platyceps carri is not valid (Branch et al. 2014)." 172533,Kinyongia vanheygeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,vanheygeni,,,,,"Necas, 2009","This species was described from a single adult male specimen, as well as photographs of another adult male from Ngozi forest (Necas 2009)." 172534,Trioceros rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,rudis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","This species was referred to the new genus Trioceros by Tilbury and Tolley (2009). Its taxonomy is somewhat complex, as a number of subspecies have been described and their validity challenged (see Tilbury 2010 for a summary), and the status of records from Kenya, Tanzania, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (outside Kivu Province) is in need of verification. These records are provisionally assigned to ""Trioceros rudis incertae sedis"" by Tilbury (2010) and are consequently not included in this assessment pending taxonomic investigation. Records from Ethiopia may represent confusion with T. bitaeniatus (Tilbury et al. 2010) and are not considered here. Trioceros sternfeldi, previously considered a subspecies of T. rudis, is now considered a full species. The population from Aberdares National Park in Kenya, previously also considered to belong to T. rudis (Tilbury 2010), has been described as T. kinangopensis (Stipala et al. 2012). Finally, records of T. rudis from the Albertine Rift region make up the bulk of this species occurrence, but in general they are of uncertain status and may not be T. rudis sensu stricto - unless they come from the Rwenzori  Mountains, which is the type locality of T. rudis." 172535,Rieppeleon kerstenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rieppeleon,kerstenii,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)","Accepted as Rieppeleon kerstenii Tilbury (2010)." 172536,Chamaeleo gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,gracilis,,,,,"Hallowell, 1844","Accepted as Chamaeleo gracilis in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172537,Kinyongia uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,uluguruensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1957)","Accepted as Kinyongia uluguruensis in Mariaux et al. (2008)." 172538,Kinyongia magomberae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,magomberae,,,,,"Menegon, Tolley, Jones, Rovero, Marshall & Tilbury, 2009","Accepted as Kinyongia magomberae in Menegon et al. (2009)." 172539,Trioceros schubotzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,schubotzi,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1912)","Accepted as Trioceros schubotzi in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172541,Trioceros deremensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,deremensis,,,,,"(Matschie, 1892)","Accepted as Trioceros deremensis in Tilbury and Tolley (2009). The species occurs as isolated populations in a number of different mountain ranges over a distance of several hundred kilometers. This could potentially mean there are multiple unrecognised cryptic species. Most chameleon species that are habitat specialists are not found in multiple isolated mountains that are at such great distances from each other." 172542,Chamaeleo laevigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,laevigatus,,,,,"Gray, 1863","Some records from the western portion of this lizard's range may be confused with Chamaeleo senegalensis (Tilbury 2010, Trape et al. 2012)." 172543,Chamaeleo necasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,necasi,,,,,"Ullenbruch, Krause & Böhme, 2007","West African records of Chameleo dilepis (as C. quilensis), which has been considered as possibly occurring in Nigeria, are expected to represent confusion with this species; these records are instead attributable to C. necasi (J.-F. Trape pers. comm. April 2012)." 172544,Kinyongia tavetana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,tavetana,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)","Accepted as Kinyongia tavetana in Tilbury (2010)." 172545,Kinyongia matschiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,matschiei,,,,,"(Werner, 1895)","Accepted as Kinyongia matschiei in Mariaux et al. (2008). Populations occur in the East Usambara Mountains, and these were formerly confused with K. fischeri." 172546,Kinyongia xenorhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,xenorhina,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)","Accepted as Kinyongia xenorhina in Tilbury et al. (2006, 2007)." 172547,Trioceros werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,werneri,,,,,"(Tornier, 1899)","Although this species is accepted as Trioceros werneri in Tilbury and Tolley (2009), recent work of populations isolated in forest patches on the Udzungwa, Uluguru, Nguru, and Ukaguru Mountains suggest that a number of cryptic species exist within T. werneri as currently conceived (Ceccarelli et al. In press). In addition, the population on Rubeho appears morphologically distinctive, although it has not been included in the phylogenetic framework. Further work to update and improve the taxonomy of this species complex is required, and re-assessments should be carried out once the taxonomic status of the species has been validated." 172548,Rieppeleon brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rieppeleon,brachyurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1893)","This species has a very large, but probably patchy distribution, and its small size would suggest it is not vagile. Therefore, it may actually represent a species complex." 172549,Rhampholeon beraduccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,beraduccii,,,,,"Mariaux & Tilbury, 2006","Accepted as Rhampholeon beraduccii in Mariaux and Tilbury (2006)." 172550,Rhampholeon moyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,moyeri,,,,,"Menegon, Salvidio & Tilbury, 2002","Accepted as Rhampholeon moyeri (Menegon et al. 2002) although there has been some confusion around the taxonomy due to its close similarity to R. ulugurensis. A recent molecular phylogeny shows this species occurs in Udzungwa, Rubeho, Ukaguru, and Nguru (including Kanga), based on an analysis of recently-discovered populations of previously uncertain affinity (Fisseha et al. 2013). R. moyeri is therefore much more widespread than had been known, as many of these records had been erroneously attributed to R. ulugurunsis." 172552,Kinyongia tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,tenuis,,,,,"(Matschie, 1892)","Accepted as Kinyongia tenuis in Tilbury and Tolley (2009). The status of the Shimba Hills population as belonging to this taxon needs to be confirmed." 172553,Trioceros wiedersheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,wiedersheimi,,,,,"(Nieden, 1910)","Tilbury and Tolley (2009) elevated the former subgenus Chamaeleo (Trioceros) to generic rank.The combined molecular and morphological analysis of Barej et al. (2010) necessitated major taxonomic changes to this taxon, and these authors elevated the subspecies T. w. perreti to species rank and removed T. serratus from synonymy. The correct assignment of one record close to the north Manengouba Mountains (Gounwouo et al. 2006) is uncertain, as this may represent either T. wiedersheimi or T. perreti (Barej et al. 2010). T. serratus is difficult to distinguish morphologically from T. wiedersheimi, and the distributional limits of these two taxa are in need of resolution (Barej et al. 2010)." 172554,Kinyongia carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,carpenteri,,,,,"(Parker, 1929)","Accepted as Kinyongia carpenteri in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172555,Rhampholeon uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,uluguruensis,,,,,"Tilbury & Emmrich, 1996","Described as Rhampholeon uluguruensis in Tilbury and Emmrich (1996), and was known only from the Uluguru Mountains and the nearby Mkungwe outcrop. Records from other localities within the Eastern Arc have been found to represent the very similar, recently-recognized species R. moyeri in a recent molecular study (Fisseha et al. 2013). Fisseha et al. (2013) conclude based on their results that R. uluguruensis is endemic to the Uluguru Mountains." 172556,Trioceros bitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,bitaeniatus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1884)","Accepted as Trioceros bitaeniatus in Tilbury and Tolley (2009). Molecular phylogenetics suggests that Trioceros bitaeniatus is a complex of species (Kořený 2006) and the taxonomy clearly needs revision. Individuals from Kenya form a phylogenetic clade, but there is potentially species level structure within that clade. In addition, that phylogeny shows T. bitaeniatus to be polyphyletic with T. marsabitensis. The range may also include South Sudan, Ethiopia, southern Uganda, eastern DRC, and northern Tanzania but these localities have not been investigated in a phylogenetic context. Records from DRC and southern Uganda may actually be misidentified individuals of Trioceros ellioti, which was originally thought to be a subspecies of T. bitaeniatus based on their strong resemblance (Tilbury 2010)." 172558,Trioceros goetzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,goetzei,,,,,"(Tornier, 1899)","There are two sub-species of this species, T. goetzei goetzei and T. goetzei nyikae (Tilbury 2010). The sub-species have not been investigated in a phylogenetic framework, but there is potentially divergence between them given their wide distribution but isolation on montane grassland plateau environments." 172560,Trioceros narraioca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,narraioca,,,,,"(Necas, Modrý & Šlapeta, 2003)","Accepted as Trioceros narraioca in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172561,Trioceros sternfeldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,sternfeldi,,,,,"(Rand, 1963)","Trioceros sternfeldi  was described by Rand (1963) in his re-assessment if the Trioceros bitaeniatus complex (Rand 1963). He designated specimens from Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro to the new subspecies Chamaeleo rudis sternfeldi. Some authors have accepted the subspecific designation (Mertens 1966), but others regarded the subspecies as invalid (Broadley and Howell 1991, Klaver and Böhme 1997, Spawls and Rotich 1997, Spawls et al. 2002). Tricoeros sternfeldi is now regarded as a full species by most authors (Necas 1999, Tilbury 2010, Stipala 2014, Spawls et al. 2014). However, the population of “T. sternfeldi” from Mount Hanang (sensu Tilbury 2010) was recently described as T. hanangensis (Krause and Böhme 2010) which restricts the distribution of T. sternfeldi to Kilimanjaro, Mt. Meru and the Ngorongoro highlands. In addition, Stipala (unpub. data 2013) suggests that the T. sternfeldi population from Ngorongoro is more closely related to T. hanangensis than to T. sternfeldi. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of recently discovered T. cf. sternfeldi populations in montane localities in Kenya (i.e. Samburu/Karsia Hills, Loita Hills) needs to be confirmed with additional research, but Stipala (2014) suggests they are genetically distinct from T. sternfeldi. 

Unassigned records tentatively referred to Trioceros rudis incertae sedis (Tilbury 2010) known from Tanzania and Kenya may belong to this taxon. Molecular work by Townsend and Larson (2002) confirmed the genetic distinctiveness of the Tanzanian ‘rudis’ from populations in the Albertine Rift and subsequent studies have re-enforced those conclusions with more detailed molecular analyses (Tolley and Tilbury 2009, Krause and Boehme 2010). In turn, many of the localities from the Albertine Rift may not represent T. rudis sensu stricto, so the Tanzanian/Albertine Rift comparison may not even refer to T. rudis but to several undescribed taxa. It is clear that the T. rudis/sternfeldi complex is in need of a taxonomic assessment that is based on comprehensive sampling from multiple localities, within a phylogenetic framework." 172562,Rhampholeon nchisiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,nchisiensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1953)","Accepted as Rhampholeon nchisiensis in Tilbury (2010). Preliminary molecular studies show that populations from Owemba Forest (Kipengere Mountain), originally thought to be this species, actually represent an undescribed species (K. Tolley, Unpub. data 2013)." 172563,Kinyongia uthmoelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,uthmoelleri,,,,,"(Müller, 1938)","Accepted as Kinyongia uthmoelleri in Tilbury et al. (2006, 2007)." 172564,Kinyongia boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,boehmei,,,,,"(Lutzmann & Necas, 2002)","Accepted as Kinyongia boehmei in Mariaux et al. (2008)." 172565,Kinyongia fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,fischeri,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)","Accepted as Kinyongia fischeri in Tilbury et al. (2006, 2007). Populations in the East and West Usambara Mountains previously thought to belong to K. fischeri are instead referable to K. vosseleri, K. multituberculata, and K. matschiei (Mariaux et al. 2008). K. fischeri occurs only in the Nguru and Nguu Mountains, Tanzania." 172566,Trioceros marsabitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,marsabitensis,,,,,"(Tilbury, 1991)","Accepted as Trioceros marsabitensis in Tilbury and Tolley (2009). The systematics of this species has not been fully investigated, although the single specimen that was included in a molecular phylogeny shows T. marsabitensis and T. bitaeniatus to be paraphyletic (Kořený, 2006)." 172569,Kinyongia excubitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,excubitor,,,,,"(Barbour, 1911)","Accepted as Kinyongia excubitor in Tilbury et al. (2006, 2007)." 172570,Kinyongia oxyrhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,oxyrhina,,,,,"(Klaver & Böhme, 1988)","Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Kinyongia, including individuals assigned to K. oxyrhina from several localities, suggests that this is a species complex (Tolley et al. 2011)." 172571,Trioceros quadricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,quadricornis,,,,,"(Tornier, 1899)","Tilbury and Tolley (2009) elevated the former subgenus Chamaeleo (Trioceros) to generic rank. Two morphologically distinct subspecies, corresponding to a northern and southern distribution within the Cameroon mountain chain, are traditionally recognized, the southern T. q. quadricornis (Mertens 1968) and northern T. q. gracilior (Barej et al. 2010). Molecular data supports this division, although suggests a very recent split between these taxa (Barej et al. 2010). Klaver and Böhme (1992) suggest that the assignment of Mt Kupe specimens to T. q. quadricornis requires verification, and that these records may in fact represent a separate, isolated lineage. Barej et al. (2010) also supported the finding by Pook and Wild (1997) that the morphologically divergent and geographically disjunct Eisentraut's chameleon (T. eisentrauti) should be treated as a subspecies of T. quadricornis on molecular grounds, and formally made this change. Accepted as Trioceros quadricornis in Tolley and Herrel (2014) and Glaw (2015). Glaw (2015) recognizes three subspecies: Trioceros quadricornis quadricornis, Trioceros quadricornis eisentrauti, and Trioceros quadricornis gracilior." 172572,Trioceros pfefferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,pfefferi,,,,,"(Tornier, 1900)","The subgenus Chamaeleo (Trioceros) was elevated to generic rank by Tilbury and Tolley (2009). Accepted as Trioceros pfefferi in Tilbury and Tolley (2009), Tolley and Herrel (2014), and Glaw (2015)." 172573,Trioceros johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,johnstoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)","Accepted as Trioceros johnstoni in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172574,Kinyongia multituberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,multituberculata,,,,,"(Nieden, 1913)","Accepted as Kinyongia multituberculata in Mariaux et al. (2008) and Tilbury (2010)." 172576,Trioceros melleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,melleri,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)","Accepted as Trioceros melleri in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 172578,Kinyongia adolfifriderici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,adolfifriderici,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1912)","Accepted as Kinyongia adolfifriderici in Tilbury and Tolley (2009), however there is considerable uncertainty with the taxonomic status of many populations (Greenbaum et al. 2012). The recent recognition that Kinyongia gyrolepis, a ""superficially similar"" species, is a sister taxon to Ugandan K. adolfifriderici, renders K. adolfifriderici as paraphyletic (Greenbaum et al. (2012).  

The type locality, ""Irumu-Mavambi Urwald"", provided by Sternfeld (1912) is considered vague, as Irumu and Mavambi (now Mawambi) are separate localities around 150 km apart along the Ituri River (Greenbaum et al. 2012), in the Orientale Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both sites are however in areas of historical lowland rainforest, and this and other historical collections, from Medje and from ""lowland and montane"" areas of Rwanda and Uganda (Greenbaum et al. 2012 and references therein), show that the species occurs in lowland rainforest. The only recent records are from Afromontane forests in the Albertine Rift. Given that recent studies suggest the presence of multiple taxa within K. adolfifriderici, it is possible that lowland and montane populations belong to different species. Should this be the case, the name K. adolfifriderici would be applicable to the lowland populations conspecific with material from Ituri (Greenbaum et al. 2012). Furthermore, the isolated montane forest fragments along the Albertine Rift (e.g. Bwindi Forest, Nyungwe Forest) may house additional cryptic species.
" 172579,Trioceros oweni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,oweni,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Tilbury and Tolley (2009) elevated the former subgenus Chamaeleo (Trioceros), of which T. oweni is the type species, to generic rank. Accepted as Trioceros oweni in Tolley and Herrel (2014) and Glaw (2015). The southern form was originally described as Chamaeleon unicornis and was differentiated by males having either no or reduced pre-orbital horns. This form was later considered a subspecies, but was synonomized and is regarded as a variant of T. oweni (Tilbury 2010)." 172580,Trioceros ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,ellioti,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)","Accepted as Trioceros ellioti in Tilbury and Tolley (2009). T. ellioti overlaps with T. bitaeniatus in distrubution, and therefore there are occasional mis-identifications. Most sources agree that it prefers more moist habitat and is at higher elevations than T. bitaeniatus." 172582,Monilesaurus rouxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Monilesaurus,rouxii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)","Calotes rouxii was originally described by Duméril & Bibron, 1837, based on specimens from “India” (Smith 1935). Inger et al. (1984) synonymized C. elliotti Günther, 1864 with C. rouxii Duméril & Bibron, 1837, but the latter species is now being recognized as a distinct, valid species unequivocally (Das 2002)." 172583,Subdoluseps pruthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Subdoluseps,pruthi,,,,,"(Sharma, 1977)","Riopa pruthi was described by Sharma in 1977 based on material collected from Salem in Tamil Nadu, India. It was transferred to Lygosoma following Greer (1977)." 172584,Ristella travancorica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ristella,travancorica,,,,,"Beddome, 1870","Ateuchosaurus travancoricus was described by Beddome in 1870 based on specimens collected from the Western Ghats, India. The same author reallocated this species to Ristella in 1871 (Smith 1935)." 172585,Cnemaspis kolhapurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kolhapurensis,,,,,"Giri, Bauer & Gaikwad, 2009","Cnemaspis kolhapurensis was described based on specimens collected from Kolhapur hills near Kolhapur town in Maharashtra, India by Giri et al. (2009)." 172586,Xylophis stenorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Xylophis,stenorhynchus,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Xylophis stenorhynchus was described by Günther in 1875 as Geophys stenorhynchus from the Western Ghats based on specimens from Travancore, India (Smith 1943) that possibly is a location in Anaimalai Hills, Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu (Gower and Winkler 2007). Gower and Winkler (2007) are of the opinion that X. indicus (treated as a junior synonym of X. stenorhynchus) may be valid, however these authors note that this taxon is still known from only one specimen and that more material is required to evaluate its validity. These authors also described a new species, X. captaini, from material originally assigned to X. stenorhynchus." 172587,Psammophis leithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,leithii,,,,,"Günther, 1869", 172588,Kaestlea palnica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Kaestlea,palnica,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)","Kaestlea palnica was described by Boettger in 1892 as Lygosoma (Leiolopisma) travancoricum var. palnica based on specimens collected from Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu. Smith (1935) accorded this form specific status. Species now assigned to Kaestlea have been assigned to various genera and until recently were placed in the genus Scincella. Eremchenko and Das (2004) erected the new genus Kaestlea to accommodate peninsular Indian species." 172591,Sibynophis subpunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,subpunctatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","The  taxonomy of Sibynophis sagittarius and S. subpunctatus is confused. Morgan (1973) in his revision of Sibynophiines, considered S. subpunctatus to be a synonym of S. sagittarius. At present they are considered to represent two separate species (Captain et al. 2004), but due to this historical confusion the distributions of the two species are in need of clarification." 172592,Cnemaspis indraneildasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,indraneildasii,,,,,"Bauer, 2002","Cnemaspis indraneildasii was described from Gund, North Kanara, Karnataka (Bauer 2002). The forms belonging to Cnemaspis kandiana (Kelaart 1852) (in part) from northern Western Ghats as reported by Smith (1935) are now included under Cnemaspis indraneildasii Bauer, 2002 following Das (2003).  Species boundaries in the C. kandiana complex generally need to be critically re-evaluated. It is likely that C. indraneildasii is a junior synonym of C. goaensis, based on molecular evidence that the two species exhibit ""minimal genetic distances"" (Sayeed et al. 2018).

" 172593,Lepidodactylus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,lugubris,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)", 172594,Pseudocalotes andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,andamanensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 172595,Gerrhopilus tindalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,tindalli,,,,,"(Smith, 1943)","Gerrhopilus tindalli was first described by Smith in 1943 from Nilambur, Kerala. Boulenger (1893) misidentified specimens from Nilambur as Typhlops thurstoni (Smith 1943)." 172596,Liopeltis calamaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Liopeltis,calamaria,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","Liopeltis calamaria was described by Günther in 1858 as Cyclophis calamaria based on specimens collected from Ceylon [Sri Lanka] (Smith 1943)." 172597,Cnemaspis littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,littoralis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)","Cnemaspis littoralis was described by Jerdon in 1853 and the type locality was given as sea coast of Malabar (Smith 1935). Smith (1935) opined that the type was found in a warehouse and might have been imported to Malabar by human agency." 172598,Grypotyphlops acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Grypotyphlops,acutus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1844)","Grypothyphlops acutus was described by Duméril, Bibron and Duméril as Onychocephalus acutus in 1844 (Smith 1943). Since then it has been variously included under the genera Typhlops Oppel, 1811, Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, 1843 and Grypotyphlops Peters, 1881 which came to be included under the genus Typhlops (Smith 1943). Though Das (2003) gave Rhinotyphlops acutus as the accepted nomen for this species basing on Wallach (1994), Wallach (2003) resurrected the genus Grypotyphlops and included this species under it (Wallach and Pauwels 2004)." 172599,Eutropis clivicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,clivicola,,,,,"Inger, Shaffer, Koshy & Bakde, 1984","Mabuya clivicola was described based on three specimens collected from Ponmudi, Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala (Inger et al. 1984). Following revision of the genus Mabuya by Mausfeld et al. (2002) this taxon is presently included within Eutropis Fitzinger 1843." 172600,Hemidactylus anamallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,anamallensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Hemidactylus anamallensis was described as Gecko anamallensis based on specimens collected from Anaimalai Hills, southern India by Günther 1875, it was then placed under the genus Hoplodactylus by Boulenger (1885) (Smith 1935). Smith (1933) placed this species in a distinct genus Dravidogecko based on differences in the digital scansors, and in the preanal pore arrangement. However, based on studies by Russell (1972, 1976, 1979), and Russell and Bauer (1990), the taxon Dravidogecko has been synonymised with Hemidactylus (Bauer and Russell 1995). According to Bansal and Karanth (2010) H. anamallensis is basal to all remaining Hemidactylus, a finding which may warrant revalidation of Dravidogecko for this species (Mahony 2011)." 172601,Xylophis captaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Xylophis,captaini,,,,,"Gower & Winkler, 2007",Xylophis captaini was described as new species by Gower and Winkler (2007) from specimens previously assigned to Xylophis stenorhynchus. 172602,Calotes grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,grandisquamis,,,,,"Günther, 1875","Calotes grandisquamis was described by Günther in 1875 basing on a specimen collected from the foot of Canoot Ghat near Mananathavady, in Brahmagherry hills, Kerala, India (Smith 1935)." 172603,Cnemaspis sisparensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,sisparensis,,,,,"(Theobald, 1876)","Cnemaspis sisparensis was described by Theobald in 1876. The taxon Cnemaspis anaikattiensis Mukherjee, Nixon and Bhupathy, 2005 from Anaikatti Hills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu is presently synonymized with Cnemaspis sisparensis (Manamendra-Arachi et al. 2007). However, the synonymization requires verification (Giri et al. 2009).  The populations south and north of Palghat Gap require taxonomic re-evaluation." 172604,Psammophilus blanfordanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Psammophilus,blanfordanus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1871)","Psammophilus blanfordanus was first described by Stoliczka in 1871 as Charasia blanfordana basing on specimens from Central India (Smith 1935). This species is very similar, morphologically, to P. dorsalis and may have been misidentified for this in some studies." 172605,Plectrurus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Plectrurus,guentheri,,,,,"Beddome, 1863","Plectrurus guentheri was described as Plectrurus güntheri by Beddome in 1863 based on specimens from Walaghat, near Sisapara Ghat, Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu (Beddome 1863, 1870, Smith 1943)." 172606,Lycodon nympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,nympha,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)", 172607,Oligodon brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,brevicauda,,,,,"Günther, 1862","Oligodon brevicauda was described by Günther in 1862 based on specimens collected from Anaimalai Hills, Western Ghats in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu (Smith 1943)." 172608,Dendrelaphis tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,tristis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","Dendrelaphis tristis was described by Daudin in 1803 as Coluber tristis based on the drawings of Dr. Patrick Russell in 1796 based on specimen from ""Hyderabad"", of present day Andhra Pradesh (Smith 1943). As the type is unavailable, the type locality (by designation of a neotype) has been assigned as Calcutta, India by Rooijen and Vogel (2008). Earlier also included Dendrelaphis schokari (Kuhl, 1820) and Dendrelaphis chairecacos (Boie, 1827) which are presently treated as distinct species (van Rooijen and Vogel 2008, 2009) restricted to Sri Lanka and southern India respectively. Two currently recognized synonyms of Dendrelaphis tristis, Leptophis mankas (Bell, 1826) and Dendrophis maniar (Boie, 1827) cannot be referred to either Dendrelaphis tristis or Dendrelaphis schokari (see Rooijen and Vogel 2009).

Records of this species from southwestern Kerala and Tamil Nadu needs to be verified (Rooijen and Vogel 2009) as these records could refer to D. chairecacos." 172609,Chrysopelea ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chrysopelea,ornata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","Chrysopelea ornata was described by Shaw in 1802 as Coluber ornatus based on specimens collected from Sri Lanka and Java (Smith 1943). Three subspecies, Chrysopelea ornata ornata, Chrysopelea ornata ornatissima and Chrysopelea ornata sinhaleya, are recognized. Further taxonomic work is required to establish whether this wide-ranging snake represents a species complex." 172610,Kaestlea bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Kaestlea,bilineata,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","Mocoa bilneata was described by Gray in 1846 based on material from the summit of Nilgiri Hills. Species now assigned to Kaestlea have been assigned to various genera and until recently were placed in the genus Scincella. Eremchenko and Das (2004) erected the new genus Kaestlea to accommodate peninsular Indian species." 172611,Brachyophidium rhodogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Brachyophidium,rhodogaster,,,,,"Wall, 1921","The genus Brachyophidium Wall, 1921 is a monotypic genus comprising a single species Brachiophidium rhodogaster Wall, 1921. Smith (1943) included it under the genus Teretrurus Beddome, 1886, however, currently it is placed back under the genus Brachyophidium (Das 2003)." 172612,Melanophidium bilineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Melanophidium,bilineatum,,,,,"Beddome, 1870","Melanophidium bilineatum was described by Beddome in 1870 based on specimens collected from Waynaad, Kerala (Smith 1943)." 172613,Rhinophis sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,sanguineus,,,,,"Beddome, 1863","Rhinophis sanguineus was described by Beddome in 1863 based on specimens collected from Cherambady in Wayanad hills, Kerala, India  (Beddome 1863, Smith 1943)." 172616,Cnemaspis heteropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,heteropholis,,,,,"Bauer, 2002","Cnemaspis heteropholis was first described from Gund, Uttara Kanara, Karnataka (Bauer 2002, Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007). As no common name for this species is known we propose the name to be Gund Day Gecko." 172619,Cnemaspis nairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,nairi,,,,,"Inger, Marx & Koshy, 1984 ","Cnemaspis nairi was described based on specimens collected from Ponmudi near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala (Inger et al. 1984)." 172620,Indotyphlops porrectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,porrectus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1871)","The name Typhlops or Indotyphlops ductiliformes is used in a number of field guides and recent checklists (e.g. Khan 2006), although taxonomic sources presently regard this taxon as a junior synonym of Indotyphlops porrectus (Pyron and Wallach 2014, Hedges et al. 2014)." 172621,Uropeltis dindigalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,dindigalensis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1877)","Uropeltis dindigalensis was described as Silybura dindigalensis by Beddome in 1877 based on specimens collected in the Sirumalai hills, near Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India  (Beddome 1877, 1886, Smith 1943)." 172622,Uropeltis phipsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,phipsonii,,,,,"(Mason, 1888)","Uropeltis phipsonii was described as Silybura phipsonii by Mason in 1888 based on type series collected from the Bombay Ghats between Bombay (=Mumbai) and Pune, Maharashtra, India (Boulenger 1890, Smith 1943). The specific epithet is sometimes erroneously listed as 'phipsoni'. Uropeltis phipsonii has been treated as a synonym of Uropeltis rubrolineatus (Günther,1875) by Gans (1966) and revalidated by Rajendran (1985)." 172623,Trimeresurus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,macrolepis,,,,,"Beddome, 1862","Peltopelor macrolepis was described by Beddome in 1862 as Trimeresurus macrolepis based on specimens collected from Anaimalai Hills in Western Ghats (Smith 1943). Malhotra and Thorpe (2004) resurrected the genus Peltopelor Günther, 1864 for the species macrolepis, as it is diagnosed by a combination of a long calyculate hemipenis and enlarged head scales." 172624,Lygosoma guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,guentheri,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)","Lygosoma guentheri was originally described as Eumeces punctatus by Günther in 1864. This name was subsequently found to be preoccupied, and Peters (1879) provided the replacement name Eumeces güntheri. It was later included within the genus Lygosoma (Boulenger 1890, Smith 1935).
" 172625,Draco dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,dussumieri,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837","Draco dussumieri was first described by Duméril and Bibron in 1837 based on specimens collected from Malabar (present day region of northern Kerala, India) (Smith 1935)." 172626,Rhabdophis plumbicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,plumbicolor,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)", 172627,Eutropis gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,gansi,,,,,"Das, 1991","Eutropis gansi was described by Das (1991), based on specimens collected from Kalakkad-Munduthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. This species was assigned to the genus Eutropis following the revision of Mabuya by Mausfeld et al. (2002)." 172629,Dasia subcaerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,subcaerulea,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)","Dasia subcaerulea was described by Boulenger in 1891 as Lygosoma subcaeruleum based on a specimen collected from Bodanai-Kannur, Travancore (presently Bodinayakanur in Theni district of Tamil Nadu), India (Smith 1935). Joshua and Sekar (1984) assigned Indian specimens they collected to the Sri Lankan endemic D. haliana, and a number of additional records of this species have since been reported from India (see Wickramasinghe et al. 2011). Examined material of Indian ""D. haliana"" has recently been found to represent D. subcaerulea (Wickramasinghe et al. 2011, using the incorrect nomina Dasia halianus and D. subcaeruleum). The specimens collected by Joshua and Sekar (1984) were apparently not preserved and so cannot be examined, and in the absence of evidence to the contrary all records of D. haliana from India are considered to belong instead to D. subcaerulea (Wickramasinghe et al. 2011)." 172630,Cnemaspis jerdonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,jerdonii,,,,,"(Theobald, 1868)","Cnemaspis jerdonii was described by Theobald in1868, however, no type locality was mentioned in the type description (Smith 1935, Das and Bauer 2000). The taxon scalpensis, which was described from Sri Lanka (Ferguson 1877) and long considered a subspecies of Cnemaspis jerdonii, has been elevated to species level (Wickramasinghe and Munindradasa 2007).  As with the other members of the genus Cnemaspis, populations north and south of the Palghat Gap need taxonomic revalidation.  Species boundaries in the C. kandiana complex generally need to be critically re-evaluated." 172631,Bungarus sindanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,sindanus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897","Bungarus sindanus was described by Boulenger in 1897 based on specimens collected from Umarkot and Sukkur, Sind, Pakistan (Smith 1943). Presently two distinct subspecies, Bungarus sindanus sindanus Boulenger, 1897 and Bungarus sindanus razai Khan, 1985, are recognized. A third, Bungarus sindanus walli Wall, 1907, has recently been treated as a full species (Wallach et al. 2014, Ahsan and Rahman 2017) and this scheme is tentatively followed here.

Bungarus sindanus is close to or conspecific with B. caeruleus and has widely been treated as a subspecies; while the two species have a reportedly overlapping distribution (Sindaco et al. 2013) this may be an artefact of the difficulty in distinguishing between the two taxa (Wagner et al. 2016) These latter authors assign the sole known Afghan specimen, reported as B. caeruleus, to B. sindanus." 172632,Xylophis perroteti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Xylophis,perroteti,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Xylophis perroteti was first described as new species by Duméril, Bibron and Duméril in 1854 as Platypteryx perroteti from the Western Ghats based on specimens from Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu. This species is superficially the most distinctive species in the genus, having 13 as opposed to 15 scale rows and being much larger (Whitaker and Captain 2004, Gower and Winkler 2007). It is suggested that a reassessment of the taxonomic status of X. perroteti is required (Gower and Winkler 2007)." 172634,Uropeltis liura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,liura,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Uropeltis liura was first described as Silybura liura by Günther in 1875 based on a specimen collected from Madura Hills (=Meghamalai/High Wavy Mountains), Tamil Nadu, India  (Smith 1943)." 172635,Lycodon flavomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,flavomaculatus,,,,,"Wall, 1907","Lycodon flavomaculatus was described by Wall in 1907 based on specimens collected from Khirkee, Poona District, Maharashtra (Smith 1943)." 172636,Cnemaspis goaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,goaensis,,,,,"Sharma, 1976","Cnemaspis goaensis was described from Ponguinim, Canocona Taluka, South Goa, Goa (Sharma 1976). It is likely that C. indraneildasii is a junior synonym of C. goaensis, based on molecular evidence that the two species exhibit ""minimal genetic distances"" (Sayeed et al. 2018)." 172637,Uropeltis myhendrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,myhendrae,,,,,"(Beddome, 1886)","Uropeltis myhendrae was described as Silybura nilgherriensis var. myhendrae by Beddome in 1886 based on type series collected from the Myhendra mountain (=Mahendragiri), Tirunelvelli district, Tamil Nadu, India  (Beddome 1886, Smith 1943). Boulenger (1890) upgraded myhendrae to specific level." 172638,Hemidactylus prashadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,prashadi,,,,,"Smith, 1935","Hemidactylus prashadi was described by Smith in 1935 based on specimens collected from Jog in North Kanara district (presently in Shimoga District) of Karnataka, India (Smith 1935). 
" 172639,Plectrurus aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Plectrurus,aureus,,,,,"Beddome, 1880","Plectrurus aureus Beddome, 1880 is known only from the type locality in Kerala, India (Beddome 1880, Smith 1943)." 172640,Cnemaspis beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,beddomei,,,,,"(Theobald, 1876)","Cnemaspis beddomei was described by Beddome in 1870 as Gymnodactylus marmoratus from Travancore as the type locality (Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007).  However, this name was preoccupied by Gymnodactylus marmoratus Dumeril and Bibron, 1836.  It was later renamed as Gymnodactylus beddomei by Theobald in 1876 (Smith 1935).  Species boundaries within the genus Cnemaspis need to be critically re-evaluated." 172641,Bungarus ceylonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,ceylonicus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 172643,Lycodon travancoricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,travancoricus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Lycodon travancoricus was described by Beddome in 1870 as Cercaspis travancoricus basing on specimens collected from Travancore Hills, (presently Ashambu Hills, Kerala) (Smith 1943). Constable (1949) treated this taxon as subspecies of Lycodon aulicus." 172644,Calotes calotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,calotes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 172645,Ophisops minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,minor,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1971)","Two subspecies are recognized: Ophisops minor minor Deraniyagala, 1971 from Sri Lanka, and Ophisops minor nictans Arnold 1989 from India. Agarwal and Ramakrishnan (2017) found that Sri Lankan and Indian lineages are genetically divergent, and while morphological research has not yet been completed to confirm that two species are involved, Agarwal et al. (2018) provisionally apply the name O. nictans to Indian populations, restricting O. minor to Sri Lanka. Ongoing morphological and molecular research supports recognition of Sri Lankan populations as distinct, but suggests that at least two species may be involved in Sri Lanka alone (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019)." 172646,Fowlea piscator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,piscator,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","Fowlea flavipunctatus has been long treated as a subspecies of F. piscator. Literature records of this species and F. flavipunctatus, which occur in sympatry (Zug et al. 2006, Vogel and David 2006) are confused. Vogel and David (2006) provide comments on the taxonomy of the F. flavipunctatus-piscator complex, and divided it into eight taxa. The extreme south Indian and Sri Lankan populations are considered to represent an undescribed species (Vogel and David 2006). The genus as a whole is paraphyletic and in need of revision (Guo et al. 2012)." 172647,Eutropis tytleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,tytleri,,,,,"(Theobald, 1868)", 172648,Cnemaspis wynadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,wynadensis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Cnemaspis wynadensis was described by Beddome in 1870 based on specimens collected from Wayanad.
" 172650,Ristella beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ristella,beddomii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","Ristella beddomii was described by Boulenger in 1887 based on specimens collected from India (Smith 1935). However, the exact type locality within India is unknown (Smith 1935)." 172651,Oligodon arnensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,arnensis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","Oligodon arnensis was described as Coluber arnensis by Shaw in 1802 basing on specimens collected by Russell from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh and Arni in North Arcot district of Tamil Nadu (Smith 1943)." 172652,Eryx whitakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,whitakeri,,,,,"Das, 1991","Eryx whitakeri was first described by Das in 1991 based on a holotype from Mangalore in Karnataka and paratypes from a few localities in Kerala, Karnataka and Goa (Das 1991). It has often been mistakenly considered as a hybrid between Eryx johnii and Eryx conicus." 172653,Eutropis innotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,innotata,,,,,"(Blanford, 1870)","Euprepes innotata was originally described by Blanford in 1870 from Pemganga valley, Southeast Berar (presently Penganga valley in Yavatmal district of Maharashtra) (Smith 1935). The species was placed in the genus Mabuia by Boulenger  in 1887. Following revision of the genus Mabuya by Mausfeld et al. (2002), this taxon was assigned to Eutropis Fitzinger 1843." 172654,Ahaetulla perroteti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,perroteti,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Ahaetulla perroteti was described by Duméril, Bibron and Duméril in in 1854 as Psammophis perroteti based on specimens collected from India (Smith 1943). No specific type locality has been assigned so far." 172655,Trimeresurus strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,strigatus,,,,,"Gray, 1842","Trimerusurus strigatus was described by Gray in 1842 (Smith 1943) based on specimens collected from Madras Presidency (see Boulenger 1896). The generic assignment of this unusual species is in need of clarification: Kraus et al. (1996), David and Ineich (1999) and Das (2003) treated it as species of Protobothrops, but Herrmann et al. (2004) and Malhotra and Thorpe (2004) suggested removing this species from Protobothrops and to treat it under Trimeresurus sensu stricto. This has generally been followed since (although the taxonomic arrangement proposed by David et al. 2011 reassigns all species in Trimeresurus sensu stricto as generally understood to Craspedocephalus, these authors' Craspedocephalus is identical to the accepted concept of Trimeresurus s.s., and explicitly includes T. strigatus). No genetic data is available, however, and both hypotheses regarding this species' generic assignment should be considered provisional." 172656,Argyrogena fasciolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Argyrogena,fasciolata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 172657,Chamaeleo zeylanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,zeylanicus,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768","Chamaeleo zeylanicus was first described by Laurenti in 1768, the description was based on drawing by Seba (1734, 1; plate 82, fig. 3) which represented a female specimen with no tarsal spur (Smith 1935, Klaver and Böhme 1997). Mertens (1969) restricted the type locality to Ceylon (=Sri Lanka). Differences in scalation suggest that Sri Lankan populations may not be conspecific with the mainland form, but the taxonomy of Asian chameleons has not been investigated to clarify their taxonomic status (Karunarathna et al. 2009)." 172658,Lygosoma lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,lineata,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)","Lygosoma lineata was described by Gray in 1839 as Chiamela lineata, and later allocated to the genus Lygosoma Gray 1828 by Boulenger in 1887 (Smith 1935)." 172659,Uropeltis macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,macrolepis,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)","Uropeltis macrolepis was described by Peters in 1862 as Silybura macrolepis based on a specimen collected from unknown locality in Bombay Hills, Maharashtra, India  (Smith 1943). The publication year is erroneously reported as 1861 (Boulenger 1893, Smith 1943, Das 2003). See Peters (1862). Two subspecies, U. m. macrolepis (Peters, 1862) and U. m. mahabaleshwarensis Chari, 1955 are recognized (Chari 1955)." 172660,Eutropis macularia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,macularia,,,,,"(Blyth, 1853)","This widespread species is apparently not monophyletic and so represents a species complex (Das et al. 2008, Barley et al. 2015). Records from Sri Lanka have been found to represent confusion with Eutropis madaraszi and two recently described species, E. austini and E. greeri (Batuwita et al. 2016)." 172661,Amphiesma stolatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Amphiesma,stolatum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 172662,Cnemaspis ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,ornata,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Cnemaspis ornata was described by Beddome, 1870 based on specimens collected from Tirunelvelli, Tamil Nadu (Smith 1935). One or more superficially similar undescribed species of Cnemaspis may potentially have been misidentified as C. ornata (A. Bauer pers. comm. March 2011). Owing to this possibility the populations on both sides of Palghat Gap require taxonomic re-evaluation." 13264817,Eryx conicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,conicus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","There are two subspecies presently recognized, and their taxonomic status is in need of clarification (R. Vyas pers. comm. 2019)." 172664,Indotyphlops exiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,exiguus,,,,,"(Jan, 1864)","Typhlops exiguus was described by Jan in 1864 with the type locality mentioned as ""East Indies"" = ""Indes Orientales"" (Boulenger 1893). However, there is no mention of this taxon in Smith (1943)." 172665,Coelognathus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coelognathus,helenae,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","Two subspecies, Coelognathus helenae helenae and C. h. monticollaris, are recognized, and taxonomic research is required to clarify whether C. h. monticollaris warrants recognition as a full species." 172666,Hemidactylus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,maculatus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1836","Hemidactylus maculatus was described by Duméril and Bibron in 1836 based on specimens collected from Bombay (presently Mumbai, Maharashtra), India (Smith 1935).  The subspecies H. maculatus hunae Deraniyagala, 1937 has recently been elevated to specific status (Bauer et al. 2010) and confined to Sri Lanka following the subsequent description of H. graniticolus (Agarwal et al. 2011). Variation within remaining Indian subpopulations requires further investigation." 172668,Gehyra mutilata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,mutilata,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","Gehyra mutilata was described as Hemidactylus (Peropus) mutilatus by Wiegmann in 1834 based on specimens collected from Manila, Philippines (Smith 1935).  Glaw and Vences (2007) suggested that western Indian Ocean populations, including those from Madagascar, may not be conspecific with true G. mutilata, which has a type locality in the Philippines, however, Rocha et al. (2009) found that samples from Madagascar, the Seychelles and the Mascarenes were genetically indistinguishable from Philippine and mainland Asian populations.

Fisher (1997) and Rocha et al. (2009) demonstrated that there are two deeply divergent clades, and found that the name Gehyra insulensis is available for one of these. Although this name has not been formally resurrected (A.M. Bauer pers. comm. 2011) it is recognized by specialists working on Pacific reptiles, and the Pacific clade is treated separately, as G. insulensis, in these accounts. The taxonomic status of Indian populations has not been evaluated and it is unclear to which lineage they belong (A.M. Bauer pers. comm. 2011), and research is needed into Southeast Asian populations to examine levels of genetic variation (Rocha et al. 2009).

Grismer (2011a) noted that neither the original description of Gehyra butleri (Boulenger 1900) nor a later report of this species from the Cameron Highlands (Smith 1930) provided any diagnostic features that distinguish this species from G. mutilata. Based on this, and his own examination of Gehyra specimens from Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, Grismer (2011a) synonymized G. butleri within G. mutilata." 172669,Dendrelaphis caudolineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,caudolineolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)",This is a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic revision (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). 172671,Eutropis beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,beddomei,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)", 172672,Boiga ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",This is a species complex in need of taxonomic revision (S.R. Ganesh and M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). 172673,Sphenomorphus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,indicus,,,,,"(Gray, 1853)", 172674,Boiga dightoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,dightoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)","Boiga dightoni was described by Boulenger in 1894 as Dipsas dightoni based on a specimen collected by Mr. S. Dighton from Peermade, Idukki District, Kerala (Boulenger 1894, Smith 1943)." 172676,Lygosoma punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,punctata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1799)", 172677,Hemidactylus leschenaultii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,leschenaultii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1836","Hemidactylus leschenaultii was described by Duméril and Bibron in 1836 based on specimens collected from Sri Lanka (Smith 1935). In a molecular analysis of South Asian Hemidactylus, Bauer et al. (2010) found that Sri Lankan and Indian samples were conspecific, however this research included only one sample from each country and more comprehensive sampling of Indian populations is required to confirm whether these represent a single species." 172678,Gerrhopilus beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,beddomii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","Gerrhopilus beddomii was described as Typhlops beddomei by Boulenger in 1890 from hills of south India (Smith 1943). According to Das (2003) beddomei is the correct spelling for the specific name of this taxon." 172680,Cnemaspis indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,indica,,,,,"Gray, 1846","Cnemaspis indica was described as Goniodactylus indicus by Gray in 1846 based on specimens collected from Madras Presidency (Smith 1935), now mostly in Tamil Nadu, India (Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007).  The populations north and south of Palghat Gap should be re-evaluated.  However, for the purposes of this assessment the known distributions are considered to represent C. indica. The record from Nadukani (~300 m asl) in Thrissur Distrct, Kerala (Das and Whitaker 1990) needs validation as it was based on a juvenile specimen from outside the known elevational range of the species." 172681,Rhinophis travancoricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,travancoricus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893","Rhinophis travancoricus was described by Boulenger in 1892 based on specimens from Vembayam in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India  (Boulenger 1892, Smith 1943). The common name Tamil Nadu Earth Snake is a misnomer, as this species has been reported from Kerala and the specific epithet 'travancoricus' refers to 'Travancore' as the region where the type locality is present. However, the erstwhile kingdom of Travancore included most of southern Kerala, the Kanyakumari district and some parts of the present day southwestern Tamil Nadu (C. Srinivasulu pers. comm.2011)." 172683,Eublepharis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Eublepharis,fuscus,,,,,"Börner, 1981","Eublepharis fuscus was described as a subspecies of Eublepharis macularius Blyth, 1854 by Börner (1981) from 60 km north of Bombay (presently Mumbai). However, this species is a distinct form and allopatric to Eublepharis macularius, hence has been elevated to species status (Das 1997). The taxa belonging to the genus Eublepharis are included under Family Eublepharidae since past 20 years (A.M. Bauer pers. comm. 09 May 2011)." 172684,Ophisops leschenaultii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,leschenaultii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1820)","There are two morphologically diagnosable populations of Ophisops leschanaultii in Sri Lanka alone, and these are not expected to be conspecific with Indian material based on preliminary morphological and molecular research (M. Wickramasinghe unpubl. data)." 172685,Dasia haliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,haliana,,,,,"(Nevill, 1887)","A morphological study of records attributed to this species from India suggests that the Indian records of Dasia hailiana instead represent the Indian endemic D. subcaerulea (Wickramasinghe et al. 2011, using the incorrect nomina Dasia halianus and D. subcaeruleum)." 172686,Kaestlea beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Kaestlea,beddomii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","Lygosoma beddomei was described by Boulenger in 1887 based on material from Travancore Hills (Smith 1935). Species now assigned to Kaestlea have been assigned to various genera and until recently were placed in the genus Scincella. Eremchenko and Das (2004) erected the new genus Kaestlea to accommodate peninsular Indian species." 172688,Psammophis longifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,longifrons,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Psammophis longifrons was first described by Boulenger in 1896 based on the head and neck collected from Cuddapah Hills, a location that many authorities feel might be wrong (Smith 1943)." 172689,Chalcides pentadactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,pentadactylus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Chalcides pentadactylus is known only from the type locality Kadal Undi, Beypur, in Kerala, India (Smith 1935, Das 2003). As it has not been collected since its original description and the type specimen is lost (Smith 1935) the continued presence of this species in India has been doubted (Venugopal 2010), and it may represent an introduction to this coastal area. S. Bhupathy (in 2004) and I. Das have surveyed in this area but have not recorded this species. Due to the loss of the only known specimen the true identity and origin of this skink, and its correct generic assignment, must await the examination of fresh material (Smith 1935)." 172690,Cnemaspis boiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,boiei,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","Cnemaspis boiei  was described from an imprecise locality (""India"") and no extant populations are known.  Limited understanding of variation in the species precludes meaningful comparison with some congeners, and it is possible the name is applicable to one or more species recently described under new names." 172691,Uropeltis broughami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,broughami,,,,,"(Beddome, 1878)","Uropeltis broughami was described as Silybura broughami by Beddome in 1878 based on specimens collected in the Sirumalai hills, near Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India  (Beddome 1878, Smith 1943)." 172692,Coluber gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,gracilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","Coluber gracilis was described by Günther in 1862 as Zamenis gracilis (Smith 1943) based on specimens collected from the Western Ghats in Poona, Poona district, Maharashtra (Smith 1943). This species was described as distinct variety (Var. B) of Coluber ventrimaculatus by Günther in 1858 based on specimens collected from India (four individuals collected by W. Masters) and as Coluber gracilis in 1862 after discovery of an additional specimen in Chatham Museum, Fort Pitt purportedly collected from Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan (Günther 1862, Boulenger 1893, Smith 1943). Boulenger (1893) reports six specimens in the British Museum, including one collected by Col. Sykes from India, four specimens by W. Masters, and the type from the Chatham Museum, noted as being from an unknown locality. Despite the doubt that this raises over the assignment of Sindh as the type locality, Günther's account that the species occurs both in India and Pakistan has been accepted by subsequent authors." 172693,Plectrurus perroteti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Plectrurus,perroteti,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","Plectrurus perroteti was described by Duméril and Bibron in 1854 based on specimens collected from the Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu (Smith 1943). The specific epithet is misspelt as perrotetii (see McDiarmid et al. 1999)." 172694,Uropeltis beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,beddomii,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","Uropeltis beddomii was first described by Günther in 1862 based on specimens collected in the Anaimalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India  (Günther 1862, Smith 1943). Sometimes the specific epithet is misspelt as ""beddomei"" (as in Smith 1943)." 172697,Dendrelaphis pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,pictus,,,,,"(Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1789)","Dendrelaphis pictus was described as Coluber ahaetulla by Linnaeus in 1758. It was renamed Coluber pictus by Gmelin in 1789 (Smith 1943) and later reassigned to Dendrelaphis Boulenger 1890, a genus characterized by slender diurnal species that are predominantly arboreal (Rooijen and Vogel 2008a). There has been an ambiguity with regards to the systematics of this genus and the species involved therein, including a number of decisions to synonymize species within D. pictus made without adequate justification (see Rooijen and Vogel 2008a).

D. pictus is a recognized species complex, and many members of the genus have been considered junior synonyms or subspecies at one time or another (Vogel and van Rooijen 2008a). In recent years efforts have been made to clarify this situation, and a number of species have been removed from synonymy or described based on populations originally assigned to D. pictus. These include D. inornatus (including the former subspecies D. p. intermedius and D. p. timorensis) (How et al. 1996), D. nganonsonensis (Ziegler and Vogel, 1999), D. hollinrakei (Lazell 2002), D. haasi (Vogel and van Rooijen 2008a), D. marenae and D. grismeri (Vogel and van Rooijen 2008b).

This account follows Vogel and van Rooijen (2008b) in regarding D. pictus as a widespread form ranging from India to China and Lombok in central Indonesia, consisting of morphologically distinct mainland and Sundaland forms between which genetic exchange cannot be ruled out (Vogel and van Rooijen 2008b). Research on Chinese and remaining Indochinese populations is underway (Vogel and van Rooijen 2011), and further investigation is required to establish whether the mainland and island forms identified by Vogel and van Rooijen (2008b) should be recognized as distinct species. Additionally, the form that was earlier referred to this species from the Western Ghats in southern India is now recognized as Dendrelaphis ashoki (Vogel and van Rooijen 2011); these authors also resurrected D. andamensis, endemic to the Andaman Islands, from synonymy with D. pictus. A third form recognized by these authors, D. proarchos from northeastern India and Myanmar, is here retained within the synonymy of D. pictus until the nominate form is formally redescribed, as this proposed species exhibits a continuous distribution with D. pictus and morphological differences are difficult to reliably diagnose (P. Uetz pers. comm. May 2011). It is therefore difficult to establish the limits of either species' distribution within the range historically assigned to D. pictus. Additionally, gene flow between D. pictus and D. proarchos cannot be ruled out (Vogel and van Rooijen 2011), and so for consistency with Vogel and van Rooijen (2008b), which treated the two forms they identified within D. pictus as representing a single species on the same basis, D. proarchos should be considered a junior synonym of D. pictus pending further investigation to verify its specific validity.

It was regarded as a polytypic species as evidenced by the number of subspecies and varieties recognized (Vogel and Rooijen, 2008).
Jiang et al. (2020) concurred with earlier suggestions that records from Hainan do not represent D. pictus sensu stricto, and refer to all known Chinese records of this species as Dendrelaphis cf. pictus. China is retained within the range of this species pending a taxonomic revision." 172698,Calliophis melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,melanurus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","Calliophis melanurus was described by Shaw in 1802 based on the drawings of the snake from Nerva, Bengal (Smith 1943). The exact location of the type locality could not be traced." 172700,Oligodon travancoricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,travancoricus,,,,,"Beddome, 1877","Oligodon travancoricus Beddome, 1877, misspellt as Oligodon travancorica, was described as Oligodon travancoricum basing on specimens collected from south Travancore mountains (Smith 1943). It agrees very closely with sympatric congener, Oligodon venustus (Jerdon, 1853) with which it was synonymized by Wall (1914) although he changed his opinion in 1923 (Wall 1923). However, basing on differences in the hemipenis structure both the taxa are considered distinct (Smith 1943, Green 2010)." 172701,Hemidactylus giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,giganteus,,,,,"Stoliczka, 1871","Hemidactylus giganteus was described by Stoliczka in 1871 based on specimens collected from Godavari River valley near Bhadrachalam, Andhra Pradesh (Smith 1935).  There is potential confusion between this species and H. aaronbaueri, and the identity of historical records of H. giganteus from within the range of this more recently-described species requires verification." 172702,Bungarus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,caeruleus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","Bungarus caeruleus was described as Pseudoboa caerulea by Schneider in 1801 based on the collections and description by Dr. Patrick Russell from Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (Smith 1943). Bungarus sindanus is close to or conspecific with B. caeruleus and has widely been treated as a subspecies; while the two species have a reportedly overlapping distribution (Sindaco et al. 2013) this may be an artefact of the difficulty in distinguishing between the two taxa (Wagner et al. in prep.). These latter authors assign the sole known Afghan specimen, reported as B. caeruleus, to B. sindanus." 172703,Hemidactylus brookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,brookii,,,,,"Gray, 1845","Hemidactylus brookii was described by Gray, 1845 based on specimens collected from Borneo (Smith 1935). The traditional species concept for H. brookii is a very widespread, pantropical lizard, and its taxonomic history is confused (Bauer et al. 2010; see this paper and Mahony 2011 for a taxonomic discussion). New World members of this lineage were elevated to species status (as H. haitianus and H. leightoni) by Powell et al. (1996); H. haitanus has also been confirmed as the lineage represented on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (Carranza and Arnold 2006), implying that this species likely represents a historical introduction to the West Indies. H. haitianus and H. leightoni have subsequently been synonymized within H. angulatus (Rösler and Glaw 2010). Carranza and Arnold (2006) elevated African H. angulatus, previously a subspecies of H. brookii, to specific status, confining H. brookii to Asia, and confirmed that H. angulatus, H. leightoni and H. haitianus are only distantly-related to H. brookii. Bauer et al. (2010) examined the taxonomic status of Asian forms and raised the taxon parvimaculatus Deraniyagala, 1953 to specific status, reporting it from south of Palghat Gap in India, and from Sri Lanka. This is probably also the form that occurs in the Comoros and Mascarene Islands based on genetic similarity to Sri Lankan populations (Rocha et al. 2005, Bauer et al. 2010) (although work in press suggests that some of these presumed H. parvimaculatus may be referrable to H. malcolmsmithi - A. Bauer pers. comm. 2019).

Rösler and Glaw (2010) subsequently removed the Indonesian H. tenkatei from synonymy with H. brookii on morphological grounds. Mahony (2011) synonymized the Burmese form H. subtriedroides, treated as a synonym of H. brookii by Bauer et al. (2010), with H. tenkatei. This action was subsequently disputed by Kathriner et al. (2014), but the status of H. subtriedroides remains unresolved (Lajmi et al. 2016). Following Zug et al. (2007) the Indian population previously treated as H. mahendrai is included in the synonymy of H. brookii by Bauer et al. (2010) and (provisionally, pending examination of type material) by Mahony (2011). The distributions of H. brookii and H. parvimaculatus in India remain unclear. A comprehensive review of all Indian taxa presently included within H. brookii is urgently required (Bauer et al. 2011).

Following this complex series of taxonomic changes, Mahony (2011) reexamined type specimens of H. brookii and redescribed this species based on two of the three syntypes (the third being found by these authors' examination to represent H. tenkatei). On nomenclatural grounds, Mahony (2011) retained Gecko tytleri within the synonymy of H. brookii. This author also tentatively retained H. murrayi from Gujurat as a junior synonym of H. brookii in the absence of comparative material to confirm its specific identity, but noted that based on the original description it is ""very unlikely to be conspecific with H. brookii s.s."". He also provisionally included H. luzonensis (considered a probable junior synonym of H. tenkatei by Rösler and Glaw 2010) within the synonymy of H. brookii until Philippine specimens can be examined to verify their identity. Two remaining names previously treated as synonyms of H. brookii, H. gleadowi and H. kushmorensis, were resurrected for Pakistani members of the brookii complex found to represent distinct species (Mahony 2011).

Lajmi et al. (2016) conducted a combined morphological and molecular analysis of the H. brookii complex sensu lato, focusing particularly on delimiting species in India. These results suggest that 5-7 major clades exist within the complex, five of which appear to correspond to species described or resurrected in the above-described studies, and one of which contains five described species. The authors resurrect the name H. murrayi for the remaining clade based on comparison with material from the Gujurat type locality; they propose that this may be a senior synonym for the taxon described by Rösler and Glaw (2010) as H. tentakei. Their sequence data and comparison with Bornean material of H. brookii suggests that this name is likely to be applicable to the form widespread through mainland Southeast Asia, and that Bauer et al. (2010) were in error to consider this taxon conspecific with the Borneo type series. This account provisionally retains the name H. brookii for this taxon, as the Indian study did not conduct morphological analysis of Southeast Asian records to confirm their identity. Uetz (2017) noted that the status of H. murrayi is uncertain as the type series has been lost." 172704,Indotyphlops braminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,braminus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","The species has also been recently placed in the typhlopid genera Typhlops and Typhlina (see Wallach 2009 for a complete synonymy). Following Wallach (2009), Typhlops khoratensis is considered a junior synonym of Indotyphlops braminus. Typhlops fletcheri has widely been treated as a junior synonym of Indotyphlops braminus, but examination of the holotype suggests that it is likely to represent a distinct species (A. Wynn pers. comm. to P. Uetz, in Uetz 2019). It is treated as valid (as I. fletcheri) without comment by Hedges et al. (2014), but as it has not been formally resurrected this account follows Pyron and Wallach (2014) in retaining it within I. braminus pending further taxonomic research." 172705,Lycodon aulicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,aulicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species has also been placed in the genus Ophites, although this has not gained wide acceptance. Lycodon capucinus is often synonymized with or treated as a subspecies of this species, but they are here considered as distinct species following Taylor (1965) and David and Vogel (1996). Lycodon aulicus may itself represent a complex of species (C. Srinivasulu pers. comm. May 2011).

The confused taxonomy of this Lycodon capucinus, which is variously treated either as a full species or a subspecies of Lycodon aulicus, is discussed by O'Shea et al. (2018) and Leviton et al. (2018). Traditionally, L. aulicus is considered to occur in South Asia and L. capucinus in Southeast Asia and islands (including numerous introduced populations) (Siler et al. 2013), however the two taxa are almost impossible to distinguish morphologically and different authors have drawn range limits in different places (O'Shea et al. 2018).

Siler et al. (2013) were not able to clearly resolve the relationship between these two nominal species, but did not detect a division within this group that corresponded to this traditional division. They caution, however, that their samples from Myanmar (identified as L. aulicus) may correspond to L. capucinus, in which case they did not sample L. auilicus. This assessment follows the currently accepted division into a South and a Southeast Asian species, while recognizing that - as O'Shea et al. (2018) discuss - this is a convention dating from the ""mid- to late 20th Century"" and has never been strongly justified taxonomically.

Based on a morphological study of Lycodon aulicus from Myanmar and most of South Asia Ganesh and Vogel (2018) revalidated L. anamallensis, previously a junior synonym of L. aulicus, and included in its synonymy L. osmanhilli. The latter has variously been regarded as valid or as a junior synonym of L. aulicus." 172706,Eurylepis poonaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eurylepis,poonaensis,,,,,"(Sharma, 1970)","Eurylepis poonaensis was described by Sharma (1970) as Eumeces poonaensis based on a specimen collected from Katraj Ghat, Poona (now Pune District), Maharashtra, India. Griffith et al. (2000) and Schmitz et al. (2004) opin that Eurylepis poonaensis (Sharma 1970) belongs to Eurylepis taeniolatus group.  Further molecular work is needed to establish the relationship between this species and E. taeniolatus (Griffith et al. 2000, M.S. Khan pers. comm.)" 172707,Ahaetulla nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,nasuta,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1789)","The taxonomic history of Ahaetulla anomala was discussed by Mahopatra et al. (2017), who elevated it to specific status from within Ahaetulla nasuta and redescribed it, clarifying its distribution. Subspecific divisions within A. nasuta remain in need of clarification, as a number may represent distinct species and multiple varieties appear to exist within Sri Lanka - the type locality - alone (Deepak et al. 2019). This species complex is presently under revision (Achyuthan pers. comm. 2019)." 172708,Trimeresurus malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,malabaricus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)","Trimerusurus malabaricus was described by Jerdon in 1854 as Trigonocephalus malabaricus  based on specimens collected from different localities in Western Ghats (Smith 1943). Coluber gramineus has long been considered the type species of the taxonomically complex genus Trimeresurus (David et al. 2011), as the original type species T. viridis has long been considered a synonym. Investigation of this assignment by David et al. (2011) indicated that this was incorrect and that T. viridis (a combination that hasn't been used to describe a valid species since its original description in 1861), is instead a junior synonym of the Timorese species T. insularis. This recognition alters the generic identity of several taxa within the Trimeresurus genus complex, including T. malabaricus, and David et al. (2011) therefore assign T. malabaricus to Craspedocephalus (treated by these authors as a subgenus but more commonly as a full genus). This taxonomy does not, to date, appear to have gained broad acceptance, and this account retains T. malabaricus within Trimeresurus." 172709,Teretrurus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Teretrurus,sanguineus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1867)","Teretrurus sanguineus was described as Plectrurus sanguineus by Beddome in 1867 based on specimens collected near Pollachi (as Ponachi) in Anaimalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India  (Beddome 1867, Smith 1943)." 172710,Daboia russelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Daboia,russelii,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1797)","This species was described within the genus Vipera Laurenti, 1768 with the specific epithet russelii (Smith 1943), but was assigned to Daboia Gray, 1842 with the specific epithet russelli (Obst 1983, Hermann et al. 1992). This was corrected to russelii by Adler et al. (2000). The number of recognized subspecies of this wide-ranging snake, which was considered to have a heavily disjunct distribution in Southeast Asia, is variable, but six are traditionally accepted (Thorpe et al. 2007). Morphological analysis suggests that only two distinct forms exist, one (D. r. russelii) restricted to the Indian subcontinent and the other (for which the name with priority is D. r. siamensis) found in the remainder of the snake's range (Wūster et al. 1992). These authors refrained from elevating D. r. siamensis to a full species due to the lack of molecular research to support this conclusion. More recently, using both molecular and morphological data, Thorpe et al. (2007) found strong support for this conclusion and recognized two distinct species, D. russelii (incorporating the former subspecies D. r. pulchella and D. r. nordicus as well as D. r. russelii) and D. siamensis (incorporating D. r. limitis, D. r. sublimitis and D. r. formosensis). Due to low divergence between members of each lineage, Thorpe et al. (2007) do not recognize distinct subspecies of either form. " 172712,Hypnale hypnale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Hypnale,hypnale,,,,,"(Merem, 1820)","Examination of specimens from throughout this snake's range in Sri Lanka, and those from India, suggests that Hypnale hypnale consists of only a single morphologically diagnosable species despite its wide range (Maduwage et al. 2009). These authors designated a neotype and fix the type locality as Castle Rock in Karnataka, as the originally given type locality in ""Levant, Egypt, Arabia"" is ""obviously incorrect""; referred Ancistrodon millardi, H. ceylonensis and Trimeresurus affinis to the synonymy of H. hypnale; and removed H. zara from synonymy. Maduwage et al. (2009) note that a previous suggestion that the type locality had been restricted to Sri Lanka is in error, but that it is not possible to tell whether the original specimen was taken in India or Sri Lanka." 172713,Hemidactylus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,reticulatus,,,,,"Beddome, 1870","Hemidactylus reticulatus was described by Beddome (1870) based on a specimen collected from Kollegal, Karnataka (Smith 1935)." 172714,Uropeltis ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,ellioti,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)","Uropeltis ellioti was described as Siloboura ellioti by Gray in 1858 based on specimens collected near Madras (=Chennai), Tamil Nadu, India  (Gray 1858, Boulenger 1893, Smith 1943)." 172715,Gerrhopilus thurstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,thurstoni,,,,,"(Boettger, 1890)","Typhlops thurstoni was first described by Boettger in 1890 based on specimens collected from Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu (Smith 1943)." 172716,Hemiphyllodactylus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860","Some authors consider Hemiphyllodactylus insularis, whose description involved limited comparison with related species, to be a synonym of Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker, 1860. Although Kluge (2001) recognized it as valid he did so without explanation, and its status remained unclear until it was formally revalidated and redescribed by Zug (2010). In this author's scheme, all bisexual ""Hemiphyllodactylus typus"" from the Philippines correspond to H. insularis.  In this author's scheme, all bisexual ""Hemiphyllodactylus typus"" from the Philippines correspond to H. insularis. Grismer et al. (2013) subsequently examined the systematics of this group through integrative (both morphological and molecular) analysis and rejected this concept, instead restricting the name H. insularis to a population from western Mindanao." 172799,Agama agama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,agama,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomy of this wide-ranging species is presently under revision (P. Wagner pers. comm. July 2012). Until this work is published, this account follows the concept defined in the recent revision of Mediannikov et al. (2012). This treats Agama agama as an essentially West African endemic, with A. bocourti as a partial synonym (remaining subpopulations of this former species being assigned to A. africana - J.-F. Trape pers. comm. April 2012).
" 172864,Cryptoblepharus boutonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,boutonii,,,,,"(Des Jardin, 1831)","

Cryptoblepharus boutonii as traditionally defined has numerous subspecies, most of which have been treated as full species by many workers, as has been supported for the Australasian region using both morphological and molecular techniques (Horner and Adams 2007, Horner 2007), and possibly also for C. b. aldabrae from Aldabra in the Seychelles (S. Rocha pers. comm. June 2011). The entire complex was revised and 54 species defined by Horner (2007).

Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region (e.g. Blom et al. 2019, Augros and Hawlitschek 2019).

The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020).

" 172924,Madascincus polleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,polleni,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1869)","

This species is known to be paraphyletic with respect to Madascincus arenicola and M. stumpffi, but is here treated as a single species following Miralles et al. (2011) on the basis that the northern (unnamed) and western (M. polleni) clades are morphologically indistinguishable and further work is required to clarify species delimitation in this group. The relationship between M. polleni and M. intermedius, morphologically indistinguishable forms both originally described from western Madagascar and with similar documented ranges, is in need of resolution (Miralles et al. 2011). M. intermedius is provisionally treated here as a junior synonym of M. polleni following Miralles et al. (2011); however, it has been suggested based on unpublished data that M. intermedius may itself be a complex of three or five distinct species (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). M. stumpffi, tentatively synonymized with M. polleni by Glaw and Vences (2007), is here treated as a distinct species on the basis of its monophyly and morphological distinctiveness (Andreone and Greer 2002, Miralles et al. 2011), despite relatively poor support for its recognition as a clade distinct from ""M. polleni"" (Miralles et al. 2011).

" 172929,Brygophis coulangesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Brygophis,coulangesi,,,,,"(Domergue, 1988)",Research is needed to clarify whether records from the two known localities represent the same species (F. Glaw pers. comm. July 2011). 172965,Hemidactylus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,platycephalus,,,,,"Peters, 1854","Vences et al. (2004) supported the recognition of Hemidactylus platychephalus as a valid species distinct from H. mabouia and confirmed its presence in Madagascar, where it corresponds to the H. mabouia of Glaw and Vences (1994). At least three distinct, geographically discrete lineages have been identified within East African populations of this species, suggesting that this may be a species complex (Rocha et al. 2010)." 173018,Nyctibatrachus dattatreyaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,dattatreyaensis,,,,,"Dinesh, Radhakrishnan & Bhatta, 2008", 173021,Otocryptis beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Otocryptis,beddomii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","Otocryptis beddomii was first described by Boulenger in 1885 basing on specimens collected from Sivagiri Ghats in Cardamom Hills in Southern Kerala (Smith 1935)." 173025,Corbicula arata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,arata,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1878)","

There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. A high degree of local variation apparently due to environmental factors has led to a significant degree of over-description of taxa, and a modern revision is required.

" 173032,Lamellidens scutum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,scutum,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1868)",Taxonomic revision of the genus Lamellidens is required (A. Bogan pers. comm. 2014). 173053,Venustaconcha ellipsiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Venustaconcha,ellipsiformis,,,,,"(Conrad, 1836)","The ellipse has been treated as three separate species (Ortmann 1918) or as one species with two subspecies (Oesch 1984, 1995). Today, two species are recognized (Turgeon et al. 1998), the ellipse, Venustaconcha ellipsiformis (Conrad 1836) in the upper Midwest south through the Ozarks and the bleedingtooth mussel, Venustaconcha pleasii (Marsh, 1891) limited to the White River basin of the Ozarks (Riusech 2000, Barnhart 2001). Recent pylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Ambleminae confirms this. Venustaconcha ellipsiformis is a member of the Tribe Lampsilini, but it did not group closely with species with similar mantle flap morphology such as Lampsilis cardium, Lampsilis higginsii, Lampsilis siliquoidea, and Ligumia recta (Campbell et al. 2005; Allen et al. 2007). It was formerly placed in the genera Unio, Lampsilis, Nephronaias, Eurynia, Ligumia, and Actinonaias.  It is also known under the name Unio venustus (Lea, 1838) and Unio spatulatus (Lea, 1845).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 173058,Pleurobema athearni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,athearni,,,,,"Gangloff, Williams & Feminella, 2006",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 173061,Pleurobema sintoxia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,sintoxia,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","Recently, Oesch (1984, 1995) introduced the combination Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, 1820) as the senior synonym of Pleurobema coccineum (Conrad, 1836). Oesch did not provide any discussion or justification in resurrecting the Rafinesque name, but did include several morphological forms on the basis of habitat (Pleurobema coccineum form coccineum = headwater streams, Pleurobema coccineum form catillus = medium rivers, Pleurobema coccineum form solida = big rivers).

The members of the genus Pleurobema are among the most difficult to identify in North America. Arguments arise even among taxonomists regarding the ""species"" represented in the genus Pleurobema. Stansbery (1983) summarized many of the problems and identified a few of the shell characters used to separate Pleurobema sintoxia from the morphologically similar and often co-occurring Pleurobema plenum, Pleurobema cordatum, and Pleurobema rubrum. A few ""morphs"" have been variously identified and named but no rigorous genetic, anatomic, or conchologic study has ever been published on this group to help elucidate species boundaries or relationships.

Another important synonym of the species is Pleurobema catillus (Conrad, 1836). A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 173063,Uniomerus caroliniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Uniomerus,caroliniana,,,,,"(Bosc, 1801)","There is much taxonomic confusion associated with southern and eastern forms of this genus. Dozens of forms of this character-poor genus have been described. This species was overlooked as a synonym in the synonomies of both Uniomerus obesus (Lea, 1831) by Clench and Turner (1956), and of Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 1831) by Johnson (1972). Fuller (1972) stated that it ""had best be considered a nomen dubium"" based on the very brief description, lack of type specimens, an ambiguous figure, and high potential for confusion with Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 1786). However, Morrison (1976), who had once considered it a synonym of E. complanata, considered this species valid based on its habitat, which was described in the original description, and quoted from Morrison (1976) as being ""found living in mud which was dried so hard it could not be broken with a spade...any species found in such a habitat could only be a member of the genus Uniomerus"". With this in mind, Uniomerus carolinana should be considered a valid taxon. This species has been recognized in recent works by Heard (1979), Turgeon et al. (1998), Butler (1989) and Graf and Cummings (2007).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 173064,Uniomerus tetralasmus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Uniomerus,tetralasmus,,,,,"(Say, 1831)","There is much taxonomic confusion associated with southern and eastern forms of this genus. Dozens of forms of this character-poor genus have been described. Uniomerus declivis was included in the synonomies of both Uniomerus obesus (Lea, 1831) by Clench and Turner (1956), and of Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say 1831) by Johnson (1972) and Simpson (1914). Clench and Turner (1956) erroneously stated it as Unio declivis Conrad (1836), not Unio declivis Say (1831). It is recognized as a distinct species by Morrison (1976), Heard (1979), and Turgeon et al. (1998). Johnson (1999) questions whether Uniomerus declivis is merely a phenotypic variant of Uniomerus tetralasmus. This species is also known under Unio camptodon (Say, 1829) and Unio budianus (Lea, 1841).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 173069,Plectomerus dombeyanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Plectomerus,dombeyanus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1827)",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 173070,Fusconaia burkei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,burkei,,,,,"(Walker, 1922)","This species was moved from the genus Quincuncina to Fusconaia (Williams et al. 2008).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 173142,Parreysia khadakvaslaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,khadakvaslaensis,,,,,"(Ray, 1966)",
173147,Physunio ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,ferrugineus,,,,,"Annandale, 1918", 173154,Sphaerium montanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,montanum,,,,,"(Tapparone-Canefri, 1889)", 173155,Pila aperta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,aperta,,,,,"Philippi, 1849", 173169,Intha capitis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Intha,capitis,,,,,"(Annandale, 1922)", 173179,Tricula horae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,horae,,,,,"Annandale & Rao, 1925","Tricula horae is considered a nomen dubium (S. Attwood pers. comm. 2010)." 166263,Sermyla riqueti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Sermyla,riqueti,,,,,"(Grateloup, 1840)","

The other names are as follows:  Melania riqueti, Thiara riqueti, Melanoider (Sermyla) riqueti.

" 17397,Pisidium ultramontanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ultramontanum,,,,,"Prime, 1865·", 17398,Pisidium sanguinichristi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,sanguinichristi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1987)", 174089,Salea horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Salea,horsfieldii,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 174129,Barkudia melanosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Barkudia,melanosticta,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","The type of Barkudia insularis was long considered lost, and records from Waltair in Visakhapatnam were assigned to this species, then considered a monotypic genus, by multiple authors. The rediscovery of the holotype by Das and Dattagupta (1997) allowed comparison of the Visakhapatnam material with the the type. Based on this comparison, Das (1999) determined that the material from Waltair is not conspecific with B. insularis. This author confirmed the assignment of the neglected name Anguis melanosticta for this population and transferred the species to Barkudia." 174425,Maniola halicarnassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Maniola,halicarnassus,,,,,"Thomson, 1990", 174471,Brachylophus bulabula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Brachylophus,bulabula,,,,,"Fisher, Harlow, Edwards & Keogh, 2008","Prior to analysis by Keogh et al. (2008), all the banded iguanas were lumped as a single species. The Fiji Banded Iguana (Brachylophus bulabula) is now recognized as distinct from the Lau Banded Iguana (Brachylophus fasciatus). Most previous references pertaining to iguanas in central Fiji are now attributed to B. bulabula.

Morphological data from recent surveys suggest there may be more than one taxa within the bulabula group. On two islands north of Vanua Levu (Mali and Cikobia), iguanas show marked variation in adult body size and some scale counts when compared to southern populations, for example, Makodroga and Kadavu. However, more samples and DNA analysis is needed to develop detailed comparisons (R. Fisher and P. Harlow pers. comm. 2011)." 174472,Conolophus marthae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Conolophus,marthae,,,,,"Gentile & Snell, 2009","Conolophus marthae was recently described. No prior reference exists in the taxonomic literature as the species was not known before its description (Gentile and Snell 2009). The description was based on morphological, genetic, and behavioural diagnostic traits. The holotype is a free-living adult male tagged with a subcutaneous electronic marker, branded, and released. Further genetic evidence supporting separate taxonomic status of the Galápagos Pink Land Iguana prior to the species description is found in Gentile et al. 2009 and Tzika et al. 2008. Gentile et al. (2009) disclaims the name ‘‘rosada’’ for nomenclatural purposes (Articles 8.2 and 8.3, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 1999)." 174473,Ctenosaura acanthura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,acanthura,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","The species is sometimes not easily separated morphologically from Ctenosaura pectinata. The typical black coloration can be confused with the southern C. pectinata clade, but males and females tend to be smaller. Based on genetic data, Zarza et al. (2008) suggested that the southern portion of the distribution of C. pectinata belongs to the C. acanthura clade. However, with a more complete and inclusive analysis, the limits of the distribution of both species is maintained as previously known, where C. acanthura is located north of the Tehuantepec Isthmus, México, and C. pectinata to the south (Zarza et al. 2019). Genetically, populations from Cuicatlán in the state of Hidalgo, México (Canseco-Márquez and Gutiérrez-Mayén 2010), correspond to C. pectinata (Zarza et al. 2008, 2019)." 174474,Ctenosaura conspicuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,conspicuosa,,,,,"Dickerson, 1919","There has been considerable debate of the specific states of the San Esteban Spiny-tailed Iguana, and it is often referenced in the literature as Ctenosaura hemilopha hemilopha (part, Lowe and Norris 1955) or Ctenosaura hemilopha conspicuosa (Lowe and Norris 1955)." 174475,Ctenosaura hemilopha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,hemilopha,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)","The Ctenosaura hemilopha complex has been separated and lumped variously over time. The complex includes C. hemilopha, C. macrolopha, C. conspicuosa and C. nolascensis, and noted at the species or subspecies level (Grismer 1999a, 2002; Davy et al. 2011). Ctenosaura insulana, from Isla Cerralvo, is now recognized as part of the C. hemilopha species (Grismer 1999a, 2002)." 174476,Ctenosaura macrolopha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,macrolopha,,,,,"Smith, 1972","Ctenosaura macrolopha has been considered as part of the Ctenosaura hemilopha complex. This complex has been separated and lumped variously over time and includes C. hemilopha, C. macrolopha, C. conspicuosa and C. nolascensis, and noted at the species or subspecies level (Grismer 1999, 2002). C. macrolopha has a 20-km linear north-south hybridization area with C. pectinata in the southern part of its distribution, where hybrids can be recognized by their mix of characters from both species (Zarza et al. 2008)." 174477,Ctenosaura nolascensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,nolascensis,,,,,"Smith, 1972","There has been considerable debate over the species status of the Nolasco Spiny-tailed Iguana, and it is often referenced in the literature as Ctenosaura hemilopha hemilopha (Lowe and Norris 1955) or Ctenosaura hemilopha nolascensis (Smith 1972). The iguana was most recently recognized at the species level by Grismer (1999a). Genetic components of two lineages have been detected within the island (Cryder 1999, Davy et al. 2010, Reynoso et al. 2010)." 174478,Ctenosaura pectinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,pectinata,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","Based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, Zarza et al. (2008) suggested that the southern portion of the distribution of Ctenosaura pectinata belongs to the Ctenosaura acanthura clade. However, with a more complete and inclusive analysis, the limits of the distribution of both species is maintained as previously known, where C. acanthura is located north of the Tehuantepec Isthmus and C. pectinata to the south (Zarza et al. 2019). Additionally, the authors suggest this species should be split based on three different molecular and geographically concordant clades. The name Ctenosaura brachylopha can be resurrected to name northeastearn populations (originally described by Bailey 1928). Ctenosaura pectinata will remain for the central and eastern populations, and a new species will be described for the southern populations with further morphological data in progress. For the time being, the assessment of the species considers the standing taxonomy for C. pectinata, and evaluates its status throughout the entire distribution." 174483,Sauromalus klauberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Sauromalus,klauberi,,,,,"Shaw, 1941","Morphological data places Sauromalus klauberi as sister to S. slevini, with that clade being sister to S. ater (Hollingsworth 1998), while molecular data places it with peninsular S. ater (Petren and Case 2002). Sauromalus klauberi was designated as a subspecies of S. ater by Soulé and Sloan (1966) without comment until Murphy (1983) elevated it back to species status. The species has been taxonomically supported since its description (Hollingsworth 1998)." 174484,Sauromalus slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Sauromalus,slevini,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1922","Morphological data places Sauromalus slevini as sister to S. klauberi, with that clade being sister to S. ater (Hollingsworth 1998), while molecular data places it as sister to a clade containing both S. klauberi and populations of S. ater from the southern Baja California peninsula (Petren and Case 2002). Sauromalus slevini was designated as a subspecies of S. ater by Robinson (1974) without comment until Etheridge (1982) elevated it back to species status. The species has been taxonomically supported since its description (Hollingsworth 1998)." 174485,Sauromalus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Sauromalus,varius,,,,,"Dickerson, 1919","The species has been taxonomically supported since its description (Hollingsworth 1998). Morphological data places Sauromalus varius as sister to all other Sauromalus (Hollingsworth 1998), while molecular data groups S. varius in a clade with S. hispidus (Petren and Case 1997, 2002)." 174486,Tremoctopus gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,TREMOCTOPODIDAE,Tremoctopus,gracilis,,,,,"(Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852)","The systematics of Tremoctopodidae was reviewed by Thomas (1977). He concluded that two species existed, T. violaceus, comprising the subspecies T. v. violaceus in the Atlantic Ocean and T. v. gracilis in the Pacific Ocean, and a new deep-water species T. gelatus Thomas, 1977.  O'Shea (1999) resurrected the New Zealand species, T. robsoni. Given that T. v. violaceus was no more different from T. robsoni than it was from T. v. gracilis, Mangold et al. (2008) elevated the two subspecies of T. violaceus to specific level." 174487,Tremoctopus violaceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,TREMOCTOPODIDAE,Tremoctopus,violaceus,,,,,"Delle Chiaje, 1830","The systematics of Tremoctopodidae was reviewed by Thomas (1977). He concluded that two species existed, T. violaceus, comprising the subspecies T. v. violaceus in the Atlantic Ocean and T. v. gracilis in the Pacific Ocean, and a new deep-water species T. gelatus Thomas, 1977.  O'Shea (1999) resurrected the New Zealand species, T. robsoni. Given that T. v. violaceus was no more different from T. robsoni than it was from T. v. gracilis, Mangold et al. (2008) elevated the two subspecies of T. violaceus to specific level." 174509,Hypsibarbus oatesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,oatesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)","Hypsibarbus oatesi was described from Nampandet, Myanmar (Boulenger 1893). The species was originally described as a species of Barbus, but was reassigned to the genus Hypsibarbus by Rainboth (1996). This species is often confused with H. myitkyinae, but can be distinguished chiefly by scale counts (Rainboth 1996). This species, along with H. myitkyinae, has often been the source of taxonomic confusion in the past. Pillay (1951) placed both species in synonymy with Puntius sarana based on similar scale counts, a taxonomic act that some authors (e.g. Talwar and Jhingran 1991) follow.  Both Hypsibarbus species differ from P. sarana and its close relatives in external characters of scale morphology, dorsal fin spine serration and mouth inclination (Rainboth 1996)." 174513,Mnais icteroptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnais,icteroptera,,,,,"Fraser, 1929","Mnais icteroptera was described by Fraser (1929) on the basis of a single male specimen from ‘Kalaw, Chin Hills, Burma’ without other collecting data. The holotype is preserved in BMNH (Kimmins 1966). At present this seems to be the only known specimen of this species, the taxonomic status of which remains uncertain. Asahina (1975) supposed preliminarily that it might be a form of M. andersoni McLachlan, 1873." 174531,Paracercion dorothea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,dorothea,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","This species is sometimes placed in the genus Ischnura. Recent work by Yu and Bu (2011) moved Coenagrion dorothea to Paracercion." 174532,Coenagrion tengchongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,tengchongensis,,,,,"Yu & Bu, 2007",Coenagrion tengchongensis is only known from four male specimens. 174538,Chlorogomphus daviesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,daviesi,,,,,"Karube, 2001", 174545,Idionyx yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,yunnanensis,,,,,"Zhou et al., 1994", 174549,Macromia kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,kiautai,,,,,"Zhou et al., 1994", 174553,Macromia yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,yunnanensis,,,,,"Zhou et al., 1993","The species was described from a single male, and apparently differs from Macromia chui Asahina, 1968 only in size and small details; it may ultimately prove to be a variant of M. chui or some other Macromia species." 175067,Australiteuthis aldrichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,AUSTRALITEUTHIDAE,Australiteuthis,aldrichi,,,,,"Lu, 2005","The type locality is the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, Western Australia at 14° 07.30' S, 28° 02.00' E (Sweeney 2012)." 175079,Corbicula peninsularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,peninsularis,,,,,"Prashad, 1928", 175363,Callulina dawida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,dawida,,,,,"Loader, Measey, De Sá & Malonza, 2009","Prior to its description this species was considered to belong to a widespread form, Callulina kreffti (Loader et al. 2009). C. kreffti as now understood is a restricted-range species that may be endemic to the East Usambara Mountains (Loader et al. 2010, 2014)." 17585,Platysternon megacephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PLATYSTERNIDAE,Platysternon,megacephalum,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 176042,Anonychonitis freyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anonychonitis,freyi,,,,,Janssens ,The genus Anonychonitis Janssens 1950 is monotypic and occupies a small range in southeast Africa. 176047,Tetrapleurodon geminis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Tetrapleurodon,geminis,,,,,"Alvarez, 1964", 176049,Opisthoteuthis borealis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,borealis,,,,,"Collins, 2005","Collins (2005) notes that Opisthoteuthis borealis  females are rather difficult to distinguish. Most of the key characters are found on mature males and females could be confused with O. massyae females as both species possess a bilobed digestive gland. The arm sucker count is generally greater in O. massyae. The type locality of O. borealis is 63°10’N 54°14’W." 176050,Opisthoteuthis calypso,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,calypso,,,,,"Villanueva, Collins, Sanchez & Voss, 2002","This species was described in 2002 by Villanueva, Collins, Sanchez and Voss.  Many specimens from the Eastern Atlantic were previously attributed to Opisthoteuthis agassizii." 176051,Opisthoteuthis hardyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,hardyi,,,,,"Villanueva, Collins, Sanchez & Voss, 2002","Until recently, this species was only known from the holotype. The type locality is at 53°18'S, 42°12'W (off South Georgia)." 176053,Grimpoteuthis boylei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,boylei,,,,,"Collins, 2003", 176054,Grimpoteuthis challengeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,challengeri,,,,,"Collins, 2003","This species was described as Grimpoteuthis challengeri Collins, 2003 from a series of specimens taken from hauls on the Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the Northeast Atlantic. The type locality is 48°56'N, 15°45'W at depths of 4,828–4,838 m. A further specimen is known from the northwest Atlantic although precise co-ordinates are not available." 176055,Grimpoteuthis discoveryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Grimpoteuthis,discoveryi,,,,,"Collins, 2003","This species was described as Grimpoteuthis discoveryi Collins 2003 from a series of specimens captured in the North East Atlantic. The type locality is in the Porcupine Seabight, 49°35'N, 14°01'W, 4,190–4,255 m." 176058,Cryptoteuthis brevibracchiata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Cryptoteuthis,brevibracchiata,,,,,"Collins, 2004 ","This species is known from a single, well-preserved specimen taken from a trawl in the Eastern North Atlantic, Porcupine Seabight, 49°54 N, 12°21 W at 2,274-2,300 m water depth. This species is the type of the genus Cryptoteuthis by monotypy." 176060,Luteuthis shuishi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Luteuthis,shuishi,,,,,"O’Shea & Lu, 2002","Originally described as Luteuthis shuishi O'Shea and Lu, 2002, this species is known only from a single specimen. The type locality is 19° 30.1’N, 114° 09.8’E at water depths of 754-767 m." 176063,Asperoteuthis lui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Asperoteuthis,lui,,,,,"Salcedo-Vargas, 1999","Members of Asperoteuthis can easily be misidentified as Grimalditeuthis if they have lost their tentacles (Young and Roper 2008).  Asperoteuthis acanthoderma, A. mangoldae, A. sp. B and A. lui and A. nesisi belong to the genus Asperoteuthis (Young and Roper 2008) but A. sp. B is probably a junior synonym of A. nesisi (Arkhipkin and Laptikhovsky 2008).  Asperoteuthis lui is known from a single damaged specimen." 176064,Asperoteuthis mangoldae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Asperoteuthis,mangoldae,,,,,"Young, Vecchione & Roper, 2007","Members of Asperoteuthis can easily be misidentified as Grimalditeuthis if they have lost their tentacles (Young and Roper 2008). Asperoteuthis acanthoderma, A. mangoldae, A. sp. B and A. lui and A. nesisi belong to the genus Asperoteuthis (Young and Roper 2008) but A. sp. B is probably a junior synonym of A. nesisi (Arkhipkin and Laptikhovsky 2008)." 176065,Chiroteuthis picteti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Chiroteuthis,picteti,,,,,"Joubin, 1894",Its wide geographic distribution and morphological variation between individuals collected from different regions both suggest more than one species is present (Roper and Young 2009). 176066,Chiroteuthis veranyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Chiroteuthis,veranyi,,,,,"Ferussac, 1835", Given its wide geographic distribution and morphological variation between regions it is likely that more than one species is present (Roper and Young 1999). 176067,Abralia omiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Abralia,omiae,,,,,"Hidaka & Kubodera, 2000", 176068,Enoploteuthis leptura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,leptura,,,,,"Leach, 1817", 176069,Enoploteuthis magnoceani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE,Enoploteuthis,magnoceani,,,,,"Nesis, 1982",This species has never been fully described. A redescription is essential. 176070,Berryteuthis magister,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,GONATIDAE,Berryteuthis,magister,,,,,"Berry, 1913","Recently two subspecies have been described. Berryteuthis magister nipponensis occurs in the waters around northern Japan, and B. magister shevtsovi occurs in the Sea of Japan between 200 and 600m in depth (Kubodera 2006a; Kubodera 2006b)." 176072,Histioteuthis berryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,berryi,,,,,"Voss, 1969",This species is only known from a small number of specimens and mature animals have never been captured. 176073,Histioteuthis celetaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,celetaria,,,,,"Voss, 1960",Only 25 specimens are known from this poorly understood species. 176074,Histioteuthis cerasina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,cerasina,,,,,"Nesis, 1971", 176075,Histioteuthis corona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,corona,,,,,"Voss & Voss, 1962", 176076,Histioteuthis inermis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,inermis,,,,,"Taki, 1964", 176077,Histioteuthis pacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Histioteuthis,pacifica,,,,,"Voss, 1962","Unfortunately, identification problems with this species mean that it is not clear which records are valid." 176079,Stigmatoteuthis dofleini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,HISTIOTEUTHIDAE,Stigmatoteuthis,dofleini,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1912", 176081,Nematolampas venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,LYCOTEUTHIDAE,Nematolampas,venezuelensis,,,,,"Arocha, 2003",This species is known only from four immature specimens. 176082,Magnapinna atlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MAGNAPINNIDAE,Magnapinna,atlantica,,,,,"Vecchione & Young, 2006", 176083,Mastigoteuthis microlucens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,microlucens,,,,,"Young, Lindgren & Vecchione, 2008",This is one of the most taxonomically confused families of squid. 176084,Mastigoteuthis tyroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE,Mastigoteuthis,tyroi,,,,,"Salcedo-Vargas, 1997","This is one of the most taxonomically confused families of squid.  M. tyroi is only known from paralarvae.  They probably represent the juvenile form of another known species of Mastigoteuthis." 176085,Todarodes pacificus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Todarodes,pacificus,,,,,"Steenstrup, 1880", 176086,Promachoteuthis sloani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PROMACHOTEUTHIDAE,Promachoteuthis,sloani,,,,,"Young, Vecchione & Piatkowski, 2006", 176087,Promachoteuthis sulcus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PROMACHOTEUTHIDAE,Promachoteuthis,sulcus,,,,,"Young, Vecchione & Roper, 2007", 176088,Pterygioteuthis giardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PYROTEUTHIDAE,Pterygioteuthis,giardi,,,,,"Fischer, 1896", 99156022,Hemidactylus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,frenatus,,,,,"Schlegel in Duméril & Bibron, 1836","Hemidactylus frenatus was first described by Dumeril and Bibron in 1836 based on specimens from Java (Brygoo 1991). Fitzinger (1826) used the name Hemidactylus javanicus but as no description or diagnosis was provided, the name is considered a nomen nudum (Bauer 1994).

Mazuch et al. (2016) resurrected the name H. fragilis Calabrisi, 1915 for populations from northeast Africa which these authors recognized as a separate species, and this scheme is followed here." 176155,Emoia cyanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,cyanura,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)",Probably represents a complex of species (Bruna et al. 1996). 176157,Hemidactylus garnotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,garnotii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1836","Following conventional usage the name Hemidactylus garnotii is used here for a widespread Asian, Indian Ocean and Oceanian species. Zug et al. (2007), in applying this concept, nevertheless caution that molecular analysis is necessary to confirm that Asian records are referrable to H. garnotti (whose type locality is Tahiti) following the recognition of the morphologically similar but karyotypically distinct H. vietnamensis and H. stejnegeri from this region." 176159,Gehyra vorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,vorax,,,,,"Girard, 1857","This species has sometimes been treated as a synonym of Gehyra oceanica following Burt and Burt (1932); although most subsequent authors have continued to recognize G. vorax as valid, this was not systematically confirmed until combined morphological and molecular work by Flecks et al. (2012). This work also removed G. marginata and (by implication) G. membranacruralis from synonymy with G. vorax and assigned populations from Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands to a new species, G. georgpotthasti, essentially confining G. vorax sensu stricto to Fiji." 127902230,Sitana ponticeriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,ponticeriana,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","Amarasinghe et al. (2015) revised Sitana ponticeriana, removing S. deccanensis from synonymy and describing two new species - S. bahiri and S. devakai - from Sri Lanka. Subsequently, Deepak et al. (2018) suggested that S. bahiri should be considered a junior synonym of S. ponticeriana, citing morphological and molecular evidence reported in previous papers that suggested ""extensive overlap between S. ponticeriana and S. bahiri"". Confusingly, Deepak et al. (2016b), the paper they cite in support of the morphological similarity, makes no reference to the two taxa being difficult to diagnose morphologically, describes distinct differences in dewlap size, and provides distribution records for S. bahiri that appear not to correspond to the known range of the species recognized under this name by Amarasinghe et al. (2015) (but may represent records of ""Sitana cf. bahiri"", a genetically similar form that Deepak et al. 2016a explicitly refrained from referring to S. bahiri). An earlier paper (Deepak et al. 2016a) states ""Sitana bahiri from Sri Lanka has a bilobed hemipenis which has very different micro-ornamentation compared to its sister species Sitana ponticeriana"" and also reports differences in dewlap size, which they consider an important diagnostic character for this genus. Due to this confusion, it is unclear whether the sequences referred to by Deepak and Karanth (2018) correspond to the original concept of S. bahiri. As Deepak et al. (2018) provided no novel data to resolve this confusion, S. bahiri is here treated as a valid species pending further taxonomic research." 176221,Trapelus jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,jayakari,,,,,"(Anderson, 1896)","Arnold (1986) considered Trapelus jayakari to be a junior synonym of T. flavimaculatus. This paper, a checklist, provides no justification for this action and does not take formal taxonomic action, so this concept is not followed here. Subsequent confusion over the validity of this taxon may be responsible for the lack of recent information on this species, as later authors may have considered it within T. flavimaculatus (S. Anderson pers. comm. June 2012)." 176224,Amphisbaena alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,alba,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 176251,Celestus scansorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,scansorius,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1996", 176253,Mesaspis monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Mesaspis,monticola,,,,,"(Cope, 1877)", 176254,Mesaspis moreletii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Mesaspis,moreletii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1871","This species has five subspecies:
M. moreletii moreletii Bocourt, 1871
M. moreletii fulvus Bocourt, 1871
M. moreletii rafaeli (Hartweg & Tihen, 1946)
M. moreletii salvadorensis (Hartweg & Tihen, 1946)
M. moreletii temporalis (Hartweg & Tihen, 1946)" 176287,Petropedetes vulpiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,vulpiae,,,,,"Barej, Rödel, Gonwouo, Pauwels, Böhme & Schmitz, 2010","This species has long been misidentified as Petropedetes newtonii (Barej et al. 2010). As presently recognized, P. vulpiae includes forms at the eastern and western extents of its range that differ in advertisement call, and which may therefore represent distinct species (Barej et al. 2010). A further undescribed form known from Gabon has previously been assigned to this species (as P. newtonii - Frost et al. 2006; Barej et al. 2010) and is included within this assessment." 176288,Petropedetes euskircheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,euskircheni,,,,,"Barej, Rödel, Gonwouo, Pauwels, Böhme & Schmitz, 2010","The two known populations of this species are morphologically indistinguishable but genetically divergent. Barej et al. (2010) consider that the two populations conspecific. These authors caution that males are unknown from Mt. Nlonako, and a future discovery that males of the two populations are morphologically distinct may therefore justify recognizing two species. Some of the populations in central Cameroon, the Manengouba Mountains, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea that Barej et al. provisionally assign to P. aff. parkeri (included in the P. parkeri assessment) may represent this species." 176289,Petropedetes juliawurstnerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,juliawurstnerae,,,,,"Barej, Rödel, Gonwouo, Pauwels, Böhme & Schmitz, 2010", 176306,Chamaeleo calyptratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,calyptratus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron in Duméril & Duméril, 1851","Subspecies:
C. calyptratus calcarifer Peters, 1871." 176308,Chamaeleo dilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,dilepis,,,,,"Leach, 1819","

A number of subspecies of Chamaeleo dilepis (C. d. dilepis, C. d. idjwiensis, C. d. isabellinus, C. d. martensi, C. d. petersii, C. d. ruspolii) are recognised, partly due to morphological variation across the species' very large geographic range (Klaver and& Böhme 1997, Neças 2004). The validity of these subspecies is unclear and a detailed taxonomic revision of the species complex would be useful. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis suggest there is species level diversity within C. dilepis (Main et al. 2018). Included in the C. dilepis species complex are C. roperi and C. quilensis, but their taxonomic status also requires further investigation. Tilbury (2018) considers all of the above-mentioned taxa, as well as C. angusticoronatus, as variants of a polymorphic C. dilepis.

" 176324,Achalinus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,ater,,,,,"Bourret, 1937", 176325,Achalinus jinggangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,jinggangensis,,,,,"(Zong & Ma, 1983)", 176338,Anoplohydrus aemulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Anoplohydrus,aemulans,,,,,"Werner, 1909","The correct familial placement of this species and genus (a mono-specific genus) is under debate. Some authors treat it under Colubridae, others consider it a member of the Homalopsidae, and yet others prefer to place it under Natricidae (Zaher et al. 2009). The latter treatment is followed here, although the relationships within the Natricidae are not yet fully resolved." 176342,Aplopeltura boa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Aplopeltura,boa,,,,,"(Boie, 1828)",This species is the only member of its genus. 176362,Atretium schistosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Atretium,schistosum,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)", 176620,Boiga bourreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,bourreti,,,,,"Tillack, Ziegler & le Khac Quyet, 2004", 176621,Boiga forsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,forsteni,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Boiga forsteni was described by Duméril, Bibron and Duméril in 1854 as Trigylphodon forsteni based on a specimen collected from unknown locality (Smith 1943). Four distinct colour morphs of this species have been recognized from Odisha, India, and variation within B. forsteni both in Odisha and elsewhere suggests that the taxonomy of this species warrants investigation (Mohapatra et al. 2010). More than seven colour morphs have since been identified in India, but its taxonomy remains unstudied (P. Mohapatra pers. comm.)" 176623,Calamaria abstrusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,abstrusa,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965", 176625,Calamaria hilleniusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,hilleniusi,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965", 176626,Calamaria ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,ingeri,,,,,"Grismer, Kaiser & Yaakob, 2004", 176627,Calamaria lumbricoidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,lumbricoidea,,,,,"H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827", 176631,Calamaria septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,septentrionalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890","Huang and Zheng (2018) found high levels of genetic divergence between two samples of Calamaria septentrionalis, and suggested that taxonomic research may be required to clarify the systematics of this possible species complex." 17666,Pleurobema curtum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,curtum,,,,,"I. Lea, 1859", 176718,Acrochordus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ACROCHORDIDAE,Acrochordus,javanicus,,,,,"Hornstedt, 1787","Independent molecular markers suggest A. javanicus includes two species: the first occurring in Thailand, West and East Malayia, North Sumatra and Riau, the second in Jambi and South Sumatra, Java and Kalimanatan (Sanders et al. in review)." 17671,Pleurobema taitianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,taitianum,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1834)", 176774,Chrysopelea pelias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chrysopelea,pelias,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 131300703,Dasypeltis scabra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,scabra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This is a species with a taxonomically complex recent history. Recent research has shown the presence of several cryptic species (Trape et al. 2012, Bates and Broadley 2018). The Egyptian population has been split off as Dasypeltis bazi (Saleh and Sarhan 2016). Subsequently, Bates and Broadley (2018) described D. taylori from northern Somalia and D. arabica from Saudi Arabia and Yemen, both from material previously assigned to D. scabra. Dasypeltis scabra sensu stricto is widely distributed from the Cape through East African savannas to Sudan, South Sudan and Ethiopia in the north (Bates and Broadley 2018). For consistency with the lineage-based species concept applied by Bates and Broadley (2018) these authors recognized the diagnosably distinct form originally described as Dasypeltis scabra loveridgei (previously treated as a synonym of D. s. scabra) from Namibia as a full species." 116827083,Dendrelaphis calligaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,calligaster,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","This species was described as Dendrelaphis calligastra, and this is the form of the name that is most widely-used within Australian literature. The use of calligaster follows Boulenger (1894), who changed the gender of the species name in accordance with the masculine generic name Dendrophis (calligaster being masculine - P. Uetz and G. Vogel pers. comm. 2017) without comment.

The taxonomy of Dendrelaphis snakes has long been poorly-resolved, and has further been confused in the Australo-Papuan region by varied taxonomic treatments involving as many as 28 nominal taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) (van Rooijen et al. 2015). Dendrelaphis calligaster alone was recognized as containing six subspecies by Meise and Hennig (1932), all which were subsequently treated as full species (see discussion in van Rooijen et al. 2015). While recognizing that the status of many of these taxa was uncertain, Cogger et al. (1983) synonymized these taxa and D. lineolatus within D. calligaster; two of these (D. salomonis and D. papuensis) were revalidated the following year by McDowell (1984).

Van Rooijen et al. (2015) attempted the most comprehensive morphological revision of Australo-Papuan Dendrelaphis to date, based on a sample of 171 museum specimens from New Guinea, Australia and Palau and including type specimens for 20 of the nominal taxa (no types surviving for four others, and the remainder being examined based on photographs as the specimens were unavailable). This work revalidated Dendrelaphis lineolatus as a species distinct from D. calligaster, confirmed the validity of D. papuensis, and resynonymized D. salomonis within D. calligaster. In common with Cogger (1983) van Rooijen et al. (2015) caution that D. calligaster is likely to be a species complex, and that further studies are required to clarify divisions within this group and the status of D. salomonis. The status of D. c. distinguendus is unresolved as the holotype was destroyed in World War II; van Rooijen et al. (2015) provisionally elect to follow Cogger (1983) in considering this form a junior synonym of D. calligaster, but note morphological differences indicated in the description." 176783,Dendrelaphis cyanochloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,cyanochloris,,,,,"(Wall, 1921)","This is a recognized species complex (Jiang et al. 2020). These authors examined records of Dendrelaphis from China and, while recognizing D. cyanochloris from Tibet, Yunnan and Hainan (including records previously assigned to D. ngansonensis, which Jiang et al. (2020) do not include in the Chinese fauna), these authors noted that it is unlikely the Hainan and Yunnan records correspond to true D. cyanochloris.

Records from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands represent confusion with D. andamanensis and D. humayuni respectively (Rangasmy et al. 2018, Vogel and van Rooijen 2007)." 176785,Dendrelaphis grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,grandoculis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","Dendrelaphis grandoculis was described by Boulenger in 1890 as Dendrophis grandoculis based on specimens collected from Thirunelvelli Hills and Coonoor Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India (Smith 1943)." 116813025,Dendrelaphis punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,punctulatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1826)","Van Rooijen et al. (2015) revised the taxonomy of Australo-Papuan Dendrelaphis, removing D. striolatus (long considered a subspecies) from synonymy and assigning the majority of New Guinean records to a previously cryptic taxon, for which they determined the name with priority to be D. macrops. Additional records previously assigned to varieties of D. punctulatus (Meyer, 1874) were determined on the basis of the original descriptions (the types having been destroyed) to represent D. lineolatus (van Rooijen et al. 2015), which these authors recognize as a species distinct from D. calligaster. Based on the original description, the holotype having been lost, these authors also determine that the name Dendrelaphis olivacea Macleay, 1878 is ""unambiguously"" a junior synonym of D. punctulatus." 176790,Dipsas nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,nicholsi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1933)", 176795,Dipsas viguieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,viguieri,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1884)", 176798,Drymobius melanotropis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymobius,melanotropis,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 176799,Drymobius rhombifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymobius,rhombifer,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 17679,Pleurobema decisum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,decisum,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)", 176800,Dryophiops rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dryophiops,rubescens,,,,,"(Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1835)", 176805,Erythrolamprus bizona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,bizona,,,,,"Jan, 1863", 176806,Geophis brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,brachycephalus,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 176807,Geophis dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,dunni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1932", 176808,Geophis ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,ruthveni,,,,,"Werner, 1925", 176809,Gongylosoma scripta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gongylosoma,scripta,,,,,"(Theobald, 1868)", 176820,Imantodes inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Imantodes,inornatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 176821,Imantodes phantasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Imantodes,phantasma,,,,,"Myers, 1982", 176843,Lycodon jara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,jara,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 176845,Lycodon paucifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,paucifasciatus,,,,,"Rendahl & Smith, 1943", 176846,Lycodon zawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,zawi,,,,,"Slowinski, Pawar, Win, Thin, Tun, Gyi, Oo & Tun, 2001", 176858,Macrocalamus chanardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Macrocalamus,chanardi,,,,,"David & Pauwels, 2004", 176859,Macrocalamus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Macrocalamus,lateralis,,,,,"Günther, 1864",The original holotype of this species has now been redescribed as M. chanardi ( David and Pauwels 2004). 17685,Pleurobema hanleyianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,hanleyianum,,,,,"(Lea, 1852)", 176867,Ninia espinali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,espinali,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1995",This species and Ninia celata were described from specimens labelled as Ninia atrata. 176869,Nothopsis rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Nothopsis,rugosus,,,,,"Cope, 1871", 17689,Pleurobema perovatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,perovatum,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 17690,Pleurobema pyriforme,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,pyriforme,,,,,"(Lea, 1857)", 17692,Pleurobema rubellum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,rubellum,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 17699,Pleurocera corpulenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,corpulenta,,,,,"Anthony, 1854", 17701,Pleurocera foremani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,foremani,,,,,"(Lea, 1843)","Bogan and Pierson (1993) recommended that Pleurocera prasinata, P. vestita, P. foremani, P. showalteri and P. annuliferum should be compared to see if these species are actually clinal variants of the same species. However, this has not been peer reviewed. Based on unpublished molecular data, P. foremani should be recognized as Elimia foremani. For this assessment, we follow the current taxonomy of P. foremani as a valid species." 177408,Oligodon affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,affinis,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 177409,Oligodon cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,cinereus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 127903655,Oligodon cyclurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,cyclurus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)","This is a recognized species complex whose taxonomy has been considered problematic (David et al. 2011). These authors determined that this species was described from Bangladesh, rather than Thailand as previously proposed, and recognized Southeast Asian populations as the distinct species Oligodon fasciolatus (with which they synonymized the former subspecies O. cyclurus smithi and O. c. superfluens). These authors also removed Oligodon kheriensis from western Nepal and adjacent India as a distinct species.

A specimen reported by Liang (2003) as Oligodon cyclurus may in fact be conspecific with the enigmatic Simotes trinotatus, known from a single specimen and long synonymized (""clearly"" erroneously based on an examination of the specimen - David and Vogel 2012) within O. purpurascens (David and Vogel 2012)." 177414,Oligodon joynsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,joynsoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1917)", 177416,Oligodon lacroixi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,lacroixi,,,,,"Angel & Bourret, 1933", 177417,Oligodon macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,macrurus,,,,,"(Angel, 1927)", 177418,Oligodon planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,planiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 177422,Oligodon torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,torquatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 177425,Omoadiphas texiguatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Omoadiphas,texiguatensis,,,,,"McCranie & Castañeda, 2004", 177427,Oocatochus rufodorsatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oocatochus,rufodorsatus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1842)", 177428,Opisthotropis maxwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,maxwelli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 177430,Paratapinophis praemaxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Paratapinophis,praemaxillaris,,,,,"Angel, 1929", 177434,Pareas boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,boulengeri,,,,,"(Angel, 1920)", 177440,Plagiopholis delacouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Plagiopholis,delacouri,,,,,"Angel, 1929",This species could be part of a species complex (G. Vogel pers. comm.). 177441,Plagiopholis nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Plagiopholis,nuchalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 177442,Plagiopholis styani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Plagiopholis,styani,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 177444,Pliocercus euryzonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pliocercus,euryzonus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 177486,Micrurus ruatanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,ruatanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)", 177487,Naja kaouthia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,kaouthia,,,,,"Lesson, 1831","As presently understood, Naja kaouthia contains at least one cryptic lineage, from northeast Thailand, which is genetically as distinct from populations elsewhere in Thailand as N. kaouthia is from recognized cobra species, although no morphological differences have so far been identified (Ratnarathorn et al. 2019)." 177488,Naja siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,siamensis,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768", 177494,Hydrobioides nassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Hydrobioides,nassa,,,,,"(Theobald, 1865)","
" 177496,Hydrobioides nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Hydrobioides,nana,,,,,"Annandale, 1918", 177498,Rhinobothryum bovallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhinobothryum,bovallii,,,,,"Andersson, 1916", 177499,Siphlophis compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Siphlophis,compressus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)", 177500,Calliophis intestinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,intestinalis,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Subspecies:
M. intestinalis intestinalis (Laurenti, 1768)
M. intestinalis lineata (Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1835 )
M. intestinalis bilineata (Peters, 1881)
M. intestinalis everetti (Boulenger 1896)
M. intestinalis philippina (Günther, 1864)
M. intestinalis suluensis (Steindachner, 1891)
M. intestinalis thepassi (Bleeker, 1859)." 177501,Morelia amethistina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Morelia,amethistina,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","Harvey et al. (2000) notes that this species is part of a complex. These authors identified three, widely-accepted, species within the Indonesian range of the Morelia amethistina complex:, Morelia tracyae (northwestern Halmahera), Morelia nauta (Tanimbar Islands) and Morelia clastolepis (Ambon, Seram and most likely from the islands Haruku and Saparua). Taxonomic uncertainty in Morelia amethistina remains with regard to northern and southern populations in New Guinea and those from the Aru Islands (M. Auliya, pers. comm. 2010). Australian populations have been referred to the resurrected Morelia kinghorni (Harvey et al. 2000), however, Cogger (2014) notes that these authors did not provide a diagnosis. While accepting that Australian records are likely to be specifically distinct from M. amethistina, Cogger (2014) elects to retain kinghorni as a junior synonym until it has been fully diagnosed and the appropriate status of Liasis clarki resolved. This taxon was described from Murray Island and assigned ""arbitrarily"" (Cogger 2014) to M. amethistina by Harvey et al. 2000; should it instead be referable to M. kinghorni the name Morelia clarki (Barbour, 1914) would have priority." 177503,Ptyas carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,carinata,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 177504,Rhabdophis nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,nuchalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)",


177507,Tantilla vermiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,vermiformis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)","This species is part of the Tantilla calamarina species group (Wilson 1999, Canseco-Márquez et al. 2007)." 177511,Pseudoxenodon inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Pseudoxenodon,inornatus,,,,,"Boie, 1827", 177512,Urotheca guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,guentheri,,,,,"(Dunn, 1938)", 177516,Trimetopon slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Trimetopon,slevini,,,,,"Dunn, 1940", 177519,Trimerodytes aequifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trimerodytes,aequifasciatus,,,,,"(Barbour, 1908)", 177530,Parapistocalamus hedigeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parapistocalamus,hedigeri,,,,,"Roux, 1934", 177532,Oligodon pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,pulcherrimus,,,,,"Werner, 1909", 177535,Sibynophis bistrigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,bistrigatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 177540,Ophiophagus hannah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Ophiophagus,hannah,,,,,"(Cantor, 1836)","Because of the wide distribution of the king cobra, many herpetologists believe that Ophiophagus hannah represents a species complex (Das 2002). Work has been underway to clarify the systematics of the group, and following sampling across most of the range Gowri Shankar et al. (2021) identified four independently evolving lineages based on mitochondrial DNA sampling. Their subsequent morphometric analysis found morphological differences corresponding to these groups, which have geographically apparently non-overlapping ranges, and they formally proposed four ""Confirmed Candidate Species"". They do not apply the name Ophiophagus hannah to any specific lineage, however the type locality falls within the range of their ""Indo-Chinese"" lineage (Candidate Species 2, ranging through most of mainland South and Southeast Asia north of the Isthmus of Kra); the other three lineages occur in the Western Ghats (CS1), Luzon in the Philippines (CS4) and the remainder of Southeast Asia south of the Ishtmus of Kra (""Indo-Malay"", CS3).
Further molecular and morphological research is needed to clarify whether these candidate species represent independently-evolving lineages or simply reflect variation within a widespread species (R.G. Reynolds pers. comm. 2022), as well as to resolve the relationships of populations not sampled by Gowri Shankar et al. (2021) (particularly in the Philippines south of Luzon, and Sulawesi)." 177541,Micrurus dissoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,dissoleucus,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)","This species has five subspecies:
M. dissoleucus dissoleucus (Cope, 1860)
M. dissoleucus dunni (Barbour, 1923)
M. dissoleucus melanogenys (Cope, 1860)
M. dissoleucus meridensis (Roze, 1989)
M. dissoleucus nigrirostris (Schmidt, 1955)." 177551,Lycodon gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,gracilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Taxonomic research is recommended on this species, which has not been subjected to modern taxonomic assessment and superficially resembles the black morph of Lycodon nympha." 177564,Rhadinella serperaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,serperaster,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 177565,Tropidonophis dahlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,dahlii,,,,,"(Werner, 1899)", 177571,Sibynophis collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,collaris,,,,,"(Gray, 1853)", 177578,Fowlea punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,punctulatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 177581,Tantilla bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,bairdi,,,,,"Stuart, 1941", 177583,Pseudorabdion saravacense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,saravacense,,,,,"(Shelford, 1901)", 177587,Dibamus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,novaeguineae,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839","This may be a species complex, within which distributional boundaries are not known. It is possible that records from Wallacean islands may not represent this species (D. Iskandar pers. comm. 2017). Two species (D. leucurus and D. novaeguineae) are currently recognized for the Philippines, but the distributional boundary between the two is unclear. Records from Simeulue off the coast of Sumatra, which Greer (1985) remarked would represent a significant westward range extension if verified, were described as the new species D. tebai by Das and Lim (2009)." 17762,Poblana alchichica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Poblana,alchichica,,,,,"de Buen, 1945", 17763,Poblana ferdebueni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Poblana,ferdebueni,,,,,"Solórzano & López, 1965", 17764,Poblana letholepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Poblana,letholepis,,,,,"Álvarez, 1950", 17765,Poblana squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Poblana,squamata,,,,,"Álvarez, 1950", 177697,Anixa phloiodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Anixa,phloiodes,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1842)","Poppe et al. (2012) noted that they could not distinguish between A. phloiodes (Pfeiffer, 1842) and A. magistra (Pfeiffer, 1852), and so placed A. magistra (Pfeiffer, 1852) as a synonym." 177716,Succinea rotumana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Succinea,rotumana,,,,,"Smith, 1897", 177724,Stagnicola pilsbryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,pilsbryi,,,,,"Hemphill, 1890","Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009). Hovingh (1993) lists this species as Lymnaea (Stagnicola) pilsbryi, whereas NatureServe (2009) name it Stagnicola pilsbryi. Dillon (2009) suggests that Lymnaea pilsbryi is a synonym of Lymnaea humilis, but this is neither supported or denied in other literature. Stagnicola is used by Turgeon et al. (1998) in the most recent list. However, Hubendick (1951) used Lymnaea. For the purpose of this assessment, we follow the taxonomy used by NatureServe." 177731,Anixa cumingii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Anixa,cumingii,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1842)",Poppe et al. (2012) note that the species should be placed in the genus Anixa. 177775,Placostylus koroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,koroensis,,,,,"(Garrett, 1872)","Placostylus koroensis is one of two Placostylus species recorded from Koro Island in the Lomaiviti Province of the Fiji Islands, the other being Placostylus morosus (Gould 1846) which is more widely distributed occurring on other islands. A colour photograph of the syntypes can be found in Abbott (1989). The original description of Garrett (1872) also has a colour plate.
" 177778,Cryptella tamaranensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Cryptella,tamaranensis,,,,,"(Hutterer, 1990)", 177783,Helicostyla collodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Helicostyla,collodes,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1841)", 177788,Helicostyla zebuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Helicostyla,zebuensis,,,,,"(Broderip, 1841)", 177830,Phelsuma comorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,comorensis,,,,,"Boettger, 1913",Genetic data analysed by Rocha et al. (2009) and Gehring et al. (2013) places Phelsuma comorensis in the P. lineata complex. P. comorensis likely represents a separate dispersal event from the radiation of the four other Comoran Phelsuma species (Harmon et al. 2008) 177906,Anolis cristifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cristifer,,,,,"Smith, 1968","Anolis cristifer was originally considered to be a subspecies of A. pentaprion, based on a single male specimen the characteristics of which appeared to fall within the variations shown by southern populations of A. pentaprion (Smith 1968). It was elevated to species status based on distinct differences in scalation by Köhler and Acevedo (2004) and Köhler (2008). Since this species has not received much research attention, the taxonomy of it may still need to be resolved." 177908,Acanthodactylus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,arabicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1918", 177934,Microlophus albemarlensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,albemarlensis,,,,,"(Baur, 1890)","Recent DNA studies have elucidated the taxonomic status of this species. Previously, the name was applied to populations from four large islands (Isabela, Fernandina, Santa Cruz-Santa Fe and Santiago) and numerous associated satellite islets (Van Denburgh and Slevin 1913, Kizirian et al. 2004). Following DNA analysis, Benavides et al. (2007) restricted the range of the species to the Isabela-Fernandina islands, with the Santiago and Santa Cruz-Santa Fe populations now being recognized as Microlophus jacobi and M. indefatigabilis, respectively." 177949,Ctenochaetus strigosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,strigosus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1828)", 177950,Naso lituratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,lituratus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","Naso lituratus was observed to be actively hybriding with N. elegans at Cocos-Keeling (J.H. Choat pers. comm. 2010, Klanten 2003)." 177951,Naso tonganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,tonganus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 177952,Prionurus scalprum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Prionurus,scalprum,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1835", 177953,Acanthurus coeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,coeruleus,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801","There was a significant level of genetic structure observed between North and South Atlantic populations, suggesting limited dispersal across the Amazon barrier (Rocha et al. 2002)." 177954,Naso reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,reticulatus,,,,,"Randall, 2001", 177955,Ctenochaetus binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,binotatus,,,,,"Randall, 1955", 177956,Prionurus chrysurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Prionurus,chrysurus,,,,,"Randall, 2001", 177957,Acanthurus maculiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,maculiceps,,,,,"(Ahl, 1923)", 177958,Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,cyanocheilus,,,,,"Randall & Clements, 2001", 177959,Acanthurus fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,fowleri,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1951", 177960,Acanthurus achilles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,achilles,,,,,"Shaw, 1803","This species is a member of the Acanthurus achilles species complex known for their propensity to hybridize (Randall and Frische 2000). The four species in this complex (A. achilles Shaw, A. japonicus Schmidt, A. leucosternon Bennett, and A. nigricans Linnaeus) are thought to hybridize when their distributional ranges overlap (Craig 2008)." 177961,Acanthurus nubilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,nubilus,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1929)", 177962,Naso fageni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,fageni,,,,,"Morrow, 1954", 177963,Naso mcdadei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,mcdadei,,,,,"Johnson, 2002", 177964,Ctenochaetus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,marginatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 177965,Acanthurus triostegus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,triostegus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There is strong geographical pattern in the genetic structure of Acanthurus triostegus throughout the tropical Pacific but this does not warrant species recognition (Planes and Fauvelot 2002)." 177966,Acanthurus chronixis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,chronixis,,,,,"Randall, 1960","Acanthurus chronixis is a close relative of Acanthurus pyroferus, sharing the count of VIII dorsal spines and the same morphology, in particular the protruding snout (Randall 2001a).  Its taxonomic status is uncertain due to limited number of specimens. There is taxonomic work underway to determine the status of this species. We accept current taxonomy that this species is valid (Eschmeyer 2011, J.E. Randall pers comm. 2011)." 177967,Acanthurus mata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,mata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 177968,Naso caeruleacauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,caeruleacauda,,,,,"Randall, 1994", 177969,Acanthurus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,nigricans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Acanthurus nigricans is a member of the A. achilles species complex known for their propensity to hybridize (Randall and Frische 2000). The four species in this complex (A. achilles Shaw, A. japonicus Schmidt, A. leucosternon Bennett, and A. nigricans) are thought to hybridize when their distributional ranges overlap (Craig 2008). Hybrids have been recorded from the Hawaiian Islands (Acanthurus achilles x nigricans), Taiwan (Acanthurus japonicus x nigricans), Indonesia, Christmas and Cocos Island (Acanthurus leucosternon x nigricans) (Randall 2001a, Marie et al. 2007)." 177970,Naso unicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,unicornis,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Naso unicornis is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific region, genetic studies conducted by Horne et al. (2008) did not find any evidence of geographic population structure even at the largest spatial scales." 177971,Acanthurus blochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,blochii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1835", 177972,Paracanthurus hepatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Paracanthurus,hepatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 177973,Zebrasoma gemmatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Zebrasoma,gemmatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 177974,Acanthurus auranticavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,auranticavus,,,,,"Randall, 1956", 177975,Naso minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,minor,,,,,"(Smith, 1966)", 177976,Acanthurus reversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,reversus,,,,,"Randall & Earle, 1999", 177977,Acanthurus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,japonicus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1931)","This species is a member of the Acanthurus achilles species complex known for their propensity to hybridize (Randall and Frische 2000). The four species in this complex (A. achilles Shaw, A.japonicus Schmidt, A.leucosternon Bennett, and A.nigricans) are thought to hybridize when their distributional ranges overlap (Craig 2008)." 177978,Acanthurus bariene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,bariene,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 177979,Naso lopezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,lopezi,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 177980,Naso thynnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,thynnoides,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 177981,Acanthurus dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,dussumieri,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1835", 177982,Acanthurus chirurgus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,chirurgus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 177983,Naso brachycentron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,brachycentron,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 177984,Acanthurus polyzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,polyzona,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1868)", 177985,Acanthurus bahianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,bahianus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1855","Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) survey reveal strong separation between the Brazilian and Carribean provinces, and no significant population structure across the oceanic gap separating Brazil and the mid-Atlantic ridge. The genetic differences between the Brazilian and Carribean populations is matched by colour differences: in the North Atlantic, individuals show a distinguishing arrow, bluish posterior margin on the caudal and dorsal fins, whereas in the South Atlantic, individuals have a bright yellow margin (Rocha et al. 2002). Morphological and genetic data indicate that Acanthurus bahianus is now split into two species: Acanthurus tractus, which is distributed in the northwestern Atlantic and  A. bahianus distributed from eastern Brazil to Ascension and St. Helena Islands (Bernal and Rocha 2011)." 177986,Ctenochaetus tominiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,tominiensis,,,,,"Randall, 1955", 177987,Acanthurus sohal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,sohal,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Acanthurus sohal is closely related to the Indo-Pacific species Acanthurus lineatus (Alwany et al. 2005)." 177988,Naso annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,annulatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 177989,Acanthurus xanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,xanthopterus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1835", 177990,Naso brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,brevirostris,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Naso brevirostris is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific region, genetic studies conducted by Horne et al. (2008) did not find any evidence of geographic population structure even at the largest spatial scales." 177991,Acanthurus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,olivaceus,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801","This species hybridizes with Acanthurus nigricauda in the Marshall Is. and A. tennentii in Bali (Randall 2001a)." 177992,Ctenochaetus truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,truncatus,,,,,"Randall & Clements, 2001", 177993,Acanthurus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,lineatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",[ probably represents 2 different species (K.E. Carpenter pers. comm. 2012) [ check back on the paper with published taxonomic revision] 177994,Acanthurus leucocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,leucocheilus,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 177995,Acanthurus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,guttatus,,,,,"Forster, 1801", 177997,Acanthurus tennentii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,tennentii,,,,,"Günther, 1861","Acanthurus tennentii hybridizes with A. olivaceus in Bali, Indonesia (Randall 2001a)." 177998,Acanthurus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,tristis,,,,,"Randall, 1993","Hybrids of Acanthurus trisis with A. pyroferus were observed in Bali, Indonesia (Randall 2001a)." 177999,Acanthurus nigroris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,nigroris,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1835","Acanthurus nigroris is an endemic species in the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll,  Acanthurus nigros is valid for the species elsewhere in Oceania and the Great Barrier Reef. The genetic analyses, based on mtDNA cytochrome b sequences from a total of 544 Acanthurus nigroris samples, revealed a clear separation (d = 0.041) between individuals from the Hawaiian Archipelago and the rest of the Pacific indicating a cryptic species pair (Randall et al. submitted manuscript, DiBattista et al. 2011).


 

" 178000,Acanthurus leucosternon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,leucosternon,,,,,"Bennett, 1833","This species is a member of the Acanthurus achilles species complex known for their propensity to hybridize (Randall and Frische 2000). The four species in this complex (A. achilles Shaw, A.japonicus Schmidt, A.leucosternon Bennett, and A.nigricans) are thought to hybridize when their distributional ranges overlap (Craig 2008).

Acanthurus cf. leucosternon, a hybrid between A. leucosternon and A. nigricans has been recognized from the Cocos Keeling and Christmas Islands (Marie et al. 2007)." 178001,Zebrasoma rostratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Zebrasoma,rostratum,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Zebrasoma rostratum hybridizes with Z. scopas. Taxonomic status is unkown (L. Rocha pers comm. 2010)." 178002,Naso hexacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,hexacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 178003,Naso tuberosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,tuberosus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 178004,Naso elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,elegans,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)","
" 178005,Zebrasoma scopas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Zebrasoma,scopas,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Zebrasoma scopas hybridizes with Z. flavescens and Z. rostratum (Randall 2001a)." 178006,Acanthurus grammoptilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,grammoptilus,,,,,"Richardson, 1843", 178007,Acanthurus albipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,albipectoralis,,,,,"Allen & Ayling, 1987", 178008,Acanthurus thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,thompsoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1923)", 178009,Zebrasoma xanthurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Zebrasoma,xanthurum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1852)", 178010,Zebrasoma veliferum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Zebrasoma,veliferum,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)", 178011,Acanthurus leucopareius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,leucopareius,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)", 178012,Ctenochaetus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,striatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 178013,Naso caesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,caesius,,,,,"Randall & Bell, 1992", 178014,Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Randall, 1955", 178015,Zebrasoma flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Zebrasoma,flavescens,,,,,"(Bennett, 1828)", 178016,Prionurus microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Prionurus,microlepidotus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1804", 178017,Acanthurus nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,nigricauda,,,,,"Duncker & Mohr, 1929","A. nigricauda x olivaceous hybrids have been observed in the Marshall Islands (Randall 2001a)." 178018,Ctenochaetus flavicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Ctenochaetus,flavicauda,,,,,"Fowler, 1938","Ctenochaetus flavicauda is closely related to C. cyanocheilus (K.D. Clements pers. comm. 2010)." 178019,Acanthurus nigrofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,nigrofuscus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 178020,Naso maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,maculatus,,,,,"Randall & Struhsaker, 1981", 178021,Prionurus biafraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Prionurus,biafraensis,,,,,"(Blache & Rossignol, 1961)", 178022,Acanthurus pyroferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,pyroferus,,,,,"Kittlitz, 1834","Hybrids of this species and A. tristis have been observed in Bali, Indonesia (Randall 2001a)." 178023,Acanthurus monroviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,monroviae,,,,,"Steindachner, 1876", 178024,Zebrasoma desjardinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Zebrasoma,desjardinii,,,,,"(Bennett, 1836)", 178025,Prionurus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Prionurus,maculatus,,,,,"Ogilby, 1887", 178038,Trimeresurus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,insularis,,,,,"(Kramer, 1977)","This taxon was elevated from a subspecies of Trimeresurus albolabris by Malhotra and Thorpe (2004). David et al. (2011) investigated the status of Trimeresurus viridis, the type species of the genus Trimeresurus and traditionally regarded as a junior synonym of the Indian species T. gramineus. They found this assignment to be incorrect, as investigation of the discovery of T. viridis suggested a Timorese origin and, therefore, that this name should instead have been applied to the sole species of green viper found on Timor, now known as Cryptelytrops (or Trimeresurus, according to some authors) insularis. Although T. viridis is the name with priority for this taxon, it has not been used to describe a valid taxon for over a century, while the names T. insularis and T. albolabris insularis are in widespread use. Following the provisions of the Zoological Code of Nomenclature, David et al. (2011) consider Trimeresurus viridis a nomen oblitum, and Trimeresurus insularis as the correct name for Cryptelytrops insularis. Following this arrangement, Cryptelytrops becomes a junior synonym of Trimeresurus; David et al. (2011) propose that species previously within the genus Trimeresurus sensu stricto be assigned to the genus (or, in their scheme, subgenus, however this is not followed by most authors) Craspedocephalus." 178063,Centropomus medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,medius,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 178065,Centropomus robalito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,robalito,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 42483444,Cryptoblepharus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,novaeguineae,,,,,"Mertens, 1928",Horner (2007) synonymized Cryptoblepharus pallidus and C. boutonii aruensis within C. novaeguineae. This concept is not followed here pending further taxonomic investigation. Horner's sample sizes were small and workers in New Guinea consider that C. pallidus at least is likely to warrant recognition as a valid species (A. Allison pers. comm. 2014). 178173,Cryptoblepharus rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,rutilus,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)",The specific status of Cryptoblepharus spp. is not completely accepted and most species are considered as subspecies by many authors (Rocha et al. 2006). 178217,Emoia adspersa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,adspersa,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)", 178222,Loxopholis rugiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,rugiceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)", 178224,Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,xanthostigma,,,,,"(Noble, 1916)","A taxonomic revision is required since this taxon was first described as the subspecies Lepidoblepharis festae colombianus by Mechler in 1968, and later elevated to species level by Vanzolini as L. columbianus in 1978. However, L. xanthostigma is reported to inhabit the same biogeographic zone in Colombia as L. columbianus, and these two may be conspecific. Further, the morphological difference between L. xanthostigma and L. columbianus are based on body size and other uninformative characters (J.C. Arredondo pers. comm. 2010)." 178230,Cyrtodactylus biordinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,biordinis,,,,,"Brown & McCoy, 1980", 178234,Rhinophis fergusonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,fergusonianus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 17823,Podocnemis lewyana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PODOCNEMIDIDAE,Podocnemis,lewyana,,,,,"Duméril, 1852","Genetic studies by Vargas-Ramirez et al. (2006, 2007a, 2012) and Restrepo (2008) have shown that P. lewyana has low levels of genetic variability and no evidence of genetic population structure on a micro or macro-geographic scale, in addition to some level of inbreeding on a local scale." 178245,Trimeresurus gramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,gramineus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","Coluber gramineus has long been considered the type species of the taxonomically complex genus Trimeresurus (David et al. 2011), as the original type species T. viridis has long been considered a synonym. Investigation of this assignment by David et al. (2011) indicated that this was incorrect and that T. viridis (a combination that hasn't been used to describe a valid species since its original description in 1861), is instead a junior synonym of the Timorese species T. insularis. This recognition alters the generic identity of several taxa within the Trimeresurus genus complex, including T. gramineus, and David et al. (2011) therefore assign T. gramineus to Craspedocephalus (treated by these authors as a subgenus but more commonly as a full genus). This taxonomy does not, to date, appear to have gained broad acceptance, and this account retains T. gramineus within Trimeresurus." 178250,Hemidactylus porbandarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,porbandarensis,,,,,"Sharma, 1981","The validity of this species is unclear. It is known only from a population in a port area of India, to which it may have been introduced, and it is consequently uncertain whether this lizard belongs to a known taxon from elsewhere in the world." 178254,Echinosaura apodemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,apodemus,,,,,"(Uzzell, 1966)", 178257,Anolis loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,loveridgei,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936", 178272,Anolis cusuco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cusuco,,,,,"(McCranie, Köhler & Wilson, 2000)", 154426201,Anolis sminthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,sminthus,,,,,"Dunn & Emlen, 1932","A previous assessment of this species included Anolis heteropholidotus within A. sminthus following a suggestion by Fitch and Siegel (1984), since although more recent work had treated the two species as distinct their precise relationship remained unclear. This assessment recognizes A. heteropholidotus as distinct following more recent usage, and its validity was confirmed by Hofmann and Townsend (2017)." 178294,Lepidophyma reticulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,reticulatum,,,,,"Taylor, 1955", 178298,Uropeltis petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,petersi,,,,,"(Beddome, 1878)", 178307,Tribolonotus blanchardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,blanchardi,,,,,"Burt, 1930", 178314,Hemidactylus scabriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,scabriceps,,,,,"(Annandale, 1906)",Both molecular and morphological evidence suggest that Hemidactylus scabriceps may be a complex of at least two species (Srikanthan et al. 2018). 17832,Poecilia latipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,latipunctata,,,,,"Meek, 1904", 17833,Poecilia sulphuraria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,sulphuraria,,,,,"(Álvarez, 1948)", 178347,Anolis lionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lionotus,,,,,"Cope, 1861","Uetz (2019) reports that ""there appears to be no consensus"" regarding whether this species is specifically distinct from Anolis oxylophus or whether the latter species should be treated as a junior synonym of A. lionotus. Savage et al. (2002) suggested the two taxa are likely to be synonymous, but subsequent data suggests that reliable diagnostic differences exist and this assessment follows recent authors (Nicholson et al. 2012, McCranie and Köhler 2015) in recognizing both species as valid." 178362,Platyplectrurus trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Platyplectrurus,trilineatus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1867)", 178363,Anolis amplisquamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,amplisquamosus,,,,,"(McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1992)", 178375,Uropeltis woodmasoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,woodmasoni,,,,,"(Theobald, 1876)","Rajendran (1985) is not convinced that this is a distinct species from Uropeltis smithi Gans, 1966. Pyron et al. (2016) examined the holotype of Uropeltis ruhunae and found that it is indistinguishable from populations currently included within U. woodmasoni." 17837,Poeciliopsis monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,monacha,,,,,"Miller, 1960", 178383,Argyrophis siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,siamensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 178385,Pristurus saada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,saada,,,,,"Arnold, 1986",The poorly-known Pristurus mazbah may be conspecific with this species. 178401,Echis pyramidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,pyramidum,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827)","This species is part of a group whose taxonomy is in need of resolution. A highly divergent haplotype was identified from Ethiopia in an analysis by Pook et al. (2009). These authors suggest the name Echis varius, presently a junior synonym of E. pyramidum, may be applicable to this form, but caution that morphological study is required to confirm this; this taxon was considered distinct by Cherlin (1990) in a review of Echis taxonomy. This work (in Russian in a journal with limited circulation among taxonomists) has, however, subsequently been ""ignored"" (Largen and Spawls 2010) and no attempt has yet been made to systematically evaluate Cherlin's proposals (Largen and Spawls 2010) although recent molecular work by Pook et al. (2009) validates his recognition of Arabian subpopulations as the separate species E. borkini and E. khosatzkii.

The validity of another of Cherlin's descriptions, E. megalocephalus, is uncertain, and McDiarmid et al. (1999) reported that the known specimens - from an ""island in the southern Red Sea"" understood likely to be in Eritrea's Dahlak Archipelago, where it has, however, not been recorded - may be referable to Echis pyramidum.  No genetic material is available for comparison, and so the molecular study by Pook et al. (2009) was unable to clarify the validity of this form. S. Spawls (pers. comm. 2020) recommends considering this species invalid pending the discovery of additional material, and this approach is followed here." 178409,Protobothrops mucrosquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,mucrosquamatus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)",A recent phylogenetic study found no evidence of cryptic taxa within this wide-ranging snake species (Guo et al. 2019) 200972722,Varanus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,indicus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","Since a number of forms within the Varanus indicus species group appear to represent independent evolutionary lineages and may therefore be island endemics, the likely future discovery of new species may affect the conservation status of this geographically widespread species. For monitors in the Caroline and Mariana Islands, future study of molecular and morphological similarities and differences to distant populations will help in elucidating whether the species occurs naturally on these islands or was introduced (Cota 2008). The latter seems unlikely, since monitor lizards have a long tradition in the history and mythology of the indigenous Chamorro people from Guam (Cunningham and Beaty 2001). Recently subpopulations from New Ireland, Lavongai and Djaul islands have been referred to the resurrected species V. douarrha (Weijola et al. 2016)." 178419,Protobothrops jerdonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,jerdonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","This species has been found to be paraphyletic with respect to Protobothrops xiangchengensis by Guo et al. (2009, 2011), suggesting that a taxonomic revision of P. jerdonii is needed." 178420,Platyplectrurus madurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Platyplectrurus,madurensis,,,,,"Beddome, 1877", 178433,Trimeresurus albolabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,albolabris,,,,,"Gray, 1842",Cryptelytrops insularis was split from C. albolabris (Malhotra & Thorpe 2004). 178436,Geomyersia coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Geomyersia,coggeri,,,,,"Greer, 1982", 178437,Acanthodactylus haasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,haasi,,,,,"Leviton & Anderson, 1967", 178461,Ophisops jerdonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,jerdonii,,,,,"Blyth, 1853",This widespread species seems to be a species complex and warrants further taxonomic research (P. Mohapatra pers. comm. 2019). 178469,Emoia boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,boettgeri,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1918)", 178471,Trimeresurus tibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,tibetanus,,,,,"Huang, 1982","This species was assigned to the genus Himalayophis under the revisions by Malhotra and Thorpe (2004), which has subsequently been regarded as a subgenus of Trimeresurus." 178478,Anolis muralla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,muralla,,,,,"(Köhler, McCranie & Wilson, 1999)", 178481,Xenopeltis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOPELTIDAE,Xenopeltis,unicolor,,,,,"Reinwardt in Boie, 1827", 178482,Holcosus quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,quadrilineatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 178487,Pristurus ornithocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,ornithocephalus,,,,,"Arnold, 1986", 178498,Xenophidion acanthognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOPHIIDAE,Xenophidion,acanthognathus,,,,,"Günther & Manthey, 1995","There is considerable debate about where this genus should be placed. Wallach and Günther (1998) established a new family, Xenophiidae, for the genus, but the Reptile Database places it under the Tropidophiidae. This assessment was first published under the family Tropidophiidae, but as there is no clear justification for this, it has been moved back under Xenophiidae until such time as the placement of this group is resolved." 178507,Tropiocolotes tripolitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,tripolitanus,,,,,"Peters, 1880","This assessment follows Baha El Din (2001) in treating the subspecies Tropiocolotes tripolitanus algericus Loveridge, 1947, as a separate species." 178508,Cnemaspis tropidogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,tropidogaster,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)", 178521,Lepidoblepharis sanctaemartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,sanctaemartae,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1916)", 178522,Agamodon arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROGONOPHIDAE,Agamodon,arabicus,,,,,"Anderson, 1901", 178528,Emoia lawesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,lawesi,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 178529,Argyrophis bothriorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,bothriorhynchus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","This species has been considered as a synonym of Typhlops muelleri Schlegel, 1839." 178532,Indotyphlops pammeces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,pammeces,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","This species is distinct from Ramphotyphlops braminus and treated as a valid species following (Wallach 2009). Typhlops psammophilus Annandale, 1906 and T. tenuis Gunther, 1864 are junior synonyms of T. pammeces (Wallach 2009)." 178541,Trimeresurus brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,brongersmai,,,,,"Hoge, 1969", 178555,Gehyra brevipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,brevipalmata,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 178584,Anolis fortunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fortunensis,,,,,"Arosemena & Ibanez, 1993", 178598,Nactus multicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,multicarinatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","This species is undoubtedly a complex of several species (C. Austin pers. comm.). It was also orignally part of the Nactus pelagicus complex, but was separated by Zug and Moon (1995)." 178601,Emoia isolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,isolata,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 178621,Eutropis carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,carinata,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 178635,Emoia aneityumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,aneityumensis,,,,,"Medway, 1974", 178644,Anolis altae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,altae,,,,,"Dunn, 1930", 178647,Varanus yemenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,yemenensis,,,,,"Böhme, Joger & Schätti, 1989", 178652,Sphaerodactylus dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,dunni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936", 178659,Trimeresurus fucatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,fucatus,,,,,"Vogel, David & Pauwels, 2004", 42653658,Hemidactylus yerburyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,yerburyii,,,,,"Anderson, 1895","Šmid et al. (2016) described two species from Saudi Arabia, Hemidactylus asirensis and H. alfarraji, from within H. yerburyii. These authors' molecular results also support the recognition of the subspecies H. y. montanus and H. y. pauciporosus as distinct species." 178682,Melanophidium wynaudense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Melanophidium,wynaudense,,,,,"(Beddome, 1863)", 178685,Protobothrops kaulbacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,kaulbacki,,,,,"(Smith, 1940)", 178696,Argyrophis diardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,diardii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)","This species has two subspecies: Typhlops diardi platyventris Khan, 1998 and Typhlops diardi diardi Sschlegel, 1839." 178703,Argyrophis hypsobothrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,hypsobothrius,,,,,"(Werner, 1917)", 178704,Asaccus platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,platyrhynchus,,,,,"Arnold & Gardner, 1994", 178708,Protobothrops sieversorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,sieversorum,,,,,"(Ziegler, Herrmann, David, Orlov & Pauwels, 2000)", 178709,Sphenomorphus dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,dussumieri,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 178710,Cnemaspis kandiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kandiana,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1852)","For more than a century the name Cnemaspis kandiana was used as a ""catchall"" for a group of Cnemaspis taxa widely distributed in South and mainland Southeast Asia, and the islands of the Andaman and Nicobar groups (Maramendra-Arachchi et al. 2007, Das and Grismer 2003) Maramendra-Arachchi et al. (2007) redescribed this species and found, based on a morphological comparison with South Asian forms, that it should be considered endemic to Sri Lanka.

These authors did not use comparative material from Southeast Asian or island populations in their study and do not discuss the affinities of these forms. Consequently, although the species is no longer listed in most guides to Southeast Asian reptiles (e.g. Das 2010), it is not clear whether names are available for these populations. Chan-ard et al. (2015) use the name for a population found in Chumphon and Ranong Provinces in northern Peninsular Thailand. D. Mulcahy (unpubl. data) follows these authors in using C. kandiana as a working name for records recently taken in Lenya, in the neighbouring Tanintharyi region of southern Myanmar, although he reports a divergence of 8% in the ND2 gene from an available Sri Lankan sequence (Gamble et al. 2012).

Pending resolution of the systematics of Southeast Asian populations, these records are not considered to represent C. kandiana sensu stricto and this assessment follows the species concept applied by Maramendra-Arachchi et al. (2007)." 178714,Aspidoscelis deppii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,deppii,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 178722,Argyrophis koshunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,koshunensis,,,,,"(Oshima, 1916)", 178725,Anolis carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,carpenteri,,,,,"Echelle, Echelle & Fitch, 1971", 178729,Uropeltis pulneyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,pulneyensis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1863)", 178889,Enneapterygius rhabdotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,rhabdotus,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 178890,Enneapterygius cheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,cheni,,,,,"Wang, Shao & Shen, 1996", 178891,Enneapterygius clea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,clea,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178892,Ucla xenogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Ucla,xenogrammus,,,,,"Holleman, 1993", 178893,Enneapterygius kosiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,kosiensis,,,,,"Holleman, 2005", 178894,Enneapterygius flavoccipitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,flavoccipitis,,,,,"Shen, 1994", 178896,Bellapiscis lesleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Bellapiscis,lesleyae,,,,,"Hardy, 1987", 178897,Heteroclinus heptaeolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,heptaeolus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1885)", 178898,Enneanectes pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,pectoralis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)","Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). There are four valid species present in the Gulf of Mexico as of January 2014: E. altivelis, E. boehlkei, E. jordani, and E. pectoralis, and these have been assessed as currently valid." 178899,Heteroclinus kuiteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,kuiteri,,,,,"Hoese & Rennis, 2006", 178900,Myxodes ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Myxodes,ornatus,,,,,"Stephens & Springer, 1974", 178901,Heteroclinus wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,wilsoni,,,,,"(Lucas, 1891)", 178902,Gibbonsia montereyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Gibbonsia,montereyensis,,,,,"Hubbs, 1927", 178903,Heteroclinus adelaidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,adelaidae,,,,,"Castelnau, 1872", 178904,Forsterygion lapillum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,lapillum,,,,,"Hardy, 1989", 178905,Apopterygion oculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Apopterygion,oculus,,,,,"Fricke & Roberts, 1994", 178906,Pavoclinus myae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,myae,,,,,"Christensen, 1978", 178907,Helcogramma nesion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,nesion,,,,,"Williams & Howe, 2003", 178908,Enneapterygius ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,ornatus,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178909,Helcogramma vulcana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,vulcana,,,,,"Randall & Clark, 1993", 178910,Enneanectes boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,boehlkei,,,,,"Rosenblatt, 1960","Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). There are four valid species present in the Gulf of Mexico as of January 2014: E. altivelis, E. boehlkei, E. jordani, and E. pectoralis, and these have been assessed as currently valid. Victor (2013) provides a taxonomic revision of this species." 178911,Enneapterygius randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,randalli,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178912,Helcogramma ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,ellioti,,,,,"(Herre, 1944)", 178913,Enneapterygius fuscoventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,fuscoventer,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178914,Acanthanectes rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Acanthanectes,rufus,,,,,"Holleman & Buxton, 1993", 178915,Enneapterygius similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,similis,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178916,Helcogramma alkamr,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,alkamr,,,,,"Holleman, 2007", 178917,Gibbonsia metzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Gibbonsia,metzi,,,,,"Hubbs, 1927", 178918,Clinus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,agilis,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 178919,Enneanectes atrorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,atrorus,,,,,"Rosenblatt, 1960","Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). There are four valid species present in the Gulf of Mexico as of January 2014: E. altivelis, E. boehlkei, E. jordani, and E. pectoralis, and these have been assessed as currently valid." 178920,Enneapterygius atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,atriceps,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)", 178921,Helcogramma randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,randalli,,,,,"Williams & Howe, 2003", 178922,Pavoclinus litorafontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,litorafontis,,,,,"Penrith, 1965", 178923,Ophiclinops pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinops,pardalis,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1918)","Ophiclinops pardalis appears to be the sister species of O. hutchinsi, with which it shares generally high counts for meristic characters, a large maximum size, and similarity of colour pattern. Ophiclinops hutchinsi is known only from Western Australia while O. pardalis is known only from eastern Australia. These two species should be synonymized when specimens at localities between the two areas of known distribution are examined and if the populations have intermediate fin-ray and vertebral counts between O. hutchinsi and O. pardalis. (George and Springer 1980, Gomon et al. 1994)." 178924,Springerichthys bapturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Springerichthys,bapturus,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1902)", 178925,Gibbonsia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Gibbonsia,elegans,,,,,"(Cooper, 1864)", 178926,Helcogramma kranos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,kranos,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178927,Pavoclinus mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,mentalis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 178928,Enneapterygius signicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,signicauda,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178929,Ophiclinus ningulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinus,ningulus,,,,,"George & Springer, 1980", 178930,Heteroclinus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Hoese, 1976", 178931,Clinus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,helenae,,,,,"(Smith, 1946)", 178932,Enneapterygius tutuilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,tutuilae,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 178933,Blennophis striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Blennophis,striatus,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 178934,Enneapterygius kermadecensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,kermadecensis,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 178935,Heteroclinus eckloniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,eckloniae,,,,,"(McKay, 1970)", 178936,Heteroclinus puellarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,puellarum,,,,,"(Scott, 1955)", 178937,Enneapterygius niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,niger,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 178938,Enneanectes smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,smithi,,,,,"Lubbock & Edwards, 1981", 178939,Trinorfolkia cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Trinorfolkia,cristata,,,,,"(Kuiter, 1986)", 178940,Enneapterygius hollemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,hollemani,,,,,"Randall, 1995", 178941,Cirrhibarbis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cirrhibarbis,capensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 178942,Sticharium dorsale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Sticharium,dorsale,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 178943,Pavoclinus laurentii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,laurentii,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 178944,Matanui bathytaton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Matanui,bathytaton,,,,,"(Hardy, 1989)", 178945,Heteroclinus johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,johnstoni,,,,,"(Saville-Kent, 1886)", 178947,Lepidoblennius marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Lepidoblennius,marmoratus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1878)", 178948,Bellapiscis medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Bellapiscis,medius,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 178949,Helcogramma fuscipectoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,fuscipectoris,,,,,"(Fowler, 1946)", 178950,Enneapterygius bahasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,bahasa,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178951,Springerichthys kulbickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Springerichthys,kulbickii,,,,,"(Fricke & Randall, 1994)", 178952,Clinus woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,woodi,,,,,"(Smith, 1946)", 178953,Blennioclinus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Blennioclinus,brachycephalus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 178954,Enneapterygius sheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,sheni,,,,,"Chiang & Chen, 2008", 178956,Norfolkia leeuwin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Norfolkia,leeuwin,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 178957,Enneapterygius pyramis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,pyramis,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 178958,Enneapterygius ventermaculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,ventermaculus,,,,,"Holleman, 1982", 178959,Enneapterygius melanospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,melanospilus,,,,,"Randall, 1995", 178960,Trianectes bucephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Trianectes,bucephalus,,,,,"McCulloch & Waite, 1918", 178961,Gilloblennius abditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Gilloblennius,abditus,,,,,"Hardy, 1986", 178962,Clinus venustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,venustris,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908", 178963,Enneapterygius triserialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,triserialis,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 178965,Notoclinops segmentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Notoclinops,segmentatus,,,,,"(McCulloch & Phillipps, 1923)", 178966,Helcogramma solorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,solorensis,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178967,Enneapterygius obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,obscurus,,,,,"Clark, 1980", 178968,Pavoclinus smalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,smalei,,,,,"Heemstra & Wright, 1986","This species is described in the genus Pavoclinus, however it should probably be placed in a new genus (W. Holleman pers. comm. 2010)." 178969,Forsterygion maryannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,maryannae,,,,,"(Hardy, 1987)", 178970,Notoclinus fenestratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Notoclinus,fenestratus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 178971,Clinus berrisfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,berrisfordi,,,,,"Penrith, 1967", 178972,Cristiceps aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cristiceps,aurantiacus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1879", 178973,Helcogramma rharhabe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,rharhabe,,,,,"Holleman, 2007", 178974,Pavoclinus profundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,profundus,,,,,"Smith, 1961", 178976,Clinus rotundifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,rotundifrons,,,,,"Barnard, 1937", 178977,Enneapterygius paucifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,paucifasciatus,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 178978,Enneanectes altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,altivelis,,,,,"Rosenblatt, 1960","Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). There are four valid species present in the Gulf of Mexico as of January 2014: E. altivelis, E. boehlkei, E. jordani, and E. pectoralis, and these have been assessed as currently valid." 178979,Helcogramma rhinoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,rhinoceros,,,,,"Hansen, 1986", 178980,Clinus nematopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,nematopterus,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 178981,Helcogramma obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,obtusirostris,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 178982,Enneapterygius genamaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,genamaculatus,,,,,"Holleman, 2005", 178983,Cremnochorites capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Cremnochorites,capensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 178984,Helcogramma larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,larvata,,,,,"Fricke & Randall, 1992", 178985,Enneapterygius pallidoserialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,pallidoserialis,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178986,Enneapterygius rufopileus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,rufopileus,,,,,"(Waite, 1904)", 178987,Enneapterygius altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,altipinnis,,,,,"Clark, 1980", 178988,Notoclinops yaldwyni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Notoclinops,yaldwyni,,,,,"Hardy, 1987", 178989,Helcogramma hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,hudsoni,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 178990,Forsterygion flavonigrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,flavonigrum,,,,,"Fricke & Roberts, 1994", 178991,Enneapterygius williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,williamsi,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 178992,Norfolkia brachylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Norfolkia,brachylepis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1960)", 178993,Cryptichthys jojettae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Cryptichthys,jojettae,,,,,"Hardy, 1987", 178994,Fucomimus mus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Fucomimus,mus,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 178995,Notoclinops caerulepunctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Notoclinops,caerulepunctus,,,,,"Hardy, 1989", 178996,Helcogrammoides cunninghami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogrammoides,cunninghami,,,,,"(Smitt, 1898)", 178997,Clinus cottoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,cottoides,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 178998,Ruanoho decemdigitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Ruanoho,decemdigitatus,,,,,"(Clarke, 1879)", 178999,Clinus latipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,latipennis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836","A sibling species is known from Langebaan, but has yet to be named and published (W. Holleman pers. comm. 2010)." 179000,Helcogramma novaecaledoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,novaecaledoniae,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 179001,Enneapterygius nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,nanus,,,,,"(Schultz, 1960)", 179002,Enneapterygius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,fasciatus,,,,,"(Weber, 1909)", 179003,Cancelloxus burrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cancelloxus,burrelli,,,,,"Smith, 1961", 179004,Xenopoclinus kochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Xenopoclinus,kochi,,,,,"Smith, 1948", 179005,Ericentrus rubrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ericentrus,rubrus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1872)", 179006,Enneapterygius atrogulare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,atrogulare,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 179007,Heteroclinus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,nasutus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 179008,Ophiclinops hutchinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinops,hutchinsi,,,,,"George & Springer, 1980","Ophiclinops hutchinsi appears to be the sister species of O. pardalis, with which it shares generally high counts for meristic characters, a large maximum size, and similarity of colour pattern. Ophiclinops hutchinsi is known only from Western Australia while O. pardalis is known only from eastern Australia. These two species should be synonymized when specimens at localities between the two areas of known distribution are examined and if the populations have intermediate fin-ray and vertebral counts between O. hutchinsi and O. pardalis. (George and Springer 1980, Gomon et al. 1994)." 179009,Heteroclinus antinectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,antinectes,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 179010,Clinoporus biporosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinoporus,biporosus,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 179012,Helcogramma capidata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,capidata,,,,,"Rosenblatt, 1960", 179013,Enneapterygius elaine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,elaine,,,,,"Holleman, 2005", 179014,Forsterygion varium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,varium,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 179015,Heterostichus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heterostichus,rostratus,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 179016,Pavoclinus graminis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,graminis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 179017,Enneapterygius rhothion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,rhothion,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 179018,Helcogramma maldivensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,maldivensis,,,,,"Fricke & Randall, 1992", 179019,Enneapterygius larsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,larsonae,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 179020,Helcogramma steinitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,steinitzi,,,,,"Clark, 1980", 179021,Acanthanectes hystrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Acanthanectes,hystrix,,,,,"Holleman & Buxton, 1993", 179022,Forsterygion gymnota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,gymnota,,,,,"Scott, 1977", 179023,Ribeiroclinus eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ribeiroclinus,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Jordan, 1888)", 179024,Trinorfolkia clarkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Trinorfolkia,clarkei,,,,,"(Morton, 1888)", 179025,Ophiclinus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinus,pectoralis,,,,,"George & Springer, 1980", 179026,Blennodon dorsale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Blennodon,dorsale,,,,,"(Clarke, 1879)", 179027,Ophiclinops varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinops,varius,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1918)", 179028,Myxodes cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Myxodes,cristatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 179029,Karalepis stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Karalepis,stewarti,,,,,"Hardy, 1984", 179030,Helcogrammoides antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogrammoides,antarcticus,,,,,"(Tomo, 1982)", 179031,Helcogramma microstigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,microstigma,,,,,"Holleman, 2006", 179032,Sticharium clarkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Sticharium,clarkae,,,,,"George & Springer, 1980", 179033,Helcogramma ememes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,ememes,,,,,"Holleman, 2007", 179034,Tripterygion tartessicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Tripterygion,tartessicum,,,,,"Carreras-Carbonell, Pascual & Macpherson, 2007","Tripterygion tripteronotum was split into two distinct species, T. tripteronotum and T. tartessicum, based on genetic and morphological characteristics (Carreras-Carbonell et al. 2007)." 179035,Ceratobregma acanthops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Ceratobregma,acanthops,,,,,"(Whitley, 1964)", 179036,Ophiclinus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinus,gracilis,,,,,"(Waite, 1906)", 179037,Enneapterygius mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,mirabilis,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 179038,Helcogramma rosea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,rosea,,,,,"Holleman, 2006", 179039,Brachynectes fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Brachynectes,fasciatus,,,,,"Scott, 1957", 179040,Helcogramma nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,nigra,,,,,"Williams & Howe, 2003", 179041,Blennioclinus stella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Blennioclinus,stella,,,,,"Smith, 1946", 179042,Cristiceps australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cristiceps,australis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 179043,Norfolkia thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Norfolkia,thomasi,,,,,"Whitley, 1964", 179044,Helcogramma fuscopinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,fuscopinna,,,,,"Holleman, 1982", 179045,Enneapterygius pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,pusillus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 179046,Helcogramma serendip,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,serendip,,,,,"Holleman, 2007", 179047,Helcogramma aquila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,aquila,,,,,"Williams & McCormick, 1990", 179048,Apopterygion alta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Apopterygion,alta,,,,,"Kuiter, 1986", 179049,Springeratus xanthosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Springeratus,xanthosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 179050,Cancelloxus longior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cancelloxus,longior,,,,,"Prochazka & Griffiths, 1991", 179051,Muraenoclinus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Muraenoclinus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 179052,Helcogramma lacuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,lacuna,,,,,"Williams & Howe, 2003", 179053,Helcogramma gymnauchen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,gymnauchen,,,,,"(Weber, 1909)", 179054,Clinus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,acuminatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 179055,Lepidoblennius haplodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Lepidoblennius,haplodactylus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867", 179056,Enneapterygius ziegleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,ziegleri,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 179057,Enneapterygius gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,gracilis,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 179058,Helcogramma albimacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,albimacula,,,,,"Williams & Howe, 2003", 179059,Cancelloxus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cancelloxus,elongatus,,,,,"Heemstra & Wright, 1986", 179060,Helcogramma cerasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,cerasina,,,,,"Williams & Howe, 2003", 179061,Cristiceps argyropleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cristiceps,argyropleura,,,,,"Kner, 1865", 179062,Enneapterygius nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,nigricauda,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 179063,Cologrammus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Cologrammus,flavescens,,,,,"(Hutton, 1872)","Molecular work indicates that there is no separation between the Australian species from the New Zealand species, and both are regarded as the same (Hoese, D.F. in prep.)." 179064,Ceratobregma helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Ceratobregma,helenae,,,,,"Holleman, 1987", 179065,Norfolkia squamiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Norfolkia,squamiceps,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1916)", 179066,Enneapterygius gruschkai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,gruschkai,,,,,"Holleman, 2005", 179067,Peronedys anguillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Peronedys,anguillaris,,,,,"Steindachner, 1883", 179068,Enneapterygius vexillarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,vexillarius,,,,,"Fowler, 1946", 179069,Blennophis anguillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Blennophis,anguillaris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 179070,Heteroclinus equiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,equiradiatus,,,,,"(Milward, 1960)", 179071,Enneapterygius destai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,destai,,,,,"Clark, 1980", 179072,Enneapterygius senoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,senoui,,,,,"Motomura, Harazaki & Hardy, 2005", 179074,Enneapterygius minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,minutus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 179075,Pavoclinus pavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,pavo,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 179076,Matanui profundum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Matanui,profundum,,,,,"(Fricke & Roberts, 1994)", 179077,Enneapterygius miyakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,miyakensis,,,,,"Fricke, 1987", 179078,Clinus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,robustus,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908", 179079,Heteroclinus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,tristis,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1872)", 179080,Enneapterygius clarkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,clarkae,,,,,"Holleman, 1982", 179081,Springeratus polyporatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Springeratus,polyporatus,,,,,"Fraser, 1972", 179083,Smithichthys fucorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Smithichthys,fucorum,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 179084,Trinorfolkia incisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Trinorfolkia,incisa,,,,,"(Kuiter, 1986)", 179085,Enneapterygius philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,philippinus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 179086,Enneapterygius trisignatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,trisignatus,,,,,"Fricke, 2001", 179087,Enneapterygius shaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,shaoi,,,,,"Chiang & Chen, 2008", 179088,Gilloblennius tripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Gilloblennius,tripennis,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 179089,Helcogrammoides chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogrammoides,chilensis,,,,,"(Cancino, 1960)", 179090,Clinus brevicristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,brevicristatus,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908", 179091,Climacoporus navalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Climacoporus,navalis,,,,,"Barnard, 1935", 179092,Ophiclinus brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinus,brevipinnis,,,,,"George & Springer, 1980", 179093,Enneapterygius unimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,unimaculatus,,,,,"Fricke, 1994", 179094,Myxodes viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Myxodes,viridis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 179095,Forsterygion malcolmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,malcolmi,,,,,"Hardy, 1987", 179096,Clinus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,superciliosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are two undescribed sibling species, one from False Bay and the second from just east of False Bay (W. Holleman pers.comm. 2010)." 179097,Clinus taurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,taurus,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908", 179099,Forsterygion capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,capito,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 179100,Ophiclinus gabrieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinus,gabrieli,,,,,"(Waite, 1906)", 179102,Enneapterygius elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,elegans,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 179103,Helcogramma desa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,desa,,,,,"Williams & Howe, 2003", 179104,Pavoclinus caeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Pavoclinus,caeruleopunctatus,,,,,"Zsilavecz, 2001", 179105,Clinus heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,heterodon,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 179106,Enneapterygius etheostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,etheostoma,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1902)", 179107,Enneapterygius howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,howensis,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 179108,Heteroclinus perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,perspicillatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 179109,Helcogramma chica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,chica,,,,,"Rosenblatt, 1960", 179110,Helcogramma billi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,billi,,,,,"Hansen, 1986", 179111,Helcogramma trigloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,trigloides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 179112,Enneapterygius hemimelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,hemimelas,,,,,"(Kner & Steindachner, 1867)", 179113,Notoclinus compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Notoclinus,compressus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1872)", 179114,Ophiclinus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Ophiclinus,antarcticus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1872", 179115,Forsterygion nigripenne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Forsterygion,nigripenne,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 179116,Enneanectes jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,jordani,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1899)","Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). There are four valid species present in the Gulf of Mexico as of January 2014: E. altivelis, E. boehlkei, E. jordani, and E. pectoralis, and these have been assessed as currently valid." 17971,Pomatias raricosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Pomatias,raricosta,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","At present there are five species of this genus recognized from the Canary Islands. There are no species recognized from Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, however on each island at least one undescribed species exists.

With the exception of P. raricostata, which is easily recognizable, the described species are very similar, and by contrast the shells of the undescribed species are quite distinct. In addition on each island the animal has a different colour.

The taxonomy for these species is confused and the group is in urgent need of a major revision, however, the ability to undertake such a revision is severely limited by a lack of living material. A further problem is that the shell is thick and is able to withstand erosion, hence dead shells may represent a long time period, even centuries under certain conditions." 180208,Paelopatides solea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,solea,,,,,"Théel, 1886", 180209,Pseudostichopus aemaulatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,aemaulatus,,,,,"Solis-Marin, Billett, Preston & Rogers, 2004", 180211,Holothuria flavocastanea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,flavocastanea,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)",This species is possibly a synonym of Holothuria parvula. Rowe (1969) places this species in synonymy with H. difficilis. 180212,Holothuria caparti,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,caparti,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1965", 180213,Holothuria hamata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,hamata,,,,,"Pearson, 1913", 180214,Mesothuria cathedralis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,cathedralis,,,,,"Heding, 1940", 180215,Holothuria spinifera,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,spinifera,,,,,"Théel, 1886", 180216,Bohadschia koellikeri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,koellikeri,,,,,"(Semper, 1868)","This species may be a hybrid between B. argus and B. marmorata (Kim et al. 2009)." 180218,Holothuria coronopertusa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,coronopertusa,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1980", 180219,Holothuria rowei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,rowei,,,,,"Pawson & Gust, 1981","A synonym for this species is Platyperona rowei." 180220,Bohadschia maculisparsa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,maculisparsa,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1985", 180223,Parastichopus tremulus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Parastichopus,tremulus,,,,,"(Gunnerus, 1767)", 180224,Pseudostichopus papillatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,papillatus,,,,,"(Djakonov, 1952)", 180226,Holothuria erinaceaus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,erinaceaus,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180227,Molpadiodemas porphyrus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,porphyrus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180228,Holothuria floridana,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,floridana,,,,,"Pourtalés, 1851",This species can hybridize with Holothuria mexicana. The hybrids are viable and difficult to differentiate. 180230,Holothuria pyxis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pyxis,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180231,Holothuria verrucosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,verrucosa,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180232,Holothuria dura,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,dura,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981", 180233,Holothuria fuligina,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,fuligina,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180234,Holothuria vemae,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,vemae,,,,,"Thandar, 1988","The type-taxon for this species is Roweothuria (WoRMS 2010)." 180235,Holothuria hilla,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,hilla,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 180236,Holothuria olivacea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,olivacea,,,,,"Ludwig, 1888",This species may also be known as Holothuria ludwigi. 180237,Stichopus ellipes,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,ellipes,,,,,"H. L .Clark, 1938", 180238,Stichopus herrmanni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,herrmanni,,,,,"Semper, 1868","This species was known as Stichopus variegatus (Rasolofonirina pers comm. 2010), which is now synonomized under S. horrens." 180239,Holothuria multipilula,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,multipilula,,,,,"L. Yulin, 1975", 180240,Holothuria duoturricula,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,duoturricula,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180241,Actinopyga bacilla,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,bacilla,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180245,Holothuria kefersteinii,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,kefersteinii,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)","This species has several synonyms: Stichopus kefersteini, Holothuria inornata, Ludwigothuria kefersteini, Holothuria (Halodeima) kefersteini, Holothuria (Paraholothuria) riojai." 180246,Holothuria difficilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,difficilis,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180247,Holothuria zihuatanensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,zihuatanensis,,,,,"Caso, 1964", 180248,Pearsonothuria graeffei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Pearsonothuria,graeffei,,,,,"(Semper, 1868)","

Previously known as Bohadschia graeffei (Conand 2008).

" 180249,Holothuria strigosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,strigosa,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180250,Paelopatides quadridens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,quadridens,,,,,"Heding, 1940", 180251,Actinopyga crassa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,crassa,,,,,"Panning, 1944", 180252,Holothuria glaberrima,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,glaberrima,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180253,Molpadiodemas helios,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,helios,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180254,Holothuria paraprinceps,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,paraprinceps,,,,,"Deichmann, 1938", 180255,Holothuria foresti,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,foresti,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981", 180256,Bathyplotes punctatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,punctatus,,,,,"(Sluiter,1901)", 180257,Holothuria scabra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,scabra,,,,,"Jaeger, 1833","

Holothuria scabra and H. scabra var. versicolor (now H. lessoni) have recently been properly identified as distinctive species (Uthicke et al. 2005).

" 180258,Holothuria surinamensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,surinamensis,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875",Halodeima surinamensis and Semperothuria surinamensis may be other names for this species. 180259,Molpadiodemas involutus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,involutus,,,,,"(Sluiter, 1901)",This species is also known as Molpadiodemas involutus. 180260,Holothuria michaelseni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,michaelseni,,,,,"Erwe, 1913", 180261,Paroriza prohoi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paroriza,prohoi,,,,,"Hérouard, 1902", 180262,Mesothuria bifurcata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,bifurcata,,,,,"Hérouard, 1906", 180263,Molpadiodemas epibiotus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,epibiotus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180264,Holothuria cavans,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,cavans,,,,,"Massin, 1996", 180265,Actinopyga miliaris,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,miliaris,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)", 180266,Actinopyga lecanora,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,lecanora,,,,,"(Jaeger, 1833)", 180268,Holothuria pulla,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pulla,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 180270,Holothuria tripilata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,tripilata,,,,,"Massin, 1987", 180271,Molpadiodemas atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,atlanticus,,,,,"(R. Perrier, 1902)","This species is also known as Pseudostichopus atlanticus in the literature (Hansson 2001, Briggs 1985)." 180272,Holothuria crosnieri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,crosnieri,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988","This species has a subgenus, Platyperona." 180273,Paelopatides grisea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,grisea,,,,,"R. Perrier, 1902", 180274,Bohadschia tenuissima,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,tenuissima,,,,,"(Semper, 1868)",The taxonomy of this species is not certain over much of its supposed range. 180275,Holothuria lessoni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,lessoni,,,,,"Massin et al., 2009","

Previously known as Holothuria scabra var. versicolor.



" 180276,Mesothuria verrilli,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,verrilli,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)", 180278,Labidodemas pertinax,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,pertinax,,,,,"(Ludwig, 1875)","This species may be confused with Labidodemas semperianum." 180281,Holothuria massaspicula,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,massaspicula,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1954", 180282,Molpadiodemas depressus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,depressus,,,,,"(Hérouard, 1902)", 180283,Holothuria hartmeyeri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,hartmeyeri,,,,,"Erwe, 1913", 180284,Stichopus mollis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,mollis,,,,,"(Hutton, 1872)",This species may also be known as Holothuria mollis and Stichopus simulans. 180285,Thelenota rubralineata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Thelenota,rubralineata,,,,,"Massin & Lane, 1991", 180286,Holothuria pardalis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pardalis,,,,,"Selenka, 1867","This species is often mistaken for Holothuria arenicola." 180287,Bathyplotes imperfectus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,imperfectus,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981", 180288,Labidodemas spineum,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,spineum,,,,,"Massin, Samyn & Thandar, 2004","This species is sometimes mistaken for L. semperianum (Samyn et al. 2005)." 180289,Holothuria stellati,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,stellati,,,,,"Delle Chiaje, 1823","This species is in possible synonymia with Holothuria tubulosa (Borrero-Perez et al. 2009). Gustato and Villari 1979 established there are two species clearly identified in Naples." 180290,Holothuria martensii,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,martensii,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180292,Molpadiodemas neovillosus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,neovillosus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005","Also known as Pseudostichopus villosus (Théel, 1886) (O'Lough and Ahearn 2005)." 180294,Molpadiodemas translucens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,translucens,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180295,Holothuria poli,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,poli,,,,,"Delle Chiaje, 1823","In many reports this species is spelled as Holothuria polii. A synonym is Muelleria parvula." 180296,Holothuria annulifera,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,annulifera,,,,,"Fisher, 1907", 180297,Holothuria forskali,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,forskali,,,,,"Delle Chiaje, 1823","This species used to be identified as Panningothuria forskali. Other possible synonyms are H. catanensis, H. nigra, and Stichopus selenkae." 180298,Parastichopus regalis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Parastichopus,regalis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)","Clark, H.L. (1922) erected the genus Parastichopus with as main characteristic the presence of Thelenota-like dichotomous branching rods. This is a characteristic of the species regalis and tremulus. According to this fact, Rowe (unpublished data) put regalis and tremulus in the genus Parastichopus, in contrast to Cutress & Miller (1982), who included regalis in the genus Eostichopus.


Eostichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817)
Gastrothuria limbata R. Perrier, 1899 (synonym)
Holothuria columnae Cuvier, 1817 (synonym)
Holothuria regalis Cuvier, 1817 (synonym)
Holothuria triquetra Delle Chiaje, 1841 (synonym)
Stichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817) (synonym)

[Most of the information for this account comes from publications dealing with Stichopus regalis]" 180299,Mesothuria rugosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,rugosa,,,,,"Hérouard, 1912","Holothuria murrayi, Mesothuria murrayi are synonyms for this species (Solis-Marin 2003)." 180300,Mesothuria expectans,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,expectans,,,,,"R. Perrier, 1898", 180301,Holothuria sinefibula,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,sinefibula,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1965", 180303,Bohadschia mitsioensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,mitsioensis,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180305,Synallactes mollis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,mollis,,,,,"Cherbonnier,1952", 180306,Bathyplotes sulcatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,sulcatus,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901","This species is better known as Capheira sulcatus (Sluiter, 1901)." 180307,Holothuria horrida,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,horrida,,,,,"Massin, 1987", 180308,Holothuria integra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,integra,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1908", 180310,Holothuria minax,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,minax,,,,,"Théel, 1886", 180312,Bathyplotes tizardi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,tizardi,,,,,"(Théel, 1882)", 180313,Isostichopus macroparentheses,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Isostichopus,macroparentheses,,,,,"(H. L .Clark, 1922)",This species is also known as Sticopus macroparentheses. 180314,Actinopyga fusca,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,fusca,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1980", 180315,Holothuria glandifera,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,glandifera,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1955", 180316,Mesothuria multipes,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,multipes,,,,,"Ludwig,1894","A taxonomic revision of this species is recommended, because it was collected only once in the 19th century (Alvarado pers. comm. 2010)." 180317,Holothuria unica,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,unica,,,,,"Rowe, 1989", 180318,Holothuria imitans,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,imitans,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180319,Holothuria submersa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,submersa,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901", 180320,Holothuria suspecta,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,suspecta,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1958", 180321,Holothuria remollescens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,remollescens,,,,,"Lampert, 1888", 180322,Stichopus rubermaculosus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,rubermaculosus,,,,,"Massin, Zulfigar, Hwai & Boss, 2002", 180323,Bohadschia paradoxa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,paradoxa,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)", 180324,Thelenota anax,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Thelenota,anax,,,,,"H. L. Clark, 1921", 180325,Paelopatides confundens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,confundens,,,,,"Théel, 1886", 180326,Holothuria nobilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,nobilis,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)","Uthicke et al. (2004) by genetic analysis differentiated H. whitmaei, H. fuscogilva and H. nobilis, which were previously confused." 180328,Holothuria samoana,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,samoana,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180329,Holothuria sanctori,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,sanctori,,,,,"Delle Chiaje, 1823","This species was known as Platyperona sanctori (WoRMS). Other synonyms include H. farcimen." 180331,Mesothuria murrayi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,murrayi,,,,,"(Théel,1886)","The taxonomy for this species is debated between the Atlantic and Pacific distributions (Hansen, 1956)." 180332,Australostichopus mollis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Australostichopus,mollis,,,,,Hutton 1872,"

Australostichopus mollis was previously known as S. mollis.

" 180333,Mesothuria regularia,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,regularia,,,,,"Heding, 1940", 180335,Holothuria vittalonga,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,vittalonga,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180336,Bathyplotes gourdoni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,gourdoni,,,,,"(Vaney, 1914)","There is one synonym for this species, B. rubipunctatus (Gutt 1991)." 180337,Actinopyga mauritiana,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,mauritiana,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)",

There are a few different morphs in the Africa and Indian Ocean region (Conand 2008) which may make correct identification of the species difficult.

180338,Actinopyga obesa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,obesa,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)","There are two subspecies of Actinopyga obesa, entitled A. obesa obesa and A. obesa palauensi." 180339,Mesothuria abberviata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,abberviata,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 180340,Holothuria notabilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,notabilis,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180341,Stichopus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,paradoxus,,,,,"Lampert, 1885", 180343,Holothuria brauni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,brauni,,,,,"Helfer, 1912", 180344,Paelopatides atlantica,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,atlantica,,,,,"Hérouard, 1902", 180345,Mesothuria connectens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,connectens,,,,,"(R. Perrier,1898)", 180346,Bathyplotes bongraini,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,bongraini,,,,,"Vaney, 1914","There is only one synonym known for this species, B. fuscivinculum (O'Loughlin 2002)." 180347,Holothuria modesta,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,modesta,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180349,Holothuria granosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,granosa,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180350,Paroriza pallens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paroriza,pallens,,,,,"(Koehler, 1896)", 180352,Bohadschia vitiensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,vitiensis,,,,,"(Semper, 1868)","A critical review is needed, as there is some confusion with B. marmorata and B. tenuissima (Rasolofonirina pers. comm. 2010).

This species may be confused with B. subrubra (Conand 2008). Samyn et al. (2006) consider B. similis and B. vitiensis as synonyms of B. marmorata. Conand (2008) recommends the taxonomic revision of the whole genus Bohadschia.

" 180355,Bohadschia atra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,atra,,,,,"Massin, Rasolofonirina, Conand & Samyn, 1999","

This species has been recently described. It may be mistaken with Bohadschia argus (Samyn et al. 2006) and B. subrubra (Conand 2008).

" 180356,Holothuria platei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,platei,,,,,"Ludwig, 1898",This species may also be known as Mertensiothuria platei (Deichman 1958). There have been no specimens collected after 1958. This species is in need of a taxonomic review. 180357,Actinopyga serratidens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,serratidens,,,,,"Pearson, 1903","This species has three subspecies which are: A. serratidens agassizii, A. serratidens serratidens, and A. serratidens bannwarthi (Samyn et al. 2006)." 180358,Synallactes robertsoni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,robertsoni,,,,,"(Vaney, 1908)", 180361,Holothuria klunzingeri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,klunzingeri,,,,,"Lampert, 1885", 180363,Stichopus pseudohorrens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,pseudohorrens,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1967",The taxonomy of this species is not-well established. 180364,Holothuria jousseaumei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,jousseaumei,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1955", 180365,Paelopatides gigantea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,gigantea,,,,,"Théel, 1886", 180366,Holothuria exilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,exilis,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1908", 180367,Stichopus monotuberculatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,monotuberculatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)","A taxonomic review is in progress (Uthicke et al. 2010, and Byrne et al. 2010).

Conand (2008) suggests a taxonomic revision of S. monotuberculatus. In Réunion it was formerly known as S. horrens.

" 180368,Apostichopus parvimensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Apostichopus,parvimensis,,,,,"(H.L. Clark, 1913)",This species is recognized as Parastichopus parvimensis or Apostichopus parvimensis. 180369,Holothuria zacae,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,zacae,,,,,"Deichmann, 1937",This species is a synonym of Vaneyothuria zacae (Diechmann 1958). 180370,Holothuria albofusca,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,albofusca,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988","This species has a subgenus, Mertensiothuria." 180371,Holothuria lentiginosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,lentiginosa,,,,,"von Marenzeller, 1892",This species may warrant a taxonomic revision (Alvarado pers. comm. 2010). 180372,Bohadschia steinitzi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,steinitzi,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1963", 180373,Isostichopus fuscus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Isostichopus,fuscus,,,,,"(Ludwig, 1875)",This species may be the same as Stichopus fuscus. This species was confused with I. badionotus. 180375,Holothuria leucospilota,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,leucospilota,,,,,"(Brandt, 1835)", 180376,Holothuria portovallartensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,portovallartensis,,,,,"Caso, 1954",Synonyms for this species are Holothuria marenzelleri var. theeli and Selenkothuria portovallartensis. 180377,Bathyplotes pourtalesii,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,pourtalesii,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)","Bathyplotes bipartitus, Stichopus pourtalessi are synonyms of this species (WORMS database)." 180378,Neostichopus mollis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Neostichopus,mollis,,,,,"(Hutton, 1872)",This species is also known as Australostichopus mollis. 180379,Mesothuria triradiata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,triradiata,,,,,"Heding, 1942", 180380,Holothuria pseudofossor,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pseudofossor,,,,,"Deichmann, 1930",This species is sometimes confused with Holothuria cubana (Deichmann 1930). 180381,Pseudostichopus mollis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,mollis,,,,,"Théel, 1882", 180382,Parastichopus nigripunctatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Parastichopus,nigripunctatus,,,,,(Angustin), 180383,Holothuria dicorona,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,dicorona,,,,,"(Heding, 1934)", 180385,Holothuria grisea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,grisea,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180386,Bohadschia similis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,similis,,,,,"(Semper, 1868)","

Conand (2008) recommends the taxonomic revision of the whole genus Bohadschia. Samyn et al. (2006) consider B. similis a synonym of B. marmorata.

" 180387,Holothuria lubrica,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,lubrica,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180388,Holothuria dofleinii,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,dofleinii,,,,,"Augustin, 1908", 180389,Holothuria aphanes,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,aphanes,,,,,"Lampert, 1885", 180390,Actinopyga albonigra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,albonigra,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1984", 180391,Stichopus ludwigi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,ludwigi,,,,,"Erwe, 1913", 180393,Holothuria arguinensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,arguinensis,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1906", 180394,Holothuria chilensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,chilensis,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180395,Holothuria coluber,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,coluber,,,,,"Semper, 1868","This species is sometimes confused with Holothruia flavomaculata." 180399,Labidodemas rugosum,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,rugosum,,,,,"(Ludwig, 1875)",This species may also be known as Holothuria triremis. 180400,Holothuria edulis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,edulis,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 180403,Holothuria papillifera,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,papillifera,,,,,"Hedingin Mortensen, 1938", 180405,Holothuria arenacava,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,arenacava,,,,,"Samyn, Massin & Muthigha, 2001", 180406,Actinopyga palauensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,palauensis,,,,,"Panning, 1944", 180407,Holothuria conusalba,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,conusalba,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1984", 180409,Mesothuria sufflava,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,sufflava,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1984",Needs taxonomic revisióin based in Appeltans 2002. 180410,Holothuria conica,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,conica,,,,,"H. L. Clark, 1938", 180411,Bohadschia marmorata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,marmorata,,,,,"(Jaeger, 1833)","

Conand (2008) recommends the taxonomic revision of the whole genus Bohadschia. This species may be mistaken with B. subrubra and B. vitiensis (Conand 2008).

Samyn et al. (2006) consider B. similis and B. vitiensis as synonyms of B. marmorata.  Uthicke et al. (2010) states that B. vitiensis is not a synomym of B. marmorata. Clouse et al. (2005) redescribed this species from Micronesia, but its ecological traits are discongruent with the ecological traits of similar looking specimens from the South Pacific.

" 180413,Holothuria occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,occidentalis,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180414,Holothuria fuscopunctata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,fuscopunctata,,,,,"Jaeger, 1833","This species used to be called Holothuria axiloga." 180415,Pseudostichopus spiculiferus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,spiculiferus,,,,,"O'Loughlin,2002", 180418,Holothuria milloti,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,milloti,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180420,Holothuria gracilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,gracilis,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180421,Holothuria atra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,atra,,,,,"Jaeger, 1833","There are two morphs (one is smaller by the coast that asexually reproduces, and another which is larger in outer reefs with no asexual reproduction) that were found to be genetically identical (Uthicke et al. 2010)." 180422,Synallactes viridilimus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,viridilimus,,,,,"Cherbonnier,1952", 180423,Holothuria fuscorubra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,fuscorubra,,,,,"Théel, 1886", 180424,Apostichopus japonicus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Apostichopus,japonicus,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)","

Apostichopus japonicus was formerly known as Stichopus japonicus.

" 180427,Holothuria tortonesei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,tortonesei,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1979", 180428,Holothuria bacilla,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,bacilla,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180431,Holothuria excellens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,excellens,,,,,"(Ludwig, 1875)","This species was thought to be a synonym of H. difficilis (Rowe 1969) but Cherbonnier did not agree (1988)." 180432,Pseudostichopus echinatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,echinatus,,,,,"Thandar, 1992", 180434,Mesothuria carnosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,carnosa,,,,,"Fisher,1907", 180435,Holothuria asperita,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,asperita,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1976", 180436,Parastichopus californicus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Parastichopus,californicus,,,,,"(Stimpson, 1857)","Holothuria californica, Stichopus californicus, and Stichopus johnsonni may be synonyms for this species. Was previously confused with S. fuscus." 180437,Holothuria arenicola,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,arenicola,,,,,"Semper, 1868","

The Holothuria arenicola reported for the Caribbean may be a different species (Samyn et al. 2006). Current status of this species is likely to be a complex and taxonomic revision is needed.

" 180439,Holothuria albiventer,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,albiventer,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180440,Holothuria whitmaei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,whitmaei,,,,,"Bell, 1887","Uthicke et al. (2004), by genetic analysis, differentiated H. whitmaei, H. fuscogilva and H. nobilis, which were previously confused." 180441,Molpadiodemas villosus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,villosus,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)",This species is also known as Molpadiodemas villosus. 180443,Holothuria rigida,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,rigida,,,,,"Selenka, 1867",Fossothuria rigida may be another name for this species. 180445,Molpadiodemas ustulatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,ustulatus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180446,Holothuria stocki,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,stocki,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1964",Halodeima stocki may be another name for this species. 180447,Holothuria macroperona,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,macroperona,,,,,"Clark, 1938", 180448,Holothuria parva,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,parva,,,,,"Krauss, 1885", 180450,Labidodemas quadripartitum,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,quadripartitum,,,,,"Massin, Samyn & Thandar, 2004", 180451,Holothuria hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Fisher, 1907", 180452,Bathyplotes natans,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,natans,,,,,"Östergren, 1896","Bathyplotes assimilis, Bathyplotes heterotilydes, Bathyplotes moseleyi, Bathyplotes ostergreni, Bathyplotes papillosus, Bathyplotes patagiatus, Holothuria natans, and Stichopus moseleyi are synonyms for this species (WORMs database). It can be confused with Bathyplotes fallax and with Bathyplotes pouratalesii. A taxonomic revision of this species is recommended (Borrero-Perez et al. 2003)." 180453,Holothuria cumulus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,cumulus,,,,,"H. L. Clark, 1921", 180454,Pseudostichopus profundi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,profundi,,,,,"Djakonov,1952", 180455,Holothuria tubulosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,tubulosa,,,,,"Gmelin, 1790", 180456,Molpadiodemas pustulosus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,pustulosus,,,,,"(Sluiter, 1901)",The species was confused with Meseres propiquus (Fisher) 180458,Holothuria sulcata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,sulcata,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180459,Pseudostichopus peripatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,peripatus,,,,,"(Sluiter, 1901)",One junior synonym Pseudostichopus (O'Loughlin and Ahearn 2005) 180460,Pseudostichopus tuberosus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,tuberosus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180462,Mesothuria candelabra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,candelabra,,,,,"Hérouard, 1923", 180464,Bathyplotes spuma,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,spuma,,,,,"(Vaney, 1908)", 180465,Synallactes crucifera,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,crucifera,,,,,"R. Perrier, 1898", 180466,Holothuria turrisimperfecta,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,turrisimperfecta,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1964", 180467,Molpadiodemas constrictus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,constrictus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180468,Mesothuria lactea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,lactea,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)","Synonyms for this species are Zygothuria lactea, Holothuria lactea, and H. aspera." 180469,Holothuria parvula,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,parvula,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)",This species is easily confused with Holothuria surinamensis. 180470,Holothuria sinica,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,sinica,,,,,"Liao, 1980", 180471,Holothuria kubaryi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,kubaryi,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180473,Synallactes laguardai,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,laguardai,,,,,"Solis-Marin, 2005", 180474,Actinopyga capillata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,capillata,,,,,"Rowe & Massin, 2006", 180475,Paelopatides appendiculata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,appendiculata,,,,,"Théel, 1886", 180476,Stichopus naso,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,naso,,,,,"Semper, 1868","Stichopus levis, Stichopus oshimae and Stichopus herrmanni may be synonyms for this species.

Conand (2008) suggests a taxonomic revision of S. naso.

" 180477,Stichopus chloronotus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,chloronotus,,,,,"Brandt, 1835",This species is also known as Stichopus cylindricus and Stichopus hirotai . 180478,Actinopyga flammea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,flammea,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1979", 180479,Labidodemas semperianum,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,semperianum,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180480,Synallactes angustus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,angustus,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981", 180481,Thelenota ananas,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Thelenota,ananas,,,,,"(Jaeger, 1833)", 180482,Molpadiodemas morbillus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,morbillus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180483,Holothuria flavomaculata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,flavomaculata,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180484,Labidodemas pseudosemperianum,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,pseudosemperianum,,,,,"Massin, Samyn & Thandar, 2004", 180487,Holothuria moebii,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,moebii,,,,,"Ludwig, 1883", 180488,Stichopus horrens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,horrens,,,,,"Selenka, 1867","

There is a taxonomic review in process (Uthicke et al. 2010, Byrne et al. 2010).

" 180490,Holothuria riojai,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,riojai,,,,,"Caso, 1963","This species is possibly nomen dubium." 180491,Holothuria mactanensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,mactanensis,,,,,"Tan Tiu, 1981", 180494,Holothuria fuscocinerea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,fuscocinerea,,,,,"Jaeger, 1833", 180495,Actinopyga spinea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,spinea,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1980", 180496,Mesothuria roulei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,roulei,,,,,"(Koehler, 1896)", 180497,Holothuria thomasi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,thomasi,,,,,"Pawson & Caycedo, 1980", 180498,Holothuria languens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,languens,,,,,"Selenka, 1867","This species is morphologically similar to H. imitans, but the ossicle tables posses a higher number of spines on the border of the disk (Solis et al. 2009)." 180499,Holothuria turriscelsa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,turriscelsa,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1980", 180500,Holothuria discrepans,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,discrepans,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 180504,Holothuria cinerascens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,cinerascens,,,,,"(Brandt, 1835)", 180505,Mesothuria crebrapedes,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,crebrapedes,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981", 180506,Pseudostichopus occulatatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,occulatatus,,,,,"von Marenzeller, 1893", 180508,Holothuria helleri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,helleri,,,,,"von Marenzeller, 1878","A synonym for this species is H. affinis." 180509,Holothuria cubana,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,cubana,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875","Fossothuria cubana is a synonym of this species (Quinones 1981)." 180510,Actinopyga bannwarthi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,bannwarthi,,,,,"Panning, 1944", 180511,Bohadschia subrubra,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,subrubra,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)","

This species is formerly known as B. argus (see redescription in Massin et al. (1999)).











" 180512,Holothuria impatiens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,impatiens,,,,,"Forskaal, 1775","This species is part of a complex, and the taxonomy needs to be revised." 180513,Stichopus anapinusus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,anapinusus,,,,,"(Lampert, 1885)", 180514,Holothuria mammata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,mammata,,,,,"Grube, 1840", 180515,Bathyplotes moseleyi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,moseleyi,,,,,(Théel 1886), 180517,Mesothuria maroccana,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,maroccana,,,,,"Perrier, 1902", 180518,Actinopyga echinites,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,echinites,,,,,"(Jaeger, 1833)", 180521,Neostichopus grammatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Neostichopus,grammatus,,,,,"(H. L. Clark, 1923)",This species may also be known as Holothuria grammata and Stichopus grammatus. 180522,Synallactes crebrapapilla,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,crebrapapilla,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981", 180523,Bohadschia cousteaui,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,cousteaui,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1954", 180524,Stichopus quadrifasciatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,quadrifasciatus,,,,,"Massin, 1999", 180525,Holothuria pervicax,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pervicax,,,,,"Selenka, 1867","This species may also be known by Holothuria curiosa pervicax, Holothuria depressa, Holothuria fuscocinerea pervicax, Holothuria mammiculata and Mertensiothuria pervicax ." 180526,Benthothuria funebris,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Benthothuria,funebris,,,,,"R. Perrier, 1898","A possible synonym for this species is Benthothuria valdiviae (Massin, from WoRMS)." 180527,Molpadiodemas crinitus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,crinitus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180530,Actinopyga caerulea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,caerulea,,,,,"Samyn, Vanden Spiegel & Massin, 2006","In the Philippines this species may previously have been recorded as Actinopyga crassa or Actinopyga bannwarti (Samyn et al. 2006)
" 180531,Holothuria dakarensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,dakarensis,,,,,"Panning, 1939","Synonyms for this species include Holothuria stellati dakarensis (Pawson et al. 2010)." 180532,Holothuria sucosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,sucosa,,,,,"Erwe, 1919", 180534,Holothuria inhabilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,inhabilis,,,,,"Selenka, 1867", 180535,Stichopus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,ocellatus,,,,,"Massin, Zulfigar, Hwai & Boss, 2002", 180536,Molpadiodemas pediculus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,pediculus,,,,,"O'Loughlin & Ahearn, 2005", 180537,Holothuria mammosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,mammosa,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1988", 180539,Holothuria lineata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,lineata,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 180540,Mesothuria intestinalis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,intestinalis,,,,,"(Ascanius, 1805)","Synonyms for this species are Fistularia mollis, Holothuria intestinalis, and Thyonidium scabrum." 180541,Bohadschia argus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Bohadschia,argus,,,,,"(Jaeger, 1833)","Conand (2008) recommends the taxonomic revision of the whole genus Bohadschia. This species may be confused with B. atra." 180542,Holothuria maculosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,maculosa,,,,,"Pearson, 1913", 180544,Stichopus noctivagus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,noctivagus,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1980", 180545,Stichopus vastus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Stichopus,vastus,,,,,"Sluiter, 1888", 180546,Mesothuria milleri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,milleri,,,,,"Ludwig, 1894", 180547,Holothuria aculeata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,aculeata,,,,,"Semper, 1868","Massin et al. (2009) distinguished this species from H. scabra and H. lessoni, but its identity as a separate species is known only from one specimen in Philippines.  H. lessoni is sometimes misidentified as H. aculeata." 180549,Holothuria princeps,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,princeps,,,,,"Selenka, 1867","This species may also be known as Theelothuria princeps. The synonym with H. imperator needs to be reviewed to see if they are different species." 180646,Pseudecheneis sympelvica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,sympelvica,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 180649,Hemibarbus songloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Hemibarbus,songloensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. 180651,Bihunichthys monopteroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Bihunichthys,monopteroides,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1994", 180655,Liniparhomaloptera monoloba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Liniparhomaloptera,monoloba,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Liniparhomaloptera monoloba was described by Mai 1978 from Ky-Phú creek in northern Viet Nam. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 180659,Pareuchiloglanis nebulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,nebulifer,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2000", 180660,Schistura paucicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,paucicincta,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180661,Hemimyzon khonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,khonensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180663,Pseudogastromyzon elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Pseudogastromyzon,elongatus,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 180664,Homaloptera confuzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,confuzona,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180666,Schistura ephelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,ephelis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180667,Discherodontus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discherodontus,parvus,,,,,"(Wu & Lin, 1977)", 180668,Ompok pinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,pinnatus,,,,,"Ng, 2003","This species was described from the Mekong River drainage in Cambodia (Ng 2003), and has been previously misidentified as O. eugeneiatus in older literature." 180669,Rasbora rubrodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,rubrodorsalis,,,,,"Donoso-Büchner & Schmidt, 1997", 180670,Kryptopterus dissitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,dissitus,,,,,"Ng, 2001", 180671,Garra fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,fuliginosa,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 180672,Pangio shelfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,shelfordii,,,,,"Popta, 1903", 180673,Laides longibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Laides,longibarbis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)",This species was described as a species of Pangasius by Fowler (1934) from the Mekong River at Chiang Saen. It has long been considered a junior synonym of Laides hexanema (e.g. Smith 1945; Rainboth 1996) until Ng (1999) revalidated this species. 180674,Parachela williaminae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parachela,williaminae,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 180676,Kryptopterus paraschilbeides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,paraschilbeides,,,,,"Ng, 2003","This species was described from the Tonle Sap River (part of the Mekong River drainage) in Cambodia (Ng 2003).  Prior to its recognition as a distinct species, it has been misidentified in literature as K. schilbeides." 180677,Hemibagrus spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,spilopterus,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 1999","The name H. nemurus has been used for fishes throughout southeast Asia, including Indochina, Thailand and peninsular Malaysia. It is now restricted to a species distributed only in Java (Indonesia), while the populations from the Mekong, Chao Phraya and Mae Khlong drainages are H. spilopterus (Ng and Rainboth 1999), and populations form other parts of the Sundaic region refer to another species (H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2011)." 180678,Rhinogobius vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,vermiculatus,,,,,"Chen & Kottelat, 2001","
" 180680,Kottelatlimia pristes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Kottelatlimia,pristes,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 180684,Protosalanx chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Protosalanx,chinensis,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)", 180685,Rhinogobius longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,longipinnis,,,,,"Nguyen & Vo, 2005","Rhinogobius longipinnis was described by Nguyen and Vo 2005 from the Nui Coc Lake in the mountainous midland region of northeastern Viet Nam (Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180687,Luciosoma trinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Luciosoma,trinema,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 180688,Nahangbagrus songamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Nahangbagrus,songamensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Vo, 2005", 180690,Lycothrissa crocodilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Lycothrissa,crocodilus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 180691,Schistura kongphengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kongphengi,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 180692,Brachygobius mekongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Brachygobius,mekongensis,,,,,"Larson & Vidthayanon, 2000", 180695,Hemibagrus dongbacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,dongbacensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","The taxonomic status of this species remains unclear, but it is most likely a junior synonym of H. guttatus (H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2011)." 180696,Devario maetaengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,maetaengensis,,,,,"(Fang, 1997)", 180697,Nemacheilus cleopatra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,cleopatra,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001","Nemacheilus cleopatra was described by Freyhof and Serov 2001 from River Sol near Plao Ganong about 60 kilometers south of Pleiku in Central Viet Nam (Gia Lai Province)." 180699,Chanodichthys flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Chanodichthys,flavipinnis,,,,,"(Tirant, 1883)","
" 180700,Devario gibber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,gibber,,,,,"(Kottelat, 2000)","Earlier placed in genus Danio." 180705,Schistura dorsizona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,dorsizona,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 180708,Rasbora amplistriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,amplistriga,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180712,Schistura defectiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,defectiva,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180713,Garra bourreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,bourreti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 180714,Nemacheilus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,ornatus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180715,Osteochilus bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,bleekeri,,,,,"Kottelat, 2008", 180716,Mastacembelus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,undulatus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1844)","In most literature, Mastacembalus undulatus is treated as synonym of M. armatus (Lacepede, 1800). According to Roberts (1986, 1986) and Britz et al. (2007), Mastacembalus undulatus is a valid species. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180717,Pterocryptis cucphuongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,cucphuongensis,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Described in Silurus by Mai (1978), and moved to Pterocryptis by Ng and Kottelat 1998)." 180718,Papuligobius ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Papuligobius,ocellatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 180719,Rhinogobius taenigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,taenigena,,,,,"Chen, Kottelat & Miller, 1999", 180721,Neolissochilus paucisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,paucisquamatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 180722,Pangio elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,elongata,,,,,"Britz & Maclaine, 2007","

Records suggest that the species has been collected as early as 1887 when it was caught by Fea at Meetan in Myanmar, and by Vinceguerra as P. pangia in 1889.

" 180723,Schistura magnifluvis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,magnifluvis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180726,Kryptopterus geminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,geminus,,,,,"Ng, 2003","This species was described from the Mekong River in Stung Treng province, Cambodia (Ng 2003). Prior to its recognition as a distinct species, it has been misidentified as K. cryptopterus." 180727,Polynemus melanochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polynemus,melanochir,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1831", 180729,Danio kerri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,kerri,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 180730,Ceratoglanis scleronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ceratoglanis,scleronema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 180732,Hemiculterella macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculterella,macrolepis,,,,,"Chen, 1989",The species is valid but may it may belong to another genus (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011). 180733,Pareuchiloglanis tamduongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,tamduongensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005",
 180734,Opsariichthys hieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Opsariichthys,hieni,,,,,"Nguyen, 1987", 180735,Cynoglossus feldmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,feldmanni,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 180736,Boraras micros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Boraras,micros,,,,,"Kottelat & Vidthayanon, 1993", 180737,Kryptopterus bicirrhis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,bicirrhis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 180738,Akysis varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,varius,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1998","This species was described from material collected in the Mekong River drainage in Thailand and Lao PDR (Ng and Kottelat 1998). Although the species is diagnosed chiefly by its truncate caudal fin, it is possible that more than one species of Akysis with a truncate caudal fin is found in the Mekong River drainage, and specimens identified as this species may belong to two or more species. Because of the paucity of material available for study, this hypothesis cannot be rigorously tested." 180740,Physoschistura pseudobrunneana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Physoschistura,pseudobrunneana,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180742,Balitora annamitica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,annamitica,,,,,"Kottelat, 1988","It is possible that more than one species is included in what is presently called Balitora annamitica (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 180743,Rhinogobius milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,milleri,,,,,"Chen & Kottelat, 2001","
" 180744,Neodontobutis aurarmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Neodontobutis,aurarmus,,,,,"(Vidthayanon, 1995)", 180745,Amblyceps protentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,protentum,,,,,"Ng & Wright, 2009",This species was described from the Salween River drainage in western Thailand (Ng and Wright 2009). 180746,Clupisoma sinense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Clupisoma,sinense,,,,,"(Huang, 1981)","This species was described as Platytropius sinensis. It has been variously assigned to Laides (e.g. Rainboth 1996) and Clupisoma (e.g. Ng 1999) before recent studies have confirmed its status as a species of Clupisoma (see Ng 1999 and Chen et al. 2005)." 180747,Phalacronotus bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Phalacronotus,bleekeri,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",This species was described from Thailand (Günther 1864). 180748,Schistura implicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,implicata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180749,Pseudomystus sobrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,sobrinus,,,,,"Ng & Freyhof, 2005", 180751,Hemibagrus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,gracilis,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 1995", 180752,Bagrichthys majusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrichthys,majusculus,,,,,"Ng, 2002","This species was described from the Mun River, a tributary of the Mekong River in eastern Thailand (Ng 2002). It was misidentified as B. macracanthus in the literature prior to its recognition as a distinct species." 180753,Opsariichthys songmaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Opsariichthys,songmaensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000", 180754,Nanobagrus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Nanobagrus,nebulosus,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 1999", 180755,Placogobio nahangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Placogobio,nahangensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180756,Belodontichthys dinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Belodontichthys,dinema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 180757,Schistura melarancia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,melarancia,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000","" 180759,Mystacoleucus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,marginatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 180760,Pangasius larnaudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,larnaudii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1866", 180761,Luciosoma bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Luciosoma,bleekeri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1878", 180762,Opsarius koratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,koratensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 180763,Schistura antennata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,antennata,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 180766,Homaloptera orthogoniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,orthogoniata,,,,,"Vaillant, 1902", 180768,Garra poilanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,poilanei,,,,,"Petit & Tchang, 1933", 180769,Hemibagrus hoevenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,hoevenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)", 180772,Schistura cincticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,cincticauda,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)", 180774,Akysis ephippifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,ephippifer,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1998","This species was described from the Stung Santréa, a river draining the western slope of the Chaîne des Cardamones (Cardamom Mountains) in southwest Cambodia. Although the name has been used for populations found throughout the Mekong River drainage (e.g. Kottelat 2001), however populations from the X Kong river in southern Lao PDR have been identified as a new species, A. bilustris (Ng 2011)." 180775,Schistura porthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,porthos,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180776,Barbonymus belinka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,belinka,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 180777,Glyptothorax coracinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,coracinus,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2008","This species was described from the Ket River, which drains the western face of the Krâvanh (Cardamom) Mountains (Ng and Rainboth 2008)." 180778,Microdevario kubotai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Microdevario,kubotai,,,,,"(Kottelat & Witte, 1999)","Originally described as Microrasbora kubotai and transferred to Microdevario on the basis of molecular study (Fang et al. 2009)." 180780,Rhodeus laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,laoensis,,,,,"Kottelat, Doi & Musikasinthorn, 1998", 180781,Pterocryptis inusitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,inusitata,,,,,"Ng, 1999", 180783,Rhinogobius honghensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,honghensis,,,,,"Chen, Yang & Chen, 1999","
" 180784,Devario annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,annandalei,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1908)","This species was described from a jungle stream near Kawkareik in the Gyaing River drainage, part of the Salween River drainage in southern Myanmar (Chaudhuri 1908). It was originally assigned to the genus Danio, but was transferred to Devario by Fang (2003)." 180785,Mystacoleucus ectypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,ectypus,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180786,Laides hexanema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Laides,hexanema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 180787,Osteochilus brachynotopteroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,brachynotopteroides,,,,,"Chevey, 1934", 180789,Oreoglanis colurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,colurus,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","
" 180790,Mastacembelus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,unicolor,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1832", 180792,Balitora haithanhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,haithanhi,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","The species was described from the Gâm River, Na Hang District, Tuyên Quang Province, Viet Nam. There is strong suspicion it is a synonym of Balitora kwangsiensis (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180793,Chitala borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Chitala,borneensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 180795,Macrognathus semiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,semiocellatus,,,,,"Roberts, 1986", 180796,Bagrichthys macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrichthys,macracanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 180798,Poropuntius carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,carinatus,,,,,"(Wu & Lin, 1977)", 180799,Pseudecheneis maurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,maurus,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 2007","
" 180800,Hemibagrus songdaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,songdaensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of this species (Kottelat 2001). 180802,Schistura carbonaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,carbonaria,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001","
" 180804,Schistura namboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,namboensis,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001","
" 180805,Hemibagrus filamentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,filamentus,,,,,"(Fang & Chaux, 1949)",The species has often been treated as a junior synonym of H. nemurus until it was revalidated by Ng and Rainboth (1999). 180807,Hampala salweenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hampala,salweenensis,,,,,"Doi & Taki, 1994", 180808,Parabotia dubia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,dubia,,,,,"Kottelat, 2001","Parabotia dubia (under the synonym Botia elongata) was described by Mai 1978 from Chay River (Dâp Thác Bà) in northern Viet Nam. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Botia elongata described by Bleeker 1870, replaced by Parabotia dubia (Kottelat 2001). As Parabotia dubia is possibly a synonym of Parabotia fasciata described by Dabry de Thiersant 1872 (Kottelat 2001, 2004), further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180810,Barbodes jacobusboehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,jacobusboehlkei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1958)", 180814,Aperioptus gracilentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Aperioptus,gracilentus,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 180816,Pareuchiloglanis namdeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,namdeensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005", 180817,Schistura aramis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,aramis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180818,Nemacheilus longistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,longistriatus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180820,Oreoglanis suraswadii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,suraswadii,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","
" 180821,Rasbora notura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,notura,,,,,"Kottelat, 2005", 180823,Danio nigrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,nigrofasciatus,,,,,"(Day, 1870)", 180824,Parachela siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parachela,siamensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 180825,Placogobio bacmeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Placogobio,bacmeensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Vo, 2001","Placogobio bacmeensis was described by Nguyen and Vo 2001 from the Gâm River in Central Viet Nam (locality: Bác Mê County, Hà Giang Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180826,Schistura kohchangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kohchangensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1933)", 180827,Betta smaragdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,smaragdina,,,,,"Ladiges, 1972",Introductions of domesticated Betta are also known to be having an adverse effect on the purity of some populations. 180828,Esomus metallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,metallicus,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 180829,Pseudobagarius leucorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,leucorhynchus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)",This species was described as a species of Akysis from Chiang Mai (in the upper Chao Phraya River drainage) in northern Thailand (Fowler 1934). It was assigned to the A. pseudobagarius group by Ng and Kottelat (1998). Ferraris (2007) subsequently assigned this species and all other members of the A. pseudobagarius group to the genus Pseudobagarius. 180830,Ompok hypophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,hypophthalmus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)", 180832,Labiobarbus lamellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labiobarbus,lamellifer,,,,,"Kottelat, 1995", 180833,Garra cyrano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,cyrano,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180834,Hypsibarbus vernayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,vernayi,,,,,"(Norman, 1925)", 180835,Pterocryptis bokorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,bokorensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1937)",This species was described from hillstream(s) in Mount Bokor in southern Cambodia (Pellegrin and Chevey 1937). 180837,Schistura coruscans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,coruscans,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180838,Helicophagus leptorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Helicophagus,leptorhynchus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2000","This species was recognized as Helicophagus waandersii (from Indonesian Sumatra) for a long time, and was described as valid species by Ng and Kottelat (2000)." 180840,Schistura kloetzliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kloetzliae,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180842,Akysis vespa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,vespa,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2004","This species was described from the headwaters of the Ataran River drainage (Ng and Kottelat 2004), which forms part of the Salween River drainage in southern Myanmar." 180844,Danio albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,albolineatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Danio (Brachydanio) tweediei Brittan, 1956, from Kedah State, Peninsular Malaysia is an uncertain synonym of this species. If confirmed, this would extend the southward range of the species. Danio albolineatus (Blyth 1860) was shown to be a synonym this species by Fang (2001)." 180845,Chaca burmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CHACIDAE,Chaca,burmensis,,,,,"Brown & Ferraris, 1988",This species was described from the Sittaung River (Brown and Ferraris 1988). It has previously been misidentified in earlier literature as C. chaca. 180846,Homaloptera bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,bilineata,,,,,"Blyth, 1860", 180848,Pangasius bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,bocourti,,,,,"Sauvage, 1880", 180849,Schistura dalatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,dalatensis,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 180850,Mystacoleucus atridorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,atridorsalis,,,,,"Fowler, 1937", 180852,Hemibagrus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,variegatus,,,,,"Ng & Ferraris, 2000", 180855,Clarias batu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,batu,,,,,"Lim & Ng, 1999","This species was described from Tioman Island off the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Ng et al. 1999), where it is endemic. It had been misidentified as C. nieuhofii (e.g. Alfred 1966) prior to its recognition as a distinct species." 180856,Oreoglanis lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,lepturus,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2001", 180857,Oreoglanis sudarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,sudarai,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","
" 180858,Balitora kwangsiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,kwangsiensis,,,,,"(Fang, 1930)","There are a number of species described from Viet Nam which are likely to be synonyms. This includes: Balitora haithanhi, Balitora nigrocorpa, Balitora vanlani and Hemimyzon songamensis." 180860,Amblyceps variegatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,variegatum,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2000", 180862,Betta stiktos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,stiktos,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 180863,Pareuchiloglanis songdaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,songdaensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2001","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180867,Schistura procera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,procera,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180868,Badis khwae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,khwae,,,,,"Kullander & Britz, 2002", 180869,Macrognathus siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,siamensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 180870,Acantopsis thiemmedhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Acantopsis,thiemmedhi,,,,,"Sontirat, 1999", 180874,Amblyceps platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,platycephalus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2000",This species was described from the Salween River drainage in western Thailand (Ng and Kottelat 2000). 180876,Schistura desmotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,desmotes,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 180877,Hemimyzon songamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,songamensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Hemimyzon songamensis was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Gam River in northern Viet Nam (Na Hang District, Tuyên Quang Province). There is strong suspicion it is a synonym of Balitora kwangsiensis (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180878,Nemacheilus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,pallidus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990","Records of N. masyae from Mekong, Chao Phraya and Mae Khlong actually are N. pallidus." 180879,Poropuntius hathe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,hathe,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 180880,Neolissochilus blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,blythii,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","Neolissochilus was the genus Barbus and Barbodes (Chen et al. 1999, Chen and Yang 2003). This is probably  the same as Neolissochilus stracheyi (Day, 1871), in prevailing usage. A revision is needed for the genus Neolissochilus." 180881,Kottelatlimia katik,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Kottelatlimia,katik,,,,,"(Kottelat & Lim, 1992)", 180882,Crossocheilus atrilimes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,atrilimes,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000","Earlier confused with C. siamensis (which is a synonym of C. oblongus)." 180883,Schistura alticrista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,alticrista,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180885,Schistura psittacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,psittacula,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001","
" 180886,Schistura khamtanhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,khamtanhi,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180890,Lepidocephalichthys tomaculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,tomaculum,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1992","Specimen collected from Lampung Province, Sumatra by Havird and Page (2010) may represent a L. tomaculum. However, this required further study." 180891,Hemimyzon papilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,papilio,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 180892,Oreoglanis nakasathiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,nakasathiani,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","
" 180895,Onychostoma fusiforme,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,fusiforme,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 180897,Garra fasciacauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,fasciacauda,,,,,"Fowler, 1937", 180899,Osteochilus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,striatus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 180900,Devario acrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,acrostomus,,,,,"(Fang & Kottelat, 1999)","This species was described from the Nam Mang drainage, which forms part of the Mekong River drainage in northern Lao PDR (Fang and Kottelat 1999). It was originally described as Danio acrostomus, but was transferred to the genus Devario by Fang (2003)." 180905,Hemibagrus wyckioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,wyckioides,,,,,"(Fang & Chaux, 1949)","The genus, as well as a number of other species, were previously placed in the genus Mystus." 180906,Ambassis buruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,buruensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1856", 180907,Schistura daubentoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,daubentoni,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180909,Poropuntius laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,laoensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","The taxonomy of the genus Poropuntius is still very confused (Kottelat 2011), despite a recent revision, and the identity and distribution of species from the genus in the region requires further work." 180911,Schistura clatrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,clatrata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180912,Mystus albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,albolineatus,,,,,"Roberts, 1994", 180913,Rasbora septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,septentrionalis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180914,Hypsibarbus suvattii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,suvattii,,,,,"Rainboth, 1996","The distributions of both ranges of both H. suvattii and H. lagleri are both unusual and require confirmation through further research. Records from outside the Mae Khlong basin are uncertain, due to its morphological overlap with H. lagleri, a Mekong endemic (C. Vidthayanon per. comm. 2011). The specimen from the Dong Ngai in southern Viet Nam is larger than specimens from the Mae Khlong, but it in other ways did not equate to H. lagleri; however, the population here may be a third species and a series of specimens would be required to resolve the uncertainly (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011)." 180916,Poropuntius heterolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,heterolepidotus,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 180917,Devario interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,interruptus,,,,,"(Day, 1870)", 180918,Schistura moeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,moeiensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 180919,Schistura schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,schultzi,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 18091,Potamilus capax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Potamilus,capax,,,,,"(Green, 1832)", 180920,Mekongina lancangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mekongina,lancangensis,,,,,"Yang, Chen & Yang, 2008", 180924,Brachirus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,elongatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1940)","Pellegrin and Chevey (1940) described a species of eye-less sole, Typhlachirus elongatus, based on two specimens collected from estuarine waters of the Mekong River. Subsequently, this species was reassigned to the genus Brachirus (Munroe 2000, Kottelat 2013). However, in a recent revision of the genus Typhlachirus, Evseenko and Bolshakov (2018) provided evidence that this species belongs in Typhlachirus. This taxonomic arrangement is followed herein." 180925,Belontia hasselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Belontia,hasselti,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 180927,Annamia normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Annamia,normani,,,,,"(Hora, 1931)","Several species are apparently confused under the name Annamia normani. A population from the Bo River, a small coastal drainage in Thua Thien Hue Province in Viet Nam was recently described as A. thuathienensis (Nguyen 2005: 579) but it is not clear whether it is distinct or not. It is retained as a synonym awaiting additional data." 180930,Garra theunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,theunensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 180931,Schistura quasimodo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,quasimodo,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180932,Oreoglanis laciniosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,laciniosus,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009", 180933,Nandus oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Nandus,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"Ng, Vidthayanon & Ng, 1996","This species was described from the Mun River drainage, a major tributary of the Mekong River in eastern Thailand (Ng et al. 1996). It was previously misidentified as N. nandus (a species known only from the Indian subcontinent) in older literature." 180935,Esomus caudiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,caudiocellatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 180936,Labiobarbus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labiobarbus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 180937,Acrochordonichthys septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,septentrionalis,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 2001",This species was described from material collected from the Khwae Noi River (part of the Mae Klong River drainage in western Thailand) and the Pahang River drainage in Peninsular Malaysia (Ng and Ng 2001). 180938,Poropuntius bolovenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,bolovenensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1998","Roberts (1998) described three trophic morphs assigned to this species. Kottelat (2000) named two of the trophic morphs to other species: P. rasorius and P. laticeps." 180941,Macrognathus meklongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,meklongensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1986", 180943,Papuligobius uniporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Papuligobius,uniporus,,,,,"Chen & Kottelat, 2003","
" 180944,Schistura menanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,menanensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 180945,Aperioptus hapalias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Aperioptus,hapalias,,,,,"(Siebert, 1991)", 180946,Oryzias uwai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,uwai,,,,,"Roberts, 1998","Prior to its description in 1998, the species may appear in the literature as Oryzias minutillus or Oryzias latipes sinensis (now known as O. sinensis) (Parenti 2008)." 180949,Schistura fusinotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,fusinotata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180952,Pangio piperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,piperata,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1993", 180953,Rhinogobius lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,lineatus,,,,,"Chen, Kottelat & Miller, 1999", 180956,Polynemus aquilonaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polynemus,aquilonaris,,,,,"Motomura, 2003", 180957,Crossocheilus langei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,langei,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 180958,Hemiculter krempfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculter,krempfi,,,,,"Pellegrin & Chevey, 1938", 180960,Schistura kengtungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kengtungensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)", 180961,Desmopuntius hexazona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,hexazona,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1912)", 180962,Hemisilurus mekongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Hemisilurus,mekongensis,,,,,"Bornbusch & Lundberg, 1989",It has been misidentified as H. heterorhynchus in earlier literature prior to its recognition as a distinct species. 180963,Cyclocheilichthys enoplos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,enoplos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 180964,Minyclupeoides dentibranchialus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Minyclupeoides,dentibranchialus,,,,,"Roberts, 2008", 180965,Balitora meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,meridionalis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1988","Balitora meridionalis was described on the basis of specimens that had been obtained from an aquarium-fish collector in 1978. They were reportedly collected in Southeastern Thailand. No species of this genus has been collected in that area since. It cannot be excluded that the suitable habitat is no longer present or that the specimens came from another locality." 180968,Metzia hautus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Metzia,hautus,,,,,"(Nguyen, 1991)","Under its junior synonym Rasborinus hautus, Metzia hautus was described by Nguyen 1991 from the Lam River in central Viet Nam (Thanh Chuong district, Nghe Tinh Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 180971,Betta fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,fusca,,,,,"Regan, 1910", 180972,Botia kubotai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,kubotai,,,,,"Kottelat, 2004", 180973,Pseudomystus siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,siamensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 180975,Mastacembelus alboguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,alboguttatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893", 180976,Osteochilus kahajanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,kahajanensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 180978,Akysis recavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,recavus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1998","This species was described from the western part of the Chao Phraya River drainage (Ng and Kottelat 1998). No exact type locality is available for this species, as the type series consisted of material collected for the ornamental fish trade. Consequently, it is likely that the species may have been collected from the adjacent Salween River drainage instead." 180979,Schistura irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,irregularis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180983,Hemimyzon ecdyonuroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,ecdyonuroides,,,,,"Freyhof & Herder, 2002", 180984,Cyprinus hieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,hieni,,,,,"Tu & Tuan, 2003",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. 180986,Glyptothorax laosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,laosensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 180987,Neohomaloptera johorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Neohomaloptera,johorensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1944)", 180989,Neodontobutis macropectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Neodontobutis,macropectoralis,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Under its synonym Mircopercops macropectoralis, Neodontobutis macropectoralis was described by Mai 1978 from northern Viet Nam (without a description of the locality). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180992,Pao cochinchinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,cochinchinensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 180993,Schistura chapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,chapaensis,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1944)", 180994,Parambassis ranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,ranga,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Considered valid as Pseudambassis ranga (Hamilton, 1822) by Eschmeyer and Fricke (2012).
" 180995,Labeo indramontri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,indramontri,,,,,"Smith, 1945", 180997,Gyrinocheilus aymonieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GYRINOCHEILIDAE,Gyrinocheilus,aymonieri,,,,,"(Tirant, 1883)","The species is parapatric with G. pennocki, a Mekong endemic. It is possible that the Chinese record may be based on G. pennocki, which occurs in Chiang Rai." 180999,Kryptopterus limpok,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,limpok,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 181002,Glyptothorax strabonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,strabonis,,,,,"Ng & Freyhof, 2008",This species was described from the Song Giang drainage in central Vietnam (Ng and Freyhof 2008). 181003,Schistura globiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,globiceps,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181005,Leiocassis micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,micropogon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 181006,Schistura atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,atra,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181007,Cynoglossus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 181008,Psilorhynchus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,robustus,,,,,"Conway & Kottelat, 2007", 181009,Oxyeleotris marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,marmorata,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",Originally described as under Eleotris by Bleeker (1852) but later re-assigned to Oxyleleotris by Bleeker (1874). 181010,Schistura isostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,isostigma,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181011,Leptobarbus hoevenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEPTOBARBIDAE,Leptobarbus,hoevenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 181017,Parasikukia maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Parasikukia,maculata,,,,,"Doi, 2000", 181019,Paraspinibarbus macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Paraspinibarbus,macracanthus,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)", 181021,Oryzias mekongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,mekongensis,,,,,"Uwa & Magtoon, 1986", 181022,Barbodes aurotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,aurotaeniatus,,,,,"(Tirant, 1885)", 181023,Eugnathogobius kabilia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eugnathogobius,kabilia,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)", 181027,Lobocheilos rhabdoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,rhabdoura,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 181029,Eugnathogobius mindora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eugnathogobius,mindora,,,,,"(Herre, 1945)", 181030,Osteochilus lini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,lini,,,,,"Fowler, 1935", 181031,Cyclocheilichthys lagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,lagleri,,,,,"Sontirat, 1989", 181033,Labiobarbus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labiobarbus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 181034,Pterocryptis buccata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,buccata,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1998","This species was described from the Mae Khlong River drainage in western Thailand (Ng and Kottelat 1998) from both epigean and hypogean freshwater systems. It is likely that the epigean and hypogean populations represent two distinct species, but this cannot be verified at present because of the scarcity of material available for study." 181035,Hemimyzon confluens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,confluens,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181036,Schistura rikiki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,rikiki,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181037,Dermogenys siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,siamensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 181038,Schistura novemradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,novemradiata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181040,Hemibagrus imbrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,imbrifer,,,,,"Ng & Ferraris, 2000", 181042,Brachirus siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,siamensis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)","Synaptura siamensis was described by Sauvage (1878) from Stung Strang, Laos [now Cambodia]. A variety of authors (Munroe 2000; Kottelat 2001, 2013; Desoutter et al. 2001; Đồng 2013; Voronina 2019) considered this as a valid species in the genus Brachirus, as did Lapierre (2007), in an unpublished revision of the genus. An exception is Rainboth (1996), who considered S. siamensis in a category of synonyms and misidentifications of Euryglossa panoides (Bleeker 1851). For the purposes of this assessment, Brachirus siamensis (Sauvage 1878) is treated as a valid species." 181043,Hemibarbus thacmoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Hemibarbus,thacmoensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181044,Mystus rhegma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,rhegma,,,,,"Fowler, 1935", 181045,Pangio malayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,malayana,,,,,"(Tweedie, 1956)", 181046,Esomus altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,altus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)", 181049,Schistura bucculenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,bucculenta,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)",Many records of this species are misidentifications on the sole presence of 'swollen cheeks'. This in fact is a character shared with large adults of several species. 181050,Lobocheilos melanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,melanotaenia,,,,,"(Fowler, 1935)", 181051,Cosmochilus harmandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cosmochilus,harmandi,,,,,"Sauvage, 1878", 181052,Schistura caudofurca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,caudofurca,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)", 181053,Pangio doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,doriae,,,,,"(Perugia, 1892)", 181054,Rhodeus rheinardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,rheinardti,,,,,"(Tirant, 1883)","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species Kottelat (1987, 2001). It is possibly a synonym of  R. vietnamensis (Mai, 1978)." 181056,Chitala ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Chitala,ornata,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 181057,Mugilogobius nuicocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,nuicocensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Vo, 2005","Mugilogobius nuicocensis was described by Nguyen and Vo 2005 from the Lake Nui Coc in northern Viet Nam (Tai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181059,Pseudeutropius brachypopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Pseudeutropius,brachypopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 181060,Hypsibarbus macrosquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,macrosquamatus,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Described as Lissochilus macrosquamatus (Mai, 1978), Kottelat (2001) amended the genus to Hypsibarbus, who considered the species probably valid, but in need of further taxonomic confirmation." 181061,Devario trangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,trangi,,,,,"Ngo, 2003",Described by Ngo (2003). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. 181062,Nagaichthys filipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Nagaichthys,filipes,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1991", 181064,Akysis pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,pictus,,,,,"Günther, 1883", 181065,Glyptothorax rugimentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,rugimentum,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2008",This species was described from the Ataran River drainage in southern Myanmar (Ng and Kottelat 2008). 181066,Chaudhuria fusipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Chaudhuria,fusipinnis,,,,,"Kottelat & Britz, 2000", 181067,Schistura sertata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sertata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181069,Pseudobagarius inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,inermis,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 2000)","This species was described as a species of Akysis in the A. pseudobagarius group from the Xe Kaman drainage (part of the Xe Kong drainage, which in turn flows into the Mekong) in southern Lao PDR (Ng and Kottelat 2000). Ferraris (2007) subsequently assigned this species and all other members of the A. pseudobagarius group to the genus Pseudobagarius." 181070,Rhinogobius albimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,albimaculatus,,,,,"Chen, Kottelat & Miller, 1999", 181071,Mystus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,multiradiatus,,,,,"Roberts, 1992",This species was described from the lower Bangpakong River (Roberts 1992). 181075,Schistura latidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,latidens,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181076,Rhinogobius nammaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,nammaensis,,,,,"Chen & Kottelat, 2001","
" 181077,Schistura huongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,huongensis,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001","
" 181078,Pseudolais pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pseudolais,pleurotaenia,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)","Its generic name was validated by Ferraris (2007) as Pseudolais." 181079,Pseudogastromyzon loos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Pseudogastromyzon,loos,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 181081,Oreoglanis heteropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,heteropogon,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","
" 181082,Garra apogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,apogon,,,,,"(Norman, 1925)", 181083,Achiroides leucorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Achiroides,leucorhynchos,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 181084,Barbonymus altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,altus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 181085,Metzia lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Metzia,lineata,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1907)", 181086,Poropuntius genyognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,genyognathus,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 181087,Rhinogobius mekongianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,mekongianus,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)","" 181088,Nemacheilus platiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,platiceps,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 181089,Paralaubuca riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Paralaubuca,riveroi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1935)","Often confused with P. typus (Rainboth 1996)." 181090,Opsarius pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,pulchellus,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 181092,Schistura nudidorsum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,nudidorsum,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181093,Epalzeorhynchos frenatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Epalzeorhynchos,frenatum,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 181095,Macropodus spechti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Macropodus,spechti,,,,,"Schreitmüller, 1936", 181096,Pterocryptis verecunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,verecunda,,,,,"Ng & Freyhof, 2001", 181097,Rhinogobius maculicervix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,maculicervix,,,,,"Chen & Kottelat, 2000", 181098,Puntioplites bulu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntioplites,bulu,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 181099,Leptobarbus rubripinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEPTOBARBIDAE,Leptobarbus,rubripinna,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)","This species was previously believed to be Leptobarbus hoeveni but was split from this species in 2009 (Tan and Kottelat 2009)." 181100,Brachirus pan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,pan,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 181101,Aperioptus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Aperioptus,gracilis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","The species been recorded from the Kapuas River, western Kalimantan, Indonesia by Roberts (1989), however this was later described as A. robertsi." 181103,Hyalobagrus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hyalobagrus,ornatus,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 181104,Chendol keelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Chendol,keelini,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1984", 181109,Schistura reidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,reidi,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 181111,Discherodontus schroederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discherodontus,schroederi,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)",According to Rainboth (1989) specimens from the two drainages vary in morphology with those from the Mae Klong possessing longer fins and greater body depth among other characters. 181113,Onychostoma meridionale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,meridionale,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181114,Garra nujiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,nujiangensis,,,,,"Chen, Zhao & Yang, 2009", 181115,Schistura macrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,macrotaenia,,,,,"(Yang, 1990)", 181116,Neopomacentrus taeniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Neopomacentrus,taeniurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 181118,Cobitis laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,laoensis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)","Five more species of Cobitis have recently been described from northern Viet Nam, but since their validity is unsure, we here consider all Cobitis from central and northern Viet Nam to be C. laoensis, except C. misgurnoides now placed in the genus Microcobitis (Bohlen & Harant, 2010)." 181121,Devario chrysotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,chrysotaeniatus,,,,,"(Chu, 1981)", 181122,Oreoglanis hypsiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,hypsiurus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1999", 181123,Oryzias pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,pectoralis,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 181124,Poropuntius bantamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,bantamensis,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1920)", 181126,Discogobio microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discogobio,microstoma,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)", 181127,Rasbora spilocerca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,spilocerca,,,,,"Rainboth & Kottelat, 1987", 181128,Nemacheilus arenicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,arenicolus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181130,Schistura imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,imitator,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181131,Neolissochilus baoshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,baoshanensis,,,,,"(Chen & Yang, 1999)","Neolissochilus was in Barbodes genus until 2003 (Chen and Yang 2003). A revision is needed for the genus Neolissochilus. Neolissochilus baoshanensis is probably not a valid species, and possibly the same as Neolissochilus stracheyi (Day, 1871)." 181133,Barbonymus balleroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,balleroides,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 181134,Pseudeutropius moolenburghae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Pseudeutropius,moolenburghae,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1913", 181135,Ompok urbaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,urbaini,,,,,"(Fang & Chaux, 1949)","This species was described from the Mekong River drainage in Cambodia (Fang and Chaux in Chaux and Fang 1949), and has often been considered a junior synonym of O. hypophthalmus (e.g. Rainboth 1996), until Ng (2003) demonstrated it to be a valid species." 181136,Microcobitis misgurnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Microcobitis,misgurnoides,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1944)","Originally described as Cobitis misgurnoides. Now placed in genus Microcobitis (Bohlen and Harant 2010). Cobitis nuicocensis apparently is a synonym, however the published data are not informative enough to allow a taxonomic decision (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 181139,Amblyceps serratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,serratum,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2000", 181140,Oreoglanis macronemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,macronemus,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Oreoglanis macronemus was described by Ng 2004 from material collected by J. Delacour and W. Lowe, 1926 in the Xieng Khouang region in northeastern Lao P.D.R.." 181143,Hemibagrus taybacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,taybacensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of this species. 181144,Acrochordonichthys gyrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,gyrinus,,,,,"Vidthayanon & Ng, 2003","This species was described from the Yom River (part of the upper Chao Phraya River drainage) in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand (Vidthayanon and Ng 2003)." 181145,Amblypharyngodon atkinsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Amblypharyngodon,atkinsonii,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)", 181146,Indostomus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,INDOSTOMIDAE,Indostomus,spinosus,,,,,"Britz & Kottelat, 1999", 181148,Batasio affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,affinis,,,,,"Blyth, 1860",This species has sometimes been confused with B. fluviatilis (see Ng and Kottelat 2008). 181149,Schistura obeini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,obeini,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181150,Balitora vanlani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,vanlani,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Balitora valoni was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Gâm River in northern Viet Nam (Na Hang district, Tuyên Quang Province). There is strong suspicion it is a synonym of Balitora kwangsiensis (Kottelat pers. comm. 2011). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181153,Devario fangfangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,fangfangae,,,,,"(Kottelat, 2000)", 181154,Crossocheilus cobitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,cobitis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 181155,Schistura russa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,russa,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181157,Eutropiichthys salweenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Eutropiichthys,salweenensis,,,,,"Ferraris & Vari, 2007",This species was described from the Salween River in western Thailand (Ferraris and Vari 2007). 181158,Neosalanx brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Neosalanx,brevirostris,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1923)", 181161,Glyptothorax lampris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,lampris,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 181163,Schistura kontumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kontumensis,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 181164,Pteronemacheilus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Pteronemacheilus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Zhu, 1982)","Originally described in the genus Nemacheilus, then Physoschistura. Now placed in Pteronemacheilus (Bohlen and Slechtova 2011)." 181165,Rasbora atridorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,atridorsalis,,,,,"Kottelat & Chu, 1988", 181166,Rhinogobius imfasciocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,imfasciocaudatus,,,,,"Nguyen & Vo, 2005","Rhinogobius imfasciocaudatus was described by Nguyen and Vo 2005 from creeks and rivers of the mountainous area in northern Viet Nam (Ha Giang and Lai Chau provinces). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181167,Akysis fontaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,fontaneus,,,,,"Ng, 2009", 181168,Parambassis pulcinella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,pulcinella,,,,,"Kottelat, 2003", 181169,Puntius schanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,schanicus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 181170,Schistura nomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,nomi,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181172,Glyptothorax schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,schmidti,,,,,"(Volz, 1904)", 181176,Microphysogobio yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Yao & Yang, 1977)","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear (Kottelat 2001). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181177,Devario salmonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,salmonatus,,,,,"(Kottelat, 2000)","Originally described as Danio salmonatus." 181178,Batasio tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,tigrinus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2001", 181180,Batasio dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,dayi,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)", 181181,Mastacembelus notophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,notophthalmus,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 181182,Pangio anguillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,anguillaris,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 181183,Glyptothorax macromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,macromaculatus,,,,,"Li, 1984","Glyptothorax horai (Fowler, 1934) is possibly an earlier name for this species (Kottelat, 2001)." 181185,Schistura mahnerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,mahnerti,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 181187,Glyptothorax quadriocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,quadriocellatus,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)", 181188,Mastacembelus thacbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,thacbaensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005","Mastacembelus thacbaensis was described (Nguyen 2005) from Thác Bà Lake in northern Viet Nam (Yên Bái Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of this species." 181189,Neolissochilus hendersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,hendersoni,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)", 181192,Garra notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,notata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)", 181194,Oryzias curvinotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,curvinotus,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)","The species was described as Aplocheilus curvinotus Nichols and Pope, 1927 from Hainan Island, China." 181195,Percocypris tchangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Percocypris,tchangi,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)","The genus Perocypris has been reviewed by Cui & Chu (1990) who recognised one species with three subspecies. Under the species concept used here, these seem to be three different species. Cui & Cgu recorded P. pingi in the Yangtze River basin, P. regani in the Pearl River basin and P. retrodorsalis in the Salween and Mekong River basin. They do not record the genus in the Red River basin and apparently have overlooked the Leptobarbus tchangi described from Lao Cai on the Sino-Vietnamese border which cleary is a Perocypris. P. tschangiexhibits all the characters considered as diagnostic of P. retrodorsalis (dark mid-lateral stripe, dorsal-fin origin midway between posterior margin of eye and caudal-fin origin). According to this, Kottelat (2001) considered P. retrodorsalis as synonym of P. perocypris." 181196,Carinotetraodon lorteti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Carinotetraodon,lorteti,,,,,"(Tirant, 1885)", 181197,Betta pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,pallida,,,,,"Schindler & Schmidt, 2004", 181200,Schistura breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,breviceps,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 181201,Erethistes minuscula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,minuscula,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 2007)",This species was described from the lower Sittaung River drainage in south-central Myanmar (Ng and Kottelat 2007).  It has been previously misidentified as H. hara or H. filamentosa in material collected prior to its description. 181202,Poropuntius brevispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,brevispinus,,,,,"(Nguyen & Doan, 1969)",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Roberts and Catania 2007). 181205,Oxygaster anomalura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Oxygaster,anomalura,,,,,"van Hasselt, 1823", 181206,Barbodes dunckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,dunckeri,,,,,"Ahl, 1929", 181207,Labiobarbus festivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labiobarbus,festivus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 181210,Hemimyzon nanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,nanensis,,,,,"Doi & Kottelat, 1998", 181211,Pangio oblonga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,oblonga,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 181212,Schistura pertica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,pertica,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181218,Pangasius conchophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,conchophilus,,,,,"Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991",
 181220,Bagrichthys obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrichthys,obscurus,,,,,"Ng, 1999","This species was described from the Chi River drainage, itself part of the Mun River drainage, which is a tributary of the Mekong River in eastern Thailand (Ng 1999). It was misidentified as B. macropterus in the literature prior to its recognition as a distinct species." 181221,Devario laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,laoensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)","Originally described as a species of Parabarilius, then placed in Danio, now in Devario." 181223,Pseudogastromyzon buas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Pseudogastromyzon,buas,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 181225,Schistura crabro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,crabro,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181226,Schistura athos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,athos,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000","" 181227,Devario apopyris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,apopyris,,,,,"(Fang & Kottelat, 1999)","Originally described as Danio apopyris, transferred to genus Devario by Fang (2003)." 181228,Chagunius baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Chagunius,baileyi,,,,,"Rainboth, 1986", 181229,Pseudomystus bomboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,bomboides,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181232,Boesemania microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Boesemania,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)","This species was described from Palembang, near the mouth of Musi river, Sumatra. It is suspected that there may be more than one species referred to as Boesemania microlepis. It requires taxonomic revision (N.L. Chao and I. Baird pers. comm. 2020)." 181233,Poropuntius melanogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,melanogrammus,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 181234,Devario leptos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,leptos,,,,,"(Fang & Kottelat, 1999)","Originally described in the genus Danio." 181235,Cyprinus quidatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,quidatensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Le, Le & Nguyen, 1999","Described by Nguyen et al. (1999). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181241,Garra salweenica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,salweenica,,,,,"Hora & Mukerji, 1934", 181243,Oreoglanis vicinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,vicinus,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","
" 181245,Pangio pulla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,pulla,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1993", 181246,Metzia alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Metzia,alba,,,,,"(Nguyen, 1991)", 181248,Schistura poculi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,poculi,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)","Several species may be confused under the name S. poculi. Oreias hoai Nguyen, 2005 is a synonym (Kottelat 2009)." 181251,Betta prima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,prima,,,,,"Kottelat, 1994", 181252,Devario affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,affinis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","This species was described from “Tenassserim Provinces” in southern Myanmar (Blyth 1860). At the time it was described, this term did not refer to the modern administrative unit of Tanintharyi in southeastern Myanmar, but referred to all of Myanmar south and east of the Ayeyarwady delta and included the present-day states of Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Bago, and possibly also the Tanintharyi Region as well (Fang and Kottelat, 1999). It has been considered a junior synonym of Danio aequipinnatus (e.g. Menon 1999), but has since been revalidated (Fang 2001)." 181254,Schistura punctifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,punctifasciata,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181255,Hampala macrolepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hampala,macrolepidota,,,,,"Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823", 181257,Balitora nigrocorpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,nigrocorpa,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","The species was described by Ngyuen (2005) from the Lo River (Sông Lô), a tributary of the Red River (Song Cai) in the Hà Giang Province, northern Viet Nam. There is strong suspicion it is a synonym of Balitora kwangsiensis (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. " 181258,Discocheilus wui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discocheilus,wui,,,,,"(Chen & Lan, 1992)", 181259,Hemibagrus camthuyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,camthuyensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","This species was described from the Song Ma at Cam Thuy, northern Viet Nam (Nguyen 2005). The taxonomic status of this species remains unclear, but it is most likely a junior synonym of H. vietnamicus (H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2011)." 181260,Pangasius mekongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,mekongensis,,,,,"Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003", 181261,Pareuchiloglanis brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,brevicaudata,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005",
 181263,Onychostoma uniforme,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,uniforme,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Under its synonym Crossocheilus uniformis, Onychostoma uniforme was described by Mai 1978 from the Na-Ri River within the Pearl River basin in northern Viet Nam. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 181265,Poropuntius huangchuchieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,huangchuchieni,,,,,"(Tchang, 1962)", 181266,Striuntius lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Striuntius,lineatus,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 181267,Schistura macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,macrocephalus,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181268,Pareuchiloglanis rhabdura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,rhabdura,,,,,"Ng, 2004",
 181269,Mugilogobius abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,abei,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 181270,Malayochela maassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Malayochela,maassi,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1912)", 181271,Bagarius suchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Bagarius,suchus,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 181272,Poropuntius angustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,angustus,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000","The taxonomy of the genus Poropuntius is still confused and the identity of most species may need reevaluation." 181273,Oreoglanis tenuicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,tenuicauda,,,,,"Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","
" 181274,Desmopuntius johorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,johorensis,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 181275,Pseudecheneis immaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,immaculata,,,,,"Chu, 1982","
" 181276,Schistura amplizona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,amplizona,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181277,Barbichthys laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbichthys,laevis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 181280,Oryzias haugiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,haugiangensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 181283,Channa bankanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,bankanensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 181285,Laocypris hispida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Laocypris,hispida,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181286,Discherodontus colemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discherodontus,colemani,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 181287,Schistura geisleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,geisleri,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 181290,Badis siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,siamensis,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1957", 181291,Parambassis vollmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,vollmeri,,,,,"Roberts, 1995", 181292,Schistura orthocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,orthocauda,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Under its synonym Barbatula orthocauda, Schistura orthocauda was described by Mai (1978) from northern Viet Nam (without information about locality). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001).
" 181295,Oreichthys parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Oreichthys,parvus,,,,,"Smith, 1933", 181296,Parambassis alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,alleni,,,,,"(Datta & Chaudhuri, 1993)","Considered likely to be a senior synonym of Parambassis tennasserimensis (Kottelat 2003)." 181298,Poropuntius faucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,faucis,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 181301,Neolissochilus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,vittatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 181302,Devario jayarami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,jayarami,,,,,"(Barman, 1984)","

The species generic level was validated as Devario by Fang (2001) and Fang et al. (2009).

" 181304,Glyptothorax buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,buchanani,,,,,"Smith, 1945",This species was described from the upper Chao Phraya River drainage in northern Thailand (Smith 1945). 181307,Botia udomritthiruji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,udomritthiruji,,,,,"Ng, 2007", 181308,Pristolepis grootii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Pristolepis,grootii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 181309,Pareuchiloglanis poilanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,poilanei,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1936", 181310,Paralaubuca barroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Paralaubuca,barroni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","The species is often confused with P. typus." 181312,Oryzias sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,sinensis,,,,,"Chen, Uwa & Chu, 1989",Described as a sub-species of Oryzias latipes and elevated to species status by Kottelat (2001). Further investigations of populations throughout its range may reveal this is a species complex (L. Parenti pers. comm. 2011). 181313,Schistura finis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,finis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181314,Microphysogobio vietnamica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,vietnamica,,,,,"Mai, 1978","Microphysiogobio vietnamica was described by Mai 1978 from northern Viet Nam (without information about the locality). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 181315,Pareuchiloglanis feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,feae,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)", 181316,Scaphognathops stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Scaphognathops,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 181317,Schistura maepaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,maepaiensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 181318,Belodontichthys truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Belodontichthys,truncatus,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 1999", 181319,Glossogobius sparsipapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,sparsipapillus,,,,,"Akihito & Meguro, 1976", 181320,Sarcocheilichthys hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Sarcocheilichthys,hainanensis,,,,,"Nichols & Pope, 1927","Banarescu and Nalbant (1973) recognised a number of subspecies of S. nigripinnis. Kottelat (2001: 39-40) tentatively recognises one of the subspecies as Sarcocheilichthys hainanensis Nichols & Pope, 1927, pertaining to material from Hainan Island and the Hong River drainages in Viet Nam." 181321,Oreoglanis insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,insignis,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2001", 181322,Akysis clavulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,clavulus,,,,,"Ng & Freyhof, 2003", 181323,Schistura bella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,bella,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 181325,Macrochirichthys macrochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Macrochirichthys,macrochirus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)",There is a possibility that the subpopulations from Sundaic southeast Asia are not conspecific with those from mainland southeast Asia. 181327,Longiculter siahi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Longiculter,siahi,,,,,"Fowler, 1937","This species was described on the basis of two specimens from central Thailand by Fowler in 1937. It has not been collected again in Thailand and there is doubt whether this species is valid. It has been reported from Cambodia by a younger, less experienced Kottelat in 1985, however, and this identification requires confirmation (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011), and from southern Lao PDR by Baird et al. (1999)." 181331,Hypsibarbus wetmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,wetmorei,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)","There are two subspecies; the nominal subspecies in the Mekong, Chao Phraya and Mae Khlong, and the second in peninsular Thailand and Malaysia is named H. wetmorei tweediei." 181335,Pseudecheneis paviei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,paviei,,,,,"Vaillant, 1892","" 181337,Brachygobius kabiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Brachygobius,kabiliensis,,,,,"Inger, 1958", 181338,Parabotia kimluani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,kimluani,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Parabotia kimluani was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Gâm River in northern Viet Nam (Nà Hang district, Tuyên Quang Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181339,Balitora vanlongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,vanlongi,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species, as there is strong suspicion that it might be a synonym of H. lancangjiangensis." 181340,Mystacoleucus greenwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,greenwayi,,,,,"Pellegrin & Fang, 1940", 181341,Opsariichthys bea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Opsariichthys,bea,,,,,"Nguyen, 1987","On the basis of the original description this seems to be a valid species of the genus Opsariichthys. A detailed redescription is needed (Kottelat 2001)." 181342,Mystacoleucus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,argenteus,,,,,"(Day, 1888)", 181343,Hemiculter songhongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculter,songhongensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2001"," Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181344,Poropuntius hampaloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,hampaloides,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)", 181345,Cirrhinus rubirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,rubirostris,,,,,"Roberts, 1997", 181347,Cyprinus exophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,exophthalmus,,,,,"Mai, 1978",The species was described by Mai (1978) from northern Viet Nam (without a precise description of locality). A careful redescription of this species is needed (Kottelat 2001) 181348,Glyptothorax filicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,filicatus,,,,,"Ng & Freyhof, 2008",This species is described from the upper Se Kong River drainage in central Vietnam (Ng and Freyhof 2008). 156289717,Kryptopterus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,minor,,,,,Roberts 1989,"This species has often been confused with Kryptopterus bicirrhis, particularly in the aquarium literature. The common glass catfish frequently encountered in the ornamental fish trade was thought to be K. minor, until Ng and Kottelat (2013) showed it to be a distinct species known only from mainland Southeast Asia (which they described as K. vitreolus). Kryptopterus minor is now restricted to Borneo." 181353,Schistura nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,nicholsi,,,,,"(Smith, 1933)", 181354,Mekongina bibarba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mekongina,bibarba,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001","Mekongina bibarba was described by Nguyen 2001 from the Sesan River (Sông Sesan), a tributary of the Mekong River, in Central Viet Nam. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 181356,Danio roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,roseus,,,,,"Fang & Kottelat, 2000", 181357,Labeo erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,erythropterus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1842","Records of this species from the lower Mekong basin are now considered to refer to Labeo yunnanensis (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011).
" 181358,Glyptothorax major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,major,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 18135,Priapella bonita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapella,bonita,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 18136,Prietella phreatophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Prietella,phreatophila,,,,,"Carranza, 1954", 18137,Prietella lundbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Prietella,lundbergi,,,,,"Walsh & Gilbert, 1995", 18182,Probarbus jullieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Probarbus,jullieni,,,,,"Sauvage, 1880", 18184,Probarbus labeaminor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Probarbus,labeaminor,,,,,"Roberts, 1992", 182340,Mormyrops caballus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,caballus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1927", 182779,Arius gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,gigas,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 183147,Atractaspis engaddensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,engaddensis,,,,,"Haas, 1950","This species has a complex taxonomic history, summarized in Wüster et al. (1997). Gasperetti (1988) synonymized this species with Atractaspis microlepidota, then understood to be a wide-ranging, predominantly African viper. This action was taken in spite of this author recognizing morphological differences between the two forms, and consequently this synonymy was rejected by Werner (1990) and some subsequent authors. Confusion about the appropriate taxonomic status of A. engaddensis nonetheless persists. David and Vogel (2010) indicate that A. engaddensis is distinct from both A. andersonii (the Arabian member of the former A. microlepidota species complex) and A. microlepidota (a species now understood to be confined to West Africa - Trape et al. 2006). A systematic revision of eastern Atractaspis following the redescription of A. microlepidota is however still lacking, and so the relationship between this species, A. andersonii and African forms is in need of clarification." 183151,Malayopython reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Malayopython,reticulatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","This species has been long known as Python reticulatus, and is still retained under this name in CITES legislation, but a combined morphological and molecular analysis by Rawlings et al. (2008) found that it belonged to a distinct lineage along with Python timorensis. Rawlings et al. (2008) accepted the name Broghammerus Hoser, 2004 for this clade, however, it was subsequently argued that this name may not have been validly published (Kaiser et al. 2013). Citing both this concern and the caution that broader genetic sampling is required to confirm the validity of the Python reticulatus-timorensis clade (Zug et al. 2011), O'Shea et al. (2013) reverted to the use of Python for this species. Reynolds et al. (2014) subsequently reported additional molecular support for a P. reticulatus-timorensis clade and coined the replacement name Malayopython.

This species exhibits considerable geographic variation across its range, and three subspecies - P. r. reticulatus, P. r. jampeanus and P. r. saputrai - are recognized (Auliya et al. 2002). The Philippine populations belong to the nominate form; however, the taxonomy of island forms of P. reticulatus, including those from the Philippines and eastern Indonesia, is unstudied and requires clarification (M. Auliya pers. comm. September 2011).
Murray-Dickson et al. (2017) investigated diversity in mtDNA across the species' range, reporting evidence of a distinct clade centred on the Philippines and Halmahera that had previously been recognized as morphologically distinctive. They suggested that further work may indicate that this lineage warrants recognition as a distinct species." 183153,Myrophis plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrophis,plumbeus,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 183159,Aphanius dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,dispar,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)", 183165,Arius africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,africanus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 183167,Hippichthys cyanospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippichthys,cyanospilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 183185,Boiga cynodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,cynodon,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Reports of Boiga cynodon from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, from where this species is absent, are often based on misidentified B. siamensis (Tillack et al. 2004). This species might be part of a larger species complex and is in need of more taxonomic research." 183186,Boiga dendrophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,dendrophila,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Nine subspecies of this wide-ranging snake are recognized. The nominate form Boiga dendrophila dendrophila is confined to Java. Two additional forms are restricted to Indonesia, B. d. gemmicincta (Sulawesi, including Togian) and B. d. occidentalis (the islands of Babi, the Batu Archipelago, Nias and Sumatra). Four subspecies are endemic to the Philippines, which are likely to be elevated to full species following further taxonomic studies. These are B. d. latifasciata (Mindanao, Dinagat, Samar, Leyte), B. d. multicincta (Palawan, Balabac), B. d. divergens (Luzon, Polillo, Catanduanes) and B. d. levitoni, found on Panay (Gaulke et al. 2004) and probably additional islands in the West Visayas region. The species is represented in Borneo by B. d. annectans, which is found in Brunei, Kalimantan and East Malaysia. The most wide-ranging subspecies, B. d. melanota, has been recorded from Sumatra, Singapore, West Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam.

The Philippine subspecies are sometimes treated locally as full species, but no formal taxonomic action has been taken (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2021)." 183187,Calamaria suluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,suluensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1922",No taxonomic issues. 183188,Calamaria virgulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,virgulata,,,,,"H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827", 183190,Dendrelaphis caudolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,caudolineatus,,,,,"(Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1834)","The taxonomy of the Dendrelaphis caudolineatus complex was revised on the basis of morphology by van Rooijen and Vogel (2012). This revision elevated the subspecies Dendrelaphis flavescens and D. terrificus to specific status, removed D. philippinensis from synonymy, and described the new species D. levitoni. These actions removed D. caudolineatus from the Philippines and Sulawesi." 183193,Lycodon davisonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,davisonii,,,,,"(Blanford, 1878)", 183194,Coelognathus erythrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coelognathus,erythrurus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Coelognathus erythrurus was previously placed under the genus Elaphe. The last revision of this species recognized four subspecies  (Schulz 1996): C. erythrurus philippinus, C. e. erythrurus C. e. manillensis and C. e. psephenoura; C. philippinus has since been recognized as a full species (Helfenberger 2001). All but the nominate subspecies are endemic to the Philippines. In Sulawesi - where a separate subspecies C. e. celebensis is sometimes recognized (Leviton et al. 2018) - two forms are known C. e. celebensis. The northern form is usually dark brown to olive dorsally with a very distinct V shaped black markings. The southern form is usually blackish or dark brown with indistinct V shaped marking makes it very similar in colouration to C. flavolineatus." 183196,Gonyosoma oxycephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gonyosoma,oxycephalum,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Gonyosoma floweri is an established junior synonym of G. oxycephalum and has never been formally revalidated. It has recently been included as a valid species in two guides to Thai reptiles (Nutphand 2001, Chan-ard et al. 2015), but in both cases this appears to be a transcription error rather than a deliberate intent to revalidate this species and neither author justifies this arrangement (David et al. 2004, Pauwels and Grismer 2015)." 183197,Hemorrhois algirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hemorrhois,algirus,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)","This species is easily confused with Platyceps saharicus; an isolated record of Hemorrhois algirus from southern Algeria reported by Trape and Mané (2006) may represent P. saharicus (Geniez and Gauthier 2008). It is here treated as representing H. algirus pending confirmation of the identity of this record." 183198,Boaedon fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Studies into the taxonomy of this wide-ranging species, including resolution of the status of Boaedon fuliginosus arabicus, are needed. Boaedon angolensis, a ""long forgotten"" name described as a variety of B. lineatus and subsequently either neglected or treated as a junior synonym of either B. lineatus or B. fuliginosus, is treated as a full species by Marques et al. (2018) and Butler et al.(2019). The status of this taxon and other Angolan records of Boaedon is presently under review (Hallerman et al. unpublished, referenced in Butler et al. 2019). Trape and Mediannikov (2016) erected the new species B. subflavus and B. perisilvestris for clades they identified, based on a combination of morphological and molecular data, from Chad and the Republic of Congo.

The holotype of B. fuliginosus has been lost, and the type locality - ""Java"" - is clearly in error. Brongersma (reported in Roux-Estève and Guibé 1965) proposed fixing the the type locality as either coastal Ghana or an area of South Africa near Cape Town, and only B. lineatus is considered to occur in South Africa. On this basis, Trape and Mediannikov (2018) proposed restricting the name Boaedon fuliginosus to the only clade they identified from West Africa based on molecular analysis. This is necessarily provisional, as their samples did not include material from Ghana and the species' range has not been fully clarified either within or outside West Africa." 183199,Liopeltis tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Liopeltis,tricolor,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","There may be some taxonomic confusion in Indochina between this species and L. stoliczkae. A specimen referred to Liopeltis cf. tricolor and L. tricolor by Orlov et al. (2003) and as L. tricolor by Nguyen et al. (2009), from Lam Dong Province, Viet Nam, may be conspecific with the record of L. stolickzae from adjacent eastern Cambodia reported by Stuart et al. (2006). Som et al. (2020) comment that the relationship between these taxa (and L. philippina) remains unresolved.
A record from Pulau Tioman originally assigned to L. tricolor proved on re-examination to represent a new species, which Som et al. (2020) described as L. tiomanica; verified records of L. tricolor from this island exist, and the two species may occur in syntopy (Som et al. 2020)." 183200,Lycodon subcinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,subcinctus,,,,,"Boie, 1827","This species has been recently placed in the genus Ophites. Three subspecies are recognized: L. s. subcinctus, L. s. maculatus, and L. s. sealei. It is possible that the subspecies on Palawan Island (Lycodon subcinctus sealei Leviton, 1955) is an island endemic, however, this needs to be confirmed as Lanza (1999) reported a specimen from Western Sarawak, Malaysia and suggested that the species may have been accidentally introduced to the Philippines." 183201,Lycophidion capense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,capense,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1831)","This species is currently treated as having three subspecies following the action of Broadley (1991) and subsequent revision of southern African Lycophidion by Broadley (1996) elevating the former subspecies pembanum and multimaculatum to specific status. The validity of subspecies L. c. loveridgei and L. c. jacksoni, both from northeastern and eastern Africa, should be investigated with a modern taxonomic analysis." 183202,Oligodon vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,vertebralis,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)","The Philippine taxon Oligodon notospilus has been considered a subspecies of O. vertebralis. This account follows Uetz and Hallerman (2012) and David and Vogel (2012) in considering O. notospilus a separate species, restricting the known distribution of O. vertebralis to Borneo." 183247,Poeciliopsis fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,fasciata,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 183257,Dormitator latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Dormitator,latifrons,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)", 183294,Strongylura exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,exilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 183314,Poeciliopsis latidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,latidens,,,,,"(Garman, 1895)", 183317,Haemulon steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,steindachneri,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)","

Recent genetic analysis has shown that the Atlantic and Pacific subpopulations of H. steindachneri should be treated as different species. However, a distinctive name has not been attributed to the Atlantic subpopulation as of yet (Rocha et al. 2008). 

" 183340,Eleotris picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,picta,,,,,"Kner, 1863", 183351,Batrachoides waltersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,waltersi,,,,,"Collette & Russo, 1981", 18338,Prolagus sardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,PROLAGIDAE,Prolagus,sardus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1832)", 183413,Evorthodus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evorthodus,minutus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 183453,Poeciliopsis turrubarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,turrubarensis,,,,,"(Meek, 1912)", 183466,Gobiomorus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorus,maculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 183544,Dactyloscopus amnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,amnis,,,,,"Miller & Briggs, 1962", 183591,Cathorops fuerthii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,fuerthii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. It is a species complex consisting of at least three species. 183595,Hyporhamphus gilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,gilli,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1923", 183632,Citharichthys gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,gilberti,,,,,"Jenkins & Evermann, 1889", 183633,Gobionellus microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobionellus,microdon,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 183657,Anchoa nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,nasus,,,,,"(Kner & Steindachner, 1867)", 183658,Trinectes fonsecensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,fonsecensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 183716,Chaenomugil proboscideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chaenomugil,proboscideus,,,,,(Günther 1861), 183738,Poeciliopsis prolifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,prolifica,,,,,"Miller, 1960", 183837,Atherinella guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183917,Anchovia macrolepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchovia,macrolepidota,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)","Whitehead and Rodriguez (1998) consider the population of the Pacific coast of Baja California to be a different species, Anchovia magdalenae; however, this species is currently considered to be a synonym of A. macrolepidota in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2019). Therefore, for the purposes of this Red List assessment, all records of A. magdalenae will be considered to be A. macrolepidota." 183932,Achirus mazatlanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Achirus,mazatlanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1869)", 183972,Oligoplites altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Oligoplites,altus,,,,,(Günther 1868), 183981,Gobioides peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobioides,peruanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)", 183986,Bagre pinnimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Bagre,pinnimaculatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)", 183992,Gerres cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,cinereus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","This species has previously been identified as Gerres simillimus, however, G. simillimus occurs in the eastern Pacific (Robertson 2006) and Gerres cinereus in the western Atlantic is considered a distinct species." 183993,Hyporhamphus rosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,rosae,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)", 184036,Microgobius miraflorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,miraflorensis,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 184040,Atherinella crystallina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,crystallina,,,,,"(Jordan & Culver, 1895)", 184057,Platyceps elegantissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,elegantissimus,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)",This species is included in Platyceps following Nagy et al. (2004). 184058,Platyceps saharicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,saharicus,,,,,"Schätti & McCarthy, 2004","Zamenis var. tessellata was described from an unknown locality in ""Asia Mineure"", which is considered ""almost certainly incorrect"" by Schätti et al. (2014). Perry (2012) suggested that, if this locality is accurate, this may represent a distinct species, or that alternatively it could be a senior synonym of Platyceps saharicus. Schätti et al. (2014) indicate that the known specimen exhibits characters consistent with Platyceps saharicus from southern Israel, and reject the suggestion by Perry (2012) that it should be considered a valid species. The name tessellata has however generally been ignored by most authors, but has been used for Israeli snakes in some recent literature (Sinaiko et al. 2018). Sinaiko et al. (2018) found no evidence that two species of this group occur in Israel. These authors recommend further research to clarify the status of this name, and due to uncertainty surrounding both its provenance and identity it may be best considered a nomen dubium (P. Uetz pers. comm. 2019)." 184059,Platyceps sinai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,sinai,,,,,"(Schmidt & Marx, 1956)","This species previously included in Coluber, it is now included in Platyceps following Nagy et al. (2004)." 184061,Psammodynastes pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDASPIDIDAE,Psammodynastes,pictus,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 184062,Psammodynastes pulverulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDASPIDIDAE,Psammodynastes,pulverulentus,,,,,"(H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827)","Psammodynates pulverulentus was first described as Psammophis pulverulentus by Boie in 1827 based on specimens collected from Java (Smith 1943). Its family assignment, based on genetic evidence, has been somewhat uncertain, although recent analyses place it in an indeterminate position within Lamprophiidae (Pyron et al. 2011, R.A. Pyron pers. comm. Apr 2011)." 184063,Psammophis aegyptius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,aegyptius,,,,,"Marx, 1958","This form might be a colour morph or a subspecies of Psammophis schokari (U. Joger and W. Bohme pers. comm.), but Y. Werner and S. Baha El Din (pers. comm.) consider it to be a valid species as the two species are sympatric in large parts of their range." 184064,Psammophis punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,punctulatus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","Kelly et al. (2008) suggested that Psammophis punctulatus trivirgatus may warrant recognition as a full species, however these authors did not include samples from the nominate subspecies in their analysis and cautioned that they had too little data to fully clarify its relationships. The specific distinctiveness of the two forms is supported by the suggestion that their distribution overlaps in northern Somalia (Largen and Rasmussen 1993). Pending a formal taxonomic revision to clarify both the appropriate status of P. p. trivirgatus and the distribution of the two taxa in Ethiopia and Somalia, this form is here retained as a subspecies of P. punctulatus." 184065,Psammophis rukwae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,rukwae,,,,,"Broadley, 1966","The taxonomy and distribution of this species has been considered the most contentious of any species in the taxonomically complex P. sibilans group (Spawls et al. 2001). Broadley (1977) considered this species to occur in Senegal on the basis of a single specimen; although this was considered a ""hasty conclusion"" by Hughes (1999), a number of subsequent authors have followed this authority and attributed records between Senegal and the Tanzanian type locality to P. rukwae (e.g. Largen and Rasmussen 1993, Chippaux 2006). This has resulted in extensive confusion in the literature between the distributions Psammophis rukwae, P. sudanensis and ""P. leucogaster"", a name of uncertain status.

Trape et al. (2019) fully revised the taxonomy of Central and northern African Psammophis, restricting P. rukwae to northern and eastern Africa with a western range limit in the Central African Republic and western Cameroon." 184066,Psammophis sibilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,sibilans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species has presented one of the most taxonomically complex and intractable problems in African herpetology (Hughes 1999) for more than two hundred years (Broadley 1963). The exceptionally complex taxonomic history of this and related names is discussed by Trape et al. (2019), who fully evaluated the systematics of West and Central African Psammophis using both molecular and morphological data, including examination of hundreds of specimens.

The taxonomy of Psammophis sibilans as defined following this revision may still not be fully resolved, and a neotype designation is required to formally fix the commonly accepted type locality ""Egypt"" (Trape et al. 2019). Somalia was included in this species' range by Trape et al. (2019) based on sequences reported by Kelly et al. (2008), however, Trape et al. (2019) suggest that these sequences - as well as others from Ethiopia and one of their own specimens - indicate the likely occurrence of at least three cryptic species within P. sibilans." 184067,Rhabdophis chrysargos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,chrysargos,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Natrix. The validity and identity of records from Hainan was the subject of uncertainty until Zhao (1997) identified that this population represented a distinct species, which he described as Rhabdophis adleri." 184068,Sibynophis geminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,geminatus,,,,,"(H. Boie, 1826)", 184069,Telescopus dhara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,dhara,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)","Records of this species from West Africa previously attributed to Telescopus dhara or T. obtusus are now understood to represent T. tripolitanus (Crochet et al. 2008). Crochet et al. (2008) proposed treating Telescopus obtusus and T. somalicus as subspecies of T. dhara, pending research into the systematics of this poorly-sampled genus. Recently, Šmíd et al. (2019) conducted the first full-genus genetic analysis of Telescopus and found ""a considerable degree"" of variation that justified recognising T. obtusus as a distinct species, and this arrangement is followed here. High levels of genetic variation in the resulting concepts of both T. obtusus and T. dhara suggests that diversity within this group in both the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa is likely to be underestimated (Šmíd et al. 2019).

The status of T. somalicus remains unresolved as this taxon was not sampled; Šmíd et al. (2019) provisionally retain it as a subspecies of T. dhara, a species not otherwise known from Africa, however, it is unlikely to be referable to or closely-related to T. dhara (J. Šmíd pers. comm. 2019). Geniez (2015) treats it as a subspecies of T. obtusus, and this arrangement is followed here." 184071,Naja haje,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,haje,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Records from west of Niger represent Naja senegalensis, formerly confused with this species (Trape et al. 2009). North African populations may also be taxonomically distinct, and further research is needed to clarify the systematics of this species (S. Baha El Din pers. comm.)." 184072,Naja nubiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,nubiae,,,,,"Wüster & Broadley, 2003",Populations of this recently-described species were formerly assigned to Naja pallida. 184073,Naja sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,sumatrana,,,,,"Müller, 1890", 184080,Morone chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MORONIDAE,Morone,chrysops,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 184108,Myriopholis algeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,algeriensis,,,,,"(Jacquet, 1895)",This species had previously been synonymized with Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus. 184109,Myriopholis cairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,cairi,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)","This species was assigned from Leptotyphlops to Myriopholis by Adalsteinsson et al. (2009)." 184110,Leptotyphlops nursii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,nursii,,,,,"(Anderson in Boulenger, 1896)", 184456,Alburnoides fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,fasciatus,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1840)", 184457,Alburnoides varentsovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,varentsovi,,,,,"Bogutskaya & Coad, 2009 ", 184812,Telescopium telescopium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,POTAMIDIDAE,Telescopium,telescopium,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 184813,Brotia peninsularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,peninsularis,,,,,"(Brandt, 1974)","

Brotia peninsularis has been described by Brandt (1974) as a subspecies of Brotia costula, but based on comparative morphological studies and molecular data it is currently considered to be a distinct species (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006).

" 184814,Morrisonietta gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,PYRAMIDELLIDAE,Morrisonietta,gracilis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184815,Gyraulus siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,siamensis,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1867)","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision. The type locality for this species was from Bangkok." 184816,Stenothyra crooki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,crooki,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184818,Stenothyra labiata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,labiata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184819,Brotia herculea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,herculea,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)","

Brotia herculea was often treated as a synonym of Brotia costula varicosa (e.g. Jutting 1956, in Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006; Brandt 1974). However, phylogenetic studies and a clearly different shell morphology justify treating this taxon as a distinct species (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006).

" 184820,Pachydrobia paradoxa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,paradoxa,,,,,"Crosse & Fischer, 1876", 184822,Stenothyra hybocystoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,hybocystoides,,,,,"Bavay, 1895", 184824,Brotia pagodula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,pagodula,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)","

The species is the type species of the genus, first described by Gould, 1847.

" 184825,Brotia siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,siamensis,,,,,"(Brot, 1886)","

The species has been confused with Melania hamonvillei Brot, 1887 from Viet Nam (synonym of Sulcospira tonkiniana) and also with Brotia costula and Brotia peninsularis all of which are distinct species (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006).

" 184828,Bithynia pygmaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,pygmaea,,,,,"Preston, 1908","

Bithynia combines the two subgenera Gabbia and Digoniostoma. B. pygmaea belongs to the subgenera Gabbia.

" 184829,Stenothyra glabrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,glabrata,,,,,"(Adams, 1851)", 184830,Mekongia siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,siamensis,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1865)", 184833,Pettancylus siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,siamensis,,,,,"(Brandt, 1974)",


184836,Littoraria angulifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITTORINIDAE,Littoraria,angulifera,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)", 184837,Mekongia bocourti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,bocourti,,,,,"(Mabille, 1889)","Described by Mabille in 1889, with types in MNHN Paris. Brandt (1974) reported that although it was only recorded from the Phetburi River in Thailand, no specimens were found in surveys of this river that matched the type specimens of M. bocourti, M. jouseammei or M. bourguignati, and hence the taxon currently has a dubious status." 184840,Stenothyra confinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,confinis,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 184841,Brotia pseudosulcospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,pseudosulcospira,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)","Brandt (1974) described Paracrostoma pseudosulcospira armata as a subspecies of this species. In their revision of the genus, Glaubrecht and Köhler (2004) considered this subspecies to be distinct because both species occur in sympatry." 184842,Pachydrobia levayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,levayi,,,,,"Bavay, 1895", 184843,Stenothyra schuetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,schuetti,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184844,Filopaludina filosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Filopaludina,filosa,,,,,"(Reeve, 1863)","

F. filosa has often been confused with F. sumatrensis Dunker, 1852 and, according to Brandt (1974), most reports from southeast Asia refer to that species.

" 184845,Gyraulus hubendicki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,hubendicki,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision." 184846,Filopaludina martensi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Filopaludina,martensi,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1865)","

Two subgenera have been recognized within Filopaludina. F. martensi belongs to the subgenus Siamopaludina. Brandt (1974) discusses a number of subspecies, part of the martensis polytypic group. Because no recent revision of this species is available, it remains unclear if those taxa should be treated as distinct species. In this assessment all three are considered to be part of F. martensi. Recognised subspecies inlcude F. m. cambodiensis Brandt (1974) (from southern-east Thailand, Cambodia, southern Lao PDR and southern Viet Nam), and F. martensi munensis Brandt (1974) (Muen River, Thailand).

" 184847,Iravadia reticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,reticulata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","

According to Ponder (1984) Iravadia reticulata is a synonym of Iravadia ornata Blanford, 1867, while Brandt (1974) treated both taxa as distinct species.

" 184849,Paludomus petrosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,petrosus,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)","" 184850,Pachydrobia munensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,munensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184851,Filopaludina sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Filopaludina,sumatrensis,,,,,"(Dunker, 1852)","

Brandt (1974) described various subspecies of Filopaludina sumatrensis (Dunker, 1852); F. sumatrensis speciosa, F. sumatrensis polygramma, and F. sumatrensis peninsularis. According to Brandt this species was first described from Sumatra and later also from Java, Malaysia, Indochina and Thailand under synonyms. Though the continental taxa seem to be closely related to the Indonesian type form, Brandt (1974) found it more convenient to treat the continental taxa under different names. Here we assess the nominate species until further taxonomic study resolves uncertainty. He also mentions intermediate morphs between F. sumatrensis polygramma and F. sumatrensis speciosa and between the type form and continental taxa.

Molecular as well as morphological studies will help to clarify the phylogenetic status of concerning taxa.

" 184852,Stenothyra schlickumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,schlickumi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184853,Pila scutata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,scutata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1848)", 184855,Pachydrobia zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,zilchi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","Two subspecies of Pachydrobia zilchi are known: P. z. zilchi and P. z. reducta. These two subspecies differ by size and bosses." 184857,Gyraulus prasongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,prasongi,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision." 184859,Pachydrobiella brevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobiella,brevis,,,,,"(Bavay, 1895)","Pachydrobiella may well be assigned to Hydrorissoia as a subgenus." 184860,Melanoides jugicostis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,jugicostis,,,,,"(Hanley & Theobald, 1876)", 184861,Morrisonietta krungtepensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,PYRAMIDELLIDAE,Morrisonietta,krungtepensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184862,Brotia episcopalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,episcopalis,,,,,"H. Lea & I. Lea, 1851","

The species has often been synonymised under B. costula (e.g. Brandt 1968, Köhler and Glaubrecht 2001), but molecular studies have shown that B. episcopalis is a distinct species (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006). The type locality is Malacca in Peninsula Malaysia.

" 184864,Brotia wykoffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,wykoffi,,,,,"(Brandt, 1974)", 184866,Bithynia wykoffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,wykoffi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","

Bithynia combines the two subgenera Gabbia and Digoniostoma. B. wykoffi belongs to the subgenera Gabbia.

" 184867,Stenothyra prasongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,prasongi,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 184869,Stenothyra ovalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,ovalis,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 184870,Brotia subgloriosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,subgloriosa,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)","

The species was described by Brandt (1968) as a subspecies of Brotia binodosa, and mentioned that intermediate morphs can be found between both taxa. Glaubrecht and Köhler (2004) could not identify such morphs among the studied material, and considered B. subgloriosa as distinct species from B. binodosa.

" 184871,Tricula bollingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,bollingi,,,,,"Davis, 1968","Tricula bollingeri is a nomen nullum and only Tricula bollingi is valid (S. Attwood pers. comm. 2010)." 184872,Pachydrobia bavayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,bavayi,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 184874,Pachydrobia variabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,variabilis,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 184875,Paraprososthenia vivonai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,vivonai,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184876,Rehderiella parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Rehderiella,parva,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","

Brandt (1974) placed Rehderiella in the subfamily Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974, however Davis (1979) noted it should belong in Pomatiopsidae but Bouchet and Rocroi (2005) could not allocate it to any of the current subfamilies

" 184877,Brotia pseudoasperata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,pseudoasperata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","

The species was described by Brandt (1968), who points out that this species has often been confused with 'Melania' asperata Lamarck, 'a species that is probably not even a Brotia'. Some shells from Viet Nam, China and from a locality in Myanmar have also been attributed to this species (Brandt 1974), but Köhler and Glaubrecht (2006) doubt that those shells actually belong to this species.

" 184879,Pachydrobia prasongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,prasongi,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 184880,Neoprososthenia iijimai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Neoprososthenia,iijimai,,,,,"(Brandt, 1970)","Davis (1981) moved Paraprososthenia iijimai Brandt, 1970 to the newly established genus Neoprososthenia." 184881,Pachydrobia wykoffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,wykoffi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184884,Idiopoma umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Idiopoma,umbilicata,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)", 184885,Jullienia harmandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,harmandi,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 184887,Gyraulus bakeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,bakeri,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision." 184889,Stenothyra maculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,maculata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184890,Brotia paludiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,paludiformis,,,,,"(Solem, 1966)","

Brotia paludiformis was revised by Köhler and Glaubrecht (2006), who showed that B. paludiformis Solem, 1966 is not conspecific with Semisulcospira paludiformis Yen, 1939.

Brandt (1974) described a subspecies of B. paludiformis (P. p. dubiosa) which shows a similar shell morphology to Brotia armata and is so considered by Glaubrecht and Köhler (2004) to be a synonym of this species.

" 184892,Brotia jullieni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,jullieni,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1874)","

Kohler and Glaubrecht (2006) treat as valid species Brotia jullieni (Deshayes, 1874) restricted to Cambodia but note that it has been treated as a synonym of Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833) in the past. 

" 184893,Stenothyra annandalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,annandalei,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184896,Stenothyra cambodiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,cambodiensis,,,,,"Brandt & Temcharoen, 1971", 184897,Brotia armata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,armata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","

Brotia armata was first described by Brandt as subspecies of Brotia pseudosulcuspira (B. pseudosulcuspira armata Brandt, 1968). Köhler and Glaubrecht (2006) were able to show that B. armata and B. pseudosulcospira can clearly be distinguished by shell features and considered it to be a species of its own.

" 184898,Stenothyra hardouini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,hardouini,,,,,"Morgan, 1885", 184899,Stenothyra jiraponi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,jiraponi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184900,Pila ampullacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,ampullacea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 184901,Hydrorissoia trispirales,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,trispirales,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184902,Brotia insolita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,insolita,,,,,"(Brot, 1868)","

B. insolita is hardly distinguishable from B. manningi as well as from the type series of B. siamensis. Thus the taxonomic status of  B. insolita remains unclear until material for softbody morphology and molecular studies is available (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2011). 

" 184904,Auriculastra elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Auriculastra,elongata,,,,,"Küster, 1844", 184906,Brotia binodosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,binodosa,,,,,"Blanford, 1903","

Brandt (1974) described two subspecies of Brotia binodosa found in Kaek River: B. b. subgloriosa and B. b. spiralis. B. b. subgloriosa was regarded as a separate species, while B. b. spiralis is considered to be a junior synonym of B. binodosa (Glaubrecht and Köhler 2004).

" 184907,Neoprososthenia hanseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Neoprososthenia,hanseni,,,,,"(Brandt, 1970)","Davis (1981) treated the species as a synonym of Neoprososthenia hanseni (Brandt, 1970)." 184908,Brotia microsculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,microsculpta,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",The taxonomy of the species was revised by Glaubrecht and Köhler (2004). 184909,Sulcospira housei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,housei,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","Adamietta housei is the type species of the genus Adamietta and this genus has been synonymised with Sulcospira (Köhler and Dames 2009)." 184911,Pila gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,gracilis,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)", 184912,Hydrorissoia gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,gracilis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184913,Rehderiella siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Rehderiella,siamensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","Brandt (1974) placed Rehderiella in the subfamily Rehderiellinae Brandt, 1974, however Davis (1979) noted it should belong in Pomatiopsidae but Bouchet and Rocroi (2005) could not allocate it to any of the current subfamilies" 184914,Stenothyra cyrtochila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,cyrtochila,,,,,"van Benthem Jutting, 1959", 184915,Lacunopsis harmandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,harmandi,,,,,"Poirier, 1881","Brandt (1974) notes that the taxonomy of the species requires confirmation as the differences between this species and L. jullieni are not certain." 184916,Brotia manningi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,manningi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","

B. insolita is hardly distinguishable from B. manningi as well as from the type series of B. siamensis.

" 184917,Bithynia walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,walkeri,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)","

Bithynia combines the two subgenera Gabbia and Digoniostoma. B. walkeri belongs to the subgenera Gabbia.

" 184919,Pachydrobia spinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,spinosa,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 184922,Bithynia siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,siamensis,,,,,"Lea, 1856","

Bithynia combines the two subgenera Gabbia and Digoniostoma. B. siamensis belongs to the subgenera Digoniostoma. Brandt (1974) mentions two geographical subspecies of Bithynia siamensis, which seem to be closely related. Numerous synonyms have been described (Brandt 1974).

" 184923,Idiopoma doliaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Idiopoma,doliaris,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)","

Whilst Annandale and Rao (1925) considered the species to be a synonym of Filopaludina bengalensis, Brandt (1974) retained both as distinct taxa, with F. bengalensis not represented in Thailand. Two subgenera may be recognized within Filopaludina. F. doliaris belongs to the subgenus Filopaludina.

" 184927,Stenothyra acuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,acuta,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","" 184928,Rivomarginella morrisoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Rivomarginella,morrisoni,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","It is the only species in the marine gastropod family Marginellidae, which lives in freshwater." 184929,Clenchiella microscopica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,CLENCHIELLIDAE,Clenchiella,microscopica,,,,,"(Nevill, 1877)", 184930,Stenothyra basisculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,basisculpta,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 184933,Stenothyra microsculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,microsculpta,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 184934,Camptoceras jiraponi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Camptoceras,jiraponi,,,,,"Hubendick, 1967","

The genus Camptoceras can be differentiated into two subgenera. Camptoceras jiraponi belongs to the the subgenera Culmenella.

" 184935,Pachydrobia harmandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,harmandi,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 184936,Hubendickia crooki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,crooki,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184937,Bithynia funiculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,funiculata,,,,,"Walker, 1927","

Bithynia combines the two subgenera Gabbia and Digoniostoma. B. funiculata belongs to the subgenera Digoniostoma.

" 184939,Iravadia rohdei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,rohdei,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)","
" 184940,Iravadia cochinchinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,cochinchinensis,,,,,"Bavay & Deutzenberg, 1910","Brandt (1974) refers to the species as Fairbankia cochinchinensis." 184943,Pachydrobia siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,siamensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 185126,Blennius ocellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blennius,ocellaris,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 185129,Ophioblennius atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ophioblennius,atlanticus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)",Western Atlantic subpopulations are now recognized as a separate species (Ophioblennius macclurei). 185130,Neoclinus chihiroe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,chihiroe,,,,,"Fukao, 1987", 185131,Spaniblennius riodourensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Spaniblennius,riodourensis,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)", 185132,Neoclinus nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,nudus,,,,,"Stephens & Springer, 1971", 185133,Neoclinus blanchardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,blanchardi,,,,,"Girard, 1858", 185134,Myxodagnus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Myxodagnus,walkeri,,,,,"Dawson, 1976", 185135,Storrsia olsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Storrsia,olsoni,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 185136,Parablennius salensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,salensis,,,,,"Bath, 1990", 185137,Platygillellus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Platygillellus,brasiliensis,,,,,"Feitoza, 2002", 185138,Parablennius dialloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,dialloi,,,,,"Bath, 1990", 185139,Scartella itajobi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartella,itajobi,,,,,"Rangel & Mendes, 2009", 185140,Parablennius sierraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,sierraensis,,,,,"Bath, 1990", 185141,Hypleurochilus aequipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,aequipinnis,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)","The western Atlantic subpopulation was described as H. pseudoaequipinnis (Bath 1994)." 185142,Cryptotrema corallinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Cryptotrema,corallinum,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 185143,Acanthemblemaria hastingsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,hastingsi,,,,,Lin & Galland 2010,"Acanthemblemaria macrospilus, which formerly included A. hastingsi, was first described as a subspecies of A. hancocki by Brock (1940). Stephens (1963) elevated it to species and reported that its range included the Gulf of California, the coast of southwestern Mexico, Isla del Coco, and Islas Revillagigedo (Lin and Galland 2010). The Isla del Coco population was later described as A. atrata, and the Islas Revillagigedo population was described as A. mangognatha (Hastings and Robertson 1999)." 185144,Scartella springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartella,springeri,,,,,"(Bauchot, 1967)", 185145,Parablennius verryckeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,verryckeni,,,,,"(Poll, 1959)", 185146,Tripterygion delaisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Tripterygion,delaisi,,,,,"Cadenat & Blache, 1970", 185147,Scartella poiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartella,poiti,,,,,"Rangel, Gasparini & Guimarães, 2004", 185148,Labrisomus cricota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,cricota,,,,,"Sazima, Gasparini & Moura, 2002", 185149,Hypleurochilus fissicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,fissicornis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 185150,Neoclinus lacunicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,lacunicola,,,,,"Fukao, 1980", 185151,Microlipophrys caboverdensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Microlipophrys,caboverdensis,,,,,"(Wirtz & Bath, 1989)", 185153,Parablennius goreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,goreensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 185154,Sindoscopus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Sindoscopus,australis,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1923)", 185155,Clinitrachus argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinitrachus,argentatus,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 185157,Neoclinus bryope,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,bryope,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1902)", 185158,Auchenionchus crinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Auchenionchus,crinitus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1841)", 185159,Starksia multilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,multilepis,,,,,"Williams & Mounts, 2003", 185160,Microlipophrys velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Microlipophrys,velifer,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 185161,Labrisomus fernandezianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,fernandezianus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)", 185163,Scartella nuchifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartella,nuchifilis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 185164,Auchenionchus microcirrhis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Auchenionchus,microcirrhis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 185165,Coryphoblennius galerita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Coryphoblennius,galerita,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Further taxonomic study is required to determine the status of the eastern Atlantic populations (J.T. Williams pers. comm. 2014). 185166,Scartella caboverdiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartella,caboverdiana,,,,,"Bath, 1990", 185167,Neoclinus toshimaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,toshimaensis,,,,,"Fukao, 1980", 185168,Aidablennius sphynx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Aidablennius,sphynx,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 185169,Paraclinus arcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,arcanus,,,,,"Guimarães & Bacellar, 2002", 185170,Hypleurochilus langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,langi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1923)", 185171,Neoclinus stephensae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,stephensae,,,,,"Hubbs, 1953", 185172,Emblemaria australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,australis,,,,,"Ramos, Rocha & Rocha, 2003", 185173,Auchenionchus variolosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Auchenionchus,variolosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 185174,Alloclinus holderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Alloclinus,holderi,,,,,"(Lauderbach, 1907)", 185175,Salaria pavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salaria,pavo,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 185176,Entomacrodus vomerinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,vomerinus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 185177,Spaniblennius clandestinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Spaniblennius,clandestinus,,,,,"Bath & Wirtz, 1989", 185178,Bathyblennius antholops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Bathyblennius,antholops,,,,,"(Springer & Smith-Vaniz, 1970)", 185179,Emblemariopsis diaphana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,diaphana,,,,,"Longley, 1927", 185180,Lipophrys pholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Lipophrys,pholis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 185181,Parablennius incognitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,incognitus,,,,,"(Bath, 1968)", 185182,Dactylopterus volitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,DACTYLOPTERIDAE,Dactylopterus,volitans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 185183,Blennius normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blennius,normani,,,,,"Poll, 1949", 185184,Labrisomus conditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,conditus,,,,,"Sazima, Carvalho-Filho, Gasparini & Sazima, 2009", 185185,Parablennius tentacularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,tentacularis,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1768)", 185186,Malacoctenus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,africanus,,,,,"Cadenat, 1951", 185187,Microlipophrys bauchotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Microlipophrys,bauchotae,,,,,"(Wirtz & Bath, 1982)", 185188,Neoclinus okazakii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,okazakii,,,,,"Fukao, 1987", 185189,Emblemaria hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,hudsoni,,,,,"Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917", 185190,Paraclinus spectator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,spectator,,,,,"Guimarães & Bacellar, 2002", 185191,Ophioblennius trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ophioblennius,trinitatis,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1919", 185192,Calliclinus geniguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Calliclinus,geniguttatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 185193,Parablennius sanguinolentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,sanguinolentus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)", 185194,Starksia brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1900)", 185195,Labrisomus philippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,philippii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 1858,Aphaostracon pycnus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aphaostracon,pycnus,,,,,"Thompson, 1968", 185196,Starksia guadalupae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,guadalupae,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 18577,Pseudopalaina polymorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Pseudopalaina,polymorpha,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 185791,Noblella coloma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,coloma,,,,,"Guayasamin & Terán-Valdez, 2009", 185865,Phaeoptyx pigmentaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Phaeoptyx,pigmentaria,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 185866,Phaeoptyx conklini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Phaeoptyx,conklini,,,,,"(Silvester, 1915)", 185868,Astrapogon alutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Astrapogon,alutus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 185869,Astrapogon stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Astrapogon,stellatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 185870,Astrapogon puncticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Astrapogon,puncticulatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1867)", 185874,Eucinostomus lefroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,lefroyi,,,,,"(Goode, 1874)","Phylogenetic analysis has placed this species within the genus Eucinostomus (Chen et al. 2007)." 185876,Acyrtus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Acyrtus,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 185877,Acyrtus artius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Acyrtus,artius,,,,,"Briggs, 1955",This species was recently re-described following a split to Acyrtus lanthanum (Conway et al. 2014). 185879,Derilissus vittiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Derilissus,vittiger,,,,,"Fraser, 1970", 185880,Derilissus kremnobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Derilissus,kremnobates,,,,,"Fraser, 1970", 185881,Derilissus altifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Derilissus,altifrons,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1971", 185883,Gymnoscyphus ascitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gymnoscyphus,ascitus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1970", 185885,Nes longus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Nes,longus,,,,,"(Nichols, 1914)", 185887,Ginsburgellus novemlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ginsburgellus,novemlineatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1950)", 185889,Palatogobius grandoculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Palatogobius,grandoculus,,,,,"Greenfield, 2002", 185891,Psilotris batrachodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,batrachodes,,,,,"Böhlke, 1963", 185892,Psilotris boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,boehlkei,,,,,"Greenfield, 1993", 185893,Psilotris celsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,celsus,,,,,"Böhlke, 1963", 185894,Psilotris amblyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,amblyrhynchus,,,,,"Smith & Baldwin, 1999", 185895,Psilotris alepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,alepis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1953", 185896,Psilotris kaufmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,kaufmani,,,,,"Greenfield, Findley & Johnson, 1993", 185898,Risor ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Risor,ruber,,,,,"(Rosén, 1911)",This may be a species complex of several species. 185900,Robinsichthys arrowsmithensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Robinsichthys,arrowsmithensis,,,,,"Birdsong, 1988", 185902,Tigrigobius zebrellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,zebrellus,,,,,"(Robins, 1958)","Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera, Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species is often referred to in the literature as Elacatinus zebrellus." 185903,Tigrigobius dilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,dilepis,,,,,"(Robins & Böhlke, 1964)","Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera: Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species is often referred to in the literature as Elacatinus dilepis." 185904,Tigrigobius gemmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,gemmatus,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)","Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera, Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species is often referred to in the literature as Elacatinus gemmatus." 185905,Tigrigobius redimiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,redimiculus,,,,,"(Taylor & Akins, 2007)","Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera: Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species is often referred to in the literature as Elacatinus redimiculus (Taylor and Akins 2007)." 185906,Tigrigobius pallens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,pallens,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)","Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera, Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species is often referred to in the literature as Elacatinus pallens." 185908,Varicus bucca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,bucca,,,,,"Robins & Böhlke, 1961", 185909,Varicus marilynae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,marilynae,,,,,"Gilmore, 1979", 185911,Vomerogobius flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vomerogobius,flavus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1971", 185913,Evermannichthys bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannichthys,bicolor,,,,,"Thacker, 2001", 185914,Evermannichthys silus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannichthys,silus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1969", 185915,Evermannichthys spongicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannichthys,spongicola,,,,,"(Radcliffe, 1917)","Evermannichthys spongicola (Radcliffe, 1917) is a valid species that is present in the Western Central Atlantic (previously known as Garmannia spongicola)." 185916,Evermannichthys metzelaari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannichthys,metzelaari,,,,,"Hubbs, 1923",This is likely a species complex (Bohlke and Robins 1969). 185917,Evermannichthys convictor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannichthys,convictor,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1969", 185919,Gramma linki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Gramma,linki,,,,,"Starck & Colin, 1978", 185920,Gramma melacara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Gramma,melacara,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1963", 185921,Gramma loreto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Gramma,loreto,,,,,"Poey, 1868","This species is very visually similar to G. brasilliensis, and they are often confused." 185922,Acyrtops beryllinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Acyrtops,beryllinus,,,,,"(Hildebrand & Ginsburg, 1927)","A revision of the Acyrtops genus is currently under way. Due to questions surrounding the validity of Acyrtops amplicirrus (a very similar species), the distribution of A. beryllinus is not clearly understood at this time (K. Conway pers. comm. 2015)." 185923,Apogon binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,binotatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1867)", 185924,Paroncheilus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Paroncheilus,affinis,,,,,"(Poey, 1875)", 185925,Apogon aurolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,aurolineatus,,,,,"(Mowbray, 1927)", 185926,Apogon lachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,lachneri,,,,,"Böhlke, 1959", 185927,Apogon leptocaulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,leptocaulus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1972", 185928,Apogon robbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,robbyi,,,,,"Gilbert & Tyler, 1997", 185929,Apogon robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,robinsi,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1968", 185930,Apogon gouldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,gouldi,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1977", 185931,Apogon pseudomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,pseudomaculatus,,,,,"Longley, 1932", 185932,Apogon mosavi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,mosavi,,,,,"Dale, 1977", 185933,Zapogon evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Zapogon,evermanni,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1904)", 185934,Apogon phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,phenax,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1968", 185935,Apogon quadrisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,quadrisquamatus,,,,,"Longley, 1934",There are known taxonomic issues with this species; more than one undescribed species may be masquerading as A. quadrisquamatus. 185936,Apogon townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,townsendi,,,,,"(Breder, 1927)", 185937,Apogon maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,maculatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 185938,Apogon pillionatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,pillionatus,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1968", 185939,Arcos nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Arcos,nudus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There is some confusion surrounding the validity of this name, some workers consider Arcos nudus to be correct (replacing A. macrophthalmus), while Gobiesox cephalus should be applied to the western central Atlantic freshwater clingfish currently known as Gobiesox nudus (R. Robertson and K. Conway pers. comm. 2014)." 185940,Awaous tajasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,tajasica,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1822)","Records outside of Brazil for A. tajasica may refer A. banana." 185941,Barbulifer antennatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Barbulifer,antennatus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1968", 185942,Barbulifer ceuthoecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Barbulifer,ceuthoecus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1884)", 185944,Bollmannia boqueronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,boqueronensis,,,,,"Evermann & Marsh, 1899", 185945,Bollmannia eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Garman, 1896)", 185946,Bollmannia litura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,litura,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1935", 185947,Bollmannia communis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,communis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1942", 185948,Chriolepis benthonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,benthonis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1953", 185949,Varicus imswe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,imswe,,,,,"Greenfield, 1981","This species was originally described as Varicus imswe. There is still some confusion over the taxonomic limits of Chriolepis and Varicus in the western Atlantic. For this assessment we follow Smith et al. 2003.
" 185950,Chriolepis vespa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,vespa,,,,,"Hastings & Bortone, 1981", 185951,Chriolepis fisheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,fisheri,,,,,"Herre, 1942", 185952,Coryphopterus thrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,thrix,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960", 185953,Coryphopterus kuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,kuna,,,,,"Victor, 2007", 185954,Coryphopterus eidolon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,eidolon,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960", 185955,Coryphopterus tortugae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,tortugae,,,,,"(Jordan, 1904)","This species is easily confused with Coryphopterus glaucofraenum and C. venezuelae.

" 185956,Coryphopterus venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,venezuelae,,,,,"Cervigón, 1966","This species is often confused with C. glaucofraenum and C. tortugae. Although genetically distinct, C. glaucofraenum and C. venezuelae are extremely similar (Baldwin et al. 2009). There are some unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the synonimization of Coryphopterus bol (described from Puerto Rico in 2008) under C. venezuelae (Collette and Smith-Vaniz 2013)." 185957,Coryphopterus glaucofraenum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,glaucofraenum,,,,,"Gill, 1863","This species is sometimes misidentified as Coryphopterus tortugae or C. venezuelae. Furthermore, although genetically distinct, C. glaucofraenum and C. venezuelae are extremely similar (Baldwin et al. 2009)." 185958,Coryphopterus lipernes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,lipernes,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1962", 185959,Coryphopterus punctipectophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,punctipectophorus,,,,,"Springer, 1960", 185960,Coryphopterus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,personatus,,,,,"(Jordan & Thompson, 1905)",This species is easily confused with Coryphopterus hyalinus. Coryphopterus hyalinus and C. personatus are genetically distinct (Baldwin et al. 2009). 185961,Coryphopterus alloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,alloides,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960",Older records of Coryphopterus in the western Atlantic may need to be verified as the genus has recently been revised (Baldwin et al. 2009). 185962,Coryphopterus dicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,dicrus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960",Older records of Coryphopterus in the western Atlantic may need to be verified as the genus has recently been revised (Baldwin et al. 2009). 185964,Ctenogobius smaragdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,smaragdus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 185965,Ctenogobius saepepallens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,saepepallens,,,,,"(Gilbert & Randall, 1968)","" 185966,Ctenogobius pseudofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,pseudofasciatus,,,,,"(Gilbert & Randall, 1971)","This species has been confused with C. fasciatus (Gilbert and Randall in Gilbert and Kelso 1971)." 185967,Ctenogobius stigmaturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,stigmaturus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1882)", 185969,Ctenogobius phenacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,phenacus,,,,,"(Pezold & Lasala, 1987)", 185970,Ctenogobius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,fasciatus,,,,,"Gill, 1858","This species has been confused with Ctenogobius pseudofasciatus in the past (Gilbert and Randall 1979)." 185971,Diapterus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Diapterus,auratus,,,,,"Ranzani, 1842", 185973,Elacatinus lori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,lori,,,,,"Colin, 2002", 185974,Elacatinus xanthiprora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,xanthiprora,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)", 185975,Elacatinus horsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,horsti,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1922)",Colin (2010) recognized that this may be a species complex of three to five species. Victor (2014) described the Cayman form as E. cayman. 185976,Elacatinus chancei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,chancei,,,,,"(Beebe & Hollister, 1933)", 185977,Elacatinus atronasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,atronasus,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)", 185978,Elacatinus genie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,genie,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)","This species is positively known from Bahamas. The different colour morph in the Cayman Islands, believed to be an undescribed species (Colin 2010), is E. cayman (Victor 2014). For this assessment, we consider only the Bahamas distribution for this species." 185979,Elacatinus jarocho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,jarocho,,,,,"Taylor & Akins, 2007", 185980,Elacatinus prochilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,prochilos,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)", 185981,Tigrigobius multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)","Records of this species from Panama refer to Tigrigobius panamensis (Victor 2010). Records from Utila island (Honduras) refer to Tigrigobius rubrigenis (Victor 2010). Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera, Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species may be referred to in the literature as Elacatinus multifasciatus." 185982,Tigrigobius macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,macrodon,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928)","Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera, Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species is often referred to in the literature as Elacatinus macrodon." 185983,Tigrigobius saucrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,saucrus,,,,,"(Robins, 1960)","Much of the literature recognizes the genus Elacatinus with two subgenera: Elacatinus and Tigrigobius. As such, this species is often referred to in the literature as Elacatinus saucrus." 185984,Elacatinus illecebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,illecebrosus,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)",This is thought to be a species complex with two distinct colour morphs (Colin 2010). 185985,Elacatinus louisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,louisae,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)",This species is likely comprised of a complex of two (Colin 2010). 185986,Elacatinus oceanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,oceanops,,,,,"Jordan, 1904","Elacatinus lobeli was previously misidentified as E. oceanops (Randall and Colin 2009)." 185987,Elacatinus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,randalli,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)","Subpopulations from Trindade Island and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil have been designated two new species, Elacatinus phthirophagus (Sazima, Carvalho-Filho & Sazima 2008) and Elacatinus pridisi (Guimarães, Gasparini & Rocha 2004)." 185988,Elacatinus evelynae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,evelynae,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)","This species is found in three colour morphs, a yellow-blue, a yellow and a white form which may represent three separate species (Colin 2010). The very similar cryptic species E. cayman has been confused with this species (Victor 2014)." 185991,Eleotris pisonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,pisonis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Eleotris perniger has generally been reported as E. pisonis, but the latter is a continental South American species ranging only from southern Brazil to eastern Venezuela (Pezold and Cage 2002)." 185992,Erotelis smaragdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Erotelis,smaragdus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 185993,Eucinostomus melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,melanopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 185994,Eucinostomus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,argenteus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1855","Unfortunately, members of the Eucinostomus genus are continually being misidentified. This species was once thought to occur in the eastern Pacific Ocean, but these specimens are now treated as E. dowii (Page et al. 2013). It may be conspecific with E. jonesi (Lee et al. 1980)." 185995,Eucinostomus gula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,gula,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 185996,Eucinostomus jonesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,jonesii,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)", 185997,Eugerres plumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,plumieri,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","The name Eugerres awlae, which was once a synonym of E. plumieri, may be a different species. However, there is still some confusion on the validity and range of E. awlae." 185998,Eugerres brasilianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,brasilianus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 186000,Gobiesox lucayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,lucayanus,,,,,"Briggs, 1963", 186001,Gobiesox nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Peters, 1859)", 186003,Gobiesox punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,punctulatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1876)", 186004,Gobiesox barbatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,barbatulus,,,,,"Starks, 1913", 186005,Gobiesox strumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,strumosus,,,,,"Cope, 1870",The Atlantic and Pacific subpopulations are probably different species (M. Craig pers. comm. 2011). 186006,Gobioides grahamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobioides,grahamae,,,,,"Palmer & Wheeler, 1955", 186010,Gobiosoma ginsburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,ginsburgi,,,,,"Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928", 186011,Gobiosoma longipala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,longipala,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933",This species is easily misidentified as Gobiosoma bosc. 186013,Gobiosoma grosvenori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,grosvenori,,,,,"(Robins, 1964)", 186014,Gobiosoma hildebrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,hildebrandi,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)", 186015,Gobiosoma spes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,spes,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)", 186016,Gobiosoma spilotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,spilotum,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)", 186018,Gobulus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobulus,myersi,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939", 186020,Lipogramma rosea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,rosea,,,,,"Gilbert, 1979","Some references treat the genus Lipogramma as neuter." 186021,Lipogramma klayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,klayi,,,,,"Randall, 1963","Some references treat the genus Lipogramma as neuter." 186022,Lipogramma regia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,regia,,,,,"Robins & Colin, 1979","Some references treat the genus Lipogramma as neuter." 186023,Lipogramma flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,flavescens,,,,,"Gilmore & Jones, 1988","Some references treat the genus Lipogramma as neuter." 186024,Lipogramma evides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,evides,,,,,"Robins & Colin, 1979","Some references treat the genus Lipogramma as neuter." 186025,Lipogramma anabantoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,anabantoides,,,,,"Böhlke, 1960","Some references treat the genus Lipogramma as neuter." 186026,Lipogramma trilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,trilineata,,,,,"Randall, 1963","Some references treat the genus Lipogramma as neuter." 186027,Lythrypnus mowbrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,mowbrayi,,,,,"(Bean, 1906)",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186028,Lythrypnus phorellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,phorellus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186029,Lythrypnus heterochroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,heterochroma,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186030,Lythrypnus spilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,spilus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186031,Lythrypnus okapia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,okapia,,,,,"Robins & Böhlke, 1964",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186032,Lythrypnus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,minimus,,,,,"Garzón & Acero P., 1988",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186033,Lythrypnus nesiotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,nesiotes,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186034,Lythrypnus elasson,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,elasson,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1960",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 186035,Microgobius carri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,carri,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 186036,Microgobius signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,signatus,,,,,"Poey, 1876", 186037,Microgobius thalassinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,thalassinus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)", 186038,Microgobius microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,microlepis,,,,,"Longley & Hildebrand, 1940", 186039,Microgobius meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,meeki,,,,,"Evermann & Marsh, 1899", 186040,Microgobius gulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,gulosus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 186041,Oxyurichthys stigmalophius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,stigmalophius,,,,,"(Mead & Böhlke, 1958)","This was formerly regarded as a species of Gobionellus. It is now know as the only species of Oxyurichthys in the Atlantic Ocean (Pezold and Larson 2015)." 186042,Palatogobius paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Palatogobius,paradoxus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1971",The species is valid. One of the paratypes (the cleared and stained one) may be a different species (J. Van Tassell pers. comm. 2011). 186043,Parrella macropteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parrella,macropteryx,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939","This species is valid, however, the genus may not be monophyletic." 186044,Priolepis dawsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,dawsoni,,,,,"Greenfield, 1989", 186045,Priolepis hipoliti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,hipoliti,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1922)", 186052,Ptereleotris calliura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,calliura,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 186053,Ptereleotris helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,helenae,,,,,"(Randall, 1968)",Taxonomic relations between P. helenae and P. randalli need further clarification with sampling and barcoding of specimens from a range of sites in the Greater Caribbean (R. Robertson and B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015). 186054,Chriolepis roosevelti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,roosevelti,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)", 186056,Sicydium punctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,punctatum,,,,,"Perugia, 1896","

Western Atlantic species of this genus are in need of revision (E. Murdy pers. comm. 2009, F. Pezold pers. comm. 2010).

" 186057,Tomicodon leurodiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,leurodiscus,,,,,"Williams & Tyler, 2003", 186058,Tomicodon clarkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,clarkei,,,,,"Williams & Tyler, 2003", 186059,Tomicodon cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,cryptus,,,,,"Williams & Tyler, 2003", 186060,Tomicodon lavettsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,lavettsmithi,,,,,"Williams & Tyler, 2003", 186061,Tomicodon rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,rupestris,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 186062,Tomicodon fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,fasciatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1859)",This species was once considered widespread. A recent review split this species into multiple species (Willliams and Tyler 2003). 186063,Bolitoglossa robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,robinsoni,,,,,"Bolaños & Wake, 2009","The specimens tentatively assigned to this species might represent four to five different species (Bolaños and Wake 2009, Hertz 2015)." 186086,Crenimugil seheli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Crenimugil,seheli,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","The taxonomy of species in the Mugilidae family is complex, and under revision (Durand and Borsa 2015). This species is commonly referred to as Valamugil seheli in the literature. According to Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, it is now valid as Crenimugil seheli." 186087,Valamugil buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Valamugil,buchanani,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 186088,Oxyurichthys ophthalmonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,ophthalmonema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 186090,Yongeichthys nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Yongeichthys,nebulosus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","This species better and correctly known as Yongeichthys nebulosus (H.K. Larson pers. comm. 2013)." 186095,Protobothrops xiangchengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,xiangchengensis,,,,,"(Zhao, Jiang & Huang, 1978)","This taxon was originally described as Trimeresurus xiangchengensis by Zhao et al. (1978), however, more recently it has been assigned to the genus of Protobothrops (Guo et al.2006). There has been much debate over the validity of this species. McDiarmid et al. (1999) suggested that it may be a synonym of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus, but Guo et al. (2009) concluded that it is a valid species and this arrangement is followed here. Although Guo et al. (2009, 2011) found that Protobothrops jerdonii is paraphyletic with respect to P. xiangchengensis on molecular grounds, suggesting that further taxonomic research is needed, they did not propose taxonomic changes." 186104,Bolitoglossa pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,pygmaea,,,,,"Bolaños & Wake, 2009", 186158,Raorchestes akroparallagi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,akroparallagi,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 186160,Raorchestes chotta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,chotta,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 186161,Raorchestes coonoorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,coonoorensis,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 186164,Pseudophilautus kani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,kani,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 186166,Raorchestes sushili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,sushili,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 186322,Pseudotocinclus juquiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudotocinclus,juquiae,,,,,"Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005", 186324,Cynolebias perforatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,perforatus,,,,,"Costa & Brasil, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186325,Hypsolebias fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,fasciatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 2006)",Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon: Simpsonichthys fasciatus (Costa e Brasil 2006). 186326,Notholebias fractifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Notholebias,fractifasciatus,,,,,"(Costa, 1988)", 186327,Hypostomus isbrueckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,isbrueckeri,,,,,"Reis, Weber & Malabarba, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186328,Pseudobunocephalus iheringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pseudobunocephalus,iheringii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

186329,Pimelodus paranaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,paranaensis,,,,,"Britski & Langeani, 1988",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186330,Hypostomus pusarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,pusarum,,,,,"(Starks, 1913)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Uma revisão taxonômica das espécies de Hypostomus do Nordeste Oriental está sendo realizada por C. H. Zawadzki e T. P. A. Ramos. Esta espécie necessitará de uma reavaliação futura. 186333,Plagioscion squamosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,squamosissimus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1840)","Several nominal species of Plagioscion were included as junior synonyms of P. squamosissimus by Casatti (2005). The current name, P. squamosissimus, may include several species of Plagioscion. Further studies are necessary to discern this group accurately (Chao et al. 2015)." 186334,Roeboides xenodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,xenodon,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1851)","Lucena (2007) selecionou o exemplar ZMUC P281118 (antigo ZMUC 203), CP 94,0 mm, como lectótipo. Os demais lotes, ZMUC P281119, ZMUC P2281120, ZMUC P281121 e, conforme (Eschmeyer 2012), ZMB 9193 e MNHN 9885, foram considerados paralectótipos. No mesmo artigo Lucena selecionou como lectótipo de Roeboides francisci o maior exemplar do lote NMW 56896, (CP 45,5 mm), procedente do rio Preto. Em consequência, os demais 12 exemplares do mesmo lote, NWM 56891, NWM 56892 (71exs.), NWM 56893 (19exs.), NWM 56894 (25exs.), NWM 56895 (7exs.), NWM 56897 (2exs.), NWM 56920, NWM 56921 (16exs.) e NWM 56922 (9exs.) foram considerados paralectótipos. Os exemplares que serviram para a descrição da espécie foram capturados durante uma expedição ao nordeste do Brasil (Vanzolini 1992) em lagoas na cidade de Barra, foz do rio Grande, e no rio Preto, afluente do rio Grande, ambas as localidades no médio rio São Francisco, Bahia." 186335,Gymnogeophagus labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gymnogeophagus,labiatus,,,,,"(Hensel, 1870)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Geophagus bucephalus Hensel, 1870, Geophagus labiatus Hensel, 1870, Geophagus scymnophilus Hensel, 1870." 186338,Brycon devillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,devillei,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)","O nome B. devillei foi utilizado por Vieira et al. (2008) para as subpopulações de Brycon dos rios Jequitinhonha e Doce de forma provisória. A espécie de Brycon do rio Jequitinhonha é certamente distinta daquela do rio Doce (Lima 2001), e provavelmente nenhuma das duas é co-específica ao “verdadeiro” B. devillei, que resta ser redescrito (Viera et al. 2008).


" 186340,Rineloricaria microlepidogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,microlepidogaster,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186341,Pareiorhina rudolphi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhina,rudolphi,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186342,Hypostomus meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,meleagris,,,,,"(Marini, Nichols & La Monte, 1933)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186343,Hypostomus jaguribensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,jaguribensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1915)","Hypostomus carvalhoi pode vir a ser sinônimo de H. jaguribensis (T. P. A. Ramos, com. pess. 2013). Uma revisão taxonômica das espécies de Hypostomus do Nordeste Oriental está sendo realizada por (C. H. Zawadzki e T. P. A. Ramos). Esta espécie necessitará de uma reavaliação futura." 186345,Corydoras vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,vittatus,,,,,"Nijssen, 1971",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186347,Hemigrammus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,gracilis,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186349,Myleus micans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Myleus,micans,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Myletes micans (Lütken 1875). 186350,Ituglanis parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,parahybae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186351,Crenicichla haroldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,haroldoi,,,,,"Luengo & Britski, 1974",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186354,Phalloptychus januarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloptychus,januarius,,,,,"(Hensel, 1868)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186355,Hypostomus garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,garmani,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186356,Melanorivulus faucireticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,faucireticulatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186358,Phalloceros spiloura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,spiloura,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186359,Trichomycterus maracaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,maracaya,,,,,"Bockmann & Sazima, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186360,Leptopanchax itanhaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Leptopanchax,itanhaensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)", 186363,Neoplecostomus yapo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,yapo,,,,,"Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186364,Hemiancistrus votouro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,votouro,,,,,"Cardoso & da Silva, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186365,Prochilodus vimboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Prochilodus,vimboides,,,,,"Kner, 1859", 186366,Crenicichla jurubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,jurubi,,,,,"Lucena & Kullander, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186367,Parotocinclus jimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,jimi,,,,,"Garavello, 1977",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186369,Microglanis garavelloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,garavelloi,,,,,"Shibatta & Benine, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186370,Astyanax epiagos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,epiagos,,,,,"Zanata & Camelier, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186371,Cynolebias gibbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,gibbus,,,,,"Costa, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186372,Trachelyopterus leopardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,leopardinus,,,,,"(Borodin, 1927)","Trachelyopterus leopardinus é provavelmente sinônimo de Trachelyopterus galeatus (F.C.T. Lima com. pess. 2011), no entanto, como esta informação não está oficialmente publicada, as duas espécie são consideradas válidas. Há ainda a possibilidade que essa espécie esteja sendo classificada como T. galeatus (R.E. Reis com. pess. 2011)." 186374,Aphanotorulus gomesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Aphanotorulus,gomesi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1942)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186376,Parotocinclus spilosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,spilosoma,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)","Os lotes usualmente registrados como Parotocinclus spilosoma para a região do Baixo São Francisco se tratam de uma espécie nova (P.A. Lehmann e R. E. Reis, com. pess. 2011)." 186377,Rhamdiopsis microcephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdiopsis,microcephala,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)","Exemplares coletados para o Alto Paraná e identificados como R. microcephala, podem se tratar de uma espécie ainda não descrita (F.A. Bockmann com. pess.)." 186378,Parotocinclus planicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,planicauda,,,,,"Garavello & Britski, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186379,Parotocinclus spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,spilurus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)", 186380,Hypostomus subcarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,subcarinatus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1855","A espécie pode estar sendo confundida com outras espécies do gênero, em decorrência da similaridade e dificuldade em sua identificação." 186383,Steindachnerina notonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,notonota,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1937)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186384,Hypsolebias rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,rufus,,,,,"(Costa, Nielsen & de Luca, 2001)","Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon:Simpsonichthys rufus (Costa, Nielsen e de Luca 2001)." 186385,Moenkhausia costae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,costae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186386,Rhamdia quelen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,quelen,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","The wholesale synonymisation of many species of Rhamdia with R. quelen by Silfvergrip (1996), based solely on morphometrics, is not accepted by most fish systematists (e.g. Miller et al. 2005, Eschmeyer et al. 2018). One Mexican species that should be recognised as valid, and assessed properly, is R. guatemalensis (Miller et al. 2005)." 186387,Cambeva igobi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,igobi,,,,,"(Wosiacki & de Pinna, 2008)", 186388,Jenynsia unitaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,unitaenia,,,,,"Ghedotti & Weitzman, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186389,Aspidoras fuscoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,fuscoguttatus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186390,Heterocheirodon jacuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Heterocheirodon,jacuiensis,,,,,"Malabarba & Bertaco, 1999",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186391,Astyanax rivularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,rivularis,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Tetragonopterus rivularis Lütken, 1875." 186392,Leporinus melanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,melanopleura,,,,,"Günther, 1864",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186393,Hoplias malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ERYTHRINIDAE,Hoplias,malabaricus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)","

Hoplias malabaricus undoubtedly comprises a species complex (Hauser and Benedito 2012, Aguirre et al. 2013, Marques et al. 2013, Mattox et al. 2014, Grassi et al. 2017). As cryptic diversity becomes more clear, formal descriptions at the species level may result in a non-genuine change in the distribution of the species.

" 186394,Cichlasoma sanctifranciscense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichlasoma,sanctifranciscense,,,,,"Kullander, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186396,Ituglanis proops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,proops,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186398,Rineloricaria strigilata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,strigilata,,,,,"(Hensel, 1868)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186399,Lophiosilurus alexandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Lophiosilurus,alexandri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1876", 186401,Diapoma tipiaia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Diapoma,tipiaia,,,,,"(Malabarba & Weitzman, 2003)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186404,Trichomycterus giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,giganteus,,,,,"Lima & Costa, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186407,Austrolebias adloffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,adloffi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1922)", 186408,Cynolebias itapicuruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,itapicuruensis,,,,,"Costa, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186409,Wertheimeria maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Wertheimeria,maculata,,,,,"Steindachner, 1877",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186410,Leporinus copelandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,copelandii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1875",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186412,Leporinus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,steindachneri,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1907","A descrição de Leporinus steindachneri é relativamente antiga e sucinta, o que dificulta o reconhecimento de formas aparentadas. Isso faz com que muitas formas de Leporinus nas bacias citadas sejam possíveis de serem enquadradas na descrição. Necessita de revisão taxonômica (F. Vieira com. pess. 2013)." 186413,Corydoras steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,steindachneri,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1973",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186414,Hypostomus tapijara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,tapijara,,,,,"Oyakawa, Akama & Zanata, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186416,Astyanax altiparanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,altiparanae,,,,,"Garutti & Britski, 2000",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186417,Gymnotus carapo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,carapo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 186419,Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,sanctaefilomenae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)","Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae foi descrita como Tetragonopterus sanctaefilomenae de lagoa em Santa Filomena, Piauí, bacia do rio Parnaíba. Era identificada para várias outras bacias (e.g., rios Parnaíba, São Francisco e bacia do rio da Prata). Com a descrição de Moenkhausia forestii para a bacia do rio Paraguai e a sugestão não formalizada de reconhecimento de Moenkhausia australe como espécie válida para a bacia do rio Uruguai (ver Benine et al. 2009), M. sanctaefilomenae ficaria restrita para os rios Parnaíba, São Francisco e bacia do alto rio Paraná (Benine et al. 2009), no Brasil. Benine (2004) ainda considera que a população do alto rio Paraná possa ser um táxon novo, além de sugerir que o grupo Moenkhausia oligolepis, do qual M. sanctaefilomenae faz parte, seja transferido para o gênero Bario." 186420,Phalloceros anisophallos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,anisophallos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008","Conhecida como Phalloceros caudimaculatus antes da revisão de Lucinda (2008). Este mesmo autor, antes de publicar a revisão de espécies do gênero Phalloceros disponibilizou sua tese de doutorado onde a espécie era tratada como Phalloceros sp. “H” Lucinda e Reis (2005)." 186422,Hypostomus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,affinis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186423,Salminus franciscanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Salminus,franciscanus,,,,,"Lima & Britski, 2007","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes empregados no passado para essa espécie, mas de forma equivocada, foram Salminus brevidens (Cuvier, 1819) e S. brasiliensis (Cuvier 1816) (Lima e Britski 2007)." 186424,Pimelodella ignobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,ignobilis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186425,Hisonotus taimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,taimensis,,,,,"(Buckup, 1981)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186427,Pareiorhaphis mutuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,mutuca,,,,,"(Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999)", 186428,Apareiodon vladii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,vladii,,,,,"Pavanella, 2006", 186429,Chasmocranus brachynemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,brachynemus,,,,,"Gomes & Schubart, 1958", 186431,Corumbataia britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Corumbataia,britskii,,,,,"Ferreira & Ribeiro, 2007", 186432,Pimelodella gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,gracilis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)","Por existir a possibilidade de se tratar de um complexo de espécies, são necessárias pesquisas taxonômicas que esclareçam a real situação da espécie." 186433,Schizodon altoparanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,altoparanae,,,,,"Garavello & Britski, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186434,Listrura nematopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Listrura,nematopteryx,,,,,"de Pinna, 1988", 186435,Psectrogaster saguiru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Psectrogaster,saguiru,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186436,Ancistrus multispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,multispinis,,,,,"(Regan, 1912)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Ancistrus albocinctus (Ahl, 1936), Hemiancistrus albocinctus (Ahl 1936), Peckoltia albocinctus (Ahl 1936), Xenocara multispinis (Regan 1912)." 186437,Parotocinclus doceanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,doceanus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186438,Cambeva guaraquessaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,guaraquessaba,,,,,"(Wosiacki, 2005)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186439,Hypostomus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,interruptus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186440,Pimelodella avanhandavae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,avanhandavae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186441,Loricariichthys castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,castaneus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186443,Imparfinis piperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,piperatus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Norris, 1900",Existe a possibilidade de Imparfinis piperatus se tratar de um complexo de espécies. 186444,Hisonotus yasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,yasi,,,,,"(Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta, 2004)","Identificada como Microlepidogaster sp. no levantamento ictiofaunístico do reservatório de Segredo (Garavello et al. 1997), essa espécie foi recentemente descrita como Epactionotus yasi. Porém, foi considerada como pertencente ao gênero Hisonotus, por corresponder mais à combinação de caracteres que define este gênero do que a Epactionotus (Baumgartenr et al. 2012, Lehmann 2006)." 186446,Scleromystax salmacis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Scleromystax,salmacis,,,,,"Britto & Reis, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186448,Trichomycterus reinhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,reinhardti,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)",Há exemplares identificados erroneamente como Trichomycterus reinhardti para as bacias do Alto Paraná e rios costeiros do leste do Brasil. 186449,Corydoras aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,aeneus,,,,,"(Gill, 1858)",Existe a possibilidade de se tratar de um complexo de espécies. 186451,Astyanax cremnobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,cremnobates,,,,,"Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186453,Leporinus octofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,octofasciatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1915",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186454,Imparfinis minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,minutus,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)","No Estado de São Paulo existe, além de Imparfinis mirini e I. schubarti, uma espécie costeira de Imparfinis (que vai do sul da Bahia até Santa Catarina), ainda não descrita, que é, por vezes, tratada erroneamente como I. minutus (F.A. Bockmann com. pess. 2011)." 186455,Oligosarcus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,acutirostris,,,,,"Menezes, 1987",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186457,Rineloricaria maacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,maacki,,,,,"Ingenito, Ghazzi, Duboc & Abilhoa, 2008","Semelhanças entre duas novas espécies do gênero Rineloricaria da bacia do rio Iguaçu e espécies das bacias dos rios Paraná e Uruguai também sugerem um relacionamento biogeográfico próximo entre a bacia do Paraná e outros rios costeiros brasileiros em toda a bacia do rio Iguaçu. Chama a atenção ao fato de que apesar da de existir uma diversidade e ampla distribuição do gênero, as descrições são antigas e incompletas para o gênero (Ingenito et al. 2008)." 186458,Pseudotothyris janeirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudotothyris,janeirensis,,,,,"Britski & Garavello, 1984",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186460,Aspidoras lakoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,lakoi,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1949",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186461,Deuterodon parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,parahybae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908",Lucena e Lucena (2002) colocaram esta espécie em incertae sedis em Characidae. Pereira (2010) estudou a filogenia dessas espécies e realocou Deuterodon parahybae em Deuterodon. 186464,Cyphocharax naegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,naegelii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186465,Otocinclus flexilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,flexilis,,,,,"Cope, 1894",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186466,Melanorivulus rutilicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,rutilicaudus,,,,,"(Costa, 2005)", 186467,Cichlasoma paranaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichlasoma,paranaense,,,,,"Kullander, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186468,Pseudocorynopoma heterandria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pseudocorynopoma,heterandria,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186469,Neoplecostomus granosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,granosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186471,Triportheus signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Triportheus,signatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1890)",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186473,Corydoras difluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,difluviatilis,,,,,"Britto & Castro, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186475,Pareiorhaphis garbei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,garbei,,,,,"(Ihering, 1911)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186477,Odontesthes piquava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Odontesthes,piquava,,,,,"Malabarba & Dyer, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186478,Lophiobrycon weitzmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Lophiobrycon,weitzmani,,,,,"Castro, Ribeiro, Benine & Melo, 2003", 186480,Hypsolebias brunoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,brunoi,,,,,"(Costa, 2003)",Esta espécie pertence ao clado denominado grupo Hypsolebias flavicaudatus (Costa 2003). 186481,Franciscodoras marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Franciscodoras,marmoratus,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186484,Pimelodella harttii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,harttii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)","O gênero Pimelodella é taxonomicamente confuso com vários morfotipos de difícil reconhecimento. A última revisão taxonômica do gênero (Eigenmann 1917) lista cinco espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesta revisão o autor assinala que há variação de uma série de características entre as espécies, o que suscita dúvidas quanto a sua identificação precisa das mesmas da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e rios costeiros, desde o sul do Rio de Janeiro até o rio São Francisco (inclusive)." 186485,Listrura tetraradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Listrura,tetraradiata,,,,,"Landim & Costa, 2002", 186486,Pachyurus francisci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,francisci,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 186487,Cetopsorhamdia iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Cetopsorhamdia,iheringi,,,,,"Schubart & Gomes, 1959",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186488,Trichomycterus santaeritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,santaeritae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)", 186492,Astyanax turmalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,turmalinensis,,,,,"Triques, Vono & Caiafa",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186493,Anablepsoides cearensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,cearensis,,,,,"(Costa & Vono, 2009)","Trata-se de espécie descrita recentemente, pertencente a um grupo exclusivo da Amazônia e Guianas, tendo sido, neste caso, coletado em um remanescente de floresta úmida na Caatinga. Estuda-se incluí-la em um novo gênero: Oditichthys (W.J.E.M. Costa, obs. pess.)." 186494,Simpsonichthys nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Simpsonichthys,nigromaculatus,,,,,"Costa, 2007", 186495,Chasmocranus truncatorostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,truncatorostris,,,,,"Borodin, 1927",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186496,Cnesterodon carnegiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Cnesterodon,carnegiei,,,,,"Haseman, 1911", 186497,Microglanis nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,nigripinnis,,,,,"Bizerril & Perez-Neto, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186498,Phalloceros lucenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,lucenorum,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186500,Cambeva diabola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,diabola,,,,,"(Bockmann, Casatti & de Pinna, 2004)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186502,Cnesterodon omorgmatos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Cnesterodon,omorgmatos,,,,,"Lucinda & Garavello, 2001", 186503,Cambeva paolence,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,paolence,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)", 186505,Astyanax vermilion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,vermilion,,,,,"Zanata & Camelier, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186506,Phenacorhamdia unifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phenacorhamdia,unifasciata,,,,,"Britski, 1993",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186510,Trichomycterus potschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,potschi,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2003","A diagnose de Trichomycterus potschi não justifica plenamente a sua diferenciação de T. vermiculatus, descrita anteriormente para o rio Paraíba do Sul, drenagem próxima à localidade tipo de T. potschi (W. Wosiacki, A. Datovo e M. Mehanna com. pess. 2013)." 186511,Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhina,brachyrhyncha,,,,,"Chamon, Aranda & Buckup, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186512,Lycengraulis grossidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Lycengraulis,grossidens,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1829)",This species is likely part of a species complex (Whitehead et al. 1988) 186513,Cynopoecilus fulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynopoecilus,fulgens,,,,,"Costa, 2002","Inclui Cynopoecilus multipapillatus, o qual é considerado um sinónimo." 186514,Characidium oiticicai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,oiticicai,,,,,"Travassos, 1967","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Essa espécie faz parte do grupo Characidium lauroi (Melo 2001), e difere das espécies do grupo pela ausência ou redução da nadadeira adiposa." 186516,Crenicichla maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,maculata,,,,,"Kullander & Lucena, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186517,Leptopanchax citrinipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Leptopanchax,citrinipinnis,,,,,"(Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki, 1988)", 186518,Planaltina myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Planaltina,myersi,,,,,"Böhlke, 1954",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186520,Centromochlus bockmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Centromochlus,bockmanni,,,,,"(Sarmento-Soares & Buckup, 2005)",Centromochlus bockmanni possivelmente é um complexo de espécies (Oficina de Avaliação 2011). 186521,Rineloricaria tropeira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,tropeira,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186522,Delturus parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Delturus,parahybae,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889", 186524,Leporinus marcgravii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,marcgravii,,,,,"Lütken, 1875",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186526,Pseudostegophilus paulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Pseudostegophilus,paulensis,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1918",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186527,Brycon nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,nattereri,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 186528,Australoheros barbosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,barbosae,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","Rícan et al. (2011) afirmaram que todas as espécies descritas do sudeste do Brasil (pertencente ao grupo de espécies A. autrani) são, de fato, membros da espécie A. facetus. Contudo, Ottoni (2012) apresentou algumas evidências contrárias a essa afirmação, porém como essa espécie até o momento é conhecida apenas do material-tipo não é possível afirmar se é válida ou não. Todas as espécies descritas por Ottoni e colaboradores de bacias costeiras necessitam de uma ampla revisão, visto que, os caracteres diagnósticos são extremamente frágeis e várias foram descritas com base em pequena quantidade de exemplares, e, ainda, vários desses eram jovens. Com isso não é possível afirmar quais as espécies válidas de Australoheros para as bacias costeiras." 186529,Platydoras brachylecis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Platydoras,brachylecis,,,,,"Piorski, Garavello, Arce H. & Sabaj Pérez, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186532,Phalloptychus iheringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloptychus,iheringii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186533,Prorivulus auriferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Prorivulus,auriferus,,,,,"Costa, Lima & Suzart, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186537,Otothyropsis marapoama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otothyropsis,marapoama,,,,,"Ribeiro, Carvalho & Melo, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186540,Synbranchus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Synbranchus,marmoratus,,,,,"Bloch, 1795", 186543,Astyanax hastatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,hastatus,,,,,"Myers, 1928",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186544,Astyanax taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,taeniatus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Tetragonopterus taeniatus Jenyns, 1842." 186546,Characidium heirmostigmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,heirmostigmata,,,,,"da Graça & Pavanelli, 2008", 186547,Cynolebias gilbertoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,gilbertoi,,,,,"Costa, 1998",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186549,Hemigrammus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,brevis,,,,,"Ellis, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186551,Cynolebias paraguassuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,paraguassuensis,,,,,"Costa, Suzart & Nielsen, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186552,Mimagoniates microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Mimagoniates,microlepis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186553,Gymnotus pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,pantherinus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1908)","De acordo com Crampton et al. (2003) o grupo de espécies Gymnotus pantherinus é representado por nove espécies distribuídas desde o Panamá até o Paraguai (Guiana – Rio Negro Superior, rio Orinoco, bacia Amazônica, bacia do Paraná-Paraguai e drenagens do Sudeste do Brasil). Além disso, existe a possibilidade dos indivíduos da Bahia e do Espírito se tratarem de outra espécie (Baroni 2010)." 186554,Australoheros taura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,taura,,,,,"Ottoni & Cheffe, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186557,Cambeva iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,iheringi,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Trichomycterus iheringi foi recentemente redescrita por (Wosiacki 2005). 186558,Phalloptychus eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloptychus,eigenmanni,,,,,"Henn, 1916", 186561,Spatuloricaria nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,nudiventris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186562,Hyphessobrycon boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,boulengeri,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Hemigrammus boulengeri Eigenmann 1907. 186563,Phalloceros ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,ocellatus,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186564,Nematocharax venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Nematocharax,venustus,,,,,"Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186566,Pimelodella laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,laurenti,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",Apresenta problemas de taxonomia por dificuldade de identificação decorrente da semelhança entre as espécies. 186567,Crenicichla hadrostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,hadrostigma,,,,,"Lucena, 2007", 186568,Trichomycterus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,nigricans,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1832",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186570,Curimatella lepidura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimatella,lepidura,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Curimatus lepidurus (Eigenmann e Eigenmann 1889). 186572,Odontesthes ledae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Odontesthes,ledae,,,,,"Malabarba & Dyer, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186573,Bergiaria westermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Bergiaria,westermanni,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)","Ferraris (2007), entre outros, considera Reinhardt como o autor da espécie B. westermanni. Aqui, a autoria de Luetken segue Britiski (2001) e Eschemeyer (2011). Além de Bergiaria westermanni, o gênero inclui B. platana Steindachner 1908 descrita de La Plata, Argentina e com status incerto. Ainda não há um estudos filogenéticos envolvendo os gêneros Bergiaria Eigenmann & Norris, 1901 e Iheringichthys Eigenmann & Norris 1900, (Azpelicueta e Britski 2012). Morfologicamente ambos só diferem pela presença, no primeiro, de dentes no osso pré-maxilar. Estudos citogenéticos mostram o compartilhamento do cromossoma B entre ambos os gêneros (Dias e Foresti 1990 e Dias e Foresti 1993 citados em Swarça et al. 2000). Mais uma razão para que o status do gênero Bergiaria deva ser investigado." 186575,Rineloricaria pentamaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,pentamaculata,,,,,"Langeani & de Araujo, 1994",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186576,Heptapterus sympterygium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Heptapterus,sympterygium,,,,,"Buckup, 1988",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186578,Deuterodon janeiroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,janeiroensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186580,Homodiaetus banguela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Homodiaetus,banguela,,,,,"Koch, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186582,Oligosarcus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,macrolepis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186583,Hyphessobrycon latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,latus,,,,,"Fowler, 1941","Hyphessobrycon latus é uma espécie inquirendae em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). Conforme nota de Heraldo Antônio Britski (janeiro de 1999) no frasco do holótipo, o holótipo de H. latus é um exemplar de Serrapinnus cf. piaba (Lütken, 1875), identificação confirmada por Carvalho (2011). Carvalho (2011) propõe a classificação de Hyphessobrycon latus como Serrapinnus piaba." 186584,Oligosarcus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,argenteus,,,,,"Günther, 1864",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186586,Glanidium cesarpintoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Glanidium,cesarpintoi,,,,,"Ihering, 1928","Presença de uma concavidade profunda no bordo do escudo ósseo da cabeça, na margem do neurocrânio, entre os ossos esfenótico e pterótico. Adulto atinge grandes dimensões (acima de 90 mm de comprimento padrão). Glanidium cesarpintoi é de difícil identificação, sendo necessária uma revisão." 186588,Myleus altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Myleus,altipinnis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1850)","Na bacia do rio São Francisco só existe uma espécie de pacu, que é identificada como Myleus micans. Assim, não há exemplares identificados como M. altipinnis. Essa incerteza taxonômica não permite a avaliação do estado de conservação da espécie (F.C.T. Lima com. pess. 2011)." 186589,Parotocinclus jumbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,jumbo,,,,,"Britski & Garavello, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186590,Jenynsia eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Haseman, 1911)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186591,Parotocinclus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,minutus,,,,,"Garavello, 1977",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186592,Glanidium ribeiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Glanidium,ribeiroi,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186595,Harttia loricariformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,loricariformis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1877",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186596,Harttia carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,carvalhoi,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1939",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186597,Delturus angulicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Delturus,angulicauda,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186598,Duopalatinus emarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Duopalatinus,emarginatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186599,Trichomycterus pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,pantherinus,,,,,"Alencar & Costa, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186600,Aspidoras carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,carvalhoi,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976","A diagnose de Aspidoras carvalhoi não é precisa, sendo a espécie de difícil identificação, o que compromete o conhecimento sobre sua distribuição, possíveis ameaças, entre outras características relevantes à avaliação do estado de conservação da mesma." 186602,Corydoras flaveolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,flaveolus,,,,,"Ihering, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186605,Hypsolebias virgulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,virgulatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 2006)", 186606,Oligosarcus planaltinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,planaltinae,,,,,"Menezes & Géry, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186611,Pimelodella lateristriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,lateristriga,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","O gênero Pimelodella é taxonomicamente confuso com vários morfotipos de difícil reconhecimento. A última revisão taxonômica do gênero (Eigenmann 1917) lista cinco espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesta revisão o autor assinala que há variação de uma série de características entre as espécies, o que suscita dúvidas quanto a sua identificação precisa das mesmas da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e rios costeiros, desde o sul do Rio de Janeiro até o rio São Francisco (inclusive)." 186612,Pseudancistrus genisetiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,genisetiger,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Lithoxancistrus genisetiger (Fowler 1941). 186613,Megaleporinus conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Megaleporinus,conirostris,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186615,Hysteronotus megalostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hysteronotus,megalostomus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911","Hysteronotus é um gênero monotípico, e tem H. megalostomus como sua espécie tipo. A espécie foi descrita por Eigenmann (1911) com base em exemplares coletados no rio da Velha, sua localidade tipo. A espécie foi considerada um membro da subfamília Glandulocaudinae, tribo Hysteronotini, devido a presença e morfologia de seu órgão na nadadeira caudal formado por tecido e escamas hipertrofiados (Weitzman e Menezes 1998). Atualmente ela é considerada membro da subfamília Stevardiinae, juntamente com a maioria dos antigos membros da subfamília Glandulocaudinae, e proximamente relacionada ao gênero Pseudocorynopoma (Ferreira et al. 2011, Weitzman e Menezes 1998, Weitzman et al. 2005)." 186616,Astyanax paranahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,paranahybae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911","Garutti e Britski (2000) e Vari e Castro (2007) questionam o posicionamento taxonômico da espécie em Astyanax devido à presença de quatro dentes na fileira interna do pré-maxilar e oito raios ramificados da nadadeira dorsal, características presentes na sub-família Stevardiinae (Characidae) como sugerido por Malabarba e Weitzman (2003). Essas características indicam que esta espécie provavelmente pertença aos gêneros Bryconamericus ou Piabina, que compartilham tais características, além da forma da cabeça e corpo com o holótipo de A. paranahybae. Langeani et al. (2005) comentam sobre a dentição incomum nesse exemplar, com algumas características que podem indicar que seja um exemplar anômalo composto apenas por dentes tricúspides que diminuem gradualmente de tamanho." 186617,Hypostomus ancistroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,ancistroides,,,,,"(Ihering, 1911)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186618,Leptopanchax aureoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Leptopanchax,aureoguttatus,,,,,"(Da Cruz, 1974)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186619,Delturus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Delturus,brevis,,,,,"Reis & Pereira, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186620,Pimelodus platicirris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,platicirris,,,,,"Borodin, 1927","O gênero Pimeodus apresenta, entre várias de suas espécies, problemas taxonômicos decorrentes da falta de caracteres identificadores únicos (Rocha e Pavanelli 2014)." 186621,Harttia kronei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,kronei,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1908",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186622,Rineloricaria jaraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,jaraguensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1909)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186625,Trichomycterus triguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,triguttatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)", 186626,Pimelodella witmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,witmeri,,,,,"Fowler, 1941","O gênero apresenta problemas taxonômicos associados a possíveis sinonímias e ao reconhecimento de suas espécies. Além disso, análises moleculares sugerem que a espécie seja sinônimo de Pimelodella dorseyi (T.P.A Ramos com. pess. 2013)." 186631,Hyphessobrycon vinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,vinaceus,,,,,"Bertaco, Malabarba & Dergam, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186632,Astyanax gymnodontus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,gymnodontus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1911)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do taxon. 186636,Trichomycterus auroguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,auroguttatus,,,,,"Costa, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186637,Astyanax goyacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,goyacensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908",Astyanax goyacensis pertence ao complexo A. bimaculatus. 186638,Cheirodon jaguaribensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,jaguaribensis,,,,,"Fowler , 1941","Espécie incertae sedis em Characidae, que segundo Reis et al. (2003) não deveria ser incluída em Cheirodon. Malabarba (1994) reconhece a espécie como não pertencente aos Cheirodontinae stricto sensu e sugere que seja um membro de Hemigrammus, tratando-o como Hemigrammus jaguaribensis. Carvalho (2011) ratifica a proposta de Malabarba (1994), e os dados filogenéticos apresentados sugerem a relação de Cheirodon jaguaribensis com um membro de Hemigrammus (H. parana) (Carvalho 2011) e, sugere a necessidade de revisão taxonômica." 186641,Psalidodon ojiara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Psalidodon,ojiara,,,,,"(Azpelicueta & Garcia, 2000)", 186642,Catathyridium jenynsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Catathyridium,jenynsii,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations 186643,Rineloricaria malabarbai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,malabarbai,,,,,"Rodriguez & Reis, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186645,Parotocinclus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,cristatus,,,,,"Garavello, 1977","Alguns indivíduos com abdômen coberto com mais de duas ou três séries de largas placas entre as séries laterais, classificados como Parotocinclus cristatus na bacia do rio Cachoeira, BA, podem indicar a ocorrência de uma nova espécie (H. Britski, com. pess. apud Cetra et al. 2010)." 186647,Hypostomus tietensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,tietensis,,,,,"(Ihering, 1905)", 186651,Trichomycterus trefauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,trefauti,,,,,"Wosiacki, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186652,Oligosarcus solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,solitarius,,,,,"Menezes, 1987",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186653,Trichomycterus mirissumba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,mirissumba,,,,,"Costa, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186654,Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,pantaneiro,,,,,"Menezes, 1992","There is overlap in the characteristics used to differentiate A. lacustris (Lütken) from other congeners, which could increase the difficultly of its identification." 186655,Bryconamericus microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,microcephalus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186657,Australoheros saquarema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,saquarema,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","A espécie e outras oito novas deste mesmo gênero, descritas por Ottoni e Costa (2008), têm como característica, que as diferencia de outras espécies do Sul do Brasil, a existência de número distinto de vértebras caudais em relação às demais espécies reconhecidas. São diferenciadas entre si pelo padrão colorido, formato do focinho e morfometria. Recomendam uma nova filogenia pelo fato das novas espécies apresentarem incongruências de caracteres com as demais espécies do gênero. As espécies do gênero Australoheros eram tratadas até recentemente como Cichlasoma facetum, esta amplamente distribuída do estado da Bahia, Brasil, ao Uruguai. Em 2008, foram descritas numerosas espécies dentro da amplitude de distribuição de C. facetum, com base em material-tipo de representatividade geográfica restrita." 186658,Kronichthys heylandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Kronichthys,heylandi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186661,Phallotorynus jucundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phallotorynus,jucundus,,,,,"Ihering, 1930", 186662,Oligobrycon microstomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligobrycon,microstomus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1915", 186664,Jenynsia diphyes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,diphyes,,,,,"Lucinda, Ghedotti & da Graça, 2006", 186665,Deuterodon rosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,rosae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1908)",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186667,Pimelodella wolfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,wolfi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)",O gênero Pimelodella apresenta problemas taxonômicos associados a possíveis sinonímias e ao reconhecimento de suas espécies. A dificuldade de identificação taxonômica gera incertezas na determinação destes táxons (T.P.A. Ramos com. pess. 2013). 186668,Characidium japuhybense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,japuhybense,,,,,"Travassos, 1949","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon, entretanto, pode pertencer a um complexo de espécies que envolvem também C. lauroi, C. oiticicai e C. schubarti. Nomes Antigos: Characidium japuhybensis (Travassos 1949)." 186669,Australoheros robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,robustus,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","A espécie e outras oito novas deste mesmo gênero, descritas por Ottoni e Costa (2008), têm como característica, que as diferencia de outras espécies do Sul do Brasil, a existência de número distinto de vértebras caudais em relação às demais espécies reconhecidas. São diferenciadas entre si pelo padrão colorido, formato do focinho e morfometria. Recomenda-se uma nova filogenia pelo fato das novas espécies apresentarem incongruências de caracteres com as demais espécies do gênero. As espécies do gênero Australoheros eram tratadas até recentemente como Cichlasoma facetum, esta amplamente distribuída do estado da Bahia, Brasil, ao Uruguai. Em 2008, foram descritas numerosas espécies dentro da amplitude de distribuição de C. facetum, com base em material-tipo de representatividade geográfica restrita." 186670,Parodon hilarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,hilarii,,,,,"Reinhardt, 1867","Pertencente ao “complexo Parodon suborbitalis” (sensu Pavanelli 1999), difere-se das congêneres de fora do “complexo” por apresentar uma faixa longitudinal escura em forma de ziguezague. Em relação às congêneres contidas no “complexo”, difere-se por apresentar a mandíbula relativamente mais estreita (Pavanelli 1999)." 186671,Rineloricaria kronei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,kronei,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)","Rineloricaria kronei é conhecida apenas do holótipo, que está desaparecido, proveniente do rio Iporanga, bacia do rio Ribeira de Iguape, São Paulo. Exemplares desta bacia têm sido identificados como possivelmente R. kronei. Contudo, inconsistências quanto à delimitação taxonômica da espécie não permitem sua adequada identificação." 186672,Trichomycterus pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,pauciradiatus,,,,,"Alencar & Costa, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186673,Austrolebias varzeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,varzeae,,,,,"Costa, Reis & Behr, 2004", 186677,Trachelyopterus lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,lacustris,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)","Trachelyopterus lacustris é provavelmente sinônima de Trachelyopterus galeatus (F.C.T. Lima com. pess. 2011). No entanto, como não há oficialmente essa informação até o momento, as duas espécie são consideradas válidas. Há ainda a possibilidade que essa espécie esteja sendo classificada como T. galeatus (R.E. Reis com. pess. 2011)." 186678,Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pterygoplichthys,etentaculatus,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Ancistrus longimanus (Kner 1854), Hypostoma etentaculatum (Spix e Agassiz 1829), Hypostomus brevitentaculatus (Ranzani 1841), Hypostomus duodecimalis (Valenciennes 1840)." 186679,Trichomycterus mimonha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,mimonha,,,,,"Costa, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186684,Spintherobolus leptoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Spintherobolus,leptoura,,,,,"Weitzman & Malabarba, 1999", 186685,Trichomycterus goeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,goeldii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Apresenta status taxonômico duvidoso, necessitando maiores amostragens para conclusões mais precisas.


" 186686,Aspidoras albater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,albater,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976",Não há sinonímias. A espécie faz parte da subfamília Corydoradinae. 186687,Aspidoras rochai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,rochai,,,,,"Ihering, 1907","Espécies de Aspidoras de bacias costeiras do Nordeste apresentam problemas taxonômicos, com vários morfótipos que não podem ser precisamente assinalados a espécies válidas." 186688,Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gymnogeophagus,gymnogenys,,,,,"(Hensel, 1870)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Geophagus camurus Cope, 1894, Geophagus gymnogenys Hensel, 1870, Geophagus pygmaeus Hensel, 1870." 186690,Trachelyopterus cratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,cratensis,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1937)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186692,Prochilodus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Prochilodus,brevis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1875",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186693,Deuterodon iguape,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,iguape,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1907",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186694,Pimelodella enochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,enochi,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",O gênero apresenta problemas taxonômicos associados a possíveis sinonímias e ao reconhecimento de suas espécies (T.P.A. Ramos com. pess. 2013). 186695,Ituglanis cahyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,cahyensis,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon, 2006", 186696,Cynolebias microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,microphthalmus,,,,,"Costa & Brasil, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186697,Creagrutus varii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,varii,,,,,"Ribeiro, Benine & Figueiredo, 2004", 186698,Hypostomus multidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,multidens,,,,,"Jerep, Shibatta & Zawadzki, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186700,Cambeva crassicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,crassicaudata,,,,,"(Wosiacki & de Pinna, 2008)", 186701,Characidium gomesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,gomesi,,,,,"Travassos, 1956",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186703,Pseudauchenipterus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Pseudauchenipterus,affinis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Nomes Antigos: Auchenipterus affinis Steindachner 1877. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186704,Hypostomus fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Schubart, 1964)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186705,Serrapinnus piaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,piaba,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186706,Glandulocauda caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Glandulocauda,caerulea,,,,,"Menezes & Weitzman, 2009","Glandulocauda caerulea is a replacement name for Glandulocauda melanopleura Eigenmann 1911, secondarily preoccupied in Glandulocauda by Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis 1911 (Menezes and Weitzman 2009)." 186707,Rhamdioglanis frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdioglanis,frenatus,,,,,"Ihering, 1907","Existe problema taxonômico, Rhamdioglanis frenatus e R. transfasciatus devem ser a mesma espécie, mas mesmo que exista esse problema, a espécie não tem problemas em termos de conservação. R. transfasciatus seria sinônimo de R. frenatus." 186708,Otocinclus xakriaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,xakriaba,,,,,"Schaefer, 1997",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186709,Phalloceros aspilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,aspilos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008","Conhecida como Phalloceros caudimaculatus antes da revisão de Lucinda (2008). Este mesmo autor, antes de publicar a revisão de espécies do gênero Phalloceros disponibilizou sua tese de doutorado onde a espécie era tratada como Phalloceros sp. “G” Lucinda e Reis (2005)." 186712,Hyphessobrycon griemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,griemi,,,,,"Hoedeman, 1957",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186713,Brachyhypopomus janeiroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,janeiroensis,,,,,"(Costa & Campos-da-Paz, 1992)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186714,Deuterodon supparis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,supparis,,,,,"Lucena & Lucena, 1992",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 186717,Psectrogaster rhomboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Psectrogaster,rhomboides,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186718,Trichomycterus itacarambiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,itacarambiensis,,,,,"Trajano & de Pinna, 1996", 186719,Hemiancistrus chlorostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,chlorostictus,,,,,"Cardoso & Malabarba, 1999",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186720,Phenacorhamdia tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phenacorhamdia,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Schubart, 1964)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186721,Hisonotus leucofrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,leucofrenatus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186722,Glanidium albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Glanidium,albescens,,,,,"Lütken, 1874",Glanidium albescens é uma espécie mal definida e provavelmente trata-se de um complexo de espécies (R.E. Reis com. pess. 2011). 186723,Ancistrus salgadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,salgadae,,,,,"Fowler, 1941","Espécie inquerenda em Loricariidae (Ferraris 2007) e incertae sedis em Loricariidae (Reis et al. 2003). Em trabalho mais recente, Taphorn et al. (2013) afirmam que o holótipo seria Hypostomus, com base em fotografias disponíveis no website ‘All Catfish Species Inventory’, e que a espécie deveria ser reconhecida como Hypostomus salgadae. Nomes Antigos: Peckoltia salgadae (Fowler 1941)." 186724,Hisonotus francirochai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,francirochai,,,,,"(Ihering, 1928)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186725,Andromakhe paris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Andromakhe,paris,,,,,"(Azpelicueta, Almirón & Casciotta, 2002)", 186726,Aspidoras depinnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,depinnai,,,,,"Britto, 2000",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186729,Leporellus retropinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporellus,retropinnis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1922)","Leporinodus retropinnis foi descrita em Leporinodus Eigenmann, 1922 e incluída na sinonímia de Leporellus posteriormente. Leporellus retropinnis é considerada por Géry (1977) como possível sinônima de L. pictus e por Garavello e Britsky (2003) como possível sinônima de L. vittatus." 186730,Pachyurus squamipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,squamipinnis,,,,,"Agassiz, 1831","Last revision was published by Casatti (2001), who proposed to use the name Pachyurus squamipinnis instead of P. squamipennis, in order to maintain the stability of the most used name (article 33.2, ICZN). Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Updated July 1, 2019) stated that Jordan & Eigenmann 1889:410 regarded the spelling squamipennis as a misprint; squamipinnis Jordan & Eigenmann is an unjustified emendation (contrary to the discussion in Casatti 2001). We here follow Casatti (2001) in regarding the valid name for this species as Pachyurus squamipinnis Agassiz 1831." 186731,Kryptolebias gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Kryptolebias,gracilis,,,,,"Costa, 2007", 186735,Melanorivulus giarettai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,giarettai,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186736,Crenicichla menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,menezesi,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186738,Australoheros ribeirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,ribeirae,,,,,"Ottoni, Oyakawa & Costa, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186739,Atlantirivulus lazzarotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,lazzarotoi,,,,,"(Costa, 2007)", 186741,Parotocinclus maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,maculicauda,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Otocinclus maculicauda Steindachner, 1877, Parotocinclus steindachneri Di Caporiacco 1948." 186743,Cyphocharax vanderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,vanderi,,,,,"(Britski, 1980)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186746,Aspidoras psammatides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,psammatides,,,,,"Britto, Lima & Santos, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186747,Campellolebias dorsimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Campellolebias,dorsimaculatus,,,,,"Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1989", 186748,Hisonotus depressicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,depressicauda,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186751,Trachelyopterus coriaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,coriaceus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 186752,Eigenmannia microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,microstoma,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1852)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186753,Hisonotus nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,nigricauda,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186754,Bunocephalus larai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,larai,,,,,"Ihering, 1930",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186756,Cyanocharax itaimbe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cyanocharax,itaimbe,,,,,"Malabarba & Weitzman, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186757,Rineloricaria cubataonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,cubataonis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)","Rineloricaria cubataonis é conhecida somente do holótipo, que está perdido, proveniente do rio Cubatão (Ferraris Jr. 2003). Provavelmente, R. cubataonis é sinônimo de R. henselii (M.S. Ghazzi com. pess. 2013)." 186758,Parotocinclus bidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,bidentatus,,,,,"Gauger & Buckup, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186759,Phallotorynus pankalos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phallotorynus,pankalos,,,,,"Lucinda, Rosa & Reis, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186760,Hyphessobrycon piabinhas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,piabinhas,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",Existem dúvidas quanto à validade taxonômica de Hyphessobrycon piabinhas. 186763,Ancistrus brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,brevipinnis,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186764,Psalidodon leonidas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Psalidodon,leonidas,,,,,"(Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002)", 186765,Hemiancistrus meizospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,meizospilos,,,,,"Cardoso & da Silva, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186766,Pareiorhaphis steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,steindachneri,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Hemipsilichthys luderwaldti (Miranda Ribeiro 1918), Hemipsilichthys steindachneri (Miranda Ribeiro 1918, Pseudancistrus luderwaldti (Miranda Ribeiro 1918)." 186767,Hypostomus variipictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,variipictus,,,,,"(Ihering, 1911)","Hypostomus variipictus é conhecida apenas do holótipo, coletado no rio Pardo, próximo a Barretos, estado de São Paulo, bacia do alto rio Paraná e suspeita-se que não seja válida." 186769,Megalancistrus barrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Megalancistrus,barrae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1910)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186770,Rineloricaria latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,latirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Loricaria paulina (Boulenger 1900). 186772,Schizolecis guntheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Schizolecis,guntheri,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Deve-se considerar a ocorrência de albinismo de Schizolecis guntheri, indivíduos capturados no rio Bonito na bacia do rio Macaé, RJ (Brito e Caramaschi 2005)." 186774,Cambeva castroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,castroi,,,,,"(de Pinna, 1992)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186775,Trichomycterus alternatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,alternatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186777,Stegophilus insidiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Stegophilus,insidiosus,,,,,"Reinhardt, 1859",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186780,Serrasalmus brandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,brandtii,,,,,"Lütken, 1875","Não há revisão taxonômica recente das piranhas, mas Serrasalmus brandtii é uma espécie bastante distinta, mais similar morfologicamente à S. marginatus da bacia platina do que a qualquer outra piranha (F.C.T. Lima com. pess. 2011). Uma recente filogenia molecular, no entanto, considera a espécie S. medinai, da bacia do rio Orinoco, mais próxima a ela (Hubert et al. 2007)." 186781,Steindachnerina insculpta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,insculpta,,,,,"(Fernández-Yépez, 1948)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186782,Australoheros macacuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,macacuensis,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","Rícan et al. (2011) afirmaram que todas as espécies descritas do sudeste do Brasil (pertencente ao grupo de espécies A. autrani) são, de fato, membros da espécie A. facetus. Contudo, Ottoni (2012) apresentou algumas evidências contrárias a essa afirmação, porém como essa espécie até o momento é conhecida apenas do material-tipo não é possível afirmar se é válida ou não. Todas as espécies descritas por Ottoni e colaboradores de bacias costeiras necessitam de uma ampla revisão, visto que, os caracteres diagnósticos são extremamente frágeis e várias foram descritas com base em pequena quantidade de exemplares, e, ainda, vários desses eram jovens. Com isso, não é possível afirmar quais as espécies válidas de Australoheros para as bacias costeiras." 186785,Trichomycterus albinotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,albinotatus,,,,,"Costa, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186786,Pygocentrus piraya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Pygocentrus,piraya,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1819)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Serrasalmo ferox (Swainson 1838), Serrasalmo piranha (Spix e Agassiz 1829), Serrasalmus piraya (Cuvier 1819)." 186787,Astyanax henseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,henseli,,,,,"de Melo & Buckup, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186788,Crenicichla tesay,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,tesay,,,,,"Casciotta & Almirón, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Crenicichla tesay foi descrita recentemente por Casciotta e Almirón (2008) e uma revisão taxonômica desta foi realizada no contexto das espécies das bacias do rio Paraná e Paraguai por Varella (2011). Na referida revisão houve a ampliação da distribuição geográfica da espécie em outras localidades da bacia do rio Iguaçu. 186789,Hyphessobrycon parvellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,parvellus,,,,,"Ellis, 1911","Lima e Gerhard (2001) sugerem uma detalhada redescrição de Hyphessobrycon parvellus, assim que maior quantidade de exemplares possam ser obtidos (Zanata e Camelier 2010) também chamam a atenção para uma definição mais precisa da espécie e (Carvalho 2011) comenta que H. parvellus necessita de revisão taxonômica." 186790,Hypsolebias stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,stellatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 1994)", 186794,Hasemania nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,nana,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186795,Hypsolebias antenori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,antenori,,,,,"(Tulipano, 1973)","Esta espécie pertence ao clado denominado grupo de espécies S. antenori (Costa, 2006). Nomes Antigos: Cynolebias heloplites (Huber 1981)." 186796,Trichomycterus jacupiranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,jacupiranga,,,,,"Wosiacki & Oyakawa, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186797,Pamphorichthys pertapeh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pamphorichthys,pertapeh,,,,,"Figueiredo, 2008", 186798,Moenkhausia diamantina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,diamantina,,,,,"Benine, Castro & Santos, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186799,Delturus carinotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Delturus,carinotus,,,,,"(La Monte, 1933)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186801,Pareiorhaphis cameroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,cameroni,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186802,Astyanax brachypterygium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,brachypterygium,,,,,"Bertaco & Malabarba, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186803,Myxiops aphos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Myxiops,aphos,,,,,"Zanata & Akama, 2004",Espécie incertae sedis em Characidae (Zanata e Akama 2004). 186804,Bryconamericus patriciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,patriciae,,,,,"da Silva, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186805,Trichomycterus caudofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,caudofasciatus,,,,,"Alencar & Costa, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186807,Crenicichla tingui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,tingui,,,,,"Kullander & Lucena, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186810,Trichomycterus itacambirussu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,itacambirussu,,,,,"Triques & Vono, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186811,Phalloceros leptokeras,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,leptokeras,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008","Conhecida como Phalloceros caudimaculatus antes da revisão de Lucinda (2008). Este mesmo autor, antes de publicar a revisão de espécies do gênero Phalloceros disponibilizou sua tese de doutorado onde a espécie era tratada como Phalloceros sp. “F” Lucinda e Reis (2005). A revisão taxonômica das espécies de Phalloceros (Lucinda 2008) é baseada exclusivamente em variações morfológicas em machos e fêmeas e delimitou 22 espécies. Contudo, a proximidade geográfica de diversas espécies que ocorrem em alguns casos em sintopia, demanda uma avaliação mais detalhada da biologia destes peixes em algumas situações em particular." 186812,Bryconamericus megalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,megalepis,,,,,"Fowler, 1941","O exame do material-tipo revelou que o material pertence a outra espécie, Compsura sp. Os estudos estão sendo realizados por Fernando Jerep (F. R. Carvalho com. pess.)." 186813,Pseudopimelodus charus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Pseudopimelodus,charus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186814,Pareiorhaphis stomias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,stomias,,,,,"(Pereira & Reis, 2002)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186815,Isbrueckerichthys duseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Isbrueckerichthys,duseni,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186817,Australoheros macaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,macaensis,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","Rícan et al. (2011) afirmaram que todas as espécies descritas do sudeste do Brasil (pertencente ao grupo de espécies A. autrani) são, de fato, membros da espécie A. facetus. Contudo, Ottoni (2012) apresentou algumas evidências contrárias a essa afirmação, porém como essa espécie até o momento é conhecida apenas do material-tipo não é possível afirmar se é válida ou não. Todas as espécies descritas por Ottoni e colaboradores de bacias costeiras necessitam de uma ampla revisão, visto que, os caracteres diagnósticos são extremamente frágeis e várias foram descritas com base em pequena quantidade de exemplares, e, ainda, vários desses eram jovens. Com isso, não é possível afirmar quais as espécies válidas de Australoheros para as bacias costeiras." 186818,Hemipsilichthys nimius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemipsilichthys,nimius,,,,,"Pereira, Reis, Souza & Lazzarotto, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186819,Phenacogaster calverti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,calverti,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186820,Lignobrycon myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Lignobrycon,myersi,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1956)","Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). Lignobrycon myersi é espécie-irmão de L. lignithicus, espécie fóssil descrita da bacia de Taubaté (depositada há 30-25 milhões de anos), na porção leste do Estado de São Paulo (Castro e Jucá-Chagas 2008)." 186821,Pimelodella pectinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,pectinifer,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888","O gênero Pimelodella é taxonomicamente confuso com vários morfotipos de difícil reconhecimento. A última revisão taxonômica do gênero (Eigenmann 1917) lista cinco espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesta revisão o autor assinala que há variação de uma série de características entre as espécies, o que suscita dúvidas quanto a sua identificação precisa das mesmas da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e rios costeiros, desde o sul do Rio de Janeiro até o rio São Francisco (inclusive)." 186822,Atlantirivulus santensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,santensis,,,,,"(Köhler, 1906)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Atlantirivulus santensis se trata de um grupamento de espécies bem definido e isolado geograficamente, endêmico do leste do Brasil, vivendo em ambiente de Mata Atlântica, anteriormente conhecido como grupo de espécies Rivulus santensis (Costa 2008). Nomes Antigos: Rivulus elegans var. santensis (Köhler 1906), Rivulus rachovii (Ahl 1925), Rivulus santensis (Köhler 1906)." 186824,Prochilodus costatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Prochilodus,costatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186825,Melanorivulus formosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,formosensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186826,Cynolebias vazabarrisensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,vazabarrisensis,,,,,"Costa, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186827,Neoplecostomus corumba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,corumba,,,,,"Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186828,Otothyris travassosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otothyris,travassosi,,,,,"Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186833,Hypsolebias trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,trilineatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 1994)", 186834,Characidium lauroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,lauroi,,,,,"Travassos, 1949",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186835,Hemiancistrus megalopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,megalopteryx,,,,,"Cardoso, 2004", 186836,Schizodon borellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,borellii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)",Schizodon borellii é possivelmente um complexo de espécies (J.L.O. Birindelli com. pess.). Graça e Pavanelli (2007) apontam a semelhança entre Schizodon borellii e Schizodon intermedius. 186837,Crenicichla britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,britskii,,,,,"Kullander, 1982",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186846,Rineloricaria nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,nigricauda,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186847,Brycon insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,insignis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1877", 186848,Pimelodella dorseyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,dorseyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",O gênero apresenta problemas taxonômicos associados a possíveis sinonímias e ao reconhecimento de suas espécies (T.P.A. Ramos com. pess. 2013). 186849,Brycon vermelha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,vermelha,,,,,"Lima & Castro, 2000", 186850,Rhamdella eriarcha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdella,eriarcha,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186852,Atlantirivulus luelingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,luelingi,,,,,"(Seegers, 1984)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186853,Pareiorhaphis azygolechis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,azygolechis,,,,,"(Pereira & Reis, 2002)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186854,Hemigrammus parana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,parana,,,,,"Marinho, Carvalho, Langeani & Tatsumi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186857,Hypostomus heraldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,heraldoi,,,,,"Zawadzki, Weber & Pavanelli, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186859,Hypsolebias adornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,adornatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2000)", 186860,Leporinus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,taeniatus,,,,,"Lütken, 1875",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186861,Trichomycterus candidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,candidus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1949)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186862,Parotocinclus bahiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,bahiensis,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186863,Gymnogeophagus lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gymnogeophagus,lacustris,,,,,"Reis & Malabarba, 1988",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186865,Hypostomus scabriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,scabriceps,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186866,Hypostomus agna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,agna,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186867,Loricariichthys derbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,derbyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1915",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186869,Trichomycterus pradensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,pradensis,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186870,Deuterodon stigmaturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,stigmaturus,,,,,"(Gomes, 1947)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186872,Atlantirivulus unaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,unaensis,,,,,"(Costa & De Luca, 2009)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186873,Hypsolebias auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,auratus,,,,,"(Costa & Nielsen, 2000)", 186877,Apareiodon ibitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,ibitiensis,,,,,"Amaral Campos, 1944",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186878,Psalidodon fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Psalidodon,fasciatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1819)","Although it has been reported from many places in the Neotropics, according to current taxonomic theory, this species does not occur in the Orinoco River Basin. It was recently studied by Teran et al. (2020) who separated it out as a species endemic to just the Sao Francisco River drainage in Brazil. The similar species found in other places are currently considered either undescribed, or in some cases they will receive the names once considered synonyms of P. fasciatus, but this has not yet been resolved." 186879,Hyphessobrycon balbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,balbus,,,,,"Myers, 1927",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186881,Atlantirivulus jurubatibensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,jurubatibensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186882,Atlantirivulus riograndensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,riograndensis,,,,,"(Costa & Lanés, 2009)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186883,Rineloricaria langei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,langei,,,,,"Ingenito, Ghazzi, Duboc & Abilhoa, 2008","Semelhanças entre duas novas espécies do gênero Rineloricaria da bacia do rio Iguaçu e espécies das bacias dos rios Paraná e Uruguai também sugerem um relacionamento biogeográfico próximo entre a bacia do Paraná e outros rios costeiros brasileiros em toda a bacia do rio Iguaçu. Chama a atenção ao fato de que apesar da de existir uma diversidade e ampla distribuição do gênero, as descrições são antigas e incompletas para o gênero (Ingenito et al. 2008)." 186884,Phenacogaster franciscoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,franciscoensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A localidade-tipo de Phenacogaster franciscoensis da descrição original que é citada como “Boqueiras, próximo à foz do rio Porto” (Eigenmann 1911) foi retificada para “foz do rio Preto, Boqueirão, rio Grande, bacia do rio São Francisco, Brasil” (Malabarba e Lucena 1995)." 186885,Hemiodus parnaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEMIODONTIDAE,Hemiodus,parnaguae,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1916",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Hemiodus rodolphoi (Fowler 1941). 186887,Astyanax scabripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,scabripinnis,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)","As espécies do “complexo Astyanax scabripinnis” compartilham um número reduzido de raios ramificados da nadadeira anal, altura do corpo reduzida, cabeça e corpo robustos, focinho curto e cônico, presença de uma ou duas máculas umerais e uma faixa longitudinal negra, mediolateral, que se estende até a extremidade dos raios medianos da nadadeira caudal (Bertaco e Lucena 2006). Astyanax scabripinnis foi recentemente redescrita por Oliveira (2017) e sua distribuição ampliada para toda a extensão costeira, desde a Lagoa Mirim no Uruguai até o Estado do Espírito Santo." 186888,Hypostomus topavae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,topavae,,,,,"(Godoy, 1969)","Hypostomus topavae é descrita da Cachoeira de Emas, bacia do rio Mogi-Guaçu, SP. Porém o material-tipo está em coleção particular inacessível à consulta, o que gera incertezas quanto à identificação da espécie." 186891,Jenynsia eirmostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,eirmostigma,,,,,"Ghedotti & Weitzman, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186892,Cyphocharax gilbert,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,gilbert,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186893,Astyanax giton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,giton,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186894,Hasemania hanseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,hanseni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1949)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Böhlke (1958) redescreveu a espécie. 186896,Acestrorhynchus lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,lacustris,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)","There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation." 186898,Melanorivulus rossoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,rossoi,,,,,"(Costa, 2005)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186900,Melanorivulus illuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,illuminatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2007)", 186901,Bryconamericus turiuba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,turiuba,,,,,"Langeani, Lucena, Pedrini & Tarelho-Pereira, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186902,Hasemania crenuchoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,crenuchoides,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 1999", 186903,Phalloceros malabarbai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,malabarbai,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186904,Characidium xanthopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,xanthopterum,,,,,"Silveira, Langeani, da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186905,Megaleporinus reinhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Megaleporinus,reinhardti,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186906,Pamphorichthys hollandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pamphorichthys,hollandi,,,,,"(Henn, 1916)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186908,Hemiancistrus punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,punctulatus,,,,,"Cardoso & Malabarba, 1999",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186910,Platanichthys platana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Platanichthys,platana,,,,,"(Regan, 1917)", 186911,Mimagoniates lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Mimagoniates,lateralis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1913)", 186912,Trichomycterus jequitinhonhae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,jequitinhonhae,,,,,"Triques & Vono, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186913,Gymnotus chimarrao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,chimarrao,,,,,"Cognato, Richer-de-Forges, Albert & Crampton, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186914,Pseudotatia parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Pseudotatia,parva,,,,,"Mees, 1974","Parece ser uma espécie rara, entretanto, esse fato pode ocorrer por conta de problemas taxonômicos (R.E. Reis com. pess. 2011)." 186915,Hypsolebias magnificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,magnificus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 1991)",Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon:Cynolebias magnificus (Costa e Brasil 1991); Simpsonichthys magnificus (Costa e Brasil 1991). 186916,Cambeva zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,zonata,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186918,Pimelodella itapicuruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,itapicuruensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917","O gênero Pimelodella é taxonomicamente confuso com vários morfotipos de difícil reconhecimento (T.P.A. Ramos com. pess. 2013). Os últimos estudos listam três espécies (P. harttii, P. lateristriga e P. itapicuruensis) para o estado da Bahia, indicando que há variação de uma série de características entre as espécies, o que suscita dúvidas quanto às identificações." 186920,Schizodon jacuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,jacuiensis,,,,,"Bergmann, 1988",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186921,Hypomasticus thayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Hypomasticus,thayeri,,,,,"(Borodin, 1929)", 186923,Pareiorhaphis eurycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,eurycephalus,,,,,"(Pereira & Reis, 2002)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186924,Pareiorhaphis stephanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,stephanus,,,,,"(Oliveira & Oyakawa, 1999)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186925,Phalloceros tupinamba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,tupinamba,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Conhecida como Phalloceros caudimaculatus antes da revisão de Lucinda (2008). Este mesmo autor, antes de publicar a revisão de espécies do gênero Phalloceros disponibilizou sua tese de doutorado onde a espécie era tratada como Phalloceros sp. “E” Lucinda e Reis (2005)." 186926,Astyanax microschemos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,microschemos,,,,,"Bertaco & Lucena, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186927,Hisonotus laevior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,laevior,,,,,"Cope, 1894","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Hisonotus leptochilus  (Cope 1894), Hisonotus leptochilus  (Cope 1894), Microlepidogaster laevior (Cope 1894), Microlepidogaster leptochilus (Cope 1894), Otocinclus laevior (Cope 1894), Otocinclus leptochilus (Cope1894)." 186931,Rhamdella exsudans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdella,exsudans,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)","Segundo Bockmann e Miquelarena (2008), Rhamdella é considerado o grupo irmão de um grande clado heptapteridae composto do subclado Nemuroglanis junto aos gêneros Brachyglanis, Gladioglanis, Leptorhamdia e Myoglanis. Rhamdella é limitada a cinco espécies válidas: R. aymarae, R. cainguae, R. eriarcha, R. longiuscula e R. rusbyi." 186932,Deuterodon pedri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,pedri,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908",Lucena e Lucena (2002) colocaram esta espécie em incertae sedis em Characidae. Pereira (2010) estudou a filogenia dessas espécies e realocou Deuterodon pedri em Deuterodon. 186933,Rineloricaria anhaguapitan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,anhaguapitan,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186934,Isbrueckerichthys epakmos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Isbrueckerichthys,epakmos,,,,,"Pereira & Oyakawa, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186935,Rineloricaria aequalicuspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,aequalicuspis,,,,,"Reis & Cardoso, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186936,Pseudauchenipterus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Pseudauchenipterus,flavescens,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186937,Characidium orientale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,orientale,,,,,"Buckup & Reis, 1997",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186940,Hypostomus auroguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,auroguttatus,,,,,"Kner, 1854",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186942,Astyanax totae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,totae,,,,,"Ferreira Haluch & Abilhoa, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186943,Bryconamericus lambari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,lambari,,,,,"Malabarba & Kindel, 1995", 186946,Aspidoras virgulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,virgulatus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1980",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186947,Simpsonichthys zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Simpsonichthys,zonatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 1990)", 186948,Parodon moreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,moreirai,,,,,"Ingenito & Buckup, 2005","Os autores Bellafronte et al. (2011) com base em seus resultados propõem que A. affinis, P. moreirai, P. hilarii, P. nasus e P. pongoensis formam um clado diferenciado em Parodontidae em relação às outras espécies de Apareiodon estudados até agora." 186952,Hypsolebias nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,nielseni,,,,,"(Costa, 2005)",Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon:Simpsonichthys nielseni (Costa 2005). 186953,Isbrueckerichthys alipionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Isbrueckerichthys,alipionis,,,,,"(Gosline, 1947)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186954,Harttia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,gracilis,,,,,"Oyakawa, 1993",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186956,Scleromystax prionotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Scleromystax,prionotos,,,,,"(Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1980)","Não se trata de um táxon críptico ou de difícil coleta, embora haja indicativo de tratar-se de um complexo de espécies (M.R. Britto com. pess.)." 186957,Pareiorhaphis nudulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,nudulus,,,,,"(Reis & Pereira, 1999)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Hemipsilichthys nudulus (Reis e Pereira 1999), Pareiorhaphis nudulus (Reis e Pereira 1999)." 186960,Cambeva concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,concolor,,,,,"(Costa, 1992)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186961,Orthospinus franciscensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Orthospinus,franciscensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1914)","A espécie foi originalmente descrita por Eigenmann (1914) no gênero Fowlerina Eigenmann. Entretanto, o gênero Fowlerina já estava previamente ocupado por uma espécie de molusco, e Fowler (1913) transferiu os membros do gênero Fowlerina para um novo gênero chamado Ephippicharax. A mesma espécie foi novamente descrita como Ephippicharax franciscensis por Eigenmann e Myers (1929), provavelmente um equívoco na tentativa de propor uma nova combinação de nomes. Reis (1989) revisou os membros da família Stethaprioninae e propôs o gênero Orthospinus para abrigar a espécie, bem como considerou Buritia cisalpinoi  (Brant, 1974) como um sinônimo júnior de Orthospinus franciscensis. Neste mesmo trabalho sobre a sistemática da subfamília, Reis (1989) encontrou Orthospinus franciscensis como grupo irmão dos gêneros Brachychalcinus + Stethaprion. As relações do gênero também foram investigadas com ferramentas moleculares por Oliveira et al. (2011), que encontraram a subfamília Stethaprioninae monofilética dentro da família Characidae, onde Brachychalcinus é grupo irmão de um clado polifilético composto pelos gêneros Stethaprion, Orthospinus e Poptella. Nomes Antigos: Buritia cisalpinoi Brant, 1974, Ephippicharax franciscoensis  Eigenmann, 1929, Fowlerina franciscensis Eigenmann, 1914." 186963,Heptapterus stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Heptapterus,stewarti,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186965,Bunocephalus doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,doriae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

186966,Jenynsia sanctaecatarinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,sanctaecatarinae,,,,,"Ghedotti & Weitzman, 1996", 186967,Hyphessobrycon flammeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,flammeus,,,,,"Myers, 1924","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Hyphessobrycon flammeus é confundida, por vezes, com H. griemi (F.R. Carvalho e F.C.T. Lima com. pess. 2012) e com H. bifasciatus (Carvalho et al. 2014)." 186968,Pseudauchenipterus jequitinhonhae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Pseudauchenipterus,jequitinhonhae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186969,Crenicichla iguapina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,iguapina,,,,,"Kullander & Lucena, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186972,Phalloceros titthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,titthos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186973,Phalloceros harpagos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,harpagos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186976,Rineloricaria cadeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,cadeae,,,,,"(Hensel, 1868)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186977,Hypostomus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,brevis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1919)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186979,Psalidodon ita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Psalidodon,ita,,,,,"(Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta, 2002)", 186981,Pareiorhaphis splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,splendens,,,,,"(Bizerril, 1995)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186982,Atlantirivulus haraldsiolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,haraldsiolii,,,,,"(Berkenkamp, 1984)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186983,Corydoras nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,nattereri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1876",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186984,Xenurolebias izecksohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Xenurolebias,izecksohni,,,,,"(Da Cruz, 1983)", 186986,Pimelodella meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,meeki,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1910","Há dúvidas sobre a validade da espécie e não existem dados suficientes sobre a distribuição, tamanho ou tendência populacional de Pimelodella meeki." 186987,Bryconamericus ornaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,ornaticeps,,,,,"Bizerril & Perez-Neto, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186988,Hypsolebias mediopapillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,mediopapillatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2006)",Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon:Simpsonichthys mediopapillatus (Costa 2006). 186989,Cyphocharax santacatarinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,santacatarinae,,,,,"(Fernández-Yépez, 1948)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186991,Cnesterodon hypselurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Cnesterodon,hypselurus,,,,,"Lucinda & Garavello, 2001", 186994,Australoheros paraibae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,paraibae,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","Rícan et al. (2011) afirmaram que todas as espécies descritas do sudeste do Brasil (pertencente ao grupo de espécies A. autrani) são, de fato, membros da espécie A. facetus. Contudo, Ottoni (2012) apresentou algumas evidências contrárias a essa afirmação, porém como essa espécie até o momento é conhecida apenas do material-tipo não é possível afirmar se é válida ou não. Todas as espécies descritas por Ottoni e colaboradores de bacias costeiras necessitam de uma ampla revisão, visto que, os caracteres diagnósticos são extremamente frágeis e várias foram descritas com base em pequena quantidade de exemplares, e, ainda, vários desses eram jovens. Com isso, não é possível afirmar quais são as espécies válidas de Australoheros para as bacias costeiras." 186995,Pimelodella rudolphi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,rudolphi,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1918",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186996,Bryconamericus lethostigmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,lethostigmus,,,,,"(Gomes, 1947)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 186998,Austrolebias nigrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,nigrofasciatus,,,,,"Costa & Cheffe, 2001", 187000,Hasemania melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,melanura,,,,,"Ellis, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187001,Homodiaetus passarellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Homodiaetus,passarellii,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1944)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187002,Kronichthys subteres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Kronichthys,subteres,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1908",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187004,Acinocheirodon melanogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acinocheirodon,melanogramma,,,,,"Malabarba & Weitzman, 1999","Acinocheirodon melanogramma é a única espécie integrante do gênero Acinocheirodon. A primeira diagnose da espécie foi feita por Malabarba (1998) no primeiro trabalho que definiu com ferramentas cladísticas a subfamília Cheirodontinae. Neste trabalho A. melanogramma, tratado como “New Genus and Species B”, foi definido como um membro da tribo Compsurini (Malabarba 1998). Indivíduos de Acinocheirodon melanogramma são comumente confundidos e erroneamente identificados como Serrapinnus heterodon, um outro queirodontíneo mais comum e abundante que também habita a bacia do rio São Francisco. Porém machos maduros de S. heterodon não possuem abas dérmicas, ganchos nos raios caudais ou uma quilha na margem ventral do lobo inferior da nadadeira caudal, como presente em A. melanogramma. Na descrição original da espécie, Malabarba e Weitzman (1999) reconheceram duas populações de A. melanogramma, uma da bacia do rio São Francisco e outra da bacia do rio Jequitinhonha. Os autores observaram diferenças morfológicas tênues entre as duas populações, e por precaução utilizaram somente exemplares da bacia do rio São Francisco na série típica. Os exemplares da bacia do rio Jequitinhonha foram identificados no devido trabalho como A. cf. melanogramma (Malabarba e Weitzman 1999)." 187005,Bagropsis reinhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Bagropsis,reinhardti,,,,,"Lütken, 1874", 187006,Otothyris juquiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otothyris,juquiae,,,,,"Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998", 187008,Otothyris lophophanes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otothyris,lophophanes,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Microlepidogaster lophophanes (Eigenmann e Eigenmann 1889), Otocinclus cephalacanthus (Miranda Ribeiro 1911), Otocinclus lophophanes (Eigenmann e Eigenmann 1889), Otothyris canaliferus (Myers 1927), Rhinelepis lophophanes (Eigenmann e Eigenmann 1889)." 187009,Kronichthys lacerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Kronichthys,lacerta,,,,,"(Nichols, 1919)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187011,Probolodus heterostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Probolodus,heterostomus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187012,Spintherobolus ankoseion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Spintherobolus,ankoseion,,,,,"Weitzman & Malabarba, 1999", 187014,Hypsolebias hellneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,hellneri,,,,,"(Berkenkamp, 1993)", 187015,Australoheros autrani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,autrani,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","Rícan et al. (2011) afirmaram que todas as espécies descritas do sudeste do Brasil (pertencente ao grupo de espécies Australoheros autrani) são, de fato, membros da espécie A. facetus. Contudo, Ottoni (2012) apresentou algumas evidências contrárias a essa afirmação, porém como essa espécie até o momento é conhecida apenas do material-tipo não é possível afirmar se é válida ou não. Todas as espécies descritas por Ottoni e colaboradores de bacias costeiras necessitam de uma ampla revisão, visto que, os caracteres diagnósticos são extremamente frágeis e várias foram descritas com base em pequena quantidade de exemplares, e, ainda, vários desses eram jovens. Com isso, não é possível afirmar quais são as espécies válidas de Australoheros para as bacias costeiras." 187016,Rineloricaria maquinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,maquinensis,,,,,"Reis & Cardoso, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187017,Apareiodon piracicabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,piracicabae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187018,Geophagus itapicuruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,itapicuruensis,,,,,"Haseman, 1911","Geophagus é um gênero que necessita de revisão taxonômica e os exemplares que têm sido identificados usualmente como G. itapicuruensis são apenas os provenientes da bacia do rio Itapicuru, Bahia." 187019,Rhamdioglanis transfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdioglanis,transfasciatus,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1908","A espécie apresenta problemas taxonômicos. Existe a possibilidade de Rhamdioglanis transfasciatus ser sinônima de Rhamdioglanis frenatus. Porém, mesmo que exista esse problema, a espécie não tem problemas em termos de conservação." 187020,Parotocinclus arandai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,arandai,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares, Lehmann A. & Martins-Pinheiro, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187024,Pituna brevirostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Pituna,brevirostrata,,,,,"Costa, 2007", 187025,Geophagus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,obscurus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)","Geophagus é um gênero que necessita de revisão taxonômica e os exemplares que têm sido identificados usualmente como G. obscurus são apenas os provenientes da bacia do rio Paraguaçu, Bahia." 187026,Phalloceros reisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,reisi,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187027,Characidium vestigipinne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,vestigipinne,,,,,"Buckup & Hahn, 2000", 187028,Conorhynchos conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Conorhynchos,conirostris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. No entanto, a posição filogenética desta espécie é desconhecida, sendo considerada incertae sedis em Siluriformes (Ferraris 2003)." 187030,Pimelodella boschmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,boschmai,,,,,"Van der Stigchel, 1964","A espécie foi descrita do rio Mogi-Guaçu, em Pirassununga, São Paulo. Há dúvidas quanto à validade da espécie." 187031,Schizodon intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,intermedius,,,,,"Garavello & Britski, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187032,Pareiorhaphis parmula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,parmula,,,,,"Pereira, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187033,Hisonotus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,armatus,,,,,"Carvalho, Lehmann A., Pereira & Reis, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187035,Planaltina britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Planaltina,britskii,,,,,"Menezes, Weitzman & Burns, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187037,Schizodon australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,australis,,,,,"Garavello, 1994",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187040,Pareiorhaphis hypselurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,hypselurus,,,,,"(Pereira & Reis, 2002)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187041,Hypostomus francisci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,francisci,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187042,Neoplecostomus ribeirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,ribeirensis,,,,,"Langeani, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187045,Phalloceros pellos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,pellos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187047,Sorubim lima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Sorubim,lima,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187048,Mucurilebias leitaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Mucurilebias,leitaoi,,,,,"(Da Cruz & Peixoto, 1992)", 187049,Melanorivulus pinima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,pinima,,,,,"(Costa, 1989)", 187050,Cambeva mboycy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,mboycy,,,,,"(Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004)", 187051,Hypostomus margaritifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,margaritifer,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187053,Atlantirivulus simplicis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,simplicis,,,,,"(Costa, 2004)", 187056,Pimelodella australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,australis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187058,Epactionotus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Epactionotus,bilineatus,,,,,"Reis & Schaefer, 1998",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187059,Cnesterodon iguape,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Cnesterodon,iguape,,,,,"Lucinda, 2005", 187061,Pimelodus atrobrunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,atrobrunneus,,,,,"Vidal & Lucena, 1999",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187062,Parotocinclus prata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,prata,,,,,"Ribeiro, Melo & Pereira, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187064,Imparfinis mirini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,mirini,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187065,Microglanis leptostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,leptostriatus,,,,,"Mori & Shibatta, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187067,Steindachneridion melanodermatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Steindachneridion,melanodermatum,,,,,"Garavello, 2005", 187068,Homodiaetus graciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Homodiaetus,graciosa,,,,,"Koch, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187070,Apareiodon vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,vittatus,,,,,"Garavello, 1977","Apareiodon vittatus foi considerada sinônima de Apareiodon piracicabae por (Pavanelli 1999), porém foi considerada válida posteriormente por (Pavanelli 2003) e vários outros autores." 187072,Hypostomus hermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,hermanni,,,,,"(Ihering, 1905)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187073,Apareiodon itapicuruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,itapicuruensis,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1916",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187074,Bryconamericus ecai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,ecai,,,,,"da Silva, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187077,Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,itaparicensis,,,,,"Lima & Costa, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187078,Microcambeva barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Microcambeva,barbata,,,,,"Costa & Bockmann, 1994",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187079,Cambeva tupinamba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,tupinamba,,,,,"(Wosiacki & Oyakawa, 2005)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187081,Leporinus amblyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,amblyrhynchus,,,,,"Garavello & Britski, 1987",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187082,Pachyurus bonariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,bonariensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879", 187083,Glandulocauda melanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Glandulocauda,melanopleura,,,,,"(Ellis, 1911)", 187084,Leporinus bahiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,bahiensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1875",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187086,Hypostomus iheringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,iheringii,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187087,Plesiolebias fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,fragilis,,,,,"Costa, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187088,Astyanax biotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,biotae,,,,,"Castro & Vari, 2004",Astyanax biotae apresenta problemas de reconhecimento e dúvidas quanto à sua validade taxonômica.


187089,Phallotorynus fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phallotorynus,fasciolatus,,,,,"Henn, 1916", 187090,Pimelodella longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,longipinnis,,,,,"(Borodin, 1927)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187093,Hyphessobrycon duragenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,duragenys,,,,,"Ellis, 1911", 187094,Astyanax intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,intermedius,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908","Astyanax scabripinnis intermedius Eigenmann, 1908, foi considerada morfologicamente intermediária entre Astyanax scabripinnis e A. taeniatus, que foram coletadas no Rio Paraíba (= Rio Paraíba do Sul), Rio Mucari (= rio Mucuri) em Santa Clara, Rio Itapemirim, Muniz Freire e Rio das Velhas em Sete Lagoas. Eigenmann (1927) citou um espécime para o Rio Doce, entre Linhares e Souza Porto, como provavelmente ""pertencente a A. intermedius scabripinnis (Lezama et al. 2011)." 187096,Planaltina glandipedis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Planaltina,glandipedis,,,,,"Menezes, Weitzman & Burns, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187097,Gymnotus sylvius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,sylvius,,,,,"Albert & Fernandes-Matioli, 1999","Gymnotus sylvius foi descrita recentemente de bacias costeiras do sudeste do Brasil e pode ter tido exemplares erroneamente atribuídos a G. carapo (Linnaeus 1758), a exemplo de G. inaequilabiatus. Dessa forma, considerações similares podem ser feitas para explicar sua ocorrência na região. Ou seja, exemplares identificados como G. carapo poderiam pertencer a G. sylvius, ampliando a distribuição geográfica natural dessa espécie, ou sua ocorrência na região pode ser atribuída à transposição de exemplares das bacias costeiras do leste do Brasil, utilizados como isca-viva (Graça e Pavanelli 2007)." 187100,Proloricaria prolixa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Proloricaria,prolixa,,,,,"(Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187103,Lampiella gibbosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lampiella,gibbosa,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187104,Ophthalmolebias perpendicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Ophthalmolebias,perpendicularis,,,,,"(Costa, Nielsen & de Luca, 2001)", 187107,Phalloceros enneaktinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,enneaktinos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008","Conhecida como Phalloceros caudimaculatus antes da revisão de Lucinda (2008). Este mesmo autor, antes de publicar a revisão de espécies do gênero Phalloceros disponibilizou sua tese de doutorado onde a espécie era tratada como Phalloceros sp. n. “S” Lucinda e Reis (2005). A revisão taxonômica das espécies de Phalloceros (Lucinda 2008) é baseada exclusivamente em variações morfológicas em machos e fêmeas e delimitou 22 espécies. Contudo, a proximidade geográfica de diversas espécies que ocorrem em alguns casos em sintopia, demanda uma avaliação mais detalhada da biologia destes peixes em algumas situações em particular." 187108,Simpsonichthys punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Simpsonichthys,punctulatus,,,,,"Costa & Brasil, 2007", 187109,Scleromystax barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Scleromystax,barbatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon, todavia, é provável tratar-se de um complexo de espécies. Existem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura (Nijssen e Isbrücker 1980) e (Isbrücker 2001)." 187110,Leporinus amae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,amae,,,,,"Godoy, 1980",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187113,Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ERYTHRINIDAE,Hoplerythrinus,unitaeniatus,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187114,Trichomycterus taroba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,taroba,,,,,"Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187115,Brachyhypopomus jureiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,jureiae,,,,,"Triques & Khamis, 2003", 187117,Ophthalmolebias suzarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Ophthalmolebias,suzarti,,,,,"(Costa, 2004)", 187118,Trachelyopterus lucenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,lucenai,,,,,"Bertoletti, Pezzi da Silva & Pereira, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187119,Parodon nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,nasus,,,,,"Kner, 1859",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187120,Serrapinnus notomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,notomelas,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1915)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187122,Neoplecostomus selenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,selenae,,,,,"Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008", 187124,Kolpotocheirodon figueiredoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Kolpotocheirodon,figueiredoi,,,,,"Malabarba, Lima & Weitzman, 2004", 187125,Epactionotus itaimbezinho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Epactionotus,itaimbezinho,,,,,"Reis & Schaefer, 1998",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187126,Crenicichla jaguarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,jaguarensis,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187127,Hypsolebias longignatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,longignatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187128,Oxydoras niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Oxydoras,niger,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1821)","This species was described in the genus Doras niger, and also placed in the genus Pseudodoras. Recently Orinoco River Basin specimens previously identified as this species were reidentified as Oxydoras sifontesi. Other species have been reidentified as R. niger (Doras humboldti Spix & Agassiz 1829, Corydoras edentatus Spix & Agassisz 1829, Rhinodoras prianomus Cope 1874, Rhinodoras teffeanus Steindachner 1875, Oxydoras holdeni Fernández-Yépes 1968)." 187129,Tatia neivai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,neivai,,,,,"(Ihering, 1930)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187130,Neoplecostomus franciscoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,franciscoensis,,,,,"Langeani, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187131,Nematolebias papilliferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Nematolebias,papilliferus,,,,,"Costa, 2002", 187132,Hypostomus lima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,lima,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187133,Pituna schindleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Pituna,schindleri,,,,,"Costa, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187134,Kolpotocheirodon theloura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Kolpotocheirodon,theloura,,,,,"Malabarba & Weitzman, 2000", 187135,Pareiorhaphis nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,nasuta,,,,,"Pereira, Vieira & Reis, 2007", 187136,Glaphyropoma spinosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Glaphyropoma,spinosum,,,,,"Bichuette, de Pinna & Trajano, 2008", 187137,Mimagoniates rheocharis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Mimagoniates,rheocharis,,,,,"Menezes & Weitzman, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187138,Cheirodon parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,parahybae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1915","Cheirodon parahybae Eigenmann, 1915 foi considerado sinônimo júnior de Cheirodon ibicuhiensis Eigenmann, 1915 por Malabarba (1998). Buckup et al. (2007) considera a espécie válida “[ratificada também por Malabarba]” (F.R. Carvalho com. pess. 2012)." 187139,Cambeva naipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,naipi,,,,,"(Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187140,Corumbataia cuestae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Corumbataia,cuestae,,,,,"Britski, 1997",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187141,Tembeassu marauna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Tembeassu,marauna,,,,,"Triques, 1998","Campos-da-Paz (2005) fornece uma discussão breve indicando que a inclusão da espécie nominal Tembeassu marauna em Apteronotus La Cépède não se sustenta em evidências atualmente disponíveis. Assim, sugere-se que esta espécie deve ser mantida em seu próprio gênero separado dentro de Apteronotidae. Finalmente, são apresentados argumentos no sentido de reconhecer T. marauna como uma espécie possivelmente ameaçada de extinção na região alto rio Paraná." 187142,Hoplias brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ERYTHRINIDAE,Hoplias,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187143,Odontesthes mirinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Odontesthes,mirinensis,,,,,"Bemvenuti, 1996","A espécie O. mirinensis foi descrita para a lagoa Mirim e faz parte do complexo de espécies “ O. perugiae”. No entanto, a diagnose de O. mirinensis levanta dúvidas sobre a sua validade." 187144,Pareiorhina carrancas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhina,carrancas,,,,,"Bockmann & Ribeiro, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187146,Pimelodus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,maculatus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803","Até que a população da bacia do rio São Francisco tenha sido adequadamente revisada, recomenda-se não utilizar o epíteto específico maculatus. A sugestão para uso é : Pimelodus cf. maculatus (indicando que pode tratar-se de P. maculatus, mas não há certeza quanto a isso). Seguindo este critério, as informações sobre a biologia, ecologia, etc. devem se restringir somente a estudos relativos à população da bacia do rio São Francisco. As demais devem ser descartadas (C.A.S. Lucena com. pess. 2011)." 187147,Isbrueckerichthys calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Isbrueckerichthys,calvus,,,,,"Jerep, Shibatta, Pereira Edson & Oyakawa, 2006","A espécie apresenta todos os caracteres diagnósticos do gênero, e difere dos seus congêneres pela presença de odontódeos hipertrofiados ao longo da margem lateral da cabeça, entre outros caracteres (consultar base de dados para a espécie) (Jerep et al. 2006)." 187148,Hyphessobrycon micropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,micropterus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1915)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187149,Trichogenes longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichogenes,longipinnis,,,,,"Britski & Ortega, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187152,Spintherobolus broccae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Spintherobolus,broccae,,,,,"Myers, 1925", 187154,Pimelodella vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,vittata,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)",Apresenta problemas de taxonomia por dificuldade de identificação decorrente da semelhança entre as espécies. 187155,Cnesterodon brevirostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Cnesterodon,brevirostratus,,,,,"Rosa & Costa, 1993",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187156,Rineloricaria henselii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,henselii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)", 187157,Pareiorhaphis bahianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,bahianus,,,,,"(Gosline, 1947)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Corymbophanes bahianus (Gosline 1947), Hemipsilichthys bahianus (Gosline 1947)." 187158,Astyanax jacobinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,jacobinae,,,,,"Zanata & Camelier, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187159,Crenicichla iguassuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,iguassuensis,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187161,Hypostomus obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,obtusirostris,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187162,Astyanax jenynsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,jenynsii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)","Astyanax jenynsii foi descrita a partir do rio Paraíba do Sul e considerada sinônimo júnior de A. scabripinnis. Atualmente Astyanax jenynsii (Steindachner, 1877), descrita do rio Paraíba do Sul e considerado um sinônimo júnior de A. scabripinnis por Eigenmann (1927), foi ressuscitado por Melo (2001) e está incluído no complexo de espécies A. scabripinnis (Bertaco e Malabarba 2001)." 187164,Prochilodus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Prochilodus,argenteus,,,,,"Spix & Agassiz, 1829",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187165,Pimelodella eigenmanniorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,eigenmanniorum,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)","O gênero Pimelodella é taxonomicamente confuso com vários morfotipos de difícil reconhecimento. A última revisão taxonômica do gênero (Eigenmann 1917) lista cinco espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesta revisão o autor assinala que há variação de uma série de características entre as espécies, o que suscita dúvidas quanto a sua identificação precisa das mesmas da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e rios costeiros, desde o sul do Rio de Janeiro até o rio São Francisco (inclusive)." 187166,Pimelodella transitoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,transitoria,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1907",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187169,Rineloricaria steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,steindachneri,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187171,Hyphessobrycon iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,iheringi,,,,,"Fowler, 1941","Conforme nota de Heraldo Antônio Britski (janeiro de 1999) no frasco do holótipo, o tipo de H. iheringi é um exemplar de Serrapinnus piaba (Lütken 1875), identificação confirmada por Carvalho (2011). Carvalho (2011) propõe a classificação de Hyphessobrycon iheringi como Serrapinnus piaba." 187172,Hypomasticus garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Hypomasticus,garmani,,,,,"(Borodin, 1929)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187175,Phalloceros mikrommatos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,mikrommatos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187176,Cambeva variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,variegata,,,,,"(Costa, 1992)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187177,Trichomycterus landinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,landinga,,,,,"Triques & Vono, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187178,Hollandichthys multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hollandichthys,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Norris, 1900)","Hollandichthys multifasciatus é reconhecidamente um complexo de espécies (Lima et al. 2003). Hollandichthys, monotípico com uma única espécie válida (Hollandichthys multifasciatus) morfologicamente foi diagnosticado como um complexo de espécies, com oito morfotipos (Bertaco 2003)." 187180,Heptapterus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Heptapterus,multiradiatus,,,,,"Ihering, 1907","De acordo com Bockmann (1998), esta espécie não pertence ao gênero Heptapterus, embora sua posição genérica ainda não esteja determinada." 187181,Hypostomus carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1937)","Designação não clara do lectótipo do espécime MNRJ 924A por Miranda Ribeiro (1953). Uma revisão taxonômica das espécies de Hypostomus do Nordeste Meridional está sendo realizada por C. H. Zawadzki e T. Ramos. Esta espécie necessitará de uma reavaliação futura. Hypostomus carvalhoi é sinônimo júnior de H. jaguribensis. Um trabalho de redescrição de H. jaguribensis está sendo realizado por C. H. Zawadzki, T. Ramos, M. Sabaj-Perez." 187183,Trichomycterus caipora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,caipora,,,,,"Lima, Lazzarotto & Costa, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187184,Atlantirivulus depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,depressus,,,,,"(Costa, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187185,Astyanax brevirhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,brevirhinus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187186,Atlantirivulus nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,nudiventris,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 1991)", 187187,Steindachnerina elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,elegans,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187188,Cynolebias leptocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,leptocephalus,,,,,"Costa & Brasil, 1993", 187189,Hypsolebias gibberatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,gibberatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 2006)", 187190,Trichomycterus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,brasiliensis,,,,,"Lütken, 1874",Registros atribuídos a Trichomycterus brasiliensis na bacia do rio Paraná e rios costeiros do leste e sudeste referem-se a espécies ainda não descritas. 187191,Hypsolebias similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,similis,,,,,"(Costa & Hellner, 1999)",Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon:Simpsonichthys similis (Costa e Hellner 1999). 187192,Gymnotus bahianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,bahianus,,,,,"Campos-da-Paz & Costa, 1996",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187194,Characidium bimaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,bimaculatum,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187195,Otocinclus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,affinis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1877",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187196,Pimelodus pohli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,pohli,,,,,"Ribeiro & Lucena, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187197,Phalloceros megapolos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,megapolos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187199,Crenicichla empheres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,empheres,,,,,"Lucena, 2007", 187201,Hypostomus papariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,papariae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187203,Hypsolebias ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,ocellatus,,,,,"(Costa, Nielsen & de Luca, 2001)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187205,Characidium vidali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,vidali,,,,,"Travassos, 1967",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187206,Pachyurus adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,adspersus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879", 187207,Pimelodella papariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,papariae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)",Pimelodella apresenta problemas taxonômicos associados a possíveis sinonímias e ao reconhecimento de suas espécies (T.P.A. Ramos com. pess. 2013 ). 187210,Listrura picinguabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Listrura,picinguabae,,,,,"Villa-Verde & Costa, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187212,Pseudotocinclus parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudotocinclus,parahybae,,,,,"Takako, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187213,Characidium bahiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,bahiense,,,,,"Almeida, 1971",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187215,Aphyocheirodon hemigrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Aphyocheirodon,hemigrammus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1915", 187217,Melanorivulus paracatuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,paracatuensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2003)","Foi previamente identificado erroneamente como Melanorivulus decoratus, a única espécie do gênero que ocorre na Bacia do São Francisco, mas foi descrita a partir de Ibiraba, Bahia, que é cerca de 1.000 km ao norte do Rio Paracatu (Costa 2003)." 187218,Harttia garavelloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,garavelloi,,,,,"Oyakawa, 1993",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187219,Apareiodon hasemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,hasemani,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1916",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187220,Acestrorhynchus britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,britskii,,,,,"Menezes, 1969",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187222,Tatia jaracatia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,jaracatia,,,,,"Pavanelli & Bifi, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187223,Phalloceros uai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,uai,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Phalloceros uai era previamente incluído em Phalloceros caudimaculatus até a revisão taxonômica de Lucinda (2008). 187224,Taunayia bifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Taunayia,bifasciata,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Norris, 1900)", 187225,Schizodon knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,knerii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187226,Brycon ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,ferox,,,,,"Steindachner, 1877",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187227,Astyanax pelecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,pelecus,,,,,"Bertaco & Lucena, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187228,Hasemania maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,maxillaris,,,,,"Ellis, 1911","A espécie Hasemania maxillaris foi descrita com base em apenas um exemplar, coletado em 1908. Atualmente, esse exemplar encontra-se muito danificado, e sua análise sugere que talvez essa espécie não seja válida." 187229,Leporinus paranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,paranensis,,,,,"Garavello & Britski, 1987",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187231,Parotocinclus muriaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,muriaensis,,,,,"Gauger & Buckup, 2005","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie foi descrita a partir do holótipo mais 3 parátipos, um deles com deformações." 187232,Australoheros muriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,muriae,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","Rícan et al. (2011) afirmaram que todas as espécies descritas do sudeste do Brasil (pertencente ao grupo de espécies A. autrani) são, de fato, membros da espécie A. facetus. Contudo, Ottoni (2012) apresentou algumas evidências contrárias a essa afirmação, porém como essa espécie até o momento é conhecida apenas do material-tipo não é possível afirmar se é válida ou não. Todas as espécies descritas por Ottoni e colaboradores de bacias costeiras necessitam de uma ampla revisão, visto que, os caracteres diagnósticos são extremamente frágeis e várias foram descritas com base em pequena quantidade de exemplares, e, ainda, vários desses eram jovens. Com isso, não é possível afirmar quais são as espécies válidas de Australoheros para as bacias costeiras." 187234,Characidium alipioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,alipioi,,,,,"Travassos, 1955",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187235,Astyanax ribeirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,ribeirae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187236,Cynolebias altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,altus,,,,,"Costa, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187237,Imparfinis borodini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,borodini,,,,,"Mees & Cala, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187238,Hisonotus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,montanus,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187239,Corydoras multimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,multimaculatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1907",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187240,Rineloricaria quadrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,quadrensis,,,,,"Reis, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187241,Cyanocharax dicropotamicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cyanocharax,dicropotamicus,,,,,"Malabarba & Weitzman, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187242,Aspidoras spilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,spilotus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187244,Phalloceros elachistos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,elachistos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187246,Hypostomus brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,brevicauda,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Os limites taxonômicos e de distribuição da espécie são desconhecidos e necessitam de investigação. 187247,Pogonopoma obscurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pogonopoma,obscurum,,,,,"Quevedo & Reis, 2002", 187248,Pogonopoma wertheimeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pogonopoma,wertheimeri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187249,Roeboides microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,microlepis,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1851)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187250,Ophthalmolebias rosaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Ophthalmolebias,rosaceus,,,,,"(Costa, Nielsen & de Luca, 2001)", 187251,Trichomycterus vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,vermiculatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187252,Phalloceros heptaktinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,heptaktinos,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187253,Phalloceros alessandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,alessandrae,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187254,Scleromystax macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Scleromystax,macropterus,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 187255,Trichomycterus bahianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,bahianus,,,,,"Costa, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187256,Parotocinclus cesarpintoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,cesarpintoi,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1939",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187258,Cynopoecilus intimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynopoecilus,intimus,,,,,"Costa, 2002", 187259,Pseudotothyris obtusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudotothyris,obtusa,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1911)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187260,Campellolebias intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Campellolebias,intermedius,,,,,"Costa & De Luca, 2006", 187261,Piabina anhembi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Piabina,anhembi,,,,,"da Silva & Kaefer, 2003",A espécie apresenta problemas taxonômicos quanto à sua validade e identificação. 187262,Austrolebias minuano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,minuano,,,,,"Costa & Cheffe, 2001", 187263,Cambeva plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,plumbea,,,,,"(Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187264,Pareiorhaphis vestigipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,vestigipinnis,,,,,"(Pereira & Reis, 1992)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187265,Australoheros ipatinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,ipatinguensis,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2008","Australoheros é um gênero com diversas espécies descritas nos últimos anos. Entretanto, as descrições não são suficientemente detalhadas que permitam o pronto reconhecimento das diversas formas distribuídas em várias bacias do leste brasileiro. Esse é o caso da bacia do rio Doce, onde 3 espécies foram descritas (A. perdi, A. ipatinguensis e A. capixaba). Há uma necessidade clara de revisão das mesmas, principalmente incluindo exemplares provenientes de áreas entre as localidades tipo. Existem registros de Australoheros em diversos outros pontos da bacia do rio Doce, mas que se tratam de Cichlasoma facetum (F. Vieira com. pess.)." 187267,Characidium lagosantense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,lagosantense,,,,,"Travassos, 1947","Espécie revisada taxonomicamente por Silveira (2008). Parte dos exemplares coletados na lagoa Santa e na lagoa Olhos d’Água no século XIX foram incorretamente identificados por Reinhardt (1866) como Characidium fasciatum (Buckup 1992). Não há estudos sobre conectividade ou estratégias de dispersão da espécie. Presume-se que haja elevado grau de conectividade entre populações ocorrentes em lagoas marginais, pequenos riachos e veredas, porém o desaparecimento de populações em lagoas de depressões cársticas sugere baixo grau de conectividade e capacidade de recolonização entre estes ambientes." 187269,Trichomycterus paquequerense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,paquequerense,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1943)", 187270,Hypsolebias alternatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,alternatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 1994)", 187271,Steindachneridion parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Steindachneridion,parahybae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)", 187272,Rineloricaria baliola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,baliola,,,,,"Rodriguez & Reis, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187273,Rineloricaria sanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,sanga,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187274,Anchoviella vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,vaillanti,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1908)", 187275,Melanorivulus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,pictus,,,,,"(Costa, 1989)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187277,Astyanax parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,parahybae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908","Nomes Antigos: Astyanax fasciatus parahybae Eigenmann, 1908. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon." 187278,Chasmocranus lopezae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,lopezae,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1968",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187279,Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,taurocephalus,,,,,"Ellis, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187280,Hypostomus nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,nigromaculatus,,,,,"(Schubart, 1964)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187281,Pimelodus fur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,fur,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)","Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner, 1877 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) foi revalidado como sinônimo-júnior de Pimelodus fur (Lütken, 1874), para aplicação aos exemplares do Alto Paraná (Ribeiro e Lucena 2007 apud Langeani 2007)." 187282,Deuterodon langei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,langei,,,,,"Travassos, 1957",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 187283,Trichomycterus itatiayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,itatiayae,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1906",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187284,Isbrueckerichthys saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Isbrueckerichthys,saxicola,,,,,"Jerep, Shibatta, Pereira Edson & Oyakawa, 2006", 187285,Hypostomus nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,nudiventris,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187287,Spintherobolus papilliferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Spintherobolus,papilliferus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911", 187289,Pimelodella brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)","O gênero Pimelodella é taxonomicamente confuso com vários morfotipos de difícil reconhecimento. A última revisão taxonômica do gênero (Eigenmann 1917) lista cinco espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesta revisão o autor assinala que há variação de uma série de características entre as espécies, o que suscita dúvidas quanto a sua identificação precisa das mesmas da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e rios costeiros, desde o sul do Rio de Janeiro até o rio São Francisco (inclusive)." 187291,Jenynsia weitzmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,weitzmani,,,,,"Ghedotti, Meisner & Lucinda, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187292,Pimelodella robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,robinsoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187293,Hyphessobrycon coelestinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,coelestinus,,,,,"Myers, 1929",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187294,Ophthalmolebias bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Ophthalmolebias,bokermanni,,,,,"(Carvalho & Da Cruz, 1987)", 187295,Oligosarcus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,robustus,,,,,"Menezes, 1969",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187296,Astyanax varzeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,varzeae,,,,,"Abilhoa & Duboc, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187297,Hypostomus denticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,denticulatus,,,,,"Zawadzki, Weber & Pavanelli, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187299,Astyanax schubarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,schubarti,,,,,"Britski, 1964",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187300,Trichomycterus papilliferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,papilliferus,,,,,"Wosiacki & Garavello, 2004", 187301,Neoplecostomus paranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,paranensis,,,,,"Langeani, 1990",Existe a possibilidade de Neoplecostomus paranensis se tratar de um complexo de espécies. 187304,Trichomycterus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,immaculatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187306,Compsura heterura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Compsura,heterura,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1915",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187307,Pimelodella eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)","O gênero Pimelodella é taxonomicamente confuso com vários morfotipos de difícil reconhecimento. A última revisão taxonômica do gênero (Eigenmann 1917) lista cinco espécies para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesta revisão o autor assinala que há variação de uma série de características entre as espécies, o que suscita dúvidas quanto a sua identificação precisa das mesmas da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul e rios costeiros, desde o sul do Rio de Janeiro até o rio São Francisco (inclusive)." 187310,Characidium timbuiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,timbuiense,,,,,"Travassos, 1946",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Characidium timbuiensis (Travassos 1946). 187311,Rhamdiopsis moreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdiopsis,moreirai,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187313,Bryconamericus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,tenuis,,,,,"Bizerril & Auraujo, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187317,Hisonotus paulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,paulinus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)","Espécie originalmente descrita como Otocinclus paulinus, atualmente alocada em Hisonotus. Várias referências dessa na literatura tratam-se na verdade de outras espécies no gênero (e.g. Aquino e Schaefer (2001) trata-se de Hisonotus notatus). Acredita-se que o tipo dessa espécie aparentemente seja válida, porém a taxonomia confusa de espécies de Hisonotus no alto Paraná prejudica a delimitação acurada das distribuições das mesmas (Carvalho e Reis 2009, 2011)." 187318,Astyanax bockmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,bockmanni,,,,,"Vari & Castro, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187319,Leporinus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,microphthalmus,,,,,"Garavello, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187320,Characidium interruptum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,interruptum,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1909","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Characidium jobertina (Dubia Travassos 1952), Characidium jobertina interruptum (Pellegrin 1909)." 187322,Kryptolebias ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Kryptolebias,ocellatus,,,,,"(Hensel, 1868)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187323,Listrura boticario,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Listrura,boticario,,,,,"de Pinna & Wosiacki, 2002",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Listrura boticario é descrita pelo holótipo e conhecida de algumas coletas subsequentes (Villa-Verde et al. 2008). 187324,Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,espiritosantensis,,,,,"Langeani, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187325,Ituglanis paraguassuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,paraguassuensis,,,,,"Campos-Paiva & Costa, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187326,Microglanis pataxo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,pataxo,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon, 2006","Microglanis minutus Ottoni, Mattos & Barbosa, 2010 pode representar um sinônimo de Microglanis pataxo (Sarmento-Soares com. pess. 2013)." 187327,Hisonotus iota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,iota,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187328,Triportheus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Triportheus,guentheri,,,,,"(Garman, 1890)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187329,Austrolebias carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Myers, 1947)", 187330,Glanidium melanopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Glanidium,melanopterum,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1918","Glanidium melanopterum é uma espécie válida, porém necessita revisão. Existe um trabalho de revisão em andamento como parte de estudo de longo prazo (L.M. Sarmento-Soares com. pess. 2012)." 187331,Hypsolebias flagellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,flagellatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2003)",Hypsolebias flagellatus trata-se de um complexo de espécies (Costa et al. 2012). Pertence ao clado denominado grupo de espécies Simpsonichthys flavicaudatus (Costa 2003). 187332,Curculionichthys insperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,insperatus,,,,,"Britski & Garavello, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187334,Leporinus piau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,piau,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187335,Deuterodon longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,longirostris,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 187336,Hypostomus wuchereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,wuchereri,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Angela M. Zanata está fazendo a revisão das espécies de Hypostomus da Bahia, mas ainda não tem conclusão a respeito da validade dessa espécie." 187338,Microglanis parahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,parahybae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187339,Pareiorhaphis hystrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,hystrix,,,,,"(Pereira & Reis, 2002)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187341,Hypomasticus mormyrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Hypomasticus,mormyrops,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187342,Hypostomus chrysostiktos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,chrysostiktos,,,,,"Birindelli, Zanata & Lima, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187343,Hypostomus strigaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,strigaticeps,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 187608,Halichoeres burekae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,burekae,,,,,"Weaver & Rocha, 2007", 187830,Raorchestes chromasynchysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,chromasynchysi,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 187869,Schistura xhatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,xhatensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 187871,Spinibarbus nammauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,nammauensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2001","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of the species.
" 187875,Homaloptera smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,smithi,,,,,"Hora, 1932","There are indications that several species might be confused under the name H. smithi." 187876,Schizothorax nukiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,nukiangensis,,,,,"(Tsao, 1964)", 187877,Toxabramis maensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Toxabramis,maensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Duong, 2006", 187879,Sinogastromyzon namnaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,namnaensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Sinogastromyzon namnaensis was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Nâm Na River in northwestern Viet Nam (Lai Châu Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187880,Opsarius bernatziki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,bernatziki,,,,,"(Koumans, 1937)", 187881,Sikukia flavicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sikukia,flavicaudata,,,,,"Chu & Chen, 1987", 187883,Heteropneustes kemratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HETEROPNEUSTIDAE,Heteropneustes,kemratensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)","The species was recognized as conspecific with Heteropneustes fossilis. A study by Rajmouangkwang (2008, unpublished thesis) indicated that H. kemratensis is valid, but its type locality at Kemarat, on the Khorat Plateau, Thailand, but there are no specimens to authenticate the locality." 187885,Schistura sombooni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sombooni,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 187887,Tachysurus yeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,yeni,,,,,"(Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005)",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. 187890,Schizothorax lantsangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,lantsangensis,,,,,"Tsao, 1964", 187892,Schistura sokolovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sokolovi,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 187893,Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,chiemhoaensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","The taxonomic status of this species remains unclear, but it is most likely a junior synonym of H. pluriradiatus (H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2011)." 187894,Devario quangbinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,quangbinhensis,,,,,"(Nguyen, Le & Nguyen, 1999)"," Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187895,Rhinogobius vinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,vinhensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of Rhinogobius vinhensis." 187896,Cyprinus melanes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,melanes,,,,,"Mai, 1978","Described by Mai (1978). As this species might be a synonym of Carassioides acuminatus (Richardson 1846), further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187897,Yasuhikotakia caudipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Yasuhikotakia,caudipunctata,,,,,"(Taki & Doi, 1995)", 187898,Oreoglanis infulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,infulatus,,,,,"Ng & Freyhof, 2001", 187900,Tachysurus spilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,spilotus,,,,,"Ng, 2009", 187901,Tonlesapia tsukawakii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Tonlesapia,tsukawakii,,,,,"Motomura & Mukai, 2006","Material from the Mekong delta in Viet Nam thought to pertain to this species has now been identified as a new species, T. amnica (Ng and Rainboth 2011)." 187902,Vanmanenia nahangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,nahangensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187903,Stenogobius mekongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,mekongensis,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 187904,Poropuntius aluoiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,aluoiensis,,,,,"(Nguyen, 1997)", 187905,Pseudobagarius similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,similis,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 1998)",This species was described as a species of Akysis in the A. pseudobagarius group from the Mekong delta in southern Viet Nam (Ng and Kottelat 1998). Ferraris (2007) subsequently assigned this species and all other members of the A. pseudobagarius group to the genus Pseudobagarius. 187909,Pareuchiloglanis dorsoarcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,dorsoarcus,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)",
 187910,Cobitis guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,guttata,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)","Described as Acantopsis guttatus, but correct grammatically as guttata. Apparently the species tentatively identified as Acantopsis arenae by Kottelat (2001: 49, fig. 95). Placed in Cobitis here (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011). See Chen and Chen (2011) for a discussion of Acantopsis arenae, which they placed in Cobitis arenae. Acantopsis guttata is placed in Cobitis for the same reasons (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 187911,Sewellia diardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,diardi,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 187913,Placocheilus cryptonemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Placocheilus,cryptonemus,,,,,"Cui & Li, 1984","The genus Placocheilus Wu was treated as a valid genus by Wu et al. (1977) and Zhang et al. (2002), while other authors treated it as a synonym of Garra (Kottelat 2001; Zhou et al. 2005, Li et al. 2008). Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes includes the species in Placocheilus (Fricke et al. 2022)." 187914,Spinibarbus caldwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,caldwelli,,,,,"(Nichols, 1925)","Spinibarbus caldwelli was not along ago regarded as a junior synonym of S. hollandi Oshima, 1919 because of ambiguities in diagnostic characters. According to Tang et al. (2005), Spinibarbus caldwelli seems to be a valid species. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187916,Schistura thanho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,thanho,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 187917,Spinibarbus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,vittatus,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 1997","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of this species. It is not recognised by Eschmeyer and Fricke (2012). Originally proposed as Spinibarbus vittatus Hao et Duc sp.n. (Nguyễn and Nguyễn 1997)." 187923,Ambastaia nigrolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Ambastaia,nigrolineata,,,,,"(Kottelat & Chu, 1987)","The species has long been misidentified as Botia sidthimunki, Yasuhikotakia sidthimunki or Ambastia sidthimunki ." 187925,Trichopodus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopodus,microlepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 187927,Sinogastromyzon maon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,maon,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005","Sinogastromyzon maon was described by Nguyen & Nguyen 2005 from the Ma River (Sông Mã) system in northwestern Viet Nam (Sông Mã destrict, Son La Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187928,Siniperca vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,vietnamensis,,,,,"Mai, 1978", 187931,Sewellia elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,elongata,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 187932,Pareuchiloglanis phongthoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,phongthoensis,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)", 187933,Pao suvattii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,suvattii,,,,,"(Sontirat, 1989)", 187934,Opsarius caudiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,caudiocellatus,,,,,"(Chu, 1984)", 187936,Parabotia vancuongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,vancuongi,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Parabotia vacuongi was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Gâm River (Nà Hang, Tuyên Quang) in northern Viet Nam (Nà Hang district, Tuyên Quang Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187937,Rhinogobius vexillifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,vexillifer,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 187938,Spinibarbus brevicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,brevicephalus,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 1997",Further research is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of the species. The species is not recognised by Eschmeyer and Fricke (2012). 187940,Opsarius ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,ornatus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)", 187942,Balitoropsis vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitoropsis,vulgaris,,,,,"(Kottelat & Chu, 1988)", 187943,Neolissochilus qiaojiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,qiaojiensis,,,,,"(Wu, 1977)","Tor qiaojiensis was described by Wu (1977) from Qiaojie in Yunnan Province. Recent molecular studies have, however, indicated that this species is not a member of the genus Tor and should be re-assigned to Neolissochilus (Zheng et al. 2016)." 187946,Toxabramis hotayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Toxabramis,hotayensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001", 187948,Toxabramis nhatleensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Toxabramis,nhatleensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Tran & Ta, 2006", 187950,Rhinogobius nganfoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,nganfoensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of Rhinogobius nganfoensis." 187953,Tuberoschistura baenzigeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Tuberoschistura,baenzigeri,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1983)", 187954,Pao brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,brevirostris,,,,,"(Benl, 1957)", 187955,Toxotes blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TOXOTIDAE,Toxotes,blythii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1892", 187957,Wallagonia leerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Wallagonia,leerii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 187959,Schizopygopsis thermalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,thermalis,,,,,"Herzenstein, 1891", 187960,Micropercops hotayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Micropercops,hotayensis,,,,,"Mai, 1978", 187961,Sewellia speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,speciosa,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 187962,Placocheilus bibarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Placocheilus,bibarbatus,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001","Placocheilus bibarbatus was described from the Duòng River in northwestern Viet Nam (Phong Thô County, Lai Châu Province). Recently placed in the genus Garra (Li et al. 2008). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes includes the species in Placocheilus (Fricke et al. 2022)." 187963,Tachysurus longispinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,longispinalis,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. 187964,Macropodus erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Macropodus,erythropterus,,,,,"Freyhof & Herder, 2002", 187966,Hemimyzon pengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,pengi,,,,,"(Huang, 1982)","Dienbienia namnuaensis Nguyen and Nguyen, 2002 is a synonym (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 187967,Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,hypercorpus,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Nâm So Creek (Black River drainage) in northwestern Viet Nam (Phong Châu district, Lai Châu Province)." 187969,Hemimyzon nujiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,nujiangensis,,,,,"(Zhang & Zheng, 1983)", 187970,Spinibarbus babeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,babeensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001",Further research is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of the species. 187971,Schistura phongthoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,phongthoensis,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)","Schistura phongthoensis was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Muong So River in northwestern Viet Nam (Phong Thô district, Lai Châu Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187973,Tanichthys thacbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,TANICHTHYIDAE,Tanichthys,thacbaensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Ngo, 2001","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 187974,Pao ocellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,ocellaris,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1957)", 187975,Schistura spilota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,spilota,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 187977,Sinogastromyzon minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,minutus,,,,,"Mai, 1978","Sinogastromyzon minutus was described by Mai 1978 from the Nâm Muc creek (Red River drainage) in northwestern Viet Nam ( Muong Muon district, Lai Châu Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 187978,Pao turgidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,turgidus,,,,,"(Kottelat, 2000)","
" 187979,Microdevario nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Microdevario,nanus,,,,,"(Kottelat & Witte, 1999)", 187980,Vanmanenia ventrosquamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,ventrosquamata,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Under the synonym Homaloptera ventrosquamata, Vanmanenia ventrosquamata was described by Mai (1978) from northern Viet Nam (without precise informations about the locality). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 187983,Gymnostomus ornatipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,ornatipinnis,,,,,"(Roberts, 1997)","This genus was recognised as Cirrhinus or Henicorhynhus by several references. Taxonomic observation by M. Kottelat (pers. comm. 2011) found that these should refer to Gymnostomus." 187985,Pao abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,abei,,,,,"(Roberts, 1998)", 187988,Tachysurus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)",Considered valid as Leiocassis brevirostris Nguyen 2005 by Eschmeyer and Fricke (2012). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. 187989,Misgurnus multimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Misgurnus,multimaculatus,,,,,"Rendahl, 1944","This species has long been listed as a synonym of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor, 1842). Based on the original description by Rendahl (1948), Kottelat (2001) considers the species to be possibly distinct and valid." 187991,Vaillantella euepiptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,VAILLANTELLIDAE,Vaillantella,euepiptera,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 187992,Oreoglanis delacouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,delacouri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1936)", 187995,Sineleotris namxamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Sineleotris,namxamensis,,,,,"Chen & Kottelat, 2004", 187997,Tachysurus kyphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,kyphus,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","This species was described as Pseudobagrus kyphus from the Red River drainage in Thai Nguyen province in northern Viet Nam (Mai 1978). Its subsequent generic reassignment to Tachysurus follows that of Ng and Kottelat (2007). Although considered incertae sedis by Ferraris (2007), this species is currently considered valid." 187998,Parazacco vinhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parazacco,vinhi,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000","The taxonomic status of Parazacco vinhi is unclear." 187999,Serpenticobitis octozona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SERPENTICOBITIDAE,Serpenticobitis,octozona,,,,,"Roberts, 1997", 188002,Yasuhikotakia eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Yasuhikotakia,eos,,,,,"(Taki, 1972)", 188003,Yasuhikotakia longidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Yasuhikotakia,longidorsalis,,,,,"(Taki & Doi, 1995)", 188004,Vanmanenia serrilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,serrilineata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 188005,Thryssocypris tonlesapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Thryssocypris,tonlesapensis,,,,,"Roberts & Kottelat, 1984", 188007,Serpenticobitis zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SERPENTICOBITIDAE,Serpenticobitis,zonata,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 188008,Yunnanilus cruciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,cruciatus,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1944)", 188014,Silurichthys hasseltii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,hasseltii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858", 188017,Parazacco vuquangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parazacco,vuquangensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 1995","Parazacco vuquangensis was described by Nguyen 1995 from the Ngan Truoi stream in Central Viet Nam (locality:  18°25'N, 105°25'E, Vu Quang Mountain, Ha Tinh Province). According to Kottelat (2001), Parazacco vuquangensis should be regarded as a synonym of Parazacco fasciatus (Koller 1927). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188018,Squalidus maii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Squalidus,maii,,,,,"(Doi, 2000)","" 188019,Oreoglanis setiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,setiger,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2001", 188020,Hemimyzon elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,elongatus,,,,,(Chen & Li 1985),"This species is sometimes referred to as Balitora elongata in Chinese literature (Kottelat and Chu 1988)." 188022,Pseudohomaloptera yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Pseudohomaloptera,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Chen, 1978)", 188024,Vanmanenia microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,microlepis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188026,Rhodeus vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,vietnamensis,,,,,"Mai, 1978", 188027,Schistura sexcauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sexcauda,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 188028,Laubuka siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,siamensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1939", 188029,Schistura waltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,waltoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 188030,Oreoglanis frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,frenata,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2001", 188032,Acantopsis spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Acantopsis,spectabilis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Originally described as Prostheacanthus spectabilis by Blyth (1860)." 188033,Sectoria heterognathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Sectoria,heterognathos,,,,,"(Chen, 1999)","Originally described as a species of Schistura." 188034,Garra robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,robustus,,,,,"(Zhang, He & Chen, 2002)","Placocheilus robustus was described by Zhang et al. 2002 from the upper Red River (Yuanjiang) basin in southern China (locality: Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province).

Placocheilus was considered a junior synonym of genus Garra by Li et al. (2008). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188035,Sikukia gudgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sikukia,gudgeri,,,,,"(Smith, 1934)", 188039,Sectoria atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Sectoria,atriceps,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 188041,Silurichthys indragiriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,indragiriensis,,,,,"Volz, 1904", 188042,Schistura pumatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,pumatensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2007", 188043,Scaphiodonichthys microcorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Scaphiodonichthys,microcorpus,,,,,"(Nguyen & Doan, 1969)","Under the synonym Onchostoma microcorpus, Scaphiodonichthys microcorpus was described from the Nam Na and Nam Lay Rivers in northwestern Vietnam (Lai Chau Province). Possibly a synonym of Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus (Fowler 1934) (Kottelat 2001, Roberts and Catania 2007). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188045,Schizopygopsis anteroventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,anteroventris,,,,,"(Wu & Wu, 1989)", 188046,Tanichthys micagemmae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,TANICHTHYIDAE,Tanichthys,micagemmae,,,,,"Freyhof & Herder, 2001", 188047,Parazacco babeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parazacco,babeensis,,,,,"Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000","The taxonomic status of Parazacco babeensis is unclear." 188050,Tachysurus tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,tonkinensis,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species. 188051,Sinibotia longiventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Sinibotia,longiventralis,,,,,"(Yang & Chen, 1992)", 188052,Terateleotris aspro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Terateleotris,aspro,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1998)", 188054,Toxotes microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TOXOTIDAE,Toxotes,microlepis,,,,,"Günther, 1860",The taxonomic identity of populations from mainland southeast Asia and from Sunderland require investigation. 188055,Sinibrama affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Sinibrama,affinis,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1892)","Chevey and Lemasson (1937) recognized two species, S. affinis and S. melrosei, in the Red River. As they look quite different in their figures, further investigation is needed (Kottelat 2001)." 188057,Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,hagiangensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","
" 188058,Trichopsis schalleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopsis,schalleri,,,,,"Ladiges, 1962", 188060,Micronema cheveyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Micronema,cheveyi,,,,,"(Durand, 1940)","The species was described from the Kaskos River, Cambodia as Cryptopterus cheveyi Durand, 1940.

Micronema moorei was described from the Chao Phraya River in Thailand and has been considered a junior synonym of cheveyi, however Ferraris (2007) recognises it as distinct; this requires further confirmation." 188061,Opsarius barnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,barnoides,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)", 188062,Systomus rubripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,rubripinnis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)",This may represent more than one species due to the disjunct nature of its distribution. 188063,Schistura tizardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,tizardi,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 188064,Vanmanenia crassicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,crassicauda,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 188066,Odontobutis potamophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Odontobutis,potamophilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 188067,Tor yingjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,yingjiangensis,,,,,"Chen & Yang, 2004","Tor yingjiangensis was described by Chen & Yang (2004) from the Yingjiang River in Yunnan, P.R. China, part of the upper reaches of the Irrawady River System." 188068,Neolissochilus soro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,soro,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","The taxonomy of the genus Neolissochilus is still problematic because several species in the genus, including N. soro and N. soroides, still have unclear species delimitation, while different authors may recognize species in the genus differently. Kottelat (2013) recognized N. soro, N. soroides, and N. tweediei as three valid species. In contrast, Khaironizam et al. (2015) recognized both N. soro and N. tweediei as junior synonyms of N. soroides, while Fricke et al. (2020) treated N. tweediei as a junior synonym of N. soro. Scharpf (2015) also argued that the synonymisation of N. soro with N. soroides by Khaironizam et al. (2015) is erroneous because Khaironizam et al. (2015) did not refer to the actual N. soro (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1842), but instead to a non-taxonomic paper (Bishop 1973) identifying a species as Tor soro, which further they mistakenly called it as Tor soro Bishop 1973. While the recognition of Tor soro by Khaironizam et al. (2015) as the synonym of N. soroides clearly can not be followed in any taxonomic assessment, the taxonomy of N. soro remains problematic and its taxonomic status remains in question, partly due to the fact that its holotype is presumed lost (Scharpf 2015)." 188069,Spinibarbus maensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Spinibarbus,maensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Duong & Tran, 2007"," Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic identity of this species. " 188070,Homaloptera modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,modesta,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)", 188071,Schistura uniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,uniformis,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Schistura uniformis was described by Mai 1975 from northern Viet Nam (without a precise description of the locality). According to Kottelat (2001), S. uniformis is a tentative synonym of Schistura incerta (Nichols 1931). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188072,Sinogastromyzon daon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,daon,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Sinogastromyzon daon was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Nâm So River (Black River drainage) in northwestern Viet Nam (Phong Châu district, Lai Châu Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188073,Vanmanenia striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,striata,,,,,"Chen, 1980","Vanmanenia striata is possibly a synonym of Vanmanenia tetraloba (Mai, 1978). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188075,Vanmanenia multiloba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,multiloba,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)",Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001). 188076,Sundasalanx mekongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,SUNDASALANGIDAE,Sundasalanx,mekongensis,,,,,"Britz & Kottelat, 1999","At least two species of Sundasalanx, if not more, are considered to be present within the Mekong basin; S. mekongensis is certain, while S. praecox is less certain, but is at least plausible. Additionally, some of the records of S. praecox and S. mekongensis in the Mekong may be misidentified (C. Vidthayanon and W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011), which is not surprising if there is more than one species there." 188078,Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Tuberoschistura,cambodgiensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 188080,Hypsibarbus birtwistlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,birtwistlei,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)",Considered to be correctly placed in Poropuntius by some authorities. 188081,Schistura suber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,suber,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 188082,Pseudogastromyzon daon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Pseudogastromyzon,daon,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)",The validity of this species needs to be confirmed. 188083,Schistura similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,similis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 188084,Pseudobagarius subtilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,subtilis,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 1998)",This species was described as a species of Akysis in the A. pseudobagarius group from the Mekong River in northeastern Thailand (Ng and Kottelat 1998). Ferraris (2007) subsequently assigned this species and all other members of the A. pseudobagarius group to the genus Pseudobagarius. 188086,Poropuntius baolacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,baolacensis,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2001)","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species.
" 188087,Trichopodus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopodus,pectoralis,,,,,"Regan, 1910","
" 188089,Schistura yersini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,yersini,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 188090,Sikukia stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sikukia,stejnegeri,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 188092,Carassioides phongnhaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carassioides,phongnhaensis,,,,,"Tu & Tuan, 2003",The species is only known from the type series and further research is required to confirm the taxonomic status of the the species. 188094,Trigonostigma espei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Trigonostigma,espei,,,,,"(Meinken, 1967)", 188095,Homaloptera sexmaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,sexmaculata,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 188096,Gymnostomus caudimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,caudimaculatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","The genus was recognised as Cirrhinus or Henicorhynchus by several references. Taxonomic observation by M. Kottelat (pers. comm. 2011) found the type species of its cogeneric Gymnostomus." 188097,Traccatichthys taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Traccatichthys,taeniatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)", 188099,Schistura hagiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,hagiangensis,,,,,"(Nguyen, 2005)","Schistura hagiangensis was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Lo River (Song Lô) drainage in northern Viet Nam (near the city Hà Giang, Hà Giang Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 188102,Trichopsis pumila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopsis,pumila,,,,,"(Arnold, 1936)", 188103,Schistura sigillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sigillata,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 188106,Tor mosal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,mosal,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","

Much confusion has surrounded the identity and distribution of the 'mosal', Tor mosal. Although the species was described by Hamilton (1822), several authors have wrongly attributed the species authority to ‘Sykes’ (e.g. Khare et al. 2014; Lakra et al. 2010; Mohindra et al. 2007). Francis Hamilton described T. mosal from the Kosi, a river flowing from through Tibet and Nepal before entering the Indian State of Bihar, but many authors have wrongly considered the type locality of T. mosal to be ‘Kosi’ – another river by the same name which is a tributary of the Ramganga in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand (see Raghavan et al. 2017). Adding to this uncertainty has been the suggestion (see Menon 1992; 1999) that T. mosal is a synonym of the wide ranging golden mahseer, T. putitora; although both species can easily be distinguished by their fin ray counts (13 vs. 11 dorsal fin rays, 17 vs. 15 pectoral fin rays; 8 vs. 7 anal fin rays) (see Hamilton 1822) and additional morphological characters mentioned in Hora (1940).

" 188108,Sinogastromyzon hexaocellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,hexaocellum,,,,,"Nguyen, 2005","Sinogastromyzon hexaocellum was described by Nguyen 2005 from the Nâm So River (Black River drainage) in northwestern Viet Nam (Phong Châu district, Lai Châu Province).
" 188110,Macrognathus perakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,perakensis,,,,,"Herre & Myers, 1937", 188112,Gymnostomus siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,siamensis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1881)", 18825,Ptychobranchus greenii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ptychobranchus,greenii,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 18826,Ptychobranchus jonesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ptychobranchus,jonesi,,,,,"(van der Schalie, 1934)", 188304,Abudefduf abdominalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,abdominalis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 188315,Chromis enchrysura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,enchrysura,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882",The Brazilian population is genetically distinct and is being described as a different species by a Brazilian group (L.A. Rocha pers. comm. 2010). 188318,Chromis dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,dimidiata,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 188319,Neopomacentrus aquadulcis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Neopomacentrus,aquadulcis,,,,,"Jenkins & Allen, 2002", 188320,Amphiprion bicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,bicinctus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1830", 188324,Chromis chromis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,chromis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 188326,Chromis cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,cinerascens,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 188327,Chromis flavipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,flavipectoralis,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 188340,Amphiprion perideraion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,perideraion,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 188343,Amblyglyphidodon curacao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,curacao,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 188344,Amphiprion omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,omanensis,,,,,"Allen & Mee, 1991", 188348,Amphiprion rubrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,rubrocinctus,,,,,"Richardson, 1842", 188352,Chromis cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,cadenati,,,,,"Whitley, 1951", 188366,Chromis caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,caudalis,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 188368,Abudefduf margariteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,margariteus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 188369,Chromis hypsilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,hypsilepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 188371,Abudefduf lorenzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,lorenzi,,,,,"Hensley & Allen, 1977", 188372,Amphiprion percula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,percula,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 188376,Chromis lubbocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,lubbocki,,,,,"Edwards, 1986", 188382,Chromis analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,analis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 188390,Abudefduf conformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,conformis,,,,,"Randall & Earle, 1999", 188397,Altrichthys curatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Altrichthys,curatus,,,,,"Allen, 1999", 188398,Chromis amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,amboinensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1873)", 188401,Abudefduf sparoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,sparoides,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 188409,Chromis fatuhivae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,fatuhivae,,,,,"Randall, 2001", 188414,Chromis dispilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,dispilus,,,,,"Griffin, 1923", 188419,Abudefduf luridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,luridus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","Ongoing genetic studies indicate that this species belongs to another genus, as of yet undetermined (L.A. Rocha pers. comm. 2010)." 188423,Chromis alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,alleni,,,,,"Randall, Ida & Moyer, 1981", 188425,Chrysiptera unimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chrysiptera,unimaculata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)",This species as currently defined most likely represents two species: an Indian Ocean form and a west Pacific form (Allen pers. comm. 2010). 188426,Amblypomacentrus clarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblypomacentrus,clarus,,,,,"Allen & Adrim, 2000", 188430,Chromis atripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,atripes,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928", 188434,Abudefduf taurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,taurus,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1848)", 188445,Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,leucogaster,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1847)", 188450,Amblypomacentrus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblypomacentrus,breviceps,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1839)", 188453,Abudefduf septemfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,septemfasciatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 188463,Amphiprion ephippium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,ephippium,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 188464,Acanthochromis polyacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Acanthochromis,polyacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","Unlike nearly all other members of the family, this species has non-pelagic larvae.  Therefore, many isolated geographic populations exist.  Genetic data indicates a complexity of populations and subpopulations.  Populations separated by as little as 30 km may have drastically different color patterns.  Currently, only a single species is recognized but future genetic/morphological data may result in several valid species. " 188467,Abudefduf sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,sordidus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 188469,Chromis scotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,scotti,,,,,"Emery, 1968", 188470,Amphiprion allardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,allardi,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1970","This species has been sometimes confused with Amphiprion latifasciatus (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2010)." 188471,Stegastes otophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,otophorus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Rivas (1960) considered Stegastes otophorus (Poey 1860) a junior synonym of S. leucostictus (Müller & Troschel 1848), but Topp (1970) redescribed S. otophorus as a valid species (Garrido and Varela 2011) and both species are considered valid in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer 2015)." 188472,Altrichthys azurelineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Altrichthys,azurelineatus,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1928)", 188474,Amblyglyphidodon melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,melanopterus,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 2002", 188483,Chromis albomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,albomaculata,,,,,"Kamohara, 1960", 188486,Chromis limbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,limbata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)",

The Azores Chromis (Chromis limbata) was long considered the same species as the Mediterranean Damselfish (Chromis chromis) (Wirtz 1994).

188491,Amphiprion melanopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,melanopus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 188496,Stegastes planifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,planifrons,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 188500,Chromis axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,axillaris,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)", 188502,Pomacentrus taeniometopon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Pomacentrus,taeniometopon,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 188505,Chromis flavapicis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,flavapicis,,,,,"Randall, 2001", 188507,Amphiprion chagosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,chagosensis,,,,,"Allen, 1972", 188508,Amphiprion fuscocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,fuscocaudatus,,,,,"Allen, 1972", 188511,Chromis delta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,delta,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 188518,Amphiprion frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,frenatus,,,,,"Brevoort, 1856", 188520,Chromis abrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,abrupta,,,,,"Randall, 2001", 188523,Abudefduf whitleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,whitleyi,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1974", 188528,Amblyglyphidodon batunai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,batunai,,,,,"Allen, 1995", 188532,Abudefduf bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,bengalensis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 188537,Abudefduf notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,notatus,,,,,"(Day, 1870)", 188538,Amphiprion akallopisos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,akallopisos,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 188539,Stegastes partitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,partitus,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)",Stegastes partitus shows weak genetic differentiation across the entire Caribbean basin (Hogan et al. 2012). 188542,Abudefduf natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,natalensis,,,,,"Hensley & Randall, 1983", 188546,Amblyglyphidodon ternatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,ternatensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 188551,Stegastes adustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,adustus,,,,,"(Troschel, 1865)", 188552,Amphiprion akindynos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,akindynos,,,,,"Allen, 1972","This species is sometimes confused with A. chrysopterus." 188556,Chromis fumea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,fumea,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1917)", 188557,Abudefduf sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,sexfasciatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 188560,Amblyglyphidodon flavilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,flavilatus,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1980", 188569,Stegastes leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,leucostictus,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1848)","Rivas (1960) considered Stegastes otophorus (Poey 1860) a junior synonym of S. leucostictus (Müller & Troschel 1848), but Topp (1970) redescribed S. otophorus as a valid species (Garrido and Varela 2011) and both species are considered valid in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer 2015)." 188572,Stegastes lubbocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,lubbocki,,,,,"Allen & Smith, 1992","This species is genetically identical to Stegastes sanctahelenae and Stegastes pictus, however, there are consistent colour differences between those species and they will probably retain species recognition (L.A. Rocha pers. comm. 2010)." 188579,Amphiprion polymnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,polymnus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 188580,Amblyglyphidodon aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,aureus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","The population from Cenderawasih Bay, West Papua (Indonesia), may be a separate species on the basis of genetic evidence." 188581,Abudefduf saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,saxatilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 188586,Stegastes imbricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,imbricatus,,,,,"Jenyns, 1840", 188590,Chromis elerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,elerae,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928", 188592,Stegastes diencaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,diencaeus,,,,,"(Jordan & Rutter, 1897)", 188596,Amblyglyphidodon indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amblyglyphidodon,indicus,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 2002", 188607,Chromis multilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,multilineata,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1853)","The eastern Atlantic population is genetically distinct from that in the western Atlantic, but the distinction is below the species level (Rocha et al. 2008)." 188609,Abudefduf vaigiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,vaigiensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 188610,Chromis dasygenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,dasygenys,,,,,"(Fowler, 1935)", 188617,Microspathodon chrysurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Microspathodon,chrysurus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 188620,Amphiprion tricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,tricinctus,,,,,"Schultz & Welander, 1953", 188622,Microspathodon frontatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Microspathodon,frontatus,,,,,"Emery, 1970", 188624,Chromis insolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,insolata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 188665,Assiminea borneensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,borneensis,,,,,"Issel, 1874", 188666,Paraprososthenia acicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,acicula,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 188667,Lacunopsis jullieni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,jullieni,,,,,"Deshayes, 1876", 188669,Pachydrobia bertini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,bertini,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 188671,Lacunopsis cainiewa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,cainiewa,,,,,"Davis, 1895", 188675,Bithynia morleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,morleti,,,,,"Wattebled, 1886","Described by Wattebled (1886) from Hue, coastal Viet Nam." 188676,Bithynia chaperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,chaperi,,,,,Morelet, 188679,Sulcospira tonkiniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,tonkiniana,,,,,"(Morelet, 1886)","Originally in the genus Adamietta, this species is now recognised within the genus Sulcospira (Köhler and Dames 2009). The taxonomy of Vietnamese pachychilid fauna was reviewed by Köhler and Dames (2008), who recognise 17 synonyms of the species. Melania krempfi Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1907 may also be a synonym of this species (Köhler and Dames 2008)." 188682,Paraprososthenia adami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,adami,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 188684,Lacunopsis conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,conica,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 188685,Hydrorissoia hospitalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,hospitalis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","In 1968, Brandt described a species named Hydrorissoia hospitalis. In 1974 he mentioned that this species is so closely related to H. munensis that it could be treated as a local morph, appearing in the Mun River. Further taxonomic work is required on this species." 188687,Jullienia tricostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,tricostata,,,,,"Deshayes, 1876","Described as Lacunopsis tricostata Deshayes,1874. Brandt and Temcharoen (1971) referred this and two other Mekong river species to Wykoffia, and David (1979) placed Wykoffia in synonymy with Julliena." 188688,Paraprososthenia brandti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,brandti,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 188689,Stenothyra khongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,khongi,,,,,"Hoagland & Davis, 1979", 188691,Brotia baccata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,baccata,,,,,"Gould, 1847","Morrison (1954) considered Melania henriettae Gray, 1834 from China may be a synonym of this species." 188693,Mekongia sphaericula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,sphaericula,,,,,"Deshayes, 1876",Three subspecies have been described: Mekongia sphaericula sphaericula; Mekongia sphaericula extensa: Song Kram River; and Mekongia sphaericula spiralis: Lam Chi River. 188694,Bithynia moreletiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,moreletiana,,,,,"Nevill, 1877","Brandt (1974) considered Bithynia tonkiniana (Morlet) to be a synonym of this species." 188695,Lacunopsis concava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,concava,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 188700,Stenothyra laotiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,laotiensis,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 188703,Lacunopsis minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,minuta,,,,,"Annandale, 1919", 188706,Sulcospira dautzenbergiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,dautzenbergiana,,,,,"(Morlet, 1885)",Köhler and Dames (2009) placed the species in the genus Sulcospira. This species is not identical with Brotia dautzenbergiana as referred to by Köhler and Glaubrecht (2006). 188707,Hydrorissoia cambodiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,cambodiensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 188709,Karelainia hydrorissoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Karelainia,hydrorissoidea,,,,,"(Temcharoen, 1971)",This species was placed in the genus Karelainia by Davis (1981). 188711,Jullienia rolfbrandti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,rolfbrandti,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 188714,Sulcospira delavayana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,delavayana,,,,,"(Heude, 1888)","

Amended to the genus Sulcospira according to Kohler et al. (2009). Records of the species Melania delavayana are considered to refer to another, as yet undescribed, species (Köhler et al. 2009).

" 188716,Idiopoma javanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Idiopoma,javanica,,,,,"von dem Busch, 1844", 188717,Tricula conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,conica,,,,,"Brandt, 1970","Tricula conica is considered nomen dubium by S. Attwood (pers. comm. 2010)." 188718,Sulcospira hainanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,hainanensis,,,,,"(Brot, 1874)","This species is now placed in the genus Sulcospira, but was previously described as Brotia. Currently records from northern Viet Nam have been placed as this species, but it may well be that these are a different and distinct species, and if so then these populations will require a revised conservation listing (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2011)." 188719,Idiopoma simonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Idiopoma,simonis,,,,,"Bavay, 1898","Davis (1979) refers to the species as Idiopoma simonis, whereas in the Museum collections it is often referred to as Filopaludina simonis. The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision" 188720,Jullienia albaobscura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,albaobscura,,,,,Davis , 188721,Stenothyra messageri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,messageri,,,,,"Bavey & Dautzenberg, 1899", 188724,Paraprososthenia jullei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,jullei,,,,,Davis,The species description by Davis has not been published. 188725,Stenothyra huaimoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,huaimoi,,,,,"Hoagland & Davis, 1979", 188728,Paraprososthenia lynnei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,lynnei,,,,,Davis,The species description by Davis has not been published. 188731,Stenothyra koratensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,koratensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","Stenothyra koratensis combines the two subspecies S. k. koratensis and S. k. holosculpta." 188735,Paraprososthenia taylori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,taylori,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 188736,Hydrorissoia paviei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,paviei,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 188738,Brotia cylindrus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,cylindrus,,,,,"(Brot, 1886)",This species is only known from the type material with imprecise locality data so has never been recollected and therefore the taxonomic status is unclear (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2011). 188739,Filopaludina miveruensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Filopaludina,miveruensis,,,,,Smith,"There is some discrepancy with the data for this species, and it may well not be a valid species, as Smith mainly worked in other regions. We think that it may be a mistake in transcribing name the Viviparus or Bellamya mweruensis, an African species.
" 188740,Hubendickia velimirovichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,velimirovichi,,,,,Brandt,"The species was collected by Brandt in 1972 but does not appear in Brandt (1974). The species publication date is not known. An alternative (and possibly correct) spelling of the species epithet is velimirovici." 188742,Bithynia thatkeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,thatkeana,,,,,Mabille,"The date of description of this species is uncertain; Mabille published species from the region in 1883, 1886, and in 1889." 188747,Mekongia jullieni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,jullieni,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1876)", 188869,Phreatodrobia coronae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Phreatodrobia,coronae,,,,,"Hershler & Longley, 1987", 188871,Anodonta cyrea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,cyrea,,,,,"Drouët, 1881","Using Russian taxonomy, this species has been separated into Colletopterum cyreum (Drouët, 1881), Colletopterum bactrianum (Rolle, 1897) and Colletopterum kokandicum (Starobogatov & Izzatullaev, 1984)." 188874,Truncilla donaciformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Truncilla,donaciformis,,,,,"(Lea, 1828)","Other important synonyms include Unio zigzag (Lea, 1829).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188899,Planorbula armigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbula,armigera,,,,,"(Say, 1821)","This species was incorrectly listed as Planorbella armigera in Turgeon et al. (1988) and corrected in the appendix of Turgeon et al. (1998). A phylogenetic  study by Jung (1992) found that Planorbula respresents a distinct clade. Genetic examination of the molecular phylogeny of global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American taxa within the subfamily Planorbinae form a well-supported clade, as yet unnamed, but termed C-Clade (Albrecht et al. 2007)." 188908,Lampsilis teres,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,teres,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","Clench and Turner (1956) recognized the subspecies Lampsilis anodontoides floridensis (Lea 1852) (= teres floridensis) in the east Gulf drainages, separating it from typical Lampsilis anodontoides (= teres) by its smaller size and thinner shell. However, specimens from the Hillsborough River, the southernmost record for Lampsilis, become very large (up to 13.7 cm long) and somewhat thickened. Johnson (1970) recognized L. anodontoides. Johnson (1972), Heard (1979), and Turgeon et al. (1998) recognized L. teres. Oesch (1984) recognized both as distinct species. This taxon is in need of taxonomic verification to determine if there are multiple forms. More recently, Turgeon et al. (1998) recognized only L. teres and Parmalee and Bogan (1998) synonymized L. teres anodontoides and L. teres fallaciosa under Lampsilis teres. L.  floridensis has been elevated from the synonymy of L. teres based on shell morphology and genetic analysis (Williams et al. 2008). As a result, occurrences of what were formerly attributed to L. teres from the Tampa Bay drainages of Florida west to the Escambia River drainage in Alabama and Florida are now considered L. floridensis. Because conchological differences exhibited by the putative three subspecies of L. teres (L. teres teres, L. teres anadontoides and L. teres fallasciosa) appear to represent ecophenotypic variation the subspecies are not recognised by Turgeon et al. (1998) or Williams et al. (2008).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188910,Reginaia ebenus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Reginaia,ebenus,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 188912,Benedictia kotyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Benedictia,kotyensis,,,,,"Matiokin, Dzuban & Sitnikova, 1988", 188920,Laevapex fuscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Laevapex,fuscus,,,,,"(Adams, 1841)", 188932,Choanomphalus maacki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,maacki,,,,,"Gerstfeldt, 1859","Kantor et al. (2009) have listed the following as subspecies for Choanomphalus maacki: 
Choanomphalus maacki maacki Gerstfeldt, 1859;
Choanomphalus maacki andrussowianus (Lindholm, 1909);
Choanomphalus maacki elatior Lindholm, 1909.  
Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors." 188973,Villosa villosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Villosa,villosa,,,,,"(Wright, 1898)","Van der Schalie (1940) did not recognize this species from the Chipola River drainage. It appears his records of Carunculina vesicularis and some collections of Carunculina minor may be Villosa villosa, especially since one of his collections in the MCZ and several in the UMMZ were re-identified by Brim Box and Williams (2000) as V. villosa. Curiously, neither Clench and Turner (1956) nor Johnson (1970, 1972) noted that van der Schalie had overlooked this species from the Chipola River Basin. In addition, the series of historic lots from the Choctawhatchee River appear to be distinct from eastern populations. The entire genus is in need of thorough genetic studies to determine taxonomic validation of the many described and undescribed forms. Villosa villosa has also been confused with the conchologically similar Villosa vibex and Hamiota subangulata. This species is also known as Lampsilis (Villosa) wrightiana (Frierson, 1927).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188986,Cincinna kizakikoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Cincinna,kizakikoensis,,,,,"Fujita & Habe, 1991","This species was originally listed in the assessment as Valvata kizakikoensis though originally described as Cincinna kizakikoensis. But Cincinna is a genus created according to the Comparatory Method used by Russian taxonomists (and by extension Korean and Japanese ones) but is not recognized in Western taxonomy as a distinct genus according to the taxonomic criteria of the Biological Species Concept (BSP). Since the IUCN generally uses the BSP-criteria in their assessments, the name Cincinna should be replaced by Valvata otherwise e.g. the common European Valvata piscinalis also needs to be referred to as Cincinna piscinalis as is done in Russian literature.      .

The valvatid species that occurs in lakes on Iturup Island (South Kurile Islands, Russia) was originally (wrongly) identified as C. kizakikoensis but has subsequently been recognized as a distinct, endemic species, namely Cincinna chisimana Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1999, i.e. Valvata chisimana (Prozorova & Starobogatov 1999) (see Kantor et al. 2009).  Valvata kizakikoensis sensu stricto is hence only known from its original  type locality, namely Lake Kizaki and Lake Nakatsuna, Nagano Prefecture, Honshu, Japan and does not occur in the Kuriles." 188995,Hydrobia longiscata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,longiscata,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1856)", 188999,Choanomphalus cryptomphalus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,cryptomphalus,,,,,"Dybowski, 1901",Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 189001,Lymnaea bactriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,bactriana,,,,,"(Hutton, 1849)",Bargues et al. (2001) refer to the species as Radix bactriana. Kijashko (2009) refers to this species as Lymnaea baktriana. The correct spelling however is bactriana. 189004,Pyrgulopsis wongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,wongi,,,,,"Hershler, 1989", 189006,Stagnicola catascopium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,catascopium,,,,,"(Say, 1867)","It has been suggested that multiple existing taxa (montanensis, idahoensis and apicina) are synonyms of Stagnicola catascopium. However, NatureServe and other recent authors consider them separate taxa (Stagliano et al. 2007).

There are two recognised subspecies of S. catascopium:
Stagnicola catascopium catascopium (Say, 1867) Across North America below the tree line and south in the US to about 40 degrees N.
Stagnicola catascopium preblei (Dall, 1905) from northern Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, Nelson, and the churchill river systems in Canada.Stagnicola catascopium nasoni (Baker 1906) from the Great Lakes, from Lake Superior to western Lake Ontario, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, Rainy River system and Lake of the Woods (Clark 1981)." 189007,Pyganodon cataracta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pyganodon,cataracta,,,,,"(Say, 1817)","This species was placed in the newly elevated genus Pyganodon by Hoeh (1990). Recently, Zanatta et al. (2007) supported the monophyly of both Pyganodon and Utterbackia using mutation coding of allozyme data, but also resolved the Eurasian Anodonta cygnea to Pyganodon, Utterbackia, and North American Anodonta; indicating futher phylogenetic analysis of the Anodontinae is required including both North American and Eurasian species.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189022,Latia lateralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LATIIDAE,Latia,lateralis,,,,,"Gould, 1852", 189032,Musculium novaezelandiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,novaezelandiae,,,,,"Deshayes, 1853","There is some debate over whether the genus Musculium should in fact change to Sphaerium, with Musculium becoming demoted to subgenus level (Lee and O'Foighil 2003)." 189057,Phreatodrobia rotunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Phreatodrobia,rotunda,,,,,"Hershler & Longley, 1986", 189060,Eupera triangulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,triangulum,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1973","This species was previously on the Red List as Eupera triangularis Mandahl-Barth, 1973." 189067,Benedictia limnaeoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Benedictia,limnaeoides,,,,,"(Shrenck, 1867)","Kantor et al. (2009) recognise three subspecies of this species- B. limnaeoides limnaeoides (Schrenck, 1867), B. lumnaeoides ongurensis (Kozhov, 1936) and B. limnaeoides litoralis (Kozhov, 1936)." 189089,Benedictia nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Benedictia,nana,,,,,"Beckman & Starobogatov, 1975", 189092,Choanomphalus omphalotus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,omphalotus,,,,,"Dybowski, 1901",Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 189093,Pyganodon fragilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pyganodon,fragilis,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819","This species is not found in Graf and Cummings (2007), but is listed on the Mussel Project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011).
A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011).

This species was considered by some a trinomial form (subspecies) (see Clarke 1981). Pyganodon fragilis, Pyganodon cataracta, and Pyganodon marginata have been found to intergrade which confuses identifications.  Hoeh (1990) split Anodonta cataracta cataracta and Anodonta cataracta fragilis into distinct species (elevating Pyganodon to genus level in the process). Also Hoeh and Burch (1989) separated Anodonta lacustris as a valid species from Anodonta grandis and Anodonta cataracta and Hoeh (1990) placed them in Pyganodon as Anodonta marginata sensu strictu, is considered a nomen dubium (see Hoeh and Burch 1989). Although Hoeh (1990) indicated both Pyganodon fragilis and Pyganodon cataracta are distinct species and are unlikely to hybridize, potential hybridization still remains a possibility as traditional methods of distinguishing the two species (stomach anatomy, shell morphology, beak sculpture- when present) have proven unreliable (Hanlon and Smith 1999). Both spring and fall-breeding populations exist in the Avalon River in Newfoundland, thus genetic testing is required to determine if these are morphs or sibling species (Metcalfe-Smith and Cudmore-Vokey 2004). Recently, Zanatta et al. (2007) supported the monophyly of both Pyganodon and Utterbackia using mutation coding of allozyme data, but also resolved the Eurasian Anodonta cygnea to Pyganodon, Utterbackia, and North American Anodonta; indicating further phylogenetic analysis of the Anodontinae is required including both North American and Eurasian species. Recently, Cyr et al. (2007) found male and female mitochondrial genomes as well as morphology support the distinction between Pyganodon fragilis and Pyganodon cataracta (with likely a recent and possibly incomplete separation) although separation of the species morphologically is difficult due to hybridization, plastic shell characters, and morphological features not always present (such as beak sculpture)." 189102,Pyganodon grandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pyganodon,grandis,,,,,"Say, 1829",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 189123,Paraelona milachevitchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Paraelona,milachevitchi,,,,,"Beriozkina & Starobogatov, 1995","The type species for the genus Paraelona has been described on the base of a single specimen that has since been identified as a juvenile specimen of Bithynia tentaculata. Therefore, the genus Paraelona has no type species and according to Kantor et al. (2009), it is not a valid genus name." 189132,Pleurocera gradata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,gradata,,,,,"Anthony, 1854","Due to a lack of recent taxonomic work on North American Pleuroceridae, it is likely that many classifications are invalid. For example, this species is likely to be an ecophenotypic variant of Goniobasis clavaeformis (R. Dillon pers. comm. 2009)." 189135,Tryonia aequicostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,aequicostata,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1890)", 189153,Fontigens weberi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Fontigens,weberi,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1950","This species does not appear to be valid as it is not mentioned in Hershler et al. (1990)." 189154,Korotnewia korotnevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Korotnewia,korotnevi,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1909)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindlholm classified this into order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, however Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family of Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189156,Utterbackia imbecillis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Utterbackia,imbecillis,,,,,"Say, 1829","Recently, Zanatta et al. (2007) supported the monophyly of both Pyganodon and Utterbackia using mutation coding of allozyme data, but also resolved the Eurasian Anodonta cygnea to Pyganodon, Utterbackia, and North American Anodonta; indicating futher phylogenetic analysis of the Anodontinae is required including both North American and Eurasian species.
This species is also known under Anodonta imbecillis (Say, 1829) and Anodonta henryana (Lea, 1857). It is also often mispelt as imbecilis.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189173,Elimia proxima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,proxima,,,,,"(Say, 1825)","This may be part of a species complex and may be more than one species. Dillon et al. (2006) include Elimia symmetrica from South Carolina as a synonym of Elimia proxima. Dillon and Davis (1980) recognized three races of Goniobasis (= Elimia) proxima, which they included as senior synonym of Elimia symmetrica: Race A being the typical form found in the mountains and foothills, Race B inhabiting harder waters, and Race C inhabiting streams of lower flow in the eastern piedmont. All the South Carolina populations appear to be typical race-A (Dillon et al. 2006). Dawley (1965) notes similar confusion with Elimia symmetrica." 18917,Pupina difficilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Pupina,difficilis,,,,,"Semper, 1865","Pupina difficilis is here considered as a Palau endemic. However, it may be easily confused with other pupinids that occur in Micronesia or elsewhere in the Pacific. Future taxonomic revision may result in a change in its taxonomic and geographic status." 189180,Lymnaea hookeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,hookeri,,,,,"Reeve, 1850","Nesemann and Sharma (2005) and Yen (1943) refer to this species as Radix hookeri, whereas Kantor et al. (2009) refers to it as Lymnaea." 189185,Potamilus ohiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Potamilus,ohiensis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Proptera which was widely used in the 1950s and 1960s. A recent ruling published in the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1992) recommended retention of the older name Potamilus. In an analysis of systematic relationships of species in the genus Potamilus using DNA sequence data, Roe and Lydeard (1998) concluded that Potamilus is paraphyletic with Leptodea fragilis and Lampsilis ornata nested between Potamilus capax and the remaining Potamilus species (all of which appeared to be monophyletic).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189193,Toxolasma parvum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Toxolasma,parvum,,,,,"(Barnes, 1823)","This species was previously known as Carunculina parva (White & White 1997), Lampsilis parva, (Vaughn et al. 1996) and Lampsilis (Carunculina) parva (Barnes 1823). Recent spelling change from Toxolasma parvus to T. parvum, following review by Lee (2006).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189194,Erinna aulacospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Erinna,aulacospira,,,,,"(Ancey, 1889)","The last review of the Lymnaeid species on Hawaii was by Hubendick (1952) however little attention has been paid to the family since, and there were some issues noted by Morrison (1968). This family is still in need of taxonomic revision and surveys (Christensen et al. 2021)." 189210,Choanomphalus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Lindholm, 1909",Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 189215,Kolhymamnicola wasiliewae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Kolhymamnicola,wasiliewae,,,,,"Zatrawkin & Bogatov, 1988", 189217,Melanopsis trifasciata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,trifasciata,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)", 189234,Septaria laperousei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Septaria,laperousei,,,,,"Récluz, 1842", 189238,Pyrgulopsis greggi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,greggi,,,,,"Hershler, 1995", 189256,Catapyrgus spelaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Catapyrgus,spelaeus,,,,,"Climo, 1974", 189279,Lampsilis fasciola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,fasciola,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 189285,Ampullaceana dipkunensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Ampullaceana,dipkunensis,,,,,"(Gundrizer & Starobogatov, 1979)", 189290,Villosa delumbis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Villosa,delumbis,,,,,"Conrad, 1834",The entire genus is in need of thorough genetic studies to determine taxonomic validation of the many described and undescribed forms.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 189303,Pyrgulopsis diablensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,diablensis,,,,,"Hershler, 1995", 189304,Segmentina caucasica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,caucasica,,,,,"Kruglov & Soldatenko, 1997", 189325,Choanomphalus anomphalus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,anomphalus,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1901)",Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 189327,Pyrgulopsis longinqua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,longinqua,,,,,"Gould, 1855", 189346,Sphaerium baicalense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,baicalense,,,,,"Dybowski, 1902", 18934,Pyganodon gibbosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pyganodon,gibbosa,,,,,"(Say, 1824)", 189371,Alasmidonta triangulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,triangulata,,,,,"(Lea, 1858)","According to Clarke (1981), Alasmidonta triangulata is a synonym of Alasmidonta undulata. It is treated as a distinct species by Johnson (1970), Clench and Turner (1956), Brim Box and Williams (2000) and retained in the 1998 American Fisheries Society Publication (Turgeon et al. 1998); the species is in need of genetic determination.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189381,Pisidium hodgkini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,hodgkini,,,,,"Suter, 1905","The species has been listed in the family Sphaeriidae. Although some authors regard Pisidium as worthy of listing within a distinct family, Pisiidae, traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189394,Gyraulus circumstriatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,circumstriatus,,,,,"(Tryon, 1866)", 189432,Choanomphalus microtrochus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,microtrochus,,,,,"Lindholm, 1909",Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 189434,Toxolasma lividum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Toxolasma,lividum,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1831)","The spelling Toxolasma lividus formerly followed Turgeon et al. (1998). When the genus name Toxolasma was proposed by Rafinesque (1831), he did not designate a gender nor was it clear from the species included in the genus. A recent review of Toxolasma (Lee 2006) determined the gender is neuter and endings of four species have changed: Toxolasma lividus to lividum; Toxolasma parvus to parvum; Toxolasma paulus to paulum; and Toxolasma texasensis to texasense. Through misinterpretations of species identities and synonomy, Toxolasma has been considered to contain two to eight species (e.g., Johnson 1970, Burch 1975, Turgeon et al. 1988, Turgeon et al. 1998). Examination of museum vouchers indicate that there may be as many as fifteen species. These recent publications have been little more than species lists and present no explanation for the synonomies. The last such work to do so was Ortmann and Walker (1922) which mistakenly synonymized Toxolasma lividus under Carunculina moesta (Lea, 1841). In recent works, C. moesta has been interpreted as a junior synonym of Carunculina glans (Lea, 1834). However, Pilsbry and Rhoads (1896), Ortmann (1918), and Ortmann and Walker (1922) indicate that lividus and glans are not the same shell and probably represent different species. Williams et al. (2008), however, noted that there appears to be little evidence to support recognition of two subspecies.

The species is now considered likely to be a synonym of Toxolasma glans, although this still requires verification (J. Cordeiro pers. comm. 2011). As such, we follow the current taxonomic standing of Toxolasma lividium for the purpose of this assessment, until further taxonomic work suggests otherwise.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189436,Vitta virginea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Vitta,virginea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 189444,Bulimnaea megasoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Bulimnaea,megasoma,,,,,"(Say, 1824)", 189448,Lampsilis siliquoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,siliquoidea,,,,,"(Barnes, 1823)","The combination Lampsilis radiata luteola has been used incorrectly in place of Lampsilis siliquoidea and resulted in some confusion. For example, Lampsilis radiata luteola cited in Oesch (1984, 1995) is actually Lampsilis siliquoidea but the two names are not considered synonyms nor is siliquoidea considered a form or subspecies of radiata. Unio (= Lampsilis) luteola, previously confined to the Susquehanna and Mohawk Rivers (Johnson 1969), falls within the overall range of and is considered a junior synonym of Lampsilis radiata and not as a senior synonym of Lampsilis siliquoidea (see Turgeon et al. 1998).

Note that Watters et al. (2009) conclude that Unio siliquoidea Barnes, 1823, is a junior synonym of Unio luteola Lamarck, 1819, that intergraded with Lampsilis radiata radiata in northern New York in the Finger Lakes, Erie Canal, Mohawk, and upper Susquehanna Rivers; and therefore synonymize Lampsilis siliquoidea with Lampsilis radiata as a subspecies- Lampsilis radiata luteola.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189460,Galba exigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,exigua,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)","The ICZN (1999, opinion 1896) fixed Buccinum truncatulum Muller, 1774 as the type species of the nominal genus Galba Schrank, 1803; it also placed Galba Schrank, 1803 on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology, thereby replacing the current usage of the name Fossaria Westerlund, 1885, which now a junior objective synonym. 

In Europe Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba based on ICZN opinion 1896, whereas in North American Fossaria was used for this genus (Turgeon et al., 1998).  The latest publication on the conservation status of the North America Gastropods (Johnson et al., 2013) used Galba for the genus in North America, thus the IUCN Red List is now following this convention and all species previously recognised as Fossaria are now in genus Galba." 189478,Kobeltocochlea lindholmiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Kobeltocochlea,lindholmiana,,,,,"Sitnikova, 1987", 189484,Fluminicola modoci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Fluminicola,modoci,,,,,"Hannibal, 1912", 189489,Kobeltocochlea falsipumyla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Kobeltocochlea,falsipumyla,,,,,"Sitnikova, 2000", 189493,Laevicaspia caspia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Laevicaspia,caspia,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1838)", 189496,Lampsilis hydiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,hydiana,,,,,(Lea. 1838),A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 189497,Lyogyrus latus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Lyogyrus,latus,,,,,"Thompson & Hershler, 1991", 189498,Opacuincola caeca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,caeca,,,,,"Ponder, 1966", 189532,Phreatodrobia nugax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Phreatodrobia,nugax,,,,,"Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906","Phreatodrobia nugax was originally thought to be a subspecies of P. micra, but has now been described as a seperate species. There is still debate over the true taxonomy of this species (Fullington 1978). Two subspecies of this species exist - P. nugax nugax and P. nugax inclinata, the latter of which is only known from one locality at Longhorn Portland Cement Company Well (Hershler and Longley 1986)." 189539,Elliptio roanokensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,roanokensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. Johnson (1970) considered Elliptio roanokensis a synonym of Elliptio complanata. E. roanokensis is a distinct, large freshwater mussel with branched papillae. NC Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) field experience indicates that what had been called Elliptio judithae from the Neuse drainage is a synonym of Elliptio roanokensis. This view has been tentatively supported by other malacologists (Art Bogan, North Carolina State Museum; John Alderman, North Carolina Resource Commission) based on conchological and soft-tissue features. Clarke (1986) described Elliptio judithae from the Neuse River, but his description of the species matched that of smaller individuals of Elliptio roanokensis (Adams et al. 1990).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189542,Choanomphalus lindholmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,lindholmi,,,,,"Beckman & Starobogatov, 1975",Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 189560,Villosa constricta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Villosa,constricta,,,,,"(Conrad, 1838)","This species is also known as Unio genthii (Lea, 1857). A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189566,Villosa taeniata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Villosa,taeniata,,,,,"Conrad, 1834","Synonyms include: Unio pictus (Lea, 1834), Ligumia picta (Lea, 1834) and Ligumia menkiana (Lea, 1838).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189570,Viviparus costae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,costae,,,,,"Heldreich in Mousson, 1863","In some regions this is considered a subspecies of the more widespread V. viviparus. However in Russia it is still considered a separate species (Kantor et al, 2010), hence on a precautionary basis it is treated as a full species.
" 189578,Planorbella oregonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,oregonensis,,,,,"(Tryon, 1865)", 18960,Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,bruneauensis,,,,,"Hershler, 1990", 189611,Choanomphalus eurystomus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,eurystomus,,,,,"Lindholm, 1909",This species is also known with the spelling variation Choanomphalus euristomus. Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 18961,Marstonia castor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,castor,,,,,"F.G. Thompson, 1977","The genus Marstonia formerly was relegated to synonymy with Pyrgulopsis by Hershler and Thompson (1987). But Thompson and Hershler (2002) later re-evaluated eastern North American species assigned to Pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus Marstonia (J. Cordeiro pers. comm. 2010)." 189636,Pyrgulopsis pilsbryana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,pilsbryana,,,,,"J.L. Baily & R.I. Baily, 1952","Pyruglopsis pilsbryana is possibly a composite of multiple taxa (J. Cordeiro pers. comm. 2011)." 18963,Pyrgulopsis conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,conica,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 189641,Ladislavella elodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Ladislavella,elodes,,,,,"(Say, 1821)","Burch (1989) considers Stagnicola reflexa a morph of Stagnicola elodes. The genus Stagnicola leach in Jeffreys (1830) is based on the European Buccinum palustre Muller (1774). Jackiewicz (1959) has shown that several distinct species have been erroneously listed under the name palustris. The anatomical type utilized by Muller for his species is not known and therefore, Burch (1989) and Turgeon et al. (1998) have chosen not to recognize Stagnicola palustris in North America but to utilize the first name applied specificially to a North American palustris-like snail, Say's Lymnaea elodes (Say, 1821)." 189644,Galba perplexa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,perplexa,,,,,"(Baker & Henderson, 1929)","Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba to maintain taxonomic stability between European and North American species of this genus.

Hubendick (1951) recognised several species in the genus in North America and linked this species to Fossaria humilis as a variety or form. Burch (1989) follows Baker listing this species as a form of the group Fossaria bulimoides. The Fossaria bulimoides group is in flux (Burch 1989; Hubendick, 1951) with species variably recognised as forms, varieties subspecies or full species." 189647,Elimia plicatastriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,plicatastriata,,,,,"(Wetherby, 1876)","There is some taxonomic confusion over whether Elimia plicatastriata is a distinct species, or just a spring or small creek morph of E. edgariana or E. curreyana (NatureServe 2010)." 189649,Galba peninsulae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,peninsulae,,,,,"(Walker, 1908)","This species is classified on NatureServe as Global Heritage Status Rank of G5Q - The Q indicates questionable taxonomy that may reduce conservation priority (Distinctiveness of this entity as a taxon or ecosystem type at the current level is questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a species to a subspecies or hybrid, or inclusion of this taxon or type in another taxon or type, with the resulting taxon having a lower-priority (numerically higher) conservation status rank.)

The ICZN (1999, opinion 1896) fixed Buccinum truncatulum Muller, 1774 as the type species of the nominal genus Galba Schrank, 1803; it also placed Galba Schrank, 1803 on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology, thereby replacing the current usage of the name Fossaria Westerlund, 1885, which now a junior objective synonym. 

In Europe Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba based on ICZN opinion 1896, whereas in North American Fossaria was used for this genus (Turgeon et al., 1998).  The latest publication on the conservation status of the North America Gastropods (Johnson et al., 2013) used Galba for the genus in North America, thus the IUCN Red List is now following this convention and all species previously recognised as Fossaria are now in genus Galba.

This species is part of the Fossaria obrussa complex.  Hubendick (1951) differs from Baker (1911), who recognized several species in this genus in North America, in linking this species to Fossaria humilis.  Burch (1989) follows Baker (1928) in recognizing Fossaria obrussa, Fossaria exigua, Fossaria modicella, Fossaria peninsulae and Fossaria rustica in the Fossaria obrussa group.  By contrast Dillon et al. (2006) list Fossaria peninsulae (as well as Fossaria cyclostoma, Fossaria dalli, Fossaria exigua, Fossaria galbana, Fossaria modicella, Fossaria obrussa, Fossaria parva, Fossaria rustica and Fossaria tazewelliana) as junior synonms of Fossaria humilis based on observational similarity (see Hubendick, 1951).

The species is still listed for the publication on the conservation status of the North America Gastropods (Johnson et al., 2013) and hence is considered as valid for the IUCN Red List pending further investigations." 189651,Rhodacmea hinkleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Rhodacmea,hinkleyi,,,,,"(Walker, 1908)","Genetic examination of the molecular phylogeny of global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American ancylid taxa form a well-supported clade, the Bulinini; however, the genus Rhodacmea was not included in the analysis (Albrecht et al. 2007).

The genus is listed as Rhodacmea in Turgeon et al. (1998) but Rhodacmea is a synonym.  Although both genera were named by Walker (1918), Rhodacmea was listed first and has seniority.
" 189654,Tryonia diaboli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,diaboli,,,,,"Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1906", 189655,Aphaostracon hypohyalinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aphaostracon,hypohyalinum,,,,,"F.G. Thompson, 1968", 189657,Elimia arachnoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,arachnoidea,,,,,"(Anthony, 1854)","It is sometimes divided into subspecies arachnoidea from small streams of East Tennessee and subspecies spinella from small streams of Lee and Scott Cos., Virginia, and Claiborne Co., Tennessee (Goodrich 1940, Burch 1989)." 189659,Elimia bellacrenata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,bellacrenata,,,,,"(Haldeman, 1841)","This species' taxonomic validity is questionable (it is unknown whether it is separate from E. cochlaris). In an unpublished study of molecular systematics, Campbell and Harris (2006) found this species relatively close to two Elimia annettae used in the study and to Elimia bullula; however, it may be a distinct species." 189660,Stagnicola idahoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,idahoensis,,,,,"(Henderson, 1931)","Despite the long-standing recognition of this taxon as a valid species, it has been suggested that multiple existing taxa (montanensis, idahoensis and apicina) are synonyms of Stagnicola catascopium. In particular, this taxon appears to be closely allied with S. apicina (Stagliano et al. 2007). For the purpose of this assessment, we follow the general acceptance of S. idahoensis as a valid species.

Hubendick (1951, in NatureServe 2010) includes this species as a form of S. emarginata." 189661,Gundlachia radiatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gundlachia,radiatus,,,,,"(Guilding, 1829)","Burch (1982) states this species is likely to be a growth variant of Ancylus havanensis Pfeiffer, 1839, which is a synonym of Ancylus radiatus Guilding, 1829 (Harry and Gubendick 1964)." 189668,Menetus alabamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Menetus,alabamensis,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1895)","The taxonomic validity of this species is questionable. Genetic examination of molecular phylogeny of global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American taxa within the subfamily Planorbinae form a well-supported clade, as yet unnamed, but termed C-Clade (Albrecht et al. 2007). This species may not be distinct from Micromenetus brogiartianus, from which it cannot be separated morphologically, so that the systematics need re-examination (M. Gordon pers. comm. 1993, Burch 1982, 1989). It is included in the 1998 American Fisheries Society publication (Turgeon et al. 1998), however, without any explanation. Thompson (1999) lists this species as a junior synonym of Micromenetus brogniartianus, at least in Florida. This species is considered a synonym of dilatatus according to FWGNA 2011. Baker (1945) treated Micromenetus as a subgenus of Menetus." 18966,Pyrgulopsis erythropoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,erythropoma,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1899)", 189670,Tryonia salina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,salina,,,,,"Hershler, 1989", 189674,Heleobops docima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobops,docima,,,,,"Thompson, 1968", 189675,Neritina granosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,granosa,,,,,"Sowerby, 1825", 189676,Juga occata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Juga,occata,,,,,"(Hinds, 1844)"," The validity of this species is unclear, but this was not addressed in the latest taxonomic assessment of Juga (Strong and Frest, 2007)." 189677,Elimia caelatura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,caelatura,,,,,"(Reeve, 1860)","The taxonomy of this species is complex and needs to be examined (C. Lydeard pers. comm. 2000). Thompson (2000) claims Elimia bentonensis is a junior synonym of Elimia caelatura from the Savannah River System (based on type specimens and personal observations, including a lectotype designation) and E. bentonensis collected in St. Clair Co., Alabama, by Goodrich is actually Elimia godwini.

Thompson (2000) claims the name Elimia caelatura was incorrectly applied to Coosa River snails (these he reattributed to Elimia lecontiana) and E. caelatura is actually the common large-river species in the Savannah River near Georgia, and its tributary, the Broad River. Thompson (2000) also proposes a common name change to Savannah Elimia. Dillon et al. (2006) suggest synonymy of several species, including Elimia caelatura, Elimia darwini, Elimia mutabilis, Elimia albanyensis, Elimia boykiniana, Elimia postelli, Elimia suturalis, and Elimia viennaensis with Elimia catenaria, based on observational data (morphological characters that are difficult to distinguish)." 18967,Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,fairbanksensis,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 189681,Pyrgulopsis ventricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,ventricosa,,,,,"Hershler, 1995", 189692,Menetus dilatatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Menetus,dilatatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)","Genetic examination of molecular phylogeny of the global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American taxa within the subfamily Planorbinae form a well-supported clade, as yet unnamed, but termed C-Clade (Albrecht et al. 2007)." 189694,Physa zionis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,zionis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1926","This species was placed in the genus Stenophysa by Taylor (2003), but subsequent molecular analyses included it within the family Physidae and genus Physa (Wethington and Lydeard 2007)." 18969,Pyrgulopsis glandulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,glandulosa,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 189723,Asiagomphus gongshanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,gongshanensis,,,,,"Yang, Mao & Zhang, 2006","The species was described from a single female specimen, said to resemble A. personatus (Yang et al. 2006). In these circumstances there is considerable doubt that it is a distinct species." 189727,Ceriagrion rubiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,rubiae,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1916", 189728,Sepia grahami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,grahami,,,,,"Reid, 2001","This species is commonly confused with Sepia mestus Gray, 1849 and Sepia rozella (Iredale, 1926)." 189729,Sepia ramani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,ramani,,,,,"Neethiselvan, 2001","This species appears to be part of the Sepia pharaonis species complex (Anderson et al. 2011)." 18972,Pyrgulopsis metcalfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,metcalfi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1987)", 189730,Sepia prabahari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,prabahari,,,,,"Neethiselvan & Venkatarmani, 2002", 189731,Sepia smithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,smithi,,,,,"Hoyle, 1885", 189732,Sepia subplana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,subplana,,,,,"Lu & Boucher-Rodoni, 2001",This species is only known from two specimens. 189733,Sepia vecchioni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,vecchioni,,,,,"Neethiselvan & Venkataramani, 2010", 189734,Sepia furcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,furcata,,,,,"Ho & Lu, 2005", 189735,Sepia hirunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,hirunda,,,,,"Ho & Lu, 2005", 189736,Sepia filibrachia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIIDAE,Sepia,filibrachia,,,,,"Reid & Lu, 2005", 189738,Amphorateuthis alveatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Amphorateuthis,alveatus,,,,,"Young, Vecchione & Roper, 2007", 189740,Choneteuthis tongaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Choneteuthis,tongaensis,,,,,"Lu & Boucher-Rodoni, 2006","This species is known from three specimens, the largest of which is 33.8 mm ML (holotype). The holotype is a female missing tentacles as is the second paratype. The first paratype is a male known from only the head and brachial crown (Lu and Young 2007)." 189742,Sepioloidea magna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIIDA,SEPIADARIIDAE,Sepioloidea,magna,,,,,"Reid, 2009", 189744,Clinus arborescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,arborescens,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908","

Clinus arborescens was formerly a variety of Clinus supercilious (Holleman 2012, Patzner et al. 2009).

" 189746,Enneapterygius hsiojenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,hsiojenae,,,,,"Shen, 1994", 189747,Enneapterygius leucopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,leucopunctatus,,,,,"Shen, 1994", 189748,Enneapterygius pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,pallidus,,,,,"Clark, 1980","Fricke (1997, 2005) placed E. pallidus into synonym with E. pusillus, but this synonymy is invalid (Holleman 2005)." 18974,Pyrgulopsis montezumensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,montezumensis,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 189750,Helcogramma ascensionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,ascensionis,,,,,"Lubbock, 1980", 189752,Ruanoho whero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Ruanoho,whero,,,,,"Hardy, 1986","

Previously, this species has been treated as a synonym of Ruanoho decemdigitatus. However, molecular work (e.g. Hickey and Clements 2005, Feary et al. 2009) and ecological studies (Wellenreuther et al. 2008) prove that it is a valid species.

" 189763,Angulyagra boettgeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Angulyagra,boettgeri,,,,,"Heude, 1869","The species was originally described by Heude from China, from Hainan and Guangdong. However, the current distribution is uncertain, and it is possibly quite widespread. It was synonymised with Bellamya quadrata by Yen (1943). Other authors continue to recognise this as a valid taxa, so it requires taxonomic review." 189765,Karelainia davisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Karelainia,davisi,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)","Karelainia davisi was first described as Paraprososthenia davisi Brandt, 1968, but amended to Karelainia davisi by Davis (2007)." 189766,Brotia dautzenbergiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,dautzenbergiana,,,,,"(Morelet,1884)","Köhler erroneously introduced this name in reference to Melania dautzenbergiana Morlet, 1885, which is a member of the genus Sulcospira from Cambodia. Another name erroneously used for this species is ""Brotia citrina"" by Brandt, 1974. However, Brotia citrina as described by Brot in 1861 is a distinct species. 

Köhler and Glaubrecht (2006) were the first to introduce an unoccupied name for this species. Their description fulfils the nomenclatural requirements and therefore the introduced name is considered the valid name of this species.

" 189767,Neoprososthenia poirieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Neoprososthenia,poirieri,,,,,"(Brandt, 1970)", 189770,Paludomus messageri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,messageri,,,,,"Bavay and Dautzenberg, 1900", 189773,Paraprososthenia fischerpiettei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,fischerpiettei,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 189776,Colligyrus greggi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Colligyrus,greggi,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1935", 18978,Marstonia ogmoraphe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,ogmoraphe,,,,,"(Thompson, 1977)","The genus Marstonia formerly was relegated to synonymy with Pyrgulopsis by Hershler and Thompson (1987). But Thompson and Hershler (2002) later re-evaluated eastern North American species and assigned to Pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus Marstonia (J. Cordiero pers. comm. 2010)." 189803,Lymnaea curtacorvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,curtacorvus,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1984", 189805,Caledoconcha carnosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Caledoconcha,carnosa,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 18980,Marstonia ozarkensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,ozarkensis,,,,,"(Hinkley, 1915)","The genus Marstonia formerly was relegated to synonymy with Pyrgulopsis by Hershler and Thompson (1987). But Thompson and Hershler (2002) later re-evaluated eastern North American species and assigned to Pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus Marstonia (J. Cordeiro pers. comm. 2010)." 189810,Clinus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,ornatus,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908","

Clinus ornatus was formerly a variety of Clinus supercilious. It has recently been elevated to species (Holleman 2012).

 

" 189819,Strongylura notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,notata,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Two subspecies are recognized: Strongylura notata notata (Poey, 1860) from Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Belize, and Honduras and Strongylura notata forsythia Breder, 1932 from the Bahamas, Florida Keys, and southern Florida (Collette 2002)." 18985,Pyrgulopsis roswellensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,roswellensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 18988,Pyrgulopsis thermalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,thermalis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1987)", 18990,Pyrgulopsis trivialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,trivialis,,,,,"(D.W. Taylor, 1987)", 18991,Pyrgulopsis bernardina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,bernardina,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 190071,Channomuraena vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Channomuraena,vittata,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)", 190078,Ariopsis assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Ariopsis,assimilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 190083,Lutjanus mahogoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,mahogoni,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 190085,Xenomystax congroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Xenomystax,congroides,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1989", 190096,Rhynchoconger guppyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Rhynchoconger,guppyi,,,,,"(Norman, 1925)", 190097,Bellator brachychir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,brachychir,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)", 190104,Anchoa parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,parva,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)", 190106,Lactophrys bicaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Lactophrys,bicaudalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190119,Notarius quadriscutis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,quadriscutis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","The species was listed in the genus Notarius by Betancur-R. et al. (2007). A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014)." 190120,Myrophis anterodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrophis,anterodorsalis,,,,,"McCosker, Böhlke & Böhlke, 1989", 190128,Muraena melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,melanotis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1860)", 190132,Haemulon plumierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,plumierii,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","Three distinct lineages of this species have been identified through mitochondrial DNA analysis: 1) a northern type found from the Carolinas south to the Florida Keys, and off Panama City, Florida; 2) a southern form found in the Florida Keys, Yucatan, Belize and Puerto Rico; and 3) a third found exclusively in Trinidad (Chapman et al. 1999)." 190136,Ogcocephalus pantostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,pantostictus,,,,,"Bradbury, 1980", 190138,Rhomboplites aurorubens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Rhomboplites,aurorubens,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190140,Hyperoglyphe bythites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Hyperoglyphe,bythites,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1954)", 190142,Hoplunnis tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Hoplunnis,tenuis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1951", 190153,Cynoponticus savanna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENESOCIDAE,Cynoponticus,savanna,,,,,"(Bancroft, 1831)", 190160,Ophichthus ophis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,ophis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190166,Ariosoma anale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,anale,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 190170,Lutjanus buccanella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,buccanella,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 190172,Canthigaster figueiredoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,figueiredoi,,,,,"Moura & Castro, 2002","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Genetic analysis revealed no difference between three similar Atlantic species, C. rostrata (Bloch), C. figueiredoi Moura & Castro, and C. supramacula Moura & Castro (L.A. Rocha, unpublished data)." 190193,Sphoeroides pachygaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,pachygaster,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1848)","In a study focusing on Colomesus pufferfishes, Amaral et al. (2013) produced evidence suggesting that Sphoeroides pachygaster be excluded from Sphoeroides based on the few species of that genus that this study sampled; further comparative investigations on the molecular and morphological features of all Sphoeroides spp. is highly desirable." 190196,Halosaurus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Halosaurus,guentheri,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 190199,Bellator ribeiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,ribeiroi,,,,,"Miller, 1965", 190202,Saurenchelys cognita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Saurenchelys,cognita,,,,,"Smith, 1989", 190206,Haemulon album,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,album,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 190212,Callechelys springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,springeri,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1951)","The status of this species is not certain as it is known from three specimens collected in poor condition, and may be synonymous with the more widespread species, C. guineensis (McCosker 1998)." 190220,Pseudomyrophis fugesae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pseudomyrophis,fugesae,,,,,"McCosker, Böhlke & Böhlke, 1989", 190221,Lutjanus jocu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,jocu,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 190222,Anchoa mitchilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,mitchilli,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1848)", 190225,Paraconger guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Paraconger,guianensis,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1961", 190228,Bagre bagre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Bagre,bagre,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 190231,Robinsia catherinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Robinsia,catherinae,,,,,"Böhlke & Smith, 1967", 58894358,Python molurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,molurus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190245,Sciades herzbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Sciades,herzbergii,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)","This species may be confused with Sciades couma, although it is much more frequent than S. couma." 190246,Sphoeroides maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,maculatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 190250,Gymnothorax maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,maderensis,,,,,"(Johnson, 1862)", 190255,Cookeolus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Cookeolus,japonicus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190268,Catesbya pseudomuraena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Catesbya,pseudomuraena,,,,,"Böhlke & Smith, 1968", 190271,Acromycter atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Acromycter,atlanticus,,,,,"Smith, 1989", 79711881,Genyatremus cavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Genyatremus,cavifrons,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","Based on various rationale, the proper name is Genyatremus cavifrons, not G. luteus (Tavera et al. 2011)." 190295,Haemulon bonariense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,bonariense,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830",The taxonomy of H. bonariense requires review. 190308,Ophichthus spinicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,spinicauda,,,,,"(Norman, 1922)", 190312,Aldrovandia oleosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Aldrovandia,oleosa,,,,,"Sulak, 1977", 190315,Serrivomer beanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SERRIVOMERIDAE,Serrivomer,beanii,,,,,"Gill & Ryder, 1883", 190318,Gymnothorax polygonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,polygonius,,,,,"Poey, 1875", 190342,Neoconger mucronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MORINGUIDAE,Neoconger,mucronatus,,,,,"Girard, 1858",The possibility that a subspecies exists is likely as the population in the Gulf of Mexico has significantly fewer vertebrae than those in the Caribbean (D. Smith pers. comm. 2015). 190344,Ogilbia cayorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,cayorum,,,,,"Evermann & Kendall, 1898", 190347,Zenopsis conchifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,ZEIDAE,Zenopsis,conchifer,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)", 190348,Astroscopus y-graecum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Astroscopus,y-graecum,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190350,Avocettina infans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NEMICHTHYIDAE,Avocettina,infans,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 190351,Gymnothorax nigromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,nigromarginatus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 190356,Aldrovandia affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Aldrovandia,affinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 190357,Albula nemoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,nemoptera,,,,,"(Fowler, 1911)","The nomenclature of the bonefish family Albulidae is currently in a state of revision. Until recently, bonefish were considered to be comprised of two species, the circumglobal Albula vulpes and the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Albula nemoptera; however, new molecular genetic information indicates that there are at least eight morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically distinct species (Colborn et al. 2001).

Albula nemoptera may eventually be split into Atlantic and Pacific species, pending the outcome of ongoing investigations (Bowen et al. 2008)." 190375,Hoplunnis macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Hoplunnis,macrura,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1951", 190379,Ophichthus hyposagmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,hyposagmatus,,,,,"McCosker & Böhlke, 1984", 190380,Lagocephalus laevigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,laevigatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","


" 190392,Letharchus velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Letharchus,velifer,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1882", 190397,Pristigenys alta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Pristigenys,alta,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 190400,Uroconger syringinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Uroconger,syringinus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1954",Further study is needed to clarify the differences between this species and U. lepturus (Richardson) from the Indo-West Pacific. 190403,Polyacanthonotus challengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,NOTACANTHIDAE,Polyacanthonotus,challengeri,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 190405,Ichthyapus ophioneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ichthyapus,ophioneus,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1900)", 190420,Corniger spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Corniger,spinosus,,,,,"Agassiz, 1831", 190424,Hollardia meadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TRIACANTHODIDAE,Hollardia,meadi,,,,,"Tyler, 1966", 190426,Polydactylus virginicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,virginicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Polydactylus oligodon is difficult to distinguish from P. virginicus (Feltes 2002, B. Smith-Vaniz and R. Robertson pers. comm. 2015)." 190429,Mulloidichthys martinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mulloidichthys,martinicus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190430,Callechelys bilinearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,bilinearis,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1952", 190431,Nettastoma melanurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Nettastoma,melanurum,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810",This species presents a superficial ressemblance to Facciolella oxyrhyncha. 190436,Prionotus martis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,martis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1950", 190440,Myrichthys ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrichthys,ocellatus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1825)", 190456,Ariopsis felis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Ariopsis,felis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","This species is recorded here as Ariopsis felis (following Betancur et al. 2007, and Page et al. 2013). A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014)." 190473,Kaupichthys nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Kaupichthys,nuchalis,,,,,"Böhlke, 1967", 190486,Aldrovandia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Aldrovandia,gracilis,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 190487,Gnathophis tritos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,tritos,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1977", 190489,Polyacanthonotus merretti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,NOTACANTHIDAE,Polyacanthonotus,merretti,,,,,"Sulak, Crabtree & Hureau, 1984", 190497,Hypnale zara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Hypnale,zara,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 190508,Thecadactylus rapicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Thecadactylus,rapicauda,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)",Some authors believe that this species is not clearly distinguishable from Thecadactylus solimoensis (R. Caicedo pers. comm. 2013) 19050,Quadrula rumphiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Quadrula,rumphiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1852)", 190511,Fimbrios klossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Fimbrios,klossi,,,,,"Smith, 1920", 190512,Fimbrios smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Fimbrios,smithi,,,,,"Ziegler, David, Miralles, van Kien & Quang Truong, 2008","This species was formerly confused with Achalinus rufescens (Ziegler et al. 2008), and it is not clear whether additional records of this snake may have been confused with species of Achalinus." 190514,Xenodermus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Xenodermus,javanicus,,,,,"Reinhardt, 1836", 190553,Lygophis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,lineatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190562,Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,chimtuipuiensis,,,,,"Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2010","Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis was described in 2010 from the Kaladan River, Mizoram, India by Anganthoibi and Vishwanath (2010) based on seven specimens." 19056,Fusconaia mitchelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,mitchelli,,,,,"(Simpson, 1896)","Fusconaia mitchelli is also known as Quadrula mitchelli (Simpson, 1895). This species is commonly known as the False Spike." 190572,Cubophis cantherigerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cubophis,cantherigerus,,,,,"(Bibron, 1840)", 190608,Leptodrymus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptodrymus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 190613,Oreocryptophis porphyraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oreocryptophis,porphyraceus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)","This species has long been placed in the genus Elaphe. Subspecific taxonomy is a source of ""constant debate and flux"", discussed by Messenger (2021). This author lists nine nominal subspecies, but notes that the number and identity of valid subspecies is uncertain.

As currently understood, Oreocryptophis is monotypic, but it is reported to include at least one cryptic species on the basis of mtDNA data (Utiger et al. 2002)." 190620,Blythia reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Blythia,reticulata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)", 190628,Gonyosoma boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gonyosoma,boulengeri,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1897)",Peng et al. (2021) described Gonyosoma hainanense from new material collected from the Diaoluoshan Mountains based on morphological and molecular evidence. These authors referred Hainan records of G. boulengeri to their new species. K. Messenger (pers. comm. 2022) notes that morphological differences between the two species are minor. 190633,Spilotes pullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spilotes,pullatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190644,Deinagkistrodon acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Deinagkistrodon,acutus,,,,,"(Günther, 1888)", 1907,Apodemus alpicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,alpicola,,,,,"Heinrich, 1952", 19070,Rafetus euphraticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Rafetus,euphraticus,,,,,"(Oliver in Daudin, 1801)","

Previously placed in the genus Trionyx, euphraticus was placed in the resurrected genus Rafetus by Meylan (1987), and this has been widely accepted as such (Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2014).

" 190779,Asiagomphus somnolens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,somnolens,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)","Asiagomphus somnolens is known from a single female reared from a larva, collected more than 80 years ago (Needham 1930)." 190783,Anisogomphus forresti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,forresti,,,,,"(Morton, 1928) ",The female of this species has not definitely been described. Zhou (1987) illustrates the supposed female based on a single specimen not associated with a male; this cannot be regarded as certainly being the female of A. forresti. 190787,Phaenandrogomphus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phaenandrogomphus,yunnanensis,,,,,"Zhou, 1999","Phaenandrogomphus yunnanensis apparently differs from the poorly known P. aureus (Laidlaw, 1922) only in details of its markings (Zhou 1999), and might eventually prove to be merely a form of that species." 190790,Lamelligomphus chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,chaoi,,,,,"Zhu, 1999 ","

Lamelligomphus chaoi was described by Zhu (1999) from a single female from Yunnan, China. The female was described and figured with a predominantly yellow labrum, finely bordered with black, a pair of relatively narrow yellow synthoracic dorsal stripes, conjoined 1st and 2nd yellow lateral thoracic stripes (a unique feature in Lamelligomphus from China) and a divided yellow transverse crest on the postfrons. In keeping with the features, detailed by Chao (1990), characteristic of the genus Lamelligomphus, paired occipital horns are also present, but this feature is not unique to Lamelligomphus and without knowledge of the male cerci and secondary genitalia it is not possible to be certain that chaoi belongs to Lamelligomphus. Although Wilson and Xu (2009) produced a key to the Chinese species of Lamelligomphus, and were able to key out L. chaoi without much difficulty within a group of species allied to L. ringens, it should be noted that not all Chinese Lamelligomphus females are known and the female L. choui Chao and Liu 1989 has not yet been described. Moreover, several species of Lamelligomphus have been discovered in Yunnan that await description (Zhang 2019) but none of these species appear to be as extensively marked with yellow as L. chaoi.

" 190791,Anisogomphus maacki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,maacki,,,,,"(Selys, 1872) ","Temnogomphus amurensis Bartenev, 1930, Gomphus emarginatus Okimura, 1937 and Anisogomphus m-flavum Selys, 1878 are synonyms (Bridges 1994). Asahina (1979) synonymised Anisogomphus m-flavum Selys, 1878 with Anisogomphus maacki Selys 1872 and described and illustrated adult specimens. The larvae was described by Asahina and Yamamoto (1959)." 190794,Orthetrum lineostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,lineostigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 190800,Asiagomphus corniger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,corniger,,,,,"(Morton, 1928)","The type series of Asiagomphus corniger was in bad condition even at the time of description (Morton 1928). The only recent records are apparently in Yang and Davies (1993) (R. Dow pers. comm.), where they state “all males agree adequately with …”, implying some doubt over the identity of the specimens; indeed a number of other species treated in this publication were misidentified (Chao 1995). On the other hand, other poorly known Asiagomphus species may actually be synonyms of A. corniger." 190802,Merogomphus chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Merogomphus,chaoi,,,,,"Yang & Davies, 1993 ","Merogomphus chaoi Yang & Davies, 1993 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Mattigomphus pinratani (Karube and Kostern 2018)." 190807,Bayadera nephelopennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,nephelopennis,,,,,"Davies & Yang, 1996", 190810,Davidius squarrosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,squarrosus,,,,,"Zhu, 1991 ","The only definite record of this species appears to be that of the type series (Zhu 1991) from Shaanxi. Yang and Davies (1993) recorded it from Yunnan, but considerable doubt was cast over the identity of their material by Chao (1995)." 190815,Bayadera fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,fasciata,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1933","

Davies and Yang (1996) wrote: “It was, perhaps, unfortunate that Sjöstedt (1932) chose to name his species B. fasciata at all from a single female and with poor figures; ….; identifying a male of this species, when found, may be difficult.”

" 190818,Sympetrum daliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,daliensis,,,,,"Zhu, 1999","The species is distinguished from Sympetrum risi Bartenef, 1914 by details of colouration and one somewhat dubious structural character in the female. The distinctness of the two species appears somewhat doubtful." 190835,Davidius zhoui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,zhoui,,,,,"Chao, 1995","Prior to its description in 1995 (Chao 1995) this species had been misidentified as Davidius trox Needham, 1931." 190843,Anisogomphus nitidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,nitidus,,,,,"Yang & Davies, 1993 ","When describing Anisogomphus nitidus, Yang & Davies (1993) noted that it differs from A. anderi Lieftinck, 1948 (also known from Yunnan) only in size and markings, not in the structure of the anal appendages or penis. In the Gomphidae one would expect structural differences between different species; if there are really no structural differences, doubt must remain about the distinctness of A. nitidus from A. anderi." 190844,Trigomphus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Trigomphus,yunnanensis,,,,,"Zhou & Wu, 1992","The species apparently differs from Trigomphus svenhedini Sjöstedt, 1932 only in markings, and might ultimately prove to be merely a variant of that species. It is known only from the holotype." 190863,Indolestes coeruleus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,coeruleus,,,,,"Fraser, 1924 ","The species was described from a single female (Fraser 1924). Morton (1928), in what appears to be the only other record of this species, described both sexes, but stated “I have a little hesitation in referring these to Fraser’s species …” and “The markings and form of the [male] anal appendages recall … Lestes gracilis peregrinus”. Thus there is some doubt as to whether Morton’s record really belongs to the same species, and if it does, as to whether I. coeruleus is really a good species or just a geographical variant of the widespread Indolestes gracilis. X. Yu (pers. comm. 2011) considers it most likely to be a synonym of Indolestes peregrinus (Ris 1916)." 190864,Chlorogomphus tunti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,tunti,,,,,"Needham, 1930","

Zhang (2019) treats this species as a junior synonym of Chlorogomphus suzukii (Oguma, 1926), however this synonymy, although quite possibly correct, has not been firmly established at the time of writing, so the two are treated as separate for assessment purposes.

" 190914,Anodonthyla pollicaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,pollicaris,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)","Originally described as Mantella pollicaris by Boettger (1913), and later synonymised with A. boulengerii (Noble & Parker 1926). Removed from this synonymy by Vences et al. (2010) on the basis of molecular and acoustic data." 190915,Brachioteuthis linkovskyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,BRACHIOTEUTHIDAE,Brachioteuthis,linkovskyi,,,,,"Lipinski, 2001",This species is only known from the holotype. 190917,Slosarczykovia circumantarctica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,BRACHIOTEUTHIDAE,Slosarczykovia,circumantarctica,,,,,"Lipinski, 2001", 190918,Asperoteuthis nesisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Asperoteuthis,nesisi,,,,,"Arkhipkin & Laptikhovsky, 2008","Holotype Natural History Museum, London, BMNH 20070615. Maturing female, 363 mm ML, with short stumps of both tentacles; 53°44'S 58°46'W, collected by Falkland Islands R/V Dorada pelagic trawl fishing near-bottom, 913 m depth off northern part of Burdwood Bank, Southwest Atlantic, 20 July 2005.  Members of Asperoteuthis can easily be misidentified as Grimalditeuthis if they have lost their tentacles (Young and Roper 2008).  Asperoteuthis acanthoderma, A. mangoldae, A.sp. B and A. lui and A. nesisi belong to the genus Asperoteuthis (Young and Roper 2008) but A. sp. B is probably a junior synonym of A. nesisi (Arkhipkin and Laptikhovsky 2008)." 190919,Planctoteuthis exopthalmica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Planctoteuthis,exopthalmica,,,,,"(Chun, 1908)","This species may be a junior synonym of P. levimana." 190920,Planctoteuthis lippula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CHIROTEUTHIDAE,Planctoteuthis,lippula,,,,,"(Chun, 1908)", 190921,Leachia dislocata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Leachia,dislocata,,,,,"Young, 1972","The paralarvae of the genus have a very distinctive appearance. The  paralarva has a very long, slender brachial pillar and a pointed tip to the gladius. Paralarvae of Leachia were originally placed in the genus Pyrgopsis and are now often referred to as pyrgopsis paralarvae (Young and Mangold 2007).  This species may be a species complex according to Voss et al. (1992)." 190922,Leachia lemur,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Leachia,lemur,,,,,"(Berry, 1920)", 190923,Megalocranchia fisheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,CRANCHIIDAE,Megalocranchia,fisheri,,,,,"Berry, 1909","This species was considered a junior synonym of Megalocranchia abyssicola, but given the considerable distance between the type localities (M. abyssicola from the Maldives, M. fisheri from Hawaii) they are unlikely to be synonymous." 190925,Pholidoteuthis massyae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PHOLIDOTEUTHIDAE,Pholidoteuthis,massyae,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1912)","Pholidoteuthis boschmai is the junior synonym of P. massyae (Vecchione and Young 2007). This species currently has a worldwide distribution, however, specimens from different oceans have not been closely compared so more than one species may exist (Vecchione and Young 2007)." 190927,Narrowteuthis nesisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,NEOTEUTHIDAE,Narrowteuthis,nesisi,,,,,"Young & Vecchione, 2005", 190928,Onychoteuthis aequimanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,aequimanus,,,,,"Gabb, 1868", 190929,Onychoteuthis lacrima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,lacrima,,,,,"Bolstad & Seki in Bolstad, 2008", 190930,Onychoteuthis prolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,prolata,,,,,"Bolstad, Vecchione & Young in Bolstad, 2008", 190931,Onychoteuthis bergii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,bergii,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1818", 190932,Onychoteuthis mollis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onychoteuthis,mollis,,,,,"(Appellöf, 1891)", 190933,Onykia aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Onykia,aequatorialis,,,,,"Thiele, 1921","ZMB Holotype Moll.-111000, female, ML 380 mm, 16oN, 18o07'W." 190934,Kondakovia nigmatullini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Kondakovia,nigmatullini,,,,,"Laptikhovsky, Arkhipkin & Bolstad, 2009",This species is known from only two specimens.  The holotype is BMNH 20080519.  The type locality is 45o43.2'S 59o56.6'W at a depth of 733 to 784m. 190935,Notonykia nesisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Notonykia,nesisi,,,,,"Bolstad, 2007", 190936,Chtenopteryx canariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,BATHYTEUTHIDA,CHTENOPTERYGIDAE,Chtenopteryx,canariensis,,,,,"Salcedo-Vargas and Guerrero-Kommritz, 2000","The type locality is 26°20'N, 19°21'W, Eastern Atlantic just south of the Canary Islands.  The taxonomic status of this species, which is only known from four specimens, is not clear." 190941,Anodonthyla emilei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,emilei,,,,,"Vences, Glaw, Köhler & Wollenberg, 2010", 190945,Loligo reynaudii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loligo,reynaudii,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1839-1841 in Ferussac and d'Orbigny, 1834-1848","

The type locality is off the Cape of Good Hope, Atlantic Ocean (Sweeney 2012).

" 190946,Loligo vulgaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Loligo,vulgaris,,,,,"Lamarck, 1798",No type locality was designated for this species (Sweeney 2012). 190947,Pickfordiateuthis bayeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Pickfordiateuthis,bayeri,,,,,"Roper & Vecchione, 2001",The type locality is off the Bahamas. The holotype is in the Smithsonian USNM817134. 190948,Uroteuthis machelae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,MYOPSIDA,LOLIGINIDAE,Uroteuthis,machelae,,,,,"Roeleveld & Augustyn, 2005","The type locality is in the Mozambique Channel, at 19o 49.0’ S, 36o 5.0’ E (Sweeney 2012)." 190949,Opisthoteuthis dongshaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,dongshaensis,,,,,"Lu, 2010","The holotype is housed in the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan (NMNS 511-001)." 190950,Pterygioteuthis hoylei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,PYROTEUTHIDAE,Pterygioteuthis,hoylei,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1912)", 190951,Rossia pacifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,SEPIOLIDA,SEPIOLIDAE,Rossia,pacifica,,,,,"Berry, 1911","Two subspecies are recognized, the nominate and R. p. diegensis Berry, 1912." 190953,Muusoctopus bizikovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,bizikovi,,,,,"Gleadall, Guerrero-Kommritz, Hochberg & Laptikhovsky, 2010","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle, 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 190954,Muusoctopus rigbyae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,rigbyae,,,,,"(Vecchione, Allcock, Piatkowski & Strugnell, 2009)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle, 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested)." 190955,Muusoctopus eureka,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,eureka,,,,,"(Robson, 1929)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle, 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus.  We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested). Gleadall et al. (2010) place Benthoctopus magellanicus Robson 1930 in synonymy with this species." 190956,Bathypolypus rubrostictus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,BATHYPOLYPODIDAE,Bathypolypus,rubrostictus,,,,,"Kaneko & Kubodera, 2008", 190957,Lophogobius cyprinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lophogobius,cyprinoides,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)","This species can be distinguished from Lophogobius cristulatus by the lateralis (sensory pore) system (Bouchereau and Gros 2010). Lophogobius androsensis, currently considered a synonym of L. cyprinoides, should be further examined using the lateralis system and 18S RNA sequence (Bouchereau et al. 2010)." 190958,Gobiosoma robustum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,robustum,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933", 190959,Bathygobius mystacium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,mystacium,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1947", 190960,Ctenogobius stigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,stigmaticus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 190963,Lythrypnus crocodilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,crocodilus,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928)",This genus is currently being studied using molecular techniques and many additional species are likely to be described and valid species may be redefined. 190964,Elacatinus tenox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,tenox,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1968)", 190967,Akko dionaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Akko,dionaea,,,,,"Birdsong & Robins, 1995", 190973,Apogon planifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,planifrons,,,,,"Longley & Hildebrand, 1940", 190974,Phaeoptyx xenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Phaeoptyx,xenus,,,,,"(Böhlke & Randall, 1968)", 190980,Ectopoglossus confusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ectopoglossus,confusus,,,,,"(Myers & Grant, 2009)","Myers (1991) provisionally included this species within Colosthethus chocoensis. It was recognized as a distinct species by Grant et al. (1997), but was not formally described; and was finally described by Myers and Grant (2009)." 190990,Ichthyophis khumhzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,khumhzi,,,,,"Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009", 190991,Ichthyophis moustakius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,moustakius,,,,,"Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009", 190992,Ichthyophis sendenyu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,sendenyu,,,,,"Kamei, Wilkinson, Gower & Biju, 2009", 190994,Limnonectes megastomias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,megastomias,,,,,"McLeod, 2008", 190997,Odorrana geminata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,geminata,,,,,"Bain, Stuart, Nguyen, Che & Rao, 2009","This species was previously described as Odorrana chapaensis by Ngo et al. 2006 and Che et al. 2007, Amolops chapaensis by Bain and Nguyen, 2004 and Rana sp. ‘‘Cao Bang’’ (ROM 26476) by Chen et al. 2005." 190998,Osteocephalus castaneicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,castaneicola,,,,,"Moravec, Aparicio, Guerrero-Reinhard, Calderón, Jungfer & Gvoždík, 2009", 191003,Scinax iquitorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,iquitorum,,,,,"Moravec, Tuanama, Pérez-Peña & Lehr, 2009","Ferrão et al. (2017) suggested that given the coloration and morphological characters provided by Melo-Sampaio and Souza (2015) and Machado et al. (2015), earlier Brazilian records of Scinax iquitorum (species closely related to S. onca) in the state of Acre should be assigned to S. onca." 191004,Minervarya chilapata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,chilapata,,,,,"Ohler, Deuti, Grosjean, Paul, Ayyaswamy, Ahmed & Dutta, 2009", 191005,Rhaebo andinophrynoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,andinophrynoides,,,,,"Mueses-Cisneros, 2009 ",This is a split from the broader concept of Rhaebo haematiticus (Mueses-Cisneros 2009). 191024,Atractosteus spatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LEPISOSTEIFORMES,LEPISOSTEIDAE,Atractosteus,spatula,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 191025,Atractosteus tropicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LEPISOSTEIFORMES,LEPISOSTEIDAE,Atractosteus,tropicus,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 191026,Lepisosteus oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LEPISOSTEIFORMES,LEPISOSTEIDAE,Lepisosteus,oculatus,,,,,"Winchell, 1864", 191030,Lacantunia enigmatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LACANTUNIIDAE,Lacantunia,enigmatica,,,,,"Rodiles-Hernández, Hendrickson & Lundberg, 2005", 191110,Ophichthus gomesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,gomesii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)", 191112,Atherinella alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,alvarezi,,,,,"(Díaz-Pardo, 1972)", 191113,Atherinella ammophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,ammophila,,,,,"Chernoff & Miller, 1984", 191115,Atherinella balsana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,balsana,,,,,"(Meek, 1902)", 191116,Atherinella callida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,callida,,,,,"Chernoff, 1986", 191118,Atherinella elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,elegans,,,,,"Chernoff, 1986", 191120,Atherinella lisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,lisa,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 191121,Atherinella marvelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,marvelae,,,,,"(Chernoff & Miller, 1982)", 191123,Atherinella pellosemeion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,pellosemeion,,,,,"Chernoff, 1986", 191124,Atherinella sallei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,sallei,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 191126,Atherinella schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,schultzi,,,,,"(Alvarez & Carranza, 1952)", 191129,Chirostoma aculeatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,aculeatum,,,,,"Barbour, 1973", 191130,Chirostoma chapalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,chapalae,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1899", 191131,Chirostoma charari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,charari,,,,,"(de Buen, 1945)", 191146,Chirostoma consocium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,consocium,,,,,"Jordan & Hubbs, 1919", 191147,Chirostoma contrerasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,contrerasi,,,,,"Barbour, 2002", 191151,Chirostoma estor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,estor,,,,,"Jordan, 1880", 191153,Chirostoma grandocule,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,grandocule,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1894)", 191154,Chirostoma humboldtianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,humboldtianum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 191158,Chirostoma jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,jordani,,,,,"Woolman, 1894", 191160,Chirostoma labarcae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,labarcae,,,,,"Meek, 1902", 191163,Chirostoma lucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,lucius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 191168,Chirostoma melanoccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,melanoccus,,,,,"Alvarez, 1963", 191178,Chirostoma mezquital,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,mezquital,,,,,"Meek, 1904", 191181,Chirostoma patzcuaro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,patzcuaro,,,,,"Meek, 1902", 191183,Chirostoma reseratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,reseratum,,,,,"Alvarez, 1963", 191187,Chirostoma riojai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,riojai,,,,,"Solórzano & López, 1966", 191188,Chirostoma sphyraena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,sphyraena,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 191190,Membras vagrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Membras,vagrans,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1879)", 191194,Batrachoides goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,goldmani,,,,,"Evermann & Goldsborough, 1902", 191195,Strongylura hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,hubbsi,,,,,"Collette, 1974", 191198,Hyporhamphus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,mexicanus,,,,,Alvarez 1959, 191199,Astyanax aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,aeneus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)","For many years considered a synonym of A. fasciatus (now restricted to Brazil), and then considered to include all populations in Middle America, after the latest revision (Schmitter-Soto 2017) A. aeneus has been circumscribed to the form in the Pacific versant of southern Mexico and Central America, south to Honduras." 191200,Astyanax altior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,altior,,,,,"Hubbs, 1936", 191201,Astyanax jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,jordani,,,,,"(Hubbs & Innes, 1936)", 191202,Astyanax caballeroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,caballeroi,,,,,"(Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery, 1985)", 191203,Brycon guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,guatemalensis,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 191204,Hyphessobrycon compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,compressus,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 191205,Roeboides bouchellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,bouchellei,,,,,"Fowler, 1923", 191208,Brevoortia patronus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Brevoortia,patronus,,,,,"Goode, 1878", 191214,Anchoa lyolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,lyolepis,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1900)","There are two subspecies recognized: A. l. lyolepis from Bermuda, the Antilles and Brazilian islands, and  A. l. continentalis from the continental shore (Robertson and Van Tassell 2015)." 191237,Pantosteus nebuliferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Pantosteus,nebuliferus,,,,,"(Garman, 1881)", 191240,Ictiobus labiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Ictiobus,labiosus,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 191241,Ictiobus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Ictiobus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 191243,Moxostoma albidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,albidum,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 191244,Moxostoma austrinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,austrinum,,,,,"Bean, 1880","Recent phylogenetic analysis supports earlier hypotheses by Clements et al. (2012) that subpopulations restricted to the Conchos River, Santiago River, and Soto la Marina River each represent a unique undescribed form that may warrant species level recognition (Perez-Rodriguez et al. 2016). Formal description of these taxa would require reassessment of M. austrinum due to a non-genuine change in the overall range of this species." 191245,Moxostoma mascotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,mascotae,,,,,"Regan, 1907", 191247,Algansea amecae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,amecae,,,,,"Pérez-Rodríguez, Pérez-Ponce de León, Domínguez-Domínguez & Doadrio, 2009", 191248,Algansea aphanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,aphanea,,,,,"Barbour & Miller, 1978", 191249,Algansea avia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,avia,,,,,"Barbour & Miller, 1978","

Algansea Monticola was originally separated into the subspecies A. m. monticola and A. m. avia (Barbour and Miller 1978). More recent genetic evidence validates A. avia as a distinct species, which coinhabits the Santiago River with A. monticola. (Perez-Rodriguez et al. 2009)

" 191250,Algansea barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,barbata,,,,,"Alvarez & Cortés, 1964", 191251,Algansea lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,lacustris,,,,,"Steindachner, 1895", 191252,Algansea monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,monticola,,,,,"Barbour & Contreras-Balderas, 1968","Algansea Monticola was originally separated into the subspecies A. m. monticola and A. m. avia (Barbour and Miller 1978). More recent genetic evidence validated A. avia as a distinct species, which co-inhabits the Santiago River with A. monticola. (Perez-Rodriguez et al. 2009)" 191253,Algansea popoche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,popoche,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)", 191254,Algansea tincella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Algansea,tincella,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)", 191255,Notropis sallaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,sallaei,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 191258,Codoma ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Codoma,ornata,,,,,"Girard, 1856","

Schonhuth et al. (2015) identify significant phylogenetic diversity across four major river drainages in the distributional range of C. ornata (upper Conchos, lower Conchos, Nazas, upper Mezquital), suggesting the long-term isolation of these subpopulations. If species-level recognition is warranted, such revisions would likely require reassessment.

" 191259,Cyprinella garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,garmani,,,,,"(Jordan, 1885)", 191261,Cyprinella rutila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,rutila,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 191263,Dionda melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Dionda,melanops,,,,,"Girard, 1856",

Dionda melanops is closely related to Dionda argentosa. Determination of the range extent of both species may require additional genetic analyses (Schonhuth et al. 2012). Any substantive changes to the current range of D. melanops may warrant reassessment.

191264,Gila brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,brevicauda,,,,,"Norris, Fischer & Minckley, 2003", 191265,Gila conspersa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,conspersa,,,,,"Garman, 1881", 191266,Gila eremica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,eremica,,,,,"DeMarais, 1991", 191267,Gila minacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,minacae,,,,,"Meek, 1902", 191268,Gila pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,pulchra,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 191271,Notropis boucardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,boucardi,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 191272,Notropis braytoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,braytoni,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1896", 191274,Notropis calabazas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,calabazas,,,,,"Lyons & Mercado-Silva, 2004", 191275,Notropis calientis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,calientis,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1899", 191284,Notropis chihuahua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,chihuahua,,,,,"Woolman, 1892", 191286,Notropis grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,grandis,,,,,"Domínguez-Domínguez, Pérez-Rodríguez, Escalera-Vázquez & Doadrio, 2009", 191287,Notropis marhabatiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,marhabatiensis,,,,,"Domínguez-Domínguez, Pérez-Rodríguez, Escalera-Vázquez & Doadrio, 2009", 191288,Notropis nazas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,nazas,,,,,"Meek, 1904", 191290,Notropis tropicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,tropicus,,,,,"Hubbs & Miller, 1975", 191294,Tampichthys erimyzonops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tampichthys,erimyzonops,,,,,"(Hubbs & Miller, 1974)", 191295,Tampichthys ipni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tampichthys,ipni,,,,,"(Alvarez & Navarro, 1953)", 191296,Tampichthys rasconis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tampichthys,rasconis,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)", 191297,Yuriria alta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Yuriria,alta,,,,,"(Jordan, 1880)", 191298,Yuriria amatlana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Yuriria,amatlana,,,,,"Domínguez-Domínguez, Pompa-Domínguez & Doadrio, 2007", 191299,Yuriria chapalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Yuriria,chapalae,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)", 191300,Anableps dowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Anableps,dowei,,,,,"Gill, 1861", 191301,Cyprinodon albivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,albivelis,,,,,"Minckley & Miller, 2002", 191302,Cyprinodon bobmilleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,bobmilleri,,,,,"Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1999", 191304,Cyprinodon esconditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,esconditus,,,,,"Strecker, 2002", 191305,Cyprinodon pisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,pisteri,,,,,"Miller & Minckley, 2002", 191306,Cyprinodon salvadori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,salvadori,,,,,"Lozano-Vilano, 2002", 191307,Cyprinodon suavium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,suavium,,,,,"Strecker, 2005", 191308,Floridichthys carpio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Floridichthys,carpio,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)",This species was recently split into two with Floridichthys polyommus Hubbs 1936 retained along the Yucatan and F. carpio restricted to Florida (Page et al. 2013). 191310,Jordanella pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Jordanella,pulchra,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1936)", 191312,Fundulus parvipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,parvipinnis,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 191313,Fundulus philpisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,philpisteri,,,,,"García-Ramírez, Contreras-Balderas & Lozano-Vilano, 2007", 191367,Heterophallus milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Heterophallus,milleri,,,,,"Radda, 1987", 191369,Allodontichthys hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allodontichthys,hubbsi,,,,,"Miller & Uyeno, 1980","The Holotype of the Whitepatched Splitfin was collected by R.R. Miller and J.T. Greenbank in 1955 from the Arroyo San José de Tule (Río La Trampa), Río El Tule drainage at the HW 110 bridge at El Pozo Santo (Crucero del Tule). Paratypes were collected from three more sites including the Río El Terrero W of the town of 21. de Noviembre in 1970, also Río El Tule drainage, and the upper Río Tuxpán at San Rafael and a nameless creek 1km E of La Garita, a Río Tamazula tributary, both Río Tuxpán drainage and both collected in 1955. From the affiliation to two different drainages, two subpopulations can be inferred: the Río El Tule subpopulation (type subpopulation) and the Río Tuxpán subpopulation. Both are separated by approximately 120 river kilometres and in need of further studies including phylogenetics to clear their relationship." 191370,Allodontichthys polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allodontichthys,polylepis,,,,,"Rauchenberger, 1988","The Holotype of the Finescale Spitfin (Allodontichthys polylepis) was collected by Robert Rush Miller in 1976 from the Río Potrero Grande (Arroyo Grande), Río Ameca drainage, whereas the Paratypes included in the original description originate from collections he made in 1957 and 1970 from the Arroyo Estanzuela (Río de las Bolas or de la Pola), Río Atenguillo drainage. From the affiliation to different drainages, two subpopulations can be inferred: the (now possibly Extinct in the Wild) Río Potrero Grande subpopulation and the Río de las Bolas subpopulation. Both display plainly divergent colour patterns though they are anatomically similar, so further studies including phylogenetics to clear the relationship are recommended." 191372,Allodontichthys zonistius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allodontichthys,zonistius,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1932)","Holotype and Paratype used by Clark L. Hubbs for the description of the Bandfin Splitfin in 1922 were collected by G. Glückert in 1913 in the vicinity of Colima, probably from the Río Colima, Río Armería drainage. To the same drainage belong almost all creeks and rivers where this species has been found in the following decades, only few collection sites are known from headwaters of the neighbouring Río Salado, middle Río Coahuayana drainage. According to the affiliation to two distinct rivers systems, two subpopulations, the Río Armería subpopulation (type subpopulation) and the Río Salado subpopulation can be distinguished." 191523,Brotia annamita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,annamita,,,,,"Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009", 191524,Brotia hoabinhensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,hoabinhensis,,,,,"Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009","Can be confused with the sympatric and shell-wise very similar Sulcospira collyra. " 191525,Brotia laodelectata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,laodelectata,,,,,"Köhler, 2008", 191526,Brotia mariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,mariae,,,,,"Köhler, 2008","Museum specimens of this species have frequently been misidentified as Melania hamonvillei Brot, 1887 (= Sulcospira tonkiniana) from northern Viet Nam." 191527,Sulcospira collyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,collyra,,,,,"Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009","Can be confused with the sympatric and shell-wise very similar Brotia hoabinhensis." 191528,Sulcospira dakrongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,dakrongensis,,,,,"Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009","Material of this species was labelled as Brotia proteus by Brandt." 191529,Sulcospira quangtriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,quangtriensis,,,,,"Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009", 191530,Sulcospira tourannensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,tourannensis,,,,,"(Souleyet, 1852)","Köhler and Dames (2009) disproved earlier associations of Melania gloriosa and Melania peguensis (nomen nudem) from Myanmar with this species." 191531,Sulcospira vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,vietnamensis,,,,,"Köhler, Holford, Do & Ho, 2009", 191540,Enteroctopus hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Enteroctopus,hongkongensis,,,,,"(Hoyle, 1885)",This species is in need of thorough revision and sometimes appears as 'Octopus' hongkongensis. 191692,Alloophorus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Alloophorus,robustus,,,,,"(Bean, 1892)","Bean's Holotype of the Bulldog Splitfin was collected by Alfredo Dugès in 1891 in the Pátzcuaro lake (Hubbs and Turner, 1939), but soon thereafter, it was also known from some locations in Guanajuato and several other large lakes (lagos Cuitzeo, Chapala and Zirahuén). Descibed as Fundulus robustus, it was transfered into the genus Zoogoneticus by Meek in 1902 and later into the new monotypic genus Alloophorus by Turner (1937). Taking in consideration its affiliation to different separate river drainages respectively endorheic basins and phylogenetic results, ten subpopulations in two lineages can be inferred: The Lago de Pátzcuaro subpopulation (type subpopulation), the adjacent Río Grande de Morelia subpopulation (including the Lago Cuitzeo), the Río Angulo subpopulation (including the Lago Zacapú) and the possibly Extinct lagunas de Zirahuén and Yuriría and Middle Río Lerma subpopulations, the last one encompassing several rivers in Guanajuato (like the ríos Turbío, Guanajuato and Laja). Representatives from these six drainages belong phylogenetically to one lineage with respect to the following four ones, which again form a distinct lineage and probably even a separate to be described species: The Río Duero subpopulation (lower Río Lerma basin), the Cotija subpopulation (upper Río Balsas drainage), the Río Cupatitzio subpopulation, also in the Río Balsas headwaters in and south of Uruapán and the Lago de Chapala-Río Grande de Santiago subpopulation, now possibly Extinct except for the isolated Lagos Los Negritos about 10 km east of Sahuayo. Further studies to reveal the phylogenetic relationship within this species are required." 191695,Allotoca dugesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allotoca,dugesii,,,,,"(Bean, 1887)","The types that Tarleton H. Bean used to describe Fundulus dugesii in 1887 were collected by Alfredo Dugès (probably) somewhere in Guanajuato; the year of collection is unknown. In 1896, Jordan and Evermann transfered this species into the genus Adinia, Meek in 1902 into the genus Zoogoneticus. Hubbs and Turner (in Turner, 1937) finally placed it as type in the genus Allotoca. Allotoca vivipara, decribed from the Pátzcuaro lake be Fernando de Buén in 1940 is Allotoca dugesii. Eight subpopulations according to separate drainages can be distinguished: The Río Grande de Morelia subpopulation, the Lago de Pátzcuaro subpopulation, the lagunas de Zirahuén and Yuriría subpopulations, the Middle Río Lerma subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Duero subpopulation, the Lago de Chapala/Río Grande de Santiago subpopulation and the Río Verde subpopulation. Samplings throughout the last two decades suggest, that many of these subpopulations have disappeared and probably only the Río Grande de Morelia, the Lago de Pátzcuaro and the Río Duero subpopulations are still extant." 191696,Allotoca goslinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allotoca,goslinei,,,,,"Smith & Miller, 1987","The Holotype of this species was collected together with Paratopotypes by Robert Miller and others in February 1976 from the Río (Potrero) Grande, about 9.6km W of the town of Ameca. Several Paratypes go back to collections from the type location in 1957 and 1971, one single male to a collection of R. Vrijenhoek and M. Douglas from a bridge over the Río Ameca (precisely: Río Cuisillos), 1km E of the estación Pacana, SE of the Presa La Vega, in 1981. No subpopulations are distinguished." 191697,Allotoca meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allotoca,meeki,,,,,"(Alvarez, 1959)","The first individuals of this species have been collected by Seth E. Meek in 1902, but identified as Zoogoneticus diazi (now: Allotoca diazi), a new species he described from the Pátzcuaro lake. It lastet until 1959, when Álvarez del Villar recognized individuals from the Laguna de Zirahuén as separate species and described it from a male Holotype, collected by Aurelio Solórzano in 1957, and Paratypes collected Juan Pizá and José Guerra in 1958. No subpopulations are distinguished." 191698,Neoophorus regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Neoophorus,regalis,,,,,"Alvarez, 1959","The types Álvarez del Villar used to describe Neoophorus regalis were collected by P. Francke in 1958 in the vicinity of Los Reyes de Salgado. He later transfered the species in the genus Alloophorus comparing it with Alloophorus robustus (1970). When it was rediscovered in 1993 and it became clear, that this species is no Alloophorus, it consequently had been transfered back in the genus where it belonged before, now Neoophorus regarded as synonym of Allotoca (Espinosa-Perez et al. 1993). In 2001, this species was excluded from Allotoca by some morphological differences and transferred back into its original genus Neoophorus (Meyer et al. 2001). This species is here considered valid in the genus Neoophorus Hubbs and Turner, 1939 following Meyer at al. (2001). This is different to Eschmeyer et al. (2018) which considers the species valid in the genus Allotoca Hubbs and Turner, 1939. Affiliated from three river drainages, three subpopulations can be inferred: The endorheic Río Quitupán subpopulation, the Río Grande subpopulation (type subpopulation), both Cotija region, Upper Río Balsas drainage, and the Canal Tarecuato subpopulation, Laguna Chapala drainage." 191699,Allotoca zacapuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allotoca,zacapuensis,,,,,"Meyer, Radda & Domínguez-Domínguez, 2001","The Holotype of the Zacapú Allotoca was collected by Manfred K. Meyer, Alfred Radda and C. E. Rivas-Benítez in February 2001 from the Laguna Zacapú. Paratypes go back to several collections from the Zacapú lagoon by different collectors between 1990 and 2001. No subpopulations are distinguished." 191700,Chapalichthys encaustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Chapalichthys,encaustus,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)","The types of this species were collected in December 1898 by J. O. Snyder from the Chapala lake near Ocotlán. Described by Jordan and Snyder as Characodon encaustus in 1900, Meek transfered the species to the genus Chapalichthys in 1903. According to the affiliation to two river drainages, two subpopulations (the Laguna de Chapala and the Lower Río Lerma subpopulation) can be distinguished." 191705,Chapalichthys pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Chapalichthys,pardalis,,,,,"Alvarez, 1963","The types of this species were collected by José Álvarez del Villar in 1961 from the Balneario Tocumbo and described by him as Chapalichthys pardalis in 1963. On the next page, he described Chapalichthys peraticus from a Holotype collected by J. Barrera in 1963, an Allotype the author collected in 1962 and several Paratypes, all from the Presa San Juanico. For many years, the San Juaníco stock was partly considered a separate species (e.g., Domínguez-Domínguez et al. 2005), but recent genetic and morphological analyses (Miller 2005, K. Piller pers. comm. 2018) indicate, that there are insufficient differences between the two stocks to warrant separate species status. Recent (Piller 2016, unpublished) phylogenetical tests revealed finally, that both belong to the same species and have to be named Chapalichthys pardalis. Following the original description of pardalis and peraticus by Álvarez del Villar, both are barely distinguishable. As the habitats are separated by only 20 km distance beeline and connected via a channel, no subpopulations are distinguished." 191711,Ilyodon furcidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Ilyodon,furcidens,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)","The locality of the types Jordan and Gilbert used to describe Characodon furcidens in 1882 were probably from Colima, but erronously labeled with Cape San Lucas ( Baja California). The same goes with fish Eigenmann described as Ilyodon paraguayense in 1907 from Paraguay (also erronously), and probably even going back to the same collection. Hubbs and Turner (1939) named the narrow mouth specimens among the types Ilyodon furcidens and described from specimens with broad mouths among the types a new species, Balsadichthys xantusi, that was finally synonymized with Ilyodon furcidens in 1971 by Miller and Fitzsimons. Affiliated to several separate river basins, five subpopulations can be inferred: The Río Armería subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Ameca subpopulation, the Río Purificación subpopulation, the Río Marabasco subpopulation and the Lower Río Coahuayana subpopulation." 191713,Neotoca bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Neotoca,bilineata,,,,,"(Bean, 1887)","The types Tarleton Bean used to describe Characodon bilineatus (1887) go back to fish Álfredo Dugès collected (probably) in Guanajuato before 1887. It was transfered into the genus Skiffia by S. Meek in 1902 and into Goodea by Regan in 1907. Hubbs and Turner (in Turner, 1937) erected the genus Neotoca for this species and placed it herein (1939). Miller and Fitzsimons proposed in 1971 to transfer this species back into Skiffia where it stayed for several decades. Already by the late 1990`s (Webb, 1998) became more and more clear, that the Twoline Skiffia is not closely related with the other representatives of the genus, so Doadrio and Domínguez-Domínguez placed it in Neotoca again (2004). This species is here considered valid in the genus Neotoca Hubbs and Turner, 1939. This differs from Eschmeyer et al. (2018) where it is considered valid in the genus Skiffia Meek, 1902. Affiliated to different drainages, five subpopulations can be inferred: The Middle Río Lerma subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Grande de Morelia subpopulation, the Laguna Yuriría subpopulation, the Río Grande de Santiago/ Laguna Chapala subpopulation, and - inferred from the range of the species, but not documented with Vouchers - the Lower Río Lerma subpopulation. The last three subpopulations are regarded Extinct." 191714,Skiffia lermae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Skiffia,lermae,,,,,"Meek, 1902","The types of Skiffia lermae were collected by S. Meek and F. Lutz in 1901 from the Pátzcuaro lake, the types of Skiffia variegata from the Zirahuén lake. Regan in 1907 synonymized both species as Goodea lermae. The second species was re-established by Hubbs and Turner in 1939, but again synonymized by Miller and Fitzsimons in 1971. According to different drainages, seven subpopulations are distinguished: The Lago de Pátzcuaro subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Grande de Morelia subpopulation, the Río Angulo subpopulation, the Middle Río Lerma subpopulation, the Río San Juán subpopulation, the Laguna Yuriría subpopulation and the Laguna de Zirahuén subpopulation. The last four subpopulations are regarded Extinct." 191715,Skiffia multipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Skiffia,multipunctata,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)","Jacques Pellegrin received from M.L. Diguet specimens of this species from an area near Guadalajara before 1901 and described it as Xenendum multipunctatum (1901).  Regan placed it in 1907 in the genus Goodea as Goodea multipunctata, Hubbs and Turner in 1937 in Ollentodon. Again, Miller and Fitzsimons found the differences between Ollentodon and Skiffia not big enough to keep both genera valid and transfered the Splotched Skiffia into the genus Skiffia. Affiliated to three drainages, the Lower Río Lerma subpopulation (including the Río Duero), the Río Guascuaro and the Río Grande de Santiago/ Laguna Chapala subpopulation (type subpopulation) are distinguished. The type subpopulation is regarded Extinct, the Río Guascuaro subpopulation Data Deficient." 191716,Xenotaenia resolanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Xenotaenia,resolanae,,,,,"Turner, 1946","The types of the species C.L. Turner used to describe Xenotaenia resolanae were collected by himself in 1939 in the Río Resolana, a tributary of the Río Purificación. Affilated to two distinct river drainages, two subpopulations can be distinguished: The Río Purificación subpopulation (type subpopulation) and the Río Marabasco subpopulation." 191717,Xenotoca eiseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Xenotoca,eiseni,,,,,"(Rutter, 1896)","The types of this species descibed by Cloudsley Rutter in 1896 as Characodon eiseni go back to collection of fish from Tepic by Gustav Eisen (1894). The species was synomyized with Characodon variatus by Regan in 1907 and finally transfered into the genus Xenotoca by Fitzsimons (1972). Specimens dedicated to this species from the Coahuayana drainage (as Xenotoca lyonsi) and the Laguna Magdalena basin respectively Río Ameca drainage (as Xenotoca doadrioi) have been split off the Redtail Splitfin recently by Domínguez-Domínguez et al. (2016). Affiliated to three river drainages, three subpopulations can be distinguished: The Río Mololoa subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Santa Rosa subpopulation and the Río Huicicila subpopulation. Xenotoca eiseni differs in many parametres from Xenotoca variata, the type species of the genus, means the Black Splitfin will be transfered in the future into a new to be erected genus." 191718,Xenotoca melanosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Xenotoca,melanosoma,,,,,"Fitzsimons, 1972","The types Fitzsimons used in 1972 to describe Xenotoca melanosoma were collected by Miller and Huddle in the Río Tamazula (1968). Recent phylogenetic studies (Mar-Silva 2013) revealed, that populations from the Zapotlán lagoon north belong to a different and to be described species. From its affiliation to different drainages, eight subpopulations can be inferred: The Río Tuxpán subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río El Terrero subpopulation and the Río Ayuquila subpopulation belong to X. melanosoma. The Laguna de Zapotlán subpopulation, the Laguna de Sayula subpopulation, the Laguna Atotonilco subpopulation, the Upper Río Ameca subpopulation and the Laguna de Magdalena subpopulation belong to this to be described species. Xenotoca melanosoma differs in many parametres from Xenotoca variata, the type species of the genus, means the Black Splitfin will be transfered in the future into a new to be erected genus." 191719,Xenotoca variata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Xenotoca,variata,,,,,"(Bean, 1887)","This species was described as Characodon variatus in 1887 by Tarleton Bean from specimens collected by Álfredo Dugès from Guanajuato. In the same paper he described Characodon ferrugineus, later correctly interpreted by himself as synonym of variatus. Hubbs and Turner erected the genus Xenotoca for this species (1939), naming it Xenotoca variata. By the early 2000's, scientists discovered, that individuals from the endorheic Río Grande de Morelia basin represent a distinct species (Doadrio and Domínguez-Domínguez, 2004), but this species is not described yet validly (only in a Mexican thesis in 2008, that is not regarded officially published). Affiliated to different drainages, nine subpopulations can be distinguished: The Río Aguanaval subpopulation, the Lagos Los Negritos subpopulation, the Lower Río Lerma subpopulation, the Río Angulo subpopulation, the Río Verde subpopulation, the Middle Río Lerma subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Laguna Yuriría subpopulation, the Río Pánuco subpopulation and finnally the Río Grande de Morelia subpopulation, a distinct species." 191720,Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Zoogoneticus,quitzeoensis,,,,,"(Bean, 1898)","The female Holotype of this species described as Platypoecilus quitzeoensis by Barton A. Bean (1898) was collected by E.W. Nelson in August 1892 from the Cuitzeo lake. Seth E. Meek, calling this species erronously Poecilia quitzeoensis, transfered it then into a by him for this species erected genus as Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis. The specimens from La Barca, Ocotlán (Chapala lake) he examined belong today to a different species (Zoogoneticus purhepechus), descibed in 2008. Affiliated to four different drainages, four subpopulations can be inferred: The Río Gande de Morelia subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Angulo subpopulation, the Laguna Yuriría subpopulation and the Middle Río Lerma subpopulation. The last two ones are Possibly Extinct." 191721,Belonesox belizanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Belonesox,belizanus,,,,,"Kner, 1860", 191722,Brachyrhaphis hartwegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,hartwegi,,,,,"Rosen & Bailey, 1963", 191723,Carlhubbsia kidderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Carlhubbsia,kidderi,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1936)", 191724,Gambusia atrora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,atrora,,,,,"Rosen & Bailey, 1963", 191725,Gambusia aurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,aurata,,,,,"Miller & Minckley, 1970", 191726,Heterophallus echeagarayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Heterophallus,echeagarayi,,,,,"(Alvarez, 1952)", 191727,Gambusia marshi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,marshi,,,,,"Minckley & Craddock, 1962", 191728,Gambusia panuco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,panuco,,,,,"Hubbs, 1926",X. regani may be conspecific with this species (Rosen and Bailey 1963). 191729,Gambusia regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,regani,,,,,"Hubbs, 1926","There is serious doubts that this species is distinct from X. panuco. In its original description by Hubbs (1926), he says that it differs from panuco in colouration, number of fin rays and the structure of the anal fin in males. However, more recently Rosen and Bailey (1963) noted that this species is likely conspecific with X. panuco and Obregon Barboza et al. (1994) could not seperate the species and unlike all other Gambusia, their gonopodia are indistinguishable. Nelson et al. (2004) also regards the two species as the same." 191730,Gambusia sexradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,sexradiata,,,,,"Hubbs, 1936", 191731,Gambusia yucatana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,yucatana,,,,,"Regan, 1914", 191736,Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1848)", 191739,Pseudoxiphophorus jonesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,jonesii,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)","

Pseudoxiphophorus jonesii may be replaced by an undescribed, close congener from the Panuco River basin southward to the Tuxpan River (Obregon-Barboza et al. 1994), resulting in a reduced extent of ocurrence and area of occupancy that may warrant reassessment. Subpopulations from the Nautla River northward may also represent an undescribed species (Miller et al. 2005). 

" 191741,Heterophallus rachovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Heterophallus,rachovii,,,,,"Regan, 1914", 191743,Poecilia butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,butleri,,,,,"Jordan, 1889", 191746,Poecilia chica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,chica,,,,,"Miller, 1975", 191749,Poecilia maylandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,maylandi,,,,,"Meyer, 1983", 191750,Poecilia mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,mexicana,,,,,"Steindachner, 1863", 191751,Poecilia orri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,orri,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 132677053,Poecilia kykesis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,kykesis,,,,,"Poeser, 2002", 191753,Poecilia sphenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,sphenops,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 191754,Poecilia teresae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,teresae,,,,,"Greenfield, 1990", 191755,Poecilia velifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,velifera,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)", 191756,Poeciliopsis baenschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,baenschi,,,,,"Meyer, Radda, Riehl & Feichtinger, 1986", 191757,Poeciliopsis balsas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,balsas,,,,,"Hubbs, 1926", 191758,Poeciliopsis catemaco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,catemaco,,,,,"Miller, 1975", 191760,Poeciliopsis hnilickai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,hnilickai,,,,,"Meyer & Vogel, 1981", 191761,Poeciliopsis infans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,infans,,,,,"(Woolman, 1894)", 191762,Poeciliopsis lucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,lucida,,,,,"Miller, 1960", 191763,Poeciliopsis lutzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,lutzi,,,,,"(Meek, 1902)", 191764,Poeciliopsis pleurospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,pleurospilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 191765,Poeciliopsis presidionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,presidionis,,,,,"(Jordan & Culver, 1895)", 191766,Poeciliopsis scarlli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,scarlli,,,,,"Meyer, Riehl, Dawes & Dibble, 1985",There is some taxonomic uncertainty surrounding the validity of this species. Miller et al. (2005) list this species as a synonym of P. turrubarensis. The taxonomy of this species needs to be resolved. 191768,Poeciliopsis viriosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,viriosa,,,,,"Miller, 1960", 191769,Priapella chamulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapella,chamulae,,,,,"Schartl, Meyer & Wilde, 2006", 191770,Priapella compressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapella,compressa,,,,,"Alvarez, 1948", 191771,Priapella olmecae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapella,olmecae,,,,,"Meyer & Espinosa Pérez, 1990", 191773,Xenodexia ctenolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xenodexia,ctenolepis,,,,,"Hubbs, 1950", 191774,Xiphophorus alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,alvarezi,,,,,"Rosen, 1960", 191775,Xiphophorus andersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,andersi,,,,,"Meyer & Schartl, 1980", 191776,Xiphophorus birchmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,birchmanni,,,,,"Lechner & Radda, 1987", 191777,Xiphophorus continens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,continens,,,,,"Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990", 191778,Xiphophorus cortezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,cortezi,,,,,"Rosen, 1960", 191779,Xiphophorus evelynae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,evelynae,,,,,"Rosen, 1960",It is recorded that the species distinction from X. variatus is doubtful (Nelson et al. 2004). 191780,Xiphophorus hellerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,hellerii,,,,,"Heckel, 1848", 191781,Xiphophorus kallmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,kallmani,,,,,"Meyer & Schartl, 2003", 191784,Xiphophorus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,maculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 191785,Xiphophorus malinche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,malinche,,,,,"Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990", 191786,Xiphophorus milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,milleri,,,,,"Rosen, 1960", 191787,Xiphophorus montezumae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,montezumae,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1899", 191790,Xiphophorus nigrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,nigrensis,,,,,"Rosen, 1960", 191791,Xiphophorus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Hubbs & Gordon, 1943", 191792,Xiphophorus variatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,variatus,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)", 191793,Xiphophorus xiphidium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,xiphidium,,,,,"(Gordon, 1932)", 191794,Tlaloc labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Tlaloc,labialis,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 191795,Profundulus oaxacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Profundulus,oaxacae,,,,,"(Meek, 1902)", 191797,Profundulus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Profundulus,punctatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 191821,Cynodonichthys tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,tenuis,,,,,"Meek, 1904", 191822,Elops saurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,ELOPIDAE,Elops,saurus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766","Elops saurus was recently split into two largely allopatric species, E. saurus and E. smithi (McBride et al. 2010). In Florida waters, E. saurus and E. smithi may occur sympatrically at early life stages, though this does not appear to persist into the adult stage (McBride and Horodysky 2004). Elops saurus and E. smithi can be differentiated by myomere or vertebral counts; the more northern E. saurus is characterized by a higher count while the more southern E. smithi exhibits a lower count (Smith 1989, McBride and Horodysky 2004, McBride et al. 2010). These phenotypic differences are corroborated by genetic data (McBride et al. 2010)." 191824,Gobiesox fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,fluviatilis,,,,,"Briggs & Miller, 1960", 191825,Gobiesox juniperoserrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,juniperoserrai,,,,,"Espinosa Pérez & Castro-Aguirre, 1996", 191826,Gobiesox mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,mexicanus,,,,,"Briggs & Miller, 1960", 191827,Gymnotus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,maculosus,,,,,"Albert & Miller, 1995", 191838,Astatheros macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatheros,macracanthus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 191839,Wajpamheros nourissati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Wajpamheros,nourissati,,,,,"(Allgayer, 1989)", 191840,Cribroheros robertsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,robertsoni,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 191844,Mayaheros beani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mayaheros,beani,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)", 191908,Oligodon albocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,albocinctus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)","This species may be a composite of two, seemingly distinct species, and this requires clarification." 191910,Trimeresurus venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,venustus,,,,,"Vogel, 1991","This species is closely related to Trimeresurus macrops. Older literature references to T. kanburiensis are likely to refer in fact to this taxon (Uetz et al. 2020)." 191911,Hebius chapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,chapaensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)",Ren et al. (2018) synonymized Pararhabdophis with Hebius. 191912,Gerrhopilus bisubocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,bisubocularis,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)","The species is known from the holotype, with a locality stated as ""Pinang Malaya"". The validity of this locality has been questioned (Wall 1923). According to McDiarmid et al. (1999), ""The only exact locality known for this species is Bogor"", in West Java, however the assignment of this specimen (USNM 043455) to Typhlops bothriorhynchus is believed to be in error (D.T. Iskander pers. comm. August 2011). Das (1996) removed this species from synonymy with T. diardi on the recommendation of V. Wallach, based on morphological differences (McDiarmid et al. 1999)." 191913,Opisthotropis jacobi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,jacobi,,,,,"Angel & Bourret, 1933", 191914,Ahaetulla mycterizans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,mycterizans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 191916,Argyrophis trangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,trangensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)",The species is currently known from the holotype alone. 191917,Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Pseudoxenodon,karlschmidti,,,,,"Pope, 1928", 191918,Oligodon inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,inornatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)","This species has historically been treated as a synonym of Oligodon cinereus, where it was placed by Smith (1935)." 191920,Liopeltis stoliczkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Liopeltis,stoliczkae,,,,,"(Sclater, 1891)","The widely disjunct range of this species may be explained by a misidentification or taxonomic problem. A specimen referred to as Liopeltis cf. tricolor and L. tricolor by Orlov et al. (2003), and as L. tricolor by Nguyen et al. (2009), from Lam Dong Province, Vietnam, may be conspecific with the record of L. stolickzae from adjacent eastern Cambodia reported by Stuart et al. (2006)." 191921,Opisthotropis maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,maculosa,,,,,"Stuart & Chuaynkern, 2007", 191922,Asthenodipsas laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Asthenodipsas,laevis,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","This species has been alternatively placed in the genera Internatus, Pareas, Dipsas, and Amblycephalus." 191926,Pseudoxenodon macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Pseudoxenodon,macrops,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)","Three subspecies are recognized: Pseudoxenodon m. macrops, P. m. fukienensis, and P. m. sinensis." 191927,Opisthotropis daovantieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,daovantieni,,,,,"Orlov, Darevsky & Murphy, 1998", 191928,Rhabdophis murudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,murudensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1925)",No taxonomic issues. 191929,Gonyosoma frenatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gonyosoma,frenatum,,,,,"(Gray, 1853)", 191930,Sinomicrurus macclellandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Sinomicrurus,macclellandi,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1844)","Four subspecies are recognized: Sinomicrurus macclellandii macclellandi, S. m. iwasakii, S. m. swinhoei, and S. m. univirgatus. This is a species complex, and further study will be needed into the taxonomy and the conservation status of each of the component species." 191931,Asthenodipsas malaccanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Asthenodipsas,malaccanus,,,,,"Peters, 1864", 191932,Oligodon eberhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,eberhardti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1910","Oligodon eberhardti has been confused with O. catenatus, of which it was formerly a synonym." 191933,Pseudagkistrodon rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Pseudagkistrodon,rudis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 191934,Oligodon barroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,barroni,,,,,"(Smith, 1916)", 191935,Oligodon chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,chinensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1888)", 191936,Achalinus meiguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,meiguensis,,,,,"Hu & Zhao, 1966", 191937,Macrocalamus schulzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Macrocalamus,schulzi,,,,,"Vogel & David, 1999", 191938,Oligodon formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,formosanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 191939,Elaphe davidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,davidi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1884)", 191940,Boiga ochracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,ochracea,,,,,"(Theobald, 1868)","Three subspecies are recognized: Boiga ochracea ochracea, B. o. stolickzae (Wall, 1909) and B. o. walli (Smith, 1943). B. o. stolickzae is found in central Nepal, Sikkim in India, and in northern Myanmar (Uetz 2010).

Das (2010) treats B. walli as a full species under the proposed common name Wall's Cat Snake, with a distribution in Tenasserim (Tanintharyi Division, southern Myanmar) and the Andaman Islands, however, Uetz (2010) considers that this subspecies is confined to Bangladesh. B. walli is assessed separately." 191941,Oligodon lungshenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,lungshenensis,,,,,"Zheng & Huang, 1978", 191942,Rhabdophis tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,tigrinus,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)","Takeuchi et al. (2012) examined genetic relationships between Rhabdophis t. tigrinus from Japan, R. t. formosanus from Taiwan, and populations on the Asian mainland (sometimes recognized as the distinct subspecies R. t. lateralis, although the validity of this form has been disputed - see Takeuchi et al. 2012 for a discussion). On the basis of their results, these authors proposed specific status for R. t. formosanus and R. t. lateralis. Takeuchi et al. (2012) sequenced R. t. lateralis (which occurs throughout China and the Korean Peninsula, and in far eastern Russia) only from South Korea, and acknowledge the absence of known morphological characters that can distinguish this taxon from R. t. tigrinus. On this basis, and pending genetic comparison with specimens from China that can more fully characterize genetic variation within R. tigrinus, both R. t. lateralis and R. t. formosanus are provisionally retained here as subspecies of R. tigrinus." 191945,Asthenodipsas vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Asthenodipsas,vertebralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","" 191946,Rhabdophis flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,flaviceps,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 191948,Lycodon flavozonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,flavozonatus,,,,,"(Pope, 1928)", 191949,Macrocalamus tweediei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Macrocalamus,tweediei,,,,,"Lim, 1963", 191951,Calamaria ulmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,ulmeri,,,,,"Sackett, 1940",No taxonomic issues. 191952,Oligodon taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,taeniatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)","Oligodon quadrilineatus was erroneously described as a species distinct from O. taeniatus following confusion over the number of dorsal scale rows possessed by the holotype (David et al. 2008), which was corrected when Campden-Main (1969) synonymized O. quadrilineatus within O. taeniatus. Despite accepting the correct number of scale rows for O. taeniatus, Das (2010) treated O. quadrilineatus as a separate species, but provided no characters by which the two forms could reliably be distinguished. The description given in Das (2010) matches the description of the neotype for O. quadrilineatus assigned by David et al. (2008), however, this neotype designation was made to affirm the synonymy of these two names following the loss of the O. quadrilineatus holotype, not to resurrect O. quadrilineatus as a valid species. David et al. (2011) corrected the neotype designation following the rediscovery of a museum specimen consistent with the original holotype. The newly-designated neotype is also referrable to O. taeniatus, and so O. quadrilineatus remains in synonymy with this species.

In their revision of the O. taeniatus complex, David et al. (2008) redescribed this species, erecting the new species O. deuvei, O. moricei and O. pseudotaeniatus to describe populations formerly included within O. taeniatus, and clarifying its distinction from O. barroni and O. mouhoti. " 191953,Gongylosoma baliodeirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gongylosoma,baliodeirus,,,,,"Boie, 1827", 191955,Trimerodytes yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trimerodytes,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Rao & Yang, 1998)", 191956,Calliophis bivirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,bivirgata,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Maticora. Three subspecies are recognized: C. b. bivirgata, C. b. flaviceps, and C. b. tetrataenia. " 191957,Bungarus multicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,multicinctus,,,,,"Blyth, 1861","Two subspecies have been recognized: Bungarus multicinctus multicinctus and Bungarus multicinctus wanghaotingi. The latter is treated here as a full species following Leviton et al. (2003). It is probable that both members of this species group contain additional cryptic forms (Leviton et al. 2003). In an investigation of the systematics of this group, Chen et al. (2021) recovered three lineages corresponding to the recognized names B. candidus, B. multicinctus and B. wanghaotingi, supporting the recognition of the latter as a distinct species." 191959,Argyrophis giandinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,giandinhensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)","This species may be a synonym of T. diardii (Nguyen et al. 2009)." 191960,Sinomicrurus kelloggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Sinomicrurus,kelloggi,,,,,"(Pope, 1928)","The description of Sinomicrurus houi Wang, Peng & Huang, 2018 assigned all records of P. kelloggi from Hainan to the new species (Peng et al. 2018). A form apparently transitional between the two species, currently assigned to S. kellogi, is known from Yunnan and Vietnam, and these authors mentioned that further taxonomic research is likely to be needed into the systematics of this group (Peng et al. 2018).

Smart et al. (2021) compared S. houi material with that of S. wongii, presently a junior synonym of S. kelloggi. These authors concluded that S. houi is a junior synonym of S. kelloggi as presently understood, but note that S. kelloggii appears to be a complex of at least two species based on reported levels of genetic divergence and that further research is needed to clarify its systematics." 191961,Oligodon cruentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,cruentatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","This species is similar to Oligodon theobaldi according to Smith (1943)." 191962,Dendrelaphis underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,underwoodi,,,,,"van Rooijen & Vogel, 2008","The species was recently described based on three specimens from museum collections. These were previously considered to belong to D. formosus.
" 191963,Lycodon ophiophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,ophiophagus,,,,,"Vogel, David, Pauwels, Sumontha, Norval, Hendrix, Vu & Ziegler, 2009","This species was described to science only in 2009 (Vogel et al. 2009)." 191965,Rhabdophis leonardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,leonardi,,,,,"(Wall, 1923)", 191966,Oligodon trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,trilineatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)",No taxonomic issues. 191967,Pareas formosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,formosensis,,,,,"(van Denburgh, 1909)","Jiang (2004) indicated that, based on morphological similarities, P. chinensis should be treated as a synonym of P. formosensis. This assignment is not supported by recent genetic research, which found that P. formosensis is not closely-related to P. chinensis and is instead sister to P. hamptoni (Guo et al. 2011)." 191968,Gloydius strauchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,strauchi,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1912)","The former subspecies Gloydius strauchi monticola is now recognized as a distinct species. Longstanding taxonomic uncertainty exists regarding the validity of G. liupanensis and G. qinlingensis, both of which have previously been treated as synonyms of G. strauchi, and is discussed by Xu et al. (2012). These authors suggested that both are likely to be valid species, but that further work is needed to clarify this arrangement. Wang et al. (2019) further investigated the systematics of this complex and their results indicated that several species should likely be recognized, including the named taxa G. rubromaculatus, G. monticola, G. liupanensis and G. qinlingensis as well as the new species G. huangi.

Summarizing these changes, and accepting the taxonomically controversial G. liupanensis and G. qinlingensis as valid, Shi et al. (2021) described the species as being restricted to western Sichuan. Nevertheless the species has not been formally redescribed." 191969,Lycodon kundui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,kundui,,,,,"Smith, 1943", 191970,Dendrelaphis subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,subocularis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","This species has also been placed in the genera Dendrophis and Ahaetulla." 191971,Oligodon mouhoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,mouhoti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)","This species was historically synonymized with Oligodon cinereus, where it was placed by Smith (1935). Reports of this species from Vietnam are based on confusion with O. taeniatus and/or O. deuvei (David et al. 2008)." 191972,Xenochrophis bellulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Xenochrophis,bellulus,,,,,"(Stolickza, 1871)", 191973,Calamaria margaritophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,margaritophora,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860",No problems on taxonomy. 191974,Pseudorabdion albonuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,albonuchalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1896)",No taxonomy issues. 191975,Indotyphlops ozakiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,ozakiae,,,,,"(Wallach In Niyomwan, Thirakhupt & Nabhitabhata, 2001)","The species is listed as Ramphotyphlops ozakiae Wallach in a thesis by Niyomwan, Thirakhupt and Nabhitabhata 2001, the first publication to mention this species combination. Wallach had not, in fact, published the description of this species but had provided data on it to the lead author, who were apparently unaware that there was no published description (V. Wallach pers. comm. November 2010). Under the Rules of the Zoological Code of Nomenclature, the species has been ""validly albeit unintentionally published"" (V. Wallach pers. comm. November 2010), and the appropriate authority is considered to be Wallach in Niyomwam, Thirakhupt and Nabhitabhata 2001. Das (2010) assigns this species to Typhlops without discussion.

This snake is difficult to distinguish from other blind snakes in and around Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, and so may be under-recorded (T. Chan-ard pers. comm. August 2011)." 191976,Macrocalamus jasoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Macrocalamus,jasoni,,,,,"Grandison, 1972", 191979,Fowlea yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)","Deepak et al. (2022) and Cheng et al. (2021) independently reassigned this species from Atretium to Fowlea on the basis of both morphological (Cheng et al. 2021) and molecular (Deepak et al. 2022, Cheng et al. 2021) evidence." 191980,Fowlea sanctijohannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,sanctijohannis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","Smith (1943) treated this species as a junior synonym of Fowlea piscator, and more recently Vogel and David (2006) also questioned the distinctiveness of this species from F. piscator. Taxonomic study is needed to determine if this is a valid species, and, if so, its geographic distribution." 191981,Oligodon annulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,annulifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)","The species is poorly known and numerous subspecies have been described and now proven to belong to other species as synonyms. Oligodon annulifer bipartita Despax, 1912 is a subjective junior synonym of Oligodon pulcherrimus Werner, 1909. Oligodon durheimi Baumann, 1913 is a subjective junior synonym of Oligodon pulcherrimus Werner, 1909. Oligodon annulifer annulata (Van Lidth de Jeude, 1922) is a subjective junior synonym of Oligodon signatus (Günther, 1864). Oligodon annulifer confluens Werner, 1924 is a subjective junior synonym of Oligodon petronellae Roux in De Rooij, 1917 (Tillack & Gunther 2009) .

Stuebing and Inger (1999) suggested that this species, then known from only four juvenile specimens, was in fact a juvenile of another species of Oligodon. The recent collection of an adult specimen from a site in Brunei (J.M. Dehling pers. comm., Tillack and Günther 2009), however, confirms the validity of Oligodon annulifer as a distinct species.






" 191983,Anomochilus monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMOCHILIDAE,Anomochilus,monticola,,,,,"Das, Lakim, Lim & Hui, 2008",Das et al. (2008) described the species based on one holotype and two paratypes. A record from Kutai (Brongersma & Helle 1958) might refer to this species but need confirmation. 191984,Lycodon septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)", 191985,Gerrhopilus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,ater,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)","The species was described from Java, but subsequently found in North Sulawesi and other islands from the east to New Guinea, which makes the record from Java unlikely biogeographically. The population from East Indonesia was described as a different subspecies, suturalis by Brongersma (1934), but this arrangement was not followed by In den Bosch and Ineich (1994) or McDowell (1974).

" 191986,Fowlea melanozostus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,melanozostus,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1807)","The species was previously included within the widespread species Xenochrophis piscator." 191987,Opisthotropis kuatunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,kuatunensis,,,,,"Pope, 1928", 191988,Boiga cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,cyanea,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)",A specimen of Boiga cynanea from Bhutan was previously misidentified as B. ochracea ochracea (Tillack 2006). 191989,Hydrablabes praefrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hydrablabes,praefrontalis,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)","The species was described based on a single specimen from Mt Kinabalu, about 120 years ago and only differs from the other species (H. periops) of the genus in having a fused prefrontal scute. The validity of this species is questionable (Stuebing and Inger 1999)." 191990,Calamaria schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,schlegeli,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","The species is relatively variable, and has been given numerous names which Inger and Marx (1965) list as synonyms. The form found on Java and Bali is sufficiently distinct to be recognized as a subspecies, Calamaria schlegeli cuvieri." 191991,Argyrophis roxaneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,roxaneae,,,,,"(Wallach, 2001)","The species is described based on a single specimen, closely related to T. diardii (Wallach, 2001)" 191992,Oligodon dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1834)", 191993,Dendrelaphis haasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,haasi,,,,,"van Rooijen & Vogel, 2008","Prior to its recent description, this snake was included within Dendrelaphis pictus." 191994,Calamaria yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,yunnanensis,,,,,"Chernov, 1962","This species was described based on a single specimen, which subsequent workers have failed to locate (Lee 2021). On this basis, and the lack of clearly unique characters in the original description, its validity has been considered doubtful (Inger and Marx 1965). Following the collection of additional material, Lee (2021) redescribed Calamaria yunnanensis based on a comparison of the newer specimens with descriptions of an animal collected from the type locality. He nonetheless recommended a further formal redescription should additional material from the type locality be collected or the holotype rediscovered." 191996,Trachischium tenuiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trachischium,tenuiceps,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)", 191997,Oligodon melanozonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,melanozonatus,,,,,"Wall, 1922", 191998,Calliophis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,gracilis,,,,,"Gray, 1835", 191999,Argyrophis oatesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,oatesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 192002,Smithophis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Smithophis,bicolor,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)",Smithsophis atemporalis was described from a sample of Northeast Indian Rhabdophis previously confused with Rhabdophis (now Smithsophis atemporalis) (Giri et al. 2019). Variability within this species across India and Indochina suggests that its taxonomy is in need of further resolution (Giri et al. 2019). 192003,Argyrophis klemmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,klemmeri,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)", 192004,Trimerodytes balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trimerodytes,balteatus,,,,,"Cope, 1895","This snake, the type species of the genus Trimerodytes, has generally been included in the genus Opisthotropis following Pope (1935). This large genus has never been fully revised and the name Trimerodytes was largely neglected until Ren et al. (2019). Although these authors did not fully revise Opisthotropis, they identified that this genus is polytypic and that O. balteata belongs to the clade containing Sinonatrix. These authors consequently revalidated Trimerodytes, with Sinonatrix as a junior synonym, and suggested that further research is likely to reveal that Paratinophis praemaxiliaris should also be referred to Trimerodytes." 192006,Orientocoluber spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Orientocoluber,spinalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)","Nagy et al. (2004) identified that the genus Hierophis as then understood was paraphyletic, and that H. spinalis was closer to Eirenis than to other species of Hierophis. This author's recommendation that H. spinalis be transferred to Eirenis has not, however, been widely adopted, and Kharin (2011) erected the new monotypic genus Orientocoluber for this species." 192007,Opisthotropis andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,andersonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","The Vietnamese island specimens, which have been deposited in a Russian institution, have not recently been examined, and work is needed to confirm their identity (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. August 2011). Wang et al. (2017), in redescribing the species, accepted these records but only examined Chinese material." 192010,Sibynophis triangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,triangularis,,,,,"Taylor, 1965","The identity of records attributed to Sibynophis collaris from Cambodia and Viet Nam requires confirmation, as some may represent this species (B. Stuart pers. comm. August 2011)." 192011,Sibynophis melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1835)","Two subspecies are recognized: S. m. melanocephalus (Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1835) and S. m. insularis Mertens, 1927. " 192012,Herpetoreas xenura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Herpetoreas,xenura,,,,,"(Wall, 1907)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Natrix. It closely resembles Hebius [Amphiesma] modestum according to Smith (1943), and may therefore be hidden in natural history collections under this name.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192013,Python breitensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,breitensteini,,,,,"Steindachner, 1881","The species was previously considered as a subspecies of Python curtus. Other members of the ""Python curtus group"" are now considered as distinct species (Keogh et al. 2001, Rawlings et al. 2008, Zug et al. 2011); P. curtus in western Sumatra, P. brongersmai in the remainder of Sumatra and in mainland Southeast Asia, P. breitensteini from Borneo, and P. kyaiktiyo from Myanmar. The occurrence, origin and taxonomic status of members of the P. curtus group in Indochina, presently assigned to P. brongersmai, is uncertain (Zug et al. 2011). The separation of this species is supported by differences in scalation and colouration as well as by DNA analysis and geography (Keogh et al. 2001, Rawlings et al. 2008)." 192014,Ramphotyphlops lorenzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,lorenzi,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)","The species description indicates that this form might well be a Ramphotyphlops. However, the type specimen is lost and confirmation about its taxonomic status is still uncertain. Probably it is closely related to R. multilineatus." 192016,Calamaria schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,schmidti,,,,,"Marx & Inger, 1965",

No taxonomy issues.

192017,Pareas margaritophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,margaritophorus,,,,,"(Jan, 1866)","The distribution of this species is likely confused with P. macularius in the literature and is probably unreliable. The two species were synonymized by Huang (2004), with P. macularius becoming a subspecies of P. margaritophorus. Vogel (2010) rejected this synonymy on the basis that Huang appears not to have examined and compared type material for the two forms. Recent molecular data reveals high genetic diversity within P. margaritophorus, and further research may justify the treatment of the two forms as separate species (Guo et al. 2011). An additional subspecies, P. m. tamdaoensis, is here retained within P. margaritophorus, although Das (2010) treats this as a separate species." 192018,Boiga jaspidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,jaspidea,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 192019,Hebius parallelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,parallelus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192021,Rhabdophis swinhonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,swinhonis,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 192022,Oreocalamus hanitschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Oreocalamus,hanitschi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899","O. hanitschi is the only species of its genus." 192024,Rhabdophis nigrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,nigrocinctus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)", 192025,Elaphe carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,carinata,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","The validity of the subspecies Elaphe carinata deqenensis has been a source of some dispute (Guo et al. 2012 and refs therein). Based on morphological comparisons and low levels of genetic divergence within E. carinata, Guo et al. (2012) determined that the morphologcal characters used to diagnose the subspecies were unreliable, and provisionally synonymized it with E. c. carinata. These authors cautioned, however, that their genetic data was not sufficient to determine whether E. c. deqenensis is a valid evolutionary unit." 192026,Boiga multomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,multomaculata,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 192027,Oligodon mcdougalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,mcdougalli,,,,,"Wall, 1905", 192029,Dendrelaphis ngansonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,ngansonensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1935)","This species was treated as a subspecies of the ubiquitous Dendrelaphis pictus, until it was elevated to full species by Ziegler and Vogel (1999). It is very similar to D. cyanochloris (G. Vogel pers. comm. August 2011). Historical records of D. pictus, D. cyanochloris and D. ngansonensis may be confused, making the true distribution difficult to establish (Q.T. Nguyen and G. Vogel pers. comm. August 2011).

Jiang et al. (2020) examined records of Dendrelaphis from China and referred the two records from this country previously assigned to D. ngansonensis to the D, cyanochloris complex, while recommending further study to clarify the identity of records from Yunnan. These authors consequently do not recognize D. ngansonensis as part of the Chinese fauna." 192032,Oligodon bitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,bitorquatus,,,,,"Boie, 1827",

No taxonomy issues.

192033,Calamaria gracillima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,gracillima,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 192035,Cylindrophis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,lineatus,,,,,"Blanford, 1881", 192037,Lycodon futsingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,futsingensis,,,,,"(Pope, 1928)",This species was resurrected from synonymy with Lycodon rushstrati by Vogel et al. (2009). The exact distribution of these two species needs further research. 192038,Oligodon fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","This is a species complex, containing at least two recognized forms (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. August 2011). It has also been confused with Oligodon cyclurus. Following Wagner (1975), Pauwels et al. (2002, 2011) and David et al. (2011) consider that populations from southeast Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia should be referred to O. fasciolatus, and O. cyclurus should be confined to eastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Research is ongoing to clarify the taxonomy of this group. This concept is applied here." 192040,Elaphe moellendorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,moellendorffi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1886)", 192043,Calamaria lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,lateralis,,,,,"Mocquard, 1890", 192045,Calamaria linnaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,linnaei,,,,,"Boie, 1827",No taxonomic issues. 192046,Oligodon booliati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,booliati,,,,,"Leong & Grismer, 2004","The species was described in 2004, although specimens are known since 1962 (Leong & Grismer 2004)." 192048,Macrocalamus gentingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Macrocalamus,gentingensis,,,,,"Yaakob & Lim, 2002", 192049,Ramphotyphlops olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,olivaceus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",No taxonomic issues. 192050,Opisthotropis guangxiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,guangxiensis,,,,,"Zhao, Jiang & Huang, 1978", 192052,Trimerodytes annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trimerodytes,annularis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1856)", 192054,Ptyas major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,major,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 192055,Oligodon pseudotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,pseudotaeniatus,,,,,"David, Vogel & van Rooijen, 2008","This recently described species was historically confused with Oligodon taeniatus." 192056,Rhabdophis rhodomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,rhodomelas,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 192059,Xenochrophis vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Xenochrophis,vittatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",No taxonomic issues. 192060,Gongylosoma longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gongylosoma,longicauda,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)",No taxonomic issues. 192062,Pseudorabdion collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,collaris,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1892)",No taxonomic issues. 192063,Bungarus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","Bungarus fasciatus was described by Schneider in 1801 based on drawings and a description by Dr. Patrick Russell of specimens collected from Bengal, India (Smith 1943)." 192064,Lycodon capucinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,capucinus,,,,,"H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827","This species has also been placed in the genus Ophites, but this is not widely accepted. This species is often synonymized with or treated as a subspecies of Lycodon aulicus, but they are here considered as distinct species following Taylor (1965) and David and Vogel (1996)." 192065,Gloydius blomhoffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,blomhoffii,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)","The historical concept of Agkistrodon blomhoffii included four subspecies: A. b. blomhoffii, A. b. brevicaudus, A. b. siniticus and A. b. dubitatus). Paik et al. (1993) elevated the Korean subspecies brevicaudus to specific status, a decision subsequently supported by genetic data (Xu et al. 2012). Based on mtDNA studies, Wang and Zhao (2007, 2008) found that Gloydius blomhoffii dubitatus and G. b. siniticus are both referrable to G. brevicaudus. Consequently the concept of G. blomhoffii accepted here is restricted to Japan and Kunashir Island." 192066,Stegonotus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,borneensis,,,,,"Inger, 1967",Kaiser et al. (2018) note that Sarawak and Sabah specimens exhibit distinct morphology and that work to recognize the Sabah records as a distinct species is underway. 192067,Lycodon albofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,albofuscus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Das and Yaakob (2007) and Das (2010) placed this species in the genus Lycodon. The Reptile Database considers it to belong to the genus Lepturophis and does not recognize it as occurring on the Malay Peninsula, which is in error.
" 192068,Oligodon ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,ocellatus,,,,,"Morice, 1875", 192069,Rhabdophis callichroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,callichroma,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)", 192070,Bungarus wanghaotingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,wanghaotingi,,,,,"Pope, 1928","Two subspecies of Bungarus multicinctus have been recognized: B. m. multicinctus and B. m. wanghaotingi. The latter is treated here as a full species following Leviton et al. (2003). It is probable that both members of this species group contain additional cryptic forms (Leviton et al. 2003). In an investigation of the systematics of this group, Chen et al. (2021) recovered three lineages corresponding to the recognized names B. candidus, B. multicinctus and B. wanghaotingi, supporting the recognition of the latter as a distinct species.

Leviton et al. (2003) accepted the occurrence of Bungarus wanghaotingi in Myanmar, reporting it from several states. These are not referred to by Chen et al. (2021), who do not recognize any member of the B. candidus/multicinctus/wanghaotingi group from Myanmar based on specimens they examined, only Bungarus magnamaculatus and B. suzhenae. These are accepted here as representing B. wanghaotingi pending further research." 192071,Xenochrophis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Xenochrophis,maculatus,,,,,"(Edeling, 1864)","


" 192072,Dendrelaphis striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,striatus,,,,,"(Cohn, 1905)","The species was previously considered as a variation of D. pictus." 192074,Elapoidis fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Elapoidis,fusca,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)","Vogel et al. (2018) resurrected Elapoidis sumatrana from synonymy within E. fusca, but this action has been considered ""dubious"" due to overlapping morphological characters and the relatively small sample size (Uetz et al. 2019). Vogel et al. (2018) did not conduct any molecular analysis, and further research incorporating both molecular and morphological methods is required to clarify the validity of E. sumatrana." 192075,Bungarus flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,flaviceps,,,,,"Reinhardt, 1943","Two subspecies are recognized: B. f. flaviceps and B. f. baluensis. " 192076,Plagiopholis blakewayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Plagiopholis,blakewayi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893","The genus Trirhinopholis is a junior synonym of Plagiopholis (see Smith 1943). This species has previously been treated as a synonym of P. nuchalis, but Tillack et al. (2006) provide evidence against this synonymy." 192077,Psammophis indochinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,indochinensis,,,,,"Smith, 1943","Psammophis indochinensis is variously treated as a full species (e.g. Hughes 1999, Pauwels et al. 2003, Nguyen et al. 2009) or as a subspecies of P. condanarus (e.g. McKay 2006, Cottone and Bauer 2009). Cottone and Bauer (2009) remark that ""the validity of the subspecific division of [P. condanarus] has not been critically assessed"". Based on the disjunct distributions of the two taxa and morphological differences highlighted by Pauwels et al. (2003) it is probable that the two forms represent different species (P. David and A. Bauer pers. comm. 2013) and this scheme is followed here. A full revision is however needed to clarify the relationships of these two taxa (A. Bauer pers. comm. 2013)." 192079,Pareas monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,monticola,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)", 192080,Cylindrophis ruffus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,ruffus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Taxonomic study is required to assess whether populations across this large geographic area are truly conspecific. Two subspecies are recognized, Cylindrophis r. ruffus and C. r. burmanus." 192081,Calamaria javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,javanica,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891",No taxonomic issues. 192083,Calamaria leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,leucogaster,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 192084,Pseudorabdion eiselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,eiselti,,,,,"Inger & Leviton, 1961",No taxonomic issues. 192085,Calamaria alidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,alidae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920",No taxonomic issues. 192087,Boiga bengkuluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,bengkuluensis,,,,,"Orlov, Kudryavtzev, Ryabov & Shumakov, 2003","The species is difficult to distinguish from B. drapiezii (Ramadhan et al. 2010)." 192088,Lycodon cardamomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,cardamomensis,,,,,"Daltry & Wüster, 2002",This species has been confused with the Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus) by local people. 192089,Oligodon propinquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,propinquus,,,,,"Jan, 1862","Possibly a synonym of Oligodon waandersi (Bleeker, 1860). This species has been listed as a species from Sulawesi, even the original label of the type mentioned as Java (fide Fritz 2019). However, this species has never been recorded from Sulawesi or Java. Furthermore the taxonomic status of this species is doubtful (fide Wagner in Fritz 2019). Therefore the taxonomic status of the species must be re-assessed." 192091,Xenophidion schaeferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOPHIIDAE,Xenophidion,schaeferi,,,,,"Günther & Manthey, 1995", 192092,Calamaria mecheli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,mecheli,,,,,"Schenkel, 1901",Specimens from Riau and West Sumatra are very similar to each other. The only specimen from North Sumatra might represent a different species but paucity of specimens prevent further taxonomical treatment (Inger and Marx 1965). 192094,Boiga kraepelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,kraepelini,,,,,"Stejneger, 1902", 192096,Oligodon praefrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,praefrontalis,,,,,"Werner, 1913","The species is only known from the holotype from Weh Island, Aceh, now lost (the museum where it was collected was destroyed during war so the specimen is not available). It is not known which is the most closely related species, but Tillack and Gunther (2009) suggest it is more similar to O. pulcherrimus." 192097,Elaphe hodgsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,hodgsonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 192098,Xenelaphis ellipsifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Xenelaphis,ellipsifer,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 192099,Achalinus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,rufescens,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888","Intraspecific relationships within this species remain unresolved, and research to date summarized by Li et al. (2021) suggests that it is a species complex, with high genetic divergences recorded among Southeast Asian populations. A record of this species from Anhui (Peng and Huang 2015) was subsequently described as the new species A. huangjietangi (Huang et al. 2021)." 192101,Calamaria grabowskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,grabowskyi,,,,,"Fischer, 1885",The species is a well recognized species and recorded from many places in Borneo. Only two synonyms have been listed (Inger and Marx 1965). 192103,Rhabdophis conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,conspicillatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 192106,Oligodon hamptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,hamptoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","Pope (1935) suggested that Oligodon hamptoni and O., lacroixi may be conspecific, and the lack of material for both species has since left this issue unresolved. Redescriptions of both species (Orlov et al. 2010, Lee et al. 2021) and improved knowledge of O. lacroixi enabled Lee et al. (2021) to conclude that the two species are distinct." 192107,Oligodon theobaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,theobaldi,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","This species is similar to Oligodon cruentatus according to Smith (1943)." 192109,Naja atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,atra,,,,,"Cantor, 1842", 192110,Oligodon petronellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,petronellae,,,,,"Roux, 1917","
" 192111,Oligodon annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,annamensis,,,,,"Leviton, 1953", 192112,Thermophis zhaoermii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thermophis,zhaoermii,,,,,"Guo, Liu, Feng & He, 2008","Hofmann et al. (2015) reviewed the evidence used by Peng et al. (2014) to describe Thermophis shangrila, and found that both morphological and molecular evidence were insufficient to reliably distinguish this species from Thermophis zhaoermii. These authors took no taxonomic action due to the small sample sizes available, but further sampling may reveal that T. shangrila is a junior synonym of T. zhaoermii (Hofmann et al. 2015)." 192113,Hebius khasiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,khasiensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","David et al. (2013) clarified longstanding taxonomic confusion surrounding a number of records of H. (then Aphiesma) khasiense, H. boulengeri, H. inas and H. kerinciense, and found that a number of populations from Thailand and Indochina they examined (including all Indochinese records of ""A. khasiense"") reported in literature as A. khasiense, A. inas and A. modestum instead represent H. boulengeri. These authors redefined the species as an Indo-Himalayan endemic.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192115,Boiga siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,siamensis,,,,,"Nutaphand, 1971", 192117,Elaphe cantoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,cantoris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 192118,Oligodon moricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,moricei,,,,,"David, Vogel & van Rooijen, 2008","This species is tentatively referred to the Oligodon taeniatus-group solely on the basis of its striped pattern; the holotype was originally confused with O. taeniatus. A male specimen will be necessary to ascertain its position within the genus Oligodon." 192119,Calamaria bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,bicolor,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","The species is essentially well known and has five synonyms (Inger and Marx, 1965)." 192120,Fowlea flavipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,flavipunctatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1860)","This species has long been treated as a subspecies of Fowlea piscator. Literature records of this species and F. piscator, which occur in sympatry (Zug et al. 2006, Vogel and David 2006) are confused. The subspecies F. f. schnurrenbergeri is now recognized as a full species (Vogel and David 2006). Additional study of this species complex is warranted, as additional species may exist under the name F. flavipunctatus." 192121,Bungarus bungaroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,bungaroides,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)","The population from northern Vietnam previously assigned to this species was described as a separate species, Bungarus slowinskii, by Kuch et al. (2005).
" 192124,Lycodon rufozonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,rufozonatus,,,,,"Cantor, 1842", 192125,Calamaria battersbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,battersbyi,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965", 192126,Ptyas dhumnades,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,dhumnades,,,,,"(Cantor, 1842)", 192128,Lycodon ruhstrati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,ruhstrati,,,,,"(Fischer, 1886)","Vogel et al. (2009) conducted a morphological evaluation of the Lycodon ruhstrati complex and identified three ""distinct, although poorly genetically differentiated"" lineages: two of these are restricted to Taiwan, with a third clade occurring throughout the rest of the range. These authors described the mainland lineage as a distinct subspecies, L. r. abditus." 192129,Boiga quincunciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,quincunciata,,,,,"(Wall, 1908)", 192131,Ptyas korros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,korros,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 192132,Euprepiophis perlacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Euprepiophis,perlacea,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1929)", 192133,Xenopeltis hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOPELTIDAE,Xenopeltis,hainanensis,,,,,"Hu & Zhao, 1972", 192134,Oligodon splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,splendidus,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","This is a member of the Oligodon cinereus group (Smith 1943)." 192135,Ptyas fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,fusca,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 192137,Boiga saengsomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,saengsomi,,,,,"Nutaphand, 1985", 192138,Euprepiophis mandarinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Euprepiophis,mandarinus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1842)", 192139,Calamaria eiselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,eiselti,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965", 192141,Rhabdophis himalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,himalayanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 192143,Calamaria doederleini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,doederleini,,,,,"Gough, 1902", 192144,Pseudoxenodon jacobsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Pseudoxenodon,jacobsonii,,,,,"Lidth de Jeude, 1922",Treated as a subspecies of P. inornatus in the Reptile Database. 192145,Gloydius ussuriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,ussuriensis,,,,,"(Emilianov, 1929)", 192146,Oligodon everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,everetti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893",No taxonomic issues. 192150,Calamaria gimletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,gimletti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905",Treated as a subspecies of C. lovii by the Reptile Database. We follow Das (2010) and consider this species as a separate species. 192151,Pareas nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,nigriceps,,,,,"Guo & Deng, 2009", 192152,Opisthotropis lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,lateralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 192153,Hebius optatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,optatus,,,,,"(Hu & Zhao, 1966)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192155,Anomochilus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMOCHILIDAE,Anomochilus,weberi,,,,,"(Lidthe de Jeude, 1890)","The species boundaries within the genus are currently poorly understood and larger samples from Sumatra, Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia are required." 192158,Trimerodytes percarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trimerodytes,percarinatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","Two subspecies are recognized: S. p. percarinata and S. p. suriki. " 192159,Pseudorabdion longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,longiceps,,,,,"(Cantor, 1847)","Although this species is considered to be the most common member of the genus, reexamination of historical records is needed as a number of species of Pseudorabdion have been described since these were taken." 192160,Lycodon fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,fasciatus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)", 192162,Hebius vibakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,vibakari,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)","A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Amphiesma has found it to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species have consequently been assigned to Herpetoreas or Hebius (Guo et al. 2014). The Russian subspecies H. vibakari ruthveni may be elevated to specific status in future." 192163,Gloydius brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,brevicauda,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1907)","Based on mtDNA research, Wang and Zhao (2008) considered that Gloydius blomhoffi dubitatus is a subpopulation of G. brevicauda. Gloydius brevicauda siniticus has variously been treated as a distinct subspecies or a junior synonym of G. brevicauda; Orlov et al. (2014) elect to regard it as a subspecies due to the geographic separation between the two forms." 192165,Elaphe schrenckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,schrenckii,,,,,"Strauch, 1873","Utiger et al. (2002) found little genetic differentiation between this species and Elaphe schrencki, of which it had previously been considered a subspecies (Zhao and Adler 1993), despite clear morphological differences. Utiger et al. (2002) suggested that the specific status of E. anomala requires verification. An et al. (2010) corroborated these results for Korea, finding that Korean populations - presently assigned to E. schrenckii - did not warrant recognition as separate species." 192166,Calamaria buchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,buchi,,,,,"Marx & Inger, 1965", 192167,Oligodon saintgironsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,saintgironsi,,,,,"David, Vogel & Pauwels, 2008","Specimens reported by Campden-Main (1970) as Oligodon cyclurus with ""rarely 17 rows"" may refer to this species (David et al. 2008)." 192169,Python brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,brongersmai,,,,,"Stull, 1938","This species was long recognized as a subspecies of P. curtus (as P. c. brongersmai), but was elevated to a full species by Keogh et al. (2001) on the basis of its morphological and genetic distinctiveness. Most reports of this species from Viet Nam are unverified, and it is unclear both whether these represent native occurrences, human introductions or erroneous records, and whether these records are conspecific with Malay Peninsula P. brongersmai (Zug et al. 2011). A record from Cambodia (Barker and Barker 1994) is ""most likely incorrect"" due to the doubtful authenticity of these authors' source, who falsely reported the origin of animals in the pet trade (D. Barker in litt. June 2010, reported by Zug et al. 2011). A recent confirmed record from Viet Nam (T.M. Phung unpubl. data) does, however, come from a site adjacent to the Cambodian border." 192171,Herpetoreas platyceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Herpetoreas,platyceps,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)", 192172,Hebius johannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,johannis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192173,Sinomicrurus sauteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Sinomicrurus,sauteri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1913)","Smart et al. (2021) discussed the taxonomy of Sinomicrurus hatori and S. sauteri based on new material, and concluded that morphological characters used to distinguish the two were unreliable and that levels of nuclear divergence was typical of intraspecific variation within Sinomicrurus. They therefore synonymized S. hatori within S. sauteri, while recognizing that the former is sufficiently genetically distinct to warrant recognition as an Evolutionarily Significant Unit." 192175,Opisthotropis rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,rugosa,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1890)", 192177,Lycodon meridionale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,meridionale,,,,,"(Bourret, 1935)","This snake was originally described as a subspecies of Dinodon rufozonatum, and later transferred to D. flavozonatum by Smith (1943). This assignment has subsequently been shown to be incorrect, and Orlov and Ryabov (2004) elevated this taxon, then treated as a subspecies of D. rufozonatum, to full species level." 192178,Opisthotropis tamdaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,tamdaoensis,,,,,"Ziegler, David & Vu, 2008", 192180,Liopeltis frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Liopeltis,frenatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",Poyarkov et al. (2019) described Liopeltis pallidonuchalis from a combination of new material and Vietnamese specimens previously assigned to L. frenatus. 192182,Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Pseudoxenodon,stejnegeri,,,,,"Barbour, 1908", 192183,Ramphotyphlops lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,lineatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)", 192184,Rhabdophis chrysargoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,chrysargoides,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 192187,Oligodon purpurascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,purpurascens,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","A subspecies of this snake has been recognized from Kangean Island, but its validity has never been evaluated. This snake exhibits striking dimorphism in colouration and pattern, with both morphs occurring in sympatry (van Rooijen et al. 2011). A recent analysis found that these forms were otherwise indistinguishable morphologically as well as genetically, and concluded that the two morphs do not represent different species (van Rooijen et al. 2011).

A female specimen with the type locality ""Chine"" was described in 1854 under the name Simotes trinotatus; this taxon has long been considered a junior synonym of O. purpurascens although this latter species is not otherwise known from China (David and Vogel 2012). Examining the holotype, David and Vogel (2012) concluded, based on differences in patterning, that it is ""clearly distinct"" from O. purpurascens, but that its taxonomic status cannot be determined without the discovery of further material." 192189,Pareas hamptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,hamptoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 192190,Pareas stanleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,stanleyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 192191,Cylindrophis engkariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,engkariensis,,,,,"Steubing, 1994", 192192,Achalinus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,niger,,,,,"Maki, 1931", 192193,Pseudoxenodon baramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Pseudoxenodon,baramensis,,,,,"Smith, 1921",No taxonomic issues. 192195,Coelognathus enganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coelognathus,enganensis,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1892)",Treated as a subspecies of C. subradiatus in the Reptile Database. 192196,Ahaetulla fasciolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,fasciolata,,,,,"(Fischer, 1885)", 192197,Naja sputatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,sputatrix,,,,,"Boie, 1827",No taxonomic issues. 192198,Calamaria prakkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,prakkei,,,,,"Lidthe de Jeude, 1893",The species is known from the type series of six specimens and one doubtful record from Singapore (Grandison 1978). This uncertain record has not been included in the current assessment. 192199,Coelognathus flavolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coelognathus,flavolineatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","This species was long recognized in the genus Elaphe." 192201,Boiga guangxiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,guangxiensis,,,,,"Wen, 1998", 192202,Calamaria lovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,lovii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","The species name is often spelled Calamaria lowi. According to Uetz and Hallerman (2010), this combination was first used by Mocquard only three years after the original description. Four subspecies are recognized: C. l. lovii in Borneo, C. l. wermuthi in Java, C. l. gimletti in Peninsular (West) Malaysia and nearby Riouw Archipelago and Aor Island, and C. l. ingermarxorum in Viet Nam. C. gimletti is here treated as a full species, following Das (2010), and so is not considered in this account. Calamaria l. ingermarxorum is known only from the holotype specimen." 192203,Lycodon laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,laoensis,,,,,"Günther, 1864","This species was placed in the genus Ophites by Zhao and Adler (1993), but Lycodon is the name in most frequent use for this species and the change has not been widely accepted." 192204,Elaphe taeniura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,taeniura,,,,,"Cope, 1861","This species has long been placed in the genus Elaphe. It was transferred to Orthriophis by Utiger et al. (2002) and then back again to Elaphe by Chen et al. (2017). 

Subspecific divisions have been subject to debate and have been considered to fall within two subspecies complexes - a northern (Indochinese) and a southern (Indomalayan) clade - within the broader concept of E. taeniura (Schulz 1996). Messenger (2021) provides a summary of 9 recognized subspecies, while cautioning that distribution limits between these must be considered provisional pending more comprehensive taxonomic research." 192205,Opisthotropis latouchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,latouchii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 192206,Ptyas multicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,multicinctus,,,,,"(Roux, 1907)", 192207,Calamaria albiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,albiventer,,,,,"(Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1835 )", 192208,Oligodon jintakunei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,jintakunei,,,,,"Pauwels, van Wallach, David & Chanholm, 2002", 192209,Boiga walli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,walli,,,,,"Smith, 1943","Treated as a subspecies of Boiga ochracea in the Reptile Database. However, compared with the typical form B. walli exhibits different scale counts and a non-overlapping distribution, justifying its treatment as a distinct species (I. Das pers. comm. Aug 2011, Das in litt.). Phylogenetic research is needed to confirm the distinctiveness of this taxon and its relationships to other species of Boiga, but it may not be closely-related to B. ochracea (I. Das pers. comm. Aug 2011)." 192210,Rhabdophis angeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,angeli,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)",The taxonomic status of this species should be verified with reference the original description. 192211,Calamaria pavimentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,pavimentata,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 192212,Xenelaphis hexagonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Xenelaphis,hexagonotus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1847)", 192213,Ptyas doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,doriae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888","Figueroa et al. (2016) proposed synonymizing Cyclophiops within Ptyas. While provisionally adopting this scheme, Meetei et al. (2018) caution that as this analysis did not examine C. doriae, the type species of Cyclophiops, further research is needed to confirm this assignment.

Ablabes hamptoni was described by Boulenger at a time when morphological variation in C. doriae was poorly-understood, and was characterized as differing from the latter species in the shape of the rostral shield and, by Smith (1943), in the number of ventral scale rows. In a recent analysis of morphological variation within C. doriae, Meetei et al. (2018) found that the holotype - and still only known specimen - of C. hamptoni falls within the range of variation now known for C. doriae. These authors consequently synonymized A. hamptoni within C. doriae." 192214,Ptyas nigromarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,nigromarginata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)","This species was referred from Zaocys to Ptyas by David and Das (2004) (as P. nigromarginata). Although Zaocys is now considered a junior synonym of Ptyas (Utiger et al. 2005), the older name is still followed by some authors (e.g. Wang and Xie 2009)." 192216,Oligodon catenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,catenatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)","The correct form of this species' name is Oligodon catenatus (P. David pers. comm. September 2011), and this combination was used by Smith (1940) who first transferred the species to Oligodon (although Smith (1943) later used the form O. catenata). However, the species is widely written as O. catenata in the literature.

A record of this species from Thailand was formerly confused with Oligodon dorsalis (T. Chan-ard pers. comm. August 2011), and confusion also exists between historical records of this species and O. eberhardti (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. September 2011).

Oligodon eberhardti has been renamed from the synonymy of O. catenatus. Oligodon herberti is supposed to have solid vertebral stripe. Oligodon eberhardti is supposed to have broken vertebral stripes. Holotype lost, according to Smith (1943), from 'Asam' (then comprising the modern day Assam State, in addition to much of the rest of northeastern India) (Das et al. 1998)." 192217,Hydrablabes periops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hydrablabes,periops,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","The taxonomic status of the second species of the genus (Hydrablabes prefrontalis) is uncertain and probably it is only an individual variant of H. periops (Stuebing & Inger 1999)." 192219,Collorhabdium williamsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Collorhabdium,williamsoni,,,,,"Smedley, 1931", 192220,Oligodon octolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,octolineatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 192221,Bungarus slowinskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,slowinskii,,,,,"Kuch, Kizirian, Truong, Lawson, Donnelly & Mebs, 2005", 192222,Tetralepis fruhstorferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tetralepis,fruhstorferi,,,,,"Boettger, 1892",This small reddish brown snake is the sole member of its genus. 192224,Macrocalamus vogeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Macrocalamus,vogeli,,,,,"David & Pauwels, 2005","This species may be closely related to  Macrocalamus chanardi." 192225,Lycodon butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,butleri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 192226,Calliophis maculiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,maculiceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 192227,Naja mandalayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,mandalayensis,,,,,"Slowinski & Wüster, 2000",The species was recently described to science (Slowinski and Wüster 2000). 192228,Boiga gokool,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,gokool,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)","This species was described as Dipsus gocool, but most subsequent references to this species have used the spelling gokool for the species name following Günther (1864). This appears to have been a typographic error rather than an intentional emendment, and therefore the correct spelling is Boiga gocool, the form used by Wallach et al. (2014)." 192229,Calamaria thanhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,thanhi,,,,,"Ziegler & Quyet, 2005", 192230,Pseudoxenodon bambusicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Pseudoxenodon,bambusicola,,,,,"Vogt, 1922", 192231,Gerrhopilus floweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,floweri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 192232,Bungarus magnimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,magnimaculatus,,,,,"Wall & Evans, 1900","As part of an investigation into the systematics of the Bungarus candidus/multicinctus/wanghaotingi complex, Chen et al. (2021) found evidence of strong genetic divergence within the related B. magnimaculatus. They took no taxonomic action, but suggested that it was likely species diversity within the B. magnimaculatus complex may be greater than their results indicate." 192234,Trachischium monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trachischium,monticola,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)", 192235,Pareas carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,carinatus,,,,,"(Boie, 1828)","This species was historically placed in the genus Amblycephalus. Recent molecular work supports morphological evidence indicating that this species and Pareas nuchalis form a clade distinct from other Pareas (Guo et al. 2011), and its generic status may therefore warrant revision. Two subspecies are recognized: P. c. carinatus and P. c. unicolor." 192236,Calamaria borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,borneensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860",No taxonomic issues. 192237,Boiga nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,nigriceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 192238,Bungarus candidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,candidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Bungarus javanicus is considered to be a melanistic form of B. candidus (see Kuch and Mebs 2007).

Chen et al. (2021) redescribed this species during an investigation of the systematics of the Bungarus candidus/multicinctus/wanghaotingi complex. This suggests that the currently understood range limits are correct, however they confirmed the identity of specimens only from Java, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Cambodia and central and southern Vietnam. A proposal that the species may range into south and southwestern China (Xie et al. 2018) was based on genetic evidence without a morphological comparison with typical B. candidus, and Chen et al. (2021) reassigned these records to B. wanghaotingi." 192240,Calamaria lumholtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,lumholtzi,,,,,"Andersson, 1923","The species was described based on a single specimen. Inger and Marx (1965) placed Calamaria raveni as a synonym of this species." 192244,Python curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,curtus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1872","Other members of the ""Python curtus group"" formerly included within this species are now considered to be distinct species (Keogh et al. 2001, Rawlings et al. 2008, Zug et al. 2011); P. brongersmai in the remainder of Sumatra and in mainland Southeast Asia, P. breitensteini from Borneo, and P. kyaiktiyo from Myanmar. The occurrence, origin and taxonomic status of members of the P. curtus group in Indochina, currently assigned to P. brongersmai, is uncertain (Zug et al. 2011)." 192245,Indotyphlops jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,jerdoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 192246,Amphiesmoides ornaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Amphiesmoides,ornaticeps,,,,,"(Werner, 1924)", 192247,Coelognathus subradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coelognathus,subradiatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 192248,Oligodon ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,ornatus,,,,,"van Denburgh, 1909", 192253,Conus bondarevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bondarevi,,,,,"Röckel & G. Raybaudi, 1992", 192254,Conus californicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,californicus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192255,Conus sahlbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sahlbergi,,,,,"da Motta & Hsrland, 1986", 192256,Conus explorator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,explorator,,,,,"Vink, 1990", 192257,Conus biancae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,biancae,,,,,"Bozzetti, 2010","This species is believed by some to be an albinistic specimen of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758 (www.schnr-specimen-shells.com). However, the species is known from a single beached specimen and is therefore likely not to be a valid species (G. Raybaudi and S. Veldsman pers. comm. October 2011)." 192258,Conus suturatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,suturatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844","There are three known subspecies for this species, C. suturatus suturatus, C. suturatus kashiwajimensis and C. suturatus sandwichensis (Röckel et al 1995).

C. suturatus kashiwajimensis has been accepted as a synonym of Conus magus but may still be found in the literature under C. kashiwajimensis (marinespecies.org).

C. suturatus sandwichensis is endemic to the Sandwich Islands in Hawaii. It has a less solid shell with a narrower final whorl, and the dorsum of its foot is white with brown specks (Röckel et al 1995).

" 192259,Conus brianhayesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,brianhayesi,,,,,"Korn, 2002","First described as C. hayesi, but this name was preoccupied by a fossil cone, so the species was named C. brianhayesi." 192260,Conus anabelae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,anabelae,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2001", 192261,Conus smirna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,smirna,,,,,"Bartsch & Rehder, 1943", 192262,Conus glenni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,glenni,,,,,"Petuch, 1993", 192263,Conus thomae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,thomae,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192264,Conus capreolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,capreolus,,,,,"Röckel, 1985", 192265,Conus blanfordianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,blanfordianus,,,,,"Crosse, 1867",The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. 192266,Conus flavus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,flavus,,,,,"Röckel, 1985", 192267,Conus pagodus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pagodus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","Previously considered as a form of C. cancellatus (Kaicher, no date)." 192268,Conus klemae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,klemae,,,,,"Cotton, 1953", 192269,Conus lischkeanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lischkeanus,,,,,"Weinkauff, 1875","Subspecies: C. l. tropicensis. There is also a geographic subspecies in Gulf of Aden: C. subroseus." 192270,Conus fumigatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fumigatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","C. blainvillei can be considered a more northern population of this species (Eritrea), and can be consistently differentiated (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192271,Conus pusio,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pusio,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192272,Conus gauguini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gauguini,,,,,"Richard & Salvat, 1973", 192273,Conus scalaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,scalaris,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1832", 192275,Conus arcuatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,arcuatus,,,,,"Broderip & Sowerby I, 1829", 192276,Conus praecellens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,praecellens,,,,,"A. Adams in H & A Adams, 1854","Forms: C. p. sowerbii and C. p. bicolor.

Recently recognised as a distinct species from C. andremenezi (Biggs et al 2010)." 192277,Conus rachelae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rachelae,,,,,"Petuch, 1988", 192278,Conus lani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lani,,,,,"Crandall, 1979", 192279,Conus recluzianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,recluzianus,,,,,"Bernardi, 1853","Subspecies: C. r. simanoki" 192280,Conus zebra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,zebra,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810","Forms: C. nahoniaraensis (da Motta 1986)." 192281,Conus philippii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,philippii,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","
" 192282,Conus pepeiu,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pepeiu,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008", 192283,Conus bulbus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bulbus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","All Angolan endemics are placed under subgenus Varioconus." 192284,Conus luquei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,luquei,,,,,"Rolán & Trovão in Rolán, 1990", 192285,Conus longurionis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,longurionis,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 192286,Conus lugubris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lugubris,,,,,"Reeve, 1849","Some populations along the eastern shores of S Vicente and along the south-western coast of the nearby island of Santa Luzia that were originally considered as C. murichae Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980, may need to be re-classified as C. lugubris (Monteiro et al 2004). However, this has not been confirmed and is not reflected in this assessment." 192287,Conus melissae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,melissae,,,,,"Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008", 192288,Conus isabelarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,isabelarum,,,,,"Tenorio & Afonso, 2004", 192289,Conus caillaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,caillaudi,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","Two populations are known, one from Mauritius, the other from Réunion. The form from Réunion may be a separate species (E. Monnier pers. comm. October 2011), but has not yet been described formally. For the purpose of this assessment, both populations have been considered." 192290,Conus boui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,boui,,,,,"da Motta, 1986","" 192291,Conus australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,australis,,,,,"(Holten, 1802)","There are two subspecies: C. a. australis and C. a. gabryae Massilia, 1989. (Röckel et al. 1995)" 192292,Conus frausseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,frausseni,,,,,"Tenorio & Poppe, 2004", 192293,Conus naranjus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,naranjus,,,,,"Trovão, 1975", 192294,Conus eduardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,eduardi,,,,,"Delsaerdt, 1997","Filmer classifies this species as valid, although makes a note that it may be a synonym of Conus milneedwardsi Jousseaume, 1894 (Filmer 2001).  This is confirmed by the World Register of Marine Species where it is accepted as such a synonym (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS database. Further information about the protoconch is needed to establish its taxonomic status." 192295,Conus poulosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,poulosi,,,,,"Petuch, 1993", 192296,Conus sanguinolentus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sanguinolentus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1834","" 192297,Conus bullatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bullatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","There are two subspecies of this species; C. bullatus bullatus, and C. bullatus pongo (in Western Indian Ocean). " 192298,Conus betulinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,betulinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",There is a possibility of hybridization between C. betulinus and C. figulinus (Röckel et al. 1995). 192299,Conus memiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,memiae,,,,,"Habe & Kosuge, 1970","C. adonis has been suggested as a synonym of this species but it is also considered to represent a valid species (Higo et al. 2001)." 192300,Conus maldivus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,maldivus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","Conus krabiensis is usually considered a synonym or form of Conus generalis, but may be a valid distinct species or a local race/form of C. maldivus." 192301,Conus papuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,papuensis,,,,,"Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1982", 192302,Conus kuroharai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kuroharai,,,,,"Habe, 1965", 192303,Conus zylmanae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,zylmanae,,,,,"Petuch, 1998","
" 192304,Conus capitanellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,capitanellus,,,,,"Fulton, 1938", 192305,Conus distans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,distans,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192306,Conus boavistensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,boavistensis,,,,,"Rolán & Fernandes in Rolán, 1990", 192307,Conus gradatulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gradatulus,,,,,"Weinkauff, 1875","There are two subspecies of this species based on differences in geographical location and shell morphology. Conus gradatulus gradatulus occurs from Cape Agulhas to Cape Recife in South Africa. Conus gradatulus patens occurs in deep water from Cape Agulhas west towards Namibia (Tenorio and Monteiro 2008). There is potentially a third subspecies, C. g. altispiratus (S. Veldsman pers. comm. October 2011).

There is still some debate over the validity of the Conus gradatulus subspecies as some taxonomists believe that the subspecies cannot be reliably separated based on its geographical and morphological characteristics (Tucker 2009).

For the purpose of this assessment, we adhere to Tenorio and Monteiro 2008. Any taxonomic changes, based on the ongoing taxonomic debate, are not going to affect the conservation status of this species or to the outcomes of any species divisions." 192308,Conus anemone,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,anemone,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810","This species has two subspecies:
C. anemone anemone Lamarck, 1810
C. anemone novaehollandiae A. Adams, 1855  (Appeltans et al. 2011)

C. anenome probably represents a species complex which is reflected in the large number of synonyms which have been applied to this taxon.  Certainly further taxonomic resolution and research required on this complex and variable species.

C. novaehollandiae has been considered a synonym or subspecies of this species, however, its morphological distinct geographical range may mean a species differentiation, and for conservation purposes should be considered separate species.
" 192309,Conus scopulicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,scopulicola,,,,,"Okutani, 1972","It may represent a sub-adult stage of the species group represented by Conus smirna." 192310,Conus nodiferus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nodiferus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","
" 192311,Conus natalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,natalis,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1858", 192312,Conus visagenus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,visagenus,,,,,"Kilburn, 1974", 192313,Conus miniexcelsus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,miniexcelsus,,,,,"Oliviera & Biggs, 2010",This is a recently described species but previously placed under C. praecellens (Adams 1854). 192314,Conus jeanmartini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,jeanmartini,,,,,"G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1992","" 192315,Conus bessei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bessei,,,,,"Petuch, 1992", 192316,Conus textile,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,textile,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

There are eight described subspecies of Conus textile: C. t. concatenatus Kiener, 1845; C. t.  dilectus Gould, 1850; C. t.  gloriamaris Perry, 1810; C. t.  panniculus Lamarck, 1810; C. t.  reteaureum Perry, 1811; C. t.  scriptus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858; C. t. tigrinus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858 and C. t. verriculum Reeve, 1843 (Appeltans et al 2011) from the WoRMS database.

" 192317,Conus gilvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gilvus,,,,,"Reeve, 1849","Determined by Filmer to be a valid species (Filmer 2001), but disputed by Tucker who considers this species to be a synonym of Conus hyaena Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Appeltans et al. 2011)." 192318,Conus nussatella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nussatella,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192319,Conus ichinoseana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ichinoseana,,,,,"(Kuroda, 1956)", 192320,Conus comatosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,comatosa,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1904", 192321,Conus striatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,striatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

There are three described subspecies of Conus striatus: C. s. chusaki da Motta, 1978, C. s. floridus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858, and C. s. subfloridus da Motta, 1985 as described in the WoRMS database (Appeltans et al. 2011).

Recently described subspecies: C. s. oahuensis (Tucker et al. 2011).

" 192322,Conus fischoederi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fischoederi,,,,,"Röckel & da Motta, 1983", 192323,Conus milneedwardsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,milneedwardsi,,,,,"Jousseaume, 1894","There are four known subspecies of this species; C. m. milneedwardsi , C. m. clytospira, C. m. lemuriensis, and  C. m. kawamurai (Rockel et al. 1995). However, C. m. kawamurai is now considered a valid species, C. kawamurai, and has not been considered as part of this assessment (G. Raybaudi and S. Veldsman pers. comm. October 2011)." 192324,Conus saecularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,saecularis,,,,,"Melvill, 1898", 192325,Conus pseudocardinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pseudocardinalis,,,,,"Coltro, 2004","Suggested synonym of Conus richardbinghami Petuch, 1993" 192326,Conus lizardensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lizardensis,,,,,"Crosse, 1865","This species is part of the C. colmani species complex and is in need of more taxonomic distinction.

" 192327,Conus muriculatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,muriculatus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833","The described subspecies are Conus muriculatus muriculatus, Conus muriculatus laevigata, Sowerby ii 1833 (Röckel et al. 1995)." 192328,Conus coelinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,coelinae,,,,,"Crosse, 1858","There is one described subspecies of Conus coelinae (Crosse, 1858): Conus coelinae spiceri (Bartsch and Rehder, 1943) (Appeltans et al 2011) from the WoRMS database. " 192329,Conus fantasmalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fantasmalis,,,,,"Rolán, 1990", 192330,Conus hypochlorus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hypochlorus,,,,,"Tomlin, 1937","Determined by Filmer to be a valid species (Filmer 2001), but disputed by Tucker who considers this species to be a synonym of Conus insculptus, Kiener 1845 (Appeltans et al. 2011). Filmer also reports that Conus hypochlorus is a replacement name for Conus croceus Smith, A. E., 1861 (Filmer 2001)." 192331,Conus ambiguus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ambiguus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192332,Conus solomonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,solomonensis,,,,,"Delsaerdt, 1992","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain and it may be a form of Conus sertacinctus Röckel 1986, but is recognized by Filmer as a valid species (Filmer 2007)." 192333,Conus minnamurra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,minnamurra,,,,,"Garrard, 1961", 192334,Conus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sulcatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792",C. brettinghami and C.philippinensis are considered as subspecies or possibly synonyms. 192335,Conus lenavati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lenavati,,,,,"da Motta & Röckel in da Motta, 1982", 192336,Conus serranegrae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,serranegrae,,,,,"Rolán, 1990", 192337,Conus medoci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,medoci,,,,,"Lorenz, 2004", 192338,Conus algoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,algoensis,,,,,"Sowerby I & II, 1834","There are two subspecies, C.a. simplex and C.a. algoensis. There are two clinal variations of subspecies C. a. algoensis: C. a. form scitulus, C. a. form agulhasi." 192339,Conus mcgintyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mcgintyi,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1955","




" 192340,Conus amphiurgus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,amphiurgus,,,,,"Dall, 1899","Conus flamingo is listed as a synonym of this species, however current research shows that it is a separate species restriced to Florida (Petuch and Sargent 2011).
" 192341,Conus aplustre,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aplustre,,,,,"Reeve, 1843", 192342,Conus emaciatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,emaciatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1849", 192343,Conus trencarti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,trencarti,,,,,"Nolf & Vanstraeten, 2008", 192344,Conus sartii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sartii,,,,,"Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2002","This species is considered a synonym of Conus inscriptus Reeve, 1845 (Appeltans 2011) from the WoRMS database. Here we consider it tentatively as a valid species, because it is known only from five specimens and is almost certainly a fully mature specimen and not a juvenile of Conus inscriptus (as in WoRMS).

The larva shell information is compatible with Conus janus from Madagascar (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192345,Conus gladiator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gladiator,,,,,"Broderip, 1833", 192346,Conus kalafuti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kalafuti,,,,,"da Motta, 1987", 192347,Conus havanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,havanensis,,,,,"Aguayo & Farfante, 1947", 192348,Conus curralensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,curralensis,,,,,"Rolán, 1986", 192349,Conus terryni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,terryni,,,,,"Tenorio & Poppe, 2004", 192350,Conus decoratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,decoratus,,,,,"Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980", 192351,Conus zonatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,zonatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","Synonyms: C. edwardi, C. lapideus, and C. turritus." 192352,Conus paschalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,paschalli,,,,,"Petuch, 1998",


192353,Conus arangoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,arangoi,,,,,"Sarasua, 1977","Conus alainallaryi, listed as a synonym, is now considered to be a valid species restricted to the northern coast of Colombia (Coltro and Petuch pers. comm. 2011).
" 192354,Conus kersteni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kersteni,,,,,"Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008", 192355,Conus orion,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,orion,,,,,"Broderip, 1833", 192356,Conus mustelinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mustelinus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192357,Conus nocturnus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nocturnus,,,,,""S" Lightfoot, 1786", 192358,Conus dorotheae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dorotheae,,,,,"Monnier & Limpalaër, 2010", 192359,Conus abbas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,abbas,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192360,Conus andamanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,andamanensis,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1878", 192361,Conus diadema,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,diadema,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1834", 192362,Conus moluccensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,moluccensis,,,,,"Küster, 1838","Conus moluccensis Kuster, 1838 has been divided into the subspecies C. m. moluccensis, C. m. marielae Rehder and Wilson, 1975 and C. m. vappereaui Monteiro, 2009 (Monteiro 2009, 2010; Rockel et al. 1995).

C. m. marielae Wilson, 1975 is a rare subspecies which has been collected in Polynesia and the Marquesas Islands (Monteiro 2010). C. m. vappereaui Monteiro, 2009 is known from Polynesia (Monteiro 2009).
" 192363,Conus caysalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,caysalensis,,,,,"L. Raybaudi & Prati, 1994", 192364,Conus dorreensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dorreensis,,,,,"Péron, 1807", 192365,Conus salzmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,salzmanni,,,,,"G. Raybaudi (Massilia) & Rolán, 1997", 192366,Conus lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lentiginosus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192367,Conus catus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,catus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","As well as a typical form there are two other forms of this species: Form C. c. nigropunctatus and form C. c. morrisoni (Röckel et al. 1995) .

 
" 192368,Conus evorai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,evorai,,,,,"Monteiro, Fernandes & Rolán, 1995", 192369,Conus stocki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,stocki,,,,,"Coomans & Moolenbeek, 1990","This species is related to the group Fumiconus, together with closest relative species C. lizarum, C. traversianus, and C. guidopoppei (Röckel et al. 1995)." 192370,Conus daucus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,daucus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","C. daucus is included in a complex of species along with C. goajra, C. norai and C. vikingorum.

" 192371,Conus gigasulcatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gigasulcatus,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008", 192372,Conus damasoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,damasoi,,,,,"Cossignani, 2007", 192373,Conus barbieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,barbieri,,,,,"G. Raybaudi, 1995", 192374,Conus boeticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,boeticus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192375,Conus alabaster,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,alabaster,,,,,"Reeve, 1849","The holotype of this species is a juvenile.  It has been suggested that this species is a synonym of Conus sulcatus." 192376,Conus habui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,habui,,,,,"Lan, 2003","Described by Lan in 2002, but is considered possibly a juvenile of C. samiae." 192377,Conus speciosissimus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,speciosissimus,,,,,"Reeve, 1848","" 192378,Conus litoglyphus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,litoglyphus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792",Synonym Conus seychellensis may be a sub-species or local form (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011). 192379,Conus exquisitus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,exquisitus,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1887", 192380,Conus floridulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,floridulus,,,,,"A. Adams & Reeve, 1848","
" 192381,Conus antoniomonteiroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,antoniomonteiroi,,,,,"Rolán, 1990", 192382,Conus cyanostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cyanostoma,,,,,"A Adams, 1854", 192383,Conus ammiralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ammiralis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","There are two variants of this species: C. a. ammiralis and C. a. pseudocedonulli, Blainville 1818 (Appeltans et al. 2011)." 192384,Conus tinianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tinianus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","There are two recognised forms, aurora and caffra." 192385,Conus alisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,alisi,,,,,"Röckel, Richard & Moolenbeek, 1995", 192386,Conus leopardus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,leopardus,,,,,"Röding, 1798","C. millepunctatus is considered to be a form by some experts." 192387,Conus gratacapii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gratacapii,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1904", 192388,Conus duffyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,duffyi,,,,,"Petuch, 1992", 192389,Conus traversianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,traversianus,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1875","This species is related to the group Fumiconus, together with closest relative species C. lizarum, C. stocki, and C. guidopoppei. See RKK 95" 192390,Conus ventricosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ventricosus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791","Tucker considers this species a synonym of Conus mediterraneus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, (Appeltans et al 2011) from the WoRMS database.  Filmer considers it a valid species (Filmer 2001).  This species has an exceptional number of synonyms and there may be more than one species within the complex." 192391,Conus sieboldii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sieboldii,,,,,"Reeve, 1848","Conus petricosus may be considered a synonym." 192392,Conus mucronatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mucronatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","There are subspecies described: Conus mucronatus mucronatus and Conus mucronatus sibogae, Schepman, 1913 (Röckel et al. 1995)." 192393,Conus coccineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,coccineus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192394,Conus erythraeensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,erythraeensis,,,,,"Reeve, 1843",Taxonomic issues may arise from the distinct supopulations of this species. 192395,Conus bairstowi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bairstowi,,,,,"Sowerby III, 1889",This species is closely related to C. brianhayesi (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. 2011). 192396,Conus zandbergeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,zandbergeni,,,,,"Filmer & Moolenbeek, 2010",Sometimes confused with C. broderipii. 192397,Conus pealii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pealii,,,,,"Green, 1830","


" 192398,Conus ikedai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ikedai,,,,,"Ninomiya, 1987", 192399,Conus monachus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,monachus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Determined by Filmer to be a valid species (Filmer 2001), but disputed by Tucker who considers this species to be a synonym of Conus achatinus (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS database.

This species is sometimes confused with C. decurtatus and C. striolatus." 192400,Conus baileyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,baileyi,,,,,"Röckel & da Motta, 1979", 192401,Conus pacei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pacei,,,,,"Petuch, 1987","" 192402,Conus patricius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,patricius,,,,,"Hinds, 1843", 192403,Conus cuneolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cuneolus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843", 192404,Conus lightbourni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lightbourni,,,,,"Petuch, 1986", 192405,Conus mcbridei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mcbridei,,,,,"Lorenz, 2006", 192406,Conus julii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,julii,,,,,"Liénard, 1870", 192407,Conus eximius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,eximius,,,,,"Reeve, 1849", 192408,Conus monile,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,monile,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192409,Conus regularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,regularis,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833", 192410,Conus limpusi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,limpusi,,,,,"Röckel & Korn, 1990","This species is part of the C. colmani species complex and is in need of more taxonomic distinction." 192411,Conus glaucus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,glaucus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192412,Conus henckesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,henckesi,,,,,"Coltro, 2004", 192413,Conus aureus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aureus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","There are two known subspecies for this species; C. aureus aureus and C. aureus paulucciae ( Röckel et al. 1995). For other authors C. paulucciae is considered a distinct species.


" 192414,Conus estivali,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,estivali,,,,,"Moolenbeek & Richard, 1995", 192415,Conus marchionatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,marchionatus,,,,,"Hinds, 1843","
" 192416,Conus corallinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,corallinus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 192417,Conus artoptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,artoptus,,,,,"Sowerby I & II, 1833", 192418,Conus chytreus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,chytreus,,,,,"Melvill, 1898", 192419,Conus frigidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,frigidus,,,,,"Reeve, 1848",This species can be confused with C. flavidus due to its similar colouration and morphology. 192420,Conus biliosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,biliosus,,,,,"(Röding, 1798)","This species has three subspecies: Conus biliosus biliosus Röding, 1798; Conus biliosus meyeri Walls, 1979 and Conus biliosus parvulus Link, 1807 (Appeltans et al. 2011)" 192421,Conus biraghii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,biraghii,,,,,"(G. Raybaudi, 1992)","

There are three described subspecies:

Conus biraghii biraghii G Raybaudi, 1992.
Conus biraghii congruens Korn & Raybaudi Massilia, 1993
Conus biraghii omanensis Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993.

This is the type species for genus Lilliconus." 192422,Conus oishii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,oishii,,,,,"(Shikama, 1977)", 192423,Conus empressae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,empressae,,,,,"Lorenz, 2002", 192424,Conus obscurus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,obscurus,,,,,"Sowerby I & II, 1833", 192425,Conus flammeacolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,flammeacolor,,,,,"Petuch, 1992", 192426,Conus kimioi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kimioi,,,,,"Habe, 1965", 192427,Conus mahogani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mahogani,,,,,"Reeve, 1843", 192428,Conus rattus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rattus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","Subspecies: C. r. tahitiensis" 192429,Conus nielsenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nielsenae,,,,,"Marsh, 1962","Conus nielsenae typhon Kilburn, 1965,  is considered to be a subspecies by Röckel et al. (1995). However, Filmer and Tücker consider it as a valid species (Filmer 2001; Appeltans et al. 2011). It may have another subspecies as determined by Tucker, Conus nielsenae reductaspiralis Walls, 1979, (Appeltans et al. 2011). However, Filmer and Singleton consider C. n. reductaspiralis as a valid species: Conus reductaspiralis (Filmer 2001, Singleton, 2009).

This species is part of a species complex including Conus reductaspiralis and C. thevenardensis.  It appears that this species is the eastern Australian member of the complex while the other two species are western Australian species." 192430,Conus violaceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,violaceus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192431,Conus striolatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,striolatus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","This species is often been assigned to a variety of names under Conus nigropunctatus, C. achatinus, C. ranunculus, C. vinctus, and C. decurtatus." 192432,Conus auratinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,auratinus,,,,,"da Motta, 1982", 192433,Conus cumingii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cumingii,,,,,"Reeve, 1848","This species should not be confused with Conus virgatus cumingii Reeve 1849, which is a Panamic Pacific species. " 192434,Conus nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nigromaculatus,,,,,"Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1992", 192435,Conus compressus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,compressus,,,,,"Sowerby II, 1866","Determined by Filmer to be a valid species (Filmer 2001), but disputed by Tucker who considers this species to be a synonym of Conus anemone Lamarck, 1810 (Appeltans et al. 2011), also disputed by Morrison and Singleton who consider it as probably the northern form of C. anenome (H. Morrison pers comm 2011)." 192436,Conus magellanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,magellanicus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192437,Conus hennequini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hennequini,,,,,"Petuch, 1993", 192438,Conus felitae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,felitae,,,,,"Rolán, 1990", 192439,Conus schirrmeisteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,schirrmeisteri,,,,,"Coltro, 2004", 192440,Conus circumactus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,circumactus,,,,,"Iredale, 1929","There are two subspecies of this species; C. circumactus circumactus and C. circumactus hammatus (Poppe and Poppe 2011).

" 192441,Conus excelsus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,excelsus,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1908","One subspecies: C. excelsus nakayasui." 192442,Conus emersoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,emersoni,,,,,"Hanna, 1963", 192443,Conus exiguus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,exiguus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810", 192444,Conus villepinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,villepinii,,,,,"P. Fisher & Bernardi, 1857","
" 192445,Conus leekremeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,leekremeri,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192446,Conus cingulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cingulatus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810","
" 192447,Conus armadillo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,armadillo,,,,,"Shikama, 1971", 192448,Conus lynceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lynceus,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1857", 192449,Conus brunneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,brunneus,,,,,"Wood, 1828", 192450,Conus echo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,echo,,,,,"Lauer, 1988", 192451,Conus sugimotonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sugimotonis,,,,,"Kuroda, 1928","Subspecies: C. s. vicdani (Lan 1980)." 192452,Conus princeps,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,princeps,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192453,Conus anaglypticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,anaglypticus,,,,,"Crosse, 1865"," " 192454,Conus hamamotoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hamamotoi,,,,,"Yoshiba & Koyama, 1984", 192455,Conus venulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,venulatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192456,Conus vaubani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,vaubani,,,,,"Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995","The species can be confused with Conus cakobaui due to its similar colouration (Moolenbeek et al. 2008)." 192457,Conus primus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,primus,,,,,"Röckel & Korn, 1990", 192458,Conus rizali,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rizali,,,,,"Oliviera & Biggs, 2010", 192459,Conus splendidulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,splendidulus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833","C. fasciatus for which the new name given by Tomlin was anadema, is considered a valid sub-species from Somalia, Socotra and Horn of Africa (see Raybaudi & Rolan 1994 - check)." 192460,Conus generalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,generalis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1767","This species has five subspecies:
Conus generalis generalis Linnaeus, 1767
Conus generalis monteiroi Linnaeus, 1767
Conus generalis pallida Linnaeus, 1767
Conus generalis regenfussi Linnaeus, 1767
Conus generalis subunicolor Linnaeus, 1767
(Appeltans et al. 2011)" 192461,Conus claudiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,claudiae,,,,,"Tenorio & Afonso, 2004", 192462,Conus giorossii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,giorossii,,,,,"Bozzetti, 2005","Determined by Filmer to be a valid species (Filmer 2001), but disputed by Tucker who considers this species to be a synonym of Conus stramineus stigmaticus A. Adams, 1855 (Appeltans et al. 2011)." 192463,Conus sculpturatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sculpturatus,,,,,"Röckel & da Motta, 1986", 192464,Conus magnottei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,magnottei,,,,,"Petuch, 1987",
192465,Conus tiki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tiki,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008", 192466,Conus angioiorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,angioiorum,,,,,"Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1992",This species resembles C. jickelii from Djibouti (see RKK 95; G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011). 192467,Conus gabrielae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gabrielae,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2000", 192468,Conus solangeae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,solangeae,,,,,"Bozzetti, 2004","The taxonomic status of this species is still uncertain, because of a lack of live-collected specimens (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011). Although a lot of material exists, all of these were dead collected. Some taxonomists believe that this species may be a subspecies of Conus infrenatus, Reeve 1848, or possibly Conus timorensis, Hwass 1792 (www.schnr-specimen-shells.com).
" 192469,Conus derrubado,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,derrubado,,,,,"Rolán & Fernandes in Rolán, 1990", 192470,Conus pica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pica,,,,,"A. Adams & Reeve, 1848","This species may be confused with C. spectrum, C. petergabrieli, and C. dolium." 192471,Conus brunneofilaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,brunneofilaris,,,,,"Petuch, 1990", 192472,Conus miruchae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,miruchae,,,,,"Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980", 192473,Conus sagei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sagei,,,,,"Korn & G. Raybaudi (Massilia), 1993",This species is classified in the genus Lilliconus. 192474,Conus bayeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bayeri,,,,,"Petuch, 1987",
 192475,Conus josephinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,josephinae,,,,,"Rolán (Mosquera), 1980", 192476,Conus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,madagascariensis,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1858", 192477,Conus articulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,articulatus,,,,,"Sowerby III, 1873", 192478,Conus parascalaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,parascalaris,,,,,"Petuch, 1987","" 192479,Conus baeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,baeri,,,,,"Röckel & Korn, 1992", 192480,Conus kevani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kevani,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192481,Conus coromandelicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,coromandelicus,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1894","Unaccepted by the World Register of Marine Species, instead it is proposed the name Pseudoconorbis coromandelicus Smith E. A., 1894 should be adopted (Appeltans et al 2011) from the WoRMS database." 192482,Conus axelrodi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,axelrodi,,,,,"Walls, 1978", 192483,Conus pauperculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pauperculus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1834", 192484,Conus inconstans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,inconstans,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1877","C. mayaguensis and C. ""juliae"" from Puerto Rico are synonyms of C inconstans (Petuch pers. comm 2011). [add to synonym list]" 192485,Conus navarroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,navarroi,,,,,"Rolán, 1986","Originally two subspecies were recognised, C navarroi navarroi and C navarroi calhetae, however these two are separated on different islands and are now known to be distinct taxa (M. J. Tenorio pers. comm. 2011)." 192486,Conus roeckeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,roeckeli,,,,,"Rolán (Mosquera), 1980", 192487,Conus echinophilus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,echinophilus,,,,,"(Petuch, 1975)", 192488,Conus largillierti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,largillierti,,,,,"Kiener, 1845",

192489,Conus bruuni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bruuni,,,,,"Powell, 1958", 192490,Conus wallangra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,wallangra,,,,,"(Garrard, 1961)", 192491,Conus escondidai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,escondidai,,,,,"Poppe & Tagaro, 2005", 192492,Conus xicoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,xicoi,,,,,"Röckel, 1987", 192493,Conus lienardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lienardi,,,,,"Bernardi & Crosse, 1861", 192494,Conus filmeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,filmeri,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2000","This species was originally described from a single locality, but since then multiple locations have been showing this species (M. Tenorio pers. comm. October 2011)." 192495,Conus trovaoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,trovaoi,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2000", 192496,Conus joliveti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,joliveti,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008","This species was confused with Conus orbignyi until 2008 (G. T. Poppe pers. comm. 2011)." 192497,Conus mercator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mercator,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Conus dealbatus was listed as a synonym of this species in error; this has been removed from the synonym on this record (M. J. Tenorio pers. comm. 2011)." 192498,Conus howelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,howelli,,,,,"Iredale, 1929","This species has been associated with C. raoulensis, however, they are considered two separate species with very distinct morphological features." 192499,Conus taslei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,taslei,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 192500,Conus borgesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,borgesi,,,,,"Trovão, 1979", 192501,Conus tenuilineatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tenuilineatus,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2001","The southern population found in the Namib Province may be a different species so it has not been included in this assessment; however, if validated, this would extend the range of this species presented in this assessment (M. J. Tenorio pers. comm. 2011); see original description in Rolán & Röckel 2000." 192502,Conus clerii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,clerii,,,,,"Reeve, 1844",
192503,Conus thevenardensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,thevenardensis,,,,,"da Motta, 1987","This species is part of a species complex including C. reductaspiralis and C. nielsenae.  It appears that this species is the eastern Australian member of the complex while the two species above are western Australian species.

Determined by Filmer and Singleton to be a valid species (Filmer 2001, Singleton 2009), but disputed by Tucker who considers this species to be a synonym of Conus nielsenae reductaspiralis Walls, 1979 (Appeltans et al. 2011).

Despite being in dispute this species is assessed as a valid species in terms of conservation." 192504,Conus collisus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,collisus,,,,,"Reeve, 1849", 192505,Conus granum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,granum,,,,,"Röckel & Fischöder, 1985", 192506,Conus pulicarius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pulicarius,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792",There are two recognized subspecies of this species Conus pulicarius pulicarius and Conus pulicarius vautieri (Röckel et al. 1995). 192507,Conus capitaneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,capitaneus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192508,Conus darkini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,darkini,,,,,"Röckel. Korn & Richard, 1993", 192509,Conus kanakinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kanakinus,,,,,"Richard, 1983", 192510,Conus proximus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,proximus,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1859","Subspecies: C. p. cebuensis (Rockal et al 1995)." 192511,Conus pseudorbignyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pseudorbignyi,,,,,"Röckel & Lan, 1981","This species is often confused with C. insculptus." 192512,Conus encaustus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,encaustus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 192513,Conus reductaspiralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,reductaspiralis,,,,,"Walls, 1979","Röckel et al. (1995) and Tucker consider this species as a subspecies of C. nielsenae Marsh, 1962 (Appeltans et al. 2011) whereas for Filmer (2001) and Singleton (2009) it is a valid species. Tucker also considers that C. thevenardensis da Motta, 1987, is a form of C. nielsenae reductaspiralis (Appeltans et al. 2011) but Filmer (2001) considers it as a different and valid species.

This species is part of a species complex including Conus nielsenae  and C. thevenardensis.  It appears that this species is the eastern Australian member of the complex while the other two species are Western Australian species." 192514,Conus tacomae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tacomae,,,,,"Boyer & Pelorce, 2009", 192515,Conus papilliferus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,papilliferus,,,,,"Sowerby I & ii, 1834", 192516,Conus variegatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,variegatus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 192517,Conus mozambicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mozambicus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","This species has two known subspecies C. m. mozambicus and C. m. lautus (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS Database." 192518,Conus dusaveli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dusaveli,,,,,"(H. Adams, 1872)","There is a form considered from East China Sea - Conus dusaveli benten (Shikama 1977)." 192519,Conus kremerorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kremerorum,,,,,"Petuch, 1988", 192520,Conus richardsae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,richardsae,,,,,"Korn & Röckel, 1992","This species is considered by J.K.Tucker to be a synonym of Conus luteus Sowerby 1833 (Appeltans 2011). However, R. M. Filmer classified it as a valid species in 2009 (Filmer 2001, amended in 2009)." 192521,Conus retifer,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,retifer,,,,,"Menke, 1829","" 192522,Conus bruguieresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bruguieresi,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","There is uncertainty with the taxonomic name of this species.  Tucker considers its true name to be Conus bruguieri Kiener, 1848 (Appeltans et al 2011) from the WoRMS database." 192523,Conus atlanticoselvagem,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,atlanticoselvagem,,,,,"Afonso & Tenorio, 2004", 192524,Conus phuketensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,phuketensis,,,,,"da Motta, 1978","This species is sometimes referred to as Conus pretiosus in the literature (Filmer 2001, Poppe pers. comm. 2011)." 192525,Conus spurius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,spurius,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791"," Sub species - C. spurius atlanticus Clench, 1942. 

" 192527,Conus plinthis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,plinthis,,,,,"Richard & Moolenbeek, 1988", 192528,Conus inscriptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,inscriptus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","There are two subspecies of this species; C. inscriptus inscriptus, and C. inscriptus adenensis. There is some taxonomic uncertainty about whether C. i. adenensis is a valid subspecies and is generally considered to be a valid species (Smith). For the purpose of this assessment, we follow this view and consider C. adenensis to be separate from C. inscriptus. 
" 192529,Conus victoriae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,victoriae,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","Conus nodulosus has been synonymized with C. victoriae or at best considered a subspecies (Wilson 1994).  However, C. nodulosus is a geographically isolated species with very consistent morphological feature and a differing habitat preference.  Furthermore, because of the restricted habitat of C. nodulosus this may present considerable conservation concerns." 192530,Conus teodorae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,teodorae,,,,,"Rolán & Fernandes in Rolán, 1990", 192531,Conus danilai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,danilai,,,,,"Röckel & Korn, 1990","This species may be in the same group as C. hamamotoi from Japan, and appears to be not related to any other species of cone snail in the Indian Ocean. It appears to be an old species with an relictual range (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192532,Conus stearnsii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,stearnsii,,,,,"Conrad, 1869", 192533,Conus gubernator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gubernator,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","This species consists of two subspecies: Conus gubernator gubernator and Conus gubernator leehmani (Rockel et al. 1995). However, C. g. leehmani is considered a valid species (C. leehmani), occurring in the Maldives, Reunion, and Laccadives archipelago (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011). Therefore, for the purpose of this assessment, we have ignored C. g. leehmani and only considered Conus gubernator gubernator.

Conus veillardi - shown as a synonym - may be considered a valid subspecies restricted to Glorioses Archipelago (NW of Madagascar) (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011).





" 192534,Conus pulcher,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pulcher,,,,,"Lightfoot, 1786","This species is comprised of three subspecies:

Conus pulcher pulcher Lightfoot, 1786
Conus pulcher byssinus Röding, 1798
Conus pulcher siamensis Hwass, 1792

The validity of these sub-species is still being researched." 192535,Conus curassaviensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,curassaviensis,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192536,Conus kinoshitai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kinoshitai,,,,,"Kuroda, 1956","This species is often confused with C. tamikoae. Forms: C. kinoshitai calliginosus." 192537,Conus otohimeae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,otohimeae,,,,,"Kuroda & Ito, 1961","Form: C. o. rogmartini, granulate form of this species." 192538,Conus ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ferrugineus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192539,Conus dispar,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dispar,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833", 192540,Conus andremenezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,andremenezi,,,,,"Oliviera & Biggs, 2010", 192541,Conus immelmani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,immelmani,,,,,"Korn, 1998", 192542,Conus dalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dalli,,,,,"Stearns, 1873", 192544,Conus crotchii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,crotchii,,,,,"Reeve, 1849", 192545,Conus parvatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,parvatus,,,,,"Walls, 1979", 192546,Conus aemulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aemulus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192547,Conus jickelii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,jickelii,,,,,"Weinkauff, 1873","This valid species is a close relative to C. angioiorum (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192548,Conus neoguttatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,neoguttatus,,,,,"da Motta, 1991", 192549,Conus magus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,magus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192550,Conus rutilus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rutilus,,,,,"Menke, 1843", 192551,Conus asiaticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,asiaticus,,,,,"da Motta, 1985","There are 2 subspecies: C. asiaticus asiaticus and C. asiaticus lovellreevei" 192552,Conus moncuri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,moncuri,,,,,"Filmer, 2005","The taxonomy of this species is uncertain. Tucker considers it a synonym of Conus litteratus Linnaeus, 1758 (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS database; whereas Filmer considers it a valid species (Filmer 2001, amended 2009)." 192553,Conus mazei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mazei,,,,,"Deshayes, 1874","
" 192554,Conus bozzettii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bozzettii,,,,,"Lauer, 1991", 192555,Conus venezuelanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,venezuelanus,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192556,Conus belairensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,belairensis,,,,,"Pin & Leung Tack, 1989", 192557,Conus pseudimperialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pseudimperialis,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008","It has been suggested that this species may be a synonym of Conus imperialis (Filmer 2001, amended 2009)" 192558,Conus nobilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nobilis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192559,Conus sculletti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sculletti,,,,,"Marsh, 1962", 192560,Conus grangeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,grangeri,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1900","In 1997, within the original description article of Conus salzmanni, all the taxonomy of this group of species was reviewed, concluding that Conus grangeri is the first available name for this species, found in Sri Lanka. Conus batheon is a deeper water form of the same species and therefore a synonym found in the Red Sea (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192561,Conus leobrerai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,leobrerai,,,,,"da Motta & R. Martin, 1982", 192562,Conus flavidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,flavidus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810", 192563,Conus aulicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aulicus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192564,Conus moreleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,moreleti,,,,,"Crosse, 1858","" 192565,Conus pseudokimioi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pseudokimioi,,,,,"da Motta & R Martin, 1982", 192566,Conus fergusoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fergusoni,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1873", 192567,Conus mitratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mitratus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192568,Conus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,abbreviatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843", 192569,Conus chiapponorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,chiapponorum,,,,,"Lorenz, 2004","Conus lucasi (Bozzetti, 2010) is a synonym of Conus chiapponorum." 192570,Conus rufimaculosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rufimaculosus,,,,,"Macpherson, 1959", 192571,Conus infinitus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,infinitus,,,,,"Rolán, 1990", 192572,Conus fontonae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fontonae,,,,,"Rolán & Trovão in Rolán, 1990", 192573,Conus magnificus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,magnificus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","Subspecies: C. m. macilentus." 192574,Conus peli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,peli,,,,,"Moolenbeek, 1996",The validity of this species needs to be assessed as it may be a local variation of namocanus form badius (G. Raybaudi and S. Veldsman pers. comm. October 2011). It is considered a valid species by Filmer. The small number of specimens available for study does not allow validation of its taxonomic status. 192575,Conus lamberti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lamberti,,,,,"Souverbie, 1877", 192576,Conus lucidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lucidus,,,,,"Wood, 1828", 192577,Conus pseudonivifer,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pseudonivifer,,,,,"Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004", 192578,Conus ermineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ermineus,,,,,"Born, 1778", 192579,Conus amadis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,amadis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791","Conus amadis castaneofasciata Dautzenberg, 1937 is a subspecies (Filmer 2001)." 192580,Conus chaldaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,chaldaeus,,,,,"(Röding, 1798)", 192581,Conus bayani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bayani,,,,,"Jousseaume, 1872", 192582,Conus vittatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,vittatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192583,Conus spirofilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,spirofilis,,,,,"Habe & Kosuge, 1970", 192584,Conus diminutus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,diminutus,,,,,"Trovão & Rolán, 1986", 192585,Conus vicweei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,vicweei,,,,,"Old, 1973", 192586,Conus terebra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,terebra,,,,,"Born, 1778","

There are two described subspecies of Conus terebra:

Conus terebra terebra Born, 1778

Conus  terebra thomasi

" 192587,Conus bandanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bandanus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192588,Conus araneosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,araneosus,,,,,""S" Lightfoot, 1786","There are two subspecies:
Conus araneosus araneosus
Conus araneosus nicobaricus" 192589,Conus sazanka,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sazanka,,,,,"Shikama, 1970","Form: C. s. kurzi" 192590,Conus miliaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,miliaris,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","There is a subspecies Conus miliaris pascuensis as described by Rehder, 1980 (Appeltans et al 2011).

" 192591,Conus stupa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,stupa,,,,,"Kuroda, 1956", 192592,Conus laterculatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,laterculatus,,,,,"Sowerby, 1870", 192593,Conus imperialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,imperialis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192594,Conus allaryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,allaryi,,,,,"Bozzetti, 2008", 192595,Conus lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lemniscatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1849","[Conus carcellesi, Conus clenchi and Conus tostesi are valid species and need their own Red List assessment - Jose Coltro]" 192596,Conus vulcanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,vulcanus,,,,,"Tenorio & Afonso, 2004", 192597,Conus boucheti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,boucheti,,,,,"Richard, 1983", 192598,Conus julieandreae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,julieandreae,,,,,"Cargile, 1995", 192599,Conus mindanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mindanus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","
" 192600,Conus roseorapum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,roseorapum,,,,,"G. Raybaudi (Massilia) & da Motta, 1990","Rockel et al. (1995) considers this as a synonym of another species C. recluzianus. Majority accept this as a valid species." 192601,Conus cocceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cocceus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844","
" 192602,Conus salreiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,salreiensis,,,,,"Rolán (Mosquera), 1980", 192603,Conus furvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,furvus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843",


192604,Conus hyaena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hyaena,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","There are two subspecies:

Conus hyaena hyaena Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus hyaena concolor Sowerby ii, 1841" 192605,Conus loroisii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,loroisii,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","The taxonomy of this species is disputed. Tucker considers it a subspecies of C. buxeus (Appeltans et al 2011) whereas Filmer considers it a valid species (Filmer 2001)." 192606,Conus fijiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fijiensis,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008", 192608,Conus genuanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,genuanus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","The species is considered to be in the subgenus Genuanoconus, a monotypic genus." 192609,Conus tuticorinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tuticorinensis,,,,,"Röckel & Korn, 1990", 192610,Conus saragasae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,saragasae,,,,,"Rolán, 1986", 192611,Conus ebraeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ebraeus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192612,Conus armiger,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,armiger,,,,,"Crosse, 1858","Conus pseudoaustini and Conus tristensis once considered as synonyms are valid species (Petuch and Sargent 2011)." 192613,Conus guinaicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,guinaicus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1793","There is a separate population on the Gorée Island at the southern tip of the Dakar peninsular, that is currently under review, as it may be a distinct form, and results of the molecular analysis may assist to determine the status of these populations (E. Monnier pers. comm, 2011)." 192614,Conus suratensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,suratensis,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192615,Conus eldredi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,eldredi,,,,,"Morrison, 1955", 192616,Conus vimineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,vimineus,,,,,"Reeve, 1849", 192617,Conus austroviola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,austroviola,,,,,"Röckel & Korn, 1992","Before 1992, this species was identified as the 'banded form' or the 'dark coloured specimen' of Conus viola Cernohorsky, 1977 (Röckel et al 1995).

The taxonomic status of this species is still uncertain and may be classified as a subspecies (H. Morrison pers. comm. 2011)." 192618,Conus malacanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,malacanus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192619,Conus suduirauti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,suduirauti,,,,,"G. Raybaudi (Massilia), 2004", 192620,Conus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,taeniatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192621,Conus jucundus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,jucundus,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1887", 192622,Conus worki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,worki,,,,,"Petuch, 1998","
" 192623,Conus kintoki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kintoki,,,,,"Habe & Kosuge, 1970", 192624,Conus granulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,granulatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192625,Conus sertacinctus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sertacinctus,,,,,"Röckel, 1986",Sometimes confused with C. sabulatus and C. blanfordianus (Filmer in press). 192626,Conus mordeirae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mordeirae,,,,,"Rolán & Trovão in Rolán, 1990", 192627,Conus flavescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,flavescens,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1834", 192628,Conus garciai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,garciai,,,,,"da Motta, 1982", 192629,Conus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,attenuatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844",
 192630,Conus delessertii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,delessertii,,,,,"Récluz, 1843", 192631,Conus damottai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,damottai,,,,,"Trovão, 1979","This species is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands . There are currently two subspecies, one found on Boavista and the other on Maio Island.  The two subspecies are considered separately, pending further information on their taxonomic status." 192632,Conus kuiperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kuiperi,,,,,"Moolenbeek, 2006",This species is classified in Lilliconus. 192633,Conus mus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","

" 192634,Conus miles,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,miles,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192635,Conus hirasei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hirasei,,,,,"Kuroda, 1956", 192636,Conus coronatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,coronatus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192637,Conus jaspideus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,jaspideus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791","C. jaspideus is a highly variable species that has led some taxonomists to separate it into several sub-species (Tucker 2010).

[Conus verrucosus, Conus pealii, and Conus nodiferus are good species and need their own Red List assessment - Ed Petuch]" 192638,Conus loyaltiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,loyaltiensis,,,,,"Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995", 192640,Conus boholensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,boholensis,,,,,"Petuch, 1979", 192641,Conus orbignyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,orbignyi,,,,,"Audouin, 1831","Three subspecies with distinct geographic distribution: C. o. coriolisi, C. o elokismenos, C. o. timorensis. However, C. o. coriolisi (Puillandre et al. 2011) and C. o. timorensis (Tucker 2009) should be considered as a separate species." 192642,Conus gloriamaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gloriamaris,,,,,"Chemnitz, 1777", 192643,Conus kirkandersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kirkandersi,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192644,Conus dayriti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dayriti,,,,,"Röckel & da Motta, 1983", 192645,Conus tribblei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tribblei,,,,,"Walls, 1977",This species has two subspecies (Röckel et al 1995): C. tribblei tribblei and C. tribblei queenslandis

C. queenslandis is considered to be a valid species (Wilson 1994).
 192647,Conus spectrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,spectrum,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

There are four described subspecies of Conus spectrum: C. s. conspersus Reeve, 1844, C. s. felinus Link, 1807, C. s. stillatus Reeve, 1849 and C. s. verreauxii Kiener, 1845 as described in the WoRMS database (Appeltans et al. 2011).

C. spectrum complex is retained in C. straminaeus complex group, sometimes linked with C. zebra and also confused with C. blanfordianus (Filmer in press).


" 192648,Conus tenuistriatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tenuistriatus,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1857",Synonym: C. tendineus var granulosus (Rockel et al. 1995). 192649,Conus rolani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rolani,,,,,"Röckel, 1986", 192650,Conus pseudoaurantius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pseudoaurantius,,,,,"Vink & von Cosel, 1985","
" 192651,Conus tabidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tabidus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192652,Conus hamanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hamanni,,,,,"Fainzilber & Mienis, 1986", 192653,Conus roberti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,roberti,,,,,"Richard, 2009","


" 192654,Conus radiatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,radiatus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192655,Conus olgae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,olgae,,,,,"Bacallado, Espinosai & Ortea, 2007","
" 192656,Conus luteus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,luteus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833","

There are 2 subspecies described: Conus luteus luteus: Conus luteus richardsae, Röckel & Korn, 1992 (Röckel et al. 1995).


" 192657,Conus lindae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lindae,,,,,"Petuch, 1987","
" 192658,Conus richardbinghami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,richardbinghami,,,,,"Petuch, 1993 ("1992")","

" 192659,Conus tisii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tisii,,,,,"Lan, 1978", 192660,Conus subulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,subulatus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","

This species is considered by Tucker to be a synonym of Conus stramineus Lamarck, 1810 (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMs database. However, Filmer considers this to be a valid species (Filmer 2001).

" 192661,Conus lenhilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lenhilli,,,,,"Cargile, 1998", 192662,Conus dieteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dieteri,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008", 192663,Conus clarus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,clarus,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1881", 192664,Conus episcopatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,episcopatus,,,,,"da Motta, 1982", 192665,Conus judaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,judaeus,,,,,"Bergh, 1895","This is a cryptic species of Conus ebraeus Linnaeus, 1758 (Duda et al. 2009)." 192666,Conus stupella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,stupella,,,,,"Kuroda, 1956", 192667,Conus raoulensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,raoulensis,,,,,"Powell, 1958","This species has been linked with C. howelli, but is considered a distinct species by most authorities (Marshall 1981)." 192668,Conus perplexus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,perplexus,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1857", 192669,Conus flavusalbus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,flavusalbus,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2000", 192670,Conus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1858","The taxonomy of this species is in dispute. Filmer considers it a valid species (Filmer 2001), whereas Tucker in the World Register of Marine Species consider it to be a synonym of Conus catus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS database. For the purpose of this assessment, we treat it as a valid species as suggested by Tucker." 192671,Conus insculptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,insculptus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845",This species has been confused for other species in the literature (G. T. Poppe pers. comm. 2011). 192672,Conus tuberculosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tuberculosus,,,,,"Tomlin, 1937", 192673,Conus aculeiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aculeiformis,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192674,Conus sponsalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sponsalis,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792",There are 2 sub-species: C. s. sponsalis and C. s. nanus (Duda et al 2008).

192675,Conus baccatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,baccatus,,,,,"Sowerby III, 1877", 192676,Conus branhamae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,branhamae,,,,,"Clench, 1953", 192677,Conus wittigi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,wittigi,,,,,"Walls, 1977",Synonyms: C. kongaensis (da Motta 1984) 192678,Conus berdulinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,berdulinus,,,,,"Veillard, 1972", 192679,Conus virgatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,virgatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1849", 192680,Conus sauros,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sauros,,,,,"Garcia, 2006","
" 192681,Conus teramachii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,teramachii,,,,,"(Kuroda, 1956)","Form: C. neotorquatus (Robin 2008)." 192682,Conus hivanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hivanus,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008", 192683,Conus stimpsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,stimpsoni,,,,,"Dall, 1902","" 192684,Conus anabathrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,anabathrum,,,,,"Crosse, 1865","Two subspecies are recognised: C. anabathrum anabathrum Crosse, 1865 and C. anabathrum burryae Clench, 1942 (Tucker, 2010).

Petuch and Sargent (2011) consider C. burryae to be a separate full species. Conus anabathrum tranthami, previously considered a synonym, has also now been shown to be a valid sub-species from the coral reefs of the Florida Keys.

Note: This species has been assessed as C. anabathrum without the range of C. burryae which will have a separate later assessment as a valid species." 192685,Conus dictator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dictator,,,,,"Melvill, 1898", 192686,Conus parius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,parius,,,,,"Reeve, 1844 ("1843")", 192687,Conus cloveri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cloveri,,,,,"Walls, 1978", 192688,Conus locumtenens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,locumtenens,,,,,"Blumenbach, 1791","This species is more commonly known as Conus acuminatus Hwass. Conus locumtenens, an oblitum name, was revived by RKK in 95." 192689,Conus traillii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,traillii,,,,,"A Adams, 1855", 192690,Conus tirardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tirardi,,,,,"Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1996", 192691,Conus aurisiacus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aurisiacus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192692,Conus viola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,viola,,,,,"Cernohorsky, 1977","Forms: C. v. blatteus (Rockel et al 1995), but this is considered a valid species in some literature." 192693,Conus cancellatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cancellatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","
" 192694,Conus varius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,varius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192695,Conus sunderlandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sunderlandi,,,,,"Petuch, 1987","
" 192696,Conus purpurascens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,purpurascens,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833", 192697,Conus chiangi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,chiangi,,,,,"Azuma, 1972", 192698,Conus rawaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rawaiensis,,,,,"da Motta, 1978", 192699,Conus striatellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,striatellus,,,,,"Link, 1807","Forms: C. s. sophiae, granulate form of C. striatellus." 192700,Conus eburneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,eburneus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192701,Conus marmoreus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,marmoreus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","There is a subspecies described of Conus marmoreus marmoreus: Conus marmoreus granulatus, Sowerby ii, 1839 (Röckel et al. 1995)." 192702,Conus maioensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,maioensis,,,,,"Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990", 192703,Conus trochulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,trochulus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192704,Conus acutangulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,acutangulus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810", 192705,Conus norai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,norai,,,,,"da Motta & G. Raybaudi (Massilia), 1992","" 192706,Conus kawamurai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kawamurai,,,,,"Habe, 1962", 192707,Conus cedonulli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cedonulli,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1767","Conus cedonulli Linneaus, 1767 consists of three subspecies: Conus cedonulli cedonulli Linneaus, 1767, Conus cedonulli insularis Gmelin 1791 and Conus cedonulli dominicanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792.


 
 
 

" 192708,Conus cinereus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cinereus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192709,Conus hybridus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hybridus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 192710,Conus delucai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,delucai,,,,,"Coltro, 2004","" 192711,Conus cordigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cordigera,,,,,"Sowerby II, 1866","This species may be a synonym of C. nobilus (G. T. Poppe and A. J. Kohn pers. comm. 2011)." 192712,Conus pennaceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pennaceus,,,,,"Born, 1778","There are many subspecies of this species including; C. p. behlokensis, C. p. echo, C. p. bazarutensis, C. p. corbieri, C. p ganensis, C. p tsara, and C. p vezoi (Appeltans 2011) from the WoRMS database, and C.p. praelatus (S. Veldsman pers. comm. October 2011). Some specialists have sugested that there may be other currently unidentified subspecies (Rockel et al. 1995).

Although there are some taxonomic issues regarding this species, for the purpose of this assessment, detailed taxonomic discussion for this species has been omitted, as it has no bearing on the resulting conservation assessment." 192713,Conus barthelemyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,barthelemyi,,,,,"Bernardi, 1861","There are two subspecies of this species; C. barthelemyi barthelemyi and C. barthelemyi jeanduvali from Maldives; (Poppe, G. T. and Poppe, P 2011)." 192714,Conus figulinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,figulinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192715,Conus melvilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,melvilli,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1879","This species has been recently classified into the subgenus Quasiconus (Tucker and Tenorio 2009), together with the closely related species Conus tuticorinensis which is found in Southern India, which suggests this may be a relictual species (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192716,Conus aurantius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aurantius,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192717,Conus bellulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bellulus,,,,,"Rolán, 1990", 192718,Conus hopwoodi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hopwoodi,,,,,"Tomlin, 1936", 192719,Conus litteratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,litteratus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Form: C. l. grueneri (Reeve 1843) but some experts put this as a subspecies.
" 192720,Conus micropunctatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,micropunctatus,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2000", 192721,Conus messiasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,messiasi,,,,,"Rolán & Fernandes in Rolán, 1990", 192722,Conus glans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,glans,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","This species has two subspecies:
Conus glans glans Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
Conus glans granulata Dautzenberg, 1937
(Appeltans et al. 2011)" 192723,Conus emarginatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,emarginatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192724,Conus bartschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bartschi,,,,,"Hanna & Strong, 1949", 192725,Conus infrenatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,infrenatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1848", 192726,Conus verdensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,verdensis,,,,,"Trovão, 1979","Conus verdensis was originally considered to have two subspecies: Conus verdensis verdensis Trovão, 1979 and Conus verdensis furnae Rolán, 1990; however C. f. furnae is now considered a different species." 192727,Conus achatinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,achatinus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791","Some references in the literature may refer to C. monachus." 192728,Conus sulcocastaneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sulcocastaneus,,,,,"Kosuge, 1981",


192729,Conus crocatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,crocatus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810","This species has at least three subspecies:
Conus crocatus crocatus  Lamarck, 1810
Conus crocatus magister Doiteau, 1981
Conus crocatus thailandis da Motta, 1978
(Röckel et al. 1995, Filmer 2001, Appeltans et al. 2011)" 192730,Conus aphrodite,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aphrodite,,,,,"Petuch, 1979", 192731,Conus bonfiglioli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bonfiglioli,,,,,"Bozzetti, 2010", 192732,Conus cervus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cervus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1822", 192733,Conus sukhadwalai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sukhadwalai,,,,,"Röckel & da Motta, 1983", 192734,Conus binghamae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,binghamae,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192735,Conus tornatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tornatus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833", 192736,Conus babaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,babaensis,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2001", 192737,Conus canonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,canonicus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192738,Conus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Okutani, 1968)", 192739,Conus patamakanthini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,patamakanthini,,,,,"Delsaerdt, 1998","The taxonomy of this species is uncertain.  Filmer considered it a possible subspecies of Conus australis Holton, 1802, but later revised his opinion and classified it as a valid species (Filmer 2001, amended 2009).  Tucker considers it a synonym of Conus australis gracilis G. B. Sowerby I, 1823 (Appeltans et al 2011) from the WoRMS database." 192740,Conus dampierensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dampierensis,,,,,"Coomans & Filmer, 1985", 192741,Conus pineaui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pineaui,,,,,"Pin & Leung Tack in Pin, 1989","" 192742,Conus raulsilvai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,raulsilvai,,,,,"Rolán, Monteiro & Fernandes, 1998", 192743,Conus tessulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tessulatus,,,,,"Born, 1778","There is one described subspecies of Conus tessulatus: C. t. edaphus Dall, 1910 (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS database.

Synonym: C. pavimentum (Rockal et al. 2011)." 192744,Conus ateralbus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ateralbus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","There is a population on another island (Maio) that is currently known as C. ateralbus, however, at present this has been discounted from the conservation assessment until better data is available on the status of the population (Manuel J Tenorio, pers. comm. 2011).
." 192745,Conus nucleus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nucleus,,,,,"Reeve, 1848", 192746,Conus poormani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,poormani,,,,,"Berry, 1968", 192747,Conus milesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,milesi,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1887","This species is known only from the holotype and a few specimens washed up in the 1970s, and is considered to be a valid species (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192748,Conus unifasciatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,unifasciatus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 192749,Conus harlandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,harlandi,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192750,Conus moylani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,moylani,,,,,"Delsaerdt, 2000","

There is some uncertainty with the taxonomy of this species however, Filmer considers it a true species (Filmer 2001).  Because of conservation consideration it is here considered a true species.

" 192751,Conus sphacelatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sphacelatus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833","" 192752,Conus rosemaryae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rosemaryae,,,,,"Petuch, 1990", 192753,Conus pergrandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pergrandis,,,,,"(Iredale, 1937)","Subspecies: C. p. fletcheri." 192754,Conus coffeae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,coffeae,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192755,Conus profundorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,profundorum,,,,,"(Kuroda, 1956)","Synonyms: C. soyomaruae" 192756,Conus evansi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,evansi,,,,,"Bondarev, 2001","This species is considered to be a valid species by Filmer (Filmer 2001), but it is recorded by Tucker, J.K. in World Register of Marine Species as a synonym of Conus inscriptus Reeve, 1845 (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS database. It may also be juvenile of C. grangeri batheon (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011). Taxonomic validation is needed." 192757,Conus sutanorcum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sutanorcum,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008", 192758,Conus richeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,richeri,,,,,"Richard & Moolenbeek, 1988", 192759,Conus janus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,janus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","
" 192760,Conus stramineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,stramineus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810","

There are five described subspecies of Conus stramineus: C. s. mulderi Fulton, 1801, C. s. nisus Kiener, 1845, C. s. amplus Röckel & Korn, 1992, C. s. straturantus G. B. Sowerby II, 1865 and C. s. subulatus Kiener, 1845  as described in the WoRMS database (Appeltans et al 2011).

" 192761,Conus mappa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,mappa,,,,,""S" Lightfoot, 1786","
" 192762,Conus telatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,telatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1848",Forms: C. t. rugosus. 192763,Conus troendlei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,troendlei,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Zandbergen & Bouchet, 2008", 192764,Conus sanderi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sanderi,,,,,"Wils & Moolenbeek, 1979","
" 192765,Conus iodostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,iodostoma,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","Some taxonomists believe this species to be within the genus Asprella and not within the Conus genus (Monteiro 2011)." 192766,Conus selenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,selenae,,,,,"van Mol, Tursch & Kempf, 1967", 192767,Conus eucoronatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,eucoronatus,,,,,"Sowerby, 1903", 192768,Conus hieroglyphus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,hieroglyphus,,,,,"Duclos, 1833", 192769,Conus swainsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,swainsoni,,,,,"Estival & von Cosel, 1986", 192771,Conus crioulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,crioulus,,,,,"Tenorio & Afonso, 2004", 192772,Conus geographus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,geographus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192773,Conus polongimarumai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,polongimarumai,,,,,"Kosuge, 1980", 192774,Conus wilsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,wilsi,,,,,"Delsaerdt, 1998", 192775,Conus kerstitchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kerstitchi,,,,,"Walls, 1978",This species is considered a synonym of C. monilifer (Tenorio et al 2012). 192776,Conus shikamai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,shikamai,,,,,"Coomans. Moolenbeek & Wils, 1985", 192777,Conus colmani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,colmani,,,,,"Röckel & Korn, 1990","This species is part of a complex of Conus species that is currently under debate in need of further investigation concerning taxonomic status. The group includes C. albellus, C. limpusi, and C. lizadensis." 192778,Conus vexillum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,vexillum,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791","There are 2 subspecies:

C. v. vexillum Gmelin, 1791
C. v. sumatrensis

Forms: C. v. sulphuratus (a juvenile vexillum)
" 192779,Conus ochroleucus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ochroleucus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791","

There is one described subspecies of Conus ochroleucus: Conus ochroleucus tmetus Tomlin, 1937 (Röckel et al. 1995).

" 192780,Conus cakobaui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cakobaui,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2008", 192781,Conus ranonganus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ranonganus,,,,,"da Motta, 1978", 192782,Conus portobeloensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,portobeloensis,,,,,"Petuch, 1990","" 192783,Conus velaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,velaensis,,,,,"Petuch, 1993","
" 192784,Conus aureopunctatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,aureopunctatus,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192785,Conus regonae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,regonae,,,,,"Rolán & Trovão in Rolán, 1990", 192786,Conus stercusmuscarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,stercusmuscarum,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192787,Conus fijisulcatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fijisulcatus,,,,,"Moolenbeek, Röckel & Bouchet, 2009", 192788,Conus bahamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bahamensis,,,,,"Vink & Röckel, 1995","This species is considered by Tucker to be a synonym of Conus spurius Gmelin, 1971 (Appeltans et al. 2011) from the WoRMS database, although Filmer considers it a valid species (Filmer 2001)." 192789,Conus tulipa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tulipa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 192790,Conus trigonus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,trigonus,,,,,"Reeve, 1848","A formerly considered synonym C. adami is actually a distinct species from C. trigonus with a separate distribution and habitat." 192791,Conus helgae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,helgae,,,,,"Blöcher, 1992", 192792,Conus typhon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,typhon,,,,,"Kilburn, 1975",Some taxonomists consider this a subspeces of C. nielsenae (G. Raybaudi and S. Veldsman pers. comm. October 2011). 192793,Conus cylindraceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cylindraceus,,,,,"Broderip & Sowerby, 1830","
" 192794,Conus augur,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,augur,,,,,""S" Lightfoot, 1786", 192796,Conus musicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,musicus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","The subspecies described are Conus musicus musicus and Conus musicus parvatus Walls, 1979 (Röckel et al. 1995)." 192797,Conus thalassiarchus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,thalassiarchus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1834","This species has a multiple forms (Rockel et al. 1995, Poppe pers. comm. 2011)." 192798,Conus patae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,patae,,,,,"Abbott, 1971","


" 192799,Conus namocanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,namocanus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","C. badus is a local form from the Red Sea, which might be a subspecies (G. Raybaudi pers comm. October 2011)." 192800,Conus ciderryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ciderryi,,,,,"da Motta, 1985", 192801,Conus guidopoppei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,guidopoppei,,,,,"G. Raybaudi (Massilia), 2006", 192802,Conus dondani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,dondani,,,,,"Kosuge, 1981", 192803,Conus angasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,angasi,,,,,"Tryon, 1883","There are some taxonomic confusion between this species and C. advertex  Garrard 1961, and is accepted by Morrison and Singleton and Wilson 1994." 192804,Conus acutimarginatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,acutimarginatus,,,,,"Sowerby II, 1866","This is considered a valid species by Filmer (2001) but was recently considered by Tucker (2010) to be a synonym of the wider-ranging Conus jaspideus Gmelin, 1791 which is a polytypic species consisting of three subspecies. Until further evidence is provided, this species is considered valid." 192805,Conus archetypus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,archetypus,,,,,"Crosse, 1865","C archetypus is now known to be part of a large species complex found from the lesser Antillies to central Brasil, comprising at least eight species." 192806,Conus kiicumulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kiicumulus,,,,,"Azuma, 1982","This species is related to Conus proximus." 192807,Conus bajanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bajanensis,,,,,"Nowell-Usticke, 1968","
" 192808,Conus grahami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,grahami,,,,,"Röckel, von Cosel & Burnay, 1980","Conus grahami has two subspecies:

C. grahami grahami Röckel, von Cosel & Burnay, 1980
C. grahami luziensis Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1983.

A third species has sometimes to been considered as a subspecies of this species, but has recently been considered to be separate:

C. grahami longilineus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980

The two subspecies C. grahami and C. luziensis are thought to be conspecific by Tenorio (M. J. Tenorio pers. comm. 2011).

 " 192809,Conus ceruttii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ceruttii,,,,,"Cargile, 1997", 192810,Conus xanthicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,xanthicus,,,,,"Dall, 1910", 192811,Conus planorbis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,planorbis,,,,,"Born, 1778","Forms: C. p. chenui and C. p. vitulinus" 192812,Conus quercinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,quercinus,,,,,""S" Lightfoot, 1786","
" 192813,Conus floccatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,floccatus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1841","This species has one known rare subspecies, Conus floccatus magdalenae, which has a different colouration to the normal shells of the species (Poppe, G. T. and Poppe, P.)" 192814,Conus rainesae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rainesae,,,,,"McGinty, 1953", 192815,Conus auricomus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,auricomus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192816,Conus ximenes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ximenes,,,,,"Gray, 1939", 192817,Conus kulkulcan,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kulkulcan,,,,,"Petuch, 1980", 192818,Conus deynzerorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,deynzerorum,,,,,"Petuch, 1995", 192819,Conus omaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,omaria,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","Subspecies: C. o. magoides, C. o . marmoricolor" 192820,Conus caracteristicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,caracteristicus,,,,,"G. Fischer, 1807", 192821,Conus lizarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lizarum,,,,,"(G. Raybaudi & da Motta, 1992)","This species is related to the group Fumiconus, together with closest relative species C. traversianus, C. stocki, and C. guidopoppei." 192822,Conus puncticulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,puncticulatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192823,Conus fernandesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fernandesi,,,,,"Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008", 192824,Conus nimbosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nimbosus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","
" 192825,Conus neptunus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,neptunus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","Subspecies: C. n. futunaensis." 192826,Conus gordyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gordyi,,,,,"Röckel & Bondarev, 2000","" 192827,Conus penchaszadehi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,penchaszadehi,,,,,"Petuch, 1986","



" 192828,Conus fragilissimus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fragilissimus,,,,,"Petuch, 1979", 192829,Conus circumcisus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,circumcisus,,,,,"Born, 1778", 192830,Conus carnalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,carnalis,,,,,"Sowerby III, 1879", 192831,Conus centurio,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,centurio,,,,,"Born, 1778", 192832,Conus sydneyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sydneyensis,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1887", 192833,Conus broderipii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,broderipii,,,,,"Reeve, 1844", 192834,Conus scalptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,scalptus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","This species is often confused with C. mucronatus." 192835,Conus fulmen,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fulmen,,,,,"Reeve, 1843",Subspecies: C. f. leobottoni (Philippines) and C. f. kirai (Japan). 192836,Conus eversoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,eversoni,,,,,"Petuch, 1987", 192837,Conus archon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,archon,,,,,"Broderip, 1833", 192838,Conus timorensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,timorensis,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192839,Conus tiaratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,tiaratus,,,,,"Sowerby i & ii, 1833","The once previously believed synonym to this species, C. roosevelti, has been raised to a distinct species." 192840,Conus ignotus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ignotus,,,,,"Cargile, 1998", 192841,Conus irregularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,irregularis,,,,,"Sowerby ii, 1858", 192842,Conus ione,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ione,,,,,"Fulton, 1938", 192843,Conus legatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,legatus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1810","" 192844,Conus lividus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,lividus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","Subspecies: C. l. detritus (Menke 1830)." 192845,Conus guanche,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,guanche,,,,,"Lauer, 1993",
192846,Conus gabryae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gabryae,,,,,"Korn & Röckel, 1992","There is uncertainty with the taxonomy of this species.  Filmer considers it a true species (Filmer 2001), whereas Tucker in the World Register of Marine Species considers it to be a synonym of Conus australis gracilis, G.B. Sowerby I, 1823 (Appeltans et al. 2011 from the WoRMS database).

Furthermore, Kohn provisionally recognizes C. a. gabryae as a subspecies of Conus australis, as it is restricted to the Solomon Is. and has different colourations and more ventricose to ovate last whorl than C. a. australis (Röckel et al. 1995)." 192847,Conus consors,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,consors,,,,,"Sowerby II, 1833", 192848,Conus adamsonii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,adamsonii,,,,,"Broderip, 1836", 192849,Conus balteatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,balteatus,,,,,"Sowerby I & II, 1833","This species currently has two subspecies C. balteatus balteatus, and C. balteatus pigmentatus ( Appeltans et al 2011 WoRMS database) . There may be other variations of the species but these are not yet identified.



" 192850,Conus pacificus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pacificus,,,,,"Moolenbeek & Röckel, 1996", 192851,Conus gabelishi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gabelishi,,,,,"da Motta & Ninomiya in da Motta, 1982", 192852,Conus ardisiaceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,ardisiaceus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845","The closest relative of this species occurs in southeastern Australian waters (C. papiliferus), which suggests that this may be a relictual species (G. Raybaudi pers. comm. October 2011)." 192853,Conus virgo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,virgo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Subspecies: C. v. alba and C. v. fasciata (Rockel et al 1995). 192854,Conus jourdani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,jourdani,,,,,"da Motta, 1984", 192856,Conus honkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,honkeri,,,,,"Petuch, 1988", 192857,Conus paulae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,paulae,,,,,"Petuch, 1988","
" 192858,Conus fuscoflavus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,fuscoflavus,,,,,"Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980", 192859,Conus eugrammatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,eugrammatus,,,,,"Bartsch & Rehder, 1943","C. wakayamensis may be a synonym." 192860,Conus zapatosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,zapatosensis,,,,,"Röckel, 1987", 192861,Conus elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,elegans,,,,,"Sowerby iii, 1895","There are two subspecies of this species C. elegans elegans and C. elegans ramalhoi (Appeltans et al. 2011 WoRMS database). " 192862,Conus gondwanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,gondwanensis,,,,,"Röckel & Moolenbeek, 1995", 192863,Conus korni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,korni,,,,,"G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1993",This species is classified in the genus Lilliconus. 192864,Conus zeylanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,zeylanicus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192865,Conus scopulorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,scopulorum,,,,,"Van Mol, Tursch & Kempf, 1971","" 192866,Conus sennottorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,sennottorum,,,,,"Rehder & Abbott, 1951", 192867,Conus luciae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,luciae,,,,,"Moolenbeek, 1986", 192868,Conus alconnelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,alconnelli,,,,,"da Motta, 1986","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. Moolenbeek and Coomans (1987) propose that Conus alconnelli is a synonym of Conus martensi. Tenorio et al. (2008) conclude that differences in colour and shape justify Conus alconnelli as a separate species." 192869,Conus regius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,regius,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 192870,Conus arenatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,arenatus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792", 192871,Conus cardinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cardinalis,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","The Conus cardinalis complex refers to a range of shells that vary in colour and shape and this has led to a plethora of synonyms. The complex contains the species C. abbotti, C. caysalensis, C. cidaris, C. dianthus, C. donnae, C. harasewychi, C. lucaya, C. ortneri, C. stanfieldi and C. theodorei.



" 192872,Conus pictus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pictus,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","This species has two recognized subspecies C. p. pictus and C. p. transkeiensis (Appeltans et al 2011) from the WoRMS database." 192873,Conus voluminalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,voluminalis,,,,,"Reeve, 1843","Rockel et al. (1995) synonymize this with C. macarae but this is recognized as form." 192874,Conus nux,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nux,,,,,"Broderip, 1833", 192875,Conus wakayamaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,wakayamaensis,,,,,"(Kuroda, 1956)",Form nereis often referred to as C. nereis (Röckel et al 1995). 192876,Conus rosalindensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,rosalindensis,,,,,"Petuch, 1998","
" 192877,Conus franciscoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,franciscoi,,,,,"Rolán & Röckel, 2000", 192878,Conus cuvieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cuvieri,,,,,"Crosse, 1858","" 192879,Conus pertusus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pertusus,,,,,"Hwass in Bruguière, 1792","
" 192882,Chiapaheros grammodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chiapaheros,grammodes,,,,,"(Taylor & Miller, 1980)", 192883,Amphilophus istlanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,istlanus,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)", 192885,Cincelichthys pearsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cincelichthys,pearsei,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1936)", 192886,Trichromis salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trichromis,salvini,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 192887,Amphilophus trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,trimaculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 192889,Kihnichthys ufermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Kihnichthys,ufermanni,,,,,"(Allgayer, 2002)",

Kinichthys is likely congeneric with Cincelichthys (Rican et al. 2016). Nominal species within each genus are differentiated on the basis of body coloration. Genetic testing is needed to resolve relationships between these genera (Rican et al. 2016).

192891,Cryptoheros chetumalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cryptoheros,chetumalensis,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2007","Records of Cryptoheros spilurus (or Cichlasoma spilurum; the ""blue-eye cichlid"") from Mexico refer to this species." 192892,Cryptoheros spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cryptoheros,spilurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 192893,Herichthys bartoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,bartoni,,,,,"(Bean, 1892)", 192894,Herichthys carpintis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,carpintis,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1899)", 192896,Herichthys deppii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,deppii,,,,,"(Heckel, 1840)", 192897,Herichthys labridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,labridens,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1903)", 192898,Herichthys tamasopoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,tamasopoensis,,,,,"Artigas Azas, 1993", 192899,Paraneetroplus bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paraneetroplus,bulleri,,,,,"Regan, 1905", 192900,Paraneetroplus gibbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paraneetroplus,gibbiceps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 192901,Paraneetroplus nebulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paraneetroplus,nebulifer,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 192902,Petenia splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petenia,splendida,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 192903,Rocio gemmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rocio,gemmata,,,,,"Contreras-Balderas & Schmitter-Soto, 2007", 192904,Rocio ocotal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rocio,ocotal,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2007", 192905,Rocio octofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rocio,octofasciata,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 192906,Rheoheros coeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rheoheros,coeruleus,,,,,"(Stawikowski & Werner, 1987)", 192907,Theraps irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Theraps,irregularis,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 192908,Rheoheros lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rheoheros,lentiginosus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 192909,Thorichthys affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,affinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 192910,Thorichthys aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,aureus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 192911,Thorichthys callolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,callolepis,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 138885345,Thorichthys maculipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,maculipinnis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 192913,Thorichthys helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,helleri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 192914,Thorichthys meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,meeki,,,,,"Brind, 1918", 192915,Thorichthys pasionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,pasionis,,,,,"(Rivas, 1962)", 192916,Thorichthys socolofi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thorichthys,socolofi,,,,,"(Miller & Taylor, 1984)", 192917,Maskaheros argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Maskaheros,argenteus,,,,,"(Allgayer, 1991)", 192918,Vieja bifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Vieja,bifasciata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 192919,Vieja breidohri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Vieja,breidohri,,,,,"(Werner & Stawikowski, 1987)", 192920,Vieja fenestrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Vieja,fenestrata,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 192921,Vieja guttulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Vieja,guttulata,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 192922,Oscura heterospila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oscura,heterospila,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1936)", 192923,Chuco intermedium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chuco,intermedium,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 192924,Vieja maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Vieja,maculicauda,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 192925,Maskaheros regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Maskaheros,regani,,,,,"(Miller, 1974)", 192927,Vieja zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Vieja,zonata,,,,,"(Meek, 1905)", 192928,Gobiomorus polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorus,polylepis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1953", 192930,Diapterus rhombeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Diapterus,rhombeus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","

This species is easily confused with Diapterus auratus.

" 192931,Leptobrachella applebyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,applebyi,,,,,"(Rowley & Cao, 2009)", 192932,Eucinostomus harengulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,harengulus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1879", 192933,Awaous banana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,banana,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","The most recent revision of this species (Watson 1996) considers the species to occur on both sides of Central America, however, there is disagreement. For this assessment we consider only the Western Atlantic species to be Awaous banana. There has not been a genetic analysis that supports the synonomy of A. transandianus (Pacific) and A. banana (Atlantic). It should be noted that the common trend in gobioid fauna is that morphologically similar species that occur on opposite sides of the istmus of Panama have been recognized as distinct species based upon combined morphological and molecular analysis." 192935,Gobionellus hastatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobionellus,hastatus,,,,,"Girard, 1858", 192936,Sicydium gymnogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,gymnogaster,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1884", 192941,Lutjanus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,griseus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 192944,Joturus pichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Joturus,pichardi,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 192946,Etheostoma lugoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,lugoi,,,,,"Norris & Minckley, 1997", 192948,Awaous guamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,guamensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","This species is regularly confused with other species. Its synonym, Awaous stamineus, is probably another species, endemic to Hawaii and distinct from Awaous guamensis (P. Keith pers. comm. 2011, Lindstrom et al. 2012). Further taxonomic work is needed to clarify this species." 192982,Mahidolia mystacina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mahidolia,mystacina,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)",Fin coloration is highly variable between individuals indicating that there are possibly more than one species represented by the population (Allen and Erdmann 2012). 192986,Trimma okinawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,okinawae,,,,,"(Aoyagi, 1949)","The distribution of T. okinawae possibly represents a complex of several species (Winterbottom pers. comm. in Allen and Erdmann 2012, Winterbottom and Hoese 2015)." 192987,Eviota bifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,bifasciata,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1980", 192988,Eviota nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,nigriventris,,,,,"Giltay, 1933","Underwater photographs of individuals with similar white eye markings are known from Australia, the Philippines, Palau and the Yaeyama Islands in Japan, but genetic testing is required to verify if these individuals are E. nigriventris (Greenfield and Tornabene 2014)" 192991,Valenciennea sexguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,sexguttata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 192992,Eviota pseudostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,pseudostigma,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1980", 192995,Cryptocentrus cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,cinctus,,,,,"(Herre, 1936)", 192996,Bryaninops loki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,loki,,,,,"Larson, 1985",Byraninops annella Suzuki and Randall 2014 may be the same as this species. 192997,Eviota pellucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,pellucida,,,,,"Larson, 1976", 192998,Bryaninops erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,erythrops,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 193000,Asterropteryx ensifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Asterropteryx,ensifera,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1874)", 193002,Ctenogobiops aurocingulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobiops,aurocingulus,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)", 193003,Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,caeruleomaculatus,,,,,"(Herre, 1933)", 193005,Stiphodon caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,caeruleus,,,,,"Parenti & Maciolek, 1993", 193007,Istigobius decoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Istigobius,decoratus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 193009,Pleurosicya fringilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,fringilla,,,,,"Larson, 1990", 193011,Eviota herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,herrei,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906","This species was described from Samoa (Jordan and Seale 1906). Other records throughout the Indo-Pacific may be part of a species complex, found throughout the West Pacific, from Indonesia, north to Japan (Ryukyu Islands), east to French Polynesia (Rapa) and south to Australia (Great Barrier Reef)." 193012,Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,cyanotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","

The precise identity of this species has not been fully determined. It appears that the species, as recognized is a complex of related species, with some having been previously described. Many published images do not match type specimen. Records of this species have been confused with that of Cryptocentrus multicinctus Allen & Randall, 2011 and probably also with Cryptocentrus leonis (Smith, 1931).

" 193013,Paragobiodon melanosomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Paragobiodon,melanosomus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 193015,Gobiodon quinquestrigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,quinquestrigatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","This species has been confused with Gobiodon rivulatus, and there are two color forms of Gobiodon quinquestrigatus, which may indicate a cryptic species (Larson in press)." 193016,Trimma randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,randalli,,,,,"Winterbottom & Zur, 2007", 193017,Paragobiodon lacunicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Paragobiodon,lacunicolus,,,,,"(Kendall & Goldsborough, 1911)", 193018,Oxyurichthys takagi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,takagi,,,,,"Pezold, 1998", 193020,Trimma hayashii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,hayashii,,,,,"Hagiwara & Winterbottom, 2007", 193022,Trimma hoesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,hoesei,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1984", 193024,Valenciennea helsdingenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,helsdingenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 193025,Eviota queenslandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,queenslandica,,,,,"Whitley, 1932", 193027,Eviota cometa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,cometa,,,,,"Jewett & Lachner, 1983", 193028,Pleurosicya micheli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,micheli,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1971", 193030,Eviota guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,guttata,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1978", 193031,Palutrus scapulopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Palutrus,scapulopunctatus,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1912)","This is a senior synonym of Palutrus reticularis (Smith 1959), P. meteori (Klausewitz and Zander 1967) and possibly P. pusillus (Tortonese 1976) (H. Larson pers. comm. 2015). The entire genus is in need of revision." 193032,Trimma flavatrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,flavatrum,,,,,"Hagiwara & Winterbottom, 2007", 193034,Callogobius hasseltii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,hasseltii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)",The species has been confused with other species and some records are probably based on other species. Some species treated as junior synonyms are probably distinct species (Delventhal and Mooi 2013). Further studies are needed to fully document its identity and distribution. 193035,Eviota punctulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,punctulata,,,,,"Jewett & Lachner, 1983", 193037,Gobiopsis exigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopsis,exigua,,,,,"Lachner & McKinney, 1979", 193039,Pleurosicya plicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,plicata,,,,,"Larson, 1990","Colour photographs from Bogorodsky et al (2010) show individuals from the Red Sea that have different colour patterns than those shown in Allen and Erdmann (2012) and Kuiter and Tonozuka (2011). Additionally, specimens from the Red Sea occupy a different micro-habitat (hard corals) to those individuals from Pacific localities, which are found on sponges. Further research is necessary to determine the taxonomic status of the Red Sea population.

 " 193040,Trimma stobbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,stobbsi,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2001", 193041,Trimmatom nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimmatom,nanus,,,,,"Winterbottom & Emery, 1981", 193042,Eviota sebreei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,sebreei,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 193043,Pleurosicya muscarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,muscarum,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 193047,Istigobius goldmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Istigobius,goldmanni,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",The species as recognized is probably a composite of two or more species and is often misidentified as Istigobius nigroocellatus. 193048,Gnatholepis anjerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gnatholepis,anjerensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 193050,Gobiodon brochus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,brochus,,,,,"Harold & Winterbottom, 1999", 193051,Stonogobiops yasha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stonogobiops,yasha,,,,,"Yoshino & Shimada, 2001", 193053,Istigobius nigroocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Istigobius,nigroocellatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)","The species is often confused with Istigobius spence, which occur in the same habitat and some records are probably based on misidentifications of I. spence. Istigobius spence is more common on coastal reefs, while I. nigroocellatus more common on near shore reefs." 193055,Trimma unisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,unisquamis,,,,,"(Gosline, 1959)", 193056,Ctenogobiops pomastictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobiops,pomastictus,,,,,"Lubbock & Polunin, 1977",Further research is needed to determine if Ctenogobiops mitodes is different from this species. 193057,Stenogobius fehlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,fehlmanni,,,,,"Watson, 1991",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

193058,Callogobius maculipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,maculipinnis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1918)", 193059,Trimma macrophthalmum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,macrophthalmum,,,,,"(Tomiyama, 1936)", 193060,Eviota prasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,prasina,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 193062,Fusigobius pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,pallidus,,,,,"(Randall, 2001)", 193063,Valenciennea muralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,muralis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 193064,Amblyeleotris guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,guttata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 193066,Trimma anaima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,anaima,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2000", 193067,Priolepis nocturna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,nocturna,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)", 193068,Valenciennea puellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,puellaris,,,,,"(Tomiyama, 1956)", 193073,Exyrias belissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Exyrias,belissimus,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 193074,Gobiopsis quinquecincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopsis,quinquecincta,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 193075,Vanderhorstia ambanoro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanderhorstia,ambanoro,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1957)", 193076,Eviota zebrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,zebrina,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1978", 193078,Eviota sigillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,sigillata,,,,,"Jewett & Lachner, 1983", 193080,Bathygobius cyclopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,cyclopterus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 193082,Amblygobius sphynx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,sphynx,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 193085,Valenciennea strigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,strigata,,,,,"(Broussonet, 1782)", 193087,Pleurosicya australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,australis,,,,,"Larson, 1990", 193088,Cryptocentrus inexplicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,inexplicatus,,,,,"(Herre, 1934)", 193089,Trimma nasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,nasa,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2005", 193090,Cryptocentrus leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,leucostictus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","More research is needed on this species’ taxonomy and distribution, to distinguish it from Cryptocentrus albidorsus. Juveniles are often misidentified as C. albidorsus and it is likely that the two species are largely allopatric." 193091,Bryaninops ridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,ridens,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 193093,Bryaninops yongei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,yongei,,,,,"(Davis & Cohen, 1969)", 193095,Sicyopterus eudentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,eudentatus,,,,,"Parenti & Maciolek, 1993", 193097,Priolepis cincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,cincta,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 193099,Amblygobius esakiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,esakiae,,,,,"Herre, 1939",Amblygobius esakiae is likely closely related to A. nocturnus (Allen and Erdmann 2016). 193100,Oxyurichthys papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,papuensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 193102,Amblyeleotris randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,randalli,,,,,"Hoese & Steene, 1978", 193103,Stonogobiops nematodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stonogobiops,nematodes,,,,,"Hoese & Randall, 1982", 193106,Gobiodon citrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,citrinus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 193107,Eviota infulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,infulata,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)", 193108,Eviota afelei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,afelei,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 193109,Trimma emeryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,emeryi,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1985", 193112,Gobiodon okinawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,okinawae,,,,,"Sawada, Arai & Abe, 1972", 193113,Sicyopterus lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,lividus,,,,,"Parenti & Maciolek, 1993", 193114,Ctenogobiops maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobiops,maculosus,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1955)", 193115,Amblyeleotris fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,fasciata,,,,,"(Herre, 1953)","Has been confused with Amblyeleotris wheeleri Polunin and Lubbock, 1977" 193116,Fusigobius signipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,signipinnis,,,,,"Hoese & Obika, 1988", 193119,Ctenogobiops tangaroai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobiops,tangaroai,,,,,"Lubbock & Polunin, 1977", 193121,Gobiodon spilophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,spilophthalmus,,,,,"Fowler, 1944","

This species is very closely related to Gobiodon ceramensis (Duchene et al. 2013). It is often misidentified and may be confused with Gobiodon albofasciatus and Gobiodon heterospilus (Shibukawa et al. 2013, Allen and Erdmann 2012, Hing et al. 2019, Duchene et al. 2013). It may be a synonym of G. ceramensis. The complex is in need of revision.


" 193122,Callogobius sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,sclateri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)",There is a probable new species included within this species distribution that is under revision by Naomi Delventhal (Larson pers. comm. 2018). 193123,Eviota zonura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,zonura,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 193127,Sueviota lachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sueviota,lachneri,,,,,"Winterbottom & Hoese, 1988", 193128,Fusigobius maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,maximus,,,,,"(Randall, 2001)", 193129,Valenciennea longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,longipinnis,,,,,"(Lay & Bennett, 1839)", 193130,Eviota smaragdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,smaragdus,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 193131,Eviota fasciola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,fasciola,,,,,"Karnella & Lachner, 1981", 193132,Tomiyamichthys oni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tomiyamichthys,oni,,,,,"(Tomiyama, 1936)", 193133,Trimma halonevum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,halonevum,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2000", 193139,Eviota distigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,distigma,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 193140,Bathygobius cotticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,cotticeps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 193142,Gobiodon prolixus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,prolixus,,,,,"Winterbottom & Harold, 2005", 193143,Oxyurichthys lonchotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,lonchotus,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)",Oxyurichthys guibei and O. visayanus have recently been synonymized with O. lonchotus (Pezold and Larson 2015). 193144,Signigobius biocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Signigobius,biocellatus,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1977", 193145,Trimma milta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,milta,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2002", 193146,Amblygobius linki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,linki,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 193147,Gobiodon acicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,acicularis,,,,,"Harold & Winterbottom, 1995","This species may have an older name, and because it is black there have probably been many misidentifications. As a result, it may be more widely distributed." 193148,Trimma tevegae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,tevegae,,,,,"Cohen & Davis, 1969","This species, as currently considered, is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific. However, genetic analyses have suggested that there may be distinct species that have not yet been described within Trimma tevegae (Winterbottom and Hoese 2015). The populations in Australia, Indonesia, and New Guinea may retain the name Trimma tevegae (type locality: New Britain), pending further investigation to determine if populations in other areas are distinct species (Winterbottom and Hoese 2015)." 193150,Paragobiodon echinocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Paragobiodon,echinocephalus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 193151,Trimma benjamini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,benjamini,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1996", 193152,Eviota lachdeberei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,lachdeberei,,,,,"Giltay, 1933", 193153,Cryptocentrus leptocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,leptocephalus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1876","This species is often confused with Cryptocentrus melanopus. Further work is needed to determine the distinctiveness of the two species. Also, preserved specimens of this species can easily confused with C. altipinna (Hoese 2019)." 193154,Bathygobius coalitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,coalitus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)", 193155,Bathygobius laddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,laddi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1931)", 193156,Priolepis kappa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,kappa,,,,,"Winterbottom & Burridge, 1993", 193159,Eviota prasites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,prasites,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 193160,Fusigobius duospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,duospilus,,,,,"Hoese & Reader, 1985", 193161,Amblygobius nocturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,nocturnus,,,,,"(Herre, 1945)", 193162,Priolepis semidoliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,semidoliata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 193163,Pleurosicya bilobata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,bilobata,,,,,"(Koumans, 1941)", 193167,Fusigobius neophytus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,neophytus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 193168,Paragobiodon xanthosomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Paragobiodon,xanthosomus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 193169,Cryptocentrus albidorsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,albidorsus,,,,,"(Yanagisawa, 1978)","This species' taxonomy needs additional research, as there have been a number of misidentifications and this species may be a synonym of Cryptocentrus leucostictus." 19316,Rasbora tawarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,tawarensis,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 193171,Gobiodon rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,rivulatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)",This species is sometimes confused with Gobiodon quinquestrigatus (H. Larson in press). 193174,Trimma striatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,striatum,,,,,"(Herre, 1945)", 193175,Eviota saipanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,saipanensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 193179,Bathygobius cocosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,cocosensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)",This species has been misidentified as Bathygobius fuscus in Hawaii (Randall et al. 1993). 193180,Priolepis aureoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,aureoviridis,,,,,"(Gosline, 1959)", 193182,Stonogobiops xanthorhinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stonogobiops,xanthorhinica,,,,,"Hoese & Randall, 1982", 193187,Eviota rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,rubra,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 1999","This species may be synonymous with Eviota susanae (Randall 2005); however as these two species have very different morphology and depth ranges, more research is needed to confirm this." 193188,Luposicya lupus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luposicya,lupus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 193189,Pleurosicya mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,mossambica,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 193191,Asterropteryx semipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Asterropteryx,semipunctata,,,,,"Rüppell, 1830", 193192,Valenciennea randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,randalli,,,,,"Hoese & Larson, 1994", 193194,Amblyeleotris fontanesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,fontanesii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 193195,Lotilia graciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lotilia,graciliosa,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1960","Shibukawa et al. (2012) reviewed the genus Lotilia and determined that the true L. graciliosa is restricted to the Red Sea. The species widely distributed in the western Pacific was described as a new species, L. klausewitzi." 193196,Trimma annosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,annosum,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2003", 193199,Gladiogobius ensifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gladiogobius,ensifer,,,,,"Herre, 1933", 193200,Priolepis inhaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,inhaca,,,,,"(Smith, 1949)", 193201,Amblyeleotris periophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,periophthalma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 193202,Oplopomus oplopomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oplopomus,oplopomus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 193203,Valenciennea parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,parva,,,,,"Hoese & Larson, 1994", 193204,Trimma taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,taylori,,,,,"Lobel, 1979","An in depth analysis of the various populations of this species has not been undertaken, and it remains possible or even probable that more than one species are masquerading under this name (Winterbottom and Hoese 2015)." 193205,Palutrus reticularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Palutrus,reticularis,,,,,"Smith, 1959",This is considered to be a junior synonym of Palutrus scapulopunctatus (H. Larson pers. comm. 2015). The entire genus is in great need of revision. 193206,Cryptocentrus strigilliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,strigilliceps,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 193209,Vanderhorstia ornatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanderhorstia,ornatissima,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 193212,Trimma preclarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,preclarum,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2006", 193213,Istigobius ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Istigobius,ornatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 193214,Palutrus pruinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Palutrus,pruinosa,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)",The taxonomy within this genus is in need of revision. 193215,Eviota disrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,disrupta,,,,,"Karnella & Lachner, 1981", 193216,Trimma cana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,cana,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2004", 193217,Paragobiodon modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Paragobiodon,modestus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 193218,Fusigobius inframaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,inframaculatus,,,,,"(Randall, 1994)", 193219,Amblygobius phalaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,phalaena,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 193220,Bathygobius meggitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,meggitti,,,,,"(Hora & Mukerji, 1936)", 193221,Cabillus tongarevae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cabillus,tongarevae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1927)", 193222,Gobiodon axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,axillaris,,,,,"De Vis, 1884", 193223,Feia nympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Feia,nympha,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 193224,Amblyeleotris steinitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,steinitzi,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1974)", 193226,Discordipinna griessingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Discordipinna,griessingeri,,,,,"Hoese & Fourmanoir, 1978", 193227,Asterropteryx spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Asterropteryx,spinosa,,,,,"(Goren, 1981)", 193228,Eviota monostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,monostigma,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1971", 193229,Macrodontogobius wilburi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Macrodontogobius,wilburi,,,,,"Herre, 1936", 193230,Fusigobius humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,humeralis,,,,,"(Randall, 2001)", 193231,Sicyopus nigriradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopus,nigriradiatus,,,,,"Parenti & Maciolek, 1993", 193234,Amblyeleotris yanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,yanoi,,,,,"Aonuma & Yoshino, 1996", 193235,Eviota latifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,latifasciata,,,,,"Jewett & Lachner, 1983", 193237,Eviota melasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,melasma,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1980", 193238,Amblyeleotris wheeleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,wheeleri,,,,,"(Polunin and Lubbock, 1977)", 193239,Stiphodon percnopterygionus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,percnopterygionus,,,,,"Watson & Chen, 1998", 193240,Amblygobius decussatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,decussatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 193241,Trimma nomurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,nomurai,,,,,"Suzuki & Senou, 2007", 193242,Kelloggella quindecimfasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Kelloggella,quindecimfasciata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1946)",There is potential confusion with Kelloggella oligolepis (H. Larson pers. comm. 2015). 193244,Ctenogobiops feroculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobiops,feroculus,,,,,"Lubbock & Polunin, 1977", 193245,Eviota nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,nebulosa,,,,,"Smith, 1958", 193246,Eviota sparsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,sparsa,,,,,"Jewett & Lachner, 1983", 193247,Priolepis compita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,compita,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1985", 193248,Cryptocentrus maudae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,maudae,,,,,"Fowler, 1937", 193250,Pleurosicya coerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,coerulea,,,,,"Larson, 1990", 193251,Bryaninops tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,tigris,,,,,"Larson, 1985", 193253,Callogobius plumatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,plumatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 193255,Eviota albolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,albolineata,,,,,"Jewett & Lachner, 1983","This species is replaced by Eviota guttata in the Indian and west Pacific and as far east as Fiji (Greenfield and Randall 2010)." 193256,Istigobius spence,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Istigobius,spence,,,,,"(Smith, 1947)", 193257,Bryaninops natans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,natans,,,,,"Larson, 1985", 193272,Rypticus saponaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,saponaceus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 193425,Callulina hanseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,hanseni,,,,,"Loader, Gower, Müller & Menegon, 2010","Populations of Callulina from the Nguru Mountains were historically assigned to C. kreffti, as then understood a widespread East African montane species and the sole member of the genus. Menegon et al. (2008) recognized four distinct species among Nguru Mountains Callulina, two of which have since been formally described (Loader et al. 2010). One of these, C. kanga, appears to be restricted to the Kanga Forest Reserve (Menegon et al. 2008, Loader et al. 2010). The remaining three species are confined to blocks within the Nguru South Forest Reserve (Menegon et al. 2008, Loader et al. 2010). The name C. hanseni refers to ""Callulina sp. 2"" of these authors (Loader et al. 2010); the remaining populations are included within the Red List account for C. kreffti pending further research." 193426,Callulina kanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,kanga,,,,,"Loader, Gower, Müller & Menegon, 2010","This species, first recorded in 2004, was first reported in the literature by Menegon et al. (2008), who listed it as ""Callulina sp. 4""; it was also referred to as such, referencing this then-unpublished paper, in the technical report by Doggart and Loserian (2007).  Populations of Callulina from the nearby Nguru South Forest Reserve, now found to represent three distinct species, were originally included within the presumed widespread, monotypic C. kreffti (Loader et al. 2010). In contrast, the Kanga Forest Reserve form appears never to have been explicitly included within this species concept, having only been discovered after doubts arose concerning the monophyly of C. kreffti (de Sá et al. 2004)." 193427,Callulina laphami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,laphami,,,,,"Loader, Gower, Ngalason & Menegon, 2010","This species was previously included within Callulina kreffti, formerly considered to be a monotypic species widespread throughout the Eastern Arc Mountains. (Loader et al. 2010)." 193428,Callulina shengena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,shengena,,,,,"Loader, Gower, Ngalason & Menegon, 2010","This species was previously included within Callulina kreffti, formerly considered to be a monotypic species widespread throughout the Eastern Arc Mountains. (Loader et al. 2010)." 193443,Calamaria abramovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,abramovi,,,,,"Orlov, 2009", 193444,Calamaria concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,concolor,,,,,"Orlov, Truong, Tao, Ananjeva & Cuc, 2010", 193445,Calamaria gialaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,gialaiensis,,,,,"Ziegler, Sang & Truong, 2009", 193446,Calamaria sangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,sangi,,,,,"Nguyen, Koch & Ziegler, 2009", 193447,Oligodon deuvei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,deuvei,,,,,"David, Vogel & van Rooijen, 2008","This snake is a member of the Oligodon taeniatus group, and prior to its description had been confused with the nominate species (David et al. 2008). Confusion may also be possible with the similar O. barroni and with O. mouhoti, since at least one known specimen exhibits patterning closely resembling the latter species (David et al. 2008).
" 193449,Colubroelaps nguyenvansangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Colubroelaps,nguyenvansangi,,,,,"Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Nguyen & Nguyen, 2009", 193454,Sibynophis chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,chinensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1889)", 193463,Acentrogobius janthinopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,janthinopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 193467,Asterropteryx senoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Asterropteryx,senoui,,,,,"Shibukawa & Suzuki, 2007","This species is often confused with Asterropteryx spinosa." 193471,Eviota shimadai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,shimadai,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 2010", 193472,Eviota winterbottomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,winterbottomi,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 2010", 193481,Tryssogobius colini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tryssogobius,colini,,,,,"Larson & Hoese, 2001", 193598,Takifugu vermicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,vermicularis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","This species is sometimes referred to as Takifugu vermicularis radiatus  in the literature." 193599,Arothron caeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,caeruleopunctatus,,,,,"Matsuura, 1994","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986). Arothron caeruleopunctatus was described on the basis of four specimens in 1994 (Matsuura 1994).

" 193600,Leiodon dapsilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Leiodon,dapsilis,,,,,"(Whitley, 1943)",The taxonomy of this species should be revised (G. Hardy pers comm. 2011). 193601,Canthigaster flavoreticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,flavoreticulata,,,,,"Matsuura, 1986","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193602,Takifugu bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)",The economically important genus Takifugu has been recommended for further taxonomic studies based on morphological and molecular analyses (Yamanoue et al. 2008) 193605,Takifugu chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,chinensis,,,,,"(Abe, 1949)","Several genetic experiments have suggested that Takifugu chinensis and T. rubripes are very closely related and can possibly be regarded as the same species (Reza et al. 2011). In China, T. chinensis is considered to be a junior synonym of Takifugu pseudommus. However, differences in the anal fin color of these two species makes it unlikely that they are the same species (Matsuura pers. comm. 2011). Skull structure of the two species is identical, however, and therefore further taxonomic studies are required. The economically important genus Takifugu has been recommended for further taxonomic studies based on morphological and molecular analyses (Yamanoue et al. 2008). We accept the taxonomic validity of T. chinensis." 193607,Arothron manilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,manilensis,,,,,"(Marion de Procé, 1822)","Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986).

Arothron immaculatus and A. manilensis are similar species which overlap in their geographic distributions (Randall 1985). " 193611,Sphoeroides parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,parvus,,,,,"Shipp & Yerger, 1969","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 193612,Takifugu rubripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,rubripes,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","Although this species is validated in the Catalog of Fishes, molecular data gathered from analysis of mitochondria and nuclear DNA strongly indicated that T. rubripes and T. pseudommus should be regarded as the same species (Song et al. 2001)." 193613,Arothron carduus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,carduus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive color patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986).

" 193614,Torquigener vicinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,vicinus,,,,,"Whitley, 1930", 193620,Sphoeroides andersonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,andersonianus,,,,,"Morrow, 1957","Sphoeroides andersonianus was originally described in 1957 after an examination of several small specimens. After a re-examination of the S. andersonianus type material and a comparison with S. sechurae specimens, Walker Jr. and Bussing considered S. andersonianus to be a synonym of S. sechurae (Walker Jr. and Bussing 1996). The genus Sphoeroides was found to be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)" 193621,Torquigener hypselogeneion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,hypselogeneion,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 193622,Lagocephalus spadiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,spadiceus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","

Puffers of the genus Lagocephalus are globally distributed in warm shallow waters. However classification at the species level in Lagocephalus has not yet been studied in depth, causing confusion in the status of several species including L. cheesemanii, L. gloveri, L. spadiceus, and L. wheeleri (Matsuura et al. 2011).

Lagocephalus wheeleri is considered a junior synonym of L. spadiceus (Matsuura pers. comm. 2014).

" 193623,Canthigaster papua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,papua,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1848)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Canthigaster papua was previously classified as a color morph of C. solandri (Allen and Randall 1977)." 193624,Takifugu reticularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,reticularis,,,,,"(Tien, Cheng & Wang, 1975)", 193628,Lagocephalus suezensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,suezensis,,,,,"Clark & Gohar, 1953","Some authors have placed this species in the genus Pleuranacanthus (Su and Li 2002). Puffers of the genus Lagocephalus are globally distributed in warm shallow marine waters, however classification at the species level in Lagocephalus has not yet been studied in depth and there is confusion in the status of several species including L. cheesemanii, L. gloveri, L. spadiceus, and L. wheeleri (Matsuura et al. 2011)." 193630,Sphoeroides spengleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,spengleri,,,,,"(Bloch, 1785)", 193632,Sphoeroides greeleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,greeleyi,,,,,"Gilbert, 1900","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 193636,Torquigener pleurogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,pleurogramma,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 193637,Torquigener andersonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,andersonae,,,,,"Hardy, 1983", 193638,Pelagocephalus marki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pelagocephalus,marki,,,,,"Heemstra & Smith, 1981", 193641,Takifugu coronoidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,coronoidus,,,,,"Ni & Li, 1992", 193642,Canthigaster axiologus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,axiologus,,,,,"Whitley, 1931","Canthigaster axiologus was formally described in 2008 (Randall et al. 2008).

The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193644,Chilomycterus antennatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Chilomycterus,antennatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 193646,Acanthostracion polygonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Acanthostracion,polygonius,,,,,"Poey, 1876", 193647,Acanthostracion quadricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Acanthostracion,quadricornis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 193654,Takifugu plagiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,plagiocellatus,,,,,"Li, 2002","This species was described in 2002, and little information exists about it." 193655,Canthigaster margaritata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,margaritata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193656,Canthigaster bennetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,bennetti,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193659,Takifugu exascurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,exascurus,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 193660,Torquigener gloerfelti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,gloerfelti,,,,,"Hardy, 1984", 193661,Tetractenos glaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetractenos,glaber,,,,,"(Fréminville, 1813)", 193662,Arothron meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,meleagris,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1798)","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986). Arothron meleagris colour morphs are similar to those of A. nigropunctatus (Su and Tyler 1986).

" 193663,Canthigaster jactator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,jactator,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1901)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Using a number of nuclear and mitochondrial markers, Alfaro et al. (2007) detected almost no difference between the Hawaiian C. jactator and the Indo-Pacific C. janthinoptera." 193664,Lagocephalus lunaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,lunaris,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 193666,Takifugu flavidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,flavidus,,,,,"(Li, Wang & Wang, 1975)", 193667,Takifugu porphyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,porphyreus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 193669,Canthigaster compressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,compressa,,,,,"(Marion de Procé, 1822)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193670,Torquigener paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,paxtoni,,,,,"Hardy, 1983", 193671,Arothron mappa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,mappa,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986).

" 193672,Torquigener parcuspinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,parcuspinus,,,,,"Hardy, 1983", 193675,Canthigaster amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,amboinensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1864)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193676,Omegophora armilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Omegophora,armilla,,,,,"(Waite & McCulloch, 1915)", 193677,Feroxodon multistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Feroxodon,multistriatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1854)", 193678,Torquigener pallimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,pallimaculatus,,,,,"Hardy, 1983", 193679,Sphoeroides georgemilleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,georgemilleri,,,,,"Shipp, 1972","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 193680,Takifugu variomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,variomaculatus,,,,,"Li & Kuang, 2002", 193685,Reicheltia halsteadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Reicheltia,halsteadi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1957)", 193686,Marilyna pleurosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Marilyna,pleurosticta,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 193689,Torquigener randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,randalli,,,,,"Hardy, 1983", 193691,Canthigaster capistrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,capistrata,,,,,"(Lowe, 1839)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193693,Takifugu pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,pardalis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 193695,Canthigaster natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,natalensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193696,Takifugu chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,chrysops,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1879)",The economically important genus Takifugu has been recommended for further taxonomic studies based on morphological and molecular analyses (Yamanoue et al. 2008) 193697,Canthigaster pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,pygmaea,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1977","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193698,Sphoeroides tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,tyleri,,,,,"Shipp, 1972","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 193699,Arothron hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,hispidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species has been occasionally misidentified as Arothron reticularis (Randall, in litt.). Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler, 1986).

" 193700,Balistes punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Balistes,punctatus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 193701,Torquigener marleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,marleyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1929", 193702,Canthigaster investigatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,investigatoris,,,,,"(Annandale & Jenkins, 1910)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

This species is known on the basis of two syntypes dredged at 100 meters off the Andaman Islands, in the Indian Ocean." 193703,Torquigener flavimaculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,flavimaculosus,,,,,"Hardy & Randall, 1983", 193704,Torquigener altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,altipinnis,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1891)", 193705,Canthigaster rivulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,rivulata,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193706,Canthigaster marquesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,marquesensis,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1977","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193709,Canthigaster callisterna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,callisterna,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1889)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193711,Canthigaster smithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,smithae,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1977","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)" 193712,Arothron stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,stellatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986).

" 193716,Arothron reticularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,reticularis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Arothron reticularis has been occasionally misidentified as Arothron hispidus (Randall, in litt.).

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986)." 193717,Lagocephalus inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,inermis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","

The genus Lagocephalus is undergoing ongoing taxonomic work (K. Matsuura pers. comm 2014). Some authors have suggested that this species be placed in the new genus Laeviphysus Li on the basis of unique morphological features which separate it from its congeners in the genera Gastrophusus, Lagocephalus, Stenocephalus and Pleuranacanthus (Su and Li 2002).

" 193718,Lagocephalus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,guentheri,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1915","This species has been confused with Lagocephalus spadiceus and Lagocephalus gloveri by previous authors. Ongoing taxonomic work indicate that this is a valid species (Matsuura et al. 2011).
" 193721,Tetraodon implutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,implutus,,,,,"Jenyns, 1842","This species is known only in type specimens from Cocos (Keeling), collected in the 1830s. Taxonomic status of this species is uncertain but it is very unlikely to belong in the genus Tetraodon, the species of which are normally found in fresh and brackish water habitats which are lacking in Cocos (Keeling)." 193722,Arothron diadematus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,diadematus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986).

" 193723,Canthigaster ocellicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,ocellicincta,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1977","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

This species is valid as Canthigaster ocellicincta (Catalog of Fishes), however, C. ocellicinctus and C. ocellatus are used in the literature and in museum collections to refer to this species." 193725,Canthigaster jamestyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,jamestyleri,,,,,"Moura & Castro, 2002","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193730,Polyspina piosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Polyspina,piosae,,,,,"(Whitley, 1955)", 193733,Canthigaster epilampra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,epilampra,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193734,Chelonodontops pleurospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Chelonodontops,pleurospilus,,,,,"(Regan, 1919)", 193735,Torquigener hicksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,hicksi,,,,,"Hardy, 1983", 193737,Lagocephalus cheesemanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,cheesemanii,,,,,"(Clarke, 1897)",
 193741,Torquigener perlevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,perlevis,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1908)", 193743,Sphoeroides nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,nitidus,,,,,"Griffin, 1921","This species may be a synonym of Lagocephalus lagocephalus (Mastuura pers. comm. 2011) but this requires confirmation." 193745,Hollardia hollardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TRIACANTHODIDAE,Hollardia,hollardi,,,,,"Poey, 1861", 193746,Arothron leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,leopardus,,,,,"(Day, 1878)","

The origin of the name Arothron leopardus is unclear; it appears to be based on a specimen collected from Madras, India, by Francis Day in the late 1878. This specimen is currently housed as Tetrodon leopardus in the Australian Museum. It is likely a synonym of A. stellatus (K. Matsuura pers. comm. 2014).

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive color patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986)." 193749,Canthigaster coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,coronata,,,,,"(Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Canthigaster coronata, formally ranging from Hawaii and Tonga to the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea, was recently split into three species (Randall et al. 2008). C. coronata is endemic to Hawaii." 193750,Dichotomyctere fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Dichotomyctere,fluviatilis,,,,,(Hamilton 1822), 193751,Canthigaster cyanetron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,cyanetron,,,,,"Randall & Cea Egaña, 1989","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193753,Canthigaster supramacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,supramacula,,,,,"Moura & Castro, 2002","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Genetic analysis revealed no difference between three similar Atlantic species, C. rostrata, C. figueiredoi, and C. supramacula (L.A. Rocha, unpublished data)." 193758,Ephippion guttifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Ephippion,guttifer,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)", 193759,Sphoeroides dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,dorsalis,,,,,"Longley, 1934","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 193760,Torquigener squamicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,squamicauda,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1910)", 193762,Sphoeroides nephelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,nephelus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1882)","Due to morphological variation in colouration and prickles throughout its range, S. nephelus has been frequently misidentified (Shipp and Yerger 1969). The taxonomic status of populations from northern South America to Brazil remain uncertain. The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 193766,Canthigaster janthinoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,janthinoptera,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Alfaro et al. (2007) detected almost no difference between the Hawaiian C. jactator (Jenkins) and the Indo-Pacific C. janthinoptera (Bleeker)." 193767,Acanthostracion guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Acanthostracion,guineensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1865)", 193768,Acanthostracion notacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Acanthostracion,notacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 193769,Tylerius spinosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tylerius,spinosissimus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 193771,Sphoeroides marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,marmoratus,,,,,"(Lowe, 1838)", 193772,Takifugu stictonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,stictonotus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 193775,Canthigaster solandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,solandri,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)" 193779,Takifugu snyderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,snyderi,,,,,"(Abe, 1988)", 193780,Canthigaster punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,punctata,,,,,"Matsuura, 1992","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193781,Takifugu basilevskianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,basilevskianus,,,,,"Basilewsky, 1855","The taxonomic status of this species is doubtful (K. Matsuura pers. comm. 2011). Molecular analyses of the whole mitochondrial genome of the genus Takifugu revealed that the genetic differences between T. basilevskiannus, T. pseudommus, T. chinensis, and T. rubripes are not significantly different from the genetic differences between individuals within the species T. basilevskiannus, reinforcing the need for further taxonomic studies of the genus using molecular and morphological techniques (Yamanoue et al. 2008)." 193782,Torquigener whitleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,whitleyi,,,,,"(Paradice, 1927)", 193784,Tetractenos hamiltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetractenos,hamiltoni,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 193785,Marilyna darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Marilyna,darwinii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1873)", 193786,Arothron inconditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,inconditus,,,,,"Smith, 1958","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986).

" 193787,Javichthys kailolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Javichthys,kailolae,,,,,"Hardy, 1985", 193788,Torquigener florealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,florealis,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 193789,Takifugu alboplumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,alboplumbeus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","The economically important genus Takifugu has been recommended for further taxonomic studies based on morphological and molecular analyses (Yamanoue et al. 2008), and we support this recommendation." 193792,Contusus richei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Contusus,richei,,,,,"(Fréminville, 1813)","This species is referred to as Uranostoma richei in some of the literature used to construct this assessment. Please see Hardy 1981 for description of Contusus richei." 193793,Canthigaster rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,rostrata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Genetic analysis revealed no difference between three similar Atlantic species, C. rostrata, C. figueiredoi, and C. supramacula (L.A. Rocha, unpublished data)." 193796,Canthigaster valentini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,valentini,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","

The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

" 193799,Canthigaster cyanospilota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,cyanospilota,,,,,"Randall, Williams & Rocha, 2008","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008).

Canthigaster cyanospilota was recently split from C. coronata and occupies a range from the Indian Ocean and Red Sea (type locality, Gulf of Aqaba) (Randall et al. 2008)." 193802,Canthigaster sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)" 193803,Omegophora cyanopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Omegophora,cyanopunctata,,,,,"Hardy & Hutchins, 1981", 193804,Arothron nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,nigropunctatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colourpatterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986). Arothron nigropunctatus colour morphs are similar to those of A. meleagris (Su and Tyler 1986).

" 193805,Arothron immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,immaculatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colour patterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986). Arothron immaculatus and A. manilensis are morphologically similar species which share a large portion of their geographic range (Randall 1985).


" 193809,Takifugu pseudommus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,pseudommus,,,,,"(Chu, 1935)", 193810,Takifugu oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,oblongus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)", 193813,Sphoeroides testudineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,testudineus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 193815,Chilomycterus antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Chilomycterus,antillarum,,,,,"Jordan & Rutter, 1897","Some Brazilian specimens of Chilomycterus antillarum are intermediate in colour between the crisp, dark hexagonal pattern typical of the species and the dark background with vague lighter spots typical of C. spinosus spinosus. The significance of this is unknown, and further investigation is required (Leis 2006)." 193820,Canthigaster tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,tyleri,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1977","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/colour differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 193822,Arothron firmamentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Arothron,firmamentum,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","The scientific name Arothron hispidus has been mistakenly used to refer to this species in some literature (Williams et al. 2004).

Species of the genus Arothron have been distinguished primarily on the basis of their distinctive colourpatterns due to morphological similarities between species, however it is important to note that many species are highly polychromatic (Su and Tyler 1986)." 193892,Akysis fuliginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,fuliginatus,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2005",This species was described from the Mekong River in Cambodia (Ng and Rainboth 2005). 193893,Akysis clinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,clinatus,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2005","This species was described from the Stung Chhay, which is a river on the western slope of the Chaîne des Cardamones in southwest Cambodia (Ng & Rainboth 2005)." 193895,Akysis maculipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,maculipinnis,,,,,"Fowler, 1934",This species was described from Chantaburi in southeastern Thailand (Fowler 1934). 193933,Atratothemis reelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Atratothemis,reelsi,,,,,"Wilson, 2005",The species was described from a male specimen only. 193971,Pseudobagarius nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,nitidus,,,,,"(Ng & Rainboth, 2005)",This species was described as a species of Akysis in the A. pseudobagarius group from the Mekong River just downstream of Khone Falls in southern Lao PDR (Ng and Rainboth 2005). Ferraris (2007) subsequently assigned this species and all other members of the A. pseudobagarius group to the genus Pseudobagarius. 193972,Pseudobagarius hardmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,hardmani,,,,,"(Ng & Sabaj Pérez, 2005)",This species was described as a species of Akysis in the A. pseudobagarius group from the Chao Phraya River drainage in central Thailand (Ng and Sabaj 2005). Ferraris (2007) subsequently assigned this species and all other members of the A. pseudobagarius group to the genus Pseudobagarius. 193973,Pseudobagarius filifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,filifer,,,,,"(Ng & Rainboth, 2005)",This species was described as a species of Akysis in the A. pseudobagarius group from the Tonlé Sap in Cambodia (Ng & Rainboth 2005).  Ferraris (2007) subsequently assigned this species and all other members of the A. pseudobagarius group to the genus Pseudobagarius. 193974,Akysis portellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,portellus,,,,,"Ng, 2009", 194046,Opisthotropis cheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,cheni,,,,,"Zhao, 1999", 194054,Opisthotropis cucae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,cucae,,,,,"David, Cuong, Truong & Ziegler, 2011", 194059,Trimeresurus cantori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,cantori,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)", 194061,Trimeresurus labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,labialis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867", 194083,Calotes nemoricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,nemoricola,,,,,"Jerdon, 1853","

Calotes nemoricola was first described by Jerdon in 1853 based on specimens collected from Coonoor Ghat, Nilgiri Hills, Western Ghats, India (Smith 1935).

" 194084,Salea anamallayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Salea,anamallayana,,,,,"(Beddome, 1878)","Salea anamallayana was first described by Beddome in 1878 as Lophosalea anamallayana based on specimens collected from Anaimalai Hills, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu (Smith 1935)." 194085,Emblemariopsis arawak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,arawak,,,,,"Victor, 2010",Emblemariopsis arawak was recently described as a distinct species from Emblemariopsis signifer (Victor 2010). 194086,Salea gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Salea,gularis,,,,,"Jerdon, 1853","Both the identity of this species and its appropriate generic assignment are unclear, as it is known only from the original description, no surviving specimens are known to exist, and multiple authors have suggested that characters described for this species are more consistent with Calotes than with Salea (Das et al. 2019). These authors note that there are consequently only two ""true"" members of this genus, S. anamallayana and S. horsfieldii." 194089,Coluber bholanathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,bholanathi,,,,,"Sharma, 1976","

Coluber bholanathi was described by Sharma in 1976 based on three specimens (one male and two females) collected from Nagarjuna Hill, Andhra Pradesh (Sharma 1976, Srinivasulu and Das 2008). Additional work is needed on this species to validate its taxonomic placement with respect to Coluber gracilis.

" 194093,Cnemaspis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,australis,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007","Cnemaspis australis was described by Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuvita and Pethiyagoda in 2007 based on type specimen from Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India (Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007). The holotype is a syntype of C. tropidogaster, a taxon now understood to be endemic to Sri Lanka. Following recent clarification of the species concept for C. tropidogaster, research is needed to establish its relationship to Indian taxa and to verify the validity of C. australis." 194094,Cnemaspis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,gracilis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","

Cnemaspis gracilis was first described based on specimens collected from Palghat Hills in Madras Presidency (presently Palakkad Hills, Kerala, India) (Beddome 1870). C. gracilis has been synonymized with C. kandiana previously (see Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007). Though Deraniyagala in 1932 considered the taxon gracilis as a subspecies of the taxon kandiana, Smith (1935) opined that it differed from kandiana in its scalation pattern, in having the subdigital lamellae being smaller and the postmentals being usually in contact (Smith 1935).  Despite the fact that diagnostic differences between C. gracilis and its congeners have been identified (Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007), there remain taxonomic problems in the C. kandiana complex as a whole.

" 194095,Cnemaspis monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,monticola,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007","Cnemaspis monticola was first described by Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuvita and Pethiyagoda in 2007 based on type specimen from Wynaad, Kerala, India (Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007). The holotype and paratypes are syntypes of C. tropidogaster, a taxon now understood to be endemic to Sri Lanka.  Following recent clarification of the species concept for C. tropidogaster, research is needed to establish its relationship to Indian taxa and to verify the validity of C. monticola.  The three known specimens are all females and thus the diagnostically important condition of precloacal/femoral pores cannot be evaluated." 194096,Cnemaspis mysoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,mysoriensis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1853)","Cnemaspis mysoriensis was described by Jerdon in 1853 based on specimens collected from Bangalore, Karnataka, India (Smith 1935, Giri et al. 2009).  The holotype is missing and a neotype was designated by Giri et al. (2009)." 194098,Cnemaspis otai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,otai,,,,,"Das & Bauer, 2000","Cnemaspis otai was described based on specimens collected from Vellore, Tamil Nadu (Das and Bauer 2000)." 194103,Hemidactylus aaronbaueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,aaronbaueri,,,,,"Giri, 2008","Hemidactylus aaronbaueri was described by Giri in 2008 basing on specimens collected from Ghatghar, Junnar Taluk, Pune District, Maharashtra, India (Giri 2008).  Specimens from within the range of H. aaronbaueri have previously been referred to as H. giganteus (A. Bauer pers. comm. March 2011)." 194104,Hemidactylus albofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,albofasciatus,,,,,"Grandison & Soman, 1963","Hemidactylus albofasciatus was described by Grandison and Soman in 1963 based on specimens collected from Dorle, Rajapur taluk, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, India (Grandison and Soman 1963). This species was included in the genus Teratolepis (Kluge 2001, Das 2003), presumably based on the presence of enlarged scales on the tail and narrow digital lamellae. However, a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis by Bauer et al. (2008, 2010) and Bansal and Karanth (2010) reveals that Teratolepis is embedded within the tropical Asian clade of Hemidactylus." 194106,Hemidactylus bowringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,bowringii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","Hemidactylus bowringii was first described as Doryura bowringii by Gray in 1845 based on specimens reportedly collected from Hong Kong or its neighbourhood (Smith 1935). A taxonomic evaluation of the bowringii group in Myanmar and adjacent Yunnan (McMahan and Zug 2007) precipitated a re-evaluation of Indian ""H. bowringii"", and subsequently these populations were reallocated to Hemidactylus aquilonius by Purkayastha et al. (2010), restricting H. bowringi to China and adjacent areas. McMahan and Zug (2007) proposed a provisional arrangement in which the name Hemidactylus bowringii applies to a taxon found ""from eastern Indochina through southern China to Taiwan and the Ryukyus"". These authors caution however that several nomenclatural issues remain to be resolved in order to ascertain whether this is the taxon to which the name H. bowringii properly refers. MacMahan and Zug (2007) suggest that the name Hemidactylus berdmorei, presently a junior synonym of H. bowringi, may be available for a taxon from Tanintharyi should this prove to be specifically distinct from H. bowringii group populations in central and northern Myanmar. Subsequent work involving ""many weeks of survey"" in north-central and southern Tanintharyi has not recorded bowringii group geckos, leading G. Zug (pers. comm. 2018) to conclude that H. berdmorei should be treated as a nomen dubium." 194108,Hemidactylus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,gracilis,,,,,"Blanford, 1870","Hemidactylus gracilis was described by Blanford in 1871 based on specimens collected from southeast Berar and Raipur in Central Province (now in Chhattisgarh) (Smith 1935)." 194109,Hemidactylus gujaratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,gujaratensis,,,,,"Giri, Bauer, Vyas & Patil, 2009", 194113,Hemidactylus treutleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,treutleri,,,,,"Mahony, 2009","Hemidactylus treutleri was described by Mahony (2009) based on specimens collected from Golconda Fort, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. This species was recognized as a distinct taxon from other members of the Hemidactylus brookii complex (Mahony 2009)." 194114,Hemidactylus triedrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,triedrus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","Indian populations of H. triedrus are known to exhibit high genetic diversity (Bansal and Karanth 2010), and a taxonomic review of this species was conducted by Mirza et al. (2018). These authors described H. sahgali and H. whitakeri, and redescribed H. triedrus.

Mahony (2011) argued that H. subtriedrus is a nomen dubium and a junior subjective synonym of H. triedrus, and this scheme is followed here.

Hemidactylus lankae has previously been treated as a subspecies of Hemidactylus triedrus, but based on levels of genetic divergence, Bauer et al. (2010) proposed elevating it to species level. Mirza et al. (2018), noting that the types of H. lankae have been lost and the description is inadequate, proposed regarding this name as a nomen dubium pending a full examination of Sri Lankan material. These authors included a sequence of ""H. lankae"" in their phylogeny and found that it formed a clade with H. triedrus sensu stricto, but it is not clear that either their sequence or that of Bauer et al. (2010) represents ""true"" H. lankae and the identity of this taxon remains unknown. Morphological variation within Sri Lankan subpopulations suggests that more than one taxon may be included in the present concept of H. lankae, possibly including an undescribed species from northern islands, and that true H. triedrus may range into the northern province of Sri Lanka (Somaweera and Somaweera 2009).

For the purposes of this assessment, Sri Lankan populations are retained within H. triedrus and H. lankae is considered a junior synonym pending resolution of taxonomic issues within this group." 194115,Eutropis allapallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,allapallensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1926)","Mabuya allapallensis was described based on specimens collected from Allapally, near Chanda, Chandrapur district, Maharashtra (Schmidt 1926). Smith (1935) considered M. allapallensis to be a variant of M. macularia, which it closely resembles, but was subsequently revalidated by Sharma (1969).  Following revision of the genus Mabuya by Mausfeld et al. (2002), this taxon is presently included within the genus Eutropis Fitzinger, 1843." 194117,Eutropis trivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,trivittata,,,,,"(Hardwicke & Gray, 1827)","Tiliqua trivittata was originally described by Hardwicke & Gray in 1827 based on drawings by Hardwicke of specimens collected from Dum Dum, West Bengal, India (Smith 1935). Following revision of the genus Mabuya by Mausfeld et al. (2002) this taxon is presently included within Eutropis Fitzinger 1843." 194118,Lygosoma albopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,albopunctata,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","Riopa albopunctata was described by Gray in 1846 based on specimen from ""Madras"", India (Smith 1935). Greer (1977) subsequently synonymized Riopa within Lygosoma. Ganesh (2017) noted that Lygosoma is neuter rather than feminine, and that the correct specific epithet for this species is albopunctatum rather than the widely-used albopunctata." 194121,Lygosoma goaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,goaensis,,,,,"(Sharma, 1976)","Lygosoma goaensis was described by Sharma (1976) based on specimens collected from Goa. A recent record from a site in Maharashtra is considered to represent this species, however, taxonomic work is required to clarify this, as this record might instead represent an undescribed species." 194122,Lygosoma vosmaeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,vosmaeri,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)","This species, as Hagria vosmaeri, was described by Gray in 1839 based on speciemens from ""Java"", later corrected to Bengal, India (Smith 1935, Seetharamaraju et al. 2009). It has been noted that this species differs from Lygosoma lineata by only a single, variable character (Boulenger 1887), and as such research is needed to verify whether L. vosmaeri is a valid species." 194123,Ristella guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ristella,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","Ristella guentheri was described by Boulenger in 1887 based on specimens collected from Sirimalai Hills, Madura district, India (Smith 1935). Records of this species from sites east of Palani (Sirimalai) may represent a different species from those from the western slopes of the Western Ghats." 194124,Sepsophis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sepsophis,punctatus,,,,,"Beddome, 1870", 194247,Glyptothorax horai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,horai,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 194267,Hemidactylus graniticolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,graniticolus,,,,,"Agarwal, Giri & Bauer, 2011","Deraniyagala (1937) erected the subspecies Hemidactylus maculatus hunae based on a holotype from Sri Lanka, and assigned material from South India to this new form. Agarwal et al. (2011) described H. graniticolus based on six of these South Indian specimens, restricting H. hunae (elevated to a full species by Bauer et al. 2010) to Sri Lanka, the remaining Indian material being found to represent H. maculatus." 194289,Aphareus furca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Aphareus,furca,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 194298,Albula argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,argentea,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","The nomenclature of the bonefish family Albulidae is currently in a state of revision. Until recently, bonefish were considered to be comprised of two species, the circumglobal Albula vulpes and the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Albula nemoptera; however, new molecular genetic information indicates that there are at least eight morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically distinct species (Colborn et al. 2001). Wallace and Tringali (2010) have recently found nine distinct species. Randall and Bauchot (1999) make a compelling argument that A. neoguinaica is a junior synonym of A. forsteri. Colborn et al. (2001) do not list A. forsteri;  this species is referred to as A. neoguinaica. Eschmeyer currently lists A. forsteri and A. neoguinaica as synonyms of Albula argentea (Forster 1801)." 194299,Albula glossodonta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,glossodonta,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","The nomenclature of the bonefish family Albulidae is currently in a state of revision. Until recently, bonefish were considered to be comprised of two species, the circumglobal Albula vulpes and the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Albula nemoptera; however, new molecular genetic information indicates that there are at least eight morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically distinct species (Colborn et al. 2001). Wallace and Tringali (2010) have recently found nine distinct species. The few treatments of fisheries in this region are assumed to be A. glossodonta. Albula glossodonta has been found to be the sister species of A. vulpes (Bowen et al. 2008).  Pacific and Indian Ocean populations are distinct (Colborn et al. 2001). Friedlander et al. (2008) found genetic differences between populations in the Line Islands and Hawaii." 194301,Albula oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,oligolepis,,,,,"Hidaka, Iwatsuki & Randall, 2008","The nomenclature of the bonefish family Albulidae is currently in a state of revision. Until recently, bonefish were considered to be comprised of two species, the circumglobal Albula vulpes and the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Albula nemoptera; however, new molecular genetic information indicates that there are at least eight morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically distinct species (Colborn et al. 2001). Wallace and Tringali (2010) have recently found nine distinct species.

This newly-described species is part of an Indo-Pacific species complex comprised of two additional species, Albula argentea and Albula virgata (Hidaka et al. 2008). Albula oligolepis is almost certainly the undescribed Albula sp. D in Colborn et al. (2001). There is strong population structure across its range (Colborn et al. 2001)." 194302,Albula virgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,virgata,,,,,"Jordan & Jordan, 1922","The nomenclature of the bonefish family Albulidae is currently in a state of revision. Until recently, bonefish were considered to be comprised of two species, the circumglobal Albula vulpes and the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Albula nemoptera; however, new molecular genetic information indicates that there are at least eight morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically distinct species (Colborn et al. 2001). Wallace and Tringali (2010) have recently found nine distinct species.

This species is part of the Indo-Pacific species complex, comprised of two additional species, Albula argentea and Albula oligolepis (Hidaka et al. 2008).  " 194303,Albula vulpes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,vulpes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The nomenclature of the bonefish family Albulidae is currently in a state of revision. Until recently, bonefish were considered to be comprised of two species, the circumglobal Albula vulpes and the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Albula nemoptera; however, new molecular genetic information indicates that there are at least eight morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically distinct species (Colborn et al. 2001). Wallace and Tringali (2010) have recently found nine distinct species." 194305,Pterothrissus belloci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Pterothrissus,belloci,,,,,"Cadenat, 1937", 194306,Pterothrissus gissu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Pterothrissus,gissu,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1877", 194309,Elops smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,ELOPIDAE,Elops,smithi,,,,,"McBride, Rocha, Ruiz-Carus & Bowen, 2010","Elops saurus was recently split into two largely allopatric species, E. saurus and E. smithi (McBride et al. 2010). In Florida waters, E. saurus and E. smithi may occur sympatrically at early life stages, though this does not appear to persist into the adult stage (McBride and Horodysky 2004).  E. saurus and E. smithi can be differentiated by myomere or vertebral counts;  the more northern E. saurus is characterized by a higher count while the more southern E. smithi exhibits a lower count (Smith 1989, McBride and Horodysky 2004, McBride et al. 2010). These phenotypic differences are corroborated by genetic data (McBride et al. 2010). The sequence divergence in mtDNA cytochrome b (d = 0.023-0.029) between E. smithi and E. saurus is similar to or greater than that measured between recognized species of Elops in different ocean basins (McBride et al. 2010). We recommend the vernacular name Malacho, which is already used for Elops in several countries bordering the Caribbean basin."" (McBride et al. 2010; see 'etymology')." 194313,Bolitoglossa daryorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,daryorum,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194314,Bolitoglossa eremia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,eremia,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194315,Bolitoglossa huehuetenanguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,huehuetenanguensis,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194316,Bolitoglossa kaqchikelorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,kaqchikelorum,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194317,Bolitoglossa la,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,la,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194318,Bolitoglossa ninadormida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,ninadormida,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194319,Bolitoglossa nussbaumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,nussbaumi,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194320,Bolitoglossa nympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,nympha,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194321,Bolitoglossa pacaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,pacaya,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194322,Bolitoglossa psephena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,psephena,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194324,Bolitoglossa tzultacaj,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,tzultacaj,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 194325,Bolitoglossa xibalba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,xibalba,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010",Campbell et al (2010) described the populations of Bolitoglossa hartwegi as this new species B. xibalba. 194328,Pangio longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,longimanus,,,,,Britz & Kottelat 2010, 194331,Pristipomoides filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,filamentosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 194332,Lutjanus agennes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,agennes,,,,,"Bleeker, 1863", 194333,Paracaesio waltervadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,waltervadi,,,,,"Anderson & Collette, 1992", 194334,Lutjanus russellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,russellii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)","Records of Lutjanus russelli from the Indian Ocean are now identifiable as L. indicus, a recently described species (Allen et al. 2013)." 194335,Lutjanus lutjanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,lutjanus,,,,,"Bloch, 1790",Lutjanus lutjanus has been previously reported as L. lineolatus (Randall 2005). 194336,Lipocheilus carnolabrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lipocheilus,carnolabrum,,,,,"(Chan, 1970)", 194337,Lutjanus kasmira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,kasmira,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","This species closely resembles the congener Lutjanus bengalensis, and can be easily confused (Iwatsuki et al. 1999, Barman et al. 2014, Iwatsuki et al. 2016). Lutjanus octolineatus has been misreported as this species (Iwatsuki et al. 2016)." 194338,Macolor niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Macolor,niger,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 194339,Paracaesio sordida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,sordida,,,,,"Abe & Shinohara, 1962", 194340,Lutjanus dodecacanthoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,dodecacanthoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 194341,Ocyurus chrysurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Ocyurus,chrysurus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)","Some authors suggest this species should be classified in the genus Lutjanus." 194342,Lutjanus boutton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,boutton,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)",This species has been confused with Lutjanus rufolineatus (Randall 2005). 194343,Lutjanus sebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,sebae,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 194344,Lutjanus synagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,synagris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194345,Lutjanus goreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,goreensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 194346,Lutjanus malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,malabaricus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",Some reports of this species may have been based on misidentifications of Lutjanus timoriensis. 194347,Symphorus nematophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Symphorus,nematophorus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)",This species is sometimes confused with Symphorichthys spilurus (citation send to Gina via Barry). 194348,Macolor macularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Macolor,macularis,,,,,"Fowler, 1931","This species may be more widespread than is currently described, as it is sometimes confused in the literature with Macolor niger (Anderson and Allen 2001)." 194349,Paracaesio xanthura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,xanthura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1869)","Paracaesio xanthura, a complex of variable populations, may compose a single or two (or more) species (Allen and Anderson 2001). 

[[[from White and Last 2012: Although P. pedleyi McCulloch & Waite, 1916 is currently considered a junior synonym of P. xanthura, Anderson et al. (1992) stated that they were uncertain of its status and further investigation is required to assess its validity.]]]]Rework this later." 194350,Etelis radiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Etelis,radiosus,,,,,"Anderson, 1981", 194351,Pristipomoides auricilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,auricilla,,,,,"(Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka, 1927)", 194352,Lutjanus lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,lemniscatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)",This species has been referred to as Lutjanus janthinuropterus and Lutjanus rangus (a junior synonym of Lutjanus bohar) by previous authors. 194353,Paracaesio gonzalesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,gonzalesi,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979", 194354,Lutjanus mizenkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,mizenkoi,,,,,"Allen & Talbot, 1985", 194355,Lutjanus coeruleolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,coeruleolineatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)","This species has been referred to as Lutjanus aya by previous authors, but Rivas (1966) concluded that Bodianus aya is not a lutjanid, but probably a sciaenid." 194356,Lutjanus rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,rivulatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)",Records of this species from southern Japan and Hong Kong may have been confused with Lutjanus stellatus (Akazaki 1983). 194358,Lutjanus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)","This species closely resembles the congener Lutjanus kasmira, and can be easily confused (Iwatsuki et al. 1999, Barman et al. 2014, Iwatsuki et al. 2016). It has also been confused with L. octolineatus (Iwatsuki et al. 2016)." 194360,Aphareus rutilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Aphareus,rutilans,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 194361,Parapristipomoides squamimaxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Parapristipomoides,squamimaxillaris,,,,,"(Kami, 1973)", 194363,Lutjanus bohar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,bohar,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 194364,Apsilus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Apsilus,fuscus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 194366,Pristipomoides sieboldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,sieboldii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 194367,Lutjanus lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,lunulatus,,,,,"(Park, 1797)", 194368,Pristipomoides argyrogrammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,argyrogrammicus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1832)", 194369,Lutjanus madras,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,madras,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)",The recently described L. xanthopinnis has been separated from L. madras (Iwaktsuki et al. 2015). 194370,Lutjanus fulviflamma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,fulviflamma,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 194371,Pristipomoides zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,zonatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 194373,Pinjalo lewisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pinjalo,lewisi,,,,,"Randall, Allen & Anderson, 1987", 194374,Lutjanus vitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,vitta,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","This species has been confused in the east Asian region with Lutjanus ophuysenii. Lutjanus vitta is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, except for the eastern Asian shelf. It is sympatric with L. ophuysenii in southwestern Taiwan and Hong Kong (Iwatsuki et al. 1993 - from Barry)." 194375,Lutjanus guilcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,guilcheri,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1959", 194376,Lutjanus monostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,monostigma,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 194377,Lutjanus fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,fulvus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)",The population of this species in the Marquesas Islands shows significant genetic difference from elsewhere in the Indo-West Pacific (Gaither et al. 2010). 194379,Aprion virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Aprion,virescens,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 194380,Paracaesio stonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,stonei,,,,,"Raj & Seeto, 1983", 194382,Etelis coruscans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Etelis,coruscans,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1862","The name Etelis carbunculus has been wrongly applied to this species by some previous authors, including Fischer and Bianchi (1989)." 194383,Pristipomoides typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 194384,Lutjanus carponotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,carponotatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1842)",This species has been referred to as Lutjanus chrysotaenia previously. 194385,Lutjanus gibbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,gibbus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 194386,Lutjanus rufolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,rufolineatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 194387,Pristipomoides multidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,multidens,,,,,"(Day, 1871)", 194388,Lutjanus endecacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,endecacanthus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1863",It may be a synonym of Lutjanus dentatus. 194389,Lutjanus fulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,fulgens,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 194391,Paracaesio kusakarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,kusakarii,,,,,"Abe, 1960", 194392,Lutjanus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,sanguineus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)",This species can be commonly confused with Lutjanus malabaricus. 194393,Lutjanus biguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,biguttatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 194394,Lutjanus dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,dentatus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1861)","Mesoprion retrospinis Valenciennes, 1830 may be the oldest name for this species as the original description agrees closely to that given by Delais, 1952. There are some taxonomic problems with the correct name for this species." 194398,Lutjanus semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,semicinctus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1824", 194399,Lutjanus adetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,adetii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1873)",This species has been referred to as Lutjanus amabilis by previous authors. 194400,Randallichthys filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Randallichthys,filamentosus,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1970)", 194401,Pristipomoides flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,flavipinnis,,,,,"Shinohara, 1963", 194402,Symphorichthys spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Symphorichthys,spilurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)",This species is sometimes confused with Symphorus nematophorus (citation send to Gina via Barry). 194403,Pinjalo pinjalo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pinjalo,pinjalo,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 194405,Paracaesio paragrapsimodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,paragrapsimodon,,,,,"Anderson & Kailola, 1992", 194406,Lutjanus vivanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,vivanus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 194407,Lutjanus ehrenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,ehrenbergii,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 194408,Anisotremus surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,surinamensis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 194409,Anisotremus virginicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,virginicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194413,Brachydeuterus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Brachydeuterus,auritus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1832)",The taxonomy of this species and its relationships are poorly-known (Lindeman and Rocha pers. comm. 2011). 194418,Haemulon flavolineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,flavolineatum,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1823)", 194422,Haemulon sciurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,sciurus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1803)", 194425,Parakuhlia macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Parakuhlia,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Osório, 1893)",The taxonomy of this species and its relationships are poorly-known (Lindeman and Rocha pers. comm. 2011). 194427,Parapristipoma humile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Parapristipoma,humile,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)",


194428,Parapristipoma octolineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Parapristipoma,octolineatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 194430,Plectorhinchus chubbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,chubbi,,,,,"(Regan, 1919)", 194432,Plectorhinchus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,macrolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 194433,Plectorhinchus mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,mediterraneus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1850)", 194434,Plectorhinchus schotaf,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,schotaf,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Two species, Plectorhinchus caeruleonothus and P. unicolor, have long been confused with P. schotaf (Johnson and Wilmer 2015)." 194435,Plectorhinchus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,sordidus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1870)", 194437,Pomadasys jubelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,jubelini,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 194439,Pomadasys olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,olivaceus,,,,,"(Day, 1875)",Synonym: Pomadasys olivaceum 194440,Pomadasys perotaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,perotaei,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 194441,Pomadasys rogerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,rogerii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 194442,Pomadasys striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,striatus,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 194493,Akysis pulvinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,pulvinatus,,,,,"Ng, 2007", 194505,Oryzias songkhramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,songkhramensis,,,,,"Magtoon, 2010", 19455,Rhamdia reddelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,reddelli,,,,,"Miller, 1984","Eschmeyer notes that this species was recognised as a synonym of Rhamdia laticauda by Silfvergrip (1996) and by Weber and Wilkens (1998). FishBase records it as a valid species, referring to Proudlove (1997) as the reference source.
[Arroyave: Silfvergrip (1996) considered R. reddelli a junior synonym of R. laticauda. Similarly, Perdices et al. (2002) cast doubt on the validity of R. reddelli on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data, suggesting that it is probably simply a hypogean population/lineage of R. laticauda. Despite these questionings, other authors (e.g., Weber and Wilkens 1998, Miller et al. 2005, Eschmeyer et al. 2018) have maintained the validity of R. reddelli. Miller et al. (2005), however, considers R. zongolicensis Wilkens 1993 a junior synonym of R. reddelli.] [Schmitter-Soto: a footnote in Miller et al. (2009) mentions that the authors overlooked the fact that R. zongolicensis and R. reddelli have been proven by Wilkens to be mutually infertile, that is, they are both valid under a Biological Species Concept.]" 19456,Rhamdia zongolicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,zongolicensis,,,,,"Wilkens, 1993","Wilkens (1993) showed that Rhamdia zongolicensis does not interbreed with other species of the genus, which proves that it is valid under the Biological Species Concept, in spite of its morphological similarity to R. reddelli." 194797,Hemidactylus parvimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,parvimaculatus,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1953","Hemidactylus parvimaculatus was treated as a subspecies of H. brookii Gray, 1845 when it was first described by Derayanigala (1953). Bauer et al. (2010) raised it to species level." 194798,Lycodon flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,flavicollis,,,,,"Mukherjee & Bhupathy, 2007",Taxonomic research is needed to clarify the systematics of this species throughout its range and its relationship with members of the Lycodon aulicus complex (C. Srinivasulu pers. comm. 2019). 194827,Uropeltis bicatenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,bicatenata,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Uropeltis bicatenata was described as Silybura bicatenata by Günther in 1864 based on specimen collected in Deccan,  India  (Smith 1943). Uropeltis bicatenata has been considered a junior synonym of Uropeltis ceylanica Cuvier, 1829 (nomen nudum), implicitly or explicitly, since Beddome (1886) until resurrected from synonymy by Gower et al. (2008)." 194828,Calodactylodes aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Calodactylodes,aureus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Calodactylus aureus was described by Beddome in 1870 based on specimens collected from Tirupattur hills (=Tirupati hills), Eastern Ghats (Smith 1935)." 194829,Calodactylodes illingworthorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Calodactylodes,illingworthorum,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1953", 194833,Hemidactylus aquilonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,aquilonius,,,,,"Zug & McMahan, 2007","Hemidactylus aquilonius was described by McMahan and Zug (2007) based on specimens collected from He Pu, Kachin, Myanmar. A taxonomic revision of the bowringii group (McMahan and Zug 2007) precipitated a re-evaluation of Indian ""Hemidactylus bowringii"", and these populations were subsequently reallocated to Hemidactylus aquilonius by Purkayastha et al. (2010)." 194834,Kaestlea laterimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Kaestlea,laterimaculata,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)",Members of this genus have been assigned to various genera and until recently were placed in the genus Scincella. Eremchenko and Das (2004) erected a new genus Kaestlea to accommodate peninsular Indian species. 194835,Eutropis dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,dissimilis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1857)","This species is a species complex containing multiple morphs and crossing several biogeographic zones (P. Mohapatra pers. comm. 2019). There is a degree of confusion over the identity of the type locality, which has variously been given as Bengal or Dehradun (the latter of which appears to be an incorrect assignment based on the type locality of one of the synonyms Euprepes warthii, a name coined in 1885, as the original locality was given as Bengal) which will affect the appropriate identification of this species following taxonomic revision. Only the holotype of E. warthii is available, which may have contributed to this confusion." 194836,Sibynophis sagittarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,sagittarius,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)","The taxonomy of Sibynophis sagittarius and S. subpunctatus is confused. Morgan (1973), in his revision of Sibynophiines, considered S. subpunctatus to be a synonym of S. sagittarius. At present, they are considered to represent two separate species (Captain et al. 2004), but due to this historical confusion the distributions of the two species are in need of clarification." 19488,Rhincodon typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,RHINCODONTIDAE,Rhincodon,typus,,,,,"Smith, 1828", 194905,Starksia atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,atlantica,,,,,"Longley, 1934","Starksia atlantica has recently been shown to be a species complex. The original species has been divided into Starksia atlantica (known from Bahamas and Turks and Caicos), Starksia sangreyae (Belize) and Starksia springeri (Curacao) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 194906,Starksia sangreyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,sangreyae,,,,,"Castillo & Baldwin, 2011","Starksia sangreyae has been recently described. It was originally known as S. atlantica, now shown to be a species complex comprised of S. atlantica, (known from Bahamas and Turks and Caicos), S. sangreyae (Belize) and S. springeri (Curacao) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 194908,Starksia lepicoelia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,lepicoelia,,,,,"Böhlke & Springer, 1961","Starksia lepicoelia has recently been shown to be a species complex. The original species has been divided into S. lepicoelia (known from Bahamas and Turks and Caicos), S. weigti (Belize), S. williamsi (Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles) and S. robertsoni (Panama) (Baldwin et al. 2011). However, Baldwin et al. (2011) did not sample populations in the Gulf of Mexico. The taxonomic status of the this population needs to be confirmed with DNA barcode data (R. Robertson and B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015)." 194909,Starksia weigti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,weigti,,,,,"Baldwin & Castillo, 2011","Starksia weigti has been only recently described. It was previously known as S. lepicoelia, which is now known to be a species complex comprised of: S. lepicoelia (known from Bahamas and Turks and Caicos), S. weigti (Belize), S. williamsi (Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles), and S.robertsoni (Panama) (Baldwin et al. 2011). The taxonomic status of the Campeche Bank (Gulf of Mexico) population needs to be confirmed with DNA barcode data (R. Robertson and B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015)." 194911,Starksia robertsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,robertsoni,,,,,"Baldwin, Victor & Castillo, 2011","Starksia robertsoni has been only recently described. It was previously known as S. lepicoelia, now known to be a species complex comprised of: S. lepicoelia (known from Bahamas and Turks and Caicos), S. weigti (Belize) and S. williamsi (Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles) and S. robertsoni (Panama) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 194912,Starksia sluiteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,sluiteri,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)","Starksia sluiteri has recently been shown to be a species complex. The original species has been divided into S. sluiterei (known from Curacao), S. greenfieldi (Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago) and S. langi (Belize) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 194913,Starksia greenfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,greenfieldi,,,,,"Baldwin & Castillo, 2011","Starksia greenfieldi has been recently described. It was previously known as Starksia sluiteri, now shown to be a species complex. The original species has been divided into Starksia sluiterei (known from Curacao), Starksia greenfieldi (Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago) and Starksia langi (Belize) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 194914,Starksia langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,langi,,,,,"Baldwin & Castillo, 2011","Previously Starksia langi was known as Starksia sluiteri, which is now shown to be a species complex. The original species has been divided into S. sluiterei (known from Curacao), S. greenfieldi (Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago) and S. langi (Belize) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 194915,Boiga nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,nuchalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)", 194916,Dendrelaphis chairecacos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,chairecacos,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Dendrelaphis chairecacos was described as Dendrophis chairecacos by Boie in 1827 basing on drawing by Dr. Patrick Russell (Smith 1943). This species has been recently resurrected from the synonymy of D. tristis and a neotype has been designated from Kottayam, Kerala (van Rooijen and Vogel 2009).
" 194917,Oligodon venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,venustus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1853)","Oligodon venustus was described by Jerdon in 1853 as Xenodon venustum based on specimen collected from north Kanara, Karnataka (Smith 1943). Smith (1943) opines that the type is lost." 194961,Psilorhynchus gokkyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,gokkyi,,,,,"Conway & Britz, 2010", 194962,Psilorhynchus melissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,melissa,,,,,"Conway & Kottelat, 2010", 194963,Psilorhynchus pavimentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,pavimentatus,,,,,"Conway & Kottelat, 2010", 194964,Psilorhynchus piperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,piperatus,,,,,"Conway & Britz, 2010", 194965,Psilorhynchus brachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,brachyrhynchus,,,,,"Conway & Britz, 2010","Recently described by Conway and Britz (2010). Appears to have been previously confused under the name Psilorhynchus balitora (Hamilton) by Mukerji (1933)." 194967,Chlopsis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Chlopsis,bicolor,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 194968,Ariosoma balearicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,balearicum,,,,,"(Delaroche, 1809)", 194969,Conger conger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,conger,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194973,Gymnothorax unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,unicolor,,,,,"(Delaroche, 1809)", 194974,Muraena helena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,helena,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 194975,Dipsosaurus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Dipsosaurus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)","Current nomenclature within the genus Dipsosaurus is not supported with recent genetic data. Hypervariable markers (microsatellites), which are appropriate for identifying current population structure have revealed three distinct groups on the Baja Peninsula: one in North Baja and two in South Baja (Valdivia-Carrillo et al. 2017). Whereas, DNA sequence data (from mitochondrial and nuclear markers), which are appropriate for identifying long-term divergence, support the mid-peninsular divergence found with the microsatellite markers, with a single evolutionary significant unit in South Baja (Packer et al. 2015, M. Packer et al. unpublished data). This mid-peninsular divergence has also been shown in multiple other taxa that are distributed across Baja (Leaché et al. 2007, Dolby et al. 2015). Lastly, the DNA sequence data also reveals connectivity between the northern Baja populations and the mainland populations (Packer et al. 2015). Thus, there are likely two evolutionary significant units within the genus, neither of which correspond to current species or subspecies boundaries. The species currently known as Dipsosaurus catalinensis is included in this assessment." 194980,Apterichtus anguiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Apterichtus,anguiformis,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)", 194981,Apterichtus caecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Apterichtus,caecus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194984,Echelus myrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Echelus,myrus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194986,Ophisurus serpens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophisurus,serpens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","It was previously though that his taxon was likely to include two separate species with widely disjunct distributions - one in the Atlantic/Mediterranean Sea and the other in the west Pacific. However, it is now clear that this species is only present in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea (R. Bañón pers. comm. 2014)." 194989,Dysomma brevirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Dysomma,brevirostre,,,,,"(Facciolà, 1887)","This taxon has a curious, disjunct global distribution, recorded from the Mediterranean Sea, Florida and Hawaii. Taxonomic research is needed." 195006,Eleutherodactylus aporostegus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,aporostegus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus ruthae (Hedges et al. 2008)." 195007,Eleutherodactylus bothroboans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,bothroboans,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus ruthae by Hedges et al. (2008), but further work suggests it is likely a synonym of E. ruthae (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2021)." 195009,Eleutherodactylus limbensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,limbensis,,,,,"Lynn, 1958","Formerly recognized as subspecies of Eleutherodactylus schmidti (Schwartz 1971), Hedges et al. (2008) formalized the species status of this taxon." 195010,Eleutherodactylus melatrigonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,melatrigonum,,,,,"Schwartz, 1966","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus audanti (Hedges et al. 2008). On the basis of preliminary molecular data, Díaz et al. (2018) suggested that E. melatrigonum may be conspecific with E. notidodes." 195013,Eleutherodactylus rucillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,rucillensis,,,,,"Cochran, 1939","This species was formerly recognized as subspecies of Eleutherodactylus schmidti (Schwartz 1971), Hedges et al. (2008) formalized the species status of this taxon." 195015,Eleutherodactylus tychathrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,tychathrous,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus ruthae (Hedges et al. 2008)." 195036,Salilota australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Salilota,australis,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 195047,Cottoperca trigloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BOVICHTIDAE,Cottoperca,trigloides,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)",Cottoperca gobio is almost certainly a synonym of C. trigloides (J.M. Díaz de Astarloa pers. comm. 2019). 195050,Eosamon nominathuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,nominathuis,,,,,"Yeo, 2010",Species described by Yeo (2010) from material collected in the 1800's. No taxonomic changes since. 195069,Patagonotothen ramsayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOTOTHENIIDAE,Patagonotothen,ramsayi,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 195092,Congiopodus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,CONGIOPODIDAE,Congiopodus,peruvianus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 195095,Sebastes oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,oculatus,,,,,"Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833", 195288,Mylothris atewa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,atewa,,,,,"Berger, 1980","

The genus Mylothris is a large (60+ species) exclusively Afrotropical genus with many taxonomic difficulties that might not be solved without significant inputs of molecular data. However, this particular species is morphologically quite different from any other African species. It shares the Atewa forests with seven other Mylothris species and appears to occur sympatrically with all seven.

" 195289,Pseudophilotes sinaicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudophilotes,sinaicus,,,,,"Nakamura, 1975","There is uncertainty if Pseudophilotes jordanicus is a  subspecies of P sinaicus or a separate species. Described in the year 2,000  by D. Benyamini, the species was separated from P. sinaicus on the basis of morphology, genitalia and a large geographic separation. However, Tshikolovets (2011) have questioned this separation and suggested only subspecies status. In this Red List assessment we treat both as separate species." 195295,Eutropis multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,multifasciata,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","Amarasinghe et al. (2018) designated a neotype for E. multifasciata and examined the taxonomy of names associated with the Eutropis multifasciata group using both molecular and morphological data, and found that the subspecies E. m. balinensis and E. m. tjendikianensis represent junior synonyms of E. multifasciata. This species has long been considered a species complex, and deep divergence between several 16S clades identified by Mulcahy et al. (2018) supports this suggestion." 195296,Hydrosaurus amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hydrosaurus,amboinensis,,,,,"(Schlosser, 1768)","Two species of Hydrosaurus are currently reported from the Philippines; H. amboinensis in the south and H. pustulatus in the north. However, there is some confusion in the identification of species and consequently the distribution of these species. Further taxonomic studies are needed to clarify the distribution of Hydrosaurus in the Philippines (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007)." 195297,Subdoluseps bowringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Subdoluseps,bowringii,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Although the holotype was labeled as coming from Hong Kong this species' presence in China is questionable (Zhao et al. 1999). 195298,Eutropis cumingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,cumingi,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1980)","Barley et al. (2020) found genetic divergence between higher-elevation and lowland populations in the Cordillera, and recommend research into mid-elevation contact zones to understand gene flow." 195299,Hemidactylus stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,stejnegeri,,,,,"Ota & Hikida, 1989", 195300,Eutropis multicarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,multicarinata,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 195302,Eutropis rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,rudis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 195303,Hemidactylus platyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,platyurus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1792)",This species was called Cosymbotus platyurus until the revision of geckos in the genus Hemidactylus by Carranza and Arnold in 2006 (Kaiser et al. 2011). 195304,Lipinia subvittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,subvittata,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)",The taxonomy of this species is very poorly understood. It is not clear whether the nominotypic population in Northern Sulawesi is conspecific with other Sulawesi populations or the Philippine population. 195305,Sphenomorphus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,variegatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Sphenomorphus variegatus is a species complex. The type locality has been restricted to Mindanao and true S. variegatus is likely limited to the Philippines, where it is widespread. ""S. variegatus"" on Sulawesi is a separate species complex that is also widespread and abundant. S. variegatus is also known from a few specimens from Borneo, Flores, and Morotai, all of which are likely misidentifications (J. McGuire pers. comm. 2017). Sulawesi population are conspecific with those in the Philippine and within Sulawesi, it is likely to be a species complex (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019)." 195306,Draco palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,palawanensis,,,,,"McGuire & Alcala, 2000", 195307,Eutropis indeprensa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,indeprensa,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1980)","R. Brown and A. Diesmos (pers. comm. 2007) suggested that the Palawan population may represent a distinct species. Subsequently, a wide-ranging investigation of both morphological and molecular diversity within Philippine species of Eutropis identified as many as six genetic clades that may warrant recognition as distinct species, including the Palawan lineage (Barley et al. 2013) despite highly conserved morphology. Work to describe several of the cryptic species identified by Barley et al. (2013) is presently underway (R. Brown pers. comm. 2017)." 195308,Dasia grisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,grisea,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",Species boundaries within Dasia are not well-defined and the taxonomic status of this species has not been investigated (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). 195309,Gekko gecko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,gecko,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This widespread gecko may be a species complex (Rösler et al. 2011). Genetic data suggests that this species' occurrence at least in the Lesser Sunda Islands, where it is widespread, is a consequence of human-mediated dispersal, as subpopulations on these islands exhibit no genetic diversity compared with subpopulations from Java (J. McGuire unpubl. data). Rösler et al. (2011) revalidated the name Gekko reevesii for populations from northern Viet Nam and southern China long recognized as being morphologically distinct from, and broadly sympatric with, G. gecko. These authors identified two ""relatively deeply divergent evolutionary lineages"" within this species, and indicated that deeper sampling of G. gekko from across its range is necessary to resolve the systematics of this group." 195310,Draco spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,spilopterus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","This taxon is known to consist of multiple independent lineages (Bucol et al. 2011 suggest four or six, R. Brown pers. comm. 2017 opines that the true figure could be 5-7, or greater). At least one genetic lineage - identified by McGuire and Heang (2001) from Siquijor - appears to correspond to differences in patterning between this form and animals from Negros (Bucol et al. 2011). The taxonomy of this possible species complex is likely to require revision (Bucol et al. 2011), but presently remains unresolved (R. Brown pers. comm. 2017)." 195311,Dasia semicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,semicincta,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 195312,Lygosoma quadrupes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,quadrupes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Genetic and morphological research identified three geographically distinct evolutionary lineages within the widespread Lygosoma quadrupes, corresponding to the recently-recognized Philippine form L. tabonorum (Heitz et al. 2016), a taxon restricted to Java to which the name L. quadrupes is applicable, and a lineage found throughout the Southeast Asian mainland (Siler et al. 2018). This latter taxon, representing the major part of the former range of L. quadrupes, was described as the new species L. siamensis by Siler et al. (2018)." 195313,Gekko monarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,monarchus,,,,,"(Schlegel in Duméril & Bibron, 1836)","This species is often confused with Gekko mindorensis. Subpopulations within the Philippines are assigned arbitrarily to one species or the other based on the island on which they are found. G. monarchus-mindorensis is likely either a single species or a larger species complex than suggested by the existing division (R. Brown and E. Rico pers. comm. 2007). This latter view is supported by more recent research (Brown et al. 2008, 2009; Rösler et al. 2011), including the description of G. rossi from the island of Calayan (Brown et al. 2009)." 195314,Lipinia quadrivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,quadrivittata,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Records of this species from Borneo were assigned to the newly-recognized Lipinia inexpectata by Das and Austin (2007) although the name L. quadrivittata is used - presumably in error - for records from Malaysia in Danum Valley Research Center and Nang Tekalit, Sarawak, and Dewhurst, Sabah in the Field Museum database (The Field Museum 2017)." 195316,Emoia atrocostata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,atrocostata,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)","Lygosoma buergeri is tentatively treated as a junior synonym following Brown (1991), based on this author's observation that the only difference between this species and New Guinean Emoia atrocostata is in the number of scale rows (28 rather than 38). Brown (1991) considers that this difference may simply be a typographic error. Subsequent examination of the holotype by A. Allison supports this conclusion (A. Allison pers. comm. 2013)." 195317,Dibamus leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,leucurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)","This may be a species complex, within which distributional boundaries are not known. Two species (D. leucurus and D. novaeguineae) are currently recognized for the Philippines, but the distributional boundary between the two is unclear. Sanguila et al. (2016) refer to the Mindanao population as Dibamus cf. leucurus, and suspect that Philippine members of this group represent an undescribed species." 195318,Bronchocela cristatella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,cristatella,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","Recent work has revalidated the neglected name Bronchocela burmana for populations from Myanmar, and the relative distributions of the two species in Thailand are in need of clarification (Zug et al. 2017). Two additional recently-described taxa from Thailand and Malaysia, Bronchocela shenlong and B. rayaensis, have also historically been confused with B. cristatella (Grismer et al. 2015) Hallerman (2009) described the new species B. rubrigularis from the Nicobar Islands; no subsequent work appears to have investigated any other records assigned to B. cristatella from the Nicobars, and these islands are still included within the distribution of B. cristatella by Grismer (2011a,b) and Chan-ard et al. (2015). Grismer et al. (2015) report that outstanding taxonomic issues within B. cristatella, including the fact that this species lacks a type specimen or type locality, are due to be addressed ""at length in an integrative taxonomic revision of the entire genus""." 195326,Polyommatus bollandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,bollandi,,,,,"Dumont, 1998", 195346,Emoia nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,nigra,,,,,"(Jacquinot & Guichenot in Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853)", 195352,Gyraulus pamphylicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,pamphylicus,,,,,"Glöer, & Rähle, 2009", 195401,Ingerophrynus ledongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,ledongensis,,,,,"(Fei, Ye & Huang, 2009)",This is a split from the broader concept of Ingerophrynus galeatus (Fei et al. 2009). 195406,Odorrana nanjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,nanjiangensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye, Xie & Jiang, 2007", 195407,Paramesotriton longliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,longliensis,,,,,"Li, Tian, Gu & Xiong, 2008", 195408,Megophrys sangzhiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,sangzhiensis,,,,,"Jiang, Ye & Fei, 2008", 195475,Rhynchobatus palpebratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,palpebratus,,,,,"Compagno & Last, 2008","Rhynchobatus palpebratus is part of the Indo-West Pacific Rhynchobatus djiddensis species-complex. The name R. djiddensis has previously been used widely, leading to poorly-defined taxonomy and distributions for members of the complex (in particular, R. australiae, R. djiddensis, and R. laevis). Further investigation into the taxonomy of 'whitespotted wedgefish' is required, and additional species are likely to be described in the future." 195488,Squalus suckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,suckleyi,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)","North Pacific Spiny Dogfish Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1854) has a rather long and convoluted taxonomic history. It was first described in 1854 as a separate species from the well-known Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) but was subsequently synonymyzed as the same species even though its life history parameters, meristics, morphometrics, and molecular data suggested otherwise. A comparative study of its morphometrics and meristics, as well as a molecular study on this species complex have revealed it to be distinctive from the North Atlantic and other S. acanthias forms elsewhere (Ebert et al. 2010)." 195512,Awaous flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,flavus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 195513,Bathygobius geminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,geminatus,,,,,"Tornabene, Baldwin & Pezold, 2010",This is a recently described species. 195516,Assiminea parvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,parvula,,,,,"Mousson, 1865",Assiminea parvula is considered by several authors to belong to the Indo-Pacific Assiminea nitida group and the taxonomy remains unresolved. The species has recently been re-instated as a distinct one (Brook 2010). Specimens from Mayotte and Nosy Be Island (Madagascar) are been referenced under the first name. 195522,Diancta macrostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diancta,macrostoma,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902). 195523,Elasmias apertum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Elasmias,apertum,,,,,"(Pease, 1865)", 195525,Fijianella calciphila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Fijianella,calciphila,,,,,"Cook & Clench, 1943","The representatives of genus Fijianella known from the Lau Group were classified by Cooke and Clench (1943) as three species. It is possible that these nominal taxa represent a single conchologically variable species. Pending a revision of the genus using modern morphological and molecular methods, the current taxonomy is adopted." 195526,Fijianella cornucopia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Fijianella,cornucopia,,,,,"Cook & Clench, 1943","The representatives of genus Fijianella known from the Lau Group were classified by Cooke and Clench (1943) as three species. It is possible that these nominal taxa represent a single conchologically variable species. Pending a revision of the genus using modern morphological and molecular methods, the current taxonomy is adopted." 195527,Fijianella laddi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Fijianella,laddi,,,,,"Cook & Clench, 1943","

The representatives of genus Fijianella known from the Lau Group were classified by Cooke & Clench (1943) as three species. It is possible that these nominal taxa represent a single conchologically variable species. Pending a revision of the genus using modern morphological and molecular methods, the current taxonomy is adopted.

" 195530,Fijiopoma liberata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Fijiopoma,liberata,,,,,"(Garrett, 1887)","Genus Fijiopoma was erected by Clench (1949) in a revision of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan cyclophoroideans. However, there appears to be considerable conchological variability within, and overlap amongst, the nominal Fijian species, indicating the need for reassessment of their taxonomic status." 195533,Gonatorhaphe lauensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Gonatorhaphe,lauensis,,,,,"Clench, 1949","The Fijian members of genus Gonatorhape von Mollendorff were revised by Clench (1949). However, there appears to be considerable conchological variability within and overlap among the nominal Fijian species, indicating the need for reassessment of their taxonomic status." 195534,Gonatorhaphe stricta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Gonatorhaphe,stricta,,,,,"(Garrett, 1887)","The Fijian members of genus Gonatorhape von Moellendorff were revised by Clench (1949). However, there appears to be considerable conchological variability within and overlap among the nominal Fijian species, indicating the need for reassessment of their taxonomic status. Clench (1949) and Solem (1978) suggested that G. stricta may be synonymous with G. intercostata (Mousson, 1870) which has been recorded widely in the Lau Group." 195537,Lagivala minusculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Lagivala,minusculus,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 195539,Lamellidea oblonga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,oblonga,,,,,"(Pease, 1865)", 195540,Lamellidea pusilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,pusilla,,,,,"(A. Gould, 1847)", 195548,Macropalaina pomatiaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Macropalaina,pomatiaeformis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195550,Microcharopa mimula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Microcharopa,mimula,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 195552,Moussonia fuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Moussonia,fuscula,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195553,Omphalotropis bifilaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,bifilaris,,,,,"Mousson, 1865", 195555,Omphalotropis ingens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,ingens,,,,,"Mousson, 1870", 195556,Omphalotropis layardiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,layardiana,,,,,"Garrett, 1887","

This species was initially identified as Omphalotropis rosea (Gould 1852) by Mousson (1870). This is a conchologically similar species now known to be common on Vanua Balavu and elsewhere in Lau, but subsequently described as distinct (Garrett 1887). A revision of the Fijian Omphalotropis is needed to ascertain the taxonomic status Omphalotropis layardiana. Furthermore there is much Omphalotropis specimen material from Vanua Balavu in collections such as Bishop Museum from 1938 that remains to be identified.

" 195558,Omphalotropis moussoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,moussoni,,,,,"Pease, 1865","Solem (1959, 1978) considered Omphalotropis submaritima Quadras and Moellendorff, 1894 from the Marianas; O. granum (Pfeiffer, 1855) from New Caledonia; and O. setocincta Ancey, 1890 from Vanuatu to be closely related and possibly conspecific with Omphalotropis moussoni." 195559,Omphalotropis parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,parva,,,,,"Mousson, 1865","Possibly synonymous with Realia laevis Baird, 1873, described from Samoa, but here treated as a distinct species." 195562,Omphalotropis zelriolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,zelriolata,,,,,"Mousson, 1865", 195563,Palaina godeffroyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,godeffroyana,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195564,Palaina graeffei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,graeffei,,,,,"(von Möllendorff, 1897)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195565,Palaina martensi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,martensi,,,,,"(Adams, 1866)","

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

The ‘Tongatabu, Tonga’ record of Solem (1959) (UMMZ 87919) has not been confirmed and thus has not been treated as conspecific in this assessment.

" 195566,Palaina quadrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,quadrata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195567,Palaina subregularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,subregularis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195568,Palaina taviensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,taviensis,,,,,"(Liardet, 1876)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195569,Palaina tuberosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,tuberosa,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195574,Placostylus elobatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,elobatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)","Fourteen species of Placostylus are recorded from the Fijian archipelago (Barker et al. 2005, Barker and Bouchet 2010). " 195575,Placostylus garretti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,garretti,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1900","This species' taxonomic status is uncertain as it was described from a single specimen of uncertain geographical origin (see Barker et al. 2005)." 195577,Placostylus graeffei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,graeffei,,,,,"(Crosse, 1875)",


195579,Placostylus hoyti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,hoyti,,,,,"(Garrett, 1872)",Fourteen species of Placostylus are recorded from Fiji (Barker et al. 2005; Barker and Bouchet 2010). 195580,Placostylus kantavuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,kantavuensis,,,,,"(Crosse, 1870)","A record from the island of Koro (Parkinson 1987) is considered by Barker and Bouchet (2010), as probably a mis-identification." 195581,Placostylus malleatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,malleatus,,,,,"(Jay, 1842)",Placostylus malleatus is endemic to the islands of Viti Levu and Ovalau. P. malleatus is one of six Placostylus species found on Viti Levu and one of four species found on Ovalau. P. malleatus is a relatively large (shell height ~ 6 cm) aboreal land snail with white aperture and pronounced wide white aperture lip to the shell. A colour photograph of the shell of this species can be found in Abbott (1989). 195582,Placostylus mbengensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,mbengensis,,,,,"Cooke, 1942","Fourteen species of Placostylus are recorded from the Fijian archipelago (Barker et al. 2005; Barker and Bouchet 2010).

Placostylus seemanni has in the past been considered to consist of two subspecies, Placostylus seemanni seemanni and Placostylus seemanni mbengensis. In this assessment we follow the treatment of Barker et al. (2005) and consider these taxa as full species, i.e., Placostylus seemanni  and Placostylus mbengensis. Barker et al. (2005) consider that species status should be afforded based on differences in niche (arboreal vs ground-dwelling), habitat (lowland vs montane), and conchological features noted by Cooke, 1942.

 " 195583,Placostylus morosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,morosus,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)",Placostylus morosus is one of Fiji’s most widely distributed Placostylus species being recorded from ten islands. The adult shell height is relatively small ~ 45 mm. The shell is white with a thin periostracum with olivaceous markings. The shell aperture and its lip are also white. 195584,Placostylus ochrostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,ochrostoma,,,,,"(Garrett, 1872)","Placostylus ochrostoma is endemic to the islands of Rabi, Taveuni, Gamea and northeastern Vanua Levu. At approximately 35- 40 mm in adult shell height P. ochrostoma is most likely the smallest of Fiji’s Placostylus species. The shell aperture and lip are a striking saffron colour.

" 195585,Placostylus seemanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,seemanni,,,,,"(Dohrn, 1861)","Placostylus seemanni has in the past been considered to consist of two subspecies, Placostylus seemanni seemanni and Placostylus seemanni mbengensis. In this assessment we follow the treatment of Barker et al. (2005) and consider these taxa as full species, i.e., Placostylus seemanni  and Placostylus mbengensis.

Barker et al. (2005) consider that species status should be afforded based on differences in niche (arboreal vs ground-dwelling), habitat (lowland vs montane), and conchological features noted by Cooke (1942).



" 195586,Placostylus subroseus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,subroseus,,,,,"Fulton, 1915","


" 195588,Priceconcha tuvuthaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Priceconcha,tuvuthaensis,,,,,"Solem, 1973",Pacific Endodontidae were revised by Solem (1976). 195589,Pseudopalaina ascendens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Pseudopalaina,ascendens,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Diplommatinidae are in urgent need of systematic revision. The Fiji species have not been reviewed since Kobelt (1902).

195590,Sinployea adposita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,adposita,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)", 195592,Sinployea godeffroyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,godeffroyana,,,,,"Solem, 1983","This species was described by Solem (1983) from a total of three specimens from three locations. The specimen (BPBM 179256) from Nagava Island immediately adjacent to the southern coast of Viti Levu, treated with some reservation as a paratype by Solem (1983), is here provisionally treated as a distinct species and thus not included in this assessment." 195593,Sinployea inermis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,inermis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)","Pacific Island Charopidae were last revised by Solem (1983). Solem (1983) described three subspecies. For the purposes of this assessment, these nominal subspecies are not recognized as their biological status remains uncertain." 195594,Sinployea monstrosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,monstrosa,,,,,"(Ancey, 1889)","Pacific Island Charopidae last revised by Solem (1983).

‘Solem (1983) referred this species to Patula irregularis Garrett, 1887, and placed it in genus Sinployea. However, Patula irregularis Garrett, 1887 is a secondary homonym of Endodonta irregularis Semper, 12874 and thus not available. Ancey (1889) introduced Patula monstrosa Ancey, 1889 as a replacement name for Patula irregularis Garrett, 1887. In this assessment, Solem’s assignment to genus Sinployea is accepted, but under the name Sinployea monstrosa (Ancey, 1889).’

" 195596,Sinployea lauenis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,lauenis,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 195599,Sinployea recursa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,recursa,,,,,"Solem, 1983",Pacific Island Charopidae were last revised by Solem (1983) 195602,Thaumatodon laddi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Thaumatodon,laddi,,,,,"Solem, 1976",

Pacific Endodontidae were revised by Solem (1976).

195606,Trochomorpha accurata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,accurata,,,,,"Mousson, 1870","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on BPBM specimen material.

" 195608,Trochomorpha corallina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,corallina,,,,,"Mousson, 1870","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material.

" 195609,Trochomorpha depressostriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,depressostriata,,,,,"Mousson, 1870","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material.



" 195610,Trochomorpha fessonia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,fessonia,,,,,"Angus, 1869","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on BPBM specimen material.

" 195612,Trochomorpha kantavuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,kantavuensis,,,,,"Garrett, 1887","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material.

" 195613,Trochomorpha latimarginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,latimarginata,,,,,"(E.A. Smith, 1884)","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material.

" 195614,Trochomorpha luedersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,luedersi,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1855","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on BPBM specimen material.

" 195615,Trochomorpha merzianoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,merzianoides,,,,,"(Garrett, 1873)","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material.

" 195616,Trochomorpha moalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,moalensis,,,,,"Baker, 1941","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on BPBM specimen material.

" 195620,Trochomorpha tumulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,tumulus,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material.

" 195621,Trochomorpha tuvuthae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,tuvuthae,,,,,"Baker, 1941","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on BPBM specimen material.

" 195626,Zyzzyxdonta alata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Zyzzyxdonta,alata,,,,,"Solem, 1976","

Pacific Endodontidae were revised by Solem (1976).

" 195627,Schistura udomritthiruji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,udomritthiruji,,,,,"Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2010", 195643,Chilorhinus suensonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Chilorhinus,suensonii,,,,,"Lütken, 1852", 195645,Chlopsis dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Chlopsis,dentatus,,,,,"(Seale, 1917)",Research indicates that subpopulations from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans are cryptic species (K. Tighe pers. comm. 2011). 195647,Chlopsis olokun,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Chlopsis,olokun,,,,,"(Robins & Robins, 1966)", 195651,Kaupichthys hyoproroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Kaupichthys,hyoproroides,,,,,"(Strömman, 1896)","Kaupichthys hyoproroides was previously known as a highly variable, circumglobal species. Recent studies show that the western Pacific distribution is K. japonicus and K. diodontus is known from islands of the central Pacific. The western Atlantic and western Indian Ocean distributions are currently in place for K. hyoproroides, however, these distributions may represent a cryptic species pair. Studies are underway to resolve this taxonomic issue. Until this is published, we accept current taxonomy of this species (K. Tighe pers comm. 2011)." 195656,Panturichthys isognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,HETERENCHELYIDAE,Panturichthys,isognathus,,,,,"Poll, 1953", 195657,Panturichthys longus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,HETERENCHELYIDAE,Panturichthys,longus,,,,,"(Ehrenbaum, 1915)", 195658,Panturichthys mauritanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,HETERENCHELYIDAE,Panturichthys,mauritanicus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1913", 195661,Pythonichthys sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,HETERENCHELYIDAE,Pythonichthys,sanguineus,,,,,"Poey, 1868", 195669,Anarchias allardicei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,allardicei,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1906", 195670,Anarchias cantonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,cantonensis,,,,,Schultz 1943, 195671,Anarchias leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,leucurus,,,,,Snyder 1904,This species is part of a complex found in the Indo-West Pacific. 195672,Anarchias longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,longicauda,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)",Anarchias euryurus is a synonym of Anarchias longicauda. 195673,Anarchias seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,seychellensis,,,,,"Smith, 1962",This species may be part of a species complex with A. leucurus (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011). 195674,Anarchias similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,similis,,,,,"(Lea, 1913)", 195675,Anarchias supremus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,supremus,,,,,"McCosker & Stewart, 2006", 195678,Diaphenchelys pelonates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Diaphenchelys,pelonates,,,,,"McCosker & Randall, 2007", 195679,Echidna amblyodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,amblyodon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 195680,Echidna catenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,catenata,,,,,"Bloch, 1795", 195682,Echidna leucotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,leucotaenia,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 195683,Echidna nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,nebulosa,,,,,"Ahl, 1789", 195684,Echidna peli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,peli,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 195686,Echidna unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,unicolor,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 195688,Enchelycore anatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,anatina,,,,,"(Lowe, 1838)", 195689,Enchelycore bayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,bayeri,,,,,"(Schultz, 1953)", 195690,Enchelycore bikiniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,bikiniensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1953)", 195691,Enchelycore carychroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,carychroa,,,,,"Böhlke & Böhlke, 1976", 195692,Enchelycore kamara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,kamara,,,,,"Böhlke & Böhlke, 1980", 195693,Enchelycore lichenosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,lichenosa,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 195694,Enchelycore nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,nigricans,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 195695,Enchelycore nycturanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,nycturanus,,,,,"Smith, 2002", 195696,Enchelycore pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,pardalis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 195697,Enchelycore ramosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,ramosa,,,,,"Griffin, 1926", 195700,Gymnomuraena zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnomuraena,zebra,,,,,"(Shaw, 1797)", 195701,Gymnothorax afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,afer,,,,,"Bloch, 1795", 195702,Gymnothorax albimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,albimarginatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 195704,Gymnothorax annasona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,annasona,,,,,"Whitley, 1937", 195706,Gymnothorax australicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,australicola,,,,,"Lavenberg, 1992", 195707,Gymnothorax austrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,austrinus,,,,,"Böhlke & McCosker, 2001", 195708,Gymnothorax bacalladoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,bacalladoi,,,,,"Böhlke & Brito, 1987", 195709,Gymnothorax baranesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,baranesi,,,,,"Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder, 2008", 195710,Gymnothorax bathyphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,bathyphilus,,,,,"Randall & McCosker, 1975", 195711,Gymnothorax berndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,berndti,,,,,"Snyder, 1904", 195712,Gymnothorax breedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,breedeni,,,,,"McCosker & Randall, 1977", 195714,Gymnothorax castlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,castlei,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1999", 195715,Gymnothorax cephalospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,cephalospilus,,,,,"Böhlke & McCosker, 2001", 195716,Gymnothorax chilospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,chilospilus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1864", 195717,Gymnothorax chlamydatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,chlamydatus,,,,,"Snyder, 1908", 195718,Gymnothorax conspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,conspersus,,,,,"Poey, 1867", 195719,Gymnothorax cribroris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,cribroris,,,,,"Whitley, 1932", 195720,Strophidon dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Strophidon,dorsalis,,,,,"(Seale, 1917)", Gymnothorax dorsalis was assigned to the genus Strophidon on the basis of molecular analysis and morphological characteristics (Loh et al. 2015). 195721,Gymnothorax elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,elegans,,,,,"Bliss, 1883", 195722,Gymnothorax enigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,enigmaticus,,,,,"McCosker & Randall, 1982","Gymnothorax enigmaticus has been confused with G. patelli in the literature (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011)." 195723,Gymnothorax eurostus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,eurostus,,,,,"(Abbott, 1860)",More than one species may be passing under the name Gymnothorax eurostus; further research is needed (Smith 2012). 195726,Gymnothorax favagineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,favagineus,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801", 195727,Gymnothorax fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)",Enchelycore tamarae is now considered a junior synonym of Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Smith 2012). 195728,Gymnothorax flavimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,flavimarginatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 195729,Gymnothorax flavoculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,flavoculus,,,,,"(Böhlke & Randall, 1996)", 195730,Gymnothorax formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,formosus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1864", 195731,Gymnothorax funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,funebris,,,,,"Ranzani, 1839", 195732,Gymnothorax fuscomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,fuscomaculatus,,,,,"(Schultz, 1953)", 195733,Gymnothorax gracilicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,gracilicauda,,,,,"Jenkins, 1903", 195734,Gymnothorax griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,griseus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 195735,Gymnothorax hansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,hansi,,,,,"Heemstra, 2004","This species is very similar to G. albimarginatus (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011)." 195736,Gymnothorax hepaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,hepaticus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)","This species has been confused with G. monochrous in the literature (D. Smith pers. comm. 2011)." 195737,Gymnothorax herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,herrei,,,,,"Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933","This species has been confused with G. pseudoherrei in the literature." 195738,Gymnothorax hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,hubbsi,,,,,"Böhlke & Böhlke, 1977", 195740,Gymnothorax isingteena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,isingteena,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)",Gymnothorax pescadoris and Muraena melanospilos are considered synonyms of Gymnothorax isingteena (Smith 2012). 195741,Gymnothorax javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,javanicus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1859)",Gymnothorax mindonoensis is valid as a synonym of Gymnothorax javanicus. 195742,Gymnothorax johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,johnsoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1962)",This species is sometimes confused with a number of white-spotted morays which require further study (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011). 195743,Gymnothorax kidako,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,kidako,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)",Muraena similis and Gymnothorax mucifer are valid synonyms of Gymnothorax kidako. 195744,Gymnothorax kolpos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,kolpos,,,,,"Böhlke & Böhlke, 1980", 195745,Gymnothorax kontodontos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,kontodontos,,,,,"Böhlke, 2000", 195746,Gymnothorax longinquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,longinquus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1948)", 195748,Gymnothorax mareei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,mareei,,,,,"Poll, 1953", 195749,Gymnothorax margaritophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,margaritophorus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1864",Gymnothorax talofa is a valid synonym of Gymnothorax margaritophorus. 195750,Gymnothorax marshallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,marshallensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1953)","This species is very similar to G. fuscomaculatus, although G. marshallensis is not as widely distributed (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011)." 195751,Gymnothorax mccoskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,mccoskeri,,,,,"Smith & Böhlke, 1997", 195752,Gymnothorax megaspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,megaspilus,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1995", 195753,Gymnothorax melatremus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,melatremus,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 195754,Gymnothorax meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,meleagris,,,,,"(Shaw, 1795)",Gymnothorax leucostictus is a valid synonym of Gymnothorax meleagris. 195755,Gymnothorax microstictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,microstictus,,,,,"Böhlke, 2000", 195756,Gymnothorax miliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,miliaris,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 195757,Gymnothorax minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,minor,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","This species has been confused with G. reticularis (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011). The current anti-tropical distribution may be indicative of two distinct species. Further study is necessary." 195758,Gymnothorax moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,moluccensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1864)", 195759,Gymnothorax monochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,monochrous,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)","This species is often confused with G. hepaticus (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011). Historical records may be questionable. Further study is needed to confirm the status of this species." 195760,Gymnothorax monostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,monostigma,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)", 195761,Gymnothorax mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,mordax,,,,,"(Ayres, 1859)",Rabula davisi is a valid synonym of Gymnothorax mordax. 195762,Gymnothorax moringa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,moringa,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 195764,Gymnothorax neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,neglectus,,,,,"Tanaka, 1911", 195766,Gymnothorax niphostigmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,niphostigmus,,,,,"Chen, Shao & Chen, 1996", 195767,Gymnothorax nubilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,nubilus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)",Muraena euptera is a valid synonym of Gymnothorax nubilus. 195768,Gymnothorax nudivomer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,nudivomer,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 195769,Gymnothorax nuttingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,nuttingi,,,,,"Snyder, 1904", 195770,Gymnothorax obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,obesus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1932)",Muraena tuhua is a valid synonym of Gymnothorax obesus. 195771,Gymnothorax ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,ocellatus,,,,,"Agassiz, 1831", 195773,Gymnothorax phasmatodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,phasmatodes,,,,,"(Smith, 1962)", 195774,Gymnothorax philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,philippinus,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1907","The validity of this species has been questioned. For example, Nakabo (2002) suggests that it is a junior synonym of G. pseudothyrsoideus. However, it is treated as valid in Böhlke and Smith (2002) and Smith (2012), and thus is included as valid here." 195775,Gymnothorax pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,pictus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1789)","Muraena atomaria, Muraena elegantissima, Muraena erythroptera, Gymnothorax hilonis, Gymnothorax pictus kowanensis, Muraena lita, Muraenophis pantherina, Muraena pfeifferi, Muraena polyophthalmus, Muraena siderea, Gymnothorax thomsoni, and Muraena variegata are valid synonyms of Gymnothorax pictus" 195776,Gymnothorax pikei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,pikei,,,,,"Bliss, 1883","This species is similar to G. burndti and G. ypsilon." 195777,Gymnothorax pindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,pindae,,,,,"Smith, 1962", 195779,Gymnothorax polyspondylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,polyspondylus,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 2000", 195781,Gymnothorax prasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,prasinus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 195782,Gymnothorax prionodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,prionodon,,,,,"Ogilby, 1895","This species may be confused with other white-spotted eels. Gymnothorax leucostigma, Gymnothorax nirosus, Muraena shirleyi, Muraena mieroszewskii, and Lycodontis wooliensis are valid as synonyms of Gymnothorax prionodon." 195783,Gymnothorax prismodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,prismodon,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 2000", 195784,Gymnothorax prolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,prolatus,,,,,"Sasaki & Amaoka, 1991",There is an unusually large variation of vertebral counts that needs further investigation (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011). 195785,Gymnothorax pseudoherrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,pseudoherrei,,,,,"Böhlke, 2000",This species has been confused with G. herrei in the literature (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011). 195786,Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,pseudothyrsoideus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",Gymnothorax makassariensis is a valid synonym of Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus. 195788,Gymnothorax punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,punctatus,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801",This species may be confused with other white spotted eel species. 195789,Gymnothorax randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,randalli,,,,,"Smith & Böhlke, 1997", 195792,Gymnothorax richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,richardsonii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Muraena troschelii, Muraena scoliodon, Muraena venosa, Muraena vermicularis, Muraena diplodon, Muraena chrysops, Muraena florisiana, Muraena modesta, Muraena ceramensis, and Thyrsoidea multifasciata are synonyms of Gymnothorax richardsonii." 195793,Gymnothorax robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,robinsi,,,,,"Böhlke, 1997", 195795,Gymnothorax sagmacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,sagmacephalus,,,,,"Böhlke, 1997","Nakabo (2002) claimed Gymnorthorax sagmacephalus represents the juvenile stage of G. albimarginatus (Nakabo 2002), but it is considered valid by Smith (2012)." 195796,Gymnothorax saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,saxicola,,,,,"Jordan & Davis, 1891", 195797,Gymnothorax shaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,shaoi,,,,,"Chen & Loh, 2007", 195798,Gymnothorax sokotrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,sokotrensis,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1968", 195799,Gymnothorax steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,steindachneri,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 195801,Gymnothorax thyrsoideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,thyrsoideus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","Muraena thyrsoides, Muraena prosopeion, Echidna kishinouyei, and Thyrsoidea arenata are valid as Gymnothorax thyrsoideus." 195802,Gymnothorax tile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,tile,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Muraena vermiculata, Gymnothorax borneensis, Muraena gracilis, Lycodontis literata, Strophidon maculata, Thyrsoidea microdon, and Strophidon punctacta are valid as Gymnothorax tile." 195803,Gymnothorax undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,undulatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)","Muraena acutirostris, Muraena agassizi, Muraena blochii, Muraena cancellata, Thyrsoidea kaupii, and Muraena valenciennii are valid as Gymnothorax undulatus." 195804,Gymnothorax vagrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,vagrans,,,,,"(Seale, 1917)", 195805,Gymnothorax vicinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,vicinus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)", 195806,Gymnothorax woodwardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,woodwardi,,,,,"McCulloch, 1912", 195807,Gymnothorax ypsilon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,ypsilon,,,,,"Hatooka & Randall, 1992", 195808,Gymnothorax zonipectis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,zonipectis,,,,,"Seale, 1906","Gymnothorax indong is a synonym of Gymnothorax zonipectis." 195810,Muraena augusti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,augusti,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)","The species was considered a synonym of M. helena (Wirtz et al. 2008), but Jiménez et al. (2007) have confirmed the specific identity of M. augusti using morphological and genetic methods." 195811,Muraena pavonina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,pavonina,,,,,"Richardson, 1845", 195812,Muraena retifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,retifera,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1882", 195813,Muraena robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,robusta,,,,,"Osório, 1911", 195814,Pseudechidna brummeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Pseudechidna,brummeri,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1859)","Gymnothorax megapterus, Strophidon polyodon, and Muraena taenioides are considered synonyms of Pseudechidna brummeri." 195815,Scuticaria okinawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Scuticaria,okinawae,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)","Gymnomuraena brevicauda, Uropterygius sealei, and Scuticaria unicolor are considered synonyms of Scuticaria okinawae." 195816,Scuticaria tigrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Scuticaria,tigrina,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)", 195818,Uropterygius concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,concolor,,,,,"Rüppell, 1838","Gymnomuraena fascia, Anarchias insuetus, and Anarchias vermiformis are considered synonyms of Uropterygius concolor. This species apparently occurs from the Red Sea and East Africa to Polynesia. However, this range may represent a species complex (Smith pers. comm. 2011)." 195819,Uropterygius fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)",Uropterygius goslinei is considered a synonym of Uropterygius fasciolatus. 195820,Uropterygius genie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,genie,,,,,"Randall & Golani, 1995", 195821,Uropterygius golanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,golanii,,,,,"McCosker & Smith, 1997", 195822,Uropterygius inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,inornatus,,,,,"Gosline, 1958", 195823,Uropterygius kamar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,kamar,,,,,"McCosker & Randall, 1977", 195824,Uropterygius macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1864)","Anarchias knighti, Uropterygius makatei, Gymnomuraena nectura, and Uropterygius reidi are synonyms of Uropterygius macrocephalus." 195825,Uropterygius macularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,macularius,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1825)", 195826,Uropterygius marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,marmoratus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 195827,Uropterygius micropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,micropterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",Anarchias reticulatus and Uropterygius tinkhami are synonyms of Uropterygius micropterus. 195828,Uropterygius nagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,nagoensis,,,,,"Hatooka, 1984", 195829,Uropterygius polyspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,polyspilus,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)", 195830,Uropterygius supraforatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,supraforatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)","The Hawaiian population, described as Uropterygius dentatus (Schultz 1953), is morphologically distinct from U. supraforatus (Smith 2012). Although U. dentatus is currently treated as a junior synonym of U. supraforatus, following Bölke and Randall (2000), further taxonomic work may recognize it as a valid species in the future (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2011, Smith 2012)." 195831,Uropterygius xanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,xanthopterus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1859","

This species has been confused with U. alboguttatus in the literature.

" 195832,Uropterygius xenodontus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,xenodontus,,,,,"McCosker & Smith, 1997", 195833,Myroconger compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MYROCONGRIDAE,Myroconger,compressus,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 195838,Aldrovandia phalacra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Aldrovandia,phalacra,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 195839,Aldrovandia rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Aldrovandia,rostrata,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 195840,Halosauropsis macrochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Halosauropsis,macrochir,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 195841,Halosaurus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Halosaurus,attenuatus,,,,,"Garman, 1899",The subpopulations in the Atlantic and Pacific may represent two different species. More research is needed concerning their taxonomy. 195843,Halosaurus johnsonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Halosaurus,johnsonianus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1888", 195844,Halosaurus ovenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,HALOSAURIDAE,Halosaurus,ovenii,,,,,"Johnson, 1864", 195852,Notacanthus chemnitzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,NOTACANTHIFORMES,NOTACANTHIDAE,Notacanthus,chemnitzii,,,,,"Bloch, 1788", 195857,Gymnothorax rueppelliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,rueppelliae,,,,,"(McClelland, 1844)","Spelling of Gymnothorax rueppellii has been changed to Gymnothorax rueppelliae. Muraena interrupta, Gymnothorax leucacme, Muraena petelli, Gymnothorax signifer, and Gymnothorax waialuae are synonyms of Gymnothorax rueppelliae." 195871,Bathygobius antilliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,antilliensis,,,,,"Tornabene, Baldwin & Pezold, 2010","

This species is commonly reported in collections as Bathygobius soporator.

" 195872,Bathygobius lacertus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,lacertus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)",

This species has been recently resurrected. It was previously considered a synonym of Bathygobius soporator and may still be confused with this species in collections.

195873,Elacatinus colini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,colini,,,,,"Randall & Lobel, 2009",

This species has been recently described (Randall and Lobel 2009).

195874,Elacatinus lobeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,lobeli,,,,,"Randall & Colin, 2009", 195875,Elacatinus serranilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,serranilla,,,,,"Randall & Lobel, 2009","

This species has been recently described. It was previously considered to be a color morph of Elacatinus xanthiprora.

" 195877,Ptereleotris randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,randalli,,,,,"Gasparini, Rocha & Floeter, 2001", 195879,Derilissus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Derilissus,nanus,,,,,"Briggs, 1969", 195880,Tomicodon briggsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,briggsi,,,,,"Williams & Tyler, 2003", 195881,Tomicodon reitzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,reitzae,,,,,"Briggs, 2001", 195883,Eucinostomus havana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,havana,,,,,"(Nichols, 1912)", 195884,Gramma dejongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Gramma,dejongi,,,,,"Victor & Randall, 2010",This is a sympatric sibling species to Gramma loreto (Victor and Randall 2010). 195885,Apogon axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,axillaris,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1832", 195886,Apogon imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,imberbis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 196003,Darevskia lindholmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,lindholmi,,,,,"(Szczerbak, 1962)","The name Darevskia lindholmi has, MacCulloch et al. (2000) note, an ""unusual history"" (Ineich and Doronin 2017). No species of this or a related name has ever been formally described; Latz and Cyrén (1936) provisionally proposed the subspecific epithet lindholmi for Crimean specimens, should these prove distinct from the topotypes of Lacerta saxicola (which they did not examine), and these authors have subsequently been treated as the authors of this name. Doronin (2012a) subsequently corrected this, clarifying that according to the Zoological Code of Nomenclature the author of Lacerta saxicola lindholmi must be Ščerbak, 1962.

The only differential diagnosis appears to be a table presented by MacCulloch et al. (2000), but these authors did not formally describe the taxon (which they determined warranted specific status, as earlier suggested by Ryabinin et al. 1996). The name has subsequently been accepted, as Darevskia lindholmi (Ananjeva et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008)." 196005,Boiga hoeseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,hoeseli,,,,,"Ramadhan, Iskandar & Subasri, 2010","The species was previously included within Boiga cynodon, but differs in body colouration and having a higher number of body scales. The Lesser Sunda island population was described as the new species Boiga hoeseli by Ramadhan et al. (2010)." 196006,Dendrelaphis ashoki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,ashoki,,,,,"Vogel & van Rooijen, 2011","Earlier included under Dendrelaphis pictus (Linnaeus, 1758). The populations referred to as D. pictus from Western Ghats are now recognized as Dendrelaphis ashoki Vogel and Rooijen, 2011 following a revision of this species complex in India." 196008,Lycodon gongshan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,gongshan,,,,,"Vogel & Luo, 2011", 196009,Lycodon synaptor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,synaptor,,,,,"Vogel & David, 2010", 196011,Ovophis monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Ovophis,monticola,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",The distribution of Ovophis monticola (sensu stricto) follows Malhotra et al. (2011). 196116,Backeljaia corbellai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Backeljaia,corbellai,,,,,"(Martínez-Ortí, 2011)", 196120,Sason sechellanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,BARYCHELIDAE,Sason,sechellanum,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196122,Idioctis intertidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,BARYCHELIDAE,Idioctis,intertidalis,,,,,"(Benoit & Legendre, 1968)", 196124,Conothele truncicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CTENIZIDAE,Conothele,truncicola,,,,,"Saaristo, 2002", 196126,Nesiergus gardineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Nesiergus,gardineri,,,,,"(Hirst, 1911)", 196128,Nesiergus halophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Nesiergus,halophilus,,,,,"Benoit, 1978", 196130,Larinia dasia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Larinia,dasia,,,,,"(Roberts, 1983)", 196132,Prasonica anarillea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Prasonica,anarillea,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196134,Prasonicella marsa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Prasonicella,marsa,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196137,Clubiona hitchinsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CLUBIONIDAE,Clubiona,hitchinsi,,,,,"Saaristo, 2002", 196138,Clubiona mahensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CLUBIONIDAE,Clubiona,mahensis,,,,,"Simon, 1893", 196139,Clubiona nigrimaculosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CLUBIONIDAE,Clubiona,nigrimaculosa,,,,,"Blackwall, 1877", 196143,Paccius quadridentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CORINNIDAE,Paccius,quadridentatus,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196153,Apolania segmentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CTENIDAE,Apolania,segmentata,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196156,Pritha heikkii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,FILISTATIDAE,Pritha,heikkii,,,,,"Saaristo, 1978", 196158,Microdrassus inaudax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Microdrassus,inaudax,,,,,"(Simon, 1898)", 196160,Xerophaeus espoir,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Xerophaeus,espoir,,,,,"Platnick, 1981", 196163,Microdipoena elsae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,MYSMENIDAE,Microdipoena,elsae,,,,,"Saaristo, 1978", 196167,Euso muehlenbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OCHYROCERATIDAE,Euso,muehlenbergi,,,,,"(Saaristo, 1998)", 196169,Ouette ouette,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OCHYROCERATIDAE,Ouette,ouette,,,,,"Saaristo, 1998", 196171,Roche roche,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OCHYROCERATIDAE,Roche,roche,,,,,"Saaristo, 1998", 196174,Brignolia bowleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Brignolia,bowleri,,,,,"(Saaristo, 2002)","This species is valid as Brignolia bowleri (Saaristo, 2002)" 196176,Cousinea keeleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Cousinea,keeleyi,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196178,Farqua quadrimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Farqua,quadrimaculata,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196180,Gamasomorpha austera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Gamasomorpha,austera,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196181,Gamasomorpha mornensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Gamasomorpha,mornensis,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196183,Ischnothyrella jivani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Ischnothyrella,jivani,,,,,"(Benoit, 1979)", 196185,Ischnothyreus serpentinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Ischnothyreus,serpentinum,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196187,Lionneta gerlachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,gerlachi,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196188,Lionneta mahensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,mahensis,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196189,Lionneta orophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,orophila,,,,,"(Benoit, 1979)", 196190,Lionneta praslinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,praslinensis,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196191,Lionneta savyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,savyi,,,,,"(Benoit, 1979)", 196192,Lionneta sechellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,sechellensis,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196193,Lionneta silhouettei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,silhouettei,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196194,Lionneta veli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Lionneta,veli,,,,,"Saaristo, 2002", 196196,Brignolia trichinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Brignolia,trichinalis,,,,,"(Benoit, 1979)","This species should be known as Brignolia trichinalis (Benoit, 1979)" 196198,Heteroonops tetraspinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Heteroonops,tetraspinosus,,,,,"(Saaristo, 2001)","This species should be known as Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1891)" 196200,Opopaea probosciella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Opopaea,probosciella,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196201,Opopaea suspecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Opopaea,suspecta,,,,,"Saaristo, 2002", 196203,Orchestina justini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Orchestina,justini,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196204,Orchestina maureen,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Orchestina,maureen,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196205,Orchestina sechellorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Orchestina,sechellorum,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196207,Patri david,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Patri,david,,,,,"(Benoit, 1979)", 196209,Pelicinus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Pelicinus,marmoratus,,,,,"Simon, 1891", 196211,Prida sechellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Prida,sechellensis,,,,,"(Benoit, 1979)", 196213,Noideattella assumptia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Noideattella,assumptia,,,,,"(Saaristo, 2001)", 196214,Silhouettella curieusei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Silhouettella,curieusei,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196216,Stenoonops opisthornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Stenoonops,opisthornatus,,,,,"Benoit, 1979", 196219,Hybosida dauban,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PALPIMANIDAE,Hybosida,dauban,,,,,"Platnick, 1979", 196220,Hybosida lucida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PALPIMANIDAE,Hybosida,lucida,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196224,Steriphopus lacertosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PALPIMANIDAE,Steriphopus,lacertosus,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196227,Cenemus culiculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Cenemus,culiculus,,,,,"(Simon, 1898)", 196228,Cenemus mikehilli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Cenemus,mikehilli,,,,,"Saaristo, 2002", 196229,Cenemus silhouette,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Cenemus,silhouette,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196231,Spermophorides lascars,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Spermophorides,lascars,,,,,"Saaristo, 2001", 196234,Prodida stella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PRODIDOMIDAE,Prodida,stella,,,,,"Saaristo, 2002", 196237,Baviola braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Baviola,braueri,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196238,Baviola luteosignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Baviola,luteosignata,,,,,"Wanless, 1984", 196239,Baviola vanmoli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Baviola,vanmoli,,,,,"Wanless, 1984]", 196241,Carrhotus bellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Carrhotus,bellus,,,,,"Wanless, 1984]", 196243,Cynapes wrighti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Cynapes,wrighti,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196246,Goleba pallens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Goleba,pallens,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196248,Hasarius adansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Hasarius,adansoni,,,,,"(Audouin, 1826)","species known both sexes, illustrated." 196249,Hasarius mahensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Hasarius,mahensis,,,,,"Wanless, 1984", 196250,Hasarius rufociliatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Hasarius,rufociliatus,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196252,Heliophanus activus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Heliophanus,activus,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196254,Hispo alboclypea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Hispo,alboclypea,,,,,"Wanless, 1981", 196255,Hispo striolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Hispo,striolata,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196257,Microbianor golovatchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Microbianor,golovatchi,,,,,"Logunov, 2000", 196258,Microbianor nigritarsus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Microbianor,nigritarsus,,,,,"Logunov, 2000", 196260,Myrmarachne constricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Myrmarachne,constricta,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196262,Pseudicius seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Pseudicius,seychellensis,,,,,"Wanless, 1984", 196264,Sadies fulgida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Sadies,fulgida,,,,,"Wanless, 1984", 196265,Sadies gibbosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Sadies,gibbosa,,,,,"Wanless, 1984", 196266,Sadies seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Sadies,seychellensis,,,,,"Wanless, 1984", 196267,Sadies trifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Sadies,trifasciata,,,,,"Wanless, 1984", 196269,Salpesia soricina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Salpesia,soricina,,,,,"Simon, 1901", 196272,Scytodes pholcoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SCYTODIDAE,Scytodes,pholcoides,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196274,Soeuria soeur,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SCYTODIDAE,Soeuria,soeur,,,,,"Saaristo, 1997", 196279,Selenops secretus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SELENOPIDAE,Selenops,secretus,,,,,"Hirst, 1911", 196282,Damastes validus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SPARASSIDAE,Damastes,validus,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196284,Rhacocnemis guttatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SPARASSIDAE,Rhacocnemis,guttatus,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196286,Thomasettia seychellana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SPARASSIDAE,Thomasettia,seychellana,,,,,"Hirst, 1911", 196288,Pleorotus braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SPARASSIDAE,Pleorotus,braueri,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196290,Stipax triangulifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SPARASSIDAE,Stipax,triangulifer,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196291,Anapistula seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SYMPHYTOGNATHIDAE,Anapistula,seychellensis,,,,,"Saaristo, 1996", 196293,Patu silho,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SYMPHYTOGNATHIDAE,Patu,silho,,,,,"Saaristo, 1996", 196295,Seychellia lodoiceae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TELEMIDAE,Seychellia,lodoiceae,,,,,"Brignoli, 1980", 196296,Seychellia wiljoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TELEMIDAE,Seychellia,wiljoi,,,,,"Saaristo, 1978", 196304,Antennarius biocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennarius,biocellatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)", 196305,Apogon amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,amboinensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 196314,Butis gymnopomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Butis,gymnopomus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)",The whereabouts of the holotype is unknown. 196319,Thryssa baelama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,baelama,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Locality records for this species have been confused with those for Thryssa enchrasichoides and the two species can occur together (Wongratana et al. 1999)." 196320,Galaxias neocaledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,neocaledonicus,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1913", 196322,Akihito futuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Akihito,futuna,,,,,"Keith, Marquet & Watson, 2008", 196323,Akihito vanuatu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Akihito,vanuatu,,,,,"Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2007", 196329,Lentipes kaaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,kaaea,,,,,"Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2002", 196330,Lentipes rubrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,rubrofasciatus,,,,,"Maugé, Marquet & Laboute, 1992", 196331,Lentipes solomonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,solomonensis,,,,,"Jenkins, Allen & Boseto, 2008", 196338,Oligolepis stomias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oligolepis,stomias,,,,,"(Smith, 1941)","There is a taxonomic problem with this species' name. The holotype of Waitea stomias, Smith 1941, was used for the description of genus Waitea by Jordan and Seale 1906, but was misidentified (as Gobius mystacinus Valenciennes, which is Mahidolia mystacina).

Additionally, the species is regularly confused with Oligolepis acutipennis." 196339,Parioglossus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,formosus,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 196341,Parioglossus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,lineatus,,,,,"Rennis & Hoese, 1985", 196342,Parioglossus marginalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,marginalis,,,,,"Rennis & Hoese, 1985","This species was originally described from a small area in southeastern Australia. However, it is thought that Parioglossus neoclaedonicus Dingerkus and Seret, 1992 from New Caledonia may be a synonym. It is also possible that Parioglossus verticalis Rennis and Hoese, 1985 from the Caroline Islands (known only form a single specimen from Pohnpei) may also be a synonym. Genetic studies are required to fully resolve these taxonomic uncertainties (Hoese pers. comm. 2014)." 196343,Parioglossus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,palustris,,,,,"(Herre, 1945)", 196344,Parioglossus rainfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,rainfordi,,,,,"McCulloch, 1921", 196345,Parioglossus raoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,raoi,,,,,"(Herre, 1939)", 196347,Parioglossus triquetrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,triquetrus,,,,,"Rennis & Hoese, 1985", 196348,Periophthalmus argentilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,argentilineatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1837","This species may represent a species complex (H. Larson pers. comm. 2017)." 196349,Periophthalmus kalolo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,kalolo,,,,,"Lesson, 1831",This species has been confused with P. argentilineatus (Larson pers. comm. 2017). 196353,Redigobius lekutu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,lekutu,,,,,"Larson, 2010",This species was recently described by Larson (2010). 196354,Redigobius leveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,leveri,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)",This species was recently reviewed by Larson (2010). 196357,Schismatogobius fuligimentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,fuligimentus,,,,,"Chen, Séret, Pöllabauer & Shao, 2001", 196358,Schismatogobius vanuatuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,vanuatuensis,,,,,"Keith, Marquet & Watson, 2004", 196359,Schismatogobius vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,vitiensis,,,,,"Jenkins & Boseto, 2005", 196360,Sicyopterus aiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,aiensis,,,,,"Keith, Watson & Marquet, 2004", 196364,Sicyopterus macrostetholepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,macrostetholepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 196365,Sicyopterus marquesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,marquesensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1932", 196367,Sicyopterus ouwensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,ouwensi,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 196368,Sicyopterus pugnans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,pugnans,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1884)", 196369,Sicyopterus rapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,rapa,,,,,"Parenti & Maciolek, 1996", 196370,Sicyopterus sarasini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,sarasini,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1915", 196373,Smilosicyopus bitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Smilosicyopus,bitaeniatus,,,,,"(Maugé, Marquet & Laboute, 1992)", 196374,Smilosicyopus chloe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Smilosicyopus,chloe,,,,,"(Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2001)", 196377,Smilosicyopus sasali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Smilosicyopus,sasali,,,,,"(Keith & Marquet, 2005)", 196381,Stenogobius caudimaculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,caudimaculosus,,,,,"Watson, 1991",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

196382,Stenogobius genivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,genivittatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","

There are many misidentifications of this species. This species was separated in 1991 - previously the name was applied to many Stenogobius species. Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.


" 196384,Stenogobius keletaona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,keletaona,,,,,"Keith & Marquet, 2006",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

196386,Stenogobius marqueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,marqueti,,,,,"Watson, 1991",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

196388,Stenogobius randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,randalli,,,,,"Watson, 1991",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

196389,Stenogobius squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,squamosus,,,,,"Watson, 1991",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

196391,Stenogobius yateiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,yateiensis,,,,,"Keith, Watson & Marquet, 2002",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

196392,Stiphodon astilbos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,astilbos,,,,,"Ryan, 1986", 196394,Stiphodon birdsong,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,birdsong,,,,,"Watson, 1996", 196395,Stiphodon discotorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,discotorquatus,,,,,"Watson, 1995", 196397,Stiphodon hydroreibatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,hydroreibatus,,,,,"Watson, 1999","In the original description, the species is called Stiphodon hydoreibatus - Watson (1999) misspelled the name throughout the publication." 196398,Stiphodon julieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,julieni,,,,,"Keith, Watson & Marquet, 2002", 196399,Stiphodon kalfatak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,kalfatak,,,,,"Keith, Marquet & Watson, 2007", 196401,Stiphodon mele,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,mele,,,,,"Keith, Marquet & Pouilly, 2009", 196402,Stiphodon rubromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,rubromaculatus,,,,,"Keith & Marquet, 2007", 196404,Stiphodon sapphirinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,sapphirinus,,,,,"Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2005", 196406,Stiphodon tuivi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,tuivi,,,,,"Watson, 1995", 196407,Taenioides cirratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Taenioides,cirratus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)",This genus is presently under review and there are 5-6 names that may apply to various populations of this species. All information is thus tentative. 196408,Plectorhinchus gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,gibbosus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 196411,Kuhlia malo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,malo,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)","

This species was previously regarded as a junior synonym of Kuhlia marginata and only recognized as distinct in 2001. The work has been based on limited material and further genetic work is needed. The full geographical distribution and literature information on the species are not well known.

" 196412,Kuhlia mugil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,mugil,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","This species is often misidentified in older literature as Kuhlia taeniura
" 196413,Kuhlia munda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,munda,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)","

Synonyms of this species include: Dules humilis, 1884 (Queensland); Kuhlia proxima Kendall & Goldsborough, 1911 (Fiji); Kuhlia bilunulata Herre, 1935 (Fiji); Kuhlia boninensis (Fowler, 1907).

" 196414,Kuhlia salelea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,salelea,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 196418,Cestraeus goldiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Cestraeus,goldiei,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)", 196422,Crenimugil heterocheilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Crenimugil,heterocheilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 196426,Lamnostoma orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Lamnostoma,orientalis,,,,,"(McClelland, 1844)", 196427,Lamnostoma polyophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Lamnostoma,polyophthalma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 196435,Rhyacichthys guilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,RHYACICHTHYIDAE,Rhyacichthys,guilberti,,,,,"Dingerkus & Séret, 1992",This species is currently under revision. Clarification of its taxonomy is required. 196436,Siganus vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,vermiculatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)",There has been some confusion with other species in the past (Woodland 1990). 196439,Ophisternon gutturale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Ophisternon,gutturale,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)",There is considerable uncertainty about the identity of Synbranchid swamp eels in Australia. There are likely multiple species covered in this species. 196440,Hippichthys albomaculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippichthys,albomaculosus,,,,,"Jenkins & Mailautoka, 2010", 196441,Microphis argulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,argulus,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Coelonotus to be a subgenus of Microphis based on morphology and meristics. Kottelat (2013) and Delrieu-Trottin et al. (2015) resurrect Coelonotus with no annotation or justification. 196442,Microphis brevidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,brevidorsalis,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1913)", 196443,Microphis cruentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,cruentus,,,,,"Dawson & Fourmanoir, 1981", 196444,Microphis manadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,manadensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Oostethus to be a subgenus of Microphis based on morphology and meristics. Kottelat (2013) resurrected Oostethus with no annotation or justification. 196445,Microphis mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,mento,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 196446,Microphis retzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,retzii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 196447,Mesopristes argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Mesopristes,argenteus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 196448,Mesopristes cancellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Mesopristes,cancellatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 196450,Tetraroge nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Tetraroge,nigra,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 196451,Toxotes jaculatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TOXOTIDAE,Toxotes,jaculatrix,,,,,"(Pallas, 1767)", 196453,Ceuthomantis smaragdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Ceuthomantis,smaragdinus,,,,,"Heinicke, Duellman, Trueb, Means, MacCulloch & Hedges, 2009", 196456,Mariblemma pandani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRABLEMMIDAE,Mariblemma,pandani,,,,,"(Brignoli, 1978)", 196458,Tetrablemma benoiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRABLEMMIDAE,Tetrablemma,benoiti,,,,,"(Brignoli, 1978)", 196461,Mesida thorelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRAGNATHIDAE,Mesida,thorelli,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196463,Tylorida mornensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRAGNATHIDAE,Tylorida,mornensis,,,,,"(Benoit, 1978)", 196466,Argyrodella pusillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Argyrodella,pusillus,,,,,"(Saaristo, 1978)", 196468,Argyrodes chionus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Argyrodes,chionus,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196469,Argyrodes cognatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Argyrodes,cognatus,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196470,Argyrodes fissifrontellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Argyrodes,fissifrontellus,,,,,"Saaristo, 1978", 196471,Argyrodes rostratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Argyrodes,rostratus,,,,,"Blackwall, 1877", 196473,Bardala labarda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Bardala,labarda,,,,,"(Roberts, 1983)", 196475,Dipoena hasra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Dipoena,hasra,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196476,Dipoena pristea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Dipoena,pristea,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196478,Euryopis helcra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Euryopis,helcra,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196480,Moneta coercervea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Moneta,coercervea,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 196482,Nanume naneum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Nanume,naneum,,,,,"(Roberts, 1983)", 196484,Phycosoma menustya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Phycosoma,menustya,,,,,"(Roberts, 1983)", 196485,Phycosoma spundana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Phycosoma,spundana,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)",Known from both sexes illustrated. 196487,Rhomphaea recurvata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Rhomphaea,recurvata,,,,,"(Saaristo, 1978)", 196488,Rhomphaea barycephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Rhomphaea,barycephala,,,,,"(Roberts, 1983)", 196490,Robertia braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Robertia,braueri,,,,,"(Simon, 1898)", 196492,Sesato setosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Sesato,setosa,,,,,"Saaristo, 2006", 196494,Spinembolia clabnum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Spinembolia,clabnum,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 196496,Stoda libudum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Stoda,libudum,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 196498,Theridion cloxum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Theridion,cloxum,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196499,Theridion mehlum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Theridion,mehlum,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196500,Theridion nagorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Theridion,nagorum,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196501,Theridion palanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Theridion,palanum,,,,,"Roberts, 1983", 196504,Andasta benoiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIOSOMATIDAE,Andasta,benoiti,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 196505,Andasta siltte,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIOSOMATIDAE,Andasta,siltte,,,,,"Saaristo, 1996", 196507,Zoma zoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIOSOMATIDAE,Zoma,zoma,,,,,"Saaristo, 1996", 196510,Firmicus insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THOMISIDAE,Firmicus,insularis,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1877)", 196513,Voraptus tenellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,MITURGIDAE,Voraptus,tenellus,,,,,"(Simon, 1893)", 196517,Charinus seychellarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,AMBLYPYGI,CHARINIDAE,Charinus,seychellarum,,,,,"Kraepelin, 1898", 196520,Phrynichus scaber,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,AMBLYPYGI,PHRYNICHIDAE,Phrynichus,scaber,,,,,"(Gervais, 1844)", 196524,Compsaditha seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,TRIDENCHTHONIIDAE,Compsaditha,seychellensis,,,,,"Beier, 1974", 196527,Ideoblothrus seychellesensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,SYARINIDAE,Ideoblothrus,seychellesensis,,,,,"(Chamberlin, 1930)", 196530,Aldabrinus aldabrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,GARYPINIDAE,Aldabrinus,aldabrinus,,,,,"Chamberlin, 1930", 196533,Afrogarypus seychellesensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,GEOGARYPIDAE,Afrogarypus,seychellesensis,,,,,"(Beier, 1940)", 196535,Geogarypus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,GEOGARYPIDAE,Geogarypus,ocellatus,,,,,"Mahnert, 1978", 196538,Beierolpium benoiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,OLPIIDAE,Beierolpium,benoiti,,,,,"Mahnert, 1978", 196540,Xenolpium insulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,OLPIIDAE,Xenolpium,insulare,,,,,"Beier, 1940", 196543,Anatemnus seychellesensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,ATEMNIDAE,Anatemnus,seychellesensis,,,,,"Beier, 1940",The taxonomic limits within this genus are poorly understood and this species may not be endemic to the Seychelles islands. 196545,Oratemnus brevidigitatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,ATEMNIDAE,Oratemnus,brevidigitatus,,,,,"Beier, 1940","This species may be synonymous with the widespread Oratemnus navigator (Wirth, 1906)" 196548,Nesowithius seychellesensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,WITHIIDAE,Nesowithius,seychellesensis,,,,,"Beier, 1940", 196552,Anepsiozomus sobrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCHIZOMIDA,HUBBARDIIDAE,Anepsiozomus,sobrinus,,,,,"Harvey, 2001", 196553,Hypsilurus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,macrolepis,,,,,"Peters, 1872","This species is included in older literature within Gonocephalus godeffroyi (e.g. McCoy 1978, McCoy 1980). The Melanesian-Australian agamid genus Hypsilurus was completely reviewed by Manthey and Denzer (2006), and the name Hypsilurus macrolepis resurrected for this endemic eastern Solomon Island species. The characters these authors used to differentiate this species from H. longi are, however, not adequately defined, and further comparative material is required to verify species boundaries in these taxa (M. McCoy pers. comm. 2012)." 196554,Hypsilurus longi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,longi,,,,,"(MacLeay, 1877)","The Melanesian-Australian agamid genus Hypsilurus was completely reviewed by Manthey and Denzer (2006), and the name Hypsilurus macrolepis resurrected for this endemic eastern Solomon Island species. The characters these authors used to differentiate the resurrected Hypsilurus macrolepis (formerly a synonym of H. godeffroyi) from H. longi are not adequately defined, and further comparative material is required to verify species boundaries in these taxa (M. McCoy pers. comm. 2012)." 196558,Bothrochilus boa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Bothrochilus,boa,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 196559,Candoia aspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Candoia,aspera,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","Two subspecies are recognized: Candoia aspera aspera, confined to the Bismarck Archipelago, and C. a. schmidti throughout the remainder of the range." 196560,Candoia paulsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Candoia,paulsoni,,,,,"(Stull, 1956)","For all Candoia spp., current taxonomy follows Reynolds and Henderson (2018) and relevant references cited therein, who distinguish five species and 12 populations. At present Candoia paulsoni includes six populations, i.e. C, p. paulsoni, C. p. mcdowelli, C. p. rosadoi, C. p. sadlieri, C. p. tasmai, and C. p. vindumi." 196561,Candoia carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Candoia,carinata,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","The type locality of Candoia carinata is Ambon Island (Böhme et al. 1998). Currently two populations are recognized, C. c. carinata and C. c. tepedeleni (Smith et al. 2001).  The taxonomic status of specimens in Raja Ampat is uncertain (A. Stubbs pers. comm. 2019). The genus still remains taxonomically unresolved, and Indonesia's historical collection needs to be re-examined (A Stubbs pers. comm. 2019)." 196562,Boiga irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,irregularis,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1802)", 196564,Stegonotus heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,heterurus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893", 196565,Stegonotus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,modestus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Kaiser et al. (2018) revised the complicated taxonomy of this species, restricting it to the northern islands in Maluku and removed Lycodon aruensis and L. lividum from synonymy. A consequence of this action, which Kaiser et al. (2018) acknowledge as ""unfortunate"", is that records from New Guinea - where S. modestus was formerly considered to be widespread and likely to represent records of multiple species - cannot presently be assigned with confidence to any named species." 196566,Tropidonophis hypomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,hypomelas,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 196568,Loveridgelaps elapoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Loveridgelaps,elapoides,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 196569,Salomonelaps par,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Salomonelaps,par,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)", 196570,Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,louisiadensis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1892)", 196572,Gekko vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,vittatus,,,,,"Houttuyn, 1782","The taxonomic status of Gekko vittatus is currently uncertain and should be reconsidered when published data becomes available (M. McCoy pers. comm. November 2011)." 196573,Hemiphyllodactylus ganoklonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,ganoklonis,,,,,"Zug, 2010", 196579,Lepidodactylus manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,manni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1923", 196585,Lepidodactylus tepukapili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,tepukapili,,,,,"Zug, Watling, Alefaio, Alefaio & Ludescher, 2003",This species exhibits low levels of genetic differentiation from Lepidodactylus gardneri (P. Oliver et al. 2020). 196587,Perochirus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Perochirus,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 196588,Perochirus scutellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Perochirus,scutellatus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1882)", 196590,Carlia ailanpalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,ailanpalai,,,,,"Zug, 2004", 196593,Corucia zebrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Corucia,zebrata,,,,,"Gray, 1855","A unique and specialised species, in a monotypic genus, described by Gray (1855). Köhler (1997) referred the Bougainville and Buka populations to the subspecies Corucia zebrata alfredschmidti based on the colour and pattern of live animals. McCoy (2006), on the basis of this description, suggests that this would also include the Shortland Islands populations. All individuals to the east of the Shortland Islands are thus referred to as Corucia zebrata zebrata." 196594,Cryptoblepharus eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,eximius,,,,,"Girard, 1857", 196596,Cryptoblepharus novohebridicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,novohebridicus,,,,,"Mertens, 1928", 196599,Emoia bismarckensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,bismarckensis,,,,,"Brown, 1983", 196600,Emoia campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,campbelli,,,,,"Brown & Gibbons, 1986", 196601,Emoia concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,concolor,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)","This species appears to be a complex of several species, the taxonomy is currently being assessed by several researchers (Hamilton, Fisher, Richmond, and Zug). Recent surveys in southern Lau have found that populations there might represent separate species (R. Fisher pers. comm.)." 196602,Emoia cyanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,cyanogaster,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 196603,Emoia erronan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,erronan,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 196604,Emoia flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,flavigularis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1932", 196607,Emoia kordoana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,kordoana,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 196609,Emoia mivarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,mivarti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 196610,Emoia mokosariniveikau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,mokosariniveikau,,,,,"Zug & Ineich, 1995", 196612,Emoia nigromarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,nigromarginata,,,,,"(Roux, 1913)", 196613,Emoia parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,parkeri,,,,,"Brown, Pernetta & Watling, 1980", 196615,Emoia pseudocyanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,pseudocyanura,,,,,"Brown, 1991","M. McCoy (pers. comm. November 2011) states that ""Based on extensive observations of living lizards in the wild, and examination of preserved specimens, I believe that the Malaita population of this skink may represent an undescribed species.""" 196616,Emoia rennellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,rennellensis,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 196617,Emoia rufilabialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,rufilabialis,,,,,"McCoy & Webber, 1984", 196618,Emoia samoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,samoensis,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)", 196619,Emoia sanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,sanfordi,,,,,"Schmidt & Burt, 1930", 196620,Emoia schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,schmidti,,,,,"Brown, 1954", 196621,Emoia slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,slevini,,,,,"Brown & Falanruw, 1972", 196622,Emoia taumakoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,taumakoensis,,,,,"McCoy & Webber, 1984", 196623,Emoia tuitarere,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,tuitarere,,,,,"Zug, Hamilton & Austin, 2011","This species was originally described as a Raratonga population of Emoia trossula. Its appropriate taxonomic rank is unclear. Although it was originally described based on its molecular differentiation from other island populations of E. trossula (Zug et al. 2011), unpublished genetic results confirm its close relationship to E. trossula and it has been suggested that it may warrant subspecific rank within E. trossula (R. Fisher pers. comm. 2012). This account considers E. tuitarere a valid full species pending any formal taxonomic action to change its taxonomic status and to clarify the taxonomy of E. trossula, which Zug et al. (2011) imply may be a species complex." 196624,Emoia trossula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,trossula,,,,,"Brown & Gibbons, 1986","This is considered to be a species complex, and it is likely that the population from Rotuma is a separate species." 196626,Eugongylus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eugongylus,rufescens,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","This is a species complex, the nominate population is from the southern Maluku Islands from Seram and Ambon, these are likely different from other populations (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019)." 196627,Geomyersia glabra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Geomyersia,glabra,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1968", 196628,Leiolopisma alazon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leiolopisma,alazon,,,,,"Zug, 1985", 196630,Ornithuroscincus noctua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ornithuroscincus,noctua,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)","Specimens from the Talaud Islands represent a distinct, undescribed, species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019)." 196631,Lipinia rouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,rouxi,,,,,"Hediger, 1934", 196633,Sphenomorphus bignelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,bignelli,,,,,"Schmidt, 1932","This species is currently incorrectly included in Sphenomorphus, it needs to be reassigned to another genus (G. Shea pers. comm. to M. McCoy November 2011)." 196634,Sphenomorphus concinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,concinnatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 196635,Sphenomorphus cranei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,cranei,,,,,"Schmidt, 1932", 196636,Sphenomorphus fragosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,fragosus,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1967", 196641,Sphenomorphus solomonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,solomonis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)",This is most likely a species complex. 196642,Sphenomorphus tanneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tanneri,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1967", 196643,Sphenomorphus taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,taylori,,,,,"Burt, 1930", 196644,Sphenomorphus transversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,transversus,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1971", 196645,Sphenomorphus woodfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,woodfordi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 196646,Tiliqua gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tiliqua,gigas,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 196647,Tribolonotus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,annectens,,,,,"Zweifel, 1966", 196648,Tribolonotus brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,brongersmai,,,,,"Cogger, 1973", 196649,Tribolonotus pseudoponceleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,pseudoponceleti,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1968","The populations on Buka and Bougainville show some genetic differences, which may necessitate undertaking conservation measures for both island populations." 196650,Tribolonotus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,schmidti,,,,,"Burt, 1930", 196651,Acutotyphlops infralabialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Acutotyphlops,infralabialis,,,,,"(Waite, 1918)", 196652,Acutotyphlops kunuaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Acutotyphlops,kunuaensis,,,,,"Wallach, 1995", 196654,Acutotyphlops subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Acutotyphlops,subocularis,,,,,"(Waite, 1897)", 196656,Ramphotyphlops angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,angusticeps,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)","This species was described with a New Caledonian type locality, however, all subsequent records of this species are from the Solomon Islands and the New Caledonian locality is presumed to be in error (G. Shea pers. comm. 2013)." 196657,Ramphotyphlops becki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,becki,,,,,"(Tanner, 1948)", 196659,Ramphotyphlops mansuetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,mansuetus,,,,,"(Barbour, 1921)", 196660,Gerrhopilus depressiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,depressiceps,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1913)", 196661,Varanus juxtindicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,juxtindicus,,,,,"Böhme, Philipp & Ziegler, 2002","Although the Rennell Island monitor has been raised to full species level (Böhme et al. 2002), McCoy (2006) regards Varanus juxtindicus as a synonym of V. indicus." 196662,Varanus spinulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,spinulosus,,,,,"Mertens, 1941","Long regarded as a subspecies of the widespread varanid lizard Varanus indicus (Mertens 1941), it was elevated to full species status by Sprackland (1994)." 196663,Palaina chrysalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,chrysalis,,,,,"(Mollendorff, 1887)","Further taxonomic work is required to confirm whether specimens found in Palau are of this species.

Type species of Cylindropalaina Moellendorff, 1897. Known from subspecies chrysalis s. str. and cylindrus Moellendorff, 1893
" 196665,Palaeohelicina heterochroa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Palaeohelicina,heterochroa,,,,,"Wagner, 1905", 196667,Pleuropoma pelewensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Pleuropoma,pelewensis,,,,,"(Sykes, 1901)", 196670,Elasmias ovatulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Elasmias,ovatulum,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1900", 196671,Ijimaia antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ijimaia,antillarum,,,,,"Howell Rivero, 1935",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 196672,Opsanus pardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Opsanus,pardus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1880)", 196677,Fundulus xenica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,xenica,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882","According to the results of a morphological study by Wiley (1986), the sister group of Fundulus plus Lucania is a group composed of the genera Adinia and Leptolucania. The genus Adinia was synonomized with Fundulus by Ghedotti and Davis (2013)." 196678,Fundulus jenkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,jenkinsi,,,,,"(Evermann, 1892)", 196679,Fundulus pulvereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,pulvereus,,,,,"(Evermann, 1892)", 196680,Coryphaenoides mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,mexicanus,,,,,"(Parr, 1946)", 196681,Ogcocephalus declivirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,declivirostris,,,,,"Bradbury, 1980", 196682,Oneirodes bradburyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,bradburyae,,,,,"Grey, 1956", 196683,Gunterichthys longipenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Gunterichthys,longipenis,,,,,"Dawson, 1966", 196684,Parasaccogaster rhamphidognatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Parasaccogaster,rhamphidognatha,,,,,"(Cohen, 1987)", 196686,Chasmodes longimaxilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Chasmodes,longimaxilla,,,,,"Williams, 1983", 196687,Hypleurochilus caudovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,caudovittatus,,,,,"Bath, 1994", 196688,Hypleurochilus multifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,multifilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 196689,Microdesmus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,lanceolatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1962", 196691,Exechodontes daidaleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Exechodontes,daidaleus,,,,,"DeWitt, 1977", 196692,Lycenchelys bullisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycenchelys,bullisi,,,,,"Cohen, 1964", 196693,Gymnachirus texae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Gymnachirus,texae,,,,,"(Gunter, 1936)", 196694,Citharichthys abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,abbotti,,,,,"Dawson, 1969", 196695,Prionotus longispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,longispinosus,,,,,"Teague, 1951", 196696,Prionotus paralatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,paralatus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1950", 196697,Eustomias leptobolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,leptobolus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 196699,Nesiergus insulanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Nesiergus,insulanus,,,,,"Simon, 1903", 196701,Cryptothele alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ZODARIIDAE,Cryptothele,alluaudi,,,,,"Simon, 1893", 196703,Apozomus gerlachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCHIZOMIDA,HUBBARDIIDAE,Apozomus,gerlachi,,,,,"Harvey, 2001", 196705,Bamazomus aviculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCHIZOMIDA,HUBBARDIIDAE,Bamazomus,aviculus,,,,,"Harvey, 2001", 196707,Mahezomus apicoporus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCHIZOMIDA,HUBBARDIIDAE,Mahezomus,apicoporus,,,,,"Harvey, 2001", 196709,Ovozomus similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCHIZOMIDA,HUBBARDIIDAE,Ovozomus,similis,,,,,"Harvey, 2001","This species should be known as Ovozomus lunatus (Gravely, 1911)" 19670,Rhodacmea filosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Rhodacmea,filosa,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)","Synonym = Rhodacme filosa (Conrad, 1834)" 196711,Secozomus latipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCHIZOMIDA,HUBBARDIIDAE,Secozomus,latipes,,,,,"Harvey, 2001", 196715,Mecistocephalus angusticeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,GEOPHILOMORPHA,MECISTOCEPHALIDAE,Mecistocephalus,angusticeps,,,,,"Ribaut, 1914", 196716,Mecistocephalus sechellarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,GEOPHILOMORPHA,MECISTOCEPHALIDAE,Mecistocephalus,sechellarum,,,,,"Demange, 1981", 196717,Mecistocephalus cyclops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,GEOPHILOMORPHA,MECISTOCEPHALIDAE,Mecistocephalus,cyclops,,,,,"Brölemann, 1896", 196720,Ityphilus melanostigmus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,GEOPHILOMORPHA,BALLOPHILIDAE,Ityphilus,melanostigmus,,,,,"Attems, 1900", 196724,Australobius sechellarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,LITHOBIOMORPHA,LITHOBIIDAE,Australobius,sechellarum,,,,,"Brölemann, 1895", 196725,Australobius inflatitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,LITHOBIOMORPHA,LITHOBIIDAE,Australobius,inflatitarsis,,,,,"Eason, 1978", 196726,Australobius abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,LITHOBIOMORPHA,LITHOBIIDAE,Australobius,abbreviatus,,,,,"Eason, 1978", 196730,Rhinotus crassiceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYZONIIDA,SIPHONOTIDAE,Rhinotus,crassiceps,,,,,Attems, 196735,Pterozonium braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SIPHONOPHORIDA,SIPHONOPHORIDAE,Pterozonium,braueri,,,,,"(Attems, 1900)", 196737,Gonatotrichus silhouettensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SIPHONOPHORIDA,SIPHONOPHORIDAE,Gonatotrichus,silhouettensis,,,,,"(Mauriès, 1980)", 196738,Pterozonium tropiphorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SIPHONOPHORIDA,SIPHONOPHORIDAE,Pterozonium,tropiphorum,,,,,"(Attems, 1900)", 196742,Diglossosternoides curiosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYDESMIDA,PARADOXOSOMATIDAE,Diglossosternoides,curiosus,,,,,"Golovatch & Korsós, 1992", 196745,Ariadna ustulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SEGESTRIIDAE,Ariadna,ustulata,,,,,"Simon, 1898", 196792,Arius dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,dispar,,,,,"Herre, 1926", 196798,Arius manillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,manillensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 196806,Bagre marinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Bagre,marinus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","Bagre marinus is a species complex that includes two species, Bagre marinus sensu strictu and Bagre bahiensis (Betancur and Marceniuk pers. comm. 2011). This assessment refers to Bagre marinus sensu strictu. A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014)." 196810,Brustiarius nox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Brustiarius,nox,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)", 196811,Brustiarius solidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Brustiarius,solidus,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)", 196813,Carlarius heudelotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Carlarius,heudelotii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Arius. The genus Carlarius was recently described (Marceniuk and Menezes 2007)." 196818,Cathorops arenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,arenatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","

Cathorops spixii is often treated as the only coastal marine species in the genus from the western Atlantic. There are at least eight species widely cited in the literature as C. spixii. The taxonomic revisions follow Betancur and Acero (2005), Marceniuk and Betancur (2008), Marceniuk (2007) and Marceniuk et al. (in press). A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014).
Among the Cathorops species in the Atlantic, Cathorops arenatus is the most similar, and frequently confused with Cathorops spixii.

" 196819,Cathorops belizensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,belizensis,,,,,"Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008",This is a relatively newly described species (Marceniuk and Betancur 2008). A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014). 196820,Cathorops higuchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,higuchii,,,,,"Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008",This is a newly described species (Marceniuk and Betancur 2008). A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014). 196821,Cathorops kailolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,kailolae,,,,,"Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008", 196825,Cathorops melanopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,melanopus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 196830,Cephalocassis borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cephalocassis,borneensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 196831,Cephalocassis manillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cephalocassis,manillensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","This is considered species inquirenda under Cephalocassis (Kottelat 2013). The genus placement is tentative, based on the treatment in Desoutter (1977) as a valid species of Hemipimelodus, and the uncertain status of the species in Kailola (2004) (Ferraris 2007)." 196832,Cephalocassis melanochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cephalocassis,melanochir,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 196833,Cinetodus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cinetodus,carinatus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 196834,Pachyula crassilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Pachyula,crassilabris,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 21669,Pachyula conorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Pachyula,conorhynchus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 196836,Cochlefelis danielsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cochlefelis,danielsi,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 196837,Cochlefelis spatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cochlefelis,spatula,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 196847,Hemiarius stormii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Hemiarius,stormii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 196854,Nedystoma dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Nedystoma,dayi,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 196855,Doiichthys novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Doiichthys,novaeguineae,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 196858,Nemapteryx augusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Nemapteryx,augusta,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 169360,Neoarius berneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,berneyi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1941)", 196863,Neoarius coatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,coatesi,,,,,"(Kailola, 1990)", 196864,Neoarius graeffei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,graeffei,,,,,"(Kner & Steindachner, 1867)", 196881,Macrobrachium shaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,shaoi,,,,,"Cai & Jeng, 2001", 196882,Macrobrachium moorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,moorei,,,,,"(Calman, 1899)", 196915,Hemidactylus mabouia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,mabouia,,,,,"(Moreau de Jonnès, 1818)","

Vences et al. (2004) confirmed the validity of Hemidactylus mercatorius as a species distinct from H. mabouia, with which it had previously been confused, considering that it represented mainland African and Madagascan members of this species complex. Uncertainty over the exact definitions of these two species, and potential confusion with additional species of Hemidactylus, remain, making it difficult to establish the global distribution of either H. mercatorius or H. mabouia. Vences et al. (2004) found that Madagascan H. mercatorius were genetically distinct from a sample from Mozambique. Within Madagascan H. mercatorius, at least three distinct lineages appear to exist (Vences et al. 2004, Boumans et al. 2007). Rocha et al. (2005) found that Gulf of Guinea ""H. mabouia"" identified by Jesus et al. (2005) belonged to the northern Madagascar lineage of H. mercatorius identified by Vences et al. (2004). This concept of H. mercatorius as a widespread island species appears to correspond to Clade A of the H. mabouia-mercatorius complex identified by Rocha et al. (2010), which is also found in Tanzania, South Africa (where three separate lineages have been identified), Uganda, the Seychelles, including a lineage endemic to the Aldabra archipelago, and Réunion (Sanchez et al. 2012). However, given the apparent basal relationships of mainland African members of this clade and continuing uncertainty over their taxonomic assignment, this assessment follows Rocha et al. (2010) in restricting the name H. mercatorius to island populations within this clade, with continental populations remaining under the name H. mabouia until the taxonomy of this species complex is resolved. This treatment is acknowledged as being ""completely inadequate"" (Rocha et al. 2010) as East African coastal populations alone exhibit substantial variation both between and within several recognized major lineages, and the taxonomy of this species complex, and clarification of the mainland African range of H. mercatorius, is in need of further resolution. Based on current understanding, Clade A of H. mercatorius also appears to represent introduced populations in South America and Cape Verde traditionally referred to H. mabouia (Carranza and Arnold 2006, S. Rocha pers, comm. April 2012). Research into the genetics of South American H. mabouia is however preliminary. Only one lineage has so far been identified from Brazil, however there is insufficient data to clarify whether this is the only introduced lineage in the Americas (D. Borges pers. comm. April 2012). Pending resolution of this issue, all Neotropical introductions of this species are referable to H. mabouia (D. Borges pers. comm. April 2012), and this treatment is followed here. Within mainland West Africa, populations of H. mabouia ranging from Senegal to Guinea, Ghana, Togo and Cameroon are genetically similar (J-F. Trape pers. comm. April 2012), but these have not been compared with East African samples and so the relationship between this widespread form and the present concept of H. mercatorius is unclear.

Butler et al. (2019) report that work is ongoing to revise the systematics of the H. mabouia complex, and that this will recognize Hemidactylus benguellensis, presently a junior synonym of H. mabouia (but tentatively recognized as distinct by Marques et al. 2018), as a genetically and morphologically distinct species. This account refrains from accepting this taxonomic change pending the completion of this wider-ranging revision.

" 197010,Neoarius leptaspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,leptaspis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1862)", 197011,Neoarius midgleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,midgleyi,,,,,"(Kailola & Pierce, 1988)", 197013,Neoarius utarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,utarus,,,,,"(Kailola, 1990)", 197014,Potamosilurus velutinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Potamosilurus,velutinus,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 197018,Notarius grandicassis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,grandicassis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 197024,Plicofollis magatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Plicofollis,magatensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1926)", 197029,Potamarius nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Potamarius,nelsoni,,,,,"(Evermann & Goldsborough, 1902)", 197030,Potamarius usumacintae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Potamarius,usumacintae,,,,,"Betancur-R. & Willink, 2007", 197031,Sciades passany,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Sciades,passany,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 197032,Neoarius paucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,paucus,,,,,"(Kailola, 2000)", 197034,Agonostomus catalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Agonostomus,catalai,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1932", 197037,Chelon bispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,bispinosus,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)","Chelon bispinosus and Chelon labrosus may be conspecific, but further review of the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean populations should be completed before declaring synonymisation (Harrison in press). Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of the Mugilidae family as confused and the genera as obscurely defined." 197044,Liza grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Liza,grandisquamis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)",Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of the Mugilidae family as confused and the genera as obscurely defined. 197050,Planiliza subviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,subviridis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","The taxonomy of species in the Mugilidae family is complex and under revision (Durand and Borsa 2015). The family comprises of seven lineages which radiated early on, and many of its genera are paraphyletic or polyphyletic (Durand et al. 2012).

This species has many synonyms, with over 280 specific names having been assigned to mullets of the Mugilidae family (Thomson 1997). There is a long history of confusion between the populations assigned these names (Ogilby 1908), and many of these have now been recognised as synonyms in the past 120 years (Thomson 1997)." 197051,Planiliza planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,planiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","The taxonomy of species in the Mugilidae family is complex and under revision (Durand and Borsa 2015). This species has previously been considered a synonym of Liza tade (e.g.,Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Thomson 1997, Kottelat 2013). The relationship between these two nominal species requires further investigation, as does the potential for cryptic species within the genus Planiliza. At present, it is considered a valid species (Fricke et al. 2020), and based on the most recent molecular work, it belongs in the genus Planiliza. However, some authors continue to place this species in the genus Chelon (e.g., Suresh et al. 2018, Psomadakis et al. 2020)." 197056,Mugil bananensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,bananensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1927)",Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of the Mugilidae family as confused and the genera as obscurely defined. 197058,Mugil capurrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,capurrii,,,,,"(Perugia, 1892)",Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of the Mugilidae family as confused and the genera as obscurely defined. 197060,Mugil rubrioculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,rubrioculus,,,,,"Harrison, Nirchio, Oliveira, Ron & Gaviria, 2007","The species Mugil gaimardianus was supressed. Many specimens misidentified as M. gaimardianus are actually M. rubrioculus (Harrison et al. 2007).

Mugil rubrioculus can easily be confused with Mugil curema. They are very similar morphologically, but separation is easier in fresh specimens due to coloration differences.  They are however clearly separated genetically both by karyotype and molecular analysis (Nirchio et al. 2005, Fraga et al. 2007, Gonzalez-Castro et al. 2009). 


" 197063,Trachystoma petardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Trachystoma,petardi,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1875)", 197070,Paramugil parmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Paramugil,parmatus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)","The taxonomy of species in the Mugilidae family is complex, and under revision (Durand and Borsa 2015)." 197076,Valamugil robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Valamugil,robustus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 197078,Amphiarius phrygiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Amphiarius,phrygiatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840","This species is listed in the genus Notarius by Betancur et al. (2007), but was reverted back to Amphiarius by Marceniuk (2012). A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014)." 197079,Notarius rugispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,rugispinis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","This species is listed in the genus Notarius by Betancur et al. (2007). A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014)." 197081,Potamosilurus macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Potamosilurus,macrorhynchus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 197253,Rhinophis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,lineatus,,,,,"Gower & Maduwage, 2011", 197254,Rhinophis zigzag,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,zigzag,,,,,"Gower & Maduwage, 2011", 197278,Galaxias fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,fasciatus,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 197286,Galaxias anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,anomalus,,,,,"Stokell, 1959", 197288,Galaxias cobitinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,cobitinis,,,,,"McDowall & Waters, 2002","Although classified as one species, the two geographic populations have been ranked separately in the National listings carried out by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, as they are more genetically distinct and more divergent than some described sister species of galaxiids (Waters and Craw 2008). Taxonomic research is needed to determine whether this species should actually be split into two (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2011)." 197291,Galaxias divergens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,divergens,,,,,"Stokell, 1959","Recent studies show that North and South Island populations are genetically divergent, but these differences are not considered enough to warrant separate species status (NIWA 2013)." 197292,Galaxias eldoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,eldoni,,,,,"McDowall, 1997", 197293,Galaxias gollumoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,gollumoides,,,,,"McDowall & Chadderton, 1999", 197294,Galaxias macronasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,macronasus,,,,,"McDowall & Waters, 2003", 197296,Galaxias paucispondylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,paucispondylus,,,,,"Stokell, 1938","Genetically distinct populations occur in geographically distinct regions of the South Island (Waters 2001)." 197297,Galaxias prognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,prognathus,,,,,"Stokell, 1940", 197298,Galaxias pullus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,pullus,,,,,"McDowall, 1997", 197299,Galaxias vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,vulgaris,,,,,"Stokell, 1949", 197300,Neochanna heleios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Neochanna,heleios,,,,,"Ling & Gleeson, 2001", 197304,Rhombosolea retiaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Rhombosolea,retiaria,,,,,"Hutton, 1874", 197317,Gobiomorphus basalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,basalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 197318,Gobiomorphus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,breviceps,,,,,"(Stokell, 1939)","Recent genetic evidence suggests divergence between northern and southern sub-populations (University of Waikato, unpublished data)." 197319,Gobiomorphus cotidianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,cotidianus,,,,,"McDowall, 1975", 197320,Gobiomorphus gobioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,gobioides,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 197321,Gobiomorphus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,hubbsi,,,,,"(Stokell, 1959)", 197322,Gobiomorphus huttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,huttoni,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1894)", 197325,Retropinna retropinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,RETROPINNIDAE,Retropinna,retropinna,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 197327,Stokellia anisodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,RETROPINNIDAE,Stokellia,anisodon,,,,,"(Stokell, 1941)", 197330,Cheimarrichthys fosteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHEIMARRICHTHYIDAE,Cheimarrichthys,fosteri,,,,,"Haast, 1874","This is the only species in the family Cheimarrichthyidae worldwide (McDowall 2000)." 19736,Millerichthys robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Millerichthys,robustus,,,,,"(Miller & Hubbs, 1974)", 197428,Amastridium veliferum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Amastridium,veliferum,,,,,"Cope, 1860","Following Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970) Amastridium sapperi has been treated as a subspecies of A. veliferum, and this arrangement is still followed by some authorities (e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2010). Recent work, however, generally treats it as a full species (e.g. Wilson and Townsend 2006, Wilson et al. 2010)." 197430,Agama hartmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,hartmanni,,,,,"Peters, 1869","Wermuth (1967) considered Agama cornii, known from a single specimen with the type locality Om Ager (in Eritrea) a doubtful species. Moody (1980) formally synonymized A. cornii within A. hartmanni, however, this work was an unpublished doctoral thesis and no justification was presented for this decision (Wagner and Bauer 2011). This revision was followed by Largen and Spawls (2010) who indicated that A. cornii was an invalid name. Wagner and Bauer (2011) investigated the taxonomy of poorly-known species of Agama from the Horn of Africa, and found that the sole specimen of A. cornii is identical to the types of A. hartmanni, confirming that A. cornii is a junior synonym of A. hartmanni." 197431,Agama impalearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,impalearis,,,,,"Boettger, 1874","Central Saharan populations were recently recognized as a distinct species, Agama tassiliensis (Geniez et al. 2011)." 197432,Acanthodactylus taghitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,taghitensis,,,,,"Geniez & Foucart, 1995","This could be the sister species to Acanthodactylus aureus and more research is needed into the taxonomy of this species. This species has a continental distribution while A. aureus has a coastal distribution." 197433,Acanthodactylus dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,dumerilii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1829)","This is a complex of three known forms. Trape et al. (2012) apply the name Acanthodactylus inornatus to populations at the northern edge of the Sahara, but do not take formal taxonomic action and include this form within their description of ""Complexe Acanthodactylus dumerilii"". The appropriate taxonomic status of a form from central Western Sahara is uncertain, but it may warrant recognition as either a subspecies or full species (Trape et al. 2012)." 197434,Acanthodactylus aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,aureus,,,,,"Günther, 1903","This could be the sister species to Acanthodactylus taghitensis and more research is needed into the taxonomy of this species. This species has a coastal distribution while A. taghitensis has a continental distribution." 197435,Acanthodactylus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,longipes,,,,,"Boulenger, 1918","Baha El Din (2007) examined records of this species from Egypt and found that populations east of 28º E represented a discrete species which he described as Acanthodactylus aegyptius. The two species are, however, sympatric in part of the Egyptian Western Desert, and around the Qattara Depression (Baha El Din 2007). Records from eastern Egypt, including all areas east of the Nile, and from Israel, are attributable to A. aegyptius." 197436,Holcosus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,undulatus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 197437,Anolis lemurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lemurinus,,,,,"Cope, 1861","The northern subspecies, Anolis lemurinus bourgeaei, has sometimes been treated as a full species. Anolis rhombifer was synonymized within A. lemurinus by Fitch and Seigel (1984)." 197438,Anolis laeviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,laeviventris,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","This is considered to be a complex consisting of at least three species, with the available names Anolis nannodes Cope, 1864 (Chiapas to northern Nicaragua) and A. intermedius Peters, 1863 (Costa Rica) available for populations outside the Atlantic versant of Veracruz (G. Köhler pers. comm. 2012). The complicated status of these names and of others currently included within the synonymy of A. laeviventris remains to be fully resolved, and this assessment follows Uetz et al. (2019) in retaining a traditional concept of A. laeviventris pending a taxonomic revision." 197440,Anolis cristatellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cristatellus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837","The only record from Mexico was of one specimen reportedly collected from Cozumel over 100 years ago and described as ANOLIS cozumelae. Closer inspection of the specimen found this to be a specimen of A. cristatellus, but it has not been reported again on the island and there is now significant doubt regards the validity of this record." 197441,Anolis serranoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,serranoi,,,,,"Köhler, 1999", 197442,Anolis capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,capito,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 197443,Anolis sagrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,sagrei,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 197444,Anolis pentaprion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pentaprion,,,,,"Cope, 1863", 197445,Anolis rodriguezii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rodriguezii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873","Anolis damulus, described based on vague characters, is of uncertain provenance and identity (S. Poe pers. comm. 2011). The description does not indicate a type locality, but later workers have assumed a locality in Mexico. If this provenance is correct, it may be conspecific with the apparently similar Anolis rodriguezii or another common Mexican anole, but examination of the holotype is needed to clarify this (S. Poe pers. comm. 2011). A museum specimens referred to this species exists from Oaxaca, but it is presently unclear how this specimen relates to the holotype, and so whether the two represent the same species (L. Mahler pers. comm. 2019)." 197446,Anolis sericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,sericeus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1856","Anolis sericeus sensu lato has recently been split by Köhler and Vesely (2010) into three species based on hemipenial and dewlap characters. Poe et al. (2017) treated the enigmatic taxon Anolis williamsi, described from Brazil probably in error (Uetz et al. 2019), as a tentative junior synonym of A. sericeus. Conversely, M. Rodrigues (unpubl.) suspects A. williamsi is likely to be a junior synonym of A. fuscoauratus (L. Mahler pers. comm. 2019) Köhler (2012) synonymized A. cumingi within A. sericeus." 197447,Anolis allisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,allisoni,,,,,"Barbour, 1928","A historical record from Half Moon Cay in Belize attributed to the closely-related Anolis carolinensis probably represents this species (L. Mahler pers. comm. October 2011), and further surveys on this island have never recorded A. carolinensis here (Lee 2000). Further studies are needed into the populations on the islands of Belize which may warrant species status. This may also be true for the Mexican populations." 197448,Anolis cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cupreus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1860", 197449,Anolis biporcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,biporcatus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","Armstead et al. (2017) removed Anolis parvauritus from southern Colombia and northern Ecuador from synonymy with A. biporcatus. These authors expressed ""little doubt"" that the resulting concept of A. biporcatus is a species complex which will need more extensive geographic sampling to resolve." 197450,Anolis petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,petersii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873", 197451,Anolis uniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,uniformis,,,,,"Cope, 1885", 197452,Anolis matudai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,matudai,,,,,"Smith, 1956", 197453,Anolis crassulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,crassulus,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 197454,Anolis dollfusianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,dollfusianus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873", 197455,Anolis tropidonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tropidonotus,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 197456,Aristelliger georgeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,georgeensis,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1873)", 197460,Basiliscus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Basiliscus,vittatus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828", 197461,Bitis arietans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,arietans,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)","Barlow et al. (2013) studied the molecular phylogeography of Bitis arietans throughout Africa (but excluding Somalia where B. a. somalica occurs) and determined that there were several parapatric mitochondrial clades, including a widespread southern African clade subdivided into four separate subclades. While the taxonomic status of the various African clades requires further investigation, evidence of secondary admixture genes among previously isolated refugial subpopulations suggests that southern African subclades do not represent cryptic species. A complex history of refugial isolation and secondary expansion associated with climatic cycles was indicated for southern Africa (Barlow et al. 2013). Two subspecies are currently recognized, namely B. a. arietans (widespread in sub-Saharan Africa) and B. a somalica (restricted to Somalia) (Branch 1999)." 197462,Boa constrictor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Boa,constrictor,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Until recently, the widespread Boa constrictor was the only recognized species within the genus Boa, with multiple morphological variants across its range described as subspecies. Two Caribbean populations, described as Boa constrictor orophias and B. c. nebulosa, have been informally recognized as full species for almost a decade (Henderson and Powell 2009). Multiple recent studies (summarized in Card et al. 2016) have investigated the systematics of Boa constrictor across its wider range on both morphological and molecular grounds. The name Boa constrictor was subsequently confined to the South American clade defined by Reynolds et al. (2014), with North and Central American taxa referred to Boa imperator.

The systematics of Boa constrictor may require further research to resolve: Card et al. (2016) applied a model that made the a priori assumption that South American samples comprised a single species and so were unable to discriminate between South American clades. These authors did, however, report a sister relationship between a Colombian clade and the remainder of Boa constrictor + imperator based on mitochondrial data and also found support for three distinct mitochondrial clades within the remainder of B. constrictor. In their text these authors assigned records from the Choco of Colombia and Ecuador to B. imperator, apparently following the division between northern and southern clades first identified by Hynková et al. (2009), and suggested that the latter may range into Peru, but did not discuss the basis for this assignment their map of the three clades indicates a southern range limit for B. imperator in northernwestern Colombia." 197463,Bothriechis schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,schlegelii,,,,,"(Berthold, 1846)", 197464,Bothrops asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,asper,,,,,"(Garman, 1883)", 197465,Cerastes cerastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Cerastes,cerastes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 197467,Chalcides ragazzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,ragazzii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890","Greenbaum et al. (2006) revised and re-described this species, confirming its distinctiveness compared with Chalcides ocellatus." 197468,Clelia clelia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Clelia,clelia,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)",There is a single record of this species in Mexico that is based on a misidentified Clelia scytalina. It is not thought to occur in Mexico. 197470,Coleonyx elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,elegans,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 197474,Corytophanes hernandesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Corytophanes,hernandesii,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1831)", 197475,Corytophanes percarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Corytophanes,percarinatus,,,,,"Duméril, 1856", 197476,Corytophanes cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Corytophanes,cristatus,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)", 197479,Crotalus totonacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,totonacus,,,,,"Gloyd & Kauffeld, 1940","

Crotalus totonacus was previously considered within the Crotalus  durissus species complex, and it is considered by recent studies to be in the Crotalus molossus species complex (Campbell and Lamar 2004, Wüster et al. 2005, Anderson and Greenbaum 2012, Alencar et al. 2016)

" 197481,Drymobius margaritiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymobius,margaritiferus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 197482,Echis coloratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,coloratus,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 197483,Echis leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,leucogaster,,,,,"Roman, 1972","Very low levels of genetic divergence between this species and the similar Echis pyramidum (with which it is sometimes confused) have led to suggestions that E. leucogaster should be considered a subspecies of the former taxon (Arnold et al. 2009, Pook et al. 2009)." 197484,Enulius flavitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Enulius,flavitorques,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 197485,Ficimia publia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ficimia,publia,,,,,"Cope, 1866", 197486,Ficimia olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ficimia,olivacea,,,,,"Gray, 1849", 197488,Gymnophthalmus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gymnophthalmus,speciosus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)","In Venezuela, the name ""speciosus"" is used for convenience, but the taxon known as Gymnophthalmus speciosus in South America is not the same taxon present in Central America, to which the name G. speciosus is properly applicable (Ugueto and Rivas-Fuenmayor 2010, Vanzolini and Carvalho 1991, Carvalho 1997). This assessment encompasses the species complex as presently understood, including populations from Colombia and Venezuela. Records from southern Apure state in Venezuela represent an undescribed taxon in the process of being described (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2016), and are excluded from this account." 197489,Hemidactylus sinaitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,sinaitus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","This species is difficult to distinguish from Hemidactylus robustus (Largen and Spawls 2006), which has itself historically often been treated as a synonym of H. turcicus (e.g. by Loveridge 1947). While H. robustus is now accepted as a valid taxon, the observation that many specimens exhibit apparently intermediate sets of characteristics (Loveridge 1947) is borne out by examination of Ethiopian H. sinaitus (Largen and Spawls 2006). B. Lanza (in Largen and Spawls 2006) attributes these shared characteristics to the existence of possible hybrids, but it may be that the relationship between H. robustus and H. sinaitus is in need of further investigation." 197490,Imantodes gemmistratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Imantodes,gemmistratus,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 197491,Imantodes cenchoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Imantodes,cenchoa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 197492,Laemanctus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Laemanctus,longipes,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1834", 197493,Lampropeltis triangulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,triangulum,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1789)","This species exhibits considerable geographic variation in morphology, and it is suspected that this variation reflects the existence of multiple species (e.g. Savage 2002). Accordingly, Ruane et al. (2014) split Lampropeltis triangulum into seven species.

Collins (1991) proposed that subspecies taylori be recognized as a distinct species but presented no supporting data (see also Dowling 1993); taylori intergrades morphologically with two adjacent subspecies and does not appear to be a distinct entity (Williams 1988, Roth and Smith 1990).

Armstrong et al. (2001) examined populations of subspecies syspila and elapsoides in western Kentucky and adjacent Tennessee and concluded that the two taxa exist in sympatry with minimal, if any, gene flow between the populations.

The correct year of publication of the original description is 1789 (not 1788 as commonly cited)." 197494,Latastia longicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,longicaudata,,,,,"(Reuss, 1834)","Spawls et al. (2002) note that the current concept of this species, which ranges from Senegal to East Africa, is probably incorrect, and suggest that the genus Latastia is in need of revision." 197495,Lepidophyma flavimaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,flavimaculatum,,,,,"Duméril, 1851", 197496,Lepidophyma smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,smithii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1876", 197497,Leptodeira annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,annulata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This is part of a species complex. Taxonomic work is underway to resolve this complex. 197498,Leptodeira septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,septentrionalis,,,,,"Kennicott, 1859","Campbell (1998) considered Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta (southern Mexico to Costa Rica) to be a distinct species, however considered that it may be conspecific with L. s. ornata of lower Central America and South America. Lee (2000) retained polysticta as a subspecies of  L. septentrionalis, and this scheme is followed here." 197499,Leptophis ahaetulla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,ahaetulla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Leptophis santamartensis is considered a junior synonym of L. ahaetulla occidentalis (Albuquerque et al. 2012). 197500,Leptophis mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,mexicanus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 197501,Epictia goudotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,goudotii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)","The taxonomy of Epictia (formerly Leptotyphlops) in Central America is in need of resolution. Sunyer and Köhler (2010) provisionally recognize only the single species E. goudoti pending clarification of this situation. These authors tentatively synonymize E. nasalis and E. ater within this species, the latter without discussion. These authors consider E. nasalis a possible synonym on the basis that the single known individual differs from typical E. goudoti by a single scale character and no further specimens have been found in 70 years, indicating that it may be merely an aberrant individual rather than a genuine species.

Subsequently, McCranie and Hedges (2016) discussed the complex taxonomic history of E. goudoti and related species and elevated E. ater (including E. nasalis as a junior synonym), E. albifrons, E. bakewelli and E, phenops from subspecies of E. goudoti, on the basis of both morphological and molecular evidence. As molecular data was not available for Colombia, where the type locality of E. goudoti occurs, further taxonomic issues may exist within E. goudoti, which as now defined ranges from Panama to Trinidad. These authors return E. fallax - removed from synonymy by Natera-Mumaw et al. (2015) - to the synonymy of E. goudoti, but do not comment on this assignment." 197576,Neocaridina curvifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,curvifrons,,,,,"(Liang, 1979)", 197577,Caridina xiphias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,xiphias,,,,,"Bouvier, 1925", 197578,Caridina elongopoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,elongopoda,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1977", 197579,Macrobrachium joppae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,joppae,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 197580,Macrobrachium siwalikense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,siwalikense,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 197581,Macrobrachium hobbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hobbsi,,,,,"Villalobos Hiriart & Nates Rodriguez, 1990", 197582,Macrobrachium jiangxiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,jiangxiense,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1985", 197584,Caridina medifolia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,medifolia,,,,,"Cai & Yuan, 1996", 197586,Caridina simoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,simoni,,,,,"Bouvier, 1904","
" 197587,Caridina schenkeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,schenkeli,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009","Caridina schenkeli does not appear to be a monophyletic taxon (see von Rintelen and Cai 2009) but is treated here as a valid species." 197588,Caridina meridonalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,meridonalis,,,,,"L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008", 197589,Caridina jiangxiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,jiangxiensis,,,,,"Liang & Zheng, 1985", 197592,Macrobrachium aemulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,aemulum,,,,,"(Nobili, 1906)", 197593,Pseudopalaemon gouldingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Pseudopalaemon,gouldingi,,,,,"Kensley & Walker, 1982", 197594,Macrobrachium guangxiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,guangxiense,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1981", 197595,Troglocaris jusbaschjani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,jusbaschjani,,,,,"Birstein, 1948", 197596,Macrobrachium callirrhoe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,callirrhoe,,,,,"(De Man, 1898)", 197597,Caridina cucphuongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cucphuongensis,,,,,"Đăng, 1980", 197598,Macrobrachium bullatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,bullatum,,,,,"Fincham, 1987", 197600,Caridina songtaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,songtaoensis,,,,,"Liang, 2004", 197602,Macrobrachium birmanicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,birmanicum,,,,,"Schenkel, 1902", 197605,Caridina pseudoserrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pseudoserrata,,,,,"Đăng & Ðỗ, 2007", 197606,Caridina spinalifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spinalifrons,,,,,"Guo & De Grave, 1997", 197613,Caridina evae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,evae,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197614,Macrobrachium tolmerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,tolmerum,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 197615,Paratya typa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,typa,,,,,"J. Roux, 1926", 197616,Typhlatya pearsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,pearsei,,,,,"Creaser, 1936", 197618,Typhlatya mitchelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,mitchelli,,,,,"H.H.III Hobbs & H.H.Jr. Hobbs, 1976", 197619,Caridina buehleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,buehleri,,,,,"J. Roux, 1934", 197620,Caridina glossopoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,glossopoda,,,,,"Liang, Guo & Gao, 1993", 197621,Caridina vitiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,vitiensis,,,,,"Borradaile, 1899","Although Caridina vitiensis has been recorded from Fiji (type locality), Sri Lanka and New Guinea, the taxonomic status of this species is uncertain (Holthuis 1969)" 197622,Exopalaemon annandalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Exopalaemon,annandalei,,,,,"(Kemp, 1917c) ", 197623,Macrobrachium asperulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,asperulum,,,,,"(von Martens, 1868)", 197625,Desmocaris trispinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,DESMOCARIDIDAE,Desmocaris,trispinosa,,,,,"(Aurivillius, 1898)", 197628,Macrobrachium horstii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,horstii,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)", 197629,Tenuipedium palaemonoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Tenuipedium,palaemonoides,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1950)", 197630,Cryphiops villalobosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Cryphiops,villalobosi,,,,,"Villalobos Hiriart, Nates Rodriguez & Cantú Diaz Barriga, 1989", 197634,Macrobrachium amazonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,amazonicum,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 197636,Atyella brevirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyella,brevirostris,,,,,"Calman, 1906", 197637,Limnocaridina spinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,spinipes,,,,,"Calman, 1911", 197638,Macrobrachium brevicarpum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,brevicarpum,,,,,"Tan & Dong, 1996", 197639,Caridina imitatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,imitatrix,,,,,"Holthuis, 1970", 197640,Typhlocaris ayyaloni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TYPHLOCARIDIDAE,Typhlocaris,ayyaloni,,,,,"Tsurnamal, 2008", 197643,Caridina chauhani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,chauhani,,,,,"Chopra & Tiwari, 1949", 197645,Caridina baojingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,baojingensis,,,,,"Guo, He & Bai, 1992", 197649,Caridina pseudodenticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pseudodenticulata,,,,,"Hung, Chan & Yu, 1993", 197650,Caridina venusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,venusta,,,,,"L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008",
 197651,Neocaridina longipoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,longipoda,,,,,"(Cai, 1995)", 197652,Caridina lufengensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lufengensis,,,,,"Cai & Duan, 1998", 197654,Caridina shenoyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,shenoyi,,,,,"Jalihal & Sankolli, 1984", 197656,Macrobrachium pilosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,pilosum,,,,," Cai & Dai, 1999", 197658,Macrobrachium reyesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,reyesi,,,,,"Pereira, 1986", 197660,Macrobrachium novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(De Man, 1908)", 197661,Troglocaris osterloffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,osterloffi,,,,,"Juzbaš’jan, 1940", 197663,Parisia unguis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,unguis,,,,,"Williams, 1964", 197664,Macrobrachium koombooloomba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,koombooloomba,,,,,"Short, 2004", 197667,Micratya poeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Micratya,poeyi,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1855)", 197668,Macrobrachium elegantum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,elegantum,,,,,"Pan, Hou & Li, 2010", 197670,Paracaridina chenxiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paracaridina,chenxiensis,,,,,"Guo & De Grave, 2004", 197671,Macrobrachium gracilirostre,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,gracilirostre,,,,,"(Miers, 1875)", 197673,Caridina pseudonilotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pseudonilotica,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2005", 197675,Typhlatya garciai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,garciai,,,,,"Chace, 1942", 197676,Leptopalaemon glabrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptopalaemon,glabrus,,,,,"(Bruce, 1993)", 197678,Macrobrachium mieni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,mieni,,,,,"Đăng, 1975", 197679,Neocaridina fukiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,fukiensis,,,,,"(Liang & Yan, 1977)", 197681,Paratya improvisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,improvisa,,,,,"Kemp, 1917", 197682,Caridina rouxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,rouxi,,,,,"De Man, 1915", 197684,Caridina zhongshanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,zhongshanica,,,,,"Liang, 2004", 197685,Atya africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,africana,,,,,"Bouvier, 1904", 197686,Macrobrachium cavernicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,cavernicola,,,,,"(Kemp, 1924)", 197687,Caridella paski,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridella,paski,,,,,"Calman, 1928", 197689,Macrobrachium acherontium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,acherontium,,,,,"Holthuis, 1977", 197690,Atya margaritacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,margaritacea,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1864", 197692,Arachnochium kulsiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Arachnochium,kulsiense,,,,,"(Jayachandran, Lal Mohan & Raji, 2007)", 197693,Sinodina acutipoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,acutipoda,,,,,"(Liang, 1989)", 197694,Caridina oligospina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,oligospina,,,,,"Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999", 197695,Caridina yilong,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,yilong,,,,,"Cai & Liang, 1999", 197698,Pseudopalaemon amazonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Pseudopalaemon,amazonensis,,,,,"Ramos-Porto, 1979", 197699,Macrobrachium lanceifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lanceifrons,,,,,"(Dana, 1852)", 197700,Paracaridina longispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paracaridina,longispina,,,,,"Guo, He, Xu & Gui, 1992", 197701,Xiphocaris elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,XIPHOCARIDIDAE,Xiphocaris,elongata,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1855)", 197702,Typhlatya miravetensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,miravetensis,,,,,"Sanz & Platvoet, 1995", 197703,Macrobrachium hildebrandti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hildebrandti,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1893)", 197705,Caridina zebra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,zebra,,,,,"Short, 1993", 197707,Macrobrachium fukienense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,fukienense,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1980", 197708,Parisia macrophthalma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,macrophthalma,,,,,"Holthuis, 1956", 197710,Caridina crurispinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,crurispinata,,,,,"Gurney, 1984", 197711,Caridina huananensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,huananensis,,,,,"Liang, 2004", 197713,Macrobrachium madhusoodani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,madhusoodani,,,,,"Unnikrishnan, P.M. Pillai & Jayachandran, 2011", 197715,Macrobrachium spinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,spinipes,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)",The nomenclature of this species has recently been cleared up by Ng and Wowor (2011). 197717,Typhlatya consobrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,consobrina,,,,," Botoşăneanu & Holthuis, 1970", 197720,Caridina spathulirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spathulirostris,,,,,"Richters, 1880", 197721,Exopalaemon mani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Exopalaemon,mani,,,,,"(Sollaud, 1914)", 197722,Palaemonetes kadiakensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,kadiakensis,,,,,"Rathbun, 1902", 197723,Troglocaris bosnica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,bosnica,,,,,"Sket & Zakšek, 2009", 197725,Caridina acutirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,acutirostris,,,,,"Schenkel, 1902", 197726,Macrobrachium nipponense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,nipponense,,,,,"(De Haan, 1849)", 197727,Macrobrachium heterochirus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,heterochirus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1836)", 197728,Caridella cunningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridella,cunningtoni,,,,,"Calman, 1906", 197731,Caridina minnanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,minnanica,,,,,"Liang, 2002", 197732,Caridina longiacuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,longiacuta,,,,,"Guo & X. Wang, 2005", 197733,Macrobrachium auratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,auratum,,,,,"Short, 2004", 197735,Neocaridina ketagalan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,ketagalan,,,,,"Shih & Cai, 2007", 197736,Caridina pristis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pristis,,,,,"J. Roux, 1931", 197737,Macrobrachium japonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,japonicum,,,,,"(De Haan, 1849)", 197738,Caridina congoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,congoensis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197739,Caridina angulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,angulata,,,,,"Bouvier, 1905", 197740,Macrobrachium venustum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,venustum,,,,,"(Parisi, 1919)", 197742,Troglocaris hercegovinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,hercegovinensis,,,,,"(Babić, 1922)", 197743,Macrobrachium depressimanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,depressimanum,,,,,"Pereira, 1993", 197744,Palaemonetes turcorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,turcorum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1961", 197745,Paratya norfolkensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,norfolkensis,,,,,"Kemp, 1917", 197747,Caridina gaesumi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gaesumi,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197750,Caridina natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,natalensis,,,,,"Bouvier, 1925", 197751,Caridina liangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,liangi,,,,,"Jiang, Guo & Zhang, 2002", 197753,Macrobrachium ferreirai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,ferreirai,,,,,"Kensley & Walker, 1982", 197756,Caridina rubropunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,rubropunctata,,,,,"Đăng & Ðỗ, 2007", 197758,Potamalpheops monodi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ALPHEIDAE,Potamalpheops,monodi,,,,,"(Sollaud, 1932)", 197760,Macrobrachium insulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,insulare,,,,,"(Parisi, 1919)", 197761,Macrobrachium faustinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,faustinum,,,,,"(de Saussure, 1857)", 197762,Neocaridina xiapuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,xiapuensis,,,,,"Zheng, 2002", 197764,Caridina laevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,laevis,,,,,"Heller, 1862", 197765,Exopalaemon xinjiangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Exopalaemon,xinjiangensis,,,,,"Liang, 2000", 197766,Caridina parvocula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,parvocula,,,,,"Gurney, 1984", 197767,Macrobrachium formosense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,formosense,,,,,"Spence Bate, 1868", 197768,Caridina edulis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,edulis,,,,,"Bouvier, 1904", 197769,Lancaris singhalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Lancaris,singhalensis,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1894)", 197771,Macrobrachium sankollii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sankollii,,,,,"Jalihal & Shenoy, 1988", 197772,Macrobrachium santanderensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,santanderensis,,,,,"Garcia-Perez & Villamizar, 2009", 197773,Caridina zeylanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,zeylanica,,,,,"Arudpragasam & Costa, 1962", 197775,Sinodina lijiang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,lijiang,,,,,"Liang & Cai, 1999", 197776,Macrobrachium surinamicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,surinamicum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1948", 197779,Caridina mongziensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mongziensis,,,,,"Liang, Yan & Z.-Z. Wang, 1987", 197780,Paratya compressa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,compressa,,,,,"(De Haan, 1844)", 197782,Macrobrachium miyakoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,miyakoense,,,,,"Komai & Fujita, 2005", 197784,Caridina pedicultrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pedicultrata,,,,,"Guo & Choy, 1994", 197785,Caridina dentifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,dentifrons,,,,,"N.K. Ng & Cai, 2000", 197786,Macrobrachium pectinatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,pectinatum,,,,,"Pereira, 1986", 197788,Parisia dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,dentata,,,,,"Gurney, 1984", 197789,Macrobrachium hainanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hainanense,,,,,"(Parisi, 1919)", 197790,Macrobrachium maculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,maculatum,,,,,"Liang, & Yan, 1980", 197791,Caridina buergersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,buergersi,,,,,"Karge, von Rintelen & Klotz, 2010","Caridina buergersi is only known from the type material collected in 1912-1913 on an expedition up the Sepik River in Papua new Guinea (Karge et al. 2010)" 197792,Palaemonetes ivonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,ivonicus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 197793,Caridina africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,africana,,,,,"Kingsley, 1883", 197794,Caridina trifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,trifasciata,,,,,"Yam & Cai, 2003", 197795,Macrobrachium gurudeve,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,gurudeve,,,,,"Jayachandran & Raji, 2005", 197796,Macrobrachium cortezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,cortezi,,,,,"Rodríguez, 1982", 197797,Macrobrachium macrobrachion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,macrobrachion,,,,,"(Herklots, 1851)", 197798,Troglocaris neglecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,neglecta,,,,,"Sket & Zakšek, 2009", 197801,Typhlatya taina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,taina,,,,,"Estrada & Gómez, 1987", 197802,Macrobrachium lepidactyloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lepidactyloides,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)", 197804,Caridina serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,serrata,,,,,"Stimpson, 1860", 197809,Sinodina angulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,angulata,,,,," Liang, 2002", 197810,Macrobrachium banjarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,banjarae,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1958)", 197812,Caridina rapaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,rapaensis,,,,,"Edmondson, 1935", 197813,Caridina elisabethae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,elisabethae,,,,,"Karge, von Rintelen & Klotz, 2010", 197814,Caridina spinipoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spinipoda,,,,,"Liang, Hong & Yang, 1990", 197815,Palaemonetes hobbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,hobbsi,,,,,"Strenth, 1994", 197816,Macrobrachium tenellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,tenellum,,,,,"(Smith, 1871)", 197818,Caridina fecunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,fecunda,,,,,"J. Roux, 1911", 197820,Caridina longidigita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,longidigita,,,,,"Cai & Wowor, 2007", 197823,Caridina lovoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lovoensis,,,,,"Roth-Woltereck, 1955", 197824,Caridina lineorostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lineorostris,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197826,Typhlocaris salentina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TYPHLOCARIDIDAE,Typhlocaris,salentina,,,,,"Caroli, 1923", 197827,Macrobrachium yui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,yui,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 197828,Macrobrachium cowlesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,cowlesi,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 197829,Limnocaridina similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,similis,,,,,"Calman, 1909", 197830,Caridina spinosipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spinosipes,,,,,"Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999", 197832,Macrobrachium rude,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,rude,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 197833,Macrobrachium michoacanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,michoacanus,,,,,"Villalobos Hiriart & Nates Rodriguez, 1990", 197836,Caridina alba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,alba,,,,,"J. Li & S. Li, 2010", 197838,Cryphiops sbordonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Cryphiops,sbordonii,,,,,"Baldari, Mejía-Ortiz & López-Mejía, 2010", 197841,Atyaephyra orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyaephyra,orientalis,,,,,"Bouvier, 1913", 197842,Caridina steineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,steineri,,,,,"Cai, 2005", 197843,Limnocaridina retarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,retarius,,,,,"Calman, 1908", 197844,Caridina gordonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gordonae,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197845,Sinodina wangtai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,wangtai,,,,,"Liang & Cai, 2000", 197846,Macrobrachium empulipke,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,empulipke,,,,,"Wowor, 2010", 197849,Caridina cornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cornuta,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1986", 197850,Caridina yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,yunnanensis,,,,,"Yu, 1938", 197851,Dugastella valentina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Dugastella,valentina,,,,,"(Ferrer Galdiano, 1924)", 197852,Macrobrachium quelchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,quelchi,,,,,"(De Man, 1900)", 197855,Neocaridina saccam,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,saccam,,,,,"Shih & Cai, 2007", 197856,Caridina richtersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,richtersi,,,,,"Thallwitz, 1892", 197859,Macrobrachium nepalense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,nepalense,,,,,"Kamita, 1974", 197860,Macrobrachium latidactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,latidactylus,,,,,"(Thallwitz, 1891)", 197861,Caridina troglophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,troglophila,,,,,"Holthuis, 1965", 197862,Leptopalaemon gagadjui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptopalaemon,gagadjui,,,,,"Bruce & Short, 1993", 197863,Macrobrachium hendersodayanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hendersodayanum,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 197866,Macrobrachium lar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lar,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 197867,Paracaridina guizhouensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paracaridina,guizhouensis,,,,,"(Liang & Yan, 1986)", 197871,Troglocubanus eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglocubanus,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Hay, 1903)", 197873,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,rosenbergii,,,,,"(De Man, 1879)","The nomenclature of this species is confusing, but has been recently fully resolved by Wowor and Ng (2007) and Ng and Wowor (2011)." 197874,Macrobrachium leptodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,leptodactylus,,,,,"(De Man, 1892a)","Ou and Yeo (1995) consider that Macrobrachium leptodactylus is a synonym of M. pilimanus." 197875,Caridina vietriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,vietriensis,,,,,"Đăng & Ðỗ, 2007", 197876,Caridina roubaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,roubaudi,,,,,"Bouvier, 1925", 197878,Macrobrachium digitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,digitus,,,,,"Abele & Kim, 1989", 197879,Macrobrachium hirtimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hirtimanus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1811)", 197882,Paratya boninensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,boninensis,,,,,"Satake & Cai, 2005", 197883,Macrobrachium bombayense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,bombayense,,,,,"Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006", 197884,Troglocaris fagei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,fagei,,,,,"Birstein, 1939", 197885,Caridina qingyuanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,qingyuanensis,,,,,"Guo & He, 2007", 197887,Macrobrachium minutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,minutum,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1917)", 197888,Caridina clavipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,clavipes,,,,,"Guo & Liang, 2003", 197890,Caridina zhejiangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,zhejiangensis,,,,,"Liang & Zheng, 1985", 197891,Caridina calmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,calmani,,,,,"Bouvier, 1919", 197892,Macrobrachium australiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,australiense,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 197893,Macrobrachium cacharense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,cacharense,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 197896,Caridina messofluminis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,messofluminis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197898,Caridina lipalmaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lipalmaria,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2010", 197899,Paratya annamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,annamensis,,,,,"Balss, 1924", 197900,Caridina amoyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,amoyensis,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1977", 197901,Caridina novaecaledoniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,novaecaledoniae,,,,,"J. Roux, 1926", 197902,Leptocarpus kempi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptocarpus,kempi,,,,,"Jayachandran, 1992", 197903,Caridina demani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,demani,,,,,"J. Roux, 1911", 197904,Macrobrachium catonium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,catonium,,,,,"H.H.III Hobbs & H.H.Jr. Hobbs, 1995", 197906,Macrobrachium brasiliense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,brasiliense,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 197908,Caridina paracornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,paracornuta,,,,,"Cai & Yuan, 1996", 197909,Macrobrachium edentatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,edentatum,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1986", 197910,Neocaridina euspinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,euspinosa,,,,," Cai, 1996", 197911,Typhlocaris galilea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TYPHLOCARIDIDAE,Typhlocaris,galilea,,,,,"Calman, 1909", 197913,Macrobrachium thysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,thysi,,,,,"Powell, 1980", 197914,Caridina fossarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,fossarum,,,,,"Heller, 1862", 197915,Macrobrachium kempi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,kempi,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1949)", 197916,Caridina rajadhari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,rajadhari,,,,,"Bouvier, 1918", 197922,Caridina curta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,curta,,,,,"Liang & Cai, 2000", 197923,Caridina panikkari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,panikkari,,,,,"Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984", 197924,Typhlatya garciadebrasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,garciadebrasi,,,,,"Juarrero de Varona & Ortiz, 2000", 197926,Macrobrachium sundaicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sundaicum,,,,,"(Heller, 1862) ", 197927,Typhlocaris lethaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TYPHLOCARIDIDAE,Typhlocaris,lethaea,,,,,"Parisi, 1921", 197928,Caridina pingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pingi,,,,,"Yu, 1938", 197931,Macrobrachium kunjuramani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,kunjuramani,,,,,"Jayachandran & Raji, 2005", 197932,Atyaephyra desmarestii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyaephyra,desmarestii,,,,,"(Millet, 1831)", 197933,Caridina natarajani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,natarajani,,,,,"Tiwari & R.S. Pillai, 1968", 197937,Sinodina bispinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,bispinosa,,,,,"(Liang, 1990)", 197938,Pseudopalaemon nigramnis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Pseudopalaemon,nigramnis,,,,,"Kensley & Walker, 1982", 197941,Euryrhynchina edingtonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchina,edingtonae,,,,,"Powell, 1976", 197943,Macrobrachium indicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,indicum,,,,,"Jayachandran & Joseph, 1986", 197944,Macrobrachium manningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,manningi,,,,,"Pereira & Lasso, 2007", 197945,Pycnisia bunyip,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Pycnisia,bunyip,,,,,"Suzuki & Davie, 2003", 197946,Troglomexicanus tamaulipasensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglomexicanus,tamaulipasensis,,,,,"Villalobos, Alvarez & Iliffe, 1999", 197947,Caridina flavilineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,flavilineata,,,,,"Đăng, 1975","This species has been considered to be a synonym of the widespread Caridina lanceifrons (see Liang 2004), but is herein considered as a valid species, following De Grave and Fransen (2011)." 197948,Caridina grandirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,grandirostris,,,,,"Stimpson, 1860", 197949,Macrobrachium walvanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,walvanense,,,,,"Almelkar, Jalihal & Sankolli, 1999", 197950,Palaemonetes antennarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,antennarius,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)", 197952,Macrobrachium microps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,microps,,,,,"Holthuis, 1978", 197953,Caridina susuroflabra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,susuroflabra,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197954,Macrobrachium gangeticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,gangeticum,,,,,"Spence Bate, 1868", 197955,Caridina spelunca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spelunca,,,,,"Choy, 1996", 197957,Macrobrachium urayang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,urayang,,,,,"Wowor & Short, 2007", 197958,Limnocaridina tanganyikae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,tanganyikae,,,,,"Calman, 1899", 197961,Macrobrachium manipurense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,manipurense,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 197963,Macrobrachium atabapense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,atabapense,,,,,"Pereira, 1986", 197964,Macrobrachium dayanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,dayanum,,,,,"(Henderson, 1893)", 197965,Macrobrachium dierythrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,dierythrum,,,,,"Pereira, 1986", 197966,Macrobrachium clymene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,clymene,,,,,"(De Man, 1902)", 197967,Caridina ensifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,ensifera,,,,,"Schenkel, 1902", 197968,Macrobrachium andamanicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,andamanicum,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 197969,Caridina mccullochi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mccullochi,,,,,"J. Roux, 1926","Caridina mccullochi is part of the C.indistincta species complex and may prove to be the same species (T. Page pers. comm. 2011)." 197971,Macrobrachium shokitai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,shokitai,,,,,"Fujino & Baba, 1973", 197973,Caridina caerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,caerulea,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009", 197976,Macrobrachium nobilii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,nobilii,,,,,"(Henderson & Matthai, 1910)", 197977,Limnocaridina parvula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,parvula,,,,,"Calman, 1907", 197978,Macrobrachium foai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,foai,,,,,"(Coutière, 1902)", 197979,Macrobrachium johnsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,johnsoni,,,,," Ravindranath, 1979", 19797,Sacalia quadriocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Sacalia,quadriocellata,,,,,"Siebenrock, 1903", 197982,Paratya australiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,australiensis,,,,,"Kemp, 1917", 197983,Troglocubanus gibarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglocubanus,gibarensis,,,,,"(Chace, 1943)", 197984,Macrobrachium praecox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,praecox,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1928)", 197985,Caridina mathiassi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mathiassi,,,,,"Silas & Jayachandran, 2011", 197986,Troglocaris planinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,planinensis,,,,,"Birstein, 1948", 197987,Macrobrachium pumilum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,pumilum,,,,,"Pereira, 1986", 197989,Caridina okiamnis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,okiamnis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197990,Macrobrachium petersii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,petersii,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1879)", 197991,Caridina longa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,longa,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1985", 197993,Caridina unca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,unca,,,,,"Gurney, 1984", 197995,Caridina disjuncta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,disjuncta,,,,,"Cai & Liang, 1999", 197996,Parisia microphthalma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,microphthalma,,,,," (Fage, 1946)", 197997,Macrobrachium tiwarii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,tiwarii,,,,,"Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988", 197999,Sinodina yui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,yui,,,,,"(Liang & Yan, 1985)", 198000,Caridinopsis chevalieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridinopsis,chevalieri,,,,,"Bouvier, 1912", 198001,Caridina mengaeoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mengaeoides,,,,,"Guo & Suzuki, 1996", 198002,Macrobrachium patheinense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,patheinense,,,,,"Phone & Suzuki, 2004", 198003,Macrobrachium carcinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,carcinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 198004,Lancaris kumariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Lancaris,kumariae,,,,,"(de Silva, 1990)", 198005,Macrobrachium handschini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,handschini,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1933)", 198006,Troglocaris pretneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,pretneri,,,,,"(Matjašič, 1956)", 198007,Australatya striolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Australatya,striolata,,,,,"(McCulloch & McNeill, 1923)", 198008,Neocaridina ishigakiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,ishigakiensis,,,,,"(Fujino & Shokita, 1975)", 198009,Palaemonetes mesopotamicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,mesopotamicus,,,,,"Pesta, 1913", 198010,Macrobrachium hendersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hendersoni,,,,,"(De Man, 1906)", 198011,Troglomexicanus perezfarfanteae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglomexicanus,perezfarfanteae,,,,,"(Villalobos Figueroa, 1971)", 198012,Macrobrachium sollaudii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sollaudii,,,,,"(De Man, 1912)", 198013,Caridina wyckii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,wyckii,,,,,"(Hickson, 1888)", 198014,Neocaridina spinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,spinosa,,,,,"(Liang, 1964)", 198015,Macrobrachium lopopodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lopopodus,,,,,"Wowor & Choy, 2001", 198016,Caridina paucidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,paucidentata,,,,,"L.-Q. Wang & Liang, 2005", 198017,Caridina ghanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,ghanensis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 198018,Macrobrachium americanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,americanum,,,,,"Spence Bate, 1868", 198019,Troglomexicanus huastecae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglomexicanus,huastecae,,,,,"Villalobos, Alvarez & Iliffe, 1999", 198020,Mancicaris sinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Mancicaris,sinensis,,,,,"Liang, Guo & Tang, 1999", 198021,Caridina pingioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pingioides,,,,,"Yu, 1938", 198022,Leptocarpus potamiscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptocarpus,potamiscus,,,,,"(Kemp, 1917)", 198023,Macrobrachium purpureamanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,purpureamanus,,,,,"Wowor, 1999", 198024,Caridina bunyonyiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,bunyonyiensis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2005", 198025,Macrobrachium therezieni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,therezieni,,,,,"Holthuis, 1965", 198026,Pseudopalaemon chryseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Pseudopalaemon,chryseus,,,,,"Kensley & Walker, 1982", 198027,Macrobrachium raridens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,raridens,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1893)", 198029,Caridina lanzana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lanzana,,,,,"Holthuis, 1980", 198030,Macrobrachium acanthurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,acanthurus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1836)", 198032,Neocaridina homospina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,homospina,,,,,"Liang, 2002", 198033,Caridina carli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,carli,,,,,"J. Roux, 1931", 198034,Macrobrachium lujae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lujae,,,,,"(De Man, 1912)", 198035,Macrobrachium glabrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,glabrum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1995", 198036,Caridina guiyangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,guiyangensis,,,,,"Liang, 2002", 198037,Caridina crassipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,crassipes,,,,,"Liang, 1993", 198038,Macrobrachium canarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,canarae,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1958)", 198039,Macrobrachium niloticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,niloticum,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1833)", 198040,Macrobrachium heterorhynchos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,heterorhynchos,,,,,"Guo & He, 2008", 198041,Atya intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,intermedia,,,,,"Bouvier, 1904", 198042,Caridina gurneyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gurneyi,,,,,"Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984", 198043,Caridina amnicolizambezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,amnicolizambezi,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 198044,Leptocarpus fluminicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptocarpus,fluminicola,,,,,"(Kemp, 1917)", 198047,Jolivetya foresti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Jolivetya,foresti,,,,,"Cals, 1986", 198049,Troglocaris prasence,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,prasence,,,,,"Sket & Zakšek, 2009", 198051,Macrobrachium placidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,placidum,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)", 198053,Macrobrachium trichodactylum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,trichodactylum,,,,,"Liang, Liu & Chen, 2007", 198054,Potamalpheops stygicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ALPHEIDAE,Potamalpheops,stygicola,,,,,"(H.H.Jr. Hobbs, 1973)", 198056,Caridina disparidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,disparidentata,,,,,"Liang, Yan & X. Wang, 1984", 198057,Stygiocaris stylifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Stygiocaris,stylifera,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960", 198058,Limnocaridina iridinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,iridinae,,,,,"Roth-Woltereck, 1958", 198059,Caridina gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gracilirostris,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 198060,Caridina cavalerieioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cavalerieioides,,,,,"Liu & Liang, 2004", 198061,Macrobrachium inflatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,inflatum,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1985", 198062,Macrobrachium sbordonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sbordonii,,,,,"Mejía-Ortíz, Baldari & López-Mejía, 2008", 198064,Stygiocaris lancifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Stygiocaris,lancifera,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960", 198065,Paracaridina zijinica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paracaridina,zijinica,,,,,"Liang, 2002", 198066,Caridina fernandoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,fernandoi,,,,,"Arudpragasam & Costa, 1962", 198067,Caridina macrophora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,macrophora,,,,,"Kemp, 1918", 198069,Macrobrachium dux,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,dux,,,,,"(Lenz, 1910)", 198070,Sinodina leptopropoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,leptopropoda,,,,,"Liang, 1990", 198071,Macrobrachium crebrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,crebrum,,,,,"Abele & Kim, 1989", 198072,Caridina kilimae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,kilimae,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1898", 198073,Pseudopalaemon iquitoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Pseudopalaemon,iquitoensis,,,,,"García-Dávila & Magalhães, 2004", 198074,Neocaridina anhuiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,anhuiensis,,,,,"(Liang, Zhu & Xiong, 1984)", 198075,Atyopsis spinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyopsis,spinipes,,,,,"(Newport, 1847)", 198076,Macrobrachium meridionale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,meridionale,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1983", 198077,Caridina similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,similis,,,,,"Bouvier, 1904", 198078,Caridina moeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,moeri,,,,,"Roth-Woltereck, 1984", 198080,Caridina lamiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lamiana,,,,,"Holthuis, 1965", 198081,Macrobrachium scorteccii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,scorteccii,,,,,"Maccagno, 1961", 198084,Neocaridina zhoushanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,zhoushanensis,,,,,"Cai, 1996", 198085,Caridina spinula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spinula,,,,,"Choy & Marshall, 1997", 198087,Caridina nudirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,nudirostris,,,,,"Choy, 1984", 198089,Macrobrachium ohione,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,ohione,,,,,"(Smith, 1874)", 198090,Macrobrachium rogersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,rogersi,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 198091,Macrobrachium zariquieyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,zariquieyi,,,,,"Holthuis, 1949", 198093,Palaemonetes argentinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,argentinus,,,,,"Nobili, 1901", 198094,Macrobrachium borellii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,borellii,,,,,"(Nobili, 1896)", 198096,Caridella minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridella,minuta,,,,,"Calman, 1906", 198097,Parisia edentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,edentata,,,,,"Holthuis, 1956", 198098,Palaemonetes texanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,texanus,,,,,"Strenth, 1976", 198100,Caridina petiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,petiti,,,,,"J. Roux, 1929", 198101,Macrobrachium tuxtlaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,tuxtlaense,,,,,"Villalobos & Alvarez, 1999", 198103,Neocaridina iriomotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,iriomotensis,,,,,"Naruse, Shokita & Cai, 2006", 198104,Macrobrachium lucifugum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lucifugum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1974", 198105,Caridina jalihali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,jalihali,,,,,"Mariappan & Richard, 2006", 198106,Caridina ebuneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,ebuneus,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 198107,Macrobrachium hancocki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hancocki,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198108,Macrobrachium nattereri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,nattereri,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 198109,Parisia gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,gracilis,,,,,"Williams, 1964", 198110,Euryrhynchoides holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchoides,holthuisi,,,,," Powell, 1976", 198111,Caridina fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,fasciata,,,,,"Hung, Chan & Yu, 1993", 198112,Macrobrachium tenuirostrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,tenuirostrum,,,,,"X. Wang, 1997", 198114,Caridina breviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,breviata,,,,,"N.K. Ng & Cai, 2000", 198115,Macrobrachium felicinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,felicinum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1949", 198116,Macrobrachium crenulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,crenulatum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198117,Caridina shilinica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,shilinica,,,,,"Liang & Cai, 2000", 198118,Desmocaris bislineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,DESMOCARIDIDAE,Desmocaris,bislineata,,,,,"Powell, 1977", 198120,Caridina mauritii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mauritii,,,,,"Bouvier, 1912", 198122,Macrobrachium superbum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,superbum,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 198123,Typhlatya elenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,elenae,,,,,"Juarrero, 1994", 198124,Caridina cognata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cognata,,,,,"De Man, 1915", 198125,Caridina angustipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,angustipes,,,,,"Guo & Liang, 2003", 198126,Caridina hova,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,hova,,,,,"Nobili, 1905", 198127,Exopalaemon modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Exopalaemon,modestus,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 198129,Neocaridina keunbaei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,keunbaei,,,,,"(Kim, 1976)", 198130,Sinodina yongshengica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,yongshengica,,,,,"Chen & Liang, 2002", 198131,Macrobrachium villosimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,villosimanus,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1949)", 198133,Limnocaridina socius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,socius,,,,,"Calman, 1910", 198134,Caridina lanceifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lanceifrons,,,,,"Yu, 1936", 198137,Macrobrachium elatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,elatum,,,,,"Jayachandran, 1987", 198142,Troglocaris kapelana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,kapelana,,,,,"Sket & Zakšek, 2009", 198143,Macrobrachium dalatense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,dalatense,,,,,"Nguyên, 2003", 198145,Caridina belazoniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,belazoniensis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 198146,Palaemonetes sinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,sinensis,,,,,"(Sollaud, 1911)", 198148,Creaseria morleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Creaseria,morleyi,,,,,"(Creaser, 1936)", 198149,Macrobrachium vollenhoveni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,vollenhoveni,,,,,"(Herklots, 1857)", 198150,Caridina thomasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,thomasi,,,,,"von Rintelen, Karge & Klotz, 2008", 198151,Caridina elliptica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,elliptica,,,,,"Cai & Yuan, 1996", 198152,Paratya caledonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,caledonica,,,,,"J. Roux, 1927", 198153,Atya crassa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,crassa,,,,,"(Smith, 1871)", 198154,Pseudopalaemon bouvieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Pseudopalaemon,bouvieri,,,,,"Sollaud, 1911", 198155,Neocaridina linfenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,linfenensis,,,,,"Cai, 1996", 198156,Macrobrachium suongae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,suongae,,,,,"Nguyên, 2003", 198157,Macrobrachium transandicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,transandicum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198158,Macrobrachium veliense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,veliense,,,,,"Jayachandran & Joseph, 1985", 198159,Macrobrachium agwi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,agwi,,,,,"Klotz, 2008", 198161,Macrobrachium amplimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,amplimanus,,,,,"Cai & Dai, 1999", 198162,Macrobrachium jayasreei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,jayasreei,,,,,"Jayachandran & Raji, 2005", 198163,Macrobrachium poeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,poeti,,,,,"Holthuis, 1984", 198164,Macrobrachium equidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,equidens,,,,," (Dana, 1852)", 198165,Atyopsis moluccensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyopsis,moluccensis,,,,,"(De Haan, 1849)", 198166,Troglocaris ablaskiri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,ablaskiri,,,,,"Birstein, 1939", 198167,Dugastella marocana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Dugastella,marocana,,,,,"Bouvier, 1912", 198171,Caridina sodenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,sodenensis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 198172,Paratya intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,intermedia,,,,,"J. Roux, 1927", 198173,Macrobrachium inpa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,inpa,,,,,"Kensley & Walker, 1982", 198174,Macrobrachium wannanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,wannanense,,,,,"Dai & Tan, 1993", 198175,Caridina wumingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,wumingensis,,,,,"Cai, & P.K.L. Ng, 1999", 198176,Troglocubanus inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglocubanus,inermis,,,,,"(Chace, 1943)", 198178,Troglindicus phreaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglindicus,phreaticus,,,,,"Sankolli & Shenoy, 1979", 198179,Palaemonetes australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,australis,,,,,"Dakin, 1915", 198180,Caridina sumatianica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,sumatianica,,,,,"Cai & Yuan, 1996", 198182,Macrobrachium totonacum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,totonacum,,,,,"Mejía, Alvarez & Hartnoll, 2003", 198183,Pycneus morsitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Pycneus,morsitans,,,,,"Holthuis, 1986", 198185,Macrobrachium esculentum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,esculentum,,,,,"(Thallwitz, 1891)", 198186,Macrobrachium unikarnatakae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,unikarnatakae,,,,,"Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1988", 198187,Sinodina heterodactyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,heterodactyla,,,,,"(Liang, & Yan, 1985)", 198189,Sinodina dianica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,dianica,,,,,"Liang & Cai, 1999", 198190,Sinodina gregoriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,gregoriana,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)", 198191,Sinodina banna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Sinodina,banna,,,,,"(Cai & Dai, 1999)", 198192,Caridina lumilympha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lumilympha,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2010", 198193,Limnocaridina latipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridina,latipes,,,,,"Calman, 1906", 198194,Palaemonetes mesogenitor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,mesogenitor,,,,,"Sollaud, 1912", 198197,Caridina bamaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,bamaensis,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1983", 198198,Caridina kunmingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,kunmingensis,,,,,"Z.-Z. Wang & Liang, 2001", 198199,Caridina nilotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,nilotica,,,,,"(P. Roux, 1833)", 198200,Limnocaridella alberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Limnocaridella,alberti,,,,,"(Lenz, 1910)", 198203,Macrobrachium kulkarnii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,kulkarnii,,,,,"Almelkar & Sankolli, 2006", 198204,Caridina aruensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,aruensis,,,,,"J. Roux, 1911","Caridina aruensis is only known with certainty from the type specimens from the Aru Islands (eastern Indonesia) (Roux 1911).  The taxonomic status of the material reviewed by Riek (1953) from several localities in Queensland (Australia) has not been resolved and the conspecific identity of this material is questionable.  Davie (2002) treats Caridina aruensis as a synonym of Caridina nilotica, but the taxon was considered valid by De Grave and Fransen (2011)" 198205,Macrobrachium acanthochirus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,acanthochirus,,,,,"Villalobos, 1967", 198207,Neocaridina zhangjiajiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,zhangjiajiensis,,,,,"Cai, 1996", 198208,Macrobrachium forcipatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,forcipatum,,,,,"P.K.L. Ng, 1995", 198209,Macrobrachium rostratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,rostratum,,,,,"X. Wang, 1997", 198210,Palaemonetes carteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,carteri,,,,,"Gordon, 1935", 198211,Neocaridina gracilipoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,gracilipoda,,,,,"Liang, 2004", 196884,Arachnochium mirabile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Arachnochium,mirabile,,,,,"(Kemp, 1917)", 198214,Caridina apodosis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,apodosis,,,,,"Cai & N.K. Ng, 1999", 198215,Macrobrachium placidulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,placidulum,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)", 198216,Paratya martensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,martensi,,,,,"J. Roux, 1925", 198217,Macrobrachium olfersii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,olfersii,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1836)", 198218,Cryphiops luscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Cryphiops,luscus,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1973)", 198219,Atyella longirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyella,longirostris,,,,,"Calman, 1906", 198220,Paratya curvirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,curvirostris,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 198223,Macrobrachium digueti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,digueti,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1895)", 198224,Caridina brevispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,brevispina,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1986", 198226,Caridina uminensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,uminensis,,,,,"Đăng & Ðỗ, 2007", 198229,Pycnisia raptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Pycnisia,raptor,,,,,"Bruce, 1992", 198230,Macrobrachium kelianense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,kelianense,,,,,"Wowor & Short, 2007", 198231,Macrobrachium jacobsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,jacobsoni,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198232,Caridina yulinica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,yulinica,,,,,"Cai & N.K. Ng, 1999", 198235,Macrobrachium australe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,australe,,,,,"(Guérin Méneville, 1838)", 198236,Palaemon capensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemon,capensis,,,,,"De Man, 1897", 198239,Macrobrachium panamense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,panamense,,,,,"Rathbun, 1912", 198240,Macrobrachium lorentzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lorentzi,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1921)", 198242,Troglocubanus calcis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglocubanus,calcis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1912)", 198243,Caridina lima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lima,,,,,"Liang, Guo & Gao, 1993", 198244,Caridina menghaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,menghaiensis,,,,,"Cai & Dai, 1999", 198245,Caridina subventralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,subventralis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2005", 198247,Caridina chishuiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,chishuiensis,,,,,"Cai & Yuan, 1996", 198248,Macrobrachium leucodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,leucodactylus,,,,,"Wowor & Choy, 2001", 198250,Caridina umtatensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,umtatensis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 198251,Caridina hodgarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,hodgarti,,,,,"Kemp, 1913", 198254,Paratya howensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,howensis,,,,,"J. Roux, 1926", 198255,Caridina hongyanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,hongyanensis,,,,,"Cai & Yuan, 1996", 198256,Caridina longirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,longirostris,,,,,"H. Milne Edwards, 1837", 198257,Caridina sundanella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,sundanella,,,,,"Holthuis, 1978", 198259,Cryphiops perspicax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Cryphiops,perspicax,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1977)", 198260,Caridina norvestica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,norvestica,,,,,"Holthuis, 1965", 198261,Neocaridina bamana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,bamana,,,,,"Liang, 2004", 198262,Caridina plicata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,plicata,,,,,"Liang, 2004", 198263,Macrobrachium rathbunae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,rathbunae,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198264,Caridina kempi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,kempi,,,,,"Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984", 198265,Caridina excavata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,excavata,,,,,"Kemp, 1913", 198267,Macrobrachium vietnamiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,vietnamiense,,,,,"Đăng, 1972", 198270,Caridina hainanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,hainanensis,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1983","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear.  It has been synonimised with Caridina propinqua in modern literature, but has been maintained as a valid species in more recent Chinese literature." 198271,Typhlatya campecheae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,campecheae,,,,,"H.H.III Hobbs & H.H.Jr. Hobbs, 1976", 198274,Typhlopatsa pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlopatsa,pauliani,,,,,"Holthuis, 1956", 198275,Neopalaemon nahuatlus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Neopalaemon,nahuatlus,,,,,"H.H.Jr. Hobbs, 1973", 198276,Jonga serrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Jonga,serrei,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1909)", 198277,Caridina sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,sarasinorum,,,,,"Schenkel, 1902", 198278,Caridina gabonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gabonensis,,,,,"J. Roux, 1927", 198281,Macrobrachium occidentale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,occidentale,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198282,Pseudopalaemon funchiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Pseudopalaemon,funchiae,,,,,"García-Dávila & Magalhães, 2004", 198284,Palaemonetes paludosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,paludosus,,,,,"(Gibbes, 1850)", 198285,Caridina maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,maculata,,,,,"L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008",The taxonomic status of this species requires clarification. 198286,Macrobrachium potiuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,potiuna,,,,,"(Müller, 1880)", 198288,Xiphocaris gomezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,XIPHOCARIDIDAE,Xiphocaris,gomezi,,,,,"Juarrero de Varona, 1993", 198293,Caridina hunanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,hunanensis,,,,,"Liang, Guo & Gao, 1993", 198294,Troglocaris kutaissiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,kutaissiana,,,,,"(Sadowsky, 1930)", 198295,Macrobrachium vicconi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,vicconi,,,,,"Román, Ortega & Mejía, 2000", 198296,Caridina thermophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,thermophila,,,,,"Riek, 1953", 198299,Macrobrachium cocoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,cocoense,,,,,"Abele & Kim, 1984", 198300,Caridina gueryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gueryi,,,,,"Marquet, Keith & Kalfatak, 2009", 198301,Macrobrachium chevalieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,chevalieri,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1935)", 198302,Macrobrachium duri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,duri,,,,,"Wowor & Ng, 2010", 198304,Macrobrachium aracamuni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,aracamuni,,,,,"Rodríguez, 1982", 198305,Troglocubanus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Troglocubanus,jamaicensis,,,,,"Holthuis, 1963", 198306,Caridina tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,tonkinensis,,,,,"Bouvier, 1919", 198307,Paratya bouvieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,bouvieri,,,,,"J. Roux, 1926", 198310,Macrobrachium natulorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,natulorum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1984", 198311,Macrobrachium bariense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,bariense,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)", 198312,Macrobrachium petiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,petiti,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1934b)", 198315,Caridina solearipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,solearipes,,,,,"Guo & De Grave, 1997", 198318,Palaemonetes mercedae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,mercedae,,,,,"Pereira, 1986", 198319,Gallocaris inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Gallocaris,inermis,,,,,"(Fage, 1937)", 198320,Macrobrachium patsa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,patsa,,,,,"(Coutière, 1899)", 198321,Caridina confusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,confusa,,,,,"Choy & Marshall, 1997", 198322,Paratya borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Paratya,borealis,,,,,"Volk, 1938", 198324,Macrobrachium inca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,inca,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198325,Macrobrachium kistnense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,kistnense,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 198327,Caridina typus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,typus,,,,,"H. Milne Edwards, 1837","It is likely that Caridina typus is a species complex of two or more species (M. de Bruyn, pers. comm. 2012)" 198328,Caridina formosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,formosae,,,,,"Hung, Chan & Yu, 1993", 198330,Caridinides wilkinsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridinides,wilkinsi,,,,,"Calman, 1926", 198332,Macrobrachium dolichodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,dolichodactylus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1879)", 198334,Caridina hubeiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,hubeiensis,,,,,"Liang & S.-Q. Li, 1993 ", 198335,Calathaemon holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Calathaemon,holthuisi,,,,,"(Strenth, 1976) ", 198336,Macrobrachium sulcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sulcatus,,,,,"(Henderson & Matthai, 1910)", 198337,Atyaephyra stankoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyaephyra,stankoi,,,,,"Karaman, 1972", 198339,Macrobrachium striatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,striatum,,,,,"N. N. Pillai, 1991", 198341,Macrobrachium lepidactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lepidactylus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1879)", 198342,Caridina liui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,liui,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1986", 198343,Macrobrachium sulcicarpale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sulcicarpale,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 198344,Macrobrachium idae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,idae,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 198346,Neocaridina hofendopoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,hofendopoda,,,,,"(Shen, 1948)", 197641,Coutierella tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Coutierella,tonkinensis,,,,,"(Liu, Liang & Yan, 1990)","Two subspecies (tonkinensis and guangdongensis) are currently recognised (Li et al. 2007), although the distinction between them is not clear and not accepted by all taxonomists. Therefore the taxon is assessed at species level only." 198381,Mastigodryas cliftoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,cliftoni,,,,,"(Hardy, 1964)","This species has often been placed in the genus Dryadophis, but Dixon and Tipton (2004) placed it in Mastigodryas on the basis of seniority." 198382,Mastigodryas dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,dorsalis,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1890)","This species has often been placed in the genus Dryadophis, but Dixon and Tipton (2004) placed it in Mastigodryas on the basis of seniority." 198383,Mesalina martini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,martini,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 198384,Mesalina pasteuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,pasteuri,,,,,"(Bons, 1960)","P. Geniez (pers. comm.) suggests that the record from Egypt does not correspond to Mesalina pasteuri. However, comparisons of specimens from Egypt and those from the type locality by S. Baha El Din (pers. comm.) indicate that the species is truly present in Egypt." 198385,Mesalina guttulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,guttulata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Baha El Din (2006) suggested that this species represents a species complex; subsequent genetic research has confirmed this view (Kapli et al. 2008). These latter authors identified several major clades as candidate species, as well as confirming the validity of the recently-described Mesalina bahaeldini, previously included within M. guttulata (Segoli et al. 2002). A revision of the M. guttulata species complex in the Middle East and Arabia was conducted by Sindaco et al. (2018), erecting the new species M. austroarabica and M. arnoldi for Arabian populations, identifying a further, undescribed candidate species from this region, and restricting M. guttulata to Africa. High levels of genetic variability within African populations suggest that unresolved taxonomic issues exist within the resulting concept of M. guttulata (Sindaco et al. 2018)." 198386,Mesalina rubropunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,rubropunctata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 198388,Ninia sebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,sebae,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 198389,Oxybelis fulgidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oxybelis,fulgidus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)", 198390,Oxybelis aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oxybelis,aeneus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)","A recent molecular phylogenetic analysis covering northern populations of Oxybelis aeneus (from North America to Panama) found three distinct clades in this area, all of which differed from a fourth clade from Trinidad and Tobago (Jadin et al. 2019). These authors refrain from taking taxonomic action pending the results of ongoing research incorporating both molecular and morphological data across the full distribution of this species complex (Jadin et al. in preparation), and suspect that additional cryptic species will be recognized as a result of this work." 198391,Oxyrhopus petolarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,petolarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species and Oxyrhopus petola, both originally described by Linnaeus (1758), have long been recognized to be synonymous. Savage (2011) investigated the complex nomenclatural history of this taxon, and determined O. petolarius to be the correct name for this species." 198392,Philochortus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Philochortus,intermedius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1917","Philochortus rudolfensis is now considered to be a separate species by some authors (see Spawls et al. 2002). Uetz and Hallerman (2012) caution that only five specimens of this latter taxon are known, and suggest retaining it within P. intermedius pending further research, however Spawls et al. (2002) suggest that the two taxa are unlikely to be closely-related due to apparent differences in their habitat requirements. This account therefore provisionally follows Spawls et al. (2002) in treating P. rudolfensis as a separate species.

Parker (1942) reported an atypical specimen from the Haud in Somalia, which he tentatively assigned to ""Philochortus intermedius subspec. ?"" Largen and Spawls (2006) indicate that this specimen is ""Clearly"" not P. intermedius, but also that no further material of this form is known and that its taxonomic status cannot be clarified without additional specimens." 198393,Phrynosoma asio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,asio,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 198394,Phyllodactylus tuberculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,tuberculosus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1834", 198396,Pristurus flavipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,flavipunctatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835",Animals recorded from Jordan represent Pristurus rupestris (R. Sindaco pers. comm.). 198397,Pseuderemias mucronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pseuderemias,mucronata,,,,,"(Blanford, 1870)", 198398,Ptyodactylus ragazzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,ragazzii,,,,,"Anderson, 1898","Records of Ptyodactylus hasselquistii, a northern African and southwest Asian species, from Mangu (=Mango in Togo - J.-F. Trape pers. comm. 2012) and Shoa Hoggar Gebirge in Ghana (Uetz and Hallerman 2010) represent confusion with this species (J.-F. Trape pers. comm. June 2012). Records of P. hasselquistii from Cameroon also presumably represent confusion with P. ragazzii, which is known to occur in this country." 198399,Ptyodactylus hasselquistii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,hasselquistii,,,,,"(Donndorff, 1798)","Difficulty in distinguishing Ptyodactylus populations on morphological grounds have been hampered by the morphological similarity of these geckos, and consequently many historically-described species have widely been treated as subspecies of a widely-distributed Ptyodactylus hasselquistii (see discussion in Metallinou et al. 2015).

Metallinou et al. (2015) performed the first genus-wide systematic revision of Ptyodactylus applying molecular techniques. They found high levels of genetic divergence within the P. hasselquistii complex (within which they retained the recently-described taxa P. orlovi, P. dhofarensis and P. ananjevae [Nazarov et al. 2013] pending the completion of ongoing work), and recovered two major clades that required further material from Arabia to fully resolve.

Simó-Riudalbas et al. (2017) conducted an analysis of Ptyodactylus hasselquisti across the Hajar Mountains. These authors identified two endemic lineages from these mountains, one corresponding to P. orlovi and one described as the new species P. ruusalijibalicus. These authors' analysis provided further support for the recognition of P. dhofarensis and P. ananjevae (Nazarov et al. 2013) and these are consequently recognized as valid species in this account, however the distributions of these taxa relative to P. hasselquisti remain unclear. A wider-ranging taxonomic revision of the P. hasselquistii complex is underway (S. Carranza pers. comm. 2018)." 198400,Ptyodactylus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,guttatus,,,,,"Heyden, 1827", 198401,Rhadinaea decorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,decorata,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 198403,Rhadinella posadasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,posadasi,,,,,"(Slevin, 1936)", 198404,Scaphiodontophis annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Scaphiodontophis,annulatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 198410,Sceloporus squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,squamosus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1874", 198414,Sceloporus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,variabilis,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1834","Based on patterns of multilocus isozyme variation, Mendoza-Quijano et al. (1998) recognized Sceloporus variabilis marmoratus as a distinct species (Sceloporus marmoratus), and they proposed that the remaining S. variabilis populations be split into multiple species. In commenting on the proposed split, Crother et al. (2000) pointed out that the sample of marmoratus was from a single locality more than 500 km from the closest sample of S. v. variabilis and concluded that more extensive sampling from intermediate localities is needed to determine if marmoratus and variabilis are separate lineages.

Sceloporus variabilis marmoratus is retained here following Crother et al. (2000) and Bell et al. (2003) pending further investigation of its taxonomic status." 198420,Scincus albifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincus,albifasciatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890",This taxon was elevated to species status by Arnold and Leviton (1977). 198423,Sibon nebulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,nebulatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 198439,Sphaerodactylus argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,argus,,,,,"Gosse, 1850", 198450,Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,millepunctatus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1861","Hedges and McCranie (2012) examined the systematics of this species complex, assigning northern populations to the resurrected Sphenomorphus continentalis. These authors described two new species, S. leonardovaldezi and S. guanajae, based on records from the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras. More recently, remaining ""S. millepunctatus"" populations from the Bay Islands have been examined and determined to represent two additional, distinct species, S. alphus (Islha de Guanaja) and S. poindexteri (Islha de Utila) (McCranie and Hedges 2013)." 198461,Sphaerodactylus glaucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,glaucus,,,,,"Cope, 1866", 198486,Scincella incerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,incerta,,,,,"(Stuart, 1940)","The large, globally-distributed genus Sphenomorphus has long been suspected to be paraphyletic; molecular analysis by Linkem et al. (2011) confirmed this and found the genus to be paraphyletic with regard to a large number of existing skink genera. These authors assigned S. incertus (which was not included in their analysis) to Scincella." 198504,Scincella assata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,assata,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 198511,Chalcides delislei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,delislei,,,,,"(Lataste & Rochebrune, 1876)", 198512,Chalcides boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,boulengeri,,,,,"Anderson, 1896",The status of this taxon is unclear. 198513,Stenodactylus sthenodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,sthenodactylus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","On examination of the lectotype of Ascalabotes sthenodactylus, Metallinou and Crochet (2013) determined that this specimen belongs to S. mauritanicus, now generally regarded as a valid species. S. sthenodactylus is a widely-used name for a well-known taxon distributed south and east of the range of S. mauritanicus, and in order to preserve the prevailing usage of both names Metallinou and Crochet (2013) indicate an intent to apply to the International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature to permit a neotype designation. Pending a decision on any application, this account retains the prevailing usage for this species.

While it has been proposed that S. sthenodactylus as presently defined represents a species complex (S. Baha El Din pers. comm., Metallinou et al. 2012), in a review of the status of names proposed for North African Stenodactylus Metallinou and Crochet (2013) explicitly refrain from recognizing species within this complex pending further research. These authors do note that the name S. zavattari is available for a lineage identified by Metallinou et al. (2012) as ranging from Kenya to Egypt, should future work determine that this lineage warrants specific or subspecific recognition." 198515,Stenodactylus petrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,petrii,,,,,"Anderson, 1896", 198516,Stenorrhina degenhardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stenorrhina,degenhardtii,,,,,"(Berthold, 1846)", 198517,Sympholis lippiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Sympholis,lippiens,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 198519,Tarentola annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,annularis,,,,,"(Geoffroy de St-Hilaire, 1827)","The subspecies Tarentola annularis relicta is restricted to southern Sudan." 198520,Tarentola ephippiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,ephippiata,,,,,"O'Shaughnessy, 1875","This is a complex that contains up to three separate species. Two subspecies, Tarentola ephippiata hoggarensis and T. e. senegambiae have been elevated to full species status (citing molecular grounds, but without supporting data) by Trape et al. (2012) and that treatment is followed here." 198521,Thamnophis marcianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,marcianus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 198522,Thamnophis proximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,proximus,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 198523,Trachylepis quinquetaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,quinquetaeniata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","This is thought to be a species complex (Mausfeld 2000, Böhme 1985). Populations attributed to this species in which adult males have unmarked throats have been attributed to Trachylepis langheldi (Trape et al. 2012)." 198525,Trapelus mutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,mutabilis,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)","Trapelus mutabilis is a taxonomically complex form with numerous recognized synonyms (Wermuth 1967; see Wagner et al. 2011 for currently-recognized synonymy). Wagner and Böhme (2007) confirmed that, as suspected from its variability and complex taxonomic history, the traditional concept of T. mutabilis is a species complex. These authors referred a specimen of ""T. mutabilis"" from Chad to a new species, T. schmitzi. Further research aimed at resolving taxonomic problems with this complex was hindered by the fact that no holotype for T. mutabilis has been located, and may not have been assigned (Wagner et al. 2011). Consequently, Wagner et al. (2011) assigned a neotype and redescribed this species in their revision of North African Trapelus. On the basis of combined morphological and molecular evidence, these authors restricted T. mutabilis to north and northeastern Africa, erecting the new species T. boehmei for western populations.

Wagner et al. (2011) confirmed subspecific status for T. m. pallidus, variously considered either a synonym for T. mutabilis (Schleich et al. 1996) or a full species T. pallidus (e.g. Moody 1980, Baha El Din 2006), and erected the new subspecies T. m. poppeki. Bauer et al. (2017) expressed doubts about the validity of this subspecies, and suggested that the genetic variation these authors reported may be an artefact of the absence of samples from the intervening portion of the range.

The Middle Eastern form Trapelus agnetae, previously a subspecies of T. pallidus but considered a possibly distinct species (Y. Werner pers. comm.), was confirmed as a genetically distinct lineage and formally resurrected as a full species by Wagner et al. (2011)." 198526,Tretanorhinus nigroluteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tretanorhinus,nigroluteus,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 198527,Trimorphodon biscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Trimorphodon,biscutatus,,,,,"(Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854)","Using morphological data, LaDuc and Johnson (2003) re-evaluated the status of Trimorphodon biscutatus and concluded that T. biscutatus vilkinsonii should be regarded as a distinct species. This action was upheld by Devitt et al. (2008), who revised the T. biscutatus complex and elevated the remaining four subspecies - T. b. lambda, T. b. lyrophanes, T. b. paucimaculatus and T. b. quadruplex - to specific status on the basis of both molecular and morphological data." 198529,Tropidodipsas fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodipsas,fasciata,,,,,"Günther, 1858","This species has previously been placed in the genus Sibon, but was transferred back to Tropidodipsas by Wallach (1995)." 198530,Tropiocolotes algericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,algericus,,,,,"Loveridge, 1947","This taxon was formerly treated as a subspecies of Tropiocolotes tripolitanus, but it was elevated to full species status by Baha El Din (2001)." 198531,Tropiocolotes bisharicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,bisharicus,,,,,"Baha El Din, 2001", 198533,Tropiocolotes steudneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,steudneri,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","Populations from Niger and southern Algeria exhibit several differences from those in Egypt, and may represent a cryptic species (Trape et al. 2012)." 198534,Ungaliophis continentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Ungaliophis,continentalis,,,,,"Müller, 1880", 198535,Uromastyx acanthinura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,acanthinura,,,,,"Bell, 1825","Wilms et al. (2009) recognized Uromastyx nigriventris from Morocco and western Algeria, previously treated as a subspecies of U. acanthinura, as a distinct species on the basis of genetic evidence." 198536,Uromastyx geyri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,geyri,,,,,"Müller, 1922","This species is sometimes considered a subspecies of Uromastyx acanthinura. In a revision of the genus Uromastyx, Wilms et al. (2009) found that U. geyri was genetically basal to all other members of the U. acanthinura group (including the full species U. acanthinura, U. dispar and U. nigriventris), and it was also distinguishable from these forms based on a PCA of morphological data. Consequently it is considered a full species here." 198537,Uromastyx dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,dispar,,,,,"Heyden, 1827","The subspecies Uromastyx dispar flavifasciata is considered by some authors (e.g. Geniez et al. 2004) to be a full species. This account follows the revision by Wilms et al. (2009) in treating U. dispar as having three subspecies: U. d. dispar, U. d. flavifasciata and U. d. maliensis, as these forms were found to form a distinct clade within the U. acanthinura group by these authors, and can only be distinguished morphologically by details of colouration in the adult males (Wilms et al. 2009). Trape and Trape (2012, in Trape et al. 2012) erected a fourth subspecies, U. d. hodhensis, for populations in southeast Mauritania. Populations of U. d. dispar outside Nubia, the Sudanese type locality, are genetically and ecologically closer to West African forms than to the Nubian population (Trape et al. 2012), suggesting that subspecific divisions within U. dispar are in need of revision." 198539,Varanus niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,niloticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Although Böhme and Ziegler (1997) elevated Varanus niloticus ornatus, the large forest water monitor of the Congo Basin region, to full species status, a recent molecular analysis by Dowell et al. (2015) indicated that this taxon should be considered a junior synonym of V. niloticus. Varanus niloticus is likely to be a species complex whose taxonomy remains unresolved, but recovered three genetic distinct lineages, in the west, north and southern part of Africa  (Dowell et al. 2015)." 198540,Xenodon rabdocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,rabdocephalus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)","Xenodon rabdocephalus is believed to be a species complex. Populations from Central America and Colombia that ""almost certainly"" fall outside the true range of Xenodon rabdocephalus sensu stricto were tentatively assigned to the resurrected Xenodon angustirostris by Myers and McDowell (2014). These authors were however not able to examine the holotype of X. angustirostris, and as such the status of this taxon requires confirmation. Morphological differences between Central American populations identified by Myers and McDowell (2014) further suggest that multiple species may fall within their concept of X. angustirostris. These authors note however that the distribution they propose for this taxon is ""zoogeographically plausible"" and that any effort to delimit species within this group based on the identified differences would amount to guesswork. Myers and McDowell (2014) are more confident in resurrecting Xenodon suspectus from synonymy with X. rabdocerphalus, but this account follows the Reptile Database (Uetz et al. 2018) in retaining both taxa within the X. rabdocephalus complex until its taxonomy is more fully-resolved." 198678,Echyridella menziesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Echyridella,menziesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)","It is possible that this species is actually a species complex, and should therefore be reviewed." 198679,Echyridella onekaka,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Echyridella,onekaka,,,,,"Fenwick & Marshall, 2006", 198790,Eua globosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Eua,globosa,,,,,"Pilsbry & Cooke, 1934",

This species is endemic to the island of 'Eua (Kingdom of Tonga).  It is the type species of the eponymous genus Eua and was described in some detail (including anatomical dissections & drawings) by Pilsbry and Cooke in 1934. Additional dissections and drawings were made by Y. Kondo (1955) and they appear in his unpublished Ph.D. thesis . The taxonomic validity of this species has been corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis of museum material (Lee et al. 2009).

198793,Kororia palaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Kororia,palaensis,,,,,"(Semper, 1870)","

Cowie et al. (1996) note that this species may occur elsewhere in the Pacific and may have been spread by human agencies. This species deserves additional taxonomic study.

" 198794,Melampus luteus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,luteus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)", 198795,Omphalotropis hispida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,hispida,,,,,"(Liardet, 1876)","The species was described in the genus Lagocheilus, which has an east Asian distribution. The occurrence of a species of Lagocheilus in Fiji is highly improbable. Judging from the original description and illustration, the species is here interpreted as belonging to the genus Omphalotropis." 19879,Samoana abbreviata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,abbreviata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1869)","This species seems closely related to Samoana conica, but its shells are dextral, whereas those of S. conica are sinistral. Its shell is generally yellowish -green in colour. Least common of the three Tutuila partulids." 198801,Partula auraniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,auraniana,,,,,"Hartman, 1888", 198804,Partula cramptoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,cramptoni,,,,,"Clench, 1941",

198809,Partula micans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,micans,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1853", 19880,Samoana diaphana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,diaphana,,,,,"(Crampton & Cooke, 1953)","Molecular analysis has revealed the possible existence of S. diaphana, previously believed endemic to Moorea, on Tahiti (O'Foighil, pers. comm.)." 198815,Partula similaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,similaris,,,,,"Hartman, 1886","

This species is currently treated as valid in the literature. However, O'Foighil et al. (2011) indicated that P. similaris is probably con-specific with P. carteriensis but did not formally synonymize them. It was maintained as a separate species by Gerlach (2016).

Partula similaris was described by Hartman (1886). The type locality is Woodlark (Muyua) Island, but a recent study by O'Foighil et al. (2011) has cast doubt on its taxonomic integrity by revealing that it exhibits within-population genetic divergence levels from an older nominal species, P. carteriensis (Quoy and Gaimard 1832).  O'Foighil et al. (2011) additionally propose that both P. similaris and P. carteriensis represent prehistoric anthropogenic founder populations from unknown source populations elsewhere in the familial range, presumably from yet other nominal taxon. Additional research that includes Solomon Islands partulids to resolve these taxonomic issues is underway. Pilsbry (1909-1910) redescribed the species conchologically from both Woodlark and Trobriand (Kiriwina) Islands.

" 198823,Samoana cramptoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,cramptoni,,,,,"Pilsbry & Cooke, 1934",This species was described in some detail (including anatomical dissections & drawings) by Pilsbry and Cooke (1934). Additional dissections and drawings were made by Y. Kondo and they appear in his unpublished Ph.D. thesis (1955). 198827,Pisidium novaezelandiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,novaezelandiae,,,,,"Prime, 1863", 198828,Ferrissia dohrnianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,dohrnianus,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)","Records are frequently not identified to species level, so differences in range and ecology between F. dohrianus and F. neozelanicus may be unclear." 198830,Glyptophysa variabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Glyptophysa,variabilis,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)","This is the only species within this genus in New Zealand, however it may be a species complex (Marshall pers. comm. 2011)." 198831,Gyraulus corinna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,corinna,,,,,"(Gray, 1850)", 198832,Gyraulus kahuica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,kahuica,,,,,"(Finlay & Laws, 1931)","Ponder (1964) believed that G. kahuica is probably only a subspecies of G. corinna." 198833,Austropeplea tomentosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Austropeplea,tomentosa,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1855)","There is a record of Lymnaea tomentosa from Australia, however further examination has suggested that this is a different species. It is possible that different groups in New Zealand may prove to be separate species (Puslednik 2003)." 198834,Catapyrgus fraterculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Catapyrgus,fraterculus,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198835,Catapyrgus matapango,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Catapyrgus,matapango,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198836,Catapyrgus sororius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Catapyrgus,sororius,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198838,Hadopyrgus anops,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hadopyrgus,anops,,,,,"Climo, 1974", 198839,Hadopyrgus brevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hadopyrgus,brevis,,,,,"Climo, 1974", 198840,Hadopyrgus dubius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hadopyrgus,dubius,,,,,"Haase, 2008","The allocation of this species to Hadopyrgus is tentative." 198841,Hadopyrgus ngataana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hadopyrgus,ngataana,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198842,Hadopyrgus rawhiti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hadopyrgus,rawhiti,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198843,Halopyrgus pagodulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Halopyrgus,pagodulus,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198845,Halopyrgus pupoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Halopyrgus,pupoides,,,,,"(Hutton, 1882)", 198846,Hadopyrgus expositus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hadopyrgus,expositus,,,,,"Haase, 2008",Should be in genus Hadopyrgus 198849,Kuschelita inflata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Kuschelita,inflata,,,,,"Climo, 1974", 198850,Kuschelita mica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Kuschelita,mica,,,,,"Climo, 1974", 198852,Leptopyrgus manneringi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leptopyrgus,manneringi,,,,,"(Climo, 1974)", 198853,Leptopyrgus melbourni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leptopyrgus,melbourni,,,,,"Hasse, 2008", 198854,Leptopyrgus tainui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leptopyrgus,tainui,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198856,Meridiopyrgus inanga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Meridiopyrgus,inanga,,,,,"Haase, 2008","This species is only known from one male specimen, and its genera allocation is tentative." 198857,Meridiopyrgus muaupoko,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Meridiopyrgus,muaupoko,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198858,Meridiopyrgus murihiku,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Meridiopyrgus,murihiku,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198859,Meridiopyrgus pupiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Meridiopyrgus,pupiformis,,,,,"Haase, 2008","This species is only known from one sub-adult female, so it is possible that this is not the correct placement from this specimen." 198861,Obtusopyrgus alpinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Obtusopyrgus,alpinus,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198862,Opacuincola abradeta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,abradeta,,,,,"Haase, 2008","This species is only known from empty shells, and its allocation is tentative." 198863,Opacuincola cervicesmadentes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,cervicesmadentes,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198864,Opacuincola conosimilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,conosimilis,,,,,"Haase, 2008",This species is known only from empty shells. 198865,Opacuincola delira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,delira,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198866,Opacuincola dulcinella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,dulcinella,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198867,Opacuincola eduardstraussi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,eduardstraussi,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198868,Opacuincola favus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,favus,,,,,"Haase, 2008",This species is known only from empty shells. 198869,Opacuincola fruticis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,fruticis,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198870,Opacuincola geometrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,geometrica,,,,,"Haase, 2008",The genus status of this species is uncertain. 198871,Opacuincola ignorata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,ignorata,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198872,Opacuincola johannstraussi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,johannstraussi,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198873,Opacuincola josefstraussi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,josefstraussi,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198874,Opacuincola kuscheli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,kuscheli,,,,,"Climo, 1974", 198875,Opacuincola lentesferens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,lentesferens,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198876,Opacuincola mete,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,mete,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198877,Opacuincola ngatapuna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,ngatapuna,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198878,Opacuincola ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,ovata,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198879,Opacuincola permutata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,permutata,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198880,Opacuincola piriformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,piriformis,,,,,"Haase, 2008",his species has only been described from empty shells. 198881,Opacuincola roscoei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,roscoei,,,,,"Haase, 2008",This species has only been described from empty shells. 198882,Opacuincola takakaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,takakaensis,,,,,"Haase, 2008",This species has only been described from empty shells. 198883,Opacuincola terraelapsus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,terraelapsus,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198885,Opacuincola turriformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Opacuincola,turriformis,,,,,"Haase, 2007","This is a tentative allocation to this genus, and the taxonomy needs to be resolved." 198888,Platypyrgus nelsonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Platypyrgus,nelsonensis,,,,,"(Climo, 1977)", 198889,Potamopyrgus acus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,acus,,,,," Haase, 2008", 198890,Potamopyrgus dawbini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,dawbini,,,,,"Powell, 1955", 198891,Potamopyrgus doci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,doci,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198892,Potamopyrgus estuarinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,estuarinus,,,,,"Winterbourn, 1970","This species could easily be confused with P. antipodarum without dissection." 198893,Potamopyrgus kaitunuparaoa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,kaitunuparaoa,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198894,Potamopyrgus oppidanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,oppidanus,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198896,Potamopyrgus troglodytes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,troglodytes,,,,,"(Climo, 1974)","This species is known from two distinct areas, which may prove to be two separate species. The southern most location is a thermal spring, and the snails are significantly smaller than those in the northern locations. This assessment assumes that the two populations are conspecific." 198898,Rakiurapyrgus micula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Rakiurapyrgus,micula,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198900,Sororipyrgus kutukutu,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sororipyrgus,kutukutu,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198901,Sororipyrgus marshalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sororipyrgus,marshalli,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198902,Sororipyrgus raki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sororipyrgus,raki,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198904,Tongapyrgus kohitatea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Tongapyrgus,kohitatea,,,,,"Haase, 2008", 198905,Tongapyrgus subterraneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Tongapyrgus,subterraneus,,,,,"(Suter, 1905)", 198906,Latia neritoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LATIIDAE,Latia,neritoides,,,,,"Gray, 1850","L. climoi belongs to this species (Marshall, in prep, pers. comm. 2011). However it is possible that L. neritoides is actually a species complex - further genetic analysis would be needed to confirm this." 198975,Coloconger cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,COLOCONGRIDAE,Coloconger,cadenati,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1961", 198980,Ariosoma anago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,anago,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","Literature references of this species are probably confused with A. meeki or A. anagoides. A. anago may be part of a species complex. More research is need to determine its status." 198983,Ophichthus leonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,leonensis,,,,,"Blache, 1975", 198985,Heteroconger hassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,hassi,,,,,"(Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959)", 198986,Xenomystax austrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Xenomystax,austrinus,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1989", 198987,Heteroconger tricia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,tricia,,,,,"Castle & Randall, 1999", 19898,Sanopus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Sanopus,reticulatus,,,,,"Collette, 1983", 198995,Promyllantor atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Promyllantor,atlanticus,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2006", 198996,Aprognathodon platyventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Aprognathodon,platyventris,,,,,"Böhlke, 1967", 198998,Myrichthys pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrichthys,pardalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 199005,Conger macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,macrocephalus,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1958", 199006,Ariosoma opistophthalmum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,opistophthalmum,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1839)", 199007,Bascanichthys paulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,paulensis,,,,,"Storey, 1939", 199008,Ichthyapus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ichthyapus,insularis,,,,,"McCosker, 2004", 199012,Ariosoma obud,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,obud,,,,,"Herre, 1923", 199014,Gorgasia sillneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,sillneri,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1962", 199016,Bathyuroconger parvibranchialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathyuroconger,parvibranchialis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","There may be two species that fall under this name, based on vertebral count, size, and depth distribution (Smith pers. comm. 2012)." 199019,Conger esculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,esculentus,,,,,"Poey, 1861", 199020,Ariosoma sereti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,sereti,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199022,Gorgasia inferomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,inferomaculata,,,,,"(Blache, 1977)", 199024,Promyllantor purpureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Promyllantor,purpureus,,,,,"Alcock, 1890", 199028,Bathymyrus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathymyrus,smithi,,,,,"Castle, 1968", 199029,Myrichthys breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrichthys,breviceps,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 199030,Uroconger erythraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Uroconger,erythraeus,,,,,"Castle, 1982", 199031,Ariosoma bauchotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,bauchotae,,,,,"Karrer, 1982", 199033,Rhynchoconger trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Rhynchoconger,trewavasae,,,,,"Ben-Tuvia, 1993", 199034,Conger myriaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,myriaster,,,,,"(Brevoort, 1856)", 199035,Congriscus megastomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Congriscus,megastomus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 199036,Brachysomophis atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Brachysomophis,atlanticus,,,,,"Blache & Saldanha, 1972", 199038,Hemerorhinus opici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Hemerorhinus,opici,,,,,"Blache & Bauchot, 1972", 199039,Gnathophis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,capensis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)","This species faces taxonomic uncertainty. The name is based on a leptocephalus, the holotype of which is in poor condition and the myomere count (species indicator) is unknown. There are several Gnathophis species in the area, and it is impossible to know which adult matches the holotype due to the poor condition of the type specimen (D.G. Smith pers. comm. 2012)." 199040,Rhynchoconger gracilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Rhynchoconger,gracilior,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1951)", 199042,Ariosoma multivertebratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,multivertebratum,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199043,Gnathophis macroporis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,macroporis,,,,,"Karmovskaya & Paxton, 2000", 199046,Promyllantor adenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Promyllantor,adenensis,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1991)", 199050,Gorgasia thamani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,thamani,,,,,"Greenfield & Niesz, 2004", 199052,Bathycongrus varidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,varidens,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 199054,Gnathophis leptosomatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,leptosomatus,,,,,"Karrer, 1982", 199055,Japonoconger africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Japonoconger,africanus,,,,,"(Poll, 1953)", 199058,Acromycter nezumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Acromycter,nezumi,,,,,"(Asano, 1958)", 199059,Nettenchelys pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Nettenchelys,pygmaea,,,,,"Smith & Böhlke, 1981", 199060,Heteroconger enigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,enigmaticus,,,,,"Castle & Randall, 1999", 199062,Heteroconger tomberua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,tomberua,,,,,"Castle & Randall, 1999", 199063,Macrocephenchelys brachialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Macrocephenchelys,brachialis,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 199068,Ilyophis brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Ilyophis,brunneus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1891", 199070,Xyrias guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Xyrias,guineensis,,,,,"(Blache, 1975)", 199071,Yirrkala tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Yirrkala,tenuis,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 199073,Ariosoma ophidiophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,ophidiophthalmus,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 1991", 199074,Diploconger polystigmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Diploconger,polystigmatus,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1968", 199075,Heteroconger cobra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,cobra,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1981", 199078,Heteroconger longissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,longissimus,,,,,"Günther, 1870",The eastern and western Atlantic subpopulations may represent two separate species (D. Smith pers. comm. 2012). 199086,Pseudomyrophis frio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pseudomyrophis,frio,,,,,"(Jordan & Davis, 1891)", 199087,Congrosoma evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Congrosoma,evermanni,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 199088,Haptenchelys texis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Haptenchelys,texis,,,,,"Robins & Martin, 1976", 199090,Gorgasia hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Randall & Chess, 1980", 199091,Heteroconger perissodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,perissodon,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1981", 199094,Ariosoma major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,major,,,,,"(Asano, 1958)", 199095,Ariosoma anagoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,anagoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","Literature references of this species are probably confused with A. meeki or A. anago. A. anagoides may be part of a species complex. More research is needed to determine its status." 199096,Gorgasia naeocepaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,naeocepaea,,,,,"(Böhlke, 1951)", 199097,Ariosoma meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,meeki,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1900)", 199099,Bathymyrus echinorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathymyrus,echinorhynchus,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 199106,Myrophis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrophis,punctatus,,,,,"Lütken, 1852", 199107,Conger oligoporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,oligoporus,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1958", 199113,Gorgasia klausewitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,klausewitzi,,,,,"Quéro & Saldanha, 1995", 199114,Echiophis intertinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Echiophis,intertinctus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 199115,Callechelys guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,guineensis,,,,,"(Osório, 1893)",This species was formerly referred to as Callechelys perryae. 199116,Macrocephenchelys brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Macrocephenchelys,brevirostris,,,,,"(Chen & Weng, 1967)", 199117,Gnathophis asanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,asanoi,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199122,Parabathymyrus fijiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Parabathymyrus,fijiensis,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199125,Dalophis obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Dalophis,obtusirostris,,,,,"Blache & Bauchot, 1972", 199126,Ariosoma nigrimanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,nigrimanum,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 199130,Heteroconger chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,chapmani,,,,,"(Herre, 1923)", 199133,Ariosoma marginatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,marginatum,,,,,"(Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875)", 199135,Herpetoichthys regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Herpetoichthys,regius,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 199136,Gnathophis habenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,habenatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 199139,Pseudomyrophis atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pseudomyrophis,atlanticus,,,,,"Blache, 1975", 199140,Bathycongrus wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,wallacei,,,,,"(Castle, 1968)", 199141,Gnathophis xenica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,xenica,,,,,"(Matsubara & Ochiai, 1951)", 199143,Lumiconger arafura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Lumiconger,arafura,,,,,"Castle & Paxton, 1984", 199146,Pisodonophis semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pisodonophis,semicinctus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)",This species will be referred to a new unique genus (McCosker in press). 199147,Blachea xenobranchialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Blachea,xenobranchialis,,,,,"Karrer & Smith, 1980", 199148,Gnathophis musteliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,musteliceps,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)",The current taxonomic nomenclature of this species is uncertain and it may need to be moved to a new genus (Smith pers. comm. 2012). 199156,Phaenomonas longissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Phaenomonas,longissima,,,,,"(Cadenat & Marchal, 1963)", 199157,Gordiichthys leibyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Gordiichthys,leibyi,,,,,"McCosker & Böhlke, 1984", 199160,Gnathophis castlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,castlei,,,,,"Karmovskaya & Paxton, 2000", 199161,Pseudophichthys splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Pseudophichthys,splendens,,,,,"(Lea, 1913)", 199164,Acromycter longipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Acromycter,longipectoralis,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199166,Chiloconger philippinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Chiloconger,philippinensis,,,,,"Smith & Karmovskaya, 2003", 199169,Hoplunnis punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Hoplunnis,punctata,,,,,"Regan, 1915", 199170,Gnathophis heterolinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,heterolinea,,,,,"(Kotthaus, 1968)", 199172,Gnathophis umbrellabius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,umbrellabius,,,,,"(Whitley, 1948)", 199174,Kenyaconger heemstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Kenyaconger,heemstrai,,,,,"Smith & Karmovskaya, 2003", 199175,Gnathophis neocaledoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,neocaledoniensis,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199177,Heteroconger obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,obscurus,,,,,"(Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959)", 199180,Paraconger notialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Paraconger,notialis,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1961", 199186,Gnathophis nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,nasutus,,,,,"Karmovskaya & Paxton, 2000", 199187,Stemonidium hypomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SERRIVOMERIDAE,Stemonidium,hypomelas,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 199188,Gnathophis microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,microps,,,,,"Karmovskaya & Paxton, 2000", 199189,Dalophis multidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Dalophis,multidentatus,,,,,"Blache & Bauchot, 1972", 199191,Bathycongrus aequoreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,aequoreus,,,,,"(Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)", 199198,Heteroconger luteolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,luteolus,,,,,"Smith, 1989", 199200,Conger cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,cinereus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1830", 199202,Parabathymyrus brachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Parabathymyrus,brachyrhynchus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 199205,Paraconger caudilimbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Paraconger,caudilimbatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1867)", 199207,Gorgasia taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,taiwanensis,,,,,"Shao, 1990", 199208,Bathycongrus bullisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,bullisi,,,,,"(Smith & Kanazawa, 1977)", 199213,Bathymyrus simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathymyrus,simus,,,,,"Smith, 1965", 199217,Ophichthus cylindroideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,cylindroideus,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1839)", 199218,Castleichthys auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Castleichthys,auritus,,,,,"Smith, 2004", 199220,Ariosoma mauritianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,mauritianum,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1914)", 199221,Aplatophis chauliodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Aplatophis,chauliodus,,,,,"Böhlke, 1956", 199223,Rhynchoconger flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Rhynchoconger,flavus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 199224,Japonoconger caribbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Japonoconger,caribbeus,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1977", 199227,Parabathymyrus karrerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Parabathymyrus,karrerae,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 1991", 199230,Bathycongrus nasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,nasicus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 199231,Mystriophis crosnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Mystriophis,crosnieri,,,,,"Blache, 1971", 199232,Ophichthus puncticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,puncticeps,,,,,"(Kaup, 1860)", 199234,Bathycongrus guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,guttulatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 199235,Bathycongrus trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,trimaculatus,,,,,"Karmovskaya & Smith, 2008", 199239,Parabathymyrus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Parabathymyrus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Kamohara, 1938", 199240,Apterichtus monodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Apterichtus,monodi,,,,,"(Roux, 1966)", 199241,Apterichtus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Apterichtus,gracilis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 199243,Conger philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,philippinus,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1958","This may be a junior synonym of Conger macrocephalus, based on juveniles (D.G. Smith pers comm 2012)." 199244,Bathycongrus odontostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,odontostomus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 199247,Scalanago lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Scalanago,lateralis,,,,,"Whitley, 1935", 199249,Histiobranchus bathybius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Histiobranchus,bathybius,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 199256,Gordiichthys randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Gordiichthys,randalli,,,,,"McCosker & Böhlke, 1984", 199259,Gordiichthys ergodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Gordiichthys,ergodes,,,,,"McCosker, Böhlke & Böhlke, 1989", 199264,Uroconger lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Uroconger,lepturus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)",Genetic work shows that there may be more than one species involved in this case (Smith pers. comm. 2012). 199266,Congrhynchus talabonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Congrhynchus,talabonoides,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 199267,Gordiichthys irretitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Gordiichthys,irretitus,,,,,"Jordan & Davis, 1891", 199268,Bathycongrus bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,bleekeri,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 199269,Blachea longicaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Blachea,longicaudalis,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199270,Gnathophis bracheatopos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,bracheatopos,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1977", 199272,Echiophis punctifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Echiophis,punctifer,,,,,"(Kaup, 1860)", 199278,Dysomma anguillare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Dysomma,anguillare,,,,,"Barnard, 1923", 199279,Ariosoma mellissii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,mellissii,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 199281,Rhynchoconger ectenurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Rhynchoconger,ectenurus,,,,,"(Jordan & Richardson, 1909)", 199282,Ariosoma megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,megalops,,,,,"Fowler, 1938","Some regional population distinctions are evident, warranting further study." 199283,Conger wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,wilsoni,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 199285,Parabathymyrus oregoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Parabathymyrus,oregoni,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1977", 199287,Apterichtus ansp,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Apterichtus,ansp,,,,,"(Böhlke, 1968)", 199291,Xenomystax bidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Xenomystax,bidentatus,,,,,"(Reid, 1940)", 199294,Congriscus maldivensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Congriscus,maldivensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1939)", 199295,Gorgasia japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,japonica,,,,,"Abe, Miki & Asai, 1977", 199296,Bathycongrus macrocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,macrocercus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 199298,Ariosoma kapala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,kapala,,,,,"(Castle, 1990)",This species was recently assigned to the genus Ariosoma having previously been in Poeciloconger (Smith et al. 2018). 199302,Bascanichthys scuticaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,scuticaris,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1880)", 199306,Bathycongrus thysanochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,thysanochilus,,,,,"(Reid, 1934)", 199311,Ahlia egmontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ahlia,egmontis,,,,,"(Jordan, 1884)", 199312,Conger triporiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,triporiceps,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1958", 199314,Echelus pachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Echelus,pachyrhynchus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 199318,Bathycongrus trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,trilineatus,,,,,"(Castle, 1964)", 199319,Gnathophis longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,longicauda,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888)", 199322,Mystriophis rostellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Mystriophis,rostellatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 199323,Nemichthys curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NEMICHTHYIDAE,Nemichthys,curvirostris,,,,,"(Strömman, 1896)", 199324,Callechelys leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,leucoptera,,,,,"(Cadenat, 1954)", 199326,Conger erebennus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,erebennus,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)","There is confusion with the taxonomy of this species. Kanazawa (1958) recognized this species as distinct, while Asano (1962) considered this species as a synonym of Conger japonicus (Smith pers. comm. 2012)." 199328,Pseudomyrophis nimius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pseudomyrophis,nimius,,,,,"Böhlke, 1960", 199333,Ariosoma shiroanago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,shiroanago,,,,,"(Asano, 1958)", 199335,Gnathophis andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,andriashevi,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 1990", 199336,Heteroconger polyzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,polyzona,,,,,"Bleeker, 1868", 199337,Bascanichthys ceciliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,ceciliae,,,,,"Blache & Cadenat, 1971", 199338,Gnathophis bathytopos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,bathytopos,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1977", 199342,Ophichthus rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,rex,,,,,"Böhlke & Caruso, 1980", 199344,Muraenesox cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENESOCIDAE,Muraenesox,cinereus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 199346,Japonoconger sivicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Japonoconger,sivicolus,,,,,"(Matsubara & Ochiai, 1951)", 199347,Caralophia loxochila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Caralophia,loxochila,,,,,"Böhlke, 1955", 199348,Congriscus marquesaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Congriscus,marquesaensis,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199350,Gnathophis melanocoelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,melanocoelus,,,,,"Karmovskaya & Paxton, 2000", 199352,Heteroconger lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,lentiginosus,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1981", 199355,Myrophis platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrophis,platyrhynchus,,,,,"Breder, 1927", 199356,Ariosoma howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,howensis,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1916)","This species may be part of a species complex. More research is needed to determine its status." 199359,Rhynchoconger squaliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Rhynchoconger,squaliceps,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 199361,Bascanichthys bascanium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,bascanium,,,,,"(Jordan, 1884)", 199364,Hoplunnis diomediana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Hoplunnis,diomediana,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 199368,Ariosoma sazonovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,sazonovi,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2004", 199370,Heteroconger camelopardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,camelopardalis,,,,,"(Lubbock, 1980)", 199371,Acromycter alcocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Acromycter,alcocki,,,,,"(Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)", 199373,Venefica proboscidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Venefica,proboscidea,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 199374,Bathycongrus macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,macrurus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1891)", 199376,Bascanichthys inopinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,inopinatus,,,,,"McCosker, Böhlke & Böhlke, 1989", 199378,Ariosoma coquettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,coquettei,,,,,"Smith & Kanazawa, 1977", 199381,Gnathophis heterognathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,heterognathos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858-59)", 199386,Gnathophis parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,parini,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 1990", 199388,Paraconger ophichthys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Paraconger,ophichthys,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 199389,Bassanago hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bassanago,hirsutus,,,,,"(Castle, 1960)", 199390,Callechelys muraena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,muraena,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1887", 199391,Conger oceanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,oceanicus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)", 199393,Gorgasia barnesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,barnesi,,,,,"Robison & Lancraft, 1984", 199394,Gnathophis smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,smithi,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 1990", 199397,Gnathophis grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,grahami,,,,,"Karmovskaya & Paxton, 2000", 199398,Quassiremus ascensionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Quassiremus,ascensionis,,,,,"(Studer, 1889)", 199400,Ariosoma scheelei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,scheelei,,,,,"(Strömman, 1896)", 199401,Nessorhamphus ingolfianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,DERICHTHYIDAE,Nessorhamphus,ingolfianus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1912)", 199406,Gorgasia cotroneii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,cotroneii,,,,,"(D'Ancona, 1928)","This species is known only from larval specimens collected in the Red Sea in 1923 (D'Ancona 1928). The myomere count is suggestive of Gorgasia preclara (Castle and Randall 1999), but there are insufficient specimens to allow for a detailed comparison (Castle 1997)." 199407,Ariosoma sokotranum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,sokotranum,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 1991", 199408,Xenomystax atrarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Xenomystax,atrarius,,,,,"Gilbert, 1891", 199409,Bathycongrus polyporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,polyporus,,,,,"(Smith & Kanazawa, 1977)", 199411,Gorgasia preclara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,preclara,,,,,"Böhlke & Randall, 1981", 199412,Leptocephalus congroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Leptocephalus,congroides,,,,,"D'Ancona, 1928",This species may be more appropriately placed in the genus Heteroconger (Castle 1997). 199414,Bathycongrus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,dubius,,,,,"(Breder, 1927)", 199416,Heteroconger balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,balteatus,,,,,"Castle & Randall, 1999", 199418,Gorgasia galzini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,galzini,,,,,"Castle & Randall, 1999", 199419,Bassanago bulbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bassanago,bulbiceps,,,,,"Whitley, 1948", 199489,Balta crassivenosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Balta,crassivenosa,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199490,Delosia ornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Delosia,ornata,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924", 199491,Desmosia alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Desmosia,alluaudi,,,,,"Bolivar, 1895", 199492,Distichopis stylopyga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Distichopis,stylopyga,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924", 199493,Hololeptoblatta minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Hololeptoblatta,minor,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924", 199494,Hololeptoblatta pandanicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Hololeptoblatta,pandanicola,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924", 199495,Margatteoidea amoena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Margatteoidea,amoena,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199496,Miriamrothschildia aldabrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Miriamrothschildia,aldabrensis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199497,Miriamrothschildia biplagiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Miriamrothschildia,biplagiata,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199498,Miriamrothschildia gardineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Miriamrothschildia,gardineri,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199500,Seychellesia patellifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Seychellesia,patellifera,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199501,Zarceomorpha abdita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Zarceomorpha,abdita,,,,,"Gorokhov, 1994", 199502,Polyspilota seychelliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Polyspilota,seychelliana,,,,,"(Giglio-Tos, 1913)", 199503,Theganopteryx scotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Theganopteryx,scotti,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924",This probably is not a Theganopteryx species; its generic placement is uncertain. 199504,Carausius sechellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,LONCHODIDAE,Carausius,sechellensis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1895)", 199506,Phalangacris phaloricephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Phalangacris,phaloricephala,,,,,"Gorochov, 2006",Generic placement of this species is uncertain. 199507,Sliferia lineaticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Sliferia,lineaticollis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199508,Nocticola gerlachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,NOCTICOLIDAE,Nocticola,gerlachi,,,,,"Roth, 2003", 199509,Miriamrothschildia zonatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Miriamrothschildia,zonatus,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199510,Ectatoderus aldabrae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Ectatoderus,aldabrae,,,,,"Gorochov, 1994", 199511,Phyllium bioculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHYLLIIDAE,Phyllium,bioculatum,,,,,"Gray, 1832","The name Phyllium bioculatum has been applied to leaf insects from the Indian Ocean and Asia. The Seychelles population is not conspecific with the Asian, P. bioculatum probably corresponds to the Seychelles species and not to the Asian species." 199512,Phaeogryllus fuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Phaeogryllus,fuscus,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199513,Myrmecophilus mayaealberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,mayaealberti,,,,,"Hugel & Matyot, 2006", 199514,Myrmecophilus seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,seychellensis,,,,,"Gorochov, 1994", 199515,Neotermes laticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ISOPTERA,KALOTERMITIDAE,Neotermes,laticollis,,,,,"(Holmgren, 1909)", 199516,Pelerinus rostratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pelerinus,rostratus,,,,,"(Brunner, 1878)", 199517,Sliferia acuticerca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Sliferia,acuticerca,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199518,Miriamrothschildia labrynthica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Miriamrothschildia,labrynthica,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199519,Amphinotus pupulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Amphinotus,pupulus,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199520,Procryptotermes fryeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ISOPTERA,KALOTERMITIDAE,Procryptotermes,fryeri,,,,,"(Holmgren, 1909)", 199521,Ornebius stenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Ornebius,stenus,,,,,"Gorochov, 1994", 199522,Ectatoderus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Ectatoderus,nigriceps,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199523,Spirolabia browni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DERMAPTERA,LABIIDAE,Spirolabia,browni,,,,,"(Hincks, 1954)", 199524,Amphinotus nymphula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Amphinotus,nymphula,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199525,Nasutitermes maheensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ISOPTERA,TERMITIDAE,Nasutitermes,maheensis,,,,,"(Holmgren, 1914)","This species is very similar to, and possibly conspecific with, the Madagascan species Nasutitermes nigritus (Wasmann, 1897)." 199526,Antisolabis seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DERMAPTERA,CARCINIPHORIDAE,Antisolabis,seychellensis,,,,,"(Brindle, 1976)", 199527,Sliferia depressiceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Sliferia,depressiceps,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199528,Theganopteryx liturata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Theganopteryx,liturata,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924",This probably is not a Theganopteryx species; its generic placement is uncertain. 199529,Phaloria insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Phaloria,insularis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199530,Theganopteryx minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Theganopteryx,minuta,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924",This probably is not a Theganopteryx species; its generic placement is uncertain. 199531,Seychellesia nitidula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Seychellesia,nitidula,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199532,Theganopteryx lunulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Theganopteryx,lunulata,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924",This probably is not a Theganopteryx species; its generic placement is uncertain. 199533,Subtiloria succineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Subtiloria,succineus,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199534,Graffaea seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PLATYCRANIDAE,Graffaea,seychellensis,,,,,"Bolivar & Ferriere, 1912", 199535,Chaetolabia fryeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DERMAPTERA,LABIIDAE,Chaetolabia,fryeri,,,,,"(Burr, 1910)", 199536,Chaetospania gardineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DERMAPTERA,LABIIDAE,Chaetospania,gardineri,,,,,"(Burr, 1910)", 199537,Carausius alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,LONCHODIDAE,Carausius,alluaudi,,,,,"Bolivar, 1895", 199538,Holocompsa pusilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,POLYPHAGIDAE,Holocompsa,pusilla,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924", 199539,Ectatoderus squamiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Ectatoderus,squamiger,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199540,Metioche bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Metioche,bolivari,,,,,"Chopard, 1968", 199541,Seselphisis visenda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Seselphisis,visenda,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199542,Procytettix fusiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Procytettix,fusiformis,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199543,Procytettix thalassanax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Procytettix,thalassanax,,,,,"Gunther, 1939", 199544,Sliferia similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Sliferia,similis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199545,Zarceus major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Zarceus,major,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912",This species is similar to Zarceus fallaciosus and the taxonomy of the two species needs re-examination. 199546,Pternoscirtus aldabrae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pternoscirtus,aldabrae,,,,,"(Saussure, 1899)", 199547,Parasigmoidella reticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Parasigmoidella,reticulata,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1924)", 199548,Enoplotettix gardineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Enoplotettix,gardineri,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199549,Gryllapterus tomentosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Gryllapterus,tomentosus,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199550,Theganopteryx grisea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Theganopteryx,grisea,,,,,"Bolivar, 1924",This probably is not a Theganopteryx species; its generic placement is uncertain. 199551,Anisolabis scotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DERMAPTERA,CARCINIPHORIDAE,Anisolabis,scotti,,,,,"(Burr, 1910)", 199552,Coptottigia cristata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Coptottigia,cristata,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199553,Euschmidtia cruciformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,cruciformis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1895)", 199554,Orthoxiphus nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Orthoxiphus,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199555,Glyptotermes scotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ISOPTERA,KALOTERMITIDAE,Glyptotermes,scotti,,,,,"(Holmgren, 1909)", 199556,Scottiola salticiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Scottiola,salticiformis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)",An undescribed species of Scottiola is also present in Seychelles (Mahé and Silhouette islands); its range is included within that of S. salticiformis and it has the same status. 199557,Ornebius syrticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Ornebius,syrticus,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199558,Niphetogryllacris fryeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Niphetogryllacris,fryeri,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199559,Miriamrothschildia mahensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTELLIDAE,Miriamrothschildia,mahensis,,,,,"Roth & Rivault, 2002", 199561,Zarceus fallaciosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Zarceus,fallaciosus,,,,,"Bolivar, 1895", 199562,Arachnocephalus subsulcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Arachnocephalus,subsulcatus,,,,,"Saussure, 1899", 199563,Metioche perpusilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Metioche,perpusilla,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1912)", 199564,Carausius gardineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,LONCHODIDAE,Carausius,gardineri,,,,,"Bolivar & Ferriere, 1912", 199565,Seychellesia longicercata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Seychellesia,longicercata,,,,,"Bolivar, 1912", 199566,Polionemobius modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Polionemobius,modestus,,,,,"Gorochov, 1994", 199567,Carausius scotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,LONCHODIDAE,Carausius,scotti,,,,,"Bolivar & Ferriere, 1912", 199569,Myriopholis burii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,burii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 199570,Platyceps variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,variabilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","The record of this species from Oman should be considered tentative, as no genetic data are available and the most important morphological diagnostic feature was not recorded (S. Carranza pers. comm. 2021)." 199571,Coluber thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,thomasi,,,,,"Parker, 1931", 199573,Lytorhynchus gasperetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lytorhynchus,gasperetti,,,,,"Leviton, 1977", 199575,Meizodon semiornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Meizodon,semiornatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Two subspecies are recognized: Meizodon semiornatus semiornatus and M. s. tchadensis, the latter from Sudan and Chad (Branch 1998)." 199576,Philothamnus semivariegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,semivariegatus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1840)","A recent phylogenetic study found that Philothamnus semivariegatus is paraphyletic, containing four distinct clades which are thought to represent up to four cryptic species (Engelbrecht 2017). The four clades are delineated along broad geographic lines: Central Africa, southeastern Africa, northeastern South Africa, and central-northern South Africa. The study did not include material from West Africa, so more comprehensive sampling could reveal additional candidate taxa. Engelbrecht et al. (2019) provided additional support for the four-clade arrangement, but without access to material from the type locality were unable to determine to which clade the name P. semivariegatus refers. On this basis they refrained from taking action pending a full revision of this species complex." 199578,Brachyophis revoili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Brachyophis,revoili,,,,,"Mocquard, 1888","The three recognized subspecies are treated as distinct species by Wallach et al. (2014), but there has been no formal taxonomic revision and Portillo et al. (2018) note that samples of this genus are needed to clarify its relationships." 199579,Atractaspis microlepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,microlepidota,,,,,"Günther, 1866","This species was formerly considered to be wide-ranging through West, Central and East Africa. Trape et al. (2006) redescribed this species, finding it to be morphologically distinct from A. micropholis and A. watsoni, the latter considered since Laurent (1950) to be a synonym of A. micropholis (which the same author considered a subspecies of A. microlepidota). Trape and Mané (2000) subsequently identified A. microlepidota and A. micropholis as distinct forms, noting that the two occur in sympatry in West Africa, but did not formally redescribe either species. A. microlepidota has an indeterminate type locality ""Probably in West Africa""; the holotype closely resembles recent material from Senegal (Trape et al. 2006). The revision by Trape et al. (2006) confined this species to ""Senegambie"" and Mauritania, although no specimens are yet known from the Gambia. The other two taxa are more wide-ranging, with A. watsoni reaching Central Africa (Trape et al. 2006).

Unfortunately, in their revision Trape et al. (2006) did not consider records east of Sudan, although the traditional concept of A. microlepidota ranges into East Africa as far as Eritrea and southeastern Kenya, and into the Arabian Peninsula. David and Vogel (2010) note that, by implication, the Arabian subspecies A. m. andersonii was elevated to full species status by this treatment. These authors support this assignment by comparing this form with the taxa described by Trape et al. (2006); although they do not detail the results of this comparison, they indicate that A. andersonii is distinct from all three West African species. East African records of ""A. microlepidota"" remain of uncertain taxonomic status, although Trape et al. (2006) report that they are not conspecific with the holotype of A. microlepidota. These records are provisionally considered to represent A. watsoni (P. David pers. comm. June 2012) until the taxonomy of East African populations is resolved." 199580,Echis omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,omanensis,,,,,"Babocsay, 2004", 199581,Asaccus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,montanus,,,,,"Gardner, 1994", 199582,Asaccus gallagheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,gallagheri,,,,,"(Arnold, 1972)","Populations from the Eastern Hajar Mountains in Oman are now referred to A. arnoldi (Simó-Riudalbas et al. 2018)." 199584,Hemidactylus homoeolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,homoeolepis,,,,,"Blanford, 1881","According to Arnold (1980), the “differences between some of the known populations […] as belonging to H. homoeolepis are greater than those between some recognised species of Hemidactylus”; therefore the taxonomic status of populations assigned to H. homoeolepis needs to be revised also on the basis of molecular studies." 199585,Hemidactylus lemurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,lemurinus,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 199586,Pristurus carteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,carteri,,,,,"(Gray, 1863)", 199587,Pristurus collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,collaris,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 199588,Pristurus mazbah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,mazbah,,,,,"Al Safadi, 1989",It has been proposed that this poorly-known species is conspecific with Pristurus saada. 199589,Pristurus crucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,crucifer,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1861)", 199591,Pristurus celerrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,celerrimus,,,,,"Arnold, 1977", 199596,Stenodactylus leptocosymbotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,leptocosymbotes,,,,,"Leviton & Anderson, 1967", 199598,Acanthocercus adramitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,adramitanus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1896)", 199599,Acanthocercus yemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,yemensis,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1954)", 199600,Uromastyx thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,thomasi,,,,,"Parker, 1930", 199601,Uromastyx benti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,benti,,,,,"(Anderson, 1894)","This species has commonly been considered a subspecies of Uromastyx ocellatus, however Wilms et al. (2007) found that it represents a valid species within the U. yemenensis clade." 199603,Chamaeleo arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,arabicus,,,,,"(Matschie, 1893)", 199604,Chalcides levitoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,levitoni,,,,,"Pasteur, 1978", 199606,Trachylepis brevicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,brevicollis,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1837)","Some or all Tanzanian subpopulations presently referred to the similar Trachylepis brevicollis may instead represent T. dichroma (Günther et al. 2005), and this is also suggested by the proximity of two localities to Klein's Camp, where T. dichroma is known to occur (Branch et al. 2007). Research is needed to confirm this. Trachylepis brevicollis has numerous synonyms, and while it appears to be monotypic in much of its range, a formal revision is required to clarify the status of East African taxa currently included within T. brevicollis (Branch et al. 2007)." 199607,Acanthodactylus tilburyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,tilburyi,,,,,"Arnold, 1986", 199608,Acanthodactylus masirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,masirae,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 199609,Acanthodactylus gongrorhynchatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,gongrorhynchatus,,,,,"Leviton & Anderson, 1967", 199610,Acanthodactylus felicis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,felicis,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 199611,Mesalina adramitana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,adramitana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)","A recent study (Sindaco et al. 2018) has shown that some populations from southern Arabia previously classified as Mesalina adramitana represent a distinct species (M. austroarabica) belonging to the M. guttulata species complex. Another still unpublished study (S. Carranza pers. comm. 2018) indicates that genetic variability within M. adramitana is very high and includes two clades (northern and southern) that split approximately 5.5 million years ago around the general area of Bar Al Hikman, Oman. The UAE populations belong to the northern clade." 199612,Mesalina ayunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,ayunensis,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 199613,Philochortus neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Philochortus,neumanni,,,,,"Matschie, 1893", 199615,Omanosaura jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Omanosaura,jayakari,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 199616,Omanosaura cyanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Omanosaura,cyanura,,,,,"(Arnold, 1972)",Mendes et al. (2018) undertook a genetic study across the Hajar Mountains and found this species to comprise of two very distinct genetic lineages that may correspond to two independent species. 199618,Coneuplecta turrita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Coneuplecta,turrita,,,,,"(C. Semper, 1873)","

Semper (1873) described Vitrinoconus turritus from the Philippines. Baker (1941) subsequently described ""Coneuplecta (s.s.) turrita palauensis from Palau (Belau) (C. Christensen, personal communication). Baker moved Semper's turritus to Coneuplecta, which was presumed to be conspecific with Semper's taxon (an idea that itself may be doubtful) but subspecifically distinct from it. Thus ""Coneuplecta turrita (Semper, 1873)"" is a polytypic species with two included subspecies:  Coneuplecta turrita turrita (Semper, 1873) from the Philippines and Coneuplecta turrita palauensis Baker, 1941, from Belau (C. Christensen, pers. comm.).

Based on current knowledge of Pacific island land snail biogeography, it is doubtful whether the poorly known “subspecies” turrita from the Philippines is conspecific with the “subspecies” palauensis from Palau. The conservation status of the Philippines “subspecies,” if still extant, is currently unknown. Therefore the assessment for Coneuplecta turrita is essentially identical to the assessment for Coneuplecta turrita palauensis, until: 1) additional data can be gathered for Coneuplecta turrita turrita, and/or 2) it is resolved whether these two “subspecies” actually represent two distinct species. Until further land snail fieldwork in the Philippines is undertaken and museum research on the type specimens of these snails is accomplished, these taxonomic and conservation questions will remain unresolved. Since the species falls into the category of “CR (Possibly Extinct)” (at least based on Palau data), it may already be too late for taxonomic questions to have much practical relevance for Coneuplecta turrita.

" 199624,Eubleekeria splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Eubleekeria,splendens,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Until 2008, this species was known as Leiognathus splendens." 199626,Hypsilurus schoedei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,schoedei,,,,,"(Vogt, 1932)", 199628,Leiopython albertisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Leiopython,albertisii,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)","The appropriate generic assignment of Leiopython albertisii is in need of clarification (Schleip and O'Shea 2010). Due to close genetic affinities between sampled specimens of Bothrochilus boa and L. albertisii (which was then understood to be monotypic), Rawlings et al. (2008) proposed including this species within Bothrochilus. Subsequently, Schleip (2008) revised Leiopython and formally removed several cryptic forms from synonymy with L. albertsii. According to Schleip and O'Shea (2010), the sample used to justify the assignment of L. albertisii to Bothrochilus belongs instead to L. hoserae (now L. meridionalis, see Schleip 2014) on the basis of its locality data. The relationship between true L. albertisii and Bothrochilus therefore remains unclear, and this account follows Schleip and O'Shea (2010) in retaining Leiopython for this species pending resolution of this issue." 199629,Omphalotropis costulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,costulata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)", 199634,Opisthotropis atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,atra,,,,,"Günther, 1872","This is the type species of the genus Opisthotropis." 199635,Dendrelaphis andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,andamanensis,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)", 199659,Albula koreana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,koreana,,,,,"Kwun & Kim, 2011","The nomenclature of the bonefish family Albulidae is currently in a state of revision. Until recently, bonefish were considered to be comprised of two species, the circumglobal Albula vulpes and the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Albula nemoptera; however, new molecular genetic information indicates that there are at least eight morphologically indistinguishable, but genetically distinct species (Colborn et al. 2001). Wallace and Tringali (2010) have recently found nine distinct species. This species is newly described, based on five specimens collected from Korea and Taiwan. Its new scientific name, Albula koreana, is derived from its type locality, Korea (Kwun and Kim 2011)." 199676,Pseudotrapelus sinaitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudotrapelus,sinaitus,,,,,"(Heyden, 1827)","Prior to 2012 Pseudotrapelus sinaitus was considered a widespread species or species complex found throughout much of northeastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Multiple subsequent papers (summarized in Tamar et al. 2016) described five additional species, most from within populations previously assigned to P. sinaitus and based on individual or a small number of specimens. Tamar et al. (2016) performed the first phylogenetic analysis of the genus, and while they found that genetic variability within the genus was ""not high"" they supported the recognition of six Pseudotrapelus species on both morphological and molecular and better-characterized their distributions.

The resulting concept of P. sinaitus remains taxonomically ""interesting"" and Tamar et al. (2016) recommend that further studies investigating morphological and genetic variation should be undertaken to clarify the systematics of this taxon." 199698,Tarentola chazaliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,chazaliae,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1895)","We follow Carranza et al. (2002) in treating this species as a member of the genus Tarentola, instead of Geckonia where it has traditionally been placed, on the basis of molecular evidence." 199720,Tropidodipsas zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodipsas,zweifeli,,,,,"Liner & Wilson, 1970", 19972,Schismatogobius deraniyagalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,deraniyagalai,,,,,"Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1989",Initially thought to be an endemic to Sri Lanka but was discovered in Western Ghats in 2000 (Shaji et al. 2000) 199734,Mesoscincus managuae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mesoscincus,managuae,,,,,"(Dunn, 1933)", 199756,Dendrelaphis hollinrakei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,hollinrakei,,,,,"Lazell, 2002","The known specimen of this snake was referred to Dendrelaphis pictus by Karsen et al. (1998), although Lazell and Lu (1990) had previously recognized its distinctiveness. It was formally described as a new species by Lazell (2002). It is similar to D. subocularis, and Lazell (2002) hypothesizes that this may be a relict species that diverged from the common ancestor of this species and D. pictus. Wall (1903) reported D. pictus from Hong Kong; as this specimen has now been lost (Lazell and Lu 1990) it is unclear whether this record is referrable to D. hollinrakei." 199757,Dendrelaphis marenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,marenae,,,,,"Vogel & van Rooijen, 2008",This species was described by Vogel and van Rooijen (2008) to encompass Philippine snakes formerly included within the widespread Dendrelaphis pictus. 199764,Trachylepis striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,striata,,,,,"(Peters, 1844)","Broadley (2000) elevated Trachylepis striata punctatissima, T. s. wahlbergii and T. s. sparsa to species status. Some confusion still exists regarding the status of these three taxa, as intergrades have been reported from some parts of their overlapping ranges. Molecular data suggest that the two most widespread members of the T. striata species complex - T. striata and T. wahlbergii - may not be reciprocally monophyletic (Castiglia et al. 2006). The entire complex requires re-examination at the phylogeographic scale (Marques et al. 2018). Older specimen records of the T. striata complex need to be confirmed using the key provided in Broadley (2000)." 199767,Dendrelaphis biloreatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,biloreatus,,,,,"Wall, 1908", 199768,Dendrelaphis walli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,walli,,,,,"Vogel & van Rooijen, 2011",This species was previously included within Dendrelaphis gorei (Vogel and van Rooijen 2011). 199769,Phelsuma gouldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,gouldi,,,,,"Crottini, Gehring, Glaw, Harris, Lima & Vences, 2011","This species belongs to the Phelsuma mutabilis group of dull-coloured day geckos, and closely-resembles P. borai and P. mutabilis (Crottini et al. 2011). Records of P. mutabilis from central Madagascar may instead represent P. gouldi, and further research is needed to clarify this (Crottini et al. 2011)." 199770,Amphiglossus meva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,meva,,,,,"Miralles, Raselimanana, Rakotomalala, Vences & Vieites, 2011","The two specimens recorded from Ambohijanahary differ in patterning from typical Amphiglossus meva described from the rest of the species' range, and were excluded from the type series (Miralles et al. 2011). Data was not available to include these specimens in molecular analysis, and Ambohijanahary is far to the south and west of either of the other known sites. The specific status of the population from Ambohijanahary is therefore in need of confirmation." 199771,Madascincus arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,arenicola,,,,,"Miralles, Köhler, Glaw & Vences, 2011","Molecular and morphological evidence indicates that this newly-discovered phenotype belongs to the ""Madascincus polleni species complex"", rendering M. polleni as defined by Miralles et al. (2011) paraphyletic with regard to this species and Madascincus stumpffi. It is treated here as a distinct species following Miralles et al. (2011), as it is morphologically distinct and strongly genetically divergent from the other three clades identified for this complex." 199772,Madascincus stumpffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,stumpffi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1882)","Glaw and Vences (2007) tentatively synonymized this species with Madascincus polleni, and Miralles et al. (2011) found that M. polleni is paraphyletic with respect to this species and M. arenicola. Based on morphological distinctiveness, however, and the discovery that M. stumpffi forms a (weakly-supported) monophyletic clade distinct from other members of the ""Madascincus polleni species complex"", Miralles et al. (2011) support recognition of M. stumpffi distinct from M. polleni, as proposed by Andreone and Greer (2002).

M. stumpffi exhibits two colour morphs, and further research is needed to clarify whether these represent distinct lineages (Miralles et al. 2011)." 199775,Elaphe anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,anomala,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)","Utiger et al. (2002) found little genetic differentiation between this species and Elaphe schrencki, of which it had previously been considered a subspecies (Zhao and Adler 1993), despite clear morphological differences. Utiger et al. (2002) suggested that the specific status of E. anomala requires verification. An et al. (2010) corroborated these results for Korea, finding that Korean populations - presently assigned to E. schrenckii - did not warrant recognition as separate species." 199776,Plagiopholis unipostocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXENODONTIDAE,Plagiopholis,unipostocularis,,,,,"Jiang & Zhao, 2009", 199777,Rhabdophis adleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,adleri,,,,,"Zhao, 1997",Zhao (1997) described this species based on specimens from Hainan originally attributed to Rhabdophis chrysargos. 199780,Indotyphlops lazelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,lazelli,,,,,"(Wallach & Pauwels, 2004)",The two known specimens of Typhlops lazelli were originally attributed to the widespread Ramphotyphlops albiceps (Wallach and Pauwels 2004). 199841,Acanthodactylus yemenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,yemenicus,,,,,"Salvador, 1982", 199843,Panaspis wahlbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,wahlbergii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","Reports of this species from Saudi Arabia represent confusion with Ablepharus pannonicus (Arnold 1986). This is an exclusively African species, and is absent from the Arabian Peninsula (R. Sindaco pers. comm. 2012). Schmitz et al. (2005) recommended reassigning this species to the resurrected genus Afroablepharus, however, Branch et al. (2005) argue that further genetic work is required to clarify the assignment of southern and eastern African taxa to this genus.

Although Smith (1849) initially used 'walbergii' as the specific epithet, he later corrected this to 'wahlbergii' in an often overlooked errata slip (Ulber 1999). Such an inserted slip, under Article 32.5.1.1 of the ICZN (1999), is clear evidence of an inadvertent error that has been corrected. The absence of the errata slip from some copies of Smith's work has contributed to confusion on this point (e.g. Greenbaum et al. 2007).

Jacobsen (1989) drew attention to the presence of a cryptic species in northern savanna areas of South Africa, which was later described by Jacobsen and Broadley (2000) as Panaspis maculicollis. Older specimen records of P. wahlbergii should therefore be checked using the key in Jacobsen and Broadley (2000), particularly in areas of known sympatry.

According to Medina et al. (2016), 'P. wahlbergii' is a complex of at least nine cryptic species which are awaiting formal descriptions, and Tanzanian populations presently attributed to this species and identified by these authors as ""Panaspis sp. Tanzania 1"" are likely to represent P. megalurus." 199844,Pristurus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,longipes,,,,,"Peters, 1871","The taxonomic status of P. longipes is uncertain (Rösler et al. 2008). Boulenger (1885) synonymized this species within P. crucifer. Bauer et al. (1991) designated a lectotype from Kursi bei Aden (Yemen), but do not redescribe this species." 199845,Pristurus schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,schneideri,,,,,"Rösler, Köhler & Böhme, 2008", 199848,Coluber insulanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,insulanus,,,,,"Mertens, 1965",The taxonomic status of this species remains unclear. 199849,Myriopholis yemenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,yemenicus,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1933)", 199850,Naja arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,arabica,,,,,"Scortecci, 1932", 199851,Pristimantis bambu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bambu,,,,,"Arteaga-Navarro & Guayasamin, 2011", 199853,Osornophryne cofanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,cofanorum,,,,,"Mueses-Cisneros, Yánez-Muñoz & Guayasamin, 2010", 199854,Python kyaiktiyo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,kyaiktiyo,,,,,"Zug, Gotte & Jacobs, 2011","This very recently-described snake is a member of the Python curtus species complex (with P. curtus, P. brongersmai, and P. breitensteini), and was briefly considered to represent a disjunct record of P. brongersmai (Zug et al. 2011)." 199855,Halieutichthys intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutichthys,intermedius,,,,,"Ho, Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2010", 199857,Calamaria lautensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,lautensis,,,,,"De Rooij, 1917", 200631,Pristurus gallagheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,gallagheri,,,,,"Arnold, 1986","This species was originally described as a subspecies of Pristurus gasperetti, the nominate form of which (including populations from Saudi Arabia) is now recognized to be a synonym of P. flavimaculatus (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008)." 200633,Rhabdophis pentasupralabialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,pentasupralabialis,,,,,"Jiang & Zhao, 1983","

Jiang and Zhao (1983) described a subspecies R. nuchalis pentasupralabialis for the specimens from Sichuan and Yunnan, China. Subsequently, based on a morphological comparison, Zhao (1995) give a specific rank for this taxon, as R. pentasupralabialis.

" 200634,Pareas chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,chinensis,,,,,"(Barbour, 1912)","Jiang (2004) indicated that, based on morphological similarities, Pareas chinensis should be treated as a synonym of P. formosensis. This assignment is not supported by recent genetic research, which found that P. formosensis is not closely-related to P. chinensis and is instead sister to P. hamptoni (Guo et al. 2011)." 200645,Telmatobius rubigo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,rubigo,,,,,"Barrionuevo & Baldo, 2009","Telmatobius rubigo was previously referred to as Telmatobius marmoratus (Barrionuevo and Baldo 2009)." 200714,Holothuria inornata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,inornata,,,,,"Semper, 1868","

Deichmann (1958) notes that Holothuria inornata was a synonym of Holothuria keferstenii, but there is no current review on the status of this species. A review is likely necessary.

" 200715,Holothuria fuscogilva,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,fuscogilva,,,,,"Cherbonnier, 1980","

Uthicke et al. (2004) by genetic analysis differentiated Holothuria whitmaei, H. fuscogilva and H. nobilis that were previously confused.

" 200718,Placostylus fulguratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,fulguratus,,,,,"(Jay, 1842)",

200787,Striostrea margaritacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Striostrea,margaritacea,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)", 200797,Ostrea imputata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Ostrea,imputata,,,,,"Anton, 1838","There is significant taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species (Huber and Schniebs 2009). It may be conspecific with O. libella (Huber 2010, 2015), but both are treated here as valid species until further taxonomic work is completed." 200855,Striostrea denticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Striostrea,denticulata,,,,,"(Born, 1778)",This species may be synonymous with Ostrea denticulata (Born 1778).  200866,Alectryonella plicatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Alectryonella,plicatula,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)","This species has been previously placed in several different genera, including Dendostrea, Ostrea, Saccostrea, Saxostrea (e.g., Torigoe 1981, Harry 1985).  Crassostrea plicatula (Gmelin, 1791) is a junior synonym of Alectryonella plicatula.  Historical records in the literature of C. plicatula often refer to A. plicatula.

This species is often referred to as Saccostrea cucullata in China, and is confused with C. gigas." 200901,Gigantidas horikoshii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Gigantidas,horikoshii,,,,,"Hashimoto & Yamane, 2005", 200950,Saccostrea kegaki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Saccostrea,kegaki,,,,,"Torigoe & Inaba, 1981","Though it is genetically similar to Saccostrea cucullata (Lam and Morton 2006), S. kegaki is currently accepted as a valid species. The taxonomy of species in the Saccostrea genus remains unclear due to their highly variable shell forms, and more DNA-based research is needed to resolve confusion (Sekino and Yamashita 2016)." 200957,Ostrea atherstonei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Ostrea,atherstonei,,,,,"Newton, 1913", 200958,Gigantidas taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Gigantidas,taiwanensis,,,,,"(Cosel, 2008)", 200959,Bathymodiolus brevior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,brevior,,,,,"Cosel, Metivier & Hashimoto, 1994", 200966,Ostrea futamiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Ostrea,futamiensis,,,,,"Seki, 1929","This species has also been referred to as Saccostrea futamiensis (e.g., biodiversity database of India). It is easily confused with other small Ostrea species, and some workers consider it to be a junior synonym of O. denselamellosa, but DNA barcoding research confirms its validity as O. futamiensis (Hamaguchi et al. 2017)." 200988,Ostrea libella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Ostrea,libella,,,,,"Weisbord, 1964","This species is possibly conspecific with Ostrea imputata (Huber 2010, 2015), but it treated as a separate, valid species until additional taxonomic work has been completed." 201004,Bathymodiolus elongatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,elongatus,,,,,"Cosel, Metivier & Hashimoto, 1994", 201031,Ostrea conchaphila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Ostrea,conchaphila,,,,,"Carpenter, 1857","Ostrea lurida (the Olympia Oyster) was previously synonymized under O. conchaphila; however, they are both now considered to be separate species with O. lurida in the northern portion and O. conchaphila from Mexico southward (Polson et al. 2009). It is still confused with O. lurida in the literature despite this taxonomic resolution." 201041,Saccostrea spathulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Saccostrea,spathulata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)","This species is valid according to Huber (2010, 2015). The taxonomy of species in the Saccostrea genus remains unclear due to their highly variable shell forms, and more DNA-based research is needed to resolve confusion (Sekino and Yamashita 2016)." 201062,Pustulostrea pseudangulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Pustulostrea,pseudangulata,,,,,"(Lamy, 1930)",

 

201075,Bathymodiolus septemdierum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,septemdierum,,,,,"Hashimoto & Okutani, 1994", 201085,Bathymodiolus marisindicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,marisindicus,,,,,"Hashimoto, 2001", 201096,Vulcanidas insolatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Vulcanidas,insolatus,,,,,"Cosel & Marshall, 2010", 201098,Crassostrea tulipa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Crassostrea,tulipa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)","MolluscaBase (2019) has officially recognised Crassostrea tulipa to be the correct name of the West African Crassostrea populations, described as G. gasar. But molecular studies recently revealed that some tropical West Atlantic oyster populations were identical to this species, which hence occurred on both sides of the Atlantic. Consequently, the name gasar for the East Atlantic populations was replaced by the older name of Lamarck, used for West Atlantic populations, namely tulipa. The taxonomic change is very recent, e.g., Poutiers (2016)  still uses G. gasar as the valid name." 201106,Ostrea algoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Ostrea,algoensis,,,,,"G.B. Sowerby II, 1871", 201108,Saccostrea circumsuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Saccostrea,circumsuta,,,,,"(Gould, 1850)","This species is easily confused with other Saccostrea species that overlap its range (M. Bishop, M. Luckenbach, R. Brumbaugh and J. Ruesink pers. comm. 2011). The taxonomy of species in the Saccostrea genus remains unclear due to their highly variable shell forms, and more DNA-based research is needed to resolve confusion (Sekino and Yamashita 2016).

" 201121,Saccostrea scyphophilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Saccostrea,scyphophilla,,,,,"(Peron & Lesueur, 1807)","This species has also been referred to as Saccostrea mordax in the literature. The taxonomy of species in the Saccostrea genus remains unclear due to their highly variable shell forms, and more DNA-based research is needed to resolve confusion (Sekino and Yamashita 2016)." 20112,Semperdon kororensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Semperdon,kororensis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1889)", 201141,Nicaisolopha tridacnaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Nicaisolopha,tridacnaeformis,,,,,"(Cox, 1927)","This species is the senior synonym of Lopha tridacnaeformis or Ostrea tridacnaeformis (Huber 2010, 2015)." 20114,Semperdon uncatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Semperdon,uncatus,,,,,"Solem, 1982", 201159,Anomiostrea coralliophila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Anomiostrea,coralliophila,,,,,"Habe, 1975", 20115,Semperdon xyleborus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Semperdon,xyleborus,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 201164,Bathymodiolus manusensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,manusensis,,,,,"Hashimoto & Furuta, 2007", 201194,Talonostrea talonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Talonostrea,talonata,,,,,"Li & Qi, 1994", 201244,Saccostrea malabonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Saccostrea,malabonensis,,,,,"(Faustino, 1932)","The taxonomy of species in the Saccostrea genus remains unclear due to their highly variable shell forms, and more DNA-based research is needed to resolve confusion (Sekino and Yamashita 2016)." 201249,Planostrea pestigris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,OSTREIDA,OSTREIDAE,Planostrea,pestigris,,,,,"(Hanley, 1846)","This species was formerly known as Ostrea pestigris. According to Lam and Morton (2009), this species is a synonym of O. palmipes." 201281,Gigantidas gladius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Gigantidas,gladius,,,,,"Cosel & Marshall, 2003", 201314,Stiphodon oatea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,oatea,,,,,"Keith, Feunteun & Vigneux, 2010", 201315,Smilosicyopus pentecost,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Smilosicyopus,pentecost,,,,,"(Keith, Lord & Taillebois, 2010)", 201317,Bleheratherina pierucciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Bleheratherina,pierucciae,,,,,"Aarn & Ivantsoff, 2009",This is a newly described genus (Aarn and Ivantsoff 2009). 201319,Corbicula leviuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,leviuscula,,,,,"Prime, 1867","

There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. A high degree of local variation apparently due to environmental factors has led to a significant degree of over-description of taxa, and a modern revision is required before the conservation status of species can be evaluated.

" 201320,Corbicula lydigiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,lydigiana,,,,,"Prime, 1861","Woodruff et al. (1993) studied specimens of the species from Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand, and found them to be identical with C. fluminea from the Chao Phraya River in Thailand, and made the recommendation that 20 nominal Thai taxa for which they compared genetic data be synonymized with C. fluminea, including this species." 201414,Craugastor galacticorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,galacticorhinus,,,,,"(Canseco-Márquez & Smith, 2004)","In the Eleutherodactylus alfredi species group according to the original description (Canseco-Márquez and Smith 2004). This species has since been transferred over to the genus Craugastor (Frost 2011). The holotype was originally considered to be a specimen of E. spatulatus (Canseco-Márquez and Smith 2004), although it does not seem to have been considered in the latter species' 2004 assessment." 201415,Mecistocephalus megalodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,GEOPHILOMORPHA,MECISTOCEPHALIDAE,Mecistocephalus,megalodon,,,,,"Bonato & Minelli, 2009", 201419,Sechelliosoma forcipatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ZEPHRONIIDAE,Sechelliosoma,forcipatum,,,,,"Brölemann, 1896", 201428,Corbicula bocourti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,bocourti,,,,,"Morelet, 1865","

There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. A high degree of local variation, apparently due to environmental factors, has led to a significant degree of over-description of taxa, and a modern revision is required before the conservation status of the species can be evaluated.

" 201455,Corbicula castanea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,castanea,,,,,"(Morelet, 1865)","There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. A high degree of local variation apparently due to environmental factors has led to a significant degree of over-description of taxa, and a modern revision is required before the conservation status of species can be evaluated." 201456,Corbicula tenuis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,tenuis,,,,,"Clessin, 1887","There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. A high degree of local variation apparently due to environmental factors has led to a significant degree of over-description of taxa, and a modern revision is required before the conservation status of species can be evaluated." 201461,Dicrogonatus niger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,HOLOTHYROIDAE,HOLOTHYRIDAE,Dicrogonatus,niger,,,,,"(Thon, 1906)", 201464,Michaelothyrus seychellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,HOLOTHYROIDAE,HOLOTHYRIDAE,Michaelothyrus,seychellensis,,,,,"(Thon, 1906)", 201466,Sternothyrus braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,HOLOTHYROIDAE,HOLOTHYRIDAE,Sternothyrus,braueri,,,,,"(Thon, 1906)", 201467,Rhinotus albifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYZONIIDA,SIPHONOTIDAE,Rhinotus,albifrons,,,,,"Mauries, 1980", 201468,Rhinotus densepilosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYZONIIDA,SIPHONOTIDAE,Rhinotus,densepilosus,,,,,"Golovatch & Korsos, 1984", 201469,Rhinotus vanmoli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYZONIIDA,SIPHONOTIDAE,Rhinotus,vanmoli,,,,,"Mauries, 1980", 201470,Spirobolellus simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Spirobolellus,simplex,,,,,"Golovatch & Korsos, 1984", 201472,Eucarlia alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Eucarlia,alluaudi,,,,,"(Brolemann, 1896)", 201473,Eucarlia urophora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Eucarlia,urophora,,,,,"(Pocock, 1893)", 201474,Eucarlia mauriesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Eucarlia,mauriesi,,,,,"Golovatch & Korsos, 1984", 201475,Eucarlia hoffmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Eucarlia,hoffmani,,,,,"Golovatch & Korsos, 1984", 201477,Spiromanes sechellarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromanes,sechellarum,,,,,"Saussure & Zehntner, 1902", 201478,Spiromanes braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromanes,braueri,,,,,"(Attems, 1900)", 201481,Sechelleptus seychellarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Sechelleptus,seychellarum,,,,,"(Desjardins, 1834)", 201482,Sechelleptus unilineatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Sechelleptus,unilineatus,,,,,"Golovatch & Korsos, 1984", 201484,Orthomorpha crinita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYDESMIDA,PARADOXOSOMATIDAE,Orthomorpha,crinita,,,,,"Attems, 1900", 201487,Hyperothrix orophura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYDESMIDA,PYRGODESMIDAE,Hyperothrix,orophura,,,,,"Attems, 1900", 201502,Corbicula messageri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,messageri,,,,,"Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1901","There is much confusion about what is a valid species in the genus Corbicula. A high degree of local variation, apparently due to environmental factors, has led to a significant degree of over-description of taxa, and a modern revision is required before the conservation status of the species can be evaluated." 201750,Gehyra insulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,insulensis,,,,,"(Girard, 1857)","Rocha et al. (2009) showed that the Pacific island populations and Indian Ocean populations of Gehyra mutilata represent separate evolutionary lineages. These authors caution that further taxonomic research is needed, including research into the affinities of unstudied Indonesian populations of G. mutilata and related taxa, before formal taxonomic action is taken, however they indicate that if the Pacific form is found to be valid, the name G. insulensis will be applicable. Subsequent research has confirmed the validity of these two lineages, and used the binomial G. insulensis for the Pacific form (Heinicke et al. 2011). The specific status of Indonesian populations east of Wallace's Line has yet to be evaluated, however, molecular evidence suggests a close relationship between a sample from Krakatau, in western Indonesia, and Oceanian G. insulensis (Heinicke et al. 2011), leading these authors to suggest that Krakatau and Oceanian populations are ""probably conspecific"". On this basis, and based on biogeographic patterns seen in other Pacific reptiles, intervening Indonesian populations are provisionally assigned to G. insulensis. Hemidactylus platurus, described from Krakatau in 1859, is tentatively considered a junior synonym of G. insulensis, however, the possibility exists that this unstudied species (known also from mainland Java) is not conspecific with the modern population on Krakatau, which presumably represents a colonization subsequent to the 1883 eruption (Heinicke et al. 2011)." 201752,Lanceolaria grayii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lanceolaria,grayii,,,,,"(Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)","Bogan and Do (2011) discuss the seniority of Lanceolaria grayii (Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1833) and Lanceolaria grayana (Lea, 1834), suggesting that if grayii is treated as a synonym of grayana, then Lanceolaria grayii (Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1833) should take precedence.

The taxonomic status of these two species has been based solely on shell shape and form and nothing on anatomy, glochidia or DNA analyses. However, there is evidence to support treating L. grayii and L. grayana as separate species, with grayii present in northern Viet Nam (and perhaps Jiangxi province, China (A. Bogan pers. comm. 2011), whilst the range of grayana spreads northwards, and this approach has been followed here, with grayana assessed separately." 20192,Sicista severtzovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,severtzovi,,,,,"(Ognev, 1935)","Formerly considered as a subspecies of Sicista subtilis, but now recognized as a separate species primarily on the basis of karyotype (Wilson and Reeder 2005 and references therein)." 201934,Heliogomphus cervus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,cervus,,,,,"Fraser, 1942", 201935,Heliogomphus lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,lieftincki,,,,,"Fraser, 1942", 201938,Acantharchus pomotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Acantharchus,pomotis,,,,,"(Baird, 1855)",This is a monotypic genus. Analysis of variation in meristic and morphometric characters does not support recognition of subspecies in this species (Cashner et al. 1989). 201940,Gila alutaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,alutaceus,,,,,"(Agassiz & Pickering, 1855)",May hybridize with Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Lee et al. 1980). 201942,Amia calva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AMIIFORMES,AMIIDAE,Amia,calva,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766",Sole living representative of the order Amiiformes. 201946,Alosa aestivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,aestivalis,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)",Formerly placed in genus Pomolobus (Lee et al. 1980). 201947,Alosa mediocris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,mediocris,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)",Alosa mediocris was formerly placed in the genus Pomolobus. This species forms a geographically separated species pair with A. chrysochloris (Lee et al. 1980). 201949,Campostoma oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Campostoma,oligolepis,,,,,"Hubbs & Greene, 1935","Regarded as a valid species by most workers since the 1970s (see Lee et al. 1980). Certain populations were included under the name C. anomalum by Lee et al. (1980); Campostoma nomenclature used by Lee et al. (1980) is out of date due to taxonomic reallocations and description of a new species; see instead Burr and Cashner (1983) and Page and Burr (1991). Hybridizes with C. paicuradii in the Chestatee River (Apalachicola drainage), Georgia, and possibly in Tennessee River tributaries in northern Georgia (or perhaps the latter apparent hybrids actually represent a cryptic form of Campostoma ); hybridization occurs in an area disturbed by reservoir construction (Burr and Cashner 1983). See Buth and Burr (1978) for information on isozyme variability in the genus Campostoma ." 201950,Campostoma pauciradii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Campostoma,pauciradii,,,,,"Burr & Cashner, 1983","Included under the name C. anomalum by Lee et al. (1980); Campostoma nomenclature used by Lee et al. (1980) is out of date due to taxonomic reallocations and subsequent description of C. pauciradii; see instead Burr and Cashner (1983) and Page and Burr (1991). Hybridizes with C. oligolepis in the Chestatee River (Apalachicola drainage), Georgia, and possibly in Tennessee River tributaries in northern Georgia (or perhaps the latter apparent hybrids actually represent a cryptic form of Campostoma ); hybridization occurs in an area disturbed by reservoir construction (Burr and Cashner 1983). See Buth and Burr (1978) for information on isozyme variability in the genus Campostoma ." 201951,Campostoma spadiceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Campostoma,spadiceum,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)",Populations representing this species formerly were assigned to Campostoma anomalum pullum. Campostoma spadiceum was recognized as a distinct species and redescribed by Cashner et al. (2010). 201996,Ilisha obfuscata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,obfuscata,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983",This species is known from two specimens but its high gillraker count and very short swimbladder tubes make it very distinct among other species of Ilisha (Whitehead 1985). 201997,Pellona dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pellona,dayi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 202001,Thryssa stenosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,stenosoma,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 202007,Parascolopsis boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Parascolopsis,boesemani,,,,,"(Rao & Rao, 1981)","Parascolopsis baranesi may be conspecific with P. boesemani (B. Russell pers. comm. 2018); however, until more taxonomic research is completed, both species are treated as valid." 202008,Upeneus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,indicus,,,,,"Uiblein & Heemstra, 2010","This species is easily confused with Upeneus supravittatus, but it is confirmed to be morphologically different. Additional specimens are needed for further study (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 202018,Acentrogobius ennorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,ennorensis,,,,,"Menon & Rema Devi, 1980","

This species is likely a synonym of Yongeichthys viganensis (Z. Jaffar unpublished PhD Thesis, 2008), however, this is not yet formally recognised. 

" 202019,Acentrogobius griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,griseus,,,,,"(Day, 1876)",The placement of this species in the genus Acentrogobius requires confirmation (H.K. Larson pers. comm. 2019). 202022,Callogobius seshaiyai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,seshaiyai,,,,,"Jacob & Rangarajan, 1960", 202024,Awaous fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Rao, 1971)",It is not clear if this is a valid species (H. Larson pers. comm. 2018). 202026,Egglestonichthys melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Egglestonichthys,melanoptera,,,,,"(Visweswara Rao, 1971)", 202027,Gobiopsis woodsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopsis,woodsi,,,,,"Lachner & McKinney, 1978", 202028,Oligolepis dasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oligolepis,dasi,,,,,"(Talwar, Chatterjee & Dev Roy, 1982)",The genus Oligolepis is under revision. This species is likely to belong to the genus Amoya (Pezold and Larson 2015). 202030,Oxyurichthys paulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,paulae,,,,,"Pezold, 1998", 202031,Parapocryptes rictuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parapocryptes,rictuosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 202032,Silhouettea indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,indica,,,,,"Visweswara Rao, 1971", 202033,Stigmatogobius minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stigmatogobius,minima,,,,,"(Hora, 1923)",This species has been rename Pseudogobius minima (Larson and Hammer in prep). 202037,Cynoglossus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,dubius,,,,,"Day, 1873", 202038,Cynoglossus macrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,macrostomus,,,,,"Norman, 1928","The name Cynoglossus semifasciatus has been wrongly applied to the commercial species on the Malabar coast, namely, C. macrostomus (Menon 1971, 1977)." 202039,Zebrias annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,annandalei,,,,,"Talwar & Chakrapany, 1967", 202040,Zebrias keralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,keralensis,,,,,"Joglekar, 1976","There has been some taxonomic confusion between this species and Zebrias cochinensis. These taxonomic issues have not been fully resolved. At present, both nominal species are considered valid (Fricke et al. 2019)." 202042,Lalmohania velutina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Lalmohania,velutina,,,,,"Hutchins, 1994", 202045,Merogomphus femoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Merogomphus,femoralis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931", 202046,Brachygonia puella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachygonia,puella,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 202054,Carpiodes cyprinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Carpiodes,cyprinus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)", 202055,Carpiodes velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Carpiodes,velifer,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 202056,Catostomus ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,ardens,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1881","The holotype of Catostomus fecundus is a hybrid between Catostomus ardens and Chasmistes liorus. Because ""Catostomus fecundus"" is not a valid taxon it was dropped from the 1991 AFS checklist. Under nomenclatural rules, the name fecundus cannot be used as valid for either parental species (Robins et al. 1991). See Smith (1992) for a study of the phylogeny and biogeography of the Catostomidae." 202057,Catostomus columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,columbianus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1893)", 202058,Catostomus commersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,commersonii,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)",The recently redescribed summer sucker (Catostomus utawana) of the Adirondack region of New York formerly was included in this species (see Morse and Daniels 2009). 202059,Catostomus fumeiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,fumeiventris,,,,,"Miller, 1973","This species was first diagnosed as a population of Catostomus arenaris, which was subsequently merged with C. tahoensis, its closest relative. It was described as a distinct species by Miller (1973). The introduced population in the Santa Clara River hybridizes with C. (Pantosteus) santaanae (Lee et al. 1980, Moyle 2002)." 202060,Catostomus latipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,latipinnis,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853","This sucker hybridizes with the razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) and the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), an introduced species. The sucker in the Little Colorado River is recognized as a distinct, undescribed species; it is under study by A. Hutchison and D. Buth (Starnes 1995). Range-wide study of genetic diversity is needed (Starnes 1995)." 202061,Catostomus macrocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,macrocheilus,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 202062,Catostomus platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,platyrhynchus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)","Formerly included in the genus Pantosteus, which now is regarded as a subgenus of Catostomus (Smith 1966). Includes P. lahontan and P. jordani, which formerly were regarded as separate species." 202063,Catostomus tahoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,tahoensis,,,,,"Gill & Jordan, 1878","Buth et al. (1992) found that Chasmistes cujus and Catostomus tahoensis were diagnostically different for 20 genetic characters; they found no genetic evidence of hybridization in a sample suspected, on the basis of morphology, to be of hybrid origin." 202064,Catostomus utawana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,utawana,,,,,"Mather, 1886",This species formerly was included in Catostomus commersonii. 202267,Akysis bilustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,bilustris,,,,,"Ng, 2011","Records of the species from the Mekong drainage in Lao PDR were previously identified as A. ephippifer." 202299,Notropis cummingsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,cummingsae,,,,,"Myers, 1925", 202410,Callulina meteora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,meteora,,,,,"Menegon, Gower & Loader, 2011","Populations of Callulina from the Nguru Mountains were historically assigned to C. kreffti, as then understood a widespread East African montane species and the sole member of the genus. Menegon et al. (2008) recognized four distinct species among Nguru Mountains Callulina, two of which have since been formally described (Loader et al. 2010). One of these, C. kanga, appears to be restricted to the Kanga Forest Reserve (Menegon et al. 2008, Loader et al. 2010). The remaining three species are confined to blocks within the Nguru South Forest Reserve (Menegon et al. 2008, Loader et al. 2010). The name C. hanseni refers to ""Callulina sp. 2"" of these authors (Loader et al. 2010); the remaining populations are included within the Red List account for C. kreffti pending further research." 202416,Rhadinella anachoreta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,anachoreta,,,,,"(Smith & Campbell, 1994)", 202418,Rhadinella montecristi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,montecristi,,,,,"(Mertens, 1952)", 202419,Rhadinella pegosalyta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,pegosalyta,,,,,"(McCranie, 2006)", 202420,Rhadinella pilonaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,pilonaorum,,,,,"(Stuart, 1954)", 202421,Rhadinella rogerromani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,rogerromani,,,,,"(Köhler & McCranie, 1999)", 202423,Ambloplites ariommus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Ambloplites,ariommus,,,,,"Viosca, 1936","Ambloplites ariommus formerly was regarded as a subspecies of A. rupestris. The ariommus-rupestris intermediates reported from Missouri and Arkansas lowlands and northern Alabama could be referred to A. ariommus, based on morphological characters. The identity of Ambloplites in the Neosho River system and southeastern Missouri is ""difficult to resolve, perhaps due to extensive introduction of mixed stocks of A. rupestris."" See Lee et al. (1980) for primary literature citations.

Roe et al. (2008) noted that morphological, mitochondrial, and allozyme characters do not allow discrimination between A. rupestris and A. ariommus within the Interior Highlands; this may indicate that A. ariommus never occurred west of the Mississippi River, or it could indicate that if A. ariommus occurred in these drainages, it has now become introgressed with A. rupestris (Roe et al. 2008).

Roe et al. (2008) stated that the distinctiveness of Mobile Basin A. ariommus warrants further study using genetic evidence (that population might turn out to be a distinct species)." 202424,Ambloplites constellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Ambloplites,constellatus,,,,,"Cashner & Suttkus, 1977","This species is closely related to (and was formerly included in) the rock bass, A. rupestris (Cashner and Suttkus 1977, Lee et al. 1980)." 202425,Ambloplites rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Ambloplites,rupestris,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1817)","Ambloplites cavifrons and A. ariommus formerly were included in this species.

Roe et al. (2008) noted that morphological, mitochondrial, and allozyme characters do not allow discrimination between A. rupestris and A. ariommus within the Interior Highlands; this may indicate that A. ariommus never occurred west of the Mississippi River, or it could indicate that if A. ariommus occurred in these drainages, it has now become introgressed with A. rupestris (Roe et al. 2008)." 202426,Ammocrypta beanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Ammocrypta,beanii,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202427,Ammocrypta bifascia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Ammocrypta,bifascia,,,,,"Williams, 1975",Formerly included in Ammocrypta beani. 202428,Ammocrypta clara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Ammocrypta,clara,,,,,"Jordan & Meek, 1885", 202429,Ammocrypta meridiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Ammocrypta,meridiana,,,,,"Williams, 1975", 202430,Ammocrypta vivax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Ammocrypta,vivax,,,,,"Hay, 1882","In a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology, Simons (1991) concluded that Ammocrypta asprella should be included in the genus Crystallaria (generally has been regarded as a subgenus of Ammocrypta) and that the genus Ammocrypta should be regarded as a subgenus of Etheostoma. Page and Burr (1991), Simons (1992), and Wiley (1992) adopted this change, but Etnier and Starnes (1993) and Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) retained Ammocrypta as a distinct genus and treated Crystallaria as a subgenus. Patterns of molecular variation are consistent with the recognition of Ammocrypta species as taxonomically distinct from Etheostoma (Wood and Mayden 1997, Faber and Stepien 1998, Near et al. 2000)." 202432,Archoplites interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Archoplites,interruptus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)","The only living member of the genus; the most ""primitive"" living member of the Centrarchidae (Lee et al. 1980)." 202434,Centrarchus macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Centrarchus,macropterus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 202453,Etheostoma blennioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,blennioides,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1819", 202454,Etheostoma blennius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,blennius,,,,,"Gilbert & Swain, 1887", 202455,Etheostoma brevirostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,brevirostrum,,,,,"Suttkus & Etnier, 1991", 202456,Etheostoma brevispinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,brevispinum,,,,,"(Coker, 1926)", 202457,Etheostoma burri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,burri,,,,,"Ceas & Page, 1997", 202458,Etheostoma caeruleum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,caeruleum,,,,,"Storer, 1845", 202459,Etheostoma camurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,camurum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202460,Etheostoma cervus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,cervus,,,,,"Powers & Mayden, 2003", 202461,Etheostoma chermocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,chermocki,,,,,"Boschung, Mayden & Tomelleri, 1992", 202462,Etheostoma chienense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,chienense,,,,,"Page & Ceas, 1992", 202463,Etheostoma chlorobranchium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,chlorobranchium,,,,,"Zorach, 1972", 202464,Etheostoma chlorosomum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,chlorosomum,,,,,"(Hay, 1881)", 202465,Etheostoma chuckwachatte,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,chuckwachatte,,,,,"Mayden & Wood, 1993", 202466,Etheostoma collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,collettei,,,,,"Birdsong & Knapp, 1969", 202467,Etheostoma collis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,collis,,,,,"(Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)", 202468,Etheostoma colorosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,colorosum,,,,,"Suttkus & Bailey, 1993", 202469,Etheostoma coosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,coosae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)", 202470,Etheostoma corona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,corona,,,,,"Page & Ceas, 1992", 202471,Etheostoma crossopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,crossopterum,,,,,"Braasch & Mayden, 1985", 202472,Etheostoma davisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,davisoni,,,,,"Hay, 1885", 202473,Etheostoma denoncourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,denoncourti,,,,,"Stauffer & van Snik, 1997", 202474,Etheostoma derivativum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,derivativum,,,,,"Page, Hardman & Near, 2003", 202475,Etheostoma douglasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,douglasi,,,,,"Wood & Mayden, 1993", 202476,Etheostoma duryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,duryi,,,,,"Henshall, 1889", 202477,Etheostoma edwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,edwini,,,,,"(Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)", 202478,Etheostoma etnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,etnieri,,,,,"Bouchard, 1977", 202479,Etheostoma etowahae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,etowahae,,,,,"Wood & Mayden, 1993", 202480,Etheostoma euzonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,euzonum,,,,,"(Hubbs & Black, 1940)", 202481,Etheostoma exile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,exile,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 202482,Etheostoma flabellare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,flabellare,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1819", 202483,Etheostoma flavum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,flavum,,,,,"Etnier & Bailey, 1989", 202484,Etheostoma forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,forbesi,,,,,"Page & Ceas, 1992", 202485,Etheostoma fragi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,fragi,,,,,"Distler, 1968", 202486,Etheostoma fusiforme,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,fusiforme,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 202487,Etheostoma gracile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,gracile,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 202488,Etheostoma gutselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,gutselli,,,,,"(Hildebrand, 1932)", 202489,Etheostoma histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,histrio,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1887", 202490,Etheostoma hopkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,hopkinsi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)", 202491,Etheostoma inscriptum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,inscriptum,,,,,"(Jordan & Brayton, 1878)", 202492,Etheostoma jessiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,jessiae,,,,,"(Jordan & Brayton, 1878)", 202493,Etheostoma jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,jordani,,,,,"Gilbert, 1891", 202494,Etheostoma juliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,juliae,,,,,"Meek, 1891", 202495,Etheostoma kantuckeense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,kantuckeense,,,,,"Ceas & Page, 1997", 202496,Etheostoma kennicotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,kennicotti,,,,,"(Putnam, 1863)", 202497,Etheostoma lachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,lachneri,,,,,"Suttkus & Bailey, 1994", 202498,Etheostoma lawrencei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,lawrencei,,,,,"Ceas & Burr, 2002", 202499,Etheostoma lemniscatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,lemniscatum,,,,,"Blanton, 2008", 202500,Etheostoma lepidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,lepidum,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 202501,Etheostoma longimanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,longimanum,,,,,"Jordan, 1888", 202502,Etheostoma marmorpinnum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,marmorpinnum,,,,,"Blanton & Jenkins, 2008", 202503,Etheostoma microlepidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,microlepidum,,,,,"Raney & Zorach, 1967", 202504,Etheostoma microperca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,microperca,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1888", 202505,Etheostoma neopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,neopterum,,,,,"Howell & Dingerkus, 1978", 202506,Etheostoma nigripinne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,nigripinne,,,,,"Braasch & Mayden, 1985", 202507,Etheostoma nigrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,nigrum,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 202508,Etheostoma obeyense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,obeyense,,,,,"Kirsch, 1892", 202509,Etheostoma olivaceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,olivaceum,,,,,"Braasch & Page, 1979", 202510,Etheostoma olmstedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,olmstedi,,,,,"Storer, 1842", 202511,Etheostoma oophylax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,oophylax,,,,,"Ceas & Page, 1992", 202528,Arthroleptis anotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,anotis,,,,,"Loader, Poynton, Lawson, Blackburn & Menegon, 2011",There are no taxonomic changes or current doubts about the validity of this taxon (S. Loader pers. comm. November 2011). 202607,Aphredoderus sayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,APHREDODERIDAE,Aphredoderus,sayanus,,,,,"(Gilliams, 1824)", 202672,Ameiurus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ameiurus,brunneus,,,,,"Jordan, 1877",This species was included in Ictalurus platycephalus until 1968. 202673,Ameiurus catus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ameiurus,catus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 202674,Ameiurus melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ameiurus,melas,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 202675,Ameiurus natalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ameiurus,natalis,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1819)", 202676,Ameiurus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ameiurus,nebulosus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1819)", 202677,Ameiurus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ameiurus,platycephalus,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)",Formerly considered conspecific with Ameiurus serracanthus. 202678,Ameiurus serracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ameiurus,serracanthus,,,,,"(Yerger & Relyea, 1968)", 202837,Hebius nicobariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,nicobariensis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1891)", 202838,Herpetoreas pealii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Herpetoreas,pealii,,,,,"(Sclater, 1891)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown it to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 202839,Boiga andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,andamanensis,,,,,"(Wall, 1909)", 202840,Argyrogena vittacaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Argyrogena,vittacaudata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)", 202841,Dendrelaphis humayuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,humayuni,,,,,"Tiwari & Biswas, 1973",Populations in the central Nicobar Islands needs additional taxonomic research. 202842,Lycodon gammiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,gammiei,,,,,"(Blanford, 1878)", 202843,Gongylosoma nicobariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gongylosoma,nicobariensis,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)", 202844,Lycodon mackinnoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,mackinnoni,,,,,"Wall, 1906", 202845,Lycodon tiwarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,tiwarii,,,,,"Biswas & Sanyal, 1965", 202846,Oligodon melaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,melaneus,,,,,"Wall, 1909", 202847,Oligodon woodmasoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,woodmasoni,,,,,"(Sclater, 1891)", 202848,Naja sagittifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,sagittifera,,,,,"Wall, 1913", 202850,Indotyphlops loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,loveridgei,,,,,"(Constable, 1949)", 202851,Trimeresurus andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,andersonii,,,,,"Theobald, 1868", 202852,Tropidolaemus huttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Tropidolaemus,huttoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1949)",Tropidolaemus huttoni is known only from two juvenile type specimens that closely resemble juveniles of T. wagleri. Boundy (2008) reported a purported third specimen based on historical museum collection associated with a jar label Lonavala near Pune in Maharastra. Ganesh et al. (2014) considers it to be of doubtful distinction with respect to T. wagleri Group. 202853,Bronchocela danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,danieli,,,,,"(Tiwari & Biswas, 1973)", 202854,Bronchocela rubrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,rubrigularis,,,,,"Hallermann, 2009", 202856,Bufoniceps laungwalaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bufoniceps,laungwalaensis,,,,,"(Sharma, 1978)", 202857,Calotes maria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,maria,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 20285,Skiffia francesae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Skiffia,francesae,,,,,"Kingston, 1978","The types Kingston used for her description of Skiffia francesae (1978) were collected by Miller and Fitzsimons in 1970 from the Río Teuchitlán E of Teuchitlán. Two decades later, in 2006, a stock of Skiffia was found in the Molino pond near Cuyacapán, Laguna de Sayula drainage. Fish from this locality are regarded to belong to the Golden Skiffia. According to these two drainages, two subpopulations are recognized: The Upper Río Ameca subpopulation (type subpopulation) and the Laguna de Sayula subpopulation. Both are regarded Extinct in the Wild." 202860,Draco norvillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,norvillii,,,,,"Alcock, 1895","The taxonomic status of Draco norvilii was considered doubtful by Musters (1983), who elected to treat it as a subspecies of Draco blanfordii. McGuire et al. (2007), in an evaluation of Draco systematics based on mitochondrial DNA, explicitly refrained from making a judgment on this issue.

This taxon has more recently been accepted as a full species (e.g. Manthey 2010, Islam and Saikia 2013), but it is not clear that any formal action has been taken to justify this treatment. J. McGuire (pers. comm. 2019) notes that this species cannot reliably be distinguished from D. blanfordii and suspects that it is unlikely to be valid either as a species or subspecies, however cautions that further material is needed to resolve this issue." 202861,Cristidorsa otai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Cristidorsa,otai,,,,,"(Mahony, 2009)", 202862,Cristidorsa planidorsata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Cristidorsa,planidorsata,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)", 202863,Laudakia dayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,dayana,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1871)", 202864,Calotes paulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,paulus,,,,,"(Smith, 1935)", 202865,Pseudocalotes austeniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,austeniana,,,,,"(Annandale, 1908)",


202866,Dibamus nicobaricum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,nicobaricum,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 202867,Cnemaspis assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,assamensis,,,,,"Das & Sengupta, 2000",This species is presently under revision (C. Murthy pers. comm. 2019). 202868,Cyrtopodion mansarulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,mansarulum,,,,,"(Duda & Sahi, 1978)","Molecular data suggest that C. mansarulum may be conspecific with C. rohtasfortai, considered the commonest sandstone gecko in Pakistan by Khan (2008), in which case the name C. mansarulum (Duda and Sahi 1978) has priority (Agarwal et al. 2014)." 202869,Cyrtodactylus rubidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,rubidus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1861)", 202870,Cyrtodactylus lawderanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,lawderanus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1871)", 202871,Gekko verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,verreauxi,,,,,"Tytler, 1865", 202872,Gekko nicobarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,nicobarensis,,,,,"(Das & Vijayakumar, 2009)", 202873,Takydromus haughtonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,haughtonianus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)","The validity of this species, whose sole known specimen exhibits some overlap in characters with Takydromus sexlineatus, is unclear (Uetz et al. 2021)." 202874,Dasia nicobarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,nicobarensis,,,,,"Biswas & Sanyal, 1977",Additional research is needed into the taxonomic validity of this species. 202875,Eutropis andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,andamanensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1935)", 202876,Eutropis quadricarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,quadricarinata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 202877,Lipinia macrotympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,macrotympanum,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1873)", 8134,Ammocrypta pellucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Ammocrypta,pellucida,,,,,"(Putnam, 1863)","In a phylogenetic analysis based on morphology, Simons (1991) concluded that Ammocryptaasprella should be included in the genus Crystallaria (generally has been regarded as a subgenus of Ammocrypta) and that the genus Ammocrypta should be regarded as a subgenus of Etheostoma. Page and Burr (1991), Simons (1992), and Wiley (1992) adopted this change, but Etnier and Starnes (1993) and Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) retained Ammocrypta as a distinct genus and treated Crystallaria as a subgenus. Patterns of molecular variation are consistent with the recognition of Ammocrypta species as taxonomically distinct from Etheostoma (Wood and Mayden 1997, Faber and Stepien 1998, Near et al. 2000)." 203010,Amphisbaena fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,fuliginosa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","According to Gans (2005), Amphisbaena fuliginosa ranges from Trinidad to French Guiana (Starace 1998), including Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname (Hoogmoed 1973). Subpopulations in Colombia, formerly included in A. fuliginosa, were recognized by Gans (2005) as A. amazonica and A. varia. This split was not supported by any data or analyses, and it is not accepted in this assessment. Thus, A. amazonica, A. varia, along with A. bassleri, are here included in A. fuliginosa." 203011,Amphisbaena spurrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,spurrelli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915", 203013,Abronia aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,aurita,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)", 203014,Abronia campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,campbelli,,,,,"Brodie & Savage, 1993", 203015,Abronia fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,fimbriata,,,,,"(Cope, 1884)", 203016,Abronia gaiophantasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,gaiophantasma,,,,,"Campbell & Frost, 1993", 203017,Abronia meledona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,meledona,,,,,"Campbell & Brodie, 1999", 203018,Abronia salvadorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,salvadorensis,,,,,"Hidalgo, 1983", 203020,Celestus adercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,adercus,,,,,"Savage, Lips & Ibanez, 2008", 203024,Celestus bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,bivittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)","McCranie and Wilson (1996) regarded C. atitlanensis as a synonym of C. bivittatus. Characteristics of recently acquired specimens from extreme southwestern Honduras (J. R. McCranie) also suggest that the two taxa may be conspecific (L. Porras, pers. comm. 2013)." 203025,Celestus atitlanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,atitlanensis,,,,,"Smith in Smith & Taylor, 1950","Wilson et al. (1986) examined all the available material then available for the nominal taxa Celestus atitlanensis and C. bivittatus and concluded that ""no significant differences exist among the material examined and that separation of the taxa atitlanensis and bivittatus cannot be maintained"", and consequently proposed that C. atitlanensis be considered a junior synonym of C. bivittatus. Subsequently Campbell and Camarillo (1994) examined the same material, along with additional material they assigned to C. bivittatus, and came to the opposite conclusion. These authors highlighted differences in ecology and geographic distribution as well as morphological characters to support their hypothesis that the two taxa are distinct.

The status of C. atitlanensis has subsequently been uncertain. L. Porras (pers. comm. 2013) reported that new material obtained by J.R. McCranie from extreme southwestern Honduras suggests that the two taxa may be conspecific. No detailed analysis of these taxa has however been undertaken for more than 20 years, and in particular molecular data are lacking to resolve the status of this taxon (L. Wilson pers. comm. 2018). This account follows Campbell and Camarillo (1994) in recognizing both taxa as distinct pending further work, following the recommendation of L. Wilson and L. Porras (pers. comm. 2018)." 203028,Celestus cyanochloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,cyanochloris,,,,,"Cope, 1894", 203031,Celestus hewardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,hewardi,,,,,"Gray, 1845",Recent molecular work sequencing Jamaican species of Celestus has confirmed the validity of this species (S.B. Hedges unpubl. data). 203032,Celestus hylaius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,hylaius,,,,,"Savage & Lips, 1994", 203036,Celestus orobius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,orobius,,,,,"Savage & Lips, 1994", 203039,Coloptychon rhombifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Coloptychon,rhombifer,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 203040,Diploglossus bilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,bilobatus,,,,,"(O'Shaugnessy, 1874)", 203042,Diploglossus monotropis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,monotropis,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 203043,Diploglossus montisilvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,montisilvestris,,,,,"Myers, 1973", 203044,Basiliscus basiliscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Basiliscus,basiliscus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 203046,Basiliscus plumifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Basiliscus,plumifrons,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 203047,Coleonyx mitratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,mitratus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 203048,Anadia ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,ocellata,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 203049,Anadia vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,vittata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1913", 203050,Bachia blairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,blairi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1940)","This species was briefly considered a synonym of Bachia pallidiceps following Dixon (1973), but was removed from synonymy by McDiarmid and DeWeese (1977). While generally treated as a valid species, some authorities continue to recognize B. blairi as a junior synonym of B. pallidiceps, apparently on the basis that the ""only clear difference seems to be a bright dorsolateral stripe in pallidiceps that is missing from blairi"" (Uetz and Hallerman 2010)." 203051,Bachia pallidiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,pallidiceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 203052,Pholidobolus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,vertebralis,,,,,"(O'Shaugnessy, 1879)","The concept assessed here includes the taxonomically contentious Cercosaura ampuedai from northeastern Colombia and Venezuela. Recent redescriptions of both C. ampuedai (Hernández-Ruz 2005) and C. vertebralis (Hernández-Ruz and Bernal González 2011) highlight morphological differences between these two taxa and support their recognition as distinct species, and this assignment has been accepted in a checklist to the reptiles of Venezuela (Rivas et al. 2012). More recent treatments, which have not included Colombian or Venezuelan material, nevertheless treat C. ampuedai as a junior synonym of C. vertebralis (Doan and Lamar 2012). Doan and Cusi (2014) discuss the taxonomy of C. ampuedai in detail, and, based on literature sources and material of C. vertebralis (including Colombian samples), conclude that all characters considered diagnostic for C. ampuedai are variable within C. vertebralis, and formally synonymized the two taxa. These authors did not examine any specimens associated with the name Cercosaura ampuedai from Colombia or Venezuela, and examination of this material is required to clarify the taxonomy of ""C. vertebralis"" in northeastern Colombia and Venezuela (Gutiérrez-Cárdenas et al. in review). As presently understood C. vertebralis appears to be a species complex containing several cryptic taxa (J. M. Daza and D.F. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2013)." 203053,Echinosaura brachycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,brachycephala,,,,,"Köhler, Böhme & Schmitz, 2004", 203054,Echinosaura horrida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,horrida,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890", 203055,Echinosaura palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,palmeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911","Uzzell (1965) considered Echinosaura palmeri a subspecies of E. horrida based on the observation that four specimens from Ecuador and Colombia he examined appeared to be intermediate between the two forms. Reexamining this material, Fritts et al. (2002) found that the Ecuadorian specimens instead represented Teuchocercus keyi rather than E. horrida, and that the Colombian specimens were typical E. horrida, with no evidence of intergradation. Based on these results, and noting ""the lack of evidence for intergradation between E. horrida and E. palmeri"", Fritts et al. (2002) elevated E. palmeri to species level." 203056,Echinosaura panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,panamensis,,,,,"Barbour, 1924","Uzzell (1965) considered Echinosaura panamaensis a subspecies of E. horrida on the basis that differences between the two forms were ""slight"". Detailing specific morphological differences that reliably distinguish these taxa, Fritts et al. (2002) rejected this assignment and elevated E. panamaensis to species level." 203057,Echinosaura sulcarostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,sulcarostrum,,,,,"Donnelly, Macculloch, Ugarte & Kizirian, 2006", 203061,Ptychoglossus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,bilineatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890", 203062,Ptychoglossus brevifrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,brevifrontalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912","Peloso and Avila-Pires (2010) examined the taxonomic history of this species in detail, and re-evaluated characters previously considered to distinguish it reliably from Ptychoglossus nicefori. These authors concluded that a number of these characters were unreliable, and that as many specimens originally used to diagnose P. nicefori were damaged or juveniles, there is currently insufficient evidence to justify considering P. nicefori a valid species, and referred it to the synonymy of P. brevifrontalis." 203064,Ptychoglossus grandisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,grandisquamatus,,,,,"Rueda, 1985", 203065,Ptychoglossus kugleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,kugleri,,,,,"Roux, 1927", 203067,Enyalioides heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,heterolepis,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1874)", 203068,Hoplocercus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Hoplocercus,spinosus,,,,,"Fitzinger, 1843", 203069,Morunasaurus annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Morunasaurus,annularis,,,,,"(O’Shaughnessy, 1881)", 203070,Morunasaurus groi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Morunasaurus,groi,,,,,"Dunn, 1933", 203071,Sceloporus lunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,lunae,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873", 203073,Sceloporus prezygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,prezygus,,,,,"Smith, 1942","Sceloporus prezygus was treated as a subspecies of S. serrifer following Axtell (1960), a placement supported by the finding by Stuart (1970) that this form exhibits apparently random variation across its range and cannot reliably be distinguished from other populations thought to intergrade with S. serrifer. This arrangement is still followed by some authorities (e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2010, Wiens et al. 2010), however other recent work has considered S. prezygus a full species, albeit of questionable or uncertain status (Sites et al. 1992, Wiens and Reeder 1997), and this is the approach followed in the most recent regional and taxonomic species lists (Bell et al. 2003, Wilson et al. 2010). Wiens et al. (2010) found that S. s. prezygus is the closest relative of S. serrifer, however this analysis of higher-level relationships in the genus did not discuss this finding and so the appropriate status of this taxon requires further clarification." 203074,Phyllodactylus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,insularis,,,,,"Dixon, 1960", 203075,Phyllodactylus palmeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,palmeus,,,,,"Dixon, 1968","Records formerly assigned to this species from Guanaja are now understood to represent a distinct species, Phyllodactylus paralepis, based on molecular and morphological evidence (McCranie and Hedges 2013)." 203076,Anolis apletophallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,apletophallus,,,,,"Köhler & Sunyer, 2008", 203077,Anolis aquaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,aquaticus,,,,,"Taylor, 1956", 203078,Anolis auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,auratus,,,,,"Daudin, 1802", 203079,Anolis beckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,beckeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1881", 203080,Anolis bicaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bicaorum,,,,,"(Köhler, 1996)", 203081,Anolis campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,campbelli,,,,,"(Köhler & E.N. Smith, 2008)", 203082,Anolis casildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,casildae,,,,,"Arosemena, Ibanez & De-Sousa, 1991", 203083,Anolis charlesmyersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,charlesmyersi,,,,,"Köhler, 2010", 203084,Anolis chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,chloris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 203086,Anolis cobanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cobanensis,,,,,"Stuart, 1942", 203087,Anolis cryptolimifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cryptolimifrons,,,,,"Köhler & Sunyer, 2008", 203088,Anolis datzorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,datzorum,,,,,"Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer & Batista, 2007", 203089,Anolis frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,frenatus,,,,,"Cope, 1899", 203090,Anolis fungosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fungosus,,,,,"Myers, 1971", 203091,Anolis fuscoauratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fuscoauratus,,,,,"D'Orbigny in Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 203092,Anolis gruuo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gruuo,,,,,"Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer & Batista, 2007", 203093,Anolis haguei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,haguei,,,,,"Stuart, 1942", 203094,Anolis heteropholidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,heteropholidotus,,,,,"Mertens, 1952","

Meyer and Wilson (1971) synonymized Anolis heteropholidotus within A. sminthus, but Köhler (1996) later resurrected it from synonymy.

" 203095,Anolis humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,humilis,,,,,"Peters, 1863","

Anolis quaggulus was removed from synonymy with A. humilis by Köhler (2003), but the diagnostic characters this author uses to distinguish the two taxa are considered insufficient by Poe et al. (2016). Anolis humilis marsupialis was elevated to specific status by Savage and Bolaños (2009), an action upheld by Köhler et al. (2015).

" 203096,Anolis ibanezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ibanezi,,,,,"Poe, Latella, Ryan & Schaad, 2009", 203097,Anolis insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,insignis,,,,,"Cope, 1871", 203099,Anolis johnmeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,johnmeyeri,,,,,"Wilson & McCranie, 1982", 203100,Anolis kemptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,kemptoni,,,,,"Dunn, 1940",

Both Hulebak and Poe (2006) and Ponce and Köhler (2008) synonymized Anolis pandoensis within Anolis kemptoni.

203101,Anolis kreutzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,kreutzi,,,,,"(McCranie, Köhler & Wilson, 2000)", 203102,Anolis kunayalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,kunayalae,,,,,"Hulebak, Poe, Ibánez & Williams, 2007", 203103,Anolis latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,latifrons,,,,,"Berthold, 1846", 203104,Anolis limifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,limifrons,,,,,"Cope, 1871","G. Köhler (pers. comm. 2012) suggests that records from the Pacific versant presently included within this species may represent a separate species, for which the name Anolis pulchripes is available, but taxonomic research is needed to confirm this. Poe (2016) notes that the characters used to distinguish this species from Anolis zeus, presently recognized as a distinct species, are not reliable." 203105,Anolis macrophallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,macrophallus,,,,,"Werner, 1917","

Köhler and Kreutz (1999) resurrected this species from synonymy with Anolis cupreus, within which it had been placed by Stuart (1955).

" 203106,Anolis magnaphallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,magnaphallus,,,,,"Poe & Ibánez, 2007", 203107,Anolis microtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,microtus,,,,,"Cope, 1871","Several Panamanian populations previously referred to as Anolis microtus are now referred to as Anolis ginaelisae Lotzkat, Hertz, Bienentreu & Köhler, 2013." 203108,Anolis monteverde,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,monteverde,,,,,"Köhler, 2009","Prior to its description by Köhler (2009), this species was referred to as a population of Anolis altae." 203109,Anolis morazani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,morazani,,,,,"Townsend & Wilson, 2009", 203110,Anolis ocelloscapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ocelloscapularis,,,,,"(Köhler, McCranie & Wilson, 2001)", 203111,Anolis osa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,osa,,,,,"Köhler, Dehling & Köhler, 2010", 203112,Anolis oxylophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,oxylophus,,,,,"Cope, 1876","There remains some confusion as to whether Anolis lionotus is a separate species from the very similar A. oxylophus, a situation complicated by the apparent loss of the Panamanian A. lionotus holotype (Wilson et al. 2010). Citing unpublished work, Köhler (2001) justified earlier works (Köhler 1999, 2000) that treated A. oxylophus as a synonym without comment. As no published work has yet formally synonymized these taxa, however, this account follows Savage (2002) and Wilson et al. (2010) in considering A. lionotus a separate species from A. oxylophus, with A. oxylophus ranging from Honduras to western Panama." 203113,Anolis pijolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pijolensis,,,,,"(McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1993)", 203114,Anolis poecilopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,poecilopus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 203115,Anolis polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,polylepis,,,,,"Peyers, 1874", 203116,Anolis pseudokemptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pseudokemptoni,,,,,"Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer & Batista, 2007", 203117,Anolis pseudopachypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pseudopachypus,,,,,"Köhler, Ponce, Sunyer & Batista, 2007", 203118,Anolis purpurgularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,purpurgularis,,,,,"(McCranie, Cruz & Holm, 1993)", 203119,Anolis quaggulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,quaggulus,,,,,"Cope, 1885", 203120,Anolis roatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,roatanensis,,,,,"Köhler & McCranie, 2001", 203121,Anolis rubribarbaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rubribarbaris,,,,,"(Köhler, McCranie & Wilson, 1999)", 203122,Anolis salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,salvini,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","The validity of this species was confirmed by Köhler (2007), who recognized it as the senior synonym for the species previously recognized as Anolis vociferans. The Guatemalan type locality for A. salvini, which is known from Costa Rica and Panama, is considered to be in error (Köhler 2008)." 203123,Anolis townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,townsendi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1900", 203124,Anolis tropidogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tropidogaster,,,,,"Hallowell, 1856", 203125,Anolis tropidolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tropidolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 203126,Anolis unilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,unilobatus,,,,,"Köhler & Vesely, 2010",Was formerly treated as part of Anolis sericeus. 203127,Anolis utilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,utilensis,,,,,"(Köhler, 1996)", 203128,Anolis villai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,villai,,,,,"Fitch & Henderson, 1976", 203129,Anolis vittigerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,vittigerus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 203130,Anolis wampuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,wampuensis,,,,,"(McCranie & Köhler, 2001)", 203131,Anolis wellbornae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,wellbornae,,,,,"Ahl, 1940", 203132,Anolis woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,woodi,,,,,"Dunn, 1940", 203133,Anolis yoroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,yoroensis,,,,,"(McCranie, Nicholson & Köhler, 2001)", 203134,Anolis zeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,zeus,,,,,"(Köhler & McCranie, 2001)", 203135,Anisolepis longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Anisolepis,longicauda,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 203137,Diplolaemus bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Diplolaemus,bibronii,,,,,"Bell, 1843", 203138,Diplolaemus leopardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Diplolaemus,leopardinus,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)", 203139,Diplolaemus sexcinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Diplolaemus,sexcinctus,,,,,"Cei, Scolaro & Videla, 2003", 203140,Enyalius bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,bilineatus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 203141,Enyalius brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 203142,Enyalius catenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,catenatus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)", 203144,Enyalius iheringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,iheringii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 203145,Enyalius leechii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,leechii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)", 203146,Enyalius perditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,perditus,,,,,"Jackson, 1978", 203148,Leiosaurus jaguaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Leiosaurus,jaguaris,,,,,"Laspiur, Acosta & Abdala, 2007", 203149,Leiosaurus paronae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Leiosaurus,paronae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1897)", 203150,Pristidactylus achalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,achalensis,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1964)", 203151,Pristidactylus araucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,araucanus,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1964)","This is of unclear taxonomic status (Etheridge and Williams 1985, Abdala et al. 2012)." 203152,Pristidactylus casuhatiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,casuhatiensis,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1968)", 203153,Pristidactylus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,fasciatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny in Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 203154,Pristidactylus nigroiugulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,nigroiugulus,,,,,"Cei, Scolaro & Videla, 2001", 203155,Pristidactylus scapulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,scapulatus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1861)", 203156,Pristidactylus volcanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,volcanensis,,,,,"Lamorot & Diaz, 1987", 203157,Urostrophus gallardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Urostrophus,gallardoi,,,,,"Etheridge & Williams, 1991", 203159,Polychrus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,POLYCHROTIDAE,Polychrus,acutirostris,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 203160,Polychrus femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,POLYCHROTIDAE,Polychrus,femoralis,,,,,"Werner, 1910", 203161,Polychrus gutturosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,POLYCHROTIDAE,Polychrus,gutturosus,,,,,"Berthold, 1846", 203163,Polychrus liogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,POLYCHROTIDAE,Polychrus,liogaster,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 203164,Polychrus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,POLYCHROTIDAE,Polychrus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 203165,Sphenomorphus rarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,rarus,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 1991", 203166,Aristelliger barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,barbouri,,,,,"Noble & Klingel, 1932", 203170,Aristelliger praesignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,praesignis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1856)","Hecht (1951) treated Aristelliger nelsoni as a subspecies of A. praesignis in a distribution map of the species' range but provided no supporting justification. This scheme has nonetheless been widely followed since, although distinct morphological differences between A. nelsoniand the nominate form were highlighted by Bauer and Russell (1993). McCranie (2018) corroborated this finding, and noted that the deep sea separating the Swan Islands from the Cayman Islands and Jamaica further supports the recognition of the two taxa as distinct species. This author recommended treating A. nelsoni as a full species pending molecular research to clarify its status, a recommendation that had previously been followed by Powell and Henderson (2012). On this basis, and noting that the proposed subspecific status has never been adequately justified, this account follows McCranie (2015, 2018) in treating A. nelsoni as a full species. Ongoing research suggests that the resulting concept of A. praesignis is itself a complex containing multiple species-level lineages (S.B. Hedges in prep.)." 203171,Aristelliger reyesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,reyesi,,,,,"Diaz & Hedges, 2009", 203172,Chatogekko amazonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Chatogekko,amazonicus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1918)", 203173,Coleodactylus brachystoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Coleodactylus,brachystoma,,,,,"(Amaral, 1935)", 203174,Coleodactylus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Coleodactylus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 203175,Sphaerodactylus graptolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,graptolaemus,,,,,"Harris & Kluge, 1984", 203176,Sphaerodactylus homolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,homolepis,,,,,"Cope, 1886", 203178,Sphaerodactylus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,pacificus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1903", 203180,Ameiva ameiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,ameiva,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Ameiva ameiva is a known species complex, but its taxonomy has never been investigated in detail and species boundaries are not clear. Ugueto and Harvey (2011) conducted a preliminary study of variation in this group, which strongly suggested that Lesser Antilles populations attributed to this species are specifically distinct from forms found in the mainland, Swan Island, and Trinidad & Tobago. These authors recognized two species, A. atrigularis and A. praesignis, from within Venezuelan populations attributed to this species, but indicated that additional species exist within the complex. Henderson and Powell informally recognize the Lesser Antilles populations under the name Ameiva aquilina, and this name has recently been used in grey literature (Sadjak et al. 2016); this form is retained here within Ameiva ameiva pending clarification of species boundaries within this complex." 203182,Cnemidophorus lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,lemniscatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","McCranie and Hedges (2013) examined the systematics the Cnedmidophorus lemniscatus complex across Central America and Colombia. These authors elevated the northern Central American subspecies C. l. ruatanus to specific status and assigned Panamanian populations to the new species C. duellmani. These authors also recommended elevating the South American forms C. l. gaigei, C. l. espeuti, C. l. splendidus, and C. l. arenivagus to specific status, with the caveat that these were not the focus of their research and further work including molecular research is required to confirm this arrangement. This validity of C. arenivagus and C. splendidus was subsequently supported by molecular research (Goicoechea et al. 2016) and these authors also accepted C. gaigei as a valid species. These authors do not discuss the Colombian C. espeuti, referring to it in passing as C. l. speuti but not including it within the content of their Cnemidophorus lemniscatus species group. C. espeuti is considered valid here following Uetz et al. (2018) but the taxonomic status of this form is consequently unclear" 203184,Lepidophyma mayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,mayae,,,,,"Bezy, 1973", 203186,Cricosaura typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Cricosaura,typica,,,,,"Gundlach & Peters, 1863", 203190,Anomalepis aspinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Anomalepis,aspinosus,,,,,"Taylor, 1939", 203192,Anomalepis flavapices,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Anomalepis,flavapices,,,,,"Peters, 1957","Kofron (1988) suggested that Anomalepis flavapices may be conspecific with A. aspinosus because their dorsal scale counts are similar. However, scale counts between populations of Anomalepis in Ecuador and Peru do not overlap (although both species remain known from few specimens) and their distributions are highly distinct in biogeographical terms, with A. flavapices restricted to the coasts of northwestern Ecuador, and A. aspinosus to the dry valleys of northeastern Peru (D.F. Cisneros-Heredia, pers. comm. 2014)." 203193,Anomalepis mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Anomalepis,mexicanus,,,,,"Jan, 1860", 203195,Helminthophis frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Helminthophis,frontalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1860)", 203196,Helminthophis praeocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Helminthophis,praeocularis,,,,,"Amaral, 1924", 203197,Liotyphlops albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,albirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1857)", 203198,Liotyphlops anops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,anops,,,,,"(Cope, 1899)","Dixon and Kofron (1984) refer two literature records of ""Liotyphlops anops"" from Dunn (1944), from Santander and Cundinamarca, to L. argaleus, while cautioning that they were not able to examine these specimens and that they may instead represent a new species.

This action was accepted by Vanzolini (in Peters and Donoso-Barros 1986) but has since been the source of some confusion as McDiarmid et al. (1999) suggested this assignment may be uncertain, although Dixon and Kofron (1984) removed these records from the distribution of L. anops. Santos (2018) consequently includes Santander and Cundinamarca within the distribution of L. anops (adding further to the confusion, this author apparently maps the wrong type locality for L. anops, placing it in Meta Department)." 203199,Liotyphlops caissara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,caissara,,,,,"Centeno, Sawaya & Germano, 2010", 203201,Liotyphlops ternetzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,ternetzii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 203203,Liotyphlops wilderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,wilderi,,,,,"(Garman, 1883)", 203205,Typhlophis squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Typhlophis,squamosus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)", 203206,Corallus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,annulatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 203207,Corallus batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,batesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)", 203208,Corallus caninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,caninus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 203209,Corallus cookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,cookii,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 203210,Corallus hortulanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,hortulanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 203211,Corallus ruschenbergerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,ruschenbergerii,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 203212,Epicrates maurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Epicrates,maurus,,,,,"Gray, 1849", 203214,Trachyboa boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Trachyboa,boulengeri,,,,,"Peracca, 1910", 203215,Trachyboa gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Trachyboa,gularis,,,,,"Peters, 1860","No reports of Trachyboa gularis have appeared in the scientific literature since the species was first described, and it has rarely been mentioned. The name has, however, been used in pet trade articles ( Arnett 1992, Burger 2017) to refer to a species from coastal Ecuador that ""does well"" in certain captive conditions, suggesting a known extant population. The basis for this is not clear and no diagnosis is provided to clarify whether this represents ""true"" T. gularis. It is probable that any animals in trade marketed as T. gularis in fact belong to T. boulengeri." 203279,Chironius exoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,exoletus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Sudré et al. (2017) examined 155 Atlantic Forest Chironius specimens, representing the recognized species C. exoletus and C. quadricarinatus as well as specimens identified as C. pyyrhopogon (the types of the latter having been lost). These authors found no morphological or meristic differences between Atlantic Forest C. exoletus and C. ""pyrrhopogon"" and provided the first photographic evidence of similar labial markings in other species of Atlantic Forest Chironius, suggesting that this is not a reliable diagnostic character. These authors consequently followed Dixon et al. (1993) in treating C. pyrrhopogon as a junior synonym of C. exoletus. These authors note that, as suggested by Dixon et al. (1993), the widespread C. exoletus is likely to be a species complex, and that the name C. pyrrhopogon will be available if Atlantic Forest populations prove to represent a distinct species." 203284,Dendrophidion boshelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,boshelli,,,,,"Dunn, 1944","The holotype of this species was for some time transferred to an American institution in Washington DC before being returned to Bogota by J. Lynch, and it is possible that reports of a second record refer to the holotype in two separate collections (C. Arredondo, J. Daza and R.Caicedo pers. comms. 2013)" 203286,Dendrophidion dendrophis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,dendrophis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 203288,Dendrophidion clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,clarkii,,,,,"Dunn, 1933","McCranie (2011) resurrected the name Dendrophidion clarkii for northern populations within the D. nuchale species complex. Cadle and Savage (2012), in a subsequent revision of this complex, confirmed the validity of D. clarkii but restricted this name to populations ranging from Costa Rica and Panama to Colombia and Ecuador; these authors assigned remaining Central American populations to a new species, D. rufiterminorum." 203289,Dendrophidion paucicarinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,paucicarinatum,,,,,"(Cope, 1894)", 203291,Leptophis cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,cupreus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 203292,Leptophis depressirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,depressirostris,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 203293,Leptophis nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,nebulosus,,,,,"Oliver, 1942", 203294,Leptophis riveti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,riveti,,,,,"Despax, 1910","A specimen assigned to this species from Trinidad, well outside its known range, was described as Leptophis stimsoni by Harding (1995)." 203296,Mastigodryas amarali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,amarali,,,,,"(Stuart, 1938)", 203298,Palusophis bifossatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Palusophis,bifossatus,,,,,"(Raddi, 1820)",This taxon may represent more than one species. 203299,Mastigodryas boddaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,boddaerti,,,,,"(Sentzen, 1796)","The western population of this species in Ecuador is apparently a new species (J. Valencia pers. comm. 2014). The form on Tobago may represent a distinct species, for which the name M. dunni is available (Montingelli 2009)." 203300,Mastigodryas bruesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,bruesi,,,,,"Barbour, 1914", 203301,Mastigodryas danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,danieli,,,,,"Amaral, 1935", 203302,Mastigodryas pleei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,pleei,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 203303,Mastigodryas pulchriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,pulchriceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 203304,Oxybelis brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oxybelis,brevirostris,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 203305,Oxybelis wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oxybelis,wilsoni,,,,,"Villa & McCranie, 1995", 203307,Scolecophis atrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Scolecophis,atrocinctus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 203308,Tantilla albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,albiceps,,,,,"Barbour, 1925", 203309,Tantilla alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,alticola,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 203310,Tantilla andinista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,andinista,,,,,"Wilson & Mena, 1980", 203311,Tantilla armillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,armillata,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 203312,Tantilla brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,brevicauda,,,,,"Mertens, 1952", 203313,Tantilla capistrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,capistrata,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 203316,Tantilla hendersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,hendersoni,,,,,"Stafford, 2004", 203317,Tantilla insulamontana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,insulamontana,,,,,"Wilson & Mena, 1980", 203318,Tantilla lempira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,lempira,,,,,"Wilson & Mena, 1980", 203321,Tantilla melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,melanocephala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomic relationship between this species and other species of Tantilla needs to be resolved. Variation within the T. melanocephala species complex, as then understood, was characterized across the species' range by Wilson and Mena (1980) and several subsequent studies (discussed in Mata-Silva and Wilson 2016) have revised the systematics of T. melanocephala, primarily in Central America, Colombia and Ecuador, recognizing a number of previously cryptic species and referring T. equatoriana, described by Wilson and Mena (1980), to the synonymy of T. melanocephala (Greenbaum et al. 2004). A subpopulation recently recognized from Brazil as a separate species, T. marcovani, was subsequently found to represent a junior synonym of T. melanocephala (Mata-Silva and Wilson 2016). The resulting species concept is of a trans-Andean snake confined to South America and Panama, however, subpopulations east of the Andes - which are thought to include the topotypical subpopulation (which has the type locality ""America"", but is thought likely to refer to a locality on the Guiana Plateau - P. Passos pers. comm. 2016) have received less attention and their systematics remain unclear. Recent unpublished work has investigated the systematics of Brazilian subpopulations (A. Silveira unpubl. thesis), but this did not include comparisons from subpopulations elsewhere in the species' range. Based on scale counts Trinidad and Tobago each appear to possess an endemic species within this complex, separate from mainland populations (J. Murphy pers. comm. 2015). " 203322,Tantilla miyatai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,miyatai,,,,,"Wilson & Knight, 1987","This species closely resembles Tantilla melanocephala, being distinguished only by a mid-ventral stripe. As it is known from only three specimens, it is possible that this is an occasional morph of this commonly-collected species rather than a separate taxon, but research is needed to determine whether this is the case (M. Yanez-Munoz pers. comm. 2016)." 203323,Tantilla petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,petersi,,,,,"Wilson, 1979", 203324,Tantilla psittaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,psittaca,,,,,"McCranie, 2011","This species was previously considered to belong to Tantilla taeniata (McCranie 2011)." 203327,Tantilla semicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,semicincta,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 203328,Tantilla supracincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,supracincta,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 203329,Tantilla taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,taeniata,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1883)", 203330,Tantilla tecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,tecta,,,,,"Campbell & Smith, 1997", 203332,Tantilla tritaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,tritaeniata,,,,,"Smith & Williams, 1966", 203333,Trimorphodon lambda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Trimorphodon,lambda,,,,,"Cope, 1886","Based on mtDNA data (Devitt 2006) and patterns of morphological variation, Devitt et al. (2008) recognized six species in the Trimorphodon biscutatus species complex: T. lyrophanes, T. lambda, and T. vilkinsonii in the United States and Mexico, and T. biscutatus, T. paucimaculatus, and T. quadruplex occurring to the south in Mexico/Central America. 

Trimorphodon lambda hybridizes with T. vilkinsonii in extreme southeastern Arizona (Cochise County) and southwestern New Mexico (Grant and Hidalgo counties) (Devitt et al. 2008). This species may also come into contact with T. lyrophanes in southeastern California and/or extreme southern Nevada, and with T. paucimaculatus near the Sonora-Sinaloa border (Devitt et al. 2008). Specimens from contact zones may be difficult to identify (Devitt et al. 2008)." 203334,Trimorphodon lyrophanes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Trimorphodon,lyrophanes,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)","Based on mtDNA data (Devitt 2006) and patterns of morphological variation, Devitt et al. (2008) recognized six species in the Trimorphodon biscutatus species complex: T. lyrophanes, T. lambda, and T. vilkinsonii in the United States and Mexico, and T. biscutatus, T. paucimaculatus, and T. quadruplex occurring to the south in Mexico/Central America." 203336,Trimorphodon quadruplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Trimorphodon,quadruplex,,,,,"Smith, 1941", 203337,Adelphicos ibarrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,ibarrorum,,,,,"Campbell & Brodie, 1988", 203338,Adelphicos veraepacis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,veraepacis,,,,,"Stuart, 1941", 203339,Amastridium sapperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Amastridium,sapperi,,,,,"(Werner, 1903)","Following Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970) Amastridium sapperi has been treated as a subspecies of A. veliferum, and this arrangement is still followed by some authorities (e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2010). Recent work, however, generally treats it as a full species (e.g. Wilson and Townsend 2006, Wilson et al. 2010)." 203404,Acanthobrama hadiyahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,hadiyahensis,,,,,"Coad, Alkahem & Behnke, 1983", 203405,Arabibarbus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Arabibarbus,arabicus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1941)", 203407,Carasobarbus apoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,apoensis,,,,,"(Banister & Clarke, 1977)", 203408,Carasobarbus exulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,exulatus,,,,,"(Banister & Clarke, 1977)", 203409,Cyprinion acinaces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinion,acinaces,,,,,"Banister & Clarke, 1977","Two subspecies have been recognized, Cyprinion acinaces acinaces (Banister & Clarke, 1977) and Cyprinon acinaces hijazi Krupp, 1983." 203412,Cyprinion mhalense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinion,mhalense,,,,,"Alkahem & Behnke, 1983", 15242036,Cyprinion watsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinion,watsoni,,,,,"(Day, 1872)","Cyprinion watsoni was described from the Indus drainage in Pakistan and C. microphthalmum is a species of neighbouring Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan; the Arabian populations have sometimes been treated as a separate species (C. muscatensis), as a subspecies of C. microphtalmum (C. m. muscatensis), or sometimes as a synonym of C. watsoni (J. Freyhof pers. comm)." 203416,Garra buettikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,buettikeri,,,,,"Krupp, 1983", 203417,Garra lautior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,lautior,,,,,"Banister, 1987", 203418,Garra mamshuqa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,mamshuqa,,,,,"Krupp, 1983", 203419,Garra sahilia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,sahilia,,,,,"Krupp, 1983",Two subspecies of Garra sahilia sahilia have been recognised: G. sahilia sahilia Krupp 1983 and G. sahila gharbia Krupp 1983. Both are assessed together as G. sahilia. 203422,Garra smartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,smartae,,,,,"Krupp & Budd, 2009", 203431,Atractus clarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,clarki,,,,,"Dunn & Bailey, 1939", 203432,Atractus darienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,darienensis,,,,,"Myers, 2003", 203435,Atractus depressiocellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,depressiocellus,,,,,"Myers, 2003", 203439,Atractus imperfectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,imperfectus,,,,,"Myers, 2003", 203440,Clelia equatoriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Clelia,equatoriana,,,,,"(Amaral, 1924)","The distribution of this species in Costa Rica with respect to that of Clelia scytalina is extremely confused, due to inconsistencies between species lists for this country and in descriptions of these species' colouration, morphological characters and ecology in the relevant literature, discussed in detail in Wilson et al. (2010). The expectation that C. equatoriana occurs in Costa Rica is based on the identification of a specimen from the northern highlands of the country's Cordillera Central (Zaher 1996), an unusual record for this predominantly lowland species which is not otherwise known north of Panama (Wilson et al. 2010). Due to difficulties presented by variation in and inconsistent descriptions of morphological characters for C. equatoriana, molecular work will be needed to establish whether this species in fact occurs in Costa Rica or whether highland populations are conspecific with C. scytalina (Wilson et al. 2010). Pending resolution of this issue, and following Wilson et al. (2010), Costa Rican records of C. equatoriana are considered to represent C. scytalina in these accounts." 203442,Clelia langeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Clelia,langeri,,,,,"Reichle & Embert, 2005", 203443,Clelia plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Clelia,plumbea,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)", 203445,Paraphimophis rustica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Paraphimophis,rustica,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)", 203466,Coniophanes joanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,joanae,,,,,"Myers, 1966", 203467,Coniophanes andresensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,andresensis,,,,,"Bailey, 1937", 203469,Coniophanes longinquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,longinquus,,,,,"Cadle, 1989", 203477,Coniophanes piceivittis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,piceivittis,,,,,"Cope, 1870","Coniophanes piceivittis taylori and Coniophanes piceivittis taeniata were elevated to species status by Flores-Villela and Smith (2009), who also described C. michoacanensis from populations previously assigned to piceivittis.

The year of description of this species is frequently given as '1869', but is given as '1870' here following Wallach et al. (2014), Uetz et al. 2021), based on the actual year of publication of the describing publication." 203492,Crisantophis nevermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Crisantophis,nevermanni,,,,,"(Dunn, 1937)", 203499,Diaphorolepis wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Diaphorolepis,wagneri,,,,,"Jan, 1863", 203502,Dipsas bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,bicolor,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)", 203504,Dipsas tenuissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,tenuissima,,,,,"Taylor, 1954", 203505,Enuliophis sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Enuliophis,sclateri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 203507,Enulius bifoveatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Enulius,bifoveatus,,,,,"McCranie & Köhler, 1999", 203509,Erythrolamprus aesculapii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,aesculapii,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species may represent a species complex containing at least 16 species (Curcio 2008). 203510,Erythrolamprus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,guentheri,,,,,"Garman, 1883", 203511,Erythrolamprus mimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,mimus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 203521,Cyrtopodion aravallense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,aravallense,,,,,"(Gill, 1997)", 203522,Geophis bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,bellus,,,,,"Myers, 1993", 203523,Geophis betaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,betaniensis,,,,,"Restrepo & Wright, 1987", 203524,Geophis championi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,championi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 203525,Geophis downsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,downsi,,,,,"Savage, 1981", 203526,Geophis fulvoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,fulvoguttatus,,,,,"Mertens, 1952", 203527,Geophis godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,godmani,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 203528,Geophis hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,hoffmanni,,,,,"(Peters, 1859)", 203529,Geophis nephodrymus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,nephodrymus,,,,,"Townsend & Wilson, 2006", 203532,Cyrtodactylus fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1861)","This species is thought to be a species complex, as different morphs are known (Mohapatra)." 203533,Geophis talamancae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,talamancae,,,,,"Lips & Savage, 1994", 203534,Geophis tectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,tectus,,,,,"Savage & Watling, 2008", 203535,Geophis zeledoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,zeledoni,,,,,"Taylor, 1954", 203537,Hydromorphus concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydromorphus,concolor,,,,,"Peters, 1859", 203538,Hydromorphus dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydromorphus,dunni,,,,,"Slevin, 1942", 203540,Scincella macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,macrotis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 203542,Leptodeira rubricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,rubricata,,,,,"(Cope, 1893)", 203546,Gerrhopilus andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,andamanensis,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1871)", 203549,Ninia celata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,celata,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1995", 203550,Ninia hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,hudsoni,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 203551,Ninia maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,maculata,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)", 203552,Ninia pavimentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,pavimentata,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1883)", 203555,Omoadiphas aurula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Omoadiphas,aurula,,,,,"Köhler, McCranie & Wilson, 2001", 203556,Omoadiphas cannula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Omoadiphas,cannula,,,,,"McCranie & Cruz-Díaz, 2010", 203558,Phimophis guerini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phimophis,guerini,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 203559,Phimophis guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phimophis,guianensis,,,,,"(Troschel, 1848)", 203562,Phimophis vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phimophis,vittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 203563,Pomacea pealiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,pealiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)", 203564,Lymnaea tengriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,tengriana,,,,,"(Izzatullaev, Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1983)", 203566,Kutikina hispida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Kutikina,hispida,,,,,"Ponder & Waterhouse, 1997",This species was the first described of a the new genus Kutikina (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997). 203567,Pantherophis ramspotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,ramspotti,,,,,"Crother, White, Savage, Eckstut, Graham & Gardner, 2011","Based on a phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA data, Crother et al. (2011) determined that populations of Pantherophis vulpinus west of the Mississippi River should be recognized as a distinct species (Pantherophis ramscotti), whereas populations of P. vulpinus east of the Mississippi River represent a single species (P. vulpinus). The authors concluded that nominal P. gloydi of the eastern Great Lakes basin should be regarded as conspecific with P. vulpinus." 203577,Pseudoboa coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoboa,coronata,,,,,"Schneider, 1801", 203579,Pseudoboa neuwiedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoboa,neuwiedii,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 203581,Pseudoboa nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoboa,nigra,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 203583,Rhadinaea calligaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,calligaster,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 203584,Rhadinaea pulveriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,pulveriventris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 203585,Rhadinaea sargenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,sargenti,,,,,"Dunn & Bailey, 1939", 203586,Rhadinaea stadelmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,stadelmani,,,,,"Stuart & Bailey, 1941", 203587,Rhadinaea vermiculaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,vermiculaticeps,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)", 203588,Sibon annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,annulatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 203589,Sibon anthracops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,anthracops,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 203590,Sibon argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,argus,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 203591,Sibon carri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,carri,,,,,"(Shreve, 1951)", 203594,Sibon manzanaresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,manzanaresi,,,,,"McCranie, 2007", 203595,Sibon miskitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,miskitus,,,,,"McCranie, 2006", 203596,Sibon perissostichon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,perissostichon,,,,,"Köhler, Lotzkat & Hertz, 2010", 203597,Siphlophis cervinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Siphlophis,cervinus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)", 203599,Tretanorhinus mocquardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tretanorhinus,mocquardi,,,,,"Bocourt, 1891", 203600,Tretanorhinus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tretanorhinus,taeniatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 203601,Tretanorhinus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tretanorhinus,variabilis,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 203602,Trimetopon barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Trimetopon,barbouri,,,,,"Dunn, 1930", 203603,Trimetopon gracile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Trimetopon,gracile,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 203604,Trimetopon pliolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Trimetopon,pliolepis,,,,,"Cope, 1894", 203605,Trimetopon simile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Trimetopon,simile,,,,,"Dunn, 1930", 203606,Trimetopon viquezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Trimetopon,viquezi,,,,,"Dunn, 1937", 203607,Tropidodipsas fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodipsas,fischeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 203614,Urotheca decipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,decipiens,,,,,"(Günther, 1893)","The identity of the three records attributed to this species from Colombia is uncertain, as two of these exhibit scale counts within the range of geographical variation known for Urotheca lateristiga (J.D. Lynch pers. comm.), and the third was a road-killed juvenile in a poor state of preservation." 203615,Urotheca fulviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,fulviceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)", 203620,Urotheca myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,myersi,,,,,"Savage & Lahanas, 1989", 203622,Micrurus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,alleni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936", 203623,Micrurus ancoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,ancoralis,,,,,"Jan, 1872", 203625,Micrurus dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,dumerilii,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)", 203626,Micrurus hippocrepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,hippocrepis,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)", 203629,Micrurus mosquitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,mosquitensis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1933", 203630,Micrurus multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)","Castro-Herrera & Vargas Salinas (2008) reported a specimen from Colombia, however this is thought likely to represent confusion with Micrurus mipartitus (Colombia checklist in prep.) Other references to this species, both prior and subsequent to this paper, restrict its range to lower Central America, and the species' occurrence in Colombia is ""very doubtful"" (Colombia checklist in prep)." 203631,Micrurus stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,stewarti,,,,,"Barbour & Amaral, 1928", 203632,Micrurus stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,stuarti,,,,,"Roze, 1967", 203633,Epictia ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,ater,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)","The taxonomy of Epictia (formerly Leptotyphlops) in Central America is in need of resolution. Sunyer and Köhler (2010) provisionally recognize only the single species E. goudoti pending clarification of this situation. These authors tentatively synonymize E. nasalis and E. ater within this species, the latter without discussion. These authors consider E. nasalis a possible synonym on the basis that the single known individual differs from typical E. goudoti by a single scale character and no further specimens have been found in 70 years, indicating that it may be merely an aberrant individual rather than a genuine species. This arrangement has subsequently been accepted by Wallach (2016), who redescribed Epictia ater. This scheme is followed here for E. nasalis, however E. ater is tentatively treated as a valid species pending clarification of the basis for synonymizing it within E. goudoti." 203639,Tricheilostoma broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tricheilostoma,broadleyi,,,,,"(Wallach & Hahn, 1997)","This species had been placed in the genus Guinea, which Hedges (2011) found to be a junior synonym of Tricheilostoma on the basis that the type species, G. bicolor, was also the type species for the previously-erected genus Tricheilostoma." 203640,Tricheilostoma greenwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tricheilostoma,greenwelli,,,,,"(Wallach & Boundy, 2005)","This species had been placed in the genus Guinea, which Hedges (2011) found to be a junior synonym of Tricheilostoma on the basis that the type species, G. bicolor, was also the type species for the previously-erected genus Tricheilostoma." 203641,Tricheilostoma sundewalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tricheilostoma,sundewalli,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)", 203643,Trilepida anthracina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,anthracina,,,,,"(Bailey, 1946)", 203648,Trilepida guayaquilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,guayaquilensis,,,,,"(Orejas-Miranda & Peters, 1970)", 203650,Trilepida macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,macrolepis,,,,,"(Peters, 1857)", 203653,Amerotyphlops costaricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,costaricensis,,,,,"(Jimenez & Savage, 1963)",Was previously listed on The IUCN Red List under the genus Typhlops but is now treated under Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 203655,Amerotyphlops tycherus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,tycherus,,,,,"(Townsend, Wilson, Ketzler & Luque-Montes, 2008)",Was previously listed on The IUCN Red List under the genus Typhlops but is now treated under Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 203660,Bothriechis nigroviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,nigroviridis,,,,,"Peters, 1859", 203663,Bothrops punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,punctatus,,,,,"(Garcia, 1896)", 203667,Lachesis acrochorda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Lachesis,acrochorda,,,,,"(Garcia, 1896)", 203668,Lachesis melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Lachesis,melanocephala,,,,,"Solórzano & Cerdas, 1986", 203669,Lachesis stenophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Lachesis,stenophrys,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 203674,Anolis tenorioensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tenorioensis,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 203675,Anolis benedikti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,benedikti,,,,,"Lotzkat, Bienentreu, Hertz & Köhler, 2011", 203676,Anolis pachypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pachypus,,,,,"Cope, 1876","Lotzkat et al. (2011) revised the taxonomy of Anolis pachypus, confining it to Panama and extreme southern Costa Rica. Records further north represent Anolis tropidolepis and A. magnaphallus." 203707,Anemina arcaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anemina,arcaeformis,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)","In the literature the species is usually mentioned as Anodonta (Anemina) arcaeformis. The Japanese populations are usually referred to as Anodonta arcaeformis flavotincta von Martens, 1905 and Anodonta arcaeformis suifunica Lindholm, 1925. The species Amuranodonta kijaensis is considered by Graf and Cummings (2007) to be a synonym of this species." 203723,Planorbella campanulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,campanulata,,,,,"(Say, 1821)","This species has three subspecies - P. campanulata campanulata (known from Saskatchewan, Canada), P. campanulata collinsi (known from Ontario, Canada), and P. campanulata smithi (known from the lower peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A.)." 203724,Amblema plicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Amblema,plicata,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 203726,Echis borkini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,borkini,,,,,"Cherlin, 1990","Cherlin (1990) described the subspecies Echis pyramidum borkini from western Yemen and southwest Saudi Arabia. Molecular evidence suggesting that Yemeni populations exhibit high sequence divergence from remaining members of this species complex was used to support recognition of E. borkini as a full species by Pook et al. (2009) and Stümpel and Joger (2009)." 203727,Echis khosatzkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,khosatzkii,,,,,"Cherlin, 1990", 203791,Agama africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,africana,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1844)","In their revision of West African Agama, Mediannikov et al. (2012) concluded on both molecular and morphological grounds that this form, previously considered a subspecies of A. agama, is a valid full species in its own right. Molecular evidence reported in this study also indicates that A. sylvanus specimens from the type locality of that species belong to A. africana, and A. sylvanus (=A. sylvana) is therefore considered a junior synonym of A. africana (Medianikov et al. 2012). Some populations previously treated as belonging to Agama bocourti are now considered to belong to A. agama, with the remainder assigned to A. africana (J.-F. Trape pers. comm. April 2012); A. bocourti is consequently no longer treated as a valid species (Mediannikov et al. 2012). Due to this series of taxonomic changes, the true distribution of this species is in need of clarification (Trape et al. 2012). The taxonomy of this form remains unsettled and is currently under review, although it is considered a valid species (P. Wagner pers. comm. July 2012)." 203792,Agama boensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,boensis,,,,,"Monard, 1940","This species was synonymized with Agama sankaranica and A. wieldholzi by Grandison (1968) based on an examination of the syntypes. Mediannikov et al. (2012) conducted morphological and molecular comparisons between specimens of A. sankaranica from throughout its range and specimens from the A. boensis type locality agreeing with the original description of that species. The results of this work suggest that A. boensis should be recognized as a valid species (Mediannikov et al. 2012)." 203793,Agama boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,boulengeri,,,,,"Lataste, 1886","Northern and southern lineages of A. boulengeri, which are separated from one another by a 3 km stretch of unsuitable sandy habitat in the upper Gorgol el Aliod river valley, exhibit a higher degree of genetic differentiation than some recognized species of Agama do from one another (Goncalves et al. 2012). This has been taken as evidence that A. boulengeri contains an undescribed candidate species, and further sampling is required to clarify this (Goncalves et al. 2012)." 203794,Agama cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,cristata,,,,,"Mocqard, 1905","The status of this species, which was until recently known only from a single, damaged specimen, has long been uncertain (Trape 2011). The action by Wagner et al. (2009) in synonymizing the similarly poorly-known A. insularis within this form added further confusion. These authors did not however compare the diagnostic midbody scale rows of the A. cristata holotype with those of A. insularis (only with A. boulengeri), and so although all specimens examined in this paper were validly attributed to A. insularis, the synonymy of the two taxa was in made in error (Trape 2011). Recent molecular work confirms that these two species belong to distinct clades (Mediannikov et al. 2012). Confusion over the identity of these species was exacerbated by uncertainty over the type locality of A. cristata, which the original description gives only as Sankaran in ""Soudan Français"" (modern Mali) (Trape 2011). The Sankaran region extends over a large area encompassing parts of Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire as well as southern Mali. Wagner (2009) give the type locality as ""Bomanesco, Sankaran, Guinea"", associating the unknown locality ""Bomanesco"" (taken from museum record books but not given in the original description - J-F. Trape pers. comm. May 2012) with Massouia in Guinea, assuming the A. cristata type locality to be the same as that for A. sankaranica (of which some authors had treated A. cristata as a junior synonym - Wagner et al. 2009). The identity and location of ""Bomanesco"" remain unknown, although the ""Soudan Français"" reference suggests a locality in Mali. Mediannikov et al. (2012) list it as a Malian locality with the proviso ""not located""." 203795,Agama doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,doriae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","Two subspecies are presently recognized, and preliminary molecular data indicates that these belong to two distinct lineages that warrant recognition as species: Agama doriae in the Horn of Africa and the Sudans, and A. benueensis for populations from West and Central Africa (Wagner et al. in litt.), as suggested by Moody and Böhme (1984). This account retains the current species concept, in which A. d. benueensis is treated as the western subspecies of A. doriae, pending publication of this revision." 203796,Agama insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,insularis,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1918","The validity of this species has historically been questioned, and it has variously been treated as a valid species or as a synonym of A. boulengeri (see Wagner et al. 2009 for a discussion). Wagner et al. (2009) re-examined the original material together with recently-collected specimens and concluded that A. insularis (to which they erroneously applied the name A. cristata, having incorrectly synonymized A. insularis within this species - Trape 2011) is a valid species, a conclusion supported by Trape (2011) and by recent molecular evidence (Mediannikov et al. 2012)." 203797,Agama paragama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,paragama,,,,,"Grandison, 1968", 203798,Agama sankaranica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,sankaranica,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1918","Some records previously assigned to this species in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau and western Guinea are attributable instead to Agama boensis (Mediannikov et al. 2012). The western limit of this lizard's range in Mali is in need of clarification (Mediannikov et al. 2012)." 203800,Agama tassiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,tassiliensis,,,,,"Geniez, Padial & Crochet, 2011","This species was previously included within Agama impalearis until recognized as distinct by Geniez et al. (2011), although the correct assignment of central Saharan populations had previously been queried (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). Specimens sampled from Tassil N'Ajjer exhibit a high level of genetic divergence from populations in the Aïr and Hoggar Mountains, suggesting that the taxonomy of this species is in need of further study (Goncalves et al. 2012)." 203801,Agama weidholzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,weidholzi,,,,,"Wettstein, 1932", 203803,Trapelus boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,boehmei,,,,,"Wagner, Melville, Wilms & Schmitz, 2011", 203805,Trapelus schmitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,schmitzi,,,,,"Wagner & Böhme, 2006", 203806,Baikia africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Baikia,africana,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 203807,Cynisca degrysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,degrysi,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1941)", 203808,Cynisca gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,gansi,,,,,"Dunger, 1968", 203809,Cynisca haugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,haugi,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1904)", 203810,Cynisca kigomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,kigomensis,,,,,"Dunger, 1968", 203811,Cynisca leonina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,leonina,,,,,"(Müller, 1885)", 203812,Cynisca leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,leucura,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 203814,Cynisca liberiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,liberiensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1878)","Gans (1987) indicates that the name Amphisbaenia lamottei ""is available for the high-[scale] count population of Cynisca liberiensis"", and Gans (2005) recognizes Cynisca lamottei as a valid species known only from the types. Neither work, however, took any formal taxonomic action and C. lamottei is not generally recognized as a valid species (Uetz and Hallerman 2010). In their report on a specimen of ""Cynisca cf. liberiensis"" from the Mt Nimba area, Böhme et al. (2011) refer to the specimens Gans (1987, 2005) assign to C. lamottei as C. liberiensis." 203815,Cynisca muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,muelleri,,,,,"(Strauch, 1881)", 203816,Cynisca nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,nigeriensis,,,,,"Dunger, 1968", 203817,Cynisca oligopholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,oligopholis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 203818,Cynisca rouxae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,rouxae,,,,,"Hahn, 1979", 203819,Cynisca williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,williamsi,,,,,"Gans, 1987", 203820,Trioceros affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,affinis,,,,,"(Rüppel, 1845)","A recent molecular phylogeny suggests that Trioceros affinis is likely to be a species complex potentially containing two separate species (Ceccarelli et al. 2014), but more comprehensive sampling is needed to confirm this." 203821,Trioceros balebicornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,balebicornutus,,,,,"(Tilbury, 1998)", 203822,Trioceros camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,camerunensis,,,,,"(Müller, 1909)","There are no taxonomic issues at present, although this species can be confused with female Trioceros montium (Tilbury 2010)." 203823,Trioceros conirostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,conirostratus,,,,,"(Tilbury, 1998)", 203824,Trioceros hanangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,hanangensis,,,,,"Krause & Böhme, 2010","This species was formerly thought to be a population of Trioceros sternfeldi (Tilbury 2010), but was recently described as Trioceros hanangensis by Krause and Böhme (2010). Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial markers (Jan Stipala unpub. data 2013) suggests that the ""T. sternfeldi"" population in the Ngorongoro crater highlands is more closely related to T. hanangensis than to T. sternfeldi. However, the phylogenetic trees were not fully resolved and no nuclear markers were included, so further research is needed." 203825,Trioceros harennae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,harennae,,,,,"(Largen, 1995)", 203826,Trioceros kinetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,kinetensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1943)", 203827,Trioceros nyirit,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,nyirit,,,,,"Stipala, Lutzmánn, Malonza, Borghesio, Wilkinson, Godley & Evans, 2011", 203828,Trioceros perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,perreti,,,,,"(Klaver & Böhme, 1992)",The subgenus Chamaeleo (Trioceros) was elevated to generic rank by Tilbury and Tolley (2009). Barej et al. (2010) elevated the former subspecies to species rank based on molecular and morphological differences from the nominate taxon. Accepted as Trioceros perreti in Tolley and Herrel (2014) and Glaw (2015). 203829,Trioceros serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,serratus,,,,,"(Mertens, 1922)","Tilbury and Tolley (2009) elevated the former subgenus Chamaeleo (Trioceros) to generic rank. Mertens (1940) synonymized Chamaeleon (=Chamaeleo) serratus within Chamaeleo wiedersheimi on the basis that specimens examined, including those from the Bamenda Highlands, were indistinguishable from a C. wiedersheimi paratype from the same locality. This view was subsequently supported with reference to additional material and the original description (Mertens 1968, Klaver and Böhme 1992). The holotype of C. serratus, with the unspecific locality ""Südkamerun"", is lost, and was probably destroyed during World War II (Klaver and Böhme 1992), so has never been available for comparison. Combined morphological and molecular research by Barej et al. (2010) found that Bamenda specimens belong to a clade separate from Trioceros wiedersheimi. Designating a neotype for T. serratus, these authors therefore resurrected this name for the newly-recognized species, fixing the type locality as Belo, Mt Oku, and removed it from synonymy with T. wiedersheimi. The two species are, however, difficult to distinguish morphologically, and the distributional limits of these two taxa are in need of resolution (Barej et al. 2010)." 203831,Hemitheconyx taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Hemitheconyx,taylori,,,,,"Parker, 1930", 203833,Cnemaspis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,gigas,,,,,"Perret, 1986", 203834,Cnemaspis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,occidentalis,,,,,"Angel, 1943", 203835,Cnemaspis petrodroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,petrodroma,,,,,"Perret, 1986", 203836,Cnemaspis spinicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,spinicollis,,,,,"(Müller, 1907)", 203837,Hemidactylus angulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,angulatus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1854","This widespread African gecko was formerly considered a subspecies of Hemidactylus brookii, and was elevated to species level by Carranza and Arnold (2006). Hemidactylus albituberculatus, known from scattered sites from Togo to Cameroon, was recently recognized as distinct from H. angulatus, however, true H. angulatus is still considered to occur in areas occupied by the new species (Trape et al. 2012).

Subpopulations from the New World were assigned to the subspecies Hemidactylus brookii haitianus which is now synonymized with H. angulatus (Rosler and Glaw (2010)." 203838,Hemidactylus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 203839,Hemidactylus beninensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,beninensis,,,,,"Bauer, Tchibozo, Pauwels & Lenglet, 2006", 203841,Hemidactylus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,fasciatus,,,,,"Gray, 1842",This is a widespread rainforest species complex but ranges of the new species need clarification. It seems to occur only in undisturbed forest (P. Wagner and J. Penner pers. comm. 2012). 203842,Hemidactylus lamaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,lamaensis,,,,,"Ullenbruch, Grell & Böhme, 2010", 203845,Hemidactylus matschiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,matschiei,,,,,"(Tornier, 1901)", 203846,Hemidactylus muriceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,muriceus,,,,,"Peters, 1870",Ongoing taxonomic revision of this taxon suggests that populations currently assigned to this species from Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo may represent a distinct species. 203848,Lygodactylus conraui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,conraui,,,,,"Tornier, 1902", 203849,Lygodactylus fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,fischeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890", 203850,Lygodactylus gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,gutturalis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1873)","The records provided for Lygodactylus gutturalis by Lanza (1990) correspond to two of the localities provided for L. picturatus keniensis (now L. keniensis) by Loveridge (1947), and presumably represent this latter species as L. gutturalis is not considered to occur in Somalia." 203851,Lygodactylus thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,thomensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)","L. Ceriaco (pers. comm. 2020) considers the three recognized subspecies, Lygodactylus t. thomensis, L. t. delicatus and L. t. wermuthi, to be distinct species." 203852,Tropiocolotes somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,somalicus,,,,,"Parker, 1942", 203879,Boa imperator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Boa,imperator,,,,,"Daudin, 1803","

Hynková et al. (2009) suggested that Boa imperator is likely to warrant recognition as a full species. This arrangement was further supported by Reynolds et al. (2014) and is followed here. Two subspecies are recognized: B. i. imperator and B. i. sabogae (Reynolds and Henderson, in press).

" 203880,Anolis aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,aeneus,,,,,"Gray, 1840", 203881,Anolis distichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,distichus,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 203882,Anolis equestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,equestris,,,,,"Merrem, 1820", 203883,Anolis extremus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,extremus,,,,,"Garman, 1887","Genetically this species is nested within Anolis roquet from Martinique based on mtDNA results reported by Thorpe et al. (2005). If this result is supported by other genetic markers this would render A. roquet paraphyletic. Further research is needed to support this conclusion, as it is possible that the mtDNA results represent hybridization events. This research may reveal that A. extremus should be considered a junior synonym of A. roquet, or that some of the Martinique populations should be assigned to A. extremus." 203884,Anolis garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,garmani,,,,,"Stejneger, 1899", 203885,Anolis leachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,leachii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 203886,Anolis maynardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,maynardi,,,,,"Garman, 1888", 203887,Anolis porcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,porcatus,,,,,"Gray, 1840", 203888,Anolis richardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,richardii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 203889,Anolis trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,trinitatis,,,,,"Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862", 203890,Anolis wattsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,wattsi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894","The Barbuda subspecies Anolis wattsi forresti is considered a full species by some authors following Roughgarden (1995), but no work appears to exist following up on this proposed arrangement and it requires verification. Lazell (1972) observed that the two species intergrade in extreme northern Antigua and nearby islands, and although it is considered plausible that the Barbuda taxon is distinct (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2019) the islands of the Antigua Bank were connected as recently as 10,000 years ago. This assessment follows Lazell (1972) and Hedges et al. (2019) in treating A. w. forresti as a subspecies pending further research." 20411,Sorex samniticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,samniticus,,,,,"Altobello, 1926","Formerly included in S. araneus, but now recognised as a distinct species (Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 20429,Spalax giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,giganteus,,,,,"Nehring, 1897", 20430,Spalax microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,microphthalmus,,,,,"Guldenstaedt, 1770", 20706,Stagnicola utahensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,utahensis,,,,,"(Call, 1884)", 20707,Stagnicola bonnevillensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,bonnevillensis,,,,,"Call, 1884", 20724,Stegastes sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)", 20854,Stiobia nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Stiobia,nana,,,,,"F.G. Thompson, 1978", 20939,Strophitus connasaugaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Strophitus,connasaugaensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1858)","

Some confusion exists as to the boundary of this species with S. subvexus: Williams et al. (2008) confined S. subvexus to the Tombigbee and Black Warrior River drainages, and S. connasaugensis to eastern drainages of the Mobile Basin. However, individuals resembling S. subvexus can sometimes be found in eastern reaches of the Mobile basin and individuals resembling S. connasaugaensis can occasionally be found in the Black Warrior and Tombigbee River drainages.  The confusion exists due variable shell morphology (J. Cordeiro pers. comm. 2012).

" 20,Abronia montecristoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,montecristoi,,,,,"Hidalgo, 1983", 2111,Neoarius taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Neoarius,taylori,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 21120,Stypodon signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Stypodon,signifer,,,,,"Garman, 1881", 21129,Succinea philippinica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Succinea,philippinica,,,,,"von Möllendorff, 1893","

Succinea philippinica was described from the Philippines (Möllendorff 1893), but specimen material subsequently collected from Peleliu (Beliliou) in the Palau group (Smith (1993) and Yap in the Federated States of Micronesia (Zilch (1978) and BPBM records, C. Christensen pers. comm.) have been identified as being conspecific. It is presently unclear whether this is a widely distributed species that is indigenous to the Philippines, FSM and Palau, or whether a different species is endemic to Palau and/or FSM, but current understanding of succineid biogeography would suggest that a single species widely distributed over disparate islands is possible. Accordingly this assessment treats all records from Philippines, FSM and Palau as conspecific pending further research.

" 2113,Arius madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,madagascariensis,,,,,"Vaillant, 1894", 21249,Syncaris pacifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Syncaris,pacifica,,,,,"(Holmes, 1895)", 21250,Syncaris pasadenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Syncaris,pasadenae,,,,,"(Kingsley, 1897)", 21341,Takifugu niphobles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,niphobles,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 21342,Takifugu poecilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,poecilonotus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 21343,Takifugu xanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,xanthopterus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 21584,Telmatobius peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,peruvianus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1834","Previous records of this species from Putre, Parinacota Province, Chile, have been assigned to T. marmoratus based on phylogenetic analyses (Sáez et al. 2014)." 21736,Thermophis baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thermophis,baileyi,,,,,"(Wall, 1907)", 2173,Nilssonia nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Nilssonia,nigricans,,,,,"(Anderson, 1875)","

Anderson (1875) described it as Trionyx nigricans from the pond at the Hazrat Sultan Bayazid Bostami Shrine in Nasirabad near Chittagong, Bangladesh. Subsequent authors believed that the species either became extinct in the wild (Pritchard 1979, Groombridge 1982) or that it ‘descended from introduced individuals of the more widespread Trionyx gangeticus’ (Groombridge 1982, Khan 1987) or of N. hurum (Rashid 1990). Using mainly skull osteology as well as coloration and pattern characters, Praschag and Gemel (2002) recognized it from northeast India as Aspideretes nigricans. Based on molecular data, Engstrom et al. (2004) and Praschag et al. (2007) transferred the genus Aspideretes Hay, 1903 into synonymy of Nilssonia (Gray, 1872). See Praschag and Gemel (2002) for discussion of taxonomic distinction from other large Asian softshell species.

" 2174,Nilssonia leithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Nilssonia,leithii,,,,,"(Gray, 1872)", 21855,Thryssa scratchleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,scratchleyi,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 21981,Tomistoma schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Tomistoma,schlegelii,,,,,"(Müller, 1838)","

The evolutionary relationship of Tomistoma with other crocodilians was debated for many years, and the species was usually aligned with the true crocodiles (Crocodylidae) based on morphological evidence (Norell 1989, Tarsitano et al. 1989, Brochu 1997). Molecular studies since the 1980s suggest a closer relationship to Gavialis (Densmore 1983, Densmore and Dessauer 1984, Gatesy and Amato 1992, Harshman et al. 2003, McAliley et al. 2006). A recent molecular study found that Tomistoma shares gene sequences with Gavialis which are absent from Crocodylus, Mecistops (see Shirley 2010) and Osteolaemus, suggesting Tomistoma should be placed within the family Gavialidae (Willis et al. 2007).

" 21994,Torquigener brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,brevipinnis,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 22003,Totoaba macdonaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Totoaba,macdonaldi,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 22013,Toxolasma cylindrellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Toxolasma,cylindrellus,,,,,"(Lea, 1868)", 22091,Tribolonotus ponceleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,ponceleti,,,,,"Kinghorn, 1937", 22383,Truncatella guerinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TRUNCATELLIDAE,Truncatella,guerinii,,,,,"Villa & Villa, 1841", 22423,Juturnia brunei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Juturnia,brunei,,,,,"(Taylor, 1987)", 22425,Tryonia ericae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,ericae,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 22593,Typhlatya monae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,monae,,,,,"Chace, 1954", 2271,Ataeniobius toweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Ataeniobius,toweri,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)","The female Holotype of this species was collected by W. L. Tower in August 1903 in the Río Verde and described by S. E. Meek in 1904 as Goodea toweri. in 1939, Hubbs & Turner placed the Bluetail Splitfin in the monotypic genus Ataeniobius. No subpopulations are distinguished." 22959,Videna electra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TROCHOMORPHIDAE,Videna,electra,,,,,"(Semper, 1873)", 22960,Videna oleacina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TROCHOMORPHIDAE,Videna,oleacina,,,,,"(Semper, 1874)", 22961,Videna pagodula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TROCHOMORPHIDAE,Videna,pagodula,,,,,"(Semper, 1873)", 22962,Videna pumila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TROCHOMORPHIDAE,Videna,pumila,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 22972,Obovaria choctawensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obovaria,choctawensis,,,,,"(Athearn, 1964)", 22973,Villosa fabalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Villosa,fabalis,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)", 23116,Xenoophorus captivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Xenoophorus,captivus,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1924)","The types Hubbs used in 1924 to describe Goodea captiva from Jésus María were collected in 1907 by S.E. Meek but regarded as Goodea atripinnis. In 1937, Hubbs and Turner transfered the species into the new erected genus Xenoophorus and described a second species in this genus, Xenoophorus erro from the Río Santa María. In 1939 they described from endorheic streams near Venado and Moctezuma a third one, Xenoophorus exsul. J. Fitzsimons (1979) finally synonymized the last two species with Xenoophorsu captivus as he couldn't find any differences. According to three separate drainages, three subpopulations can be distinguished: The Río Santa María subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Matehuala subpopulation from Venado and Moctezuma and the Illescas subpopulation, that inhabited the endorheic springs near Illescas and which is regarded Extinct in the Wild." 23155,Xiphophorus clemenciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,clemenciae,,,,,"Álvarez, 1959", 23157,Xiphophorus gordoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,gordoni,,,,,"Miller & Minckley, 1963", 23158,Xiphophorus meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,meyeri,,,,,"Schartl & Schröder, 1988", 245,Acipenser oxyrinchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,oxyrinchus,,,,,"Mitchill, 1815","Atlantic Surgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, is broadly thought to be closely related to, if not synonymous with, the European Sea Sturgeon, A. sturio (Artyukihn and Vescei 1999). This is due to the substantial morphological similarity of the two species (Vladykov and Greeley, 1963; Vasil’eva, 2010: fig. 3.2; but see Desse-Berset (2011a) for morphological characters separating the two species, and Panagiotopoulou et al. (2014) for methods of genetic discrimination). These species share similar karyotypes and cytogenetic features (Fontana et al. 2008) and in all cladistic-based analyses of sturgeon relationships using both morphological and molecular data, the two are recovered as sister-taxa. Vladykov (1955) distinguished the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico populations (separated by peninsular Florida) of A. oxyrinchus separate subspecies (East Coast populations designated the Atlantic Sturgeon, A. o. oxyrinchus, and the Gulf of Mexico populations designated the Gulf Sturgeon, A. o. desotoi) based on the length of the head, pectoral fins, and spleen and the development and shape of the scutes, a difference in number of gill rakers on the first arch, and a larger pyloric cecum." 97358453,Batagur baska,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Batagur,baska,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","Praschag et al. (2007, 2008) demonstrated that the widespread species Batagur baska comprised at least two genetically distinct species, and separated out B. affinis for the southern species occupying southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra in Indonesia, retaining the name B. baska for the more northern species from India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar." 269,Acomys minous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,minous,,,,,"Bate, 1906","Acomys minous is a poorly defined species. Likely to be part of Acomys cahirinus but currently recognized as valid (see Barome et al. 2001, and Musser and Carleton 2005 for discussion). Studies by Frynta et al. (2010) and Giagia-Athanasopoulou et al. (2011) also support that this is a subspecies of A. cahirinus." 271,Acomys nesiotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,nesiotes,,,,,"Bate, 1903","Acomys nesiotes is a poorly defined species. Likely to be part of Acomys cahirinus but currently recognized as valid (see Barome et al. 2001, and Musser and Carleton 2005 for discussion). Studies by Frynta et al. (2010) and Giagia-Athanasopoulou et al. (2011) also support that this is a subspecies of A. cahirinus." 2774,Betta hipposideros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,hipposideros,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1994", 2845,Boettgeria obesiuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Boettgeria,obesiuscula,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1863)", 29411,Ptychoglossus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,myersi,,,,,"Harris, 1994", 29422,Tantilla vulcani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,vulcani,,,,,"Campbell, 1998", 29432,Ameerega planipaleae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,planipaleae,,,,,"(Morales & Velazco, 1998)", 29468,Anolis wermuthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,wermuthi,,,,,"(Kõhler & Obermeier, 1998)",Was under Iguanidae. 29481,Chapinophis xanthocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Chapinophis,xanthocheilus,,,,,"Campbell & Smith, 1998",This species is the sole member of its genus. 29605,Cyclura stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,stejnegeri,,,,,"Barbour & Noble, 1916","The Mona Rhinoceros Iguana is currently recognized as a distinct species, Cyclura stejnegeri (ITWG 2016). Prior to 2000, it was considered a subspecies in the group including Cyclura cornuta cornuta from Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri from Mona Island, Puerto Rico, and Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis, which presumably went extinct on Navassa Island in the mid-19th century (Powell 1999)." 19243030,Brachylophus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Brachylophus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Brongniart, 1800)","

Prior to analysis by Keogh et al. (2008), all the banded iguanas were lumped as this single species. The Lau Banded Iguana (Brachylophus fasciatus) is now recognized as distinct from the Fiji Banded Iguana (Brachylophus bulabula). Most previous references pertaining to iguanas in central Fiji are now attributed to B. bulabula. This taxonomic change includes references to the introduced population on Vanuatu, now described as B. bulabula (Bauer 1988, Keogh et al. 2008). The introduced population on Tonga remains as B. fasciatus.

 

Recent unpublished data finds some morphological and colour variability between islands in the Lau Group, but genetically these populations have less inter-island variability than within the other two species of Brachylophus. The systematics of the iguanas on the islands in the northern Lau Group (north of Tuvuca) is unknown, but for now they will be retained within this taxon." 29650,Erinaceus europaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Erinaceus,europaeus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 29655,Crocidura sicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,sicula,,,,,"Miller, 1900", 2965,Brachylophus vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Brachylophus,vitiensis,,,,,"Gibbons, 1981","Recent genetic data (Keogh et al. 2008) have shown that each subpopulation (island) of this species is genetically unique.  This data, along with many morphological characters, clearly define this species, although the observed genetic inter-island variability might be consistent with subspecific differences after further assessment." 29663,Sorex coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,coronatus,,,,,"Millet, 1828", 29664,Sorex granarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,granarius,,,,,"Miller, 1910", 3070,Breviceps macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,macrops,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907", 3764,Canthigaster rapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,rapaensis,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1977","The genus Canthigaster is hypothesized to undergo fast morphological/color differentiation and slow mtDNA evolution (Randall et al. 2008)." 3851,Carcharhinus limbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,limbatus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 3852,Carcharhinus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,obscurus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1818)",The Dusky Shark is extremely similar genetically and morphologically to the Galapagos Shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis). These species share mitochondrial DNA haplotypes but are distinguishable based on single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) (Corrigan et al. 2017) and also occupy different habitats (insular vs. continental). 3853,Carcharhinus plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,plumbeus,,,,,"(Nardo, 1827)", 3854,Carcharias taurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,ODONTASPIDIDAE,Carcharias,taurus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 3898,Carettochelys insculpta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CARETTOCHELYIDAE,Carettochelys,insculpta,,,,,"Ramsay, 1886","

Carettochelys insculpta is the only surviving extant member of the genus Carettochelys and the family Carettochelyidae, a formerly widespread turtle family dating back to the Eocene and previously occurring across Asia and much of the rest of the globe. As such, it is considered a deep phylogenetic lineage with high-priority conservation needs, a so-called EDGE species (Evolutionarily Distinct, Globally Endangered). The common name in Indonesian Papua is Kura-kura Moncong Babi and the common name in Papua New Guinea is Piku. 

" 39296,Typhlias pearsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Typhlias,pearsei,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1938)","Originally described by Hubbs as Typhlias, subsequent authors synonymized it with Ogilbia (Cohen and Nielsen 1978) and Typhliasina (Whitley 1951). Although the latter name has dominated the recent literature (e.g., Nielsen 2003, Miller et al. 2005, Møller et al. 2004, Møller et al. 2016), Scharpf (2017) resurrected Typhlias arguing that the names Ogilbia and Typhliasina were unnecessary in the first place." 39315,Microtus gerbei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,gerbei,,,,,"(Gerbe, 1879)","Some authors consider Microtus pyrenaicus a synonym of Microtus gerbei, although there is debate about which name is appropriate (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 39324,Notorynchus cepedianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HEXANCHIFORMES,HEXANCHIDAE,Notorynchus,cepedianus,,,,,"(Péron, 1807)", 162293947,Centrophorus granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,granulosus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","This is the revised taxonomic concept of Centrophorus grandulosus, which includes C. lusitanucs as a junior synonym; C. lesliei and C. longipinnis are also now split out as newly recognised species." 39331,Squatina occulta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,occulta,,,,,"Vooren & da Silva, 1991","There is some controversy concerning the taxonomy and nomenclature of Squatina species of the Southwest Atlantic. Squatina occulta described by Vooren and da Silva (1991) has been regarded as being a junior synonym of S. guggenheim by Soto (2001) in a species-level checklist of the region. Although evidence was not given to support this statement, Bernardes et al. (2005) followed Soto’s proposal. However, later studies have re-evaluated the species’ validity. The validity of S. occulta Vooren and da Silva, 1991 as a distinct species has been confirmed through the study of mitochondrial DNA by Stelbrink et al. (2010) and in a comparative study of Southwest Atlantic Squatina neurocrania (Carvalho et al. 2012). Both studies also recognized S. argentina, S. guggenheim, and S. occulta as the only valid species in the Southwest Atlantic (preceding the description of new species since that time, S. david and S. varii).

Some confusion exists regarding the publication date of the description of S. occulta (Faria et al. 2014). Some taxonomic literature sources list 1991 as the publication date while others list 1992. This confusion is probably due to the distribution of pre-prints of the article in 1991 before the full issue of the journal was printed in 1992. According to The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the publication date of the S. occulta description is 1991. There has also been discrepancy in referencing the species authority for S. occulta, particularly the name of the second author (Faria et al. 2014); K.G. da Silva’s surname has been spelled ‘da Silva’, ‘Da Silva’, and ‘Silva’. Faria et al. (2014) suggested using the one in the revisions by Vaz and Carvalho (2013) and in online taxonomic databases. Thus, the recommended citation is S. occulta Vooren & da Silva, 1991." 39336,Odontaspis noronhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,ODONTASPIDIDAE,Odontaspis,noronhai,,,,,"(Maul, 1955)", 39341,Isurus oxyrinchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,LAMNIDAE,Isurus,oxyrinchus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 39347,Schroederichthys bivius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Schroederichthys,bivius,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1838)", 39352,Galeorhinus galeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Galeorhinus,galeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 39359,Mustelus canis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,canis,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","This species is comprised of two valid subspecies: Mustelus canis canis occurs on the continental shelf, whereas M. c. insularis occurs on insular shelves in the Caribbean (Heemstra 1997, Ebert et al. 2013)." 39368,Carcharhinus brevipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,brevipinna,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 39372,Carcharhinus leucas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,leucas,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 39374,Carcharhinus longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,longimanus,,,,,"(Poey, 1861)", 39378,Galeocerdo cuvier,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Galeocerdo,cuvier,,,,,"(Péron & Lesueur, 1822)", 39380,Negaprion brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Negaprion,brevirostris,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 39381,Prionace glauca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Prionace,glauca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 39385,Sphyrna lewini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,lewini,,,,,"(Griffith & Smith, 1834)", 39386,Sphyrna mokarran,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,mokarran,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 39388,Sphyrna zygaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,zygaena,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 39411,Fluvitrygon signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fluvitrygon,signifer,,,,,"(Compagno & Roberts, 1982)","Himantura signifer, H. kittipongi, and H. oxyrhynchus were placed within the newly described genus Fluvitrygon (Last et al. 2016a). This species is most similar to H. kittipongi, from which it differs in having no thorny denticles on the tail and a pale edge to the disc (Last et al. 2016b)." 195849722,Cyclemys dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cyclemys,dentata,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Until recently, the various forms of this species complex were thought to represent just a single species, Cyclemys dentata, but are now recognized as representing a complex of six full species: C. atripons Iverson & McCord, 1997 (KH, TH); C. dentata (BN, ID, TH, MY, SG), C. enigmatica Fritz et al., 2008 (BN?, ID, MY, SG); C. fusca Fritz et al., 2008 (MM); C. gemeli Fritz et al., 2008 (BD, IN); C. oldhamii Gray, 1863 (ID, LA, MM, MY, TH, VN); and C. pulchristriata Fritz, Gaulke & Lehr, 1997 (VN). Their conservation status was not assessed previously because the taxonomy and distribution remain in flux; it was considered likely that some taxa would be threatened." 39552,Geoemyda spengleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Geoemyda,spengleri,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 39554,Pangshura smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Pangshura,smithii,,,,,"(Gray, 1863)","

Two subspecies are recognised, Pangshura smithii smithii (Gray, 1863) and P. s. pallidipes (Moll, 1987). Traditionally placed in the genus Kachuga, it was assigned to the subgenus Pangshura by Moll (1987); Pangshura was elevated to genus level by Das (2001). 

" 123770834,Malayemys subtrijuga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Malayemys,subtrijuga,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1845)", 39596,Heosemys depressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Heosemys,depressa,,,,,"(Anderson, 1875)", 39599,Siebenrockiella leytensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Siebenrockiella,leytensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)",Appeared in IUCN Red Lists prior to 2007 under the generic names Heosemys and Geoemyda. 39613,Mauremys mutica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Mauremys,mutica,,,,,"(Cantor, 1842)", 39616,Siebenrockiella crassicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Siebenrockiella,crassicollis,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 39618,Nilssonia gangetica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Nilssonia,gangetica,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1825)", 39619,Nilssonia hurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Nilssonia,hurum,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 39621,Rafetus swinhoei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Rafetus,swinhoei,,,,,"(Gray, 1873)","Le et al. (2014) concluded that the Yangtze and Red River subpopulations of Rafetus swinhoei do not show significant genetic divergence and do not warrant recognition as separate evolutionary significant units for conservation management. However, it appears that Le et al. (2014) did not actually have any samples from the Yangtze subpopulation, only samples from the Vietnamese and Chinese parts of the Red River catchment. Chen (2015) found two distinct mtDNA lineages of R. swinhoei which are roughly 2.8% divergent from each other (Cytochrome B and NADH dehydrogenase 4), one represented by Red River specimens and the second one by a Shanghai museum specimen of unknown origin. In the meantime, tissue samples from the male of Suzhou Zoo and the female of Changsha Zoo proved to be concordant with the Shanghai museum specimen (H. Chen pers. comm.). This points to a possibility that the Yangtze and the Red River subpopulations may represent separate taxa at least at the level of subspecies. In that case the Yangtze subpopulation would represent the nominate form Rafetus swinhoei swinhoei and the Vietnamese and Chinese Red River subpopulation the subspecies Rafetus swinhoei leloii." 3,Aaadonta angaurana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Aaadonta,angaurana,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 40103,Somatogyrus virginicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,virginicus,,,,,"Walker, 1904",Synonymy of species previously thought as distinct has increased the range of this species (J. Cordeiro pers. comm. 2012). 4040,Catostomus cahita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,cahita,,,,,"Siebert & Minckley, 1986", 4045,Catostomus leopoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,leopoldi,,,,,"Siebert & Minckley, 1986", 4046,Catostomus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,microps,,,,,"Rutter, 1908", 4049,Catostomus santaanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,santaanae,,,,,"(Snyder, 1908)", 4051,Catostomus warnerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,warnerensis,,,,,"Snyder, 1908", 4053,Catostomus snyderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,snyderi,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 40711,Stegastes sanctipauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,sanctipauli,,,,,"Lubbock & Edwards, 1981","The specific name for this taxon is sometimes also spelt as santipaulae, santipaule and santipauli." 40761,Leucocephalon yuwonoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Leucocephalon,yuwonoi,,,,,"(McCord, Iverson & Boeadi, 1995)","Was treated under the generic name Geoemyda in the 1996 IUCN Red List. The genus was changed to Heosemys in the 2000 IUCN Red List. Now reassigned to a new monotypic genus, Leucocephalon (A. Rhodin pers. comm.)." 41064,Pseudobatos horkelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,horkelii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos." 41214,Isanophis boonsongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Isanophis,boonsongi,,,,,"(Taylor & Elbel, 1958)","The relationship between this species and Parahelicops annamensis has long been uncertain (David et al. 2015), due to poor knowledge of variation in both taxa. With access to a series of 13 specimens of P. annamensis David et al. (2015) were able to redescribe both species and, based on the results of their analysis, erected the new genus Isanophis containing the single species I. boonsongi." 41305,Lepus corsicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,corsicanus,,,,,"de Winton, 1898","Formerly included in Lepus capensis or L. europaeus, see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Petter (1961), but see also Palacios et al. (1989) and Pierpaoli et al. (1999) who provided evidence of their specific distinctness (see also below).

The taxonomic status of L. corsicanus has been uncertain since its first description by de Winton in 1898. Its species rank was soon rejected by Miller (1912) and others, who considered L. corsicanus a subspecies of L. europaeus. However, Palacios (1996) studied historical museum specimen and described new morphological traits that provided phenotypic support for the species rank of the Corsican Hare. Recent molecular studies confirmed that L. corsicanus is a phylogenetically distinct species, which can be identified by concordant morphological and mtDNA traits. It is reproductively isolated and apparently does not hybridize with sympatric L. europaeus in continental Italy (Mengoni et al. 2014), however, in Corsica, Pietri, Alves and Melo-Ferreira (2011) discovered a few hybrids resulting from crossbreeding of L. corsicanus with L. europaeus and L. granatensis. Phylogenetical analyses suggested that corsicanus and europaeus are not closely related sister taxa, but belong to distinct evolutionary lineages that dispersed in western Europe in different periods during the early Pleistocene. L. corsicanus probably differentiated in isolated refuges in southern Italy during the last glaciation. Recently, it has been hypothesized that L. corsicanus and L. castroviejoi are conspecific, based on molecular studies (Alves et al. 2008)." 41306,Lepus granatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,granatensis,,,,,"Rosenhauer, 1856","Lepus granatensis was formerly included in L. europaeus or L. capensis; but see Palacios (1983, 1989), and Bonhomme et al. (1986). The population of hares in Sardinia, to which the names mediterraneus Wagner, 1841 and typicus Hilzheimer, 1906, are applied, in the past have been assigned to this species based on Miller (1912), who regarded it as closest to granatensis, though he retained it as a ""...very distinct species"" because of its small size. If in the future mediterraneus is confirmed as a synonym of granatensis, it has priority over granatensis. The Sardinian population is included in L. capensis until its taxonomic status is resolved. L. granatensis is parapatric with L. europaeus in northern Spain, and in this region mtDNA from granatensis has been found in populations of europaeus. Molecular phylogeny has shown that L. granatensis is indeed a full species and one of three hare species present on the Iberian Peninsula (Alves et al. 2003, Estonba et al. 2006). Previous questions regarding taxonomic distinction of L. granatensis from L. capensis have been resolved by genetic and morphological comparisons (Mitchell-Jones et al. 1999, Alves et al. 2003).

There are three subspecies: Lepus granatensis granatensis (Iberian Peninsula except northwest), L. g. gallaecius (northwest Spain, Galiza, and central Asturias), L. g. solisi (Mallorca Island) (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016,  Alves and Acevedo 2018)." 41479,Talpa caeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,caeca,,,,,"Savi, 1822", 41483,Talpa occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,occidentalis,,,,,"Cabrera, 1907", 41484,Talpa romana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,romana,,,,,"Thomas, 1902", 41485,Talpa stankovici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,stankovici,,,,,"V. Martino & E. Martino, 1931", 41736,Carcharhinus galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,galapagensis,,,,,"(Snodgrass & Heller, 1905)",The Galapagos Shark is extremely similar genetically and morphologically to the Dusky Shark (Carcharhinus obscurus). These species share mitochondrial DNA haplotypes but are distinguishable based on single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) (Corrigan et al. 2017) and also occupy different habitats (insular vs. continental). 41741,Carcharhinus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,brachyurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 41801,Echinorhinus brucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ECHINORHINIDAE,Echinorhinus,brucus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)",Genetics studies have led some researchers to suspect that there may be an undescribed species of Echinorhinus off Oman and elsewhere in the Arabian Sea region (Henderson et al. 2016). 41823,Heptranchias perlo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HEXANCHIFORMES,HEXANCHIDAE,Heptranchias,perlo,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 41830,Isistius brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Isistius,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 152781967,Squalus mitsukurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,mitsukurii,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1903","Squalus mitsukurii was once considered a globally distributed species, but recent morphological and genetic work suggests the species is restricted to temperate waters of Japan and Korea, and is possibly endemic to the Northwest Pacific (Pfleger et al. 2018, Ziadi-Künzli et al. 2020). The resolution of the species-complex is ongoing with further species likely being described in the future." 44185,Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fluvitrygon,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)","Himantura oxyrhynchus, H. signifer, and H. kittipongi and were placed within the newly described genus Fluvitrygon (Last et al. 2016a)." 44188,Ctenosaura flavidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,flavidorsalis,,,,,"Köhler & Klemmer, 1994", 44193,Ctenosaura quinquecarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,quinquecarinata,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","These iguanas are sometimes referred to in the literature as Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus Gray, 1845. A specimen that was originally described by Gray (1842) as Ctenosaura quinquecarinata was later re-examined as a novel species from México and named Ctenosaura oaxacana (Kohler and Hasbún 2001)." 44221,Apristurus parvipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,parvipinnis,,,,,"Springer & Heemstra, 1979", 44275,Cyclura lewisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,lewisi,,,,,"Grant, 1940","Originally described as a subspecies of the Cuban Rock Iguana (Cyclura macleayi lewisi Grant, 1940; Cyclura nubila lewisi sensu Schwartz and Thomas, 1975), this iguana was elevated to species-level by Burton (2004), supported by Malone et al. (2000) and S. Funk (unpublished data 2008)." 44461,Arius festinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,festinus,,,,,"Ng & Sparks, 2003", 44462,Arius uncinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,uncinatus,,,,,"Ng & Sparks, 2003",This species has recently been described by Ng and Sparks (2003a). This new taxon comprises the formerly referenced Arius sp. Ankofia and Arius sp.Lac Andrapongy. 44565,Mitsukurina owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,MITSUKURINIDAE,Mitsukurina,owstoni,,,,,"Jordan, 1898",There is a single extant species in the family Mitsukurinidae. 44566,Pseudotriakis microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE,Pseudotriakis,microdon,,,,,"de Brito Capello, 1868","Yano and Musick (1992) showed that morphometric characters used to separate Pacific Pseudotriakis acrales Jordan & Snyder, 1904 from Atlantic P. microdon de Brito Capello, 1868 did not differ significantly, and these authors confirmed P. acrales as a junior synonym of P. microdon. Pseudotriakis is thus a mono-specific genus." 44577,Benthobatis kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Benthobatis,kreffti,,,,,"Rincón, Stehmann & Vooren, 2001", 44578,Galeus mincaronei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,mincaronei,,,,,"Soto, 2001", 44581,Mustelus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1913)", 44582,Psammobatis bergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Psammobatis,bergi,,,,,"Marini, 1932", 44583,Psammobatis extenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Psammobatis,extenta,,,,,"(Garman, 1913)", 44586,Schroederichthys saurisqualus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Schroederichthys,saurisqualus,,,,,"Soto, 2001", 44587,Schroederichthys tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Schroederichthys,tenuis,,,,,"Springer, 1966", 130394197,Scyliorhinus haeckelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,haeckelii,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)","Soares et al. (2016) redescribed Scyliorhinus haekelii, placing S. besnardi Springer & Sadowsky, 1970 as a synonym. Species of Scyliorhinus were further reviewed and redescribed by Soares and De Carvalho (2019), who recognised 16 valid species. Soares and De Carvalho (2019) also revised the geographic distribution of S. haeckelii, restricting its range to the southwestern Atlantic from southern Bahia, Brazil, to northern Argentina." 44590,Scyliorhinus hesperius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,hesperius,,,,,"Springer, 1966", 44595,Rhinoptera brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,RHINOPTERIDAE,Rhinoptera,brasiliensis,,,,,"Müller, 1836","This species is sometimes confused with Rhinoptera bonasus, which can only be distinguished by counting the series of toothplates. Rhinoptera bonasus usually have seven series of plates in both jaws, while R. brasiliensis teeth are typically arranged in series of nine (Last et al. 2016)." 44597,Sympterygia bonapartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Sympterygia,bonapartii,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1841", 44598,Urotrygon microphthalmum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,microphthalmum,,,,,"Delsman, 1941", 44603,Euprotomicroides zantedeschia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Euprotomicroides,zantedeschia,,,,,"Hulley & Penrith, 1966",There are a number of errors in the original description (Hulley and Penrith 1966) which led Stehmann and Krefft (1988) to provide a detailed and accurate redescription. 44642,Sympterygia acuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Sympterygia,acuta,,,,,"Garman, 1877", 44644,Dipturus leptocaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,leptocaudus,,,,,"(Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)", 44645,Rajella sadowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,sadowskii,,,,,"(Krefft & Stehmann, 1974)", 44656,Gurgesiella dorsalifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Gurgesiella,dorsalifera,,,,,"McEachran & Compagno, 1980", 44666,Rhizoprionodon lalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Rhizoprionodon,lalandii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)","The specific name has been misspelled and consistently used in the literature as Rhizoprionodon lalandei, but the original spelling R. lalandii should be retained." 44674,Epinephelus coioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,coioides,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",This species is frequently mis-identified as Epinephelus malabaricus or E. tauvina in aquaculture and fisheries literature (Heemstra and Randall 1993). 44993,Discopyge tschudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Discopyge,tschudii,,,,,"Heckel, 1846", 4529,Characodon audax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Characodon,audax,,,,,"Smith & Miller, 1986","The male Holo- and female Allotype of this species were collected by R.R. Miller et al. in March 1982 at the type location, a pond at the Ojo de Agua de las Mujeres spring near El Toboso. Several Paratypes were collected with the both types and in 1985. The species was named Characodon sp. ""Coahuila"" before the description by A. Radda and M. Meyer to curtain the real locality of this species (Radda, pers. comm.). Several phylogenetic studies since about the late 1990's revealed, that Characodon populations N of the El Saltito falls, historically numbered among Characodon lateralis,  are closer related with Characodon audax and belong to this species. Taking in consideration its affiliation to different isolated springs and creeks, seven subpopulations can be distinguished: The El Toboso subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Los Pinos subpopulation, the Laguna Seca subpopulation, the El Garabato subpopulation, the Río La Sauceda subpopulation, the Pino Suarez subpopulation and the Victoria de Durango subpopulation. The last one is regarded Extinct." 4530,Characodon garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Characodon,garmani,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1898","Garman reported a single female collected by E. Palmer in the early 1890's from a spring or endorheic stream near Parras, Coahuila, but regarded it as Characodon lateralis. Jordan and Evermann, however, restricted lateralis to Central America following the designation given by Günther and renamed this individual from Parras Characodon garmani without examinating it. Meek again used the name Characodon garmani for individuals from the Mezquital river, too, as the name Characodon lateralis was occupied for fish from ""lowland streams from Central America, north to the state of Jalisco"". This directly led to Regan synonymizing both species as Characodon lateralis, as he couldn't find any difference between them (as, except for this single female, all fish came from the Mezquital drainage). Finally, it was Smith and Miller (1983) who re-examined the Holotype of garmani and accepted the species as valid." 4531,Characodon lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Characodon,lateralis,,,,,"Günther, 1866","The specimens A. Günther used for his description of Characodon lateralis in 1866 go back to fish being part of collections of the British Museum: Four females from a collection from B. Seemann, that he should have had ""obtained in Southern Middle America"" (Günther, 1969) and three females respectively two males from the Haslar collection, also with location data ""Middle-America"". Characodon garmani, described from a single female by Jordan and Evermann (1898) had been seen as synonym of lateralis by S.E. Meek in 1904,  but again accepted as separate species by Hubbs and Turner in 1939. Since about the late 1990's, it has become clear, that red finned Characodon populations north of the El Saltito falls, historically seen as Characodon lateralis, are closer related with the black finned Characodon audax from El Toboso and therefore belong to this species. Two subpopulations, the Los Berros subpopulation (regarded as type subpopulation) and the Amado Nervo subpopulation are distinguished. The second one is regarded Extinct in the Wild." 4585,Chasmistes brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Chasmistes,brevirostris,,,,,"Cope, 1879", 4586,Chasmistes cujus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Chasmistes,cujus,,,,,"Cope, 1883", 4589,Chasmistes muriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Chasmistes,muriei,,,,,"Miller & Smith, 1981", 4609,Chelodina pritchardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Chelodina,pritchardi,,,,,"Rhodin, 1994","Chelodina pritchardi is a distinct and recognized species, with an adequate description and diagnosis (Rhodin 1994, Georges et al. 2002, Georges and Thomson 2010, TTWG 2017). No subspecies or geographic variations are recognized, but it has not yet been genetically analyzed. It can be confused with the morphologically similar Chelodina novaeguineae, but the species do not occur sympatrically." 46370,Pangshura tecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Pangshura,tecta,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","

Traditionally placed in the genus Kachuga, it was assigned to the subgenus Pangshura by Moll (1987); Pangshura was elevated to genus level by Das (2001). Previously included tentoria and circumdata as subspecies.

" 46577,Pangshura tentoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Pangshura,tentoria,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)","

Three subspecies are generally recognized: Pangshura tentoria tentoria (Gray, 1834), P. t. circumdata (Mertens, 1969), and P. t. flaviventer Günther, 1864. Schleich and Kästle (2002) elevated flaviventer to full species due to co-occurrence with circumdata in Nepal, and documented intermediates which they interpreted as hybridization.

Traditionally placed in the genus Kachuga, it was assigned to the subgenus Pangshura by Moll (1987); Pangshura was elevated to genus level by Das (2001).

Appeared in IUCN Red Lists from 2000 to 2006 under the name Kachuga tentoria.

" 46578,Dogania subplana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Dogania,subplana,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809)", 123802477,Lissemys punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Lissemys,punctata,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1788)","Three subspecies are currently recognized, Lissemys punctata punctata (Bonnaterre, 1789), L. p. andersoni Webb, 1980, and L. p. vittata (Peters, 1854), following the most recent taxonomic review by Praschag et al. (2011), which also split off the Sri Lankan populations as a separate species, L. ceylonensis (Gray, 1856)." 46583,Alligator mississippiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Alligator,mississippiensis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 46584,Caiman crocodilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Caiman,crocodilus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Caiman crocodilus has four subspecies currently recognized:  C. c. crocodilus, C. c. fuscus, C. c. chiapasius, and C. c. apaporiensis. Caiman yacare previously was considered to be a fifth subspecies (i.e., C. c. yacare). However, it is now generally accepted as a full species (King and Burke 1989), and is no longer treated as a subspecies (Escobedo-Galván et al. 2011).

Busack and Pandya (2001), using morphological analysis, stated that there were no differences between subspecies. However, Venegas-Anaya et al. (2008), using mitochondrial DNA analysis, recognized three out of these four subspecies (no samples from C. c. apaporiensis used in this study) and delimited geographically distributions within the C. crocodilus complex. DNA analyses also suggest a geographic divergence in two groups: the Mesoamerican group including C. c. fuscus and C. c. chiapasius and the South American group, which includes C. c. crocodilus and C. yacare (Amato and Gatesby 1994; Venegas-Anaya et al. 2008).

Recent morphological analysis of the Apaporis River caiman (C. c. apaporiensis), based on holotype and paratypes skulls from the Chicago Field Museum (USA), corroborates a significant morphological differentiation with the rest of the C. crocodilus subspecies (Escobedo-Galván et al. 2015a) as reported by Frederico Medem in 1952. However, DNA analysis conducted with additional paratypes from Colombian collections showed that several of those skulls identified as C. c. apaporiensis in the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, National University of Colombia collection fall into the C. c. crocodilus clade (Bloor 2013). Nevertheless, a more in-depth study is being initiated in late 2018, to collect less fragmented DNA (from live individuals rather than ancient bones) and larger sample sizes (for both morphological and genetic analyses), which will hopefully provide new evidence on the validity of this subspecies.


" 46585,Caiman latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Caiman,latirostris,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 46586,Caiman yacare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Caiman,yacare,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","

The species is closely related to, and approximately 6 mya, and derived from Caiman crocodilus, the Common or Spectacled Caiman (Godshalk 2006). The two species are sympatric in the Madeira River from its confluence with the Amazon, south to approximately the Bolivian border. Studies of morphology (Brazaitis et al. 1998,  Busack and Pandya 2001) and genetics (Hrbek et al. 2008) suggest a cline of introgression between the two species along this transect although each species retain distinctive and non-overlapping genetic features at the limits of their distributions. Biogeographic investigation suggests that the species arose in its southern range as a vicariance event related to movement of the Brazilian shield and has subsequently re-invaded the Amazon system via the Madeira and its tributaries (Godshalk 2008 a,b). Caiman crocodilus and C. yacare have been considered as the same or as subspecies. However, careful review of large samples, in regard to both morphology and genetics, indicates that C. yacare is a Significant Evolutionary Unit with distinct species level distinction (Vasconcelos and Campos 2007,  Hrbek et al. 2008).

" 46587,Paleosuchus palpebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Paleosuchus,palpebrosus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1807)", 46588,Paleosuchus trigonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Paleosuchus,trigonatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 46589,Crocodylus johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,johnstoni,,,,,"Krefft, 1873","

The specific name of this species is variably given as Crocodylus johnsoni or C.  johnstoni.  The species was named by Krefft after a Mr Johnstone, but as C. johnsoni (see discussion in King and Burke 1989, Tucker 2010). Crocodylus johnstoni (with a 't') has received widespread use, particularly by Australian workers and Cogger et al. (1983) proposed formalising this use, notwithstanding that the correct name based on Johnstone would be 'johnstoneii'. Tucker (2010) argues, using the new edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, that the use of C. johnstoni be the prevailing spelling based on the intention of Krefft to quickly correct the spelling (Gray 1874). As such, for Red List purposes, C. johnstoni will be used predominantly but it should be clear that C. johnsoni and C. johnstoni are the same species and the terms can be used interchangeably.

" 45433088,Crocodylus niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,niloticus,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768","The African Nile Crocodile is now recognized as two distinct species: one occupying eastern Africa, the Nile valley and southern Africa and retaining the name Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768; and the other occupying west and central Africa, including the Congo, Niger and Ogoue drainages and assigned to the existing name Crocodylus suchus Geoffroy, 1807 (Schmitz et al. 2003, Hekkala et al. 2011).  Red List assessments now treat these two taxa independently." 46591,Crocodylus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,novaeguineae,,,,,"Schmidt, 1928","Published work on the morphology and nesting biology of the New Guinea crocodile suggests significant difference between populations in drainages north of the dividing ranges and those to the south that may indicate a species level split in this species (Hall 1989, Hall and Portier 1994)." 4689,Chirostoma bartoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Chirostoma,bartoni,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1896", 4805,Chromis sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Edwards, 1987", 4836,Herichthys minckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,minckleyi,,,,,"(Kornfield & Taylor, 1983)", 4837,Herichthys pantostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,pantostictus,,,,,"(Taylor & Miller, 1983)", 4871,Floridobia mica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Floridobia,mica,,,,,"(Thompson, 1968)","Thompson and Hershler (2002) propose the genus Floridobia to accommodate species from the eastern United States formerly placed in the genus Cincinnatia (J. Cordiero, pers. comm. 2010)." 4876,Floridobia wekiwae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Floridobia,wekiwae,,,,,"(Thompson, 1968)","Thompson and Hershler (2002) propose the genus Floridobia to accommodate species from the eastern United States formerly placed in the genus Cincinnatia (J. Cordiero, pers. comm. 2010)." 4889,Cinetodus froggatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cinetodus,froggatti,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 4982,Clinus spatulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Clinus,spatulatus,,,,,"Bennett, 1983", 4,Aaadonta constricta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Aaadonta,constricta,,,,,"(Semper, 1874)","

There are three subspecies, namely babelthuapi Solem, 1976; constricta s. str.; and komakanensis Solem, 1976

" 521,Adelphicos daryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,daryi,,,,,"Campbell & Ford, 1982", 5239,Conolophus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Conolophus,pallidus,,,,,"Heller, 1903",Barrington Land Iguanas appear to be sister to a clade composed of the western (Isabela and Fernandina) populations of Conolophus subcristatus (Gentile et al. 2009). 5240,Conolophus subcristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Conolophus,subcristatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","The western (Isabela and Fernandina) populations of Conolophus subcristatus appears to be sister to the Barrington Land Iguana (Conolophus pallidus; Gentile et al. 2009). Further analysis (Rassmann et al. 2004, Gentile et al. 2009) shows that these western populations and the central island populations of C. subcristatus form two separate clades, consistent with the pattern of morphological differentiation described in Snell et al. (1984). Tzika et al. (2008) suggest that some populations of C. subcristatus may deserve recognition as species, on Plaza Sur in particular, based on their genetic differentiation within the genus." 5269,Conus africanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,africanus,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 5270,Conus cepasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cepasi,,,,,"Trovao, 1975", 5272,Conus nobrei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,nobrei,,,,,"Trovao, 1975", 5273,Conus zebroides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,zebroides,,,,,"Kiener, 1845", 54364,Arthroleptis adolfifriederici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,adolfifriederici,,,,,"Nieden, 1911","We consider this species to be confined to central and eastern Africa; we follow J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.) in considering records from Cameroon to belong to another, possibly undescribed, species. J.C. Poynton (pers. comm.) considers that animals from Kenya and Tanzania are probably specifically distinct from true A. adolfifriederici in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo. The name leleupi is available for Tanzanian and Kenyan animals. There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 45550871,Arthroleptis stenodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,stenodactylus,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1893","Arthroleptis lonnbergi was removed from the synonymy of Arthroleptis stenodactylus by Pickersgill (2007). However, the species was synonymized again under Arthroleptis stenodactylus by Blackburn (2010 in Frost 2013). Current systematic work is expected to result in recognizing some populations currently assigned to Arthroleptis stenodactylus as two or more distinct species (D. Blackburn pers. comm. October 2015)." 54393,Arthroleptis wahlbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,wahlbergii,,,,,"Smith, 1849","FitzSimons (1930) considered the population around Port St Johns in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, as a new species, Arthroleptis wageri, but Poynton (1964) synonymised this species with the more widespread A. wahlbergii which is assessed below. Genetic studies to uncover any substantial genetic differentiation for the Eastern Cape population is currently underway." 54444,Barbourula kalimantanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Barbourula,kalimantanensis,,,,,"Iskandar, 1978", 54479,Ansonia penangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,penangensis,,,,,"Stoliczka, 1870","Records of this species from Sumatra, Indonesia were previously assigned to Ansonia glandulosa (Iskandar and Mumpuni 2004). Subopulations that have been assigned to this species on the Isthmus of Kra and from Fraser's Hill in Malaysia are considered here to refer to A. malayana, a position which is supported by Grismer (2006) (who treats A. penangensis as endemic to Penang island). However, it is not clear that these two species are distinct from each other, and further taxonomic work is needed. 

This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Ansonia jeetsukumarani (Wood et al. 2008)." 54519,Atelopus laetissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,laetissimus,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo & Hernández-Camacho, 1994", 54531,Atelopus nahumae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,nahumae,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo & Hernández-Camacho, 1994", 54544,Atelopus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,pulcher,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Atelpus spumarius by Lötters et al. (2002). 54560,Atelopus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,varius,,,,,"(Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)","Molecular data and morphological, ecological, and demographic analyses suggest that the Panamanian golden frogs and their kin (the Atelopus varius-zeteki clade) are comprised of five distinct forms (Zippel et al. 2006). The species has a variable appearance and color and pattern are poor diagnostic characteristics for identification of this species (Richards and Knowles 2007). Some subpopulations have a very yellow color, resembling Atelopus zeteki, which is why both Atelopus varius and Atelopus zeteki are sometimes referred to as golden frogs in Panama (Estrada et al. 2014). Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA reveals support for recognizing A. varius and A. zeteki as separate clades, but sorting of haplotypes was imperfect and Costa Rican samples sorted into a third outlying group (Richards and Knowles 2007). Genetic examination of the phylogeny of this group would be helpful, but the extreme declines of this group will make sourcing of fresh, genomic quality tissues challenging." 54573,Vandijkophrynus angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Vandijkophrynus,angusticeps,,,,,"(Smith, 1848)", 54575,Rhinella arborescandens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,arborescandens,,,,,"(Duellman & Schulte, 1992)", 54636,Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,fenoulheti,,,,,"(Hewitt & Methuen, 1912)", 54639,Peltophryne fluviatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,fluviatica,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1972)", 54648,Vandijkophrynus gariepensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Vandijkophrynus,gariepensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1848)",Some isolated populations in the north of its range could be separate taxa. 172918839,Peltophryne guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,guentheri,,,,,"(Cochran, 1941)",This is the new broader concept of Peltophryne guentheri which includes P. fracta as a synonym (Landestoy et al. 2018). 54660,Rhaebo haematiticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,haematiticus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)",The form occurring in the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia might be Rhaebo guttatus (J.V. Rueda pers. comm.). 84519931,Sclerophrys maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,maculata,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1854)",This is a restricted concept following the split of the broader concept into this and Sclerophrys pusillus (Poynton et al. 2016). 54731,Incilius perplexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,perplexus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1943)", 54748,Vandijkophrynus robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Vandijkophrynus,robinsoni,,,,,"(Branch & Braack, 1996)", 54793,Poyntonophrynus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,vertebralis,,,,,"(Smith, 1842)", 54801,Capensibufo tradouwi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Capensibufo,tradouwi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1926", 138045255,Leptophryne cruentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Leptophryne,cruentata,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Leptophryne javanica (Hamidy et al. 2018). 5483,Craspedopoma hespericum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CRASPEDOPOMATIDAE,Craspedopoma,hespericum,,,,,"Morelet & Drouët, 1857", 54863,Sabahphrynus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sabahphrynus,maculatus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)","Sabahphrynus anotis was recently synonymized under Sabahphrynus maculatus by Matsui et al. (2007); this is reflected in the current account and distribution range of S. maculatus." 88416812,Pelophryne guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",Pelophryne macrotis has been synonymized under this species by Inger and Stuebing (2009). 54885,Schismaderma carens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Schismaderma,carens,,,,,"(Smith, 1848)", 54920,Sachatamia ilex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Sachatamia,ilex,,,,,"(Savage, 1967)", 54960,Cochranella euknemos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,euknemos,,,,,"(Savage & Starrett, 1967)",Some records from Antioquia and Chocó Departments in Colombia have been reassigned to Cochranella mache (Jaramillo-Martinez et al. 2015). 54964,Cochranella granulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,granulosa,,,,,"(Taylor, 1949)", 55014,Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,fleischmanni,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)","This species is a complex of more than one species (E. Arias pers. comm. September 2019). The Ecuadorian records were removed from the synonymy of Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni by Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch (1998) and are now treated as H. petersi. Records from Venezuela are now referred to Hyalinobatrachium guairarepanensis (Señaris, 2001)." 43268296,Hyalinobatrachium orientale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,orientale,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2009) reviewed the systematics of the Venezuelan subpopulations of Hyalinobatrachium orientale, and based on phylogenetic analysis, and morphological and bioacoustics data they resurrected H. orocostale for the population distributed in the Serranía de Interior and considered the synonymy of this species by Cannatella and Lamar (1986). Jowers et al. (2015) reanalyzed the phylogenetic relationships of this species including, for the first time, specimens from Tobago island. Venezuela and Tobago populations diverged ≈ 3 mybp, and based on the genetic distance between the mainland and island populations – with some level of differentiation but not enough for complete lineage sorting – plus the geographic isolation, Jowers et al. (2015) proposed revalidation of the subspecies H. orientale tobagoense (Hardy 1984)." 55030,Teratohyla pulverata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Teratohyla,pulverata,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)","Moved from Hyalinobatrachium to Cochranella by Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2006), then to Teratohyla by Guayasamin et al. (2009). Cochranella petersi has been recently synonymized under Cochranella pulverata (Guayasamin et al. 2008)." 55036,Hyalinobatrachium valerioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,valerioi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1931)","This species is a complex, comprising at least two species in Ecuador (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm.)." 55045,Hyloxalus alessandroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,alessandroi,,,,,"(Grant & Rodríguez, 2001)", 55066,Allobates chalcopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,chalcopis,,,,,"(Kaiser, Coloma & Gray, 1994)","It has been suggested that this species is not native to Martinique, but is synonymous with another species from South America (M. Breuil pers. comm., Breuil 2009); however, following its rediscovery in October 2012 (Dewynter et al. 2012), new genetic material and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it is nested within a clade of lowland Amazonian Allobates but nonetheless distantly related to any known species of the group (Fouquet et al. 2013). In addition, the arrival of the species in Martinique likely corresponds to an overseas dispersal from South America during the late Miocene, as previously hypothesized for Bothrops lanceolatus and Leptodactylus fallax, two other species endemic to Martinique and surrounding islands (Fouquet et al. 2013)." 55075,Hyloxalus elachyhistus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,elachyhistus,,,,,"(Edwards, 1971)", 55099,Allobates juanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,juanii,,,,,"(Morales, 1994)", 55121,Silverstoneia nubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,nubicola,,,,,"(Dunn, 1924)","At present, this species is considered to be a complex of several taxa and is currently undergoing taxonomic revision (T. Grant pers. comm.). The identity of frogs assigned to S. nubicola in the mountains along the Colombia-Panama border is equivocal (Grant and Myers 2013)." 55174,Dendrobates auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Dendrobates,auratus,,,,,"(Girard, 1855)", 55186,Oophaga granulifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,granulifera,,,,,"(Taylor, 1958)", 55196,Oophaga pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,pumilio,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)", 55263,Phyllobates lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Phyllobates,lugubris,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)", 55273,Hadromophryne natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HELEOPHRYNIDAE,Hadromophryne,natalensis,,,,,"Hewitt, 1913", 55274,Heleophryne orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HELEOPHRYNIDAE,Heleophryne,orientalis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1946",It is not clear that this species is distinct from Heleophryne purcelli (L. Minter pers. comm.). 55275,Heleophryne purcelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HELEOPHRYNIDAE,Heleophryne,purcelli,,,,,"Sclater, 1898",This species might include Heleophryne orientalis (L. Minter pers. comm.). 55276,Heleophryne regis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HELEOPHRYNIDAE,Heleophryne,regis,,,,,"Hewitt, 1910", 55279,Hemisus guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,guineensis,,,,,"Cope, 1865","This form is a complex of more than one species, probably comprising several species (M.-O. Rödel pers comm.). In many parts of its range, the distinction between this species and Hemisus marmoratus is not clear. Ongoing taxonomic work (by de Sá and colleagues) will result in reshaping our knowledge of cryptic species richness and distributions of populations currently assigned to Hemisus marmoratus and H. guineensis." 55281,Hemisus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","It is possible that the subspecies Hemisus marmoratus sudanensis constitutes a separate species (Rödel 2000). This species is probably a complex comprising several species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). Ongoing taxonomic work (by de Sá and colleagues) will result in reshaping our knowledge of cryptic diversity and distributions of populations currently assigned to Hemisus marmoratus and Hemisus guineensis. In several parts of its range, this species is not readily distinguishable from Hemisus guineensis." 151594717,Cruziohyla calcarifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Cruziohyla,calcarifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)","This is a restricted concept of Cruziohyla calcarifer following the split of the broader concept into this and Cruziohyla sylviae (Gray 2018). With the recognition of Cruziohyla sylviae, the literature of Cruziohyla calcarifer becomes suspect as to whether addressing Cruziohyla sylviae, Cruziohyla calcarifer, or both (Frost 2019)." 55290,Agalychnis callidryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,callidryas,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 77651850,Agalychnis spurrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,spurrelli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1913",More than one species may currently be included within Agalychnis spurrelli (Federico Bolaños pers. comm.). Agalychnis litodryas has been synonymized with this species (Frost 2014). 55296,Triprion spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Triprion,spinosus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)","""Although Triprion spinosus has been considered a species with a wide distribution, from southeastern Mexico to western Panama (Duellman, 1970), the 16S fragment of our specimen from Honduras differs from those of Oaxaca in 2.9%. Better understanding of the sequence variation among these samples and those from the easternmost part of the distribution of T. spinosus is required, but a taxonomic revision of the different populations assigned to this species seems to be necessary"" (Faivovich et al. 2018)." 55327,Gastrotheca christiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,christiani,,,,,"Laurent, 1967", 55358,Gastrotheca ruizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,ruizi,,,,,"Duellman & Burrowes, 1986",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55482,Ecnomiohyla fimbrimembra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,fimbrimembra,,,,,"(Taylor, 1948)", 55566,Rheohyla miotympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Rheohyla,miotympanum,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was been moved to the genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). It has recently been moved again from Ecnomiohyla to Rheohyla (Duellman et al. 2016). This form is probably a complex of more than one species. 55586,Hyloscirtus palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,palmeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 5560,Crocidura canariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,canariensis,,,,,"Hutterer, López-Jurado, & Vogel, 1987","It has been argued, on the basis of mandibular measurements, that Crocidura canariensis should be treated as a subspecies of C. sicula (Sarà 1996). However, other morphological, ecological, palaeontological and molecular evidence supports specific status (Michaux et al. 1991, Hutterer et al. 1992). Genetic distances suggest that C. canariensis and C. sicula diverged approximately five million years ago (Vogel et al. 2003)." 55627,Isthmohyla rivularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,rivularis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55632,Boana rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,rosenbergi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then moved to Boana following Dubois (2017)." 55701,Isthmohyla zeteki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,zeteki,,,,,"(Gaige, 1929)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Genetic distances suggest that more than one species might be combined under this name (Faivovich et al. 2018). Specimens from the Serranía de Tabasará may represent a distinct species (Hertz 2015). 55807,Osteopilus crucialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,crucialis,,,,,"(Harlan, 1826)", 55809,Osteopilus marianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,marianae,,,,,"(Dunn, 1926)", 55811,Osteopilus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)", 55812,Osteopilus wilderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,wilderi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1925)", 55855,Agalychnis lemur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,lemur,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species was previously within the genus Phyllomedusa but was moved to the genus Hylomantis by Faivovich et al. (2005). Subsequently, it was moved from Hylomantis to Agalychnis by Favivovich et al. (2010)." 56010,Smilisca sila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,sila,,,,,"Duellman & Trueb, 1966", 56056,Afrixalus brachycnemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,brachycnemis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)","Poynton and Broadley (1987) referred to true Afrixalus brachycnemis as ""Afrixalus sp."". The species that they treated as Afrixalus brachycnemis is now treated as Afrixalus delicatus (M. Pickersgill pers. comm.). This species is a member of the Afrixalus stuhlmanni group (Pickersgill 2005).

This species complex clearly needs taxonomic revision including further study of type material, specimens from contact zones, and genetic characters (Ohler and Frétey 2014)." 56059,Afrixalus delicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,delicatus,,,,,"Pickersgill, 1984", 56063,Afrixalus fornasini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,fornasini,,,,,"(Bianconi, 1849)","Pickersgill (1996, 2007) recognized Afrixalus unicolor (Boettger, 1913) as a distinct species; thus Afrixalus fornasinii from South Africa to southern Tanzania (including the area around Lake Malawi) and A. unicolor from southern Tanzania (including Zanzibar and Pemba Islands) to Kenya. However, here we follow Schiøtz (1999) in considering these to constitute a single species." 56079,Afrixalus stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,stuhlmanni,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)","There have been considerable doubts as to the validity of this species and it was considered to be a nomen dubium by Pickersgill (1996). However, we follow Pickersgill (2000, 2005) in considering it to be a valid form.

Pickersgill (2005) considers Afrixalus sylvaticus to be a subspecies of A. stuhlmanni, but for the time being we retain them here as separate, though closely related, species that hybridise in areas where forest has been cleared. Afrixalus brachycnemis and Afrixalus septentrionalis have also been synonymized with A. stuhlmanni, but for the time being we will also retain them as separate (M. Menegon pers. comm. April 2015).
" 56112,Hyperolius argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,argus,,,,,"Peters, 1854", 56163,Hyperolius marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,marmoratus,,,,,"Rapp, 1842","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983, Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, have a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"". The following distinct forms were not treated in the analysis by Wieczorek et al. (2001) and therefore cannot be allocated to any their ten species: spatzi, pallidus, pachydermus, destefanii, variabilis, coerulescens, karissimbiensis, francoisi, sheldricki, rubripes, mwanzae, reesi, bitaeniatus, rhodoscelis, nyassae, taeniatus, insignis, alborufus, epheboides, aposematicus and broadleyi. An un-named form from Marsabit in northern Kenya also cannot be allocated within the Wieczorek et al. (2001) arrangement of species. The arrangement currently followed by the Global Amphibian Assessment is provisional, pending a more complete analysis of the relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that it would have been prefereable for the Global Amphibian Assessment to treat the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies as a single species, because under this arrangement, all the described forms are covered unambiguously. Pickersgill (2007) described Hyperolius fumatus as a new species, but we follow Frost (2007) Amphibian Species of the World 5.1 http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php in treating it as a synonym of H. marmoratus. Similarly, Pickersgill (2007) treated verrucosus, taeniatus, aposematicus, alborufus, and nyassae as separate species, but we follow Frost (2007) in including them under H. marmoratus." 56189,Hyperolius pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,pusillus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 56204,Hyperolius semidiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,semidiscus,,,,,"Hewitt, 1927", 56217,Hyperolius tuberilinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,tuberilinguis,,,,,"Smith, 1849", 56231,Kassina maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,maculata,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)","Portik and Blackburn (2016) have suggested that Kassina maculata is more closely related to Phylctimantis than to other species of Kassina (based on the evolution of its reproductive modes), and they recommend that this species be transferred to Phlyctimantis. Additional taxonomic work is possibly required to verify these findings." 56236,Kassina senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,senegalensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)", 56260,Leptopelis karissimbensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,karissimbensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1929","Although this species has often been confused with Leptopelis kivuensis (see Schiøtz 1999), Roelke et al. (2011) clarified the difference between the two species." 56261,Leptopelis kivuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,kivuensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1929",This is a complex of several species (Portillo et al. 2015) 56267,Leptopelis mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,mossambicus,,,,,"Poynton, 1985", 56268,Leptopelis natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,natalensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1849)", 56277,Leptopelis parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,parkeri,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928",

Molecular data suggest that there is more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012).

56284,Leptopelis vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,vermiculatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)",

Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012).

56297,Semnodactylus wealii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Semnodactylus,wealii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 56387,Eleutherodactylus abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,abbotti,,,,,"Cochran, 1923", 56406,Pristimantis altae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,altae,,,,,"(Dunn, 1942)", 56409,Eleutherodactylus amadeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,amadeus,,,,,"Hedges, Thomas & Franz, 1987", 56411,Eleutherodactylus amplinympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,amplinympha,,,,,"Kaiser, Green & Schmid, 1994", 56416,Eleutherodactylus andrewsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,andrewsi,,,,,"Lynn, 1937", 56419,Eleutherodactylus angustidigitorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,angustidigitorum,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",This species has been removed from association with the E. (Syrrhophus) nitidus Species Group and placed within the E. (Syrrhophus) modestus Species Group according to molecular work done by Grünwald et al. (2018). 56425,Eleutherodactylus antillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,antillensis,,,,,"(Reinhardt & Lutken, 1863)", 56428,Eleutherodactylus apostates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,apostates,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973","Genetic data indicate that this is a complex of species occurring in isolated, montane areas, each highly threatened (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2021)." 20976998,Eleutherodactylus audanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,audanti,,,,,"Cochran, 1934",Records from the Cordillera Central in the Dominican Republic previously assigned to this taxon belong to Eleutherodactylus melatrigonum and the former subspecies notidodes has been split off and raised to species-level (Hedges et al. 2008). 56440,Eleutherodactylus auriculatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,auriculatoides,,,,,"Noble, 1923", 56449,Eleutherodactylus bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,bakeri,,,,,"Cochran, 1935", 56451,Eleutherodactylus barlagnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,barlagnei,,,,,"Lynch, 1965", 56472,Craugastor bransfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,bransfordii,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). It ranges from Nicaragua to Costa Rica. However, the population endemic to Panama is now recognized to be distinct from C. bransfordii, but has yet to receive a formal name. Information about this taxon is included in the C. bransfordii account until a published name becomes available. Additionally, specimens from northern Nicaragua previously included as C. bransfordii have now been identified as C. lauraster." 56475,Eleutherodactylus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,brevirostris,,,,,"Shreve, 1936", 56482,Strabomantis bufoniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,bufoniformis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). The current taxonomic concept probably contains several cryptic species (Crawford et al. 2013; R. Ibanez pers. comm June 2018). 56493,Eleutherodactylus caribe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,caribe,,,,,"Hedges & Thomas, 1992", 56497,Pristimantis caryophyllaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,caryophyllaceus,,,,,"(Barbour, 1928)","This species is thought to be a complex containing multiple conspecific lineages (Batista et al. 2014; A. Crawford pers. comm. 2018). We depart from the taxonomic split of Pristimantis educatoris from this species proposed by Ryan et al. (2010) and treat the Colombian and Panamanian specimens under this name, following Batista et al. (2014), until taxonomic work is properly carried out to delimit the undescribed species." 56501,Pristimantis cerasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cerasinus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 56511,Eleutherodactylus chlorophenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,chlorophenax,,,,,"Schwartz, 1976", 56515,Eleutherodactylus cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,cochranae,,,,,"Grant, 1932", 56516,Craugastor coffeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,coffeus,,,,,"(McCranie & Köhler, 1999)","This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). Two new species were described from the species group to which Craugastor coffeus (C. laticeps group) belongs, it is possible, albeit unlikely based on distinguished external morphological characteristics, there is additional taxonomic change yet to be determined (McCranie 2018).

There is doubt about the validity of this species as it was described from a single specimen based on a variable trait (Honduras Red List Assessment Workshop March 2019)." 56522,Eleutherodactylus coqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,coqui,,,,,"Thomas, 1966","Studies addressing the taxonomic status of E. coqui (whether it is one nominal species or more than one species) are equivocal (e.g., Bird-Picó 1994, Gonser 1996, Rios-López 1999, and Veló-Anton et al. 2007). Due to the taxonomic confusion of this species and E. portoricensis in Puerto Rico, there may be some lowland records of E. portoricensis that actually belong to E. coqui (Puerto Rico Red List Assessment Workshop 2020)." 56525,Eleutherodactylus corona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,corona,,,,,"Hedges & Thomas, 1992", 56527,Eleutherodactylus counouspeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,counouspeus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1964", 56528,Craugastor crassidigitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,crassidigitus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)","This species was formerly included within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith, 2005)." 88380950,Oreobates cruralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,cruralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",This is a restricted concept of Oreobates cruralis following the revalidation of O. granulosus which was previously placed in synonymy with this species (Padial et al. 2008). 56549,Eleutherodactylus darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,darlingtoni,,,,,"Cochran, 1935", 56560,Diasporus diastema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,diastema,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)",This form might be a complex of more than one species. 56567,Eleutherodactylus dolomedes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,dolomedes,,,,,"Hedges & Thomas, 1992", 56592,Eleutherodactylus eunaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,eunaster,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973", 56593,Pristimantis euphronides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,euphronides,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1967)", 56602,Eleutherodactylus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,flavescens,,,,,"Noble, 1923",Efforts are needed to fully resolve the taxonomic status of the species (Hispaniola Red List Assessment Workshop 2020). 56605,Eleutherodactylus fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,fowleri,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973","A specimen recorded from Forêt des Pins National Park in Haiti may belong to this taxon, but further research is needed to clarify this (C. Martínez Rivera pers. comm. 2020)." 56608,Eleutherodactylus furcyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,furcyensis,,,,,"Shreve & Williams, 1963", 56609,Pristimantis gaigei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,gaigei,,,,,"(Dunn, 1931)", 5660,Mecistops cataphractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Mecistops,cataphractus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1824)","Recent DNA and morphological studies suggest that this species belongs in its own monotypic genus, Mecistops (McAliley et al. 2006).  This finding has been supported by all subsequent phylogenetic studies (e.g., Hekkala et al. 2011, Meredith 2011, Oaks 2011,Shirley et al. 2013) and Mecistop has gained wide use and acceptance in the literature and is hence used here.

A recent study (Shirley 2013, Shirley et al. 2013) has found significant molecular and morphological support for two divergent taxa in this genus - one distributed entirely in West Africa and the other in Central Africa. Formal taxonomic revisions and recognition of these two unique taxa are expected soon." 56617,Eleutherodactylus glandulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,glandulifer,,,,,"Cochran, 1935", 56618,Eleutherodactylus glanduliferoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,glanduliferoides,,,,,"Shreve, 1936", 56620,Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,glaphycompus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973", 56621,Eleutherodactylus glaucoreius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,glaucoreius,,,,,"Schwartz & Fowler, 1973", 56624,Eleutherodactylus gossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,gossei,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 56625,Eleutherodactylus grabhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,grabhami,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 56627,Eleutherodactylus grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,grahami,,,,,"Schwartz, 1979", 56633,Eleutherodactylus griphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,griphus,,,,,"Crombie, 1986", 5663,Crocodylus moreletii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,moreletii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1851",

Hybridization between C. moreletii and C. acutus in the wild has been reported from the coastal regions of Belize (Hekkala 2004; Ray et al. 2004; Hekkala et al. 2015) and Mexico (Cedeño-Vázquez 2008; Cedeño-Vázquez et al. 2008; Rodriguez et al. 2008; Gonzalez-Trujillo et al. 2012; Pacheco-Sierra et al.  2016).

56645,Eleutherodactylus haitianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,haitianus,,,,,"Barbour, 1942", 56651,Eleutherodactylus heminota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,heminota,,,,,"Shreve & Williams, 1963", 56654,Craugastor hobartsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,hobartsmithi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1937)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56659,Eleutherodactylus hypostenor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,hypostenor,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965", 56672,Eleutherodactylus inoptatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,inoptatus,,,,,"(Barbour, 1914)", 5667,Crocodylus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,palustris,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 56681,Eleutherodactylus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,jamaicensis,,,,,"Barbour, 1910", 56684,Eleutherodactylus johnstonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,johnstonei,,,,,"Barbour, 1914","Eleutherodactylus johnstonei populations have often been referred to E. martinicensis (Tschudi, 1838)." 56688,Eleutherodactylus jugans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,jugans,,,,,"Cochran, 1937", 5668,Crocodylus porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,porosus,,,,,"Schneider, 1801", 56698,Eleutherodactylus lamprotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,lamprotes,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973", 56711,Eleutherodactylus lentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,lentus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56712,Eleutherodactylus leoncei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,leoncei,,,,,"Shreve & Williams, 1963","Schwartz and Henderson (1991) considered some subpopulations of this species to refer to Eleutherodactylus darlingtoni, but Hedges (1992) redefined the range, and this definition is used here." 5671,Crocodylus siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,siamensis,,,,,"Schneider, 1801","

The only known extant population of C. siamensis outside mainland Southeast Asia, located in East Kalimantan Province (Indonesian Borneo), is genetically distinct and considered an ‘Evolutionarily Significant Unit’ (Gratten 2003).

" 5672,Crocodylus mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,mindorensis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1935","The species was named by Schmidt in 1935 from specimens from Najuan Lake, Mindoro. The species has been considered a subspecies of C. novaeguineae but currently it is accorded full species status on the basis of unique morphology, distribution and genetic separation (see Uetz et al. 2016)." 56730,Eleutherodactylus lucioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,lucioi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1980", 56733,Eleutherodactylus luteolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,luteolus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1851)", 56747,Eleutherodactylus martinicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,martinicensis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)","Dodd (2013) noted that a report of this species in Hawaii was based on misidentified Eleutherodactylus coqui. Barbour (1914) placed E. martinicensis on Jamaica, St. Christopher, Saba, Montserrat, and St. Eustatius but those records almost certainly refer to E. johnstonei (Powell and Henderson 2020)." 56750,Pristimantis medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,medemi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1994)", 56751,Craugastor megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,megacephalus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)","This species was formerly allocated to the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith, 2005). Craugastor megacephalus (Cope, 1875), an intermediate-sized frog ranging from Honduras to central Panama, is the more common species to which the name biporcatus has usually been applied (Savage and Myers 2002)." 56767,Eleutherodactylus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,minutus,,,,,"Noble, 1923", 56770,Eleutherodactylus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,modestus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1942)", 56776,Eleutherodactylus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,montanus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1919", 56777,Pristimantis moro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,moro,,,,,"(Savage, 1965)", 56795,Craugastor noblei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,noblei,,,,,"(Barbour & Dunn, 1921)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith, 2005)." 56796,Eleutherodactylus nortoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,nortoni,,,,,"Schwartz, 1976", 56797,Eleutherodactylus nubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,nubicola,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 56801,Craugastor occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,occidentalis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). It is currently under taxonomic revision. 56813,Eleutherodactylus orcutti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,orcutti,,,,,"Dunn, 1928", 56819,Eleutherodactylus oxyrhyncus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,oxyrhyncus,,,,,"(Dumeril & Bibron, 1841)", 56822,Eleutherodactylus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pallidus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1968)", 56824,Eleutherodactylus pantoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pantoni,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 56825,Eleutherodactylus parabates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,parabates,,,,,"Schwartz, 1964", 56827,Eleutherodactylus parapelates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,parapelates,,,,,"Hedges & Thomas, 1987", 56834,Eleutherodactylus patriciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,patriciae,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965", 56836,Eleutherodactylus paulsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,paulsoni,,,,,"Schwartz, 1964", 56842,Eleutherodactylus pentasyringos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pentasyringos,,,,,"Schwartz & Fowler, 1973", 56858,Eleutherodactylus pictissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pictissimus,,,,,"Cochran, 1935",This is a complex of several species (M. Landestoy pers. comm. 2020). 56860,Eleutherodactylus pinchoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pinchoni,,,,,"Schwartz, 1967", 56863,Eleutherodactylus pituinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pituinus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965", 154033310,Craugastor podiciferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,podiciferus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)","This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This is a restricted concept of Craugastor podiciferus following the split of the broader concept into this Craugastor sagui, C. zungai and C. blairi (Arias et al. 2019)." 56874,Eleutherodactylus poolei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,poolei,,,,,"Cochran, 1938", 56877,Eleutherodactylus probolaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,probolaeus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965", 56888,Craugastor punctariolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,punctariolus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). Genetic analysis of animals in the captive collection may represent disparate cryptic species (Crawford et al. 2013). 56905,Pristimantis repens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,repens,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 56909,Eleutherodactylus rhodesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,rhodesi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1980","This taxon is presently considered valid, but is very likely to be a junior synonym of Eleutherodactylus weinlandi based on genetics and morphology (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2021)." 56931,Eleutherodactylus rufifemoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,rufifemoralis,,,,,"Noble & Hassler, 1933", 56933,Craugastor rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rugosus,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith, 2005)." 20995600,Eleutherodactylus ruthae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,ruthae,,,,,"Noble, 1923","The following species were previously considered to be subspecies of Eleutherodactylus ruthae but have since been recognized to be full species: E. aporostegus, E. bothroboans and E. tychathrous." 213610247,Eleutherodactylus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,schmidti,,,,,"Noble, 1923", 56954,Eleutherodactylus schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,schwartzi,,,,,"Thomas, 1966", 56955,Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,sciagraphus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973",This taxon is very likely a junior synonym of Eleutherodactylus glandulifer (Hispaniola Red List Assessment Workshop 2020; S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2021). 56961,Pristimantis shrevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,shrevei,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1967)", 56991,Pristimantis taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,taeniatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 56995,Craugastor taurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,taurus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1958)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 57004,Eleutherodactylus thorectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,thorectes,,,,,"Hedges, 1988", 57025,Craugastor uno,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,uno,,,,,"(Savage, 1985)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 57034,Eleutherodactylus ventrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,ventrilineatus,,,,,"(Shreve, 1936)", 57049,Diasporus vocator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,vocator,,,,,"(Taylor, 1955)",This taxon might be comprised of more than one species. 57052,Eleutherodactylus warreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,warreni,,,,,"Schwartz, 1976", 20998545,Eleutherodactylus weinlandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,weinlandi,,,,,"Barbour, 1914",Eleutherodactylus paralius was split from Eleutherodactylus weinlandi (Hedges et al. 2008). 20994808,Eleutherodactylus wetmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,wetmorei,,,,,"Cochran, 1932","Formerly this species included Eleutherodactylus diplasius and E. sommeri as subspecies, both of which have now been elevated to full species status (Hedges et al. 2008)." 57107,Oreobates saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,saxatilis,,,,,"(Duellman, 1990)", 57113,Leptodactylus albilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,albilabris,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)","Hedges and Heinicke (2007) supported Heyer's (1978) conclusion that Leptodactylus dominicensis is a synonym of L. albilabris (which may clarify the description of L. dominicensis by Cochran (1923), collected at Las Cañitas, Hato Mayor province (formerly, part of El Seibo province) in the Dominican Republic). However, the subpopulations from the Dominican Republic are under taxonomic review (R. Joglar pers. comm. June 2020)." 57125,Leptodactylus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,fallax,,,,,"Müller, 1926", 57131,Leptodactylus griseigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,griseigularis,,,,,"(Henle, 1981)", 57136,Leptodactylus labrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,labrosus,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1875","It is likely that some reports of Leptodactylus ventrimaculatus from the southern coast of Ecuador and northern Peru (e.g., Frost 2018) actually correspond to this species (Ron et al. 2016)." 57204,Ctenophryne carpish,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Ctenophryne,carpish,,,,,"(Lehr, Rodriguez & Cordova, 2002)", 57223,Oreobates pereger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,pereger,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)",This species was included within Oreobates considering that it shares morphological characters with species of this genus (Hedges et al. 2008). 57225,Psychrophrynella usurpator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Psychrophrynella,usurpator,,,,,"De la Riva, Chaparro & Padial, 2008","Subpopulations previously assessed as Noblella peruviana in fact pertain to Psychrophrynella usurpator." 57327,Telmatobius brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,brevipes,,,,,"Vellard, 1951", 57328,Telmatobius brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,brevirostris,,,,,"Vellard, 1955",Telmatobius punctatus was previously considered to be a subspecies of Telmatobius brevirostris; it was elevated to specific status by Lehr (2005) based on differences in morphological features and colour patterns. 57329,Telmatobius carrillae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,carrillae,,,,,"Morales, 1988",There are questions around the taxonomy of this concept and it could comprise several cryptic species (E. Lehr and A. Catenazzi pers. comm. April 2017). 57330,Telmatobius ceiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,ceiorum,,,,,"Laurent, 1970", 57336,Telmatobius degener,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,degener,,,,,"Wiens, 1993", 57341,Telmatobius hockingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,hockingi,,,,,"Salas and Sinsch, 1996", 57344,Telmatobius ignavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,ignavus,,,,,"Barbour & Noble, 1920", 57345,Telmatobius intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,intermedius,,,,,"Vellard, 1951", 57346,Telmatobius jelskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,jelskii,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)", 57347,Telmatobius laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,laticeps,,,,,"Laurent, 1977", 57348,Telmatobius latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,latirostris,,,,,"Vellard, 1951","A specimen collected by J. Cadle in the 1980s (MHNSM 960) from Chorro Blanco in the province of Santa Cruz, was later assigned to this species." 57350,Telmatobius mayoloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,mayoloi,,,,,"Salas & Sinsch, 1996", 57351,Telmatobius necopinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,necopinus,,,,,"Wiens, 1993", 57356,Telmatobius pisanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,pisanoi,,,,,"Laurent, 1977", 57364,Telmatobius thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,thompsoni,,,,,"Wiens, 1993", 57365,Telmatobius truebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,truebae,,,,,"Wiens, 1993", 57540,Megophrys intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,intermedia,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)",This species might be a synonym of Megophrys carinense. 57550,Leptobrachium banae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,banae,,,,,"Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Cuc, 1998", 48101639,Leptobrachella bourreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,bourreti,,,,,"(Dubois, 1983)",Leptolalax eos and L. nyx were split from this species by Ohler et al. (2011). 150087252,Megophrys gerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,gerti,,,,,"(Ohler, 2003)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Megophrys elfina (Poyarkov et al. 2017).

This species has become Megophrys, following Ophryophryne becoming a subgenus of Megophrys (Mahony et al. 2017).

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Ophryophryne without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 57585,Megophrys hansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,hansi,,,,,"(Ohler, 2003)","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Ophryophryne without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 57674,Anodonthyla boulengerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,boulengerii,,,,,"Müller, 1892","The 'Ranomafana' form, A. sp. aff. boulengerii ""Ranomafana"", belongs to a yet unnamed candidate species." 57676,Anodonthyla nigrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,nigrigularis,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1992",The northernmost part of its range has been attributed to A. vallani by Vences et al. (2010). 57677,Anodonthyla rouxae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,rouxae,,,,,"Guibé, 1974", 57711,Breviceps acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,acutirostris,,,,,"Poynton, 1963", 57712,Breviceps adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,adspersus,,,,,"Peters, 1882","This species hybridises in places with Breviceps mossambicus, leading to confusion about its distributional limits (Poynton and Broadley 1985). Breviceps adspersus pentheri in the Eastern Cape might be a distinct species L. Minter pers. comm.)." 57714,Breviceps fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,fuscus,,,,,"Hewitt, 1925", 57715,Breviceps montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,montanus,,,,,"Power, 1926", 57716,Breviceps mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,mossambicus,,,,,"Peters, 1854","This species hybridises in places with Breviceps adspersus, leading to confusion about its distributional limits (Poynton and Broadley 1985). Some specimens previously referred to B. mossambicus have recently been separated to a new species, B. fichus (Channing and Minter, 2004)." 57717,Breviceps namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,namaquensis,,,,,"Power, 1926", 57719,Breviceps rosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,rosei,,,,,"Power, 1926","

The species comprises two subspecies, namely Breviceps rosei rosei and B. r. vansoni which occur along opposite sides of the southwestern shoreline on the north and east of False Bay in the Western Cape province of South Africa respectively. The species have been separated based on morphological differences which appear to be inconsistent and additional field and molecular studies are required to clarify the status of these taxa.

" 57722,Breviceps verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,verrucosus,,,,,"Rapp, 1842", 62181621,Callulina kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,kreffti,,,,,"Nieden, 1911","Prior to its description Callulina dawida was considered to belong to Callulina kreffti (Loader et al. 2009). Callulina kreffti as now understood is a restricted-range species that may be endemic to the East Usambara Mountains (Loader et al. 2010, 2014). However, for the purposes of the 2014 assessment, we count all Callulina populations, other than C. dawida, as Callulina kreffti pending taxonomic resolution of this complex (J. Luedtke and S. Stuart pers. comm. December 2014)." 57816,Hypopachus pictiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hypopachus,pictiventris,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)", 57900,Ctenophryne aterrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Ctenophryne,aterrima,,,,,"(Günther, 1901)", 57950,Phrynomantis annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Phrynomantis,annectens,,,,,"Werner, 1910", 57951,Phrynomantis bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Phrynomantis,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1847)", 57980,Probreviceps macrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Probreviceps,macrodactylus,,,,,"(Nieden, 1926)","We follow Poynton (2003b) and Channing and Howell (2006) in considering Probreviceps rungwensis to be distinct from P. macrodactylus. In addition, we follow Mkonyi et al. (2004) and Channing and Howell (2006) in considering Probreviceps loveridgei to be distinct from P. macrodactylus. Furthermore, molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under the P. macrodactylus name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012)." 58019,Chiasmocleis antenori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,antenori,,,,,"(Walker, 1973)","The high genetic distances between the specimens analyzed by Peloso et al. (2014) suggest the existence of more than one species within Chiasmocleis antenori. Peloso et al. (2014) implied some controversy over the identity of some Peruvian records. A specimen identified as Chiasmocleis carvalhoi from San Martin, Peru (de Sá et al. 2012) is regarded as a confirmed record of this species for Peru (Peloso et al. 2014)." 58020,Chiasmocleis carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Nelson, 1975)","

Ortega-Andrade and Valencia (2010) provided a record of Chiasmocleis tridactyla (as Syncope tridactyla) for Lorocachi, Pastaza, Ecuador. These specimens might actually correspond to Chiasmocleis carvalhoi (Peloso et al. 2014), but further examination is required.

" 58059,Anhydrophryne hewitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Anhydrophryne,hewitti,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1947)", 58066,Cacosternum boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,boettgeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This form consists of many cryptic species. We follow Channing et al. (2005) in removing Kenyan and Tanzanian population from this species, under the name Cacosternum plimptoni. Ethiopian populations should presumably also be separated as a distinct species, but for now we treat them as part of C. boettgeri." 58069,Cacosternum namaquense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,namaquense,,,,,"Werner, 1910", 58070,Cacosternum nanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,nanum,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","We follow Scott (in press) in considering the subspecies, Cacosternum nanum parvum, as a distinct species. Specimens from north-eastern Kwa-Zulu Natal have been found which have a different call, and might represent another undescribed species (E. Scott, unpublished data)." 58071,Cacosternum parvum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,parvum,,,,,"Poynton, 1963",We follow Scott (in press) in considering Cacosternum parvum as a species distinct from C. nanum. 58079,Petropedetes johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,johnstoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","Petropedetes newtoni was synonymised with this species (Barej et al. 2010), however it has now been resurrected from synonymy (Sánchez-Vialas et al. 2018)." 58086,Phrynobatrachus acridoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,acridoides,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 58108,Phrynobatrachus elberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,elberti,,,,,"(Ahl, 1925)",The taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain. 58124,Phrynobatrachus mababiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,mababiensis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1932",The taxonomic status of this species in relation to Phrynobatrachus parvulus and P. ukingensis requires clarification (Poynton and Broadley 1985b). It is likely to represent more than one species based on molecular evidence (S. Loader pers. comm. Nov 2012). Zimkus et al. (2010) noted that nominal Phrynobatrachus mababiensis covers two distantly related species. 58127,Phrynobatrachus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,nanus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1925)",The taxonomic status of this species is not clear. 58128,Phrynobatrachus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,natalensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1849)",This form almost certainly consists of a number of cryptic species (Rödel 2000). 58136,Phrynobatrachus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1925)",The taxonomic validity of this species is not certain. 58147,Phrynobatrachus uzungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,uzungwensis,,,,,"Grandison & Howell, 1984", 58149,Phrynobatrachus villiersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,villiersi,,,,,"Guibé, 1959", 110466172,Xenopus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,laevis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Xenopus poweri (Furman et al. 2015). A previous subspecies of this species Xenopus laevis sudanensis was elevated to a distinct species, and then subsequently synonymised with X. poweri (Furman et al. 2015)." 45331440,Amietia angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,angolensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)","Amietia quecketti and Amietia poyntoni were removed from the broader concept of this species by Channing and Baptista (2013). An extended study of the genus by Channing et al. (2016) removed A. chapini, A. delalandii, and A. nutti from synonymy with A. angolensis, confirming that this new species concept is restricted to Angola." 58296,Hildebrandtia ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Hildebrandtia,ornata,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 58358,Limnonectes microdiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,microdiscus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)","This species has been reported in the past from the Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi and the whole of Sumatra and the Mentawai Islands. Specimens from the Philippines are now referred to Limnonectes laytensis and those from Borneo are referred to L. palavensis and L. finchi. Those from Sulawesi, most of Sumatra and the Mentawai Islands belong to an undescribed species that are not covered here (D. Iskandar pers. comm.)." 58444,Quasipaa yei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,yei,,,,,"(Chen, Qu & Jiang, 2002)",We follow Frost (2020) in placing this very poorly known but highly distinctive species in the genus Quasipaa. It was previously placed in the genus Yerana. 58511,Ptychadena mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,mossambica,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 58516,Ptychadena oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Smith, 1849)","The status of Phrynobatrachus hailiensis Meek and Eliot, 1897 from northern Somalia remains obscure. It is usually considered to be a synonym of this species, but its type locality falls far outside the otherwise known range of Ptychadena oxyrhynchus, and so it is not included here, pending further investigation of its status." 58519,Ptychadena porosissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,porosissima,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 58529,Ptychadena taenioscelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,taenioscelis,,,,,"Laurent, 1954","We treat this as a species distinct from Ptychadena pumilio, following Poynton and Broadley (1985)." 58530,Ptychadena tournieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,tournieri,,,,,"(Guibé and Lamotte, 1955)", 58533,Ptychadena uzungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,uzungwensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 58535,Pyxicephalus adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Pyxicephalus,adspersus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838", 58550,Papurana attigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,attigua,,,,,"(Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999)", 58655,Lithobates maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,maculatus,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)", 58677,Lithobates neovolcanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,neovolcanicus,,,,,"(Hillis & Frost, 1985)", 81658784,Nidirana okinavana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Nidirana,okinavana,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)","Matsui (2007) determined that Rana okinavana (now Nidirana okinavana) is a senior synonym of R. psaltes that occurs in the Southern Ryukyus and Taiwan. This meant that the brown frogs of the Central Ryukyus that had been referred to as R. okinavana, no longer had a name. Further taxonomic study determined that there were in fact two genetically and morphologically distinct lineages, and hence they were described as two new species, Rana kobai and Rana ulma (Matsui 2011). 

Lyu et al. (2020) revised the taxonomy of Nidirana and determined that populations from Taiwan, Province of China, previously assigned to this species are actually N. adenopleura. However in this study, the sampling is limited and the possibility remains that N. okinavana is still present in Taiwan, Province of China (M. Matsui pers. comm. September 2020)." 58703,Lithobates pustulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,pustulosus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1833)","Smith and Ciszar (2003), consider the record of Lithobates pustulosus from 13km W Matáchic, Chihuahua, Mexico to actually refer to Lithobates chiricahuensis." 58732,Lithobates taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,taylori,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)",This species is probably more than one species. It is part of the Lithobates pipiens complex. 58764,Strongylopus bonaespei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,bonaespei,,,,,"Dubois, 1981",Earlier literature refers to this species as Rana fasciata montana. 58765,Strongylopus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1849)", 58767,Strongylopus grayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,grayii,,,,,"(Smith, 1849)", 21136111,Tomopterna cryptotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,cryptotis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)","Tomopterna kachowskii and T. elegans have been removed from synonymy with this species (Zimkus and Larson 2011). This species still requires taxonomic research to understand its full distribution and status, particularly subpopulations in Zaire (Zimkus and Larson 2011)." 58776,Tomopterna delalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,delalandii,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)", 58777,Tomopterna krugerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,krugerensis,,,,,"Passmore & Carruthers, 1975", 58778,Tomopterna marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,marmorata,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 58779,Tomopterna natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,natalensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1849)", 58780,Tomopterna tandyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,tandyi,,,,,"Channing & Bogart, 1996","This species is a tetraploid species that is very similar to, and easily confused with, Tomopterna cryptotis, T. delalandii and T. damarensis (Channing and Bogart 1996, Dawood and Channing 2002)." 58801,Chiromantis xerampelina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chiromantis,xerampelina,,,,,"Peters, 1854", 58841,Pseudophilautus femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,femoralis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Specimens refered to this species from Ponmudi and surroundings in India, are now included in the newly described species, Philautus sp. nov. 'Ponmudi Hills' (S.D. Biju pers. comm.)." 58927,Raorchestes travancoricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,travancoricus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 58935,Philautus vittiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,vittiger,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)","From genetic analysis, both this species and Philautus pallidipes may belong to another genus (D. T. Iskandar and A. Hamidy pers. comm. Indonesia Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). However further taxonomic research is required to verify this. Due to morphological similarities, there is also some confusion over identifying this species and P. pallidipes in the field and there is uncertainty that these two species are distinct (A. Hamidy pers. comm. Indonesia Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017)." 84334580,Rhacophorus annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,annamensis,,,,,"Smith, 1924", 59056,Ambystoma flavipiperatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,flavipiperatum,,,,,"Dixon, 1963",Allozyme data (Shaffer 1984) seem to confirm the original morphological description of this as a distinct species (Dixon 1963); mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicate a very close relationship to several Mexican populations of Ambystoma velasci (Shaffer and McKnight 1996). 59085,Batrachuperus pinchonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Batrachuperus,pinchonii,,,,,"(David, 1872)", 59147,Bolitoglossa colonnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,colonnea,,,,,"(Dunn, 1924)", 59154,Bolitoglossa digitigrada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,digitigrada,,,,,"Wake, Brame and Thomas, 1982", 59155,Bolitoglossa diminuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,diminuta,,,,,"Robinson, 1976", 59172,Bolitoglossa lignicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,lignicolor,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)","

Localities in the Caribbean drainage of northern Costa Rica, as mentioned by Brame and Wake (1963) refer to misidentified specimens of Bolitoglossa alvaradoi (Hertz 2015).

" 59193,Bolitoglossa peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,peruviana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)","This form is likely a complex of at least four species (Elmer et al. 2013). A species complex with the nominal species likely restricted to the region of Moyobamba, San Martín, Peru, but with cryptic species in the complex found on the Amazonian slopes of northern Peru and Ecuador (Frost 2016)." 59210,Bolitoglossa striatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,striatula,,,,,"(Noble, 1918)", 59227,Chiropterotriton magnipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,magnipes,,,,,"Rabb, 1965", 59323,Oedipina savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,savagei,,,,,"García-París & Wake, 2000", 59327,Oedipina uniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,uniformis,,,,,"Keferstein, 1868", 5933,Cualac tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cualac,tessellatus,,,,,"Miller, 1956", 5952,Cumberlandia monodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Cumberlandia,monodonta,,,,,"(Say, 1829)","This taxon, originally known as Margaritifera monodonta, was removed from the 1996 Red List but kept on the Mollusc SG database as Not Evaluated." 59543,Dermophis glandulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Dermophis,glandulosus,,,,,"Taylor, 1955","This species was removed from the synonymy of Dermophis mexicanus by Savage and Wake (2001). Its taxonomic status is unclear, and the conspecificity of the disjunct populations is unknown." 59547,Dermophis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Dermophis,occidentalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1955",Savage and Wake (2001) removed this species from synonymy with Dermophis parviceps. Its taxonomic status is unclear. 5958,Cuora amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,amboinensis,,,,,"(Riche in Daudin, 1801)",This species is under taxonomic review and it is likely to be split into five species (P. Praschag pers. comm. 2018). 59660,Arthroleptis adelphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,adelphus,,,,,"Perret, 1966","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. This is likely to be a complex of several species (V. Gvozdik pers.comm. Nov 2012). In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.) considers that Artholeptis adelphus might be a synonym of A. tuberosus." 596,Afrixalus aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,aureus,,,,,"Pickersgill, 1984", 5,Aaadonta fuscozonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Aaadonta,fuscozonata,,,,,"(Beddome, 1889)","Two subspecies have been described, namely: fuscozonata s.str. and depressa Solem 1976." 6004,Cyclanorbis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Cyclanorbis,elegans,,,,,"(Gray, 1869)", 6009,Cycloderma frenatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Cycloderma,frenatum,,,,,"Peters, 1854", 152784762,Gymnura micrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,micrura,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",Gymnura micrura has been redescribed with G. lessae and G. sereti split out from G. micrura as separate species (Yokota and Carvalho 2017). 60128,Rhinoptera bonasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,RHINOPTERIDAE,Rhinoptera,bonasus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","This species is sometimes confused with Rhinoptera brasiliensis, which can only be distinguished from R. bonasus by counting the series of toothplates. Rhinoptera bonasus usually have seven series of plates in both jaws, while R. brasiliensis teeth are typically arranged in series of nine (Last et al. 2016)." 60135,Tetronarce puelcha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,puelcha,,,,,"(Lahille, 1926)", 60140,Harriotta raleighana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Harriotta,raleighana,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1895", 60154,Dasyatis hypostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Dasyatis,hypostigma,,,,,"Santos & Carvalho, 2004","This species has been mistaken mainly for Dasyatis (=Hypanus) say but also for Dasyatis pastinaca in the past. The specific name has been misspelled as hipostigma, including in the original description." 60159,Hypanus say,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,say,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)","The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis and it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae.

Until recently, the species name usually was spelled as sayi rather than say. This is not a synonymy, simply a change to conform to original spelling." 60161,Styracura schmardae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Styracura,schmardae,,,,,"(Werner, 1904)", 60189,Hydrolagus alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,alberti,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951", 60201,Sphyrna media,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,media,,,,,"Springer, 1940", 60202,Sphyrna tudes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,tudes,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1822)", 60203,Mustelus schmitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,schmitti,,,,,"Springer, 1939", 60204,Mustelus higmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,higmani,,,,,"Springer & Lowe, 1963", 60206,Mustelus sinusmexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,sinusmexicanus,,,,,"Heemstra, 1997",This Gulf of Mexico endemic species has sometimes been mistaken for the sympatric Dusky Smoothound (Mustelus canis) and Narrowfin Smoothhound (M. norrisi) in its limited offshore range (Heemstra 1997). 60209,Cirrhigaleus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Cirrhigaleus,asper,,,,,"(Merrett, 1973)",The western Atlantic and Pacific Ocean forms are thought to be different species (Ebert et al. 2013) 60210,Euprotomicrus bispinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Euprotomicrus,bispinatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 60212,Isistius plutodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Isistius,plutodus,,,,,"Garrick & Springer, 1964",This species might be confused with the congener Cookiecutter Shark (Isistius brasiliensis). 60214,Squaliolus laticaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Squaliolus,laticaudus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912",Seigel et al. (1977) considered Squaliolus sarmenti and S. aliae as synonyms of S. laticaudus. Sasaki and Uyeno (1987) subsequently removed S. aliae from the synonymy as distinct and the genus now contains these two widely recognised species. Squaliolus laticaudus is sympatric with S. aliae in some regions. 60215,Zameus squamulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Zameus,squamulosus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 60217,Carcharhinus perezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,perezi,,,,,"(Poey, 1876)",The scientific name for this species is often misspelled as Carcharhinus perezii. Carcharhinus springeri Sadowsky & Amorim 1977 is considered a synonym (Soto 2001). 60218,Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Isogomphodon,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 60219,Carcharhinus signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,signatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 144136822,Carcharhinus porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,porosus,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1839)","Castro (2011) resurrected Carcharhinus cerdale, considering it distinct from C. porosus. Carcharhinus cerdale is restricted to the Eastern Pacific and C. porosus to the Western Atlantic." 144141186,Ginglymostoma cirratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE,Ginglymostoma,cirratum,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","Nurse sharks occurring in the eastern Pacific were formerly considered part of this species concept, however the Pacific Nurse Shark (Ginglymostoma unami) has now been formally described as a separate species (Del Moral-Flores et al. 2015)." 60225,Isurus paucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,LAMNIDAE,Isurus,paucus,,,,,"Guitart, 1966", 60230,Parmaturus campechiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,campechiensis,,,,,"Springer, 1979", 60236,Etmopterus bigelowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,bigelowi,,,,,"Shirai & Tachikawa, 1993",Previously confused with the similar but smaller Etmopterus pusillus until described as a distinct species by Shirai and Tachikawa (1993). 60239,Etmopterus hillianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,hillianus,,,,,"(Poey, 1861)", 6026,Cyclura carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,carinata,,,,,"Harlan, 1824","The previous assessment of the Turks and Caicos Rock Iguana (Gerber 2004) recommended additional genetic studies to fully evaluate the subspecific designation of Cyclura carinata bartschi (Cochran 1931) on Booby Cay, located 0.5 km off the east end of Mayaguana Island, The Bahamas. Two independent population genetic studies have now demonstrated that iguanas on Booby Cay are not genetically different from C. carinata in the Turks and Caicos Islands, and therefore should not be considered as a separate subspecies (Bryan et al. 2007, Welch et al. 2017). Further, the Booby Cay population is genetically most similar to populations from the eastern side of the Caicos Bank, rather than the most geographically proximate populations on the western and northern sides of the Caicos Banks (Welch et al. 2017). Since it is likely that humans introduced iguanas to Booby Cay, this population is not included in the species’ extent of occurrence.

Welch et al. (2017) describe the existence of two distinct Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs, sensu Moritz 1994) for C. carinata: one inhabiting islands on the western end of the Caicos Bank, and one inhabiting the remaining islands of the Caicos Bank and islands of the Turks Bank. Multiple management units (MUs) are also identified within each ESU (Welch et al. 2017). Considering the severe geographic and genetic fragmentation of iguanas across the archipelago these authors recommended the two ESUs be elevated as different subspecies." 6031,Cyclura pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,pinguis,,,,,"Barbour, 1917","Fossils from Puerto Rico were originally described by Barbour (1919) and named Cyclura portoricensis. These and additional fossils from Puerto Rico were re-examined by Pregill (1981) and attributed to Anegada Rock Iguanas, Cyclura pinguis." 6032,Cyclura ricordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,ricordii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 6042,Cyclura cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,cornuta,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1789)","Prior to 2000 three subspecies were commonly recognized: Cyclura cornuta cornuta from Dominican Republic and Haiti, Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri from Mona Island, Puerto Rico, and the extinct Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis from Navassa Island (Schwartz and Carey 1977). That taxonomy has subsequently been followed by some authors (for example, Malone et al. 2000, Pérez-Buitrago et al. 2007, and references therein). However, all three taxa are now recognized as species (ITWG 2016)." 60444,Poecilia reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,reticulata,,,,,"Peters, 1859","

Poecilia obscura was originally elevated as a distinct species based on molecular phylogenetic analysis utilizing mitochondrial DNA, and based on differences in gonopodial characteristics (Schories et al. 2009). The authors of this description were unable to describe this new species based on morphological characteristics alone, and therefore conclude that it comprises a cryptic species complex with P. reticulata (Schories et al. 2009). A  number of authors have expressed concern regarding the validity of P. obscura as a distinct species from P. reticulata, versus considerable intraspecific variation or sub-species status (Sievers 2011, Baillie 2012). Phillip et al. (2013) follows Baillie (2012) in rejecting P. obscura as a valid species, whose analysis indicates substantial gene flow between the Quare River (Oropouche watershed) and the Madamas River (situated on the north shore and known to harbour P. reticulata). Further evidence suggests the occurrence of individuals that display both Caroni and Oropouche genotypes, corresponding to P. reitculata and P. obscura, respectively (Baillie 2012). Further study failed to detect behavioural or life history differences between P. obscura and P. reticulata and rapid production of viable hybrids offspring is apparent (Sievers 2011).


Therefore, P. obscura is included within the existing assessment of P. reticulata as a junior synonym of the latter.

" 61250,Lutjanus argentimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,argentimaculatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 61295,Ctenopharyngodon idella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Ctenopharyngodon,idella,,,,,"(Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844)", 6133,Cyprinella bocagrande,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,bocagrande,,,,,"(Chernoff & Miller, 1982)", 6138,Cyprinella panarcys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,panarcys,,,,,"(Hubbs & Miller, 1978)", 61398,Atlantoraja cyclophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Atlantoraja,cyclophora,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 61407,Rhizoprionodon porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Rhizoprionodon,porosus,,,,,"(Poey, 1861)", 61416,Squalus cubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,cubensis,,,,,"Howell Rivero, 1936",This species is sometimes confused with Squalus clarkae and may be confused with recently described or undescribed species in the South Atlantic (C.F. Cotton unpubl. data 2020). 61419,Zapteryx brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Zapteryx,brevirostris,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)", 6141,Cyprinella xanthicara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,xanthicara,,,,,"(Minckley & Lytle, 1969)", 6143,Cyprinella alvarezdelvillari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,alvarezdelvillari,,,,,"Contreras-Balderas & Lozano-Vilano, 1994", 6144,Cyprinodon alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,alvarezi,,,,,"Miller, 1976", 6145,Cyprinodon atrorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,atrorus,,,,,"Miller, 1968", 6146,Cyprinodon beltrani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,beltrani,,,,,"Álvarez, 1949", 6147,Cyprinodon bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,bifasciatus,,,,,"Miller, 1968", 6153,Cyprinodon fontinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,fontinalis,,,,,"Smith & Miller, 1980", 6154,Cyprinodon labiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,labiosus,,,,,"Humphries & Miller, 1981", 6155,Cyprinodon latifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,latifasciatus,,,,,"Garman, 1881", 6156,Cyprinodon macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,macrolepis,,,,,"Miller, 1976", 6158,Cyprinodon maya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,maya,,,,,"Humphries & Miller, 1981", 6159,Cyprinodon meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,meeki,,,,,"Miller, 1976", 6160,Cyprinodon nazas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,nazas,,,,,"Miller, 1976",

The population restricted to the Aguanaval River is likely a distinct species (Echelle and Echelle 1998). Validation at the species level would result in a non-genuine reduction in the distribution of C. nazas.

6162,Cyprinodon pachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,pachycephalus,,,,,"Minckley & Minckley, 1986 ", 6167,Cyprinodon simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,simus,,,,,"Humphries & Miller, 1981", 6170,Cyprinodon verecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,verecundus,,,,,"Humphries, 1984", 6174,Cyprinodon longidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,longidorsalis,,,,,"Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993", 61759,Melanophryniscus krauczuki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,krauczuki,,,,,"Baldo & Basso, 2004", 6175,Cyprinodon veronicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,veronicae,,,,,"Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993", 6176,Cyprinodon inmemoriam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,inmemoriam,,,,,"Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993", 6177,Cyprinodon ceciliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,ceciliae,,,,,"Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993", 6182,Cyprogenia aberti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyprogenia,aberti,,,,,"Conrad, 1850", 61849,Cophyla berara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,berara,,,,,"Vences, Andreone & Glaw, 2005", 61889,Pseudophilautus stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,stuarti,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)", 62191,Astyanax mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,mexicanus,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1853)","Formerly included as a subspecies of Astyanax fasciatus. Although considered by recent authors (e.g. Miller et al. 2005) as the species present in northern Mexico and Texas, with several cave populations, Schmitter-Soto (2017) restricted A. mexicanus to the Balsas and adjacent Pacific drainages in Mexico." 62194,Catostomus discobolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,discobolus,,,,,"Cope, 1871", 62195,Catostomus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,occidentalis,,,,,"Ayres, 1854", 62196,Catostomus rimiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,rimiculus,,,,,"Gilbert and Snyder, 1898", 62197,Chasmistes liorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Chasmistes,liorus,,,,,"Jordan, 1878","Original population in Utah Lake may be extinct. When numbers were low, Chasmistes liorus hybridized with Catostomus ardens, which apparently led to introgression of new characters into the population; now this form (described as a new subspecies, Chasmistes liorus mictus), is abundant, according to Miller and Smith (1981). Ongoing research may reveal if any unhybridized Chasmistes liorus remain.

Catostomus fecundus is an invalid taxon because it was based on hybrids between Catostomus ardens and Chasmistes liorus.

Chasmistes and Deltistes are closely related to the older, more diverse, widespread genus Catostomus; Chasmistes species are distinctive in having branched gill rakers and a terminal mouth (Scoppettone and Vinyard 1991).

Harris and Mayden (2001) used molecular data to examine phylogenetic relationships of major clades of Catostomidae. In all trees, Scartomyzon was paraphyletic and embedded in Moxostoma, and Catostomus was never recovered as monophyletic (Xyrauchen was embedded within Catostomus). They concluded that the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic composition of taxa presently included in Moxostoma and Scartomyzon are in need of further study, as are the relationships and composition of the genera Catostomus, Chasmistes, Deltistes , and Xyrauchen, and the phylogenetic affinites of Erimyzon and Minytrema.

See Smith (1992) for a study of the phylogeny and biogeography of the Catostomidae." 62207,Rhodeus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Kner, 1866)", 62217,Mayaheros urophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mayaheros,urophthalmus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","The species is here understood as encompassing all nominal subspecies described by Hubbs (1936, 1938) and other authors, and elevated to species status without a comprehensive analysis in some works (e.g. by Říčan et al. 2016). A recent morphological and genetic review found no support for more than one species (Barrientos-Villalobos et al. 2018). Several of the Hubbsian subspecies have been listed as vulnerable (e.g. by Jelks et al. 2008), but these assessments do not refer to Mayaheros urophthalmus proper." 62222,Plecoglossus altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLECOGLOSSIDAE,Plecoglossus,altivelis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","Two subspecies are recognised and are considered junior synonyms: Plecoglossus altivelis chinensis Wu & Shan, 2005 (Shandong Province, China) and Plecoglossus altivelis ryukyuensis Nishida, 1988 (Ryukyu Islands, Japan)." 62234,Drymarchon corais,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymarchon,corais,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Wüster et al. (2001) described a new species of Drymarchon from northwestern Venezuela, bringing the species total for the genus to four (five if couperi is recognized as a species). This taxonomic rearrangement treats D. corais and D. melanurus as distinct species. The species in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America west of the Andes and in Venezuela is D. melanurus. D. corais occurs in South America east of the Andes (Wüster et al. 2001).  Wüster et al. (2001) also recognized D. couperi and D. margaritae, previously considered subspecies, as full species but without examining specimens, based on previously published (but unspecified) morphological differences and application of the evolutionary species concept. Subsequent checklists (e.g. Crother et al. 2003, Collins and Taggart 2002) have adopted this taxonomy.

McCranie (2011) agreed with these taxonomic changes, but noted that these actions were taken on the basis of limited sampling and emphasized the need for further study to clarify the taxonomy of this group. The resulting concept of D. melanurus is likely to be a species complex; McCranie (2011) suggested that two species-level taxa may be included under the name D. melanurus in Honduras alone." 62241,Naja naja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,naja,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Naja naja was described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Coluber naja basing on drawings by Seba (1734) from India (Smith 1943)." 62252,Varanus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,griseus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","The morphological diversity of this species complex is not adequately reflected in current subspecific divisions (Auliya and Koch 2020). This species is divided into three subspecies which occupy distinct geographical regions and can be identified by size, tail shape, and the number of bands on the body and tail. Varanus griseus griseus has a rounded tail and highest number of bands, Varanus griseus caspius reaches the largest size and has a laterally compressed tail, while Varanus griseus koniecznyi is the smallest subspecies and has the fewest bands (Stanner 2004). " 62262,Epioblasma torulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,torulosa,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","This species is comprised of several recognized forms (torulosa, gubernaculum, rangiana, and cincinnatiensis), but it is not clear whether these forms represent ecophenotypic variation, true subspecies, or a species complex. The entire species group exhibits considerable ecophenotypic variation. Epioblasma was formerly placed in the genera Unio, Truncilla, and Dysnomia (Johnson 1978).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 6229,Dalatias licha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Dalatias,licha,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 63101,Psammobatis rutrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Psammobatis,rutrum,,,,,"Jordan, 1891", 63107,Callorhinchus callorynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CALLORHINCHIDAE,Callorhinchus,callorynchus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Molecular studies are required to determine the level of genetic distinctness between the species in the Southwest Atlantic and the Southeast Pacific. 63108,Etmopterus gracilispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,gracilispinis,,,,,"Krefft, 1968", 63109,Rioraja agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Rioraja,agassizii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)", 63110,Atlantoraja platana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Atlantoraja,platana,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 63116,Dipturus trachydermus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,trachydermus,,,,,"(Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)","The spellings Dipturus trachyderma and Dipturus trachydermus have been used for this species. The basionym is Raja trachyderma and the valid name is Dipturus trachydermus following grammatical rules. While Fricke et al. (2019) use Dipturus trachyderma, we follow Last et al. (2016) which correctly uses Dipturus trachydermus." 116856245,Etmopterus granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,granulosus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)","Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957 is a junior synonym of E. granulosus (Straube et al. 2015). Etmopterus tasmaniensis Myagkov & Pavlov, 1986 is a probable junior synonym of E. granulosus (Weigmann 2016)." 63121,Psammobatis lentiginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Psammobatis,lentiginosa,,,,,"McEachran, 1983", 63124,Dipturus mennii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,mennii,,,,,"Gomes & Paragó, 2001","Dipturus diehli Soto & Mincarone, 2001, as known only from the holotype taken off Santa Catarina, Brazil (29°39´S, 47°50´W) at a depth of 480 m, is likely a synonym of D. mennii and is treated here as such." 63133,Malacoraja obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Malacoraja,obscura,,,,,"Carvalho, Gomes & Gadig, 2005", 63137,Bathyraja schroederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,schroederi,,,,,"(Krefft, 1968)", 63142,Narcine bancroftii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,bancroftii,,,,,"(Griffith & Smith, 1834)","Based on geographical separation and differences in tooth row counts and coloration, Carvalho (1999) considered Narcine bancroftii and N. brasiliensis to be distinct species. However, intraspecific differences in tooth row counts among individuals of varying sizes were observed. Genetic analyses of Narcine specimens from throughout their range in the Western Atlantic Ocean are needed to confirm the presence of two species. Narcine bancrofti is a frequent misspelling of the species name." 63143,Bathyraja magellanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,magellanica,,,,,"(Philippi, 1902)","Compagno (1999, 2005) reallocated this species from Bathyraja to the genus Rhinoraja but the validity of this move remains unconfirmed. Both are currently in use, until a definitive systematic revision of these genera is conducted." 63144,Bathyraja multispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,multispinis,,,,,"(Norman, 1937)","Compagno (1999, 2005) reallocated this species from Bathyraja to the genus Rhinoraja but the validity of this move remains unconfirmed. Both are currently in use, until a definitive systematic revision of these genera is conducted." 63151,Hydrolagus matallanasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,matallanasi,,,,,"Soto & Vooren, 2004", 104065040,Bathytoshia centroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Bathytoshia,centroura,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","Bathytoshia formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis, which is now recognised as a valid species (Last et al. 2016); hence Dasyatis (Bathytoshia) centroura is now Bathytoshia centroura. This western Atlantic species is not conspecific with Bathytoshia of the eastern Atlantic (Last et al. 2016); the eastern Atlantic population that was formerly included within Dasyatis centroura is now included within B. lata (Last et al. 2016). The status of the single record from India is unknown." 63153,Gymnura altavela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,altavela,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 63157,Narcine brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Olfers, 1831)","Recent revisions have subdivided the previously wide-ranging Narcine brasiliensis into Narcine bancroftii (Griffith, 1834) which is widely distributed from North Carolina, USA, through parts of the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the northern coast of South America and Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers, 1831) which is endemic to the Southwest Atlantic in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina (Carvalho 1999, Last et al. 2016)." 63161,Gurgesiella atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Gurgesiella,atlantica,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)", 63238,Hemigrammopetersius barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Hemigrammopetersius,barnardi,,,,,"(Herre, 1936)", 63682,Abronia matudai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,matudai,,,,,"(Hartweg & Tihen, 1946)", 63686,Abronia ochoterenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,ochoterenai,,,,,"(Martin del Campo, 1939)", 63698,Celestus rozellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,rozellae,,,,,"(Smith, 1942)", 63731,Adelphicos quadrivirgatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,quadrivirgatum,,,,,"Jan, 1862", 63732,Adelphicos sargii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,sargii,,,,,"Fischer, 1885",Köhler (2008) included this species in Adelphicos quadrivirgatus. 63748,Coluber constrictor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,constrictor,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Western populations have been proposed to constitute a distinct species, Coluber mormon (Fitch et al. 1981), but this distinction has been demonstrated to be invalid (Corn and Bury 1986; see also Greene 1984)." 63750,Coniophanes imperialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,imperialis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1859)", 63755,Coniophanes quinquevittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,quinquevittatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 63757,Coniophanes schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,schmidti,,,,,"Bailey, 1937", 63758,Conophis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Conophis,lineatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 63760,Conophis vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Conophis,vittatus,,,,,"Peters, 1860", 63770,Dipsas brevifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,brevifacies,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 63774,Drymarchon melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymarchon,melanurus,,,,,"(Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854)","Wüster et al. (2001) described a new species of Drymarchon from northwestern Venezuela, bringing the species total for the genus to four (five if couperi is recognized as a species). This taxonomic rearrangement treats D. corais and D. melanurus as distinct species. The species in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America west of the Andes and in Venezuela is D. melanurus. D. corais occurs in South America east of the Andes (Wüster et al. 2001).  Wüster et al. (2001) also recognized D. couperi and D. margaritae, previously considered subspecies, as full species but without examining specimens, based on previously published (but unspecified) morphological differences and application of the evolutionary species concept. Subsequent checklists (e.g. Crother et al. 2003, Collins and Taggart 2002) have adopted this taxonomy.
McCranie (2011) agreed with these taxonomic changes, but noted that these actions were taken on the basis of limited sampling and emphasized the need for further study to clarify the taxonomy of this group. The resulting concept of D. melanurus is likely to be a species complex; McCranie (2011) suggested that two species-level taxa may be included under the name D. melanurus in Honduras alone." 63790,Geophis cancellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,cancellatus,,,,,"Smith, 1941", 63791,Geophis carinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,carinosus,,,,,"Stuart, 1941", 63796,Geophis immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,immaculatus,,,,,"Downs, 1967", 63806,Geophis nasalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,nasalis,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 63811,Geophis rhodogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,rhodogaster,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 63824,Imantodes tenuissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Imantodes,tenuissimus,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)","This species was previously incorrectly referred to as Imantodes tennuissimus Cope, 1866." 63835,Leptodeira frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,frenata,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)", 63837,Leptodeira nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,nigrofasciata,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 63841,Leptophis modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 63851,Mastigodryas melanolomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,melanolomus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","This species has often been placed in the genus Dryadophis, but Dixon and Tipton (2004) placed it in Mastigodryas on the basis of seniority." 63858,Ninia diademata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,diademata,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 63872,Pituophis lineaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pituophis,lineaticollis,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 63877,Pliocercus elapoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pliocercus,elapoides,,,,,"Cope, 1860","Some authors consider the northern populations of the Yucatan peninsula as a separate species, Pliocercus andrewsi, but here it is considered a subspecies." 64003310,Phrynonax poecilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Phrynonax,poecilonotus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","Jadin et al. (2013) investigated the systematics of Pseustes (for which they resurrected the senior synonym Phrynonax), within which they recognized the species P. poecilonotus, P. shropshirei, and P. polylepis (the latter resurrected from synonymy within P. poecilonotus). Natera-Munaw et al. (2015) resurrected the name Phrynonax lyoni encompassing both Venezuelan records of P. shropshirei and an eastern coastal subpopulation of P. polylepis, the latter without examining the specimens. The characters these authors use to distinguish P. lyoni are, however, confusing and examination of the eastern coastal specimens confirms their assignment to P. polylepis (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2016). On this basis, this account follows a traditional concept of P. shropshirei encompassing the Venezuelan populations, and P. lyoni is retained as a junior synonym of P. poecilonotus." 63893,Rhadinella hannsteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,hannsteini,,,,,"(Stuart, 1949)", 63896,Rhadinella kinkelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,kinkelini,,,,,"(Boettger, 1898)", 63897,Rhadinella lachrymans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,lachrymans,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 63917,Sibon dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 63920,Sibon sanniolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,sanniolus,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)","Campbell (1998) suggests that the southern population, found in Belize and Guatemala, may represent a different species from the Mexican population." 63926,Stenorrhina freminvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stenorrhina,freminvillei,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 63928,Storeria dekayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Storeria,dekayi,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1842)",The subspecies victa of peninsular Florida is treated as a species by some authors. 63933,Symphimus mayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Symphimus,mayae,,,,,"(Gaige, 1936)", 63943,Tantilla cuniculator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,cuniculator,,,,,"Smith, 1939", 63948,Tantilla impensa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,impensa,,,,,"Campbell, 1998", 63949,Tantilla jani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,jani,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)",We follow Campbell (1998) in considering Tantilla cuesta to be a synonym of this species. 63951,Tantilla moesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,moesta,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 63958,Tantilla rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,rubra,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 63967,Tantillita brevissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantillita,brevissima,,,,,"(Taylor, 1937)", 63968,Tantillita canula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantillita,canula,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 63969,Tantillita lintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantillita,lintoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1940)", 63975,Thamnophis cyrtopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,cyrtopsis,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1860)", 63980,Thamnophis fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,fulvus,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1893)", 64004,Laemanctus serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Laemanctus,serratus,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 64020,Micrurus browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,browni,,,,,"Schmidt & Smith, 1943", 64023,Micrurus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,elegans,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)", 64027,Micrurus latifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,latifasciatus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1933", 64052,Sphaerodactylus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,notatus,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 64091,Sceloporus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,carinatus,,,,,"Smith, 1936", 64094,Sceloporus chrysostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,chrysostictus,,,,,"Cope, 1867", 64114,Sceloporus internasalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,internasalis,,,,,"Smith & Bumzahen, 1955", 64120,Sceloporus lundelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,lundelli,,,,,"Smith, 1939",The Mexican populations are one subspecies and the Guatemalan/Belize species are another that could potentially be elevated to species status (J. Lee pers. comm.). 64125,Sceloporus melanorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,melanorhinus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1876", 64144,Sceloporus siniferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,siniferus,,,,,"Cope, 1869","Some uncertainty remains concerning the taxonomic status of Sceloporus cupreus (see: Smith and Taylor 1950, Wiens and Reeder 1997, Bell et al. 2003). We retain cupreus within siniferus pending conclusive studies into this relationship." 64146,Sceloporus smaragdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,smaragdinus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873", 64152,Sceloporus taeniocnemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,taeniocnemis,,,,,"Cope, 1885", 64154,Sceloporus teapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,teapensis,,,,,"Gunther, 1890",Some experts consider this species conspecific with Sceloporus variabilis (Mendoza-Quijano et al. 1998). 64243,Mesoscincus schwartzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mesoscincus,schwartzei,,,,,"Fischer, 1884", 64247,Holcosus chaitzami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,chaitzami,,,,,"(Stuart, 1942)", 64248,Aspidoscelis angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,angusticeps,,,,,"Cope, 1878", 64275,Aspidoscelis maslini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,maslini,,,,,"(Fritts, 1969)", 64277,Aspidoscelis motaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,motaguae,,,,,"Sackett, 1941", 64294,Amerotyphlops microstomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,microstomus,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)",Was previously listed on The IUCN Red List under the genus Typhlops but is now treated under Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 64295,Amerotyphlops tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,tenuis,,,,,"(Salvin, 1860)",Was previously listed on The IUCN Red List under the genus Typhlops but is now treated under Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 64296,Agkistrodon bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Agkistrodon,bilineatus,,,,,"Günther, 1863","Parkinson et al. (2000) concluded that Agkistrodon bilineatus howardgloydii and A. b. russeolus should not be elevated to species status based on shallow mitochondrial divergence and similar morphologies. Although noting that sample sizes in this study were low and covered only a small number of localities, Porras et al. (2013) reinterpreted this evidence and along with comparisons of colour patterns, proposed that A. b. howardgloydi and A. b. russeolus should be elevated to species status. These taxa were, however, retained within A. bilineatus by Wallach (2014)." 64301,Atropoides olmec,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atropoides,olmec,,,,,"(Pérez-Higareda, Smith & Juliá, 1985)", 64302,Bothriechis aurifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,aurifer,,,,,"(Salvin, 1860)", 64303,Bothriechis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,bicolor,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1868)", 6624,Tampichthys dichromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tampichthys,dichromus,,,,,"(Hubbs & Miller, 1977)", 6626,Tampichthys mandibularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tampichthys,mandibularis,,,,,"(Contreras-Balderas & Verduzco-Martínez, 1977)", 6654,Diplommatina inflatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,inflatula,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 6655,Diplommatina lamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,lamellata,,,,,"(Crosse, 1865)", 6656,Diplommatina lutea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,lutea,,,,,"Beddome, 1889", 6657,Diplommatina pyramis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,pyramis,,,,,, 6658,Diplommatina ringens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,ringens,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 6,Aaadonta irregularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Aaadonta,irregularis,,,,,"Semper, 1874", 7091,Elachistodon westermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elachistodon,westermanni,,,,,"Reinhardt, 1863","Elachistodon westermanni was described by Reinhardt in 1863 based on specimens collected from Rangapur, Bangladesh (Smith 1943)." 7134,Eleotris sandwicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,sandwicensis,,,,,"Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875", 7143,Eleutherodactylus cavernicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,cavernicola,,,,,"Lynn, 1954", 7144,Eleutherodactylus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,fuscus,,,,,"Lynn & Dent, 1943", 7145,Eleutherodactylus junori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,junori,,,,,"Dunn, 1926",Without knowledge of calls or habitat this species cannot be readily separated from Eleutherodactylus gossei (Schwartz and Fowler 1973). 7147,Eleutherodactylus semipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,semipalmatus,,,,,"Shreve, 1936", 7148,Eleutherodactylus sisyphodemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,sisyphodemus,,,,,"Crombie, 1977", 7582,Elimia ampla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,ampla,,,,,"(Anthony, 1854)", 7588,Elimia variata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,variata,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1861)","Elimia showalteri, Elimia variata, and Elimia olivula may only be clinal variants of a single-species (Bogan and Pierson 1993)." 7589,Elimia clausa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,clausa,,,,,"(Lea, 1861)", 7590,Elimia fusiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,fusiformis,,,,,"(Lea, 1861)", 7593,Elimia jonesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,jonesi,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1936)", 7595,Elimia pilsbryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,pilsbryi,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1927)","This has been recognised as a subspecies of Elimia catonaria. But is in AFS list. A. Bogan comments that other subspecies are also present: E. pastelli (Lea, 1858)." 7598,Elimia varians,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,varians,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1861)","A. Bogan notes that TNC lists this species of uncertain taxonomic status. In fact, it has been suggested that this species together with Elimia cahawbensis, Elimia annettae and Elimia pupoides may represent a single variable species with a cline from headwaters to large riverrs, instead of four distinct species (Bogan and Pierson 1993). In this assessment, however, we stick with the current published taxonomic status of a distinct species." 7602,Elimia bellula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,bellula,,,,,"Lea, 1861", 7610,Elimia interveniens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,interveniens,,,,,"(Lea, 1862)", 7631,Elliptio nigella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,nigella,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1852)", 7633,Elliptio spinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,spinosa,,,,,"(Lea, 1836)", 7652,Elliptoideus sloatianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptoideus,sloatianus,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1840)", 773,Alasmidonta arcula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,arcula,,,,,"Lea, 1838", 774,Alasmidonta atropurpurea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,atropurpurea,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1838)", 776,Alasmidonta raveneliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,raveneliana,,,,,"Lea, 1834", 7778,Entomacrodus cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,cadenati,,,,,"Springer, 1967", 7866,Epioblasma capsaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,capsaeformis,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)", 7877,Epioblasma othcaloogensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,othcaloogensis,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1857)", 7,Aaadonta kinlochi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Aaadonta,kinlochi,,,,,"Solem, 1976","

During recent surveys in Palau, the single specimen found was larger in shell diameter than the paratypes in the Bishop Museum (Honolulu, Hawaii) with which it was compared. Nonetheless, the shell sculpture of the specimen suggests placement in Aaadonta kinlochi and is treated as such in this assessment.

" 8109,Etheostoma australe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,australe,,,,,"Jordan, 1889", 8126,Etheostoma pottsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,pottsii,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 8431,Evarra bustamantei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Evarra,bustamantei,,,,,"Navarro, 1955", 8432,Evarra eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Evarra,eigenmanni,,,,,"Woolman, 1894", 8433,Evarra tlahuacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Evarra,tlahuacensis,,,,,"Meek, 1902", 8641,Fontigens turritella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Fontigens,turritella,,,,,"Hubricht, 1976", 867,Alligator sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Alligator,sinensis,,,,,"Fauvel, 1879", 8708,Fundulus lima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,lima,,,,,"Vaillant, 1894", 8773,Fusconaia cuneolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,cuneolus,,,,,"(Lea, 1840)", 8775,Fusconaia subrotunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,subrotunda,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)", 8777,Pleuronaia barnesiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleuronaia,barnesiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)", 8778,Fusconaia cor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,cor,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 8780,Fusconaia lananensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,lananensis,,,,,"(Frierson, 1901)", 8812,Galaxias gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,gracilis,,,,,"McDowall, 1967", 8813,Galaxias postvectis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,postvectis,,,,,"Clarke, 1899", 8817,Galaxias argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,argenteus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 8818,Neochanna rekohua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Neochanna,rekohua,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1995)", 881,Allotoca maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allotoca,maculata,,,,,"Smith & Miller, 1980","The Holotype of this species was collected by Robert R. Miller and J. Fitzsimons in the Laguna Magdalena in February 1970, Paratopoytpes were added from maintained and raised fish fom the same collection from the University in Michigan, Ann Arbor. Paratypes go back to a collection of Charles Turner from the Hacienda San Sebastián in 1939. All these collection sites belong to the endorheic Laguna Magdalena basin and hence to the Laguna Magdalena subpopulation. Fish E of San Marcos  from the Río San Marcos (Canal del Bajío) are part of the Río Ameca fish fauna and belong therefore to a different subpopulation, the Río San Marcos subpopulation. This subpopulation might go back to a quite recent stream capture." 8887,Gambusia alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,alvarezi,,,,,"Hubbs & Springer, 1957", 8889,Gambusia eurystoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,eurystoma,,,,,"Miller, 1975", 8893,Gambusia hurtadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,hurtadoi,,,,,"Hubbs & Springer, 1957", 8894,Gambusia longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,longispinis,,,,,"Minckley, 1962", 8898,Gambusia krumholzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,krumholzi,,,,,"Minckley, 1963","

Gambusia clarkhubbsi (Edwards et al. 2003) that occurs in San Felipe and Sycamore creeks in Texas has been proposed as a junior synonym of G. krumholzi based on genetic evidence (Echelle et al. 2013). This change has received support from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (Hahn 2017, Cohen et al. 2018). However, G. clarkhubbsi is still considered a valid species by Eschmeyer et al. (2018) and within the Integrated Taxonomy Information System (ITIS 2018). Acceptance of these systematic changes would result in a larger Extent of Occurrence (EOO), Area of Occupancy (AOO), number of locations, and number of subpopulations than is currently recognized, warranting reassessment of G. krumholzi.

" 8916,Garra barreimiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,barreimiae,,,,,"Fowler & Steinitz, 1956","Four subspecies have been described, including G. b. barreimiae, G. b gallagheri Krupp, 1988 and G. b. shawkahensis Banister and Clarke, 1977. A fourth subspecies Garra b. wurayahi was described by Khalaf (2009) but with little distinguishing information; a holotype is listed, albeit in a private collection, and a very short description is made. The taxonomy and distribution of G. barreimiae should reviewed (G. Feulner pers. comm. 2012). A 'blind' subpopulation, recorded by Banister (1984) is often referred to as the ‘Omani blind cave fish’. Banister (1984) and other authors consider it to be a form of Garra barreimiae, and Kruckenhauser et al. (2011) have found that it is not genetically greatly removed from adjacent surface dwelling subpopulations. All these subspecies as well as the blind form are assessed together as G. barreimiae. Molecular genetic analysis of several subpopulations of G. barreimiae in Oman by Kruckenhauser et al. (2011) indicates that the distribution of the species along the interior flank of the Oman mountains may correlate with major watersheds. The overall distribution of G. barreimiae, shown in the Red List map, includes basins in the Saiq Plateau that are inhabited by subpopulations elsewhere identified as Garra longipinnis. Field studies (Feulner 2002) and molecular genetic studies (Kruckenhauser et al. 2011) suggest that these subpopulations are better classified within G. barreimiae. The molecular genetic studies of Kruckenhauser et al. (2011) also suggest that the subpopulations of G. barreimiae from the Gulf of Oman flank of the mountains may in fact be distinct at the species level from those of the interior." 8917,Garra dunsirei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,dunsirei,,,,,"Banister, 1987", 8919,Garra longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,longipinnis,,,,,"Banister & Clarke, 1977","The taxonomic status of G. longipinnis is problematic and needs further analysis. Banister and Clarke (1977) recognized that there were no definitive metric or meristic characters that distinguished it from G. barreimiae. Specimens collected in 2002 from the type region (which was only stated as ""a wadi near the village of Saiq;"" see notes on 'Distribution') did not show the extremely elongated pectoral fins of the type specimens, and exhibited gross features in common with adjacent populations of G. barreimiae, both on the Saiq Plateau to the east (Wadi Manakher) and elsewhere to the west (falaj at Misfah al-'Abriyeen), along the southern flank of the Jebel Akhdar (Feulner 2002). Molecular genetic studies have also placed specimens from the near the type region in the same clade as subpopulations from areas to the west, considered to be G. barreimiae, including those at Misfah al-Abriyeen and the discrete subpopulation of 'Omani blind cave fish' (Kruckenhauser et al. 2011). The situation is further complicated by the observation that specimens from a spring-fed falaj system on the Saiq Plateau, not far from the type region, exhibit certain morphological differences suggestive of a species that is distinct from other specimens named G. longipinnis (Krupp pers. comm. 2011). It remains therefore unclear, if G. longipinnis represent a valid species different from G. barreimiae or a synonym of G. barreimiae." 8,Aaadonta pelewana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Aaadonta,pelewana,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 9021,Chelonoidis duncanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,duncanensis,,,,,"(Pritchard, 1996)","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007,TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. duncanensis as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments    

This species from Pinzón (Duncan Island) was included on IUCN Red Lists before 2007 under the name Geochelone nigra ssp. ephippium. However, this name was interpreted by Pritchard (1996) to actually refer to Chelonoidis abingdonii, the Pinta Giant Tortoise, and therefore was replaced by the name duncanensis Pritchard, 1996, a recommendation accepted by Fritz and Havas (2007) as well as TTWG (2007, 2014). While the name duncanensis is used here, as it has been on the Red List since 2007, a genetic analysis of the ephippium type specimen is planned, which will determine whether the name change is indeed warranted. Many researchers (e.g., Jensen et al. 2015), including most of the Assessors on this account, continue to use the name C. ephippium for the Pinzón Tortoise, and we await genetic analysis for a final determination as to the correct name to use." 9023,Chelonoidis niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,niger,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","

The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007,TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. niger as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments. This species from Floreana has also been referred to in some recent literature as C. elephantopus, but that name is a nomen dubium (TTWG 2009) and should not be used for the this species. The spelling of the specific name was recently changed from nigra to niger as a result of the determination that the gender of the generic name Chelonoidis is actually masculine rather than feminine (Olson and David 2014).

" 9038,Vijayachelys silvatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Vijayachelys,silvatica,,,,,"(Henderson, 1912)",Appeared in IUCN Red Lists prior to 2007 under the generic names Geoemyda and Heosemys. No subspecies or synonymised data. 908,Alosa alabamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,alabamae,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1896", 9188,Gila modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,modesta,,,,,"(Garman, 1881)", 9195,Girardinichthys multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Girardinichthys,multiradiatus,,,,,"(Meek, 1904)","The description by Meek (1904) as Characodon multiradiatus is based on specimens collected by J.N. Rose in the Lerma Lake E of Toluca at the beginning of the 20th century and referred to Girardinichthys innominatus (a synonym of Girardinichthys viviparus) by Evermann and Goldsborough (1902). The species was transfered into the new genus Lermichthys by Hubbs in 1926, temporally overlapping with the description by Jordan and Evermann (1927) as Girardinichthys limnurgus. Finally, Miller and Fitzsimons (1971) placed this species within the genus Girardinichthys. According to its appearance in four different drainages, four subpopulations can be distinguished: The Río Lerma subpopulation (type subpopulation), the Río Pánuco subpopulation, the Río Cutzmala subpopulation and the Lagunas de Zempoala subpopulation." 9196,Girardinichthys viviparus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Girardinichthys,viviparus,,,,,"(Bustamante, 1837)","The Chapultepec Splitfin was the first cyprinodont fish where giving birth to live fish had been observed as early as 1769. However, the description took place much later when Bustamante y Septién descibed Cyprinus viviparus from Mexico City in 1837. The Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker, who was not aware of this description, described the same species in 1860 as ""Girards unnamed fish"": Girardinichthys innominatus, Günther in 1866 as Limnurgus variegatus to replace ""the barbarous name proposed by Bleeker, who never saw the species"". Charles T. Regan finally added with Characodon geddesi (1904) and Limnurgus innominatus (1907) two more synonyms to the list. It took until the year 1957 when José Álvarez del Villar discovered the description of Bustamante and the fish got his final name: Girardinichthys viviparus. No subpopulations are distinguished." 9299,Gobiomorphus alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,alpinus,,,,,"Stokell, 1962", 97246272,Gopherus agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Gopherus,agassizii,,,,,"(Cooper, 1861)","The Desert Tortoise was previously considered to be a single wide-ranging species, Gopherus agassizii (sensu lato), inhabiting the Mojave and Sonoran Desert regions of the southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico (Iverson 1992). The species was eventually found to be polytypic, and Murphy et al. (2011) split out the morphologically and genetically distinct Sonoran Desert subpopulations as Gopherus morafkai, the Sonoran Desert Tortoise. Further analysis demonstrated that G. morafkai was also polytypic and therefore split further to separate and describe the Sinaloan Thornscrub Tortoise further to the south as G. evgoodei (Edwards et al. 2016). This taxonomy of three species of desert tortoises has been accepted by TTWG (2017) and Berry and Murphy (2019)." 9593,Gyraulus cockburni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,cockburni,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1883)", 9696,Hardella thurjii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Hardella,thurjii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","The taxon Hardella indi (Gray, 1870) was traditionally considered a subspecies, Hardella thurjii indi, but was most recently synonymized as insufficiently distinct from the typical form to warrant recognition (Praschag et al. 2007)." 9942,Heosemys spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Heosemys,spinosa,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 9943,Heosemys grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Heosemys,grandis,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)", 1000,Amastra umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,umbilicata,,,,,"L. Pfeiffer, 1856", 1001,Amauris comorana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Amauris,comorana,,,,,"Oberthür, 1897", 10016,Heteropoma fulva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Heteropoma,fulva,,,,,"(Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894)",Treated by some authors under the genus Allepithema. 10017,Heteropoma glabratum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Heteropoma,glabratum,,,,,"(Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894)",Treated by some authors under the genus Allepithema. 10018,Heteropoma pyramis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Heteropoma,pyramis,,,,,"(Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894)",Treated by some authors under the genus Allepithema. 10019,Heteropoma quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Heteropoma,quadrasi,,,,,"(Möllendorff, 1894)",Treated by some authors under the genus Allepithema. 1002,Amauris nossima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Amauris,nossima,,,,,"(Ward, 1870)", 10020,Heteropoma tuberculatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Heteropoma,tuberculatum,,,,,"(Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894)",Treated by some authors under the genus Allepithema. 10021,Heteropoma turritum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Heteropoma,turritum,,,,,"(Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894)",Treated by some authors under the genus Allepithema. 1003,Amauris phoedon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Amauris,phoedon,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 10049,Himeroconcha fusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Himeroconcha,fusca,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorf, 1894", 10050,Himeroconcha lamlanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Himeroconcha,lamlanensis,,,,,"Solem, 1982", 10051,Himeroconcha quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Himeroconcha,quadrasi,,,,,"Möllendorf, 1894", 10052,Himeroconcha rotula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Himeroconcha,rotula,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorf, 1894", 10097,Hippoglossus hippoglossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Hippoglossus,hippoglossus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 10105,Hippopus hippopus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Hippopus,hippopus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Hippopus hippopus has several common names, such as the horse’s hoof clam and strawberry clam. Unlike the Tridacna species, the Hippopus species lack hyaline organs (small pinhole eyes) in their mantles, which also do not extend over their shell margins, and they have a narrow byssal orifice with tight-fitting teeth. The thick shells of H. hippopus have strong radial ribbing and display reddish blotches in irregular bands. Their mantles usually exhibit green, yellow-brown or grey mottled patterns, and their incurrent siphon bears no guard tentacles." 10106,Hippopus porcellanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Hippopus,porcellanus,,,,,"Rosewater, 1982","Hippopus porcellanus was species described from the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines in 1982 (Rosewater 1982). Unlike the elaborate shells of H. hippopus, H. porcellanus has a smoother and thinner shell. This species may be easily mistaken for Tridacna derasa due to its similar shell shape and texture, but the mantles of H. porcellanus are generally grey or brown, lack hyaline organs, and the incurrent siphon has prominent guard tentacles. As with H. hippopus, the mantle does not extend beyond the shell margins, and there is a narrow byssal orifice." 10171,Hirasea acutissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,acutissima,,,,,"Tomiyama, 1996", 10172,Hirasea chichijimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,chichijimana,,,,,"Pilsbry and Hirase, 1902", 10173,Hirasea diplomphalus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,diplomphalus,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10174,Hirasea insignis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,insignis,,,,,"Pilsbry and Hirase, 1904", 10175,Hirasea operculina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,operculina,,,,,"(Gould, 1859)", 10176,Hirasea biconcava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,biconcava,,,,,"Hirase, 1907", 10177,Hirasea eutheca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,eutheca,,,,,"Hirase, 1907", 10178,Hirasea goniobasis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,goniobasis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10179,Hirasea hypolia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,hypolia,,,,,"Hirase, 1907", 10180,Hirasea major,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,major,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10181,Hirasea nesiotica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,nesiotica,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10182,Hirasea planulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,planulata,,,,,"H.A. Pilsbry & Hirasé, 1903", 10183,Hirasea sinuosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,sinuosa,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10184,Hirasea mirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,mirabilis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10185,Hirasea profundispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasea,profundispira,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10186,Hirasiella clara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Hirasiella,clara,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 10187,Hirinaba curytibana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Hirinaba,curytibana,,,,,"Moiretes, 1952", 10188,Hirthia globosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Hirthia,globosa,,,,,"Ancey, 1898","The relationship between Hirthia and Lavigeria is under discussion. Species in this genus may be members of the Lavigeria clade (E. Michel, pers. comm.)." 10189,Hirthia littorina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Hirthia,littorina,,,,,"Ancey, 1898","The relationship between Hirthia and Lavigeria is under discussion. Species in this genus may be members of the Lavigeria clade (E. Michel, pers. comm.)." 10208,Hobbseus petilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Hobbseus,petilus,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1977","Based on morphological differences of the gonopod in this species, there is some uncertainity on the validity of this species (S. Adams pers. comm. 2009)." 10209,Hobbseus valleculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Hobbseus,valleculus,,,,,"(Fitzpatrick, 1967)", 10210,Hobbseus yalobushensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Hobbseus,yalobushensis,,,,,"Fitzpatrick and Busack, 1989",Was incorrectly listed on Red Lists prior to 2008 as Hobbseus valobushensis. 10205,Hobbseus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Hobbseus,attenuatus,,,,,"Black, 1969", 10206,Hobbseus cristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Hobbseus,cristatus,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1955)", 10207,Hobbseus orconectoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Hobbseus,orconectoides,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Payne, 1968", 10215,Holoaden bradei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Holoaden,bradei,,,,,"Lutz, 1958", 10244,Hongolua kondorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Hongolua,kondorum,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 10261,Horaglanis krishnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Horaglanis,krishnai,,,,,"Menon, 1950", 10264,Hucho hucho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Hucho,hucho,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 10299,Eupaludestrina scamandri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,scamandri,,,,,"(Boeters, Monod & Vala, 1977)", 10304,Hydromantes brunus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Hydromantes,brunus,,,,,"Gorman, 1954", 10305,Hydromantes shastae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Hydromantes,shastae,,,,,"Gorman & Camp, 1953", 10335,Hydrosaurus pustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hydrosaurus,pustulatus,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1829)","Two species of Hydrosaurus are currently reported from the Philippines; H. amboinensis in the south and H. pustulatus in the north. However, there is some confusion in the identification of species and consequently the distribution of these species. Further taxonomic studies are needed to clarify the distribution of Hydrosaurus in the Philippines (A. Diesmos pers. comm., 2007)." 10338,Hydrotarsus compunctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Hydrotarsus,compunctus,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1865)", 10339,Hydrotarsus pilosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Hydrotarsus,pilosus,,,,,"Guignot, 1949", 10344,Hygromia golasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Hygromia,golasi,,,,,"Prieto & Puente, 1992", 10345,Hygrotus artus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Hygrotus,artus,,,,,"Fall, 1919", 10355,Bokermannohyla izecksohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,izecksohni,,,,,"(Jim & Caramaschi, 1979)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 10356,Bokermannohyla langei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,langei,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1965)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 10357,Boana secedens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,secedens,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1963)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). The taxonomy of this species remains confused and its identity is unclear (S.P. Carvalho-e-Silva pers. comm. 2004, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021). Specimens from the state of Espirito Santo have been reassigned to Hypsiboas pombali by Weber (2009)." 10542,Hyles hippophaes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,SPHINGIDAE,Hyles,hippophaes,,,,,"(Esper, 1793)", 10566,Hylodes sazimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,sazimai,,,,,"Haddad and Pombal, 1995","Specimens from Itatiaia, and by implication any records from Serra da Mantiqueira, referred to as Hylodes aff. sazimai, belong to an undescribed species (C. Haddad pers. comm. 2021)." 10634,Stereocyclops histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stereocyclops,histrio,,,,,"(Carvalho, 1954)", 10637,Hypena laysanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Hypena,laysanensis,,,,,"(Swezey, 1914)", 10639,Hypena plagiota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Hypena,plagiota,,,,,"(Meyrick, 1899)", 10640,Hypena senicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Hypena,senicula,,,,,"(Meyrick, 1928)", 10641,Hypena newelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Hypena,newelli,,,,,"(Swezey, 1912)", 10713,Euphydryas maturna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphydryas,maturna,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 10720,Hypolysia usambarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Hypolysia,usambarica,,,,,Verdcourt, 10721,Hypolysia connollyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Hypolysia,connollyana,,,,,K. Pfeiffer, 1076,Amblema neislerii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Amblema,neislerii,,,,,"I. Lea, 1858", 10781,Idea electra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Idea,electra,,,,,"(Semper, 1878)", 10782,Idea iasonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Idea,iasonia,,,,,"(Westwood, 1848)", 10783,Idea malabarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Idea,malabarica,,,,,"(Moore, 1877)", 10784,Idea tambusisiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Idea,tambusisiana,,,,,"Bedford-Russell, 1981", 10785,Ideopsis hewitsonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ideopsis,hewitsonii,,,,,"Kirsch, 1877", 10786,Ideopsis klassika,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ideopsis,klassika,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 10787,Ideopsis oberthurii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ideopsis,oberthurii,,,,,"(Doherty, 1891)", 10788,Idiodiaptomus gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Idiodiaptomus,gracilipes,,,,,"(Douwe, 1911)", 10789,Idiomela subplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Idiomela,subplicata,,,,,"Sowerby, 1824", 10791,Idiostatus middlekaufi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Idiostatus,middlekaufi,,,,,"Rentz, 1973", 10797,Idunella sketi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,LILJEBORGIIDAE,Idunella,sketi,,,,,"Karaman, 1980", 10798,Iglica gratulabunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,gratulabunda,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1910)",Haase (1995) considered this species to be a 'problematic taxa' known from few specimens all taken from a 'poorly defined locality'. 10799,Iglica kleinzellensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,kleinzellensis,,,,,"Reischütz, 1981","This species was originally viewed as a subspecies of Iglica gratulabunda (Gloer 2002).  The shell form is variable, as shown by Gloer (2002, p. 142)" 10808,Imnadia panonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,LIMNADIIDAE,Imnadia,panonica,,,,,"Marinček & Petrov, 1984", 10809,Imperturbatia violescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Imperturbatia,violescens,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 10806,Imnadia cristata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,LIMNADIIDAE,Imnadia,cristata,,,,,"Marinček, 1972", 10807,Imnadia banatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,LIMNADIIDAE,Imnadia,banatica,,,,,"Marinček & Valvajter, 1982", 10815,Incerticyclus cinereus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Incerticyclus,cinereus,,,,,"Droüet, 1859", 10816,Incerticyclus martinicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Incerticyclus,martinicensis,,,,,"Shuttleworth, 1857", 10823,Indoreonectes evezardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Indoreonectes,evezardi,,,,,"(Day, 1872)","Indoreonectes evezardi was described by Day (1878) from Poona, India.
" 10830,Ingolfiella longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,INGOLFIELLIDAE,Ingolfiella,longipes,,,,,"Stock, Sket & Iliffe, 1987", 10833,Canarivitrina mascaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Canarivitrina,mascaensis,,,,,"(Morales, 1986)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands have been treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 10834,Insulivitrina reticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,reticulata,,,,,"Mousson, 1872","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 10836,Insulivitrina tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,tuberculata,,,,,"Ibáñez & M.R. Alonso, 1987","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 10838,Io fluvialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Io,fluvialis,,,,,"(Say, 1825)", 10843,Iolaus lulua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,lulua,,,,,"(Riley, 1944)", 10850,Iredaleoconcha caporaphe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Iredaleoconcha,caporaphe,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 10893,Ixalodectes flectocercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ixalodectes,flectocercus,,,,,"Rentz, 1985", 10909,Jacksonena rudis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Jacksonena,rudis,,,,,"(Hedley, 1912)", 10908,Forrestena delicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Forrestena,delicata,,,,,"(Hedley, 1912)", 10915,Japonia hispida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Japonia,hispida,,,,,"Minato, 1982", 10916,Japonia shigetai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Japonia,shigetai,,,,,"Minato, 1985", 10917,Japonia striatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Japonia,striatula,,,,,"Kuroda, 1973", 10918,Jardinella acuminata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,acuminata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10919,Carnarvoncochlea carnarvonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Carnarvoncochlea,carnarvonensis,,,,,"(Ponder & Clark, 1990)", 10920,Jardinella colmani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,colmani,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10921,Jardinella coreena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,coreena,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10922,Jardinella corrugata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,corrugata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10923,Jardinella edgbastonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,edgbastonensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10924,Jardinella eulo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,eulo,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10925,Carnarvoncochlea exigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Carnarvoncochlea,exigua,,,,,"(Ponder & Clark, 1990)", 10926,Jardinella isolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,isolata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10927,Jardinella jesswiseae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,jesswiseae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10928,Jardinella pallida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,pallida,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10929,Jardinella zeidlerorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,zeidlerorum,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1990", 10940,Joiceya praeclarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Joiceya,praeclarus,,,,,, 10941,Jokajdon callizonus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Jokajdon,callizonus,,,,,"(Möllendorff, 1900)", 10942,Jokajdon tumidulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Jokajdon,tumidulus,,,,,"(Möllendorff, 1900)", 10956,Kaliella hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Kaliella,hongkongensis,,,,,"von Möllendorff, no date", 10958,Kapcypridopsis barnardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,CYPRIDIDAE,Kapcypridopsis,barnardi,,,,,"McKenzie, 1977", 10962,Kawanaphila pachomai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Kawanaphila,pachomai,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 10967,Phoniscus aerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Phoniscus,aerosus,,,,,"(Tomes, 1858)","

The taxonomic status and origin of Phoniscus aerosus (spelling changed from 'aerosa' to 'aerosus' for gender agreement) is in question. It was described from two specimens that currently exist as dried skins and damaged skulls in the Natural History Museum, London (Hill 1965). Although it was originally attributed to the “Eastern Coast of South Africa” in the type description, there have been no subsequent specimens of Phoniscus collected from Africa, and most authors no longer consider it part of Africa’s bat fauna (Wilson and Mittermeir 2019, Monadjem et al. 2020). Some authors have suggested these specimens may have originated from Sulawesi (e.g., Wilson and Mittermeir 2019) on the basis that Tomes (1861) identified a specimen from Gorontola, Sulawesi as this species. However, subsequent examination of that Sulawesi specimen, indicated it was morphologically quite distinct from the type specimens of P. aerosus and should be referred to P. rapax (Hill 1965) which is currently treated as a subspecies of P. jagorii (Burgin et al. 2020). Detailed comparisons with all the types and specimens available in European and in North American collections supports the conclusions that P. aerosus most likely doesn't originate from Africa and that the taxon is different from any Southeast Asian forms evaluated.

 

According to Hill (1965) the species most closely resembles P. papuensis (Dobson 1878) which was originally described from Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea and is also considered to occur throughout the east coast of Australia (Loyd and Pennay 2021). Therefore, it is also possible the P. aerosus specimens came from Australia or New Guinea, and may even be a synonym of P. papuensis, in which case, by priority, P aerosus would be the correct name for the species. Detailed morphological and genetic research is required to confirm the identity and determine the origin of these specimens." 1098,Ambystoma californiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,californiense,,,,,"Gray, 1853", 1099,Ambystoma cingulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,cingulatum,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)","Based on patterns of genetic and morphological variation, Pauly et al. (2007) concluded that Ambystoma cingulatum should be split into two species, A. bishopi west of the Apalachicola-Flint rivers and A. cingulatum east of those rivers.

Based on mtDNA evidence,  A. cingulatum (sensu stricto) inhabiting the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain and the Atlantic Coastal Plain in northern Florida are distinct lineages; the Suwannee River and a large distributional gap separate them (Pauly et al. 2012). Further data are needed to determine whether these two lineages warrant recognition as different species (Pauly et al. 2012)." 10995,Kimboraga exanima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Kimboraga,exanima,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 10997,Kimboraga micromphala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Kimboraga,micromphala,,,,,"(Gude, 1907)", 10998,Kimboraga yammerana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Kimboraga,yammerana,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 11002,Kinixys erosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Kinixys,erosa,,,,,"(Schweigger, 1812)", 11027,Knipowitschia thessala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,thessala,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1921)", 11028,Knipowitschia goerneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,goerneri,,,,,"Ahnelt, 1991", 11029,Knipowitschia milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,milleri,,,,,"(Ahnelt & Bianco, 1990)","Some sources consider the congener K. goerneri to be a synonym of K. milleri. Other populations of unidentified Knipowitschia species from the Ionian basin are genetically and morphologically similar to K. milleri, and this has led to many being placed in an unofficial K. cf. milleri species grouping, and the Lake Trichonida and Zakynthos Island populations are also closely related (Geiger et al. 2014, Barbieri et al. 2015)." 11030,Knipowitschia caucasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,caucasica,,,,,"(Berg, 1916)",The variability (morphological and ecological) reported for K. caucasica suggests that this is a complex of several species. 11051,Kondoa kondorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Kondoa,kondorum,,,,,"Nakagawa and Banno, 1989", 11052,Kondoconcha othnius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Kondoconcha,othnius,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 11053,Kondoraphe kiyokoae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Kondoraphe,kiyokoae,,,,,"Clench, 1940", 11054,Konia dikume,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Konia,dikume,,,,,"Trewavas, 1972", 11055,Konia eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Konia,eisentrauti,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1962)", 11059,Kubaryiellus kubaryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Kubaryiellus,kubaryi,,,,,"(Möllendorff, 1900)", 11067,Kusaiea frivola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Kusaiea,frivola,,,,,"(Pease, 1866)", 11068,Kyidris media,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Kyidris,media,,,,,"Wilson & Brown, 1956", 11069,Kyidris yaleogyna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Kyidris,yaleogyna,,,,,"Wilson & Brown, 1956", 11074,Haplochromis ishmaeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,ishmaeli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 11075,Haplochromis pharyngomylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pharyngomylus,,,,,"Regan, 1929", 11076,Haplochromis teegelaari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,teegelaari,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 11077,Haplochromis mylergates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,mylergates,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 11113,Lacerta schreiberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,schreiberi,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1878","A phylogeographic analysis of this species (Paulo 2001) indicated two divergent lineages distributed respectively in the Central Mountain System (Sierras de Bejar, Gredos and Guadarrama) and in the rest of its distribution. Sstudies in the zone of contact between these two lineages suggest that speciation has not yet taken place (Crochet and Dubois 2004), although the recognition of several evolutionarily significant units within the species is warranted (Rödder and Schulte 2010)." 11131,Lacustrelix minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Lacustrelix,minor,,,,,"Solem, 1992", 11132,Lacustrelix yerelinana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Lacustrelix,yerelinana,,,,,"Solem, 1992", 11133,Ladigesocypris ghigii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ladigesocypris,ghigii,,,,,"(Gianferrari, 1927)","Occasionally placed in the genus Squalius, a phylogenetic position not being acceted by following studies." 11134,Ladronellum mariannarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Ladronellum,mariannarum,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorf, 1894", 11191,Ophioglossolambis violacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STROMBIDAE,Ophioglossolambis,violacea,,,,,"(Swainson, 1821)", 11192,Lamellidea biplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,biplicata,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1902)", 11193,Lamellidea microstoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,microstoma,,,,,"(Möllendorff & Quadras, 1894)", 11194,Lamellidea ogasawarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,ogasawarana,,,,,"(Pilsbry & C.M. Cooke, 1915)", 11195,Lamellidea subcylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,subcylindrica,,,,,"(Möllendorff & Quadras, 1894)", 11196,Lamellidea monodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,monodonta,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904)", 11197,Lamellidea nakadai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Lamellidea,nakadai,,,,,"(Pilsbry & C.M. Cooke, 1915)", 11198,Laminella sanguinea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Laminella,sanguinea,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 11203,Lampadia webbiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Lampadia,webbiana,,,,,"(Lowe, 1831)","This genus originally contained two species, one from the Canary Islands, the other from Madeira. These taxa were characterised by large orthostyle shells. Further research on the Canarian taxa L. cuticula, has shown this to be a member of the family Vitrinidae (Alonso et al. 2000, Bank et al. 2002). Hence, Lampadia is now a monotypic genus, with one species restricted to Porto Santo (Seddon 2008)." 11220,Lamprocystis denticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Lamprocystis,denticulata,,,,,"(Quadras and von Möllendorff, 1894)", 11221,Lamprocystis fastigata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Lamprocystis,fastigata,,,,,"Gude, no date", 11222,Lamprocystis hahajimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Lamprocystis,hahajimana,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1902)", 11223,Lamprocystis hornbosteli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Lamprocystis,hornbosteli,,,,,"Baker, 1938", 11224,Lamprocystis misella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Lamprocystis,misella,,,,,"(Förussac, 1821)", 11235,Lampsilis dolabraeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,dolabraeformis,,,,,"I. Lea, 1838", 11237,Lampsilis higginsii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,higginsii,,,,,"(Lea, 1857)", 11241,Hamiota perovalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hamiota,perovalis,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 11244,Lampsilis streckeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,streckeri,,,,,"Frierson, 1927", 11245,Lampsilis virescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,virescens,,,,,"(Lea, 1858)", 11251,Lampsilis binominata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,binominata,,,,,"Simpson, 1900", 11252,Lampsilis bracteata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,bracteata,,,,,"Gould, 1855", 11255,Lampsilis fullerkati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,fullerkati,,,,,"R.I. Johnson, 1984", 11259,Lampsilis powellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,powellii,,,,,"I. Lea, 1852", 11262,Lampsilis satura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,satura,,,,,"I. Lea, 1852", 11279,Lanistes alexandri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,alexandri,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1850", 11280,Lanistes bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,bicarinatus,,,,,"Germain, 1907", 11281,Lanistes ciliatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,ciliatus,,,,,"Von Martens, 1878", 11282,Lanistes elliptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,elliptus,,,,,"Von Martens, 1866",The specific name might be ellipticus. 11283,Lanistes farleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,farleri,,,,,"Craven, 1880", 11284,Lanistes graueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,graueri,,,,,"Thiele, 1911", 11285,Lanistes intortus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,intortus,,,,,"Von Martens, 1877", 11287,Lanistes neavei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,neavei,,,,,"Melvill & Standen, 1907", 11288,Lanistes neritoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,neritoides,,,,,"Brown & Berthold, 1990", 11291,Lanistes stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,stuhlmanni,,,,,"Von Martens, 1897", 11356,Lasius reginae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Lasius,reginae,,,,,"Faber, 1967", 11357,Lasmigona holstonia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lasmigona,holstonia,,,,,"I. Lea, 1838","Until recently Lasmigona etowaensis was considered conspecific with Lasmigona holstonia, but the two were distinguished using genetic analyses (A. Bogan, unpublished data). These two species cannot be reliably separated using conchological characters (Williams et al. 2008).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 11360,Lasmigona decorata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lasmigona,decorata,,,,,"I. Lea, 1852", 11368,Latiaxis babelis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MURICIDAE,Latiaxis,babelis,,,,,"Requien, 1848", 11369,Laticauda crockeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,crockeri,,,,,"Slevin, 1934", 11375,Latimeria chalumnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,SARCOPTERYGII,COELACANTHIFORMES,LATIMERIIDAE,Latimeria,chalumnae,,,,,"Smith, 1939", 11377,Lauria fanalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Lauria,fanalensis,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 11379,Lavigeria grandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Lavigeria,grandis,,,,,"(Smith, 1881)","The taxonomy of Lavigera is currently under large-scale revision. Existing taxonomy (Brown 1994) recognizes only two species (L. grandis and L. nassa), however revision (Michel and Todd, in prep.) will include approximately 43 species. Included here are a few of the name-bearing taxa whose names (from older literature, but not always consistently applied) have been used in relatively recent literature and are included in West et al. (2003). West et al. 2003 includes 20 Lavigera species, Michel et al. 2004 includes 28 species. Extensive ecological information is available on a number of Lavigera species, especially in the Kigoma, Tanzani region. Lavigera grandis is a relatively well defined species and references to it are generally reliable, with the exception of a few confoundings with Lavigera coronata (e.g. Wilson et al. 2004) (E. Michel, pers. comm.)" 11380,Lavigeria nassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Lavigeria,nassa,,,,,"(Woodward, 1859)","The taxonomy of Lavigeria is currently under large-scale revision. Existing taxonomy (Brown 1994) recognizes only two species (L. grandis and L. nassa), however revision (Michel and Todd in prep) will include approximately 43 species. Included here are a few of the name-bearing taxa whose names (from older literature, but not always consistently applied) have been used in relatively recent literature and are included in West et al. (2003). West et al. 2003 includes 20 Lavigeria species, Michel et al. 2004 includes 28 species. Extensive ecological information is available on a number of Lavigeria species, especially in the Kigoma, Tanzania region. (E. Michel, pers. comm.)" 11381,Lechriodus fletcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Lechriodus,fletcheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 11455,Leiostyla abbreviata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,abbreviata,,,,,"Lowe, 1852", 11456,Leiostyla cassidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,cassidula,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 11457,Leiostyla corneocostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,corneocostata,,,,,"Wollaston, 1878", 11458,Leiostyla gibba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,gibba,,,,,"Lowe, 1852", 11459,Leiostyla lamellosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,lamellosa,,,,,"Lowe, 1852", 1146,Ammonitella yatesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MEGOMPHICIDAE,Ammonitella,yatesii,,,,,"J.G. Cooper, 1869", 11460,Leiostyla calathiscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,calathiscus,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 11461,Leiostyla cheilogona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,cheilogona,,,,,"Lowe, 1864", 11462,Leiostyla concinna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,concinna,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 11463,Leiostyla degenerata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,degenerata,,,,,"Wollaston, 1886", 11464,Leiostyla ferraria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,ferraria,,,,,"Lowe, 1852", 11465,Leiostyla filicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,filicum,,,,,"Holyoak & Seddon, 1986", 11466,Leiostyla fusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,fusca,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 11468,Leiostyla laurinea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,laurinea,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 11469,Leiostyla monticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,monticola,,,,,"(Lowe, 1831)", 1147,Ammopelmatus kelsoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Ammopelmatus,kelsoensis,,,,,"Tinkham, 1965", 11470,Leiostyla relevata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,relevata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 11471,Leiostyla vincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,vincta,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 11472,Leiostyla heterodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,heterodon,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1923)","This species was originally listed as a subspecies of L. sphinctostoma, but Waldén (1986, pers. comm) believed that the taxa merited specific status. Bank et al. (2002) treat this as a separate species in their checklist and Seddon (2008) also treated it as a distinct species." 11473,Leiostyla simulator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,simulator,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1923)", 11474,Leiostyla fuscidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,fuscidula,,,,,"Morelet, 1860",The Lauriidae of the Azores are currently under revision. 11475,Leiostyla vermiculosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,vermiculosa,,,,,"Morelet, 1860","The identity of this species has been challenged by Backhuys (1975), considering the possibility that it is a variation of L. rugulosa. The Lauriidae of the Azores are currently under revision." 1148,Ammopelmatus muwu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Ammopelmatus,muwu,,,,,"Rentz & Weissman, 1981", 11484,Lemniscia galeata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Lemniscia,galeata,,,,,"(Lowe, 1862)","

Seddon (2008) noted that this species is apparently allied to Caseolus calva rather than to Lemniscia michaudi. Bank et al. (2002) placed the species in the genus Caseolus, but did not give any grounds for this revision. Wollaston (1878) and Pilsbry (1893-1895) also commented on the lack of similarity to the type species from Porto Santo, so on the basis of shell characters to other Caseolus species, the view of Bank et al. (2002) is used.

" 11485,Lemniscia michaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Lemniscia,michaudi,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1832)", 11501,Lentipes concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,concolor,,,,,"(Gill, 1860)", 11534,Lepidochelys olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELONIIDAE,Lepidochelys,olivacea,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1829)", 1158,Ampelita julii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACAVIDAE,Ampelita,julii,,,,,"Fisher-Piette & Gourreau, 1965",Was recorded as Ampelita (Eurystyla) julii in the 1996 and 2000 Red Lists. 1159,Ampelita soulaiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACAVIDAE,Ampelita,soulaiana,,,,,"Fischer Cauquoin Tes, 1973",Was recorded as Ampelita (Eurystyla) soulaiana in the 1996 and 2000 Red Lists. 1160,Ampelita fulgurata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACAVIDAE,Ampelita,fulgurata,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1838)",Was recorded as Ampelita (Xystera) fulgurata in the 1996 and 2000 Red Lists. 11615,Lepidurus packardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,NOTOSTRACA,TRIOPSIDAE,Lepidurus,packardi,,,,,"Simon, 1886", 11635,Leptachatina lepida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Leptachatina,lepida,,,,,"Cooke, 1910", 1164,Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Amphicyclotulus,guadeloupensis,,,,,"de la Torre, Bartsch & Morrison, 1942", 1165,Amphicyclotulus liratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Amphicyclotulus,liratus,,,,,"Droüet, 1859", 11653,Leptaxis furva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,furva,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 11655,Leptaxis wollastoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,wollastoni,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)","Seddon (2008) reported that Wollaston (1878) and Walden (1983) noted that var. subdubia is apparently intermediate between L. wollastoni and L. nivosa; both authors nonetheless treated wollastoni as a distinct species. The intermediate is only found on a very small area on Pico do Concelho, whereas in most parts of their ranges the two species are clearly and distinctly separable. The subfossil shells from the Quaternary deposits below Pico do Concelho are larger than the living shells.

Two different subspecies are recognised by some authors: Leptaxis wollastoni forensis (Wollaston, 1878).
Mandahl-Barth(1950) treated  the population of this islet (Islet of Ilheu de Fora off its eastern coast) as a distinct subspecies." 11656,Leptaxis caldeirarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,caldeirarum,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)","Morelet and Drouët’s (1857) original description does not mention type locality, so “The Azores” is currently accepted. Morelet (1860) only found it in Caldeira das Sete Cidades, São Miguel, thus restricting the type locality.

The taxonomic identity of this species is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022)." 11657,Leptaxis terceirana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,terceirana,,,,,"Morelet, 1860","Morelet (1860:158) acknowledged that he did confuse the shells of L. terceirana with those of L. caldeirarum, which he had described earlier (Morelet and Drouët 1857), and that his 1860 species was erected upon specimens removed from the L. caldeirarum type series." 11658,Leptaxis vetusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,vetusta,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)", 11659,Leptichnus bernardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Leptichnus,bernardi,,,,,van Goethem, 1166,Amphicyclotulus perplexus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Amphicyclotulus,perplexus,,,,,"de la Torre, Bartsch & Morrison, 1942", 11660,Leptinaria strebeliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Leptinaria,strebeliana,,,,,Pilsbry, 11662,Leptocaris stromatolicolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,DARCYTHOMPSONIIDAE,Leptocaris,stromatolicolus,,,,,"Zamudio-Valdés & Reid, 1990",Appeared on the Red List prior to 2008 under the incorrectly spelt specific name of stromatolicola. 11663,Leptodactylus marambaiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,marambaiae,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1976", 1168,Amphigyra alabamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Amphigyra,alabamensis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1906", 11685,Leptodea leptodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Leptodea,leptodon,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 11689,Leptogomphus yayeyamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,yayeyamensis,,,,,"Matsumura, 1926", 1169,Amphipteryx agrioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AMPHIPTERYGIDAE,Amphipteryx,agrioides,,,,,"Selys, 1853","Closest relative of genus is the SE Asian genus Devadatta (Novelo Gutierrez 1995, De Marmels et al. 1996); three new related species awaiting description (Novelo Gutierrez 1995)." 11690,Leptogryllus deceptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Leptogryllus,deceptor,,,,,"Perkins, 1910", 11759,Leptothorax buschingeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Leptothorax,buschingeri,,,,,"Kutter, 1967", 1176,Amplirhagada montalivetensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,montalivetensis,,,,,"Smith, 1894","Solem (1981) assumed the type locality to be West Montalivet Island (14º18´S 125º13´E). This was deemed incorrect by Köhler & Johnson (2012), who demonstrated that the type locality is Walker Island, instead. Based on the revised data on the type locality, Solem's (1981) and Köhler & Johnson's (2012) delineation of this species differ significantly from each other. Here the taxonomic treatment of Köhler & Johnson's (2012) is followed." 11761,Leptothorax faberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Leptothorax,faberi,,,,,"Buschlinger, 1983", 11762,Leptothorax duloticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Leptothorax,duloticus,,,,,"Wesson, 1937", 11763,Leptothorax minutissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Leptothorax,minutissimus,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 11768,Athearnia crassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Athearnia,crassa,,,,,"(Haldeman, 1841)","Athearnia crassa was formerly placed as a subspecies of Leptoxis (= Athearnia) crassa (see Dillon and Ahlstedt 1997). Athearnia crassa crassa and Athearnia crassa anthonyi are distinct from one another and Athearnia anthonyi and Athearnia crassa are now recognized as distinct species (see Dillon and Ahlstedt 1997; Minton and Savarese 2005).

Appeared in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the incorrectly spelt name Leptoxis crassa. Was also incorrectly listed as Vulnerable." 11769,Leptoxis praerosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,praerosa,,,,,"(Say, 1821)", 11771,Athearnia anthonyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Athearnia,anthonyi,,,,,"(Redfield, 1854)","Formerly placed as a subspecies of Leptoxis (= Athearnia) crassa (see Dillon and Ahlstedt, 1997). Athearnia crassa crassa and Athearnia crassa anthonyi are distinct from one another and Athearnia anthonyi and Athearnia crassa are now recognized as distinct species (see Dillon and Ahlstedt 1997, Minton and Savarese 2005).

Appeared in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the incorrectly spelt name Leptoxis anthonyix. Was also incorrectly listed as Extinct." 11772,Leptoxis ampla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,ampla,,,,,"(Anthony, 1855)", 11773,Leptoxis clipeata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,clipeata,,,,,"(H.H. Smith, 1922)", 11774,Leptoxis compacta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,compacta,,,,,"(Anthony, 1854)", 11775,Leptoxis foremanii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,foremanii,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1843)", 11776,Leptoxis formosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,formosa,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1860)", 11777,Leptoxis ligata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,ligata,,,,,"(Anthony, 1860)", 11778,Leptoxis lirata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,lirata,,,,,"(H.H. Smith, 1922)", 1178,Amplirhagada questroana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,questroana,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 11780,Leptoxis minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,minor,,,,,"(Hinkley, 1912)", 11781,Leptoxis occultata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,occultata,,,,,"(H.H. Smith, 1922)", 11782,Leptoxis picta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,picta,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 11783,Leptoxis plicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,plicata,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)","The genus Leptoxis was formerly called Anculosa (Goodrich, 1922). The genus Leptoxis is a difficult group. There is considerable disagreement in regard to the number of valid species (Goodrich 1922, Burch 1982). Dillon and Lydeard (1998) found high levels of genetic divergence among populations of Leptoxis praerosa and Leptoxis plicata and from all other populations of Leptoxis studied, indicating they are distinct species. In a preliminary analysis of molecular phylogeny of Mobile River basin pleurocerids, Lydeard et al. (1997) concluded that Leptoxis picta and Leptoxis plicata are quite distinct from one another and all other pleurocerids studied, while Leptoxis taeniata and Leptoxis ampla are sister taxa, and Leptoxis picta the most basal of the group." 11784,Leptoxis showalterii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,showalterii,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1860)", 11786,Leptoxis torrefacta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,torrefacta,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1922)", 11787,Leptoxis virgata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,virgata,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1841)", 11788,Leptoxis vittata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,vittata,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1860)", 11803,Lepyrium showalteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Lepyrium,showalteri,,,,,"I. Lea, 1861", 11871,Insularopa barrenensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Insularopa,barrenensis,,,,,"(Petterd, 1879)", 11872,Letomola contorta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Letomola,contorta,,,,,"(Hedley, 1924)", 11873,Leucaspius delineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leucaspius,delineatus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 11875,Leuchocharis pancheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Leuchocharis,pancheri,,,,,"(Cross, 1870)", 11884,Leuciscus idus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,idus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 11895,Leucocharis loyaltiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Leucocharis,loyaltiensis,,,,,"(Souverbie, 1879)", 11896,Leucocharis porphyrocheila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Leucocharis,porphyrocheila,,,,,"Dautzenberg & Bernier, 1901", 11898,Leucocythere helenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,LIMNOCYTHERIDAE,Leucocythere,helenae,,,,,"Martens, 1991", 1190,Anabarilius polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,polylepis,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)","Original as Barilius polylepis, but changed in 1935 to Anabarilius polylepis by Chu." 11919,Levuana irridescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,ZYGAENIDAE,Levuana,irridescens,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1906", 11923,Lexingtonia subplana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lexingtonia,subplana,,,,,"Conrad, 1837", 11924,Liardetia boninensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Liardetia,boninensis,,,,,"Gude, 1913", 11925,Liardetia tenuisculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Liardetia,tenuisculpta,,,,,"Pilsbry and Hirase, 1908", 11928,Libellula angelina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,angelina,,,,,"Selys, 1883", 11931,Libera subcavernula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Libera,subcavernula,,,,,"Tryon, 1887", 11932,Libera tumuloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Libera,tumuloides,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 11934,Libythea cinyras,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Libythea,cinyras,,,,,"Trimen, 1866", 11975,Limnocythere porphyretica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,LIMNOCYTHERIDAE,Limnocythere,porphyretica,,,,,"De Deckker, 1981", 11982,Limnotrochus thomsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Limnotrochus,thomsoni,,,,,"Smith, 1880", 11989,Linderiella occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,CHIROCEPHALIDAE,Linderiella,occidentalis,,,,,"(Dodds, 1923)", 1199,Anaecypris hispanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Anaecypris,hispanica,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 11990,Liobagrus nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Liobagrus,nigricauda,,,,,"Regan, 1904", 11993,Liocypris grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,CYPRIDIDAE,Liocypris,grandis,,,,,"Sars, 1924", 12101,Lioplax cyclostomaformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Lioplax,cyclostomaformis,,,,,"I. Lea, 1841", 12112,Haplochromis maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,maxillaris,,,,,"Trewavas, 1928",Appeared in the IUCN Red List from 1996 to 2006 under the generic name Lipochromis. 12114,Lipochromis sp. nov. 'small obesoid',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lipochromis,sp. nov. 'small obesoid',,,,,,"Five collections from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Voucher numbers: MCZ 145398, MCZ 145416, MCZ 146246, MCZ 146247, MCZ 140097. Will probably be described as a Haplochromis species." 12115,Lipochromis sp. nov. 'backflash cryptodon',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lipochromis,sp. nov. 'backflash cryptodon',,,,,,"Four collections from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Voucher numbers: MCZ 145405, MCZ 145418, MCZ 146248, MCZ 146245. Will probably be described as a Haplochromis species." 12117,Lipochromis sp. nov. 'black cryptodon',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lipochromis,sp. nov. 'black cryptodon',,,,,,Will probably be described as a Haplochromis species. 12118,Lipochromis sp. nov. 'parvidens-like',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lipochromis,sp. nov. 'parvidens-like',,,,,,"Three collections from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Voucher numbers: MCZ 140096, MCZ 146244, MCZ 146249. Will probably be described as a Haplochromis species." 12120,Lirceus culveri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ASELLIDAE,Lirceus,culveri,,,,,"Estes & Holsinger, 1976", 12121,Lirceus usdagalun,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ASELLIDAE,Lirceus,usdagalun,,,,,"Holsinger & Bowman, 1973", 12127,Lithasia armigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,armigera,,,,,"Say, 1821", 12128,Lithasia duttoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,duttoniana,,,,,"I. Lea, 1841", 12129,Lithasia geniculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,geniculata,,,,,"Haldeman, 1840", 12130,Lithasia jayana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,jayana,,,,,"I. Lea, 1841","Genus name Lithasia Haldeman, 1840 is actually a junior synonym of Ellipstoma Rafinesque, 1818, but Minton and Bogan (2003) have successfully suppressed Ellipstoma in favour of the better known Lithasia (ICZN 2005). Based on molecular and limited morphological phylogenenetics, Minton and Lydeard (2003) have determined that Lithasia fuliginosa is a composite of what were formerly Lithasia duttoniana, Lithasia geniculata fuligonosa, Lithasia geniculata geniculata, Lithasia geniculata pinguis, and possibly Lithasia jayana all from the Duck River, Tennessee, wherein L. jayana may be a synonym of Lithasia armigera.

Minton and Lydeard (2003) recorded one specimen from Duck River, and proposed synonymy with fuliginosa. Dillon and Johnson found no difference with duttoniana and proposed that it was synonymous. Further work is needed to ascertain taxonomy. In an unpublished review this species is synonymized with armigera (Minton unpublished)." 12131,Lithasia lima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,lima,,,,,"Conrad, 1834","In a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis, Minton and Lydeard (2003) proposed that populations of Lithasia salebrosa florentiana, L. salebrosa subglobosa, and L. verrucosa from the Elk and Tennessee River drainages should be included within the synonymy of this species. Following this, they recommended a downranking from G2 (imperiled) to a new rank of G3G4 (vulnerable to apparently secure) (NatureServe 2009)." 12132,Lithasia salebrosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,salebrosa,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 12133,Lithasia verrucosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,verrucosa,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820","Genus name Lithasia Haldeman, 1840 is actually a junior synonym of Ellipstoma Rafinesque, 1818, but Minton and Bogan (2003) have successfully suppressed Ellipstoma in favor of the better known Lithasia (ICZN 2005). Based on molecular and limited morphological phylogenetics, Minton and Lydeard (2003) have determined that Lithasia lima is likely a composite comprised of Lithasia lima and Lithasia verrucosa from the Elk and Tennessee Rivers as well as possibly Lithasia salebrosa salebrosa and Lithasia salebrosa florentina. White River drainage, Arkansas, specimens of Lithasia verrucosa may be a distinct undescribed species." 12134,Lithasia curta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasia,curta,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1868)", 12143,Litoria aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,aurea,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 12144,Litoria brevipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,brevipalmata,,,,,"Tyler, Martin & Watson, 1972","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 12145,Litoria castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,castanea,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867","There is currently uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of this species. It occurs in two disjunct isolates separated by 500 km, but the most recent taxonomic study by Thomson et al. (1996) suggests that they represent one species. More recently the genetic distinctness of this species from closely related Litoria species, in particular L. raniformis, is also being questioned and additional taxonomic research is required (Voros et al. 2010 in Threatened Species Scientific Committee 2019). For the purposes of this assessment, the species is considered to be valid and contain a northern and southern subpopulation, pending further taxonomic resolution." 12146,Litoria dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,dentata,,,,,"(Keferstein, 1868)", 12147,Litoria lesueurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,lesueurii,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)","Litoria jungguy and L. wilcoxii were separated from this species by Donnellan and Mahony (2004).

We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 12148,Litoria nannotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,nannotis,,,,,"(Andersson, 1916)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018).

This species includes three deeply divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages, distributed from Paluma to Tully River, Tully River to Lamb Range, and Mount Lewis to Big Tableland (Schneider, Cunningham and Moritz 1998)." 12149,Litoria nyakalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,nyakalensis,,,,,"Liem, 1974","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 12150,Litoria pearsoniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,pearsoniana,,,,,"(Copland, 1961)",The taxonomy of this species requires revision. 12151,Litoria piperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,piperata,,,,,"Tyler and Davies, 1985","

Gillespie and Hines 1999, suggested that this species may represent unusually coloured individuals of L. pearsoniana. Donnellan et al. (1999) investigated further and included individuals conforming to the colour pattern and general geographic region described for L. piperata, in a genetic analysis and found that these were not divergent from other north-east New South Wales populations in the L. pearsoniana clade. However, morphologically, it is possible to distinguish between specimens of L. piperata and L. pearsoniana (J. Rowley pers. comm. September 2021). Hoskin et al. (2013) considers that the description of L. piperata (Tyler and Davies 1985) lacks a sufficiently detailed diagnosis to determine the validity of the name, and hence that the validity of L. piperata will remain unresolved without genetic or call data from the type locality. Despite extensive survey effort, the species has not been recorded within its historic range since 1973 (J. Rowley pers. comm. August 2021). The original type material has also been fixed in formalin which has to date prevented the sequencing of sufficient genetic material to further resolve its taxonomic status (Donnellan et al. 1999, Gillespie and Hines 1999, J. Rowley pers. comm. August 2021).


We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 12153,Litoria rheocola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,rheocola,,,,,"Liem, 1974","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018).

There is clear division in mt and nuclear DNA between populations north and south of the Black Mountain Corridor (Bell et al. 2012)." 12154,Litoria spenceri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,spenceri,,,,,"Dubois, 1984","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 12155,Litoria verreauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,verreauxii,,,,,"Watson, Loftus-Hills & Littlejohn, 1971","This species is comprised of two distinct subspecies, Litoria verreauxii verreauxii from the coast and ranges, and L.v. alpina from the southern Alps. However, recent taxonomic studies do not support the recognition of these two subspecies, although they suggest further research is still needed to assess the validity of their taxonomic status (Smith et al. 2003, Banks et al. 2020)." 12156,Litoria lorica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,lorica,,,,,"Davies & McDonald, 1979","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 12241,Alzoniella elliptica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,elliptica,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1874)","Originally described by Paladilhe (1874), from type locality 'les environs de'Ascain', Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in France." 12242,Littoraria flammea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITTORINIDAE,Littoraria,flammea,,,,,"Philippi, 1847", 12243,Littoridina gaudichaudii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,gaudichaudii,,,,,"Souleyet, 1852", 12244,Liza luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Liza,luciae,,,,,"(Penrith & Penrith, 1967)","There has been much disagreement concerning the relationships of the one family placed in order Mugiliformes (Nelson 2006). Although reasons exist for regarding mugilids as perciform, rather than being related to the Atherinomorpha, there seems to be insufficient reason to change the classification from that given in Nelson (1994), based on Stiassny (1993) and Johnson and Patterson (1993) (Nelson 2006).

This species is treated by some authors as being a synonym of the more widespread Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes, 1836)." 12245,Hauffenia danubialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,danubialis,,,,,"(Haase, 1993)", 12382,Lottia alveus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,LOTTIIDAE,Lottia,alveus,,,,,"Conrad, 1831", 12383,Louisea edeaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Louisea,edeaensis,,,,,"(Bott, 1969)","Bott (1969) described this taxon as Globonautes macropus edeaensis. This species was revised by Cumberlidge (1994, 1998) as Louisea edeaensis." 12384,Lovenula excellens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Lovenula,excellens,,,,,"Kiefer, 1929", 12385,Lovenula simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Lovenula,simplex,,,,,"Kiefer, 1929", 12397,Luchuena hachijoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Luchuena,hachijoensis,,,,,"Kuroda, 1945", 12401,Lucifuga teresinarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,teresinarum,,,,,"Díaz Pérez, 1988", 12404,Luciogobius pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luciogobius,pallidus,,,,,"Regan, 1940", 12406,Luehdorfia japonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Luehdorfia,japonica,,,,,"Leech, 1889", 12415,Lutilodix imitratrix,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Lutilodix,imitratrix,,,,,"Sykes, 1900", 12418,Lutodrilus multivesiculatus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,HAPLOTAXIDA,LUTODRILIDAE,Lutodrilus,multivesiculatus,,,,,"McMahan, 1976", 12433,Lycaena dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lycaena,dispar,,,,,"(Haworth, 1802)",The Large Copper has several subspecies in Europe. 12435,Lycaena hermes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lycaena,hermes,,,,,"(W.H. Edwards, 1870)","Identification at the species level has not posed problems, but determining its closest relatives and assignment to a genus has resulted in a few taxonomic changes. Hermes copper was originally described by Edwards (1870) as Chrysophanus hermes, then placed in the genus Tharsalea based by Scudder (1876). Wright (1905) described the species as Chrysophanus delsud, but this was a synonym (Wright 1908, Tilden 1975). Later work focused at the sub-generic level and a more complete summary can be found in Marschalek and Klein (2010).  Placement in the monotypic genus Hermelycaena is suggested based on recent morphological and ecological (Miller and Brown 1979), molecular (Pratt and Wright 2002), and larval (Ballmer and Pratt 1989) data. Pelham (2008) placed the Hermes copper in the genus Lycaena and subgenus Hermelycaena." 12438,Lycosa ericeticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Lycosa,ericeticola,,,,,"Wallace, 1942", 12525,Lyriothemis tricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,tricolor,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 12526,Lyropupa perlonga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,perlonga,,,,,"W.H. Pease, 1871", 12527,Lyropupa anceyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,anceyana,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 12528,Lyropupa clathratula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,clathratula,,,,,"Ancey,1904", 12529,Lyropupa hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 12530,Lyropupa lyrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,lyrata,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 12531,Lyropupa microthauma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,microthauma,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 12532,Lyropupa mirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,mirabilis,,,,,"Ancey, 1890", 12533,Lyropupa prisca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,prisca,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 12534,Lyropupa rhabdota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,rhabdota,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 12535,Lyropupa scabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,scabra,,,,,"Pilsbry & Cooke, 1920", 12536,Lyropupa spaldingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,spaldingi,,,,,"Pilsbry & Cooke, 1920", 12537,Lyropupa sparna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,sparna,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 12538,Lyropupa striatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,striatula,,,,,"W.H. Pease, 1871", 12539,Lyropupa thaanumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,thaanumi,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 12540,Lyropupa truncata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Lyropupa,truncata,,,,,"Cooke, 1908", 1256,Anceya giraudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Anceya,giraudi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1885", 1257,Anceya terebriformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Anceya,terebriformis,,,,,"(Smith, 1890)",Differs from Anceya giraudi in apparently minor ways. 12586,Macrobaenetes kelsoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Macrobaenetes,kelsoensis,,,,,"Tinkham, 1962", 12587,Macrobaenetes valgum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Macrobaenetes,valgum,,,,,"(Stronkecker, 1960)", 12591,Macrodontia cervicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Macrodontia,cervicornis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 12596,Macrognathus aral,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,aral,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Bloch and Schneider (1801) described Rhynchodella aral from Tranquebar. Roberts (1986) treated it under the genus Macrognathus. The species called aral in Sri Lanka is a separate species, M. pentophthalmos." 12601,Macromia kubokaiya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,kubokaiya,,,,,"Asahina, 1964", 12609,Macroperipatus insularis,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATIDAE,Macroperipatus,insularis,,,,,"Clark, 1937", 12602,Macromia urania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,urania,,,,,"Ris, 1916", 1261,Ancylastrum cumingianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylastrum,cumingianus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1853)", 1262,Ancylus ashangiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,ashangiensis,,,,,"Brown, 1965", 1263,Ancylus regularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,regularis,,,,,"Brown, 1973", 12649,Macrothele cretica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,MACROTHELIDAE,Macrothele,cretica,,,,,"Kulczynski, 1903",According to the World Spider Catalog Macrothele should be placed in its own family the Macrothelidae. 12654,Macrovipera schweizeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Macrovipera,schweizeri,,,,,"(Werner, 1935)","Successful hybridization between endemic Macrovipera schweizerii from Milos and adjacent islands reported in Kamelin et al. (1997) and results of a recent comprehensive mitochondrial phylogeny of European vipers (Freitas et al. 2020) support suggestions that this species is conspecific with M. lebetinus. These results are however preliminary and no formal taxonomic change has yet been proposed (Speybroeck et al. 2020, W. Wüster pers. comm. 2022)." 12659,Phengaris arion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Phengaris,arion,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 12660,Phengaris arionides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Phengaris,arionides,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1887)", 12662,Phengaris nausithous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Phengaris,nausithous,,,,,"(Bergsträsser, 1779)", 12664,Phengaris teleius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Phengaris,teleius,,,,,"(Bergsträsser, 1779)", 12690,Magicicada cassini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADIDAE,Magicicada,cassini,,,,,"(Fisher, 1851)", 12691,Magicicada septendecim,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADIDAE,Magicicada,septendecim,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 12692,Magicicada septendecula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADIDAE,Magicicada,septendecula,,,,,"Alexander & Moore, 1962", 1272,Andrias davidianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE,Andrias,davidianus,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1871)",This species is sometimes assigned to the genus Cryptobranchium. 1273,Andrias japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE,Andrias,japonicus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)", 12740,Mandarina anijimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,anijimana,,,,,"Chiba, 1996", 12741,Mandarina aureola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,aureola,,,,,"Tiba, 1989", 12742,Mandarina chichijimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,chichijimana,,,,,"Tiba, 1989", 12743,Mandarina exoptata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,exoptata,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 12744,Mandarina hahajimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,hahajimana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 12745,Mandarina hirasei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,hirasei,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 12746,Mandarina mandarina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,mandarina,,,,,"Sowerby, 1839", 12747,Mandarina polita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,polita,,,,,"Chiba, 1989", 12748,Mandarina ponderosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,ponderosa,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1901", 12749,Mandarina suenoae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,suenoae,,,,,"Minato, 1978", 12750,Mandarina luhuana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mandarina,luhuana,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1839)", 12759,Manica parasitica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Manica,parasitica,,,,,"Creigthon, 1934", 12808,Marginella gemma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Marginella,gemma,,,,,"(A. Adams, 1850)", 12809,Marginella liparozona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Marginella,liparozona,,,,,"Tomlin & Shackleford, 1913", 12810,Marginella melvilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Marginella,melvilli,,,,,"Tomlin & Shackleford, 1913", 12807,Marginella chalmersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Marginella,chalmersi,,,,,"Tomlin & Shackleford, 1912", 1282,Aneides aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aneides,aeneus,,,,,"(Cope & Packard, 1881)", 12842,Martelia tanganyicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Martelia,tanganyicensis,,,,,"Dautzenberg, 1908", 1285,Anergates atratulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Anergates,atratulus,,,,,"(Schenck, 1852)", 1286,Anetia briarea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Anetia,briarea,,,,,"(Godart, 1819)", 12860,Mastigodiaptomus amatitlanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Mastigodiaptomus,amatitlanensis,,,,,"Wilson, 1941", 12861,Mastigodiaptomus montezumae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Mastigodiaptomus,montezumae,,,,,"Brehm, 1955", 12862,Mastigodiaptomus purpureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Mastigodiaptomus,purpureus,,,,,"(Marsh, 1907)", 1287,Anetia cubana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Anetia,cubana,,,,,"(Salvin, 1869)", 12872,Mathewsoconcha belli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Mathewsoconcha,belli,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 12879,Mautodontha acuticosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,acuticosta,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 1288,Anetia jaegeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Anetia,jaegeri,,,,,"(Ménétriés, 1832)", 12880,Mautodontha boraborensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,boraborensis,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 12881,Mautodontha ceuthma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,ceuthma,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 12882,Mautodontha consimilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,consimilis,,,,,"Pease, 1868", 12883,Mautodontha consobrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,consobrina,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 12884,Mautodontha maupiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,maupiensis,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 12885,Mautodontha parvidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,parvidens,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 12886,Mautodontha punctiperforata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,punctiperforata,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 12887,Mautodontha saintjohni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,saintjohni,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 12888,Mautodontha subtilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,subtilis,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 12889,Mautodontha unilamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,unilamellata,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 1289,Anetia pantheratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Anetia,pantheratus,,,,,"(Martyn, 1797)", 12890,Mautodontha zebrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Mautodontha,zebrina,,,,,"(Garrett, 1874)", 1290,Aneuretus simoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Aneuretus,simoni,,,,,"Emery, 1893", 1291,Fluvidona anodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluvidona,anodonta,,,,,"(Hedley & Musson, 1892)", 1292,Fluvidona dulvertonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluvidona,dulvertonensis,,,,,"(Tenison-Woods, 1876)","May be Bythinia dulvertonensis Tenison-Woods, 1876 which is a synonym of Austropyrgus simsonianus (Brazier, 1875)." 12920,Platystigma astictum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,astictum,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 12921,Platystigma pronoti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,pronoti,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 12922,Mecodema punctellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Mecodema,punctellum,,,,,"Broun, 1921", 12924,Medionidus acutissimus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Medionidus,acutissimus,,,,,"I. Lea, 1831", 12925,Medionidus conradicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Medionidus,conradicus,,,,,"I. Lea, 1834", 12926,Medionidus mcglameriae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Medionidus,mcglameriae,,,,,"van der Schalie, 1939", 12928,Medionidus penicillatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Medionidus,penicillatus,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1857)", 12929,Medionidus simpsonianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Medionidus,simpsonianus,,,,,"Walker, 1905", 1294,Fluvidona dyeriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluvidona,dyeriana,,,,,"Petterd, 1879","Might be Bythinia dyeriana Petterd, 1879 which is now placed under Austropyrgus dyerianus." 12944,Megadytes ducalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Megadytes,ducalis,,,,,"Sharp, 1882", 12948,Megaerops wetmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Megaerops,wetmorei,,,,,"Taylor, 1934","The current taxonomy is probably incorrect, with Philippine populations referred to M. wetmorei suspected to represent a separate species (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006)." 1295,Austropyrgus grampianensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,grampianensis,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1939)",Should probably be transferred to the genus Austropyrgus. 1296,Fluvidona petterdi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluvidona,petterdi,,,,,"(Smith, 1882)","Might be Austropyrgus petterdianus (Brazier, 1875)." 12972,Megalobulimus fragilion,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Megalobulimus,fragilion,,,,,"(Iheiring, 1901)", 12973,Megalobulimus grandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Megalobulimus,grandis,,,,,"Martens, 1885", 12974,Megalobulimus lopesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Megalobulimus,lopesi,,,,,"(Lerne, 1989)", 12975,Megalobulimus parafragilior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Megalobulimus,parafragilior,,,,,"Lerne & Imdrusiak, 1990", 12976,Megalobulimus proclivis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Megalobulimus,proclivis,,,,,"(Martens, 1888)", 12979,Megalomyrmex symmetochus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Megalomyrmex,symmetochus,,,,,"Wheeler, 1925", 1298,Fluvidona simsoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluvidona,simsoniana,,,,,"Brazier, 1875","This is probably Austropyrgus simsonianus (Brazier, 1875)." 1299,Anguispira picta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Anguispira,picta,,,,,"(G.H. Clapp, 1920)", 13014,Meladema imbricata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Meladema,imbricata,,,,,"Wollaston, 1871", 13015,Meladema lanio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Meladema,lanio,,,,,"Falkenstrom, 1938", 13032,Melanobatrachus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Melanobatrachus,indicus,,,,,"Beddome, 1878",Taxonomic research is ongoing to determine whether all subpopulations are conspecific (Rajkumar K.P. pers comm. October 2020). 13045,Melanogrammus aeglefinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Melanogrammus,aeglefinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 13053,Melanosuchus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,ALLIGATORIDAE,Melanosuchus,niger,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 13098,Meliobba shafferyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Meliobba,shafferyi,,,,,"Iredale, 1940", 1312,Anodontoides radiatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodontoides,radiatus,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)","This taxon has been placed in six genera (Brim Box and Williams 2000). Anodontoides radiatus has been confused with Strophitus subvexus by some investigators. Clench and Turner (1956) reported Anodontoides elliottii from the Apalachicola, Chipola and Chattahoochee drainages. Although Clench and Turner's records of A. elliottii from the Chattahoochee River and Apalachicola River system (Mosquito Creek) are in fact A. radiatus, Johnson (1967) correctly re-identified their Chipola River records as S. subvexus.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 13155,Pallidelix bennetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Pallidelix,bennetti,,,,,"(Brazier, 1872)", 13156,Meridolum corneovirens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Meridolum,corneovirens,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1851)", 13157,Meridolum marshalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Meridolum,marshalli,,,,,"McLauchlan, 1951", 13158,Pommerhelix depressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Pommerhelix,depressa,,,,,"(Hedley, 1901)", 1317,Anoglypta launcestonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACAVIDAE,Anoglypta,launcestonensis,,,,,"Reeve, 1853", 13198,Mertensiella caucasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Mertensiella,caucasica,,,,,"(Waga, 1876)","The taxon Mertensiella caucasica includes two allopatric phylogenetic species (yet to be formally described), reciprocally monophyletic, separated since the Pliocene. Mertensiella sp.1 lives in the basin of the Kura River, Mertensiella sp.2 in the basin of the Black Sea. The validity of the subspecies M. caucasica djabaschvilii is in doubt (S. Kuzmin pers. comm.)." 13220,Mesocricetus brandti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Mesocricetus,brandti,,,,,"(Nehring, 1898)", 13221,Mesocricetus newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Mesocricetus,newtoni,,,,,"(Nehring, 1898)", 13223,Mesocyclops insulensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Mesocyclops,insulensis,,,,,"Dussart, 1982", 13224,Mesodon archeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Mesodon,archeri,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1940",Should be placed under the genus Fumonelix. 13227,Mesodon clenchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Mesodon,clenchi,,,,,"(Rehder, 1932)","Variously cited as a species, subspecies of Cryptomastix mullani, or synonym of Cryptomastix sanburni. The problem has not been effectively addressed in the literature." 13228,Mesodon jonesianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Mesodon,jonesianus,,,,,"(Archer, 1938)",Should possibly be placed under the genus Fumonelix. 13230,Vincentrachia desmonda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Vincentrachia,desmonda,,,,,"(Solem, 1985)", 13231,Mesodontrachia fitzroyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mesodontrachia,fitzroyana,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 13232,Mesogobius batrachocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mesogobius,batrachocephalus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)","M. nonultimus (nape scaled) from Caspian basin, usually listed as a subspecies of M. batrachocephalus, is a distinct species. It does not enter freshwaters." 13238,Mesonerilla prospera,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,POLYCHAETA,NERILLIDA,NERILLIDAE,Mesonerilla,prospera,,,,,"Sterrer & Iliffe, 1982",There are problems with the Order name and the correct placement of the family. The placement in the Order: Nerillida follows the 'Updated Pettibone' which is modified and adapted from J.A. Blake (1994): 50 [Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic ... Santa Barbara Channel vol.4]. See: http://biodiversity.uno.edu/~worms/pc-order.html. 13239,Mesoperipatus tholloni,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATIDAE,Mesoperipatus,tholloni,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1898)", 13255,Meta dolloff,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRAGNATHIDAE,Meta,dolloff,,,,,"Levi, 1980", 13258,Metacyclops campestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Metacyclops,campestris,,,,,"Reid, 1987", 13259,Metacyclops gasparoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Metacyclops,gasparoi,,,,,"Stoch, 1987", 13260,Metacyclops postojnae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Metacyclops,postojnae,,,,,"Brancelj, 1987", 13261,Metadiaptomus capensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Metadiaptomus,capensis,,,,,"(Sars, 1907)", 13262,Metadiaptomus purcelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Metadiaptomus,purcelli,,,,,"(Sars, 1907)", 13276,Metrioptera domogledi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,domogledi,,,,,"(Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1882)", 13277,Mexilana saluposi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Mexilana,saluposi,,,,,"Bowman, 1975", 132859,Oulastrea crispata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Oulastrea,crispata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Oulastreidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132861,Calathiscus tantillus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Calathiscus,tantillus,,,,,"Claereboudt & Al-Amri, 2004","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Calathiscus tantillus Claereboudt & Al Amri, 2004 to Goniopora tantillus (Claereboudt & Al Amri, 2004). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=292167. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132863,Acropora prostrata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,prostrata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora millepora. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207084. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132865,Alveopora japonica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,japonica,,,,,"Eguchi, 1968","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Eguchi, 1968 to Eguchi, 1965 and the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022 

The complete mitogenome of this species is 17,886 bp with 13 protein-coding, two rRNA, and two tRNA genes, and this supports the transfer of this species to the family Acroporidae (Cho et al. 2018)." 132866,Montipora angulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,angulata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 132867,Acropora pectinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,pectinata,,,,,"Veron, 2000","This species was placed in synonymy with Acropora acuminata by Wallace et al. (2012). However, these species are readily separable in the field and in museum collections (Veron et al. 2016)." 132868,Goniastrea columella,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,columella,,,,,"Crossland, 1948", 132870,Moseleya latistellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Moseleya,latistellata,,,,,"Quelch, 1884","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Lobophylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 17Jan2022}" 132871,Pectinia elongata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,elongata,,,,,"Rehberg, 1892","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Rehberg, 1892 to (Rehberg, 1892) and the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132872,Dipsastraea vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,vietnamensis,,,,,"(Veron, 2000)", 132874,Scolymia lacera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Scolymia,lacera,,,,,"(M. Edwards & Haime, 1849)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 19Jan2022}

Solitary polyps of Mussa angulosa have been sometimes identified as Scolymia lacera (Veron 2000; see also Fenner 1993). According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), this species is valid (database accessed September 2021)." 132875,Pocillopora kelleheri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,kelleheri,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132876,Leptoseris tubulifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,tubulifera,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 132877,Fungia fralinae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,fralinae,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1955","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia fralinae Nemenzo, 1955 to Heliofungia fralinae (Nemenzo, 1955). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288852. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132879,Goniopora tenella,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,tenella,,,,,"(Quelch, 1886)", 132882,Acropora japonica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,japonica,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 132884,Colpophyllia natans,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Colpophyllia,natans,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1772)", 132886,Acropora seriata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,seriata,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 132889,Porites nodifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,nodifera,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879", 132890,Catalaphyllia jardinei,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Catalaphyllia,jardinei,,,,,"(Saville-Kent, 1893)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Merulinidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 132891,Porites duerdeni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,duerdeni,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts." 132892,Montipora hodgsoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,hodgsoni,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 132893,Platygyra crosslandi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,crosslandi,,,,,"(Matthai, 1928)", 132894,Dipsastraea veroni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,veroni,,,,,"(Moll & Borel-Best, 1984)", 132896,Alveopora marionensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,marionensis,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1982","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 132898,Goniopora cellulosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,cellulosa,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 132899,Dipsastraea rosaria,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,rosaria,,,,,"(Veron, 2000)", 13290,Mexistenasellus coahuila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,STENASELLIDAE,Mexistenasellus,coahuila,,,,,"Cole & Minkley, 1972", 132900,Symphyllia radians,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Symphyllia,radians,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Symphyllia radians Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 to Lobophyllia radians (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207401. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 132901,Leptoseris amitoriensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,amitoriensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 132902,Fungia puishani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,puishani,,,,,"Veron & DeVantier, 2000","This species is possibly a synonym of Fungia fungites (B. Hoeksema pers. comm. 2008). Lyndon DeVantier considers Fungia puishani a valid species based on specimens observed and the specimen collected by him. According to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022), this species is valid." 132905,Alveopora catalai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,catalai,,,,,"Wells, 1968","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 132907,Echinomorpha nishihirai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinomorpha,nishihirai,,,,,"(Veron, 1990)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 132908,Acropora rosaria,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,rosaria,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora loripes. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207029. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132909,Acropora turaki,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,turaki,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 13291,Mexistenasellus parzefalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,STENASELLIDAE,Mexistenasellus,parzefalli,,,,,"Magniez, 1972", 132910,Acropora divaricata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,divaricata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",This species is part of a species complex. 132912,Enigmopora darveliensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Enigmopora,darveliensis,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003", 132913,Acropora rudis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,rudis,,,,,"(Rehberg, 1892)", 132914,Acropora maryae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,maryae,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora squarrosa. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288222. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132918,Pectinia pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,pygmaeus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Pectinia pygmaeus Veron, 2002 to Pectinia pygmaea Veron, 2000 and change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288406. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 132919,Acropora stoddarti,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,stoddarti,,,,,"Pillai & Scheer, 1976", 13292,Mexistenasellus wilkensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,STENASELLIDAE,Mexistenasellus,wilkensi,,,,,"Magniez, 1972", 132920,Echinopora ashmorensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,ashmorensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 132921,Porites branneri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,branneri,,,,,"Rathbun, 1887","Although this species is commonly considered to occur in the Caribbean (southern Caribbean to Jamaica and the Cayman Islands), it is likely that the form in the Caribbean is a different taxon (Weil 1992). For the purposes of this Red List assessment, and until further taxonomic study is conducted, it is considered valid in these areas of the Caribbean." 132924,Pachyseris gemmae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pachyseris,gemmae,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1955", 132926,Madracis asanoi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,asanoi,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 to Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 14Jan2022" 132927,Leptoseris striata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,striata,,,,,"Fenner & Veron, 2000", 132928,Pectinia lactuca,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,lactuca,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132929,Acanthastrea subechinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,subechinata,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 according to the WoRMS online database. C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 13293,Mexistenasellus nulemex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,STENASELLIDAE,Mexistenasellus,nulemex,,,,,"Bowman, 1982", 132930,Montipora gaimardi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,gaimardi,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 132931,Acropora willisae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,willisae,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 132932,Montipora orientalis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,orientalis,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967", 132933,Acropora carduus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,carduus,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 132934,Acropora tanegashimensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,tanegashimensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 132935,Acropora plumosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,plumosa,,,,,"Wallace & Wolstenholme, 1998", 132937,Acropora spathulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,spathulata,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)","This species may be confused with Acropora millepora. Wallace 1999 recognizes it as distinct based on morphology and reproductive data from Willis et al. (1997). However, Veron (2000) does not recognize this species. According to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022), this is a valid species." 132938,Porites evermanni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,evermanni,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 132939,Heterocyathus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Heterocyathus,sulcatus,,,,,"(Verrill, 1866)", 132941,Indophyllia macassarensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Indophyllia,macassarensis,,,,,"Best & Hoeksema, 1987","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Indophyllia macassarensis Best & Hoeksema, 1987 to Cynarina macassarensis (Best & Hoeksema, 1987) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=290187. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 132942,Montipora patula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,patula,,,,,"Verrill, 1869", 132943,Stylophora madagascarensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Stylophora,madagascarensis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 132944,Montipora nodosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,nodosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 132945,Porites colonensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,colonensis,,,,,"Zlatarski, 1990", 132946,Acropora lianae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,lianae,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora loripes. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430648. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132947,Echinophyllia echinoporoides,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinophyllia,echinoporoides,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1979","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron & Pichon, 1979 to Veron & Pichon, 1980 and the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 132949,Goniopora pendulus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,pendulus,,,,,"Veron, 1985","For additional taxonomic information on this species, please refer to Kitano et al. (2013)." 132950,Acropora macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,macrostoma,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora tenuis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207091. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132951,Acropora rufa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,rufa,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 132952,Acropora variabilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,variabilis,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora valida. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207028. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132953,Merulina scheeri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Merulina,scheeri,,,,,"Head, 1983", 132955,Goniopora pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,pearsoni,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 132957,Turbinaria bifrons,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,bifrons,,,,,"Brüggemann, 1877", 132959,Porites desilveri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,desilveri,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132961,Oculina tenella,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Oculina,tenella,,,,,"(De Pourtales, 1871)","There is high taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species. According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), it is an accepted species (database accessed September 2021). " 132962,Symphyllia erythraea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Symphyllia,erythraea,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Symphyllia erythraea to Lobophyllia erythraea and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207397. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 132963,Manicina areolata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Manicina,areolata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 132964,Fungia taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,taiwanensis,,,,,"Hoeksema & Dai, 1991","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia taiwanensis Hoeksema & Dai, 1991 to Pleuractis taiwanensis (Hoeksema & Dai, 1991). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288859. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 132967,Fimbriaphyllia yaeyamaensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Fimbriaphyllia,yaeyamaensis,,,,,"(Shirai, 1980)", 132968,Halomitra clavator,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Halomitra,clavator,,,,,"Hoeksema, 1989", 132970,Agaricia lamarcki,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Agaricia,lamarcki,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851", 132971,Acropora tumida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,tumida,,,,,"(Verrill, 1866)", 132972,Acropora paniculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,paniculata,,,,,"Verrill, 1902", 132973,Anacropora matthaii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Anacropora,matthaii,,,,,"Pillai, 1973", 132974,Plerogyra discus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Plerogyra,discus,,,,,"Veron & Fenner, 2000","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Plerogyridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132977,Montipora stilosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,stilosa,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 132979,Favites complanata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,complanata,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 132981,Acropora hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,hemprichii,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 132982,Montigyra kenti,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Montigyra,kenti,,,,,"Matthai, 1928","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Meandrinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 17Jan2022}" 132984,Acropora derawanensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,derawanensis,,,,,"Wallace, 1997", 132985,Turbinaria radicalis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,radicalis,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 132987,Echinopora gemmacea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,gemmacea,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 132988,Acropora longicyathus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,longicyathus,,,,,"(Milne Edwards, 1860)",Acropora navini is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 132989,Psammocora interstinctus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,interstinctus,,,,,Claereboudt 2006,"{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}

Although this nominal species appears in Claereboudt (2006), a full description of this species has not yet been formally published and no holotype was designated. As such, it is considered a nomen nudum and warrants redescription (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019, WoRMS database accessed 5 January 2022)." 13299,Micrarionta facta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Micrarionta,facta,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1864)", 132990,Acropora multiacuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,multiacuta,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967", 132991,Coscinaraea crassa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,crassa,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1980","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 132993,Zoopilus echinatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Zoopilus,echinatus,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 132994,Favites vasta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,vasta,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)", 132995,Goniopora planulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,planulata,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1834","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Ehrenberg, 1834 to (Ehrenberg, 1834). For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 132996,Fungia seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,seychellensis,,,,,"Hoeksema, 1993","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia seychellensis Hoeksema, 1993 to Pleuractis seychellensis (Hoeksema, 1993). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207345. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Hoeksema and Best (1994) and Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 132999,Millepora nitida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,nitida,,,,,Verrill 1868,"Originally described by Verrill (1868), this species was at one point considered a synonym of M. alcicornis (Boschma 1948) but was subsequently considered as distinct by the same author (Boschma 1962). Millepora nitida is presently considered a valid species based on morphological (Amaral et al. 2008) and genetic evidence (de Souza et al. 2017). Millepora braziliensis is morphologically very similar to its congener, Millepora nitida - differing only in colony morphology, but not in morphometric traits of the skeleton (Verrill 1868, de Souza et al. 2017)." 13306,Micrarionta opuntia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Micrarionta,opuntia,,,,,"Roth, 1975", 13300,Micrarionta feralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Micrarionta,feralis,,,,,"(Hemphill, 1901)", 133060,Goniastrea favulus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,favulus,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133062,Mycetophyllia lamarckiana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Mycetophyllia,lamarckiana,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}" 133061,Acropora tizardi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,tizardi,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora cerealis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207012. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133002,Seriatopora stellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Seriatopora,stellata,,,,,"Quelch, 1886", 133003,Leptastrea bewickensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LEPTASTREIDAE,Leptastrea,bewickensis,,,,,"Veron, Pichon & Best, 1977", 133064,Montipora florida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,florida,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967", 133004,Simplastrea vesicularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Simplastrea,vesicularis,,,,,"Umbgrove, 1939","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 133075,Palauastrea ramosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ASTROCOENIIDAE,Palauastrea,ramosa,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941", 133005,Anacropora spumosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Anacropora,spumosa,,,,,"Veron Turak & DeVantier, 2000", 133006,Acropora palmata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,palmata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133077,Coscinaraea mcneilli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,mcneilli,,,,,Wells 1962,"Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287942. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133007,Montipora malampaya,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,malampaya,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967", 133078,Favites acuticollis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,acuticollis,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1889)", 133079,Montipora maeandrina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,maeandrina,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133009,Dipsastraea albida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,albida,,,,,"(Veron, 2000)", 133080,Acropora selago,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,selago,,,,,"(Studer, 1879)",Acropora insignis is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 13301,Micrarionta gabbii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Micrarionta,gabbii,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1864)", 133081,Acropora kirstyae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,kirstyae,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133010,Acropora elseyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,elseyi,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)", 133011,Pocillopora ankeli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,ankeli,,,,,"Scheer & Pillai, 1974", 133012,Orbicella franksi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Orbicella,franksi,,,,,"(Gregory, 1895)","Orbicella franksi was identified as Montastraea annularis until 1994, when ecological, morphological, and molecular studies provided evidence that it was part of a species complex composed of three species: M. annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi (Weil and Knowlton 1994). Consequently, most studies prior to 1994 do not distinguish between the three species, and information on population is difficult to disaggregate for the three taxa. Later, Budd et al. (2012) separated modern species of the genus Montastraea into three genera: Montastraea de Blainville, 1830 (Atlantic Montastraea cavernosa), Orbicella Dana, 1846 (Atlantic Orbicella annularis complex), and Phymastrea Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 (Indo-Pacific)." 133014,Goniopora polyformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,polyformis,,,,,"Zou, 1980","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Zou, 1980 to (Zou, 1980). For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133086,Acropora lamarcki,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,lamarcki,,,,,"Veron, 2000","This species was placed in synonymy with Acropora subulata by Wallace et al. (2012), but is considered valid by Veron et al. (2016) and the WoRMS online database (accessed June 2022)." 133015,Montipora millepora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,millepora,,,,,"Crossland, 1952", 133017,Acropora plana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,plana,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora tenuis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430652. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133089,Echinophyllia patula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinophyllia,patula,,,,,"(Hodgson & Ross, 1982)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133018,Acropora minuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,minuta,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora palmerae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288223. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133019,Galaxea cryptoramosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Galaxea,cryptoramosa,,,,,"Fenner & Veron, 2000","Atention RLU: Please change the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133092,Astreopora incrustans,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,incrustans,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 133093,Alveopora daedalea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,daedalea,,,,,"Forskål, 1775","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Forskål, 1775 to (Forskål, 1775) and the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133022,Montipora niugini,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,niugini,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133094,Psammocora nierstraszi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,nierstraszi,,,,,Horst 1921,"{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Horst 1921 to Van der Horst, 1921 and change family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}

Psammocora vaughani is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022)." 133096,Porites columnaris,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,columnaris,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879", 133026,Mycedium mancaoi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Mycedium,mancaoi,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1979","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 17Jan2022} 

For additional taxonomic information, please see Huang et al. (2014)." 133027,Siderastrea radians,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Siderastrea,radians,,,,,(Pallas 1766),"{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Rhizangiidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 133100,Agaricia undata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Agaricia,undata,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)", 133101,Goniastrea minuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,minuta,,,,,"Veron, 2000","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Huang et al. (2014)." 133030,Acropora tutuilensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,tutuilensis,,,,,"Hoffmeister, 1925","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora abrotanoides. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430656. C. Linardich 4Jan2022

This species is a junior synonym of Acropora abrotanoides (Wallace 1999)." 133102,Dichocoenia stokesii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Dichocoenia,stokesii,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848","According to the WoRMS database (accessed August 2021), Dichotaenia stellaris is a junior synonym of D. stokesii. Colonies from lower reef slopes or shaded habitats have markedly smaller corallites than those from more exposed environments, and are usually identified as D. stellaris (Veron 2000)." 133031,Montipora effusa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,effusa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133103,Acropora pinguis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,pinguis,,,,,"Wells, 1950","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora robusta. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207070. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133032,Lobophyllia flabelliformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,flabelliformis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133104,Acropora elegantula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,elegantula,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1889)","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts." 133033,Acropora pulchra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,pulchra,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)", 133035,Acropora insignis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,insignis,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora selago. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288211. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133107,Porites attenuata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,attenuata,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1955", 133036,Fungia curvata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,curvata,,,,,"(Hoeksema, 1989)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Fungia curvata to Cycloseris curvata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288851. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133108,Hydnophora bonsai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Hydnophora,bonsai,,,,,Veron 1990, 133037,Mycetophyllia reesi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Mycetophyllia,reesi,,,,,"Wells, 1973","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}" 133109,Galaxea acrhelia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Galaxea,acrhelia,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Atention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 and the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133110,Ctenactis crassa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Ctenactis,crassa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133039,Turbinaria conspicua,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,conspicua,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 133111,Montipora saudii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,saudii,,,,,"Turak DeVantier & Veron, 2000", 133040,Echinopora mammiformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,mammiformis,,,,,"(Nemenzo, 1959)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133112,Acropora caroliniana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,caroliniana,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1976", 133113,Montipora cactus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,cactus,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133042,Millepora complanata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,complanata,,,,,Lamarck 1816, 133114,Duncanopsammia axifuga,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Duncanopsammia,axifuga,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848)", 133115,Acropora retusa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,retusa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133118,Porites sillimaniana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,sillimaniana,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1976","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Porites sillimaniana to Porites silimaniana. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1263555. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133047,Mycetophyllia aliciae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Mycetophyllia,aliciae,,,,,"Wells, 1973","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}" 133119,Plerogyra cauliformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Plerogyra,cauliformis,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Plerogyridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133048,Astreopora suggesta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,suggesta,,,,,"Wells, 1954", 133120,Acropora latistella,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,latistella,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)", 133121,Siderastrea glynni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Siderastrea,glynni,,,,,"Budd & Guzman, 1994","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a subjective junior synonym of Siderastrea siderea. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287840. and Glynn, P.W., Grassian, B., Kleemann, K.H. and Maté, J.L., 2016. The true identity of Siderastrea glynni Budd & Guzmán, 1994, a highly endangered eastern Pacific scleractinian coral. Coral Reefs, 35(4), pp.1399-1404. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133050,Acropora vermiculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,vermiculata,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora sarmentosa. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430658. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133122,Acropora plantaginea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,plantaginea,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts. It is described as a moderately cryptic species by Veron et al. (2016)." 133051,Goniopora norfolkensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,norfolkensis,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1982", 133123,Porites cumulatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,cumulatus,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1955", 133052,Echinopora irregularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,irregularis,,,,,"Veron Turak & DeVantier, 2000","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133124,Dendrogyra cylindrus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Dendrogyra,cylindrus,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1834", 133053,Scolymia cubensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Scolymia,cubensis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 133125,Acropora fenneri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,fenneri,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133126,Symphyllia hassi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Symphyllia,hassi,,,,,"Pillai & Scheer, 1976","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Symphyllia hassi Pillai & Scheer, 1976 to Lobophyllia hassi (Pillai & Scheer, 1976) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288083. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133056,Montipora spongiosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,spongiosa,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133128,Acropora pruinosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,pruinosa,,,,,"(Brook, 1893)","The taxonomic status of this species was considered unresolved by Wallace (1999), however, it is considered valid by Wallace et al. (2012), Veron (2000) and Veron et al. (2016). It is also listed as an accepted species in the World Register of Marine Species (online database accessed January 2022)." 133057,Fimbriaphyllia paradivisa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Fimbriaphyllia,paradivisa,,,,,"(Veron, 1990)", 133129,Astreopora ocellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,ocellata,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 133130,Acropora paragemmifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,paragemmifera,,,,,"Claereboudt, 2006","This species, resembling Acropora gemmifera, was described in 2006. As Claereboudt (2006) did not designate a holotype, it is considered a nomen nudum (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019, WoRMS database accessed 5 January 2022). Nomen nudum means that the proposed taxonomic name is invalid because the group designated is not described or illustrated sufficiently for recognition, has no nomenclatural status, and consequently can be used as though never previously proposed." 133059,Platygyra verweyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,verweyi,,,,,"Wijsman-Best, 1976","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133065,Tubipora musica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ALCYONACEA,TUBIPORIDAE,Tubipora,musica,,,,,Linnaeus 1758, 133131,Montipora friabilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,friabilis,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133067,Platygyra yaeyamaensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,yaeyamaensis,,,,,"(Eguchi & Shirai, 1977)", 133133,Acropora abrolhosensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,abrolhosensis,,,,,"Veron, 1985", 133068,Platygyra sinensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,sinensis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133134,Orbicella annularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Orbicella,annularis,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)","Montastraea annularis (Weil and Knowlton 1994) has been split into three species, including M. faveolata and M. franksi. Consequently, most studies prior to 1994 do not distinguish between the three species, and information on population is difficult to disaggregate for the three taxa. Later, Budd et al. (2012) separated modern species of the genus Montastraea into three genera: Montastraea de Blainville, 1830 (Atlantic Montastraea cavernosa), Orbicella Dana, 1846 (Atlantic Orbicella annularis complex), and Phymastrea Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 (Indo-Pacific)." 133069,Astreopora cucullata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,cucullata,,,,,"Lamberts, 1980", 133135,Madracis pharensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,pharensis,,,,,"(Heller, 1868)","

This taxon is now classified under the family Pocilloporidae, along with all Madracis species (Benzoni et al. 2018). Moreover, recent genetic and morphological evidence suggests it is highly probable that the Caribbean zooxanthellate species Madracis pharensis f. luciphila is actually a completely separate species to the cave-dwelling M. pharensis found in the eastern Atlantic (Azores and Mediterranean; Benzoni et al. 2018). As M. pharensis was originally described from the Adriatic Sea by Heller (1868), it is likely that the populations of M. pharensis f. luciphila described by Wells (1973) will have to adopt a new species name.

The consequences of these new findings are a restricted geographic range in what we now know as M. pharensis f. luciphila, compared to the 2008 IUCN Red List assessment. A recent work on the evolution of symbiosis and coloniality of Scleractinia has shown that the Madracis genus may not be monophyletic with two lineages diverging early in the tree, one of M. decactis, M. senaria, M. kirbyi and M. pharensis clustering with Dendrophylliidae in the Robusta clade, while M. asanoi, M. myriaster, M. formosa and M. carmabi together with Pocilloporidae in the Complex clade (Navarro-Campoy et al. 2020). These results must be taken with caution before taxonomic decisions are made as the phylogenetic analyses of Navarro-Campoy et al. (2020) are based on incomplete sampling of molecular markers across the analysed Madracis species, and mainly based on nuclear marker 28s, which is a multicopy gene with intragenomic variation.

Recent genetic revisions have confirmed a long-standing suspicion that M. pharensis in the Caribbean (a zooxanthellate form, often referred to as M. pharensis f. luciphila) is in fact not the same species as the M. pharensis found in the Mediterranean (a cave-loving species often found without zooxanthellae, sometimes referred to as M. pharensis f. pharensis to distinguish it from Luciphila in the Caribbean; Benzoni et al. 2018). Clear genetic and morphological differences suggest these are two different species and reduces the known range of this species compared to the 2008 IUCN Red List assessment, when it was thought to be pan-Atlantic and found in the Azores and Mediterranean (Benzoni et al. 2018). Madracis pharensis f. luciphila has smaller corallites more closely packed together (Benzoni et al. 2018).

Other studies of M. pharensis f. luciphila show strong genetic divergence between deep (>25 m) and shallow (< 25 m) Caribbean populations, whereby both hosts and zooxanthellae are genetically different between depth zones (Frade et al. 2008). Madracis pharensis was previously thought to have a very broad depth distribution, but these findings suggest the existence of deep and shallow taxa. The genetic divergence observed between deep and shallow M. pharensis is similar to that measured for well-established interspecific comparisons (e.g. M. mirabilis and M. formosa), making it likely that these two groups represent subspecies or even cryptic species (Frade et al. 2010). These findings further suggest that the range of M. pharensis is more restricted both geographically and depth-wise. Smaller than presumed effective population sizes and more limited genetic exchange may leave these populations more vulnerable than previously assumed.

Controversy around the taxonomy of M. pharensis and assignation of new names for potentially new species within this species complex will remain until a complete sampling of this taxon is undertaken, including the different populations of the species reported not only in the Caribbean and Atlantic (Benzoni et al. 2018), but also in the Pacific (Cairns and Zibrowius 1997, see discussion in Cairns 2000). In this updated Red List assessment, we include data collected from both forms and referred to them accordingly. 

" 133072,Montipora echinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,echinata,,,,,"Veron DeVantier & Turak, 2000", 133138,Acropora parapharaonis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,parapharaonis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora valida. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288229. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133073,Porites bernardi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,bernardi,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907","Attention RLU: This species is not valid. It is an unknown species and it is not known what species should have been referred to in the 2008 assessment of Porites bernardi Vaughan, 1907. It should be removed from the Red List. To add to the confusion, Porites bernardi Gravier, 1909 is a synonym of P. gabonensis. This is per communication with B. Hoeksema pers. comm. 14 February 2022 and the entries in WoRMS: https://www.marinespecies.org/scleractinia/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=869037 and https://www.marinespecies.org/scleractinia/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411262. C. Linardich 16 February 2022

Has been recognised by Fenner (2005) but not by Veron (2000). May be a synonym of Porites superfusa Gardner, 1935." 133074,Paragoniastrea deformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Paragoniastrea,deformis,,,,,"(Veron, 1990)","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Huang et al. (2014)." 133141,Schizoculina fissipara,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Schizoculina,fissipara,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850)",Molecular research is needed to resolve taxonomic uncertainties associated with the separation of Schizoculina africana and S. fissipara (B. Hoeksema pers. comm. 2022). 133143,Millepora squarrosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,squarrosa,,,,,Lamarck 1816, 133144,Millepora alcicornis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,alcicornis,,,,,Linneaus 1758,"

Recent genetic evidence suggests this species forms a species complex with Millepora complanata, M. alcicornis and M. complanata can only be differentiated morphologically, but not genetically (Ruiz-Ramos et al. 2014).

" 133145,Stylocoeniella cocosensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ASTROCOENIIDAE,Stylocoeniella,cocosensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 133146,Turbinaria frondens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,frondens,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133147,Leptoseris yabei,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,yabei,,,,,"(Pillai & Scheer, 1976)", 133149,Goniopora ciliatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,ciliatus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133150,Porites aranetai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,aranetai,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1955", 133151,Dipsastraea lacuna,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,lacuna,,,,,"(Veron Turak & DeVantier, 2000)", 133152,Lobophyllia pachysepta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,pachysepta,,,,,"Chevalier, 1975","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Lobophyllia pachysepta Chevalier, 1975 to Acanthastrea pachysepta (Chevalier, 1975). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207394. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

Refer to Huang et al. (2016) for additional taxonomic information on this species." 133153,Agaricia fragilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Agaricia,fragilis,,,,,"Dana, 1848", 133154,Echinophyllia pectinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinophyllia,pectinata,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 and the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Huang et al. (2016). " 133155,Pseudodiploria strigosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Pseudodiploria,strigosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1848)","In 2012, the genus Diploria was split into two separate genera: Diploria, which consists only of the species Diploria labyrinthiformis; and a new genus, Pseudodiploria, which consists of the species Pseudodiploria strigosa and Pseudodiploria clivosa (Budd et al. 2012)." 133157,Scolymia vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Scolymia,vitiensis,,,,,"Brüggemann, 1878","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Scolymia vitiensis Brüggemann, 1878 to Lobophyllia vitiensis (Brüggemann, 1877) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207395. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133159,Plesiastrea devantieri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Plesiastrea,devantieri,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Plesiastrea devantieri Veron, 2002 to Astrea devantieri (Veron, 2000) and change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288826. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133160,Acropora austera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,austera,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora parahemprichii is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133161,Platygyra contorta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,contorta,,,,,"Veron, 1990","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133162,Paramontastraea salebrosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Paramontastraea,salebrosa,,,,,"(Nemenzo, 1959)", 133163,Coscinaraea marshae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,marshae,,,,,Wells 1962,"Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287941. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133164,Acropora russelli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,russelli,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133165,Oculina varicosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Oculina,varicosa,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)", 133168,Pavona gigantea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,gigantea,,,,,"(Verril, 1896)", 133169,Stylophora mamillata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Stylophora,mamillata,,,,,"Scheer & Pillai, 1983", 133170,Montipora dilatata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,dilatata,,,,,"Studer, 1901", 133173,Fimbriaphyllia ancora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Fimbriaphyllia,ancora,,,,,"(Veron & Pichon, 1980)", 133174,Astreopora moretonensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,moretonensis,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133176,Coscinaraea exesa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,exesa,,,,,"Dana, 1846","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Coscinaraea exesa to Psammocora exesa and change the family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287938. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133177,Turbinaria patula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,patula,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133178,Astrea annuligera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Astrea,annuligera,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849", 133179,Fungia scabra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,scabra,,,,,"Döderlein, 1901","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia scabra Döderlein, 1901 to Lithophyllon scabra (Döderlein, 1901). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288856. C. Linardich 4Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133180,Galaxea longisepta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Galaxea,longisepta,,,,,"Fenner & Veron, 2000","Atention RLU: Please change the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133181,Acropora sukarnoi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,sukarnoi,,,,,"Wallace, 1997","This species is considered a synonym of Acropora irregularis by Veron (2000). According to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022), this is a valid species." 133182,Isopora brueggemanni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Isopora,brueggemanni,,,,,"(Brook, 1893)",The genus Isopora was previously a subgenus but was elevated (Wallace et al. 2007). 

Acropora meridiana is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133184,Mussismilia hispida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Mussismilia,hispida,,,,,"(Verrill, 1902)","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Verrill, 1902) to (Verrill, 1901) and the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 19Jan2022} 

This species was previously placed in the family Mussidae but is now placed under Faviidae (Budd et al. 2012, Budd et al. 2019)." 133185,Montipora calcarea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,calcarea,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133187,Porites arnaudi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,arnaudi,,,,,"Reyes-Bonilla & Carricart-Ganivet, 2000", 133188,Echinopora hirsutissima,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,hirsutissima,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133189,Acropora meridiana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,meridiana,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1971","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Isopora brueggemanni. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430649. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133190,Montipora vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,vietnamensis,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133191,Montipora porites,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,porites,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133193,Heliopora coerulea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,HELIOPORACEA,HELIOPORIDAE,Heliopora,coerulea,,,,,Pallas 1766, 133194,Montipora digitata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,digitata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133195,Acropora appressa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,appressa,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts." 133196,Montipora incrassata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,incrassata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133199,Montipora aspergillus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,aspergillus,,,,,"Veron DeVantier & Turak, 2000", 133202,Montipora hemispherica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,hemispherica,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133204,Acropora forskali,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,forskali,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts. Having studied what was possibly the holotype, Wallace (1999) considered this species as 'unresolved'. At least three type specimens exist in MNB, including specimen 897 to which Wallace refers. According to Scheer and Pillai (1983), specimen 898 is actually Acropora squarrosa and an A. squarrosa type specimen also labelled 898 is A. forskali. Nomenclature aside, this species has consistent, characteristic differences in corallite form from any other species throughout its western Indian Ocean distribution (Veron et al. 2016)." 133205,Pectinia teres,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,teres,,,,,"Nemenzo & Montecillo, 1981","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133206,Acropora roseni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,roseni,,,,,"Wallace, 1999", 133207,Acropora clathrata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,clathrata,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)",Reports of this species in the Persian Gulf prior to the description of Acropora downingi  might likely be A. downingi (Riegl et al. 2018). This species has finer and more crowded branches compared to A. downingi (Veron et al. 2016).
Acropora orbicularis is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133210,Dipsastraea speciosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,speciosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133211,Porites negrosensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,negrosensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 133212,Oculina diffusa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Oculina,diffusa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Lamarck, 1816) to Lamarck, 1816. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133213,Lithophyllon undulatum,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Lithophyllon,undulatum,,,,,"Rehberg, 1892", 133217,Meandrina danae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Meandrina,danae,,,,,"Milen-Edwards & Haime, 1948","This species is commonly confused with Meandrina braziliensis. Smith (1971) recognized two species in the Caribbean, the sub-massive and platy form, M. meandrites, and a free-living form, M. danae, and a third species in Brazil, M. braziliensis. Most reports in the last 20 years refer to the free-living form in the Caribbean as M. braziliensis. Review of the genus in the Caribbean has confirmed the identity of M. danae as the free-living form distinct from M. braziliensis, the identity of M. meandrites as a sub-massive platy form and a new crustos species yet to be described (Pinzón and Weil 2011)." 133218,Pachyseris foliosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pachyseris,foliosa,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 133219,Nemenzophyllia turbida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Nemenzophyllia,turbida,,,,,"Hodgson & Ross, 1982", 133221,Stylocoeniella muscosus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ASTROCOENIIDAE,Stylocoeniella,muscosus,,,,,"Claereboudt, 2006","Although this nominal species appears in Claereboudt (2006), a full description of this species has not yet been formally published and no holotype was designated. As such, it is considered a nomen nudum and warrants redescription (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019, WoRMS database accessed 5 January 2022)." 133223,Acropora donei,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,donei,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984","Acropora akajimensis is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). Infrequent hybridization may occur between this species and Acropora tenuis (Hatta and Matsushima 2008, Morita et al. 2019)." 133224,Meandrina meandrites,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Meandrina,meandrites,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 133225,Fimbriaphyllia divisa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Fimbriaphyllia,divisa,,,,,"(Veron & Pichon, 1980)", 133226,Lobophyllia serratus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,serratus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Lobophyllia serratus Veron, 2002 to Lobophyllia serrata Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288105. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Huang et al. (2016)." 133227,Astreopora expansa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,expansa,,,,,"(Brüggemann, 1877)", 133228,Euphyllia paraglabrescens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Euphyllia,paraglabrescens,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 133229,Montipora flabellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,flabellata,,,,,"Studer, 1901", 133232,Goniopora palmensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,palmensis,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1982", 133233,Acropora kimbeensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,kimbeensis,,,,,"Wallace, 1999", 133234,Stylophora danae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Stylophora,danae,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850", 133235,Turbinaria heronensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,heronensis,,,,,"Wells, 1959", 133237,Montastraea cavernosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MONTASTRAEIDAE,Montastraea,cavernosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Linnaeus, 1766) to (Linnaeus, 1767). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022} 

This species was previously classified in the family Faviidae but is now under Montastraeidae (Huang et al. 2014)." 133238,Montipora hispida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,hispida,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133241,Pectinia crassa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,crassa,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133243,Echinopora pacifica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,pacifica,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 133245,Montipora spongodes,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,spongodes,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133247,Acropora pharaonis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,pharaonis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards, 1860)", 133249,Porites mayeri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,mayeri,,,,,"Vaughan, 1918", 133251,Stylophora wellsi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Stylophora,wellsi,,,,,"Scheer, 1964", 133252,Acropora tortuosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,tortuosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133253,Blastomussa wellsi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Blastomussa,wellsi,,,,,"Wijsmann-Best, 1973","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Plerogyridae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133254,Acropora suharsonoi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,suharsonoi,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133255,Agaricia humilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Agaricia,humilis,,,,,"Verrill, 1901", 133257,Diploria labyrinthiformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Diploria,labyrinthiformis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 133259,Montipora stellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,stellata,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133260,Trachyphyllia geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,TRACHYPHYLLIIDAE,Trachyphyllia,geoffroyi,,,,,Audouin 1826,"{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Audouin 1826 to (Audouin, 1826) and the family from Trachyphylliidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 133261,Pavona danai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,danai,,,,,"(Milne Edwards, 1860)", 133263,Paramontastraea serageldini,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Paramontastraea,serageldini,,,,,"(Veron, 2002)", 133264,Acropora cardenae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,cardenae,,,,,"Wells, 1985", 133265,Acropora orbicularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,orbicularis,,,,,"Brook, 1892","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora clathrata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207027. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133266,Acropora nobilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,nobilis,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora robusta. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207090. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133268,Micromussa diminuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Micromussa,diminuta,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Micromussa diminuta Veron, 2002 to Goniopora diminuta (Veron, 2000) and the family from Lobophylliidae to Poritidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=290348. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133269,Heliofungia actiniformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Heliofungia,actiniformis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1833","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 to (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133270,Porites myrmidonensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,myrmidonensis,,,,,"Veron, 1985", 133271,Acropora sarmentosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,sarmentosa,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)",Acropora vermiculata is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133273,Acropora inermis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,inermis,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora microphthalma. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430646. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133274,Acropora sekiseiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,sekiseiensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora horrida. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288246. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133275,Psammocora decussata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,decussata,,,,,Yabe and Sugiyama 1937,"Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Psammocora contigua. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430675. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133276,Millepora latifolia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,latifolia,,,,,Boschma 1948, 133278,Leptastrea pruinosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LEPTASTREIDAE,Leptastrea,pruinosa,,,,,"Crossland, 1952","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Leptastrea purpurea. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207472. C. Linardich 5Jan2022  

Leptastrea pruinosa is a junior synonym of L. purpurea (Dana, 1846) according to Arrigoni et al. (2020)." 133279,Acropora parilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,parilis,,,,,"(Quelch, 1886)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora horrida. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288230. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133281,Madracis formosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,formosa,,,,,"Wells, 1973","

Madracis formosa has been moved into Pocilloporidae, along with all Madracis species, as genetics has recently confirmed it is more closely related to Pocillopora than Stephanocoenia (Benzoni et al. 2018).

" 133282,Montipora kellyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,kellyi,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133283,Acropora batunai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,batunai,,,,,"Wallace, 1997", 133285,Montipora palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,palawanensis,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133286,Porites excavata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,excavata,,,,,"Claereboudt, 2006","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Porites lobata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=759926. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

This species is not valid (J. Johnson pers. comm. 2021). Although this nominal species appears in Claereboudt (2006), a full description of this species has not yet been formally published and no holotype was designated. As such, it is considered a nomen nudum and warrants redescription (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019)." 133287,Astraeosmilia connata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Astraeosmilia,connata,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1892)", 133288,Agaricia grahamae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Agaricia,grahamae,,,,,"Wells, 1973", 133294,Acropora lokani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,lokani,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133295,Mycedium umbra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Mycedium,umbra,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 and the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 17Jan2022}" 133296,Porites tuberculosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,tuberculosa,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Porites tuberculosa Veron, 2002 to Porites tuberculosus Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288917. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

The name Porites tuberculosus Veron, 2000 may change in the future. Montipora tuberculosa (Lamarck, 1816) and Porites tuberculosus Veron, 2000 are valid and separate species (WoRMS online database accessed March 2022, B. Hoeksema pers. comm. 2022)." 133297,Goniopora savignyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,savignyi,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133298,Montipora turgescens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,turgescens,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133300,Millepora boschmai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,boschmai,,,,,De Weerdt and Glynn 1991,"A specimen collected in Indonesia was recently attributed to this species (Razak and Hoeksema 2003). Such an anomalous distribution requires taxonomic follow up to confirm or refute conspecific status. 

A note in Google drive says ""Do not reassess, taxonomy"" but no justification or source is provided and the species is accepted in WoRMS. C. Linardich 1March2022" 133301,Porites ornata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,ornata,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1971", 133306,Astreopora macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,macrostoma,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133307,Favites rotundata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,rotundata,,,,,"Veron Pichon & Wijsman-Best, 1977", 133309,Pocillopora inflata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,inflata,,,,,"Glynn, 1999","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Reyes-Bonilla et al. (2017)." 133310,Leptoria irregularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Leptoria,irregularis,,,,,"Veron, 1990","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133311,Acropora halmaherae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,halmaherae,,,,,"Wallace & Wolstenholme, 1998","Veron (2000) synonymized this species with Acropora parilis, but it was reinstated by Veron et al. (2016) due to significant differences between the type specimen of A. halmaherae and the type specimen of A. parilis (Quelch, 1886). This species is valid according to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022)." 133312,Acropora fastigata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,fastigata,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967","This species is considered a synonym of Acropora multiacuta by Veron and Hodgson (1989) and Wallace (1999), but is valid according to the WoRMS online database (accessed May 2022)." 133313,Acropora cytherea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,cytherea,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora efflorescens is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). This species is part of a species complex (Veron et al. 2016). 133316,Mycedium robokaki,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Mycedium,robokaki,,,,,"Moll & Best, 1984","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 17Jan2022}" 133317,Lithophyllon mokai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Lithophyllon,mokai,,,,,"Hoeksema, 1989","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Lithophyllon mokai Hoeksema, 1989 to Cycloseris mokai (Hoeksema, 1989). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=290307. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133318,Acropora torihalimeda,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,torihalimeda,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133319,Acropora horrida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,horrida,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora parilis and Acropora sekiseiensis are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133320,Acropora solitaryensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,solitaryensis,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133321,Cyphastrea ocellina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,ocellina,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133322,Acropora dendrum,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,dendrum,,,,,"(Bassett-Smith, 1890)","While currently treated as a valid species, world Acropora expert, Dr Carden Wallace, describes it as a ‘catch-all’ species representing corymbose plate morphs that do not fit easily with other species, hence further integrated taxonomic investigation may show this species represents a species complex (Z. Richards pers. comm. 2022)." 133323,Coscinaraea monile,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,monile,,,,,"Foskål, 1775","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Foskål, 1775 to (Forskål, 1775) and the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133328,Psammocora verrilli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,verrilli,,,,,Vaughan 1907,"Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Psammocora nierstraszi. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411275. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133333,Oulophyllia bennettae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Oulophyllia,bennettae,,,,,"(Veron, Pichon & Wijsman-Best, 1977)", 133334,Acropora branchi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,branchi,,,,,"Riegl, 1995", 133335,Mycedium steeni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Mycedium,steeni,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 and the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 17Jan2022}" 133336,Echinopora tiranensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,tiranensis,,,,,"Veron Turak & DeVantier, 2000", 133338,Acropora speciosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,speciosa,,,,,"(Quelch, 1886)",Acropora rambleri is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133339,Alveopora ocellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,ocellata,,,,,"Wells, 1954","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133340,Symphyllia wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Symphyllia,wilsoni,,,,,"Veron, 1985","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Symphyllia wilsoni Veron, 1985 to Australophyllia wilsoni (Veron, 1985) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288084. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133341,Anacropora forbesi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Anacropora,forbesi,,,,,"Ridley, 1884", 133342,Montipora cryptus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,cryptus,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133344,Podabacia sinai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Podabacia,sinai,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133346,Psammocora albopicta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,albopicta,,,,,"Benzoni, 2007","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Benzoni, 2007 to Benzoni, 2006 and the family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}
 
This species has previously been identified as Psammocora superficialis by Carpenter et al. (1997) and Harrison (1998). For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Choi and Song (2015)." 133347,Plerogyra diabolotus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Plerogyra,diabolotus,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Plerogyridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133348,Acropora variolosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,variolosa,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)", 133349,Porites compressa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,compressa,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133350,Acropora ridzwani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,ridzwani,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003", 133352,Acropora gomezi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,gomezi,,,,,"Veron, 2000","According to Veron et al. (2016), this species is a synonym of Acropora abrolhosensis, but it is listed as an accepted species in the World Register of Marine Species (Hoeksema and Cairns 2021)." 133354,Galaxea astreata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Galaxea,astreata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","Atention RLU: Please change the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133355,Acropora scherzeriana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,scherzeriana,,,,,"(Brüggemann, 1877)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora gemmifera. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207086. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133356,Mycetophyllia ferox,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Mycetophyllia,ferox,,,,,"Wells, 1973","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}" 133359,Acropora microclados,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,microclados,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133361,Montipora setosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,setosa,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1976", 133362,Millepora braziliensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,braziliensis,,,,,Verrill 1868,"Originally described by Verrill (1868), Millepora braziliensis is considered a valid species based on morphological (Amaral 2008) and genetic evidence (de Souza et al. 2017). This species is morphologically very similar to its congener, Millepora nitida - differing only in colony morphology, but not in morphometric traits of the skeleton (Verrill 1868, de Souza et al. 2017)." 133363,Mycedium spina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Mycedium,spina,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 17Jan2022}" 133366,Acanthastrea lordhowensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,lordhowensis,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1982","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Acanthastrea lordhowensis Veron & Pichon, 1982 to Micromussa lordhowensis (Veron & Pichon, 1982). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288880. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133367,Montipora confusa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,confusa,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967", 133368,Goniopora albiconus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,albiconus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133369,Echinopora robusta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,robusta,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133370,Porites profundus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,profundus,,,,,"Rehberg, 1892", 133371,Fungia distorta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,distorta,,,,,"Michelin, 1842","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia distorta Michelin, 1842 to Cycloseris distorta (Michelin, 1842). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207342. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133372,Polyphyllia novaehiberniae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Polyphyllia,novaehiberniae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 133373,Orbicella faveolata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Orbicella,faveolata,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)","Orbicella faveolata was identified as Montastraea annularis until 1994, when ecological, morphological, and molecular studies provided evidence that it was part of a species complex composed of three species: M. annularis, M. faveolata and M. franksi (Weil and Knowlton 1994). Consequently, most studies prior to 1994 do not distinguish between the three species, and information on population is difficult to disaggregate for the three taxa. Later, Budd et al. (2012) separated modern species of the genus Montastraea into three genera: Montastraea de Blainville, 1830 (Atlantic Montastraea cavernosa), Orbicella Dana, 1846 (Atlantic Orbicella annularis complex), and Phymastrea Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 (Indo-Pacific)." 133374,Micromussa multipunctata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Micromussa,multipunctata,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1985)", 133375,Montipora corbettensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,corbettensis,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133377,Pseudodiploria clivosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Pseudodiploria,clivosa,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)","In 2012, the genus Diploria was split into two separate genera: Diploria, which consists only of the species Diploria labyrinthiformis; and a new genus, Pseudodiploria, which consists of the species Pseudodiploria strigosa and Pseudodiploria clivosa (Budd et al. 2012)." 133379,Acropora convexa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,convexa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora millepora. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=367986. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133381,Acropora cervicornis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,cervicornis,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133384,Cantharellus noumeae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Cantharellus,noumeae,,,,,"Hoeksema & Best, 1984", 133385,Acropora parahemprichii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,parahemprichii,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora austera. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288228. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133389,Siderastrea siderea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Siderastrea,siderea,,,,,Ellis and Solander 1786,"{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Rhizangiidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}

Siderastrea glynni is a subjective junior synonym of this species (Glynn et al. 2016)." 133391,Goniopora burgosi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,burgosi,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1955", 133392,Dipsastraea laxa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,laxa,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)", 133394,Acropora loisetteae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,loisetteae,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133395,Porites porites,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,porites,,,,,"Pallas, 1766", 133396,Acropora desalwii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,desalwii,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133397,Fungia somervillei,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,somervillei,,,,,"Gardiner, 1909","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia somervillei Gardiner, 1909 to Cycloseris somervillei (Gardiner, 1909). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207357. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

This species is often confused with Fungia moluccensis." 133399,Porites okinawensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,okinawensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990","The mitochondrial sequence of this species is strikingly similar to Porites lobata, indicating the necessity for further systematic work to resolve phylogenetic relationships in the genus Porites (Tisthammer et al. 2016)." 133400,Eusmilia fastigiata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Eusmilia,fastigiata,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 133401,Acropora hoeksemai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,hoeksemai,,,,,"Wallace, 1997", 133402,Acropora squarrosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,squarrosa,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)",Acropora maryae is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133404,Montipora samarensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,samarensis,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967", 133405,Astraeosmilia tumida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Astraeosmilia,tumida,,,,,"(Matthai, 1928)", 133408,Coscinaraea wellsi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,wellsi,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1980","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Coscinaraea wellsi Veron & Pichon, 1980 to Cycloseris wellsi (Veron & Pichon, 1980) and change the family from Siderastreidae to Fungiidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207257. C. Linardich 4Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Benzoni et al. (2012)." 133409,Montipora verruculosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,verruculosa,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133411,Acanthastrea bowerbanki,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,bowerbanki,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Acanthastrea bowerbanki Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 to Homophyllia bowerbanki (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857). For reference please see WoRMS: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288876. C. Linardich 4Jan2022 

Acanthastrea hillae is a junior synonym of this species (D. Huang pers. comm. 2021, WoRMS database accessed January 2022)." 133412,Gyrosmilia interrupta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Gyrosmilia,interrupta,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Meandrinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133413,Cynarina lacrymalis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Cynarina,lacrymalis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848)", 133416,Montipora circumvallata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,circumvallata,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133417,Caulastraea furcata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Caulastraea,furcata,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133421,Porites baueri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,baueri,,,,,"Squires, 1959","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Porites lobata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288891. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

The taxonomic status of P. baueri has been questioned, as studies suggest it may be a misidentification of P. lobata (Glynn 2000, Reyes-Bonilla et al. 1999, Perez-Vivar et al. 2006). Nevertheless, according to Reyes-Bonilla (2002) and Lopez-Perez et al. (2003), P. baueri is one of the nine valid Porites species found at the eastern Pacific." 133422,Montipora capricornis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,capricornis,,,,,"Veron, 1985", 133424,Leptastrea inaequalis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LEPTASTREIDAE,Leptastrea,inaequalis,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Leptastreidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133425,Solenastrea hyades,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Solenastrea,hyades,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133427,Acropora simplex,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,simplex,,,,,"Wallace & Wolstenholme, 1998", 133429,Echinopora horrida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,horrida,,,,,"Dana, 1846","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133430,Porites heronensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,heronensis,,,,,"Veron, 1985", 133431,Heterocyathus aequicostatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Heterocyathus,aequicostatus,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848", 133432,Acropora spicifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,spicifera,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133433,Montipora crassituberculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,crassituberculata,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133434,Montipora mactanensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,mactanensis,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1979", 133435,Seriatopora dendritica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Seriatopora,dendritica,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the name and taxonomic authority of this species from Seriatopora dentritica Veron, 2002 to Seriatopora dentritica Veron, 2000. The reference is WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288066. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133436,Dichocoenia stellaris,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Dichocoenia,stellaris,,,,,"(M. Edwards & Haime, 1848)","{Attention RLU: This species is now considered a junior synonym of Dichocoenia stokesii. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 7Sept2021}

In the western Atlantic, this coral was been divided into two species (Dichocoenia stokesii and D. stellaris), although most researchers lump both corals under D. stokesii. According to Cairns et al. (1999), the two species are distinct. According to the WoRMS database (accessed August 2021), D. stellaris is a junior synonym of D. stokesii." 133437,Fungia moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,moluccensis,,,,,"Horst, 1919","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia moluccensis Horst, 1919 to Pleuractis moluccensis (Van der Horst, 1919). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207337. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133439,Agaricia tenuifolia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Agaricia,tenuifolia,,,,,"Dana, 1848", 133441,Acropora walindii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,walindii,,,,,"Wallace, 1999", 133442,Oxypora lacera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Oxypora,lacera,,,,,"Verrill, 1864","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Verrill, 1864 to (Verrill, 1864) and the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022} 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Arrigoni et al. (2016). " 133443,Montipora australiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,australiensis,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133444,Oculina valenciennesi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Oculina,valenciennesi,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850","There is high taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species. According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), it is an accepted species (database accessed September 2021)." 133445,Porites harrisoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,harrisoni,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022} 

The complete mitochondrial genome of this species has been sequenced (Terranao et al. 2018). Genome length consisted of 18,630 bp, with a base composition of 25.92% A, 13.28% T, 23.06% G, and 37.73% C. Consistent with other hard corals, this species' mitogenome was arranged in 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA, and 2 tRNA genes. nad5 and cox1 contained embedded Group I Introns of 11,133 bp and 965 bp, respectively." 133446,Astrangia poculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,RHIZANGIIDAE,Astrangia,poculata,,,,,"Ellis & Solander, 1786","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Ellis & Solander, 1786 to (Ellis & Solander, 1786) according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133447,Echinopora taylorae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,taylorae,,,,,"(Veron, 2000)","This species was described as Echinophyllia taylorae in 2000, but moved to Echinopora in 2002 (Veron 2002)." 133450,Montipora turtlensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,turtlensis,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133454,Montipora pachytuberculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,pachytuberculata,,,,,"Veron DeVantier & Turak, 2000", 133455,Pavona xarifae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,xarifae,,,,,"Scheer & Pillai, 1974","Veron (2002), considered Pavona xarifae to be a synonym of P. minuta. This species is valid according to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022)." 133457,Mussa angulosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Mussa,angulosa,,,,,(Pallas 1766),"{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}" 133460,Montipora cocosensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,cocosensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1918", 133461,Meandrina braziliensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Meandrina,braziliensis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1858)","{Attention RLU: Please change the name and taxonomic authority from Meandrina braziliensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1858) to Meandrina brasiliensis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 14Jan2022} 

The validity of this species is confirmed (Pinzón and Weil 2011, WoRMS database accessed January 2022).  
" 133462,Acropora rongelapensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,rongelapensis,,,,,"Richards & Wallace, 2004", 133464,Alveopora excelsa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,excelsa,,,,,"Verrill, 1863","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Verrill, 1863 to Verrill, 1864 and the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133465,Plerogyra multilobata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Plerogyra,multilobata,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Plerogyridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133466,Millepora striata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,striata,,,,,Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864,"

Millepora striata was synonymized under M. squarrosa by Boschma (1948), but subsequent work based on morphometric analysis of dactylopore size and density shows that M. striata is distinguishable from the other Caribbean milleporids based on morphology (de Weerdt 1984). Genetic data also supports M. striata as being distinct from M. squarrosa and the M. alcicornis-M. complanata complex (Ruiz-Ramos et al. 2014).

" 133467,Alveopora minuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,minuta,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 and the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133469,Acropora downingi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,downingi,,,,,"Wallace, 1999",This species is sometimes confused with the similar Acropora clathrata (Riegl et al. 2012). 133471,Acropora bushyensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,bushyensis,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133472,Isopora crateriformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Isopora,crateriformis,,,,,"(Gardiner, 1898)",The genus Isopora was previously a subgenus but was elevated (Wallace et al. 2007). 133475,Acropora pagoensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,pagoensis,,,,,"Hoffmeister, 1925","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora eurystoma. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411144. C. Linardich 4Jan2022

This species is likely a synonym of Acropora tenuis or A. yongei (Wallace 1999)." 133476,Madracis asperula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,asperula,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 to Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 14Jan2022}

There is no major taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species (J. Crabbe, D. Huang, N. Santodomingo pers. comm. 2021). Some previous authors have identified Madracis auretenra as M. asperula (e.g. Lewis 1960)." 133477,Mussismilia leptophylla,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Mussismilia,leptophylla,,,,,"(Verrill, 1868)","While species level distinction has been long accepted, Favia leptophylla was recently transferred to the genus Mussismilia based on phylogenetic (Fukami et al. 2004, Nunes et al. 2008) and micromorphological data (Budd et al. 2012)." 133479,Acropora hyacinthus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,hyacinthus,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora bifurcata is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133480,Acropora natalensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,natalensis,,,,,"Riegl, 1995","The taxonomic status of this species is somewhat uncertain since Wallace (1999) considered it unresolved and that it may be a synonym of Acropora solitaryensis, while Veron (2000) and Veron et al. (2016) consider it valid. It is accepted according to the WoRMS online database (accessed June 2022)." 133481,Acropora chesterfieldensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,chesterfieldensis,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133483,Acropora mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,mirabilis,,,,,"(Quelch, 1886)","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts. According to Veron et al. (2016), this species is distinct, but there is some doubt over the name and it forms part of a group of similar species that includes Acropora convexa and A. millepora. According to Wallace (1999), this species is similar to Acropora florida or A. sarmentosa." 133484,Anomastraea irregularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Anomastraea,irregularis,,,,,"Marenzeller, 1901","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133487,Echinopora grandicula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,grandicula,,,,,"Claereboudt, 2006","Although this nominal species appears in Claereboudt (2006), a full description of this species has not yet been formally published and no holotype was designated. As such, it is considered a nomen nudum and warrants redescription (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019, WoRMS database accessed 5 January 2022)." 133488,Pectinia africanus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,africanus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Pectinia africanus Veron, 2002 to Pectinia africana Veron, 2000 and change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288402. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133489,Montipora delicatula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,delicatula,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133490,Acanthastrea maxima,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,maxima,,,,,"Sheppard & Salm, 1988","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Acanthastrea maxima Sheppard & Salm, 1988 to Sclerophyllia maxima (Sheppard & Salm, 1988). For reference please see WoRMS: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288881. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133494,Acropora papillare,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,papillare,,,,,"Latypov, 1992", 133497,Caulastraea echinulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Caulastraea,echinulata,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)", 133498,Duncanopsammia peltata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Duncanopsammia,peltata,,,,,"(Esper, 1790)", 133499,Porites cocosensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,cocosensis,,,,,"Wells, 1950", 133500,Acropora kosurini,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,kosurini,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133501,Alveopora gigas,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,gigas,,,,,"Veron, 1985","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133504,Porites furcata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,furcata,,,,,"Lamarck, 1816","There is discussion about species distinctions among Porties porites - Porites furcata - Porites divaricata, whether these species represent morphological variants of one diverse species or distinct species. It is suggested that genetic variation among these putative species occur along geographic gradients rather than taxonomy (Prada et al. 2014)." 133505,Montipora taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,taiwanensis,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133506,Cyphastrea hexasepta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,hexasepta,,,,,"Veron Turak & DeVantier, 2000","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133507,Acropora khayranensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,khayranensis,,,,,"Claereboudt, 2006","This species was described in 2006 based on specimens previously referred to as Acropora valenciennesi (Claereboudt 2006). As Claereboudt (2006) did not designate a holotype, it is considered a nomen nudum (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019, WoRMS database accessed 5 January 2022). This species closely resembles Acropora sukarnoi (Veron et al. 2016). It is not accepted according to WoRMS (accessed June 2022)." 133508,Platygyra acuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,acuta,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133509,Podabacia motuporensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Podabacia,motuporensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990", 133510,Dipsastraea lizardensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,lizardensis,,,,,"(Veron & Pichon, 1977)", 133512,Porites sverdrupi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,sverdrupi,,,,,"Durham, 1947", 133513,Acropora anthocercis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,anthocercis,,,,,"(Brook, 1893)", 133514,Psammocora ramosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,ramosa,,,,,Claereboudt 2006,"Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Psammocora contigua. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=718650. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

Although this nominal species appears in Claereboudt (2006), a full description of this species has not yet been formally published and no holotype was designated. As such, it is considered a nomen nudum (Hoeksema and Carins 2019); however, it was included in the global assessment of hard corals (Carpenter et al. 2008, IUCN 2008)." 133515,Goniastrea ramosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,ramosa,,,,,"Veron, 2000","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Huang et al. (2014)." 133517,Lithophyllon ranjithi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Lithophyllon,ranjithi,,,,,"Ditlev, 2003","This species can be easily confused with Lithophyllon undulatum. 

According to Veron et al. (2016), this species is a synonym of Lithophyllon lobata (van der Horst, 1921). It is valid according to the WoRMS database (accessed May 2022)." 133518,Acropora wallaceae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,wallaceae,,,,,"Veron, 1990","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora samoensis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288265. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133519,Mycetophyllia danaana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Mycetophyllia,danaana,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}" 133520,Pavona chiriquiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,chiriquiensis,,,,,"Glynn Maté & Stemann, 2001", 133521,Stephanocoenia intersepta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ASTROCOENIIDAE,Stephanocoenia,intersepta,,,,,"Lamarck, 1816", 133522,Helioseris cucullata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Helioseris,cucullata,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)", 133524,Anacropora pillai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Anacropora,pillai,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133527,Mussismilia harttii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Mussismilia,harttii,,,,,"(Verrill, 1868)","{Attention RLU: Please change family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022} 

This species was previously placed in the family Mussidae but is now placed under Faviidae (Budd et al. 2012, Budd et al. 2019)." 133528,Blastomussa merleti,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Blastomussa,merleti,,,,,"Wells, 1961","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Wells, 1961 to (Wells, 1961) and change the family from Mussidae to Plerogyridae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022
" 133529,Horastrea indica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Horastrea,indica,,,,,"Pichon, 1971","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Benzoni et al. (2012)." 133530,Stylophora subseriata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Stylophora,subseriata,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","The taxonomic status of this nominal species remains in question (Stefani et al. 2011). Sheppard and Sheppard (1991) considered Stylophora subseriata to be a junior synonym of S. pistillata, while Veron (2000) considered both nominal species to be valid. Combined morphological and genetic analyses suggest that S. subseriata may be a junior synonym of S. pistillata, but more work is needed (Stefani et al. 2011). This species is valid according to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022)." 133533,Oculina robusta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Oculina,robusta,,,,,"Pourtalés, 1871","This species was described by Pourtalès (1871), the basis of record originally created by Cairns et al. (2009) and later revised by Hoeksema and Cairns (2021). Taxonomic description and habitat distribution is presented by Veron (2000)." 133534,Pocillopora zelli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,zelli,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022} 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Marti-Puig et al. (2014)." 133535,Agaricia agaricites,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Agaricia,agaricites,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 133536,Millepora intricata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,intricata,,,,,Milne Edwards 1857,"Millepora murrayi and M. xishaensis are synonyms of this species (Razak and Hoeksema 2003, WoRMS database accessed January 2022)." 133537,Heterocyathus alternatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Heterocyathus,alternatus,,,,,"Verrill, 1865", 133540,Poritipora paliformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Poritipora,paliformis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Poritipora paliformis Veron, 2002 to Goniopora paliformis (Veron, 2000). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=290846. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133541,Isopora elizabethensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Isopora,elizabethensis,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133542,Leptastrea aequalis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LEPTASTREIDAE,Leptastrea,aequalis,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133543,Porites brighami,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,brighami,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 133544,Madracis carmabi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,carmabi,,,,,"Vermeij Diekmann & Bak, 2003","

Features that distinguish this species from other Madracis species are the combination of (1) a branching morphology and (2) decameral septal organization. Vermeij et al. (2003) proposed that hybridization between Madracis decactis and Madracis formosa was the process leading to this new taxon. Madracis carmabi has been moved back into Pocilloporidae, along with all Madracis species, as genetics has recently confirmed it is more closely related to Pocillopora than Stephanocoenia (Benzoni et al. 2018). Madracis carmabi shares characteristics with two other Madracis species, i.e., colony morphology and septal arrangement correspond to that of M. formosa and M. decactis, respectively. Close relationships and exchange of genetic information have been found among Madracis species (Diekmann et al. 2001).

" 133546,Porites latistella,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,latistella,,,,,"Quelch, 1886","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Porites latistella to Porites latistellata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288906. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133547,Acropora yongei,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,yongei,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133549,Porites panamensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,panamensis,,,,,"Verril, 1866","The mitogenome of this species has a total length of 18,628 bp, and the arrangement consist of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 2 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes (Rio-Portilla et al. 2016)." 133550,Acropora glauca,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,glauca,,,,,"(Brook, 1893)", 133552,Pocillopora fungiformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,fungiformis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133554,Echinopora fruticulosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,fruticulosa,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133555,Porites deformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,deformis,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1955", 133556,Montipora spumosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,spumosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133561,Porites flavus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,flavus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133562,Oxypora convoluta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Oxypora,convoluta,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 and the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133563,Montipora peltiformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,peltiformis,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133564,Isophyllastrea rigida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Isophyllastrea,rigida,,,,,"(Dana, 1848)","{Attention RLU: Please change the name of this species from Isophyllastrea rigida to Isophyllia rigida. Also, please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}

Veron (2000) synonymized Isophyllastrea with Isophyllia." 133565,Lobophyllia dentatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,dentatus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Lobophyllia dentatus Veron, 2002 to Lobophyllia dentata Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288102. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133568,Porites rugosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,rugosa,,,,,"Fenner & Veron, 2000","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Fenner & Veron, 2000 to Veron & Fenner, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133571,Platygyra carnosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,carnosa,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133572,Porites echinulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,echinulata,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879", 133573,Australomussa rowleyensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Australomussa,rowleyensis,,,,,"Veron, 1985","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Australomussa rowleyensis Veron, 1985 to Lobophyllia rowleyensis (Veron, 1985) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=289490. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133574,Porites pukoensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,pukoensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 133575,Cladocora arbuscula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Cladocora,arbuscula,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)", 133577,Favites spinosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,spinosa,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)", 133578,Favites bestae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,bestae,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Favites melicerum. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411194. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133579,Pocillopora molokensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,molokensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Marti-Puig et al. (2014), Nakajima et al. (2017) and Schmidt-Roach et al. (2014)." 133580,Montipora hirsuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,hirsuta,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Montipora carinata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287711. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133583,Acropora awi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,awi,,,,,"Wallace & Wolstenholme, 1998", 133584,Porites divaricata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,divaricata,,,,,"Lesueur, 1821","

There is discussion about species distinctions among Porites porites - Porites furcata - Porites divaricata, whether these species represent morphological variants of one diverse species or distinct species. It is suggested that genetic variation among these putative species occur along geographic gradients rather than taxonomy (Prada et al. 2014).

" 133585,Pseudosiderastrea tayami,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Pseudosiderastrea,tayami,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Pseudosiderastrea tayami to Pseudosiderastrea tayamai and the family from Siderastreidae to Rhizangiidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207272. C. Linardich 19Jan2022

See Löser et al for new family (as of 2021).



This species is properly known as Pseudosiderastrea tayamai (Yabe and Sugiyama 1935, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019)." 133586,Mussismilia braziliensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Mussismilia,braziliensis,,,,,"(Verrill, 1867)","{Attention RLU: Please change family from Mussidae to Faviidae and please change the taxonomic authority from (Verrill, 1867) to (Verrill, 1868). Reference is WoRMS. -C. Linardich 19Jan2022} 

This species was previously placed in the family Mussidae but is now placed under Faviidae (Budd et al. 2012, Budd et al. 2019)." 133589,Psammocora explanulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,explanulata,,,,,Horst 1922,"Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Psammocora explanulata Horst, 1922 to Cycloseris explanulata (van der Horst, 1922) and change family from Siderastreidae to Fungiidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207265. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133590,Siderastrea savignyana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Siderastrea,savignyana,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 to Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 and the family from Siderastreidae to Rhizangiidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}

See Hoeksoema and Cairns (2020)

Taxonomic citation: Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2021). World List of Scleractinia. Siderastrea savignyana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207515 on 2021-11-23WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Siderastrea savignyana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849" 133591,Isophyllia sinuosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Isophyllia,sinuosa,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 14Jan2022}" 133592,Acropora exquisita,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,exquisita,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1971","The taxonomic status of this species is unresolved in Wallace (1999) and Veron et al. (2016). The species listed as Acropora exquisita in Veron (2000) is an unnamed species in preparation (Veron et al. 2016).  Nevertheless, this species is listed as accepted on the World Register of Marine Species (Hoeksema and Cairns 2021)." 133594,Favia fragum,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Favia,fragum,,,,,"(Esper, 1793)", 133595,Millepora platyphylla,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,platyphylla,,,,,Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1834,"Arrigoni et al. (2018) found that populations of this species from the Red Sea formed a distinct lineage with a deep genetic break with Southwestern Indian Ocean populations, which suggests the occurrence of cryptic species. Since this species' type specimen was collected at the Red Sea, the name is valid for that region. However, it was pointed out that in the rest of the Indo-Pacific, this species should be referred to as Millepora cf. platyphylla and further taxonomic evaluation is warranted (Dubé et al. 2019)." 133596,Schizoculina africana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Schizoculina,africana,,,,,"(Thiel, 1928)",Molecular research is needed to resolve taxonomic uncertainties associated with the separation of Schizoculina africana and S. fissipara (B. Hoeksema pers. comm. 2022). 133597,Cantharellus doederleini,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Cantharellus,doederleini,,,,,"(Marenzeller, 1907)", 133598,Acropora proximalis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,proximalis,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133599,Montipora undata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,undata,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133600,Acropora indonesia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,indonesia,,,,,"Wallace, 1997", 133602,Isopora togianensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Isopora,togianensis,,,,,"(Wallace, 1997)",This species was transferred to the genus Isopora by Wallace et al. (2007). 133603,Millepora murrayi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,murrayi,,,,,Quelch 1884,"{Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Millepora intricata. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 25Jan2022}

Razak and Hoeksema (2003) consider this species as a form of Millepora intricata." 133604,Acropora arabensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,arabensis,,,,,"Hodgson & Carpenter, 1995", 133605,Scolymia wellsi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Scolymia,wellsi,,,,,"(Laborel, 1967)","{Attention RLU: Please change the name of this species from Scolymia wellsi to Scolymia wellsii and change the family from Mussidae to Faviidae. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 19Jan2022}

According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), this species is accepted as Scolymia wellsii. Species in the genus Scolymia may be misidentified and can be confused with newly recruited polyps of Mussa angulosa. In Brazil, it can be confused with Mussismilia hispida recruits (M. Kitahara pers. comm. 2021). 

While field identification may be difficult, micro-morphological and micro-structural characters clearly differentiate Scolymia wellsi from its congeners, Scolymia lacera and Scolymia cubensis, as well as the colonial Mussa angulosa belonging to the same family and whose founder polyps strongly resemble Scolymia (Casebolt 2011, Budd et al. 2012). Molecular phylogenetics also support species-level distinction of Scolymia lacera and Scolymia wellsi (Fukami et al. 2004). The color of live specimens ranges from brown to green (sometimes even purple), and it is not uncommon to see multicolored individuals.

Scolymia cubensis has been reported to occur in Brazil (Neves et al. 2006), and while skeletal morphological differences are demonstrated between S. cubensis and S. wellsi collected in this study, a single specimen of S. cubensis was analyzed from Brazil. Nevertheless, future studies conducted on Scolymia spp. in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela or any other Caribbean location where the species is suspected to occur should verify identification in the laboratory, on at least a portion of the specimens studied. Molecular techniques are also indicated as means to separate Scolymia representatives." 133606,Symphyllia recta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Symphyllia,recta,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Symphyllia recta to Lobophyllia recta and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207399. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133608,Oxypora egyptensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Oxypora,egyptensis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000 and the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133609,Echinophyllia orpheensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinophyllia,orpheensis,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1980","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Benzoni (2013) and Arrigoni et al. (2016)." 133610,Porites decasepta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,decasepta,,,,,"Claereboudt, 2006", 133611,Madracis senaria,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,senaria,,,,,"Wells, 1974","

Madracis senaria has been moved into Pocilloporidae along with all Madracis species, as genetics has recently confirmed it is more closely related to Pocillopora than Stephanocoenia (Benzoni et al. 2018).

" 133612,Millepora foveolata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,foveolata,,,,,Crossland 1952, 133614,Seriatopora guttatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Seriatopora,guttatus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Seriatopora guttatus Veron, 2002 to Seriatopora guttata Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288067. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133615,Goniopora stutchburyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,stutchburyi,,,,,"Wells, 1955","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Goniopora stutchburyi Wells, 1955 to Bernardpora stutchburyi (Wells, 1955). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288279. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133617,Acropora jacquelineae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,jacquelineae,,,,,"Wallace, 1994", 133618,Madracis auretenra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,auretenra,,,,,"Locke Weil & Coates, 2007","

Madracis mirabilis (sensu Wells 1973) - a pale yellow shallow branching stony coral with cylindrical branches known as Yellow Pencil Coral - is a well studied species and the name ‘Madracis mirabilis’ is deeply entrenched within the literature to describe it. Locke et al. (2007) found this coral had never formally been described, and moreover, M. mirabilis (Duchassaing and Michelotti 1860) technically referred to a deep-water azooxanthellate species now synonymous with Madracis myriaster (Milne-Edwards and Haime 1849). Locke et al. (2007) described the Yellow Pencil Coral commonly known as M. mirabilis, as M. auretenra. However, many studies continue to use the name M. mirabilis to designate populations of this species (e.g. Frade et al. 2010, Veron et al. 2020) and there is some debate around whether replacing this well-established name with M. auretenra is adequately supported. The taxonomic debate about the validity of the new name M. auretenra in respect to M. mirabilis is based on the fact that the type specimen of M. mirabilis designated by Duchassaing and Michelotti (1860) was not revised by Locke et al. (2007) for the description of M. auretenra.

" 133619,Lobophyllia diminuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,diminuta,,,,,"Veron, 1985", 133620,Australogyra zelli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Australogyra,zelli,,,,,"(Veron, Pichon & Best, 1977)", 133621,Acropora valenciennesi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,valenciennesi,,,,,"(Milne Edwards, 1860)", 133622,Montipora capitata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,capitata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133623,Montipora cebuensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,cebuensis,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1976", 133624,Acanthastrea faviaformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,faviaformis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Acanthastrea faviaformis Veron, 2002 to Dipsastraea faviaformis (Veron, 2000). The family should be changed from Lobophylliidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288877. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133625,Porites studeri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,studeri,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts." 133626,Acropora schmitti,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,schmitti,,,,,"Wells, 1950","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora digitifera. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288245. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133627,Paramontastraea peresi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Paramontastraea,peresi,,,,,"(Faure & Pichon, 1978)", 133629,Favites stylifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,stylifera,,,,,"(Yabe & Sugiyama, 1937)","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Yabe & Sugiyama, 1937) to Yabe & Sugiyama, 1937. For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133630,Favites micropentagona,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,micropentagona,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Favites micropentagona Veron, 2002 to Favites micropentagonus Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288821. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133631,Erythrastrea flabellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Erythrastrea,flabellata,,,,,"Scheer & Pillai, 1983","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Oulophyllia wellsi. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207520. C. Linardich 4Jan2022 

This species is an objective synonym of Lobophyllia wellsi, which has been transferred to Oulophyllia following integrative morpho-molecular analyses (Arrigoni et al. 2021)." 133632,Montipora vaughani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,vaughani,,,,,"Hoffmeister, 1925","The taxonomic validity of this species has been questioned, although D. Fenner (pers. comm. 2008) states that it a distinct species. According to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022), this species is valid." 133637,Pocillopora indiania,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,indiania,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133639,Acropora pichoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,pichoni,,,,,"Wallace, 1999", 133642,Acanthastrea hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,hemprichii,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133643,Goniopora sultani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,sultani,,,,,"Veron DeVantier & Turak, 2000", 133645,Porites somaliensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,somaliensis,,,,,Gravier 1911,"{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Gravier 1911 to Gravier, 1910. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133647,Acropora polystoma,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,polystoma,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)",Acropora massawensis is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133650,Favites paraflexuosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,paraflexuosa,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Favites paraflexuosa Veron, 2002 to Favites paraflexuosus Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288822. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133651,Platygyra lamellina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,lamellina,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133653,Isopora cylindrica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Isopora,cylindrica,,,,,"Veron & Fenner, 2000","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Isopora togianensis (as Acropora cylindrica). Please see WoRMS for reference: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288194. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133654,Favites chinensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,chinensis,,,,,"(Verrill, 1866)", 133655,Acropora akajimensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,akajimensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora donei. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288183. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133656,Echinophyllia costata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinophyllia,costata,,,,,"Fenner and Veron, 2000","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133657,Solenastrea bournoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Solenastrea,bournoni,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849", 133659,Stylophora kuehlmanni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Stylophora,kuehlmanni,,,,,"Scheer & Pillai, 1983", 133661,Acropora echinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,echinata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133663,Madracis decactis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,decactis,,,,,"(Lyman, 1859)", 133664,Pachyseris involuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pachyseris,involuta,,,,,"Studer, 1878", 133665,Goniastrea thecata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,thecata,,,,,"Veron DeVantier & Turak, 2000","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133667,Craterestrea levis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Craterestrea,levis,,,,,Head 1983,"Attention RLU: Please change the name of this species from Craterestrea levis to Craterastrea levis and the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae. The reference is WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216131. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133668,Goniopora stokesi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,stokesi,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851", 133669,Cyphastrea decadia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,decadia,,,,,"Moll & Best, 1984","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133670,Micromussa minuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Micromussa,minuta,,,,,"(Moll & Borel-Best, 1984)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Micromussa minuta (Moll & Borel-Best, 1984) to Acanthastrea minuta Moll & Best, 1984. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=290349. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133671,Heteropsammia eupsammides,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Heteropsammia,eupsammides,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","Veron (2000) synonymized this species with Heteropsammia cochlea because they only differ in the number of corallites and that number is continuous. Furthermore, those with multiple corallites have to start out as single corallite ones and no one can say how the two species differ when they just have one corallite. 

According to the WoRMS online database (accessed January 2022), this species is valid." 133672,Acropora efflorescens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,efflorescens,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora cytherea. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430642. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133674,Montipora mollis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,mollis,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133675,Alveopora tizardi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,tizardi,,,,,"Bassett-Smith, 1890","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133677,Acropora massawensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,massawensis,,,,,"Marenzeller, 1906","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora polystoma. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207004. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133678,Acropora copiosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,copiosa,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora muricata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288192. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133679,Heteropsammia cochlea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Heteropsammia,cochlea,,,,,"(Spengler, 1781)", 133680,Porites astreoides,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,astreoides,,,,,"Lamarck, 1816", 133681,Acropora torresiana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,torresiana,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora samoensis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288258. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133682,Acropora subulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,subulata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133683,Pectinia maxima,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,maxima,,,,,"(Moll & Borel Best, 1984)","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Moll & Borel Best, 1984) to (Moll & Best, 1984) and the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133684,Coscinaraea hahazimaensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,hahazimaensis,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Coscinaraeidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133686,Leptoseris cailleti,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,cailleti,,,,,"(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)", 133687,Echinopora forskaliana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,forskaliana,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)", 133688,Acropora elegans,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,elegans,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860)", 133689,Anacropora reticulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Anacropora,reticulata,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133690,Cyphastrea japonica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,japonica,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932", 133691,Pocillopora effusus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,effusus,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Pocillopora effusus Veron, 2002 to Pocillopora effusa Veron, 2000. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=289247. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133692,Parasimplastrea sheppardi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Parasimplastrea,sheppardi,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Blastomussa loyae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=290681. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

According to Benzoni et al. (2014), the neotype of Parasimplastrea sheppardi Veron, 2000 (as designated by Veron 2002) is actually a specimen of Blastomussa loyae Head, 1978. Blastomussa loyae, previously considered an ecomorph of B. merleti (Veron 2000), is now considered a valid species (Kleeman and Baal 2011). As a result, P. sheppardi is a subjective junior synonym of B. loyae (Benzoni et al. 2014)." 133693,Sandalolitha robusta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Sandalolitha,robusta,,,,,"Quelch, 1886","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Quelch, 1886 to (Quelch, 1886). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 133694,Pectinia ayleni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,ayleni,,,,,"(Wells, 1935)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Pectinia ayleni to Physophyllia ayleni and change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=292166. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

It is difficult to distinguish this species from Pectinia lactuca (D. Fenner pers. comm. 2008)." 133695,Astraeosmilia curvata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Astraeosmilia,curvata,,,,,"(Wijsmann-Best, 1972)", 133696,Montipora altasepta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,altasepta,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1967", 133698,Acropora nana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,nana,,,,,"(Studer, 1879)", 133699,Acropora filiformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,filiformis,,,,,"Veron, 2000", 133701,Ctenella chagius,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MEANDRINIDAE,Ctenella,chagius,,,,,"Matthai, 1928","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Meandrinidae to Euphylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133703,Porites ericacea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,ericacea,,,,,"Claereboudt, 2006","Although this nominal species appears in Claereboudt (2006), a full description of this species has not yet been formally published and no holotype was designated. As such, it is considered a nomen nudum (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019, WoRMS database accessed 5 January 2022)." 133954,Chinapotamon pusillum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Chinapotamon,pusillum,,,,,"(Song, 1984)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133955,Stoliczia goal,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,goal,,,,,"Ng, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133956,Arachnothelphusa terrapes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Arachnothelphusa,terrapes,,,,,"Ng, 1991","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 133957,Neilupotamon papilionaceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neilupotamon,papilionaceum,,,,,"Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133958,Thaipotamon lomkao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaipotamon,lomkao,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133959,Villopotamon guangdongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Villopotamon,guangdongense,,,,,"Dai and Tuerkay, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133960,Somanniathelphusa brevipodum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,brevipodum,,,,,"Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 133961,Isolapotamon borneensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,borneensis,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133962,Holthuisana subconvexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,subconvexa,,,,,"(Roux, 1927)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 133963,Indochinamon lipkei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,lipkei,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 133964,Adeleana chapmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Adeleana,chapmani,,,,,"Holthuis, 1979","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 133965,Aparapotamon tholosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,tholosum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133966,Hypolobocera orcesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,orcesi,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1978",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 133967,Takpotamon maesotense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Takpotamon,maesotense,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1992)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133968,Perithelphusa rouxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perithelphusa,rouxi,,,,,"Bott, 1970","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 133969,Vela pulvinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vela,pulvinata,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904. The opinion of Bahir and Yeo (2007) is followed here P. (B.) pulvinata should be recognised as the valid species Vela pulvinata." 133970,Stoliczia bella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,bella,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 1987",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133971,Vanni ashini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vanni,ashini,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 133972,Lindacatalina puyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lindacatalina,puyensis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1978)","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. This species was formerly treated as Hypolobocera latipenis puyensis Pretzmann, 1978, a subspecies of Hypolobocera latipenis Pretzmann, 1968. It is recognised here as the valid species Hypolobocera puyensis Pretzmann, 1978." 133973,Pseudothelphusa sonorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,sonorae,,,,,"Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 133974,Tenuipotamon xinpingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuipotamon,xinpingense,,,,,"Chen, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133975,Kanpotamon simulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Kanpotamon,simulum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133976,Thelphusula hulu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,hulu,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 1997",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 133977,Heterothelphusa fatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Heterothelphusa,fatum,,,,,"Ng, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 133978,Pseudothelphusa galloi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,galloi,,,,,"Alvarez and Villalobos, 1990",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 133979,Sinopotamon parvum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,parvum,,,,,"Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang and Hu, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133980,Sylviocarcinus maldonadoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Sylviocarcinus,maldonadoensis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1978)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. This species was originally assigned to the genus Holthuisia. 133981,Potamocarcinus roatensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,roatensis,,,,,"Rodriguez and Lopez, 2003",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 133982,Siamthelphusa paviei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,paviei,,,,,"(De Man, 1898)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 133983,Sinopotamon rongshuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,rongshuiense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133984,Geothelphusa wangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,wangi,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133985,Indochinamon asperatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,asperatum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 133986,Thaiphusa chantaburiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaiphusa,chantaburiensis,,,,,"(Chuersri, 1973)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133987,Isolapotamon anomalum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,anomalum,,,,,"(Chace, 1938)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133988,Hypolobocera malagena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,malagena,,,,,"Prahl, 1988","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini, Subgenus Hypolobocera." 133989,Parathelphusa reticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,reticulata,,,,,"Ng, 1990","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 133990,Perithelphusa borneensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perithelphusa,borneensis,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1868)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 133991,Pseudothelphusa seiferti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,seiferti,,,,,"Hobbs, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 133992,Johora thoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,thoi,,,,,"Ng, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133993,Parathelphusa parma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,parma,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 133994,Artopotamon compressum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Artopotamon,compressum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133995,Trichodactylus borellianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,borellianus,,,,,"Nobili, 1896",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 133996,Fredilocarcinus raddai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Fredilocarcinus,raddai,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1978",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 133997,Zilchiopsis cryptodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Zilchiopsis,cryptodus,,,,,"Ortmann, 1893",Subfamily Dilocarcininae 133998,Sinopotamon lansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,lansi,,,,,"Doflein, 1902",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 133999,Orthothelphusa roberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Orthothelphusa,roberti,,,,,"(Bott, 1967)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini; subgenus Microthelphusa. This species was formerly assigned to the genus Eudaniela. 134057,Pseudothelphusa digueti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,digueti,,,,,"Rathbun, 1905",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134000,Chaceus curumanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,curumanensis,,,,,"Campos & Valencia, 2004",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134058,Phrygiopilus chuacusensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phrygiopilus,chuacusensis,,,,,"(Smalley, 1970)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. This species was formerly assigned to Isabellagordonia. 134001,Hypolobocera mutisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,mutisi,,,,,"Von Prahl, 1988",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134060,Sinolapotamon patelifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinolapotamon,patelifer,,,,,"(Wu, 1934)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134002,Epithelphusa mixtepensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Epithelphusa,mixtepensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134059,Parathelphusa pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,pallida,,,,,"Schenkel, 1902","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134003,Indochinamon xinpingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,xinpingense,,,,,"(Dai and Bo, 1994)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134061,Moritschus henrici,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Moritschus,henrici,,,,,"(Nobili, 1897)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134004,Geothelphusa tawu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,tawu,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134062,Somanniathelphusa zanklon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,zanklon,,,,,"Ng & Dudgeon, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134005,Hypolobocera triangula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,triangula,,,,,"Ramos-Tafur, 2006",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134006,Potamonautes antheus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,antheus,,,,,"(Colosi, 1920)",Bott (1955) treated this species as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Lobopotamonautes) aloysiisabaudiae. It is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes antheus. 134073,Esanpotamon namsom,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Esanpotamon,namsom,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Ng, 1997","Esanpotamon Naiyanetr and Ng, 1997 (type species Esanpotamon namsom Naiyanetr and Ng, 1997, by original designation; gender neuter). Subfamily Potamiscinae." 134007,Villopotamon sphaeridium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Villopotamon,sphaeridium,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Villopotamon by Yeo and Ng (2007). 134074,Neilupotamon physalisum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neilupotamon,physalisum,,,,,"Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang & Hu, 1984",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134008,Pseudothelphusa dilatata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,dilatata,,,,,"Rathbun, 1898","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini.

Three subspecies are included in this species: Pseudothelphusa dilatata dilatata Rathbun, 1898; Pseudothelphusa dilatata morelosis Pretzmann, 1968; and Pseudothelphusa dilatata sulcifrons Rathbun, 1898." 134075,Hypolobocera esmeraldensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,esmeraldensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & von Sternberg, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134009,Potamon transcaspicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,transcaspicum,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1962",Subfamily Potaminae. 134076,Lobithelphusa mexicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lobithelphusa,mexicana,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1982",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134077,Potamonautes dybowskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,dybowskii,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) depressus dybowskii (Rathbun, 1905). Cumberlidge (1998) and Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) treated it as a valid species." 134010,Austrothelphusa tigrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,tigrina,,,,,"Short, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134078,Parathelphusa manguao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,manguao,,,,,"Freitag & Yeo, 2004","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134011,Sayamia maehongsonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sayamia,maehongsonensis,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1987)","This species was formerly assigned to Somanniathelphusa. This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134079,Aparapotamon huiliense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,huiliense,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134012,Sudanonautes sangha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,sangha,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Boyko, 2000",This species was described in 2000 and has not been collected since then. 134013,Austrothelphusa angustifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,angustifrons,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1869)","Bott (1969) included this species in Holthuisana (Austrothelphusa). This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134080,Parathelphusa bogorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,bogorensis,,,,,"Bott, 1970","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134014,Typhlopseudothelphusa mitchelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Typhlopseudothelphusa,mitchelli,,,,,"Delamare Debouteville, 1976",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134081,Daipotamon minos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Daipotamon,minos,,,,,"Ng & Trontelj, 1996",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134015,Isolapotamon kinabaluense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,kinabaluense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134082,Hypolobocera meineli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,meineli,,,,,"Von Prahl, 1988",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134016,Holthuisana festiva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,festiva,,,,,"(Roux, 1911)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134083,Snaha escheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Snaha,escheri,,,,,"(Roux, 1931)","Bott (1970a, b) assigned this species to the genus Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970, on the basis of its weak epigastric and postorbital cristae, T shaped male abdomen, and slender G1 with a cone shaped terminal segment, with the base being as thick as the distal part of the subterminal segment. However, generic diagnostic characters of Snaha escheri clearly differentiate it from G. gubernatoris (Alcock, 1909), the type species of Gubernatoriana." 134017,Malayopotamon brevimarginatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,brevimarginatum,,,,,"(De Man, 1902)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134084,Huananpotamon yiyangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,yiyangense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134018,Malayopotamon similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,similis,,,,,"Ng and Tan, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134085,Hainanpotamon glabrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,glabrum,,,,,"(Dang, 1967)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134019,Sinopotamon davidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,davidi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134086,Geothelphusa miyazakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,miyazakii,,,,,"(Miyake & Chiu, 1965)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134087,Phrygiopilus strengerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phrygiopilus,strengerae,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1965)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134020,Somanniathelphusa zhapoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,zhapoensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134088,Sudanonautes chavanesii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,chavanesii,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1886)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Convexonautes) africanus chavanesii. Cumberlidge (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999) redescribed this species as Sudanonautes chavanesii." 134021,Pseudothelphusa ayutlaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,ayutlaensis,,,,,"Alvarez and Villalobus, 1997",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134089,Ibanum pilimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ibanum,pilimanus,,,,,"Ng and Jongkar, 2004",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134022,Aparapotamon molarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,molarum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134023,Hypolobocera dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,dentata,,,,,"Von Prahl, 1987",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134090,Bakousa hendersoniana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Bakousa,hendersoniana,,,,,"(De Man, 1899)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134024,Somanniathelphusa guilinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,guilinensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134091,Stelomon erawanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stelomon,erawanense,,,,,"Naiyanetr, 1992","Stelomon erewanense (Naiyanetr, 1992) was formerly included in Flabellamon. Subfamily Potamiscinae." 134025,Hypolobocera mindonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,mindonensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & von Sternberg, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134092,Potamonautes minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,minor,,,,,"Bott, 1955","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Lobopotamonautes) perparvus minor Bott, 1955. It is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes minor." 134026,Phrygiopilus montebelloensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phrygiopilus,montebelloensis,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134093,Zilchiopsis oronensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Zilchiopsis,oronensis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae 134027,Geothelphusa lanyu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,lanyu,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134094,Erebusa calobates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Erebusa,calobates,,,,,"Yeo & Ng, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134028,Hypolobocera gracilignatha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,gracilignatha,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1972","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini, Subgenus Hypolobocera." 134095,Geothelphusa tsayae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,tsayae,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134029,Kukrimon cucphuongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Kukrimon,cucphuongense,,,,,"(Dang, 1975)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Kukrimon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134096,Goyazana rotundicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Goyazana,rotundicauda,,,,,"Magalhaes & Turkay, 1996",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134097,Parapotamonoides endymion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Parapotamonoides,endymion,,,,,"(De Man, 1906)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134030,Sundathelphusa mistio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,mistio,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134098,Rodriguezus garmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Rodriguezus,garmani,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. This species was formerly assigned to the genus Eudaniela. 134031,Microthelphusa ginesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,ginesi,,,,,"Rodriguez & Estevez, 1972",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134099,Somanniathelphusa zhangpuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,zhangpuensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134032,Aparapotamon similium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,similium,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134033,Mekhongthelphusa brandti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mekhongthelphusa,brandti,,,,,"(Bott, 1968)","This species was originally assigned to Somanniothelphusa by Bott (1968). It was later assigned by Naiyanetr (1994) to the genus Chulathelphusa Naiyanetr, 1994 (type species Somanniathelphusa brandti Bott, 1968, by original designation; gender feminine). It was included in Mekhongthelphusa Nayanetr, 1985 by Yeo et al. (2007).

This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134100,Parathelphusa obtusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,obtusa,,,,,"(Bott, 1969)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134034,Fredilocarcinus apyratii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Fredilocarcinus,apyratii,,,,,"Magalhaes & Turkay, 1996",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134101,Chinapotamon anlongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Chinapotamon,anlongense,,,,,"Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134035,Baratha peena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Baratha,peena,,,,,"Bahir and Yeo, 2007","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134102,Erimetopus brazzae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Erimetopus,brazzae,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1886)","This species was treated by Bott (1955) as Potamonautes (Erimetopus) brazzae brazzae. Its taxonomy was revised by Cumberlidge and Reed (2004) who treated it as Erimetopus brazzae, and this opinion is followed here." 134036,Larnaudia larnaudii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Larnaudia,larnaudii,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1869)",This species was formed assigned to the genus Neolarnaudia. Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134103,Pilosamon palustre,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pilosamon,palustre,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134037,Tenuipotamon panxiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuipotamon,panxiense,,,,,"Chen, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134104,Moritschus ecuadorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Moritschus,ecuadorensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1897)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134038,Latopotamon xuanweiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Latopotamon,xuanweiense,,,,,"Naruse, Yeo & Zhou, 2008", 134105,Camptophallus botti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Camptophallus,botti,,,,,"Smalley, 1965",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134039,Paratelphusula dayana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Paratelphusula,dayana,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)",This species was originally assiged to Lobothelphusa. Subfamily Potaminae. 134106,Arachnothelphusa melanippe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Arachnothelphusa,melanippe,,,,,"(De Man, 1899)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134107,Bottapotamon lingchuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Bottapotamon,lingchuanense,,,,,"Tuerkay & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134040,Johora intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,intermedia,,,,,"(Ng, 1986)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134108,Demanietta thagatensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,thagatensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134041,Irmengardia nemestrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Irmengardia,nemestrinus,,,,,"Ng, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134109,Chaceus cesarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,cesarensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Viloria, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134042,Liotelphusa wuermlii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Liotelphusa,wuermlii,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1975)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134043,Microthelphusa racenisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,racenisi,,,,,"(Rodriguez, 1966)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134110,Amamiku amamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Amamiku,amamensis,,,,,"(Minei, 1973)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134044,Microthelphusa bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,bolivari,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134111,Geothelphusa taroko,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,taroko,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134045,Neostrengeria aspera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,aspera,,,,,"Campos, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134112,Yarepotamon guangdongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Yarepotamon,guangdongense,,,,,"Dai and Tuerkay, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134046,Parathelphusa nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,nana,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134113,Holthuisana loriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,loriae,,,,,"(Nobili, 1899)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134047,Phrygiopilus acanthophallus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phrygiopilus,acanthophallus,,,,,"Smalley, 1970",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134114,Perithelphusa buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perithelphusa,buettikoferi,,,,,"(de Man, 1899)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134048,Parathelphusa nitida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,nitida,,,,,"Ng, 1986","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134115,Phallangothelphusa dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phallangothelphusa,dispar,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1912)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134049,Vanni deepta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vanni,deepta,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134116,Tiwaripotamon austenianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tiwaripotamon,austenianum,,,,,"(Balss, 1914)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134117,Somanniathelphusa huanglungensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,huanglungensis,,,,,"Dai, Peng & Zhou, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134050,Esanthelphusa chiangmai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,chiangmai,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134118,Thelphusula sabana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,sabana,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 1998",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134051,Epithelphusa chiapensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Epithelphusa,chiapensis,,,,,"(Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134119,Parathelphusa maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,maculata,,,,,"De Man, 1879","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134053,Isolapotamon sinuatifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,sinuatifrons,,,,,"H. Milne-Edwards, 1853",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134120,Latopotamon obtortum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Latopotamon,obtortum,,,,,"(Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang & Hu, 1984)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134054,Stygothelphusa nobilii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Stygothelphusa,nobilii,,,,,"(Colosi, 1920)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134121,Hypolobocera peruviana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,peruviana,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134055,Carpomon pomulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Carpomon,pomulum,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134122,Pupamon namuan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pupamon,namuan,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Pupamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134056,Vadosapotamon sheni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Vadosapotamon,sheni,,,,,"(Dai, Chen, Liu, Yi, Liu, Gu & Liu, 1990)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134063,Valdivia camerani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Valdivia,camerani,,,,,"Nobili, 1896",Subfamily Dilocarcininae 134123,Neotiwaripotamon jianfengense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neotiwaripotamon,jianfengense,,,,,"Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134064,Maydelliathelphusa edentula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Maydelliathelphusa,edentula,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134124,Neolarnaudia botti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neolarnaudia,botti,,,,,"Tuerkay & Naiyanetr, 1987",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Neolarnaudnia by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134065,Potamon bileki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,bileki,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1971","Subfamily Potaminae. This species was referred to as Potamon (Potamon) bileki by Brandis et al. (2000), and it is treated here as Potamon bileki." 134125,Rotundovaldivia latidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Rotundovaldivia,latidens,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1869",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134066,Sinopotamon baiyanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,baiyanense,,,,,"Ng and Jiang, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134126,Austrothelphusa valentula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,valentula,,,,,"(Riek, 1951)","Bott (1969) included this species in Holthuisana (Austrothelphusa). This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134067,Johora gapensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,gapensis,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134127,Indochinamon boshanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,boshanense,,,,,"(Dai and Chen, 1985)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134068,Potamonautes adeleae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,adeleae,,,,,"Bott, 1968",Bott (1968) described this species as Potamonautes (Lirrangapotamonautes) lirrangensis adeleae. It was revised by Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) as Potamonautes adeleae. 134128,Neostrengeria lemaitrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,lemaitrei,,,,,"Campos, 2004",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134069,Stoliczia ekavibhathai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,ekavibhathai,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134129,Parathelphusa cabayugan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,cabayugan,,,,,"Freitag & Yeo, 2004","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134130,Potamocarcinus hartmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,hartmanni,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1975",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134070,Ovitamon tomaculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ovitamon,tomaculum,,,,,"Ng & Takedo, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134131,Dilocarcinus pagei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Dilocarcinus,pagei,,,,,"Stimpson, 1861","Subfamily Dilocarcininae.

This species is treated by some authors as having two subspecies - D. p. pagei and D. p. enriquei.

Dilocarcinus pagei pagei Stimpson, 1861 = Dilocarcinus pagei cristatus Bott, 1969;
Dilocarcinus pagei enriquei Pretzmann, 1978." 134071,Beccumon jarujini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Beccumon,jarujini,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Beccumon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134132,Hypolobocera barbacensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,barbacensis,,,,,"Campos, Magalhaes & Rodriguez, 2002",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134133,Potamon mesopotamicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,mesopotamicum,,,,,"Brandis, Storch & Tuerkay, 1998",Subfamily Potaminae. 134134,Sylviocarcinus pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Sylviocarcinus,pictus,,,,,"(H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. Some authors treat this taxon as a subspecies (S. p. pictus). 134135,Hypolobocera conradi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,conradi,,,,,"(Nobili, 1897)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134136,Geelvinkia calmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Geelvinkia,calmani,,,,,"(Roux, 1927)","This species was formerly assigned to Mainitia. This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134137,Malayopotamon gestroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,gestroi,,,,,"(Nobili, 1900)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134138,Moritschus caucasensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Moritschus,caucasensis,,,,,"Campos, Magalhaes & Rodriguez, 2002",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134139,Malayopotamon javanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,javanense,,,,,"(Bott, 1968)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134140,Somanniathelphusa bawangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,bawangensis,,,,,"Dai and Xing, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134141,Neostrengeria binderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,binderi,,,,,"Campos, 2000",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134143,Hainanpotamon helense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,helense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134144,Phallangothelphusa magdalenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phallangothelphusa,magdalenensis,,,,,"Campos, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134146,Phricotelphusa limula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,limula,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1882)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134147,Indochinamon edwardsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,edwardsi,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134148,Isolapotamon bauense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,bauense,,,,,"Ng, 1987",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134149,Phrygiopilus yoshibensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phrygiopilus,yoshibensis,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 13415,Microstrophia modesta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Microstrophia,modesta,,,,,"Adams, 1867", 134150,Trichodactylus crassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,crassus,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1869",Subfamily Trichodactylinae 134151,Pudaengon sakonnakorn,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,sakonnakorn,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134152,Epilobocera wetherbeei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Epilobocera,wetherbeei,,,,,"Rodriguez & Williams, 1995",Subfamily Epilobocerinae. 134153,Pseudothelphusa belliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,belliana,,,,,"Rathbun, 1898",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134154,Nanhaipotamon pingyuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,pingyuanense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134155,Maydelliathelphusa falcidigitis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Maydelliathelphusa,falcidigitis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1910)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134156,Johora aipooae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,aipooae,,,,,"Ng, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134157,Insulamon unicorn,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Insulamon,unicorn,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134158,Esanthelphusa fangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,fangensis,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1987)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134159,Guinothusa harmandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Guinothusa,harmandi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 13416,Microstrophia nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Microstrophia,nana,,,,,"Peile, 1936", 134160,Potamonautes schubotzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,schubotzi,,,,,"(Balss, 1936)",This species was treated by Bott (1955) as Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) schubotzi. It is listed here as Potamonautes schubotzi. 134161,Microthelphusa barinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,barinensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134162,Himalayapotamon koolooense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,koolooense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134163,Chaceus caecus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,caecus,,,,,"Rodrigues & Bosque, 1990",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134164,Tiwaripotamon xiurenense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tiwaripotamon,xiurenense,,,,,"Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134165,Raddaus orestrius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Raddaus,orestrius,,,,,"(Smalley, 1965)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134166,Phricotelphusa callianira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,callianira,,,,,"(De Man, 1887)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134167,Isolapotamon doriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,doriae,,,,,"(Nobili, 1900)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134168,Vanni travancorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vanni,travancorica,,,,,"(Henderson, 1913)","Bott (1970b) regarded Vanni travancorica (Henderson, 1913) as a junior subjective synonym of Travancoriana malabarica (Henderson, 1912), noting that they differed only in the strength of the epigastric and postorbital cristae, and that both forms were collected from the same general area (Ponmudi and Cochin State Forest, southwestern India). Bahir and Yeo (2007) treated Vanni travancorica as a valid species." 134169,Ptychophallus costaricaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,costaricaensis,,,,,"Villalobos-Sole, 1974",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134170,Huananpotamon angulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,angulatum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Song, Fan, Lin & Zeng, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134171,Somanniathelphusa gaoyunensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,gaoyunensis,,,,,"Dai, Peng & Zhou, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134172,Indochinamon changpoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,changpoense,,,,,"(Dai, 1995)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134173,Moreirocarcinus emarginatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Moreirocarcinus,emarginatus,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1853)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134174,Indochinamon flexum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,flexum,,,,,"(Dai, Song, Li & Liang, 1980)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134175,Parathelphusa linduensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,linduensis,,,,," (Roux, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134176,Geothelphusa leeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,leeae,,,,,"Shy, 2005",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134178,Oziothelphusa bouvieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,bouvieri,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134179,Sinopotamon siguqiaoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,siguqiaoense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134180,Shanphusa curtobates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Shanphusa,curtobates,,,,,"(Kemp, 1918)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Shanphusa by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134181,Vanni nilgiriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vanni,nilgiriensis,,,,,"(Roux, 1931)","Bott (1970b) assigned V. nilgiriensis (Roux, 1931) and V. pusilla (Roux, 1931) to Gubernatoriana Bott, 1969 [type species: Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) gubernatoris Alcock, 1909]. Bahir and Yeo recognised this taxon as V. nilgirensis." 134182,Huananpotamon medium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,medium,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134183,Parathelphusa torta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,torta,,,,,"(Chia & Ng, 1998)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134184,Sinopotamon obliquum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,obliquum,,,,,"Dai & Jiang, 1991",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134185,Geothelphusa pingtung,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,pingtung,,,,,"Tan & Liu, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134186,Hypolobocera gibberimana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,gibberimana,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134187,Geothelphusa lili,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,lili,,,,,"Chen, Cheng and Shy, 2005",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134188,Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Spiralothelphusa,wuellerstorfi,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134189,Demanietta huahin,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,huahin,,,,,"Yeo, Naiyanetr & Ng, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134190,Sundathelphusa hades,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,hades,,,,,"Takeda and Ng, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134191,Dilocarcinus septemdentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Dilocarcinus,septemdentatus,,,,,"(Herbst, 1783)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134192,Sinopotamon xingningense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,xingningense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134193,Somanniathelphusa araeochela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,araeochela,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134194,Parathelphusa quadrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,quadrata,,,,,"Ng, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134195,Potamocarcinus colombiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,colombiensis,,,,,"Prahl & Ramos, 1987",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini; subgenus Potamocarcinus. 134196,Pseudothelphusa dugesti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,dugesti,,,,,"Rathbun, 1893",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134197,Sinopotamon honanese,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,honanese,,,,,"Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134198,Geothelphusa ancylophallus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,ancylophallus,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134199,Terrathelphusa kuchingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Terrathelphusa,kuchingensis,,,,,"(Nobili, 1901)",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134200,Potamonautes langi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,langi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1921)",Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Obesopotamonautes) langi. Cumberlidge (1998) treated this species as Potamonautes langi. 134201,Aparapotamon arcuatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,arcuatum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134202,Phrygiopilus ibarrai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phrygiopilus,ibarrai,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1980)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134203,Odontothelphusa maxillipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Odontothelphusa,maxillipes,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134204,Lindacatalina orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lindacatalina,orientalis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134205,Migmathelphusa olivacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Migmathelphusa,olivacea,,,,,"Chia and Ng, 2006","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134206,Hypolobocera emberarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,emberarum,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1995",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134207,Thaiphusa tenasserimensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaiphusa,tenasserimensis,,,,,"(De Man, 1898)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. Formerly in the genus Demanietta. 134208,Lindacatalina sumacensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lindacatalina,sumacensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & von Sternberg, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134209,Raddaus mertensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Raddaus,mertensi,,,,,"(Bott, 1956)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134210,Potamocarcinus armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,armatus,,,,,"H. Milne-Edwards, 1853",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134211,Strengeriana florenciae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,florenciae,,,,,"Campos, 1995",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134212,Trichodactylus panoplus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,panoplus,,,,,"(von Martens, 1869)",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134213,Rathbunamon lacunifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Rathbunamon,lacunifer,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134214,Stoliczia stoliczkana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,stoliczkana,,,,,"(Wood Mason, 1871)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134215,Coccusa isophallus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Coccusa,isophallus,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 1998","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134216,Globitelphusa pistorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Globitelphusa,pistorica,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Bott (1970) included this species in the genus Liotelphusa, in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the genus Globitelphusa, subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134217,Tehuana lamothei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,lamothei,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1994",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134218,Tomaculamon stenixys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tomaculamon,stenixys,,,,,"Yeo & Ng, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134220,Gubernatoriana pilosipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Gubernatoriana,pilosipes,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134221,Huananpotamon chongrenense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,chongrenense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134222,Aspermon feae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aspermon,feae,,,,,"De Man, 1898",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This taxon was reassigned to Aspermon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134223,Somanniathelphusa yangshanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,yangshanensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134224,Tiwaripotamon annamense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tiwaripotamon,annamense,,,,,"(Balss, 1914)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134225,Himalayapotamon marinelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,marinelli,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1963)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134226,Stelomon turgidulimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stelomon,turgidulimanus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1910)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134227,Pseudothelphusa hoffmannae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,hoffmannae,,,,,"Alvarez and Villalobos, 1990",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134229,Pupamon nayung,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pupamon,nayung,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Pupamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134230,Odontothelphusa palenquensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Odontothelphusa,palenquensis,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1991",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini; subgenus Elsalvadoria. 134231,Lindacatalina latipenis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lindacatalina,latipenis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. This species was formerly assigned to Hypolobocera latipenis latipenis Pretzmann, 1968." 134232,Tehuana jacatepecensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,jacatepecensis,,,,,"Villalobos & Alvarez, 2003",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134233,Sinopotamon xingshanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,xingshanense,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang and Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134234,Hypolobocera kamsarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,kamsarum,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1995",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134235,Coccusa cristicervix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Coccusa,cristicervix,,,,,"Ng and Jongkar, 2004","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134236,Sinopotamon yixianense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,yixianense,,,,,"Du, Lai, Deng, Shen & Chen, 1981",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134237,Pseudothelphusa jouyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,jouyi,,,,,"Rathbun, 1893",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134238,Strengeriana restrepoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,restrepoi,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134239,Rodriguezia villalobosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Rodriguezia,villalobosi,,,,,"Rodriguez & Manrique, 1967",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134240,Anchlidon agrestis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Anchlidon,agrestis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134241,Gubernatoriana escheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Gubernatoriana,escheri,,,,,"(Roux, 1931)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134242,Sinopotamon cladopodum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,cladopodum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang and Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134243,Geothelphusa takuan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,takuan,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134244,Siamthelphusa retimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,retimanus,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134245,Hypolobocera rotundilobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,rotundilobata,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1994",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134246,Parathelphusa tera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,tera,,,,,"(Chia & Ng, 1998)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134247,Potamonautes walderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,walderi,,,,,"(Colosi, 1924)","Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Tripotamonautes) walderi. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) treated this species as Potamonautes walderi." 134248,Parathelphusa mindoro,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,mindoro,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134249,Pupamon prabang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pupamon,prabang,,,,,"(Yeo & Naiyanetr, 1999)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Pupamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134250,Sudanonautes faradjensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,faradjensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1921)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Convexonautes) africanus chaperi. Cumberlidge (1994, 1998, 1999) redescribed this species as Sudanonautes faradjensis." 134251,Potamonautes lueboensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,lueboensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) depressus depressus (Krauss, 1843). This taxon is referred to here as Potamonautes lueboensis." 134252,Erimetopus vandenbrandeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Erimetopus,vandenbrandeni,,,,,"(Balss, 1936)", 134254,Hypolobocera steindachneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,steindachneri,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134255,Hypolobocera smalleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,smalleyi,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134256,Esanthelphusa nimoafi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,nimoafi,,,,,"Yeo, 2004","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134257,Somanniathelphusa ruijinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,ruijinensis,,,,,"Dai, Peng and Zhou, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134258,Tenuipotamon yuxiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuipotamon,yuxiense,,,,,"Chen, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134259,Potamiscus yiwuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,yiwuensis,,,,,"Dai and Cai, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134260,Trichodactylus kensleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,kensleyi,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1992",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134261,Fredius granulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,granulatus,,,,,"Rodriguez & Campos, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134262,Sundathelphusa montanoanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,montanoanus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134263,Eosamon hafniense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,hafniense,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134264,Lindacatalina sinuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lindacatalina,sinuensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, Campos and Lopez, 2002",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134265,Strengeriana risaraldensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,risaraldensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Campos, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134266,Siamthelphusa improvisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,improvisa,,,,,"(Lanchester, 1901)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134267,Strengeriana foresti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,foresti,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134268,Sundathelphusa picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,picta,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1868)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134269,Sinopotamon longlinense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,longlinense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134270,Himalayapotamon emphyseteum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,emphyseteum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134271,Somanniathelphusa kyphuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,kyphuensis,,,,,"Dang, 1995",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134272,Socotrapotamon nojidensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Socotrapotamon,nojidensis,,,,,"Apel & Brandis, 2000",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134273,Dalatomon laevior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Dalatomon,laevior,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Kempamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134274,Disparithelphusa pecki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Disparithelphusa,pecki,,,,,"Smalley & Adkinson, 1984",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134275,Geothelphusa sakomotoana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,sakomotoana,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134276,Potamonautes perparvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,perparvus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1921)",Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Lobopotamonautes) perparvus perparvus. Cumberlidge (1998) treated this species as Potamonautes perparvus. 134277,Lobothelphusa barbouri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Lobothelphusa,barbouri,,,,,"Rathbun, 1910", 134278,Megacephalomon kittikooni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Megacephalomon,kittikooni,,,,,"(Yeo & Naiyanetr, 1999)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Megacephalomon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134279,Isolapotamon grusophallus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,grusophallus,,,,,"Ng & Yang, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134280,Cryptopotamon anacoluthon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Cryptopotamon,anacoluthon,,,,,"(Kemp, 1918)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134282,Maydelliathelphusa lugubris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Maydelliathelphusa,lugubris,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134283,Apotamonautes hainanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Apotamonautes,hainanensis,,,,,"(Parisi, 1916)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. Subspecies A. h. hainanensis. 134284,Potamon gedrosianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,gedrosianum,,,,,"Alcock, 1909",Subfamily Potaminae. 134285,Neostrengeria macropa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,macropa,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1853)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134286,Parathelphusa modiglianii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,modiglianii,,,,,"Nobili, 1903","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134287,Phrygiopilus longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Phrygiopilus,longipes,,,,,"(Bott, 1956)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. This species was formerly assigned to Isabellagordonia. 134288,Indochinamon mengalaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,mengalaense,,,,,"(Dai and Cai, 1998)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134289,Villalobosus lopezformenti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Villalobosus,lopezformenti,,,,,"(Alvarez & Villalobos, 1991)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134290,Alcomon superciliosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Alcomon,superciliosum,,,,,"(Kemp, 1913)","Subfamily Potaminae. This species (and P. lophocarpus Kemp, 1913) are now assigned to the genus Alcomon." 134291,Strengeriana flagellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,flagellata,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1993",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134292,Hainanpotamon rubrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,rubrum,,,,,"Dang & Tran, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134293,Potamon fluviatile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,fluviatile,,,,,"(Herbst, 1785)","Subfamily Potaminae. Pretzmann (1983) recognised five subpopulations for this species (as Potamon (Telphusa) fluviatilis fluviatilis, which he called nations), mainly for populations that inhabit islands in the Aegean and Mediterranean. The subspecies Potamon fluviatile lanfrancoi Capolongo and Cilia, 1990 was also not recognised by Brandis et al. (2000). This species was revised to Potamon (Eutelphusa) fluviatile by Brandis et al. (2000) and is treated here as Potamon fluviatile." 134294,Potamon setiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,setiger,,,,,"Rathbun, 1904",Subfamily Potaminae. Pretzmann (1984) and Kinzelbach (1985) recognised two subspecies of this taxon for populations that inhabit islands. This taxon was was most recently revised as Potamon (Potamon) setiger by Brandis et al. (2000) and it is treated here as Potamon setiger. 134295,Indochinamon orleansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,orleansi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134297,Latopotamon qujingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Latopotamon,qujingense,,,,,"Naruse, Yeo & Zhou, 2008", 134298,Trichodactylus parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,parvus,,,,,"Moreira, 1912",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134299,Malayopotamon sumatrense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,sumatrense,,,,,"(Miers, 1880)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134300,Ptychophallus uncinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,uncinatus,,,,,"Campos & Lemaitre, 1999",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134301,Neostrengeria gilberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,gilberti,,,,,"Campos, 2000",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134302,Somanniathelphusa boyangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,boyangensis,,,,,"Dai & Zhou, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134303,Tomaculamon pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tomaculamon,pygmaeus,,,,,"Yeo & Ng, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134304,Travancoriana kuleera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Travancoriana,kuleera,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134305,Vela carli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vela,carli,,,,,"(Roux, 1931)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Bott (1970a,b) assigned Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) carli Roux, 1931, to Travancoriana Bott, 1969 [type species: Travancoriana schirnerae Bott, 1969]. This taxon is recognised here as Vela carli following the opinion of Bahir and Yeo (2007)." 134307,Geothelphusa tenuimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,tenuimanus,,,,,"(Mikyake & Minei, 1965)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134308,Zilchia ivis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Zilchia,ivis,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1978",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. This species was formerly assigned ot the genus Potamocarcinus. 134309,Hypolobocera beieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,beieri,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134310,Sinopotamon acutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,acutum,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134311,Demanietta tritrungensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,tritrungensis,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1986)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134312,Sinopotamon gaocuense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,gaocuense,,,,,"Naruse, Yeo & Zhou, 2008", 134313,Microthelphusa somanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,somanni,,,,,"(Bott, 1967)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134314,Geothelphusa obtusipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,obtusipes,,,,,"Stimpson, 1858",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134315,Eosamon paludosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,paludosum,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134317,Sayamia sexpunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sayamia,sexpunctata,,,,,"(Lanchester, 1906)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134318,Sundathelphusa cavernicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,cavernicola,,,,,"(Takeda, 1983)",Bott (1970) included this species in the genus Archipelothelphusa. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to Sundathelphusa. 134319,Nanhaipotamon pinghense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,pinghense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134320,Rouxana ingrami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Rouxana,ingrami,,,,,"(Calman, 1908)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134321,Kingsleya besti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Kingsleya,besti,,,,,"Magalhaes, 1990",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134322,Fredius fittkaui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,fittkaui,,,,,"(Bott, 1967)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134324,Indochinamon villosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,villosum,,,,,"(Yeo & Ng, 1998)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134325,Hypolobocera solimani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,solimani,,,,,"Ramos-Tafur, 2006",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134326,Stoliczia pahangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,pahangensis,,,,,"(Roux, 1936)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134328,Prionothelphusa eliasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Prionothelphusa,eliasi,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134329,Rouxana phreatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Rouxana,phreatica,,,,,"Holthuis, 1982","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134330,Indochinamon guttum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,guttum,,,,,"(Yeo & Ng, 1998)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134331,Chaceus nasutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,nasutus,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134332,Huananpotamon guixiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,guixiense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134333,Typhlopseudothelphusa acanthochela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Typhlopseudothelphusa,acanthochela,,,,,"Hobbs, 1986",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134334,Smalleyus tricristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Smalleyus,tricristatus,,,,,"Alvarez, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134335,Cerberusa caeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Cerberusa,caeca,,,,,"Holthuis, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134336,Acanthopotamon martensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Acanthopotamon,martensi,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1875)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134337,Potamonautes punctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,punctatus,,,,,"Bott, 1955",Bott (1955) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) punctatus. It is listed here as Potamonautes punctatus. 134339,Thelphusula buergeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,buergeri,,,,,"(De Man, 1899)",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134340,Bottapotamon fukienense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Bottapotamon,fukienense,,,,,"(Dai, Chen, Song, Fan, Lin & Zeng, 1979)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134341,Planumon cochinchinense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Planumon,cochinchinense,,,,,"(De Man, 1898)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Planumon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134342,Eudaniela casanarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Eudaniela,casanarensis,,,,,"(Campos, 2001)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. Formerly assigned to the genus Achagua. 134343,Somanniathelphusa yuilinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,yuilinensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134344,Phricotelphusa amnicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,amnicola,,,,,"Ng, 1994", 134345,Parathelphusa balabac,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,balabac,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134346,Stoliczia rafflesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,rafflesi,,,,,"(Roux, 1936)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134347,Microthelphusa viloriai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,viloriai,,,,,"Suarez, 2006",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134348,Bottapotamon yonganense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Bottapotamon,yonganense,,,,,"(Cheng, Lin & Luo, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134349,Nanhaipotamon yongchuense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,yongchuense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134350,Pseudothelphusa granatensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,granatensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134351,Sinopotamon jiangxianense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,jiangxianense,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134352,Microthelphusa wymani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,wymani,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134353,Tenuilapotamon joshuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuilapotamon,joshuiense,,,,,"(Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134354,Salangathelphusa anophrys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Salangathelphusa,anophrys,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134355,Hypolobocera exuca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,exuca,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1977",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134356,Parathelphusa crocea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,crocea,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134357,Parathelphusa baweanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,baweanensis,,,,,"Ng, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134358,Somanniathelphusa plicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,plicatus,,,,,"(Fabricus, 1798)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134359,Himalayapotamon kausalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,kausalis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1966)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134360,Tenuilapotamon latilum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuilapotamon,latilum,,,,,"(Chen, 1980)","Subfamily Potamiscinae. Six subspecies are included in this species: Tenuilapotamon latilum latilum (Chen, 1980) [Sinopotamon]; Tenuilapotamon latilum anshunense Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang and Hu, 1985; Tenuilapotamon latilum bijiense Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang and Hu, 1985; Tenuilapotamon latilum huishuiense Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang and Hu, 1985; Tenuilapotamon latilum kaiyangense Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang and Hu, 1985; and Tenuilapotamon latilum shuichengense Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang and Hu, 1985." 134361,Stoliczia perlensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,perlensis,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134362,Demanietta nakhonsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,nakhonsi,,,,,"Yeo, Naiyanetr & Ng, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134363,Potamocarcinus chajulensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,chajulensis,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134365,Potamon algeriense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,algeriense,,,,,"Bott, 1967","Subfamily Potaminae. Bott (1967) established this taxon as the subspecies Potamon fluviatilis algeriensis, and Pretzmann (1976) treated it as the subspecies Potamon fluviatilis berghetripsorum. This species was later revised to Potamon (Eutelphusa) algeriense by Brandis et al. (2000), and it is treated here as Potamon algeriense folowing the opinion of Cumberlidge (1998)." 134366,Potamiscus rangoonense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,rangoonense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134367,Isolapotamon stuebingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,stuebingi,,,,,"Ng, 1995", 134368,Hainanpotamon fuchengense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,fuchengense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134369,Tehuana chontalpaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,chontalpaensis,,,,,"Villalobos & Alvarez, 2003",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134370,Indochinamon hirtum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,hirtum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134371,Maydelliathelphusa masoniana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Maydelliathelphusa,masoniana,,,,,"(Henderson, 1893)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134372,Chaceus turikensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,turikensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Herrera, 1994",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134373,Holthuisana wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,wollastoni,,,,,"(Calman, 1914)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134374,Iomon nan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Iomon,nan,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Iomon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134375,Paratelphusula gibbosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Paratelphusula,gibbosa,,,,,"(Ng and Kosuge, 1997)",This species was formerly assigned to Lobothelphusa. Subfamily Potaminae. 134376,Geelvinkia darnei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Geelvinkia,darnei,,,,,"Ng and Guinot, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134377,Neostrengeria tencalanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,tencalanensis,,,,,"Campos, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134378,Barythelphusa jacquemontii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Barythelphusa,jacquemontii,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134379,Larnaudia beusekomae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Larnaudia,beusekomae,,,,,"Bott, 1970",Bott (1970) included this species in the genus Tiwaripotamon. Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134380,Neostrengeria lobulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,lobulata,,,,,"Campos, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134381,Sylviocarcinus devillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Sylviocarcinus,devillei,,,,,"H. Milne Edwards, 1853",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134382,Hypolobocera guayaquilensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,guayaquilensis,,,,,"Bott, 1967",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134383,Rouxana roushdyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Rouxana,roushdyi,,,,,"Bott, 1974","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134384,Geothelphusa eucrinodonta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,eucrinodonta,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134385,Oedothelphusa orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Oedothelphusa,orientalis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134386,Ovitamon arcanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ovitamon,arcanum,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134387,Sundathelphusa boex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,boex,,,,,"Ng & Sket, 1996",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134388,Microthelphusa forcarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,forcarti,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1967)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134389,Paratelphusula peguensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Paratelphusula,peguensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134390,Somanniathelphusa sinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,sinensis,,,,,"(H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134391,Potamiscus elaphrius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,elaphrius,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Liu, Luo, Yi, Liu, Gu and Liu, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134392,Parathelphusa nagasakti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,nagasakti,,,,,"Ng, 1988","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134393,Beccumon maesariang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Beccumon,maesariang,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Beccumon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134394,Rouxana minima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Rouxana,minima,,,,,"(Roux, 1927)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134395,Globitelphusa bakeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Globitelphusa,bakeri,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Bott (1970) included this species in the genus Liotelphusa, in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the genus Globitelphusa, subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134396,Neilupotamon sinense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neilupotamon,sinense,,,,,"(Tai & Sung, 1975)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134397,Sinopotamon yaanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,yaanense,,,,,"(Chung & Tsao, 1962)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134398,Thaipotamon dansai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaipotamon,dansai,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134399,Minpotamon nasicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Minpotamon,nasicum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134400,Holthuisana biroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,biroi,,,,,"Nobili, 1905","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134401,Siamthelphusa acutidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,acutidens,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134402,Mediapotamon angustipedum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Mediapotamon,angustipedum,,,,,"(Dai & Song, 1982)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was originally described as Malayopotamon angustipedum and assigned to the Isolapotamidae. 134403,Orthothelphusa venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Orthothelphusa,venezuelensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini; subgenus Microthelphusa. This species was formerly assigned to the genus Forsteria. 134404,Parathelphusa maindroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,maindroni,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134405,Potamiscus decourcyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,decourcyi,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134406,Sundathelphusa vedeniki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,vedeniki,,,,,"Ng & Sket, 1996","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134407,Geothelphusa fulva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,fulva,,,,,"Naruse, Shokita and Shy, 2004",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134408,Sudanonautes orthostylis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,orthostylis,,,,,"Bott, 1955","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Sudanonautes) decazei orthostylis Bott, 1955. Cumberlidge (1995; 1999) redescribed this species as Sudanonautes orthostylis." 134409,Potamonautes xiphoidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,xiphoidus,,,,,"Reed and Cumberlidge, 2006",This species was described by Reed and Cumberlidge (2006). 134410,Stelomon kanchanaburiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stelomon,kanchanaburiense,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1992)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134411,Potamonautes odhneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,odhneri,,,,,"(Colosi, 1924)","Bott (1955) treated Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) odhneri (Colosi, 1924) as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) pilosus (Hilgendorf, 1898) from Kenya and Tanzania. Cumberlidge (2007) resurrected this species as P. odhneri." 134412,Tiwaripotamon vietnamicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tiwaripotamon,vietnamicum,,,,,"(Dang & Ho, 2002)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134413,Potamocarcinus poglayeneuwalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,poglayeneuwalli,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1978",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134414,Sinopotamon wushanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,wushanense,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134416,Sundathelphusa sutteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,sutteri,,,,,"Bott, 1970",Bott (1970) assigned this species to Archipelothelphusa. 134417,Strengeriana antioquensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,antioquensis,,,,,"Von Prahl, 1987",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134418,Chaceus ibiricensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,ibiricensis,,,,,"Campos & Valencia, 2004",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134419,Geothelphusa ilan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,ilan,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134420,Trichodactylus ehrhardti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,ehrhardti,,,,,"Bott, 1969",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134421,Huananpotamon lichuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,lichuanense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134422,Terrapotamon palian,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Terrapotamon,palian,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134423,Tiwaripotamon pingguoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tiwaripotamon,pingguoense,,,,,"Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134424,Geothelphusa tali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,tali,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134425,Parapotamon spinescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Parapotamon,spinescens,,,,,"(Calman, 1905)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134426,Candidiopotamon kumejimense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Candidiopotamon,kumejimense,,,,,"Minei, 1973", 134427,Indochinamon gengmaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,gengmaense,,,,,"(Dai, 1995)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134428,Neolarnaudia buesekomae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neolarnaudia,buesekomae,,,,,"Bott, 1970", 134429,Strengeriana bolivarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,bolivarensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Campos, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134430,Villopotamon klossianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Villopotamon,klossianum,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Villopotamon by Yeo and Ng (2007). 134431,Tehuana lamellifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,lamellifrons,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1893)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134432,Sinopotamon nanlingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,nanlingense,,,,,"Dai and Chiang, 1991",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134433,Socotra pseudocardisoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Socotra,pseudocardisoma,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Wranik, 2002",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134434,Siamthelphusa nan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,nan,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134435,Parathelphusa rasilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,rasilis,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134436,Strengeriana fuhrmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,fuhrmanni,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1912)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134437,Adeleana forcarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Adeleana,forcarti,,,,,"Bott, 1969","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134438,Potamonemus mambilorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonemus,mambilorum,,,,,"Cumberlidge and Clark, 1992","This species was described by Cumberlidge and Clark (1992), and Cumberlidge (1993, 1998, 1999)." 134439,Forsteria venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Forsteria,venezuelensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134440,Cylindrothelphusa steniops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Cylindrothelphusa,steniops,,,,,"Alcock, 1909","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134441,Somanniathelphusa tongzhaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,tongzhaensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr and Dai, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134442,Malayopotamon granulosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,granulosum,,,,,"(Balss, 1937)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134443,Brasiliothelphusa tapajoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Brasiliothelphusa,tapajoense,,,,,"Magalhaes & Turkay, 1986",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134445,Hypolobocera noanamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,noanamensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, Campos & Lopez, 2002",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134446,Trichodactylus quinquedentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,quinquedentatus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1893)",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134447,Sinopotamon fuxingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,fuxingense,,,,,"Dai & Liu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134448,Sinopotamon jiujiangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,jiujiangense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134449,Holthuisana beauforti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,beauforti,,,,,"(Roux, 1911)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134450,Lepidothelphusa cognetti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Lepidothelphusa,cognetti,,,,,"(Nobili, 1903)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134451,Kanpotamon duangkhaei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Kanpotamon,duangkhaei,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134452,Stoliczia leoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,leoi,,,,,"Ng & Yang, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134453,Parathelphusa palawanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,palawanensis,,,,,"(Bott, 1969)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134454,Indochinamon kimboiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,kimboiense,,,,,"(Dang, 1975)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134455,Vietopotamon phuluangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Vietopotamon,phuluangense,,,,,"(Bott, 1970)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Vietopotamon by Yeo and Ng (2007). 134456,Allacanthos pittieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Allacanthos,pittieri,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134457,Kingsleya latifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Kingsleya,latifrons,,,,,"(Randall, 1840)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134458,Parathelphusa ovum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,ovum,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134459,Eosamon brousmichei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,brousmichei,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134460,Balssiathelphusa natunaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Balssiathelphusa,natunaensis,,,,,"Bott, 1970","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134461,Neostrengeria botti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,botti,,,,,"Rodriguez & Turkay, 1978",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134462,Strengeriana taironae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,taironae,,,,,"Rodriguez & Campos, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134463,Indochinamon andersonianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,andersonianum,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134464,Sinopotamon exiguum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,exiguum,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134465,Laevimon tankiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Laevimon,tankiense,,,,,"(Dang and Tran, 1992)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134466,Perithelphusa lehi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perithelphusa,lehi,,,,,"Ng, 1986","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134467,Siamthelphusa faxoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,faxoni,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134468,Esanthelphusa prolatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,prolatus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was formerly assigned to Somanniathelphusa. It was included in family Parathelphusidae, but it has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134469,Geothelphusa nanhsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,nanhsi,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134470,Chinapotamon longlingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Chinapotamon,longlingense,,,,,"Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134471,Hypolobocera lloroensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,lloroensis,,,,,"Campos, 1989","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini, Subgenus Hypolobocera." 134472,Phricotelphusa deharvengi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,deharvengi,,,,,"Ng, 1988", 134473,Neostrengeria appressa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,appressa,,,,,"Campos, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134474,Indochinamon jianchuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,jianchuanense,,,,,"(Dai and Chen, 1985)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134475,Potamiscus tumidulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,tumidulum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134476,Terrathelphusa ovis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Terrathelphusa,ovis,,,,,"Ng, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134477,Setosamon ubon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Setosamon,ubon,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Setosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134478,Sinopotamon cochlearidigitum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,cochlearidigitum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang & Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134479,Odontothelphusa toninae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Odontothelphusa,toninae,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1991",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134481,Potamiscus annandalii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,annandalii,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134482,Potamon ruttneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,ruttneri,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1962",Subfamily Potaminae. 134483,Mekhongthelphusa tetragona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mekhongthelphusa,tetragona,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134484,Geothelphusa shernshan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,shernshan,,,,,"Chen, Cheng and Shy, 2005",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134485,Neostrengeria guenteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,guenteri,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1965)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134486,Potamonautes bipartitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,bipartitus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1898)",Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Arcopotamonautes) bipartitus. Cumberlidge (1998) treated this species as Potamonautes bipartitus. 134487,Geothelphusa exigua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,exigua,,,,,"Suzuki & Tsuda, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134488,Vela virupa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vela,virupa,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134489,Ptychophallus barbillaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,barbillaensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Hedstrom, 2000",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134490,Demanietta lansak,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,lansak,,,,,"Yeo, Naiyanetr & Ng, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134491,Dromothelphusa longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Dromothelphusa,longipes,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1869)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134492,Potamon rhodium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,rhodium,,,,,"Parisi, 1913","Subfamily Potaminae. Pretzmann (1962, 1983, 1986) recognised four subpopulations for this species (as subspecies and nations), mainly for populations that inhabit islands. This taxon was most recently revised as Potamon (Potamon) rhodium by Brandis et al. (2000) and it is treated here as Potamon rhodium." 134493,Hypolobocera murindensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,murindensis,,,,,"Campos, 2003",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134494,Geothelphusa kumejima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,kumejima,,,,,"Naruse, Shokita and Ng, 2006", 134495,Strengeriana villaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,villaensis,,,,,"Campos & Pedraza, 2006",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134496,Pseudothelphusa morelosis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,morelosis,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. This species was formerly treated as the subspecies Pseudothelphusa dilatata morelosis Pretzmann, 1968." 134497,Sundathelphusa philippina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,philippina,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1868)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134498,Sinopotamon linhuaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,linhuaense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134499,Siamthelphusa holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,holthuisi,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Ng, 1991","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134500,Johora punicea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,punicea,,,,,"(Ng, 1985)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134501,Geothelphusa cinerea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,cinerea,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134502,Parathelphusa pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,pulcherrima,,,,,"(de Man, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134503,Sinopotamon quadratapodum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,quadratapodum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang and Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134504,Parathelphusa possoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,possoensis,,,,,"(Roux, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134505,Parathelphusa lombokensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,lombokensis,,,,,"Bott, 1970","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134506,Sundathelphusa aspera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,aspera,,,,,"Ng & Stuebing, 1989",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134507,Socotrapotamon socotrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Socotrapotamon,socotrensis,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1883)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134508,Tiwaripotamon edostilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tiwaripotamon,edostilus,,,,,"Ng & Yeo, 2001",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134509,Snaha aruna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Snaha,aruna,,,,," Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134510,Somanniathelphusa triangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,triangularis,,,,,"Dang & Hai, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134511,Lindacatalina hauserae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lindacatalina,hauserae,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1977)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134512,Parathelphusa undulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,undulata,,,,,"(Chia & Ng, 1998)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134513,Pseudothelphusa parabelliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,parabelliana,,,,,"Alvarez, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134514,Baratha pushta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Baratha,pushta,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134515,Mekhongthelphusa neisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mekhongthelphusa,neisi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was originally assigned to Potamon (Parathelphusa) by Rathbun (1902). It was included in Mekongthelphusa Nayanetr, 1984 by Yeo et al. (2007).

This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134516,Cerberusa tipula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Cerberusa,tipula,,,,,"Holthuis, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134517,Thelphusula tawauensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,tawauensis,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 1998",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134518,Ptychophallus kuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,kuna,,,,,"(Campos & Lemaitre, 1999)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134519,Phricotelphusa carinifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,carinifera,,,,,"(De Man, 1887)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134520,Lamella lamellifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Lamella,lamellifrons,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904. Lamella was established as a monotypic genus for Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) lamellifrons Alcock, 1909, and is morphologically most similar to Barytelphusa Alcock, 1909, in overall physiognomy and G2 structure." 134521,Geothelphusa shokitai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,shokitai,,,,,"Shy & Ng, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134523,Johora thaiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,thaiana,,,,,"Leelawathanagoon, Lheknim & Ng, 2005",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134524,Geothelphusa lutao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,lutao,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134525,Sinopotamon yichangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,yichangense,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134526,Aparapotamon protinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,protinum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134527,Acanthopotamon panningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Acanthopotamon,panningi,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134528,Sinopotamon tinghsiangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,tinghsiangense,,,,,"Bott, 1967",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134529,Geothelphusa olea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,olea,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134530,Potamocarcinus magnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,magnus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1895)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134531,Potamon hueceste,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,hueceste,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1962","Subfamily Potaminae. Pretzmann (1983) recognised two subpopulations for this species (as Potamon (Centropotamon) hueceste hueceste, which he called nations). This species was revised to Potamon (Centropotamon) hueceste by Brandis et al. (2000) and is treated here as Potamon hueceste." 134532,Rodriguezus trujillensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Rodriguezus,trujillensis,,,,,"(Rodriguez, 1967)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. This species was formerly assigned to the genus Eudaniela. 134533,Somanniathelphusa dangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,dangi,,,,,"Yeo & Quynh, 1999","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134534,Indochinamon chinghungense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,chinghungense,,,,,"(Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134535,Potamonautes jeanneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,jeanneli,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1921)","Bott (1955) treated P. (G.) jeanneli as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) granviki (Colosi, 1924) from western Kenya and Uganda." 134536,Martiana clausa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Martiana,clausa,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1915)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusa; tribe Strengerianini. 134537,Sundathelphusa aruana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,aruana,,,,,"(Roux, 1911)",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134538,Potamonautes rothschildi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,rothschildi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1909)","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Arcopotamonautes) suprasulcatus suprasulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1898). It is listed here as the valid species Potamonautes rothschildi." 134539,Potamonautes acristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,acristatus,,,,,"Bott, 1955",Bott (1955) described this taxon as Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) ballayi acristatus. This taxon is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes acristatus. 134540,Pupamon sangwan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pupamon,sangwan,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1997)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Pupamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134541,Sinopotamon chalingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,chalingense,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134542,Potamonautes alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,alluaudi,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1921)",Bott (1955) described this taxon as Potamonautes (Arcopotamonautes) alluaudi. This taxon is recognised here as Potamonautes alluaudi. 134543,Tehuana poglayenorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,poglayenorum,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1978)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134544,Doimon doichiangdao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Doimon,doichiangdao,,,,,"(Naiyanetr & Ng, 1990)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Doimon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134545,Hypolobocera konstanzae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,konstanzae,,,,,"Rodriguez & von Sternberg, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134546,Quadramon aborense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Quadramon,aborense,,,,,"(Kemp, 1913)", 134547,Pupamon lao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pupamon,lao,,,,,"(Yeo & Naiyanetr, 1999)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Pupamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134548,Valdivia cururuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Valdivia,cururuensis,,,,,"Bott, 1969",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134549,Malayopotamon turgeo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,turgeo,,,,,"Ng and Tan, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134550,Geothelphusa marginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,marginata,,,,,"Naruse, Shokita and Shy, 2004",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134551,Huananpotamon ruijinense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,ruijinense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134552,Lobothelphusa calva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Lobothelphusa,calva,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134553,Globitelphusa cylindra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Globitelphusa,cylindra,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Bott (1970) included this species in the genus Liotelphusa, in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the genus Globitelphusa, subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134554,Potamon bilobatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,bilobatum,,,,,"Brandis, Storch & Turkay, 2000","Subfamily Potaminae. This taxon was treated as Potamon (Pontipotamon) bilobatum by Brandis, Storch and Türkay (2000). It is treated here as Potamon bilobatum." 134555,Sinopotamon bilobatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,bilobatum,,,,,"Dai & Jiang, 1991",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134556,Takpotamon galyaniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Takpotamon,galyaniae,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 2001)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134557,Potamonautes loashiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,loashiensis,,,,,"Bott, 1955",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) loashiensis. This taxon is referred to here as Potamonautes loashiensis. 134558,Sundathelphusa montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,montana,,,,,"(Buerger, 1894)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134559,Stelomon tharnlod,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stelomon,tharnlod,,,,,"Yeo & Naiyanetr, 2000",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134560,Hypolobocera rathbuni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,rathbuni,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134561,Indochinamon hispidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,hispidum,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134562,Eosamon phuphanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,phuphanense,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1992)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134563,Thelphusula styx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,styx,,,,,"Ng, 1989",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134564,Yarepotamon breviflagellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Yarepotamon,breviflagellum,,,,,"Dai & Tuerkay, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134565,Chaceus motiloni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,motiloni,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134566,Strengeriana maniformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,maniformis,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1993",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134567,Sinopotamon ningganense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,ningganense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134568,Eosamon tengchonense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,tengchonense,,,,,"(Dai and Chen, 1985)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134569,Potamiscus loshingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,loshingense,,,,,"(Wu, 1934)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134570,Neostrengeria monterrodendoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,monterrodendoensis,,,,,"Bott, 1967",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134571,Thelphusula dicerophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,dicerophilus,,,,,"Ng & Stuebing, 1990",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134572,Somanniathelphusa grayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,grayi,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134573,Thaipotamon siamense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaipotamon,siamense,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1869",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134574,Heterochelamon guangxiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Heterochelamon,guangxiense,,,,,"Tuerkay & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134575,Dilocarcinus truncatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Dilocarcinus,truncatus,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1992",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134576,Terrathelphusa loxophthalma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Terrathelphusa,loxophthalma,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134578,Rodriguezia mensabak,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Rodriguezia,mensabak,,,,,"Cottarelii & Argano, 1977",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134579,Vanni giri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vanni,giri,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134580,Ibanum bicristatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ibanum,bicristatum,,,,,"(De Man, 1899)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134581,Heterothelphusa insolita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Heterothelphusa,insolita,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 1986","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134582,Phricotelphusa aedes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,aedes,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134583,Johora murphyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,murphyi,,,,,"Ng, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134584,Himalayapotamon ambivium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,ambivium,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134585,Sinopotamon loudiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,loudiense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134586,Parathelphusa tridentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,tridentata,,,,,"H. Milne Edwards, 1853","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134587,Siamthelphusa variegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,variegata,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134588,Balssiathelphusa cursor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Balssiathelphusa,cursor,,,,,"Ng, 1986","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134589,Poppiana bulbifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Poppiana,bulbifer,,,,,"(Rodriguez, 1992)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134590,Demanietta merguensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,merguensis,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134591,Vanni malabarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vanni,malabarica,,,,,"(Henderson, 1912)",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Henderson (1812) described Vanni malabarica [as a Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa)] based on specimens from the Cochin State Forests in Kerala. 134592,Arachnothelphusa rhadamanthysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Arachnothelphusa,rhadamanthysi,,,,,"Ng & Goh, 1987","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134593,Isolapotamon ingeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,ingeri,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134594,Potamocarcinus vulcanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,vulcanensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 2001",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134595,Guinotia dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Guinotia,dentata,,,,,"(Latreille, 1825)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134596,Tenuipotamon tonghaiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuipotamon,tonghaiense,,,,,"Chen, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134597,Nanhaipotamon hongkongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,hongkongense,,,,,"(Shen, 1940)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134598,Travancoriana schirnerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Travancoriana,schirnerae,,,,,"Bott, 1969",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134600,Geelvinkia ambaiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Geelvinkia,ambaiana,,,,,"Bott, 1974","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134601,Sundathelphusa celer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,celer,,,,,"(Ng, 1991)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134602,Sundathelphusa grapsoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,grapsoides,,,,,"(H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134603,Oziothelphusa wagrakarowensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,wagrakarowensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134604,Indochinamon prolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,prolatum,,,,,"(Brandis, 2000)", 134605,Pseudothelphusa mexicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,mexicana,,,,,"Alvarez, 1987",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134606,Shanphusa browneana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Shanphusa,browneana,,,,,"(Kemp, 1918)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Shanphusa by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134607,Hypolobocera chocoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,chocoensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134608,Tehuana complanata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,complanata,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134609,Isolapotamon mindanaoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,mindanaoense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134610,Sinopotamon anyuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,anyuanense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134611,Thaipotamon smitinandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaipotamon,smitinandi,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Turkay, 1984",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134612,Sinopotamon introdigitum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,introdigitum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang and Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134613,Phricotelphusa gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,gracilipes,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 1987", 134614,Terrapotamon abbotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Terrapotamon,abbotti,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134615,Potamocarcinus lobulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,lobulatus,,,,,"Campos & Lemaitre, 2002",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134616,Sayamia melanodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sayamia,melanodactylus,,,,,"Ng, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134617,Hypolobocera alata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,alata,,,,,"Campos, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134618,Somanniathelphusa nanningensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,nanningensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134619,Doimon maehongsonense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Doimon,maehongsonense,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1992)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Doimon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134621,Sundathelphusa wolterecki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,wolterecki,,,,,"(Balss, 1937)",Bott (1970) included this species in Archipelothelphusa. 134622,Hypolobocera bouvieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,bouvieri,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1915)","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini.

Four subspecies are included in this species: Hypolobocera bouvieri bouvieri (Rathbun, 1898) [Pseudothelphusa]; Hypolobocera bouvieri angulata (Rathbun, 1915) [Pseudothelphusa]; Hypolobocera bouvieri monticola (Zimmer, 1912) [Pseudothelphusa]; and Hypolobocera bouvieri stenolobata Rodriguez, 1980." 134623,Isolapotamon consobrinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,consobrinum,,,,,"(De Man, 1899)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134624,Geelvinkia holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Geelvinkia,holthuisi,,,,,"Bott, 1974","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134625,Isolapotamon nimboni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,nimboni,,,,,"Ng, 1987",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134626,Fredius denticulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,denticulatus,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1853)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134627,Somanniathelphusa linchuanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,linchuanensis,,,,,"Dai, Peng & Zhou, 1994",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134628,Fredilocarcinus musmuschiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Fredilocarcinus,musmuschiae,,,,,"Pretzmann & Mayta, 1980",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134629,Heterochelamon purpureomanualis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Heterochelamon,purpureomanualis,,,,,"(Wu, 1934)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134630,Trichodactylus faxoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,faxoni,,,,,"Rathbun, 1905",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134631,Kingsleya ytupora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Kingsleya,ytupora,,,,,"Magalhaes, 1986",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134633,Trichopotamon daliense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Trichopotamon,daliense,,,,,"Dai and Chen, 1984",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134634,Terrathelphusa telur,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Terrathelphusa,telur,,,,,"Ng, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134635,Sinopotamon teritisum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,teritisum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang & Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134636,Mindoron pala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Mindoron,pala,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134637,Typhlopseudothelphusa mocinoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Typhlopseudothelphusa,mocinoi,,,,,"Rioja, 1952",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134639,Laevimon kottelati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Laevimon,kottelati,,,,,"Yeo and Ng, 2005",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 13464,Microtus tatricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,tatricus,,,,,"Kratochvíl, 1952",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 134641,Odontothelphusa lacanjaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Odontothelphusa,lacanjaensis,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1991",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini; subgenus Elsalvadoria. 134642,Paratelphusula burmensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Paratelphusula,burmensis,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",This species was formerly assigned to the genus Lobothelphusa. Subfamily Potaminae. 134643,Irmengardia didacta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Irmengardia,didacta,,,,,"Ng and Tan, 1991","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134644,Esanthelphusa dugasti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,dugasti,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134645,Sinopotamon kwanhsienense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,kwanhsienense,,,,,"Tai & Sung, 1975",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134646,Travancoriana napaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Travancoriana,napaea,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. 134647,Himalayapotamon bifarium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,bifarium,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134648,Neostrengeria perijaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,perijaensis,,,,,"Campos & Lemaitre, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134649,Tenuipotamon huaningense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuipotamon,huaningense,,,,,"Dai and Bo, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134650,Sinopotamon taoyuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,taoyuanense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134651,Bottiella niceforei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Bottiella,niceforei,,,,,"Schmitt & Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134653,Sinopotamon emeiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,emeiense,,,,,"Dai, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134654,Ptychophallus tristani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,tristani,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1896)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134655,Hypolobocera lamercedes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,lamercedes,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1978","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypobolocerini. Along with the nominate, there is one other subspecies: Hypolobocera lamercedes maytai Pretzmann, 1978 [Hypolobocera (Lindacatalina)]." 134656,Potamonemus asylos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonemus,asylos,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1993","This species was described by Cumberlidge (1993, 1999)." 134657,Strengeriana chaparralensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,chaparralensis,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1984",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134658,Raddaus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Raddaus,tuberculatus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1897)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134659,Candidiopotamon rathbunae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Candidiopotamon,rathbunae,,,,,"(De Man, 1914)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134660,Quadramon mooleyitensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Quadramon,mooleyitensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Quadramon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134661,Doimon doisutep,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Doimon,doisutep,,,,,"(Naiyanetr & Ng, 1990)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Doimon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134662,Nanhaipotamon huaanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,huaanense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134663,Isolapotamon spatha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,spatha,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134664,Allopotamon tambelanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Allopotamon,tambelanense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134665,Quadramon obliteratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Quadramon,obliteratum,,,,,"(Kemp, 1913)", 134666,Sendleria salomonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sendleria,salomonis,,,,,"(Roux, 1934)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134667,Acartiapotamon inflatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Acartiapotamon,inflatum,,,,,"(Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang & Hu, 1985)","Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang and Hu (1985) assigned this species as Tenuilapotamon. Subfamily Potamiscinae." 134669,Hypolobocera delsolari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,delsolari,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1978",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134670,Nanhaipotamon dongyinense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,dongyinense,,,,,"Shih, Chen and Wang, 2005",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134671,Currothelphusa asserpes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Currothelphusa,asserpes,,,,,"Ng, 1990","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134672,Sinopotamon wanzaiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,wanzaiense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134673,Rodriguezus ranchograndensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Rodriguezus,ranchograndensis,,,,,"(Rodriguez, 1966)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. This species was formerly assigned to the genus Eudaniela. 134674,Potamonautes adentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,adentatus,,,,,"Bott, 1955","Bott (1955) described this taxon as Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) ballayi adentatus. This taxon is recognized here as the valid species Potamonautes adentatus." 134675,Sylviocarcinus piriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Sylviocarcinus,piriformis,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134676,Heterochelamon yangshuoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Heterochelamon,yangshuoense,,,,,"Dai and Tuerkay, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134677,Geothelphusa chiui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,chiui,,,,,"Minei, 1973", 134678,Tiwaripotamon araneum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tiwaripotamon,araneum,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134679,Geothelphusa bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,bicolor,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134680,Spirothelphusa verticalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Spirothelphusa,verticalis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1893)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134681,Potamon ibericum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,ibericum,,,,,"(Bieberstein, 1808)","Subfamily Potaminae. Pretzmann (1983) recognised three subpopulations for this species (as Potamon (Pontipotamon) ibericum tauricum, which he called nations), mainly for populations that inhabit islands. The subspecies Potamon ibericum meandris Pretzmann, 1963 and Potamon albanicum Starobogatov and Vassilenko (1979) were also not recognised by Brandis et al. (2000). This species was revised to Potamon (Pontipotamon) ibericum by Brandis et al. (2000) and is treated here as Potamon ibericum." 134682,Parathelphusa convexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,convexa,,,,,"De Man, 1879","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134683,Bottiella cucutensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Bottiella,cucutensis,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134684,Geothelphusa dolichopodes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,dolichopodes,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134685,Kingsleya siolii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Kingsleya,siolii,,,,,"Bott, 1967",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134686,Neostrengeria lasallei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,lasallei,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134687,Indochinamon beieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,beieri,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1966)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134688,Sinopotamon hanyangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,hanyangense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134689,Thelphusula granosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,granosa,,,,,"Holthuis, 1979",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134690,Sinopotamon changanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,changanense,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134691,Somanniathelphusa megachela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,megachela,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134692,Flabellamon kuehnelti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Flabellamon,kuehnelti,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1963)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134693,Phricotelphusa elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,elegans,,,,,"(De Man, 1898)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134694,Thelphusula baramensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,baramensis,,,,,"(De Man, 1902)",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134695,Parathelphusa lokaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,lokaensis,,,,,"De Man, 1892","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134696,Pseudothelphusa nayaritae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,nayaritae,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1994",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134697,Huananpotamon obtusum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,obtusum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134698,Sinopotamon yonganense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,yonganense,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134699,Gubernatoriana gubernatoris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Gubernatoriana,gubernatoris,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134700,Eudaniela pestai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Eudaniela,pestai,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1965)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134701,Liotelphusa quadrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Liotelphusa,quadrata,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134702,Austrothelphusa raceki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,raceki,,,,,"(Bishop, 1963)","Bott (1969) included this species in Holthuisana (Austrothelphusa). This species formerly was included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134703,Pseudothelphusa leiophrys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,leiophrys,,,,,"Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134704,Sinopotamon ebianense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,ebianense,,,,,"Huang, Luo & Liu, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134705,Balssiathelphusa sucki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Balssiathelphusa,sucki,,,,,"(Balss, 1937)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134706,Poppiana argentiniana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Poppiana,argentiniana,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1906)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134707,Niasathelphusa wirzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Niasathelphusa,wirzi,,,,,"(Roux, 1930)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134708,Stoliczia cognata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,cognata,,,,,"(Roux, 1936)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134709,Ryukyum yaeyamense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ryukyum,yaeyamense,,,,,"(Minei, 1973)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134710,Kingsleya gustavoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Kingsleya,gustavoi,,,,,"Magalhaes, 2005",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134711,Pilosamon laosense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pilosamon,laosense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134712,Potamonautes stanleyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,stanleyensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1921)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Lobopotamonautes) stanleyensis. It is listed here as Potamonautes stanleyensis. 134713,Potamonautes principe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,principe,,,,,"Cumberlidge, Clark & Baillie, 2002",This species was recently described in 2002 and little is known of its biology. 134714,Sinopotamon styxum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,styxum,,,,," Dai, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134715,Parathelphusa celebensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,celebensis,,,,,"De Man, 1892","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134716,Dalatomon loxophrys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Dalatomon,loxophrys,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Kempamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134717,Potamonautes congoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,congoensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1921)",Bott (1955) treated this species as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Lobopotamonautes) aloysiisabaudiae. It is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes congoensis. 134718,Parathelphusa batamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,batamensis,,,,,"Ng, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134719,Avotrichodactylus constrictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Avotrichodactylus,constrictus,,,,,"Pearse, 1911",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134720,Sinopotamon depressum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,depressum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Song, Fan, Lin and Zeng, 1979","Subfamily Potamiscinae. Three susbspecies are included in this species: Sinopotamon depressum depressum Dai, Chen, Song, Fan, Lin and Zeng, 1979; Sinopotamon depressum shangchengense Dai, 1999; and Sinopotamon depressum tongshanense Dai, 1999." 134721,Epilobocera capolongoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Epilobocera,capolongoi,,,,,"Pretzmann, 2000",Subfamily Epilobocerinae. 134722,Sundathelphusa halmaherensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,halmaherensis,,,,,"(De Man, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134723,Potamiscus yunnanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,yunnanense,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)", 134724,Aparapotamon muliense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,muliense,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Liu, Luo, Yi, Liu, Gu and Liu, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134725,Parathelphusa oxygona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,oxygona,,,,,"Nobili, 1901","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134726,Odontothelphusa monodontis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Odontothelphusa,monodontis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Hobbs, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134727,Neostrengeria tonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,tonensis,,,,,"Campos, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134728,Sinopotamon xiangtanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,xiangtanense,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134729,Parathelphusa shelfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,shelfordi,,,,,"Nobili, 1901","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134730,Geothelphusa hirsuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,hirsuta,,,,,"Tan & Liu, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134732,Somanniathelphusa huaanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,huaanensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134733,Parvuspotamon yuxiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Parvuspotamon,yuxiense,,,,,"Dai and Bo, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134734,Eosamon smithianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,smithianum,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134735,Hypolobocera canaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,canaensis,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae, Subgenus Hypolobocera; tribe Hypolobocerini." 134736,Siamthelphusa transversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Siamthelphusa,transversa,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134737,Pudaengon inornatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,inornatum,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134738,Ptychophallus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,montanus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134739,Isolapotamon collinsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,collinsi,,,,,"Holthuis, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134740,Himalayapotamon atkinsonianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,atkinsonianum,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134741,Pudaengon khammouan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,khammouan,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134742,Raddaus bocourti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Raddaus,bocourti,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1866)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134743,Vanni pusilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Vanni,pusilla,,,,,"(Roux, 1931)","Roux (1931) described Vanni pusilla [as a Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa)] based on two male and four female specimens. Bott (1970b) subsequently re-described and illustrated the species, assigning it to Gubernatoriana Bott, 1969. The opinion of Bahir and Yeo, 2007 is followed here." 134744,Hainanpotamon directum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,directum,,,,,"Yeo and Naruse, 2007", 134745,Alcomon lophocarpus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Alcomon,lophocarpus,,,,,"(Kemp, 1913)","Subfamily Potaminae. This species (and Potamon superciliosum Kemp, 1913) are both now assigned to the genus Alcomon Yeo & Ng, 2007." 134746,Neilupotamon xinganense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neilupotamon,xinganense,,,,,"Dai & Tuerkay, 1997", 134747,Aparapotamon emineoforaminum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,emineoforaminum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134749,Potamiscus cangyuanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,cangyuanensis,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134750,Stoliczia changmanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,changmanae,,,,,"Ng, 1988",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134751,Geothelphusa nanao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,nanao,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134752,Thaksinthelphusa yongchindaratae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thaksinthelphusa,yongchindaratae,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1988)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904" 134753,Somanniathelphusa qiongshanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,qiongshanensis,,,,,"Dai and Xing, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134755,Beccumon alcockianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Beccumon,alcockianum,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Beccumon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134756,Tenuilapotamon inflexum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuilapotamon,inflexum,,,,,"Dai, Song, Li, Chen, Wang & Hu, 1984",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134757,Amamiku occulta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Amamiku,occulta,,,,,"Naruse, Saegawa & Aotsuka, 2010",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134758,Neostrengeria macarenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,macarenae,,,,,"Campos, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134759,Louisea balssi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Louisea,balssi,,,,,"Bott, 1959","Bott (1959) described this taxon as Globonautes balssi, and later as Globonautes macropus balssi. This species was revised by Cumberlidge (1994, 1998, 1999) as Louisea balssi." 134760,Nemoron nomas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nemoron,nomas,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134761,Indochinamon tritum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,tritum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134763,Stoliczia chaseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,chaseni,,,,,"(Roux, 1934)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134764,Fredius stenolobus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,stenolobus,,,,,"Rodriguez & Suarez, 1994",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134765,Potamonautes semilunaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,semilunaris,,,,,"Bott, 1955",This species was treated by Bott (1955) as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) emini semilunaris. This taxon is listed here as the valid species Potamonautes semilunaris. 134766,Sendleria gloriosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sendleria,gloriosa,,,,,"(Balss, 1923)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134767,Stygothelphusa bidiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Stygothelphusa,bidiensis,,,,,"(Lanchester, 1900)",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134769,Strengeriana huilensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,huilensis,,,,,"(Rodriguez & Campos, 1989)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134770,Travancoriana charu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Travancoriana,charu,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134771,Sinopotamon jiangkuoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,jiangkuoense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134772,Sundathelphusa tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,tenebrosa,,,,,"Holthuis, 1979","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134773,Hainanpotamon orientale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,orientale,,,,,"(Parisi, 1916)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134774,Somanniathelphusa amoyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,amoyensis,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134775,Microthelphusa sucreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,sucreensis,,,,,"Rodriguez and Campos, 2000",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134776,Sinopotamon shaoyangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,shaoyangense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134777,Pseudothelphusa rechingeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,rechingeri,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1965",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134778,Microthelphusa odaelkae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,odaelkae,,,,,"(Bott, 1970)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134779,Pseudothelphusa peyotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,peyotensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134780,Inglethelphusa fronto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Inglethelphusa,fronto,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134781,Acanthopotamon fungosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Acanthopotamon,fungosum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134782,Sinopotamon nanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,nanum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Liu, Luo, Yi, Liu, Gu and Liu, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134783,Pseudothelphusa terrestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,terrestris,,,,,"Rathbun, 1893",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134784,Sinopotamon yangtsekiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,yangtsekiense,,,,,"Bott, 1967","Subfamily Potamiscinae. Three subspecies are included in this species: Sinopotamon yangsekiense yangsekiense Bott, 1967; Sinopotamon yangtsekiense tongbaiense Dai and Chen, 1981; and Sinopotamon yangtsekiense shanxianense Dai and Chen, 1981." 134785,Chaceus pearsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,pearsei,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1915)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134786,Stoliczia tweedei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,tweedei,,,,,"(Roux, 1934)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134787,Neostrengeria charalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,charalensis,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1985",Subfamily Pseudothelphusidae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134788,Sinopotamon yueyangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,yueyangense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134789,Sylviocarcinus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Sylviocarcinus,australis,,,,,"Magalhaes & Turkay, 1996",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134790,Sayamia bangkokensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sayamia,bangkokensis,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1982)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134791,Ptychophallus osaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,osaensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 2001",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134792,Tenuipotamon baishuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuipotamon,baishuiense,,,,,"Chen, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134793,Geothelphusa wutai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,wutai,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134794,Pupamon phrae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pupamon,phrae,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1984)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Pupamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134795,Hypolobocera gorgonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,gorgonensis,,,,,"Von Prahl, 1983","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini, Subgenus Hypolobocera." 134796,Sinopotamon weiyuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,weiyuanense,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang and Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134797,Somanniathelphusa pax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,pax,,,,,"Ng & Kosuge, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134799,Nanhaipotamon nanriense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,nanriense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134800,Malayopotamon granulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,granulatum,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134801,Lobothelphusa woodmasoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Lobothelphusa,woodmasoni,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134802,Thelphusula luidana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Thelphusula,luidana,,,,,"(Chace, 1938)",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae. 134803,Candidiopotamon okinawense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Candidiopotamon,okinawense,,,,,"Minei, 1973", 134804,Sinopotamon yushanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,yushanense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134805,Sinopotamon xiuningense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,xiuningense,,,,,"Dai, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134806,Sinopotamon xiangxiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,xiangxiense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134807,Liotelphusa laevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Liotelphusa,laevis,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904. Alcock (1909) spells the species name ""levis""." 134808,Fredius platyacanthus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,platyacanthus,,,,,"Rodriguez & Pereira, 1992",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134809,Eidocamptophallus chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Eidocamptophallus,chacei,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1967)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134810,Geothelphusa dehaani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,dehaani,,,,,"(White, 1847)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134811,Rouxana papuana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Rouxana,papuana,,,,,"(Nobili, 1899)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134812,Potamon strouhali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,strouhali,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1962",Subfamily Potaminae. 134813,Esanthelphusa denchaii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,denchaii,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1987)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134814,Geothelphusa marmorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,marmorata,,,,,"Suzuki & Okano, 2000",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134815,Geothelphusa yangminshan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,yangminshan,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134816,Neostrengeria boyacensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,boyacensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134817,Terrathelphusa chilensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Terrathelphusa,chilensis,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)","This species was treated as Terrathelphusa modesta (De Man, 1892) by Bott (1970)." 134818,Sundathelphusa leschenaultii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,leschenaultii,,,,,"(Bürger, 1894)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134819,Geothelphusa iheya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,iheya,,,,,"Naruse, Shokita and Ng, 2006",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134820,Epilobocera cubensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Epilobocera,cubensis,,,,,"Stimpson, 1860","Subfamily Epilobocerinae. Two subspecies have been recognised for this species: Epilobocera cubensis cubensis (with seven synonyms) and Epilobocera cubensis gilmani (Smith, 1870) (with five synonyms). This taxonomic arrangement has been suggested by Celio Magalhaes and is based on an ongoing study of this genus with Christoph Schubart and Capolongo." 134821,Potamocarcinus leptomelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,leptomelus,,,,,"Rodriguez & Hobbs, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134822,Phricotelphusa ranongi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,ranongi,,,,,"Naiyanetr, 1982", 134823,Pudaengon hinpoon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,hinpoon,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134824,Sartoriana rokitanskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sartoriana,rokitanskyi,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1982)","Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae, but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134825,Barythelphusa guerini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Barythelphusa,guerini,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1853)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134827,Fredius beccarii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,beccarii,,,,,"(Coifmann, 1939)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134828,Typhlopseudothelphusa hyba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Typhlopseudothelphusa,hyba,,,,,"Rodriguez & Hobbs, 1989",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134829,Johora tiomanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,tiomanensis,,,,,"(Ng & Tan, 1984)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134830,Potamocarcinus richmondi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,richmondi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1893)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134831,Neopseudothelphusa fossor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neopseudothelphusa,fossor,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134832,Liotelphusa gagei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Liotelphusa,gagei,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134833,Hypolobocera buenaventurensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,buenaventurensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134834,Globitelphusa planifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Globitelphusa,planifrons,,,,,"(Buerger, 1894)","Bott (1970) included this species in the genus Liotelphusa, in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the genus Globitelphusa, subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134835,Sinopotamon decrescentum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,decrescentum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang and Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134836,Tehuana guerreroensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,guerreroensis,,,,,"Rathbun, 1933",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134837,Ptychophallus goldmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,goldmanni,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1965",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134838,Holthuisana alba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,alba,,,,,"Holthuis, 1980","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134839,Neostrengeria niceforoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,niceforoi,,,,,"(Schmitt, 1969)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134840,Sinopotamon koatenense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,koatenense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134841,Parapotamon hsingyiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Parapotamon,hsingyiense,,,,,"Tai & Sung, 1975",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134842,Huananpotamon ramipodum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,ramipodum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1987",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134843,Aparapotamon inflomanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,inflomanum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134844,Yarepotamon gracillipa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Yarepotamon,gracillipa,,,,,"Dai, Song, Li & Liang, 1980",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134845,Hypolobocera andagoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,andagoensis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1965)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134847,Geothelphusa minei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,minei,,,,,"Shy & Ng, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134848,Oziothelphusa aurantia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,aurantia,,,,,"(Herbst, 1799)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134849,Hypolobocera ucayalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,ucayalensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Suarez, 2004",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134850,Sayamia germaini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sayamia,germaini,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134851,Potamiscus motuoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,motuoense,,,,,"Dai, 1990", 134852,Parathelphusa malaysiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,malaysiana,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134853,Tehuana veracruzana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Tehuana,veracruzana,,,,,"Rodriguez & Smalley, 1969",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134854,Johora grallator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,grallator,,,,,"Ng, 1988",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134855,Yarepotamon aflagellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Yarepotamon,aflagellum,,,,,"(Dai, Song, Li & Liang, 1980)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134856,Pudaengon arnamicai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,arnamicai,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134857,Potamiscus yongshengense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,yongshengense,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1985", 134858,Malayopotamon batak,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,batak,,,,,"Ng & Worwor, 1991",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134859,Pararanguna semilunatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pararanguna,semilunatum,,,,,"(Dai and Chen, 1984)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134860,Indochinamon cua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,cua,,,,,"(Yeo & Ng, 1998)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134861,Phricotelphusa hockpingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,hockpingi,,,,,"Ng, 1986", 134862,Indochinamon daweishanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,daweishanense,,,,,"(Dai, 1995)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134863,Hypolobocera chilensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,chilensis,,,,,"(H. Milne-Edwards & Lucas, 1844)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134864,Ptychophallus tumimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,tumimanus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini.
Two subspecies are included in this species: Ptychophallus tumimanus tumimanus (Rathbun, 1898) [Pseudothelphusa]; and Ptychophallus tumimanus ingae Pretzmann, 1978." 134865,Elsalvadoria tomhaasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Elsalvadoria,tomhaasi,,,,,"Bott, 1970",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134866,Parathelphusa valida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,valida,,,,,"Ng & Goh, 1987","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134867,Demanietta renongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,renongensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134868,Ptychophallus lavallensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,lavallensis,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1978",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134869,Sinopotamon liuyangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,liuyangense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134870,Stoliczia karenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,karenae,,,,,"Ng, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134871,Geothelphusa aramotoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,aramotoi,,,,,"Minei, 1973",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134873,Sinopotamon unaequum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,unaequum,,,,,"Dai & Jiang, 1991",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134874,Parathelphusa pareparensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,pareparensis,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134875,Rouxana plana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Rouxana,plana,,,,,"(Calman, 1914)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134876,Fredius chaffanjoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,chaffanjoni,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134877,Teretamon adiatretum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Teretamon,adiatretum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)", 134878,Parathelphusa sarawakensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,sarawakensis,,,,,"Ng, 1986","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134879,Holthuisana briggsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,briggsi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1926)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134880,Melocarcinus meekei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Melocarcinus,meekei,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134881,Pseudothelphusa lophophallus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,lophophallus,,,,,"Rodriguez and Smalley, 1969",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134882,Rodriguezus iturbei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Rodriguezus,iturbei,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1919)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. This species was formerly assigned to the genus Eudaniela. 134883,Hypolobocera cajambrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,cajambrensis,,,,,"Von Prahl, 1988",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134884,Somanniathelphusa longicaudus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,longicaudus,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Dai, 1997",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 134885,Avotrichodactylus oaxensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Avotrichodactylus,oaxensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1992",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 134886,Candidiopotamon guangdongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Candidiopotamon,guangdongense,,,,,"Dai, 1999", 134887,Strengeriana tolimensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,tolimensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & Diaz, 1981",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134888,Esanthelphusa nani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,nani,,,,,"Naiyanetr, 1984","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134890,Sinopotamon shensiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,shensiense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134891,Moreirocarcinus chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Moreirocarcinus,chacei,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134892,Zilchia zilchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Zilchia,zilchi,,,,,"(Bott, 1956)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. This species was formerly assigned to the genus Potamocarcinus. 134893,Potamiscus pealianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,pealianus,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134894,Geothelphusa candidiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,candidiensis,,,,,"Bott, 1967",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134895,Zilchiopsis collastinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Zilchiopsis,collastinensis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae 134896,Neotiwaripotamon whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neotiwaripotamon,whiteheadi,,,,,"(Parisi, 1916)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134897,Eosamon lushuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,lushuiense,,,,,"(Dai and Chen, 1985)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134898,Geothelphusa monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,monticola,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134899,Sinopotamon convexum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,convexum,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134900,Bakousa kenepai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Bakousa,kenepai,,,,,"(De Man, 1899)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134902,Geothelphusa levicervix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,levicervix,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134903,Potamonautes rodolphianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,rodolphianus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1909)","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Arcopotamonautes) suprasulcatus suprasulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1898). It is listed here as the valid species Potamonautes rodolphianus." 134904,Trichodactylus dentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,dentatus,,,,,"(Randall, 1839)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134905,Sendleria genuitei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sendleria,genuitei,,,,,"(Roux, 1911)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134906,Barythelphusa cunicularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Barythelphusa,cunicularis,,,,,"(Westwood, 1836)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134907,Qiangpotamon wulingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Qiangpotamon,wulingense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134908,Irmengardia pilosimana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Irmengardia,pilosimana,,,,,"(Roux, 1936)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134909,Ptychophallus paraxanthusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,paraxanthusi,,,,,"Bott, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134910,Orthothelphusa holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Orthothelphusa,holthuisi,,,,,"(Rodriguez, 1967)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134911,Sinopotamon kenliense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,kenliense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134912,Moritschus altaquerensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Moritschus,altaquerensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, Campos & Lopez, 2002",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134913,Kingsleya junki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Kingsleya,junki,,,,,"Magalhaes, 2003",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134914,Parathelphusa sorella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,sorella,,,,,"(Chia & Ng, 2006)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134915,Chinapotamon depressum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Chinapotamon,depressum,,,,,"Dai, Song, Li & Liang, 1980",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134916,Tenuipotamon purpura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Tenuipotamon,purpura,,,,,"Dai, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134917,Johora johorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,johorensis,,,,,"Roux, 1936",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134918,Potamonautes margaritarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,margaritarius,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1869)",Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) margaritarius. Cumberlidge (1998) treated this species as Potamonautes margaritarius. 134919,Huananpotamon planopodum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,planopodum,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1987",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134920,Geothelphusa albogilva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,albogilva,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134921,Sinopotamon huitongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,huitongense,,,,,"Dai, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134922,Austrothelphusa transversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,transversa,,,,,"(von Martens, 1869)","Bott (1969) included this species in Holthuisana (Austrothelphusa). This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134923,Sundathelphusa subquadratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,subquadratus,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1868)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134924,Geothelphusa caesia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,caesia,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134925,Parathelphusa saginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,saginata,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134926,Johora counsilmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,counsilmani,,,,,"(Ng, 1985)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134927,Coccusa adipis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Coccusa,adipis,,,,,"(Ng & Worwor, 1990)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134928,Sinopotamon denticulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,denticulatum,,,,,"(H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134929,Irmengardia johnsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Irmengardia,johnsoni,,,,,"Ng & Yang, 1985","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134930,Stoliczia kedahensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,kedahensis,,,,,"Ng, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134931,Guinothusa beauvoisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Guinothusa,beauvoisi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134932,Lobothelphusa crenulifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Lobothelphusa,crenulifera,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1875)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134933,Chinapotamon glabrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Chinapotamon,glabrum,,,,,"(Dai, Song, Li & Liang, 1980)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134934,Nanhaipotamon aculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,aculatum,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134935,Pudaengon thatphanom,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,thatphanom,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134936,Trichodactylus fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,fluviatilis,,,,,"Latreille, 1828",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. Some authors treat this taxon as a subspecies (T. f. fluviatilis). 134937,Sundathelphusa minahassae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,minahassae,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134938,Maydelliathelphusa harpax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Maydelliathelphusa,harpax,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134939,Sartoriana afghaniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sartoriana,afghaniensis,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1963)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134940,Geothelphusa grandiovata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,grandiovata,,,,,"Naruse, Shokita & Ng, 2006", 134941,Gecarcinucus jaquemontii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Gecarcinucus,jaquemontii,,,,,"H. Milne Edwards, 1844","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 134943,Poppiana dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Poppiana,dentata,,,,,"(Randall, 1918)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134944,Potamonautes ballayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,ballayi,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1886)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) ballayi ballayi. This species is considered here to be Potamonautes ballayi. Bott (1955) included two subspecies with this species: Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) ballayi adentatus Bott, 1955; and Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) ballayi acristatus Bott, 1955. These subspecies are not recognised here." 134945,Ptychophallus colombianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,colombianus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1893)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134946,Pseudothelphusa puntarenas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,puntarenas,,,,,"Hobbs, 1991",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134947,Eosamon tumidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,tumidum,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134948,Setosamon somchaii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Setosamon,somchaii,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Setosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134949,Sartoriana spinigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sartoriana,spinigera,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1871)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the family Parathelphusidae, but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134950,Lindacatalina brevipenis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Lindacatalina,brevipenis,,,,,"(Rodriguez & Diaz, 1981)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 134951,Sendleria gjellerupi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sendleria,gjellerupi,,,,,"(Roux, 1927)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134952,Austrothelphusa insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,insularis,,,,,"(Colosi, 1919)","Bott (1969) included this species in Holthuisana (Austrothelphusa). This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134953,Stoliczia panhai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stoliczia,panhai,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134954,Pupamon pealianoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pupamon,pealianoides,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Pupamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134955,Fredius estevisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,estevisi,,,,,"(Rodriguez, 1966)","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini.

There are two subspecies included in this sepcies: Fredius adpressus adpressus Rodriguez and Pereira, 1992; and Fredius adpressus piaroensis Rodriguez and Pereira, 1992." 134956,Salangathelphusa brevicarinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Salangathelphusa,brevicarinata,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1882)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134957,Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Spiralothelphusa,hydrodroma,,,,,"(Herbst, 1794)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134958,Sinopotamon planum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,planum,,,,,"Dai, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134960,Sinopotamon chishuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,chishuiense,,,,,"Dai, 1988",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134961,Thaipotamon varoonphornae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaipotamon,varoonphornae,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134962,Typhlopseudothelphusa juberthiei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Typhlopseudothelphusa,juberthiei,,,,,"Delamare Debouteville, 1976",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 134963,Trichopotamon xiangyunense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Trichopotamon,xiangyunense,,,,,"Naruse, Yeo & Zhou, 2008", 134964,Aparapotamon gracillipedum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,gracillipedum,,,,,"(Chen & Chang, 1982)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134965,Demanietta suanphung,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,suanphung,,,,,"Yeo, Naiyanetr & Ng, 1999",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134966,Somanniathelphusa falx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,falx,,,,,"Ng & Dudgeon, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134967,Donopotamon haii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Donopotamon,haii,,,,,"Dang & Hô, 2005",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134968,Beccumon namlang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Beccumon,namlang,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Beccumon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134969,Strengeriana casallasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,casallasi,,,,,"Campos, 1999",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 134970,Holthuisana vanheurni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,vanheurni,,,,,"(Roux, 1927)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134971,Esanthelphusa phetchaburi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Esanthelphusa,phetchaburi,,,,,"(Ng & Naiyanetr, 1993)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134973,Hainanpotamon auriculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,auriculatum,,,,,"Yeo and Naruse, 2007", 134974,Geithusa pulchra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Geithusa,pulchra,,,,,"Ng, 1989","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134975,Neostrengeria libradensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,libradensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini; subspecies libradensis. 134976,Goyazana castelnaui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Goyazana,castelnaui,,,,,"H. Milne Edwards, 1853",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 134977,Neopseudothelphusa simoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neopseudothelphusa,simoni,,,,,"(Rahtbun, 1905)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134978,Bakousa sarawakensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Bakousa,sarawakensis,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134979,Sinopotamon chekiangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,chekiangense,,,,,"Tai & Sung, 1975",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134980,Indochinamon manipurense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,manipurense,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134981,Parathelphusa ceophallus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,ceophallus,,,,,"Ng, 1993","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134982,Neolarnaudia phymatodes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Neolarnaudia,phymatodes,,,,,"(Kemp, 1923)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Neolarnaudnia by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134983,Pseudothelphusa americana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,americana,,,,,"de Saussure, 1857",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 134984,Potamiscus rongjingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,rongjingense,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Liu, Luo, Yi, Liu, Gu and Liu, 1990",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134985,Fredius adpressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,adpressus,,,,,"Rodriguez & Pereira, 1992","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini.

There ar two subspecies within this species: Fredius adpressus adpressus Rodriguez and Pereira, 1992 and Fredius adpressus piaroensis Rodriguez and Pereira, 1992." 134986,Parathelphusa sabari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,sabari,,,,,"Ng, 1986","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134987,Austrothelphusa wasselli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,wasselli,,,,,"(Bishop, 1963)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 134989,Potamiscus montosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamiscus,montosus,,,,,"Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134990,Pudaengon wanonniwat,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,wanonniwat,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134991,Sinopotamon fukienense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,fukienense,,,,,"Dai & Chen, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134992,Inlethelphusa acanthica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Inlethelphusa,acanthica,,,,,"(Kemp, 1918)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Inlethelphusa by Yeo & Ng (2007). 134993,Microthelphusa rodriguezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,rodriguezi,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 134994,Sundathelphusa longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,longipes,,,,,"(Balss, 1937)",Bott (1970) included this species in Archipelothelphusa. 134995,Zilchia aspoekorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Zilchia,aspoekorum,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. This species was formerly assigned ot the genus Potamocarcinus. 134996,Himalayapotamon babaulti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,babaulti,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1918)",Subfamily Potaminae. 134997,Pudaengon mukdahan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pudaengon,mukdahan,,,,,"Ng & Naiyanetr, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 134998,Sartoriana trilobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sartoriana,trilobata,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae, but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 134999,Pseudothelphusa doenitzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Pseudothelphusa,doenitzi,,,,,"Bott, 1968",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Pseudothelphusini. 135062,Trichopotamon sikkimensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Trichopotamon,sikkimensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135000,Gecarcinucus edwardsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Gecarcinucus,edwardsi,,,,,"Alcock, 1909","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 135063,Chinapotamon xingrenense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Chinapotamon,xingrenense,,,,,"Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135001,Demanietta manii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,manii,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135065,Sinopotamon lingxianense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,lingxianense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135002,Nanhaipotamon formosanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,formosanum,,,,,"(Parisi, 1916)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135064,Potamon magnum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,magnum,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1962","Subfamily Potaminae. This species was referred to as Potamon (Orientopotamon) magnum by Brandis et al. (2000), and it is treated here as Potamon magnum." 135003,Mindoron balssi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Mindoron,balssi,,,,,"(Bott, 1968)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135066,Travancoriana convexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Travancoriana,convexa,,,,,"(Roux, 1931)","Bott (1970b) synonymised Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) pollicaris convexa Roux, 1931, under Travancoriana pollicaris (Alcock, 1909) after examining types of P. (B.) pollicaris convexa but not of T. pollicaris. Bahir and Yeo (2007) re-examined types of both taxa and confirmed Roux’s (1931) supposition that they are distinct. Paratelphusa (B.) pollicaris convexa is thus here regarded as a distinct species of Travancoriana." 135004,Austrothelphusa agassizi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Austrothelphusa,agassizi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1905)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135067,Sundathelphusa cassiope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,cassiope,,,,,"(De Man, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135005,Ibanum aethes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ibanum,aethes,,,,,"Ng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135078,Vietopotamon aluoiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Vietopotamon,aluoiense,,,,,"Dang & Hô, 2002",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135006,Lophopotamon yenyuanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Lophopotamon,yenyuanense,,,,,"(Dai, Chen, Liu, Yi, Gu and Liu, 1990)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135079,Indochinamon jinpingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,jinpingense,,,,,"(Dai, 1995)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135007,Sinopotamon chengkuense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,chengkuense,,,,,"Huang, Luo and Liu, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135080,Parathelphusa sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135008,Eosamon yotdomense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,yotdomense,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1984)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135081,Hypolobocera dantae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,dantae,,,,,"Rodriguez & Suarez, 2004",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 135009,Potamocarcinus nicaraguensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,nicaraguensis,,,,,"Rathbun, 1893",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 135082,Microthelphusa meansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,meansi,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 2007",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 135010,Ovitamon artifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ovitamon,artifrons,,,,,"(Buerger, 1894)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135083,Isolapotamon griswoldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,griswoldi,,,,,"(Chace, 1938)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135011,Balssipotamon fruhstorferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Balssipotamon,fruhstorferi,,,,,"(Balss, 1914)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135084,Sinopotamon anhuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,anhuiense,,,,,"Dai and Fan, in Dai, Chen, Song, Fan, Lin and Zeng, 1979",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135012,Bottapotamon engelhardti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Bottapotamon,engelhardti,,,,,"(Bott, 1967)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135085,Terrathelphusa kuhli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Terrathelphusa,kuhli,,,,,"(De Man, 1883)",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 135013,Hypolobocera velezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,velezi,,,,,"Campos, 2003",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 135086,Aparapotamon grahami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Aparapotamon,grahami,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1929)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135014,Trichodactylus petropolitanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Trichodactylus,petropolitanus,,,,,"(Goldi, 1886)",Subfamily Trichodactylinae. 135087,Mainitia mainitensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mainitia,mainitensis,,,,,"(Balss, 1937)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135015,Sinopotamon jianglenense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,jianglenense,,,,,"Dai, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135088,Phaibulamon stilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Phaibulamon,stilipes,,,,,"Ng, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135016,Potamon persicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,persicum,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1962","Subfamily Potaminae. Pretzmann (1983) recognised three subpopulations for this species (as subspecies of Potamon magnum), mainly for populations that inhabit islands. This species was revised to Potamon (Centropotamon) persicum by Brandis et al. (2000) and is treated here as Potamon persicum." 135089,Neostrengeria lindigiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,lindigiana,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1897)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 135017,Huananpotamon nanchengense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Huananpotamon,nanchengense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135090,Malayopotamon tobaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Malayopotamon,tobaense,,,,,"(Bott, 1968)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135091,Sundathelphusa jagori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,jagori,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1868)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135019,Geithusa lentiginosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Geithusa,lentiginosa,,,,,"Ng, 1992","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135092,Potamocarcinus pinzoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Potamocarcinus,pinzoni,,,,,"Campos, 2003",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 135020,Nanhaipotamon hepingense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,hepingense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135093,Somanniathelphusa taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,taiwanensis,,,,,"Bott, 1968",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 135021,Sinopotamon xiushuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,xiushuiense,,,,,"Dai, Zhou & Peng, 1995",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135094,Sinopotamon jichiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,jichiense,,,,,"Du, Lai, Deng & Shen, 1978",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135022,Nanhaipotamon wenzhouense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,wenzhouense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135095,Isolapotamon naiadis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,naiadis,,,,,"Ng, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135023,Parathelphusa tenuipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,tenuipes,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135096,Neostrengeria sketi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Neostrengeria,sketi,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1985",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 135024,Stelomon pruinosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Stelomon,pruinosum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135097,Thaipotamon chulabhorn,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaipotamon,chulabhorn,,,,,"Naiyanetr, 1993",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135025,Isolapotamon mahakkamense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,mahakkamense,,,,,"(De Man, 1899)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135098,Odontothelphusa lacandona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Odontothelphusa,lacandona,,,,,"Alvarez & Villalobos, 1991",Subfamily Pseudothelphusa; tribe Potamocarcini; subgenus Elsalvadoria. 135026,Ovitamon cumingii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Ovitamon,cumingii,,,,,"(Miers, 1884)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135099,Rouxana wakipensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Rouxana,wakipensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1926)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135027,Sundathelphusa urichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,urichi,,,,,"Ng & Sket, 1996","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135100,Lobothelphusa floccosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Lobothelphusa,floccosa,,,,,"(Alcock, 1910)",Subfamily Potaminae. 135028,Potamonautes anchietae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,anchietae,,,,,"(Brito-Capello, 1871)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Isopotamonautes) anchietae. This species was redescribed by Cumberlidge (1998) and Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) as Potamonautes anchietae. The subspecies Potamonautes (Isopotamonautes) anchietae machadoi Bott, 1964 is treated here as a Species Inquirenda." 135029,Bottiella medemi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Bottiella,medemi,,,,,"Smalley & Rodriguez, 1972",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 135102,Zilchia falcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Zilchia,falcata,,,,,"(Rodriguez & Hobbs, 1989)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. This species was formerly assigned ot the genus Potamocarcinus. 135030,Somanniathelphusa lacuvita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,lacuvita,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135103,Potamonautes paecilei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,paecilei,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1886)","Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Longipotamonautes) paecilei. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) treated this species as Potamonautes paecilei." 135031,Microthelphusa turumikiri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Microthelphusa,turumikiri,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1980",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 135104,Epilobocera haytensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Epilobocera,haytensis,,,,,"Rathbun, 1893",Subfamily Epilobocerinae. 135032,Potamonautes bayonianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,bayonianus,,,,,"(Brito-Capello, 1864)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Potamonautes) bayonianus bayonianus. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) and Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) referred this species to Potamonautes bayonianus and the latter authors considered P. (P.) dubius jallae to be a junior synonym." 135033,Sartoriana blanfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sartoriana,blanfordi,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the Parathelphusidae, but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 135106,Adeleana sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Adeleana,sumatrensis,,,,,"(Balss, 1934)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae, but has recently been reassigned to family Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135034,Geothelphusa ferruginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,ferruginea,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135107,Thaiphusa sirikit,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaiphusa,sirikit,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1992)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135035,Indochinamon bhumibol,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,bhumibol,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 2001)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135108,Mekhongthelphusa kengsaphu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mekhongthelphusa,kengsaphu,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135036,Eosamon boonyaratae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Eosamon,boonyaratae,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1987)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Eosamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135109,Sundathelphusa rubra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,rubra,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135037,Iomon luangprabangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Iomon,luangprabangense,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Iomon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135038,Strengeriana cajaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Strengeriana,cajaensis,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1993",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 135111,Somanniathelphusa hainanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,hainanensis,,,,,"Dai and Xing, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135039,Moritschus narinnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Moritschus,narinnensis,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1988",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 135112,Somanniathelphusa zhongshiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Somanniathelphusa,zhongshiensis,,,,,"Dai, Peng and Zhou, 1994","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135040,Indochinamon mieni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,mieni,,,,,"(Dang, 1967)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135113,Epilobocera sinuatifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Epilobocera,sinuatifrons,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1866)",Subfamily Epilobocerinae. 135041,Liotelphusa campestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Liotelphusa,campestris,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)","Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae. Yeo et al. (2007) transferred it to the subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 135114,Valdivia novemdentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Valdivia,novemdentata,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1968)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 135042,Demanietta khirikhan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Demanietta,khirikhan,,,,,"Yeo, Naiyanetr & Ng, 1998",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135115,Sinopotamon mayangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,mayangense,,,,,"Naruse, Yeo & Zhou, 2008", 135043,Moreirocarcinus laevifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Moreirocarcinus,laevifrons,,,,,"(Moreira, 1901)",Subfamily Dilocarcininae. 135116,Geothelphusa gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,gracilipes,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135117,Potamon potamios,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Potamon,potamios,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)","Subfamily Potaminae. Seven subspecies of P. potamios have been recognised over the years (Ghiavarini 1934; Pretzmann 1962, 1984, 1986; Bott 1967) mainly to recognise subpopulations of this species that inhabit islands. This taxon was most recently revised as Potamon (Potamon) potamios by Brandis et al. (2000) and it is treated here as Potamon potamios." 135118,Geothelphusa eurysoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,eurysoma,,,,,"Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135046,Hypolobocera martelathani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,martelathani,,,,,"(Pretzmann, 1975)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 135119,Mediapotamon leishanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Mediapotamon,leishanense,,,,,"(Dai, 1995)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135047,Indochinamon ou,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,ou,,,,,"(Yeo & Ng, 1998)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135120,Larnaudia chaiyaphumi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Larnaudia,chaiyaphumi,,,,,"(Naiyanetr, 1982)", 135048,Pilarta anuka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Pilarta,anuka,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2007","Subfamily Gecarcinucinae Rathbun, 1904." 135121,Indochinamon yunlongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,yunlongense,,,,,"(Dai, 1995)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135049,Himalayapotamon monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Himalayapotamon,monticola,,,,,"(Alcock, 1910)",Subfamily Potaminae. 135122,Hainanpotamon daiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,daiae,,,,,"Yeo and Naruse, 2007", 135050,Hypolobocera muisnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,muisnensis,,,,,"Rodriguez & von Sternberg, 1998",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini. 135123,Johora gua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,gua,,,,,"Yeo, 2001",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135051,Travancoriana pollicaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Travancoriana,pollicaris,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Bott (1970) included this species in the subfamily Liotelphusinae of the Gecarcinucidae. 135124,Sundathelphusa antipoloensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,antipoloensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135052,Isolapotamon beeliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Isolapotamon,beeliae,,,,,"Ng, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135125,Arachnothelphusa kadamaiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Arachnothelphusa,kadamaiana,,,,,"(Borradaile, 1900)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135053,Johora hoiseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,hoiseni,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1992",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135126,Chaceus davidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Chaceus,davidi,,,,,"Campos & Rodriguez, 1984",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Strengerianini. 135054,Valdivia serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,TRICHODACTYLIDAE,Valdivia,serrata,,,,,"White, 1847","Subfamily Dilocarcininae. Two subspecies are included in this species: Valdivia serrata serrata White, 1847 (= Valdivia (Valdivia) serrata surinamensis Pretzmann, 1968; Valdivia (Valdivia) serrata cururuensis Bott, 1969; Rotundovaldivia hartii gila Pretzmann, 1978); and Valdivia serrata harttii (Rathbun, 1905) [Trichodactylus (Valdivia)]." 135127,Fredius reflexifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Fredius,reflexifrons,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1897)",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Kingsleyini. 135055,Ptychophallus cocleensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,cocleensis,,,,,"Pretzmann, 1965",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 135128,Torhusa nieuwenhuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Torhusa,nieuwenhuisi,,,,,"(Bott, 1970)","This species was originally named Mainitia nieuwenhuisi by Bott (1970) on the basis of three specimens from Borneo. Later, Ng (1997) established a different genus name, Torhusa, for Mainitia nieuwenhuisi Bott, 1970." 135056,Badistemon turgidulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Badistemon,turgidulum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1909)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This taxon was reassigned to Badistemon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135129,Geothelphusa miyakoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Geothelphusa,miyakoensis,,,,,"Shokita, Naruse & Fuji, 2002",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135057,Balssipotamon ungulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Balssipotamon,ungulatum,,,,,"(Dang & Hô, 2003)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135058,Sinopotamon pingshanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,pingshanense,,,,,"Dai & Liu, 1994",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135059,Sinopotamon turgidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,turgidum,,,,,"Dai, Chen, Zhang and Lin, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135060,Lacunipotamon albusorbitum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Lacunipotamon,albusorbitum,,,,,"Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135061,Johora tahanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,tahanensis,,,,,"(Bott, 1966)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135068,Oziothelphusa biloba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,biloba,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135069,Elsalvadoria zurstrasseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Elsalvadoria,zurstrasseni,,,,,"(Bott, 1956)","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini, Subspecies zurstrasseni." 135070,Oziothelphusa kerala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,kerala,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135071,Sundathelphusa sottoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Sundathelphusa,sottoae,,,,,"Ng & Sket, 1996","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135072,Nanhaipotamon guangdongense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Nanhaipotamon,guangdongense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135073,Sinopotamon zunyiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Sinopotamon,zunyiense,,,,,"Dai, 1997",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 135074,Holthuisana boesemani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Holthuisana,boesemani,,,,,"Bott, 1974","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 135075,Hainanpotamon globosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Hainanpotamon,globosum,,,,,"(Parisi, 1916)","Subfamily Potamiscinae. The generic placement of Hainanpotamon globosum has been unclear for some time. Bott (1970) assigned the species to the genus Nanhaipotamon as Nanhaipotamon formosanum globosum. Froglia and Grippa (1986: 274, Pl. 1 Figs. b, e) reexamined the type material of Potamon (Geothelphusa) globosum Parisi, 1916, and correctly pointed out that the specimen reported by Bott (1970) does not belong to Parisi’s species. Ng and Dudgeon (1992: 743) also noted that “the G1 of Parisi’s types of P. globosum is clearly not that of Nanhaipotamon, but resembles that of Potamon orientalis Parisi, 1916, instead”, and that the two species would have been placed in the genus Ranguna Bott, 1966 but treated the generic placement of Potamon globosum as unclear." 135076,Indochinamon tannanti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,tannanti,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Subfamily Potamiscinae. This species was assigned to Indochinamon by Yeo & Ng (2007). 135077,Ptychophallus micracanthus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Ptychophallus,micracanthus,,,,,"Rodriguez, 1994",Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Potamocarcinini. 135149,Schizothorax grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,grahami,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)","Originally Oreinus grahami by Regan (1904), but changed in 1964 to Schizothorax grahami by Cao and in 1992 to Racoma grahami by Wu and Wu (1992). Valid as Schizothorax grahami (Regan, 1904)." 135150,Yunnanilus discoloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,discoloris,,,,,"Zhou & He, 1989", 135152,Sinocyclocheilus grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,grahami,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)","Originally Barbus grahami, but changed in 1963 to Percocypris grahami by Wu, and in 1977 to Sinocyclocheilus grahami" 135153,Triplophysa grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,grahami,,,,,"(Regan, 1906)","Nemachilus grahami by Regan (1906). Changed into Barbatula (Barbatula) grahami by Nichols (1943), Barbatula grahami by Cheng (1958) and changed to Triplophysa (Triplophysa) grahami by Zhu (1989)." 135154,Xenocypris yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Xenocypris,yunnanensis,,,,,Nichols 1925,
135163,Anabarilius alburnops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,alburnops,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)","Originally Barilius alburnops, but changed in 1943 to Ischikauia alburnops by Nichols, and in 1958 to Anabarilius alburnops by Cheng." 135295,Bombus franklini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,franklini,,,,,"(Frison, 1921)",
135301,Oncorhynchus nerka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,nerka,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","In the 2008 Red List assessment, a total of 75 extant and five extinct 'subpopulations' were identified across the natural range of O. nerka. In the 2011 Red List assessment, several of these subpopulations were further subdivided based on additional input from salmon specialists (Pacific Salmon Commission, PSC, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, DFO), resulting in a total of 98 subpopulations, of which 93 are extant. The subpopulations in this assessment are considered independent and reproductively isolated from each other.

The assessors used a combination of ecoregional (i.e., marine and freshwater habitat-based) classification and the degree of genetic divergence between known spawning 'locations', using an FST value of 0.04, representing a threshold level of gene flow between putative 'subpopulations' of less than or equal to one effective migrant per year. The five extinct subpopulations were based on Gustafson et al. 2007. While the assessors acknowledge that it is not straightforward to ascribe demographic or geographic distinctness to a subpopulation based on observed genetic distances, they feel it is the most appropriate methodology given the scale of the assessment and the paucity of observations of stray rates among the spawning locations considered in this assessment." 135407,Salvelinus colii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,colii,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)",We treat S. scharffi and S. trevelyani as synonyms. 135408,Salvelinus evasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,evasus,,,,,"Freyhof & Kottelat, 2005 ",The deep water charr reported from Lake Attersee is most likely not conspecific with S. evasus. 135411,Salvelinus fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,fimbriatus,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 135412,Salvelinus gracillimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,gracillimus,,,,,"Regan, 1909",Long recorded only from Shetland Islands. This or a similar species has recently been recorded from northern Scotland. Above diagnosis based largely on latter population. 135413,Salvelinus grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,grayi,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 135414,Salvelinus inframundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,inframundus,,,,,"Regan, 1909","Long known only from the original description, based on material from Orkney Islands. This or a similar species has recently been recorded from Loch Meallt. Above diagnosis largely based on latter population." 135415,Salvelinus killinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,killinensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)",Long formally recorded only from Loch Killin. This or similar species have recently been recorded from several other lakes of Scotland. Above diagnosis largely based on latter populations. 135416,Salvelinus lepechini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,lepechini,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 135417,Salvelinus lonsdalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,lonsdalii,,,,,"Regan, 1909", 135418,Salvelinus mallochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,mallochi,,,,,"Regan, 1909","Long known only from the original description, based on material from Loch Scourie. This or a similar species has recently been recorded from lakes of northern Scotland. Above diagnosis largely based on latter populations." 135419,Salvelinus maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,maxillaris,,,,,"Regan, 1909", 135420,Salvelinus murta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,murta,,,,,"(Saemundsson, 1908)", 135421,Salvelinus neocomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,neocomensis,,,,,"Freyhof & Kottelat, 2005", 135422,Salvelinus obtusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,obtusus,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 135423,Salvelinus perisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,perisii,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)", 135424,Salvelinus struanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,struanensis,,,,,"(Maitland, 1881)", 135425,Salvelinus thingvallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,thingvallensis,,,,,"(Saemundsson, 1908)", 135426,Salvelinus umbla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,umbla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",The different populations grouped here under S. umbla exhibit a great diversity of shape and colouration; detailed comparative studies are needed to establish their identities. 135427,Salvelinus willoughbii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,willoughbii,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","Spring and autumn spawning charrs occur sympatrically in Windermere; they do not interbreed in the wild (but can be crossed under laboratory conditions) and are reportedly not distinguishable morphologically except by gill raker counts (which broadly overlap) and more brilliant coloration for the spring spawner. Another morphological study concluded that they differ, but did not explicitly state how they differ. There are indications that they are genetically isolated, for which reason they are here treated as distinct species. Autumn and spring spawners occur in other Cumbrian lakes but they co-occur only in Windermere. No information is available on spawning period of charrs in other Cumbrian lakes (Goat's Water, Wast Water, Lowes Water). The Ennerdale population is said to be phenotypically distinct, but the differences have never been described; its status cannot therefore be evaluated. Differences between S. willoughbii and S. maxillaris are slight and they are possibly conspecific. In the past, numerous populations in intermediate areas have been referred to S. willoughbii, but more data are needed to decide their identity." 135428,Salvelinus youngeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,youngeri,,,,,"Friend, 1956","Long recorded only from the original description, based on material from Loch Eck. Above diagnosis based on Loch Eck population. This or similar species have recently been recorded from several lakes of western and central Scotland; they differ in having a somewhat smaller eye (4.0-4.5 times in HL), darker body, and small pale spots, often indistinct. Loch Doon population is reporded to have a ""substantially lower"" number of branchiostegal rays [actual numbers not stated], which, if confirmed, suggests it could be a distinct species." 135429,Saguinus melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,melanoleucus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1912)","Both S. melanoleucus melanoleucus and S. m. crandalli were considered to be subspecies of S. fuscicollis by Hershkovitz (1977). Saguinus f. melanoleucus, S. f. acrensis, and S. f. crandalli were listed as subspecies of S. melanoleucus by Coimbra-Filho (1990). Saguinus fuscicollis acrensis Carvalho 1957 is not considered a valid form, but a hybrid between S. f. fuscicollis and S. f. melanoleucus on the upper Rio Juruá, following Peres et al. (1996). S. f. crandalli may well be a hybrid of S. f. fuscicollis × S. f. melanoleucus. Listed as a subspecies of S. fuscicollis by Hershkovitz (1977) and Rylands et al. (1993; 2000). Taxonomy here follows Groves (2001, 2005)." 135442,Achondrostoma oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Achondrostoma,oligolepis,,,,,"(Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat, 2005)", 135484,Latimeria menadoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,SARCOPTERYGII,COELACANTHIFORMES,LATIMERIIDAE,Latimeria,menadoensis,,,,,"Pouyaud, Wirjoatmodjo, Rachmatika, Tjakrawidjaja, Hadiaty & Hadie, 1999",This species is nearly identical in appearance to Latimeria chalumnae from the western Indian Ocean. 135486,Proterorhinus nasalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Proterorhinus,nasalis,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1863)", 135487,Proterorhinus semilunaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Proterorhinus,semilunaris,,,,,"(Heckel, 1837)", 135488,Proterorhinus tataricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Proterorhinus,tataricus,,,,,"Freyhof & Naseka, 2008",This species had been synonymised with P. marmoratus based on quite limited evidence. This approach is not followed here. 135489,Cottus koshewnikowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,koshewnikowi,,,,,"Gratzianov, 1907","C. koshewnikowi and C. gobio form a hybrid zone in northern and eastern Gulf of Bothnia. Both species have largely allopatric ranges and where they come into contact, they have different ecologies, with C. gobio in partly brackish coastal habitats and C. koshewnikowi in pure freshwater inland habitats. C. milvensis from River Pechora is included here, but could be a distinct species." 135490,Coregonus nilssoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,nilssoni,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1848", 135491,Alosa tanaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,tanaica,,,,,"(Grimm, 1901)","Recent molecular studies found all sea- and coast-spawing shads from the Aegean, Black and Caspian Sea basins to be very closely related and their taxonomy might be revised in the future. This species complex also includes Alosa tanaica. We follow the traditional species concept until this species complex will be resolved." 135492,Rhynchocypris czekanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,czekanowskii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1869)", 135493,Squalius vardarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,vardarensis,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 135495,Oxynoemacheilus merga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,merga,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1840)", 135496,Alburnus mentoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,mentoides,,,,,"Kessler, 1859", 135497,Iberochondrostoma almacai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Iberochondrostoma,almacai,,,,,"(Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira, 2005)", 135498,Gobio sarmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,sarmaticus,,,,,"Berg, 1949", 135499,Alburnus chalcoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,chalcoides,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1772)", 135500,Gobio occitaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,occitaniae,,,,,"Kottelat & Persat, 2005", 135501,Gobio carpathicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,carpathicus,,,,,"Vladykov, 1925",Molecular data suggest that the upper Tisza and Mures populations are distinct lineages. 135502,Salmo rhodanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,rhodanensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1974","The diagnostic four broad bars are present in populations of Dourbie (upper Tarn system, France), which is distinguished by the presence of red spots and dorsal, pelvic and anal with white anterior margin. This is possibly an introgression zone between S. rhodanensis and S. cf. cettii." 135503,Alburnus vistonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,vistonicus,,,,,"Freyhof & Kottelat, 2007", 135504,Knipowitschia cameliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,cameliae,,,,,"Nalbant & Oţel, 1995", 135505,Eudontomyzon sp. nov. 'migratory',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Eudontomyzon,sp. nov. 'migratory',,,,,,"Anadromous predatory lampreys are reported in the literature and are considered to be extinct. In fact, the literature is ambiguous. The record of a migratory lamprey in the Prut system refers to a non-predatory species close to E. mariae but there is no evidence that it was anadromous. Attempts to obtain migratory lampreys in recent years in the Dniestr, Dniepr and Don have been unsuccessful; fishermen are not aware of its existence." 135506,Coregonus gutturosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,gutturosus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1818)", 135507,Barbus strumicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,strumicae,,,,,"Karaman, 1955", 135508,Barbatula sturanyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,sturanyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1892)", 135509,Knipowitschia longecaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,longecaudata,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)", 135510,Benthophilus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,stellatus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1874)", 135511,Cottus perifretum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,perifretum,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005", 135512,Coregonus arenicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,arenicolus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1997", 135513,Coregonus renke,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,renke,,,,,"(Schrank, 1783)","Regional authorities and scientists question the hypothesis that multiple species of Coregonus formerly existed in the Bavarian Danube drainage. While the diversity of coregonids in the area had been well-described by early 20th century authors, only a single species might exist today due to decades of commercial translocations.
Coregonus renke was described from Lake Stamberger, and it is believed that this population was stocked into other lakes where it hybridised with local populations and/or alien Coregonus species. It is unknown if the original population described as C. renke has survived at all. In the early 20th century, a small, pelagic species with a terminal mouth and 37-44 gill rakers, spawning at the surface in the middle of the lake, was present in sympatry with C. renke in Lake Starnberger. It is apparently extinct." 135514,Chondrostoma kubanicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,kubanicum,,,,,"Berg, 1914", 135515,Gobio feraeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,feraeensis,,,,,"Stephanidis, 1973", 135516,Benthophilus durrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,durrelli,,,,,"Boldyrev & Bogutskaya, 2004", 135517,Phoxinus septimaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,septimaniae,,,,,"Kottelat, 2007", 135518,Coregonus pennantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,pennantii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1848",This species continues to be referred to as Coregonus lavaretus in some of the published literature. 135519,Barbus waleckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,waleckii,,,,,"Rolik, 1970","B. waleckii has been regarded as a hybrid between female B. barbus and male B. carpathicus. Available data suggest that individuals of B. waleckii are not first generation hybrids, and that they have their own biological and reproduction characteristics; they might nevertheless be a species of hybrid origin. Pending demonstration that B. waleckii is not a distinct reproductive lineage, it is recognized as a valid species." 135520,Cottus transsilvaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,transsilvaniae,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005", 135521,Scardinius hesperidicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,hesperidicus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1845","Scardinius scardafa had been restricted to Lake Scanno in southern Italy by morphological and molecular studies by Ketmaier et al. (2004). But molecular differences were not supported by a molecular study Geiger et al. (2014) and (Freyhof pers. comm.) could also not confirm published morphological differencs between Lake Scanno population and other Scardinius from Italy. Therefore we treat S. scardafa and S. hesperidicus as one species, for which the name S. scardafa has priority." 135523,Coregonus maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,maxillaris,,,,,"Günther, 1866", 135524,Leuciscus burdigalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,burdigalensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1844", 135525,Pomatoschistus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,microps,,,,,"(Krøyer, 1838)", 135526,Benthophilus magistri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,magistri,,,,,"Iljin, 1927", 135527,Alburnoides prespensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,prespensis,,,,,"(Karaman, 1924)","The phylogenetic and taxonomic status of all riverine subpopulations is partially unresolved and likely to be reviewed in the future (Shumka et al., 2018; Bogutskaya & Ahnelt, 2019)." 135528,Salmo cettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,cettii,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810","In the literature this species has often been referred to as Salmo macrostigma, which is a junior synonym of Salmo cettii (Splendiani et al., 2019). The name S. macrostigma has also been applied to adult trout individuals retaining parr marks from southwestern France (Garonne, Adour and Aude drainages) and the Iberian Peninsula (Ebro drainage), but these potentially represent distinct unnamed taxa and are not considered here." 135529,Coregonus hoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,hoferi,,,,,"Berg, 1932","Regional authorities and scientists question the hypothesis that multiple species of Coregonus formerly existed in the Bavarian Danube drainage. While the diversity of coregonids in the area had been well-described by early 20th century authors, only a single species might exist today due to decades of commercial translocations. There are indications that a smaller species formerly existed in Chiemsee, which has obviously also vanished." 135530,Eudontomyzon stankokaramani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Eudontomyzon,stankokaramani,,,,,"Karaman, 1974", 135531,Coregonus baerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,baerii,,,,,"Kessler, 1864","It is not yet clear whether other coregonids 'forms' are conspecific or not with C. baerii. These includes the 'common' Ladoga whitefish (C. baerii 'natio ladogae'), the Svir whitefish (C. baerii 'natio swirensis') and the Onega whitefish (C. poljakovi)." 135532,Alburnus hohenackeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,hohenackeri,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 135533,Alosa sp. nov. 'Skadar',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,sp. nov. 'Skadar',,,,,,"Anadromous (A. fallax) and landlocked shads occur in sympatry in Lake Skadar. The landlocked one has a smaller maximum size (280 mm SL, vs. 500), spawns at 2-5 years (vs. 3-8) in June-July (vs. April-May) along the shore (vs. in middle of the lake) at 23-28°C (vs. 14-20). Kottelat and Freyhoff (2007) tentatively treat this as a distinct species.

From Kottelat and Freyhof 2007 (add to assessment when available)
Common name: Skadar shad
Distribution: Lake Skadar (Montenegro, Albania). SA 381 km2, max depth: 44 m, Catchment Area: 3884 km2
Habitat: lacustrine
Biology: live up to about 5 years. spawns for the firt time at 2 years. Spawns June-July along shore at temp around 23-28 degrees C, on sand or gravel. Overwinters in deep water at northesastern part of lake in depressions fed by sublacustrine springs with constant temperature.
Conservation status: VU D2
Remarks: Anadromous (A. fallax) and landlocked shads occur in sympatry in Lake Skadar. the londlocked one has a smaller mx size (28 cm vs 50), spawns at 2-5 years (vs. 3-8) in June-July (vs. April-May) along the shore (vs in the middle of the lake) at 23-28 degrees C (vs 14-20). We tentatively treat this as a distinct species." 135534,Cobitis melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,melanoleuca,,,,,"Nichols, 1925", 135535,Sabanejewia bulgarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,bulgarica,,,,,"(Drensky, 1928)", 135536,Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,oxyrhynchum,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 135538,Cottus haemusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,haemusi,,,,,"Marinov & Dikov, 1986", 135539,Salvelinus profundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,profundus,,,,,"(Schillinger, 1901)","

Salvelinus profundus is only known from Lake Constance. Other populations of deep-water charrs belong to other species.

" 135540,Barbus tauricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,tauricus,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 135541,Barbatula quignardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,quignardi,,,,,"(Bǎcescu-Meşter, 1967)","The species was considered to be much more widespread before. Recent research demonstrate, that it is restricted to the Lez River drainage." 135542,Phoxinus bigerri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,bigerri,,,,,"Kottelat, 2007",Identification of the Iberian populations is tentative. 135543,Gobio ohridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,ohridanus,,,,,"Karaman, 1924", 135544,Scardinius dergle,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,dergle,,,,,"Heckel & Kner, 1858", 135545,Stenodus nelma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Stenodus,nelma,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)", 135546,Gobio brevicirris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,brevicirris,,,,,"Fowler, 1976", 135547,Sabanejewia vallachica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,vallachica,,,,,"(Nalbant, 1957)", 135549,Gobio delyamurei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,delyamurei,,,,,"Freyhof & Naseka, 2005", 135550,Rutilus heckelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,heckelii,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1840)","While R. heckelii was not accepted as a valid species by most authors, recent molecular studies strongly support the validity of this species." 135552,Salmo schiefermuelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,schiefermuelleri,,,,,"Bloch, 1784","Ancient literature records the presence of deepwater trout in several subalpine lakes of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Some records are ambiguous and probably refer to lacustrine ecotypes of S. trutta. Others are more detailed and indicate that different stocks existed. There is no indication whether and which of these populations survive; some may still be extant, but they do not seem to have received attention. Here, Kottelat and Freyhoff (2007) tentatively use the name S. schiefermuelleri. As originally described, S. schiefermuelleri was a heterogeneous assemblage of several species and Kottelat and Freyhoff (2007) restricted it to the 'mayforelle' of the Austrian lakes (mayforelle is apparently still used locally, but not for the original stock). The 'schwebforelle' of Lake Vierwaldstätter (Switzerland) has a somewhat similar appearance but is unlikely to belong to the same lineage as S. schiefermuelleri as they occur in different drainages. Other populations known from some Alpine lakes, exhibit distinctive phenotypes and it is still unclear whether or not they are reproductively isolated. One such case is the Engadine trout (Lakes St. Moritz and Silsersee, Switzerland, Danube drainage), which has a distinctive morphology and colour pattern." 135553,Sabanejewia caucasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,caucasica,,,,,"(Berg, 1906)", 135554,Coregonus atterensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,atterensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1997","This species potentially also occurs in Mondsee. But native whitefish in Mondsee spawn one month earlier than in Attersee. Mondsee population was introduced to Attersee in the early 20th century. After introduction, early spawning individuals were recorded also from Attersee but such individuals seem not to have established. Further studies are needed to demonstrate that the Mondsee population really belongs to the present species. Today, about half of the Coregonus harvested in Mondsee result from stocking." 135555,Romanogobio ciscaucasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,ciscaucasicus,,,,,"(Berg, 1932)", 135556,Coregonus bezola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,bezola,,,,,"Fatio, 1888", 135557,Coregonus fatioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,fatioi,,,,,"Kottelat, 1997","In both Lakes Thun and Brienz, there are forms (?) of this species spawning as deep as 70 m, some with a deeper body. They were formerly more distinct and had clearly-separated spawning seasons, according to reports. Hybridisation with introduced species might have reduced these patterns of behaviour." 135558,Squalius pamvoticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,pamvoticus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1939)", 135559,Alosa volgensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,volgensis,,,,,"(Berg, 1913)","Recent molecular studies found all sea- and coast-spawing shads from the Aegean, Black and Caspian Sea basins to be very closely related and their taxonomy might be revised in the future. This species complex also includes Alosa volgensis. We follow the traditional species concept until this species complex will be resolved." 135560,Romanogobio pentatrichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,pentatrichus,,,,,"Naseka & Bogutskaya, 1998", 135561,Coregonus ladogae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,ladogae,,,,,"Pravdin, Golubev & Belyaeva, 1938", 135563,Coregonus palaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,palaea,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 135564,Barbus balcanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,balcanicus,,,,,"Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Ráb & Berrebi, 2002", 135565,Gobio krymensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,krymensis,,,,,"Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1973",The population from stream Kacha (Crimea) might be a distinct species. 135566,Coregonus clupeoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,clupeoides,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803", 135568,Squalius moreoticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,moreoticus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1971)", 135569,Chondrostoma variabile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,variabile,,,,,"Yakovlev, 1870", 135570,Coregonus restrictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,restrictus,,,,,"Fatio, 1885", 135571,Gobio kubanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,kubanicus,,,,,"Vasil'eva, 2004","Populations from different tributaries show a great variability in shape, barbel length and squamation. Two forms are recognized, the typical form diagnosed above with long barbels and a short-barbel one, which might represent an unnamed species. Alternatively, a hybrid zone between G. brevicirris and G. kubanicus cannot be ruled out." 135572,Cottus microstomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,microstomus,,,,,"Heckel, 1837","C. microstomus, C. gobio and C. koshewnikowi possibly form a hybrid zone in the eastern Baltic basin. Earlier hypothesised hybrid zones in Odra and Vistula drainages seem to be pure C. microstomus." 135573,Cottus hispaniolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,hispaniolensis,,,,,"Bǎcescu & Bǎcescu-Meşter, 1964", 135574,Liopsetta glacialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Liopsetta,glacialis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)",Previously recognized as Pleuronectes glacialis (Kells et al. 2016). 135575,Squalius sp. nov. 'Aoos',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,sp. nov. 'Aoos',,,,,, 135576,Cottus duranii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,duranii,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005","This species is restricted to the Dordogne River catchment in France due tu new, unpublished taxonomic studies." 135577,Salmo ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,ferox,,,,,"Jardine, 1835","Several populations of large, piscivorous trouts from Ireland, northern Scotland, Cumbria and Wales are called ferox trouts. They are recognized as a distinct species on the basis of their existence in sympatry with genetically distinct S. trutta in several lakes, but it remains to be demonstrated whether all ferox trouts are conspecific. Some of these individuals or populations might be old, large, piscivorous, lacustrine S. trutta." 135578,Coregonus suidteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,suidteri,,,,,"Fatio, 1885",The above diagnosis is based on Lake Vierwaldstätter population. Populations from the smaller lakes apparently exhibit a greater variability and their identity requires confirmation. There have been a number of introductions and there are indications that several lakes are now inhabited by hybrid populations and that the original populations or species are extinct. This is probably the case of the original population of Lake Sempach; descriptions of material collected in the 19th century suggest that in fact it might have been a distinct species. Populations from small lakes have also been impacted by eutrophication. 135580,Gobio bulgaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,bulgaricus,,,,,"Drensky, 1926",The populations from the westen Aegean Sea basin in the Vardar drainage and the Aliakmon are identified as G. balcanicus. 135581,Cobitis taurica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,taurica,,,,,"Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005", 135582,Alosa killarnensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,killarnensis,,,,,"Regan, 1916","This species has regularly been referred to as a subspecies of the Twaite Shad (Alosa fallax). However, research has demonstrated that its ecological, molecular and morphological traits are sufficiently distinct for it to be regarded as a distinct taxon." 135583,Coregonus pallasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,pallasii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1848", 135584,Barbus carpathicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,carpathicus,,,,,"Kotlík, Tsigenopoulos, Ráb & Berrebi, 2002", 135585,Phoxinus strandjae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,strandjae,,,,,"Drensky, 1926", 135586,Squalius sp. nov. 'Evia',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,sp. nov. 'Evia',,,,,,"The status of this population is not clear, and the available molecular data are conflicting." 135587,Ballerus ballerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ballerus,ballerus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 135588,Barbus pergamonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,pergamonensis,,,,,"Karaman, 1971", 135589,Cottus scaturigo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,scaturigo,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005", 135590,Alburnus sarmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,sarmaticus,,,,,"Freyhof & Kottelat, 2007",Published morphological data suggest that two species of shemayas were possibly present in the lower Danube until about 1940. One of them (Alburnus danubicus) is now Extinct. 135591,Gasterosteus gymnurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Gasterosteus,gymnurus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829",The name G. leiurus is often and erroneously used for this species. Preliminary observations suggest that several of the isolated populations in the Mediterranean basin should possibly be recognized as distinct species. 135592,Salmo stomachicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,stomachicus,,,,,"Günther, 1866","Similar trouts have been recorded from Loughs Neagh, Conn and Corib (Ireland) and from Lochs Fadagoa, Mulach-Corrie and Assynt (Scotland). There are no data that allow a conclusion on whether they are conspecific with the Melvin ones. The above diagnosis is based on the Melvin population only." 135593,Thymallus arcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Thymallus,arcticus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","This species is restricted to Europe and Siberia and absent from North America, where it is replaced by Thymallus signifer." 135594,Alburnus schischkovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,schischkovi,,,,,"(Drensky, 1943)", 135595,Alburnus scoranza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,scoranza,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1845", 135596,Neogobius pallasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Neogobius,pallasi,,,,,"(Berg, 1916)", 135597,Cobitis elongatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,elongatoides,,,,,"Bǎcescu & Mayer, 1969", 135598,Alburnus mandrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,mandrensis,,,,,"(Drensky, 1943)", 135599,Coregonus candidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,candidus,,,,,"Goll, 1883", 135600,Aphanius almiriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,almiriensis,,,,,"Kottelat, Barbieri & Stoumboudi, 2007", 135601,Rutilus caspicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,caspicus,,,,,"(Yakovlev, 1870)",

The taxonomy of roach species in the Caspian basin is in an urgent need of review.

135602,Leuciscus bearnensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,bearnensis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1866)", 135603,Sabanejewia kubanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,kubanica,,,,,"Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1988", 135604,Benthophilus nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,nudus,,,,,"Berg, 1898",Earlier considered conspecific with B. stellatus. 135605,Phoxinus colchicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,colchicus,,,,,"Berg, 1910",We do not exclude that the Phoxinus of Caucasus belong to two species. 135606,Dicentrarchus labrax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MORONIDAE,Dicentrarchus,labrax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Molecular studies have demonstrated evidence for the existence of distinct northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean evolutionary lineages, which probably originated through allopatric isolation during the Pleistocene. Some studies have suggested that these represent semi‐isolated species (i.e., independent lineages in which speciation remains incomplete) rather than differentiated populations of the same taxon. The two lineages hybridise throughout a post-glacial secondary contact zone located in the Alboran Sea, with a sharp divide at the Almeria-Oran Front (AOF). The AOF serves as a barrier by separating colder, less-saline Atlantic water from the denser Mediterranean. This phenomenon has generated a supplementary layer of genetic subdivision between sea bass inhabiting the eastern and western Mediterranean. Additional genetic diversity has been detected within individual Mediterranean basins, e.g., the Adriatic and Levantine seas, and is potentially present in the Black Sea." 135607,Barbus ciscaucasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,ciscaucasicus,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 135609,Lethenteron reissneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lethenteron,reissneri,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1869)","Lampreys identified as L. kessleri from Arctic basin are L. reissneri and part of those from Sakhalin, Japan and rivers of the Sea of Japan belong to L. reissneri and two unnamed species." 135611,Alosa agone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,agone,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","This species is often regarded as a sub-species of Alosa fallax (Alosa fallax lacustris) however, recent molecular analysis revealed genetic distance between A. agone and A. fallax (Bianco 2013). Therefore, for the purposes of this assessment, Alosa agone is considered a valid species and Alosa fallax lacustris is a synonym." 135612,Coregonus widegreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,widegreni,,,,,"Malmgren, 1863","Diagnosis based on Ladoga population (true C. widegreni). Baltic, Swedish (C. polonica) populations referred to this species are probably misidentified as they are shallow water, small-sized species (up to about 200 mm SL), while the true C. widegreni is a deep-water, large size species. Coregonus polonica might be a valid species but more research is needed." 135613,Alburnus sp. nov. 'Volvi',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,sp. nov. 'Volvi',,,,,, 135614,Clupeonella tscharchalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeonella,tscharchalensis,,,,,"(Borodin, 1896)","This species was previously treated as a subspecies or variety of C. cultriventris. The systematics of the genus Clupeonella are not yet resolved. The identity of the species that is invasive in large dammed rivers (i.e., Volga and Don rivers) of the Black and Caspian Sea basins is not clear (Kottelat and Freyhof 2007)." 135615,Gobio kovatschevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,kovatschevi,,,,,"Chichkoff, 1937", 135616,Coregonus nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,nobilis,,,,,"Haack, 1882", 135617,Alburnoides ohridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,ohridanus,,,,,"(Karaman, 1928)", 135618,Coregonus zugensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,zugensis,,,,,"Nüsslin, 1882", 135619,Squalius squalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,squalus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1837)", 135620,Alburnus macedonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,macedonicus,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 135621,Gobio alverniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,alverniae,,,,,"Kottelat & Persat, 2005", 135622,Caspiosoma caspium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caspiosoma,caspium,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)", 135623,Salmo fibreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,fibreni,,,,,"Zerunian & Gandolfi, 1990", 135624,Scardinius plotizza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,plotizza,,,,,"Heckel & Kner, 1858", 135625,Barbus rebeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,rebeli,,,,,"Koller, 1926",


135626,Barbus bergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,bergi,,,,,"Chichkoff, 1935", 135627,Coregonus fera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,fera,,,,,"Jurine, 1825", 135628,Coregonus heglingus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,heglingus,,,,,"Schinz, 1822", 135629,Barbatula zetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,zetensis,,,,,"(Soric, 2000)", 135630,Rutilus panosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,panosi,,,,,"Bogutskaya & Iliadou, 2006", 135632,Coregonus alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,alpinus,,,,,"Fatio, 1885", 135633,Coregonus danneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,danneri,,,,,"Vogt, 1908", 135634,Alburnus mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,mento,,,,,"(Heckel, 1837)", 135635,Rhodeus amarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,amarus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1782)","During the 20th century this species was considered to be synonymous with the Siberian congener R. sericeus, and the taxonomy of Western Palearctic Rhodeus remains unresolved. Genetic analyses have revealed the presence of six well-supported lineages. Two of these occur throughout central and western Europe, two are restricted to the Ponto-Aegean region of Greece, and two occur south of the Caucasus mountains in rivers draining to the eastern Black Sea and southern Caspian Sea, respectively.

The Ponto-Aegean lineage inhabiting the Vardar River system has been described as R. meridionalis (Karaman, 1924), the eastern Black Sea lineage as R. colchicus (Bogutskaya & Komlev, 2001) and the southern Caspian Sea lineage as R. caspius (Esmaeili et al., 2020). Among these, only R. colchicus has been demonstrated to exhibit obvious morphological differences to R. amarus. There is also evidence of historical genetic admixture between several lineages (see 'Distribution'). Additional taxonomic examination of these fishes is therefore required before any definitive conclusions regarding their status can be made.

For the purposes of this assessment, all lineages are thus retained within R. amarus, with the exception of the clearly distinct R. colchicus.
" 135636,Romanogobio antipai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,antipai,,,,,"(Bănărescu, 1953)",Earlier considered to be a subspecies of R. kessleri. 135637,Gasterosteus crenobiontus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Gasterosteus,crenobiontus,,,,,"Bǎcescu & Mayer, 1956","This species' taxonomic status is unclear, and it may be a synonym of the congener G. aculeatus." 135638,Squalius orpheus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,orpheus,,,,,"Kottelat & Economidis, 2006", 135639,Ballerus sapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ballerus,sapa,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)", 135640,Coregonus vandesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,vandesius,,,,,"Richardson, 1836","The populations of Cumbria and Scotland differ somewhat in morphology and might be distinct species. On the other hand, available data do not allow to distinguish C. vandesius from the assemblage of all populations referred to C. albula and C. sardinella.

Available data do not allow to distinguish C. albula as a whole from C. sardinella and C. vandesius. A very high variability is reported for all morphological characters between the many populations referred to C. albula, suggesting that several species might be involved. Further studies are needed to resolve their identity. However, C. vandesius is clearly distinct from C. albula populations from eastern Baltic basin, but it is similar to some populations from the western Baltic." 135641,Alburnus volviticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,volviticus,,,,,"Freyhof & Kottelat, 2007", 135642,Coregonus wartmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,wartmanni,,,,,"(Bloch, 1784)", 135643,Salmo ezenami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,ezenami,,,,,"Berg, 1948", 135645,Alburnus leobergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,leobergi,,,,,"Freyhof & Kottelat, 2007", 135646,Gobio holurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,holurus,,,,,"Fowler, 1976", 135647,Oxynoemacheilus theophilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,theophilii,,,,,"Stoumboudi, Kottelat & Barbieri, 2006", 135648,Cottus rondeleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,rondeleti,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005","This species' taxonomic status is questionable and under review at time of writing. Cottus subpopulations in southern France, including those inhabiting tributaries of the lower Rhône, plus the Hérault, Aude and a number of short coastal river systems, possess distinct genetic profiles. Together, they are also clearly separated from subpopulations found in the upper Rhône and elsewhere in Europe. Until this situation is resolved the taxon cannot be assessed using Red List criteria.
" 135649,Squalius malacitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,malacitanus,,,,,"Doadrio & Carmona, 2006", 135650,Leuciscus danilewskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,danilewskii,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)",Records of L. leuciscus from Don drainage probably refer to L. danilewskii. 135651,Gobio obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,obtusirostris,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1842",The distribution limits are not clear. The existence of a hybrid zone between G. obtusirostris and G. gobio in the upper Danube is suspected. 135652,Romanogobio vladykovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,vladykovi,,,,,"(Fang, 1943)",Earlier considered a subspecies of R. albipinnatus. 135653,Salmo nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,nigripinnis,,,,,"Günther, 1866", 135654,Benthophilus mahmudbejovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,mahmudbejovi,,,,,"Ragimov, 1976", 135655,Sabanejewia baltica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,baltica,,,,,"Witkowski, 1994", 135656,Benthophilus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1787)", 135657,Barbus sperchiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,sperchiensis,,,,,"Stephanidis, 1950", 135658,Salmo labrax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,labrax,,,,,"Pallas, 1814","Genetic data show that resident trouts from the northern Black Sea basin represent a lineage very different from those of the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Caspian basins, but there is no published morphological comparison. Presently, a single species of Salmo is recognized in the northern Black Sea basin (in addition to the extinct S. schiefermuelleri). A population from upper Vardar (Lipkovska) is tentatively referred to S. labrax; it is superficially distinguished from all Balkan species by its very slightly emarginate caudal. In upper Danube, S. trutta is present and hybrid populations are or might be present in lower Danube, Dniestr, Dniepr and Don." 135659,Gobio skadarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,skadarensis,,,,,"Karaman, 1937", 135660,Osmerus dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Osmerus,dentex,,,,,"Steindachner & Kner, 1870","Earlier treated as subspecies or synonym of O. mordax but morphological and genetic data indicate they are distinct species, O. mordax being restricted to the East coast of Canada and the North American Great Lakes." 135661,Sabanejewia balcanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,balcanica,,,,,"(Karaman, 1922)", 135662,Knipowitschia radovici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,radovici,,,,,"Kovačić, 2005","This species is regarded as a synonym of the congener Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga 1841) by some authorities based on a molecular study by Thacker et al. (2018). However, the authors in fact do not explicitly synonymise the two species, therefore they are retained separately here." 135663,Coregonus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Nüsslin, 1882", 135664,Barbus kubanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,kubanicus,,,,,"Berg, 1912", 135665,Coregonus muksun,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,muksun,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)", 135666,Gasterosteus islandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Gasterosteus,islandicus,,,,,"Sauvage, 1874",This species' taxonomic validity is in question since genetic studies have failed to separate it from the widespread congener G. aculeatus. 135667,Pungitius laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,laevis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 135668,Romanogobio belingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,belingi,,,,,"(Slastenenko, 1934)", 135669,Alburnus thessalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,thessalicus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1950)", 135670,Alburnus arborella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,arborella,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1841)",A. alborella is a frequent incorrect spelling. 135671,Coregonus hiemalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,hiemalis,,,,,"Jurine, 1825", 135672,Coregonus maraena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,maraena,,,,,"(Bloch, 1779)",This species is often referred to as Coregonus lavaretus in literature. 135673,Percarina maeotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percarina,maeotica,,,,,"Kuznetsov, 1888", 135674,Coregonus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,megalops,,,,,"Widegren, 1863", 135676,Squalius laietanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,laietanus,,,,,"Doadrio, Kottelat & de Sostoa, 2007", 135677,Gobio lozanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,lozanoi,,,,,"Doadrio & Madeira, 2004", 135678,Squalius valentinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,valentinus,,,,,"Doadrio & Carmona, 2006", 135679,Phoxinus lumaireul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,lumaireul,,,,,"(Schinz, 1840)", 135680,Benthophilus leobergius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,leobergius,,,,,"Berg, 1949", 135682,Benthophilus granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,granulosus,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 135683,Achondrostoma occidentale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Achondrostoma,occidentale,,,,,"(Robalo, Almada, Sousa Santos, Moreira & Doadrio, 2005)", 135684,Luciobarbus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,brachycephalus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1872)","Preliminarly molecular data suggest, that Caspian and Aral Sea population might represent two species." 135685,Cottus metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,metae,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005", 135686,Coregonus lucinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,lucinensis,,,,,"Thienemann, 1933", 135687,Luciobarbus capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,capito,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1773)", 135688,Coregonus fontanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,fontanae,,,,,"Schulz & Freyhof, 2003", 135689,Chelon labrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,labrosus,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)", 135691,Coregonus lutokka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,lutokka,,,,,"Kottelat, Bogutskaya & Freyhof, 2005",It is unclear whether populations from Lake Onega belong to this species or are part of an endemic species flock. 135692,Salmo taleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,taleri,,,,,"(Karaman, 1933)", 135693,Coregonus zuerichensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,zuerichensis,,,,,"Nüsslin, 1882", 135694,Romanogobio tanaiticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,tanaiticus,,,,,"Naseka, 2001",Earlier considered a subspecies of R. albipinnatus. 135695,Squalius tenellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,tenellus,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 135696,Abramis brama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Abramis,brama,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 135697,Rhodeus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,meridionalis,,,,,"Karaman, 1924", 135698,Coregonus bavaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,bavaricus,,,,,"Hofer, 1909","Regional authorities and scientists question the hypothesis that multiple species of Coregonus formerly existed in the Bavarian Danube drainage. While the diversity of coregonids in the area had been well-described by early 20th century authors, only a single species might exist today due to decades of commercial translocations." 135699,Cobitis tanaitica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,tanaitica,,,,,"Bǎcescu & Mayer, 1969", 135700,Cobitis pontica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,pontica,,,,,"Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2006", 135701,Coregonus stigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,stigmaticus,,,,,"Regan, 1908",This species continues to be referred to as Coregonus lavaretus in some of the published literature. 135704,Coregonus pollan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,pollan,,,,,"Thompson, 1835","This species is referred to as Coregonus autumnalis, a species native to the Arctic Circle, in some published literature." 135705,Barbus petenyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,petenyi,,,,,"Heckel, 1852", 135706,Caspiomyzon wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Caspiomyzon,wagneri,,,,,"(Kessler, 1870)", 135709,Salmo pelagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,pelagonicus,,,,,"Karaman, 1938", 135710,Cottus rhenanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,rhenanus,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005", 135711,Leuciscus oxyrrhis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,oxyrrhis,,,,,"(La Blanchère, 1873)",This species has been intensively studied during the last years and no study could confirm this as an own species. It is therefore treated as a synonym of L. burdigalensis. 135712,Cobitis illyrica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,illyrica,,,,,"Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007", 135713,Coregonus confusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,confusus,,,,,"Fatio, 1885", 135715,Coregonus albellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,albellus,,,,,"Fatio, 1890", 135716,Cottus aturi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,aturi,,,,,"Freyhof, Kottelat & Nolte, 2005", 135717,Platichthys flesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Platichthys,flesus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",In need of critical taxonomic revision; several species seem to be confused under the name P. flesus. 135718,Phoxinus strymonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,strymonicus,,,,,"Kottelat, 2007","Records from the upper Strymon, Loudias and Filiouris drainages had been considered to be P. strymonicus but their identification remain unresolved and molecular data suggest hybridistion with or the occurence of other Phoxinus species. The assessment is therefore restricted to the Aggitis and Marmaras Rivers." 135721,Pelasgus marathonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelasgus,marathonicus,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1921)", 135722,Rutilus virgo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,virgo,,,,,"(Heckel, 1852)", 135723,Romanogobio parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,parvus,,,,,"Naseka & Freyhof, 2004", 135726,Bokermannohyla itapoty,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,itapoty,,,,,"Lugli & Haddad, 2006","In the Bokermannohyla alvarengai group. Bokermannohyla itapoty differs from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters, colour patterns and advertisement call features (Lugli and Haddad 2006)." 135731,Pristimantis waoranii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,waoranii,,,,,"(McCracken, Forstner & Dixon, 2007)","Pristimantis waoranii can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and different colour patterns (see McCracken et al. 2007). This species is within the Pristimantis lacrimosus according to Padial et al. (2014) and Hedges et al. (2008). It is possible that this is not a valid species, so taxonomic work is needed for the entire species group (D.F. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2021)." 135733,Hylodes pipilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,pipilans,,,,,"Canedo & Pombal, 2007",Hylodes pipilans differs from similar species by a combination of morphological characters and advertisement call features (Canedo and Pombal 2007). 135735,Bolitoglossa paraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,paraensis,,,,,"(Unterstein, 1930)","In the subgenus Eladinea and in the adspersa species group. Parra-Olea et al. (2004) removed Bolitoglossa paraensis from synonymy with Bolitoglossa altamazonica. M.S. Hoogmoed (pers. comm. 2008) indicates that B. paraensis is a complex of 3-4 species. The nominal species occurs between Belém and Bragança, with one outlying record in Amapá, all other records from Brazilian Amazônia would be other taxa. However, data on habitat, habits and threats of these taxa are included as separate notes under B. paraensis, but their distribution has not been mapped, the map only reflects the known distribution of B. paraensis. Work on the resolution of the taxonomy of this complex is underway." 135749,Kaloula macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,macrocephala,,,,,"Bourret, 1942","We follow Ohler (2003) in treating this as a species separate from Kaloula pulchra. Ohler (2003) also treated Kaloula aureata Nutphand, 1989, as a synonym of this species, but we follow Pauwels and Chérot (2006) in considering K. aureata to be a separate species." 135753,Eleutherodactylus michaelschmidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,michaelschmidi,,,,,"Díaz, Cádiz & Navarro, 2007","Eleutherodactylus michaelschmidi can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of external characters, advertisement call and chromosome patterns (Díaz et al. 2007)." 135758,Pleurodema fuscomaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,fuscomaculatum,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)","Nascimento et al. (2006) proposed that Eupemphix fuscomaculatus be considered as Pleurodema fuscomaculata. Specimens previously assigned to Physalaemus fuscomaculatus are now considered to be Physalaemus marmoratus." 135760,Litoria staccato,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,staccato,,,,,"Doughty and Anstis, 2007", 135761,Mixophyes carbinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,carbinensis,,,,,"Mahony, Donnellan, Richards and McDonald, 2006", 135767,Nymphargus buenaventura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,buenaventura,,,,,"(Cisneros-Heredia & Yánez-Muñoz, 2007)",In the genus Nymphargus according to Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2007). Nymphargus buenaventura is distinguished from other species of glassfrogs by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Cisneros-Heredia and Yánez-Muñoz 2007). 135769,Rana hanluica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,hanluica,,,,,"Shen, Jiang & Yang, 2007", 135774,Brachycephalus alipioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,alipioi,,,,,"Pombal & Gasparini, 2006",Brachycephalus alipioi can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters (Pombal and Gasparini 2006). 135776,Nyctibatrachus sholai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,sholai,,,,,"Radhakrishnan, Dinesh & Ravichandran, 2007", 135782,Eupsophus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Ibarra-Vidal, Ortiz & Torres-Pérez, 2004",Eupsophus septentrionalis is distinguished from other congeners through morphological and isoenzymatic differences (Ibarra-Vidal et al. 2004). 135786,Bokermannohyla oxente,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,oxente,,,,,"Lugli & Haddad, 2006",In the Bokermannohyla pseudopseudis group. Bokermannohyla oxente can be distinguished from other species of the group by acoustic and morphological features (Lugli and Haddad 2006). 135788,Leptodactylus sertanejo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,sertanejo,,,,,"Giaretta and Costa, 2007",Leptodactylus sertanejo is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of both morphological characters and advertisement call features (Giaretta and Costa 2007). 135790,Gegeneophis goaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,goaensis,,,,,"Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth & Kulkarni, 2007", 135791,Phyllomedusa bahiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,bahiana,,,,,"Lutz, 1925",Phyllomedusa bahiana was elevated to full species status by Silva-Filho and Juncá (2006) on the basis of differences in vocalizations and tadpole morphology.

Andrade et al. (2018) could not distinguish this species from Phyllomedusa burmeisteri on the basis of morphometrics or acoustic parameters but did not suggest a taxonomic change. 135794,Pseudis platensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudis,platensis,,,,,"Gallardo, 1961","This assessment includes the Argentinean subpopulations referred to in Lavilla et al. (2000) as Pseudis paradoxus platensis and Pseudis paradoxus occidentalis according to Aguiar-Jr. et al. (2007). Although Aguiar et al. (2007) have proposed that Pseudis paradoxa and P. platensis are valid species, further studies based on the external morphological characterization of adults, as well as bioacoustic characters and larval morphology, have not found sufficient evidence to support the recognition of P. platensis as a valid taxon (Garda et al. 2010, Santana et al. 2016, Pérez-Granados et al. 2020). " 135795,Rhinella alata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,alata,,,,,"(Thominot, 1884)","Santos et al. (2015) redelimited Rhinella alata to be restricted to Panama and Chocoan Colombia and Ecuador on the basis of molecular and morphological data. Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) noted that no specifically identified vouchers exist for Venezuela. Like all species of the R. margaritifera complex, there are many taxonomic uncertainties with this taxon." 135796,Rhinella veredas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,veredas,,,,,"(Brandão, Maciel and Sebben, 2007)",In the genus Rhinella following Frost (2007). Rhinella veredas can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Brandão et al. 2007). 13580,Miratesta celebensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Miratesta,celebensis,,,,,"P. & F. Sarasin, 1898", 135806,Pelophylax caralitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,caralitanus,,,,,"(Arikan, 1988)","We follow Jdeidi et al. (2001), Plötner and Ohst (2001) and Plötner et al. (2001) in treating this as a species distinct from Pelophylax bedriagae." 135808,Gastrotheca fulvorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,fulvorufa,,,,,"(Andersson, 1911)",Removed from the synonymy of Gastrotheca microdiscus by Caramaschi and Rodrigues (2007). 135810,Bokermannohyla diamantina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,diamantina,,,,,"Napoli & Juncá, 2006",In the Bokermannohyla circumdata group according to the original publication. 135811,Leptodactylus paraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,paraensis,,,,,"Heyer, 2005", 135815,Proceratophrys paviotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,paviotii,,,,,"Cruz, Prado & Izecksohn, 2005",Proceratophrys paviotii is related to Proceratophrys boiei. It can be differentiated from the latter species by morphological and advertisement call data (Cruz et al. 2005). 135830,Brachycephalus pombali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,pombali,,,,,"Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & dos Reis, 2006",Brachycephalus pombali can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological and colour features (Alves et al. 2006). 135843,Physalaemus angrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,angrensis,,,,,"Weber, Gonzaga & Carvalho-e-Silva, 2006",A member of the Physalaemus signifer group according to the original publication. It can be differentiated from similar species by a combination of morphological characters and advertisement call features (Weber et al. 2006). 135847,Gastrotheca pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,pulchra,,,,,"Caramaschi & Rodrigues, 2007",Gastrotheca pulchra can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters (Caramaschi and Rodrigues 2007). 135848,Microhyla fissipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,fissipes,,,,,"Boulenger, 1884","We follow Matsui et al. (2005) in separating this species from Microhyla ornata. Call properties of this species vary, and it is believed to be a species complex (A. Borzee pers. comm. September 2019)." 135857,Bufotes zamdaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,zamdaensis,,,,,"(Fei, Ye & Huang in Fei, Ye, Huang & Chen, 1999)", 135859,Frostius erythrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Frostius,erythrophthalmus,,,,,"Pimenta and Caramaschi, 2007",Frostius erythrophthalmus can be distinguished from Frostius pernambucensis by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Pimenta and Caramaschi 2007). 135861,Peltophryne florentinoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,florentinoi,,,,,"(Moreno & Rivalta, 2007)",In the Peltophryne peltocephala group. 135864,Nymphargus wileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,wileyi,,,,,"(Guayasamin, Bustamante, Almeida-Reinoso & Funk, 2006)",In the genus Nymphargus following Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2007). Guayasamin et al. (2006) indicate that the species can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological and colouration differences and allopatric distributions. Guayasamin et al. (2006) adopt the Evolutionary Species Concept in their description of Nymphargus wileyi. 135865,Eupsophus queulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,queulensis,,,,,"Veloso, Celis-Diaz, Guerrero, Méndez-Torres, Iturra-C. & Simonetti, 2005","Chromosome and molecular data supports the assignment of the new species to Eupsophus (Veloso et al., 2005)." 135872,Allobates spumaponens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,spumaponens,,,,,"Kok & Ernst, 2007",Allobates spumaponens can be distinguished from similar species by a combination of morphological features and a unique advertisement call and reproductive behaviour (Kok and Ernst 2007). 135877,Hyloxalus parcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,parcus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)",Hyloxalus parcus was removed from the synonymy of Colostethus exasperatus by Morales (2005). 135879,Megophrys zunhebotoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,zunhebotoensis,,,,,"Mathew & Sen, 2007","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries are more stable." 135881,Hyloxalus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,maculosus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)","Frost (2021) indicates that this taxon was removed from the synonymy of Colostethus bocagei by Santos et al. (2003), by implication of their placement of this taxon in a phylogenetic tree away from Colostethus bocagei, where it had been placed by Coloma (1995); but Coloma IN Duellman (2004) suggested that Colostethus maculosus remains a synonym of Colostethus bocagei, which is contrary to the results of Santos et al. (2003). Páez-Vacas et al. (2010) considered this species to be part of the Hyloxalus bocagei complex, distinct from Hyloxalus bocagei." 135887,Ololygon peixotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,peixotoi,,,,,"(Brasileiro, Haddad, Sawaya & Martins, 2007)","In the Scinax perpusillus group. Scinax peixotoi is diagnosed by a combination of morphological characters and distinct advertisement call (Brasileiro et al. 2007)." 135892,Allobates subfolionidificans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,subfolionidificans,,,,,"(Lima, Sanchez & Souza, 2007)", 135899,Leptobrachium promustache,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,promustache,,,,,"(Rao, Wilkinson & Zhang, 2006)", 135904,Phyllomedusa itacolomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,itacolomi,,,,,"Caramaschi, Cruz & Feio, 2006","Phyllomedusa itacolomi is considered to be a member of the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group according to the original publication. It is diagnosed by a combination of morphological characters and colour patterns (Caramaschi et al. 2006)." 135906,Bokermannohyla vulcaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,vulcaniae,,,,,"De Vasconcelos & Giaretta, 2005",A member of the Hyla circumdata group according to the original publication. Bokermannohyla vulcaniae is diagnosed by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (De Vasconcelos and Giaretta 2003). 135909,Scinax cabralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,cabralensis,,,,,"Drummond, Baêta & Pires, 2007",In the Scinax ruber clade according to the original publication. Scinax cabralensis is differentiated from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters and a distinct advertisement call (Drummond et al. 2007). 135912,Brachycephalus ferruginus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,ferruginus,,,,,"Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad & dos Reis, 2006", 135913,Scinax camposseabrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,camposseabrai,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1968)",Scinax camposseabrai was revalidated by Caramaschi and Cardoso (2006) based on morphological comparisons. 13595,Mixophyes balbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,balbus,,,,,"Straughan, 1968","A genetic study by Donnellan (2008) identified a northern and southern lineage of this species that apparently meet in the Barrington Tops region of central coastal New South Wales. The divergence between these two lineages is greater than levels of divergence observed among other Mixophyes species (Donnellan 2008), which suggests the likelihood that more than one taxon currently exists within this species. Hunter and Gillespie (2011) recommend that ""until this taxonomic issue is resolved, the northern and southern lineages of the Stuttering Frog should be given the highest level of conservation priority and managed independently""." 13596,Mixophyes fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,fasciolatus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 135964,Polypedates occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,occidentalis,,,,,"Das & Dutta, 2006",Further taxonomic work could confirm that this species is a synonym of P. pseudocruciger (Ganesh S.R. and Chandramouli S.R. pers. comm. October 2020). 13597,Mixophyes fleayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,fleayi,,,,,"Corben & Ingram, 1987", 13598,Mixophyes iteratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,iteratus,,,,,"Straughan, 1968", 135990,Uraeotyphlus oommeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Uraeotyphlus,oommeni,,,,,"Gower & Wilkinson, 2007", 135991,Theloderma nagalandense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,nagalandense,,,,,"Orlov, Dutta, Ghate & Kent, 2006", 135996,Nymphargus laurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,laurae,,,,,"Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2007", 135997,Physalaemus camacan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,camacan,,,,,"Pimenta, Cruz, and Silvano, 2005",In the Physalaemus signifer group. The species can be distinguished from others by a combination of morphological characters and advertisement call features (Pimenta et al. 2005). 135998,Leptodactylus lauramiriamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,lauramiriamae,,,,,"Heyer and Crombie, 2005","Leptodactylus lauramiriamae is provisionally included in the genus Leptodactylus. It is differentiated from other species through a combination of morphological, myological and osteological features (Heyer and Crombie 2005). The type series of L. lauramiriamae was revised and has characteristics that may be of another genus (T. Carvalho pers. comm. 2021)." 136001,Adenomera nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,nana,,,,,"(Müller, 1922)",Adenomera nana was revalidated based on bioacoustic data (Kwet 2007). 136003,Litoria myola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,myola,,,,,"Hoskin, 2007","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 136064,Chiasmocleis mantiqueira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,mantiqueira,,,,,"Cruz, Feio & Cassini, 2007",Chiasmocleis mantiqueira can be distinguished from other congeners by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Cruz et al. 2007). 136081,Leptodactylus vastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,vastus,,,,,"Lutz, 1930",Separated from Leptodactylus labyrinthicus by Heyer (2005). 136084,Physalaemus irroratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,irroratus,,,,,"Cruz, Nascimento and Feio, 2007",In the Physalaemus signifer species group according to the original publication. Physalaeumus irroratus is differentiated from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters and advertisement call features (Cruz et al. 2007). 136086,Megophrys serchhipii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,serchhipii,,,,,"(Mathew & Sen, 2007)","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries are more stable." 136089,Rana holtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,holtzi,,,,,"Werner, 1898","Veith et al. (2003) treated Rana holtzi as conspecific with R. macrocnemis. However, we follow Çevik et al. (2006) and Baran et al. (2007) in considering Rana holtzi to be a valid species." 136091,Gegeneophis mhadeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,mhadeiensis,,,,,"Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth & Kulkarni, 2007",This species is poorly circumscribed and needs to be recharacterised (D. Gower pers. comm. August 2020). 136092,Zhangixalus suffry,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,suffry,,,,,"(Bordoloi, Bortamuli & Ohler, 2007)",This species was moved from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus (Jiang et al. 2019). 136024,Theloderma licin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,licin,,,,,"McLeod & Ahmad, 2007", 136094,Ichthyophis kodaguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,kodaguensis,,,,,"Wilkinson, Gower, Govindappa & Venkatachalaiah, 2007", 136095,Cycloramphus faustoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,faustoi,,,,,"Brasileiro, Haddad, Sawaya & Sazima, 2007","In the Cycloramphus eleutherodactylus group. It can be distinguished from other congeners by a combination of morphological characters and advertisement call features (Brasileiro et al. 2007)." 136096,Boana curupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,curupi,,,,,"(Garcia, Faivovich & Haddad, 2007)","It was previously within the genus Hypsiboas, which was recently considered to be a junior synonym of Boana, and therefore transferred to this genus (Faivovich et al. 2005, Dubois 2017). In the Boana pulchella group. Boana curupi can be distinguished from other species in the group by larval, morphological and advertisement call features (Garcia et al. 2007)." 136035,Ischnocnema henselii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,henselii,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)",Allocated to the genus Ischnocnema following Heinicke et al. (2007). The name Ischnocnema henselii is resurrected to accommodate a species that was first detected through differences in advertisement call parameters (Kwet and Solé 2005).

This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation (Gehara et al. 2013). 136037,Mixophyes coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,coggeri,,,,,"Mahony, Donnellan, Richards and McDonald, 2006", 136108,Ischnocnema penaxavantinho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,penaxavantinho,,,,,"Giaretta, Toffoli and Oliveira, 2007","Ischnocnema penaxavantinho is diagnosed on the basis of adult morphology, advertisement call, and ecology (Giaretta et al. 2007)." 136039,Hylodes fredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,fredi,,,,,"Canedo and Pombal, 2007",Hylodes fredi is differentiated from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters and advertisement call features (Canedo and Pombal 2007). 136109,Phyllomedusa araguari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,araguari,,,,,"Giaretta, Oliveira Filho and Kokubum, 2007","Phyllomedusa araguari differs from other similar species in colour pattern, size, advertisement call and breeding site (Giaretta et al., 2007)." 136110,Rhinella achavali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,achavali,,,,,"(Maneyro, Arrieta, and de Sá, 2004)",In the R. marina group according to the original publication. Rhinella achavali can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Maneyro et al. 2004). 136111,Philautus neelanethrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,neelanethrus,,,,,"Gururaja, Aravind, Ali, Ramachandra, Velavan, Krishnakumar & Aggarwal, 2007", 136042,Rhacophorus rhodopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,rhodopus,,,,,"Liu & Hu, 1960","We follow Bordoloi et al. (2007) in removing this species from the synonymy of Rhacophorus bipunctatus, where it has been placed by Inger et al. (1999), and in treating Rhacophorus namdaphaensis as a synonym of this species.

This species is a complex (Li et al. 2012, Dang et al. 2016)." 136113,Rana draytonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,draytonii,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852","Significant morphological and behavioral differences between Rana draytonii and R. aurora suggest that they represent two species in secondary contact (Hayes and Krempels 1986, cited by USFWS 1994). Shaffer et al. (2004) presented genetic evidence supporting the recognition of Rana aurora and R. draytonii as distinct species." 136114,Rana sierrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,sierrae,,,,,"Camp, 1917","Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog populations now recognized as Rana sierrae were formerly included in Rana muscosa. Vredenburg et al. (2007) examined the phylogeography of Rana muscosa as defined by Stebbins (2003) and determined that R. muscosa occurs in the southern Sierra Nevada and in mountains to the south, and that populations in the Sierra Nevada north of this range comprise a distinct species (Rana sierrae)." 136045,Nyctibatrachus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,minimus,,,,,"Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Giri, Roelants, Nagaraju & Bossuyt, 2007", 136115,Hydrolaetare caparu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Hydrolaetare,caparu,,,,,"Jansen, Gonzales Álvarez and Köhler, 2007","Hydrolaetare caparu can be distinguished from other congeners by a combination of morphological features, colour pattern and advertisement call features (Jansen et al. 2007)." 136049,Minervarya nicobariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,nicobariensis,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)","The species named Fejervarya nicobariensis in the 2004 and 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was in fact Hylarana nicobariensis. The true Fejervarya nicobariensis was inadvertently omitted from the 2004 and 2006 IUCN Red Lists. In 2008 it was assessed. The validity of the species was affirmed by Dubois and Ohler (2000).

This taxon has been moved to the genus Minervarya (Sanchez et al. 2018). There is still some taxonomic uncertainty regards this species, and in particular the range limits need to be determined (S.R. Chandramouli pers. comm. 2020)." 136054,Rhinella martyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,martyi,,,,,"Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc and Velez-Rodriguez, 2007","In the Rhinella margaritifera group according to the original publication. Rhinella martyi can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological and vocalization features (Fouquet et al., 2007)." 136123,Rhinella cerradensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,cerradensis,,,,,"Maciel, Brandão, Campos and Sebben, 2007","In the Rhinella marina group, Rhinella cerradensis can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters (adult and tadpole), colour patterns and advertisement call features (Maciel et al. 2007). Ferraro et al. (2018) noted problematic subpopulations of Rhinella cf. cerradensis in Argentina. The taxonomic status of these subpopulations still needs to be defined, so they have not been included in this assessment." 136058,Arthroleptis lonnbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,lonnbergi,,,,,"Nieden, 1915","We follow Pickersgill (2007) in removing this species from the synonymy of Arthroleptis stenodactylus. However, this species was resurrected simply ""since it's the earliest applicable name [Pickersgill] could find"" (Pickersgill, 2007; p. 309) and without reference to the type material. Specimens referred to this species by Pickersgill (2007) may indeed represent a valid species, although it is unlikely to correspond to Arthroleptis lonnbergi (D. Blackburn pers. comm. July 2010)." 136127,Chiasmocleis sapiranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,sapiranga,,,,,"Cruz, Caramaschi & Napoli, 2007",In the Chiasmocleis leucosticta group according to the original publication. Chiasmocleis sapiranga is diagnosed by a combination of morphological characters and colour patterns (Cruz et al. 2007). 136128,Ambystoma bishopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,bishopi,,,,,"(Goin, 1950)","Based on patterns of genetic and morphological variation, Pauly et al. (2007) concluded that Ambystoma cingulatum should be split into two species, A. bishopi west of the Apalachicola-Flint rivers and A. cingulatum east of those rivers." 136071,Rhinella magnussoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,magnussoni,,,,,"Lima, Menin & Araújo, 2007", 136074,Raorchestes ochlandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,ochlandrae,,,,,"(Gururaja, Dinesh, Palot, Radhakrishnan & Ramachandra, 2007)", 136138,Amolops mengyangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,mengyangensis,,,,,"Wu & Tian, 1995","This species was treated as part of Amolops chunganensis, until it was described as a separate taxon by Wu and Tian (1995). However, Fei et al. (1999) treated it as a synonym of A. chunganensis, but Ohler (2007) demonstrated its validity, and also treated Rana daorum as a synonym of this species." 136140,Ololygon faivovichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,faivovichi,,,,,"(Brasileiro, Oyamaguchi & Haddad, 2007)","In the Scinax perpusillus group according to the original publication. Scinax faivovichi is diagnosed by a combination of morphological characters (Brasileiro et al. 2007)." 136141,Rhinella hoogmoedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,hoogmoedi,,,,,"Caramaschi and Pombal, 2006", 136143,Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,caramaschii,,,,,"Toledo, Garcia, Lingnau and Haddad, 2007", 136147,Phyllodytes maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,maculosus,,,,,"Cruz, Feio & Cardoso, 2007","Phyllodytes maculosus is believed to be related to Phyllodytes kautskyi. It is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (Cruz et al. 2006).

Specimens named as P. maculosus would actually represent one of the morphs of P. kautskyi (Novaes-e-Fagundes and Solé 2021)." 136154,Lysapsus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Lysapsus,bolivianus,,,,,"Gallardo, 1961",See comments by Garda et al. (2010) regarding the evidentiary ambiguity of distinctiveness from Lysapsus limellus. 136155,Engystomops freibergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,freibergi,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1969)","Based on morphometric and call differences, Funk et al. (2007, 2008) suggested that E. petersi (termed Physalaemus petersi by those authors) encompasses the north-western Amazon clade while the south-western Amazon clade corresponds with E. freibergi (termed Physalaemus freibergi) corroborating the proposal of Ron et al. (2006)." 136157,Uperoleia daviesae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,daviesae,,,,,"Young, Tyler and Kent, 2005", 136175,Gastrotheca ernestoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,ernestoi,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920",Gastrotheca ernestoi was revalidated by Caramaschi and Rodrigues (2007) based on morphological features. 136178,Crossodactylus cyclospinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,cyclospinus,,,,,"Nascimento, Cruz & Feio, 2005",In the Crossodactylus gaudichaudii group according to the original description. Crossodactylus cyclospinus is differentiated from other similar species by a combination of morphological and advertisement call features (Nascimento et al. 2005). 136182,Adenomera thomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,thomei,,,,,"(Almeida & Angulo, 2006)",This is a species complex (I. Machado pers. comm. 2021). 136185,Litoria nudidigita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,nudidigita,,,,,"(Copland, 1963)","We follow Donnellan et al. (1999) and Mahony et al. (2001) in treating this as a species distinct from Litoria phyllochroa. We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 136187,Raorchestes sahai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,sahai,,,,,"(Sarkar & Ray, 2006)",This is likely a synonym of Raorchestes parvulus but this taxonomic change is currently awaiting publication (M.F. Ahmed pers. comm. October 2020). 13629,Moitessieria juvenisanguis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,juvenisanguis,,,,,"Boeters & Guittenberger, 1980","This species has never been found alive, but is considered as a valid species by everyone." 13631,Moitessieria locardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,locardi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1863","Moitessieria locardi is considered as a valid species by every author." 13633,Spiralix rayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,rayi,,,,,"(Locard, 1882)", 13634,Moitessieria rolandiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,rolandiana,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1863)", 13635,Moitessieria simoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,simoniana,,,,,"(Saint-Simon, 1848)", 13636,Corseria corsica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Corseria,corsica,,,,,"(R. Bernasconi, 1994)","This doubtful taxon, described by Bernasconi, has never been found again despite more recent searches at the type locality in Corsica (see Bertrand 2004).

Initially described as Moitessieria corsica, Falkner et al. 2002 placed the species in the genus Spiralix. Then, Boeters and Falkner (2009) restudied the type specimen and proposed to place the species within a new genus, the genus Corseria. This latter placement has been followed by MolluscaBase (2022)." 136473,Plecotus kolombatovici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,kolombatovici,,,,,"Dulic, 1980","Originally described as a subspecies of Plecotus austriacus, but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001) for genetics and Tvrtkovic et al. (2005) for morphology." 136562,Nycticeius aenobarbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nycticeius,aenobarbus,,,,,"Temminck, 1840","Listed as a synonym of Myotis albescens by many authors, but is clearly distinct at both the generic and species level." 13657,Monadenia circumcarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Monadenia,circumcarinata,,,,,"(Stearns, 1879)", 136596,Crocidura hikmiya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,hikmiya,,,,,"Meegaskumbura, Meegaskumbura, Pethiyagoda, Manamendra-Arachchi & Schneider, 2007", 136612,Scotophilus collinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,collinus,,,,,"Sody, 1936", 13666,Monadenia setosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Monadenia,setosa,,,,,"Talmadge, 1952", 13667,Monadenia troglodytes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Monadenia,troglodytes,,,,,"Hanna & Smith, 1933", 136721,Bos primigenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bos,primigenius,,,,,"Bojanus, 1827","The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003) ruled that the name Bos primigenius for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. Therefore, IUCN considers the wild species of Aurochs under the name Bos primigenius, while the domestic forms of cattle are considered under Bos taurus (see Gentry et al. 2004). Grubb (2005) lists B. primigenius as a subspecies of B. taurus, contrary to most authors, but we do not follow that arrangement here." 13706,Monolistra bolei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Monolistra,bolei,,,,,"(Sket, 1960)", 13708,Monolistra calopyge,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Monolistra,calopyge,,,,,"Sket, 1982", 13709,Monolistra schottlaenderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Monolistra,schottlaenderi,,,,,"Stammer, 1930", 13711,Monomorium hospitum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Monomorium,hospitum,,,,,"Viehmeyer, 1916", 13712,Monomorium inquilinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Monomorium,inquilinum,,,,,"DuBois, 1981", 13713,Monomorium talbotae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Monomorium,talbotae,,,,,"DuBois, 1981", 13707,Monolistra spinosissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Monolistra,spinosissima,,,,,"(Racovitza, 1929)", 13714,Monomorium pergandei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Monomorium,pergandei,,,,,"(Emery, 1893)", 13715,Monomorium santschii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Monomorium,santschii,,,,,"(Forel, 1905)", 13716,Monomorium effractor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Monomorium,effractor,,,,,"Bolton, 1987", 13721,Monopterus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,indicus,,,,,"(Silas & Dawson, 1961)","Monopterus indicus was described as Amphipnous indicus by Silas and Dawson (1961) from Robbers Cave in Satara District, and Kenheri caves in Mumbai, Maharashtra State, India." 13731,Monterissa gowerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Monterissa,gowerensis,,,,,"Iredale, 1944", 13836,Montserratina bofilliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Montserratina,bofilliana,,,,,"Fagot, 1884", 13852,Mordacia lapicida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Mordacia,lapicida,,,,,"(Gray, 1851)", 13875,Morimus funereus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Morimus,funereus,,,,,"Mulsant, 1862",Should probably rather be treated as a subspecies under Morimus asper. 13891,Mortonagrion hirosei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,hirosei,,,,,"Asahina, 1972", 13903,Moserius percoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,TRICHONISCIDAE,Moserius,percoi,,,,,"Strouhal, 1940", 13911,Mouldingia occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Mouldingia,occidentalis,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 13932,Muricopsis mariangelae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MURICIDAE,Muricopsis,mariangelae,,,,,"Rolan & Fernandes, 1991",Was initially described as a subspecies of M. rutila. 13933,Muricopsis matildae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MURICIDAE,Muricopsis,matildae,,,,,"Rolan & Fernandes, 1991", 13934,Muricopsis principensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MURICIDAE,Muricopsis,principensis,,,,,"Rolan & Fernandes, l991", 13951,Murunducaris juneae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,PARASTENOCARIDIDAE,Murunducaris,juneae,,,,,"Reid, 1994", 14001,Muscocyclops bidenatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Muscocyclops,bidenatus,,,,,"Reid, 1987", 14002,Muscocyclops therasiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Muscocyclops,therasiae,,,,,"Reid, 1987", 14014,Tolgachloritis campbelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Tolgachloritis,campbelli,,,,,"(Iredale, 1937)", 14034,Myaka myaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Myaka,myaka,,,,,"Trewavas, 1972", 14216,Myrmecia inquilina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmecia,inquilina,,,,,"Douglas & Brown, 1959", 14225,Myrmoxenus gordiagini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmoxenus,gordiagini,,,,,"Ruzsky, 1902", 14228,Myrmica bibikoffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,bibikoffi,,,,,"Kutter, 1963", 14230,Myrmica ereptrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,ereptrix,,,,,"Bolton, 1988", 14231,Myrmica faniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,faniensis,,,,,"Boven, 1970", 14232,Myrmica hirsuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,hirsuta,,,,,"Elmes, 1978", 14233,Myrmica lampra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,lampra,,,,,"Francoeur, 1968", 14234,Myrmica lemasnei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,lemasnei,,,,,"Bernard, 1967", 14235,Myrmica myrmicoxena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,myrmicoxena,,,,,"Forel, 1895", 14236,Myrmica quebecensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,quebecensis,,,,,"Francoeur, 1981", 14237,Myrmica samnitica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,samnitica,,,,,"Mei, 1987", 14238,Myrmica colax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,colax,,,,,"(Cole, 1957)", 14239,Myrmica kabylica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,kabylica,,,,,"(Cagniant, 1970)", 14240,Myrmica laurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,laurae,,,,,"(Emery, 1907)", 14241,Myrmica winterae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,winterae,,,,,"(Kutter, 1973)", 14242,Myrmica symbiotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Myrmica,symbiotica,,,,,"(Menozzi, 1925)", 14258,Mysateles prehensilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Mysateles,prehensilis,,,,,"(Poeppig, 1824)", 14259,Mysorelloides multisulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Mysorelloides,multisulcata,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1888)", 14263,Myxas glutinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Myxas,glutinosa,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)", 14264,Myxus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Myxus,capensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","There has been much disagreement concerning the relationships of the one family placed in order Mugiliformes (Nelson 2006). Although reasons exist for regarding mugilids as perciform, rather than being related to the Atherinomorpha, there seems to be insufficient reason to change the classification from that given in Nelson (1994), based on Stiassny (1993) and Johnson and Patterson (1993) (Nelson 2006). A recent molecular phylogeny of grey mullets by Durand & Borsa (2015) has erected the genus Myxus to Pseudomyxus." 14296,Naemorhedus goral,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Naemorhedus,goral,,,,,"(Hardwicke, 1825)","Two subspecies are recognized by Wilson and Reeder (2005): N. g. goral, and N. g. bedfordi." 14316,Namibcypris costata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,CANDONIDAE,Namibcypris,costata,,,,,"Martens, 1992", 14318,Nancibella quintalia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Nancibella,quintalia,,,,,"Cox, 1870", 14329,Nanocochlea monticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Nanocochlea,monticola,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 14330,Nanocochlea pupoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Nanocochlea,pupoidea,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 14331,Nanocopia minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,PLATYCOPIOIDA,PLATYCOPIIDAE,Nanocopia,minuta,,,,,"Fosshagen, 1988", 14332,Nanodectes bulbicercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Nanodectes,bulbicercus,,,,,"Rentz, 1985", 14341,Napaeus isletae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,isletae,,,,,"Groh & Ibanez, 1992", 14342,Napaeus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Ibanez & Alonso, 1993", 14483,Neduba extincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Neduba,extincta,,,,,"Rentz, 1977", 14491,Nemacheilus troglocataractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,troglocataractus,,,,,"Kottelat & Géry, 1989", 14498,Nemapalpus nearcticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,PSYCHODIDAE,Nemapalpus,nearcticus,,,,,, 14499,Nematogenys inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Nematogenys,inermis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)", 14500,Nematostella vectensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,EDWARDSIIDAE,Nematostella,vectensis,,,,,"Stephenson, 1935", 14513,Neodiaptomus intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Neodiaptomus,intermedius,,,,,"Flössner, 1984", 14514,Neodiaptomus laii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Neodiaptomus,laii,,,,,"Kiefer, 1974", 14515,Neodiaptomus lymphatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Neodiaptomus,lymphatus,,,,,"(Brehm, 1933)", 14516,Neodiaptomus physalipus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Neodiaptomus,physalipus,,,,,"Kiefer, 1935", 14521,Neogobius fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Neogobius,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)", 14524,Neogobius melanostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Neogobius,melanostomus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)", 14529,Neoleptoneta myopica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LEPTONETIDAE,Neoleptoneta,myopica,,,,,"Gertsch, 1974", 14538,Neonemobius eurynotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Neonemobius,eurynotus,,,,,"(Rehn & Hebard, 1918)", 14540,Neophaedusa spelaeonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Neophaedusa,spelaeonis,,,,,"Kuroda & Minato, 1975", 14553,Neoplanorbis carinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Neoplanorbis,carinatus,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 14554,Neoplanorbis smithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Neoplanorbis,smithi,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 14555,Neoplanorbis umbilicatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Neoplanorbis,umbilicatus,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 14561,Neorapana grandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MURICIDAE,Neorapana,grandis,,,,,"Sowerby, 1835", 14569,Neothauma tanganyicense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Neothauma,tanganyicense,,,,,"Smith, 1880", 14581,Neotoma magister,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,magister,,,,,"Baird, 1858","Neotoma magister previously was regarded as a subspecies of Neotoma floridana. Evidence from analyses of variation in mtDNA, allozymes, and morphology indicates that N. magister is a highly distinct lineage (Hayes and Harrison 1992, Hayes and Richmond 1993, Edwards and Bradley 2001). Baker et al. (2003) and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized N. magister and N. floridana as distinct species. Baker et al. (2003) used the name ""Appalachian Woodrat.""" 14624,Neritilia hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITILIIDAE,Neritilia,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Kay, 1979", 14628,Neritina natalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,natalensis,,,,,"Reeve, 1855", 14631,Nerodia paucimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,paucimaculata,,,,,"(Tinkle & Conant, 1961)",Densmore et al. (1992) elevated Nerodia harteri paucimaculata to species status after Rose and Selcer had suggested that already in 1989. Other authors have pointed out that there is no single character that will allow separation of individuals from the two populations 100% of the time. Treated here as a good species. 14679,Nesopupa eapensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,eapensis,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1880)", 14680,Nesopupa quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,quadrasi,,,,,"(von Möllendorff, 1894)", 14681,Nesopupa turtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,turtoni,,,,,"Smith, 1892", 14682,Nesopupa alloia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,alloia,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14683,Nesopupa anceyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,anceyana,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14684,Nesopupa bacca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,bacca,,,,,"Pease, 1871", 14685,Nesopupa baldwini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,baldwini,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 14686,Nesopupa bishopi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,bishopi,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14687,Nesopupa dispersa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,dispersa,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14688,Nesopupa dubitabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,dubitabilis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14689,Nesopupa forbesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,forbesi,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14690,Nesopupa infrequens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,infrequens,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14691,Nesopupa kauaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,kauaiensis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14692,Nesopupa limatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,limatula,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14693,Nesopupa litoralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,litoralis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14694,Nesopupa madgei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,madgei,,,,,"Peile, 1936", 14695,Nesopupa newcombi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,newcombi,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14696,Nesopupa oahuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,oahuensis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14697,Nesopupa plicifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,plicifera,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 14698,Nesopupa rodriguezensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,rodriguezensis,,,,,"Connolly,1925", 14699,Nesopupa singularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,singularis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14700,Nesopupa subcentralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,subcentralis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14701,Nesopupa thaanumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,thaanumi,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 14702,Nesopupa waianensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,waianensis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 14703,Nesopupa wesleyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,wesleyana,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 14704,Nesopupa ponapica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Nesopupa,ponapica,,,,,"(Moellendorff, 1900)", 14735,Neurergus strauchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Neurergus,strauchii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1887)", 14745,Neutrodiaptomus formosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Neutrodiaptomus,formosus,,,,,"(Kikuchi, 1928)", 14746,Newcombia philippiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Newcombia,philippiana,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1850", 14747,Newcombia canaliculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Newcombia,canaliculata,,,,,"Baldwin, 1905", 14748,Newcombia cumingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Newcombia,cumingi,,,,,"Sykes, 1896", 14749,Newcombia lirata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Newcombia,lirata,,,,,"Mighels, 1912", 14750,Newcombia perkinsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Newcombia,perkinsi,,,,,"Sykes, 1896", 14751,Newcombia pfeifferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Newcombia,pfeifferi,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 14752,Newcombia sulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Newcombia,sulcata,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1857", 14753,Newnhamia fuscata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,NOTODROMADIDAE,Newnhamia,fuscata,,,,,"(Brady, 1886)", 14754,Newnhamia insolita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,NOTODROMADIDAE,Newnhamia,insolita,,,,,"De Deckker, 1979", 14759,Ngairea murphyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Ngairea,murphyi,,,,,"(Cox, 1864)", 14760,Nicrophorus americanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SILPHIDAE,Nicrophorus,americanus,,,,,"Olivier, 1790", 14767,Ningbingia australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ningbingia,australis,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 14768,Ningbingia bulla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ningbingia,bulla,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 14769,Ningbingia dentiens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ningbingia,dentiens,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 14770,Ningbingia laurina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ningbingia,laurina,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 14771,Ningbingia octava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ningbingia,octava,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 14772,Ningbingia res,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ningbingia,res,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 14793,Niphargobates orophobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargobates,orophobata,,,,,"Sket, 1981", 14794,Niphargobates lefkodemonaki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargobates,lefkodemonaki,,,,,"Sket, 1990", 14795,Niphargus aberrans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,aberrans,,,,,"Sket, 1972", 14797,Niphargus hadzii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,hadzii,,,,,"Rejic, 1956", 14799,Niphargus timavi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,timavi,,,,,"S.Karaman, 1954", 14806,Niphargus hrabei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,hrabei,,,,,"S.Karaman, 1932", 14801,Niphargus spoeckeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,spoeckeri,,,,,"Schellenberg, 1933", 14808,Nirodia belphegor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Nirodia,belphegor,,,,,"(Westwood, 1851)", 14802,Niphargus sphagnicolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,sphagnicolus,,,,,"Rejic, 1956", 14809,Nitocrella stochi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,AMEIRIDAE,Nitocrella,stochi,,,,,"Pesce & Galassi, 1987", 14803,Niphargus stenopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,stenopus,,,,,"Sket, 1960", 14810,Nitocrella slovenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,AMEIRIDAE,Nitocrella,slovenica,,,,,"Petkovski, 1959", 14805,Niphargus valachicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargus,valachicus,,,,,"Dobreanu & Manolache, 1933", 14827,Nobuea kurodai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Nobuea,kurodai,,,,,"Minato & Tada, 1978", 14828,Noctepuna muensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Noctepuna,muensis,,,,,"(Hedley, 1912)","This taxon has previously been treated as a subspecies of Noctepuna poiretiana (e.g., Smith 1992). However, in the latest taxonomic treatment by Stanisic et al. (2010) it has been reinstated as a full species." 14831,Nodipecten magnificus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,PECTINIDA,PECTINIDAE,Nodipecten,magnificus,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1835)", 14836,Norfolcioconch iota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Norfolcioconch,iota,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 14837,Norfolcioconch norfolkensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Norfolcioconch,norfolkensis,,,,,"Hedley, 1899", 14849,Nothomyrmecia macrops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Nothomyrmecia,macrops,,,,,"Clark, 1934", 14859,Notodiaptomus dubius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Notodiaptomus,dubius,,,,,"Dussart & Matsumura-Tundisi, 1986", 14860,Notodiaptomus maracaibensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Notodiaptomus,maracaibensis,,,,,"Kiefer, 1954", 14871,Notopala sublineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Notopala,sublineata,,,,,"(Conrad, 1850)", 14872,Notophthalmus perstriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Notophthalmus,perstriatus,,,,,"(Bishop, 1941)", 14969,Litoria dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,dayi,,,,,"(Günther, 1897)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 15019,Obelus despreauxii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Obelus,despreauxii,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839)",The genus Obelus was revised by Ibáñez et al. (2003). 15020,Obovaria retusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obovaria,retusa,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819", 15023,Reginaia rotulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Reginaia,rotulata,,,,,"(Wright, 1899)","The taxonomic position of this species is currently under review, and it may be transferred to Fusconaria as F. rotulata (Wright, 1899)." 15025,Obovaria unicolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obovaria,unicolor,,,,,"I. Lea, 1845", 15029,Occirhenea georgiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Occirhenea,georgiana,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1832", 15117,Odontodiaptomus thomseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Odontodiaptomus,thomseni,,,,,"(Brehm, 1933)", 15129,Oecanthus laricis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Oecanthus,laricis,,,,,"Walker, 1963", 15166,Oeobia sp. nov.,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Oeobia,sp. nov.,,,,,, 15168,Oestophora ortizi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,ortizi,,,,,"Winter & Ripken, 1991","Type locality: west of Torremolinos (Málaga). Species described by De Winter & Ripken (1991) only from the type locality employing shell characters and a few generic reproductive system features. Later, Puente (1994, 1996)  provided a more accurate anatomic description of one speciemen she classified with some doubts as O. ortizi. Arrébola (1995, 1998) integrated both authors' data and provided several new sites that appreciably extended the range of the species. This author emphasized the shell differences existing between some of the specimens collected in the southernmost part of the province of Cadiz. Arrébola, Ruiz & Cárcaba (in press) explain that possible episodes of hybridism could happen between O. granesae and  O. ortizi, the later displacing the former. In fact, both species were found together in the same locality. Genetic taxonomy techniques are currently employed to elucidate the status of both and other related species." 15169,Offachloritis dryanderensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Offachloritis,dryanderensis,,,,,"Cox, 1872", 15170,Ogasawarana arata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,arata,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 15171,Ogasawarana capsula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,capsula,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 15172,Ogasawarana comes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,comes,,,,,"(Wagner, 1909)", 15173,Ogasawarana discrepans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,discrepans,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 15174,Ogasawarana microtheca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,microtheca,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1902)", 15175,Ogasawarana nitida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,nitida,,,,,"Minato, 1980", 15176,Ogasawarana ogasawarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,ogasawarana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 15177,Ogasawarana optima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,optima,,,,,"(Wagner, 1905)", 15178,Ogasawarana chichijimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,chichijimana,,,,,"Minato, 1980", 15179,Ogasawarana habei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,habei,,,,,"Minato, 1980", 15180,Ogasawarana hirasei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,hirasei,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 15181,Ogasawarana metamorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,metamorpha,,,,,"Minato, 1980", 15182,Ogasawarana rex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,rex,,,,,"Minato, 1980", 15183,Ogasawarana yoshiwarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Ogasawarana,yoshiwarana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 15184,Ogilbia galapagosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,galapagosensis,,,,,"(Poll & LeLeup, 1965)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Bythitidae to Dinematichthyidae. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 31May2022 

This species is closely related to Ogilbia deroyi and further taxonomic work is needed to clarify the differences (Møller et al. 2005)." 15187,Ohridohauffenia drimica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohauffenia,drimica,,,,,"(Radoman, 1964)","

Radoman (1985) considered this species to be distinct from the other five taxa in genus Ohridohauffenia and its distribution is different based on the distributional data given in Radoman (1985).


" 15191,Oleacina guadeloupensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OLEACINIDAE,Oleacina,guadeloupensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1856", 15270,Omphalotropis albocarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,albocarinata,,,,,"Mousson, 1873", 15271,Omphalotropis carolinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,carolinensis,,,,,"Smith, 1891", 15273,Omphalotropis cookei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,cookei,,,,,"Abbott, 1949", 15274,Omphalotropis elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,elegans,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15275,Omphalotropis elongatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,elongatula,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15276,Omphalotropis erosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,erosa,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15278,Omphalotropis fragilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,fragilis,,,,,"(Pease, 1860)", 15279,Omphalotropis gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,gracilis,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15280,Omphalotropis guamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,guamensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1857", 15281,Omphalotropis howeinsulae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,howeinsulae,,,,,"T. Iredale, 1944", 15283,Omphalotropis laevigata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,laevigata,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15284,Omphalotropis laticosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,laticosta,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15285,Omphalotropis latilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,latilabris,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15286,Omphalotropis mutica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,mutica,,,,,"Möllendorff, 1897", 15287,Omphalotropis ochthogyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,ochthogyra,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15288,Omphalotropis picta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,picta,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15289,Omphalotropis pilosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,pilosa,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15290,Omphalotropis quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,quadrasi,,,,,"Möllendorff, 1894", 15291,Omphalotropis semicostulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,semicostulata,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894",Was incorrectly spelt on IUCN Red Lists prior to 2007 as Omphalotropis semicostata. 15292,Omphalotropis striatapila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,striatapila,,,,,"Mollendorff, 1897", 15293,Omphalotropis submaritima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,submaritima,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15295,Omphalotropis suturalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,suturalis,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 15296,Omphalotropis tumidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,tumidula,,,,,"Möllendorff, 1897", 15297,Omphalotropis plicosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,plicosa,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1852", 15298,Omphalotropis hieroglyphica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,hieroglyphica,,,,,"Potiez & Michaud, 1838", 15308,Onchotelson spatulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,PHREATOICIDAE,Onchotelson,spatulatus,,,,,"Nicholls, 1944", 15307,Onchotelson brevicaudatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,PHREATOICIDAE,Onchotelson,brevicaudatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1909)", 15316,Oncorhynchus apache,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,apache,,,,,"(Miller, 1972)", 15318,Oncorhynchus gilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,gilae,,,,,"(Miller, 1950)", 15320,Oncorhynchus iwame,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,iwame,,,,,"Kimura & Nakamura, 1961", 15323,Oncorhynchus formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,formosanus,,,,,"(Jordan & Oshima, 1919)","Eschmeyer records this species as a synonym of Oncorhynchus masou. FishBase records the species as O. masou formosanus following Shen (1993). Kottelat (pers. comm., 2001) treats this as a good species for the reasons discussed in Kottelat (1997) for European salmonids. Treated as subspecies by Taiwanese authors, but does not make biological sense. It is a diagnosable lineage, endemic to Taiwan. So, left as a valid species." 15329,Onychodiaptomus louisianensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Onychodiaptomus,louisianensis,,,,,"M.S. Wilson & W.G. Moore, 1953", 15335,Onychogomphus assimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,assimilis,,,,,"(Schneider, 1845)", 15336,Onychogomphus macrodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,macrodon,,,,,"Selys, 1887", 15349,Opanara altiapica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,altiapica,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15350,Opanara areaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,areaensis,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15351,Opanara bitridentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,bitridentata,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15352,Opanara caliculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,caliculata,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15353,Opanara depasoapicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,depasoapicata,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15354,Opanara duplicidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,duplicidentata,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15355,Opanara fosbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,fosbergi,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15356,Opanara megomphala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,megomphala,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 153569,Bufotes siculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,siculus,,,,,"(Stöck, Sicilia, Belfiore, Buckley, Lo Brutto, Lo Valvo & Arculeo, 2008)",This species was formerly included in Bufo viridis. 15357,Opanara perahuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Opanara,perahuensis,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 153570,Bufotes turanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,turanensis,,,,,"(Hemmer, Schmidtler & Böhme, 1978)", 153601,Euastacus dalagarbe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,dalagarbe,,,,,"Coughran, 2005", 153602,Engaeus victoriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,victoriensis,,,,,"Smith & Schuster, 1913", 153603,Engaeus mairener,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,mairener,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 153604,Euastacus reductus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,reductus,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 153607,Ombrastacoides ingressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,ingressus,,,,,"Hansen & Richardson, 2006", 153608,Engaeus yabbimunna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,yabbimunna,,,,,"Horwitz, 1994", 153609,Euastacus gumar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,gumar,,,,,"Morgan, 1997", 153610,Cherax pallidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,pallidus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1949", 153612,Ombrastacoides parvicaudatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,parvicaudatus,,,,,"Hansen & Richardson, 2006", 153613,Euastacus gamilaroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,gamilaroi,,,,,"Morgan, 1997", 153614,Paranephrops zealandicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Paranephrops,zealandicus,,,,,"(White, 1847)", 153617,Samastacus spinifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Samastacus,spinifrons,,,,,"(Philippi, 1882)", 153618,Engaeus sericatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,sericatus,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 153619,Cherax dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,dispar,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 153621,Cambarellus chihuahuae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,chihuahuae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1980", 153622,Ombrastacoides pulcher,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,pulcher,,,,,"(Riek, 1967)", 153624,Cherax rhynchotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,rhynchotus,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 153625,Engaeus affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,affinis,,,,,"Smith & Schuster, 1913",Taxonomic clarifications are required to be more precise about the distribution of this species (P. Horwitz pers. comm. 2009). 153626,Procambarus niveus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,niveus,,,,,"Hobbs & Villalobos, 1964", 153628,Cambarellus texanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,texanus,,,,,"Albaugh & Black, 1973", 153629,Virilastacus araucanius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Virilastacus,araucanius,,,,,"(Faxon, 1914)",This species was first described as Parastacus araucanius by Faxon 1914. The name was then changed to Samastacus araucanius Riek 1971. Its current name (Virilastacus araucanius) was first used by Hobbs 1991. 153630,Euastacus woiwuru,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,woiwuru,,,,,"Morgan, 1986", 153631,Euastacus yanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,yanga,,,,,"Morgan, 1997","Morgan (1997) noted the species to be extraordinarily variable across its range, both within and between populations. He acknowledged the possibility that more than one species was regarded as this species in his revision, but on morphological grounds treated them as a single polytypic species. Coughran (2008b) also discussed the possibility that the species may represent several taxa, and discussed the unusual variation in the cuticle partition for the species (a character generally considered to be the most reliable morphological character for the genus). Examination of population genetics is required to clarify the taxonomic status of the species (J. Coughran and J.M. Furse pers.comm 2009)." 153632,Euastacus kershawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,kershawi,,,,,"Smith, 1912", 153633,Ombrastacoides brevirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,brevirostris,,,,,"Hansen and Richardson, 2006", 153634,Cherax cainii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,cainii,,,,,"Austin and Ryan, 2002","This species and Cherax tenuimanus were formerly thought to be the same species (C.M. Austin pers. comm. 2008). It has recently been proposed to re-combine these species, for functional clarity but not taxonomic similarity (Molony et al. 2006)" 153635,Cambarellus ninae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,ninae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1950", 153636,Engaeus fossor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,fossor,,,,,"(Erichson, 1846)", 153637,Parastacus saffordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,saffordi,,,,,"Faxon, 1898", 153638,Euastacus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,sulcatus,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 153639,Euastacus yarraensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,yarraensis,,,,,"(McCoy, 1888)", 153640,Astacopsis tricornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacopsis,tricornis,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 153641,Parastacus varicosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,varicosus,,,,,"Faxon, 1898", 153642,Cherax cuspidatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,cuspidatus,,,,,"Riek, 1969","This species has been identified as representing two distinct taxons - Cherax cuspidatus and Cherax sp. nov (Munasinghe et al. 2004). The population which occurs from Brisbane to Coulondra has not been assessed (C.M. Austin pers. comm. 2009)." 153643,Cambaroides dauricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambaroides,dauricus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)", 153645,Euastacus guwinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,guwinus,,,,,"Morgan, 1997", 153646,Euastacus girurmulayn,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,girurmulayn,,,,,"Coughran, 2005", 153648,Pacifastacus leniusculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Pacifastacus,leniusculus,,,,,"(Dana, 1852)","Sub species:
leniusculus (Signal crayfish): Astacus leniusculus was placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, name number 2244, in Opinion 855 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (See Melville, 1968: 84).
klamathensis (Klamath Signal Crayfish)
trowbridgii: (Columbia River Signal Crayfish)

Recent genetic studies (Crandall lab) suggest that these different subspecies are in fact distinct.  Thus the P. klamathensis and P. trowbridgii might themselves be endangered whereas the P. leniusculus is more broad spread and indeed an invasive." 153649,Engaeus quadrimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,quadrimanus,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 153651,Cherax holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,holthuisi,,,,,"Lukhaup and Pekny, 2006", 153652,Engaeus fultoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,fultoni,,,,,"Smith & Schuster, 1913", 153653,Euastacus neohirsutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,neohirsutus,,,,,"Riek, 1956", 153657,Engaeus cisternarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,cisternarius,,,,,"Suter, 1977", 153658,Euastacus valentulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,valentulus,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 153660,Cherax papuanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,papuanus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1949", 153661,Spinastacoides inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Spinastacoides,inermis,,,,,"(Clark, 1939)", 153662,Engaeus karnanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,karnanga,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 153663,Ombrastacoides huonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,huonensis,,,,,"Hansen and Richardson, 2006", 153664,Engaewa subcoerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaewa,subcoerulea,,,,,"Riek, 1967", 153665,Cherax bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,bicarinatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","This species was previously known as Astacus bicarinatus (Gray 1845, Erichson 1846)" 153667,Cambarellus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,occidentalis,,,,,"Faxon, 1898", 153668,Virilastacus retamali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Virilastacus,retamali,,,,,"Rudolph and Crandall, 2007", 153669,Parastacus defossus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,defossus,,,,,"Faxon, 1898", 153670,Engaewa reducta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaewa,reducta,,,,,"Riek, 1967", 153671,Engaewa walpolea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaewa,walpolea,,,,,"Horwitz & Adams, 2000", 153672,Euastacus balanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,balanensis,,,,,"Morgan, 1988", 153673,Euastacus spinichelatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,spinichelatus,,,,,"Morgan, 1997", 153675,Parastacus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(von Martens, 1869)",This species was previously known as Astacus Brasiliensis Von Martens (1869). 153676,Euastacus guruhgi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,guruhgi,,,,,"Coughran, 2005", 153677,Engaeus cunicularius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,cunicularius,,,,,"(Erichson, 1846)", 153678,Engaeus cymus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,cymus,,,,,"(Clark, 1936)", 153680,Tenuibranchiurus glypticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Tenuibranchiurus,glypticus,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 153683,Cherax lorentzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,lorentzi,,,,,"Roux, 1911",It is uncertain if this species is separate from Cherax quadricarinatus (C.M. Austin pers. comm. 2008). 153685,Cambaroides similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambaroides,similis,,,,,"(Koelbel, 1892)", 153686,Euastacus simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,simplex,,,,,"Riek, 1956", 153687,Astacopsis franklinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacopsis,franklinii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 153688,Ombrastacoides professorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,professorum,,,,,"Hansen & Richardson, 2006", 153690,Cherax preissii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,preissii,,,,,"(Erichson, 1846)", 153691,Parastacus pilimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,pilimanus,,,,,"(von Martens, 1869)", 153692,Euastacus jagabar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,jagabar,,,,,"Coughran, 2005", 153693,Engaeus lyelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,lyelli,,,,,"(Clark, 1936)", 153695,Cambarus robustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,robustus,,,,,"Girard, 1852",Cambarus robustus is a species complex. Southern populations that are found to be undescribed species will likely require elevated conservation status (R. Thoma pers. comm.2010). 153696,Cherax urospinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,urospinosus,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 153697,Parastacus nicoleti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,nicoleti,,,,,"(Philippi, 1882)", 153698,Spinastacoides insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Spinastacoides,insignis,,,,,"(Clark, 1939)", 153699,Ombrastacoides decemdentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,decemdentatus,,,,,"Hansen and Richardson, 2006", 153700,Parastacus laevigatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,laevigatus,,,,,"Buckup and Rossi, 1980", 153701,Pacifastacus connectens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Pacifastacus,connectens,,,,,"(Faxon, 1914)", 153703,Euastacus australasiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,australasiensis,,,,,"(H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)", 153705,Cambarellus chapalanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,chapalanus,,,,,"Faxon, 1898", 153706,Euastacus rieki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,rieki,,,,,"Morgan, 1997", 153707,Euastacus spinifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,spinifer,,,,,"(Heller, 1865)", 153708,Procambarus atkinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,atkinsoni,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1913)", 153709,Parastacus pugnax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Parastacus,pugnax,,,,,"(Poeppig, 1835)",Originally described as Astacus pugnax by Poeppig (1835).


153710,Engaewa pseudoreducta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaewa,pseudoreducta,,,,,"Horwitz & Adams, 2000", 153711,Engaeus lengana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,lengana,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 153712,Cambarellus areolatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,areolatus,,,,,"Faxon, 1885", 153713,Engaeus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,tuberculatus,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 153714,Cambarellus prolixus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,prolixus,,,,,"Villalobos & Hobbs, 1981", 153716,Ombrastacoides denisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,denisoni,,,,,"Hansen & Richardson, 2006", 153718,Euastacus claytoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,claytoni,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 153719,Engaeus laevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,laevis,,,,,"(Clark, 1941)", 153720,Euastacus bidawalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,bidawalus,,,,,"Morgan, 1986", 153722,Ombrastacoides asperrimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,asperrimanus,,,,,"Hansen & Richardson, 2006", 153724,Engaeus strictifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,strictifrons,,,,,"(Clark, 1936)", 153725,Euastacus polysetosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,polysetosus,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 153726,Engaeus hemicirratulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,hemicirratulus,,,,,"Smith & Schuster, 1913", 153727,Euastacus suttoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,suttoni,,,,,"Clark, 1941", 153728,Procambarus achilli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,achilli,,,,,"López, Alvarez, Mejia-Ortiz, 2003", 153730,Cambarus monongalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,monongalensis,,,,,"Ortmann, 1905",Cambarus monongalensis is a species complex that contains at least 3 species. Once taxonomic issues are resolved some of the populations will require elevated conservation status (R. Thoma pers. comm. 2010). 153731,Cherax quinquecarinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,quinquecarinatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 153733,Euastacus hirsutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,hirsutus,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1917)", 153734,Cambarus dubius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,dubius,,,,,"Faxon, 1884","This species is a species complex (R. Thoma, T. Jones, J. Cordeiro, pers. comm. 2009)." 153735,Pacifastacus gambelii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Pacifastacus,gambelii,,,,,"(Girard, 1852)", 153736,Euastacus pilosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,pilosus,,,,,"Coughran & Leckie, 2007", 153737,Euastacus dangadi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,dangadi,,,,,"Morgan, 1997", 153739,Ombrastacoides dissitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,dissitus,,,,,"Hansen & Richardson, 2006", 153740,Ombrastacoides leptomerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Ombrastacoides,leptomerus,,,,,"(Riek, 1951)", 153741,Engaeus tayatea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,tayatea,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 153742,Gramastacus insolitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Gramastacus,insolitus,,,,,"Riek, 1972", 153743,Euastacus mirangudjin,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,mirangudjin,,,,,"Coughran, 2002", 153746,Virilastacus rucapihuelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Virilastacus,rucapihuelensis,,,,,"Rudolph and Crandall, 2005", 153747,Fallicambarus fodiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,fodiens,,,,,"(Cottle, 1863)","This is a species complex, that includes Fallicambarus hedgpethi (Hobbs 1948) and F. uhleri (Faxon 1884), which were synonomized by Hobbs and Robison (1989)." 153748,Cambarus bartonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,bartonii,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","Two subspecies of this species are recognised, Cambarus bartonii bartonii Fabricius 1798 (Common Crayfish) and C. b. cavatus Hay 1902 (Appalachian Brook Crayfish)." 153749,Engaeus merosetosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,merosetosus,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 153750,Paranephrops planifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Paranephrops,planifrons,,,,,"White, 1842", 153751,Cambaroides japonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambaroides,japonicus,,,,,"De Haan, 1841", 153752,Procambarus cubensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,cubensis,,,,,(Erichson 1846),"This species is a complex comprised of two sub species: P. cubensis cubensis (Erichson, 1846) and P. cubensis rivalis (Faxon, 1912)." 153753,Cambaroides schrenckii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambaroides,schrenckii,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 153754,Cambarus brachydactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,brachydactylus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1953", 153756,Engaeus leptorhynchus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,leptorhynchus,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 153757,Spinastacoides catinipalmus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Spinastacoides,catinipalmus,,,,,"Hansen and Richardson, 2006", 153763,Procambarus truculentus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,truculentus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1954", 153764,Orconectes limosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,limosus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1817)", 153765,Procambarus veracruzanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,veracruzanus,,,,,"Villalobos, 1954", 153766,Procambarus hirsutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hirsutus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1958", 153767,Procambarus sbordonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,sbordonii,,,,,"Hobbs, 1977", 153768,Fallicambarus devastator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,devastator,,,,,"Hobbs & Whiteman, 1987", 153769,Procambarus pubischelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pubischelae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942","This species is part of a species complex consisting of Procambarus pubischlae publischalae (Hobbs 1942) and Procambarus pubischelae deficiens (Hobbs 1942)." 153770,Cambarus ortmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,ortmanni,,,,,"Williamson, 1907", 153771,Fallicambarus oryktes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,oryktes,,,,,"Penn & Marlow, 1959","Although this is a distinct species, the exact relationships between Fallicambarus burrisi, F. byersi, F. danielae, F. gordoni and this species needs to be determined (K. Crandall pers. comm. 2009)." 153772,Orconectes williamsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,williamsi,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1966", 153773,Troglocambarus maclanei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Troglocambarus,maclanei,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153774,Orconectes burri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,burri,,,,,"Taylor & Sabaj, 1998", 153775,Procambarus tulanei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,tulanei,,,,,"Penn, 1953", 153776,Cambarus cumberlandensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,cumberlandensis,,,,,"Hobbs & Bouchard, 1973", 153777,Procambarus digueti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,digueti,,,,,"Bouvier, 1897", 153778,Cambarus sphenoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,sphenoides,,,,,"Hobbs, 1968", 153779,Distocambarus hunteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Distocambarus,hunteri,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Eversole, 1997", 153780,Procambarus blandingii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,blandingii,,,,,"(Harlan, 1830)", 153781,Orconectes obscurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,obscurus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153782,Procambarus chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,chacei,,,,,"Hobbs, 1958","This species was synonymized with Procambarus enoplosternum Hobbs by Hobbs (1981:388); the reasons cited were presented on page 398. On the basis of additional materials from South Carolina, there is reason to question this action; therefore, P. chacei was retained by Hobbs (1989) tentatively." 153783,Cambarus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,acuminatus,,,,,"Faxon, 1884","This is a species complex currently under investigation by Dr. J.E. Cooper at the North Carolina State Museum as some confusion exists as to the synonymy of several species of Cambarus (Lieb et al. 2008), in addition to subpopulations of this species. A genetic assessment is currently underway by Dr James W. Fetzner of all known populations of this species (R. Thoma pers. comm. 2010). Dr J.E. Cooper is currently preparing new species manuscripts (R. Thoma pers. comm. 2010)." 153784,Orconectes validus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,validus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1914)", 153785,Procambarus hinei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hinei,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1905)", 153786,Procambarus verrucosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,verrucosus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1952", 153787,Procambarus chacalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,chacalli,,,,,"López-Mejia, Alvarez and Mejia-Ortiz, 2004", 153788,Procambarus ortmannii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,ortmannii,,,,,"(Villalobos, 1949)", 153789,Procambarus litosternum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,litosternum,,,,,"Hobbs, 1947", 153790,Procambarus xochitlanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,xochitlanae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1975", 153791,Cambarus angularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,angularis,,,,,"Hobbs & Bouchard, 1994", 153792,Procambarus citlaltepetl,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,citlaltepetl,,,,,"Rojas, Alvarez & Villalobos, 1999", 153793,Procambarus olmecorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,olmecorum,,,,,"Hobbs, 1987", 153794,Cambarus coosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,coosae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 153795,Procambarus mirandai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,mirandai,,,,,"Villalobos, 1954", 153796,Procambarus bivittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,bivittatus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153797,Procambarus mancus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,mancus,,,,,"Hobbs and Walton, 1957", 153798,Fallicambarus caesius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,caesius,,,,,"Hobbs, 1975", 153799,Orconectes palmeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,palmeri,,,,,(Faxon),"This species has three recognized subspecies, namely the Creole Painted Crayfish Orconectes palmeri creolanus (Creaser 1933), the Western Painted Crayfish Orconectes palmeri longimanus (Faxon 1898) and the Gray-Speckled Crayfish Orconectes palmeri palmeri (Faxon 1884). 

It is very difficult to distinguish this species from O. hobbsi in southwestern Mississippi and the Ponchartrain drainages of Louisiana.  However, clarification of this taxonomic issue will not change the status of this species. 

" 153800,Cambarus causeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,causeyi,,,,,"Reimer, 1966", 153801,Procambarus hoffmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hoffmani,,,,,"(Villalobos, 1944)", 153802,Cambarellus patzcuarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,patzcuarensis,,,,,"Villalobos, 1943", 153803,Cambarus gentryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,gentryi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1970", 153804,Procambarus erichsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,erichsoni,,,,,"Villalobos, 1950", 153805,Cambarus conasaugaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,conasaugaensis,,,,,"Hobbs & Hobbs, 1962", 153806,Cambarus eeseeohensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,eeseeohensis,,,,,"Thoma, 2005", 153807,Orconectes neglectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,neglectus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1885)","This species is recognised as two subspecies; namely the Gapped Ringed Crayfish Orconectes neglectus chaenodactylus Williams, 1952 and the Ringed Crayfish Orconectes neglectus neglectus (Faxon, 1885)." 153808,Fallicambarus dissitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,dissitus,,,,,"(Penn, 1955)", 153809,Distocambarus crockeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Distocambarus,crockeri,,,,,"Hobbs & Carlson, 1983", 153810,Procambarus zapoapensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,zapoapensis,,,,,"Villalobos, 1954","In the absence of evidence on intergradation between this crayfish and Procambarus ruthveni, it is accorded specific rank herein (M .López-Mejía, F. Alvarez. and C. Pedraza-Lara pers. comm. 2009)." 153811,Cambarus hystricosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,hystricosus,,,,,"Cooper & Cooper, 2003", 153812,Cambarus veitchorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,veitchorum,,,,,"Cooper & Cooper, 1997", 153813,Procambarus curdi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,curdi,,,,,"Reimer, 1975", 153814,Cambarus diogenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,diogenes,,,,,"Girard, 1852","This species is contained within a species complex that requires considerable attention (Hobbs 1989)." 153815,Cambarellus zempoalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,zempoalensis,,,,,"Villalobos, 1943", 153816,Cambarellus montezumae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,montezumae,,,,,"Saussure, 1857","This species is thought to be part of a species complex (M.  López-Mejía., F. Alvarez. and C. Pedraza-Lara pers. comm. 2009)." 153817,Procambarus caritus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,caritus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 153818,Cambarus acanthura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,acanthura,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981",This species is a regarded as a distinct species within its taxonomically confused subgenus. Other new species within the subgenus Tubericambarus are in the process of being described (R. Thoma pers. comm. 2010). 153819,Procambarus vazquezae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,vazquezae,,,,,"Villalobos, 1954", 153820,Cambarus sciotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,sciotensis,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 153821,Procambarus viaeviridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,viaeviridis,,,,,"(Faxon, 1914)", 153822,Procambarus pilosimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pilosimanus,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1906)",This species is easy to identify (F. Alvarez pers. comm. 2009). 153823,Procambarus caballeroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,caballeroi,,,,,Villalobos 1944, 153824,Procambarus raneyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,raneyi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1953", 153825,Cambarellus alvarezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,alvarezi,,,,,"Villalobos, 1952", 153826,Orconectes difficilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,difficilis,,,,,"(Faxon, 1898)","This species used to be a species complex comprised of four subspecies: O. difficilis difficilis, O. d. maletae, O. d. hathawayi and O. d. blacki (Walls 1985) but each subspecies has since been upgraded to species level (Fitzpatrick 1987)." 153827,Procambarus bouvieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,bouvieri,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1909)", 153828,Procambarus alleni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,alleni,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 153829,Orconectes theaphionensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,theaphionensis,,,,,"Simon, Timm and Morris, 2005", 153830,Cambarus manningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,manningi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 153831,Orconectes virilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,virilis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153832,Procambarus medialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,medialis,,,,,"Hobbs, 1975","Originally reported (1958) as intergrade populations between P. ""pearsei pearsei"" and P. ""pearsei plumimanus"", but Hobbs (1975) elevated plumimanus to full species and designated the ""intergrade"" populations as P. medialis after collection of additional specimens from additional localities." 153833,Procambarus lunzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lunzi,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1940)", 153834,Orconectes placidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,placidus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153835,Orconectes rusticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,rusticus,,,,,"(Girard, 1852)", 153836,Cambarellus schmitti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,schmitti,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153837,Procambarus teziutlanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,teziutlanensis,,,,,"(Villalobos, 1947)", 153838,Fallicambarus byersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,byersi,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1941)", 153839,Cambarus doughertyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,doughertyensis,,,,,"Cooper & Skelton, 2003", 153840,Orconectes illinoiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,illinoiensis,,,,,"Brown, 1956", 153841,Procambarus paeninsulanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,paeninsulanus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1914)", 153842,Procambarus epicyrtus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,epicyrtus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1958", 153843,Procambarus planirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,planirostris,,,,,"Penn, 1953", 153844,Procambarus howellae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,howellae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1952", 153845,Procambarus okaloosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,okaloosae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153846,Procambarus geminus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,geminus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1975", 153847,Orconectes erichsonianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,erichsonianus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1898)", 153848,Orconectes hobbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,hobbsi,,,,,"Penn, 1950","

Walls (2009) states that it is difficult to sperate O. palmeri from O. hobbsi at a species level.   Therefore, it is hard to definitively assign museum specimens to either species. 

" 153849,Orconectes ronaldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,ronaldi,,,,,"Taylor, 2000","This species was formerly part of the Orconectes juvenilis complex (Taylor 2000)." 153850,Cambarus carolinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,carolinus,,,,,"(Erichson, 1846)","The taxonomy of this species has been uncertain since it was first discovered by Erichson in 1846 (Hobbs and Bouchard 1973), although it is now better separated from Cambarus dubius taxonomically, and faces limited or no immediate threats." 153851,Procambarus troglodytes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,troglodytes,,,,,"(LeConte, 1856)", 153852,Cambarus hamulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,hamulatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1881)", 153853,Cambarus tuckasegee,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,tuckasegee,,,,,"Cooper & Schofield, 2002", 153854,Cambarus jezerinaci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,jezerinaci,,,,,"Thoma, 2000","Kentucky populations of Cambarus parvoculus may actually be this species according to preliminary genetic data from Roger Thoma (Taylor and Schuster 2004, C. Taylor, pers. comm. 2008). Recent genetic analysis has revealed that this species and C. parvoculus are separate species with Virginia populations of this species showing considerable genetic difference from Kentucky populations and rostral morphology also indicating the species are separate (Thoma and Fetzner 2008).  Other previously mentioned character states (Thoma 2000) and potential new character states were investigated and were found to not be significantly different for the two nominal species. A third, genetically identical species has been discovered, currently retained as C. jezerinaci, in an area between the ranges of C. jezerinaci and C. parvoculus in Tennessee between Pine and Cumberland Mountains (Thoma and Fetzner 2008)." 153855,Orconectes medius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,medius,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 153856,Orconectes hylas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,hylas,,,,,"(Faxon, 1890)", 153857,Orconectes stygocaneyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,stygocaneyi,,,,,"Hobbs III, 2001", 153858,Orconectes nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,nana,,,,,"Williams, 1952","Hayes (1973) reported what he interpreted to be intergrade populations between O. nana and O. macrus in Delaware and Ottawa Counties, Oklahoma, but in his recent revision of the genus, Fitzpatrick (1987) maintained specific status for these crayfishes." 153859,Procambarus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153860,Cambarus englishi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,englishi,,,,,"Hobbs and Hall, 1972", 153861,Orconectes etnieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,etnieri,,,,,"Bouchard & Bouchard, 1976", 153862,Procambarus penni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,penni,,,,,"Hobbs, 1951", 153863,Cambarus parvoculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,parvoculus,,,,,"Hobbs and Shoup, 1947", 153864,Procambarus suttkusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,suttkusi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1953", 153865,Orconectes spinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,spinosus,,,,," (Bundy, 1877)", 153866,Procambarus spiculifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,spiculifer,,,,,"(LeConte, 1856)", 153867,Cambarus brimleyorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,brimleyorum,,,,,"Cooper, 2006", 153868,Procambarus incilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,incilis,,,,,"Penn, 1962", 153869,Cambarus buntingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,buntingi,,,,,"Bouchard, 1973","There is some question as to whether populations from Anderson, Clairborne, Campbell, and Scott counties, Tennessee (Williams et al. 2007) and the North Fork Powell River and Guest River in Virginia (Winston et al. 1997), might be another undescribed species." 153870,Procambarus contrerasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,contrerasi,,,,,"(Creaser, 1931)", 153871,Procambarus kensleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,kensleyi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1990", 153872,Procambarus llamasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,llamasi,,,,,Villalobos 1954,The taxonomy of this species is currently under revision (M. Mejia-Lopez pers. comm. 2009) 153873,Procambarus hybus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hybus,,,,,"Hobbs and Walton, 1957", 153874,Orconectes pellucidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,pellucidus,,,,,"(Tellkampf, 1844)", 153875,Procambarus lepidodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lepidodactylus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1947", 153876,Procambarus catemacoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,catemacoensis,,,,,"Rojas, Alvarez & Villalobos, 2000", 153877,Procambarus clarkii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,clarkii,,,,,"(Girard, 1852)", 153878,Faxonella beyeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Faxonella,beyeri,,,,,"(Penn, 1950)", 153879,Procambarus pallidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pallidus,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1940)", 153880,Orconectes rafinesquei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,rafinesquei,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 153881,Orconectes leptogonopodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,leptogonopodus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1948", 153882,Cambarus maculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,maculatus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1988", 153883,Orconectes virginiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,virginiensis,,,,,"Hobbs, 1951", 153884,Orconectes macrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,macrus,,,,,"Williams, 1952","Hayes (1973) reported what he interpreted to be intergrade populations between O. nana and O. macrus in Delaware and Ottawa counties, Oklahoma, but in his recent revision of the genus, Fitzpatrick (1987) maintained specific status for these crayfishes" 153885,Procambarus braswelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,braswelli,,,,,"Cooper, 1998","This species was previously assigned to P. lepidodactylus (Cooper, 1998)." 153886,Cambarus tenebrosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,tenebrosus,,,,,"Hay, 1902", 153887,Procambarus lylei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lylei,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Hobbs, 1971", 153888,Procambarus xilitlae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,xilitlae,,,,,"Hobbs and Grubbs, 1982", 153889,Fallicambarus macneesei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,macneesei,,,,,"(Black, 1967)", 15389,Opisthopatus roseus,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATOPSIDAE,Opisthopatus,roseus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1947", 153890,Procambarus cavernicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,cavernicola,,,,,"Mejía-Ortíz, Hartnoll & Viccon-Pale, 2003", 153891,Cambarus striatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,striatus,,,,,"Hay, 1902", 153892,Procambarus toltecae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,toltecae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1943", 153893,Orconectes propinquus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,propinquus,,,,,"(Girard, 1852)", 153894,Fallicambarus kountzeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,kountzeae,,,,,"Johnson, 2008", 153895,Orconectes rhoadesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,rhoadesi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1949", 153896,Procambarus petersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,petersi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 153897,Procambarus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,paradoxus,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1906)", 153898,Fallicambarus jeanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,jeanae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1973","Fallicambarus spectrum appears to represent only a distinctive color morph of this species and is therefore placed herein in the synonomy of it by Hobbs and Robison (1989)." 153899,Procambarus vioscai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,vioscai,,,,,"Penn, 1946","This species is comprised of two subspecies: Procambarus vioscai vioscai (Penn 1946) and P. v. paynei (Fitzpatrick 1990)." 153900,Procambarus dupratzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,dupratzi,,,,,"Penn, 1953", 153901,Cambarus reflexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,reflexus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 153902,Orconectes acares,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,acares,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1965", 153903,Cambarus hubrichti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,hubrichti,,,,,"Hobbs, 1952", 153904,Cambarus obstipus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,obstipus,,,,,"Hall, 1959", 153905,Orconectes putnami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,putnami,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)","Following Ortmann (1931), this species has been largely relegated to synonymy with Orconectes juvenilis (Hagen). Even Rhoades, in using the combination Orconectes putnami for the first time, considered it a synonym of O. juvenilis. Not until 1972 was it proposed that it again be accorded specific status, but its range and that of the closely allied O. spinosus have not been adequately invsetigated." 153906,Procambarus hayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hayi,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 153907,Orconectes carolinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,carolinensis,,,,,"Cooper & Cooper, 1995", 153908,Cambarus graysoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,graysoni,,,,,"Faxon, 1914", 153909,Cambarus johni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,johni,,,,,"Cooper, 2006", 153910,Orconectes sanbornii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,sanbornii,,,,,Hobbs & Fitzpatrick 1962,This species is no longer considered to be made up of the two subspecies commonly discussed in the literature. Jezerinac et al. (1995) reported that they are not considered true subspecies as they are not geographically restricted. 153911,Orconectes pagei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,pagei,,,,,"Taylor and Sabaj, 1997", 153912,Procambarus clemmeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,clemmeri,,,,,"Hobbs, 1975","There is some difficulty in seperating  this species and P. penni as they are morphologically similar (Taylor and Adams pers. comm.2009)." 153913,Cambarus girardianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,girardianus,,,,,"Faxon, 1884", 153914,Cambarus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,hubbsi,,,,,"Creaser, 1931", 153915,Faxonella blairi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Faxonella,blairi,,,,,"Hayes & Reimer, 1977", 153916,Procambarus ouachitae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,ouachitae,,,,,"Penn, 1954", 153917,Procambarus lewisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lewisi,,,,,"Hobbs and Walton, 1959", 153918,Procambarus versutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,versutus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153919,Cambarus friaufi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,friaufi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1953", 153920,Cambarus distans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,distans,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 153921,Procambarus rodriguezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,rodriguezi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1943", 153922,Procambarus pycnogonopodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pycnogonopodus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153923,Orconectes tricuspis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,tricuspis,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 153924,Procambarus cuevachicae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,cuevachicae,,,,,(Hobbs 1941),"There is significant taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species.  It was previously classified as a subspecies of Procambarus acutus (Hobbs 1989), although, more recently it has been treated as a separate species (Hobbs and Hobbs 1995).  However, taxonomic revision of the whole P. acutus group is required (C. Taylor pers. comm. 2009). This species is accepted as a seperate species (M. López-Mejía, F. Alvarez. and C. Pedraza-Lara pers. comm. 2009).
" 153925,Orconectes immunis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,immunis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153926,Cambarus polychromatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,polychromatus,,,,,"Thoma, Jezerinac and Simon, 2005", 153927,Procambarus simulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,simulans,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)","This is a species complex comprising of Procambarus simulans regionmontanus (Villalobos, 1954) and Procambarus simulans simulans (Faxon, 1884). The range of this crayfish is by no means clearly defined." 153928,Orconectes indianensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,indianensis,,,,,"(Hay, 1896)", 153929,Procambarus capillatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,capillatus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1971", 153930,Orconectes chickasawae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,chickasawae,,,,,"Cooper & Hobbs, 1980","

The taxonomy of the subgenus Trisellescens is poorly understood, with further information the range of this species may be dramatically reduced, from that assessed here (S. Adams, G. Schuster and C. Taylor pers. comm. 2009).

" 153931,Cambarellus puer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,puer,,,,,"Hobbs, 1941", 153932,Cambarus clivosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,clivosus,,,,,"Taylor, Soucek and Organ, 2006", 153933,Cambarus reduncus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,reduncus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1956", 153934,Procambarus lecontei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lecontei,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153935,Cambarus thomai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,thomai,,,,,"Jezerinac, 1993", 153936,Procambarus regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,regalis,,,,,"Hobbs & Robison, 1988","This species may in fact be synonymous with P. steigmani (D. Johnson pers. comm. 2010)." 153937,Distocambarus carlsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Distocambarus,carlsoni,,,,,"Hobbs, 1983", 153938,Procambarus machardyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,machardyi,,,,,"Walls, 2006", 153939,Orconectes mirus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,mirus,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1931)", 153940,Procambarus tlapacoyanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,tlapacoyanensis,,,,,"(Villalobos, 1947)", 153941,Procambarus seminolae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,seminolae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153942,Orconectes harrisonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,harrisonii,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 153943,Procambarus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Erichson, 1846)",This species is thought to be part of a species complex. work is currently being done on the taxonomy of this species (Mejia-Lopez pers. comm. 2009). 153944,Orconectes luteus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,luteus,,,,,"(Creaser, 1933)","Although differing populations are somewhat distinct genetically, the species is valid taxonomically (Fetzner and Crandall 1999)." 153945,Procambarus lophotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lophotus,,,,,"Hobbs and Walton, 1960", 153946,Procambarus youngi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,youngi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153947,Procambarus roberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,roberti,,,,,"Villalobos & Hobbs, 1974", 153948,Orconectes punctimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,punctimanus,,,,,"(Creaser, 1933)", 153949,Faxonella clypeata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Faxonella,clypeata,,,,,"(Hay, 1899)", 153950,Procambarus parasimulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,parasimulans,,,,,"Hobbs & Robinson, 1986", 153951,Procambarus enoplosternum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,enoplosternum,,,,,"Hobbs, 1947", 153952,Procambarus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,gracilis,,,,,"(Bundy, 1876)", 153953,Orconectes alabamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,alabamensis,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 153954,Orconectes juvenilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,juvenilis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)",This species was formerly part of a complex but is now recognized as a distinct species by Taylor (2000). 153955,Procambarus villalobosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,villalobosi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1969", 153956,Cambarus jonesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,jonesi,,,,,"Hobbs and Barr, 1960","Two new species, Cambarus speleocoopi and Cambarus laconensis, have been described from Marshall County, Alabama that were formerly attributed to this species (Buhay et al. 2007, Buhay and Crandall 2009)." 153958,Procambarus hortonhobbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hortonhobbsi,,,,,"Villalobos, 1950", 153959,Procambarus jaculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,jaculus,,,,,"Hobbs and Walton, 1957", 153960,Procambarus marthae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,marthae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1975", 153961,Procambarus fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,fallax,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153962,Orconectes sheltae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,sheltae,,,,,"Cooper & Cooper, 1997", 153963,Procambarus pearsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pearsei,,,,,"(Creaser, 1934)", 153964,Cambarus halli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,halli,,,,,"Hobbs, 1968", 153965,Orconectes perfectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,perfectus,,,,,"Walls, 1972", 153969,Procambarus pubescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pubescens,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 153970,Orconectes lancifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,lancifer,,,,,"(Hagen, 1870)", 153971,Cambarus crinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,crinipes,,,,,"Bouchard, 1973", 153972,Barbicambarus cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Barbicambarus,cornutus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)","In 1972 Bouchard elevated this species from the genus Cambarus to Barbicambarus due to its unique characteristics (Bouchard 1972, Hobbs 1974)." 153973,Cambarus hobbsorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,hobbsorum,,,,,"Cooper, 2001","This species was formerly subsumed under Cambarus acuminatus Faxon, 1884, but questioned by Hobbs and Peters (1977) and Cooper and Braswell (1995) was and subsequently resurrected by Cooper (2001)." 153974,Orconectes longidigitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,longidigitus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1898)", 153975,Procambarus ceruleus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,ceruleus,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Wicksten, 1998", 153976,Procambarus ancylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,ancylus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1972", 153977,Procambarus hidalgoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hidalgoensis,,,,,"López-Mejía et al., 2005", 153978,Procambarus shermani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,shermani,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 153979,Cambarus longulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,longulus,,,,,"Girard, 1852", 153980,Procambarus kilbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,kilbyi,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1940)", 153981,Orconectes pardalotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,pardalotus,,,,,"Wetzel, Poly & Fetzner, 2005", 153982,Cambarus rusticiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,rusticiformis,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 153983,Cambarus longirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,longirostris,,,,,"Faxon, 1885","This species is likely a species complex which potentially includes some undescribed species (R. Thoma, T. Jones, J. Cordeiro, pers. comm. 2009)." 153984,Orconectes forceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,forceps,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 153985,Cambarus lenati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,lenati,,,,,"Cooper, 2000", 153986,Procambarus liberorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,liberorum,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1978","Genetic analyses reveal that Procambarus ferrugineus is a junior synonym of this species.  In addition, nested clade phylogeographic analysis and population genetic analysis suggest this species has had three rounds of range expansion throughout inferred evolutionary history and that three potentially new cryptic species from southwestern Arkansas are currently inappropriately nested within the confines of the current description of the species (Crandall et al. 2009).  New species descriptions may be warranted (G. Schuster and C. Taylor pers. comm. 2009)." 153987,Procambarus gonopodcristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,gonopodcristatus,,,,,Villalobos 1958, 153988,Orconectes ozarkae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,ozarkae,,,,,"Williams, 1952", 153989,Orconectes hathawayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,hathawayi,,,,,"Penn, 1952","

Walls (2009) considered this species to have two subspecies, O. h. hathawayi to the east, O. h. blacki to the west, with an intergrade zone between the two.

" 153990,Faxonella creaseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Faxonella,creaseri,,,,,"Walls, 1968","Specimens of the genus from eastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri may represent only a local variant of Faxonella clypeata. Studies of populations in eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri are badly needed (C. Taylor, G. Schuster, pers. comm. 2009)." 153991,Procambarus hubbelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hubbelli,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1940)", 153992,Procambarus hagenianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,hagenianus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)","Procambarus hagenianus is a species complex consisting of two sub species: Procambarus hagenianus hagenianus: Southern Prairie Crayfish (Faxon, 1884) and Procambarus hagenianus vesticeps: Egyptian Crayfish Fitzpatrick 1978.

There have been problems finding the reference Fitzpatrick 1983b: 198, Figure 193." 153993,Procambarus zonangulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,zonangulus,,,,,"Hobbs and Hobbs, 1990","This species is related to the Procambarus acutus species complex; these are in need of taxonomic revision (K. Crandall pers. comm. 2009)." 153994,Procambarus acanthophorus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,acanthophorus,,,,,"Villalobos, 1948", 153996,Procambarus natchitochae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,natchitochae,,,,,"Penn, 1953", 153997,Cambarus cracens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,cracens,,,,,"Bouchard & Hobbs, 1976", 153998,Cambarus asperimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,asperimanus,,,,,"Faxon, 1914", 153999,Orconectes eupunctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,eupunctus,,,,,"Williams, 1952", 154000,Procambarus oaxacae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,oaxacae,,,,,Hobbs 1973,"This species is a species complex, consisting of  Procambarus oaxacae  Hobbs 1973 and Procambarus reddelli  Hobbs 1973 (Mejia-Ortiz et al. 2003)." 154002,Procambarus ruthveni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,ruthveni,,,,,"(Pearse, 1911)","In the absence of evidence on intergradation between this crayfish and P. (A.) zapoapensis, it is accorded specific rank (M .López-Mejía, F. Alvarez. and C. Pedraza-Lara pers. comm. 2009)." 154003,Cambarus latimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,latimanus,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1856)", 154004,Cambarus davidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,davidi,,,,,"Cooper, 2000", 154005,Procambarus williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,williamsoni,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1905)", 154006,Cambarus nodosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,nodosus,,,,,"Bouchard & Hobbs, 1976", 154007,Procambarus barbatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,barbatus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1890)","The type of LeConte's Astacus penicillatus is no longer extant. In as much as Hagen (1870) and Faxon (1884, 1885a, 1890, and 1914) confused other species with it, and, in the latter work, Faxon included members of two species in his type series of C. barbatus (=A. penicillatus), his ""Type"" was designated the neotype fo LeConte's A. penicillatus to establish the identity of the latter's species (A. Eversole pers. comm. 2009)." 154008,Cambarellus shufeldtii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,shufeldtii,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 154009,Orconectes compressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,compressus,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 154010,Procambarus acutissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,acutissimus,,,,,"(Girard, 1852)", 154011,Procambarus strenthi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,strenthi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1977", 154012,Procambarus elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,elegans,,,,,"Hobbs, 1969", 154013,Orconectes nais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,nais,,,,,"(Faxon, 1885)","The syntypes in the National Museum of Natural History are specimens collected by W.S. Newlon from the type locality and were received from the Kansas Museum of Natural History; presumably they represent a part of the lot that was said by Faxon (1914:420) to have been at Washburn College (S. Adams, G. Schuster, C. Taylor, pers. comm. 2009)." 154014,Procambarus ablusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,ablusus,,,,,"Penn, 1963", 154015,Procambarus geodytes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,geodytes,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 154016,Procambarus regiomontanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,regiomontanus,,,,,"Villalobos, 1954", 154017,Orconectes barrenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,barrenensis,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 154018,Orconectes margorectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,margorectus,,,,,"Taylor, 2002", 154019,Procambarus zihuateutlensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,zihuateutlensis,,,,,"Villalobos, 1950", 154020,Orconectes barri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,barri,,,,,"Buhay & Crandall, 2008", 154021,Orconectes causeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,causeyi,,,,,"Jester, 1967","This species appears to be indistinguishable from Orconectes virilis (Hagen). Further work needs to be done to distinguish between this species, O. virilis and O. nais (Hobbs 1974). In 1978, Unger presented evidence to suggest these were in fact distinct species." 154022,Procambarus acutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,acutus,,,,,"(Girard, 1852)","Joe Fitzpatrick Jr. was working on a taxonomic revision of this species in which he believed this species was comprised of 3 other species. Through the work of Hobbs Jr, Hobbs III, and Fitzpatrick Jr., Procambarus zonagulus (Hobbs and Hobbs 1990) has already been split off; and the Mexican species Procambarus blandingii cuevachicae has been designated as a subspecies of this species (Hobbs 1967).
" 154023,Fallicambarus houstonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,houstonensis,,,,,"Johnson, 2008", 154024,Bouchardina robisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Bouchardina,robisoni,,,,,"Hobbs, 1977", 154025,Orconectes durelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,durelli,,,,,"Bouchard & Bouchard, 1995", 154026,Procambarus leonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,leonensis,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 154027,Procambarus evermanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,evermanni,,,,,"(Faxon, 1890)", 154028,Procambarus talpoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,talpoides,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 154029,Orconectes cristavarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,cristavarius,,,,,"Taylor, 2000","This species was formerly part of the Orconectes juvenilis complex (Taylor 2000)." 154030,Cambarus ludovicianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,ludovicianus,,,,,"Faxon, 1884","This species has a range that overlaps that of Cambarus diogenes. Recently, recognition of  this species as a subspecies of C. diogenes is rejected, and specific rank has been afforded to it (Fetzner 2008)." 154031,Procambarus advena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,advena,,,,,"(LeConte, 1856)","The species was split into two taxa by Hobbs (1981), and Florida records are now considered to be for Procambarus talpoides. As pointed out by Faxon (1884:140), the descriptions of P. advena and C. carolinus were transposed in Hagen's monograph, and pl. 1:figs. 51-54 and pl. 3:fig. 165 are actually of P. advena. (see. Hobbs, 1981:311 for a detailed bibliography and explanation)." 15415,Orangia cookei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Orangia,cookei,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15416,Orangia maituatensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Orangia,maituatensis,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15417,Orangia sporadica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Orangia,sporadica,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 15422,Orconectes jeffersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,jeffersoni,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944","This species was originally described as a subspecies of Orconectes propinquus, but was elevated to a full species by Fitzpatrick (1967)." 15423,Orconectes shoupi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,shoupi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1948", 15424,Orconectes bisectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,bisectus,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 15425,Orconectes incomptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,incomptus,,,,,"Hobbs & Barr, 1972", 15426,Orconectes kentuckiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,kentuckiensis,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944", 15427,Orconectes mississippiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,mississippiensis,,,,,"(Faxon, 1884)", 15428,Orconectes saxatilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,saxatilis,,,,,"Bouchard & Bouchard, 1976", 15429,Orconectes sloanii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,sloanii,,,,,"(Bundy, 1876)", 15430,Orconectes stannardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,stannardi,,,,,"Page, 1985", 15431,Orconectes wrighti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,wrighti,,,,,"Hobbs, 1948", 15432,Orconectes jonesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,jonesi,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1992","Fitzpatrick (1972) has stated that some taxonomic uncertainty exists regarding species classification, particularly with some subpopulations in this species range." 15433,Orconectes maletae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,maletae,,,,,"Walls, 1972","The freshwater crayfish, Orconectes difficilis, formerly had four subspecies (O. difficilis blacki, O. difficilis maletae, O. difficilis hathawayi, O. difficilis difficilis) (Walls 1985), all of which were elevated to full species status (Fitzpatrick 1987, Hobbs 1989). As such, the species currently occurs in Pittsburg and Latimer Counties, Oklahoma, into Washington County, Arkansas.  Texas records are O. maletae and Louisiana records are O. hathawayi." 15434,Orconectes marchandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,marchandi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1948", 15435,Orconectes menae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,menae,,,,,"(Creaser, 1933)", 15436,Orconectes peruncus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,peruncus,,,,,"(Creaser, 1931)", 15437,Orconectes quadruncus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,quadruncus,,,,,"(Creaser, 1933)", 15439,Orconectes cooperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,cooperi,,,,,"Cooper & Hobbs, 1980", 15440,Orconectes deanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,deanae,,,,,"Reimer & Jester, 1975", 15442,Orconectes holti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,holti,,,,,"Cooper and Hobbs, 1980","This is a species complex which is currently under investigation by Dr. Chris Taylor and Professor Guenter Schuster (C. Taylor pers. comm. 2009) as there is uncertainty around whether it is a valid species, or if it is just a regional variation of Orconectes chickasawae." 15443,Orconectes packardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,packardi,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944",This subspecies was raised to species status by Buhay and Crandall (2008). 15446,Orcula austriaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,austriaca,,,,,"Zimmermann, 1932","This is a polytypic species with taxonomic problems associated with the subspecies. The currently accepted subspecies are: Orcula austriaca austriaca, O. austriaca faueri Klemm, 1967, O. austriaca goelleri Gittenberger, 1978 and O. austriaca pseudofuchsi Klemm, 1967." 15447,Orcula fuchsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,fuchsi,,,,,"Zimmermann, 1931", 15448,Orcula pseudodolium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,pseudodolium,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1912", 15449,Ordtrachia australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ordtrachia,australis,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 15450,Ordtrachia elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ordtrachia,elegans,,,,,"Solem, 1988", 15451,Ordtrachia septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Ordtrachia,septentrionalis,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 15459,Oreoglanis siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,siamensis,,,,,"Smith, 1933", 154619,Alcichthys elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Alcichthys,elongatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)", 154621,Amblygobius tekomaji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,tekomaji,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 154622,Foa madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Foa,madagascariensis,,,,,"Petit, 1931","Both Smith (1961) and Gon and Randall (2003) doubt the validity of Foa madagascariensis because of inconsistencies in Petit’s description. The two syntypes used by Petit to describe the species, have apparently been lost (Bauchot and Desoutter 1986)." 154623,Cheilinus trilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,trilobatus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801","Chelinus trilobatus is a misspelling of the species name that should not be used (FishBase 2008).

Cheilinus trilobatus has similar colouration to C. chlorourus and been misidentified as C. chlorourus (Myers 1991; Carpenter and Niem 2001)." 154625,Paraliparis plagiostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,plagiostomus,,,,,"Stein, Chernova & Andriashev, 2001", 154626,Helcogramma striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,striata,,,,,"Hansen, 1986", 154627,Cnidoglanis macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Cnidoglanis,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 154628,Uropterygius fuscoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,fuscoguttatus,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 154630,Canthigaster inframacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,inframacula,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1977", 154632,Uranoscopus oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Uranoscopus,oligolepis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1878", 154634,Johnsonina eriomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TRIACANTHODIDAE,Johnsonina,eriomma,,,,,"Myers, 1934", 154637,Callionymus leucobranchialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,leucobranchialis,,,,,"Fowler, 1941", 154639,Gobiesox canidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,canidens,,,,,"(Briggs, 1951)", 154641,Gobiodon histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,histrio,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 154642,Thalassenchelys foliaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Thalassenchelys,foliaceus,,,,,"Castle & Raju, 1975",The family placement of this species is uncertain (W. Eschmeyer pers. comm. 2009). 154643,Parenchelyurus hepburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parenchelyurus,hepburni,,,,,"(Snyder, 1908)", 154645,Careproctus herwigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,herwigi,,,,,"Andriashev, 1991", 154647,Coelorinchus occa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,occa,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)","Synonymous with Coelorinchus labiatus, however C. occa may be the separate species found in the western Atlantic (Marshall 1973)" 154651,Bathygobius aeolosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,aeolosoma,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1889)",A taxonomic revision of the Bathygobius genus is needed. 154657,Bathygobius lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,lineatus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1841)","Miller and Stefanni (2001) recognized a different subspecies at each of its three known localities: Bathygobius lineatus arundelii, B. l. lineatus and B. l. lupinus, respectively." 154664,Thamnaconus melanoproctes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,melanoproctes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)",This species may be a synonym of Thamnaconus multilineatus (K. Matsuura pers. comm. 2009). 154667,Spicara axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRACANTHIDAE,Spicara,axillaris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","The family Centracanthidae will soon be subsumed under the family Sparidae, because the centracanthid fishes are highly polyphyletic with sparid fishes (Chiba et al. 2009, Hanel and Tsigenopoulos 2011, Santini et al. 2014)." 15467,Oreohelix vortex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OREOHELICIDAE,Oreohelix,vortex,,,,,"S.S. Berry, 1932", 154672,Bathycongrus retrotinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,retrotinctus,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 154673,Bathyuroconger vicinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathyuroconger,vicinus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 154675,Balistes rotundatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Balistes,rotundatus,,,,,"Marion de Procé, 1822", 154678,Apogon sealei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,sealei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1918)", 15468,Oreohelix waltoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OREOHELICIDAE,Oreohelix,waltoni,,,,,"Solem, 1975", 154680,Dentex barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,barnardi,,,,,"Cadenat, 1970", 154688,Apogon semilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,semilineatus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1842","This species is part of a complex of similar species. Apogon semilineatus appears to be restricted to the northwest Pacific from Hong Kong to southern Japan in the Ogasawara Islands. Records from other localities are probably misidentifications, but further study is required (G.R. Allen and O. Gon. pers. comm. 2009)." 154689,Coelorinchus velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,velifer,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 15469,Oreohelix jugalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OREOHELICIDAE,Oreohelix,jugalis,,,,,"(Hemphill, 1890)", 154694,Blennodesmus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Blennodesmus,scapularis,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 154697,Xyrichtys martinicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,martinicensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 15470,Oreokera cumulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Oreokera,cumulus,,,,,"(Odhner, 1917)", 154700,Enneapterygius namarrgon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,namarrgon,,,,,"Fricke, 1997", 154701,Pseudolabrus luculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,luculentus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 15471,Oreokera nimbus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Oreokera,nimbus,,,,,"Stanisic, 1987", 154711,Bathydraco joannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BATHYDRACONIDAE,Bathydraco,joannae,,,,,"DeWitt, 1985",Gon (1990) states that Bathydraco joannae and Bathydraco antarcticus may infact be synonymous and there is little evidence to separate them. 154712,Coryphaena hippurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CORYPHAENIDAE,Coryphaena,hippurus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 154713,Stathmonotus sinuscalifornici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Stathmonotus,sinuscalifornici,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1942)", 154719,Paracheilinus togeanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,togeanensis,,,,,"Kuiter & Allen, 1999", 154720,Suezichthys bifurcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,bifurcatus,,,,,"Russell, 1986", 154722,Hemilepidotus papilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Hemilepidotus,papilio,,,,,"(Bean, 1880)", 154725,Caulolatilus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,williamsi,,,,,"Dooley & Berry, 1977", 154727,Bathypterois oddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,oddi,,,,,"Sulak, 1977", 154728,Amphistichus koelzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Amphistichus,koelzi,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1933)", 154729,Diaphus rafinesquii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,rafinesquii,,,,,"(Cocco, 1838)", 154737,Atherinella serrivomer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,serrivomer,,,,,"Chernoff, 1986", 154738,Callionymus comptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,comptus,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 154739,Cynoglossus maccullochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,maccullochi,,,,,"Norman, 1926","Menon (1977) considered Cynoglossus maccullochi Norman 1926 to be a junior subjective synonym of Cynoglossus maculipinnis Rendahl 1921; however, more recent authors (e.g., Johnson 1999, Hutchins 2001 as mccullochi, Munroe 2001 as mccullochi, Hoese and Bray 2006, Wang et al. 2016) have considered both to be valid species." 15474,Oreomava cannfluviatilus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Oreomava,cannfluviatilus,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1929)", 154740,Akarotaxis nudiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BATHYDRACONIDAE,Akarotaxis,nudiceps,,,,,"(Waite, 1916)", 154742,Lutjanus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,notatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 154746,Trimma fraena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,fraena,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1984", 15475,Oreomava otwayensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Oreomava,otwayensis,,,,,"Petterd, 1879", 154751,Oneirodes epithales,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,epithales,,,,,"Orr, 1991", 154752,Heteroconger taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,taylori,,,,,"Castle & Randall, 1995", 154753,Hypleurochilus bananensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,bananensis,,,,,"(Poll, 1959)", 154757,Callionymus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,platycephalus,,,,,"Fricke, 1983", 154758,Astrabe fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Astrabe,fasciata,,,,,"Akihito & Meguro, 1988", 154760,Chromis alpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,alpha,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 154762,Chlopsis kazuko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Chlopsis,kazuko,,,,,"Lavenberg, 1988", 154763,Axoclinus multicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Axoclinus,multicinctus,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1992", 154766,Xestochilus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Xestochilus,nebulosus,,,,,"(Smith, 1962)", 154769,Silhouettea evanida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,evanida,,,,,"Larson & Miller, 1986", 154775,Emblemariopsis signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,signifer,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1942)",It is likely that this species represents a species complex with one or more distinct species in the Caribbean region. The nominal species occurs in southeastern Brazil (J. Williams pers. comm. 2009). 15478,Oreonectes anophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oreonectes,anophthalmus,,,,,"Zheng, 1981", 154783,Artedielloides auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Artedielloides,auriculatus,,,,,"Soldatov, 1922", 154785,Pleuragramma antarctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOTOTHENIIDAE,Pleuragramma,antarctica,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 154786,Amblyeleotris callopareia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,callopareia,,,,,"Polunin & Lubbock, 1979", 154788,Hemitaurichthys thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Hemitaurichthys,thompsoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1923", 154790,Triglops forficatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Triglops,forficatus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1896)", 154796,Chaenopsis coheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,coheni,,,,,"Böhlke, 1957", 154797,Eptatretus mendozai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,mendozai,,,,,"Hensley, 1985","Fernholm and Hubbs (1981) discussed and presented a photograph of a specimen (USNM 218400) named ""Eptatretus sp. C"" off the north coast of Haiti, which they were hesitant to describe as new until more material become available. Hensley (1985) re-examined this specimen and concluded that, in spite of some meristic variations, it could be identified as E. mendozai." 154798,Thalassobathia pelagica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Thalassobathia,pelagica,,,,,"Cohen, 1963",Thalassobathia pelagica was moved from family Bythitidae to the family Ophiidae by Nielsen et al. (2010). 154801,Talismania mekistonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Talismania,mekistonema,,,,,"Sulak, 1975", 154803,Venefica tentaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Venefica,tentaculata,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 154807,Caranx crysos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,crysos,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","In the tropical Eastern Pacific, Caranx crysos is replaced by Caranx caballus (Günther 1869)" 154809,Apolemichthys kingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,kingi,,,,,"Heemstra, 1984", 154812,Amphiprion sandaracinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Amphiprion,sandaracinos,,,,,"Allen, 1972", 154813,Aphanopus mikhailini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Aphanopus,mikhailini,,,,,"Parin, 1983", 154815,Astronesthes richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,richardsoni,,,,,"(Poey, 1852)", 154817,Malacoctenus zonogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,zonogaster,,,,,"Heller & Snodgrass, 1903", 154820,Alepisaurus ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,ALEPISAURIDAE,Alepisaurus,ferox,,,,,"Lowe, 1833", 154821,Psednos andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Psednos,andriashevi,,,,,"Chernova, 2001", 154825,Eptatretus cirrhatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,cirrhatus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 154829,Parablennius yatabei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,yatabei,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1900)", 154831,Chromis punctipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,punctipinnis,,,,,"(Cooper, 1863)", 154832,Gymnapogon melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Gymnapogon,melanogaster,,,,,"Gon & Golani, 2002", 154834,Helcogramma inclinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,inclinata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1946)", 154835,Cabillus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cabillus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Weber, 1909)", 154837,Nemaclinus atelestos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Nemaclinus,atelestos,,,,,"Böhlke & Springer, 1975", 154840,Bollmannia stigmatura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,stigmatura,,,,,"Gilbert, 1892",The taxonomy of this genus is under revision. 154841,Dotalabrus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Dotalabrus,alleni,,,,,"Russell, 1988",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 154842,Tomicodon rhabdotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,rhabdotus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1969", 154846,Barbuligobius boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Barbuligobius,boehlkei,,,,,"Lachner & McKinney, 1974", 154847,Citharichthys mariajorisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,mariajorisae,,,,,"van der Heiden & Mussot-Pérez, 1995", 154849,Helcogramma springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,springeri,,,,,"Hansen, 1986", 154852,Careproctus cactiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,cactiformis,,,,,"Andriashev, 1990", 154856,Chromis pembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,pembae,,,,,"Smith, 1960", 154868,Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,rhomboidalis,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 154871,Ctenogobius thoropsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,thoropsis,,,,,"(Pezold & Gilbert, 1987)", 154872,Apogon compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,compressus,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1911)", 154876,Aioliops brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Aioliops,brachypterus,,,,,"Rennis & Hoese, 1987", 154877,Apodocreedia vanderhorsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CREEDIIDAE,Apodocreedia,vanderhorsti,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1948", 154884,Bathymaster derjugini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BATHYMASTERIDAE,Bathymaster,derjugini,,,,,"Lindberg, 1930", 154886,Synclidopus macleayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Synclidopus,macleayanus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1881)", 154887,Psednos harteli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Psednos,harteli,,,,,"Chernova, 2001", 154891,Cirrhilabrus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,lineatus,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1982", 154894,Alepocephalus owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Alepocephalus,owstoni,,,,,"Tanaka, 1908", 154895,Chelidonichthys kumu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,kumu,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",There may be genetic differences between the three fragmented populations of this species (R. Fricke pers. comm. 2008). 154899,Uropterygius wheeleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,wheeleri,,,,,"Blache, 1967", 154903,Xenomystax trucidans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Xenomystax,trucidans,,,,,"Alcock, 1894", 154904,Halichoeres ornatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,ornatissimus,,,,,"(Garrett, 1863)","

This name used to be applied to a species widely distributed in the central-west Pacific. Recently, genetic evidence indicates that this name should only be used for the Hawaiian Islands population, with the remaining populations now considered part of H. claudia (Randall & Rocha, 2009).

" 154906,Brama dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Brama,dussumieri,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831",The taxonomy and key characteristics of Brama spp. are in need of review (FAO ECA guide in prep RL Haedrich). 154907,Cetomimus teevani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetomimus,teevani,,,,,"Harry, 1952", 15491,Orestias cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,cuvieri,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 154910,Apogon neotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,neotes,,,,,"Allen, Kuiter & Randall, 1994", 154911,Coelorinchus aratrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,aratrum,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 154912,Apogon fleurieu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,fleurieu,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","This species is often confused with Ostorhinchus aureus (R. Fricke pers. comm. 2008).

According to Allen and Erdmann (2013), this species is valid as Ostorhinchus fleurieu." 154915,Teixeirichthys jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Teixeirichthys,jordani,,,,,"(Rutter, 1897)", 154916,Chaenophryne longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Chaenophryne,longiceps,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 154919,Ateleopus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ateleopus,japonicus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 15492,Orestias chungarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,chungarensis,,,,,"Vila & Pinto, 1987", 154920,Chrysiptera flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chrysiptera,flavipinnis,,,,,"(Allen & Robertson, 1974)", 154926,Xenopoclinus leprosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Xenopoclinus,leprosus,,,,,"Smith, 1961", 154927,Entomacrodus macrospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,macrospilus,,,,,"Springer, 1967", 154928,Antigonia combatia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAPROIDAE,Antigonia,combatia,,,,,"Berry & Rathjen, 1959", 154929,Benthocometes robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Benthocometes,robustus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1886)", 15493,Orestias laucaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,laucaensis,,,,,"Arratia, 1982", 154930,Batrachoides surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,surinamensis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 154933,Tetrosomus gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Tetrosomus,gibbosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 154934,Congrogadus winterbottomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Congrogadus,winterbottomi,,,,,"Gill, Mooi & Hutchins, 2000", 154935,Anacanthus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Anacanthus,barbatus,,,,,"Gray, 1830", 154939,Apterichtus kendalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Apterichtus,kendalli,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1891)", 15494,Orestias parinacotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,parinacotensis,,,,,"Arratia, 1982", 154943,Heteroclinus whiteleggii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,whiteleggii,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1894)","Heteroclinus fasciatus is a synonym of Heteroclinus whiteleggii (Ogilby 1894)." 154946,Scomberomorus queenslandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,queenslandicus,,,,,"Munro, 1943","Early records (before 1943) were recorded under Scomberomorus guttatus." 154947,Ecsenius trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,trilineatus,,,,,"Springer, 1972", 154948,Astronesthes indopacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,indopacificus,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1997", 154950,Acyrtops amplicirrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Acyrtops,amplicirrus,,,,,"Briggs, 1955","What is currently known as Acyrtops amplicirrus may be two distinct species; one from the western Caribbean and one from Florida. The differences between the two sub-populations are slight, and may be due to environmental factors; a synoptic study is needed to clarify the taxonomy of this (these) species (Johnson and Greenfield 1983). A revision of the Acyrtops genus is currently underway; some workers question the validity of A. amplicirrus and its distribution is not clearly understood as a result (K. Conway pers. comm. 2015)." 154952,Apogonichthys ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogonichthys,ocellatus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 154954,Thalassoma lucasanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,lucasanum,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 154957,Hypsoblennius striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,striatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 154958,Heteroclinus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CLINIDAE,Heteroclinus,roseus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 154959,Bryaninops amplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,amplus,,,,,"Larson, 1985", 154962,Coelorinchus mycterismus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,mycterismus,,,,,"McMillan & Paulin, 1993", 154965,Acreichthys hajam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Acreichthys,hajam,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","This nominal species may be a junior synonym of A. tomentosus (K. Matsuura pers. comm. 2009)." 154966,Thamnaconus fijiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,fijiensis,,,,,"Hutchins & Matsuura, 1984", 154969,Kuronezumia bubonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Kuronezumia,bubonis,,,,,"(Iwamoto, 1974)", 154970,Trachinotus goodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,goodei,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1896", 154973,Bassozetus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,robustus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 154974,Xanthichthys mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Xanthichthys,mento,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 154986,Paraclinus magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,magdalenae,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Parr, 1969", 154987,Acanthistius brasilianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Acanthistius,brasilianus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 154990,Calamopteryx jeb,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Calamopteryx,jeb,,,,,"Cohen, 1973", 154994,Plectranthias pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,pallidus,,,,,"Randall & Hoese, 1995", 154995,Diaphus holti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,holti,,,,,"Tåning, 1918", 154996,Calumia godeffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Calumia,godeffroyi,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 154997,Bregmaceros atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,BREGMACEROTIDAE,Bregmaceros,atlanticus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1886","

There are multiple undescribed species in this group which may have been confused with this species (Moore, Polanco, Russell, McEachran pers. comm. 2013).

" 154998,Argyropelecus hemigymnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyropelecus,hemigymnus,,,,,"Cocco, 1829", 155064,Apogon notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,notatus,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)","Formerly believed to have a widespread Western Pacific distribution but apparently restricted to southern Japan (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2009). Populations from other areas are currently assignable to A. jenkinsi (Everman and Seale 1907)." 155001,Chalixodytes tauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CREEDIIDAE,Chalixodytes,tauensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1943",Creediidae tauensis may be conspecific with Chalixodytes chameleontoculis of the western Indian Ocean (J. Nelson pers. comm. 2009). There is doubt as to whether this is in fact a valid species. 155002,Bovichtus chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BOVICHTIDAE,Bovichtus,chilensis,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 155003,Astronesthes nigroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,nigroides,,,,,"Gibbs & Aron, 1960", 155004,Congrogadus amplimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Congrogadus,amplimaculatus,,,,,"(Winterbottom, 1980)", 155005,Coloconger japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,COLOCONGRIDAE,Coloconger,japonicus,,,,,"Machida, 1984", 155006,Coris caudimacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,caudimacula,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)", 155079,Torquigener tuberculiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Torquigener,tuberculiferus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1912)", 155007,Allomycterus pilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Allomycterus,pilatus,,,,,"Whitley, 1931", 155083,Centropyge acanthops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,acanthops,,,,,"(Norman, 1922)", 155011,Careproctus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,minimus,,,,,"Andriashev & Stein, 1998",There is doubt on the conspecificity of the second specimen of this species (Stein 2006). 155084,Champsodon capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAMPSODONTIDAE,Champsodon,capensis,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 155013,Parablennius parvicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,parvicornis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 155086,Omobranchus fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 155014,Alectis ciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alectis,ciliaris,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 155015,Artediellichthys nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Artediellichthys,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1937)", 155017,Labroides phthirophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labroides,phthirophagus,,,,,"Randall, 1958", 155090,Cociella punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Cociella,punctata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 155019,Calliclinus nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Calliclinus,nudiventris,,,,,"Cervigón & Pequeño, 1979", 155022,Uranoscopus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Uranoscopus,polli,,,,,"Cadenat, 1951", 155094,Clinocottus globiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Clinocottus,globiceps,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 155023,Callionymus sagitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,sagitta,,,,,"Pallas, 1770", 155095,Cantheschenia longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantheschenia,longipinnis,,,,,"(Fraser-Brunner, 1941)", 155024,Amphichthys cryptocentrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Amphichthys,cryptocentrus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","Potential taxonomic problem: Amphichthys hildebrandi (Breder 1925) may be a valid species, although Collette (2003) considered it as a junior synonym of A. cryptocentrus." 155096,Sarda sarda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Sarda,sarda,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)","

There is some genetic differentiation between samples from the Atlantic and those from the Mediterranean, but not at the species level (Vinas et al. 2010).

" 155097,Caesio caerulaurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,caerulaurea,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 155098,Chromis flavicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,flavicauda,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)","The synonymy of Chromis bermudae under C. flavicauda was recently revisited by Smith-Vaniz and Collette (2013). They concluded that C. bermudae is a valid species, therefore, C. flavicauda is now known only from Brazil." 155099,Omobranchus anolius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,anolius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 155028,Artedidraco glareobarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ARTEDIDRACONIDAE,Artedidraco,glareobarbatus,,,,,"Eastman & Eakin, 1999", 155029,Salarias ceramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,ceramensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 155030,Macroramphosus scolopax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Macroramphosus,scolopax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species also seems to be sympatric with Macroramphosus gracilis around the world (Dyer and Westneat 2010). However, there is still some debate about the taxonomic separation of the two species (Granadeiro and Silva 2000). The latest research suggests that M. gracilis represents a different ontological stage of M. scolopax rather than a separate species (Robalo et al. 2009, Noguchi et al. 2015), and this approach is followed here.

However, Noguchi et al. (2016) have foreshadowed that it is likely two different species in the Atlantic and Pacific. Noting that M. scolopax was described from the Mediterranean and that M. gracilis was described from Madeira in the eastern Atlantic, there is probably an undescribed species from the Pacific. The description of this Pacific species of Macroramphosus may be forthcoming from Noguchi et al., but this needs to be confirmed with those authors." 155031,Callionymus whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,whiteheadi,,,,,"Fricke, 1981",This species was given the alternative classification Bathycallionymus whiteheadi by Nakabo (1982). 155101,Careproctus mederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,mederi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1916", 155032,Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,rubripinnis,,,,,"Randall & Carpenter, 1980", 155102,Cheilodipterus singapurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Cheilodipterus,singapurensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 155033,Halichoeres melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,melas,,,,,"Randall & Earle, 1994", 155103,Dactyloscopus zelotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,zelotes,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1896", 155034,Crossosalarias macrospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Crossosalarias,macrospilus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Springer, 1971", 155104,Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,pinnatibarbatus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)","This species has been divided into several subspecies (Shakhovskoy 2007): Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus pinnatibarbus (Bennett 1831), Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus altipennis (Valenciennes 1847), Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus californicus (Cooper 1863), Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus (Franz 1910), Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus melanocercus (Ogilby 1885)." 155105,Platycephalus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Platycephalus,indicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

155036,Caulolatilus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,hubbsi,,,,,"Dooley, 1978", 155108,Omobranchus rotundiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,rotundiceps,,,,,"(Macleay, 1881)", 155109,Praealticus dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,dayi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1929)", 155041,Caulolatilus dooleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,dooleyi,,,,,"Berry, 1978", 155111,Congiopodus torvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,CONGIOPODIDAE,Congiopodus,torvus,,,,,"(Gronow, 1772)", 155112,Stemonosudis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,gracilis,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)", 155044,Buglossidium luteum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Buglossidium,luteum,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 155046,Apogon margaritophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,margaritophorus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 155047,Cocotropus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Cocotropus,roseus,,,,,"Day, 1875", 155118,Lethrinus conchyliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,conchyliatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 155050,Callogobius clitellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,clitellus,,,,,"McKinney & Lachner, 1978", 155121,Paraclinus integripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,integripinnis,,,,,"(Smith, 1880)", 155123,Clupea harengus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupea,harengus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

The temporal and spatial genetic structure of this species, or species complex, is still under debate, and presents challenges for fisheries management. Clupea harengus stocks have traditionally been delineated on the basis of differences in spawning behavior and meristic or morphological characters. However, there is little concordance between these characters and genetic differentiation (André et al. 2011, Ruzzante et al. 2006, Ryman et al. 1984, Clausen et al. 2007). Morphological differences may be expressions of phenotypic plasticity resulting from early ontogentic exposure to differing environmental regimes (Anokina 1971, Aneer 1985, Rajasilta 1992). The extent to which there is genetic differentiation between NW and NE Atlantic is unresolved. 

In the NE Atlantic, there is some structuring between the population in the English Channel and that found in the remainder of the North Sea (Mariani et al. 2005). Concordant structuring has been found between the North Sea and Baltic spawning populations, and it is hypothesized that the relatively low salinity in the Baltic Sea is driving this divergence (Ruzzante et al. 2006; Bekkevold et al. 2005; Mariani et al. 2005; Larsson et al. 2007, 2010). Spring-spawning populations and autumn spawning populations within the Baltic Sea appear to differ from each other morphologically (Heincke 1898) and genetically (Jøgensen et al. 2005); however, genetic variation within the Baltic Sea is generally low (Johannesson and André 2006). Additionally, there is structuring between the northern and southern populations within the largest, most commercially important stock, the Norwegian Spring spawning stock, which is found in the Barents and Norwegian Sea (Shaw et al. 1999, Reiss et al. 2009). 

The Baltic herring Clupea harengus membras is widely regarded as subspecies of the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus. Baltic herring as a subspecies includes populations of autumn-spawning herrings mainly in the western and southern Baltic Sea and spring-spawning herring mainly in the eastern and northern parts of the sea basin. There is wide overlap in the distribution of the different forms (HELCOM Red List Project). Differences between the two forms (spatial distribution, meristic and morphometric, temporal spawning) are not supported by genetic differentiation when using either allozyme or microsatellite markers. However, some studies employing high-throughput sequencing revealed high levels of genetic differentiation at loci which may under selection, which may suggest the existence of locally adapted populations within the Baltic Sea which are connected by some gene flow (Corander et al. 2013). " 155124,Amblyeleotris triguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,triguttata,,,,,"Randall, 1994","This species may be a junior synonym of Amblyeleotris delicatulus (Smith, 1958); However, Smith’s type specimen is not in good condition so this cannot yet be verified (H.K. Larson pers. comm. 2015)." 155057,Uranoscopus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Uranoscopus,japonicus,,,,,"Houttuyn, 1782", 155126,Apsilus dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Apsilus,dentatus,,,,,"Guichenot, 1853", 155059,Gillellus healae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,healae,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 155068,Remora brachyptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Remora,brachyptera,,,,,"(Lowe, 1839)", 155072,Conger verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,verreauxi,,,,,"Kaup, 1856", 155133,Bathycongrus vicinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,vicinalis,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 155134,Alepes vari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alepes,vari,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 155075,Remora albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Remora,albescens,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","Previously in Remorina, but is currently placed in Remora (Gray et al. 2009)." 155136,Callionymus macclesfieldensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,macclesfieldensis,,,,,"Fricke, 1983", 155076,Halichoeres notospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,notospilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 155138,Antipodocottus galatheae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Antipodocottus,galatheae,,,,,"Bolin, 1952", 155140,Paramyxine wayuu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,wayuu,,,,,"(Mok, Saavedra-Diaz & Acero P., 2001)","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 155144,Myripristis trachyacron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,trachyacron,,,,,"Bleeker, 1863", 155146,Anampses melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,melanurus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1857","Closely related to Anampses lineatus from the Indian Ocean (Kuiter 2002)." 155150,Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Prognatholiparis,ptychomandibularis,,,,,"Orr & Busby, 2001", 155151,Apogon rubrimacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,rubrimacula,,,,,"Randall & Kulbicki, 1998","Closely related to Apogon cyanosoma (Bleeker 1853). DNA studies are required to verify the validity of this species (G.R. Allen and O. Gon pers. comm. 2009)." 155153,Atherion elymus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherion,elymus,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1901","Atherion elymus is comprised of three subspecies; Atherion elymus aphrozoicus, Atherion elymus freyi, and Atherion elymus asper." 155155,Chirolophis snyderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STICHAEIDAE,Chirolophis,snyderi,,,,,"(Taranetz, 1938)", 155156,Lepidonectes corallicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Lepidonectes,corallicola,,,,,"(Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912)", 155159,Trachinotus rhodopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,rhodopus,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 155166,Chilomycterus schoepfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Chilomycterus,schoepfii,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 155167,Malacoctenus macropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,macropus,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 155170,Asarcenchelys longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Asarcenchelys,longimanus,,,,,"McCosker, 1985", 155174,Neoclinus uninotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Neoclinus,uninotatus,,,,,"Hubbs, 1953", 155182,Pomadasys incisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,incisus,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)", 155186,Cirripectes filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,filamentosus,,,,,"(Alleyne & Macleay, 1877)", 155187,Callechelys bitaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,bitaeniata,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)", 155188,Sicydium plumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,plumieri,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)",Western Atlantic species of this genus are in need of revision (E. Murdy pers. comm. 2009 and F. Pezold pers. comm. 2011). 155193,Coradion melanopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Coradion,melanopus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 155194,Cirripectes alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,alleni,,,,,"Williams, 1993","Although in appearance this species resembles the juvenile Cirripectes polyzona, it is most closely related to Cirripectes filamentosus." 155196,Centropogon latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Centropogon,latifrons,,,,,"Mees, 1962", 155203,Talismania bifurcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Talismania,bifurcata,,,,,"(Parr, 1951)", 155205,Caulolatilus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,affinis,,,,,"Gill, 1865", 155206,Brachysomophis longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Brachysomophis,longipinnis,,,,,"McCosker & Randall, 2001", 155213,Synodus saurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,saurus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 155220,Chaetodon sedentarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,sedentarius,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 155221,Halichoeres papilionaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,papilionaceus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)","The Hawaiian population is likely a distinct species (Randall and Rocha 2008 submitted). Kuiter 2002 describes the Indian Ocean subpopulation as H. schwartzii (Bleeker 1847), but there is no formal authority for this." 155234,Acromycter perturbator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Acromycter,perturbator,,,,,"(Parr, 1932)", 155236,Austroglossus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Austroglossus,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 155237,Enneapterygius abeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,abeli,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1960)", 155238,Halichoeres binotopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,binotopsis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)","
" 155239,Branchiostegus semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Branchiostegus,semifasciatus,,,,,"(Norman, 1931)", 155243,Branchiostegus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Branchiostegus,japonicus,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)", 155248,Starksia guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,guttata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1931)","This species has been described as belonging to a species complex. Other members of this species complex include Starksia ocellata, S. culebrae, S. brasiliensis, S. variabilis, and S. occidentalis." 155250,Dentex congoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,congoensis,,,,,"Poll, 1954", 155251,Araiophos eastropas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Araiophos,eastropas,,,,,"Ahlstrom & Moser, 1969", 155252,Pseudojuloides kaleidos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,kaleidos,,,,,"Kuiter & Randall, 1995", 155256,Coelorinchus shcherbachevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,shcherbachevi,,,,,"Iwamoto & Merrett, 1997", 155257,Cheilopogon rapanouiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,rapanouiensis,,,,,"Parin, 1961", 155260,Benthosema pterotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Benthosema,pterotum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 155263,Paraclinus rubicundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,rubicundus,,,,,"(Starks, 1913)", 155266,Ariosoma selenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,selenops,,,,,"Reid, 1934", 155268,Scatophagus argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCATOPHAGIDAE,Scatophagus,argus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 155270,Entomacrodus stellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,stellifer,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1902)","Entomacrodus stellifer used to be considered to have two sub-species; Entomacrodus stellifer stellifer and Entomacrodus stellifer lighti, but Entomacrodus stellifer lighti is now considered to be a separate species." 155274,Apogon wassinki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,wassinki,,,,,"Bleeker, 1861", 155277,Abantennarius analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Abantennarius,analis,,,,,"Schultz, 1957",This species was previously in the genus Antennarius until Pietsch and Arnold (2020) resurrected the genus Abantennarius. 155287,Antimora microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Antimora,microlepis,,,,,"Bean, 1890", 155297,Apocryptodon punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Apocryptodon,punctatus,,,,,"Tomiyama, 1934", 155298,Careproctus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,pallidus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 155303,Bathylaco macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathylaco,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Nielsen & Larsen, 1968", 155308,Centropyge loricula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,loricula,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)",Specimens from the Marquesas Island lack the vertical black bars (Pyle 2001). 155310,Atherinomorus stipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherinomorus,stipes,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1848)", 155312,Tomicodon australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,australis,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 155313,Canthigaster leoparda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,leoparda,,,,,"Lubbock & Allen, 1979", 155314,Pseudocheilinus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinus,ocellatus,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 155318,Serranus atricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,atricauda,,,,,"Günther, 1874", 155320,Nannobrachium gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Nannobrachium,gibbsi,,,,,"Zahuranec, 2000", 155321,Helcogramma decurrens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Helcogramma,decurrens,,,,,"McCulloch & Waite, 1918", 155326,Acanthistius ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Acanthistius,ocellatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 155327,Crocodilichthys gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Crocodilichthys,gracilis,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1991", 155331,Renea moutonii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,moutonii,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1849)","There are two subspecies: Renea moutonii moutonii (Dupuy, 1849) and R. moutonii singularis (Pollonera, 1905)." 155334,Alzoniella slovenica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,slovenica,,,,,"Lozek & Brtek, 1964", 155335,Bythinella austriaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,austriaca,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1857)","This species is one of many small freshwater snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system.  
There are 4 subspecies currently recognised by Glöer (2002):
Bythinella austriaca austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1857)
Bythinella austriaca conica (Clessin, 1910)
Bythinella austriaca ehrmanni Pax, 1938
Bythinella austriaca pavovillatica Canon, 1937

Bythinella hungarica is either a synonym or a subspecies of Bythinella austriaca, according to Feher et al. 2006.

" 155339,Spiralix vitrea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,vitrea,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","The type locality for this species is unknown, so it is uncertain what the original distribution could be and Prie (pers. comm., 2009) suggests that there maybe more than one species with the range currently mapped for this species." 155340,Plagigeyeria deformata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,deformata,,,,,"(Nicolas, 1891)","Plagigeyeria deformata is considered as a valid species, but has never been collected alive, so the genus name is uncertain." 155342,Mercuria similis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,similis,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","Mercuria confusa originally described by Frauenfeld (1863) from France and by Boeters (1976) from Tunisia and Morocco is a synonym of M. similis, as already pointed out by Germain (1931)." 155347,Hemicycla pouchet,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,pouchet,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","This taxon was originally assessed under the name Hemicycla adansoni for the Red List, however the nomenclature has changed and it is now renamed as Hemicycla pouchet (see: Ibanez and Alonso 2007)" 155358,Xerocrassa moraguesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,moraguesi,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1883)", 155359,Leiostyla falknerorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,falknerorum,,,,,"Bank, Groh & Ripken, 2002","This species was previously assessed under the name Leiostyla laevigata. Bank et al. (2002) proposed Leiostyla falknerorum nom. nov as a new name for Pupa laevigata Lowe, 1852 as they considered it to be preoccupied by Pupa laevigata von Gallenstein, 1848. This name was known to Pilsbry (1922-26) and Waldén (1983) who both considered it a forgotten name." 155466,Pontobelgrandiella nitida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,nitida,,,,,"(Angelov, 1972)", 155467,Sphaerium asiaticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,asiaticum,,,,,"von Martens, 1864","This species is listed as a valid species according to Korniushin (2001) and Korniushin and Glaubrecht (2001).

This species has been listed as Amesoda asiatica (Martens 1864) by Kantor et al. (2009) with a synonym of Cyclas asiatica (Martens 1864). However, Korniushin and Glaubrecht (2001) found the species assignment to Amesoda insufficient and this species is Sphaerium asiaticum as listed in their taxonomic review. According to Korniushin and Glaubrecht (2001) this species is also synonymous with Sphaerium corneum var. scaldiatum (Normand 1844).

Additionally, Kantor et al. (2009) list Sphaerium (cylcas) asiaticum var. caperatum as a synonym of Amesoda caperata (Westerlund 1897), however Korniushin (2001) and Korniushin & Glaubrecht (2001) consider it a synonym of Sphaerium solidum." 155468,Iglica concii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,concii,,,,,"(Allegretti, 1944)",The taxonomic status of this species is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022). 155470,Turricaspia lindholmiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,lindholmiana,,,,,"Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966","This species requires taxonomic revision using molecular systematics, as the species limits may require revision." 155471,Lyhnidia karamani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Lyhnidia,karamani,,,,,"Hadzisce, 1959",


155472,Micropyrgula stankovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Micropyrgula,stankovici,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)","This species is the only species currently known in the genus Micropyrgula.  " 155473,Bythinella samecana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,samecana,,,,,"Clessin, 1911","This species belongs to an aggregate, with many populations over a wide range of countries.  However there are various other species that could be viewed as part of the species group, B. robiciana and B. opaca (sensu lato), as the species group is under review for their molecular systematics. The species have been assessed based on their current described status, in order to assess their conservation status. Molecular data supports its relationship with some Bosnian B. opaca populations (Z. Feher pers. comm. 2010)." 155474,Clathrocaspia gmelinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Clathrocaspia,gmelinii,,,,,"(Clessin & W. Dybowski <i>in</i> W. Dybowski, 1887)","This species was described from the middle and southern Caspian Sea; but no syntypes were found for review by Logvinenko and Starobogatov (1968) (Kantor et al. 2009). The species is in need of taxonomic review as few of these species have had their generic status established by data other than conchological data." 155476,Pettancylus clessiniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,clessiniana,,,,,"(Jickeli, 1882)","Fauna Europaea (Bank et al. 2006) considered this species to be a synonym of the more widespread species F. wauteri and as such listed it under this name.

The taxonomic status of this species is unclear (Albrecht et al. 2014). Several authors consider it as synonymous to Ferrissia (Pettancylus) californica, a North American global invasive species." 155478,Anagastina hadouphylax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Anagastina,hadouphylax,,,,,"(Schütt, 1959)", 155479,Bythinella opaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,opaca,,,,,"(M. von Gallenstein, 1848)","This is a species aggregate with many populations over a wide range of countries.  However there are various other species that could be viewed as part of the species group, B. robiciana, and B. samecana, as the species group is under review for their molecular systematic. The species have been assessed based on their current described status in order to assess their conservation status (Z. Feher, pers. comm, 2009).


" 155480,Pseudamnicola bacescui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,bacescui,,,,,"Grossu, 1986", 155481,Gyraulus albidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,albidus,,,,,"Radoman, 1953",


155482,Iglica maasseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,maasseni,,,,,"Schütt, 1980", 155483,Pezzolia radapalladis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pezzolia,radapalladis,,,,,"Bodon & Giusti, 1986", 155484,Travunijana robusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Travunijana,robusta,,,,,"(Schütt, 1959)", 155485,Anagastina vidrovani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Anagastina,vidrovani,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)","This species was considered by Kabat (1993) following Radoman (1983), to be placed in the genus Anagastina Radoman (1978) which was a replacement name for Anagasta Radoman, 1973, non Heinrich, 1956.

[Need to add Kabat (1993) reference]" 155486,Bythinella zyvionteki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,zyvionteki,,,,,"Falniowski, 1987", 155487,Bythinella cylindracea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,cylindracea,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)","This species should be considered as Data Deficient given the taxonomic doubt. See Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review." 155488,Paladilhiopsis pretneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,pretneri,,,,,"Bole & Velkovrh, 1987", 155489,Plagigeyeria montenigrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,montenigrina,,,,,"Bole, 1961", 155490,Iglica eximia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,eximia,,,,,"Bole, 1967", 155491,Saxurinator orthodoxus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Saxurinator,orthodoxus,,,,,"Schütt, 1960", 155492,Graziana adlitzensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,adlitzensis,,,,,"W. Fischer & P. Reischütz, 1995","The attribution to the genus Graziana is provisional based on shell characters and requires confirmation (Reischutz and Reischutz, 2009)." 155493,Pseudamnicola macrostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,macrostoma,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)", 155494,Stagnicola fuscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,fuscus,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1821)", 155496,Moitessieria seminiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,seminiana,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155497,Hauffenia lucidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,lucidula,,,,,"(Angelov, 1967)","Generic placement follows MolluscaBase (2022), however, the generic position of this species is uncertain and its placement under Hauffenia questionable (Georgiev and Hubenov 2013)." 155499,Hauffenia edlaueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,edlaueri,,,,,"(Schütt, 1961)","

Although this taxon has been placed in the genus Hauffenia, this placement is based on conchological characters and has not been proved yet (Bodon et al. 2001).

" 155500,Bythiospeum carpathicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,carpathicum,,,,,"(Soós, 1940)","This species was originally only known from one locality at Hoverla, Ukraine, based on 1 shell, and the type was destroyed in 1956. This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al.2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of the full analysis of the group." 155502,Ampullaceana lagotis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Ampullaceana,lagotis,,,,,"(Schrank, 1803)","Germain (1931) listed lagotis for Afghanistan, Armenia, 'transcaucasie', Turkestan, Iran and Syria, Palestine. Also possibly present in India (S. Rao, listed as synonym). However, this is based on outdated taxonomic treatment and the range of this species is likely to be more restricted.

Bank et al. (2006) included both R. balthica and R. lagotis and considered them separate taxa, a position maintained by MolluscaBase (2022)." 155503,Assiminea eliae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,eliae,,,,,"Paladilhe, 1875","This species has been confused with Assiminea grayana in part of the range (Falkner et al. 2002)." 155504,Travunijana nitida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Travunijana,nitida,,,,,"(Schütt, 1963)",MolluscaBase (2022) now places this species in genus Travunijana. In 2009 there were two subspecies recognised for Plagigeyeria nitida: Plagigeyeria nitida nitida Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia and Plagigeyeria nitida angelovi in Croatia. 155506,Dalmatinella fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Dalmatinella,fluviatilis,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","Considered by Radoman (1983) to be in a separate genus, Dalmatinella, with  D. fluviatilis being the type species of the genus. Placed by Bank et al. (2006), as a subgenus Dalmatinella in the genus Vindolia.  " 155507,Pontobelgrandiella bureschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,bureschi,,,,,"(Angelov, 1976)", 155508,Horatia macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Horatia,macedonica,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1937)", 155509,Kerkia brezicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Kerkia,brezicensis,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 1996", 155510,Guadiella ramosae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Guadiella,ramosae,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155512,Iglica forumjuliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,forumjuliana,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1887)", 155513,Saxurinator microbeliscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Saxurinator,microbeliscus,,,,,"Schütt, 1968", 155514,Avenionia roberti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Avenionia,roberti,,,,,"Boeters, 1967","This group of underground freshwater snails are undergoing taxonomic review, and the range limits may change, which would impact the conservation assessment of the species. Avenionia bourguignati may be conspecific, extending the range to France (V. Prie pers. comm. 2010)" 155518,Omphiscola reticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Omphiscola,reticulata,,,,,"(Gassies, 1867)","Gassies (1867:128) described Limnaea glabra var. D reticulata of ""laques clayonnées près l'étang de Cazau"" in the Landes, but that name seems forgotten subsequently, for example by Germain (1931) and by Falkner et al. (2002). Omphiscola reticulata (Gassies, 1867) reappears as a valid species in Fauna Europaea v2.3. However, we found no references for such revalidation (V. Prie pers. comm. 2010). At present there are no distributional data in France, as it is currently treated as as synonym of O. glabra (O.F. Müller, 1774).

The species is currently considered taxon inquirendum by MolluscaBase (2022)." 155519,Stagnicola turricula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,turricula,,,,,"(Held, 1836)","This species includes the invalid Russian species Lymnaea danubialis (M. Seddon pers. comm. 2009). Several authors have synonymized this species with Stagnicola palustris (e.g., Beran 2008, Jurickova et al. 2008 in Czech Republic). An rDNA phylogenetic analysis could not separate palustris and turricula (Bargues et al. 2001)." 155520,Radomaniola haesitans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,haesitans,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1881)","

According to Szarowska (2006) this species, which was placed by Schütt in Belgrandiella, may be better assigned to Grossuana, as the soft part morphology and anatomy does not differ from the one described for Grossuana or Orientalina; its shell is similar to the one described and illustrated by Radoman (1966) for Pseudamnicola vurliana which later (Radoman, 1983) assigned to the genus Grossuana. The species should be considered to be conspecific with P. vurliana.

[This text requires updating - both Grossuana vurliana (Radoman, 1966) and Radomaniola haesitans (Westerlund, 1881) are treated as valid taxa by MolluscaBase 2022.]

" 155521,Bythinella padana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,padana,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1989", 155522,Graecoanatolica vegorriticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,vegorriticola,,,,,"(Schütt, 1962)", 155523,Islamia trichoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,trichoniana,,,,,"Radoman, 1979", 155524,Mercuria bayonnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,bayonnensis,,,,,"(Locard, 1894)","This species requires a taxonomic review, as it maybe conspecific with Mercuria baudoniana, as there is no anatomical information given in Falker et al. (2002) and the main differentiation is shell size and the two species have ranges that lie adjacent to each other." 155525,Bythiospeum sterkianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,sterkianum,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)","

One subspecies is currently recognised: lauterborni (F. Haas, 1936): Germany. Bythiospeum moenanum (Flach, 1886) is now considered to be a subspecies of Bythiospeum clessini, although in the past it was considered to be a subspecies of B. sterkianum. This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.

" 155526,Belgrandia lusitanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,lusitanica,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1867)","Nobre (1930) considered this species to be conspecific with Belgrandia gibba Morelet (1845), but not B. gibba Draparnaud (1805) from France in Fauna Europea." 155527,Eupaludestrina foxianensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,foxianensis,,,,,"(De Stefani, 1883)", 155529,Pseudamnicola virescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,virescens,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)", 155530,Ochridopyrgula macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ochridopyrgula,macedonica,,,,,"(Brusina, 1896)","In Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006), the generic name of this species has listed Ochridopyrgula not Ohridopyrgula (C. Albrecht pers. comm. 2009). In discussion with Bank (pers. comm. 2009) he has pointed out that this is the correct genus, ""as Radoman (1955) described it as Ochridopyrgula, and used this name also in his subsequent papers, he even established in 1973 the subfamily Ochridopyrgulinae. Only in his review paper of 1983 he used the name Ohridopyrgula. Of course, Ohridopyrgula should be treated as an incorrect original spelling and is therefore not an available name (see ICZN Article 33.3) as it is not in prevailing use"".

Two subspecies have been recognised in different habitats:
Ochridopyrgula macedonica macedonica (Brusina, 1896) North Macedonia, Albania.
Ochridopyrgula macedonica charensis Radoman, 1978, North Macedonia." 155533,Turcorientalia hohenackeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turcorientalia,hohenackeri,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)","Turcorientalia hohenackeri is also known under the genus Belgrandiella, subgenus Turcorientalia. There are two subspecies recorded: Turcorientalia hohenackeri hohenackeri and Turcorientalia hohenackeri marginata, both from Greece." 155534,Islamia pusilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,pusilla,,,,,"(Piersanti, 1952)", 155536,Iberhoratia gatoa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Iberhoratia,gatoa,,,,,"(Boeters, 1980)", 155537,Sadleriana sadleriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,sadleriana,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1863)", 155541,Ohrigocea ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohrigocea,ornata,,,,,"(Radoman, 1957)","Bank (2006, Fauna Europea project) list two synonyms: O.prlitchevi Hadžišče, 1959, and O.sandanskii Hadžišče, 1959. Bank in Fauna Europea is considering it as part of the Genus Ohrigocea, whereas other authors classified it into the Genus Dolapia." 155542,Alzoniella ligustica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,ligustica,,,,,"(Giusti & Bodon, 1981)", 155543,Unio pictorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,pictorum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are six subspecies currently recognised across the region (Falkner et al. 2001), based on shell morphology and biogeographical range." 155545,Gyraulus fontinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,fontinalis,,,,,"Hubendick & Radoman, 1959", 155546,Iglica acicularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,acicularis,,,,,"Angelov, 1959", 155548,Bythinella troyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,troyana,,,,,"Bernasconi, 2000","The species was described on basis of shell material only from two different sites 40 km apart. Given the difficulties in establishing the species limits in this group, (see Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review), then it is difficult to define the status of this species." 155550,Chilopyrgula sturanyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Chilopyrgula,sturanyi,,,,,"(Brusina, 1896)","

This is one of the small spring-snail species that is only reliably identifiable from anatomical and molecular analyses, and as such is difficult to identify dead shells with confidence. Only one species is recognised in this genus.

" 155551,Islamia coronadoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,coronadoi,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1870)", 155552,Eupaludestrina maltzani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,maltzani,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)","The status of this species is uncertain, and it may be conspecific with a more widespread European species." 155553,Hadziella deminuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hadziella,deminuta,,,,,"Bole, 1961", 155554,Sardopaladilhia subdistorta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Sardopaladilhia,subdistorta,,,,,"Rolán & Martínez-Ortí, 2003","This species was provisionally placed in Sardopaladihlia, based on similarity in shell characters, but this placement maybe reviewed following future anatomical research." 155555,Chondrobasis levantina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Chondrobasis,levantina,,,,,"Ramos & Arconada, 2001","

Chondrobasis is a genus with only one known species, C. levantina.

" 155556,Sardohoratia sulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sardohoratia,sulcata,,,,,"Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998", 155557,Islamia graeca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,graeca,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155558,Iglica pezzolii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,pezzolii,,,,,"Boeters, 1971", 155559,Sadleriana schmidtii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,schmidtii,,,,,"(Menke, 1849)", 155560,Trichonia trichonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Trichonia,trichonica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155561,Melanopsis penchinati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,penchinati,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1868", 155562,Mercuria baudoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,baudoniana,,,,,"(Gassies, 1859)","This species requires a taxonomic review. It maybe conspecific with Mercuria bayonensis, as there is no anatomical information given in Falker et al. (2002); the main differentiation is shell size and the two species have ranges that lie adjacent to each other. It is assessed here as it is considered as a good species by Falkner et al. (2002), who synonymises Amnicola lanceolata Paladilhe 1869 described from St-Jean de Luz (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)." 155565,Hauffenia erythropomatia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,erythropomatia,,,,,"(Hauffen, 1856)", 155566,Insignia macrostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Insignia,macrostoma,,,,,"Angelov, 1972", 155567,Spiralix pequenoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,pequenoensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2003","The classification with Spiralix is based on conchological features only." 155569,Islamia bourguignati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,bourguignati,,,,,"(T. Letourneux, 1869)","Initially described as Valvata bourguignati, it was synonymised by Germain (1931) with Valvata globulina Paladilhe 1866. Later, Binder (1966) considered  V. globulina as belonging to the Hauffenia genus, and this genus name changed again for Neohoratia with Boeters (1998). The genus named has now changed once again for Islamia (Bodon et al. 2001).

Bernasconi (2001) like Germain (1932) considered this species as a synonym of Islamia globulina (Paladilhe 1866), however Falkner et al. (2002) considered them both as valid species, and noted that Islamia globulina (Paladilhe 1866) is a synonym of  Islamia moquiniana." 155570,Tanousia zrmanjae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Tanousia,zrmanjae,,,,,"(Brusina, 1866)", 155572,Spiralix collieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,collieri,,,,,"(Nicolas, 1891)","This species was described by Nicolas in 1891; it was synonymised by Boeters (1972) with Spiralix puteana, then considered as a good species by Boeters and Falkner (2003).
It is taxonomically doubtful." 155573,Anagastina gluhodolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Anagastina,gluhodolica,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)", 155574,Pyrgula acicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,acicula,,,,,"A. & P. Reischütz, 2002", 155575,Islamia latina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,latina,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155576,Pseudohoratia lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudohoratia,lacustris,,,,,"(Radoman, 1964)",


155577,Belgrandia coutagnei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,coutagnei,,,,,"Locard, 1892","This species is taxonomically complicated, due to an imbroglio concerning the type locality and various nominate species (Falkner et al. 2002)." 155578,Dianella thiesseana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Dianella,thiesseana,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1878)","This species lies close to a sister species Dianella schilickumi, the only two species known in the genus, which is restricted to freshwater lakes in Greece (Albrecht et al. 2009)." 155579,Pseudamnicola brachia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,brachia,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)", 155580,Sphaerium ovale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,ovale,,,,,"(Férussac, 1807)","There may be confusion between this species, Sphaerium nucleus (Studer, 1820) and Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758). Further work is necessary to resolve taxonomic issues in this genus and clarify this species' distribution. In Kantor et al. (2009) the species was referred to as Nucleocylclas ovale (Férrussac, 1807)." 155581,Bythinella bouleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,bouleti,,,,,"Girardi, Bichain & Wienin, 2002","According to V. Prie, Bythinella galera and Bythinella bouleti were both described together from the same locality and these species are probably synonyms (Bichain pers. comm. 2010 and Prié pers. obs. 2010)  An assessment was made for B. galarae, on a precautionary basis, and this species is listed as Data Deficient (DD), as it maybe conspecific." 155582,Belgrandiella bumasta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,bumasta,,,,,"Schütt, 1960", 155583,Belgrandiella globulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,globulosa,,,,,"Bole, 1979", 155584,Pseudamnicola chia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,chia,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1889)", 155585,Graziana papukensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,papukensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1975", 155586,Paladilhiopsis tarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,tarae,,,,,"Bole & Velkovrh, 1987", 155587,Pontobelgrandiella bulgarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,bulgarica,,,,,"(Angelov, 1972)", 155589,Islamia valvataeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,valvataeformis,,,,,"(Moellendorff, 1873)", 155590,Bythinella wawrzineki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,wawrzineki,,,,,"Bernasconi, 2002","This is a recently described species from Charente-Maritime, in France. Considering the taxonomic complexity of the genus Bythinella (see for example Bernasconi 2000; Falkner et al. 2002) and the results of recent molecular analyses (Haase et al. 2007; Bichain et al. 2007), some of the described species are taxonomically doubtful whilst others have cryptic species within their range, hence the group are in need of taxonomic revision.  However, a species assessment is made on the basis of the available data, to indicate sites in need of conservation efforts." 155591,Bythinella rubiginosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,rubiginosa,,,,,"(Boubée, 1833)","Bernasconi (2000) noted that Bythinella eurystoma and B. servainiana had practically identical shells to Bythinella rubiginosa

Initial results from molecular studies by Bichain et al. (2007) suggest there is a possibility that this species may well be conspecific with some of the other Pyrenenean spring-snails (e.g., B. eurthystoma), indicating that only B. reynesii and B. viridis were distinct from the other Pyrenean Bythinella. However, their study noted that their results are of preliminary nature and in order to validate the provisional findings, they want to undertake further studies of the genus, including supplementary mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Consequently, all taxa are still treated as valid as subsequent studies may find that there are other characters on which to segregate the species." 155592,Iglica sidariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,sidariensis,,,,,"Schütt, 1980", 155593,Belgrandia ionica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,ionica,,,,,"(Schütt, 1980)","

The species was originally described as Belgrandiella (Lithabitella) chilodia ionica Schütt 1980 and it was tentatively attributed to Belgrandia by Bodon et al. (1999). As it is mentioned by the above authors the taxonomic status of B. ionica (Schütt, 1980) remains uncertain due to the absence of anatomical data. (Haase 2000)

" 155594,Corrosella luisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,luisi,,,,,"(Boeters, 1984)", 155595,Microcondylaea bonellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Microcondylaea,bonellii,,,,,"(Férussac, 1827)", 155596,Stagnicola corvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,corvus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)",Numerous synonyms have been described for this species. 155597,Ecrobia vitrea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ecrobia,vitrea,,,,,"(Risso, 1826)","Also known as Ecrobia vitrea (Risso, 1826), which is considered a subgenus by some authors and a genus by others." 155598,Pyrgula falkneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,falkneri,,,,,"A. & P. Reischütz, 2002", 155599,Pontobelgrandiella angelovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,angelovi,,,,,"(Pintér, 1968)", 155600,Laevicaspia ismailensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Laevicaspia,ismailensis,,,,,"(Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966)","This species requires taxonomic revision using molecular systematics, as the species limits may require revision." 155602,Mercuria anatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,anatina,,,,,"(Poiret, 1801)", 155603,Spiralix puteana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,puteana,,,,,"(Coutagne, 1883)", 155605,Moitessieria olleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,olleri,,,,,"Altimira, 1960", 155606,Bythiospeum suevicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,suevicum,,,,,"(Geyer, 1905)","

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic  status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.

" 155607,Prespolitorea malaprespensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Prespolitorea,malaprespensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","This species lies close to a sister species Prespolitorea valvataeformis Radoman 1973, the only two species known in the genus, which is restricted to freshwater Lake Prespa." 155608,Clessiniola variabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Clessiniola,variabilis,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1838)",

155609,Cavernisa zaschevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Cavernisa,zaschevi,,,,,"(Angelov, 1959)", 155610,Eupaludestrina macei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,macei,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1867)","There is some doubt as to the validity of this species. Pavon and Bertrand (2009) placed it in synonym with H. stagnorum, another widespread species in the Mediterranean, although it is currently accepted as a valid species by MolluscaBase (2020)." 155611,Bythiospeum alzense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,alzense,,,,,"Boeters, 2001","

This species was considered by Boeters, as a nom. nov. for Lartetia gracilis Clessin 1910 (Boeters 2001).

" 155612,Marstoniopsis macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Marstoniopsis,macedonica,,,,,"(Hadžišče, 1958)","According to Szarowska (2006) this species belongs to the European genus Marstoniopsis.

This species lies close to the sister (sub)species Marstoniopsis macedonica malaprespaensis (Malo Prespa) and Marstoniopsis macedonica graeca (Vegoritis), the only three species known in the former genus of Parabythinella Radoman, 1973, which is restricted to freshwater lakes in Greece, Albania and Macedonia." 155614,Belgrandia torifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,torifera,,,,,"Schütt, 1961", 155615,Belgrandia boscae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,boscae,,,,,"(Salvana, 1887)","Listed by Boeters (1988) under the name Belgrandia cf. marginata." 155616,Dabriana bosniaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Dabriana,bosniaca,,,,,"Radoman, 1974", 155618,Iglica luxurians,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,luxurians,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1932)", 155619,Bythiospeum drouetianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,drouetianum,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)","

This species  lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic  status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers. Bernasconi (1990) considers this taxon as a synonym of B. charpyi, but Boeters in Falkner et al. (2002) considers it as a valid species.

A conservation assessment is made based on data from the literature pending the results for full analysis for the group.

" 155620,Zaumia sanctizaumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Zaumia,sanctizaumi,,,,,"(Radoman, 1964)",


155621,Palaospeum bessoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Palaospeum,bessoni,,,,,"(Bernasconi, 1999)", 155622,Moitessieria servaini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,servaini,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1880)", 155623,Mytilopsis leucophaeata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Mytilopsis,leucophaeata,,,,,"(Conrad, 1831)", 155625,Hadziella ephippiostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hadziella,ephippiostoma,,,,,"Kušcer, 1932", 155626,Parabythinella malaprespensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Parabythinella,malaprespensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","According to Szarowska (2006) this species belongs to the European genus Marstoniopsis, but it is currently retained in Parabythinella by MolluscaBase (2022).

This species lies close to the sister (sub)species Marstoniopsis macedonica macedonica (Lake Prespa) and Marstoniopsis macedonica graeca (Vegoritis), the only three species known in the former genus of Parabythinella Radoman, 1973, which is restricted to freshwater lakes in Greece, Albania and Macedonia." 155627,Laevicaspia lincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Laevicaspia,lincta,,,,,"(Milaschewitch, 1908)","This species is listed in Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006) with various synonyms. Synonyms: borystenica Lindholm, 1929; grigorievi Alexenko & Starobogatov, 1987; milachevitchi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966; ostroumovi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966; ukrainica Alexenko & Starobogatov, 1987. Kantor et al. (2009) considered these synonyms as valid species.

This species needs a major review, and as such the information is given on each species pending such a review.

[Text requires updating: All above synonyms still maintained as such by MolluscaBase (2022) (and placed in Pyrgia and Euxinipyrgula]" 155628,Moitessieria notenboomi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,notenboomi,,,,,"Boeters, 2003","The taxon has been treated here as a species, however Moitessieria would benefit from a taxonomic review incorporating molecular systematics." 155631,Belgrandiella hershleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,hershleri,,,,,"Slapnik, 1997","

This species lies close to Belgrandiella kuesteri (Slapnik, 1997). The species would benefit from molecular approaches to confirm the species status.

" 155634,Alzoniella junqua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,junqua,,,,,"Boeters, 2000", 155635,Lanzaia skradinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaia,skradinensis,,,,,"Bole, 1992", 155637,Valvata relicta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,relicta,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)",



 

155638,Hauffenia subcarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,subcarinata,,,,,"Bole & Velkovrh, 1987", 155639,Eupaludestrina achaja,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,achaja,,,,,"(Clessin, 1878)","There are two subspecies listed for this species (Bank et al. 2006; Fauna Europea): Heleobia achaja achaja and Heleobia achaja sorella (Westerlund, 1879)" 155640,Horatia novoselensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Horatia,novoselensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1966", 155641,Plagigeyeria mostarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,mostarensis,,,,,"Kušcer, 1933", 155642,Islamia spirata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,spirata,,,,,"(Bernasconi, 1985)","This species was described as a ""forma""of Hauffenia minuta by Bernasconi (1979) from ""Bléfond, résurgence, Silley"". It was the considered as a sub-species of H. minuta by Bernasconi (1985). It is considered as a valid species by Falkner et al. (2002) although there is no data on the location of type material in the literature. This species  lies within one of the groups of subterranean snails that is in need of further research to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits.  A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group." 155643,Gyraulus crenophilus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,crenophilus,,,,,"Hubendick & Radoman, 1959",


155644,Bythiospeum moussonianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,moussonianum,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)","This species was considered by Bernasconi (1990) as a synonym of B. diaphanum but raised to the species level by Falkner et al. (2002)." 155645,Alzoniella galaica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,galaica,,,,,"(Boeters & Rolan, 1988)","This species is one of many small spring snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. Listed as Belgrandiella galaica Boeters & Rolan, 1988 in the Spanish Red List (Verdú and Galente 2006)." 155646,Sadleriana supercarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,supercarinata,,,,,"(Schütt, 1969)", 155648,Anisus strauchianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,strauchianus,,,,,"(Clessin, 1886)","This species is listed by Fauna Europea for Ukraine, there was some informal discussion as to whether it may have been a synonym of a more widespread species. The latest version of the catalogue (Kantor et al. 2009) accepts this as a valid species. As the status has been doubtful in the past, and the distributional data and population status data are rather difficult to interpret and require further review." 155649,Bithynia leachii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,leachii,,,,,"(Sheppard, 1823)","This species was previously considered to be conspecific with Bithynia troschelii (= B. transsylvanica) however, Gloer has recently shown that they are distinct species (Gloer et al. 2005).Two other species have recently been spilt by Falkner et al.(2002).  Bythinia italica is considered as a distinct species from B. leachii by Falkner et al.(2002). They restrict the name B. leachii to populations from the North and West of the Alps. Mediterranean populations are considered as a species complex, with two species proposed by Falkner : Bythinia italica and B. boissieri. Bithynia rumelica Wohlberedt, 1911 was considered a synonym of Bithynia (Codiella) leachii by Angelov (2000). Georgiev and Stoycheva (2010) noted that it was described as a new species from a thermal spring (water temperature 20° C) in the Rhodopes Mountains, Bulgaria near the town of Krichim (Wohlberedt, 1911). The only known such spring is Krichimski Vircheta, near the Vacha River. The taxonomic status of the species is unclear." 155650,Bythiospeum husmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,husmanni,,,,,"(C. Boettger, 1963)","One of many small spring-snail species that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. Recently reviewed and confirmed as a separate taxon. This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group." 155651,Sardohoratia islamioides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sardohoratia,islamioides,,,,,"Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998", 155652,Ohridohauffenia rotonda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohauffenia,rotonda,,,,,"(Radoman, 1964)","

Radoman (1985) considered the species to be close to Ohridohauffenia depressa, which is lives sympatrically within part of the range.

" 155653,Gocea ohridana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Gocea,ohridana,,,,,"Hadžišce, 1956", 155654,Alzoniella finalina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,finalina,,,,,"Giusti & Bodon, 1984", 155655,Euglesa maasseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,maasseni,,,,,"(Kuiper, 1987)","Recent molecular studies confirmed the close relationship of this species with the endemic Lake Ohrid pea clam P. edlaueri and the widespread P. nitidum (Schultheiß et al. 2008)." 155656,Belgrandiella dabriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,dabriana,,,,,"Radoman, 1975", 155657,Bythiospeum puerkhaueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,puerkhaueri,,,,,"(Clessin, 1877)","This species is one of many small spring-snail species that can be most easily identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system.  There are two subspecies currently recognised: Bythiospeum puerkhaueri puerkhaueri (Clessin, 1877) and Bythiospeum puerkhaueri gibbula (Flach, 1886) (Gloer 2002).

Gloer and Zettler (2005) noted that in Germany nearly 70 different ""species"" were originally described, which were reduced by Bolling (1965) to three species, so for some periods there was little recording. In this problematic genus, they continued to list those species and subspecies of the Check List of European Continental Mollusca (CLECOM) list, but noting that as long as we adhere solely to the shells there will be no progress. A revision of this genus is urgently needed and in Stuttgart, research with DNA analysis is ongoing for this problem. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of a full analysis for the group using Falkner & Niederhof (2008). However, unless there is indicated active specific species survey data, some species listed as Extinct or possibly Extinct have been placed into threatened categories." 155658,Bythiospeum heldii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,heldii,,,,,"(Clessin, 1909)","This species was originally regarded as a synonym of B. acicula, and has now been segregated as a distinct species.

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group." 155660,Islamia bendidis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,bendidis,,,,,"Reischütz, 1988","

Although the shells look similar to Horatia (Daphniola) exigua this can not be assigned as there are anatomical differences (Reischutz 1988).

" 155661,Belgrandiella kreisslorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,kreisslorum,,,,,"P. Reischütz, 1997",

One of many small spring-snail species that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 

155666,Moitessieria meijersae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,meijersae,,,,,"Boeters, 2003","The taxon has been treated here as a species, but is one of several species of Moitessieria that are known only based on their shells, and that would benefit from a taxonomic review incorporating molecular systematics." 155668,Belgrandia varica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,varica,,,,,"(J. Paget, 1854)","Described in 1854, identified by Paladilhe in 1870, but never found again since. This species has not been studied properly since then and its taxonomic status remains doubtful. Could be in fact Belgrandia marginata." 155669,Belgrandia thermalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,thermalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 155670,Xestopyrgula dybowskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Xestopyrgula,dybowskii,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)",


155671,Corrosella falkneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,falkneri,,,,,"Boeters, 1970", 155673,Saxurinator schlickumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Saxurinator,schlickumi,,,,,"Schütt, 1960", 155674,Alzoniella cornucopia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,cornucopia,,,,,"(De Stefani, 1880)", 155676,Eupaludestrina spinellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,spinellii,,,,,"(Gredler, 1860)", 155677,Paladilhiopsis grobbeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,grobbeni,,,,,"Kuscer, 1928","Two subspecies are currently listed for this species in Fauna Europea:
Paladilhiopsis grobbeni grobbeni (Kuscer, 1928)
Paladilhiopsis grobbeni anzeianum Schutt, 1962" 155678,Palaospeum hispanicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Palaospeum,hispanicum,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155680,Caspia makarovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Caspia,makarovi,,,,,"(Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966)","The generic status of this species is uncertain, as it was originally listed as Caspiohydrobia, but in Kantor et al. (2010), this species is listed as Caspia makarovi  and so Fauna Europea is now listing under this name as well, Caspiohydrobia seems to apply to the Aral Sea species only." 155681,Terranigra kosovica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Terranigra,kosovica,,,,,"Radoman, 1978", 155683,Moitessieria robresia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,robresia,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155685,Ohrigocea samuili,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohrigocea,samuili,,,,,"Hadžišce, 1959","This is one of five spring snails described in this genus, and restricted to Lake Ohrid. These species are all lacustrine-spring species and occur sympatrically. It is difficult to distinguish the different species of this genus and more than one species might be conspecific.


" 155686,Kerkia jadertina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Kerkia,jadertina,,,,,"Kuščer, 1933",


155687,Bythinella cebennensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,cebennensis,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1851)", 155688,Marstoniopsis armoricana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Marstoniopsis,armoricana,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)","The Marstoniopsis species from Western Europe have been synonymised by Falniowski and Wilke (2001) under the name M. scholtzi. This study doesn't include any specimen of Marstoniopsis armoricana. However, it is likely that further studies will show that it is also M. scholtzi." 155689,Bithynia italica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,italica,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1880)","

Bythinia italica is considered as a distinct species from B. leachi by Falkner et al.(2002). They restrict the name B. leachi to populations from the North and West of the Alps. Mediterranean populations are considered as a species complex, with two species proposed by Falkner : Bythinia italica and B. boissieri. The name B. italica is based on material from SMF, and applies applies to type locality Novoli near the Fosso Macinante, west of Florence It is mentioned by Falkner et al.(2002) from Pietracorbara  in Corsica (""Cape Corse"" only) ; and Viareggio and Lago di Massaciuccoli in Italia, where it is syntopic with B. boissieri.

" 155690,Graziana vrbasensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,vrbasensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1975", 155691,Ampullaceana relicta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Ampullaceana,relicta,,,,,"(Poliński, 1929)","The subpopulation found in the feeder springs system is considered to be genetically distinct from the rest of the population (Albrecht et al. 2008). If this subpopulation is described as a valid species, its Red List status will need to be reviewed." 155693,Alzoniella haicabia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,haicabia,,,,,"Boeters, 2000","This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. Alzoniella haicabia was described by Boeters in 2000, and may be one of several species that require revision if there is any molecular systematic treatments to review the status of the species and allied species in France." 155694,Graziana alpestris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,alpestris,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1863)", 155695,Lyhnidia hadzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Lyhnidia,hadzii,,,,,"Hadzisce, 1959", 155696,Paladilhiopsis robiciana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,robiciana,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)","There are three subspecies known for this species:

  1. Paladilhiopsis robiciana robiciana Slovenia, Italy
  2. Paladilhiopsis robiciana illustris Croatia
  3. Paladilhiopsis robiciana kostanjevicae Slovenia, Croatia
  4. Paladilhiopsis robiciana trebnikanum Slovenia.
" 155697,Bythinella charpentieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,charpentieri,,,,,"(Roth, 1855)", 155698,Ohrigocea stankovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohrigocea,stankovici,,,,,"(Hadžišce, 1959)","This is one of five spring snails that is described in this genus and is restricted to Lake Ohrid. These species are all lacustrine-spring species and occur sympatrically. It is difficult to distinguish the different species of this genus and more than one species might be conspecific (C. Albrecht et al. pers. comm. 2009).


" 155699,Belgrandia heussi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,heussi,,,,,"C. Boettger, 1963","Belgrandia heussi was listed by de Matos (2004), as having two subspecies in Portugal: Belgrandia heussi heussi Boettger, 1963 and Belgrandia heussi alcoaensis Boettger, 1963. Haase (2000) suggests that further material and taxonomic research may support the separation of Belgrandia alcoaensis Boettger, 1963. Rolan and Oliveira (2009) now have separated these two taxa into different species and noted that there is variability within the material currently attributed to Belgrandia heussi, however there were insufficient differences in shells or anatomy to support further separation of these populations." 155702,Bythiospeum excessum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,excessum,,,,,"(Mahler, 1951)","

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group.

" 155703,Corrosella navasiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,navasiana,,,,,"(Fagot, 1907)", 155704,Ancylus aduncus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,aduncus,,,,,"A.A. Gould, 1847","This species has often been placed in synonym with the widespread European river limpet Ancylus fluviatilis.  The current status of this taxon is uncertain as the Madeiran populations were not examined by Albrecht et al. (2006), in their review of the phylogeny and taxonomic status of the river freshwater limpets in Europe. Several different species were recognised within the European river limpet Ancylus fluviatilis, some of which have a species name, other clades were more difficult to assign to a species name.
" 155705,Belgrandia moitessieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,moitessieri,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1866)","This species was considered as a valid species by Haase (V. Prie, pers. comm. 2010)" 155706,Belgrandiella zermanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,zermanica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155707,Paladilhia jamblussensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,jamblussensis,,,,,"Bertrand, 2004",This is a recently described taxon. There is a lack of knowledge concerning this species. 155708,Bythinella rondelaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,rondelaudi,,,,,"Bernasconi, 2000","Considering the taxonomic complexity of the genus Bythinella (see for example Bernasconi 2000; Falkner et al. 2002) and the results of recent molecular analyses of french species (Bichain et al. 2007), some of the described species are taxonomically doubtful and in need of taxonomic revision. The indications from the recent literature suggest that it is difficult to base species level differences on conchological characters, and hence the information may need revision in the light of molecular and anatomical data." 155709,Spiralix gloriae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,gloriae,,,,,"(Rolán & Martínez-Ortí, 2003)","This species was originally described as Bythiospeum and later placed with the genus Spiralix." 155710,Pseudamnicola malickyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,malickyi,,,,,"Schütt, 1980", 155711,Bythinella baudoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,baudoni,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1874)","Should be considered as data deficient given the taxonomic doubt. See Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review." 155712,Alzoniella montana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,montana,,,,,"(Rolan, 1992)","The shell of Alzoniella montana is similar to, but smaller than that of A. (A.) cantabrica. Occurs sympatric with A. (A.) oventenis (UP11), A. (A.) cantabrica (UN57, VN68), A. (Navarriella) pellitica (WN19, WP00, WP10, WP20) or Bythinella spec. (WN19, WP00, WP10, WP20)" 155713,Iglica elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,elongata,,,,,"Kušcer, 1933", 155714,Belgrandia gfrast,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,gfrast,,,,,"Haase, 2000", 155715,Alzoniella rolani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,rolani,,,,,"(Boeters, 1986)","Marian Ramos (pers. comm., 2011) suggests that this species may require further revision, once new data on distributions and species limits have been evaluated." 155716,Melanopsis tricarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,tricarinata,,,,,"Bruguiere, 1789", 155718,Saxurinator hadzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Saxurinator,hadzii,,,,,"(Bole, 1961)", 155720,Stankovicia baicaliiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Stankovicia,baicaliiformis,,,,,"Polinski, 1929","


" 155722,Hippeutis stossichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Hippeutis,stossichi,,,,,"(Clessin, 1881)", 155723,Bythinella turriculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,turriculata,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)","Considering the taxonomic complexity of the genus Bythinella (see for example Bernasconi 2000; Falkner et al. 2002) and the results of recent molecular analyses (Bichain et al. 2007 ; Benke et al. 2009), most of the described species from France are taxonomically doubtful and in need of taxonomic revision. Based on this literature, it is not possible to apply a name to most of populations of Bythinella. It is therefore impossible to map the ranges of the species, nor to give them an assessment. See Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review." 155725,Bythinella cretensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,cretensis,,,,,"Schütt, 1980", 155726,Islamia ateni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,ateni,,,,,"(Boeters, 1969)", 155727,Diegus gasulli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Diegus,gasulli,,,,,"Boeters, 1981", 155728,Pseudamnicola confinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,confinis,,,,,"(Brancsik, 1897)", 155729,Gyraulus stankovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,stankovici,,,,,"Hadzisce, 1955", 155732,Guadiella arconadae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Guadiella,arconadae,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155733,Bythinella roubionensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,roubionensis,,,,,"Caziot, 1910","Given the taxonomic complexity of the genus Bythinella (see for example Bernasconi 2000; Falkner et al. 2002) and the results of recent molecular analyses (Bichain et al. 2007 ; Benke et al. 2009), most of the described species are taxonomically doubtful and in need of taxonomic revision.  However, B. roubionensis is considered to be a valid species and is therefore assessed here." 155734,Ecrobia ventrosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ecrobia,ventrosa,,,,,"(Montagu, 1803)","The officially accepted name for this species is Ecrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803). A close relationship between North American and European taxa of the H. ventrosa clade has been suggested by Wilke et al. (2000) although this relationship has not been tested at a molecular level. Some have considered that this group merits generic standing as ventrosa, however the use of a separate genus to distinguish this species is contentious and Haase (1993) considered this to be unjustified on genetic distance criteria." 155735,Paladilhia conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,conica,,,,,"Paladilhe, 1867",This species is in need of taxonomic revision but is currently accepted as valid by MolluscaBase (2022). 155737,Microcolpia parreyssii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Microcolpia,parreyssii,,,,,"(Philippi, 1847)","This species was long believed a member of Melanopsis genus. Recently, Smolen and Falniowski (2009), based on mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis, claimed that this species is closely related to Microcolpia daudebartii (='Fagotia acicularis') and phylogenetically is distant from other Melanopsis species.

A radiocarbon dated paleontological and geological survey of Sümegi et al. (2012a,b) confirmed its relationship with Microcolpia, more specifically, they have found that 'M. parreyssii' evolved during the Holocene and can be considered the thermal morph of Microcolpia daudebartii (='Fagotia acicularis'). Neubauer et al. (2014), therefore, suggest using the name Microcolpia parreyssii." 155738,Turricaspia chersonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,chersonica,,,,,"Alexenko & Starobogatov, 1987","This species is considered nomen dubium by MolluscaBase (2022).

Turricaspia B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915 is the type genus of the Turricaspiinae, which is a synonym of Pyrgulinae." 155739,Prespolitorea valvataeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Prespolitorea,valvataeformis,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","This species lies close to a sister species Prespolitorea malaprespaensis Radoman 1973, the only two species known in the genus, which is restricted to freshwater Lake Mikri Prespa." 155740,Hauffenia wagneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,wagneri,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1928)", 155741,Pseudamnicola penchinati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,penchinati,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1870)", 155742,Anagastina zetaevallis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Anagastina,zetaevallis,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)", 155743,Bithynia walderdorffii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,walderdorffii,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1865", 155744,Iglica giustii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,giustii,,,,,"Bodon & Giovannelli, 1994", 155745,Bythinella abbreviata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,abbreviata,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)","This species is one of many small Hydrobids that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system, however  these species are in urgent need of a review incorporating conchological characters, anatomical characters and molecular characters in order to understand the relationships with other taxa (Haase et al. 2007).  This species is still considered as a valid species. It was originally described from the Rhône alluviums near Lyon, but from floodline debris so the precise location in the river catchment is unknown. According to Boeters (1998), the species lives in springs of the Jura (source de la Loue), but Bythinella population from this site are considered by Falkner et al. (2002) as B. geisserti and as such the distribution remains uncertain (V. Prie pers. comm. 2009). Given this uncertainty it should be considered as Data Deficient due to taxonomic doubt (V. Prie pers. comm 2009)." 155746,Travunijana tribunicae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Travunijana,tribunicae,,,,,"(Schütt, 1963)", 155748,Islamia epirana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,epirana,,,,,"(Schütt, 1962)","Regnier et al. (2009) suggest that Horatia hadea was a synonym of this species, however Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006) have listed both species, Islamia epirana and I. hadei, and as such, until further research is undertaken they are maintained as separate species." 155749,Bythinella micherdzinskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,micherdzinskii,,,,,"Falniowski, 1980", 155750,Hadziella anti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hadziella,anti,,,,,"Schütt, 1960", 155751,Adriohydrobia gagatinella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Adriohydrobia,gagatinella,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)", 155752,Valvata rhabdota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,rhabdota,,,,,"Sturany, 1894", 155753,Bythinella rufescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,rufescens,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)","The status of the species requires review in the light of molecular work on other Bythinella species in France and Germany which revealed that shell characters alone are not a good guide to species limits (Benke et al. 2007, Bichain et al. 2007)." 155754,Moitessieria lludrigaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,lludrigaensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2003","The taxon has been treated here as a species, but is one of several species of Moitessieria that are known only based on their shells, and that would benefit from a taxonomic review incorporating molecular systematics." 155756,Lithoglyphus prasinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Lithoglyphus,prasinus,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)","The taxonomic status of this species requires review, although it is currently listed as a separate species." 155757,Bythiospeum transsylvanicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,transsylvanicum,,,,,"(Rotarides, 1943)","

This species is placed by some researchers in the genus Paladilhia.

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine their taxonomic status. No research is available on the species limits for the Romanian species. A conservation assessment is being made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of the full analysis of the group.

" 155758,Sardopaladilhia buccina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Sardopaladilhia,buccina,,,,,"Rolán & Martínez-Ortí, 2003","This species was provisionally placed in Sardopaladihlia, based on similarity in shell characters, but this placement maybe reviewed following future anatomical research." 155759,Ampullaceana pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Ampullaceana,pinteri,,,,,"Schütt, 1974","MolluscaBase (2021) maintains as Ampullaceana relicta ssp. pinteri (Schütt, 1974)" 155760,Lanzaia elephantota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaia,elephantota,,,,,"(Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824)","Lanzaia elephantota was described in 1824 as a marine organism of the Dalmatian coast. More than 100 years later it was discovered to be a member of the subterranean fauna. Kabat and Hershler (1993) reviewed the type localities of genera in the spring-snails noting that: 'Bole (1970:99-102; 109) compared Lanzaia with Plagigeyeria Tomlin, 1930 and Saxurinator Schütt, 1960, and described the anatomy of these taxa (Schutt 1968). Nordsieck (1972:172) referred Lanzaia to the new subfamily ""Foliniinae"" of the Rissoidae. Bole and Velkovrh (1986) listed several phreatic taxa of Lanzaia; however, five of the species are actually nomina nuda'." 155762,Sarajana apfelbecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sarajana,apfelbecki,,,,,"(Brancsik, 1888)","Four subspecies are currently recognised for this species; the nominate subspecies apfelbecki (Brancsik, 1888), Sarajana apfelbecki driniana Radoman, 1975, Sarajana apfelbecki erythropoma (Schütt, 1959), and Sarajana apfelbecki travnicensis Radoman, 1975.

Should any review show that these subspecies merit elevation to species status, then the threat assessment will need to be revised." 155763,Islamia bosniaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,bosniaca,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155764,Spiralix burgundina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,burgundina,,,,,"(Locard, 1882)","Spiralix burgundina was considered by Bernasconi (1994) as a synonym of Spiralix rayi, whereas Boeters (1972 ; 1998) placed it as a subspecies of Spiralix rayi and  Falkner et al. (2002) listed it as a valid species. There is insufficient data on the range/status of these subpopulations, as as such until more data is available the species should be considered as taxonomically doubtful." 155765,Eupaludestrina aponensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,aponensis,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1858)", 155766,Planorbis moquini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbis,moquini,,,,,"Requien, 1848", 155767,Boetersiella davisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Boetersiella,davisi,,,,,"Arconada & Ramos, 2001", 155768,Belgrandia stochi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,stochi,,,,,"Bodon, Manganelli & Giusti, 1996", 155769,Bythiospeum racovitzai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,racovitzai,,,,,"(Germain, 1911)","This taxon was considered by Bernasconi (1990) to be synonym of B. diaphanum charpyi but it was raised to the species level by Falkner et al. (2002).   This species  lies within one of the groups of subterranean snails that is in need of further research to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits.  A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group." 155770,Paladilhiopsis virei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,virei,,,,,"(Locard, 1903)", 155771,Lanzaia vjetrenicae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaia,vjetrenicae,,,,,"Kuscer, 1933","Fauna Europea (Bank et al., 2006) lists 3 subspecies for this species, which are all treated as a single species here. However a taxonomic review is required to confirm their status as one taxa given the differences in other groups once molecular characters have been used.

Lanzaia vjetrenicae vjetrenicae Kuščer, 1933 recorded from Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Herzegovina. 

Lanzaia vjetrenicae kusceri Karaman, 1954 recorded from Croatia.

Lanzaia vjetrenicae latecostata Schütt, 1968 recorded from Croatia." 155772,Bythinella vimperei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,vimperei,,,,,"Bernasconi, 2000","This is a recently described species. See Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review." 155773,Stankovicia pavlovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Stankovicia,pavlovici,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)","Previously placed in genera Macedopyrgula Radoman, 1983 and Trachypyrgula Radoman, 1955, but now considered part of genus Stankovicia (Bank et al. 2006, Fauna Europea)." 155774,Clameia brooki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Clameia,brooki,,,,,"Boeters & E. Gittenberger, 1990",Most of the representatives of the subfamily are in western Mediterranean and occur within subterranean waters. 155775,Mercuria sarahae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,sarahae,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)","Falkner et al. 2002 noted that Boeters (1971) suspected this was a valid species based on conchological characters, however the presence of a different species has been confimed by dissection of topotypes from the type locality. However it may have been overlooked by collectors as this group are under-recorded." 155776,Bythiospeum helveticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,helveticum,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)","Falkner and Niederhof (2008) discuss the problems with the taxonomy of the species and various issues with the nomenclature on the taxon. For example, Turner et al. (1998: 79) put Bythiospeum helveticum (Clessin 1882) in the synonymy of Bythiospeum diaphanum sterkianum (Clessin 1882)." 155777,Pseudamnicola leontina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,leontina,,,,,"Grossu, 1986", 155778,Hydrobia pontieuxini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,pontieuxini,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","This species is now considered to be a synonym of Ventrosia maritima  (Milaschewitsch, 1916) based on recent molecular work by Kevrekidis et al. (2005) who reviewed the taxonomic status based on mitochondrial DNA sequences from specimens recorded from Evros delta, Greece. In the past this species was considered to be part of V. ventrosa by many authors (Van Damme pers. comm. 2009), however, V. ventrosa is now considered to be a separate taxa to V. maritima based on the data from Kevrekidis et al. (2005)." 155779,Valvata hirsutecostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,hirsutecostata,,,,,"Polinski, 1929","Molecular analysis suggested that this species might be the same as Valvata rhabdota (Hauswald et al. 2008)." 155780,Bythinella molcsany,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,molcsany,,,,,"H. Wagner, 1941","Correct name is Bythinella molcsanyi H. Wagner, 1941 (see also Fehér et al. 2008)" 155781,Radomaniola bosniaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,bosniaca,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)", 155782,Euglesa supina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,supina,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1850)", 155783,Iglica gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,gracilis,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)", 155785,Bythiospeum diaphanoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,diaphanoides,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1985","This species was originally described as a subspecies of B. bressanum by Bernasconi (1985). Falkner et al. (2002) raised it to the species level. The taxonomy of the Bythiospeum genus needs a comprehensive taxonomic revision." 155787,Moitessieria foui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,foui,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155788,Salenthydrobia ferrerii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Salenthydrobia,ferrerii,,,,,"Wilke, 2003", 155789,Planorbis macedonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbis,macedonicus,,,,,"Sturany, 1894", 155790,Lanzaia kotlusae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaia,kotlusae,,,,,"Bole, 1992", 155791,Radomaniola elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,elongata,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)","The name of the genus was previously Orientalina." 155792,Bythinella ferussina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,ferussina,,,,,"(Des Moulins, 1827)","Considering the taxonomic complexity of the genus Bythinella (see for example Bernasconi 2000; Falkner et al. 2002) and the results of recent molecular analyses (Bichain et al. 2007 ; Benke et al. 2009), many of the described species are taxonomically doubtful and in need of taxonomic revision. Therefore this assessment is provisional pending review of most of populations of Bythinella." 155794,Belgrandiella substricta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,substricta,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1932)", 155795,Plagigeyeria zetaprotogona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,zetaprotogona,,,,,"Schütt, 1960","There are four subspecies known for Plagigeyeria zetaprotogona in addition to the nominate race: Plagigeyeria zetaprotogona pageti Schutt, 1960; Plagigeyeria zetaprotogona vitoja Reischutz & Reischutz, 2008, Plagigeyeria zetaprotogona zetadidyma Schutt, 1960. Most of these subspecies are restricted to single sites in Montenegro, although one P. z. zetatridyma Schutt, 1960 extends to Bosnia and Herzegovina." 155799,Radomaniola tritonum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,tritonum,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1852)", 155800,Iglica tellinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,tellinii,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1887)", 155801,Palaospeum septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Palaospeum,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Rolán & Ramos, 1995)", 155802,Pseudamnicola pieperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,pieperi,,,,,"Schütt, 1980", 155803,Iglica relicta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,relicta,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1937)", 155804,Avenionia bourguignati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Avenionia,bourguignati,,,,,"(Locard, 1883)","In need of taxonomic clarification (cf. Avenionia roberti from Belgium and Germany)." 155806,Ohridohauffenia minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohauffenia,minuta,,,,,"(Radoman, 1955)",


155807,Hauffenia subpiscinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,subpiscinalis,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1932)", 155808,Hydrobia newtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,newtoni,,,,,"(Gude, 1913)","This species is currently in need of taxonomic review as some authors considered this to be a form of the widespread Hydrobia ventrosa. In Fauna Europaea, the following are regarded as synonyms of this species:

  • Caspiohydrobia convexa Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1966
  • Caspiohydrobia eichwaldiana Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966

Kantor et al. (2009) regard all of the above as potentially available species names." 155809,Marstoniopsis croatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Marstoniopsis,croatica,,,,,"Schütt, 1974","Although Marstoniopsis scholtzi (A. Schmidt, 1856) and M. insubrica (Küster, 1853), have been placed into one species, Marstoniopsis insubrica, there is no molecular research on the status of Marstoniopsis croatica, and hence it is treated as a valid species. Schutt (1980) noted that the shells were between M. steini and M. insubrica but larger, with more indented [Type material SMF 229192, NMW 79033]." 155810,Bythiospeum dubium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,dubium,,,,,"(Geyer, 1904)","

Falkner and Niederhofner (2008) discuss the nomenclatural issues and difficulties with defining the types of this species. This species  lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine their taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of the full analysis for the group.

" 155811,Acroloxus tetensi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,tetensi,,,,,"(Kušcer, 1832)", 155812,Hydrobia montenegrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,montenegrina,,,,,"(Schütt, 1959)","This species is listed in MolluscaBase (2022) and attributed to Schütt (1959). In his paper in Archiv fur Molluskunde (88) only Paladilhiopsis montenegrina was described, which is now Saxurinator montenegrinus, also assessed in the Red List. This listing is uncertain and requires confirmation.

The taxonomic status of this species is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022)." 155813,Palacanthilhiopsis margritae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Palacanthilhiopsis,margritae,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003","This species was recently described by Boeters and Falkner (2003), but Bertrand (2004) states it is hardly distinguished from P. vervierii." 155814,Anisus leucostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,leucostoma,,,,,"(Millet, 1813)",Originally listed as Anisus septemgyratus (M. Seddon pers. comm 2009). 155815,Melanopsis praemorsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,praemorsa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Melanopsis is a difficult genus subject to considerable controversy, specifically because of discrepancies between morphological and molecular analyses. In the last two decades, all morphological distinct morphs of the species have been considered as separate species and have been split of from the praemorsa superspecies, but some morphs (e.g. smooth elongate morphs) still provide considerable amounts of debate amongst taxonomists (D. Van Damme pers. comm. 2011).

For example, the Melanopsis of the Levant region show a high degree of morphological variation and there is considerable disagreement over how many species of Melanopsis exist there (Heller et al. 2005). Heller et al. (2005) conclude that ten Melanopsis species occur in the Levant, one of which consists of four subspecies (M. costata). This conclusion disagrees with that of Glaubrecht (1993, 1996, 1999 in Heller et al. 2005) who suggested only two taxa. Further study is therefore essential to disentangle the taxonomic status of the various morphs of this species." 155816,Lanzaia bosnica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaia,bosnica,,,,,"Bole, 1970", 155817,Belgrandia minuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,minuscula,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1881)", 155819,Alzoniella murita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,murita,,,,,"Boeters, 2003","

The ongoing taxonomic revisions of spring snails may require review of the taxonomic status of this species. The generic placement of this species in Alzoniella is preliminary since no anatomical data are available. Consequently it has not been included within any subgenera of Alzoniella.

" 155821,Euglesa pseudosphaerium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,pseudosphaerium,,,,,"(J. Favre, 1927)","The correct authority for this species has been disputed. We follow MolluscaBase (2021) which adopts the approach of Bank (2011) in considering the correct authority of this species name to be 'J. Favre, 1927' as opposed to 'Ehrmann, 1933' proposed by Welter-Schultes (2011, 2012)." 155822,Sadleriana bulgarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,bulgarica,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)",The taxonomy of this species needs to be checked as the local experts are not sure about the exact name. 155823,Islamia germaini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,germaini,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003","This species is described on the basis of the material from the Germain collection only (MNHN, Paris). It has never been surveyed since, or has never been found again." 155825,Islamia piristoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,piristoma,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 2002", 155826,Bythinella kapelana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,kapelana,,,,,"Radoman, 1976","

Benke et al. (2009) found that this species lies within their clade II with B. bavarica and B. magna and Bythinella sp. They noted a mismatch in distribution analyses were applicable for populations of the Dinarids (IIc) located in Croatia possibly because there were too few individuals. The NCA in this clade revealed allopatric fragmentation between populations of the ‘Alpenvorland’/ ‘Schwäbische Alb’ (IIa) and the Dinarids (IIc), and between all three groups within this clade. Genetic diversity, mismatch distribution analyses, and results of the NCA indicate a refugial area located on the Balkan Peninsula (Dinarids).

" 155827,Lyhnidia gjorgjevici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Lyhnidia,gjorgjevici,,,,,"Hadzisce, 1959",


155830,Moitessieria calloti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,calloti,,,,,"Girardi, 2004", 155832,Bythinella eutrepha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,eutrepha,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1867)","Originally regarded as a subspecies, Falkner et al., 2002 followed Bernasconi (2000), who separated this taxa from Bythinella cebennensis (Dupuy 1851).  Falkner et al., 2002 also placed Paludinella anianensis (Paladihle 1870) as a synonym of this species. Material from the Paladilhe collection is polytypic (V. Prie pers. comm. 2009): the shells from the Herault basin seem to belong to B. eurystoma, while the shells from the River Lez seem to  belong to a different species. Bythinella eutrepha should then be considered as a distinct species endemic to the Lez drainage." 155833,Plesiella guipuzcoa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plesiella,guipuzcoa,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155834,Bythinella simoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,simoniana,,,,,"(Moquin-Tandon, 1856)", 155835,Hydrobia acuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,acuta,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","Two subspecies are recognised;

Hydrobia acuta ssp. acuta (Draparnaud 1805), and
Hydrobia acuta ssp. neglecta Muus, 1963." 155836,Belgrandiella pageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,pageti,,,,,"Schütt, 1970", 155837,Alzoniella ovetensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,ovetensis,,,,,"(Rolan, 1992)", 155838,Pauluccinella minima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pauluccinella,minima,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1881)", 155839,Bythiospeum clessini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,clessini,,,,,"(Weinland, 1883)","The type locality of Bythiospeum clessini is ""Schönthal Württembergiae in alluviis fluminis Chase ""(Weinland 1883a, 1983b; Geyer 1907a).

Falkner and Niederhöfer (2008) discuss the problems with the taxonomy of the species and various issues with the nomenclature on the taxon. ""Vitrella franconica"" Geyer, 1904 was a common species name for the varieties of  various French  species, and so according to Falkner, the name Vitrella franconica ""is thus regarded as a name for a hypothetical concept"" and has no status in the Zoological Nomenclature (Code Article 1.3.1).

The following nominal taxa are interpreted here as synonyms of Bythiospeum clessini clessini (Weinland, 1883):
  • Vitrella kraussii Weinland, 1883 (1883a: 80; 1883B: 125-126, fig 4): type locality is identical to that of Vitrella clessini;
  • Vitrella franconica var spirata Geyer, 1904: 325; described from 14 springs;
  • Lectotypus by Zilch (1970: 325, Plate 17 Fig 15) ""tailor Fountain at Adolzhausen "";
  • Vitrella franconica var spirilla Geyer, 1904: 326-327; described from five springs;
  • Lectotypus locus typicus by Zilch (1970: 326; Plate 17 Fig 13) in a small spring below the  small pond;
  • Geyer (1907a: 412-413) himself synonymised ""Franconica"" kraussi [sic] and spirilla already clessini. Since Geyer (1907a: 415) from ""between multiple sources Vorbachand Jagst"" also the common occurrence of spirata boasts of ""transitional forms Clessini"" and real clessini is also synonymous spirata.
This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group. Three subspecies are currently recognised by Bank et al. (2006)  moenanum (Flach, 1886), posterum (Geyer, 1904) and septentrionale (Schütt, 1960).
" 155840,Ecrobia atuca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ecrobia,atuca,,,,,"(Boeters, 1988)","This species was previously considered to be part of Hydrobia (Ventrosa) ventrosa, the species was separated by Boeters (1988)." 155841,Valvata macrostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,macrostoma,,,,,"Mörch, 1864", 155842,Plagigeyeria plagiostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,plagiostoma,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","

The genus Plagigeyeria Tomlin, 1930 was a replacement name for Geyeria Wagner, 1914, non Buchecker et al. 1876. It was originally listed as Geyeria plagiostoma Wagner, 1914. 

" 155843,Eupaludestrina dalmatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,dalmatica,,,,,"(Radoman, 1974)","The species has been listed as a synonym of Heleobia stagnorum (Gofas et al. 2001). MolluscaBase (2022) maintains it as a distinct species.
" 155844,Islamia zermanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,zermanica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155845,Bythinella bertrandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,bertrandi,,,,,"Bernasconi, 2000","The status of this species requires further research, but has been sampled by Bichain, and hence the review is currently in progress." 155846,Eupaludestrina canariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,canariensis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 155847,Bythiospeum putei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,putei,,,,,"(Geyer, 1904)","Glöer and Zettler (2005) noted that in Germany nearly 70 different ""species"" were originally described, which were reduced by Bolling (1965) to three species, so while there is not a viable approach for this problematic genus, they continued to list those species and subspecies on CLECOM (Check List of European Continental Mollusca), but noting that as long as we adhere solely to the shells there will be no progress. A revision of this genus is urgently needed and in Stuttgart, research with DNA analysis is ongoing for this problem. Falkner and Niederhöfer (2008) discuss taxonomic and nomenclature issues for this species.

There are currently two subspecies listed for this species: putei (Geyer, 1904) and roesleri (Geyer, 1904). This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.
" 155848,Palaospeum nanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Palaospeum,nanum,,,,,"Boeters & Bertrand, 2001","It is known only from one shell, description based on its small size. According to the authors of the description themselves, it could be a juvenile of P. bessoni." 155849,Alzoniella cantabrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,cantabrica,,,,,"(Boeters, 1983)","

Originally placed by Boeters (1983) as part of Belgrandiella cantabrica.

" 155850,Corrosella hydrobiopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,hydrobiopsis,,,,,"(Boeters, 1999)", 155851,Belgrandiella saxatilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,saxatilis,,,,,"(Reynies, 1844)","Hereby, we consider Belgrandiella saxatilis as a widespread species in Aude, Herault, Gard, Tarn and Tarn-et-Garonne departments, as was previously considered by malacologists (Falkner et al. 2002, Girardi 2003). Work has commenced on the revision of this group (see Falkner and Boeters 2009) and views are changing on the systematics of the Belgrandiella and Belgrandia from the Herault valley (Prie, pers. comm. 2010). These results make it impossible to fully confirm the numerous Belgrandiella found in this part of France. Thus we have assessed the species using the current species concept, whilst research continues on the numerous taxa." 155852,Hadziella sketi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hadziella,sketi,,,,,"Bole, 1961","
" 155853,Sphaerium rivicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,rivicola,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1818)", 155854,Mercuria zopissa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,zopissa,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1882)", 155855,Valvata klemmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,klemmi,,,,,"Schütt, 1962","According to Hauswald et al. (2008) this species shows no significant differences within the COI gene fragment to the Balkan widespread Valvata sp.1." 155856,Emmericia ventricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Emmericia,ventricosa,,,,,"Brusina, 1870","This is one of the four recognized extant species of this genus; three of which are found in subterranean habitats: E. ventricosa Brusina 1870 (Bole and Velkovrh 1986), from caves around the Popovo Polje, E. patula Brumati 1838 and E. narentana Bourguignat, 1880 (Komarek 1953: 331) from underground sources of the Dinarides.  There are many different names in Bourguignat, 1880, and some of these may be synonyms which could extend the range.  Further research is needed on these taxa to resolve the range and limits." 155857,Gyraulus trapezoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,trapezoides,,,,,"Poliński, 1929", 155858,Bythiospeum exiguum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,exiguum,,,,,"(Geyer, 1904)","

This species  lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic  status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.

Falkner and Niederhöfer (2008) discuss the problems with the taxonomy of the species and various issues with the nomenclature on the taxon. Bythiospeum exiguum is now regarded as a local endemic in a single groundwater basin, the Randecker Maar, and Bythiospeum exiguum was examined anatomically by and listed by Hans Boeters as his ""Species 2"" (Falkner and Niederhöfer 2008).

" 155859,Viviparus ater,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,ater,,,,,"(De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)","This species has four recognised subspecies (MolluscaBase 2022):

  • Viviparus ater ssp. ater (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)
  • Viviparus ater ssp. gallensteini (Kobelt, 1892)
  • Viviparus ater ssp. hellenicus (Clessin, 1879)
  • Viviparus ater ssp. janinensis (Mousson, 1859)

Bank et al. (2006) recognised two subspecies in addition to the nominate race, gallensteini (Kobelt, 1892) from Croatia and Slovenia, and hellenicus (Clessin 1879) from Greece." 155860,Mercuria edmundi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,edmundi,,,,,"Boeters, 1986", 155863,Pyrgohydrobia grochmalickii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgohydrobia,grochmalickii,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)","

Only four species are currently placed in this genus. Three of these lie in the Lake Ohrid catchment, two in springs and the other in the lake. The fourth species is from Lake Prespa, which feed the aquifer supplying the water to Ohrid.  This species is going under a systematic review and might be merged with P. jablanicensis and P. sanctinaumi (C. Albrecht et al. pers. comm. 2009) in which case the Red List status of this taxon, and the others, will need to be reviewed.

" 155864,Phreatica bolei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Phreatica,bolei,,,,,"Velkovrh, 1970", 155865,Plesiella navarrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plesiella,navarrensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155866,Bythinella robiciana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,robiciana,,,,,"(Clessin, 1890)","This is a species aggregate with many populations over a wide range of countries.  However there are various other species that could be viewed as part of the species group, B. robiciana, and B. samecana, as the species group is under review for their molecular systematics. The species have been assessed based on their current described status, in order to assess their conservation status (Z. Feher, pers. comm, 2009)." 155867,Bythiospeum bormanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,bormanni,,,,,"Stojaspal, 1978","This species has been formerly regarded as a subspecies of Bythiospeum tschapecki (Clessin, 1882) (Stojaspal 1978).

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group.

" 155868,Radomaniola seminula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,seminula,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1863)", 155869,Bythiospeum vallei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,vallei,,,,,"(Giusti & Pezzoli, 1976)", 155870,Radomaniola callosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,callosa,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1881)","
" 155871,Turricaspia triton,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,triton,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1838)","This species requires taxonomic revision using molecular systematics, as the species limits may require revision." 155872,Gyraulus clymene,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,clymene,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 155873,Boetersiella sturmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Boetersiella,sturmi,,,,,"(Rosenhauer, 1856)", 155877,Graziana quadrifoglio,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,quadrifoglio,,,,,"Haase, 2003", 155878,Arganiella pescei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Arganiella,pescei,,,,,"Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980", 155879,Eupaludestrina steindachneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,steindachneri,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1902)", 155880,Islamia cianensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,cianensis,,,,,"Bodon, Manganelli, Sparacio & Giusti, 1995", 155881,Paladilhia gloeeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,gloeeri,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003",This is a recently described species. There is a lack of data concerning the distribution. 155882,Bythiospeum senefelderi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,senefelderi,,,,,"(Geyer, 1907)","Glöer and Zettler (2005) noted that in Germany nearly 70 different ""species"" were originally described, which were reduced by Bolling (1965) to 3 species, so while there is not a viable approach for this problematic genus, they continue to list those species and subspecies of CLECOM (Check List of European Continental Mollusca) list, but noting that as long as we adhere solely to the shells there will be no progress. A revision of this genus is urgently needed and in Stuttgart, research with DNA analysis is ongoing for this problem.

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status of the species and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.


" 155883,Pyrgohydrobia sanctinaumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgohydrobia,sanctinaumi,,,,,"Radoman, 1955","

Only four species are currently placed in this genus. Three of these lie in the Lake Ohrid catchment, two in springs and the other in the lake. The fourth species is from Lake Prespa, which feed the aquifer supplying the water to Ohrid. This species is going under a systematic review and might be merged with the two spring-snail species P. jablanicensis and P. grochmalickii , in which case its Red List status will need to be reviewed (C. Albrecht et al. pers. comm. 2009)



" 155884,Litthabitella chilodia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Litthabitella,chilodia,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)","

The current subdivision of  Litthabitella  chilodia into L. chilodia chilodia and L. chilodia ionica (Schütt, 1980) is rejected by Bodon et al. (1999). Examination of the type material of the latter from the island of Corfu, showed that it includes two different taxa, one of which (the holotype) is a species of Belgrandia and the other L. chilodia.

Bodon et al (1999) report that  populations  living in a brook in the Grotta delTasso in Apulia consists of two distinct coexisting shell morphs, almost without intermediates. They can,be distinguished by shell size and other shell parameters are almost identical, except for a slight difference in the ratio shell height/aperture height (H/h). The larger form also varies more in dimensional characters than the other populations. It lives near the cave entrance where a rather large population has been found. The small form lives deeper in the karstic aquifer (only three living specimens have been found in the cave). Apart from shell dimensions, no anatomical character (eye spots, pigmentation, genitalia) seems to distinguish the two forms.

 


 

" 155885,Istriana falkneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Istriana,falkneri,,,,,"Boeters, 2000", 155886,Paladilhia roselloi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,roselloi,,,,,"Girardi, 2004",This is a recently described species. 155888,Ancylus tapirulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,tapirulus,,,,,"Polinski, 1929", 155889,Meyrargueria rasini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Meyrargueria,rasini,,,,,"(Girardi, 2004)","This species name has been change by Girardi (2009) from Bythiospeum and it has been placed in the genus Meyrargueria:  M. rasini." 155890,Islamia globulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,globulus,,,,,"(Bofill, 1909)", 155891,Alzoniella macrostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,macrostoma,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 2002", 155892,Heleobia streletzkiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,streletzkiensis,,,,,"(Chukchin, 1975)","Although this species is listed by Fauna Europea for Ukraine, according to Son (pers. comm. 2010) Heleobia streletzkiensis  (Chukchin, 1975) is a junior synonym of Heleobia (Semisalsa) dalmatica (Radoman, 1974), a widespread Mediterranean species with high abundance in the Black Sea bays and saline lakes. In the Russian catalogues it also present under the name Thalassobia moitessieri.

Bank and Butot (1984) reviewed the status of Heleobia streletzkiensis, during a review of Heleobia stagnorum in Europe.They noted that the species described as Falsihydrobia streletzkiensis  Chukchin, 1975 differed from the taxon Heleobia (Semisalsa) dalmatica in Chukchin, 1976, and that it represented a separate taxon close to Heleobia (Semisalsa) stagnorum.
" 155893,Pseudohoratia ochridana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudohoratia,ochridana,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)","Nomenclatural notes: Bank (2006, Fauna Europea project) has listed the species as P. ochridana. Albrecht et al. (pers. comm. 2009) note that the species name is wrongly spelled, and recommended that it should be amended to P. ohridana. Bank (pers. comm., 2010 advised that the name is used correctly, as Radoman (1983) later changed the name to P. ohridana, altering the specific name to the current spelling of Lake Ohrid, but in error, and hence the name should be listed as a synonym.

Taxonomic issues: Albrecht et al. (pers. comm. 2009) note that is difficult to distinguish between P. brusinae and P. ochridana. It is difficult to distinguish the different species of this genus and more than one species might be conspecific. Further research is needed to solve this issue." 155894,Alzoniella onatensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,onatensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 155895,Belgrandiella fontinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,fontinalis,,,,,"(F.J. Schmidt, 1847)", 155896,Bythinella dacica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,dacica,,,,,"Grossu, 1946","This species has a cylindrical oval, glassy-green, transparent, fragile shell, often covered by detritus or algae; it displays well-curved anfracts, the last one being more expanded and well-rounded, acquiring a blackish colour. The dimensions of this species are: height 3.2mm, breadth 1.6mm, circular aperture with 1:1mm height and breadth." 155897,Antibaria notata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Antibaria,notata,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1865)", 155898,Pseudamnicola spiratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,spiratus,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)", 155899,Sadleriana fluminensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,fluminensis,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)", 155903,Iglica bagliviaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,bagliviaeformis,,,,,"Schütt, 1970", 155904,Stankovicia wagneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Stankovicia,wagneri,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)","Previously placed in genera Macedopyrgula Radoman, 1983 and Trachypyrgula Radoman, 1955, but now considered part of genus Stankovicia (Bank et al. 2006; Fauna Europea).


" 155906,Mercuria vindilica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,vindilica,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1870)","Considered as a valid species based on the anatomy (as listed in Falkner et al., 2002)." 155907,Bythiospeum buresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,buresi,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1928","

Urbanski described buresi with a diacritic mark hence R. Bank (pers. comm. 2010) has pointed out that correct spelling according to ICZN Article 32.5.2  would be buresi not bureschi, so Paladilhiopsis bureschi is revised to Paladilhiopsis buresi.

" 155909,Lanzaiopsis savinica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaiopsis,savinica,,,,,"Bole, 1989","This monotypic taxon was compared with Lanzaia Brusina, 1906, and Saxurinator Schutt, 1960 (of the ""family"" Belgrandiellidae); the type species was one of the nomina nuda listed by Bole and Velkovrh (1986) under Lanzaia (q.v.) (Kabat and Hershler 1993)." 155910,Alzoniella navarrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,navarrensis,,,,,"Boeters, 1999","This species was described by Boeters (1999) on the basis of shell hight and bursa copulatrix shape (i. e. only two criteria). However, it occurs sympatrically with the more widespread A. elliptica and its taxonomic status needs to be confirmed." 155911,Fissuria planospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Fissuria,planospira,,,,,"Bodon, Cianfanelli & Talenti, 1997", 155912,Paladilhiopsis janinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,janinensis,,,,,"Schütt, 1962", 155914,Moitessieria cocheti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,cocheti,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003","This species is a recently described taxon. It could be a confusion with a juvenile specimen of Moitessieria locardi (see Bertrand 2004)." 155916,Radomaniola albanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,albanica,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)","Feher and Eross (2009 a,b) note that R. curta and R. albanica were found syntopically in the Syri i Kaltër spring, which is evidence that they are distinct species and not subspecies, as was assumed by Radoman (1983). According to Bodon (pers.comm cited in Feher and Eross, 2009 a,b ), R. albanica is possibly the junior synonym of Hydrobia haesitans (Westerlund, 1881), but this could only be decided by an investigation of topotypical Hydrobia haesitans (Levkas Island, Greece)." 155917,Anagastina matjasici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Anagastina,matjasici,,,,,"(Bole, 1961)","
" 155918,Daphniola exigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Daphniola,exigua,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1856)", 155919,Marstoniopsis graeca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Marstoniopsis,graeca,,,,,"(Radoman, 1978)","According to Szarowska (2006) this species belongs to the European genus Marstoniopsis.

This species lies close to the sister (sub)species Marstoniopsis macedonica malaprespaensis (Mikri Prespa) and Marstoniopsis macedonica macedonica (Prespa Lake), the only three species known in the former genus of Parabythinella (Radoman 1973), which is restricted to freshwater lakes in Greece, Albania and Macedonia." 155920,Belgrandia gibberula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,gibberula,,,,,"Paladilhe, 1869",This is considered as a good species by Haase (2000). It is in need of molecular taxonomic revision. 155921,Microcolpia daudebartii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Microcolpia,daudebartii,,,,,"(Prevost, 1821)","This species is generally known as Fagotia acicularis in the older literature, and the same genus name was used by Fauna Europaea. Glaubrecht (1996), however, considered Esperiana as the valid genus and Fagotia to be the junior synonym of that name. Following Neubauer et al. (2014), MolluscaBase (2002) places the species in genus Microcolpia Bourguignat, 1884.

According to the MolluscaBase (2022), there are four extant subspecies, namely daudebartii, thermalis, stussineri and acicularis. The nominate subspecies as well as thermalis occur only in thermal waters; the former one in Austria, the latter one in Hungary. Soós (1943) does not see the sense of such separation and treats them together as F. acicularis audebardii. The subspecific distinction is questionable even between the fluviatile and the thermal forms. A further subspecies, Microcolpia daudebartii doboi (Schréter, 1975) is only known from the fossil record." 155924,Paladilhia pontmartiniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,pontmartiniana,,,,,"(Nicolas, 1891)","This is a doubtful species. It is known only from shells collected in the 19th century and has never been found since despite important collection pressure on the type locality (""Surgeons des sources des Angles. Gard"")." 155925,Islamia moquiniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,moquiniana,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1851)","All Islamia species are similar in shape and show high intraspecific variations, and they are therefore often misidentified. Furthermore, the taxonomic of this genus should be reevaluated on a molecular basis." 155926,Graziana trinitatis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,trinitatis,,,,,"(Caziot, 1910)","The genus Graziana was proposed as a replacement name for Frauenfeldia Clessin, 1878, non Egger, 1863. [...It is] a junior synonym of Belgrandiella Wagner,1927.""(Kabat & Hershler 1993). Close to the Belgrandiella species, the genus has been redefined by Haase (1994).

Considered previously (Boeters 1970) as a subspecies of Belgrandiella saxatilis, this taxon is considered as a valid species by Falkner et al. (2002)." 155927,Paladilhiopsis absoloni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,absoloni,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 155929,Belgrandia zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,zilchi,,,,,"Settepassi, 1965","According to Haase (2000) the taxon is under review by Cianfanelli et al. (in prep), but as yet the status of the species has not been confirmed." 155931,Iglica langhofferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,langhofferi,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1928", 155932,Alzoniella edmundi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,edmundi,,,,,"(Boeters, 1984)", 155933,Pseudoislamia balcanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudoislamia,balcanica,,,,,"Radoman, 1979", 155934,Pyrgula pambotis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,pambotis,,,,,"A. & P. Reischütz, 2002", 155935,Iglica bosnica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,bosnica,,,,,"Schütt, 1975", 155938,Boleana umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Boleana,umbilicata,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1932)", 155939,Graziana kuesteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,kuesteri,,,,,"(Boeters, 1970)", 155940,Hippeutis complanatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Hippeutis,complanatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Originally described as Helix complanatus Linnaeus, 1758." 155941,Melanopsis cariosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,cariosa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1767",This species may be a species complex and as such this species requires taxonomic review to better determine the species limits. 155942,Bythinella ginolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,ginolensis,,,,,"Fagot, 1881","This species is one of many small spring-snails that can most easily be identified using anatomical characteristics of the reproductive system. See Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review of the taxonomic status of the species, and many of the described species are taxonomically doubtful based on shells and in need of taxonomic revision. However, to provide a conservation assessment, the precautionary principle was used to map the ranges of the species and to give them an assessment, and this will require review after ongoing taxonomic work." 155944,Moitessieria massoti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,massoti,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1863","This species is considered as a valid species. The population studied by Bodon and Guisti (1991) from Sardinia is considered to be conspecific with M. massoti. Given the taxonomic doubt about these, they are not included in this assessment." 155945,Graziana provincialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,provincialis,,,,,"(Boeters, 2000)","The genus Graziana was proposed as a replacement name for Frauenfeldia Clessin, 1878, non Egger, 1863. [...It is] a junior synonym of Belgrandiella Wagner,1927.""(Kabat & Hershler 1993). Close to the Belgrandiella species, the genus has been redefined by Haase (1994)." 155946,Alzoniella manganellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,manganellii,,,,,"Bodon, Cianfanelli & Talenti, 1997", 155947,Bythinella eurystoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,eurystoma,,,,,"Paladilhe, 1870","This is considered a valid species, confirmed with molecular data (Bichain et al. 2007), although the status of the subpopulations in Pyrenee-Atlantique and Midi-Pyrenees may require review as they could be different species (V. Prie, pers. comm. 2009) and hence were not considered in this assessment." 155948,Lanzaia rudnicae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaia,rudnicae,,,,,"Bole, 1992", 155949,Bythiospeum francomontanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,francomontanum,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1973",

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.

155950,Bythinella servainiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,servainiana,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1870)","Germain (1931, Faune de France) placed this species in synonym with B. rubiginosa. Falkner et al. (2002) considered this species to be very similar in shell form to B. reyniesii and B. eurystoma.  Bernasconi (2000) considered there to be very little difference between Bythinella servainiana and B. eurystoma. Boeters and Falkner (2009) give additional information on the species. These species are all requiring taxonomic review, and should considered as potentially taxonomically doubtful citing Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009)." 155951,Avenionia berenguieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Avenionia,berenguieri,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1882)", 155952,Hauffenia media,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,media,,,,,"Bole, 1961", 155953,Bythiospeum saxigenum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,saxigenum,,,,,"(Geyer, 1905)","

Two subspecies are currently recognised: Bythiospeum saxigenum saxigenum (Geyer, 1905) and Bythiospeum saxigenum danubiale (Geyer, 1907). This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status. The species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of a full analysis for the group.

" 155954,Cilgia dalmatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Cilgia,dalmatica,,,,,"(Schütt, 1961)", 155955,Emmericia expansilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Emmericia,expansilabris,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1880", 155956,Pyrgohydrobia jablanicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgohydrobia,jablanicensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1955","

Only four species are currently placed in this genus. Three of these lie in the Lake Ohrid catchment, two in springs and the other in the lake. The fourth species is from Lake Prespa, which feed the aquifer supplying the water to Ohrid. This species is going under a systematic review and might be merged with P. grochmalickii and P. sanctinaumi, in which case its Red List status will need to be reviewed.

" 155957,Bythiospeum pellucidum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,pellucidum,,,,,"(Seckendorf, 1846)","Glöer and Zettler (2005) noted that in Germany nearly 70 different ""species"" were originally described, which were reduced by Bolling (1965) to three species, so for some periods there was little recording. In this problematic genus, they continued to list those species and subspecies on CLECOM (Check List of European Continental Mollusca), but noting that as long as we adhere solely to the shells there will be no progress. A revision of this genus is urgently needed and in Stuttgart, research with DNA analysis is ongoing for this problem.

A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group using Falkner and Niederhöfer (2008), however unless there is indicated active specific species survey data, some species listed as or Extinct or Possibly Extinct have been placed into threatened categories.
" 155958,Narentiana vjetrenicae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Narentiana,vjetrenicae,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","Originally placed in the Orientaliinae (Orientaliidae) (Radoman, 1973).  Some authors have listed this species as Zavalia  vjetrenicae Radoman, 1973 (e.g. Radoman, 1985), however others have treated Zavalia as a subgenus of Narentiana (Fauna Europea).

" 155959,Pontobelgrandiella hessei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,hessei,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can most easily be identified using anatomical characteristics of the reproductive system. 155960,Ohridohoratia sturanyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohoratia,sturanyi,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1902)",


155961,Belgrandia cazioti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,cazioti,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1890)","Taxonomically confused (Falkner et al. 2002). Impossible to map, as the records cannot be confirmed as this species." 155962,Bithynia boissieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,boissieri,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)","Syn: Paludina boissieri Küster, 1852: change to genus Bithynia confirmed in Gloer and Maasen (2009) based on anatomy of topotypes which show that Paludina boissieri belongs to the genus Bithynia because it has a penial appendix and a flagellum.
Bythinia ilysaeca, which should be a synonym of Bithynia boissieri, is, according to the drawing given by Locard (1894: pl. VI, Fig. 5), distinct from the topotypes of B. boissieri as well as from the specimen depicted by Beriozkina & Starobogatov (1995) (from Gloer and Maasen, 2009)." 155963,Horatia klecakiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Horatia,klecakiana,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1887", 155964,Ohridohauffenia sanctinaumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohauffenia,sanctinaumi,,,,,"(Radoman, 1964)",


155965,Paladilhiopsis thessalica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,thessalica,,,,,"(Schütt, 1970)", 155967,Trachyochridia filocincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Trachyochridia,filocincta,,,,,"(Polinski, 1929)",


155968,Strugia ohridana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Strugia,ohridana,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155969,Graecorientalia vrissiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecorientalia,vrissiana,,,,,"(Radoman, 1966)", 155970,Spiralix valenciana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,valenciana,,,,,"Boeters, 2003","Two subspecies are known for this species, both of which have been assessed separately for the Spanish National Red List:
  • Spiralix valenciana valenciana Boeters, 2003
  • Spiralix valenciana castellonica Boeters, 2003
The two assessments are merged herein for the European Red List project, but their data are given separately, should there be cause at a later stage to consider that both taxa may be distinct species." 155971,Radomaniola curta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,curta,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)","

Szarowska (2006) noted that the name Orientalina Radoman, 1978 was preoccupied and proposed a replacement name for the genus as Radomaniola Szarowska, 2006.  Taxonomic research is currently ongoing on this group which may lead to revision of species limits and their distributions.

Bank et al (2006) lists the following subspecies :

Radomaniola curta anagastica (Radoman, 1973) Montenegro

Radomaniola curta bermius (P. Reischütz, 1988) Greece

Radomaniola curta germari (Frauenfeld, 1863) Croatia

Radomaniola curta kicavica (Radoman, 1973) Macedonia

Radomaniola curta mostarensis (Radoman, 1973) Bosnia & Herzegovina

Radomaniola curta narentana (Radoman, 1973) Bosnia & Herzegovina

Radomaniola curta pivensis (Radoman, 1973) Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro." 155972,Belgrandiella boetersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,boetersi,,,,,"P. Reischütz & Falkner, 1998", 155973,Bythiospeum rhenanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,rhenanum,,,,,"(Lais, 1935)","

This species  lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic  status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group. Bank et al (2006: Fauna Europea) considered turneri Bernasconi, 1997 as a subspecies.

" 155974,Pisidium waldeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,waldeni,,,,,"Kuiper, 1975","The species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; traditionally, it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 155976,Belgrandiella kusceri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,kusceri,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 155977,Sardopaladilhia marianae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Sardopaladilhia,marianae,,,,,"Rolán & Martínez-Ortí, 2003","This species was provisionally placed in Sardopaladihlia, based on similarity in shell characters, but this placement maybe reviewed following future anatomical research." 155978,Moitessieria heideae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,heideae,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003","This species is only known from shells. It is very similar to Moitessieria locardi. It is in need of a taxonomic revision." 155979,Paladilhiopsis turrita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,turrita,,,,,"(Kušcer, 1933)", 155981,Pseudamnicola razelmiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,razelmiana,,,,,"Grossu, 1986", 155982,Lyhnidia sublitoralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Lyhnidia,sublitoralis,,,,,"Radoman, 1967",


155983,Bracenica spiridoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Bracenica,spiridoni,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155984,Bythiospeum turritum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,turritum,,,,,"(Clessin, 1877)","This species was previously considered as a synonym of B. acicula, and lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status. The species limits are doubted by some researchers (Haase, pers. comm., 2010 and Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of a full analysis for the group." 155987,Lanzaia edlaueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Lanzaia,edlaueri,,,,,"Schütt, 1961", 155988,Islamia gaiteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,gaiteri,,,,,"Bodon, Manganelli, Sparacio & Giusti, 1995", 155989,Eupaludestrina stagnorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,stagnorum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)","This species has been placed into various genera (including Hybrobia and Semisalsa) and although it currently resides in Heleobia, further work - probably on a molecular level - is needed to resolve taxonomic uncertainties. Bank (2004) includes this species in the subgenus Semisalsa Radoman, 1974. There is further confusion as to the distribution of this species due to confusion with Hydrobia ventrosa; as Barnes (1994) points out ""virtually all continental records of [this species]"" refer to H. ventrosa." 155990,Gyraulus lychnidicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,lychnidicus,,,,,"Hesse, 1928", 155991,Mercuria meridionalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,meridionalis,,,,,"(Risso, 1826)", 155992,Spathogyna fezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Spathogyna,fezi,,,,,"(Altimira, 1960)", 155993,Acroloxus improvisus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,improvisus,,,,,"Polinski, 1929", 155994,Emmericia patula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Emmericia,patula,,,,,"(Brumati, 1838)","Emmericia patula is one of four species found in the Balkan regions, and one of the four recognized extant species of this genus, three of which are found in subterranean habitats: E. ventricosa Brusina 1870 (Bole & Velkovrh, 1986: 190, from caves around the Popovo Polje), E. patula Brumati 1838 and E. narentana Bourguignat, 1880 (Komarek, 1953) from underground sources of the Dinarides." 155995,Terrestribythinella baidashnikovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Terrestribythinella,baidashnikovi,,,,,"Sitnokova, Starobogatov & V. Anistratenko, 1992","Noted as a ""Hydrobia-like terrestrial gastropod"" by  Kabat and Hershler (1993), the status remains uncertain." 155996,Belgrandiella krupensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,krupensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 155997,Bythinella gibbosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,gibbosa,,,,,"(Moquin-Tandon, 1856)","There are taxonomic issues relating to identity of the species in the genus Bythinella, but these can only be resolved with live specimens, and this species has not been recorded for over 50 years." 155998,Daphniola hadei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Daphniola,hadei,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger, 1982)",MolluscaBase (2022) places this species in genus Daphniola. 155999,Dalmatella sketi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Dalmatella,sketi,,,,,"Velkovrh, 1970", 156055,Bythinella jourdei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,jourdei,,,,,"Bernasconi, 2000","This is a recently described species (Bernasconi 2000), withiun a genus that is currently the topic of various reviews, where cryptic species have been found (Haase et al. 2007) and where other species have been synonymised (Bichain et al. 2007, Benke et al. 2009).  The species has been assessed based on the available, on a precautionary basis in order to conserve the site until such time as the taxonomy has been reviewed." 1560,Anoplolepis nuptialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Anoplolepis,nuptialis,,,,,"(Santschi, 1917)", 156056,Belgrandiella koprivnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,koprivnensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1975", 156058,Valvata sibirica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,sibirica,,,,,"Middendorff, 1851","Kantor et al. 2009 list Valvata sibirica as a var. of Valvata cristata and both as synonyms of Cincinna sibirica (Middendorff 1851); they list the distribution of this species from the north of western Siberia and the Altai mountains to the Okhotsk Sea, Transbaikalia and the Chita region of Russia. They also list the CLECOM database as mentioning this species inhabiting Norway, Sweden and Finland (Falkner et al. 2001). Falkner et al. (2001) consider C. sibirica (the name used by Kantor et al. 2009) and C. frigida as conspecific. However, Kantor et al. (2009) then list that in Russian literature, all findings for this species in Europe fall under the species C. frigida.

Cincinna frigida (Westerlund, 1873) is listed as a valid species by Kantor et al. (2009), with a distribution of northern Europe and Siberia to the Okhotsk Sea basin. The authors then remark that Gloër (2002) considers this species to be a synonym of Valvata sibirica.

Additionally, Mozley (1937) listed Valvata sibirica to be a valid species and Valvata sibirica frigida to be a sub-species.

Therefore for this assessment, the species Valvata sibirica has been considered as valid, and with a full distribution across northern Europe to north western Siberia and the Okhotsk Sea basin." 156000,Islamia bomangiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,bomangiana,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003",This species was recently described (Boeters and Falkner 2003). 156057,Ancylus lapicidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,lapicidus,,,,,"Hubendick, 1960", 156001,Plagigeyeria minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,minuta,,,,,"Bole & Velkovrh, 1987", 156059,Odhneripisidium annandalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Odhneripisidium,annandalei,,,,,"Prashad, 1925", 156002,Sadleriana cavernosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,cavernosa,,,,,"Radoman, 1978", 156004,Belgrandiella schleschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,schleschi,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1932)", 156005,Bythiospeum terveri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,terveri,,,,,"(Locard, 1882)","The genus Bythiospeum requires a global taxonomic revision. This species was described from empty shells collected from Rhone alluviums and neither its taxonomic position nor its distribution are clear." 156071,Corrosella astierii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,astierii,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1851)", 156072,Sadleriana bavarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,bavarica,,,,,"Boeters, 1989", 156007,Bythinella darrieuxii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,darrieuxii,,,,,"(De Folin & Berillon, 1877)","Bythinella darrieuxii  is considered to be a doubtful taxon and may be possible to synonymise with B. pyrenaica (Falkner et al. 2002) and should be considered as Data Deficient given the taxonomic doubt (JM Bichain pers. comm. 2009)." 156074,Belgrandia latina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,latina,,,,,"(Settepassi, 1965)", 156009,Belgrandiella croatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,croatica,,,,,"(Hirc, 1881)", 156075,Belgrandia marginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,marginata,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)", 156076,Belgrandiella superior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,superior,,,,,"Kuscer, 1932", 156010,Ohridohauffenia sublitoralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohauffenia,sublitoralis,,,,,"(Radoman, 1963)",


156077,Moitessieria fontsaintei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,fontsaintei,,,,,"Bertrand, 2001","This species was recently described from a few shells only. It is in need of taxonomic revision. According to the author of the description, it could be only a local form of Moitessieria simoniana." 156011,Tarraconia gasulli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Tarraconia,gasulli,,,,,"(Boeters, 1981)","The Nova spring population (Benifaió, Valencia) was tentatively assigned to Tarraconia gasulli, and if subsequent research shows that it belonged to a different species, then this would reduce the number of subpopulations. This site has been lost, and the subpopulation is thought to be possibly extinct." 156078,Prespiana lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Prespiana,lacustris,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 156012,Pseudamnicola dobrogica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,dobrogica,,,,,"Grossu, 1986","The status of the species requires review, as it is only known from a few records." 156079,Bythinella galerae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,galerae,,,,,"Girardi, Bichain & Wienin, 2002","This species was recently described and is currently the subject of various research projects into the evolution of the genus Bythinella.
The material collected after the description show that B. galerae and B. bouloti could belong to a single, variable species (Bichain and Prié, unpublished data, 2009). Only B. galarae is assessed in this project, as the two maybe conspecific." 156013,Moitessieria guadelopensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,guadelopensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2003","The taxon has been treated here as a species, but is one of several species of Moitessieria that are known only based on their shells, and that would benefit from a taxonomic review incorporating molecular systematics." 156014,Sardopaladilhia plagigeyerica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Sardopaladilhia,plagigeyerica,,,,,"Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998",This species is one of several spring snails described from Sardinia. 156080,Bythinella utriculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,utriculus,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1874)", 156015,Spiralix burgensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,burgensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2003", 156016,Pseudamnicola exilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,exilis,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1863)", 156082,Saxurinator sketi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Saxurinator,sketi,,,,,"(Bole, 1960)", 156083,Planorbarius corneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbarius,corneus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are three sub-species: Planorbarius corneus arabatzis (Reischütz, Reischütz & Fischer 2008), Planorbarius corneus grandis (Dunker, 1850) and Planorbarius corneus corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)." 156018,Eupaludestrina rausiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,rausiana,,,,,"(Radoman, 1974)","This is listed as a valid species by MolluscaBase (2022) and as a synonym of Heleobia stagnorum in Gofas et al. (2001)." 156084,Alzoniella parvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,parvula,,,,,"(Giusti & Bodon, 1981)",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 156019,Saxurinator brandti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Saxurinator,brandti,,,,,"Schütt, 1968", 156086,Belgrandiella crucis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,crucis,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1928)", 156020,Istriana mirnae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Istriana,mirnae,,,,,"Velkovrh, 1971", 156087,Paladilhiopsis solida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,solida,,,,,"Kuscer, 1933", 156021,Pseudavenionia pedemontana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudavenionia,pedemontana,,,,,"Bodon & Giusti, 1982", 156088,Dianella schlickumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Dianella,schlickumi,,,,,"Schütt, 1962", 156022,Bythiospeum charpyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,charpyi,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1867)","This species lies within one of the groups of subterranean snails that need research using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.
Bernasconi (1990) considers this taxon as a subspecies of B. diaphanum.The nominate species and the subspecies are known from various sites in France and Switzerland (Bertrand 2004) with subspecies are currently recognized : charpyi (Paladilhe, 1867)  in France and Switzerland;  giganteum Bernasconi, 1969  only in France." 156089,Alzoniella feneriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,feneriensis,,,,,"Giusti & Bodon, 1984", 156023,Bithynia graeca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,graeca,,,,,"Westerlund, 1879", 156024,Radomaniola montana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,montana,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)", 156090,Belgrandia bonelliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,bonelliana,,,,,"De Stefani, 1879", 156025,Euglesa henslowana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,henslowana,,,,,"(Sheppard, 1825)", 156091,Alzoniella lucensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,lucensis,,,,,"(Rolan, 1992)","

A population of A. lucensis found in the province of  La Coruna might result from artificial introduction, located in the distribution area of A.rolani.  It differs from other populations with absence of penial pigmentation and rounded bursa copulatrix.

" 156026,Bythinella magna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,magna,,,,,"Radoman, 1976",This species is considered to be part of Clade II (Benke et al. 2009). 156092,Spiralix hofmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,hofmanni,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003","This species remains a taxonomically doubtful species. It is so difficult to identify it from other Spiralix taxa that it remains unknown apart from the data given by the descriptors.
From a conservation point of view, it has to be considered taxonomically DD." 156027,Bythiospeum oshanovae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,oshanovae,,,,,"(Pintér, 1968)","The relationship of this species with other Bythiospeum forms (e. g. with B. geyeri  which occurs in the Vienna Basin) is unclear and deserves further studies. This species  lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group." 156093,Bythiospeum excelsior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,excelsior,,,,,"(Mahler, 1951)","This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group." 156028,Henrigirardia wienini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Henrigirardia,wienini,,,,,"(Girardi, 2001)","This is a recently described taxon which is endemic to type locality. It has never been found alive. It was previously described in the genus Moitessieria,  then a new genus Henrigirardia was created by Boeters & Falkner (2003)." 156094,Sardopaladilhia distorta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Sardopaladilhia,distorta,,,,,"Rolán & Martínez-Ortí, 2003","This species was provisionally placed in Sardopaladihlia, based on similarity in shell characters, but this placement maybe reviewed following future anatomical research." 156095,Plagigeyeria gladilini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,gladilini,,,,,"Kušcer, 1937","There are 2 described subspecies: the nominate form lives probably in Serbia, and the subspecies procerulus lives in Bulgaria." 156096,Bythiospeum waegelei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,waegelei,,,,,"(Hässlein, 1938)", 156030,Travunijana klemmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Travunijana,klemmi,,,,,"(Schütt, 1961)", 156097,Paladilhiopsis blanci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,blanci,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)", 156031,Hadziella krkae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hadziella,krkae,,,,,"Bole, 1992", 156099,Bythinella drimica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,drimica,,,,,"Radoman, 1976","According to Fauna Europaea, this species comprises two subspecies: Bythinella drimica drimica and Bythinella drimica alba Radoman 1976 (Bank et al. 2006).

 

" 156032,Radomaniola lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,lacustris,,,,,"(Radoman, 1983)","
" 156100,Omphiscola glabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Omphiscola,glabra,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)","Two subspecies for Spain are listed: Omphiscola glabra glabra and Omphiscola glabra cantabra (Alvarez 1965, Bank et al. 2007).  " 156034,Hydrobia declinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,declinata,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1863)","Hydrobia declinata was described by Frauenfeld in 1863, however, the current genus is not known, and taxonomic review of the status of this species is required.

The species is considered 'taxon inquirendum' by MolluscaBase (2022)." 156101,Graziana cezairensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,cezairensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2000","The genus Graziana was proposed as a replacement name for Frauenfeldia Clessin, 1878, non Egger, 1863. [...It is] a junior synonym of Belgrandiella Wagner,1927.""(Kabat & Hershler 1993).Closed to the Belgrandiella species, the genus has been redefined by Haase (1994)." 156035,Paladilhia umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,umbilicata,,,,,"(Locard, 1902)","This is a well established species, which status is confirmed by molecular analyses (Prié unpublished data)." 156102,Bithynia schwabii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,schwabii,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1865",According to Schütt (1987) Frauenfeld (1865) described this species on the basis of juvenile specimens. 156036,Alzoniella microstoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,microstoma,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 2002", 156103,Iglica karamani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,karamani,,,,,"(Kuscer, 1935)", 156104,Belgrandia mariatheresiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,mariatheresiae,,,,,"Giusti & Pezzoli, 1972", 156038,Malaprespia albanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Malaprespia,albanica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 156105,Hydrobia cattaroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,cattaroensis,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)","Hydrobia cattaroensis was described by Schütt in 1959, however the current genus is not known and taxonomic review of the status of this species is required.

The taxonomic status of this species is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022)." 156039,Hadziella rudnicae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hadziella,rudnicae,,,,,"Bole, 1992", 156106,Ohrigocea karevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohrigocea,karevi,,,,,"Hadžišce, 1959","This is one of five spring snails that described in this genus, and restricted to Lake Ohrid. These species are all lacustrine-spring species and occur sympatrically. It is difficult to distinguish the different species of this genus and more than one species might be conspecific. It is most closely related to O. miladinovorum (Radoman 1985)." 156107,Bythinella serborientalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,serborientalis,,,,,"Radoman, 1978", 156040,Marstoniopsis vrbasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Marstoniopsis,vrbasi,,,,,"Bole & Velkovrh, 1987","Although the species was listed in Bole & Velkovrh (1986), it was not considered to be published sensu ICZN until the subsequent paper in Bole & Velkovrh (1987)." 156108,Planorbis atticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbis,atticus,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1852", 156109,Ohridohoratia polinskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohoratia,polinskii,,,,,"(Radoman, 1960)",


156042,Bythiospeum haessleini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,haessleini,,,,,"(Zwanziger, 1939)","This species was originally viewed as part of B. acicula, but is now split into several species (Falkner et al. 2003).

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status. The species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of a full analysis for the group.
" 156044,Holandriana holandrii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,AMPHIMELANIIDAE,Holandriana,holandrii,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)","
" 156111,Unio tumidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,tumidus,,,,,"Retzius, 1788","This synonymy is the one given by Graf & Cummings (2010). It should be noted that in the Russian Federation Unio tumidus is placed in another genus, namely Tumidiana Servain, 1882, which consists of Tumidiana tumida tumida (Philipsson in Retzius, 1788), Tumidiana tumida falcatulus (Drouët, 1881), T. conus (Spengler, 1793) and T. muelleri (Rossmässler, 1838) (Kantor et al. 2010). According to Graf (2007) all of these belong to U. tumidus. This assessment follows Graf's view of the species taxonomy." 156045,Bracenica plana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Bracenica,plana,,,,,"(Bole, 1961)", 156112,Iglica hauffeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,hauffeni,,,,,"(Brusina, 1886)", 156046,Hauffenia tovunica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,tovunica,,,,,"Radoman, 1978", 156113,Peringia mabilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Peringia,mabilli,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1876","This species was originally synonymised with Peringia ulvae. Falkner et al. (2002) reviewed the status and considered that it should be regarded as a valid species. " 156047,Hauffenia tellinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,tellinii,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1898)", 156114,Pseudamnicola emilianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,emilianus,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)", 156048,Bythinella pyrenaica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,pyrenaica,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1861)","Given the taxonomic complexity of the genus Bythinella (see for example Bernasconi 2000; Falkner et al. 2002) and the results of recent molecular analyses (Bichain et al. 2007 ; Benke et al. 2009), most of the described species are taxonomically doubtful and in need of taxonomic revision.  Based on this literature, it is not possible to apply a name to most of populations of Bythinella. Concerning B. pyrenaica, Falkner et al. (2002) retain the name, but explain that it could be a synonym of B. darrieuxii (de Folin & Berillon, 1877). It is therefore impossible to map the ranges of the species, nor to give them an assessment, and thus this means that these populations are better given as Data Deficient, pending the results of the current taxonomic work." 156115,Mercuria maceana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,maceana,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)", 156049,Bythiospeum nocki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,nocki,,,,,"Haase, Weigand & Haseke, 2000","This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group." 156116,Clathrocaspia knipowitchii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Clathrocaspia,knipowitchii,,,,,"(Makarov, 1938)", 156117,Pyrgula annulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,annulata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156050,Narentiana albida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Narentiana,albida,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","The species was originally placed in the Orientaliinae (Orientaliidae) (Radoman 1973)." 156118,Kerkia kusceri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Kerkia,kusceri,,,,,"(Bole, 1961)", 156051,Acroloxus macedonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,macedonicus,,,,,"Hadžišce, 1959", 156119,Euglesa edlaueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,edlaueri,,,,,"(Kuiper, 1960)","Recent molecular studies confirmed the close relationship of this species with the endemic Lake Prespa pea clam Pisidium maasseni and the widespread P. nitidum (Schultheiß et al. 2008)." 156052,Ancylus striatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,striatus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1834","Originally viewed as a variety of the variable species Ancylus fluviatilis, now there is reason to conclude that there are several cryptic species within the range. Albrecht et al. (2007) reviewed the molecular systematics of the freshwater limpets in Europe and found there was a southern Mediterranean species, which had a range extending to the Canary Islands, through northern Africa extending to Greece and Turkey. At present they haven’t concluded which is the oldest valid name for this taxa, although there are possible names from parts of the range, but they suggest that A. pileolus Férussac, 1822 may be their Ancylus sp. B.

In the 2010 global assessment of this species, Ancylus striatus was placed as a synonym (together with a significant number of other taxa, whilst MolluscaBase (2002) currently considers both Ancylus striatus and A. fluviatilis to be valid species (and both are assessed for the Red List at present).
According to M. Vinarski (pers. comm. 2022), the current taxonomy of Ancylus needs a thorough revision, with recent molecular works having shown that there are several cryptic lineages of Ancylus in Europe, which well may represent separate species, and a full revision, with examination of the extant type series of nominal species (if available), is required. Ancylus striatus is one of the oldest nomenclaturally available names and could be useful for the designation of a certain cryptic species.

In contrast, the opinion of D. Van Damme (pers. comm. 2022), is that Ancylus, as a Pulmonate, can be distributed by birds and is hermaphroditic, meaning that genetically different pioneer populations can appear all the time and disappear again. As a result, A. striatus only be considered as a distinct species if sufficient genetic material is available; if the only material that exists is from the original description from 1834, the taxonomic status of Ancylus striatus is dubious at best and logically A. striatus be retained as a synonym of A. fluviatilis." 156120,Physa fontinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,fontinalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156054,Sorholia lescherae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Sorholia,lescherae,,,,,"(Boeters, 1981)","Previously considered as a sub-species of Moitessieria simoniana, but easily distinguished by conspicuous shell characters. This species is now included in the genus Sorholia (Boeters and Falkner 2009, MolluscaBase 2022)." 156060,Valvata stenotrema,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,stenotrema,,,,,"Polinski, 1929","Some authors questioned the validity of this species, but recent mollecular analysis showed the distinctness of this species (Hauswald et al. 2008)." 156121,Paladilhiopsis brandisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,brandisi,,,,,"(Clessin, 1911)", 156061,Ginaia munda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ginaia,munda,,,,,"(Sturany, 1894)","

There are two subspecies recorded for this species: G. munda munda and G. munda sublitoralis, both within Lake Ohrid.

" 156122,Euglesa obtusalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,obtusalis,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1818)","This species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; however, traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. Synonyms include Pisidium obtusalastrum (Woodward 1921); Pisidium scholtzi (Clessin 1973).

Kuiper et al (1989) suggests that this species occurs over all of North America, and considers that P. rotundatum (Prime) is a synonym of P. obtusale, whereas P. ventricosum is a distinct species.
" 156062,Bithynia mostarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,mostarensis,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1873","This species has been treated as a form of B. tentaculata (Schutt, 1988)." 156063,Ancylus scalariformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,scalariformis,,,,,"Stankovic & Radoman, 1953", 156124,Plagigeyeria piroti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Plagigeyeria,piroti,,,,,"Bole & Velkovrh, 1987", 156064,Planorbis presbensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbis,presbensis,,,,,"Sturany, 1894", 156125,Bythinella geisserti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,geisserti,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2003","This species was recently described, based on dry material in collections, and is known only from the type locality.  No anatomical or molecular data is available to support the taxonomic status of this species. Bichain et al. (2007) notes that the provisional study of french Bythinella shows that genetic or phylogenetic distinctiveness cannot be inferred from the degree of shell distinctiveness, so the challenge to a comprehensive revision of Bythinella is that these nominal species have to be    re-evaluated based on animals sampled alive from their type locality and only the. See Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review." 156065,Pseudamnicola troglobia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,troglobia,,,,,"Bole, 1961","

Schutt (2000) lists the following synonyms for Orientalina troglobia (Bole 1961), which if correct, would place this species in the genus Radomaniola. However, this is likely to be on the basis of shell characters and hence requires review. 

  • Pseudamnicola troglobia Bole, 1961 Biol. Vestnik, 9: 61, Abb. 2 (Crnulja ponor pri Turkoviih).
  • Horatia (Horatia) knorri Schutt, 1961 Arch. Moll., 90(1/3): 75, 76, Abb. 1 (Ombla-Quelle bei Dubrovnik).
  • Orientalina troglobia, – Bole & Velkovoh, 1986 Stygofauna Mundi, Mollusca: 198.

" 156126,Moitessieria nezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,nezi,,,,,"Boeters & Bertrand, 2001","This is a recently described species, known only from shells deposit in a small spring in Rebenacq." 156128,Belgrandia targoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,targoniana,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)", 156068,Lithoglyphus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Lithoglyphus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1863", 156129,Belgrandiella aulaei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,aulaei,,,,,"Haase, Weigand & Haseke, 2000",This species is one of many small spring-snail species that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 156130,Alzoniella lunensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,lunensis,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 2002", 156132,Bythiospeum dorvani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,dorvani,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1985",This species was raised to the species level by Falkner et al. (2002). It lies within a group of species that requires taxonomic studies. 156133,Gyraulus rossmaessleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,rossmaessleri,,,,,"(Auerswald, 1852)", 156134,Ohridohauffenia depressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohauffenia,depressa,,,,,"(Radoman, 1957)","Radoman (1985) considered the species to be close to Ohridohauffenia rotonda, with which it lives sympatrically within part of the range." 156135,Pseudohoratia brusinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudohoratia,brusinae,,,,,"(Radoman, 1953)","There are three species listed for this genus, and two species are difficult to distinguish: Pseudohoratia brusinae and P. ohridana. Consequently records based on shell characters should be treated with caution.


" 156137,Bythiospeum taxisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,taxisi,,,,,"(Geyer, 1907)","

This species lies within one of the groups of freshwater snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.

" 156138,Bythiospeum michaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,michaudi,,,,,"(Locard, 1882)","Considered by Bernasconi (1990) as a synonym of B. diaphanum but raised to the species level by Falkner et al. (2002), this species lies within one of the groups of subterranean taxa that is in need of further research to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group." 156139,Bithynia candiota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,candiota,,,,,"Westerlund, 1885", 156140,Hadziella thermalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hadziella,thermalis,,,,,"Bole, 1992", 156142,Ohridohoratia carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohoratia,carinata,,,,,"(Radoman, 1957)", 156143,Pseudamnicola orsinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,orsinii,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)","The nomenclatural status of this species was recently reviewed by Falkner and Boeters (2003);  this is not the same species as Bythinella orsinide Charpentier, 1835 reported from Tunisia." 156144,Lyhnidia stankovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Lyhnidia,stankovici,,,,,"Hadzisce, 1959", 156145,Bythinella nothites,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,nothites,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)", 156147,Belgrandia conoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,conoidea,,,,,"(Reynies, 1844)","Considered by Boeters (pers. comm. in Falkner et al. 2002) as a valid species." 156149,Iglica vobarnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,vobarnensis,,,,,"(Pezzoli & Toffoletto, 1968)",


156150,Pseudamnicola moussonii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,moussonii,,,,,"(Calcara, 1841)", 156151,Travunijana edlaueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Travunijana,edlaueri,,,,,"(Schütt, 1961)", 156152,Bythiospeum gonostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,gonostoma,,,,,"(Geyer, 1905)",

Falkner and Niederhöfer(2008) discuss the problems with the taxonomy of the species and various issues with the nomenclature of the taxon.

This species lies within one of the groups of freshwater-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group. 

156153,Neofossarulus stankovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Neofossarulus,stankovici,,,,,"Polinski, 1929","This species is the only species currently known in the genus Neofossarulus.
" 156154,Iglica illyrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,illyrica,,,,,"Schütt, 1975", 156155,Ohrigocea miladinovorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohrigocea,miladinovorum,,,,,"Hadžišce, 1959","This is one of five spring snails that described in this genus, and is restricted to Lake Ohrid. These species are all lacustrine-spring species and occur sympatrically. It is difficult to distinguish the different species of this genus and more than one species might be conspecific. It is most closely related to O. karevi (Radoman 1985)." 156156,Ohridohoratia pygmaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ohridohoratia,pygmaea,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1902)", 156158,Alzoniella asturica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,asturica,,,,,"(Boeters & Rolán, 1988)", 156159,Pontobelgrandiella pusilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,pusilla,,,,,"(Angelov, 1959)",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 156160,Alzoniella sigestra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,sigestra,,,,,"Giusti & Bodon, 1984",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. First described by Giusti & Bodon (1984) from Sestri Ponente. 156161,Emmericia narentana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Emmericia,narentana,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1880","This species is known from the type locality on Neretva River, but is possibly present in other groundwaters in Bosnia, as numerous species were originally described by Letourneux from the region (Bourguignat 1880) and these are all placed into four species now." 156162,Belgrandiella novoselensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,novoselensis,,,,,"Radoman, 1975", 156163,Pseudamnicola lucensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,lucensis,,,,,"(Issel, 1866)", 156164,Moitessieria bourguignati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,bourguignati,,,,,"Coutagne, 1883","This species is known from only one specimen (juvenile) collected in the Garonne floodline debris near Toulouse. It was considered by Coutagne (1884) as conspecific with M. simoniana and M. fagoti. Taxonomic uncertainty makes it impossible to assess regarding the IUCN criteria." 156165,Corrosella hinzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,hinzi,,,,,"(Boeters, 1986)", 156168,Bythinella batalleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,batalleri,,,,,"Bofill, 1925",

There are currently six known synonyms for this species. More effort should be made to clarify the taxonomical status on some of its synonyms.

156169,Guadiella andalucesis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Guadiella,andalucesis,,,,,"(Boeters, 1983)", 156170,Belgrandiella robusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,robusta,,,,,"Radoman, 1975", 156171,Paladilhiopsis serbica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,serbica,,,,,"(Pavlovic, 1913)", 156172,Paladilhiopsis bosniaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,bosniaca,,,,,"(Clessin, 1910)", 156173,Fissuria raehlei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Fissuria,raehlei,,,,,"(Schütt, 1980)","This species was originally described in the genus Horatia." 156174,Belgrandiella multiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,multiformis,,,,,"W. Fischer & P. Reischütz, 1995",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 156176,Alzoniella perrisii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,perrisii,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1851)","There are two subspecies known: Alzoniella (Alzoniella) perrisii perrisii Boeters, 2000 and Alzoniella (Alzoniella) perrisii irubensis Boeters, 2000" 156177,Belgrandia gibba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,gibba,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 156178,Spiralix affinitatis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Spiralix,affinitatis,,,,,"Boeters, 2003",


156179,Belgrandia bigorrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,bigorrensis,,,,,"Paladilhe, 1869","This group is undergoing revision, however there are no recent data on the distribution of this species, so it has not been included in the revision as yet.

The species is 'unaccepted' by MolluscaBase (2022) as it is considered a possible synonym of Bythinella pyrenaica (Bourguignat, 1861)." 156180,Graziana slavonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,slavonica,,,,,"Radoman, 1975", 156182,Viviparus mamillatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,mamillatus,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)", 156183,Paladilhiopsis neaaugustensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,neaaugustensis,,,,,"P. Reischütz, 1988", 156184,Eupaludestrina dobrogica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Eupaludestrina,dobrogica,,,,,"(Grossu & Negrea, 1989)", 156185,Melanopsis lorcana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,lorcana,,,,,"Guirao, 1854", 156187,Mercuria tachoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,tachoensis,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1865)", 156188,Pyrgohydrobia prespaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgohydrobia,prespaensis,,,,,"(Urbanski, 1939)","This species lies close to its sister species at the Ohrid Lake (Wilke et al., 2007)." 156189,Lithoglyphus fuscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Lithoglyphus,fuscus,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 156190,Bythinella metarubra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,metarubra,,,,,"Falniowski, 1987","A review paper by Benke et al. (2009) dealt with molecular phylogenetics of the genus Bythinella and this species was included in  the group of species analysed." 156191,Alzoniella fabrianensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,fabrianensis,,,,,"(Pezzoli, 1969)", 156192,Saxurinator labiatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Saxurinator,labiatus,,,,,"(Schütt, 1963)", 156193,Bythinella ligurica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,ligurica,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1867)","This species was considered by Bodon et al. (1995) as a synonym of B. opaca (=B. schmidtii), and thus not mapped in detail for Italy.  In contrast Falkner et al. 2002 considered the taxon as a good species in France, but also suggested that it was conspecific with B. gaudefroyi." 156194,Paladilhiopsis montenegrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,montenegrina,,,,,"Schütt, 1959", 156299,Napaeus texturatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,texturatus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156300,Monacha cemenelea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,cemenelea,,,,,"(Risso, 1826)", 156301,Madeirovitrina albopalliata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Madeirovitrina,albopalliata,,,,,"(Groh & Hemmen, 1986)","Seddon (2008) noted that these animals were originally placed as Vitrina when they were described by Lowe and Gould, Waldén (1983) placed the species as Phenacolimax Stabile, 1864, but the main revision by Groh and Hemmen (1986) established the new subgenus Madeirovitrina for the Madeiran species. Work by Alonso et al. (2000) established the genus Plutonia for all the species of Vitrinidae in the Atlantic islands, including subgenera: Guerrina, Madeirovitrina, Insulivitrina and Canarivitrina. Mordan and Martins (2001) reviewed the species from the Azores and noted that all the Atlantic island species could be considered a monophyletic group based on the position of the penial retractor muscle.

In contrast, Schileyko (2003) elevated Guerrina and Madeirovitrina to full genera leaving only Canarivitrina in Plutonia. This treatment has been adopted by MolluscaBase (2022), which we follow here." 156302,Xeroplexa intersecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeroplexa,intersecta,,,,,"(Poiret, 1801)", 156303,Liburnica crinita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,crinita,,,,,"(Strobel, 1854)",The latest taxonomic revision was done by Subai (2002).


156304,Discula calcigena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,calcigena,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Mandahl-Barth (1950) recognised six subspecies including D. pulvinata which Walden (1983) raised to species level. Bank et al. (2002) still recognise 4 subspecies from the islets, D.c.maxima (Ilheu de Ferro), D.c.calcigena (Ilheu de Baixo), D.c.barbozae (Ilheu da Fonte d'Areia)." 156305,Helix philibinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,philibinensis,,,,,"Rossmässler, 1839", 156307,Agardhiella lamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,lamellata,,,,,"(Clessin, 1887)", 156308,Cernuella rugosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,rugosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)", 156309,Paratheba fruticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Paratheba,fruticola,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1833)", 15631,Osmerus eperlanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Osmerus,eperlanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156310,Pagodulina tschapecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,tschapecki,,,,,"(Gredler, 1876)","In Austria, the records of this species are doubted by P. Reischutz (pers. comm. 2010) as, in each case, they come from a single specimen in a population of Pagodulina pagodula. Therefore P. Reischutz assumes that these records are rather abnormal specimens of P. pagodula and that P. tschapecki is not a valid species." 156311,Xerogyra spadae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerogyra,spadae,,,,,"(Calcara, 1845)","An anatomically well differentiated undescribed species, which has previously been confounded with C. spadae, has been recognized by A. Hallgass between Monte Catria and Gualdo Tadino in the border region of Marche and Umbria (Hallgass pers. comm. 2011)." 156313,Helicella itala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,itala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156314,Napaeus propinquus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,propinquus,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156316,Schileykiella reinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Schileykiella,reinae,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1857)", 156317,Chondrina ripkeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,ripkeni,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1973", 156319,Monacha solidior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,solidior,,,,,"(Mousson, 1863)","M. solidior is difficult to distinguish from other Monacha species based on shell characters only (mainly M. carascaloides) (Hausdorf 2000)." 156322,Cattania maranajensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,maranajensis,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","Originally described as Campylaea maranajensis A.J. Wagner, 1914." 156323,Eubrephulus bicallosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Eubrephulus,bicallosa,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1847)","The species was previously described as Bulimus bicallosus." 156324,Helix ligata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,ligata,,,,,"O.F. Müller, 1774","This is a polytypic species, but the numerous subspecies known are not present in the Italian check-list.  There is an enormous need for a taxonomical revision to clarify whether this is a species complex, or whether this is a phaenotypically variable species.  One of these forms has been separated as a species in its own rights: Helix delpretiana Paulucci, 1878. The status of another taxon, Helix ligata mileti Kobelt, 1907, is frequently considered to be a valid subspecies, but this is not satisfactorily clarified at the moment." 156325,Platyla pezzolii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,pezzolii,,,,,"Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989", 156326,Hemicycla granomalleata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,granomalleata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 156327,Insulivitrina solemi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,solemi,,,,,"(Ibáñez & M.R. Alonso, 2001)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999), who cited this species as Plutonia sp.

" 156328,Chondrula bergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,bergeri,,,,,"(Roth, 1839)", 156329,Arianta stenzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Arianta,stenzii,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)",Klemm (1974) and Gittenberger et al. (2004) treat Arianta stenzii as a subspecies of A. arbustorum. 156330,Napaeus roccellicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,roccellicola,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156333,Acicula disjuncta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,disjuncta,,,,,"Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989", 156334,Xerolenta depulsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerolenta,depulsa,,,,,"(L. Pintér, 1969)",Damjanov and Likharev (1975) did not mention this species. MolluscaBase (2022) consider the species status to be taxon inquirendum. 156335,Pupilla alpicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pupilla,alpicola,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1837)", 156336,Xerotricha crispolanata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,crispolanata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","The taxonomic identity of this species requires confirmation, it is listed as 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022)." 156337,Codringtonia parnassia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Codringtonia,parnassia,,,,,"(Roth, 1855)", 156340,Urticicola isaricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Urticicola,isaricus,,,,,"(Locard, 1882)","There is a distinct subspecies, Urticicola isaricus ventouxianus, endemic from Mont Ventoux." 156341,Canariella eutropis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,eutropis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1861)", 156342,Mastus venerabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,venerabilis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1855)", 156343,Xeromunda alticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeromunda,alticola,,,,,"Hausdorf, 1995", 156344,Mengoana jeschaui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Mengoana,jeschaui,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1878)", 156345,Thiessea nympha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,nympha,,,,,"(Subai, 1996)", 156346,Chondrina bergomensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,bergomensis,,,,,"(Küster, 1850)", 156347,Eucobresia diaphana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Eucobresia,diaphana,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 156348,Mastus emarginatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,emarginatus,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1835)","

There is a taxonomic issue related with the species Mastus emarginatus and M. ehrenbergi. The two names have been used interchangeably in the past but since emarginatus is oldest (Deshayes 1835), here we use this as the valid one. The species is endemic to Antikythira Island and references from the Greek mainland should be assigned to other species (Heller 1976, Parmakelis et al. 2005). 

" 156349,Macularia sylvatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Macularia,sylvatica,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 15635,Osteolaemus tetraspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Osteolaemus,tetraspis,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 156351,Abida partioti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,partioti,,,,,"(Saint-Simon, 1848)", 156352,Phenacolimax blanci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Phenacolimax,blanci,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1884)","The species was originally described as a variety of Phenacolimax major, and has been elevated to species rank by Boato et al. (1986)." 156353,Napaeus indifferens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,indifferens,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156354,Canariella multigranosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,multigranosa,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156355,Tyrrheniberus villicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tyrrheniberus,villicus,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1882)","According to Fiorentino et al. (2010), T. sardonius is a younger synonym of T. villicus." 156356,Platyla gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,gracilis,,,,,"(Clessin, 1877)", 156358,Chilostoma zonatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,zonatum,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)","There are three accepted subspecies for this species: Chilostoma zonatum flavovirens, C. zonatum foetens and C. zonatum zonatum." 156359,Helicodonta obvoluta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Helicodonta,obvoluta,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 15636,Ostodes brazieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Ostodes,brazieri,,,,,"Clench, 1949", 156362,Orculella ignorata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,ignorata,,,,,"Hausdorf, 1996", 156363,Rupestrella homala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Rupestrella,homala,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1892)","According to Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010), the species has two subspecies: R.homala massae Beckmann, 2002 and R. homala falkneri Beckmann, 2002." 156364,Napaeus gruereanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,gruereanus,,,,,"(Grasset, 1857)", 156365,Chondrina centralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,centralis,,,,,"(Fagot, 1891)", 156366,Pyrenaearia carascalopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,carascalopsis,,,,,"(Fagot, 1884)","DNA sequence studies show that P. carascalensis and P. carascalopsis are different species. P. esserana (Fagot 1888) is a junior synonym of P. carascalopsis." 156367,Canarivitrina taburientensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Canarivitrina,taburientensis,,,,,"(Groh & Valido, 2000)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands have been treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156369,Madeirovitrina nitida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Madeirovitrina,nitida,,,,,"(A. Gould, 1846)","Seddon (2008) noted that these animals were originally listed as Vitrina when they were described by Lowe and Gould, Waldén (1983) placed the species as Phenacolimax Stabile, 1864, but the main revision by Groh and Hemmen (1986) established the new subgenus Madeirovitrina for the Madeiran species. Work by Alonso et al. (2000) established the genus Plutonia for all the species of Vitrinidae in the Atlantic islands, including subgenera: Guerrina, Madeirovitrina, Insulivitrina and Canarivitrina.

In contrast, Schileyko (2003) elevated Guerrina and Madeirovitrina to full genera leaving only Canarivitrina in Plutonia. This treatment follows Alonso et al. (2000). Mordan and Martins (2001) reviewed the species from Azores and noted that all the Atlantic island species could be considered a monophyletic group based on the position of the penial retractor muscle." 156371,Caucasotachea vindobonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Caucasotachea,vindobonensis,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 156373,Mastus itanosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,itanosensis,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 156374,Cernuellopsis ghisottii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Cernuellopsis,ghisottii,,,,,"Manganelli & Giusti, 1988", 156377,Xerotricha corderoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,corderoi,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger & Manga, 1977)",Some authors consider this species must be included in Helicella instead of Xerotricha genus (Gittenberger and Manga 1977). 156378,Napaeus helvolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,helvolus,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156379,Napaeus maffioteanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,maffioteanus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156380,Drepanostoma nautiliforme,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Drepanostoma,nautiliforme,,,,,"Porro, 1836", 156382,Edentiella lurida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Edentiella,lurida,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)",The taxon is in need of critical revision. 156383,Monacha frequens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,frequens,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)", 156384,Callina rotula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Callina,rotula,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 156385,Pagodulina subdola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,subdola,,,,,"(Gredler, 1856)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species is comprised of the following subspecies: Pagodulina subdola subdola Gredler, 1856, P. subdola brabeneci Hudec, 1971, P. subdola gracilior Pilsbry, 1926, P. subdola litoralis Bole, 1995 and P. subdola superstes Klemm, 1935.


" 156387,Pseudotachea splendida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Pseudotachea,splendida,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 156388,Xerocampylaea zelebori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Xerocampylaea,zelebori,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)",


156390,Abida cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,cylindrica,,,,,"(Michaud, 1829)", 156392,Hemicycla quadricincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,quadricincta,,,,,"(Morelet, 1864)","There are two described sub-species: Hemicycla quadricincta quadricincta and H. quadricincta subaucta Wollaston, 1878." 156393,Hemicycla glasiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,glasiana,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156394,Orculella exaggerata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,exaggerata,,,,,"(Fuchs & Käufel, 1936)", 156398,Cernuella cisalpina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,cisalpina,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)", 156399,Causa holosericea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Causa,holosericea,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)", 156400,Paramastus cyprius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Paramastus,cyprius,,,,,"Zilch, 1951", 156401,Multidentula ovularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Multidentula,ovularis,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)","The species was previously described as Bulimus ovularis, and there are no subspecies described." 156402,Euomphalia strigella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Euomphalia,strigella,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","A synonym of this species is Helix podolica Westerlund, 1897." 156403,Platyla banatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,banatica,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)", 156404,Truncatellina linearis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,linearis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)", 156405,Theba clausoinflata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Theba,clausoinflata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1857)","Theba clausoinflata was originally published under the generic name Helix." 156406,Edentiella edentula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Edentiella,edentula,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","This is a polytypic species that is currently subdivided into five subspecies:

  • Edentiella edentula edentula (Draparnaud, 1805) – Distribution: France, Switzerland.
  • Edentiella edentula helvetica (Polinski, 1929) – Distribution: France, Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria
  • Edentiella edentula liminifera (Held, 1836) – Distribution: Germany, Austria
  • Edentiella edentula subleucozona (Westerlund, 1889) – Distribution: Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Italy
  • Edentiella edentula suevica (Poliński, 1929) – Distribution: Germany.
" 156408,Candidula codia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Candidula,codia,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1859)", 156409,Xerosecta cespitum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,cespitum,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","The species has often been confused with Xerosecta introducta in the past." 156410,Hemicycla gaudryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,gaudryi,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1839)", 156411,Liburnica insolita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,insolita,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)","According to the latest revision (Subai 2002), there are three valid subspecies: Chilostoma insolita insolita (Rossmassler, 1838), Chilostoma insolita costulata (Brusina 1869) and Chilostoma insolita ventricosa (A. J. Wagner, 1915).


" 156413,Urticicola mounierensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Urticicola,mounierensis,,,,,"(Caziot, 1909)", 156414,Ena subtilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Ena,subtilis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","The subspecies Ena subtilis corcyrensis (Mousson 1859) lives in Albania (Fehér & Erőss 2009) and in Greece (according to the collection off the HNHM)." 156415,Liburnica hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,hoffmanni,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","Subai (2002) accepted two valid subspecies: Chilostoma hoffmanni hoffmanni and Chilostoma hoffmanni walteri O. Boettger, 1886." 156419,Metafruticicola sublecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,sublecta,,,,,"(von Maltzan, 1884)","The genus was revised by Bank et al. (2013) and this species name was amended from Metafruticicola lectus (A. Férussac, 1832)." 156420,Xerotricha nubivaga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,nubivaga,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1882)", 156422,Napaeopsis merditanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeopsis,merditanus,,,,,"(Sturany, 1907)","Fauna Europaea distinguishes four subspecies: Napaeopsis merditanus merditanus Sturany, 1907, N. merditanus latifianus Sturany, 1907, N. merditanus winneguthi Sturany, 1907 and N. merditanus. zebianus Sturany, 1907. Some authors believe that not only these four names are synonyms, but that N. merditanus merditanus in fact belongs to a polytypic species N. cephalonicus (Dhora and Welter-Schultes 1996, AnimalBase).
Based on the material stored in the HNHM Mollusc Collection (Z. Fehér, unpublished data), it seems that northern Albanian populations differ from southern Albanian ones (Fehér and Erőss 2009b).


" 156423,Xerogyra grovesiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerogyra,grovesiana,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1881)","C. grovesiana is taxonomically inhomogeneous and seems to represent a group of distinct species or at least a Rassenkreis, which is in urgent need of revision; the well differentiated form C. scissa (Paulucci, 1881), originally described as a variety of C. cavannae (Paulucci, 1881), belongs anatomically to the grovesiana-group (unpublished data of A. Hallgass).
" 156427,Multidentula stylus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Multidentula,stylus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)", 156428,Ichnusomunda usticensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ichnusomunda,usticensis,,,,,"(Calcara, 1842)","This species is often referenced in the literature as Cernuella usticensis (Calcara, 1842)." 156429,Lindholmiola girva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,girva,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1835)", 156430,Monacha dofleini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,dofleini,,,,,"(P. Hesse, 1928)",


156431,Monacha pseudorothii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,pseudorothii,,,,,"Hausdorf, 2003", 156432,Thiessea valkanovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,valkanovi,,,,,"(Urbański, 1960)", 156434,Thiessea fuchsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,fuchsiana,,,,,"(Knipper, 1939)", 156436,Orcula gularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,gularis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","This is a polytypic species with the currently accepted subspecies being: Orcula gularis gularis and O. gularis oreina Pilsbry, 1934." 156437,Renea gentilei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,gentilei,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1889)", 156438,Renea kobelti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,kobelti,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1910)","This species has two accepted subspecies: Renea kobelti kobelti and R. kobelti albanica Boeters, Gittenberger & Subai, 1989." 156439,Agardhiella crassilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,crassilabris,,,,,"(Grossu & Negrea, 1968)", 156440,Corneola squamatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Corneola,squamatina,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 156442,Cernuella amanda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,amanda,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)", 156443,Xerotricha jamuzensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,jamuzensis,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger & Manga, 1977)",Some authors consider this species must be included in Helicella instead of Xerotricha genus (Gittenberger and Manga 1977). 156444,Josephinella phocaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,phocaea,,,,,"(Roth, 1856)","The Red List assessment of this species was first published with the species authority '(Roth, 1855)'. The year of description of the species is revised to 1856 following MolluscaBase (2022)." 156445,Xerosecta arigonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,arigonis,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1853)","

There is a taxonomic confusion between X. arigonis and X. cespitum and molecular studies are needed to confirm the validity of both species.

" 156446,Monacha dirphica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,dirphica,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1876)", 156447,Hemicycla sarcostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,sarcostoma,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156448,Mastus pusio,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,pusio,,,,,"(Broderip, 1836)", 156449,Liburnica pentheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,pentheri,,,,,"(Sturany, 1901)",


156450,Xerocrassa claudiconus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,claudiconus,,,,,"Hausdorf & Welter-Schultes, 1998", 156452,Mastus carneolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,carneolus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1863)","According to Schütt (2001) Mastus carneolus is the subspecies of M. rossmaessleri (L. Pfeiffer 1847), whereas several other authors consider this taxon a separate species." 156453,Rupestrella rupestris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Rupestrella,rupestris,,,,,"(Philippi, 1836)","According to Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) R. rupestris (Philippi, 1836) have four subspecies: R. rupestris coloba (Pilsbry, 1918), R. rupestris margritae Beckmann, 2002, R. rupestris carolae Beckmann, 2002 and R. rupestris lamellosa Beckmann, 2002." 156454,Spirorbula depauperata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Spirorbula,depauperata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Cameron et al. (2006) has shown that there appears to be a range in size from the two extremes of form with S. depauperata representing one most common size form and S. latina the smallest extreme. Both Seddon and Cameron’s research on the fossil deposits of Porto Santo do not recognise any fossil material as S. latina, but recognise that at sites, material appears to have a consistent shape and form. Cameron et al. (2006) show that types of the two species are extremes of the range of variability." 156455,Merdigera obscura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Merdigera,obscura,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 156456,Xerocrassa ripacurcica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,ripacurcica,,,,,"(Bofill, 1886)", 156458,Hygromia tassyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Hygromia,tassyi,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1884)", 156461,Lindholmiola spectabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,spectabilis,,,,,"Urbanski, 1960", 156462,Agardhiella dabovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,dabovici,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1975", 156463,Jaminia quadridens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Jaminia,quadridens,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)","Fauna Europaea (Bank et al. 2006) recognizes two subspecies: Jamina quadridens quadridens and J. quadridens elongata." 156464,Marmorana nebrodensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,nebrodensis,,,,,"(Pirajno, 1842)","This is a polytypical species; in addition to the nominotypical subspecies, three further subspecies are listed in Fauna Europaea: M. m. castellana (Monterosato, 1892), M. n. impervia (Monterosato, 1892), and M. n. silvestrii (Cafici, 1885). The nominotypical subspecies has been defined by a lectotype designation by Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (1986)." 156465,Lindholmiola regisborisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,regisborisi,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)", 156466,Xerocrassa cretica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,cretica,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)","A detailed study is required to assess which of  the forms present in the Aegean Islands, Greek mainland, the west coast of Turkey, Cyprus, Libya, and Egypt (Brandt 1959) are actually conspecific with X. cretica, and which should be considered as separate species (Hausdorf & Sauer 2009)." 156468,Arianta arbustorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Arianta,arbustorum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156470,Platyla minutissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,minutissima,,,,,"Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989", 156471,Cernuella hydrutina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,hydrutina,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1883)","The species has been described in Lieferung 3/4 of vol. 1 of the Neue Folge of Rossmässler's Iconographie, which appeared on 24 Dec. 1883, and should be cited with that year." 156472,Monilearia granostriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,granostriata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1857)","This species was described from Lanzarote, but it actually occurs only on Fuerteventura. This is probably due to a confusion of museum labels." 156473,Monacha gregaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,gregaria,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","Pintér (1977) created for this species the new Subgenus Szentgalya. This is not accepted by Bank  (2011) in Fauna Europaea (which this assessment is following), but Liberto et al. (2010) elevate Szentgalya to the rank of a full genus." 156474,Dinarica stenomphala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Dinarica,stenomphala,,,,,"(Menke, 1830)","Based on morphological similarities, Subai (1995) proposed that Helicigona albanica Jaeckel, 1954 might in fact be a subspecies of Dinarica stenomphala, although it is also possible that genital anatomy will prove in the future that Helicigona albanica is a distinct species (P. Subai pers. comm. 2010). As H. albanica Jaeckel, 1954 is a junior homonym of H. albanica Kobelt, 1902 (= H. pouzolzi montenegrina) it should not be used. As long as the systematics of this group is not revised (Subai in prep.) here the name H. albanica Jaeckel, 1954 is used in the iterim." 156475,Xerolenta razlogi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerolenta,razlogi,,,,,"(L. Pintér, 1969)","The species occurs parapatrically with X. obvia and could be conspecific with this species (Pintér 1969). The taxonomic status of the species needs a serious reinvestigation." 156477,Xerocrassa poecilodoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,poecilodoma,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1894)", 156478,Helicopsis cypriola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,cypriola,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1889)","According to Gittenberger (1991), Helicella juglans differs conchologically from Helicopsis cypriola in several characters, but none of these differences is very conspicuous." 156479,Ena montana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Ena,montana,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 156480,Trochoidea cumiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Trochoidea,cumiae,,,,,"(Calcara, 1847)",The subpopulation on Lampione constitutes perhaps an undescribed conchologically well characterised subspecies. 156481,Xeroplexa olisippensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeroplexa,olisippensis,,,,,"(Servain, 1880)","Gittenberger (1993) indicated that this species probably constitutes a species complex given the wide conchiological variability presented, but currently this is still to be confirmed. Some records for this species from Portugal have to be corrected due to confusion with C. intersecta." 156482,Xerotricha gonzalezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,gonzalezi,,,,,"(Azpeitia, 1925)", 156483,Hemicycla fritschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,fritschi,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156485,Hemicycla hedybia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,hedybia,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1882)", 156486,Napaeus flavoterminatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,flavoterminatus,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)",The taxonomic status of this species is placed as 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022). 156488,Acicula beneckei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,beneckei,,,,,"(Andreae, 1883)","This species probably contains also Acme lineata var. subcostulata Pini, 1884. However, as the type material of this taxon could not yet be studied (Boeters et al. 1989), the decision had to be postponed." 156489,Platyla cryptomena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,cryptomena,,,,,"(De Folin & Berillon, 1877)", 156492,Xerocrassa subvariegata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,subvariegata,,,,,"(Maltzan, 1883)","Xerocrassa subvariegata is most similar to X. grabusana. Some depressed forms of X. subvariegata can also be similar to Pseudoxerophila oertzeni (Maltzan 1887), from which it differs in the narrower umbilicus andthe lack of incised spiral striae (Hausdorf & Sauer 2009)." 156493,Leptaxis groviana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,groviana,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)","

Bank et al. (2002) list the species as Helix (Helicogena) groviana A. Férussac, 1832, on the basis that the name L. undata (Lowe) is preoccupied by Helix undata (Gmelin, 1791). However, Waldén (1983) noted the assertion by Cockerell (1922) that “Helix groviana Férussac” as a senior synonym of undata is unfounded; in his view the name is a misspelling of H. groyana Férussac 1821 which is a nomen nudum. Given the large number of papers that had used L. undata as the valid name since Cockerell (1922), Seddon (2008) continued to use Leptaxis undata (Lowe).

There are two island subspecies recognised, which Cameron and Cook (1999) treated as full species:

Leptaxis groviana leonina Lowe, 1852 Bugio.
Leptaxis groviana vulcania Lowe, 1852 Deserta Grande and Chão.





" 156494,Monilearia oleacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,oleacea,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156496,Zebrina fasciolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Zebrina,fasciolata,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)", 156498,Napaeus beguirae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,beguirae,,,,,"Henríquez, 1995", 156499,Monacha oshanovae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,oshanovae,,,,,"I. & L. Pinter, 1970","Irikov (2008) wrote: ""We consider there is needful investigation of genital anatomy in details and check-up the material of M. oshanovae in the future, wherefore we assume the taxon validity only conventional""." 156500,Eucobresia glacialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Eucobresia,glacialis,,,,,"(Forbes, 1837)", 156501,Monilearia pulverulenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,pulverulenta,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1861)", 156502,Turanena hemmeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Turanena,hemmeni,,,,,"Bank & Butot, 1990", 156504,Thiessea arcadica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,arcadica,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1867)", 156505,Platyla stussineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,stussineri,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1884)", 156506,Xerolenta thasia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerolenta,thasia,,,,,"(P. Reischütz, 1983)", 156507,Metafruticicola dictaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,dictaea,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1889)",The genus is in need of an extensive revision. 156508,Marmorana serpentina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,serpentina,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)", 156509,Zarateana rocandioi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Zarateana,rocandioi,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zárate & López, 1950)",The type locality is Mansilla de la Sierra (La Rioja). 156511,Monacha lamalouensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,lamalouensis,,,,,"(Reynes, 1870)","The taxonomic status of this species needs to be fully investigated, especially at the molecular level." 156512,Theba andalusica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Theba,andalusica,,,,,"E. Gittenberger & Ripken, 1987","

The distinction between Theba andalusica Gittenberger & Ripken, 1987 and the sympatric (i.e. occupying the same geographic areas without interbreeding) T. pisana pisana is based exclusively on shell characters (Gittenberger and Ripken 1987 does not described anatomical differences). New taxonomic research will clarify the status of this species.

" 156513,Monilearia praeposita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,praeposita,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156516,Truncatellina purpuraria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,purpuraria,,,,,"Hutterer & Groh, 1993", 156517,Trochulus striolatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,striolatus,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 156519,Helix pomatia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,pomatia,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 156520,Backeljaia najerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Backeljaia,najerensis,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zarate Lopez, 1950)", 156521,Multidentula squalina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Multidentula,squalina,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","The species has two subspecies, M. s. eudoxina (Naegele 1894) which are found in Turkey (Schütt 2001)." 156525,Cattania zebiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,zebiana,,,,,"(Sturany, 1907)",The species' systematic position needs to be revised (P. Subai pers. comm. 2010). 156526,Argna thracica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Argna,thracica,,,,,"Subai, 1999", 156529,Hemicycla guamartemes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,guamartemes,,,,,"(Grasset, 1857)", 156530,Josephinella argentellei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,argentellei,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1872)", 156531,Discula pulvinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,pulvinata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 156532,Agardhiella truncatella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,truncatella,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)","According to the latest revision (Subai 2008), this species and Agardhiella skipetarica are distinct species. This opinion is in contrast with Fauna Europaea that treats the latter taxon as the subspecies of the former one. During this assessment, Subai's view was followed and only A. truncatella was assessed." 156533,Helix valentini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,valentini,,,,,"Kobelt, 1891", 156534,Platyla polita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,polita,,,,,"(W. Hartmann, 1840)", 156535,Mastus gittenbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,gittenbergeri,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 156536,Platyla similis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,similis,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1880)","The species was previously described as Acme similis." 156537,Rhabdoena mirifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Rhabdoena,mirifica,,,,,"(Bank & Menkhorst, 1992)", 156538,Oestophora silvae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,silvae,,,,,"Ortiz de Zarate Lopez, 1962","Prieto (1986) suggested that O. silvae could contain more than one species, with the subpopulations of the east part of its range belong to another different species." 156539,Suboestophora gasulli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Suboestophora,gasulli,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zárate Rocandio & Ortiz de Zárate López, 1961)","This species has a controversial taxonomic history which is summarized by Arrébola et al. (2006). These authors, that contribute an updated diagnosis for the Trissexodontidae genera Oestophora, Gasullia, Suboestophora and Hatumia n. gen., and consider Gasullia for G. gasulli.
" 156541,Napaeus baeticatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,baeticatus,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156542,Napaeus tenoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,tenoensis,,,,,"Henriquez, 1993", 156543,Canariella lanosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,lanosa,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","

This species has been treated as a variation of Canariella hispidula by Ibanez et al. (1995). However, currently this form is considered as a separate species (Bank et al. 2002).

" 156544,Chondrina avenacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,avenacea,,,,,"(Bruguière, 1792)", 156545,Madeirovitrina marcida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Madeirovitrina,marcida,,,,,"(A.A. Gould, 1847)","Seddon (2008) noted that these animals were originally placed as Vitrina when they were described by Lowe and Gould, Waldén (1983) placed the species as Phenacolimax Stabile, 1864, but the main revision by Groh and Hemmen (1986) established the new subgenus Madeirovitrina for the Madeiran species. Work by Alonso et al. (2000) established the genus Plutonia for all the species of Vitrinidae in the Atlantic islands, including subgenera: Guerrina, Madeirovitrina, Insulivitrina and Canarivitrina. Mordan and Martins (2001) reviewed the species from the Azores and noted that all the Atlantic island species could be considered a monophyletic group based on the position of the penial retractor muscle.

In contrast, Schileyko (2003) elevated Guerrina and Madeirovitrina to full genera leaving only Canarivitrina in Plutonia. This treatment has been adopted by MolluscaBase (2022), which we follow here." 156546,Chondrina kobeltoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,kobeltoides,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1973","This species has two subspecies: Ch. kobeltoides kobeltoides Gittenberger 1973 and Ch. k. cliendentata Gittenberger 1973." 156547,Chondrina ascendens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,ascendens,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1878)", 156548,Mastus grandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,grandis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species is comprised of two subspecies: Mastus grandis grandis and Mastus grandis giuricus Westerlund, 1901. This species is known to have been previously confused with Mastus pupa by several authors (Fehér and Erőss 2009)." 156550,Josephinella subzonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,subzonata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)","MolluscaBase (2002) accepts three subspecies;
  • Josephinella subzonata ssp. distans (E. von Martens, 1876)
  • Josephinella subzonata ssp. pindica (O. Boettger, 1886)
  • Josephinella subzonata ssp. subzonata (Mousson, 1859).
" 156551,Xerocrassa prietoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,prietoi,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1878)","The validity of Xerocrassa prietoi muroensis Graack 2005 needs further research." 156552,Speleodentorcula beroni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Speleodentorcula,beroni,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1985","

Speleodentorcula is a monotypic genus, i.e. it consists of a single species (Gittenberger, 1985).

" 156553,Trochulus coelomphala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,coelomphala,,,,,"(Locard, 1888)","Fauna Europaea and AnimalBase treat this as a distinct species. Ehrmann (1956), however, treats it as a synonym of Trochulus hispidus. Germain (1930) treated it in the same way, if the name ""choanomphala Locard"" is a mistyping and refers to the taxon. According to Prockow (2009), it is a synonym of Trochulus caelatus (Studer, 1820). Until recently T. coelomphala was confounded with large forms of T. hispidus; the taxon is in need of a critical revision.


" 156554,Montserratina martorelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Montserratina,martorelli,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1870)", 156555,Thiessea melpomene,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,melpomene,,,,,"(Subai, 1996)", 156556,Monacha claustralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,claustralis,,,,,"(Menke, 1828)","The species cannot be distinguished by shell characters from the similar Monacha cartusiana (Müller 1774), therefore the ""dry samples"" from southeastern Europe are taxonomically doubtful." 156557,Corneola desmoulinsii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Corneola,desmoulinsii,,,,,"(Farines, 1834)","Chilostoma desmoulinsii comprises three subspecies: Ch. desmoulinsii atricha, Ch. desmoulinsii bechi and Ch. desmoulinsii desmoulinsii.

Chilostoma acrotricha has sometimes been considered as a subspecies of Chilostoma desmoulinsii but is now considered as a good species, presumably with subspecies (Falkner et al. 2002)." 156559,Xerotricha orbignii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,orbignii,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1836)", 156561,Chondrus tournefortianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrus,tournefortianus,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)", 156562,Napaeus orientalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,orientalis,,,,,"Henriquez, 1995", 156563,Marmorana globularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,globularis,,,,,"(Philippi, 1836)","This is a polytypical species; in addition to the nominotypical subspecies, further 10 subspecies are listed as valid in Fauna Europaea: ascherae (Kobelt, 1880), caltabelottensis (Kobelt, 1890), conspicua (Benoit, 1857), eugeniae (L. Pfeiffer, 1853), huetiana (Benoit, 1857), latilabris (Westerlund, 1876), nebulosa (Monterosato, 1892), spoliata (Monterosato, 1892), tiberiana (Benoit, 1857), transiens (K. L. Pfeiffer, 1931). In the genetic analysis (Fiorentino et al. 2008), only one specimen determined as ""cf globularis"" is included, which allows no conclusions with regard to taxonomic position or distribution of this taxon." 156564,Hygromia odeca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Hygromia,odeca,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1882)","This species has been revalidated by Falkner et al. (2002). Its taxonomic validity needs to be fully investigated, especially at the molecular level." 156565,Thiessea sphaeriostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,sphaeriostoma,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1857)", 156566,Chondrula tricuspidata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,tricuspidata,,,,,"(Küster, 1843)","Damjanov & Likharev (1975) and Schütt (2001) consider this species as the subspecies of Chondrula microtragus (Rossmassler 1839), whereas www.faunaeur.org distinguishes it on species level." 156568,Mastus transsylvanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,transsylvanicus,,,,,"M. von Kimakowicz, 1883", 156569,Chondrina megacheilos,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,megacheilos,,,,,"(De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)","Genetic analysis of Chondrina spp. are currently under way." 156570,Xeropicta ledereri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeropicta,ledereri,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)","Xeropicta ledereri  is hypothesized to be a polytypic, extremely variable, species species with X. l. ledereri and X. l. mavromoustakisi as subspecies (Gittenberger 1991)." 156571,Oestophora granesae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,granesae,,,,,"Arrebola, 1998","Oestophora granesae was described by Arrébola (1998) based on specimens from a single locality, the type locality. A narrower and cylindrical umbilicus (shell) and the general aspect of the stimulatory apparatus and a particularly long and wide epiphallus (reproductive system) differentiate it from all other Oestophora species, and especially from the similar O. ortizi. Arrébola and Ruiz (2008) found the species in a second locality where O. ortizi was also present, and where some specimens showing intermediate features between both species were also found. These intermediate specimen have also appeared in several other localities. Arrébola et al. (in press) conclude this could be an extremely rare species with possible episodes of hybridisation with O. ortizi, which could be displacing it. In fact, in the second locality where O. granesae was found, O. ortizi was also present. Genetic taxonomy techniques are currently employed to elucidate the status of these two species, as well as some others." 156572,Napaeus rufobrunneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,rufobrunneus,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 156573,Monachoides taraensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monachoides,taraensis,,,,,"De Winter & Maassen, 1992", 156574,Rhabdoena zasiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Rhabdoena,zasiensis,,,,,"(Bank & Menkhorst, 1992)", 156575,Suboestophora boscae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Suboestophora,boscae,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1869)", 156576,Xerocampylaea waldemari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Xerocampylaea,waldemari,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1912)",Proćków et al. (2019) described the species and placed it within genus Xerocampylaea. 156577,Helicella cistorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,cistorum,,,,,"(Morelet, 1845)","Locus Typicus: Dans L'Alentejo, du côté de Mertola et de Portalègre (Alentejo)." 156578,Liburnica dunjana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,dunjana,,,,,"(Knipper, 1941)",The revision of Subai (2002) placed this species in genus Liburnica. 156579,Liburnica setosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,setosa,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)","MolluscaBase (2022) recognises two subspecies: Chilostoma setosa setosa and Chilostoma setosa imberbis Brusina, 1876.

Subai (2002) placed this species in genus Liburnica.


" 156580,Xerocrassa grata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,grata,,,,,"(F. Haas, 1924)","It was described as a subspecies of Xerocrassa murcica (currently X. subrogata). It is accepted as a valid species by some authors but only as a subspecies of Xerocrassa murcica by others. The taxonomy needs to be clarified." 156581,Josephinella byshekensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,byshekensis,,,,,"(Knipper, 1941)", 156582,Vertigo lilljeborgi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,lilljeborgi,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1871)", 156583,Monilearia watsoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,watsoniana,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)",This species has not been recorded since its description in 1878. 156584,Dinarica pouzolzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Dinarica,pouzolzii,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1832)","Three subspecies are accepted (MolluscaBase 2022):
  • Dinarica pouzolzii ssp. bosniensis (Kobelt, 1871).
  • Dinarica pouzolzii ssp. montenegrina (Rossmässler, 1836).
  • Dinarica pouzolzii ssp. pouzolzii (Deshayes, 1832).
" 156587,Cattania faueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,faueri,,,,,"(Subai, 1990)", 156588,Helicella bolenensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,bolenensis,,,,,"(Locard, 1882)", 156589,Platyla pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,pinteri,,,,,"(Subai, 1976)",


156590,Napaeus chrysaloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,chrysaloides,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 156591,Euchondrus limbodentatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Euchondrus,limbodentatus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1854)", 156593,Euchondrus ledereri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Euchondrus,ledereri,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1868)", 156594,Mastigophallus rangianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Mastigophallus,rangianus,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)", 156596,Thiessea pieperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,pieperi,,,,,"(Subai, 1996)", 156597,Perforatella bidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Perforatella,bidentata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)", 156598,Napaeus consecoanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,consecoanus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156599,Napaeus subgracilior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,subgracilior,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 156600,Steenbergia duplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Steenbergia,duplex,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1950)","Bank et al. (2002) retain three taxa, Steenbergia pauperculum, S. desertae, and S. duplex following the belief that the conchological forms identified are distinct species. In contrast, Cook and Lace (1993) suggest that the variability in conchological forms relates to incomplete speciation.

There have been further investigations into the anatomical and genetic variability of these taxa on Porto Santo. Lace (1992) showed that there are euphallic (fully hermaphrodite) populations and hemiphallic (lacking male distal genitalia) populations. Neither Cook nor Lace followed Mandahl-Barth (1950) in considering Steenbergia duplex and Steenbergia desertae as distinct species, instead placing the shell forms as a single species (Cameron et al. 1999).

Further research by Craze and Lace (2000) show that there are distinct associations with habitats, they suggest that the toothed and untoothed populations represent sandy and rocky populations as opposed to those from more vegetated sites. There are other conchological differences in the taxa, notably the granular surface sculpture, but it is possible that further work may resolve this taxonomic issue." 156601,Acicula vezzanii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,vezzanii,,,,,"Bodon, 1994", 156602,Ponentina revelata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Ponentina,revelata,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)","P. revelata has been considered by some authors synonym of P. subvirescens (Bellamy 1839). The latter species lives in SE England and Wales, as well as in Britany in France. P. revelata is the name for the Ponentina populations living in South France, Spain, and Portugal, but some research is need to know if all these populations are more than one different species. Populations of Ponentina from Morocco are considered a different species. More research about this genus is needed to know the population size." 156604,Leptaxis sanctaemariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,sanctaemariae,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)","This once enigmatic species, originally described as a “Bulimus” and placed with the Napaeus-group, was recognized as an unusually shaped Leptaxidae by Backhuys (1975), who erected for it the genus Helixena. Molecular work by van Riel et al. (2005) has recognized it as a true Leptaxis, with an unusual shell." 156605,Monacha carascaloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,carascaloides,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1855)","Only ""typical"" specimens can be distinguished from M. solidior (Mousson) (Hausdorf 2000, Irikov 2008). Unquestionable determination is based on anatomical characters only." 156606,Canariella discobolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,discobolus,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156607,Allognathus balearicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Allognathus,balearicus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)","It is necessary to conduct a revision of the entire complex Iberellus Hesse, 1908, considered as a subgenus of Allognathus by several authors (Vilella et al. 2003, Beckmann (2007) or as an independent genus by some others (Jaeckel 1952, Gasull 1963, Puente 1994, Quintana 2007). Some authors consider that Iberellus contains only one species with or without subspecies within it, while some others consider several species (see Puente 1994 and Beckman 2007 for a review).

We follow the suggestions of Beckmann (2007) and Quintana (2007) who consider Allognathus hispanicus (called in these two works as Allognathus (Iberellus) balearicus balearicus (Rossmässler, 1838) or Iberellus balearicus, respectively) as a taxon endemic to Mallorca Island and Cabrera Archipelago. Other taxa of this complex include Allognathus (Iberellus) horadade (S.H. Jaeckel, 1952) from Cabrera Archipelago (Horarada Islet)  Allognathus (Iberellus) pyrenaicus (Rossmässler, 1839), from Menorca Island, Allognathus (Iberellus) tanitianus (Forés & Vilella, 1993) from Eivissa Island and Allognathus (Iberellus) pythiusensis (Bofill & Aguilar-Amat, 1924) from Bledes Islet (Eivissa). Molecular and morphological studies are needed to resolve the phylogeny and taxonomy of this complex.

Following MolluscaBase (2022) the name Allognathus balearicus (Rossmässler, 1838) is adopted, considering Helix hispanica Rossmässler, 1838 to be a preoccupied name (non Helix lactea var. hispanica Potiez & Michaud, 1835)." 156608,Eucobresia pegorarii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Eucobresia,pegorarii,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1884)", 156609,Monacha microtricha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,microtricha,,,,,"S.H.F. Jaeckel, 1954", 156611,Truncatellina rothi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,rothi,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1916)", 156612,Vertigo seminulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,seminulum,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)","This genus is known from the Madeiran archipelago, and is one of the genera that Pilsbry (1920) suggests may have been in Madeira since the Tertiary period. Pilsbry comments that the strong parietal callus is a feature seen in snails of arid regions. Schileyko (1998) placed Staurodon as a subgenus in the genus Vertigo, but had no anatomical data to support this case. The retention of the genus Staurodon in subfamily Nesopupinae follows Waldén (1983) and Bank et al. (2002).

Bank et al. (2002) place S. saxicola as the synonym rather than S. seminulum. As page priority goes to S. saxicola, Seddon (2008) used the name S. saxicola. Cameron in his various papers on Madeira used the name S. saxicola.

Waldén (1983) follows Wollaston (1878) in only recognising one taxa, placing seminulum as a synonym. In National Museum of Wales collections at some sites there are two shell morphologies which merit further investigation and as such the two forms were illustrated by Seddon (2008)." 156613,Agardhiella formosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,formosa,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","According to the latest revision (Subai 2008), this species and Agardhiella biarmata are two distinct taxa. This view is in contradiction with Fauna Europaea, which considers these species as synonyms." 156617,Cernuella aginnica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,aginnica,,,,,"(Locard, 1894)", 156618,Xerotricha huidobroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,huidobroi,,,,,"(Azpeitia, 1925)",Type locality: Murcia (Iberian Peninsula). 156619,Monacha ocellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,ocellata,,,,,"(Roth, 1839)", 156620,Thiessea hymetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,hymetti,,,,,"(Mousson, 1854)", 156621,Leucomastus varnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Leucomastus,varnensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1847)","The species was previously described as Buliminus varnensis. The species is monotypic." 156622,Chondrina tenuimarginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,tenuimarginata,,,,,"(Des Moulins, 1835)", 156623,Cattania subaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,subaii,,,,,"(Fauer, 1991)", 156624,Platyla callostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,callostoma,,,,,"(Clessin, 1911)", 156625,Kollarix kollari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Kollarix,kollari,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)",


156626,Chondrula beieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,beieri,,,,,"Klemm, 1962", 156627,Cernuella neglecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,neglecta,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 156629,Monilearia montigena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,montigena,,,,,"Bank, Groh & Ripken, 2002","This is a substitute name for Helix lemniscata Webb & Berthelot, 1833 (see Bank et al. 2002)." 156630,Mastus rossmaessleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,rossmaessleri,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1847)", 156631,Menkia horsti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Menkia,horsti,,,,,"Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1985", 156632,Orcula dolium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,dolium,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","This is a polytypic species. The currently accepted subspecies are: Orcula dolium dolium, O. dolium edita Pilsbry, 1934, O. dolium gracilior Zimmermann, 1932, O. dolium infim Pilsbry, 1934, O. dolium pseudogularis A. J. Wagner, 1912, O. dolium raxae Gittenberger, 1978 and O. dolium brancsikii Clessin, 1887 (Bank et al. 2006)." 156633,Trochoidea tarentina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Trochoidea,tarentina,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","The specific validity of this taxon is under discussion. In the Italian checklist (Manganelli et al. 1995) it is treated as a synonym of T. pyramidata. " 156634,Urticicola suberinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Urticicola,suberinus,,,,,"(Berenguier, 1882)", 156636,Helix albescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,albescens,,,,,"Rossmässler, 1839","Helix vulgaris Rossmässler, 1839 is a preoccupied name [non Helix vulgaris Da Costa, 1778], and thus not available for this species." 156637,Chondrula munita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,munita,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1894)",The species was originally described as Buliminus (Chondrulus) munitus (Westerlund 1894). 156638,Steenbergia desertae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Steenbergia,desertae,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1950)","Bank et al. (2002) retained three taxa, Steenbergia pauperculum, S. desertae, and S. duplex following the belief that the conchological forms identified are distinct species. In contrast, Cook and Lace (1993) suggest that the variability in conchological forms relates to incomplete speciation.

MolluscaBase (2022) place S. desertae as a subspecies of Steenbergia duplex, whilst recognising S. pauperculum as a valid species.

There have been further investigations into the anatomical and genetic variability of these taxa on Porto Santo. Lace (1992) showed that there are euphallic (fully hermaphrodite) subpopulations and hemiphallic (lacking male distal genitalia) populations. Neither Cook nor Lace followed Mandahl-Barth (1950) in considering Steenbergia duplex and Steenbergia desertae as distinct species, instead placing the shell forms as a single species (Cameron et al. 1999).

Further research by Craze and Lace (2000) show that there are distinct associations with habitats, they suggest that the toothed and untoothed populations represent sandy and rocky populations as opposed to those from more vegetated sites. There are other conchological differences in the taxa, notably the granular surface sculpture, but it is possible that further work may resolve this taxonomic issue." 156639,Chondrula pindica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,pindica,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1894)", 156640,Monacha maasseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,maasseni,,,,,"Hausdorf, 2003", 156641,Cattania sztolcmani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,sztolcmani,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)", 156642,Platyla dupuyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,dupuyi,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1868)", 156643,Canariella gomerae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,gomerae,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 156644,Napaeus anaga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,anaga,,,,,"(Grasset, 1857)", 156645,Corneola acrotricha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Corneola,acrotricha,,,,,"(P. Fischer, 1877)", 156648,Napaeus variatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,variatus,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156649,Pagodulina sparsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,sparsa,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1924", 156650,Argna bourguignatiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Argna,bourguignatiana,,,,,"(G. Nevill, 1880)", 156651,Ciliella ciliata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ciliella,ciliata,,,,,"(W. Hartmann, 1821)",This widespread species inhabiting mountain areas has some gaps in the distribution and may be split into cryptic species in the future. 156652,Trochulus suberecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,suberecta,,,,,"(Clessin, 1878)","This species is erroneously referenced by Giusti and Fauna Europaea as being described by Clessin in 1873; in fact, this species has been described by him in 1878. Trochulus suberectus Clessin, 1878 is described from the Löß close Regensburg. This fossil form species is not identical with the species described by Forcart (1965) under the name Trochulus suberecta with the authorship Clessin, 1878. The presumed recent species is in urgent need of taxonomic revision as the identity of the attributed isolated populations remains unclear." 156653,Monacha cantiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,cantiana,,,,,"(Montagu, 1803)","This species is under taxonomic investigation, and particularly the identification of records of this species from eastern Europe have to be corroborated." 156654,Marmorana saxetana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,saxetana,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1886)","The species belongs to the subgenus Ambigua Westerlund, 1902; the taxonomic position, and the specific coherence of the different Tuscan populations have recently been confirmed by molecular genetic studies (Fiorentino et al. 2010). But this study showed also that the typical M. fuscolabiata from the peninsula of Sorrento belongs to the same clade and can not be specifically separated (perhaps on the subspecies level) thus relegating M. saxetana into the synonymy of M. fuscolabiata (Nordsieck 2011)." 156655,Monacha cretica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,cretica,,,,,"Hausdorf, 2000", 156656,Levantina rechingeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Levantina,rechingeri,,,,,"(Fuchs & Käufel, 1936)", 156657,Chondrina falkneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,falkneri,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2002", 156658,Xerocrassa frater,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,frater,,,,,"(Dohrn & Heynemann, 1862)","Four subspecies are considered within X. frater: X. frater frater (Dohrn & Heynemann, 1862), X. frater pollenzensis (Hidalgo, 1878), X.frater pulaensis Beckmann 2007, and X. frater newka (Dohrn & Heynemann 1862), with the last two taxa having a very reduced area of occupancy." 156660,Helicella sabulivaga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,sabulivaga,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1881)","Since the early twentieth century, some authors considered this species to be a synonym of Helicella itala (Linnaeus 1758). However, Falkner et al. (2002) found morpho-anatomical differences in specimens from  its locus typicus that allows them to consider it a valid taxon and different to H. itala." 156661,Acicula multilineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,multilineata,,,,,"Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989", 156665,Xeromunda peloponnesia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeromunda,peloponnesia,,,,,"Hausdorf, 1990", 156666,Iberus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,marmoratus,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprised 20 morphospecies of uncertain validity (traditional classifications conflicted with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. They were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system shows no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente 1994, Arrébola 1995). Recently, Elejalde, Madeira, Arrébola, Muñoz and Gomez-Moliner (2008) have studied partial DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA) from different specimens of Iberus, to test the validity of the described morphospecies of the genus. The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them is I. marmoratus belonging to the medium-sized snails of the genus. Other Iberus species close to I. marmoratus are I. cobosi, I. loxanus s. str. and I. rositai s. l. We follow these authors suggestion to consider here I. marmoratus s. str.: ""as far as we know, I. cobosi, I. loxanus s. str. and I. rositai s. l. represent monophyletic groups, but their taxonomic status (species or subspecies of I. marmoratus) remains to be stated. For the time being, we suggest to maintain their specific nomenclature""." 156667,Insulivitrina canariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,canariensis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156668,Trochulus montanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,montanus,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)","A taxonomic review of the genus Trochulus spp. is underway by Gerhard Falkner and Ted von Proschwitz." 156669,Napaeus taguluchensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,taguluchensis,,,,,"Henriquez, 1993", 156670,Pagodulina austeniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,austeniana,,,,,"(G. Nevill, 1880)", 156671,Canariella huttereri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,huttereri,,,,,"Ponte-Lira & Groh, 1994", 156672,Orcula conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,conica,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)", 156673,Oligolimax musignani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Oligolimax,musignani,,,,,"(Pirajno, 1842)","According to Manganelli and Giusti (2004) and Gusti et al. (2011), the valid name for the species is Oligolimax musignani (Pirajno, 1842)." 156674,Chilostoma millieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,millieri,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1880)", 156675,Canariella hispidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,hispidula,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)","This species has been treated as comprising five clades which can be distinguished by shell morphology, distribution and habitat (Ibanez et al. 1995). However, currently this form is considered as a separate species (Bank et al. 2002)." 156676,Insulivitrina emmersoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,emmersoni,,,,,"Morales, 1988","The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999)." 156678,Canariella bimbachensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,bimbachensis,,,,,"Ibañez & Alonso, 2002", 156679,Trochoidea liebetruti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Trochoidea,liebetruti,,,,,"(Albers, 1852)", 156680,Discula attrita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,attrita,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 156681,Guerrina christinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Guerrina,christinae,,,,,"Groh, 1993","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156682,Napaeus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156683,Renea veneta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,veneta,,,,,"(Pirona, 1865)", 156684,Obelus moratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Obelus,moratus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)",This genus has been revised by Ibanez et al. 2003. 156685,Brephulopsis bidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Brephulopsis,bidens,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1833)", 156686,Hemicycla saponacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,saponacea,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1861)", 156687,Mastus cretensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,cretensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 156688,Insulivitrina tamaranensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,tamaranensis,,,,,"Valido, 1990","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156689,Josephinella conemenosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,conemenosi,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1885)",Two subspecies are accepted by MolluscaBase (2022); C. c. acarnanica and C. c. conemenosi. 156690,Monacha atacis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,atacis,,,,,"E. Gittenberger & De Winter, 1985", 156693,Monacha ovularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,ovularis,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1855)","It is difficult to distinguish this species from M. crenophila, and from the species of the group M. (Paratheba) hemitricha. Furthermore, there are no constant conchological differences between M. ovularis and M. (Paratheba) ascania  and M. (P.) bithynica and M. (Metatheba) stipulifera (Hausdorf 2000)." 156694,Agardhiella parreyssii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,parreyssii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","The taxonomy of this species is complex and is not fully resolved yet. Fauna Europaea lists four subspecies: A. parreyssii parreyssii L. Pfeiffer, 1848, A. parreyssii armata Clessin, 1887, A. parreyssii caesia Westerlund, 1876 [correctly: caesa] and A. parreyssii moldavica Grossu & Negrea, 1968. According to Subai (in prep.) A. armata and A. caesa are distinct species, and there are other undescribed forms which were previously associated with A. parreyssii.

This assessment is following the Subai (in prep.) concept and only the taxon A. parreyssii sensu Subai is assessed.



" 156695,Mastus abundans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,abundans,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 156696,Metafruticicola pellita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,pellita,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)",The genus is in need of an extensive revision. 156698,Insulivitrina eceroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,eceroensis,,,,,"M.R. Alonso & Ibañez, 1987","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156699,Monilearia persimilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,persimilis,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156700,Suboestophora tarraconensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Suboestophora,tarraconensis,,,,,"(Aguilar-Amat, 1935)", 156701,Monilearia caementitia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,caementitia,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156702,Oestophora lusitanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,lusitanica,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)", 156703,Helix asemnis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,asemnis,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1860", 156704,Spermodea lamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Spermodea,lamellata,,,,,"(Jeffreys, 1830)", 156705,Xerocrassa cobosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,cobosi,,,,,"Ortiz de Zarate Lopez, 1962","Species described by Ortiz de Zárate (1962) that would need more precise anatomic data to characterize it, specially because there are several non-described Xerocrassa species in Andalusia, for example in the province of Granada. However, X. cobosi can be differentiated from all other species by its shell features: it has a small shell, big umbilicus and angulated periphery (Ruiz et al. 2006; Arrébola, Ruiz and Cárcaba, unpublished data)." 156706,Pyrenaearia carascalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,carascalensis,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)","DNA sequence studies show that both, P. carascalensis and P. carascalopsis are different species. Subpopulation from Andorra seems to be a different phylogenetic lineage." 156708,Agardhiella banatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,banatica,,,,,"(Zilch, 1958)", 156709,Ponentina subvirescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Ponentina,subvirescens,,,,,"(Bellamy, 1839)","The taxonomic history of the genus Ponentina is very complex. Some authors consider there are more than one species, mainly Ponentina subvirescens (Bellamy, 1839) and Ponentina ponentina (Morelet, 1845), while others believe there is only one valid species (Ponentina subvirescens) (authors summarized in Puente 1994, Arrebola 1995, Arrébola and García 1999). According to Arrébola (1995),  the discrepancies between the specimens described in the literature as P. subvirescens, P. ponentina or synonyms, especially at the level of the anatomy of the reproductive system, suggest that more than one species exist, as future more specific studies might demonstrate. Particularly, the study of one of the traditionally considered synonyms concludes with the specific validity of Ponentina martigena (Férussac, 1832), considered as Trichia (=Trochulus) martigena by Arrébola and García (1999)." 156710,Monacha euboeica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,euboeica,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1877)", 156711,Madeirovitrina ruivensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Madeirovitrina,ruivensis,,,,,"(A. Gould, 1847)","Seddon (2008) noted that these animals were originally listed as Vitrina when they were described by Lowe and Gould, Waldén (1983) placed the species as Phenacolimax Stabile, 1864, but the main revision by Groh and Hemmen (1986) established the new subgenus Madeirovitrina for the Madeiran species. Work by Alonso et al. (2000) established the genus Plutonia for all the species of Vitrinidae in the Atlantic islands, including subgenera: Guerrina, Madeirovitrina, Insulivitrina and Canarivitrina.

In contrast, Schileyko (2003) elevated Guerrina and Madeirovitrina to full genera leaving only Canarivitrina in Plutonia. This treatment follows Alonso et al. (2000). Mordan and Martins (2001) reviewed the species from Azores and noted that all the Atlantic island species could be considered a monophyletic group based on the position of the penial retractor muscle." 156713,Obelus discogranulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Obelus,discogranulatus,,,,,"M.R. Alonso & Groh, 2003",The genus Obelus was revised by Ibáñez et al. (2003). 156716,Turanena carpathia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Turanena,carpathia,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1885)", 156717,Hemicycla bethencourtiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,bethencourtiana,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156718,Ponentina ponentina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Ponentina,ponentina,,,,,"(Morelet, 1845)","The taxonomic history of the genus Ponentina is very complex. Some authors consider there are more than one species, mainly Ponentina subvirescens (Bellamy, 1839) and Ponentina ponentina (Morelet, 1845), while others believe there is only one valid species (Ponentina subvirescens) (authors summarized in Puente 1994, Arrebola 1995, Arrébola and García 1999). In western France, P. revelata (Michaud, 1831) is also cited, despite the fact that it was considered synonymous of P. subvirescens, which is also mentioned, separately, in northern locations (Brittany). According to Arrébola (1995),  the discrepancies between the specimens described in the literature as P. subvirescens, P. ponentina or synonyms, especially at the level of the anatomy of the reproductive system, suggest that more than one species exist, as future more specific studies might demonstrate. Particularly, the study of one of the traditionally considered synonyms concludes with the specific validity of Ponentina martigena (Férussac, 1832), considered as Trichia (=Trochulus) martigena by Arrébola and García (1999). See also Distribution.


" 156722,Backeljaia camporroblensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Backeljaia,camporroblensis,,,,,"(Siro de Fez, 1944)","

C.camporroblensis has been cited in Catalonia (Province Tarragona) by Altmira (1959) and Bech (1990), and in Andalusia by Alonso (1975). These records are now thought to be erroneous, and this species is not present in these areas of the Iberian peninsula.

" 156723,Chilostoma istriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,istriana,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1889)","Bank (2007) considered Chilostoma istriana to be a valid species, endemic to Croatia, while P. Subai (pers. comm. 2009) claims it to be a synonym of Chilostoma sadleriana, which he also considers to be endemic to the Istrian part of Croatia. MolluscaBase (2022) places the species as Helix (Campylaea) planospira var. istriana Westerlund, 1889, considering it to be taxon inquirendum.

The taxonomic position of Chilostoma sadleriana, C. lefeburiana and C. istriana is uncertain, hence the exact distribution of theses species are unclear.

This assessments follows Bank (2007)." 156724,Brephulopsis cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Brephulopsis,cylindrica,,,,,"(Menke, 1828)", 156725,Monacha messenica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,messenica,,,,,"(Westerlund & Blanc, 1879)", 156726,Napaeus badiosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,badiosus,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156727,Trochoidea elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Trochoidea,elegans,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)", 156728,Mastus sitiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,sitiensis,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 156729,Napaeus rupicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,rupicola,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156730,Cattania haberhaueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,haberhaueri,,,,,"(Sturany, 1897)","The species is mentioned as Faustina (Cattania) trizona haberhaueri by Damjanov & Likharev (1975)." 156731,Thoanteus ferrarii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Thoanteus,ferrarii,,,,,"Hausdorf, 1994", 156732,Pagodulina kaeufeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,kaeufeli,,,,,"Klemm, 1939", 156733,Insulivitrina oromii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,oromii,,,,,"Ibáñez & M.R. Alonso, 1988","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156734,Vitrinobrachium tridentinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Vitrinobrachium,tridentinum,,,,,"Forcart, 1956", 156735,Cattania pelia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,pelia,,,,,"(P. Hesse, 1912)","P. Subai (pers. comm. 2010) considered that the subgenus Ariantopsis should be placed as an independent genus." 156736,Obelus moderatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Obelus,moderatus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1857)",The genus Obelus was revised by Ibáñez et al. (2003). 156737,Xerosecta promissa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,promissa,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1893)","Locus Typicus: Sevilla. According to Gittenberger (1993), the similar Xerosecta species living in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula (X. cespitum, X. promissa, X. reboudiana and X. adolfi) can be identified by some shell features. Puente (1994) and Arrébola (1995) indicated that sometimes reproductive system studies are required for an unambiguous identification." 156738,Chilostoma adelozona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,adelozona,,,,,"(Strobel, 1857)","This species has two subspecies: C. adelozona adelozona and C. adelozona rhaeticum." 156739,Metafruticicola naxiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,naxiana,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)","The genus Metafruticicola needs to be revised, especially in the Greek area. According to Kobelt (1876), the species is considered a synonym of Metafruticicola lecta." 156740,Pyrenaearia cantabrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,cantabrica,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1873)","DNA phylogenetic studies show that P. oberthuery (Ancey 1884), P. poncebensis Ortiz de Zárate 1956 and P. schaufussi (Kobelt 1876) are junior synonyms. P. covadongae Ortiz de Zárate 1956 is also considered synonym of this species (Elejalde et al. 2009)." 156741,Xerocrassa ebusitana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,ebusitana,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1869)","The taxonomical status of this species requires clarification. The specific placement of this polytypical species has suffered diverse modifications following the works of Schröder (1978), Puente (1994) and Pons and Palmer (1996).

Puente (1994) considers the following subspecies of X. ebusitana (15):

  • X. e. ebusitana is the form most widely distributed, occupying the southern half of Ibiza, and Conillera, Formentera, Espardell and Espalmador.
  • X. e. ortizi ia found in the northern part of Ibiza as well as in the islet Tagomago
  • X. e. hortae only live in the approximately 200 m2 del Illot de S’Hort
  • X. e. canae live in the Illa d’es Canar
  • X. e. cisternasi in Illa Grossa de Sta. Eulària
  • X. e. redonae in the Illa Redona de Sta. Eulària
  • In the southern islands of Ibiza live X. e. vedrae (Vedrá) and X. e. vedranellensis (Vedranell)
  • In the west of Ibiza, in the islands of Ses Bledes live X. e. scopulicola (Na Gorra, Bleda Na Bosc y Bleda Plana), X. e. conjugens (Escull Vermell), X. e. calasaladae en S’Illeta, in front of Cala Saladaand X. e. margaritae in Ses Margalides, island in front of Santa Agnès
  • The northern islands of Ibiza are home to X. e. muradae (Illa Murada), X. e. calderensis (Illa d’en Calders)and X. e. mesquidae (Illot de Sa Mesquida).

Recently Beckmann (2007) has segregated X. cisternasi from X. ebusitana of Ibiza, assigning to the first the current subspecies (14) and the four fossil subspecies (Sacchi 1954, Paul 1984) to the second.




" 156742,Chondrula werneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,werneri,,,,,"(Sturany, 1902)","Schütt (2001: 108) allocates this species in the genus Ljudmilena followed by Kebapci (2007). However, this allocation has been hypothetical and needs corroboration by either anatomical or DNA-based research." 156743,Pagodulina epirotes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,epirotes,,,,,"Klemm, 1939", 156747,Schileykiella parlatoris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Schileykiella,parlatoris,,,,,"(Bivona, 1839)", 156748,Xerocrassa mesostena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,mesostena,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1879)", 156749,Semilimax pyrenaicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Semilimax,pyrenaicus,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)", 156752,Xeromunda candiota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeromunda,candiota,,,,,"(Mousson, 1854)","Xeromunda candiota is characterized by a conical-globular shell, with a very narrow umbilicus and a very short flagellum. It differs from the conchologically similar Xeromunda durieui from North Africa and Puglia in the larger dart sac, the comparatively smaller basal portion of the dart apparatus, and the shorter flagellum (see Giusti & Manganelli 1989) (Hausdorf & Sauer 2009)." 156754,Walklea rossmaessleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ODONTOCYCLADIDAE,Walklea,rossmaessleri,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)",


156755,Abida pyrenaearia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,pyrenaearia,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)","Abida vergniesiana was conisidered to be a subspecies of Abida pyrenaearia by Fauna Europeae (Bank et al. 2006). However, here, we follow Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) who consider them to be distinct species." 156756,Granaria braunii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Granaria,braunii,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)","Two subspecies are considered within G. braunii, differentiated on the basis of shells shape and sculpture: G. b. braunii (Rossmässler 1842), and G. b. marcusi Gittenberger & Ripken 1993." 156757,Canariella subhispidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,subhispidula,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","

This species has been treated as a variation of Canariella hispidula by Ibanez et al. (1995). However, currently this form is considered as a separate species (Bank et al. 2002).

" 156758,Candidula syrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Candidula,syrensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 156759,Platyla perpusilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,perpusilla,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1880)", 156760,Helix lutescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,lutescens,,,,,"Rossmässler, 1837", 156761,Abida bigerrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,bigerrensis,,,,,"(Moquin-Tandon, 1856)", 156762,Orcula restituta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,restituta,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1887)","

Some authors treat this species as the subspecies of Orcula gularis (Klemm 1983).


" 156763,Platyla wilhelmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,wilhelmi,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1910)",


156764,Canarivitrina dianae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Canarivitrina,dianae,,,,,"(Valido & M.R. Alonso, 2000)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands have been treated by Valido et al. (1999). The species now placed in genus Canarivitrina Valido & M.R. Alonso, 2000 by MolluscaBase (2022).

" 156765,Xeromunda thessalica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeromunda,thessalica,,,,,"Hausdorf, 1990", 156766,Hemicycla efferata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,efferata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156767,Delphinatia glaciale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Delphinatia,glaciale,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)", 156768,Ganula gadirana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ganula,gadirana,,,,,"Muñoz, Almodovar & Arrebola, 1999","This species was formerly recorded in Andalusia as Ganula lanuginosa (Boissy, 1835) due to the great shell similarity and lack of anatomical studies (Muñoz et al. 1999)." 156769,Platyla jankowskiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,jankowskiana,,,,,"(Jackiewicz, 1979)", 156770,Mastus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,olivaceus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 156772,Truncatellina uniarmata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,uniarmata,,,,,"(Küster, 1850)",The taxonomic identity of this species is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022). 156774,Hemicycla flavistoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,flavistoma,,,,,"Ibáñez & Alonso, 1991", 156776,Mastus amenazada,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,amenazada,,,,,"Welter-Schultes, 1999", 156779,Thiessea polyhymnia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,polyhymnia,,,,,"(Subai, 1996)", 156781,Napaeus bertheloti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,bertheloti,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)","Napaeus subsimplex (Wollaston, 1878) from El Hierro has usually been considered as a synonym of Napaeus bertheloti. However, in the latest version of Fauna Europaea, it was listed as a separate species without any published reasoning." 156782,Chondrina spelta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,spelta,,,,,"(H. Beck, 1837)","According to Fauna Europaea and the latest revision (Nordsieck 1970) this species is comprised of the following subspecies: Chondina spelta spelta H. Beck 1837 (synonyms: C. spelta minor Rossmassler, 1837, C. spelta muehlfeldti Kuster, 1848, C. spelta nana Potiez & Michaud, 1838 and C. spelta obscura Kuster, 1843), C. spelta anodon H. Nordsieck, 1970, C. spelta bosnica H. Nordsieck, 1970, C. spelta croatica H. Nordsieck, 1970, C. spelta fuchsi H. Nordsieck, 1970, C. spelta heterodon H. Nordsieck, 1970, C. spelta obsoleta Klemm, 1962, C. spelta serbica H. Nordsieck, 1970, C. spelta sutjeskae H. Nordsieck, 1970 and spelta ventilatoris Westerlund, 1875 (synonym: C. spelta major Kuster, 1843)." 156783,Monacha ruffoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,ruffoi,,,,,"Giusti, 1973","A. Hallgass (pers. com. 2011)has recently detected Helix pantanellii De Stefani, 1879 at its type locality Monte Fionchi (less than 20 km distant from the Monti Reatini) and found it similar to Monacha ruffoi in anatomical characters, but different in color and form of aperture. This opens the possibility that M. ruffoi might be a local summit form of M. pantanellii." 156784,Candidula castriota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Candidula,castriota,,,,,"Soós, 1924", 156786,Xerocrassa subrogata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,subrogata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)","According to Falkner (1995), all populations cited as Trochoidea murcica have to be summarised under the older name Xerocrassa subrogata (L. Pfeiffer 1853).
" 156787,Cantareus apertus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cantareus,apertus,,,,,"(Born, 1778)", 156788,Acicula corcyrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,corcyrensis,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)", 156789,Monilearia phalerata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,phalerata,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156790,Napaeus tremulans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,tremulans,,,,,"(Mousson, 1858)","Napaeus tremulans has been synonymised with N. pruninus but Backhuys (1975) has shown that the two species differ anatomically." 156791,Actinella arridens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,arridens,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Originally described as Helix (Helicodon) arridens R.T. Lowe, 1831." 156792,Metafruticicola noverca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,noverca,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)",The genus is in need of an extensive revision. 156793,Vidovicia coerulans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Vidovicia,coerulans,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 156794,Insulivitrina lamarckii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,lamarckii,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156796,Tyrrheniberus ridens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tyrrheniberus,ridens,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1884)", 156797,Rhabdoena cosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Rhabdoena,cosensis,,,,,"(Reeve, 1849)", 156798,Xerocrassa geyeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,geyeri,,,,,"(Soos, 1926)","This is one of the least studied European Xerocrassa species. As it is often confused with conchologically similar species, the available literature is almost impossible to interpret. A completely new approach is needed to clearly define this species and clarify its correct distribution area." 156799,Xerocrassa claudia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,claudia,,,,,"Hausdorf & Welter-Schultes, 1998", 156800,Napaeus delibutus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,delibutus,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)","Morelet and Drouët’s (1857) original description does not mention type locality, so “The Azores” is currently accepted. However, Morelet (1860) states that this species is found on Terceira and Faial, and possibly on São Miguel; the provenance of the type material confirms it, thus enabling a possible restriction of the type locality to the latter island." 156801,Craspedopoma neritoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CRASPEDOPOMATIDAE,Craspedopoma,neritoides,,,,,"R.T. Lowe, 1860","Wollaston (1878) considered the two forms described by Lowe (1860) as synonyms of the widespread species C. mucronatum, as he felt the forms overlapped with this species. He did note that the subfossil forms from Porto Santo were smaller and possibly were the form neritoides. Recently, the taxa were reviewed by Anton de Winter (pers. comm. 2005) who considered C. neritoides to be a separate species." 156802,Helicella valdeona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,valdeona,,,,,"E. Gittenberger & Manga, 1977","Prieto (1986) and Puente (1994) considered this a synonym of Helicella itala (Linnaeus 1758). Nevertheless, Gittenberger and Carr (2002) after the finding of a second population consider that H. valdeona is a valid species, differring from H. itala by conchological and anatomical characters." 156803,Orculella sirianocoriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,sirianocoriensis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1854)", 156804,Chondrina arigonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,arigonis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1859)", 156805,Backeljaia gigaxii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Backeljaia,gigaxii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1847)", 156807,Trochulus alpicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,alpicola,,,,,"(Eder, 1921)","A taxonomic review of the genus Trochulus spp. is underway by Gerhard Falkner and Ted von Proschwitz." 156808,Napaeus inflatiusculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,inflatiusculus,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 156809,Helicomela punctulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicomela,punctulata,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1824)","Seddon (2008) and Cameron et al. (2006) considered that Helicomela punctulata and Helicomela solidus (now listed as Helicomela setulosa) were probably just ecologically different subpopulations of the same species. However, Bank et al. (2002) listed them as separate species, a view maintained by MolluscaBase (2022).

Two subspecies are recognised (MolluscaBase 2022);
  • Helicomela punctulata ssp. avellana (R.T. Lowe, 1855).
  • Helicomela punctulata ssp. punctulata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1924).
" 156810,Candidula unifasciata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Candidula,unifasciata,,,,,"(Poiret, 1801)", 156811,Mastus etuberculatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,etuberculatus,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1876)","

The records of Mastus pupa and M. etuberculatus from various areas have to be checked for consistency. 

" 156813,Xerocrassa cardonae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,cardonae,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1867)","Gasull (1964) and other authors considered X. cardonae as a junior synonym of X. nyeli. However, Quintana and Vilella (2001) consider it is a valid species. Molecular studies are necessary to confirm this taxonomic situation." 156815,Xerocrassa turolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,turolensis,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zarate Lopez, 1963)", 156817,Montserratina becasis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Montserratina,becasis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1868)", 156818,Chilostoma comythophora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,comythophora,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1857)", 156820,Acicula benoiti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,benoiti,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1864)","This species is considered a taxon separate from Acicula lallemanti (Bourguignat, 1864) (Boeters et al. 1989)." 156822,Xerocrassa cisternasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,cisternasi,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1875)",Molecular studies are needed to compare the different subpopulations (on the separate islands) and to ensure that these are all the same species. 156823,Abida occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,occidentalis,,,,,"(Fagot, 1888)", 156824,Xerocrassa carinatoglobosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,carinatoglobosa,,,,,"(F. Haas, 1934)","According to Gittenberger (1991), the status of Helicella (Jacosta) syrensis carinatoglobosa (Haas 1934) remains unclear. Gittenberger (1991) supports that 'this is most probably a separate species, restricted to a small area in the southern part of the [Cyprus] island. Its generic position is unclear'. Fauna Europaea is classifying the taxon under Trochoidea (Trochoidea) carinatoglobosa (F. Haas 1934)." 156826,Hygromia cinctella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Hygromia,cinctella,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 156827,Candidula lernaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Candidula,lernaea,,,,,"Hausdorf, 1991", 156828,Zarateana arganica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Zarateana,arganica,,,,,"(Servain, 1880)", 156829,Abida polyodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,polyodon,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 156830,Pagodulina klemmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,klemmi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1978",
 156832,Madeirovitrina media,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Madeirovitrina,media,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1855)","Seddon (2008) noted that these animals were originally listed as Vitrina when they were described by Lowe and Gould, Waldén (1983) placed the species as Phenacolimax Stabile, 1864, but the main revision by Groh and Hemmen (1986) established the new subgenus Madeirovitrina for the Madeiran species. Work by Alonso et al. (2000) established the genus Plutonia for all the species of Vitrinidae in the Atlantic islands, including subgenera: Guerrina, Madeirovitrina, Insulivitrina and Canarivitrina.

In contrast, Schileyko (2003) elevated Guerrina and Madeirovitrina to full genera leaving only Canarivitrina in Plutonia. Mordan and Martins (2001) reviewed the species from Azores and noted that all the Atlantic island species could be considered a monophyletic group based on the position of the penial retractor muscle.

This species has been placed in various genera: Groh and Hemmen (1986) tentatively allocated this species to the genus Eucobresia rather than with the other Madeirovitrina species. Seddon (2008) and Bank et al. (2002) placed with other Madeirovitrina species, which is now followed by MolluscaBase (2022), and we follow that approach here." 156833,Canariella ronceroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,ronceroi,,,,,"Ponte-Lira, 2002", 156834,Josephinella eliaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,eliaca,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1893)", 156835,Liburnica kleciachi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,kleciachi,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1871)", 156836,Granaria stabilei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Granaria,stabilei,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1865)","There are 2 subspecies: Granaria stabilei stabilei and G. stabilei anceyi." 156837,Xerocrassa barceloi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,barceloi,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1878)", 156838,Nienhuisiella antonellae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Nienhuisiella,antonellae,,,,,"Giusti & Manganelli, 1987", 156839,Platyla curtii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,curtii,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1912)",



156840,Arianta xatartii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Arianta,xatartii,,,,,"(Farines, 1834)","Gittenberger (2004) treated Arianta xatartii as a subspecies of Arianta arbustorum. But Bank et al. (2006) still consider it as a valid species. Gittenberger first (2001) considered it as a species, later as a subspecies (2004), but after having re-analyzed the data he now (2007) again considers it a species (personal communication to Ruud Bank, not published). The main reasoning is because of the the geological history." 156841,Disculella compar,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Disculella,compar,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 156842,Mastus hemmeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,hemmeni,,,,,"Maassen, 1995",According to Parmakelis et al. (2005) the populations of M. hemmeni are paraphyletic and further studies are required for resolving the taxonomical position of the species. 156843,Fruticicola fruticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Fruticicola,fruticum,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 156844,Xeromunda vulgarissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeromunda,vulgarissima,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)", 156845,Metafruticicola berytensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,berytensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)",The genus is in need of an extensive revision. 156846,Helicodonta wilhelminae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Helicodonta,wilhelminae,,,,,"Maassen, 1991", 156847,Hemicycla paeteliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,paeteliana,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1859)", 156848,Argna biplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Argna,biplicata,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)","This is a polytypic species with 3 subspecies: Argna biplicata biplicata, Argna biplicata excessiva (Gredler, 1856) and Argna biplicata ulterior Klemm, 1962." 156850,Chondrula quinquedentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,quinquedentata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","Fauna Europaea, as well as Alzona (1971), lists two subspecies: C. quinquedentata quinquedentata (Rossmassler, 1837) and C. quinquedentata pelagosana (Sturany, 1901). In the faunistical literature some authors treat this as a distinct taxon, others consider it as a synonym. Faunistic records should be treated with reservation.
" 156851,Hemicycla bidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,bidentalis,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)","This is a polytypic species: Hemicycla b. bidentalis, and Hemicycla b. inaccessibilis Groh, 1988. The nominal subspecies is highly polymorphic, the morphs inhabit very differing habitats types. It is a task for the future to assess whether these morphs will be separated into species in their own rights. However, this assessment follows the current view as published by Ibanez et al. (1988)." 156852,Orcula wagneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,wagneri,,,,,"Sturany, 1914","The species has two subspecies, the nominate subspecies is distributed in Albania and in Greece, whereas the subspecies Orcula wagneri ljubotinensis Sturany 1914 is found in the Shar Planina region (Ljubotin) in the boarder region of Macedonia (FYROM) and Kosovo." 156854,Lindholmiola reischuetzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,reischuetzi,,,,,"Falkner, 1995", 156855,Delphinatia fontenillii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Delphinatia,fontenillii,,,,,"(Michaud, 1829)","This species comprises two subspecies: Ch. fontenillii fontenillii (strictly endemic to France) and Ch. f. alpinum." 156856,Xerotricha adoptata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,adoptata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","This species was recorded as the ""lancerottensis"" form from La Gomera by authors (Groh, pers. comm., 2011)." 156857,Vitrinobrachium baccettii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Vitrinobrachium,baccettii,,,,,"Giusti & Mazzini, 1971","The specific distinctness has recently been corroborated by molecular genetics studies (Giusti et al. 2011)." 156858,Caseolus innominatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,innominatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1825)","Bank et al. (2002) listed this species as Helix innominata Gray, 1825, Ann. Phil., 15 [= NS., 9] (6): 412, on the basis that this name has priority over Caseolus compactus (Lowe, 1831). Gray refers to G.B. Sowerby I, 1824, Zool. J., 1 (1): 58, pl. 3 fig. 8 ""Another minute species which we have represented at f. 8 is common at Porto Santo"". Seddon (2008) invoked articles 23.9.1.1 and 23.1.9.2 of ICZN to preserve the established usage of Caseolus compactus (Lowe, 1831) since 1848, suggesting that all papers citing Caselous compactus and its subspecies use this name, and none have used Helix innominata.

Mandahl-Barth (1943) listed three subspecies whereas Waldén (1983) listed five, with additional taxa from Porto Santo. Cameron et al. (2006) showed some are conspecific within the subfossil deposits on Porto Santo. Further research may show that the geographically separate subspecies should be treated as a separate species.

MolluscaBase (2022) currently maintains two subspecies;
- Caseolus innominatus ssp. compactus (R.T. Lowe, 1831), and
- Caseolus innominatus ssp. innominatus (Gray, 1825)." 156859,Napaeus esbeltus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,esbeltus,,,,,"Ibañez & Alonso, 1995", 156860,Caseolus calvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,calvus,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 156861,Orcula spoliata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,spoliata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","Gittenberger (1978) separated Orcula spoliata and O. austriaca as two distinct species." 156862,Monacha haussknechti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,haussknechti,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1886)","According to Sattmann & Reischütz (1994), there are several differences between Monacha haussknechti and M. emigrata. For this reason, M. haussknechti is treated as a separate species, and further investigation is urgently required to clarify its taxonomic status." 156863,Xerosecta terverii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,terverii,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)", 156865,Helicigona lapicida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helicigona,lapicida,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156866,Monilearia tumulorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,tumulorum,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156867,Ashfordia granulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ashfordia,granulata,,,,,"(Alder, 1830)", 156868,Discula polymorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,polymorpha,,,,,"R.T. Lowe, 1831",Seven subspecies have been described to date (MolluscaBase 2020). 156869,Trochoidea caroni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Trochoidea,caroni,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1832)","The correct year of publication is1832 (see Sherborn 1924, Index Animalium, Sect. 2, Part 5: p. 1110)." 156870,Solatopupa pallida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Solatopupa,pallida,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)", 156873,Helix nucula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,nucula,,,,,"Mousson, 1854","This species was originally assessed as Helix nucula L. Pfeiffer, 1859, however that name is a primary homonym of Helix nucula Mousson, 1854.

According to E. Neubert (in prep. 2010), the taxonomy of this species is very complex. This species has been confused by authors with Helix figulina. Numerous synonyms are listed for this species by MolluscaBase (2022)." 156874,Helix delpretiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,delpretiana,,,,,"Paulucci, 1878","Until recently, this taxon has been considered to be a subspecies or even a synonym of Helix ligata. For this reason, this taxon was not target to any specific research." 156876,Josephinella hemonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,hemonica,,,,,"(Thiesse, 1884)", 156877,Columella columella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Columella,columella,,,,,"(G. von Martens, 1830)","This species was described in 1830 from a loess deposit in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. There is no reliable actual record for this species in Baden-Württemberg." 156879,Thiessea cyclolabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,cyclolabris,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1840)","Authorship of this species was previously assigned to Deshayes (1839), however Deshayes (1840) is now considered the Author (MolluscaBase 2020)." 156880,Urticicola glabellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Urticicola,glabellus,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","There is one distinct subspecies: Urticicola glabellus telonensis, endemic from the countryside of Toulon." 156882,Mastus athensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,athensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1847)","The possible synonymy with Mastus athensis jaczewski, Eubrephulus jaczewskii and Chondrula jaczewskii needs to be checked (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2010). For this assessment, all the above taxa have been considered (Triantis pers. comm. 2011)." 156883,Agardhiella stenostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,stenostoma,,,,,"(Flach, 1890)", 156885,Trochulus phorochaetia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,phorochaetia,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1864)", 156886,Lindholmiola lens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,lens,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)", 156888,Renea elegantissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,elegantissima,,,,,"(Pini, 1886)", 156889,Josephinella krueperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,krueperi,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1891)", 156891,Monilearia loweana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,loweana,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 156892,Chondrina altimirai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,altimirai,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1973", 156893,Elbasania occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Elbasania,occidentalis,,,,,"Subai, 1999", 156894,Platyla elisabethae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,elisabethae,,,,,"(L.Pintér & Szigethy, 1973)", 156895,Turanena katerinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Turanena,katerinae,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1996", 156896,Cepaea nemoralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cepaea,nemoralis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156897,Thiessea bacchica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,bacchica,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1889)", 156899,Petasina unidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Petasina,unidentata,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","This is a polytypic species that is currently subdivided in 6 subspecies:

  • Petasina unidentata unidentata (Draparnaud, 1805) – Distribution: Poland, Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania.
  • Petasina unidentata alpestris (Clessin, 1878) – Distribution: Germany, Austria
  • Petasina unidentata bohemica (Ložek, 1948) – Distribution: Czech Republic
  • Petasina unidentata carpatica (Poliński, 1929) – Distribution: Slovakia
  • Petasina unidentata norica (Poliński, 1929) – Distribution: Germany, Austria
  • Petasina unidentata subalpestris (Poliński, 1929) – Distribution: Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy.
" 156900,Napaeus bechi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,bechi,,,,,"Alonso & Ibañez, 1993", 156901,Canariella planaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,planaria,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)", 156902,Canariella plutonia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,plutonia,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1861)", 156904,Hemicycla incisogranulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,incisogranulata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156905,Abida attenuata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,attenuata,,,,,"(Fagot, 1886)", 156906,Codringtonia intusplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Codringtonia,intusplicata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1881)", 156907,Truncatellina lussinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,lussinensis,,,,,"Štamol, 1995",F. Welter-Schultes question the validity of this species. 156908,Helicella ordunensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,ordunensis,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1883)", 156909,Metafruticicola nicosiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,nicosiana,,,,,"(Mousson, 1854)",The genus is in need of an extensive revision. 156912,Pagodulina pagodula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,pagodula,,,,,"(Des Moulins, 1830)","This species has three recognised subspecies: Pagodulina pagodula pagodula, P. pagodula principalis Klemm, 1939, and P. pagodula altilis Klemm, 1939." 156913,Monacha orsini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,orsini,,,,,"(Porro, 1841)","Manganelli et al. (1995) considered the species to be of uncertain taxonomic status.

The taxonomic authority of this species is frequently given, incorrectly, as A. Villa & J.B. Villa (R. Bank pers. comm. March 2022)." 156914,Chondrina lusitanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,lusitanica,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)", 156915,Helicotricha carusoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Helicotricha,carusoi,,,,,"Giusti, Manganelli & Crisci, 1992", 156916,Napaeus obesatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,obesatus,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156918,Steenbergia paupercula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Steenbergia,paupercula,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Schileyko (2005) noted that the generic name Heterostoma was preoccupied by a Trematode name, and hence replaced the generic name with Mandahl-Barth’s Steenbergia for the other two taxa that are currently regarded as conspecific.

Bank et al. (2002) retain three taxa, Steenbergia pauperculum, S. desertae, and S. duplex following the belief that the conchological forms identified are distinct species. In contrast, Cook and Lace (1993) suggest that the variability in conchological forms relates to incomplete speciation. There have been further investigations into the anatomical and genetic variability of these taxa on Porto Santo. Lace (1992) showed that there are euphallic (fully hermaphrodite) populations and hemiphallic (lacking male distal genitalia) populations. Neither Cook nor Lace followed Mandahl-Barth (1950) in considering Steenbergia duplex and Steenbergia desertae as distinct species, instead placing the shell forms as a single species (Cameron et al. 1999).

Further research by Craze and Lace (2000) show that there are distinct associations with habitats, they suggest that the toothed and untoothed populations represent sandy and rocky populations as opposed to those from more vegetated sites. There are other conchological differences in the taxa, notably the granular surface sculpture, but it is possible that further work may resolve this taxonomic issue." 156919,Napaeus encaustus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,encaustus,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 156920,Jaminia loewii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Jaminia,loewii,,,,,"(Philippi, 1844)", 156923,Edentiella leucozona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Edentiella,leucozona,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)","Three subspecies are recognised (MolluscaBase 2022):

  • Edentiella leucozona heteromorpha (Westerlund, 1876)
  • Edentiella leucozona leucozona (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
  • Edentiella leucozona ovirensis (Rossmässler, 1838).
" 156924,Neocrassa neocrassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Neocrassa,neocrassa,,,,,"(Zilch, 1952)", 156925,Spermodea monas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Spermodea,monas,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)", 156926,Renea spectabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,spectabilis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)",


156927,Semilimacella cephalonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Semilimacella,cephalonica,,,,,"(Rähle, 1980)", 156928,Mastus violacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,violacea,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 156930,Canariella berthelotii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,berthelotii,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1836)","

This species has been treated as a variation of Canariella hispidula by Ibanez et al. (1995). However, currently this form is considered as a separate species (Bank et al. 2002).

" 156931,Vertigo heldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,heldi,,,,,"(Clessin, 1877)", 156932,Jaminia thiesseanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Jaminia,thiesseanus,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1879)", 156933,Acicula douctouyrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,douctouyrensis,,,,,"(Bertrand, 2004)","This species was described in the genus Renea, but was recently correctly replaced in the genus Acicula (Gittenberger 2004). The correct name is thus Acicula douctouyrensis.
" 156934,Hemicycla psathyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,psathyra,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1861)","There are two sub-species: Hemicycla psathyra psathyra and H. psathyra bituminosa (J. Mabille, 1883)." 156935,Canariella squamata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,squamata,,,,,"Alonso, Ibañez & Ponte-Lira, 2003", 156936,Marmorana scabriuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,scabriuscula,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1832)","Fauna Europea (Bank 2011) gives the year of publication as 1830, but the correct date is 1832 (see Sherborn 1930, Index Animalium, Sect. 2, Part 23: p. 5771). This is a polytypical species; in addition to the nominotypical subspecies, further 13 subspecies are listed as valid in Fauna Europaea (Bank 2011):
M. s. scabriuscula (Deshayes, 1832)
M. s. buelowi (Maltzan, 1886) [bulowi is an error]
M. s. delpretei (Monterosato, 1892)
M. s. demissa (Benoit, 1859) [demissae is an error; the year of publication should be corrected to 1859]
M. s. eulasia (Westerlund, 1889)
M. s. explanata (Benoit, 1859) [the year of publication should be corrected to 1859]
M. s. latebrosa (Monterosato, 1892)
M. s. nadorrica (Westerlund, 1889)
M. s. paciniana (Philippi, 1836)
M. s. paulucciana (Monterosato, 1892)
M. s. segestana (Philippi, 1836)
M. s. selinuntina (Philippi, 1836)
M. s. tayae (Monterosato, 1892)
M. s. vieta (Rossmässler, 1836)
The Sicilian representatives of Marmorana are traditionally attributed to the subgenus Murella L. Pfeiffer, 1877. Recently, after a molecular genetic study, Fiorentino et al. (2008) pleaded for the elevation of Murella to the rank of a full genus." 156937,Xerolenta spiruloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerolenta,spiruloides,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1916)", 156938,Allognathus pyrenaicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Allognathus,pyrenaicus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","As it has been indicated for Allognathus hispanicus, it is necessary to conduct a revision of the entire complex Iberellus Hesse, 1908, considered as a subgenus of Allognathus by several authors (Vilella et al. 2003, Beckmann (2007) or as an independent genus by some others (Jaeckel 1952, Gasull 1963, Puente 1994, Quintana 2007). Some authors consider that Iberellus contains only one species with or without subspecies within it, while some others consider several species (see Puente 1994 and Beckman 2007 for a review)." 156940,Truncatellina opisthodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,opisthodon,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1879)", 156941,Monilearia woodwardia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,woodwardia,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156943,Mastus sphakiota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,sphakiota,,,,,"Maassen, 1995",Closely related to M. hemmeni in molecular analyses (Parmakelis et al. 2005). 156944,Xerotricha lancerottensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,lancerottensis,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 156946,Xerotricha madritensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,madritensis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1868)","Some authors consider this species must be included in the genus Helicella instead of Xerotricha (Gittenberger 1993, Puente 1994, Martínez-Ortí 1999, Martínez-Ortí and Gittenberger 2004, Martínez-Ortí and Uribe 2008)." 156947,Chondrula microtragus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,microtragus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","According to Damjanov & Likharev (1975) and Schütt (2001) Chondrula tricuspidata (Küster 1841) is a subspecies of Ch. microtragus, whereas www.faunaeur.org distinguished them on species level. Chondrula tricuspidata (Küster 1843) lives mainly in the Asian part of Turkey." 156948,Candidula rhabdotoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Candidula,rhabdotoides,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)",


156950,Monacha parumcincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,parumcincta,,,,,"(Menke, 1828)", 156953,Monacha venusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,venusta,,,,,"L. Pinter, 1968", 156955,Craspedopoma monizianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CRASPEDOPOMATIDAE,Craspedopoma,monizianum,,,,,"R.T. Lowe, 1860", 156956,Platyla subdiaphana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,subdiaphana,,,,,"(Bivona, 1839)", 156957,Xerocrassa roblesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,roblesi,,,,,"(Martinez-Orti, 2000)", 156958,Monacha consona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,consona,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","This species was considered as a synonym of M. gregaria by Giusti (1973). In the Italian checklist (Manganelli et al. 1995), the species is again recognised as valid, but with the remark that it needs urgently a systematic study." 156960,Xerotricha pavida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,pavida,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 156961,Canariella tillieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,tillieri,,,,,"Alonso, Ibañez & Ponte-Lira, 2003", 156962,Hemicycla perraudierei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,perraudierei,,,,,"(Grasset, 1857)", 156963,Helicodonta angigyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Helicodonta,angigyra,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1834)", 156967,Xerosecta contermina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,contermina,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","The monotypic subgenus Polloneriella (Alzona & Alzona Bisacchi, 1940) was elevated to the rank of a full genus by Giusti and Manganelli (1998), however Polloneriella was later reduced to a subgenus of Xerosecta by Razkin (2015).

The species was originally erroneously placed in genus Polloneria (rather than Polloneriella) when first assessed." 156970,Platyla procax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,procax,,,,,"Boeters, E. Gittenberger & Subai, 1989", 156971,Vertigo parcedentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,parcedentata,,,,,"(A. Braun, 1847)", 156973,Lindholmiola barbata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,barbata,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)", 156975,Orculella templorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,templorum,,,,,"(Benoit, 1862)","This is a polytypic species, only the nominotypical subspecies, O. t. templorum, occurs in Europe." 156976,Madeirovitrina behnii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Madeirovitrina,behnii,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)","Seddon (2008) noted that these animals were originally placed as Vitrina when they were described by Lowe and Gould, Waldén (1983) placed the species as Phenacolimax Stabile, 1864, but the main revision by Groh and Hemmen (1986) established the new subgenus Madeirovitrina for the Madeiran species. Work by Alonso et al. (2000) established the genus Plutonia for all the species of Vitrinidae in the Atlantic islands, including subgenera: Guerrina, Madeirovitrina, Insulivitrina and Canarivitrina. Mordan and Martins (2001) reviewed the species from the Azores and noted that all the Atlantic island species could be considered a monophyletic group based on the position of the penial retractor muscle.

In contrast, Schileyko (2003) elevated Guerrina and Madeirovitrina to full genera leaving only Canarivitrina in Plutonia. This treatment has been adopted by MolluscaBase (2022), which we follow here." 156977,Chondrina kobelti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,kobelti,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1887)", 156978,Xerocrassa amphiconus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,amphiconus,,,,,"(Maltzan, 1883)","Xerocrassa amphiconus and X. siderensis populate the same region in eastern Crete, but are usually not syntopic. The two species are quite similar in both their genitalia and shell characteristics (Hausdorf & Sauer 2009)." 156980,Trochulus sericeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,sericeus,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","This species was classified as a synonym of T. hispidus by Proćków (2009: 128). Bank (2013) maintains the species within Trochulus." 156981,Insulivitrina nogalesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,nogalesi,,,,,"M.R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 1990","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 156982,Portugala inchoata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Portugala,inchoata,,,,,"(Morelet, 1845)","Type locality: ""Tout le Portugal""." 156983,Mastus butoti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,butoti,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 156984,Menkia rolani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Menkia,rolani,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1991", 156986,Napaeus exilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,exilis,,,,,"Henriquez, 1995", 156987,Leptaxis minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,minor,,,,,"Backhuys, 1975","Morelet (1860) extended the range of L. azorica to Santa Maria as variety γ minor, which Backhuys (1975) elevated to subspecific level. Van Riel et al. (2005), using molecular data, found evidence for specific separation of the populations from Santa Maria. Backhuys (1975) states the type locality as “Azores, Santa Maria, Ribeira Almagreira”; however, just after that statement, the author mentions the two specimens from Pico Alto as “paratypes”. Ribeiro, Almagreira is at the footsteps of Pico Alto; for that reason, although confusing, this locality imprecision is not worth correcting.

The taxonomic identity of this species, as Leptaxis (Leptaxis) minor Backhuys, 1975, is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022)." 156988,Metafruticicola andria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,andria,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1889)",This genus is in need of an extensive revision. 156989,Abida gittenbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,gittenbergeri,,,,,"Bössneck, 2000", 156990,Rupestrella jaeckeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Rupestrella,jaeckeli,,,,,"Beckmann, 2002", 156991,Columella microspora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Columella,microspora,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)","Columella microspora and Columella aspera have been recorded from the Azores and, although most old records refer only to the former name, there is no certainty that they are referring to the same taxon (Backhuys 1975). The group is currently under review.
" 156992,Cattania petrovici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,petrovici,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","Originally described as Campylaea maranajensis petrovici A.J. Wagner, 1914. Now, it is considered as a distinct species." 156995,Chondrina maginensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,maginensis,,,,,"Arrebola & Gomez, 1998","This species was described by Arrébola and Gómez (1998) as belonging to the genus Chondrina using shell and anatomic features. Morphological and genetic studies confirm that this species belongs to this genus (Kokshoorn and Gittenberger 2010) and not to the genus Rupestrella as indicated by other authors." 156997,Monachoides fallax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monachoides,fallax,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)", 156998,Liburnica albanograeca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,albanograeca,,,,,"(Subai, 1995)", 156999,Tyrrheniberus sardonius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tyrrheniberus,sardonius,,,,,"(E. von Martens, 1884)","Fauna Europaea lists this taxon as a separate species. According to Fiorentino et al. (2010), it is a junger synonym of T. villicus. Earlier K. L. Pfeiffer (1946) proposed that T. sardonius should be treated as a subspecies of T. villicus. According to the assessors of this species, this view should be retained. However, as the taxon is listed as a species in its own rights in Fauna Europea, it is here assessed as such." 157062,Acicula szigethyannae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,szigethyannae,,,,,"Subai, 1977", 157000,Liburnica setigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,setigera,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","Subai (2002) placed the species in genus Liburnica with two distinct subspecies: Chilostoma setigera setigera and Chilostoma setigera globulosa Brusina, 1869." 157063,Helicella juglans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,juglans,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1991","According to Gittenberger (1991), Helicella juglans differs conchologically from Helicopsis cypriola in several characters, but none of these differences is very conspicuous." 157001,Semifruticicola serbica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Semifruticicola,serbica,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914","According to Fauna Europaea, there are two distinct subspecies: Semifructicicola costulata ssp. costulata (Brancsik, 1897) and S. costulata ssp. serbica A.J. Wagner, 1914, which is in contrast to AnimalBase. Dhora and Welter-Schultes (1996) note that its systematic position is unclear.

Following MolluscaBase (2022), Semifruticicola costulata is considered an homonym; name name revised to serbica. MolluscaBase (2022) maintains two subspecies," 157065,Thiessea amorgia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,amorgia,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1889)",According to Subai (1996) there two subspecies of Chilostoma amorgia; C. a. amorgia and C.a. furia. 157002,Marmorana signata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,signata,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","This is a polytypical species; in addition to the nominotypical subspecies, further eitght subspecies are listed as valid in Fauna Europaea: carsoliana (A. Férussac, 1821), contaminata (Paulucci, 1878), persianii (Tiberi, 1878), strigata (A. Férussac, 1821), tetrazona (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832), tiburtina (E. von Martens, 1899), uniarmata (Paulucci, 1881), uzielliana (Paulucci, 1881). Forcart (1965) considered M. fuscolabiata as a younger synonym of M. signata and used the name for the southern formgroup. The molecular genetic analysis of Fiorentino et al. (2010) has proven the coherence of the Rassenkreis, but the classification of subspecies has been judged as insufficient by Nordsieck (2011) who proposed a grouping which is quite similar to that of Fauna Europaea. The preoccupied name strigata should be replaced by its valid junior synonym umbrica (J. Mabille, 1868)." 157064,Solatopupa cianensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Solatopupa,cianensis,,,,,"(Caziot, 1910)", 157066,Mastus claudia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,claudia,,,,,"Maassen & Welter-Schultes, 1998", 157005,Levantina bellardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Levantina,bellardi,,,,,"(Mousson, 1854)", 157078,Craspedopoma mucronatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CRASPEDOPOMATIDAE,Craspedopoma,mucronatum,,,,,"(Menke, 1830)", 157006,Tacheocampylaea romagnolii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tacheocampylaea,romagnolii,,,,,"(Dutailly, 1867)","This is a polytypic species with two subspecies: T. romagnolii romagnolii (Dutailly, 1867), and T. r. deschampsiana (Hagenmüller, 1888).
T. romagnolii romagnolii: Hélice de Corte
T. romagnolii deschampsiana: Hélice de la Tartagine [note: the subspecies does not occur in the Tartagine valley as could be presumed from the common name]." 157080,Chondrina multidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,multidentata,,,,,"(Strobel, 1851)", 157008,Guerrina cuticula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Guerrina,cuticula,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands have been treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 157009,Macularia niciensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Macularia,niciensis,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","There are three subspecies: Macularia niciensis niciensis, M. niciensis dupuyi and M. niciensis guebhardi. " 157082,Columella edentula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Columella,edentula,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","Prior to 1966, this species was not recognised as distinct from C. aspera, thus early records cannot be attributed to either species." 157010,Solatopupa similis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Solatopupa,similis,,,,,"(Bruguière, 1792)", 157083,Canariella fortunata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,fortunata,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)","

This species has been treated as a variation of Canariella hispidula by Ibanez et al. (1995). However, currently this form is considered as a separate species (Bank et al. 2002). This species is polytypic and comprises the nominal subspecies and C. fortunata beata Wollaston, 1878.

" 157011,Trochulus ataxiacus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,ataxiacus,,,,,"(Fagot, 1884)", 157084,Trochulus villosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,villosus,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 157012,Xerotricha nodosostriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,nodosostriata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","The taxonomic identity of this species requires confirmation, it is listed as 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022)." 157013,Thiessea heldreichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,heldreichi,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 157014,Hemicycla planorbella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,planorbella,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 157087,Monacha rothii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,rothii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)",The species has partly been misidentified by several authors. Further anatomical examination is needed for the verification of the species' presence to various areas (Hausdorf 2003). 157088,Leptaxis drouetiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,drouetiana,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)", 157016,Helix pomacella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,pomacella,,,,,"Mousson, 1854","The species resembles Helix figulina, according to www.animalbase.org it is more globulous than Helix figulina, the aperture is more circular, and the margin more reflected." 157017,Canarivitrina falcifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Canarivitrina,falcifera,,,,,"(Ibañez & Groh, 2000)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands have been treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 157090,Xerocrassa homeyeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,homeyeri,,,,,"(Dohrn & Heynemann, 1862)", 157018,Menkia dewinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Menkia,dewinteri,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1991", 157019,Phenacolimax stabilei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Phenacolimax,stabilei,,,,,"(Lessona, 1880)","This species is often confused with other Vitrinidae species. The former variety, Vitrina stabilei var. locardi Pollonera, 1884, is now considered a valid species, Phenacolimax locardi (Pollonera, 1884)." 157092,Napaeus tagamichensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,tagamichensis,,,,,"Henriquez, 1993", 157020,Hemicycla paivanopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,paivanopsis,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1882)","The species was described by Morelet in 1864 under the name Helix paivana and later renamed by Mabille in 1882." 157093,Xerocrassa penchinati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,penchinati,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1868)", 157021,Chondrina gasulli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,gasulli,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1973", 157094,Canariella falkneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,falkneri,,,,,"Alonso, Ibañez & Ponte-Lira, 2002", 157022,Napaeus huttereri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,huttereri,,,,,"Henriquez, 1991", 157096,Pagodulina hauseri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAGODULINIDAE,Pagodulina,hauseri,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1978", 157024,Pupilla muscorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pupilla,muscorum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This widespread species has been investigated by Proschwitz et al. (2009) revealing that there is another species often confounded with P. muscorum, which proved to be a separate species (Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871))." 157098,Eucobresia nivalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Eucobresia,nivalis,,,,,"(Dumont & Mortillet, 1854)", 157026,Xerotricha silosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,silosensis,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zarate Lopez, 1950)","Some authors consider that this species should be included in the Hellicella instead of Xerotricha genus (Puente 1994)." 157099,Actinella arcta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,arcta,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 157027,Tacheocampylaea acropachia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tacheocampylaea,acropachia,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1880)","This is a  polytypic species with two subspecies besides the nominotypical subspecies: T. acropachia pollonerae (Caziot, 1903) and T. acropachia garciai (Hagenmüller, 1888).
According to recent research (Falkner ined.) the populations in the north-west of the total distribution area adjacent to the Monte Cardo, which have been described as Helix (Campylaea) venacensis Caziot, 1903, form a well characterised distinct species which has wrongly been treated as a synonym of T. a. acropachia." 157028,Monacha auturica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,auturica,,,,,"Falkner, 2000","This species has been revalidated by Falkner et al. (2002). Its taxonomic validity needs to be fully investigated, especially at the molecular level." 157101,Napaeus interpunctatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,interpunctatus,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 157029,Moreletina horripila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Moreletina,horripila,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)","Moreletina horripila was treated by Backhuys (1975) as an Actinella, a Madeiran genus, on account of its anatomy. Cunha et al. (2005) listed it in its present combination, following the work of Martins (2002)." 157102,Mastus alpicolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,alpicolus,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1890)","Grossu (1987) mentioned M. alpicola as a valid species and listed anatomical differences. According to www. animalbase.org: ""Smaller than typical Mastus venerabilis, but obviously no other differences. ""Mastus alpicola"" (correct spelling) is possibly a species complex and needs further taxonomic investigation." 157030,Xeroplexa belemensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeroplexa,belemensis,,,,,"(Servain, 1880)", 157103,Napaeopsis cefalonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeopsis,cefalonica,,,,,"(Mousson, 1859)",Fauna Europaea mentions the species only from Greece. According to Dhora (2009) the species is also present in Albania. 157031,Hygromia limbata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Hygromia,limbata,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","Fauna Europaea (Bank et al. 2006) lists two associated subspecies: Hygromia limbata limbata and Hygromia limbata sublimbata Bourguignat, 1882." 157104,Arianta schmidtii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Arianta,schmidtii,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 157032,Cernuella lampedusae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,lampedusae,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1890)","As Helix metabola is based on juvenile specimens which belong to Theba pisana (as already remarked by Kobelt), the appropriate name for the endemic Cernuella of Lampedusa is C. lampedusae (Kobelt, 1890). The taxonomic position and specific validity are questioned (Cianfanelli 2002). In the Italian checklist this species is not mentioned, not even as a synonym." 157106,Marmorana fuscolabiata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,fuscolabiata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)","This is a polytypical species; in addition to the nominotypical subspecies, a further 27 subspecies are listed as valid in Fauna Europaea (Bank 2011):

M. fuscolabiata apula (Kobelt, 1897), M. f. aspidensis (Tagliani, 1942), M. f. brunellae (Sacchi, 1956), M. f. cassinensis (Tagliani, 1942), M. f. castelluccensis (Kobelt, 1906), M. f. circeja (Kobelt, 1903), M. f. consigliana (Kobelt, 1904), M. f. gauri (Kobelt, 1903), M. f. irpina (Kobelt, 1903), M. f. lauriensis (Kobelt, 1905), M. f. mariannae (Kobelt, 1879), M. f. mingardii (Kobelt, 1904), M. f. picentina (Kobelt, 1903), M. f. pollinensis (Bacci, 1951), M. f. posidoniensis (Kobelt, 1877), M. f. potentiae (Kobelt, 1903), M. f. prausi (Bacci, 1951), M. f. saprensis (Kobelt, 1904), M. f. serpentinarum (Degner, 1936), M. f. sirinensis (Kobelt, 1904), M. f. sybaritica (Kobelt, 1906), M. f. tegianica (Degner, 1936), M. f. tenetensis (Kobelt, 1904), M. f. tiriolensis (Adami, 1873), M. f. vallicola (Kobelt, 1903), M. f. wullei (Kobelt, 1903). Forcart (1965) considered M. fuscolabiata as a synonym of M. signata.

The Marmorana forms south of the Napoli-Benevento depression have traditionally been united in a multifarious Rassenkreis with 10 to about 30 subspecies (Kobelt 1906, Degner 1936, Forcart 1965, Fauna Europaea (Bank 2011)). This concept has completely lost its base with the molecular genetic analysis of Fiorentino et al. (2010). Forms which have been formerly attributed to M. fuscolabiata are positioned in very different clades of the phylogenetic tree. Especially the typical form from the peninsula of Sorrento turned out to be closely related to the Tuscan saxetana. This means that even if a part of the former Rassenkreis can be maintained in Calabria, this cannot be named M. fuscolabiata.

Following Nordsieck (2011) this species complex needs to be separated, the taxon M. saxetana sensu auctores will become a synonym of M. fuscolabiata." 157034,Orcula tolminensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,tolminensis,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1912", 157107,Oestophora barbula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,barbula,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)","Type locality: Portugal. There is no problem to differentiate O. barbula from any other Iberian species except from Helix barbella Servain, 1880. Nevertheless, the validity of this last species has been rejected by several authors (Ortiz de Zárate 1962, Puente 1994) and its name included in the synonymy of O. barbula." 157035,Macularia saintivesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Macularia,saintivesi,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1906)", 157108,Thiessea posthuma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,posthuma,,,,,"(Knipper, 1939)", 157110,Actinella lentiginosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,lentiginosa,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Wollaston (1878) described two varieties; one variety lentiginosa and var. stellaris and  Bank et al. (2002) retain both subspecies in their Madeiran list." 157037,Xerocrassa nyeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,nyeli,,,,,"(Mittre, 1842)", 157111,Leptaxis azorica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,azorica,,,,,"(Albers, 1852)","Morelet (1860) extended the range of L. azorica to Santa Maria as variety γ minor, which Backhuys (1975) elevated to subspecific level; the latter author extended the range of the species to Flores island. van Riel et al. (2005), using molecular data, found evidence for specific separation of the populations from Santa Maria (L. minor Backhuys1975) and Flores (undescribed), as well as for splitting the eastern population of São Miguel from the western population, the latter being L. azorica. The subgeneric status of the Azorean Leptaxis is in need of revision (Bank et al. 2002)." 157038,Multidentula lamellifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Multidentula,lamellifera,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1858)","A number of authors refer to Bollingeria lamellifera (Rossmassler 1858) (Bank & Hovestadt 1991, Kebapci 2007)." 157039,Corneola crombezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Corneola,crombezi,,,,,"(Locard, 1882)", 157040,Josephinella brenskei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,brenskei,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)", 157114,Insulivitrina blauneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,blauneri,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)","The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999)." 157041,Josephinella fuchsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,fuchsi,,,,,"(Knipper, 1939)", 157115,Pseudoxerophila bathytera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Pseudoxerophila,bathytera,,,,,"(Westerlund & Blanc, 1879)", 157042,Chondrina generosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,generosensis,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1962", 157116,Caseolus baixoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,baixoensis,,,,,"Waldén, 1983","

Waldén (1983) recognized a varietal name used by Wollaston, Caseolus commixtus var. pusilla, as meriting specific status, giving it the name baixoensis. Seddon (2008) reports difficulty separating Caseolus baixoensis Waldén, 1983 and Caseolus compactus vigiae Waldén, 1983, and in the absence of type material of the latter considered that these may be conspecific.

" 157043,Monacha liebegottae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,liebegottae,,,,,"Hausdorf, 2003", 157117,Cattania polinskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,polinskii,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1928)","According to P. Subai (pers. comm. 2010) the genus Wladislawia could be placed as a separate genus. Damjanov and Likharev (1975) considered the species to have one subspecies (W. polinskii pirinensis (A. Wagner 1927) in addition to the nominate subspecies.
" 157044,Arianta hessei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Arianta,hessei,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1883)", 157045,Granaria variabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Granaria,variabilis,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)", 157119,Pseudotrichia rubiginosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pseudotrichia,rubiginosa,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)", 157046,Chondrula consentanea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,consentanea,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1887)","According to Fauna Europaea, the author is Westerlund, 1887 but AnimalBase suggests the author is Küster, 1870. Its systematic position is doubtful, with even Fauna Europaea (ver. 2.2) mentioning it twice; once as a synonym for Chondrula tridens tridens and once as a distinct species. Until a systematic revision confirms the validity of this species, it should be treated with reserve." 157120,Theba impugnata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Theba,impugnata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1857)","Theba impugnata was previously named Helix impugnata." 157047,Monachoides incarnatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monachoides,incarnatus,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)","This is a polytypic species with 3 subspecies: Monachoides incarnatus incarnatus (O. F. Müller, 1774), Monachoides incarnatus armatus (STABILE, 1859), Monachoides incarnatus welebitanus (L. PFEIFFER, 1848). The status of the last subspecies is currently under investigation (Nordsieck & Neubert, in prep.)." 157121,Xerocrassa caroli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,caroli,,,,,"(Dohrn & Heynemann, 1862)","There are as many as five subspecies considered. X. caroli caroli (Dohrn & Heinemann 1862), X. caroli formenterensis F. Schröder 1984, X. caroli jaeckeli (Altimira 1965), X. caroli spartariensis F. Schröder 1984, and X. caroli alegriae F. Schröder 1984." 157048,Rhabdoena stokesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Rhabdoena,stokesi,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1885)", 157122,Chondrina bigorriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,bigorriensis,,,,,"(Des Moulins, 1835)", 157049,Ponentina martigena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Ponentina,martigena,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)","The taxonomic history of the genus Ponentina is very complex. Some authors consider there are more than one species, mainly Ponentina subvirescens (Bellamy, 1839) and Ponentina ponentina (Morelet, 1845), while others believe there is only one valid species (Ponentina subvirescens) (authors summarized in Puente 1994, Arrebola 1995, Arrébola and García 1999). According to Arrébola (1995),  the discrepancies between the specimens described in the literature as P. subvirescens, P. ponentina or synonyms, especially at the level of the anatomy of the reproductive system, suggest that more than one species exist, as future more specific studies might demonstrate. Particularly, the study of one of the traditionally considered synonyms concludes with the specific validity of Ponentina martigena (Férussac, 1832), considered as Trichia (=Trochulus) martigena by Arrébola and García (1999)." 157123,Xerosecta introducta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,introducta,,,,,"(A. & J.B. Villa, 1841)","The species has often been confused with Xerosecta cespitum (Draparnaud, 1801) and was considered as a synonym of this species by some authors." 157050,Helix borealis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,borealis,,,,,"Mousson, 1859","According to Fauna Europaea this is a valid species. E. Neubert (pers. comm. 2010) also considers it a valid species. This species can be confused with Helix cincta." 157124,Chilostoma cingulatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,cingulatum,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)","Fauna Europaea recognises 31 valid subspecies. Most of these are in need of critical revision and some may be upgraded to species level. A first step in this direction is the work of Gargominy and Ripken (2006) who upgraded Chilostoma frigidum (De Cristofori & Jan, 1832) to species rank, with the subspecies Chilostoma frigidum frigidum, Chilostoma frigidum hermecianum (Pini, 1874) and Chilostoma frigidum liguricum (Kobelt, 1876)." 157051,Euchondrus parreyssi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Euchondrus,parreyssi,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 157125,Solatopupa juliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Solatopupa,juliana,,,,,"(Issel, 1866)","According to Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) for a long time, S. juliana has been considered only a synonym of S. similis." 157052,Sardovitrina polloneriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Sardovitrina,polloneriana,,,,,"(Fra Piero, 1897)","The authorship is cited as: (Fra' Piero [Arbanasich, P.], 1897) by Manganelli and Giusti (2005) and as ([Arbanasich, P.], 1897) by Giusti et al. (2011)." 157126,Leptaxis nivosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,nivosa,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1824)","

Nomenclatural comments: Bank et al. (2002) recognised that Helix nivosa var. planata (Lowe, 1855) is preoccupied by Helix planata Maton & Rackett, 1807, and hence gave it a new name.

Mandahl-Barth (1950) recognised three subspecies from different islands. As these forms are distinct as well as geographically isolated all three are discussed here:
Leptaxis nivosa nivosa (Sowerby, 1824)
Leptaxis nivosa calensis (Bank et al., 2002)
Leptaxis nivosa craticulata (Lowe, 1852) 



" 157127,Abida secale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,secale,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","Several subspecies have been described (Kokshoorn and Gittenberger 2010)." 157054,Agardhiella grossui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,grossui,,,,,"(Zilch, 1958)", 157055,Plebecula nitidiuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Plebecula,nitidiuscula,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1824)", 157130,Napaeus elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,elegans,,,,,"Alonso & Ibañez, 1995", 157057,Truncatellina monodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,monodon,,,,,"(Held, 1837)", 157131,Arianta chamaeleon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Arianta,chamaeleon,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1868)","Arianta chamaeleon is a polytypic species. However, the taxonomic status of these subspecies is problematic. The currently accepted subspecies are: Arianta chamaeleon chamaeleon (L. Pfeiffer, 1868), A. chamaeleon carnica (Ehrmann, 1910), A. chamaeleon wiedemayri (Kobelt, 1903), A. chamaeleon subglobosa (Ehrmann, 1910) and A. chamaeleon tullina (Ehrmann, 1910)." 157058,Kosicia intermedia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Kosicia,intermedia,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)","The assessment of this species was originally published giving the species authority as 'A. Férussac, 1832'. It is corrected here to 'C. Pfeiffer, 1828' following MolluscaBase (2022)." 157132,Campylaea planospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Campylaea,planospira,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)","Manganelli et al. (1995) and Fauna Europeae recognised five valid subspecies, whilst MolluscaBase (2022) accepts four;
  • Campylaea planospira planospira (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Campylaea planospira benedicta Kobelt, 1872
  • Campylaea planospira occultata (Paulucci, 1886)
  • Campylaea planospira setulosa (Briganti, 1825).
" 157059,Phenacolimax major,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Phenacolimax,major,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1807)", 157060,Napaeus boucheti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,boucheti,,,,,"Alonso & Ibañez, 1993", 157134,Metafruticicola redtenbacheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,redtenbacheri,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)",The genus is in need of an extensive revision. 157068,Pseudoxerophila confusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Pseudoxerophila,confusa,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1991", 157135,Helix figulina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,figulina,,,,,"Rossmässler, 1839","" 157069,Xerolenta macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerolenta,macedonica,,,,,"(P. Hesse, 1928)", 157136,Cattania trizona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,trizona,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)",


157070,Dinarica serbica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Dinarica,serbica,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1872)",


157137,Insulivitrina parryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,parryi,,,,,"(Gude, 1896)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 157071,Helicopsis retowskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,retowskii,,,,,"(Clessin, 1883)", 157138,Semilimax semilimax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Semilimax,semilimax,,,,,"(J. Férussac, 1802)", 157072,Napaeus doliolum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,doliolum,,,,,"Henriquez, 1993", 157139,Napaeus palmaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,palmaensis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 157073,Napaeus myosotis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,myosotis,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 157140,Helicopsis gittenbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,gittenbergeri,,,,,"Hausdorf, 1990", 157141,Chondrina gerhardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,gerhardi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2002", 157075,Marmorana platychela,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,platychela,,,,,"(Menke, 1830)","This is a polytypical species; in addition to the nominotypical subspecies, seven further subspecies are listed as valid in Fauna Europaea (Bank 2011):
M. p. platychela (Menke, 1830)
M. p. connexa (Westerlund, 1889)
M. p. excelsa (K.L. Pfeiffer, 1931)
M. p. florioi (Monterosato, 1892)
M. p. iparia (Benoit, 1857) [ragusae Kobelt 1883]
M. p. rosaliae (Benoit, 1857)
M. p. sicana (A. Férussac, 1832)
M. p. spuria (Westerlund, 1876); the description as ""forma"" is based on one specimen from Parreyss without an indication of a type locality; Westerlund treated it later as an infrasubspecific entity within the typical platychela." 157142,Candidula cavannae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Candidula,cavannae,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1881)","Candidula claudia (Sacchi, 1954) is a synonym to this species. The form C. scissa (Paulucci, 1881), originally described as a variety of C. cavannae, is considered to belong to the form group of C. grovesiana.

Sacchi has described C. claudia from Capri and the peninsula Sorrent, but this species is anatomically and conchologically identical with C. cavannae, and thus has to be regarded as a younger synonym.
" 157076,Platyla sardoa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,sardoa,,,,,"Cianfanelli, Talenti, Bodon & Manganelli, 2000", 157143,Napaeopsis minima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeopsis,minima,,,,,"Bank & Menkhorst, 1992", 157077,Xerocrassa nicosiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,nicosiana,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger, 1991)", 157144,Campylaeopsis moellendorffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Campylaeopsis,moellendorffi,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1871)",


157145,Insulivitrina gomerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,gomerensis,,,,,"M.R. Alonso & Ibañez, 1988","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands have been treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 157146,Theba geminata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Theba,geminata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1857)","This is most probably a species complex, which urgently needs scientific research (Greve et al. 2010). The complex is known from almost all islands within the Canary Island group.
" 157149,Isognomostoma isognomostomos,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Isognomostoma,isognomostomos,,,,,"(Schröter, 1784)", 157150,Helicopsis cereoflava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,cereoflava,,,,,"(M. Bielz, 1851)","Soós (1943) believes that Helicopsis talmacensis is not synonymous to this species, but that it is a subspecies of H. instabilis. In this assessment however, H. talmacensis records are also considered.
" 157152,Mastus procax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,procax,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 157153,Josephinella choristochila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,choristochila,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1886)", 157154,Truncatellina velkovrhi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,velkovrhi,,,,,"Štamol, 1995", 157157,Helicomela setulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicomela,setulosa,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Seddon (2008) and Cameron et al. (2006) considered that Helicomela punctulata and Caseolus solidus (now listed as Helicomela setulosa) to probably be just ecologically different subpopulations of the same species, however Bank et al. (2002) listed them as separate species, a position maintained by MolluscsBase (2022)." 157158,Thiessea euboeae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Thiessea,euboeae,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1867)", 157160,Kosicia ambrosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Kosicia,ambrosi,,,,,"(Strobel, 1852)", 157161,Xerotricha renei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,renei,,,,,"(Fagot, 1882)","This name was considered incertae sedis by Puente (1994)." 157162,Xerosecta dohrni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,dohrni,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1882)",De Mattia and Mascia (2014) placed X. hillyeriana as a synonym of X. dorhni. 157163,Xeropicta akrotirica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeropicta,akrotirica,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1991","Xeropicta akrotirica differs from the congeneric species by the globular, relatively small shells, with an irregular sculpture, and a narrow umbilicus (Gittenberger 1991)." 157164,Hemicycla ethelema,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,ethelema,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1882)", 157165,Agardhiella reinhardti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,reinhardti,,,,,"(Zilch, 1958)", 157166,Cernuella aradasii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Cernuella,aradasii,,,,,"(Pirajno, 1842)","The taxon has been defined by a Lectotype designation by Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (1986)." 157168,Euchondrus nucifragus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Euchondrus,nucifragus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1848)","This polytypic species is subdivided into two subspecies:Euchondrus nucifragus nucifragus (L. Pfeiffer, 1848), and Euchondrus nucifragus lehari (Wallner, 1943)." 157169,Ripkeniella petrophila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Ripkeniella,petrophila,,,,,"Hutterer & E. Gittenberger, 1998", 157170,Abida vasconica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,vasconica,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1882)", 157171,Monacha emigrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,emigrata,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1894)", 157173,Napaeus savinosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,savinosus,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 157174,Lindholmiola corcyrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,corcyrensis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)","A DNA sequence study supported the former view that L. corcyrensis and L. girva are distinct taxa (Fehér and Erőss 2009).


" 157175,Acicula lineolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,lineolata,,,,,"(Pini, 1884)","This species has often been confused with Acicula lineata." 157176,Argna ferrari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Argna,ferrari,,,,,"(Porro, 1838)","There are two subspecies: A. ferrari ferrari and A. ferrari blanci, mainly found in France.

" 157177,Urticicola moutonii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Urticicola,moutonii,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1848)", 157178,Oestophorella buvinieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophorella,buvinieri,,,,,"(Michaud, 1841)", 157179,Cattania apfelbecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,apfelbecki,,,,,"(Sturany, 1901)","According to Subai (1995, 1997) there are two subspecies; Campylaea apfelbecki apfelbecki and C. a. bindzaensis (Sturany, 1909).

Subai (pers. comm. 2010) considered C. a. bindzaensis to be a distinct species, however, both subspeceis were included within the assessment, and MolluscaBase (2022) maintains C. a. bindzaensis as a subspecies." 157182,Ganula lanuginosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ganula,lanuginosa,,,,,"(Boissy, 1835)",Locus Typicus: L'ile Majorque à Palma (Mallorca). 157183,Napaeopsis ossica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeopsis,ossica,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1885)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species comprises two sub-species: Napaeopsis ossicus ossicus (O. Boettger 1885); Napaeopsis ossicus discolor (O. Boettger 1885)." 157184,Leptaxis membranacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,membranacea,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 157185,Orculella critica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,critica,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)",According to Hausdorf (1996) Orculella critica has often been confused with O. ignorata. The species may occur sympatrically in Rhodes (Gittenberger & Hausdorf 2004). 157186,Napaeus vulgaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,vulgaris,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)","Morelet & Drouët’s (1857) original description does not mention type locality, so “The Azores” is currently accepted. Morelet (1860:187-188) states that this species is spread through most of the islands, mentioning that it is most abundant in São Miguel and Faial. However, preliminary anatomical work has revealed that most records from islands other than São Miguel are most probably N. delibutus (A. Martins pers. comm. 2010). It is, then, advisable to restrict the type locality to São Miguel, where the type material comes from." 157187,Chondrina calpica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,calpica,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1872)","This species has two subspecies: Chondrina calpica calpica (Westerlund, 1872) and Chondrina calpica altenai Gittenberger, 1973. The first subspecies is easily identifiable by shell features from the most similar and geographically nearest species, Chondrina granatensis Alonso, 1974 and Chondrina maginensis Arrébola & Gómez, 1998 (Arrébola and Gómez 1998). The second subspecies is only known from the surroundings of Ceuta in North Africa (Gittenberger 1973)." 157188,Liburnica dochii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,dochii,,,,,"(Sturany, 1907)",


157189,Hemicycla vermiplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,vermiplicata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 157190,Theba grasseti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Theba,grasseti,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","Theba grasseti was previously named Helix grasseti." 157191,Helicella iberica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,iberica,,,,,"(Rambur, 1869)", 157192,Lindholmiola pirinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Lindholmiola,pirinensis,,,,,"S.H.F. Jaeckel, 1954","The species was mentioned by Damjanov & Likharev (1975) as the subspecies of Lindholmiola corcyrensis (Deshayes 1839)." 157193,Xerocrassa siderensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,siderensis,,,,,"(Maltzan, 1883)","The shells of X. siderensis are very variable especially between populations. Some populations, especially east of Agia Fotia and west of Zakros, are characterized by a distinct edge at the periphery ofthe body whorl and ribs. In the population from Agia Fotia, 1.7 km towards Palekastro, an extreme specimen with a distinct keel and a very narrow umbilicus was found. This specimen approaches the charactersof X. amphiconus. However, the specimens from adjacent populations of X. amphiconus have a more protruding keel and are more depressed. The intermediate specimen might be evidence for an introgressionbetween X. siderensis and X. amphiconus. Nevertheless, we classify X. siderensis and X. amphiconus as distinct species, because such specimens are very rare, and even these can be referred to one of the two taxa without doubts (see remarks by X. amphiconus) (Hausdorf & Sauer 2009)." 157196,Thoanteus gibber,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Thoanteus,gibber,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1833)", 157198,Hemicycla maugeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,maugeana,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)","Odhner (1932) supposed it to be a synonym of H. guarmatemes, but nowadays it is believed to be a species on it’s own." 157199,Xerocrassa derogata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,derogata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1859)", 157200,Napaeus tabidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,tabidus,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)","A synonym of this species is N. tarnerianus (Grasset, 1856)." 157201,Chondrina farinesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,farinesii,,,,,"(Des Moulins, 1835)",Chondrina granatensis was originally described by Alonso (1974) as a subspecies of Chondrina farinesii. Arrébola and Gómez (1998) consider that the shell features of Chondrina granatensis are different enough to justify its consideration as a separate species from the Chondrina farinesii complex. Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) agree with the last authors. 157202,Vertigo ronnebyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,ronnebyensis,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1871)", 157203,Monilearia monilifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,monilifera,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 157204,Hemicycla distensa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,distensa,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 157205,Meijeriella canaliculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Meijeriella,canaliculata,,,,,"Bank, 1985","Compare with Borlumastus yildirimi (Örstan & Yildırım, 2004)." 157206,Metafruticicola zonella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,zonella,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1864)",The genus is in need of an extensive revision. 157208,Cepaea hortensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cepaea,hortensis,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 157209,Obelus mirandae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Obelus,mirandae,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1861)",The genus Obelus was revised by Ibáñez et al. (2003). 157210,Levantina spiriplana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Levantina,spiriplana,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)", 157211,Ena elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Ena,elongata,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1877)","Ena elongata (Kobelt 1877) has been attributed to the genus Ena based on shell characters (Bank & Menkhorst 1992, Hausdorf 2001)." 157212,Mastus ierapetrana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,ierapetrana,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 157213,Moreletina vespertina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Moreletina,vespertina,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","Moreletina vespertina was treated by Backhuys (1975:218) as an Actinella, a Madeiran genus, on account of its anatomy. Cunha et al. (2005) listed it in its present combination, on account of the work of Martins (2002) for Moreletina obruta." 157214,Metafruticicola coartata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,coartata,,,,,"Fuchs & Käufel, 1936","The genus is in need of an extensive revision.

Two subspecies are currently accepted by MolluscaBase (2022):
- Metafruticicola coartata ssp. coartata Fuchs & Käufel, 1936
- Metafruticicola coartata ssp. gemina Fuchs & Käufel, 1936" 157215,Mastus riedeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,riedeli,,,,,"Maassen, 1995", 157217,Ichnusotricha berninii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ichnusotricha,berninii,,,,,"Giusti & Manganelli, 1987", 157218,Rupestrella occulta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Rupestrella,occulta,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","According to Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) there is one subspecies described: Rupestrella occulta gibilfunnensis (De Gregorio, 1895) (the type locality is the Gibilforni mountain, near Palermo, in Sicily, Italy). According to www.animalbase.org the species needs to be revised." 157219,Argna valsabina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Argna,valsabina,,,,,"(Spinelli, 1851)",


157222,Monacha cartusiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,cartusiana,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)","In the south-eastern Balkans (particularly Bulgaria and Greece), this species may be confused with other, conchologically very similar species. Records from these areas need corroboration by anatomical studies." 157223,Semilimacella carniolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Semilimacella,carniolica,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1884)","


" 157224,Chilostoma achates,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,achates,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)","A polytypic species, in which the taxonomic status of the subspecies is problematic. The currently accepted subspecies, listed in Fauna Europaea are: Ch. achates achates (Rossmässler, 1835), Ch. a. cingulina (Deshayes, 1839), Ch. a. ochroleucum (Babor & Kostal, 1894), Ch. a. stiriae (Forcart, 1933). Reischütz and Reischütz (2007: 382) list as additional subspecies Ch. a. achates sensu Klemm, 1974 and Ch. a. rhaeticum (Strobel, 1857). Of these, Ch. a. achates sensu Klemm denotes a separate subspecies differening from the true achates, this is an erroneous application of the epithet. Ch. a. rhaeticum is considered to be a subspecies of Ch. adelozona in Fauna Europaea." 157225,Ena monticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Ena,monticola,,,,,"(Roth, 1856)","This is a polytypic species currently subdivided into three taxa: Ena m. monticola, Ena monticola dryops (E. von Martens, 1889, and Ena monticola klissurica Bank & Menkhorst, 1992." 157226,Xerocrassa meda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,meda,,,,,"(Porro, 1840)", 157227,Truncatellina laeviuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,laeviuscula,,,,,"(Küster, 1850)",The taxonomic identity of this species is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022). 157230,Arianta aethyops,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Arianta,aethyops,,,,,"(M. Bielz, 1851)","This species was originally assessed under the name 'Arianta aethiops', and the species epithet is revised to 'aethyops' following MolluscaBase (2022), although Bielz emended the name himself to 'aethiops', and it is in use since then.

The species has two subspecies, A. aethyops aethyops (M. Bielz, 1851) and A. aethyops petrii (M. Kimakowicz, 1890)." 157231,Xerogyra fiorii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerogyra,fiorii,,,,,"(Alzona & Alzona Bisacchi, 1938)", 157233,Napaeus lowei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,lowei,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 157234,Trochulus plebeius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,plebeius,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","A taxonomic review of the genus Trochulus spp. is underway by Gerhard Falkner and Ted von Proschwitz.


" 157235,Urticicola umbrosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Urticicola,umbrosus,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 157236,Canariella tenuicostulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,tenuicostulata,,,,,"Alonso, Ibañez & Ponte-Lira, 2003", 157238,Hemicycla consobrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,consobrina,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1822)", 15724,Ouagapia spaldingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Ouagapia,spaldingi,,,,,"Crosse, 1895", 157240,Mastus subaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,subaii,,,,,"Maassen, 1995",Closely related with M. abundans in molecular analyses (Parmakelis et al. 2005) 157245,Darevskia praticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,praticola,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1834)","It is not certain that the eastern and western populations belong to the same species; further taxonomic studies are needed to resolve this issue. Speybroeck et al. (2020) summarize the current state of research into this species, and recommended recognizing the three subspecies D. p. praticola, D. p. pontica and D. p. hungarica while cautioning that morphological research incorporating data across the complex's range may warrant recognizing two or three distinct species." 157251,Zamenis hohenackeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Zamenis,hohenackeri,,,,,"(Strauch, 1873)","With broader morphological and molecular sampling than previous work Hofmann et al. (2018) clarified infraspecific structure within this species. They identified three allopatric, highly divergent lineages, describing the new subspecies Zamenis hohenackeri lyciensis and clarifying the ranges of the three recognized subspecies;

Z. h. hohenackeri: south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey.
Z. h. lyciensis: southern Anatolia, western Syria, to northern Israel, and Cyprus.
Z. h. taurica: Black Sea coast of Anatolia south and east to the Caucuses and north-western Iran and north-eastern Iraq." 157252,Podarcis cretensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,cretensis,,,,,"(Wettstein, 1952)",This species was formerly included within Podarcis erhardii. 157254,Psammodromus manuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Psammodromus,manuelae,,,,,"Busack, Salvador & Lawson, 2006","This taxon was previously considered part of algirus, but was described as a separate species by Busack et al. (2006)." 157258,Telescopus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,fallax,,,,,"(Fleischmann, 1831)","Šmíd et al. (2019) found that T. fallax as presently understood is paraphyletic with respect to T. nigriceps and T. hoogstraali, but refrained from taking taxonomic action. These authors used the name T. f. syriacus for samples from Jordan and Israel which fall within their T. nigriceps clade, supporting the suggestions by Disi et al. (2001) and Göçmen et al. (2007) that records from Jordan should be regarded as T. nigriceps." 157261,Hemidactylus turcicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,turcicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Specimens from India, Pakistan, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Sudan, Somalia and Kenya are now referable to H. robustus (S. Baha El Din 2006; Bauer et al. 2006)." 157262,Malpolon monspessulanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Malpolon,monspessulanus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1804)",Eastern populations of Malpolon formerly allocated to M. monspessulanus are now included within M. insignatus following Carranza et al. (2006). 157264,Elaphe quatuorlineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,quatuorlineata,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1789)","Elaphe sauromates was separated from E. quatuorlineata, of which it was previously a subspecies, on the basis of a large genetic divergence (Lenk et al. 2001). While this has since largely been accepted (Jablonski et al. 2019), the name E. quatuorlineata has however been used in recent literature referring to populations outside the range of this species as now understood (e.g. Moldova - Tsurcan 2016, Romania - Popescu et al. 2013), and these are treated here as referring to E. sauromates." 157271,Iberolacerta galani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,galani,,,,,"Arribas, Carranza and Odierna, 2006","This species was formerly included within Iberolacerta monticola, but recognized to be distinct by Arribas, Carranza and Odierna (2006)." 157272,Blanus strauchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BLANIDAE,Blanus,strauchi,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1884)","The taxonomy of this species was revised by Sindaco et al. (2014)," 157276,Phoenicolacerta troodica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Phoenicolacerta,troodica,,,,,"(Werner, 1936)", 157277,Platyceps najadum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,najadum,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1831)","Animals from Israel and Jordan are referable to Platyceps collaris, not P. najadum. As many as seven subspecies are recognized
""At least seven"" distinct subspecies are generally recognized, some of which (e.g. P. n. dahlii, which encompasses most European populations) may warrant recognition as full species  following a revision of this species complex (Geniez 2018)." 157280,Psammodromus jeanneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Psammodromus,jeanneae,,,,,"Busack, Salvador & Lawson, 2006","This taxon was previously considered part of algirus, but was described as a separate species by Busack et al. (2006)." 157281,Mediodactylus kotschyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,kotschyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)",This may be a species complex. Further studies into the taxonomic status of a number of populations of this species are needed. 157290,Podarcis levendis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,levendis,,,,,"Lymberakis, Poulakakis, Kaliontzopoulou, Valakos and Mylonas, 2008", 157292,Eirenis modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,modestus,,,,,"(Martin, 1838)", 157293,Podarcis tiliguerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,tiliguerta,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Molecular research has been interpreted to suggest that this is a complex of at least three species, and taxonomic research is needed to clarify the systematics of this species group and the validity of the numerous described subspecies (Speybroeck et al. 2016). Despite the complexity of genetic variation in this group, there is no evidence of long-term barriers to gene flow and further research is needed to clarify whether this is a species complex (Salvi et al. 2017)." 15740,Ovis nivicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ovis,nivicola,,,,,"Eschcholtz, 1829","Grubb (2005) recognized four subspecies: O. n. nivicola, O. n. borealis, O. n. kodarensis, and O. n. koriakorum. However, many Russian authors recognize a different set of subspecies: O. n. nivicola Eschscholtz, 1929 (Kamchatka); O. n. borealis Severtzov, 1873 (Taimyr); O. n. alleni Matsche, 1907 (East Siberia, Yablonovy and Stanovoy Ridges, to Verkhoyansky Ridge in the north); O. n. lydekkeri Kowarzik, 1913 (northeastern Siberia, from Lena River in the west to Stanovoy Ridge in the east, and Verkhoyansky Ridge in the south); and O. n. koriakorum Tschernyavsky, 1962 (Chukchi Peninsula and Koryak District) (K. Tsytsulina pers. comm.). Clearly subspecific taxonomy remains uncertain." 157474,Stenopterus similatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stenopterus,similatus,,,,,"Holzschuh, 1979","

This species has two subspecies; the nominal subspecies from the Greek island Ikaria (Stenopterus similatus similatus), and S. s. mehli Sama, 1995, from the island of Cyprus.

" 157479,Delagrangeus schurmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Delagrangeus,schurmanni,,,,,"Sama, 1985", 157481,Athous zuzartei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Athous,zuzartei,,,,,"Zapata & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2005", 157487,Ropalopus ungaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Ropalopus,ungaricus,,,,,"(Herbst, 1784)", 157501,Haterumelater tauricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Haterumelater,tauricola,,,,,"(Gurjeva, 1957)", 157502,Hylis simonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Hylis,simonae,,,,,"(Olexa, 1970)", 157505,Ampedus vandalitiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,vandalitiae,,,,,"Lohse, 1976", 157509,Ampedus francolinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,francolinus,,,,,"Bouwer, 1984", 157510,Tenebroides fuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Tenebroides,fuscus,,,,,"(Goeze, 1777)","Some authors consider T. fuscus (Goeze, 1777) as synonym of T. mauritanicus (Linnaeus, 1758). However, most recent authors consider T. fuscus as a valid species, clearly separated from T. mauritanicus based on ecological criteria (P. Bahillo de la Puebla pers. comm. 2009)." 157511,Crotchiella brachyptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Crotchiella,brachyptera,,,,,"Israelson, 1985", 157512,Lucanus barbarossa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Lucanus,barbarossa,,,,,"Fabricius, 1801","López-Colón (2000) considers that this species belongs to genus Pseudolucanus." 157521,Isoriphis marmottani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Isoriphis,marmottani,,,,,"(Bonvouloir, 1871)", 157530,Crepidophorus mutilatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Crepidophorus,mutilatus,,,,,"(Rosenhauer, 1847)", 157533,Ampedus rugosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,rugosus,,,,,"Schimmel, 1982",This species is of questionable taxonomic status (B. Büche pers. comm. 2009). 157534,Pseudosphegesthes cinerea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pseudosphegesthes,cinerea,,,,,"(Castelnau & Gory, 1835)","In some works it is referred to as P. cinereus." 157540,Xylophilus testaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Xylophilus,testaceus,,,,,"(Herbst, 1806)","This species has been recently synonymized as Otolelus neglectus (Jacquelin du Duval, 1863)." 157552,Agathidium pulchellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LEIODIDAE,Agathidium,pulchellum,,,,,"Wankowicz, 1869", 157555,Ampedus assingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,assingi,,,,,"Schimmel, 1996", 157559,Athous recaldei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Athous,recaldei,,,,,"Zapata & Sánchez-Ruiz, 2005", 157561,Chlorophorus ruficornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,ruficornis,,,,,"(Olivier, 1790)", 157571,Microrhagus pyrenaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Microrhagus,pyrenaeus,,,,,"Bonvouloir, 1872", 157572,Limoniscus violaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Limoniscus,violaceus,,,,,"(P.W.J. Müller, 1821)", 157573,Chlorophorus glabromaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,glabromaculatus,,,,,"(Goeze, 1777)","The taxonomic status of this species appears to be unclear due to the varying opinions of different authors. In Spain, this species is currently regarded as a variety of C. pilosus (Gonzáles Peña et al. 2007). Sama (2000) however states this is a separate species and this is supported by Brustel et al. (2002)." 157575,Osmoderma lassallei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Osmoderma,lassallei,,,,,"Baraud & Tauzin, 1991","The Osmoderma species complex is here treated as five separate species (barnabita, eremita, cristinae, italica and lassallei), following Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). Distribution limits of these different forms remain poorly resolved, but for the purpose of these assessments we follow the approximate distribution limits outlined in Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). There is ongoing debate as to whether or not these forms constitute valid species,  but for the purpose of this assessment we are assessing each form separately.
" 157579,Leipaspis pinicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Leipaspis,pinicola,,,,,"Wollaston, 1862", 157583,Hylis slipinskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Hylis,slipinskii,,,,,"Burakowski & Buchholz, 1991", 157584,Ampedus aethiops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,aethiops,,,,,"(Lacordaire, 1835) ","L'Inventaire national du patrimoine naturel (INPN; France) website uses the name Ampedus scrofa Germar, 1944 for this species as it indicates that this species is actually A. aethiops sensu Dajoz, 1962 and not that of Lacordaire, 1835. A. scrofa is also used by the Spanish authors Zapata de la Vega and Sánchez-Ruiz (2012)." 157591,Brachygonus meraculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Brachygonus,meraculus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1889)", 157592,Ampedus apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,apicalis,,,,,"(Reitter, 1889)", 157611,Ampedus gallicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,gallicus,,,,,"Bouwer, 1990","Ampedus gallicus has been described as 'new to science' from France but has not been reported elsewhere. It seems unlikely that there really is an endemic French Ampedus and so this species is probably going to be synonymised with another Ampedus species at some stage in the future. Until such a review takes place, A. gallicus must remain as a separate species and be assessed for the Red List separately. It is within the A. nemoralis group." 157630,Ampedus ochrinulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,ochrinulus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1887)", 157631,Ropalopus insubricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Ropalopus,insubricus,,,,,"(Germar, 1824)","Recorded from the Atlas Mountains in northern Africa. However, these records are thought to be related to different species (R. ungaricus and R. siculus)." 157633,Alestrus dolosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Alestrus,dolosus,,,,,"(Crotch, 1867)", 157635,Pediacus tabellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CUCUJIDAE,Pediacus,tabellatus,,,,,"Wollaston, 1864","The taxonomic status of the species needs to be confirmed. Wollaston (died 1878) tells in the original description: 'the only specimen which I have yet seen of this insect was captured by myself (beneath the bark of a felled Spanish chestnut-tree) at the Agua Mansa, in Tenerife. Possibly it may be but a geographical state of the European P. depressus; but further material would be necessary, for comparison, before such could be ascertained'." 157636,Ampedus triangulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,triangulum,,,,,"(Dorn, 1925)","According to some authors the taxonomic status of this species is doubtful, and is regarded as a synonym of A. pomorum. " 157640,Ampedus karpathicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,karpathicus,,,,,"(Buysson, 1885)","The modern use of the name A. karpathicus includes the two - formerly separately recognised - species A. karpathicus (central Europe) and A. suecicus Pal (Fennoscandia)." 157641,Ceruchus chrysomelinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Ceruchus,chrysomelinus,,,,,"(Hochenwart, 1785)", 157645,Tritoma bipustulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Tritoma,bipustulata,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775", 157647,Dolocerus reichii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Dolocerus,reichii,,,,,"Mulsant, 1862","This species was previously placed as Brachypteroma ottomanum Heyden, 1863. However, it is now recognised that the former synonym, Dolocerus reichii Mulsant, 1862 is the pre-existing senior name." 157659,Clytus lama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,lama,,,,,"Mulsant, 1847", 157666,Athous mendesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Athous,mendesi,,,,,"Giuseppe & Serrano, 2003", 157687,Ampedus callegarii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,callegarii,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 2000", 157688,Hylis procerulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Hylis,procerulus,,,,,"(Mannerheim, 1823)", 157689,Ampedus impressicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,impressicollis,,,,,"Bouwer, 1984",The taxonomic status is uncertain and is considered doubtful by several Elateridae experts. It is likely to be very close to other Ampedus species (A. pomoni). 157690,Ampedus ziegleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,ziegleri,,,,,"Zeising & Sieg, 1983",This species is taxonomically uncertain and its status is questionable (B. Büche pers. comm. 2009). 157692,Ampedus hjorti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,hjorti,,,,,"(Rye, 1905)", 157694,Scobicia barbifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BOSTRICHIDAE,Scobicia,barbifrons,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1864)", 157695,Lioderina linearis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Lioderina,linearis,,,,,"(Hampe, 1870)", 157698,Ampedus coenobita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,coenobita,,,,,"(Costa, 1881)", 157709,Thambus frivaldskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Thambus,frivaldskyi,,,,,"Bonvouloir, 1871","Note that in Lobl and Smetana (2006) this name is spelt T. friwaldszkyi and T. frivaldszkyi." 157714,Pseudotriphyllus suturalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Pseudotriphyllus,suturalis,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1801)", 157724,Triplax carpathica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,carpathica,,,,,"Reitter, 1890", 15773,Oxyepoecus bruchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Oxyepoecus,bruchi,,,,,"Santschi, 1926", 157730,Grynocharis oblonga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Grynocharis,oblonga,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15774,Oxyepoecus daguerrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Oxyepoecus,daguerrei,,,,,"(Santschi, 1933)", 157742,Trichius orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Trichius,orientalis,,,,,"Reitter, 1894", 157748,Agriotes passosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Agriotes,passosi,,,,,"Giuseppe & Serrano, 2003", 15775,Oxyepoecus inquilinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Oxyepoecus,inquilinus,,,,,"(Kusnezov, 1952)", 157750,Mycetophagus tauricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Mycetophagus,tauricus,,,,,"Pliguinsky, 1923", 157751,Procallimus egregius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Procallimus,egregius,,,,,"(Mulsant & Rey, 1863)","In some data sources, P. egregius is placed in a different genus, as Callimus egregius. Bense (1995) refers to the view of Aldbauer (1988) that Callimus egregius ssp. semicyaneus (Pic, 1905) is the subspecies which occurs in Greece and south-western Turkey. P. egregius and P. semicyaneus are treated as separate species in here. " 157752,Brachygonus campadellii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Brachygonus,campadellii,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 2000", 157754,Platycerus spinifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Platycerus,spinifer,,,,,"Schaufuss, 1862","The description date of this species has been quoted as 1862, but it is actually 1863 (Boucher et al., 2013)." 157755,Xylophilus corticalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Xylophilus,corticalis,,,,,"(Paykull, 1800)", 157763,Xyletinus tremulicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,PTINIDAE,Xyletinus,tremulicola,,,,,"Kangas, 1958", 157764,Athous strictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Athous,strictus,,,,,"(Candèze, 1863)", 157769,Triplax pygmaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,pygmaea,,,,,"Kraatz, 1872", 157783,Isotomus barbarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Isotomus,barbarae,,,,,"Sama, 1977", 157786,Microrhagus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Microrhagus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1792)","This species might be a synonym of M. palmi - but verification is pending." 157793,Scobicia ficicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BOSTRICHIDAE,Scobicia,ficicola,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1865)", 157795,Clytus tropicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,tropicus,,,,,"(Panzer, 1795)",This species has many synonyms and a taxonomic revision is needed. 15780,Oxyloma kanabense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Oxyloma,kanabense,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1948",Should possibly be listed as O. haydeni kanabensis. 157800,Ampedus cardinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,cardinalis,,,,,"(Schiödte, 1865)", 157802,Dacne notata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Dacne,notata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1790)", 157807,Clypeorhagus clypeatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Clypeorhagus,clypeatus,,,,,"(Hampe, 1850)", 157810,Ampedus melanurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,melanurus,,,,,"Mulsant & Guillebeau, 1855", 157821,Thymalus oblongus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Thymalus,oblongus,,,,,"Reitter, 1889", 157822,Monochamus sartor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Monochamus,sartor,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 157826,Cardiophorus widenfalki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Cardiophorus,widenfalki,,,,,"Leiler, 1967",This species was described on the basis of a single larva from the type locality in Sweden and the validity of this species is in question. 157827,Stenagostus rufus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Stenagostus,rufus,,,,,"(De Geer, 1774)", 157833,Ampedus auripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,auripes,,,,,"(Reitter, 1895)","According to Dolin (1988) this species is a synonym of A. nigrinus Herbst, 1784, but Lobl and Smetana (2007), treat A. auripes and A. nigrinus as two separate species. Wurst & Kaupp (1995) accorded it the status of a valid species. Jarzabek-Müller and Müller (2008) provide a discussion on the distinction between the two species." 157840,Triplax tergestana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,tergestana,,,,,"Reitter, 1881",The taxonomic status of this species may need confirmation. 157844,Microrhagus emyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Microrhagus,emyi,,,,,"(Rouget, 1856)", 157847,Porthmidius gelineki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Porthmidius,gelineki,,,,,"(Reitter, 1904)", 157848,Ropalopus femoratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Ropalopus,femoratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 157849,Blabinotus spinicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Blabinotus,spinicollis,,,,,"Wollaston, 1854", 157867,Microrhagus lepidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Microrhagus,lepidus,,,,,"Rosenhauer, 1847", 157868,Ampedus brunnicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,brunnicornis,,,,,"Germar, 1844","According to Dolin (1988), this species is a synonym of  A. nigerrimus, but Lobl and Smetana (2007) regard  A. brunnicornis and A. nigerrimus as two separate species." 157873,Ampedus balcanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,balcanicus,,,,,"Dolin, 1983", 157874,Leipaspis lauricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Leipaspis,lauricola,,,,,"Wollaston, 1862","Leipaspis lauricola has two subspecies: L. l. lauricola Wollaston, 1862 and L. l. gomerensis Wollaston, 1862 (Plata-Negrache and Prendes-Ayala 1981)." 157877,Stephanopachys brunneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BOSTRICHIDAE,Stephanopachys,brunneus,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1862)", 157883,Ampedus carinthiacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,carinthiacus,,,,,"Bouwer, 1984", 157886,Chlorophorus aegyptiacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,aegyptiacus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 157891,Reitterelater bouyoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Reitterelater,bouyoni,,,,,"(Chassain, 1992)", 157899,Denticollis interpositus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Denticollis,interpositus,,,,,"Roubal, 1941", 157901,Osmoderma barnabita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Osmoderma,barnabita,,,,,"Motschulsky, 1845","

The Osmoderma species complex is here treated as five separate species (barnabita, eremita, cristinae, italica and lassallei), following Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). Distribution limits of these different forms remain poorly resolved, but for the purpose of these assessments we follow the approximate distribution limits outlined in Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). There is ongoing debate as to whether or not these forms constitute valid species, but for the purpose of this assessment we are assessing each form separately.


According to Lobl and Smetana (2006) O. barnabita is synonym of O. coriarium." 157912,Athous schurmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Athous,schurmanni,,,,,"Giuseppe & Serrano, 2003", 157914,Hylis cariniceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Hylis,cariniceps,,,,,"(Reitter, 1902)", 157916,Ampedus bouweri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,bouweri,,,,,"Schimmel , 1984",Several Elateridae experts consider this to be a synonym (simple variation) of A. balteatus therefore the status may be uncertain (B. Büche pers. comm. 2009). 157928,Callimus abdominalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Callimus,abdominalis,,,,,"(Olivier, 1795)", 157933,Lucanus tetraodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Lucanus,tetraodon,,,,,"Thunberg, 1806","This species has four subspecies: provincialis Colas, 1949, serraticornis Fairmaire, 1859, sicilianus Planet, 1899 and tetraodon Thunberg, 1806." 158465,Haddadus aramunha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Haddadus,aramunha,,,,,"Cassimiro, Verdade & Rodrigues, 2008",This species was previously within the genus Strabomantis but has been moved to the genus Haddadus (Amaro et al. 2013). 158471,Adenomera ajurauna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,ajurauna,,,,,"(Berneck, Costa & Garcia, 2008) ", 158473,Leptodactylus cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,cupreus,,,,,"Caramaschi, Feio & São-Pedro, 2008","In the Leptodactylus fuscus species group according to the original description (Caramaschi et al. 2008)." 158475,Rulyrana mcdiarmidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Rulyrana,mcdiarmidi,,,,,"(Cisneros-Heredia, Venegas, Rada, & Schulte, 2008)","

Rulyrana mcdiarmidi, R. saxiscandens, and R. flavopunctata are morphologically very similar and genetically non-monophyletic, thus it is suspected that synonyms exist and/or specimens of some subpopulations have been misidentified (S. Castroviejo-Fisher pers. comm. March 2018).

" 158476,Dendrophryniscus krausae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Dendrophryniscus,krausae,,,,,"Cruz & Fusinatto, 2008","Associated with the Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus group according to the original description (Cruz and Fusinatto 2008). 

Species in this genus are very difficult to differentiate morphologically. Because no molecular analysis has been conducted on genetic material from this species, and there are no obvious geographic barriers between it and congener D. berthalutzae, it is possible that these are synonymous (P. Garcia pers. comm. 2021). Taxonomic work is therefore needed to confirm the validity of this concept." 158477,Phasmahyla spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phasmahyla,spectabilis,,,,,"Cruz, Feio & Nascimento, 2008",

There is a taxonomic issue with this species: Phasmahyla timbo may be synonymous with P. spectabilis (D. Baêta and I. Dias pers. comm. 2021).

158478,Phasmahyla timbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phasmahyla,timbo,,,,,"Cruz, Napoli & Fonseca, 2008",There is a taxonomic issue with this species: Phasmahyla timbo may be synonymous with P. spectabilis (D. Baêta and I. Dias pers. comm. 2021). 158529,Calophlebia karschi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Calophlebia,karschi,,,,,"Selys, 1896",The female of this species is unknown. 158533,Calophlebia interposita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Calophlebia,interposita,,,,,"Ris, 1909", 158537,Physalaemus insperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,insperatus,,,,,"Cruz, Cassini & Caramaschi, 2008","In the Physalaemus olfersii species group according to the original description (Cruz et al. 2008)." 158540,Pristimantis achuar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,achuar,,,,,"Elmer & Cannatella, 2008", 158541,Pristimantis altamnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,altamnis,,,,,"Elmer & Cannatella, 2008",This species was confused with Pristimantis ockendeni prior to its naming (Elmer and Cannatella 2008). 158542,Pristimantis kichwarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,kichwarum,,,,,"Elmer & Cannatella, 2008",This species was confused with Pristimantis ockendeni prior to its naming (Elmer and Cannatella 2008). 158543,Trachycephalus dibernardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,dibernardoi,,,,,"Kwet & Solé, 2008","This species was confused with Trachycephalus imitatrix (Miranda-Ribeiro 1926) prior to its naming; however, Blotto et al. (2021) suggested that the taxonomic status of this taxon relative to Trachycephalus imitatrix requires additional study." 158544,Melanophryniscus alipioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,alipioi,,,,,"Langone, Segalla, Bornschein & de Sá, 2008", 158553,Prodasineura odzalae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,odzalae,,,,,"(Aguesse, 1966)", 158556,Cyanothemis simpsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Cyanothemis,simpsoni,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 158560,Neurogomphus angustisigna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,angustisigna,,,,,"Pinhey, 1971", 158562,Zygonyx speciosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,speciosus,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 158563,Paragomphus aureatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,aureatus,,,,,"Pinhey, 1971", 158564,Allocnemis wittei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,wittei,,,,,"(Fraser, 1955)", 158566,Pseudagrion bernardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,bernardi,,,,,"Terzani, 2001", 158568,Paragomphus abnormis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,abnormis,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)",The taxonomy of this species and its relatives in the cognatus-group is dramatic and in need of an urgent revision. 158569,Diastatomma multilineatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diastatomma,multilineatum,,,,,"Fraser, 1949", 15857,Pachysaga munggai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pachysaga,munggai,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 158570,Neurogomphus fuscifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,fuscifrons,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 158571,Nesciothemis pujoli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesciothemis,pujoli,,,,,"Pinhey, 1971","Confused with N. farinosa of eastern and southern Africa, status of the western African species requires further study." 158574,Trithemis basitincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,basitincta,,,,,"Ris, 1912","Pinhey (1970) treated a different, as yet unnamed, species from eastern Africa as T. basitincta. Many old records under this name refer to T. aconita (see Dijkstra 2007)." 158575,Micromacromia zygoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micromacromia,zygoptera,,,,,"(Ris, 1909)",Formerly placed in the genus Eothemis. 158579,Pseudagrion spinithoracicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,spinithoracicum,,,,,"Legrand, 1981", 15858,Pachysaga strobila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pachysaga,strobila,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 158580,Aethiothemis circe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,circe,,,,,"(Ris, 1910)","Genus Lokia is most likely a synonym to Aethiothemis (Dijkstra unpublished)." 158582,Tetrathemis godiardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,godiardi,,,,,"Lacroix, 1921", 158583,Onychogomphus seydeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,seydeli,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)","Concerning the taxonomy of the difficult supinus-group consult Dijkstra (2007). The taxonomy of this species requires further work to determine the correct identity of this species. It may be quirki , seydeli or styx ." 158584,Idomacromia lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idomacromia,lieftincki,,,,,"Legrand, 1984", 158587,Allocnemis subnodalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,subnodalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)","Isomecocnemis is a synonym of Chlorocnemis (Dijkstra unpubl.)." 158592,Aethiothemis erythromelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,erythromelas,,,,,"(Ris, 1910)",This species will become Aethiothemis erythromelas. 158595,Pseudagrion hemicolon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,hemicolon,,,,,"Karsch, 1899","The subspecies leonense (incorrect spelling: leonensis) is invalid, as the distinguishing character of the thoracic markings is variable (Dijkstra, unpubl.)." 158596,Neurogomphus vicinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,vicinus,,,,,"Schouteden, 1934", 158597,Elattoneura acuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,acuta,,,,,"Kimmins, 1938",Possibly all western African records follow a confusion with E. girardi. 158599,Trithemis congolica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,congolica,,,,,"Pinhey, 1970", 158600,Elattoneura centrafricana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,centrafricana,,,,,"Lindley, 1976", 158602,Neurogomphus martininus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,martininus,,,,,"(Lacroix, 1921)", 158603,Porpax garambensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Porpax,garambensis,,,,,"Pinhey, 1966", 158608,Hylodes cardosoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,cardosoi,,,,,"Lingnau, Canedo & Pombal, 2008", 158619,Chiasmocleis avilapiresae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,avilapiresae,,,,,"Peloso & Sturaro, 2008","This species is commonly misidentified in collections with Chiasmocleis bassleri and Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (P. Peloso pers. comm. 2009)." 158620,Holoaden pholeter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Holoaden,pholeter,,,,,"Pombal, Siqueira, Dorigo, Vrcibradic & Rocha, 2008", 158630,Cochlefelis insidiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cochlefelis,insidiator,,,,,"(Kailola, 2000)","There is disagreement over the nomenclature of this species.  Marceniuk and Menezes (2007) regard the species as Cochlefelis insidiator (Kailola, 2000), whereas both Kailola (2004) and Hoese and Gates (2006) place this species in Hemiarius." 158632,Salarias sinuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,sinuosus,,,,,"Snyder, 1908", 158638,Amolops assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,assamensis,,,,,"Sengupta, Hussain, Choudhury, Gogoi, Ahmed & Choudhury, 2008","Assignment to Amolops based on association of topotypic larvae that were not grown to adulthood; the generic assignment is therefore provisional (Frost 2020). Molecular analyses are expected to show that some specimens assigned to this species may belong to a different taxa, although this has not been confirmed (S. Jayaditya pers. comm. September 2020)." 15864,Pachystyla rufozonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Pachystyla,rufozonata,,,,,"Adams, 1867", 15866,Pacifastacus fortis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Pacifastacus,fortis,,,,,"(Faxon, 1914)", 15867,Pacifastacus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Pacifastacus,nigrescens,,,,,"(Stimpson, 1857)", 158697,Sympetrum haritonovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,haritonovi,,,,,"Borisov, 1983", 158699,Platycnemis kervillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,kervillei,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)","The species was first described by Martin (1909) in the genus Psilocnemis Selys, 1863 (nom. praeoccup.), then placed in Copera Kirby, 1890 by Morton (1924). Structurally it is very similar to Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) and was therefore regarded as a subspecies of the latter (St. Quentin 1964, 1965, Asahina 1973). But already Schmidt (1950, 1954) and later Dumont (1977) attributed full specific rank. The distribution of this east Mediterranean endemic overlaps in southeast Turkey and Syria (Schneider 1986, Kalkman and van Pelt 2006). Structural differences were described by Schneider (1983, 1986), Schneider and Moubayed (1985), and again by Dumont (1991). These authors also regarded both taxa as sister species." 15870,Neogobius nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Neogobius,nigricans,,,,,"(Canestrini, 1867)", 158708,Onychogomphus lefebvrii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,lefebvrii,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 158710,Paragomphus lineatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,lineatus,,,,,"(Selys, 1850)", 158714,Nihonogomphus ruptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,ruptus,,,,,"(Selys, 1857)", 158715,Anormogomphus kiritshenkoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anormogomphus,kiritshenkoi,,,,,"Bartenev, 1913", 158716,Enallagma circulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,circulatum,,,,,"Selys, 1883","The species was treated by S. Asahina as Enallagma deserti yezoensis Asahina, 1949 (junior synonym), and then as E. boreale yezoensis (Asahina, 1982). E. belyshevi Haritonov, 1975 is a junior synonym of the species (Paulson et al. 1998). E. circulatum continentale Belyshev, 1956 is a junior synonim of E. cyathigerum (Charp 1840)." 158717,Calopteryx orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,orientalis,,,,,"Selys, 1887","The status of Calopteryx orientalis is disputable. Some authors treat this taxon as a subspecies of C. splendens. C. transcaspica Bartenev, 1911 is considered by Dumont (Dumont 1996, Dumont et al. 1997) as junior synonym of Calopteryx orientalis, but Borisov (2007) gives it a full species rank. This assessment is for C. orientalis sensu stricto, without the data on C. transcaspica." 158718,Sympetrum arenicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,arenicolor,,,,,"Joedicke, 1994",The identification of pale species of Sympetrum is problematic and records predating the revision by Joedicke (1994) can not be trusted. 158725,Progomphus kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,kimminsi,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 158726,Argia yungensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,yungensis,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2007", 158727,Macrothemis hahneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,hahneli,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 158728,Andaeschna rufipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Andaeschna,rufipes,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 158729,Andinagrion garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Andinagrion,garrisoni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Muzon, 2006", 158730,Phyllocycla basidenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,basidenta,,,,,"Dunkle, 1987", 15875,Palacanthilhiopsis vervierii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Palacanthilhiopsis,vervierii,,,,,"R. Bernasconi, 1988", 15876,Paladilhia pleurotoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,pleurotoma,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1865", 15877,Paladilhia hungarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhia,hungarica,,,,,"Soos, 1927", 15880,Palaemnema chiriquita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,chiriquita,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 158807,Telebasis carmesina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,carmesina,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158808,Mecistogaster ornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mecistogaster,ornata,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 158809,Brechmorhoga praedatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,praedatrix,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 15881,Palaemnema gigantula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,gigantula,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 158810,Aphylla tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,tenuis,,,,,"Selys, 1859", 158811,Erythrodiplax pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,pallida,,,,,"(Needham, 1904)", 158812,Progomphus pijpersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,pijpersi,,,,,"Belle, 1966", 158814,Neuraeschna titania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,titania,,,,,"Belle, 1989", 158815,Progomphus herrerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,herrerae,,,,,"Needham & Etcheverry, 1956", 158816,Macrothemis tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,tenuis,,,,,"Hagen, 1868", 158818,Erythrodiplax cleopatra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,cleopatra,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 158819,Erythrodiplax maculosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,maculosa,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 15882,Palaemnema melanota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,melanota,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 158820,Progomphus nigellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,nigellus,,,,,"Belle, 1990", 158821,Minagrion waltheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Minagrion,waltheri,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 158824,Minagrion ribeiroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Minagrion,ribeiroi,,,,,"(Santos, 1962)", 158825,Erythrodiplax leticia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,leticia,,,,,"Machado, 1996", 158826,Micrathyria tibialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,tibialis,,,,,"Kirby, 1897", 158827,Acanthagrion longispinosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,longispinosum,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 158828,Phyllocycla malkini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,malkini,,,,,"Belle, 1970", 158829,Micrathyria coropinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,coropinae,,,,,"Geijskes, 1963", 15883,Palaemnema paulicoba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,paulicoba,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 158830,Acanthagrion tepuiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,tepuiense,,,,,"de Marmels, 1985", 158831,Micrathyria catenata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,catenata,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158832,Neoneura bilinearis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,bilinearis,,,,,"Selys, 1860", 158833,Argia croceipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,croceipennis,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 158834,Nephepeltia leonardina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nephepeltia,leonardina,,,,,"Rácenis, 1953", 158835,Idiogomphoides emmeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Idiogomphoides,emmeli,,,,,"Belle, 1995", 158836,Progomphus complicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,complicatus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 158838,Telebasis obsoleta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,obsoleta,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 158839,Protoneura calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,calverti,,,,,"Williamson, 1915", 15884,Palaemnema reventazoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,reventazoni,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 158840,Orthemis concolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,concolor,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 158841,Rhodopygia hinei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodopygia,hinei,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 158842,Progomphus incurvatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,incurvatus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 158843,Perithemis icteroptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,icteroptera,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 158845,Cyanogomphus waltheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyanogomphus,waltheri,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 158846,Epipleoneura manauensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,manauensis,,,,,"Santos, 1964", 158847,Micrathyria longifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,longifasciata,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158848,Epipleoneura albuquerquei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,albuquerquei,,,,,"Machado, 1964", 158849,Allopetalia reticulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Allopetalia,reticulosa,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 158850,Dimeragrion percubitale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Dimeragrion,percubitale,,,,,"Calvert, 1913", 158851,Phyllogomphoides annectens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,annectens,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 158852,Neoneura jurzitzai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,jurzitzai,,,,,"Garrison, 1999", 158853,Erythemis haematogastra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,haematogastra,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 158854,Argentagrion ambiguum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argentagrion,ambiguum,,,,,"(Ris, 1904)", 158855,Neuraeschna mina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,mina,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1930", 158856,Telebasis willinki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,willinki,,,,,"Fraser, 1948", 158857,Epipleoneura kaxuriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,kaxuriana,,,,,"Machado, 1985", 158858,Gynothemis pumila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Gynothemis,pumila,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)", 158859,Oligoclada abbreviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,abbreviata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 158860,Lestes curvatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,curvatus,,,,,"Belle, 1997", 158861,Progomphus amazonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,amazonicus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 158863,Leptagrion acutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,acutum,,,,,"Santos, 1961", 158864,Progomphus conjectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,conjectus,,,,,"Belle, 1966", 158865,Teinopodagrion vilorianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,vilorianum,,,,,"de Marmels, 2001", 158866,Lestes undulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,undulatus,,,,,"Say, 1840", 158867,Planiplax arachne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Planiplax,arachne,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 158868,Micrathyria hippolyte,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,hippolyte,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 158869,Polythore terminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,terminata,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 158870,Macrothemis heteronycha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,heteronycha,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 158871,Progomphus angeloi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,angeloi,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 158872,Erythrodiplax cauca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,cauca,,,,,"Borror, 1942",This species is likely a junior synonym of E. abjecta. 158873,Chalcopteryx rutilans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Chalcopteryx,rutilans,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 158874,Neocordulia volxemi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,volxemi,,,,,"(Selys, 1874)", 158875,Argia subapicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,subapicalis,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158876,Perithemis lais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,lais,,,,,"(Perty, 1834)", 158877,Cyanallagma bonariense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Cyanallagma,bonariense,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 158878,Argia inculta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,inculta,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 158879,Orthemis regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,regalis,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 158880,Phyllogomphoides joaquini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,joaquini,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1992", 158881,Acanthallagma luteum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthallagma,luteum,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1924", 158884,Tibiagomphus uncatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Tibiagomphus,uncatus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1947)", 158885,Erythrodiplax lygaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,lygaea,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 158887,Rhodopygia hollandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodopygia,hollandi,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 158888,Hetaerina mendezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,mendezi,,,,,"Jurzita, 1982", 158889,Idioneura ancilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Idioneura,ancilla,,,,,"Selys, 1860", 158890,Allopodagrion contortum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Allopodagrion,contortum,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1862)", 158891,Lestes urubamba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,urubamba,,,,,"Kennedy, 1942", 158893,Oligoclada monosticha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,monosticha,,,,,"Borror, 1931", 158894,Sympetrum paramo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,paramo,,,,,"de Marmels, 2001", 158895,Progomphus intricatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,intricatus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858", 158896,Micrathyria atra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,atra,,,,,"(Martin, 1897)", 158897,Nephepeltia phryne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nephepeltia,phryne,,,,,"(Perty, 1834)", 158898,Epipleoneura lamina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,lamina,,,,,"Williamson, 1915", 158899,Telebasis corallina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,corallina,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 158900,Acanthagrion kennedii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,kennedii,,,,,"Williamson, 1916", 158901,Gynacantha chelifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,chelifera,,,,,"McLachlan, 1895", 158902,Melanocacus mungo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Melanocacus,mungo,,,,,"(Needham, 1940)", 158904,Perithemis cornelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,cornelia,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 158906,Hetaerina indeprensa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,indeprensa,,,,,"Garrison, 1990", 158910,Erythrodiplax juliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,juliana,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 158912,Orthemis biolleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,biolleyi,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 158913,Micrathyria kleerekoperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,kleerekoperi,,,,,"Calvert, 1946", 158914,Staurophlebia gigantula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Staurophlebia,gigantula,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 158915,Polythore aurora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,aurora,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 158916,Phyllogomphoides pseudangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,pseudangularis,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 158917,Peristicta lizeria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,lizeria,,,,,"Navás, 1920","Description of Navas (1920) based on one male from ""Buenos Aires"" with no particular locality, too vague to establish specific identity; it could correspond to one of the other two species of Peristicta present in Argentina (P. aenoviridis or P. forceps). Never found again, type apparently lost, and species validity doubtful (Pessacq 2007)" 158919,Cyanallagma angelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Cyanallagma,angelae,,,,,"Lencioni, 2001", 158922,Neocordulia mambucabensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,mambucabensis,,,,,"Costa & Santos, 2000", 158923,Oxystigma petiolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Oxystigma,petiolatum,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 158925,Epipleoneura pereirai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,pereirai,,,,,"Machado, 1964", 158926,Peristicta gauchae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,gauchae,,,,,"Santos, 1968", 158927,Mnesarete mariana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,mariana,,,,,"Machado, 1996","Garrison (2006) considers this species as a possible junior synonym of Mnesarete guttifera, although he did not formally synonymize them pending examination of more specimens from Bahia State" 158928,Perithemis rubita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,rubita,,,,,"Dunkle, 1982", 158929,Progomphus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 15893,Palaina dohrni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,dohrni,,,,,"Smith, 1897","

The following is noted by C. Christensen (personal communication and C. Christensen, 2011, unpublished data): “Crosse (1866:  350) cited this species as “Palaina Dohrni O. Semper” without further comment, as did Pfeiffer (1876b:  23) and Kobelt (1879:  217).  Although Groombridge (1994:  118) included “Palaina dohrni” in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s list of “threatened animals,” the name remains a nomen nudum and is unavailable under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999, Rule 12). (Rundell pers.comm. 2011)



" 158931,Phyllogomphoides angularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,angularis,,,,,"Belle, 1982", 158932,Progomphus recurvatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,recurvatus,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 158933,Forcepsioneura itatiaiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Forcepsioneura,itatiaiae,,,,,"(Santos, 1970)", 158935,Micrathyria stawiarskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,stawiarskii,,,,,"Santos, 1953", 158936,Acanthallagma strohmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthallagma,strohmi,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1924", 158937,Triacanthagyna obscuripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,obscuripennis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1945)", 158938,Hetaerina curvicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,curvicauda,,,,,"Garrison, 1990", 158939,Planiplax machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Planiplax,machadoi,,,,,"Santos, 1949", 15894,Palaina doliolum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,doliolum,,,,,"von Möllendorff, 1897", 158940,Neuraeschna harpya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,harpya,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 158942,Metaleptobasis lillianae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,lillianae,,,,,"Daigle, 2004", 158943,Heteragrion erythrogastrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,erythrogastrum,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 158944,Progomphus brachycnemis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,brachycnemis,,,,,"Needham, 1944", 158945,Perilestes solutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,solutus,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1924", 158947,Erythrodiplax andagoya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,andagoya,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 158949,Rhionaeschna diffinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,diffinis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 15895,Palaina kubaryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,kubaryi,,,,,"von Möllendorff, 1897", 158950,Oxyagrion impunctatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,impunctatum,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158951,Rhodopygia cardinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodopygia,cardinalis,,,,,"(Erichson, 1848)", 158952,Argentagrion silviae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argentagrion,silviae,,,,,"Bulla, 1971", 158953,Navicordulia atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,atlantica,,,,,"Machado & Costa, 1995", 158954,Metaleptobasis bicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,bicornis,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 158955,Metaleptobasis minteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,minteri,,,,,"Daigle, 2003", 158956,Micrathyria duplicata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,duplicata,,,,,"Navás, 1922", 158958,Macrothemis lauriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,lauriana,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 158959,Lestes paulistus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,paulistus,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158960,Phyllocycla gladiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,gladiata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 158961,Zenithoptera viola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zenithoptera,viola,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 158962,Euthore meridana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,meridana,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 158963,Telebasis racenisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,racenisi,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 158964,Metaleptobasis tetragena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,tetragena,,,,,"Calvert, 1948", 158965,Leptagrion perlongum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,perlongum,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158966,Perilestes kahli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,kahli,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1924", 158968,Philogenia cassandra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,cassandra,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 15897,Palaina ovatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,ovatula,,,,,"von Möllendorff, 1897", 158970,Erythrodiplax fulva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,fulva,,,,,"Borror, 1957", 158971,Lestes helix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,helix,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 158972,Erythrodiplax ochracea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,ochracea,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 158974,Heteragrion majus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,majus,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 158975,Cora marina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,marina,,,,,"Selys, 1868", 158977,Argyrothemis argentea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Argyrothemis,argentea,,,,,"Ris, 1909", 158978,Leptagrion croceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,croceum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 158979,Oxyagrion sulinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,sulinum,,,,,"Costa, 1978", 158980,Euthore fastigiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,fastigiata,,,,,"(Selys, 1859)", 158981,Lestes dichrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,dichrostigma,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158982,Telebasis demararum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,demararum,,,,,"(Williamson, 1917)", 158983,Macrothemis hemichlora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,hemichlora,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 158984,Progomphus adaptatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,adaptatus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 158985,Neuraeschna tapajonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,tapajonica,,,,,"Machado, 2002", 158986,Lestes debellardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,debellardi,,,,,"de Marmels, 1992", 158987,Antiagrion gayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Antiagrion,gayi,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 158988,Tramea rustica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,rustica,,,,,"de Marmels & Rácenis, 1982", 158989,Perilestes attenuatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,attenuatus,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 158990,Progomphus phyllochromus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,phyllochromus,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 158991,Cyanallagma ferenigrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Cyanallagma,ferenigrum,,,,,"de Marmels, 2003", 158995,Acanthagrion chacoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,chacoense,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158996,Neogomphus bidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neogomphus,bidens,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 158998,Epipleoneura metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,metallica,,,,,"Rácenis, 1955", 158999,Teinopodagrion turikum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,turikum,,,,,"de Marmels, 2001", 159055,Navicordulia amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,amazonica,,,,,"Machado & Costa, 1995", 159058,Micrathyria divergens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,divergens,,,,,"Westfall, 1992", 159000,Perithemis parzefalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,parzefalli,,,,,"Hoffmann, 1991", 159057,Progomphus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,occidentalis,,,,,"Belle, 1983", 159001,Telebasis livida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,livida,,,,,"Kennedy, 1936", 159059,Phyllogomphoides cepheus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,cepheus,,,,,"Belle, 1980", 159002,Gomphomacromia fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Gomphomacromia,fallax,,,,,"McLachlan, 1881", 15906,Palaina taeniolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,taeniolata,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 159003,Lestes auritus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,auritus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 159004,Fylgia amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Fylgia,amazonica,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 159070,Acanthagrion adustum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,adustum,,,,,"Williamson, 1916", 159071,Orthemis nodiplaga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,nodiplaga,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 159006,Sympetrum chaconi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,chaconi,,,,,"de Marmels, 1994", 159072,Neoneura desana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,desana,,,,,"Machado, 1989", 159007,Phyllogomphoides suspectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,suspectus,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 159073,Micrathyria caerulistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,caerulistyla,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 159074,Aceratobasis cornicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aceratobasis,cornicauda,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 159009,Argia nigrior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,nigrior,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 159076,Argia bicellulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,bicellulata,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)",This is the smallest Argia species (20-23 mm). 159010,Phyllocycla sordida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,sordida,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 159077,Phyllocycla viridipleuris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,viridipleuris,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 159078,Heteragrion aurantiacum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,aurantiacum,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 159012,Platystigma buckleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,buckleyi,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1881)", 159013,Diaphlebia angustipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diaphlebia,angustipennis,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 15908,Palaina xiphidium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,xiphidium,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1897", 159014,Hetaerina gallardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,gallardi,,,,,"Machet, 1989", 159080,Phyllogomphoides pseudoundulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,pseudoundulatus,,,,,"Belle, 1984", 159015,Dasythemis mincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dasythemis,mincki,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)", 159016,Neoneura fulvicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,fulvicollis,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 159082,Cannaphila vibex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Cannaphila,vibex,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 159017,Epipotoneura nehalennia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipotoneura,nehalennia,,,,,"Williamson, 1915", 159083,Progomphus maculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,maculatus,,,,,"Belle, 1984", 159084,Macrothemis flavescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,flavescens,,,,,"(Kirby, 1897)", 159019,Hetaerina sempronia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,sempronia,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 159085,Protoneura tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,tenuis,,,,,"Selys, 1860", 159086,Planiplax erythropyga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Planiplax,erythropyga,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 159020,Ebegomphus schroederi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ebegomphus,schroederi,,,,,"(Belle, 1970)", 159087,Micrathyria artemis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,artemis,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 159021,Acanthagrion truncatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,truncatum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 159088,Hetaerina majuscula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,majuscula,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 159089,Sympetrum evanescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,evanescens,,,,,"de Marmels, 1992", 159023,Diastatops pullata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,pullata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 159024,Teinopodagrion meridionale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,meridionale,,,,,"de Marmels, 2001", 159025,Phyllocycla baria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,baria,,,,,"Belle, 1987", 159091,Heteragrion triangulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,triangulare,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 159026,Phyllogomphoides andromeda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,andromeda,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 159092,Diastatops dimidiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,dimidiata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 159027,Mnesarete guttifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,guttifera,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 159093,Ischnura fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,fluviatilis,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 159028,Epigomphus paludosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,paludosus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854", 159094,Erythemis carmelita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,carmelita,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 159029,Micrathyria spinifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,spinifera,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 159095,Aphylla theodorina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,theodorina,,,,,"(Navás, 1933)", 15903,Palaina scalarina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,scalarina,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1897", 159096,Aphylla brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,brasiliensis,,,,,"Belle, 1970", 159030,Micrathyria spuria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,spuria,,,,,"(Selys, 1900)", 159097,Allopodagrion erinys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Allopodagrion,erinys,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 159098,Metaleptobasis foreli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,foreli,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 159032,Antiagrion blanchardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Antiagrion,blanchardi,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 159033,Aphylla barbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,barbata,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 159034,Acanthagrion inexpectum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,inexpectum,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 15910,Palaua babelthuapi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Palaua,babelthuapi,,,,,"Baker, 1971", 159035,Epipleoneura fuscaenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,fuscaenea,,,,,"Williamson, 1915", 159100,Mesoleptobasis incus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesoleptobasis,incus,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 159036,Anisagrion inornatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Anisagrion,inornatum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 159101,Andaeschna timotocuica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Andaeschna,timotocuica,,,,,"de Marmels, 1994", 159037,Palaemnema orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,orientalis,,,,,"de Marmels, 1989", 159102,Argia huanacina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,huanacina,,,,,"Förster, 1914", 159038,Perilestes gracillimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,gracillimus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1941", 159039,Aphylla brevipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,brevipes,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 159104,Heteragrion makiritare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,makiritare,,,,,"de Marmels, 2004", 159105,Oxyagrion bruchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,bruchi,,,,,"Navás, 1924", 159040,Telebasis garleppi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,garleppi,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 159106,Perithemis electra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,electra,,,,,"Ris, 1930", 159042,Rhionaeschna galapagoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,galapagoensis,,,,,"(Currie, 1901)", 159108,Cyanallagma interruptum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Cyanallagma,interruptum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 159043,Mnesarete smaragdina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,smaragdina,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 159109,Rhionaeschna planaltica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,planaltica,,,,,"(Calvert, 1952)",Was included in R. cornigera (Aeshna cornigera) until von Ellenrieder (2003). 159044,Telebasis rubricauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,rubricauda,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 15911,Palaua margaritacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Palaua,margaritacea,,,,,"(C.G. Semper, no date)", 159110,Perissolestes cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,cornutus,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 159046,Zonophora regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,regalis,,,,,"Belle, 1976", 159111,Oxyagrion miniopsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,miniopsis,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 159047,Archaeogomphus hamatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Archaeogomphus,hamatus,,,,,"(Williamson, 1918)", 159112,Micrathyria pseudhypodidyma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,pseudhypodidyma,,,,,"Costa, Lourenço & Viera, 2002", 159048,Neoneura lucas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,lucas,,,,,"Machado, 2002", 159113,Misagria bimacula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Misagria,bimacula,,,,,"Kimmins, 1943", 159049,Erythrodiplax acantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,acantha,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 159114,Telebasis simulacrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,simulacrum,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 159115,Progomphus costalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,costalis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854", 159050,Macrothemis brevidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,brevidens,,,,,"Belle, 1983", 159116,Phyllocycla pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,pallida,,,,,"Belle, 1970", 159051,Erythrodiplax diversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,diversa,,,,,"(Navás, 1916)", 159117,Oxystigma williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Oxystigma,williamsoni,,,,,"Geijkes, 1976", 159052,Tuberculobasis inversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,inversa,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 159118,Erythrodiplax paraguayensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,paraguayensis,,,,,"(Förster, 1905)", 159053,Minagrion mecistogastrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Minagrion,mecistogastrum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 159119,Staurophlebia bosqi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Staurophlebia,bosqi,,,,,"Navás, 1927", 159060,Acanthagrion cuyabae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,cuyabae,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 159061,Erythrodiplax nivea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,nivea,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 159062,Macrothemis idalia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,idalia,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 159121,Epipleoneura capilliformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,capilliformis,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 159064,Elga newtonsantosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elga,newtonsantosi,,,,,"Machado, 1992", 159065,Palaemnema lorena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,lorena,,,,,"Kennedy, 1942", 159066,Antiagrion grinbergsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Antiagrion,grinbergsi,,,,,"Jurzitza, 1974", 159067,Leptagrion macrurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,macrurum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 159068,Zenithoptera fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zenithoptera,fasciata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 159069,Hetaerina hebe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,hebe,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 15913,Palaua ngarduaisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Palaua,ngarduaisi,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 15914,Palaua straminea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Palaua,straminea,,,,,"(C.G. Semper, no date)", 15915,Palaua wilsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Palaua,wilsoni,,,,,"(C.G. Semper, no date)", 15920,Palikirus cosmetus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Palikirus,cosmetus,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 15921,Palikirus ponapicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Palikirus,ponapicus,,,,,"Möllendorff, 1900", 15922,Palline micramyla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Palline,micramyla,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 15925,Palpopleura albifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palpopleura,albifrons,,,,,"Legrand, 1979", 15926,Paludinella semperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Paludinella,semperi,,,,,"Thiele, 1927",Treated by some authors under Family Assimineidae. 15927,Paludinella conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Paludinella,conica,,,,,"(Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894)",Treated by some authors under Family Assimineidae. 15928,Paludinella minima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Paludinella,minima,,,,,"Habe, 1942",Treated by some authors under Family Assimineidae. 15929,Paludinella vitrea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Paludinella,vitrea,,,,,"Thiele, 1927",Treated by some authors under Family Assimineidae. 15930,Paludiscala caramba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Paludiscala,caramba,,,,,"Taylor, 1966", 15944,Pangasianodon gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasianodon,gigas,,,,,"Chevey, 1931", 15945,Pangasius sanitwongsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,sanitwongsei,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 15946,Panoquina errans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Panoquina,errans,,,,,"(Skinner, 1892)", 15971,Panulena perrugosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Panulena,perrugosa,,,,,"Iredale, 1945", 159763,Thermoniphas distincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thermoniphas,distincta,,,,,"(Talbot, 1935)", 159766,Mimacraea skoptoles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Mimacraea,skoptoles,,,,,"Druce, 1907",This genus was recently revised by Libert (2000). 159772,Baliochila hildegarda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Baliochila,hildegarda,,,,,"(Kirby, 1887)",This butterfly is from one of three genera in a genus group that was revised recently by Henning and Henning (2004). No subspecies have been described for this species. 159780,Lepidochrysops barnesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,barnesi,,,,,"Pennington, 1953", 159781,Azanus isis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Azanus,isis,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 159787,Hewitsonia congoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hewitsonia,congoensis,,,,,"Joicey & Talbot, 1921","This species used to be considered a subspecies of Hewitsonia boisduvalii with which it is sympatric in the most western parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (Bouyer 1997)." 159794,Catuna oberthueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Catuna,oberthueri,,,,,"Karsch, 1894", 159804,Geritola goodii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Geritola,goodii,,,,,"(Holland, 1890)",

This genus falls into the genus group that was recently revised by Libert (1999).

15981,Papilio aristophontes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,aristophontes,,,,,"Oberthür, 1897", 159810,Pseudaletis arrhon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudaletis,arrhon,,,,,"Druce, 1913","It is likely to be a valid species since there are no indications that it might be an aberration. The genus was recently revised by Michel Libert who examined the quasi-totality of voucher material in public and private collections: about 70% of all are in the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi (Libert 2007)." 159818,Ornipholidotos francisci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,francisci,,,,,"Libert, 2005", 159820,Neptis larseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,larseni,,,,,"Wojtusiak & Pyrcz, 1997","This endemic island species is derived from the common mainland butterfly Neptis serena, though it is now well differentiated. There are no formally recognized subspecies for the taxon." 159824,Liptena praestans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Liptena,praestans,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1901)","This species was described as being from Sierra Leone but this is considered patria falsa by Larsen (2005), since none has since been collected between Sierra Leone and southern Cameroon. One record from Côte d’Ivoire is certainly just a misidentification." 15983,Papilio benguetanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,benguetanus,,,,,"Joicey & Talbot, 1923", 159849,Lipaphnaeus loxura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lipaphnaeus,loxura,,,,,"(Rebel, 1914)", 15985,Papilio carolinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,carolinensis,,,,,"Jumalon, 1967", 159859,Euptera dorothea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euptera,dorothea,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1904","This species is split into the two subspecies E. d. dorothea and E. dorothea warrengashi." 15986,Papilio chikae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,chikae,,,,,"Igarashi, 1965","This species has two subspecies, the nominate subspecies and subspecies P. c. hermeli Nuyda 1992 (Page and Treadaway 2003)." 159865,Hypolycaena auricostalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypolycaena,auricostalis,,,,,"(Butler, 1897)","This species has the two subspecies, H. a. auricostalis and H. auricostalis frommi. The Tanzanian subspecies name frommi may be redundant (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2008)." 159870,Pilodeudorix catori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pilodeudorix,catori,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1903",Synonyms: Hypokopelates or Deudorix anettae – usually including ssp. anetia [a valid species] 159883,Abisara rutherfordii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,RIODINIDAE,Abisara,rutherfordii,,,,,"Hewitson, 1874","This species has three subspecies: A. r. rutherfordii, A. rutherfordii cyclops and A. rutherfordii herwigii." 159894,Teriomima williami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Teriomima,williami,,,,,"Henning & Henning, 2004","

In the revision by Henning and Henning (2004) of the Teriomima Kirby genus group the authors added a seventh species, T. williami, to the six already described Teriomima species. Teriomima williami was described from two forests in southern Mozambique, Dondo in Sofala Province and Amatongas in Manica Province. However, taxonomic work is still required to check the specific status of T. williami to its close allies T. zuluana, T. puella and T. puellaris.

" 15990,Papilio grosesmithi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,grosesmithi,,,,,"Rothschild, 1926",There are no subspecies of this species. 15992,Papilio homerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,homerus,,,,,"Fabricius, 1793", 159925,Ancema anysis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ancema,anysis,,,,,"Hewitson, 1865","

No subspecies have been described. Vane-Wright and de Jong (2003) have adopted the genus name Dacalana rather than Ancema.

" 159927,Arhopala cleander,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Arhopala,cleander,,,,,"(Felder, 1860)",Ten subspecies were recognised by Evans (1957). 159930,Cymothoe consanguis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,consanguis,,,,,"Aurivillius, 1896","There are no formally recognized subspecies for this taxon, nor are there any widely used synonyms." 15994,Papilio jordani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,jordani,,,,,"Fruhstorfer, 1902", 159944,Aloeides mullini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,mullini,,,,,"Henning & Henning, 1996 ", 159947,Lepidochrysops kitale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,kitale,,,,,"(Stempffer, 1936)",

This taxon is usually considered a subspecies of Lepidochrysops cinerea (Bethune-Baker 1923). However it was raised it to species rank since there are slight differences in the form of the valves and the two taxa are strongly disjunt.

15995,Papilio leucotaenia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,leucotaenia,,,,,"Rothschild, 1908",This species has no subspecies. 159953,Uranothauma antinorii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Uranothauma,antinorii,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1883)","This butterfly has no recent synonyms but has three subspecies; the nominate, ssp. bamendanus, and ssp. felthami." 159958,Belenois rubrosignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,rubrosignata,,,,,"Weymer, 1901","The nominate subspecies was described from Angola and is found also in Zambia and southern DRC. A further subspecies (ssp. kongwana) occurs in Malawi, much of eastern Tanzania, Uganda and southern Kenya. Ssp. peeli is also recorded from Somalia, but this appears to be biogeographically anomalous. It has been suggested that ssp. peeli may simply represent a dry season form of the nominate subspecies (D'Abrera 1997). Therefore, the taxonomy of this subspecies remains uncertain." 15996,Papilio mangoura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,mangoura,,,,,"Hewitson, 1875",This species has no known subspecies. 15997,Papilio manlius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,manlius,,,,,"Fabricius, 1798",There are no known subspecies of this species. 159972,Pentila picena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pentila,picena,,,,,"Hewitson, 1874","Three subspecies are described for this butterfly but some sources consider the variation best described as a cline and not in subspecific terms (Larsen 2005).

A pair of specimens in ABRI from Taï National Park in Côte d’Ivoire is ochreous rather than creamy. The male forewing apical patch is strongly developed and the underside is of the ssp. cydaria pattern with postdiscal spots. The genitalia are of the Pentila picena type, with minor differences. If constant in western Côte d’Ivoire, it represents a new subspecies – or even species – but with a single pair and no real difference in genitalia, it is not yet formally recognized." 15998,Papilio maraho,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,maraho,,,,,"(Shiraki & Sonan, 1934)","This species was previously regarded as a subspecies of Papilio elwesi, a very similar species found on mainland China (Collins and Morris 1985)." 159981,Euthalia dirtea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euthalia,dirtea,,,,,"Fabricius, 1793",

Numerous subspecies have been described.

159983,Paradeudorix eleala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Paradeudorix,eleala,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1865)","This butterfly has the three subspecies Paradeudorix eleala eleala, P. eleala viridis and P. eleala parallela. The subspecies P. eleala cufadana is also used by some but is probably a junior synonym of ssp. parallela (Larsen 2005)." 159984,Iridana nigeriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iridana,nigeriana,,,,,"Stempffer, 1964", 15999,Papilio maroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,maroni,,,,,"Moreau, 1923", 160001,Liptena tiassale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Liptena,tiassale,,,,,"Stempffer, 1969", 160002,Pseudaletis melissae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudaletis,melissae,,,,,"Collins & Libert, 2007",This species was only described in 2007 following a revision of the genus (Libert 2007). 160070,Cymothoe weymeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,weymeri,,,,,"Suffert, 1904","Two subspecies are formally recognized for this taxon: Cymothoe weymeri weymeri Suffert, 1904 and  C. weymeri mulatta Belcastro, 1990." 160075,Mylothris asphodelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,asphodelus,,,,,"Butler, 1888", 16001,Papilio morondavana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,morondavana,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1891", 160012,Charaxes phoebus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,phoebus,,,,,"Butler, 1866", 160013,Aslauga latifurca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aslauga,latifurca,,,,,"Cottrell, 1981", 160016,Lachnocnema sosia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lachnocnema,sosia,,,,,"Libert, 1996",This butterfly was described by Libert as recently as 1996 and is difficult to identify with certainty. 160082,Lepidochrysops delicata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,delicata,,,,,"(Bethune-Baker, 1923)", 160084,Stempfferia badura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Stempfferia,badura,,,,,"(Kirby, 1890)",This genus is part of the genus group Epitola that was recently revised (Libert 1999). It occurs in two subspecies. 16002,Papilio neumoegeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,neumoegeni,,,,,"Honrath, 1890", 160090,Hypochrysops digglesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypochrysops,digglesi,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1874)",This species was included in the genus Pseudodipsas until Sands (1971) established its association with Hypochrysops (W.J. Tennent and C.J. Tennent pers. comm. 2008). 16003,Papilio osmana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,osmana,,,,,"Jumalon, 1967","This species has two subspecies, the nominate subspecies and subspecies P. o. cabale (Savela 2010, Page and Treadaway 2003)." 160098,Pseudathyma martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudathyma,martini,,,,,"Collins, 2002", 160038,Ornipholidotos ghesquierei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,ghesquierei,,,,,"Libert, 2005","There are no formally recognized subspecies for this taxon, nor are there any widely used synonyms." 16004,Papilio phorbanta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,phorbanta,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1771",There was one subspecies which is thought to be now extinct (Collins and Morris 1985): Papilio phorbanta nana (Oberthür). 160041,Anthene kersteni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,kersteni,,,,,"(Gerstaecker, 1871)","Kersten's Ciliate Blue is closely related to the common species Anthene larydas which is distributed across equatorial and west Africa. It is suggested by M. Libert (pers. comm.) that this butterfly may in fact be a subspecies of A. larydas. However, this does not affect the assessment as both taxa are clearly Least Concern." 160109,Charaxes bocqueti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,bocqueti,,,,,"Minig, 1975","This butterfly has the two subspecies C. b. bocqueti and C. bocqueti oubanguiensis. The taxonomy of the “black Charaxes” is always uncertain and the status of ssp. oubanguiensis is not clear." 16011,Favonigobius melanobranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Favonigobius,melanobranchus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)",Appeared in IUCN Red Lists before 2008 under the generic name Papillogobius. 160111,Thermoniphas stempfferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thermoniphas,stempfferi,,,,,"Clench, 1961", 160116,Iolaus carolinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,carolinae,,,,,"Collins & Larsen, 2000","This species is most closely related to the common I. menas of the drier northern savannahs (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2008)." 160129,Liptena turbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Liptena,turbata,,,,,"(Kirby, 1890)","Records for Côte d'Ivoire in Ackery et al. (1995) are based on misidentification of material belonging to Liptena similis (Larsen 2005)." 160134,Liptena xanthostola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Liptena,xanthostola,,,,,"(Holland, 1890)", 160145,Aphnaeus argyrocyclus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aphnaeus,argyrocyclus,,,,,"Holland, 1890", 160159,Iolaus paneperata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,paneperata,,,,,"Druce, 1890", 160177,Anthene pitmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,pitmani,,,,,"Stempffer, 1936","There are no recently or widely used synonyms. There are two suggested subspecies currently recognised, the more widely distributed nominate subspecies and ssp. somalina found in Somaliland." 160194,Eresiomera bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Eresiomera,bicolor,,,,,"(Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890)", 160200,Euptera ducarmei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euptera,ducarmei,,,,,"Collins, 1998", 160209,Toxochitona ankole,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Toxochitona,ankole,,,,,"Stempffer, 1967","The genus, with very characteristic genitalia, is currently considered to consist of four species. However, a fifth species seems to be present as well and its relationship to the others is uncertain (dissections performed with a view on checking material from Nigeria by Larsen)." 160214,Neptis melicerta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,melicerta,,,,,"Drury, 1773", 160226,Tuxentius margaritaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tuxentius,margaritaceus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892) ",This species was formerly included in the genus Castalius. The Nigeria/Cameroon population is particularly isolated and may possibly be a distinct species. 160229,Cymothoe haynae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,haynae,,,,,"Dewitz, 1887", 160244,Cymothoe eris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,eris,,,,,"Aurivillius, 1896", 160251,Pontia daplidice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pontia,daplidice,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This butterfly (known as P. daplidice for the last 250 years) was recently separated into two species: P. daplidice and P. edusa Fabricius, 1777 (Geiger et al. 1988), but the latter is currently considered to be a subspecies of the former (Porter et al. 1997; Honey and Scoble 2001). Nominotypical daplidice occurs throughout northwest Africa, the Iberian peninsula, Corsica, Sardinia and northwest Europe (occurs occasionally in the UK as an infrequent migrant/vagrant). P. daplidice edusa occurs in northwest France, and Italy eastwards, with a hybrid zone in northwest Italy. The taxa were separated by electrophoretic analysis and cannot be separated with any degree of certainty on external morphology." 160256,Iolaus newporti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,newporti,,,,,"Larsen, 1994","The male genitalia clearly demonstrate that it is a valid species, but males are also easily identified from external features." 160275,Charaxes grahamei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,grahamei,,,,,"van Someren, 1969", 160276,Hypolycaena nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypolycaena,nigra,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1914", 160278,Symbrenthia hypatia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Symbrenthia,hypatia,,,,,"Wallace, 1869",Four insular subspecies have been described. 160289,Stugeta carpenteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Stugeta,carpenteri,,,,,"Stempffer, 1946", 160307,Bicyclus jefferyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,jefferyi,,,,,"Fox, 1963", 16032,Papuexul bidwilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Papuexul,bidwilli,,,,,"(Reeve, 1853)", 160335,Papilio cyproeofila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,cyproeofila,,,,,"Butler, 1868 ","There are two confirmed subspecies of this butterfly, the nominate and ssp. praecyola, which intergrade in eastern Nigeria. The ssp. filaprae Suffert, 1904 from southern Cameroon, Gabon, and parts of the DRC is of uncertain status and the proposed ssp. fernandus on Bioko is better classified as a distinct species (Larsen 2005). Classification of ssp. praecyola as a ssp. of Papilio fernandus Fruhstorfer, 1903 is widely believed to be incorrect due to major morphological differences between the two." 160339,Euploea core,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,core,,,,,"Cramer, 1780","Ackery & Vane-Wright (1984: 55) commented on the fact that E. core, with which a large number of names have historically been associated across a wide geographical range (including Australia and further east into the Pacific), was not clearly defined. Modern opinion suggests that many of what were previously considered races of E. core are distinct species, or subspecies of other Euploea species (eg. E. charox Cramer, 1780)." 160345,Graphium taboranus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,taboranus,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1886)", 160346,Hypophytala reducta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypophytala,reducta,,,,,"(Aurivillius, 1923)", 160349,Papilio echerioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,echerioides,,,,,"Trimen, 1868 ","Fourteen subspecies have been described, listed below. It should be noted that ssp. zoroastres is isolated in Bioko and the Cameroon highlands: it was described as a distinct species and given the huge disjunction may actually deserve species status, but most authors presently treat it as subspecies.

Papilio echerioides oscari, Rothschild, 1902

Papilio echerioides zoroastres, Druce, 1878

Papilio echerioides wertheri, Karsch, 1898,

Papilio echerioides shirensis, Hancock, 1987,

Papilio echerioides pseudowertheri, Kielland, 1990,

Papilio echerioides nyiro, Carcasson, 1962,

Papilio echerioides leucospilus, Rothschild, 1902,

Papilio echerioides nioka, Hancock, 1989,

Papilio echerioides kiellandi, Clifton & Collins, 1997,

Papilio echerioides joiceyi, Gabriel, 1945,

Papilio echerioides homeyeri, Plötz, 1880,

Papilio echerioides ambangulu, Clifton & Collins, 1997,

Papilio echerioides chirindanus, van Son, 1956,

Papilio echerioides echerioides, Trimen, 1868.

" 160353,Euphaedra crossei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,crossei,,,,,"Sharpe, 1902","This butterfly is split into the two subspecies E. c. crossei and E. crossei akani." 160357,Megalopalpus simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Megalopalpus,simplex,,,,,"Röber, 1886","The taxonomic status of this butterfly in relation to Megalopalpus zymna is not clear. Some authors treat the two as distinct species, others as subspecies of the latter. The taxon included as M. simplex is small and has a light underside compared to the brown of M. zymna and appears to be the only morph that flies in Tanzania and Uganda." 160360,Hipparchia statilinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,statilinus,,,,,"Hüfnagel, 1766","A number of subspecies have been defined, but the validity of many of these is uncertain because of the reliance of the species on cryptic colouration and the large amount of variation in this colouration, in response to substrate colouration, between and within subpopulations (W.J. Tennent pers. comm. 2008)." 160371,Bicyclus smithi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,smithi,,,,,"Aurivillius, 1899","This butterfly has three subspecies, B. s. smithi, B. smithi eurypterus and B. smithi fernandina." 160398,Neoepitola barombiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Neoepitola,barombiensis,,,,,"(Kirby, 1890)",There are no described subspecies for this little known species. 160408,Cyrestis themire,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cyrestis,themire,,,,,"Honrath, 1884",Several subspecies have been described across the species’ wide geographical range. 160413,Eresiomera ouesso,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Eresiomera,ouesso,,,,,"(Stempffer, 1962)","Collins and Larsen (1998) reviewed the extensive material of Eresiomera held by the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. They described three new species. They also found two Cameroon males that seemed close to Eresiomera ouesso, but there were minor differences in both morphology and in the configuration of the genitalia and a definite conclusion was not possible." 160419,Lachnocnema luna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lachnocnema,luna,,,,,"Druce, 1910",Older records of the species are not trustworthy because of much recent revisionary work on the genus by Libert (1996). 160432,Cymothoe zenkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,zenkeri,,,,,"Richelmann, 1913",There are no formally recognized subspecies for this taxon. 160437,Tuxentius carana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tuxentius,carana,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1876)","Two weakly differentiated subspecies are recognised: Tuxentius carana carana Hewitson, 1876 and Tuxentius carana kontu Karsch, 1893." 160442,Euphaedra delera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,delera,,,,,"Hecq, 1989", 160448,Mylothris continua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,continua,,,,,"Talbot, 1944","Whether all populations of this species are genuinely conspecific remains to be ascertained by DNA analysis. The type locality is Mabira Forest in Uganda and the populations in western Kenya and northwestern Tanzania all belong to this species sensu stricto. Those in Kivu Province in the DRC probably also belong to this species sensu stricto, while records from Congo and Cameroon might be different. Material resembling Mylothris continua in Ghana would be a distinct species." 160457,Bicyclus sweadneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,sweadneri,,,,,"Fox, 1963", 160465,Euptera ituriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euptera,ituriensis,,,,,"Libert, 1998", 160466,Ideopsis vulgaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ideopsis,vulgaris,,,,,"(Butler, 1874)",Several subspecies have been described. 160472,Pseudaletis dolieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudaletis,dolieri,,,,,"Collins & Libert, 2007",This species was described recently following Libert's revision of the genus (2007). 160473,Uranothauma delatorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Uranothauma,delatorum,,,,,"Heron, 1909", 160475,Ornipholidotos etoumbi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,etoumbi,,,,,"Stempffer, 1967", 160477,Iolaus hemicyanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,hemicyanus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1904","

This species has three subspecies: Iolaus hemicyanus hemicyanus, I. hemicyanus barbara and I. hemicyanus barnsi.

" 160493,Erebia aethiopellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,aethiopellus,,,,,"(Hoffmannsegg, 1806)", 160498,Alaena brainei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Alaena,brainei,,,,,"Vári, 1976", 160509,Pieris brassicoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pieris,brassicoides,,,,,"Guérin-Méneville, 1849","This is a very unusual element of the Afrotropical fauna since it belongs to a wholly western Palaearctic genus and seems to be derived from P. deota in the Himalaya of India. It has two subspecies. The nominate subspecies is common in the Ethiopian highlands whilst the subspecies marghanita is very rarely encountered in the northern Tanzanian highlands." 160511,Abisara delicata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,RIODINIDAE,Abisara,delicata,,,,,"Lathy, 1901","Three subspecies have been proposed (A. delicata delicata, A. delicata tanzania, A. delicata zanzibarica)." 160515,Liptena modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Liptena,modesta,,,,,"(Kirby, 1890)","

Records from west of the Dahomey Gap are misidentified females of Liptena helena (Larsen 2005). 

" 160519,Euphaedra themis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,themis,,,,,"Hübner, 1807","Some of the western specimens pertain to the composita­-form, which might be a distinct species or a morph of the same species. The taxonomy of these species is still in flux. It cannot be treated as a subspecies since it is sympatric with E. themis throughout and is just possibly a distinct species. It will need close study in an area of sympatry to be sure (Larsen 2005)." 160526,Citrinophila unipunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Citrinophila,unipunctata,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1908", 160548,Torbenia larseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Torbenia,larseni,,,,,"(Stempffer, 1969)","The species was originally described in 1969 after a few Nigerian specimens and a female from Côte d’Ivoire (the latter subsequently reassigned to Torbenia wojtusiaki as have all other similar material from west of the Dahomey Gap). Therefore, the genus revision confirmed that the species is found only east of the Dahomey Gap (Libert 2005)." 160550,Iolaus likpe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,likpe,,,,,"Collins & Larsen, 2003", 160557,Ornipholidotos goodgerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,goodgerae,,,,,"Libert, 2000",This species was described only in 2005 following Libert's revision of the genus (Libert 2005). 160559,Charaxes alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,alpinus,,,,,"van Someren & Jackson, 1957", 160576,Aslauga prouvosti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aslauga,prouvosti,,,,,"Libert & Bouyer, 1997","Specimens recently collected in Ghana and Guinea probably comprise one or more different species (M. Libert pers. comm. 2008). The assessment is therefore based on A. prouvosti sensu stricto as in the original description." 160590,Erebia cassioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,cassioides,,,,,"(Reiner & Hochenwarth, 1792)", 160593,Cymothoe caenis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,caenis,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)","There are no formally recognized subspecies for this taxon, nor are there any widely used synonyms." 160595,Pseudochazara cingovskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,cingovskii,,,,,"Gross, 1973", 160607,Micropentila adelgitha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Micropentila,adelgitha,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1874)", 160612,Anthene juba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,juba,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 160614,Charaxes etheocles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,etheocles,,,,,"(Cramer, 1777)","This butterfly has the four subspecies C. e. etheocles, C. etheocles carpenteri, C. etheocles evansi and C. etheocles ochracea." 160618,Euphaedra eupalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,eupalus,,,,,"Fabricius, 1781", 160629,Neomyrina nivea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Neomyrina,nivea,,,,,"Godman & Salvin, 1878",

At least three subspecies have been described.

160633,Tarucus legrasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tarucus,legrasi,,,,,"Stempffer, 1948", 160640,Hewitsonia beryllina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hewitsonia,beryllina,,,,,"Schultze, 1916","The relationship of this species to Hewitsonia bitjeana from southern Cameroon is disputed. Bouyer (1997) considers them a single species for which the latter name would take precedence (Bouyer now tends to consider beryllina a western subspecies (pers. comm.)). Larsen (2005) considers them two species. However, very few records exist (five or six in all) for either taxon." 160641,Arhopala agesias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Arhopala,agesias,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1862)","There is some uncertainty over the taxonomic status of the very similar forest butterfly Arhopala similis Druce, 1895, which shares the distribution of A. agesias. Rather than comprising a discrete species, it is suggested that A. similis instead represents a morph of the latter." 160646,Falcuna leonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Falcuna,leonensis,,,,,"Stempffer & Bennett, 1963", 160654,Obania subvariegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Obania,subvariegata,,,,,"(Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1890)", 160659,Junonia touhilimasa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,touhilimasa,,,,,"Vuillot, 1892", 16067,Paracyclopia naessi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,PSEUDOCYCLOPIIDAE,Paracyclopia,naessi,,,,,"Fosshagen, 1985", 160675,Pilodeudorix leonina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pilodeudorix,leonina,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1904","This butterfly consists of the following three subspecies: P. leonina leonina, P. leonina dimitris and P. leonina indentata." 160685,Delias rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Delias,rosenbergi,,,,,"(Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865)",

Four subspecies have been described. Vane-Wright & de Jong (2003) suggested that the relationship of rosenbergi to its congenors mitisi Staudinger and hyparete Linnaeus was unclear.

160696,Euthecta cooksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Euthecta,cooksoni,,,,,"Bennett, 1954","

This genus (along with other members of the Teriomima group) was revised by Henning and Henning (2004). There are three described subspecies for this butterfly, the nominate, ssp. subgrisea and ssp. marginata. However, the taxonomy of this genus is difficult, the species are small and the Teriomima group often lack morphological characters to distinguish them. The two northern subspecies are at least 800 km from the southern population, the nominate, and the Zambezi river would act as a barrier between the north and the south. It is very likely that more than one species is involved. The taxonomic status must be viewed with caution until more detailed work, including DNA samples, can be done.

" 16070,Paradiaptomus natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Paradiaptomus,natalensis,,,,,"(Cooper, 1906)", 160705,Spindasis tavetensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Spindasis,tavetensis,,,,,"Lathy, 1906","Heath (1997) synonymized Spindasis with Apharitis, while Williams (2002) lumps both Spindasis and Apharitis into Cigaritis. Larsen (2005), in his Butterflies of West Africa, maintains the three seperate genera." 160717,Delias luctuosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Delias,luctuosa,,,,,"Jordan, 1911",

A number of subspecies have been described from specific mountain ranges.

160742,Colotis protomedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,protomedia,,,,,"(Klug, 1829)", 160745,Belenois anomala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,anomala,,,,,"(Butler, 1881)",There are no subspecies described for this butterfly. 160748,Pseudaletis ducarmei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudaletis,ducarmei,,,,,"Libert, 2007", 160774,Euphaedra plantroui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,plantroui,,,,,"Hecq, 1981",The possibility that it is a “phantom species” cannot be ruled out and is becoming increasingly probable since no other specimens are known to have turned up. 160787,Spindasis kutu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Spindasis,kutu,,,,,"Corbet, 1940","No subspecies have been described. It has been confused with Spindasis lohita Horsfield, 1829, leading to confusion over its distribution. S. lohita is more widespread than this species and is found across Southeast Asia from India through to Java, whilst this species is limited to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and possibly Sumatra." 160797,Ornipholidotos gemina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,gemina,,,,,"Libert, 2000","This butterfly has two subspecies, the nominate and ssp. fournierae." 160798,Epitola urania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Epitola,urania,,,,,"Kirby, 1887 ",

The genera formerly included in the genus Epitola were recently revised by Libert (1999).

160809,Telipna semirufa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Telipna,semirufa,,,,,"(Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1889)","There are several uncertainties over the identification of certain records of this taxon:

Larsen (2005) believes records from Volta and Togo are misidentifications of Telipna maesseni (the characters given in its description are not always clear) and that records from western Nigeria are in error for T. acraea without a red subapical patch, which do occur as rarities.

Furthermore, Libert (2005) divides the taxon into two subspecies: semirufa (= maesseni) from Togo, Ghana and Abengourou region in Côte d’Ivoire; and ivoiriensis from Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia and Guinea.

However, it is now widely agreed that T. maesseni is a junior synonym to the senior synonym T. semirufa. Therefore, the only part of the distribution in which the taxonomy is still considered uncertain is that in Togo and Nigeria." 160810,Sevenia umbrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Sevenia,umbrina,,,,,"(Karsch, 1892)", 16083,Paradoxa confirmata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,BUCCINIDAE,Paradoxa,confirmata,,,,,"Fernandes & Rolan, 1990", 160837,Capys alpheus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Capys,alpheus,,,,,"(Cramer, [1777])","Two subspecies are recognised: the nominate subspecies and Capys alpheus ssp. extentus." 16084,Paradoxa thomensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,BUCCINIDAE,Paradoxa,thomensis,,,,,"Fernandes & Rolan, 1990", 160849,Leptomyrina sudanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptomyrina,sudanica,,,,,"Stempffer, 1964","It may simply be an aberration of Leptomyrina gorgias, which goes into the dry zone of Kenya. Identification of species within the genus is not always easy. It has not been possible to inspect the holotype (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2008)." 160852,Hipparchia powelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,powelli,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1910)","Until recently, most authors included this butterfly in the genus Neohipparchia (Tennent 1996, Tolman 1997, etc.), now commonly downgraded to the rank of subgenus. The butterfly has also been regarded by some authors as a subspecies of the very variable Hipparchia (Neohipparchia) hansii, to which it bears a superficial similarity; however, this butterfly's diagnostic features are constant and external morphology suggests that it is a distinct species. There is not much known about Powell's Grayling because it has only recently been split from Austaut's Grayling (Hipparchia hansii)." 160856,Larinopoda lircaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Larinopoda,lircaea,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1866)",There are no described subspecies for this butterfly. 160863,Neptis vingerhoedti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,vingerhoedti,,,,,"Pierre-Baltus, 2003","This species is only known from a single specimen caught at Kigour Forest, DRC. Some uncertainty remains over whether the taxon is distinct from Neptis rothschildi, or whether the taxa are synonymous, as proposed by E. Vingerhoedt (pers. comm. 2008). This uncertainty is likely to remain while records of the species continue to be scarce (T. Larsen pers. comm. 2009)." 160866,Bicyclus evadne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,evadne,,,,,"Cramer, 1779","This butterfly has two subspecies, B. e. evadne and B. evadne elionias." 160874,Anthene lusones,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,lusones,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1874)","It used to be thought that the range of this species stretched from Sierra Leone to Uganda. However, M. Libert is currently in the process of revising the Afrotropical Lycaenesthini and has divided the species into three sibling species with slight overlap in distributions (M. Libert pers. comm. 2008). Therefore, the true distribution of this butterfly is now defined as from Ghana to Cameroon." 160875,Bicyclus milyas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,milyas,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1864)", 160884,Cerautola legeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cerautola,legeri,,,,,"Libert, 1999",

Species in this genus were formerly included in the genus Epitola.

160887,Precis rauana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Precis,rauana,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1898)","This butterfly has two subspecies called Precis rauana rauana and P. rauana silvicola." 160894,Neptis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,occidentalis,,,,,"Rothschild, 1918", 160895,Precis frobeniusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Precis,frobeniusi,,,,,"Strand, 1909 ", 160900,Charaxes fionae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,fionae,,,,,"Henning, 1977", 160921,Tarsocera cassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tarsocera,cassus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)","This species is recognized as having the two subspecies T. c. cassus and T. cassus outeniqua." 160930,Arhopala anthelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Arhopala,anthelus,,,,,"(Westwood, 1851)",Evans (1957) recognised nine subspecies. 160939,Ornipholidotos nbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,nbeti,,,,,"Libert, 2005","This species had previously been confused with Ornipholidotos ntebi, which is effectively limited to east of the Albertine Rift (Kenya, Uganda, northwestern Tanzania)." 160962,Cethosia obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cethosia,obscura,,,,,"Guérin-Ménéville, 1829","

This species is endemic to the Bismarck Archipelago, where it occurs on each of the major islands. Nominotypical obscura occurs on New Ireland (the type locality), the Tabar Islands (C. J. Muller: unpublished data), and Nusa Laut. It is represented on New Britain, Umboi and the Duke of York group by C. o. antippe Grose Smith, 1889; on New Hanover by C. o. hormisda Fruhstorfer, 1915; and on the Admiralty group (Manus, Los Negros, St Gabriel) by C. o. gabrielis (Müller 1999).

" 160979,Iolaus djaloni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,djaloni,,,,,"Collins & Larsen, 1998", 160988,Leptomyrina boschi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptomyrina,boschi,,,,,"Strand, 1911", 160992,Mycalesis tilmara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Mycalesis,tilmara,,,,,"Fruhstorfer, 1906","Vane-Wright and de Jong (2003) include this species as one of the seventeen that have been reclassified under Lohora, possibly rendering Mycalesis paraphyletic." 161001,Neptidopsis ophione,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptidopsis,ophione,,,,,"(Cramer, 1777)","This butterfly has the two subspecies N. ophione ophione and N. ophione nucleata." 161007,Sevenia occidentalium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Sevenia,occidentalium,,,,,"(Mabille, 1876)","This butterfly has the two subspecies S. o. occidentalium and S. occidentalium penricei. Historically this species was placed in the synonymous genus Asterope." 161016,Bebearia severini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bebearia,severini,,,,,"(Aurivillius, 1897)", 161028,Chersonesia intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Chersonesia,intermedia,,,,,"Martin, 1895", 161097,Neptis quintilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,quintilla,,,,,"Mabille, 1890","

This species was previously considered to be a form of Neptis nicomedes but was recently upgraded to species level by Larsen (2005). The taxonomic complex remains a difficult one: both species are forest butterflies which may occur together or either of them singly. In addition, more than one species may be covered under the taxon Neptis quintilla, as subpopulations of the species come in two colour morphs: one is the usual dark blackish-brown of the genus, while the other is a lighter blackish-grey with no hint of brown (T. Larsen pers. comm. 2009). The valve of the grey form is 25% longer than that of the dark. As a whole, therefore, some degree of uncertainty remains over the status of this difficult taxon.

" 161033,Erebia neoridas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,neoridas,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1828)", 161036,Euphydryas cynthia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphydryas,cynthia,,,,,"([Dennis & Schiffermüller], 1775)", 161112,Belenois theuszi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,theuszi,,,,,"Dewitz, 1889","The species has been documented in Guinea and Ghana, though these records are considered to be erroneous and suggested to refer to darker specimens of Belenois theora." 161113,Micropentila ugandae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Micropentila,ugandae,,,,,"Hawker-Smith, 1933", 161116,Anthene arnoldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,arnoldi,,,,,"Jones, 1918","There are no formally recognized subspecies for this taxon, nor are there any widely used synonyms." 161058,Ornipholidotos congoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,congoensis,,,,,"Stempffer, 1964", 161059,Mimacraea maesseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Mimacraea,maesseni,,,,,"Libert, 2000","In the Lagos Region of Nigeria, there is a slight overlap with Mimacraea apicalis (which was elevated to full species status during Libert's revision (2000))." 16107,Paraegista apoiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Paraegista,apoiensis,,,,,"Habe, 1970", 161073,Drupadia cindi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Drupadia,cindi,,,,,"Cowan, 1974","The genus Drupadia is interesting in that it occurs in some areas in “pairs” of species similar in phenotype, but with clear structural differences. One species is invariably large and sexually dimorphic; the second is smaller in size and less sexually dimorphic, with both sexes resembling the female of the larger species. Drupadia cindi and Drupadia cinderella Cowan, 1974 represent such a pairing. Both are recorded from Sabah and Sarawak." 161074,Baliochila singularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Baliochila,singularis,,,,,"Stempffer & Bennett, 1953", 161145,Erebia palarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,palarica,,,,,"Chapman, 1905", 16115,Haplochromis beadlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,beadlei,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933",Listed in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the generic name Paralabidochromis. 16118,Haplochromis crassilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,crassilabris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906",Appeared in the IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the generic name Paralabidochromis. 161180,Cerautola crowleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cerautola,crowleyi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1890)","

This species was assigned to the new genus Cerautola following Libert's recent revision (1999) and it divides into four subspecies. The nominate subspecies is found from Guinea-Bissau to western Nigeria; ssp leucographa Libert, 1999 is in Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, northern Angola, Central African Republic and western Congo and ssp. holochroma Berger, 1981 flies in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda, with ssp. congdoni Libert & Collins, 1999 in northwestern Tanzania and Zambia.

" 161187,Ornipholidotos nancy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,nancy,,,,,"Collins & Larsen, 2000", 161189,Erebia gorge,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,gorge,,,,,"(Hübner, 1804)", 161192,Belenois calypso,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,calypso,,,,,"Drury, 1773","

A number of subspecies – difficult to characterize properly – are recognized. In the eastern parts of the range a number of similar species occur, which are difficult to tell apart from this butterfly.

" 161207,Lachnocnema riftensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lachnocnema,riftensis,,,,,"Libert, 1996",Identification of most species from this genus requires dissection to determine subtle genital distinctions. 161213,Harma theobene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Harma,theobene,,,,,"Doubleday, 1848","Three subspecies are currently recognized for this widely distributed taxon: one occurring in western Africa (from Guinea to eastern Nigeria), another in the equatorial zone, and a third in the coastal forests of East Africa (T. Larsen pers. comm. 2009)." 161219,Oboronia liberiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Oboronia,liberiana,,,,,"Stempffer, 1950", 161224,Pseudaletis camarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudaletis,camarensis,,,,,"Collins & Libert, 2007","This genus was recently revised by Libert (2007), whereupon two subspecies of this butterfly were described, the nominate and ssp. depuncta." 16123,Paralucia spinifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Paralucia,spinifera,,,,,"Edwards & Common, 1978", 161231,Eresina schmitti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Eresina,schmitti,,,,,"Larsen, 2005", 161235,Iolaus iasis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,iasis,,,,,"Hewitson, 1865","This butterfly has the two subspecies, I. i. iasis and I. iasis albomaculatus." 161242,Caleta caleta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Caleta,caleta,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1876)","

A number of subspeceis have been described. The nominate caleta occurs in northern and central Sulawesi; Caleta caleta kalawara Ribbe, 1926 was described from central Sulawesi, but may be synonymous with nominate caleta (Takanami 1989). The subpopulation found on Peleng may warrant recognition as a distinct subspecies (Vane-Wright and De Jong 2003). There is some doubt regarding the status of the Philippines subpopulations, argola Hewitson, 1876, which Hirowatari (1992) regarded as a sister species of caleta, but which Treadaway (1995) treated as a subspecies of caleta.

" 16125,Paramelania damoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paramelania,damoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1881)","Current taxonomy of Paramelania is under revision. Brown (1994) lists only two species, but West et al. 2003 identify six. These are listed here under their previous names, which are likely to be resurrected in revision." 161260,Harpendyreus aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Harpendyreus,aequatorialis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892) ","Two subspecies are noted: Harpendyreus aequatorialis aequatorialis Sharpe, 1892 (Type locality: Kenya: Mount Elgon), and Harpendyreus aequatorialis vulcanica Joicey & Talbot, 1924 (Type locality: Tanzania: Arusha district)." 161261,Oboronia pseudopunctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Oboronia,pseudopunctatus,,,,,"(Strand, 1912)", 16127,Paramelita barnardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,PARAMELITIDAE,Paramelita,barnardi,,,,,"Thurston, 1973","Stewart, B.A. and Griffiths, C.L. 1995. Revision of the family Paramelitidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from South African fresh waters. Annals of the South African Museum 104 , 181-247. (A modern monograph using both cladistic and phenetic methods. The family is split into three genera. Aquadulcaris gen.nov. (type Gammarus crassicornis), with A. andronyx, A. auricularia, A. crassicornis, A. dentata, A. marunguis, and A. pheronyx (all transf. from Paramelita), Mathamelita n.gen. for M. aequicaudata n.sp. (Outenique Mountains), and Paramelita s. str., for P. aurantia, P. barnardi, P. capensis, P. flexa, P. granulicornis, P. kogelensis, P. magna, P. magnicornis, P. nigroculus, P. odontophora, P. parva, P. pillicornis, P. pinnicornis, P. platypus, P. seticornis, P. spinicornis, P. tulbaghensis, and P. validicornis. The generotype, P. ctenodactyla, is a junior synonym of P. capensis." 16128,Paramelita flexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,PARAMELITIDAE,Paramelita,flexa,,,,,"Griffiths, 1981","Stewart, B.A. and Griffiths, C.L. 1995. Revision of the family Paramelitidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from South African fresh waters. Annals of the South African Museum 104 , 181-247. (A modern monograph using both cladistic and phenetic methods. The family is split into three genera. Aquadulcaris gen.nov. (type Gammarus crassicornis), with A. andronyx, A. auricularia, A. crassicornis, A. dentata, A. marunguis, and A. pheronyx (all transf. from Paramelita), Mathamelita n.gen. for M. aequicaudata n.sp. (Outenique Mountains), and Paramelita s. str., for P. aurantia, P. barnardi, P. capensis, P. flexa, P. granulicornis, P. kogelensis, P. magna, P. magnicornis, P. nigroculus, P. odontophora, P. parva, P. pillicornis, P. pinnicornis, P. platypus, P. seticornis, P. spinicornis, P. tulbaghensis, and P. validicornis. The generotype, P. ctenodactyla, is a junior synonym of P. capensis." 161285,Bebearia laetitia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bebearia,laetitia,,,,,"(Plötz, 1880)","This species is split into the two subspecies B. l. laetitia and B. laetitia vesta." 161287,Bicyclus martius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,martius,,,,,"Fabricius, 1793","This butterfly has two subspecies, B. m. martius and B. martius sanaos." 161289,Pseudathyma plutonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudathyma,plutonica,,,,,"Butler, 1902","

This butterfly has the three subspecies Pseudathyma plutonica plutonica, P. plutonica expansa and P. plutonica shaba.

" 161310,Apharitis nilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Apharitis,nilus,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1865)", 161322,Amblyraja robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,robertsi,,,,,"(Hulley, 1970)", 16134,Paramiella incisa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Paramiella,incisa,,,,,"(Hombron and Jacquinot, no date)", 16135,Paramiella kondoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Paramiella,kondoi,,,,,"(Clench, 1940)", 161353,Potamotrygon falkneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,falkneri,,,,,Castex & Maciel 1963,"This species is distinguished by the following characters: dorsal surface of the disc dark brown, with irregular yellow spots, oval to reniform, usually larger than eye diameter, teeth relatively, small, wider than long, with flat crowns. lack prominent cusps except in mature males. Middorsal tail spines low relatively to basal diameter, in irregular parallel rows (Rosa 1985)." 16136,Paramorariopsis anae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Paramorariopsis,anae,,,,,"Brancelj, 1991", 161362,Potamotrygon marinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,marinae,,,,,"Deynat, 2006","The French Guiana Freshwater Stingray belongs to the “reticulated” color group being related to other species as Potamotrygon orbignyi and Potamotrygon histrix (Deynat, 2006). It is distinguished from other reticulated species by presenting vivid orange or brown smaller spots, teeth row, snout length, elongated and broad snout region (Silva and Carvalho, 2015). There is no taxonomic debate about its validity (Last et al.,2016)." 161365,Potamotrygon schroederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,schroederi,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1958","Potamotrygon schroederi used to be a complex species with the recent described Potamotrygon tigrina (Carvalho et al., 2011). 
OLD
Taxonomic issues with this species are due in part to the fact that the holotype was originally in the private collection of Fernándo-Yépez and only the caudal sting, mouth and edge of the disc remain. Rosa (1985) when referring to Potamotrygon schroederi may have mistaken this species for a new species (presently in description by Ricardo Rosa and Maria Lúcia Araújo)." 16137,Paranaspides lacustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ANASPIDACEA,ANASPIDIDAE,Paranaspides,lacustris,,,,,"Smith, 1909", 16140,Parantica albata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,albata,,,,,"(Zinken, 1831)", 16141,Parantica clinias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,clinias,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1890)", 16142,Parantica crowleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,crowleyi,,,,,"(Jenner Weir, 1894)", 161425,Raja undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,undulata,,,,,"Lacepède, 1802", 16143,Parantica dannatti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,dannatti,,,,,"(Talbot, 1936)", 16144,Parantica davidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,davidi,,,,,"(Schröder, 1976)", 16145,Parantica garamantis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,garamantis,,,,,"(Godman & Salvin, 1888)", 16146,Parantica kirbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,kirbyi,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1894)", 161467,Potamotrygon signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,signata,,,,,"Garman, 1913","The Parnaíba Freshwater Stingray is a well established species with no doubts or debates about its validity (Last et al., 2016; Moro et al., 2016).
CR Note: Noted as complete by NKD and entered into SIS by Wade" 16147,Parantica kuekenthali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,kuekenthali,,,,,"(Pagenstecher, 1896)", 16148,Parantica marcia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,marcia,,,,,"(Joicey & Talbot, 1916)", 16149,Parantica menadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,menadensis,,,,,"(Moore, 1883)", 16150,Parantica milagros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,milagros,,,,,"Schröder & Treadaway, 1880", 16151,Parantica nilgiriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,nilgiriensis,,,,,"(Moore, 1877)", 16152,Parantica philo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,philo,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1895)", 16153,Parantica phyle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,phyle,,,,,"(Felder & Felder, 1863)", 16154,Parantica pseudomelaneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,pseudomelaneus,,,,,"(Moore, 1883)", 16155,Parantica pumila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,pumila,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1859)", 16156,Parantica rotundata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,rotundata,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1890)", 16157,Parantica schoenigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,schoenigi,,,,,"(Jumalon, 1971)", 161572,Potamotrygon castexi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,castexi,,,,,"Castello & Yagolkowski, 1969","This species is often misidentified and may be mistaken with P. scobina, P. signata and P. falkneri (author's personal observations). Rosa (1985) indicated that these species together with P. castexi may form a species complex." 161573,Potamotrygon yepezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,yepezi,,,,,"Castex & Castello, 1970","Before its original description, this species was recorded in the Lago de Maracaibo basin as Potamotrygon magdalenae (Schultz 1949, Fernández-Yépez and Espinoza 1970, Mago 1970). 
Originally described as Potamotrygon yepezi (Castex and Castello 1970). Since its description, it has not undergone generic relocations or nomenclature changes (Lasso et al. 1997, 2003,  Ortega-Lara et al. 2012, Lasso et al. 2013a, Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2013, Fricke et al. 2022). However, some authors have also designated it as P. magdalenae (Ewald et al. 1971, Andrade 1984, Galvis et al. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, see Distribution section).
Proposed name: Agustin Fernandez-Yepez stingray, Maracaibo basin stingray. Our opinion is that the name of Maracaibo river stingray should stop being used, since in addition to being somewhat confusing (Maracaibo is not just a river, but a basin), this species is not strictly of freshwater habits, as explained in the section of Habitat and Ecology." 16158,Parantica sulewattan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,sulewattan,,,,,"(Fruhstorfer, 1896)", 16159,Parantica taprobana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,taprobana,,,,,"(Felder & Felder, 1865)", 16160,Parantica tityoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,tityoides,,,,,"(Hagen, 1890)", 161609,Potamotrygon orbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,orbignyi,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)","This species shows a wide range of colour variation. Misidentifications occur with other potamotrygonid species such as P. constellata, P. castexi and possibly with P. motoro (Rincón pers. comm.) and P. humerosa." 16161,Parantica toxopei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,toxopei,,,,,"(Nieuwenhuis, 1969)", 16162,Parantica wegneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,wegneri,,,,,"(Nieuwenhuis, 1960)", 16163,Parantica weiskei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,weiskei,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1901)", 16164,Parantica timorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,timorica,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1887)", 16165,Parantica dabrerai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,dabrerai,,,,,"(Miller & Miller, 1978)", 161657,Potamotrygon histrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,histrix,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Records from French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela this species are probably P. orbignyi (Carvalho et al. 2003). Live and fixed specimens are easily mistaken with P. orbignyi, P. humerosa and juveniles of P. brachyura (Charvet-Almeida and Almeida pers. obs.). P. histrix is also often misidentified as Potamotrygon sp. or Potamotrygon cf. histrix (""arraia cururu"" from the Negro River basin) (Araújo pers. com.).

The lectotype designated by Castex (1969) is not considered valid (Rosa 1985, Carvalho et al. 2003)." 161687,Potamotrygon brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,brachyura,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 161691,Raja brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,brachyura,,,,,"LaFont, 1871",This species has been confused with Raja montagui and Raja polystigma in the Mediterranean Sea (Bertozzi et al. 2003). 161699,Plesiotrygon iwamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Plesiotrygon,iwamae,,,,,"Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987","The antenna ray is a well-established species with only one congener, the dwarf antenna ray (Plesiotrygon nana). This species differs from it by different colour, spiracles, snout, nasal curtain, and numbers of teeth, vertebrae and tail length (Last et al. 2016).
CR NOTE: Noted as complete by NKD and entered into SIS by Wade" 161754,Ghatixalus asterops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Ghatixalus,asterops,,,,,"Biju, Roelants & Bossuyt, 2008","This taxon is considered to be the sister species of Ghatixalus variabilis (Biju et al. 2008)." 161756,Bombina maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Bombina,maxima,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","Yu et al. (2007) suggest that Bombina microdeladigitora and Bombina fortinuptialis be considered as subspecies of Bombina maxima given the low genetic differences among these taxa. However, we follow Frost and recognize Bombina microdeladigitora, B. fortinuptialis and B. lichuanensis as valid species." 16176,Paraphlebia zoe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,THAUMATONEURIDAE,Paraphlebia,zoe,,,,,"Hagen, 1861","Paraphlebia may not belong to the family Megapodagrionidae, but may instead be related to the Costa Rican/Panamanian Thaumatoneura, which has been given its own family by some authors." 16185,Parapinnixa affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PINNOTHERIDAE,Parapinnixa,affinis,,,,,"Holmes, 1900", 16187,Parartemia contracta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,PARARTEMIIDAE,Parartemia,contracta,,,,,"Linder, 1941",Should probably be placed in the family Paratemiidae. 16190,Paratelmatobius gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Paratelmatobius,gaigeae,,,,,"(Cochran, 1938)","

Specimens recorded at Estação Biológica de Boracéia, in the municipality of Salesópolis, São Paulo State, were assigned to P. gaigeae by Heyer et al. (1990). Later, Pombal and Haddad (1999) reallocated these specimens to P. poecilogaster (1990).

" 16191,Paratelmatobius lutzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Paratelmatobius,lutzii,,,,,"Lutz and Carvalho, 1958", 16201,Paravitrea clappi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Paravitrea,clappi,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1898)", 16217,Pardiglanis tarabinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Pardiglanis,tarabinii,,,,,"Poll, Lanza & Romoli Sassi, 1972","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. Originally described in the genus Pardiglanis Poll, Lanza & Sassi, 1972, a synonym of Clarotes according to Mo (1991)." 16219,Pardosa diuturna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Pardosa,diuturna,,,,,"Fox, 1937", 16241,Parides coelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,coelus,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 16245,Parides steinbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,steinbachi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1905)", 16272,Partula aurantia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,aurantia,,,,,"Crampton, 1932", 16274,Partula gibba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,gibba,,,,,"Ferussac, 1821", 16275,Partula hebe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,hebe,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1846","P. h. bella is the variety maintained in the breeding programme." 16276,Partula langfordi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,langfordi,,,,,"Kondo, 1970", 16277,Partula mirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,mirabilis,,,,,Crampton, 16278,Partula mooreana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,mooreana,,,,,"Hartman, 1880", 16279,Partula radiolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,radiolata,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1846)", 16280,Partula salifana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,salifana,,,,,"Crampton, 1925", 16281,Partula suturalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,suturalis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1855","There are two subspecies: P. s. strigosa (Pfeiffer), P. t. vexillum (Pease)." 16282,Partula taeniata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,taeniata,,,,,"(Mörch, 1850)","Three subspecies are recognized by Crampton (1932) and Johnson, Murray and Clarke (1993): P. t. elongata (Pease), P. t. nucleola, and P. t. simulans. Only P. t. elongata is extant in the wild." 16283,Partula tohiveana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,tohiveana,,,,,Crampton, 16284,Partula arguta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,arguta,,,,,"(Pease, 1864) ", 16286,Partula dentifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,dentifera,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1852", 16288,Partula faba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,faba,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)","A subspecies, Partula faba subangulata, now Extinct, was previously found on the neighbouring island of Tahaa." 16290,Partula labrusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,labrusca,,,,,"Crampton & Cooke, 1953", 16293,Partula rosea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,rosea,,,,,"Broderip, 1832", 16295,Partula varia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,varia,,,,,"Broderip, 1832", 16296,Partula affinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,affinis,,,,,"Pease, 1868","Reclassified by Crampton (1916) as Partula otaheitana affinis. Reinstated as Partula affinis by Johnson, Murray and Clarke (1986)." 16298,Partula atilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,atilis,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16300,Partula auriculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,auriculata,,,,,"Broderip, 1832", 16306,Partula crassilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,crassilabris,,,,,"Pease, 1866", 16301,Partula candida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,candida,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16308,Partula dolichostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,dolichostoma,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16303,Partula citrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,citrina,,,,,"Pease, 1866", 16310,Partula formosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,formosa,,,,,Pease, 16304,Partula clara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,clara,,,,,"Pease, 1864","Has always been considered a distinct species but DNA analysis suggests that it may be a colour morph of Partula hyalina and as such remains a candidate for merging. Populations in one valley are genetically distinct." 16312,Partula garretti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,garretti,,,,,"Pease, 1864", 16307,Partula cuneata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,cuneata,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16313,Partula hyalina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,hyalina,,,,,"Broderip, 1832","This species was the only multi-island, multi-arhchipelago partulid species known in French Polynesia. It is now believed to be endemic to Tahiti and was likely transported to the other islands as part of shell trade. Partula clara may be a colour morph of this white species." 16314,Partula imperforata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,imperforata,,,,,"Pease, 1884", 16315,Partula leptochila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,leptochila,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16317,Partula levistriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,levistriata,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16318,Partula lutea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,lutea,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 16320,Partula nodosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,nodosa,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1851","This species was proposed as Partula affinis nodosa (Kondo and Burch 1983) but has remained as Partula nodosa." 16321,Partula otaheitana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,otaheitana,,,,,"Bruguière, 1792",This species has controversial taxonomy made more confusing by widespread extinctions of varieties. It is likely that more than one species is involved. Eight subspecies are recognised by Crampton (1916); maybe two are extant in the wild. 16322,Partula producta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,producta,,,,,"Pease, 1864", 16324,Partula protracta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,protracta,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16326,Partula raiatensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,raiatensis,,,,,"Garrett, 1884", 16327,Partula remota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,remota,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16330,Partula tristis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,tristis,,,,,"Crampton & Cooke, 1953","This species was incorrectly identified as Partula garretti in the breeding programme." 16331,Partula turgida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,turgida,,,,,"(Pease, 1864)",This species was confused with Partula clarkei. P. turgida probably became extinct in the 1990s. The captive population was P. clarkei. 16334,Partula bilineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,bilineata,,,,,"Pease, 1866", 16335,Partula callifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,callifera,,,,,Pfeiffer, 16336,Partula cedista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,cedista,,,,,"Crampton, 1956", 16337,Partula cytherea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,cytherea,,,,,"Cooke & Crampton, 1930","The status of this species has been disputed and Johnson, Murray and Clarke (1992) believed that it may have been a sinistral variety of P. affinis, however this similarity is only superficial." 16338,Partula dolorosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,dolorosa,,,,,"Crampton & Cooke, 1953", 16339,Partula eremita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,eremita,,,,,"Crampton & Cooke, 1953", 16341,Partula planilabrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,planilabrum,,,,,"Pease, 1864", 16343,Partula sagitta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,sagitta,,,,,"Crampton & Cooke, 1953", 16349,Partula umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,umbilicata,,,,,"Pease, 1866", 16350,Partulina confusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,confusa,,,,,"(Sykes, 1900)", 16351,Partulina crassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,crassa,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 16352,Partulina fusoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,fusoidea,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1856)", 163524,Orthetrum migratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,migratum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1951","The original description was by Lieftinck (1951), with holotype from Coen, Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. Further taxonomic information provided Houston and Watson (1988)." 163526,Procordulia jacksoniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,jacksoniensis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",Taxonomic history provided by Houston and Watson (1988). 163527,Eurysticta reevesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Eurysticta,reevesi,,,,,"Theischinger, 2001", 163528,Nannophya dalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophya,dalei,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1908)","The original description was by Tillyard (1908), as Nannodythemis dalei. Further taxonomic information provided Houston and Watson (1988)." 16353,Partulina montagui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,montagui,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1850", 163531,Eusynthemis tillyardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,tillyardi,,,,,"Theischinger, 1995","Originally called Metathemis guttata (Selys), var. pallida by Tillyard (1910) and later recognized as a distinct by Theischinger (1995). See Theischinger (1995) for the full taxonomic history." 163535,Austroargiolestes calcaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,calcaris,,,,,"(Fraser, 1958)",Detail account on taxonomic history is provided by Theischinger and O’Farrell (1986) 163536,Austrothemis nigrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Austrothemis,nigrescens,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)","Original description Diplax nigrescens, by Martin (1901), and further taxonomic information is provided by Houston and Watson (1988)." 16354,Partulina perdix,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,perdix,,,,,"(Reeve, 1850)", 163541,Nannophlebia risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,risi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913","The original description was based on specimens collected from the Bellinger River, New South Wales (Tillyard 1913). Additional taxonomic information see Houston and Watson (1988)." 163547,Pseudagrion ignifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,ignifer,,,,,"Tillyard, 1906","The original description was by Tillyard (1906) based on both sexes from north-eastern Queensland. A full taxonomic history on the species was presented by Theischinger (1997), who suggested that Pseudagrion ignifer was a complex of two subspecies." 16355,Partulina splendida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,splendida,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163550,Hemicordulia continentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,continentalis,,,,,"(Martin, 1907)",The original description was by Martin (1907) and further information is provided by Houston and Watson (1988). 163553,Austrogomphus ochraceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,ochraceus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1869)",Detail account on taxonomic history is provided by Watson (1991). 163554,Lithosticta macra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Lithosticta,macra,,,,,"Watson, 1991","The original description was by J.A.L Watson, in Watson et al. (1991). The holotype was a male from Koongarra, 1252’S, 132 50’E, 15 km east Mount Cahill, Northern Territory, 6-10 March 1973, collected by Dr J.A.L. Watson. Larval description Hawking (1993)." 163557,Nososticta coelestina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,coelestina,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1906)",The original description was by Tillyard (1906). Additional taxonomic history is presented by Watson and Theischinger (1984). 16356,Partulina dwightii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,dwightii,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1855)", 163560,Eusynthemis netta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,netta,,,,,"Theischinger, 1999",The original description was by Theischinger (1999). Female and larva unknown (Theischinger and Hawking 2006). 163561,Hemicordulia intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,intermedia,,,,,"Sélys, 1871",The original description was by Selys (1871) and additional information provided by Houston and Watson (1988). 163563,Archaeosynthemis leachii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Archaeosynthemis,leachii,,,,,"(Sélys, 1871)",The genus Archaeosynthemis was established by Carle (1995). Originally described in Selys-Longchamps (1871). Tillyard (1910) presented an updated description. An overview of taxonomic history provided by Houston and Watson (1988). 163564,Austrogomphus amphiclitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,amphiclitus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1873)",Detail account on taxonomic history is provided by Watson (1991). 163569,Eusynthemis ursula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,ursula,,,,,"Theischinger, 1999",The adult descriptions was by Theischinger (1999) and the larva by Theischinger and Hawking 2000). 16357,Partulina dolei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,dolei,,,,,"(Baldwin, 1895)", 163570,Parasynthemis regina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Parasynthemis,regina,,,,,"(Sélys, 1874)",Described in Selys-Longchamps (1874). Tillyard (1910) presented an updated description and an overview of taxonomic history is provided by Houston and Watson (1988). The species regina was transferred from the genus Synthemis to Parasynthemis by Carle (1995). 163572,Micromidia atrifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Micromidia,atrifrons,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1883)","The original description was by McLachlan (1883), as Syncordulia atrifrons; referenced by Houston and Watson (1988). Further information on the adult (Theischinger and Watson 1978) and the larva (Theischinger and Watson 1984)." 163576,Diphlebia lestoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Diphlebia,lestoides,,,,,"(Sélys, 1853)","The original description was by Sélys (1853), and later, Fraser (1956) described a new subspecies. Additional information is provided by Stewart (1980) and Houston and Watson (1988)." 163579,Eusynthemis aurolineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,aurolineata,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913","Originally described as Metathemis guttata auriolineata Tillyard, 1913 and later recognized as a distinct species by Theischinger (1995). See Theischinger (1995) for the full taxonomic history." 16358,Partulina dubia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,dubia,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163582,Austroaeschna multipunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,multipunctata,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)",The species was described from Victoria (Martin 1901) and further taxonomic history is provided by Theischinger (1982) and Houston and Watson (1988) 163584,Microgomphus torquatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,torquatus,,,,,"Sélys, 1854", 163585,Caconeura risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Caconeura,risi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1931)", 163586,Chlorogomphus fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,fraseri,,,,,"St. Quentin, 1936", 16359,Partulina kaaeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,kaaeana,,,,,"Baldwin, 1906", 163595,Microgomphus verticalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,verticalis,,,,,"(Sélys, 1873)","Only the female of Microgomphus verticalis is known. Fraser (1934) states that “it is closely related to, if not conspecific with, M. souteri”; this should be investigated further, if true M. souteri Fraser, 1934 is a junior synonym of M. verticalis." 163596,Caconeura ramburi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Caconeura,ramburi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)", 163597,Euphaea aspasia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,aspasia,,,,,"Sélys, 1853", 163598,Rhodothemis rufa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodothemis,rufa,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",

Kalkman & Orr (2014) reviewed records and re-examined specimens of Rhodothemis from east of the Wallace Line and concluded that all records of R. rufa from east of the Wallace line actually refer to R. nigripes.

16360,Partulina mighelsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,mighelsiana,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1847)", 163601,Aciagrion fasciculare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,fasciculare,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1934","A poorly known species; the only published records are from a small area of west Java. G.T. Reels and this assessor (R. Dow) found what appears to be this species at Bako National Park in west Sarawak, Malaysia in 2005 (R. Dow pers. obs. 2008). Confirmation of the identity of material from Bako awaits detailed comparison against the type series, but agreement with the original description is good, except in size and for minor details of colouration; such differences might be expected given the distance between the populations." 163604,Calocypha laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Calocypha,laidlawi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 163605,Rhinocypha seducta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,seducta,,,,,"Hämäläinen & Karube, 2001", 16361,Partulina nattii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,nattii,,,,,"(Baldman & Hartman, 1888)", 163610,Onychogomphus kerri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,kerri,,,,,"Fraser, 1933","Onychogomphus kerri was briefly described by Fraser (1933) from two specimens in a discussion of O. saundersii, without giving the type locality. Kimmins (1966) traced the type locality from one of the specimens (in the Natural History Museum London). It is questionable whether Fraser’s one paragraph treatment of this species even constitutes a proper description." 163611,Onychogomphus schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,schmidti,,,,,"Fraser, 1937", 163613,Macromia vangviengensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,vangviengensis,,,,,"Yokoi & Mitamura, 2002",The female is unknown. 163614,Neallogaster ornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Neallogaster,ornata,,,,,"Asahina, 1982","Fraser (1929) gave a description of Allogaster parvistigma, supposing his material to be Thecagaster parvistigma Sélys, 1873. Asahina (1982) showed that Fraser's insect was not actually conspecific with T. parvistigma, the type of which has been lost, and described the species as A. ornatus. van Pelt (1993) corrected the spelling to ornata." 163616,Planaeschna owadai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,owadai,,,,,"Karube, 2002", 163617,Bayadera hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,hyalina,,,,,"(Sélys, 1879)","Bayadera hyalina was described from the Khasia Hills in Meghalaya, India and although the species has since been recorded from a much wider range, doubts persist over whether or not the species found outside of the Khasia Hills is really B. hyalina (for instance see Phan et al. 2018). However all records are treated as B. hyalina for assessment purposes for the time being." 163618,Neallogaster hermionae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Neallogaster,hermionae,,,,,"(Fraser, 1927)","It is possible that this species is a form of N. latifrons (Sélys, 1878) (see van Pelt 1993)." 16362,Partulina physa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,physa,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163623,Protosticta uncata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,uncata,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 163625,Drepanosticta kruegeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,kruegeri,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1926", 163627,Ictinogomphus kishori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,kishori,,,,,"Ram, 1985",Ram (1985) noted that I. kishori “has interesting and intermediate characters between Ictinogomphus Cowley and Gomphidia Sélys”; this should be investigated further. 163628,Orolestes durga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Orolestes,durga,,,,,"Lahiri, 1987",The female of Orolestes durga is unknown. 163629,Lestes garoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,garoensis,,,,,"Lahiri, 1987", 16363,Partulina porcellana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,porcellana,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163631,Cryptophaea saukra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Cryptophaea,saukra,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2003", 163632,Vestalis amethystina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,amethystina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965","Prior to 1965 this species was treated as V. amoena Sélys, 1853." 163633,Idionyx minima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,minima,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 163634,Lestes umbrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,umbrinus,,,,,"Sélys, 1891",Lestes umbrina has been treated as a synonym of both L. coccinus and L. nodalis. See Lieftinck (1960) for an account of the confusion that has surrounded this species. Some records of L. umbrina are likely to be misidentifications of L. coccinus or L. nodalis. 163635,Platylestes heterostylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Platylestes,heterostylus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 163636,Periaeschna unifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,unifasciata,,,,,"Fraser, 1935", 163639,Euphaea impar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,impar,,,,,"Sélys, 1859", 16364,Partulina proxima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,proxima,,,,,"(Pease, 1862)", 163640,Libellago andamanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,andamanensis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","Libellago andamanensis was originally described as a good species by Fraser, it was later downgraded to a subspecies of L. lineata (Burmeister, 1839). Later Hämäläinen (2002) re-examined Libellago species from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and restored amdananensis to full specific status." 163641,Burmargiolestes laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Burmargiolestes,laidlawi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1960",Burmargiolestes laidlawi was described by Lieftinck in 1960 from material previously treated as B. melanothorax (e.g. Fraser 1933). 163642,Gynacanthaeschna sikkima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacanthaeschna,sikkima,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 163643,Brachydiplax sobrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachydiplax,sobrina,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 163644,Nychogomphus striatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nychogomphus,striatus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 163645,Melligomphus acinaces,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Melligomphus,acinaces,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1922)", 163648,Microgomphus lilliputians,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,lilliputians,,,,,"Fraser, 1925",The male of Microgomphus lilliputians is unknown. 163649,Orientogomphus indicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Orientogomphus,indicus,,,,,"Lahiri, 1987", 16365,Partulina redfieldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,redfieldi,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163650,Agriocnemis minima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,minima,,,,,"(Sélys, 1877)", 163652,Pseudagrion nigrofasciatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,nigrofasciatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1934", 163653,Idionyx travancorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,travancorensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 163654,Periaeschna magdalena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,magdalena,,,,,"Martin, 1909","Asahina (1981) suggested that P. nocturnalis Fraser, 1927 might be a form of this species; this issue has yet to be resolved. Asahina also raised questions about the occurrence of P. magdalena in the Himalayan area." 163655,Heliaeschna idae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,idae,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 163656,Cyclogomphus heterostylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyclogomphus,heterostylus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1854)", 163659,Cephalaeschna aritai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,aritai,,,,,"Karube, 2003", 16366,Partulina semicarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,semicarinata,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163660,Libellago balus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,balus,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2002", 163661,Aciagrion tillyardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,tillyardi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1919","Fraser (1933) included Aciagrion tillyardi and Enallagma assamica as junior synonyms of A. approximans. Enallagma assamica was a subject of long taxonomical confusion since the holotype of A. approximans had an unknown geographical origin, was described very briefly, and lost (Joshi et al. 2016). Many authors preferred to use the name A. tillyardi as valid for this species (see Kosterin et al. 2014 for a review). This confusion was recently resolved by Kosterin et al. (2014) in favour of Fraser’s original conclusion that A. tillyardi is a junior synonym of A. approximans (Joshi et al. 2016)." 163662,Noguchiphaea yoshikoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Noguchiphaea,yoshikoae,,,,,"Asahina, 1976", 163663,Gomphidictinus perakensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidictinus,perakensis,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1902)","Fraser (1942) established the genus Gomphidictinus for Gomphidia perakensis Laidlaw 1902, basing his separation of the two genera almost entirely on the presence of a ventral spine on the penis of G. perakensis, absent in other Gomphidia species. In most other aspects of morphology, general appearance, habits and habitat G. perakensis strongly resembles Gomphidia species. The status of the genus Gomphidictinus needs to be critically examined." 163664,Onychothemis testacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Onychothemis,testacea,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1902", 163665,Burmagomphus arthuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,arthuri,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953",The male of B. arthuri remains undescribed. 163667,Vestalis gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,gracilis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","A subspecies, V. g. montana Fraser, 1934, has been described from south India." 163668,Lyriothemis bivittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,bivittata,,,,,"(Rambur,1842)", 163669,Microgomphus jurzitzai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,jurzitzai,,,,,"Karube, 2000",The female of this species has not been described. 16367,Partulina talpina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,talpina,,,,,"Mighels, 1856", 163672,Ictinogomphus distinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,distinctus,,,,,"Ram, 1985",The status of the species is doubtful. 163673,Merogomphus martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Merogomphus,martini,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)", 163678,Zyxomma breviventre,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zyxomma,breviventre,,,,,"(Martin, 1921)", 163679,Macrogomphus seductus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,seductus,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 16368,Partulina tappaniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,tappaniana,,,,,"(C.B. Adams, 1851)", 163681,Tetracanthagyna brunnea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Tetracanthagyna,brunnea,,,,,"McLachlan, 1898",The male of this species is unknown. 163683,Agriocnemis lacteola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,lacteola,,,,,"Sélys, 1877", 163685,Onychogomphus banteng,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,banteng,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1929",The female of this species is unknown. 163686,Elattoneura atkinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,atkinsoni,,,,,"(Sélys, 1886)","Lahiri (1987) notes that two forms of this species occur in Meghalaya, a smaller form found in marshy areas and a larger form found on rocky streams, the latter form is less common. Careful study is needed to determine if the two forms do belong to the same species. Fraser (1936) notes that specimens were captured at mountain streams and makes no mention of two forms; it appears that Fraser's works refer to the larger stream form." 163687,Chlorogomphus preciosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,preciosus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","Asahina (1986) described a subspecies, C. p. fernandi from Meghalya." 163688,Coeliccia furcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,furcata,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1986", 163689,Cyclogomphus wilkinsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyclogomphus,wilkinsi,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 16369,Partulina terebra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,terebra,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163691,Urothemis abbotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,abbotti,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1927", 163692,Drepanosticta sundana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,sundana,,,,,"(Krüger, 1898)", 163693,Megalogomphus superbus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,superbus,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 163695,Ceriagrion azureum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,azureum,,,,,"(Sélys, 1891)", 163696,Onychogomphus saundersii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,saundersii,,,,,"Sélys, 1854","The history of this species in the taxonomic literature is extremely confused. It has been recorded from Sundaland and Indochina, but these records all now appear to refer to different Onychogomphus species. The relationship of O. saundersii with other closely related species with which it overlaps (e.g. O. duaricus, which has been treated as a subspecies of saundersii) needs to be critically re-examined." 163697,Vestalaria smaragdina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalaria,smaragdina,,,,,"(Sélys, 1879)", 163699,Hylaeothemis apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hylaeothemis,apicalis,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","Four species of Hylaeothemis are currently known: H. fruhstorferi from Sri Lanka, H. apicalis from the Western Ghats, H. gardeneri from northeastern India, and H. clementia Ris, 1909 occurring in southeast Asia, east of the Indian Region.

Fraser (1946) recognised that the species from Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats were distinct and that the name H. fruhstorferi had to be restricted to the population from Sri Lanka. He described the specimens from the Western Ghats as a new species (Hylaeothemis indica Fraser, 1946). However, he overlooked that he himself had already described subspecies H. fruhstorferi apicalis for specimens from the Coorg (Western Ghats) based on the “tips of the wings, especially those of the female, broadly tipped with black”. Therefore, H. f. apicalis and H. indica are synonyms and as the taxon H. f. apicalis precedes the taxon H. indica, the correct name for the species is Hylaeothemis apicalis (Kalkman et al. 2020)." 16370,Partulina tessellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,tessellata,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163700,Gomphidia williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,williamsoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1923","G. williamsoni apparently differs from G. kodaguensis Fraser, 1923 only in details of colouration (Fraser 1934). The status of G. williamsoni may need to be re-examined when more material becomes available." 163701,Lyriothemis acigastra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,acigastra,,,,,"(Sélys, 1878)", 163704,Anotogaster basalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,basalis,,,,,"(Sélys, 1854)","A subspecies, A. b. palampurensis Fraser, 1929 is known from Sikkim and Nepal. The status of A. b. palampurensis needs to be re-examined." 163706,Megalestes raychoudhurii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,raychoudhurii,,,,,"Lahiri, 1987", 163707,Orientogomphus circularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Orientogomphus,circularis,,,,,"(Sélys, 1894)","

This species was described in 1894 by Selys based on specimens that were collected from Myanmar under the genus Onychogomphus. It was then moved to the Orientogomphus genus by Chao and Xu (1987). The genus Orientogomphus is characterised by small to medium-sized onychogomphines with divergent inferior appendages much shorter, usually about half length of superior appendages, with apical margin shallowly concave; posterior lobe (prepuce) of penile organ absent; superior appendages long, bracket-like in dorsal view, and abruptly curved apically in lateral view, with a minute peg-like process at tip.

Orientogomphus circularis is very closely related to O. minor Laidlaw, 1931 (Wilson 2008). Hence O. minor from Thailand was misidentified as O. circularis by Asahina (1986).

This species was considered a synonym of O. nanius, a species that has been considered an endemic species of Viet Nam, referred to by Martin, 1904 then Do and Dang, 2007. However, this species is only found in northern Myanmar and Lao PDR, and is distinct from the smaller O. minor found from Thailand to Malaysia, and clearly separate from O. nanius that is only known from Viet Nam.

" 163709,Devadatta glaucinota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,glaucinota,,,,,"Sasamoto, 2003", 16371,Partulina ustulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,ustulata,,,,,"(Gulick, 1856)", 163710,Bayadera indica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,indica,,,,,"(Sélys, 1853)", 163711,Planaeschna tomokunii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,tomokunii,,,,,"Asahina, 1996",Only the female of this species is known. 163712,Chloropetalia selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chloropetalia,selysi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1929)",
163713,Onychogomphus rappardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,rappardi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 163714,Gynacantha arnaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,arnaudi,,,,,"Asahina, 1984", 163715,Coeliccia rotundata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,rotundata,,,,,"Asahina, 1984", 163718,Coeliccia pracritii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,pracritii,,,,,"Lahiri, 1985", 163719,Palpopleura sexmaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palpopleura,sexmaculata,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 16372,Partulina variabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,variabilis,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 163723,Coeliccia sarbottama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,sarbottama,,,,,"Lahiri, 1987", 163724,Ceriagrion coromandelianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,coromandelianum,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","C. coromandelianum has been recorded from India to China and Japan. Asahina (1967) considered all records from outside of India and Sri Lanka as suspect and in need of revision. Wilson and Xu (2007) notes that records from China are probably the result of misidentification, and are considered as such here, along with records from Viet Nam and Lao PDR." 163725,Paragomphus echinoccipitalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,echinoccipitalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)",The male of this species is unknown. 163726,Idionyx optata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,optata,,,,,"(Sélys, 1878)", 16373,Partulina virgulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Partulina,virgulata,,,,,"(Mighels, 1845)", 163731,Coeliccia schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,schmidti,,,,,"Asahina, 1984", 163732,Idionyx saffronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,saffronata,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 163733,Calicnemia mukherjeei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,mukherjeei,,,,,"Lahiri, 1976",Lieftinck (1984) writing on the female described as that of this species (Lahiri 1976) stated “[I] am much in doubt about the correctness of the sex association. Hence I consider the [female] to be still unknown.” 163735,Calicnemia miles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,miles,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1917)", 163736,Macromia erato,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,erato,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1950", 163737,Pseudagrion australasiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,australasiae,,,,,"(Sélys, 1876)","The status of this species, its distribution and its relationship with P. microcephalum (Rambur, 1842) and P. bengalense Laidlaw, 1919 has been the subject of considerable confusion. Lieftinck (1936) clarified the situation, and showed that P. bengalense is a synonym. However Lieftincks' work on this subject appears to have gone unnoticed by some authors and the name P. bengalense has persisted in the literature." 163739,Coeliccia montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,montana,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 163741,Vestalis apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,apicalis,,,,,"Sélys, 1873",Two subspecies are recognised; V. a. nigrescens Fraser 1929 from Sri Lanka and V. a. submontana Fraser 1934 from India. 163742,Sarasaeschna niisatoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,niisatoi,,,,,"(Karube, 1998)","This species was transferred to Sarasaeschna by Karube and Yeh in 2001. Although there is no dispute as to this placement, the genus Sarasaeschna has not been widely recognised as yet." 163744,Megalogomphus flavicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,flavicolor,,,,,"(Fraser, 1923)",The male of M. flavicolor is unknown. 163745,Gynacantha maclachlani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,maclachlani,,,,,"Krüger, 1899","There is a severe lack of information on this species. The original description by Krüger (1899) is brief and inadequate, subsequent treatments by Martin (1909) are no better." 163746,Onychogomphus cacharicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,cacharicus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","The male of Onychogomphus cacharicus has not been described, although there is a record supposedly of a male (Prasad 1997); the identity of this male needs to be confirmed." 163747,Brachygonia oculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachygonia,oculata,,,,,"(Brauer, 1878)", 163749,Indolestes cyaneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,cyaneus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1862)", 163750,Anisogomphus vulvalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,vulvalis,,,,,"Yousuf & Yunes, 1977",A. vulvalis is known only from the female. The taxonomic status of the species is doubtful. 163752,Cratilla metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Cratilla,metallica,,,,,"(Brauer, 1878)", 163754,Neurothemis tullia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,tullia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 163756,Caliphaea confusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Caliphaea,confusa,,,,,"Hagen in Sélys, 1859",Hämäläinen (2003) noted that some material currently treated as C. confusa in fact belongs to at least one further species. 163757,Macrogomphus borikhanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,borikhanensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 163758,Caliphaea angka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Caliphaea,angka,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2003","Prior to 2003 this species was treated as C. confusa Hagen in Sélys, 1859. In 2003 Hämäläinen described the population from northern Thailand as a separate species, C. angka." 163759,Asiagomphus personatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,personatus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1873)","" 163760,Polycanthagyna erythromelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Polycanthagyna,erythromelas,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1895)", 163762,Podolestes orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,orientalis,,,,,"Sélys, 1862", 163763,Neurobasis chinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,chinensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","A subspecies N. c. florida (Walker, 1853) is known from Java." 163764,Philoganga montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGANGIDAE,Philoganga,montana,,,,,"(Hagen in Sélys, 1859)", 163765,Coeliccia uenoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,uenoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1997", 163767,Coeliccia nigrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,nigrescens,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931", 163768,Oligoaeschna sumatrana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,sumatrana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953",The female of this species is unknown. 163771,Pseudagrion lalakense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,lalakense,,,,,"Orr & van Tol, 2001", 163772,Drepanosticta tenella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,tenella,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 163773,Nychogomphus geometricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nychogomphus,geometricus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1854)","A subspecies, Nychogomphus geometricus perplexus Lieftinck 1935, is recognised from Sumatra." 163774,Echo uniformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Echo,uniformis,,,,,"Sélys, 1879", 163776,Planaeschna chiengmaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,chiengmaiensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1981", 163778,Mortonagrion varralli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,varralli,,,,,"Fraser, 1920", 163780,Orthetrum glaucum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,glaucum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 163781,Gomphidia kodaguensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,kodaguensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1923", 163782,Megalestes lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,lieftincki,,,,,"Lahiri, 1979",The female is unknown. 163784,Indolestes bilineatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,bilineatus,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)",Indolestes bilineatus is known only from three female specimens (Fraser 1933). 163786,Euphaea bocki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,bocki,,,,,"McLachlan, 1880", 163788,Bayadera kali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,kali,,,,,"Cowley, 1936",The female of Bayadera kali is unknown. 163789,Orolestes wallacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Orolestes,wallacei,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 163791,Protosticta trilobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,trilobata,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 163793,Protosticta khaosoidaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,khaosoidaoensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1984","A subspecies, P. k. satoi Asahina, 1997 has been described from north Viet Nam. However P. k. satoi was described from a single female; given the similarity of many species of Protosticta to one another, this female is as likely to belong to some other, unnamed, species as to a subspecies P. khaosoidaoensis. Until males are discovered, records from Viet Nam should be treated as unverified." 163795,Indolestes assamicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,assamicus,,,,,"Fraser, 1930",Indolestes assamicus is known from a single female. 163796,Aeshna petalura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,petalura,,,,,"Martin, 1908","See Asahina (1983) for an account of the complicated history of this species in the taxonomic literature. A subspecies, A. p. taiyal, is known from Taiwan." 163797,Davidius zallorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,zallorensis,,,,,"(Hagen in Sélys, 1878)","D. z. zallorensis is known only from the type male. A subspecies D. z. delineatus Fraser, 1926 is also known. Both subspecies are very poorly known; the status of D. z. delineatus should be re-examined once more material of both forms becomes available." 163798,Aciagrion hisopa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,hisopa,,,,,"(Sélys, 1876)","This may be a composite taxon; this issue will only be resolved with a thorough revision of this difficult genus in Asia. Many species of Aciagrion are so similar that there is considerable scope for misidentification, adding to the confusion surrounding this species. For example A. hisopa has been recorded from China (e.g. Needham 1930) but these records are now thought to refer to A. migratum (Sélys, 1876) (see Wilson and Xu 2007). Fraser (1933) included Sri Lanka in the range of this species, but de Fonseka (2000) notes that Fraser's records, based on Laidlaw (1924), probably refer to A. occidentale Laidlaw 1919. Fraser (1921) named A. krishna from India, here treated as a synonym, but treated as a subspecies A. h. krishna by some authors. Lieftinck (1929) described A. aciculare from Java, but subsequently treated this name as a synonym." 163799,Gynacantha phaeomeria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,phaeomeria,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1960", 163801,Coeliccia didyma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,didyma,,,,,"(Sélys, 1863)",Lieftinck (1954) expressed doubts over the synonymy of C. simillima with this species. 163805,Lyriothemis salva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,salva,,,,,"Ris, 1927", 163806,Calicnemia uenoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,uenoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1997", 163810,Macrogomphus annulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,annulatus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1854)", 163813,Rhinagrion tricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,tricolor,,,,,"(Krüger, 1898)", 163814,Chlorogomphus magnificus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,magnificus,,,,,"Sélys, 1854", 163815,Chlorogomphus auratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,auratus,,,,,"Martin, 1910", 163816,Cephalaeschna klapperichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,klapperichi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1961", 163817,Elattoneura nihari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,nihari,,,,,"Mitra, 1995", 163818,Idionyx montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,montana,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 163819,Planaeschna intersedens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,intersedens,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)", 163820,Drepanosticta spatulifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,spatulifera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1929", 163821,Caliphaea thailandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Caliphaea,thailandica,,,,,"Asahina, 1976", 163822,Onychogomphus grammicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,grammicus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 163826,Idiocnemis adelbertensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,adelbertensis,,,,,"Gassmann, 1999", 163827,Nannophlebia agalma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,agalma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 163829,Papuagrion oppositum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,oppositum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163830,Teinobasis prothoracica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,prothoracica,,,,,"(selys, 1877)", 163832,Lestes quercifolius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,quercifolius,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 163833,Palaeosynthemis alecto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,alecto,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1953)", 163835,Diplacina paula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,paula,,,,,"Ris, 1919",Two subspecies known: Diplacina paula paula and D. p. lethe. The latter is only known from Misool and further studies might show that it is better considered a full species. 163837,Selysioneura rhaphia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,rhaphia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 163838,Titanosticta macrogaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Titanosticta,macrogaster,,,,,"Donnelly, 1993", 163839,Idiocnemis bidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,bidentata,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 163841,Drepanosticta exoleta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,exoleta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 163845,Nososticta irene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,irene,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 163846,Tanymecosticta fissicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Tanymecosticta,fissicollis,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 163847,Nososticta phoenissa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,phoenissa,,,,,"(Ris, 1929)", 163848,Papuargia stueberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Papuargia,stueberi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 163849,Palaiargia humida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,humida,,,,,"Foerster, 1903", 163850,Agrionoptera longitudinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,longitudinalis,,,,,"Selys, 1878",Besides the nominate subspecies two other subspecies are recognised: A. l. dissoluta and A. l. biserialis. 163853,Paragomphus tachyerges,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,tachyerges,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1934)", 163854,Nososticta plagiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,plagiata,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 163855,Ictinogomphus celebensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,celebensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1934)", 163856,Zygonyx ilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,ilia,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 163860,Lyriothemis meyeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,meyeri,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 163861,Diplacina arsinoe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,arsinoe,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 163862,Palaeosynthemis primigenia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,primigenia,,,,,"(Foerster, 1903)", 163863,Indolestes bellax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,bellax,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1953)", 163864,Palaiargia eclecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,eclecta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163866,Anaciaeschna melanostoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,melanostoma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163867,Archibasis crucigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,crucigera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163868,Papuagrion ekari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,ekari,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163869,Nesoxenia lineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesoxenia,lineata,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 163872,Neurobasis kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,kimminsi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 163873,Palaiargia eos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,eos,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 163875,Huonia ferentina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,ferentina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 163878,Nososticta erythrura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,erythrura,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)","The species has two subspecies. The nominate (Nososticta e. erythrura Lieftinck, 1932) is widespread. Subspecies N. e. efasciata Lieftinck, 1949 is only known from Bernhard Camp in Papua, Indonesia." 163881,Nannophlebia buruensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,buruensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1926", 163883,Procordulia karnyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,karnyi,,,,,"Fraser, 1926",Procordulia karnyi was for a long time considered to be a synonym of P. sambawana and a part of the material listed under the name of sambawana by Lieftinck (1933) might refer to karnyi. 163886,Teinobasis argiocnemis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,argiocnemis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163888,Idiocnemis inaequidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,inaequidens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 163889,Podopteryx casuarina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podopteryx,casuarina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163890,Argiolestes alfurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,alfurus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1956", 163892,Protosticta rozendalorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,rozendalorum,,,,,"van Tol, 2000", 163894,Agyrtacantha othello,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Agyrtacantha,othello,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 163895,Nannophlebia anatya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,anatya,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 163898,Idiocnemis huonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,huonensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 163901,Nososticta evelynae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,evelynae,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1960)", 163902,Celebophlebia dactylogastra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celebophlebia,dactylogastra,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1936", 163904,Nannophlebia amaryllis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,amaryllis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 163906,Libellago rufescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,rufescens,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 163908,Teinobasis superba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,superba,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1877)","Teinobasis eximia (Selys, 1878 as Telebasis eximia) is a synonym of T. superba." 163910,Gynacantha arthuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,arthuri,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 163913,Huonia arborophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,arborophila,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942","Two subspecies: Huonia a. arborophila (New Guinea, universal) and H. a. diminuta (Misima Island, Louisiade Archipelago)." 163916,Drepanosticta berlandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,berlandi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1939", 163917,Teinobasis nitescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,nitescens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 163919,Papuagrion reductum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,reductum,,,,,"Ris, 1913","Known only from the holotype male (juvenile) and may be a synonym of P. magnanimum (Selys, 1876)." 163920,Procordulia lompobatang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,lompobatang,,,,,van Tol 1997,"Part of the material published under the name of Procordulia irregularis (Martin, 1907), P. sambawana (Martin, 1907) or P. sambawana (Lieftinck, 1953) refers to this species (van Tol, 1997)." 163922,Rhyacocnemis leonorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Rhyacocnemis,leonorae,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 163924,Zyxomma multinervorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zyxomma,multinervorum,,,,,"Carpenter, 1897","Previously on the IUCN Red List as Zyxomma multinervinervi, the species name has now been corrected to Z. multinervorum." 163926,Palaiargia optata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,optata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1865)", 163931,Aciagrion fragile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,fragile,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1906)", 163932,Huonia thais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,thais,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 163933,Austroagrion exclamationis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austroagrion,exclamationis,,,,,"Campion, 1915", 163935,Ischnura acuticauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,acuticauda,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 163936,Agrionoptera cynthiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,cynthiae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942","Originally described as a subspecies of Agrionoptera insignis (Lieftinck, 1942) but later considered to be a species because of its ""peculiar scheme of coloration and other morphological features, which deviate considerably from those linking together most other forms"" [referring to other subspecies of Agrionoptera insignis])." 163937,Protosticta gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,gracilis,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 163938,Macromia irina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,irina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1950", 163939,Paragomphus capitatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,capitatus,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)", 163940,Pseudagrion schmidtianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,schmidtianum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1936", 163941,Trithemis lilacina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,lilacina,,,,,"Foerster, 1899", 163942,Selysioneura arboricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,arboricola,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 163943,Selysioneura virgula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,virgula,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 163946,Macromia sophrosyne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,sophrosyne,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1952", 163947,Diplacina micans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,micans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 163948,Palaeosynthemis evelynae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,evelynae,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1953)", 163949,Paramecocnemis erythrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Paramecocnemis,erythrostigma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 163950,Idiocnemis fissidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,fissidens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 163951,Palaiargia tanysiptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,tanysiptera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 16398,Paryphanta busbyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Paryphanta,busbyi,,,,,"(Gray, 1840)","The genus Powelliphanta was, until recently considered to be a subgenus of Paryphanta." 16406,Paryphanta rossiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Paryphanta,rossiana,,,,,"Powell, 1930","The genus Powelliphanta was, until recently considered to be a subgenus of Paryphanta." 16402,Paryphanta gilliesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Paryphanta,gilliesi,,,,,"Smith, 1880","The genus Powelliphanta was, until recently considered to be a subgenus of Paryphanta." 16409,Paryphanta traversi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Paryphanta,traversi,,,,,"Powell, 1930","The genus Powelliphanta was, until recently considered to be a subgenus of Paryphanta." 16403,Paryphanta hochstetteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Paryphanta,hochstetteri,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1862)","The genus Powelliphanta was, until recently considered to be a subgenus of Paryphanta." 16411,Pasmaditta jungermanniae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUNCTIDAE,Pasmaditta,jungermanniae,,,,,"(Petterd, 1879)", 16404,Paryphanta lignaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Paryphanta,lignaria,,,,,"Hutton, 1888","The genus Powelliphanta was, until recently considered to be a subgenus of Paryphanta." 164562,Acanthodactylus harranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,harranensis,,,,,"Baran, Kumlutaş, Lanza, Sindaco, Ilgaz, Avci & Crucitti, 2005", 164568,Microgecko helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Microgecko,helenae,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1907", 164569,Microgecko latifi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Microgecko,latifi,,,,,"(Leviton & Anderson, 1972)", 164572,Eirenis rechingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,rechingeri,,,,,"Eiselt, 1971", 164573,Ophiomorus streeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,streeti,,,,,"Anderson & Leviton, 1966", 164575,Apathya cappadocica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Apathya,cappadocica,,,,,"(Werner, 1902)","This species includes five subspecies. Following Arnold et al. 2007, Lacerta cappadocica became Apathya cappadocica." 164577,Zamenis persica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Zamenis,persica,,,,,"(Werner, 1913)","Previously considered to be a subspecies of Zamenis longissima. Elevated to species level by Nilson and Andrén (1984). Included in Zamenis following Utiger et al. (2002, 2005)." 164586,Cyrtopodion sistanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,sistanense,,,,,"Nazarov & Rajabizadeh, 2007", 164591,Cyrtopodion gastrophole,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,gastrophole,,,,,"(Werner, 1917)","This species was formerly recognized as Agamura gastropholis.

Has been synonymyzed with Gymnodactylus (=Cyrtopodion) agamuroides by Wettstein, 1951 (in Wermuth 1965)." 164601,Mediodactylus spinicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,spinicauda,,,,,"(Strauch, 1887)", 164602,Eirenis rothii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,rothii,,,,,"Jan, 1863", 164603,Telescopus tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,tessellatus,,,,,"(Wall, 1908)", 164604,Telescopus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,nigriceps,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)","There is a need to revise the taxonomic status of this species, especially with regards to its relationship with Telescopus fallax. Additionally, this this taxon may consist of more than one species." 164606,Darevskia steineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,steineri,,,,,"(Eiselt, 1995)", 164608,Eublepharis angramainyu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Eublepharis,angramainyu,,,,,"Anderson & Leviton, 1966", 164609,Eirenis decemlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,decemlineatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 164613,Mediodactylus heteropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,heteropholis,,,,,"(Minton, Anderson & Anderson, 1970)", 164616,Darevskia bendimahiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,bendimahiensis,,,,,"(Schmidtler, Eiselt & Darevsky, 1994)", 164617,Darevskia saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,saxicola,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1834)", 164618,Bunopus crassicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Bunopus,crassicauda,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1907", 164619,Apathya yassujica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Apathya,yassujica,,,,,"(Nilson, Rastegar-Pouyani, Rastegar-Pouyani and Andrén, 2003)", 164621,Mediodactylus aspratilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,aspratilis,,,,,"(Anderson, 1973)", 164625,Cyrtopodion brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,brevipes,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)", 164627,Acanthodactylus tristrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,tristrami,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 164629,Timon princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Timon,princeps,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)","This species was formerly included in the genus Lacerta, but it is now placed in the genus Timon (Mayer and Bischoff 1996; Fu 1998, 2000; Harris et al. 1998; Harris and Carretero 2003)." 164631,Eremias andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,andersoni,,,,,"Darevsky & Szczerbak, 1978", 164633,Darevskia rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,rudis,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1886)","This species was formerly included in the genus Lacerta, but is now included in Darevskia, following Arribas (1998, 1999), Fu et al. (1997), Fu (1998) and Harris et al. (1998)." 164635,Eirenis thospitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,thospitis,,,,,"Schmidtler & Lanza, 1990",E. hakkariensis is now included within E. thospitis (Nagy et al. 2003). 164636,Saara loricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Saara,loricata,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)", 164639,Eirenis collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,collaris,,,,,"(Ménétriés, 1832)","The nominate subspecies E. c. collaris is found over most of the species range, the exception being near Tuzluca (eastern Turkey), where E. c. macrospilotus (Werner, 1904) is found." 164641,Eremias strauchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,strauchi,,,,,"Kessler, 1878","There are two subspecies. The nominate subspecies is distributed in eastern Transcaucasia, as well as in the eastern Turkey and the Azerbaijani province of northwestern Iran. The subspecies, E. s. kopetdaghica Szczerbak, 1972 is distributed in Kopet Dagh (Iran and Turkmenistan) northern Khorasan and eastern Mazanderan (Iran)." 164647,Phrynocephalus persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,persicus,,,,,"de Filippi, 1863",This taxon has previously been recognised as a subspecies of Phrynocephalus helioscopus. 164648,Mediodactylus sagittifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,sagittifer,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1900)","The concept of the species assessed here excludes Mediodactylus dehakroensis (Masroor, 2009), but some authors consider them to be conspecific." 164659,Stenodactylus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,affinis,,,,,"(Murray, 1884)", 164665,Ophiomorus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,nuchalis,,,,,"Nilson & Andren, 1978", 164670,Asaccus griseonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,griseonotus,,,,,"Dixon & Anderson, 1973", 164674,Parvilacerta parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Parvilacerta,parva,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","This species is not closely related to Lacerta sensu stricto Harris et al. (1998), and has been placed in a different genus (Muller 2002). This was referred to subgenus Parvilacerta Harris, Arnold & Thomas, 1998. This subgenus includes two species: Parvilacerta fraasii (Lehrs, 1910) and Parvilacerta parva (Boulenger, 1887)." 164675,Coluber andreanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,andreanus,,,,,"(Werner, 1917)",The generic assignment of this taxon is still unclear. 164689,Eremias suphani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,suphani,,,,,"Basoglu & Hellmich, 1968", 16469,Pedostibes kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pedostibes,kempi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)","This species was kept in Pedostibes by Chan et al. 2016. However, Chandramouli and Amarsinghe (2016) placed it under Bufoides after examining type specimens. The genus Pedostibes is now considered monotypic and is restricted to the Western Ghats." 164690,Trapelus lessonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,lessonae,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1865)","The type specimen for this species was misidentified as T. ruderatus (Rastegar-Pouyani, 2000)." 164691,Eremias lalezharica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,lalezharica,,,,,"Moravec, 1994", 164698,Xerotyphlops wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Xerotyphlops,wilsoni,,,,,"(Wall, 1908)", 16470,Pedostibes tuberculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pedostibes,tuberculosus,,,,,"Günther, 1876", 164706,Darevskia armeniaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,armeniaca,,,,,"(Méhely, 1909)", 164707,Darevskia valentini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,valentini,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)","This species was formerly included in the genus Lacerta, but is now included in Darevskia, following Arribas (1998, 1999), Fu et al. (1997), Fu (1998) and Harris et al. (1998). Three subspecies are described. The nominative subspecies D. v. valentini is distributed in the whole Transcaucasia. D. v. lantzicyreni (Darevsky and Eiselt, 1967) occurs through most of Turkey. D. v. spitzenbergerae (Eiselt, Darevsky and Schmidtler, 1992) is known only from the type locality in vilayet Khakyari in extreme southwestern Turkey." 164711,Eirenis aurolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,aurolineatus,,,,,"(Venzmer, 1919)", 164717,Montivipera albicornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,albicornuta,,,,,"(Nilson & Andrén, 1985)",This species has sometimes been included in Montivipera raddei. 164721,Asaccus kurdistanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,kurdistanensis,,,,,"Rastegar-Pouyani, Nilson & Faizl, 2006", 164723,Acanthodactylus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,orientalis,,,,,"Angel, 1936", 164730,Mediodactylus heterocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,heterocercus,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)", 164735,Lacerta pamphylica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,pamphylica,,,,,"Schmidtler, 1975","Genetic analysis of the Lacerta trilineata complex (Kornilios et al. 2019, 2020) proposed a four-species arrangement, elevating the former subspecies L. citrovittata, L. diplochondrodes and L. pamphylica - the latter of which has generally been variously considered a full species - to specific status. This arrangement is accepted by Speybroeck et al. (2020)." 164739,Asaccus elisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,elisae,,,,,"(Werner, 1895)", 164740,Letheobia episcopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,episcopus,,,,,"(Franzen & Wallach, 2002)", 164741,Ophiomorus persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,persicus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 164742,Asaccus nasrullahi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,nasrullahi,,,,,"Werner, 2006", 164749,Lacerta media,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,media,,,,,"Lantz & Cyrén, 1920", 164754,Eirenis eiselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,eiselti,,,,,"Schmidtler & Schmidtler, 1978", 164757,Spalerosophis microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spalerosophis,microlepis,,,,,"Jan, 1865", 164759,Phrynocephalus horvathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,horvathi,,,,,"von Mehely, 1894",We provisionally follow Melnikov et al. (2008) in considering Phrynocephalus horvathi to be distinct at the species level pending additional taxonomic studies. 164763,Asaccus kermanshahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,kermanshahensis,,,,,"Rastegar-Pouyani, 1996", 164766,Eremias kavirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,kavirensis,,,,,"Mozaffari & Parham, 2007",HOLOTYPE. (MMTT/AHI 1008) CAS 238636. 164768,Vipera anatolica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,anatolica,,,,,"Eiselt & Baran, 1970",This species was elevated to species status from Vipera ursinii anatolica by Nilson and Andrén (2001). 164770,Darevskia sapphirina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,sapphirina,,,,,"(Schmidtler, 1994)", 164773,Cyrtopodion kirmanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,kirmanense,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1900)", 164774,Vipera barani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,barani,,,,,"Böhme & Joger, 1984", 164778,Bufotes zugmayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,zugmayeri,,,,,"(Eiselt & Schmidtler, 1973)","We follow Frost (2009) in considering Pseudepidalea (now Bufotes) zugmayeri as a valid species.
" 164783,Anax nigrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,nigrofasciatus,,,,,"Oguma, 1915", 164784,Mnais andersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnais,andersoni,,,,,"(McLachlan in Selys, 1873)","Mnais species are notoriously difficult to elucidate and there is still some uncertainty regarding the status of Mnais andersoni MacLachlan, 1873 and Mnais tenuis Oguma, 1913. M. andersoni specimens from the type locality in Yunnan, and tenuis from its type locality in Taiwan, clearly look like different species. Initially, when reviewing Asian Mnais, Asahina (1975b) treated andersoni and tenuis as distinct species, but later (Asahina 1975c) downgraded tenuis to a subspecies of andersoni, since intermediate forms of andersoni and tenuis occur throughout their range in Vietnam and Laos.

Nominate andersoni occurs in western China, Burma, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. M. a. tenuis occurs in northern Guangdong. Hämäläinen (2004) treats Fujianese specimens as M. tenuis. Hämäläinen (2004) also reported that Sui and Sun (1984) erroneously recorded icteroptera from Guangdong, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Zhejiang. Actually Sui and Sun (1984) recorded earnshawi from Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan and Zhejiang and did not list icteroptera. However, Asahina (1975a) synonymised earnshawi with andersoni and suggested icteroptera, from Myanmar, might also be a synonym of andersoni. Bridges (1994) treats icteroptera Fraser, 1929 as a synonym of andersoni. Asahina (1975b) also synonymised M. auripennis with M. tenuis. Wilson and Xu (2007) have reviewed the status of Mnais in southern China." 164785,Sympetrum eroticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,eroticum,,,,,"(Sélys, 1883)",Tsuda (2000) lists Sympetrum ignotum as a synonym of Sympetrum eroticum eroticum Sélys. 164786,Davidius davidii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,davidii,,,,,"Sélys, 1878","Three subspecies are known: D. d. shaanxiensis Zhu, Yan & Yi (1988), D. d. yunnanensis Yang & Davies (1996), and D. d. assamensis Laidlaw (1916). Davidius qinlingensis Cao & Zheng (1989) is a synonym of D. d. shaanxiensis." 164787,Trigomphus citimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Trigomphus,citimus,,,,,"(Needham, 1931)","Needham originally described T. citimus under the genus Gomphus Leach but later Needham transferred it to Xenogomphus when he established this new genus (Needham, 1941). Chao (1954) synonymised Xenogomphus with Trigomphus Bartenef. Asahina (1949) described the subspecies Gomphus (Trigomphus) citimus tabei from Japan." 164788,Paracercion calamorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,calamorum,,,,,"(Ris, 1916)", 164790,Ceriagrion auranticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,auranticum,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","Hämäläinen (1987) established Ceriagrion latericium Lieftinck, 1951, described from Sumatra, to be a junior synonym of C. auranticum and reinstated C. chaoi Schmidt, 1964, which had previously been synonymised with auranticum by Asahina (1971), as a genuine species. The nominate subspecies C. a. auranticum was described from Bangkok, and is known from Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam (Tsuda 2000).

Asahina (1967) originally described the subspecies C. a. ryukyuanum as a subspecies of C. latericum Lieftinck, 1951. Hämäläinen (1987) pointed out that latericum is a junior synonym of auranticum Fraser, 1922. C. a. ryukyuanum is known from southern China (Wilson 2004), Korea (Lee 2001) and the Ryukyus Islands of Japan (Sugimura et al. 2001)." 164814,Gyraulus ioanis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,ioanis,,,,,"Gloer & Pesic, 2008", 164818,Pseudamnicola granjaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,granjaensis,,,,,Glöer & Zettler 2008, 164821,Iglica wolfischeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,wolfischeri,,,,,"Reischuetz & Reischuetz, 2004", 164823,Pseudobithynia kathrinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,kathrinae,,,,,"Glöer & Bößneck, 2007","Although some may consider that the nomenclature of the species is wrongly typed in the SIS and that kathrini should be the name, Glöer (pers. comm. 2010) notes that because it is named after Katrin (female) the name must be katrinae and a correction published in Mollusca 26(1):2." 164824,Valvata montenegrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,montenegrina,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2007", 164825,Hauffenia kissdalmae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,kissdalmae,,,,,"Eross & Petro, 2008","Its conspecificity with Hauffenia sp. (Steffek and Grego 2008) is conceivable, therefore the Hauffenia group in the Carpathian region needs further study." 164827,Iglica alpeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,alpeus,,,,,"Reischuetz & Reischuetz, 2004",This species has been placed in the subgenus Raphica. 164829,Moitessieria barrinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,barrinae,,,,,"Alba et al., 2007","This newly described species will require further studies to confirm relationships with other species from this complex genus, as currently it is only known from shells and although fresh shells were collected, no living specimens have been.  M.seminiana, described by Boeters (2003) on the basis of specimens from interstitial waters from Majones river at Villareal de la Canal (Huesca, Spain), is the species that most closely resembles M.barrinae. Alba et al. (2007) suggest that the less stout and less conical appearance, with less convex whorls, and a smaller size (shorter length and lesser number of whorls), permit to clearly distinguish M.barrinae from M.servaini. The species that most closely resemble M.barrinae by the small size and moderately stout appearance are M.cocheti Boeters & Falkner, 2003, M.heideae Boeters & Falkner, 2003, and M.seminiana Boeters, 2003. Regarding the two French species (M.cocheti and M.heideae), besides ornamentation, M.barrinae can be distinguished from them by its longer length and greater number of whorls, the lesser convexity of whorls, and the greater number of lines above the aperture." 164832,Radix lilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,lilli,,,,,"Glöer & Beckmann, 2007", 164833,Iberhoratia morenoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Iberhoratia,morenoi,,,,,"Arconada, Delicado & Ramos, 2007", 164835,Islamia gaillardoti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,gaillardoti,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1856)","This species was listed for Jordan under the name Pseudamnicola gaillardotii (online checklist for Jordan) and as Globuliana gaillardoti (Germain, 1911) in Mienis (2010), who commented that in Israel, until recently this species was placed in the genus Islamia, but recently Kadolsky (2008) and Boeters and Falkner (2009) have shown that Globuliana Paladilhe, 1866 is an older name for Islamia Radoman, 1973. However, Globuliana is considered a nomen oblitum (MolluscaBase (2022) following Gargominy et al. (2011)) and thus Islamia retains its priority despite the much later date of its description (M.V. Vinarski pers. comm. 2022).

Germain (1921: 510) noted that V. gaillardoti represents the European group of V. minuta Draparnaud in Syria." 164838,Pseudobithynia trichonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,trichonis,,,,,"(Glöer, Albrecht & Wilke, 2007) ", 164839,Iglica velkovrhi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,velkovrhi,,,,,"de Mattia, 2007", 164843,Pseudorientalia natolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudorientalia,natolica,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)",The taxonomy of this species is not very clear because it is based on shell characters. Since the taxonomy for this species is not properly resolved it is possible that it represents a species complex instead of a single species. 164844,Moitessieria collellensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,collellensis,,,,,"Corbella, Alba, Tarruella, Prate & Guillen,2006","This newly described species will require further studies to confirm relationships with other species from this complex genus, as currently it is only known from shells and although fresh shells were collected, no living specimens have been.  " 164845,Bythiospeum wiaaiglica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,wiaaiglica,,,,,"A. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2006", 164848,Alzoniella braccoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,braccoensis,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 2004",This species was recently described in 2004. 164849,Gyraulus ehrenbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,ehrenbergi,,,,,"(Beck, 1837)", 164850,Hauffenia nesemanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,nesemanni,,,,,"Reischuetz & Reischuetz, 2006", 164852,Pseudobithynia kirka,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,kirka,,,,,"(Gloer, Albrecht & Wilke, 2007)", 164853,Islamia edlingeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,edlingeri,,,,,"Reischütz & Reischütz, 2004",The taxonomic status of this species is considered 'uncertain' by MolluscaBase (2022). 164857,Iberhoratia aurorae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Iberhoratia,aurorae,,,,,"Alconada, Delicado & Ramos, 2007", 164863,Pseudamnicola sciaccaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,sciaccaensis,,,,,"(Gloer & Beckmann, 2007)", 164864,Alzoniella delmastroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,delmastroi,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 2004", 164865,Paladilhiopsis gittenbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,gittenbergeri,,,,,"A. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2008", 164870,Gyraulus shasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,shasi,,,,,Gloer & Pesic 2009, 164873,Pseudamnicola beckmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,beckmanni,,,,,Glöer & Zettler 2007, 164874,Moitessieria mugae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Moitessieria,mugae,,,,,"Corbella, Alba, Tarruella Ruestes, Prate & Guillen Mestre, 2006","This newly described species will require further studies to confirm relationships with other species from this complex genus, as currently it is only known from shells and although fresh shells were collected, no living specimens have been.  " 164876,Islamia archeducis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,archeducis,,,,,"Boeters & Beckmann, 2007", 164879,Bithynia kastorias,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,kastorias,,,,,"(Gloer, Albrecht & Wilke, 2007)", 164881,Radix skutaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,skutaris,,,,,Glöer & Pesic 2007, 164882,Radomaniola gaillardoti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,gaillardoti,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1856)","
" 164884,Bythinella angelitae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,angelitae,,,,,"Haase, Wilke & Albrecht, 2007","This species is a cryptic species as it was originally included within the variability of a closely related species Bythinella opaca, and was described as Bythinella opaca (Frauenfeld, 1857) not Bythinella opaca (Gallenstein 1848) (Haase et al. 2007). This is clearly a genus whose taxonomy can only be unravelled by an integrative approach combining morphology, anatomy, biogeography, and genetics (Haase et al. 2007)." 164885,Pseudobithynia panetolis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,panetolis,,,,,"(Glöer, Albrecht & Wilke, 2007) ", 164887,Gyraulus meierbrooki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,meierbrooki,,,,,Gloer & Pesic 2007, 164914,Cambarus laconensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,laconensis,,,,,"Buhay & Crandall, 2009", 164915,Cambarus speleocoopi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,speleocoopi,,,,,"Buhay & Crandall, 2009", 164917,Osmoderma italica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Osmoderma,italica,,,,,"Sparacio, 2000","

The Osmoderma species complex is here treated as five separate species (barnabita, eremita, cristinae, italica and lassallei), following Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). Distribution limits of these different forms remain poorly resolved, but for the purpose of these assessments we follow the approximate distribution limits outlined in Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). There is ongoing debate as to whether or not these forms constitute valid species, but for the purpose of this assessment we are assessing each form separately.

" 164918,Purpuricenus globulicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Purpuricenus,globulicollis,,,,,"Dejean, 1839","Regarded by some authors as the same species as P. kaehleri (Bense 1995)." 164919,Acanthagrion speculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,speculum,,,,,"Garrison, 1985", 164920,Argia underwoodi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,underwoodi,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 164924,Sympetrum nigrocreatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,nigrocreatum,,,,,"Calvert, 1920", 164928,Palaemnema spinulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,spinulata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 164929,Progomphus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,mexicanus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 164934,Phyllogomphoides nayaritensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,nayaritensis,,,,,"Belle, 1987", 164935,Lestes henshawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,henshawi,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 164937,Rhionaeschna vazquezae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,vazquezae,,,,,"(González, 1986)", 164938,Palaemnema joanetta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,joanetta,,,,,"Kennedy, 1940", 16494,Pelecus cultratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelecus,cultratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 164942,Macrothemis aurimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,aurimaculata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1984", 164948,Anisagrion allopterum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Anisagrion,allopterum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 164950,Protoneura amatoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,amatoria,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 164960,Phyllogomphoides apiculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,apiculatus,,,,,"Cook & González, 1990", 164961,Micrathyria schumanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,schumanni,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 164964,Argia garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,garrisoni,,,,,"Daigle, 1991", 164965,Argia pocomana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,pocomana,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 164967,Hetaerina infecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,infecta,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 164971,Macrothemis celeno,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,celeno,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 164972,Progomphus amarillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,amarillus,,,,,"Tennessen, 1992", 164973,Telebasis limoncocha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,limoncocha,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 164974,Argia westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,westfalli,,,,,"Garrison, 1996", 164979,Phyllogomphoides litoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,litoralis,,,,,"Belle, 1984", 16498,Pelobates fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELOBATIDAE,Pelobates,fuscus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)",Further systematic work is currently under way on this taxon. It seems possible that it might be a complex of more than one species. 164983,Protoneura cupida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,cupida,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 164984,Erpetogomphus constrictor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,constrictor,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 164985,Epigomphus compactus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,compactus,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 164986,Desmogomphus paucinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Desmogomphus,paucinervis,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 164987,Paraphlebia quinta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,THAUMATONEURIDAE,Paraphlebia,quinta,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 164991,Palaemnema paulitaba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,paulitaba,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 164996,Erpetogomphus tristani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,tristani,,,,,"Calvert, 1912", 165061,Philogenia leonora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,leonora,,,,,"Westfall & Cumming, 1956", 165002,Protoneura sulfurata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,sulfurata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1989", 165004,Erpetogomphus viperinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,viperinus,,,,,"Selys, 1868", 165073,Erpetogomphus erici,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,erici,,,,,"Novelo, 1999", 165075,Phyllogomphoides duodentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,duodentatus,,,,,"Donnelly, 1979", 165076,Cannaphila mortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Cannaphila,mortoni,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 165009,Palaemnema nathalia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,nathalia,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 165077,Libellula mariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,mariae,,,,,"Garrison, 1992", 165014,Leptobasis candelaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,candelaria,,,,,"Alayo, 1968", 165015,Palaemnema melanura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,melanura,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 165082,Phyllocycla volsella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,volsella,,,,,"(Calvert, 1905)", 165083,Palaemnema brucei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,brucei,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 165084,Paltothemis cyanosoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Paltothemis,cyanosoma,,,,,"Garrison, 1982", 165018,Telebasis griffinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,griffinii,,,,,"(Martin, 1896)", 165085,Metaleptobasis westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,westfalli,,,,,"Cumming, 1954", 165021,Erpetogomphus liopeltis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,liopeltis,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 165023,Perissolestes remotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,remotus,,,,,"(Williamson & Williamson, 1924)", 165026,Phyllogomphoides indicatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,indicatrix,,,,,"Belle, 1989", 165093,Palaemnema cyclohamulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,cyclohamulata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 165027,Neocordulia griphus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,griphus,,,,,"May, 1992", 165096,Telebasis incolumis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,incolumis,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1930", 165031,Philogenia peacocki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,peacocki,,,,,"Brooks, 1989", 165099,Protoneura aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,aurantiaca,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 165034,Argia percellulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,percellulata,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 165102,Argia frequentula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,frequentula,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 165041,Epigomphus quadracies,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,quadracies,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 165046,Erpetogomphus leptophis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,leptophis,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 165049,Erpetogomphus sabaleticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,sabaleticus,,,,,"Williamson, 1918", 165051,Erpetogomphus bothrops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,bothrops,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 165052,Philogenia championi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,championi,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 165054,Neoerythromma gladiolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoerythromma,gladiolatum,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1930", 165057,Lestes tikalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,tikalus,,,,,"Kormondy, 1959", 165058,Erpetogomphus sipedon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,sipedon,,,,,"Calvert, 1905", 165067,Palaemnema paulina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,paulina,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 165069,Palaemnema bilobulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,bilobulata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 165302,Potamotrygon constellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,constellata,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1880)","Rough Freshwater Stingray (Potamotrygon constellata) was first described by Vaillant, 1880, and later Garman, 1913 described Potamotrygon circularis. Rosa (1985) considered in his review that P. circularis was a junior synonym of Potamotrygon constellata based on the presence of large tuberculae on the disc  margins. Later, other species also presented the large tubeculae on disc margins as well, and it is considered that further studies are necessary for taxonomic validity of this species (Lasso et al., 2013).  Last et al. (2016) considered this species to be a possible synonym of Reticulate Freshwater Stingray (Potamotrygon orbignyi) . 
CR Note: Complete as noted by NKD and entered into SIS by Wade" 165303,Potamotrygon ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,ocellata,,,,,"(Engelhardt, 1912)","

Marajó Freshwater Stingray was first described as a subspecies of Potamotrygon hystrix by Engelhardt (1912), and later reclassified by Rosa (1985) as a valid species. The type specimen described by Engelhardt was lost during the II World War, then Rosa (1985) based his reclassification on another specimen collected in the same area. So based on those data and that there was no record of the species after, Last et al. 2016 remarks this species as a possible synonym of Potamotrygon motoro.

CR Note: Noted as complete by NKD and entered into SIS by Wade

" 165309,Bartlettia stefanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,ETHERIIDAE,Bartlettia,stefanensis,,,,,"Moricand, 1856", 16532,Pene galilaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Pene,galilaea,,,,,"Heller, 1972", 165322,Theodoxus prevostianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,prevostianus,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)",This species is a probably synonym of T. danubialis (Sands et al. 2020; T.A. Neubauer pers. comm. 2021). 165346,Aretiana wolfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Aretiana,wolfi,,,,,"(Boeters & Glöer, 2007)", 165347,Theodoxus baeticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,baeticus,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)","Records of this species from other regions of Spain (Balearic Islands, Murcia and Valencia) are considered to be potentially different species." 165354,Theodoxus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Philippi, 1836)", 165356,Theodoxus saulcyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,saulcyi,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1852)", 165357,Theodoxus valentinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,valentinus,,,,,"(Graells, 1846)","Sands et al. (2020) found specimens resembling T. valentinus (collected from near the type locality) to group with T. baeticus in molecular analyses. Earlier, and in contrast, Ramos (2014) found some degree of molecular differentiation between these species based on museum type material.

Until more material is studied through more extensive methods, the status of T. valentinus remains uncertain." 165359,Theodoxus subterrelictus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,subterrelictus,,,,,"Schütt, 1963", 165360,Theodoxus varius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,varius,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)","

Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006) recognise two subspecies of Theodoxus varius:

Theodoxus varius varius (Menke, 1828), synonyms: rivalis Jan, 1833.
Theodoxus varius callosus (Deshayes, 1835), synonyms: limosa Récluz.

" 165396,Aplexa waterloti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Aplexa,waterloti,,,,,"(Germain, 1911)","Appleton and Dana (2005) suggest that Aplexa waterlota and Aplexa marmorata are conspecific with Aplexa mosambiquensis. There has been some suggestion that the generic affiliation is Physa (Te, ?); however T. Kristensen and R. Anderson (pers. comm.) believe that there are clear differences between these genera in this area, and this is followed here." 165402,Mutela ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,ovata,,,,,"(Swainson, 1823)", 165463,Anax immaculifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,immaculifrons,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 165481,Calopteryx xanthostoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,xanthostoma,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)","This species is sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Calopteryx splendens. It has been reported to be in introgression (genetic movement from one species gene pool to another) by Calopteryx splendens in places where both species meet. This phenomena is believed to induce a natural regression of C. xanthostoma by genetic assimilation and may eventually result in its disappearance on the long term (Weeker et al. 2001, Dumont et al. 2005)." 165542,Garra annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,annandalei,,,,,"Hora, 1921", 165544,Glyptothorax poonaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,poonaensis,,,,,"Hora, 1938","Glyptothorax poonaensis was described by Hora (1938) as Glyptothorax conirostre poonaensis." 165545,Labeo kawrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,kawrus,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Labeo kawrus was originally described as Chondrostoma kawrus by Sykes (1839) from Bhima river, Maharashtra, India. Generic status of the fish was changed to Cirrhina (Day 1876) and later changed to Labeo (Day 1877), which is now considered as valid (Jayaram and Dhas 2000)." 165548,Schismatorhynchos nukta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schismatorhynchos,nukta,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Schismatorhynchos nukta was originally described as Cyprinus nukta by Sykes (1839) from Indrayani river near Mahalunge, Maharashtra, India. Day (1872) changed the generic status of the fish to Labeo, while Hora (1942) changed the generic status of the fish to Schismatorhynchos." 165561,Erethistoides senkhiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistoides,senkhiensis,,,,,"Tamang, Chaudhry & Choudhury, 2008",
 165562,Urothemis signata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,signata,,,,,"Rambur, 1842","A number of subspecies are recognised for Urothemis signata. Of these, U. s. aliena Selys, 1878 was described as and is still is often treated as a distinct species (e.g. Theischinger and Hawking 2006). U. s. aethiopica Nielsen, 1957 is a junior synonym of U. thomasi Longfield,1932 and is not considered further in this assessment. The whole complex should be re-examined." 16557,Penescosta mathewsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Penescosta,mathewsi,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 16558,Penescosta sororcula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Penescosta,sororcula,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 165592,Sphaerium austeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,austeni,,,,,"Prashad, 1921", 165607,Chaetodon falcula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,falcula,,,,,"Bloch, 1795", 165608,Heniochus pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,pleurotaenia,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 165609,Chaetodon larvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,larvatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165610,Chaetodon leucopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,leucopleura,,,,,"Playfair, 1867", 165611,Chaetodon ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,ocellatus,,,,,"Bloch, 1787", 165612,Chaetodon zanzibarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,zanzibarensis,,,,,"Playfair, 1867", 165613,Prognathodes brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,brasiliensis,,,,,"Burgess, 2001", 165614,Roa jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Roa,jayakari,,,,,"(Norman, 1939)","This species has formerly been included within Chaetodon modestus (now Roa modestus)." 165615,Chaetodon mertensii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,mertensii,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165616,Chelmon marginalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chelmon,marginalis,,,,,"Richardson, 1842", 165617,Hemitaurichthys multispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Hemitaurichthys,multispinosus,,,,,"Randall, 1975","This species is a synonym with Hemitaurichthy multispinus. Hemitaurichthy multispinosus was named in 1975, H. multispinus was named in 1978. Hemitaurichthy multispinosus is the valid species name." 165618,Chaetodon mesoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,mesoleucos,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775", 165619,Chaetodon guttatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,guttatissimus,,,,,"Bennett, 1833", 165620,Chaetodon burgessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,burgessi,,,,,"Allen & Starck, 1973","

The taxonomic status of populations recorded from areas in the eastern parts of the range (e.g.the Marshall Islands) needs further research to better understand the presence of this species in these areas.

" 165621,Prognathodes aya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,aya,,,,,"(Jordan, 1886)", 165622,Heniochus singularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,singularius,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1911", 165623,Chaetodon octofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,octofasciatus,,,,,"Bloch, 1787", 165624,Chaetodon triangulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,triangulum,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165625,Chaetodon paucifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,paucifasciatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 165626,Heniochus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,acuminatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species is easily confused with Heniochus diphreutes." 165627,Prognathodes aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,aculeatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 165628,Chaetodon kleinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,kleinii,,,,,"Bloch, 1790", 165630,Chaetodon vagabundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,vagabundus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Closely related to Chaetodon decussatus and pictus (latter formerly regarded as a synonym). 165631,Chaetodon auriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,auriga,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775","The Red Sea population generally lacks the dark spot on the soft dorsal fin. This population has been described as the sub-species C. auriga setifer Ahl 1923. However most recent authors regard it a conspecific with C. auriga." 165632,Chaetodon punctatofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,punctatofasciatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165633,Johnrandallia nigrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Johnrandallia,nigrirostris,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 165634,Chaetodon austriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,austriacus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1836", 165635,Chaetodon humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,humeralis,,,,,"Günther, 1860", 165636,Chaetodon nippon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,nippon,,,,,"Steindachner & Döderlein, 1883", 165637,Chaetodon striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,striatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 165638,Chaetodon meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,meyeri,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801", 165639,Roa excelsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Roa,excelsa,,,,,"(Jordan, 1921)","This species has formerly been included within Chaetodon modestus (now Roa modestus)." 165640,Heniochus chrysostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,chrysostomus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165641,Chaetodon ornatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,ornatissimus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165642,Chaetodon madagaskariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,madagaskariensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 165643,Chaetodon selene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,selene,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 165644,Prognathodes guezei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,guezei,,,,,"(Maugé & Bauchot, 1976)", 165645,Prognathodes guyotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,guyotensis,,,,,"(Yamamoto & Tameka, 1982)", 165646,Prognathodes guyanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,guyanensis,,,,,"(Durand, 1960)", 165647,Chaetodon pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,pictus,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775","Was previously treated as a synonym of Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758." 165648,Chaetodon decussatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,decussatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 165649,Chaetodon gardineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,gardineri,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 165650,Heniochus monoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,monoceros,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165651,Chaetodon lunula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,lunula,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 165652,Heniochus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,varius,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 165653,Chaetodon pelewensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,pelewensis,,,,,"Kner, 1868", 165654,Chaetodon dolosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,dolosus,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 165655,Chaetodon multicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,multicinctus,,,,,"Garrett, 1863", 165656,Chaetodon xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,xanthurus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1857", 165657,Chaetodon plebeius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,plebeius,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165658,Prognathodes carlhubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,carlhubbsi,,,,,"Nalbant, 1995","Very similar to Prognathus falcifer, which is found in the northern part of the eastern tropical Pacific region. Genetic and morphological studies are needed to confirm whether specifically distinct from P. falcifer." 165659,Chelmon rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chelmon,rostratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 165660,Chelmon muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chelmon,muelleri,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879", 165661,Parachaetodon ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Parachaetodon,ocellatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 165662,Chaetodon fremblii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,fremblii,,,,,"Bennett, 1828", 165663,Chaetodon argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,argentatus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1911", 165664,Chaetodon oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,oxycephalus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 165665,Chaetodon ulietensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,ulietensis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831","Records in the Indian Ocean west of Cocos Keeling are based on its sister species Chaetodon falcula." 165666,Chaetodon mitratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,mitratus,,,,,"Günther, 1860", 165667,Forcipiger longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Forcipiger,longirostris,,,,,"(Broussonet, 1782)", 165668,Chaetodon citrinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,citrinellus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165669,Chaetodon lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,lineolatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165670,Chaetodon semilarvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,semilarvatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165671,Chaetodon xanthocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,xanthocephalus,,,,,"Bennett, 1833", 165672,Hemitaurichthys polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Hemitaurichthys,polylepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 165673,Chaetodon trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,trifasciatus,,,,,"Park, 1797",Pacific populations formerly referred to as Chaetodon trifasciatus are now considered to be distinct as Chaetodon lunulatus. 165674,Prognathodes marcellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,marcellae,,,,,"(Poll, 1950)", 165675,Chaetodon smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,smithi,,,,,"Randall, 1975", 165676,Chaetodon ocellicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,ocellicaudus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165677,Roa modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Roa,modestus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)","Chaetodon modestus is the oldest available name for this species. Sometimes it is broken up into three separate species, C. modestus has a broad Pacific Ocean distribution, C. jayakari is found in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea and C. excelsa is found in Hawaii and Marianas Islands. Currently, all three species are placed under the genus Roa." 165678,Chaetodon quadrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,quadrimaculatus,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 165679,Chaetodon trichrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,trichrous,,,,,"Günther, 1874", 165680,Chaetodon rafflesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,rafflesii,,,,,"Anonymous [Bennett], 1830", 165681,Chaetodon ephippium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,ephippium,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165682,Amphichaetodon howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Amphichaetodon,howensis,,,,,"(Waite, 1903)", 165683,Heniochus diphreutes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,diphreutes,,,,,"Jordan, 1903","This species is frequently confused with Heniochus acuminatus." 165684,Chaetodon interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,interruptus,,,,,"Ahl, 1923","This species has formerly been considered to be a subspecies of Chaetodon unimaculatus." 165685,Chaetodon wiebeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,wiebeli,,,,,"Kaup, 1863", 165686,Chaetodon bennetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,bennetti,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165687,Chaetodon tricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,tricinctus,,,,,"Waite, 1901", 165688,Chaetodon flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,flavirostris,,,,,"Günther, 1874", 165689,Chaetodon melannotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,melannotus,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801", 165690,Prognathodes dichrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,dichrous,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 165691,Heniochus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Heniochus,intermedius,,,,,"Steindachner, 1893", 165692,Chaetodon baronessa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,baronessa,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 165693,Chaetodon auripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,auripes,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1901", 165694,Chaetodon speculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,speculum,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165695,Chaetodon capistratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,capistratus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 165696,Chaetodon nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Sauvage, 1880", 165697,Coradion altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Coradion,altivelis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1916", 165698,Chaetodon tinkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,tinkeri,,,,,"Schultz, 1951","Chaetodon tinkeri is here defined as comprising the Hawaiian, Johnston Atoll and Raratonga populations. The taxonomic status of populations recorded from areas in the western parts of the range needs further taxonomic research." 165699,Chaetodon daedalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,daedalma,,,,,"Jordan & Fowler, 1902", 165700,Chaetodon hoefleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,hoefleri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1881", 165701,Prognathodes falcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,falcifer,,,,,"(Hubbs & Rechnitzer, 1958)","Very similar to Prognathus carlhubbsi, which is found in the southern part of the eastern tropical Pacific region. Genetic and morphological studies are needed to confirm whether specifically distinct from P. carlhubbsi." 165702,Coradion chrysozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Coradion,chrysozonus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 165703,Chaetodon aureofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,aureofasciatus,,,,,"Macleay, 1878", 165704,Chaetodon lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,lunulatus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1825","Widely cited in the literature as Chaetodon trifasciatus, a species now regarded as being restricted to the Indian Ocean and Coral Triangle." 165705,Chaetodon fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,fasciatus,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775", 165706,Chelmonops curiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chelmonops,curiosus,,,,,"Kuiter, 1986", 165707,Chaetodon andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,andamanensis,,,,,"Kuiter & Debelius, 1999","Previously lumped with C. plebeius." 165708,Chaetodon declivis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,declivis,,,,,"Randall, 1975", 165709,Chaetodon blackburnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,blackburnii,,,,,"Desjardins, 1836", 165710,Chaetodon assarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,assarius,,,,,"Waite, 1905", 165711,Chaetodon adiergastos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,adiergastos,,,,,"Seale, 1910", 165712,Chaetodon trifascialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,trifascialis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1825", 165713,Chaetodon reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,reticulatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 165714,Chaetodon unimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,unimaculatus,,,,,"Bloch, 1787","Indian Ocean records west of Coco-Keeling, Christmas Island and Java are based on the sister species Chaetodon interruptus." 165715,Chaetodon sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 165716,Forcipiger flavissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Forcipiger,flavissimus,,,,,"Jordan & McGregor, 1898", 165717,Chaetodon rainfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,rainfordi,,,,,"McCulloch, 1923", 165718,Chaetodon guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,guentheri,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 165719,Hemitaurichthys zoster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Hemitaurichthys,zoster,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)", 165720,Chelmonops truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chelmonops,truncatus,,,,,"(Kner, 1859)", 165721,Chaetodon miliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,miliaris,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1825", 165723,Chaetodon collare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,collare,,,,,"Bloch, 1787", 165724,Chaetodon melapterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,melapterus,,,,,"Guichenot, 1863", 165725,Chaetodon semeion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,semeion,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 165726,Chaetodon dialeucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,dialeucos,,,,,"Salm & Mee, 1989", 165727,Amphichaetodon melbae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Amphichaetodon,melbae,,,,,"Burgess & Caldwell, 1978", 165760,Pisidium langleyanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,langleyanum,,,,,"Melville & Ponsonby, 1891","Difficult to identify to species level, and therefore there are doubts over the validity of some the Pisiidium species reported from the southern African region." 165764,Lobogenes michaelis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Lobogenes,michaelis,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927", 165770,Sphaerium incomitatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,incomitatum,,,,,"(Kuiper, 1966)", 165774,Cleopatra nsendweensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,nsendweensis,,,,,"Dupuis & Putzeys, 1902","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 165781,Corbicula astartina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,astartina,,,,,"von Martens, 1860",Might be a pale form of Corbicula fluminalis. 165791,Bulinus scalaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,scalaris,,,,,"(Dunker, 1845)",This is a somewhat obscure species of the Bulinus forskalii group. More research is needed to confirm the validity and actual taxonomic status of that species. 165797,Gabbiella kisalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,kisalensis,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927)", 16580,Perca fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Perca,fluviatilis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 165800,Assiminea bifasciata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,bifasciata,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 165801,Aspatharia rugifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,rugifera,,,,,"(Dunker, 1858)", 165806,Melanoides recticosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,recticosta,,,,,"(Martens, 1882)", 165812,Eupera ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,ovata,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)",The whole genus Eupera needs to be revised. 165814,Cleopatra elata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,elata,,,,,"Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 16582,Percichthys melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Percichthys,melanops,,,,,"Girard, 1855", 165822,Apolemichthys griffisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,griffisi,,,,,"(Carlson & Taylor, 1981)", 165823,Centropyge nahackyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,nahackyi,,,,,"Kosaki, 1989", 165824,Centropyge boylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,boylei,,,,,"Pyle & Randall, 1992","This species is often included within the genus Paracentropyge (R. Pyle pers. comm. 2009)." 165825,Holacanthus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Holacanthus,africanus,,,,,"Cadenat, 1951", 165826,Chaetodontoplus chrysocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,chrysocephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","Specimens of this species may be the adult male form of Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis, or might possibly represent hybrids (Carpenter and Niem 1999)." 165827,Genicanthus takeuchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,takeuchii,,,,,"Pyle, 1997", 165828,Centropyge fisheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,fisheri,,,,,"(Snyder, 1904)", 165829,Pomacanthus xanthometopon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,xanthometopon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 16583,Percilia gillissi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Percilia,gillissi,,,,,"Girard, 1855", 165830,Centropyge hotumatua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,hotumatua,,,,,"Randall & Caldwell, 1973", 165831,Pomacanthus chrysurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,chrysurus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 165832,Holacanthus bermudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Holacanthus,bermudensis,,,,,"Goode, 1876","The entire population in Bermuda, Florida Keys, and the east coast of Florida may consist of hybrids between this species and Holacanthus ciliaris (L. Rocha pers. comm. 2009).

H. bermudensis and H. passer may, in fact, be sister species (thus potentially breaking up the subgenera Plitops and Angelichthys) (Alva-Campbell et al. 2010)

" 165833,Pomacanthus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,maculosus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 165834,Apolemichthys arcuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,arcuatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 165835,Apolemichthys trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,trimaculatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)","Apolemichthys armitagei Smith, 1955, is a hybrid between A. trimaculatus and A. xanthurus (Pyle and Randall 1994)." 165836,Holacanthus limbaughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Holacanthus,limbaughi,,,,,"Baldwin, 1963", 165837,Centropyge argi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,argi,,,,,"Woods & Kanazawa, 1951", 165838,Centropyge colini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,colini,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Randall, 1974", 165839,Pomacanthus asfur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,asfur,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 16584,Percilia irwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Percilia,irwini,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928", 165840,Pomacanthus sexstriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,sexstriatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 165841,Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,xanthopunctatus,,,,,"Burgess, 1973", 165842,Pomacanthus rhomboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,rhomboides,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 165843,Genicanthus melanospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,melanospilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 165844,Apolemichthys xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,xanthurus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1833)","Apolemichthys armitagei Smith, 1955, is a hybrid between A. trimaculatus and A. xanthurus (Pyle and Randall 1994)." 165845,Genicanthus caudovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,caudovittatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 165846,Genicanthus spinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,spinus,,,,,"Randall, 1975", 165847,Chaetodontoplus ballinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,ballinae,,,,,"Whitley, 1959", 165848,Centropyge heraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,heraldi,,,,,"Woods & Schultz, 1953","Some populations (e.g. Fiji and Coral Sea) have a black marking on the soft dorsal fin and are sometimes referred to as a different species Centropyge woodheadi, however most taxonomists do no consider these populations to be a distinct (L. Rocha and R. Pyle pers. comm. 2009)." 165849,Centropyge ferrugata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,ferrugata,,,,,"Randall & Burgess, 1972", 165850,Chaetodontoplus melanosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,melanosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 165851,Pomacanthus semicirculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,semicirculatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 165852,Paracentropyge multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Paracentropyge,multifasciata,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1911)", 165853,Apolemichthys xanthotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,xanthotis,,,,,"(Fraser-Brunner, 1950)", 165854,Centropyge debelius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,debelius,,,,,"Pyle, 1990", 165855,Centropyge eibli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,eibli,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1963","An unusually coloured population of what appears to be this species occurs at Rowley Shoals off Western Australia and may represent a distinct species (Debelius et al. 2003)." 165856,Genicanthus semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,semifasciatus,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1934)", 165857,Chaetodontoplus duboulayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,duboulayi,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 165858,Centropyge interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,interruptus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1918)", 165860,Centropyge vrolikii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,vrolikii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 165861,Holacanthus clarionensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Holacanthus,clarionensis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 165862,Pomacanthus imperator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,imperator,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)",Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean populations may represent separate species. 165863,Chaetodontoplus dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)","This species has previously been considered to be a colour form of Chaetodontoplus melanosoma (Steene 1978)." 165864,Genicanthus bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,bellus,,,,,"Randall, 1975", 165865,Centropyge aurantonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,aurantonotus,,,,,"Burgess, 1974", 165867,Pomacanthus navarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,navarchus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 165868,Centropyge nox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,nox,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 165869,Apolemichthys guezei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Apolemichthys,guezei,,,,,"(Randall & Maugé, 1978)", 165870,Chaetodontoplus conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,conspicillatus,,,,,"(Waite, 1900)", 165871,Centropyge bispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,bispinosa,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 165872,Genicanthus watanabei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,watanabei,,,,,"(Yasuda & Tominaga, 1970)", 165873,Pomacanthus annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,annularis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 165874,Genicanthus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,personatus,,,,,"Randall, 1975", 165875,Centropyge shepardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,shepardi,,,,,"Randall & Yasuda, 1979", 165876,Centropyge multispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,multispinis,,,,,"(Playfair, 1867)", 165878,Centropyge flavissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,flavissima,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)",Populations from the Indian Ocean have slight colour differences and are possibly a distinct species (L. Rocha pers. comm. 2009). 165879,Holacanthus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Holacanthus,tricolor,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)", 165880,Holacanthus passer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Holacanthus,passer,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 165881,Chaetodontoplus personifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,personifer,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1914)", 165882,Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)", 165883,Holacanthus ciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Holacanthus,ciliaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Holacanthus ciliaris are closely related to blue angelfish Holacanthus bermudensis Goode, and colouration is the only reliable character to separate these species (Feeley et al. 2009). 

" 165884,Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,mesoleucus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)","The species Chaetodontoplus poliourus was recently separated from C. mesoleucus (Randall and Rocha 2009)." 165885,Pygoplites diacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pygoplites,diacanthus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1772)",The Pacific and Indian Ocean population of this species may eventually be regarded as distinct species based on differences in colour patterns and potential genetic differences (R. Pyle pers. comm. 2009). 165887,Pomacanthus arcuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,arcuatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 165888,Genicanthus lamarck,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,lamarck,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 165889,Pomacanthus zonipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,zonipectus,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 165890,Centropyge joculator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,joculator,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Randall, 1974", 165891,Chaetodontoplus meredithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,meredithi,,,,,"Kuiter, 1990", 165892,Chaetodontoplus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,niger,,,,,"Chan, 1966", 165893,Centropyge aurantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,aurantia,,,,,"Randall & Wass, 1974", 165894,Chaetodontoplus caeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,caeruleopunctatus,,,,,"Yasuda & Tominaga, 1976", 165895,Centropyge flavipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,flavipectoralis,,,,,"Randall & Klausewitz, 1977", 165896,Centropyge multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,multicolor,,,,,"Randall & Wass, 1974", 165897,Centropyge nigriocellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,nigriocellus,,,,,"Woods & Schultz, 1953", 165898,Pomacanthus paru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Pomacanthus,paru,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 165899,Centropyge potteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,potteri,,,,,"(Jordan & Metz, 1912)", 165900,Centropyge venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,venusta,,,,,"(Yasuda & Tominaga, 1969)","This species is often included within the genus Paracentropyge." 165901,Centropyge tibicen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,tibicen,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 165902,Centropyge bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,bicolor,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 165903,Centropyge narcosis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,narcosis,,,,,"Pyle & Randall, 1993", 165910,Chromis cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,cyanea,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 165912,Conocara nigrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Conocara,nigrum,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 165914,Orconectes quinebaugensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,quinebaugensis,,,,,"Mathews & Warren, 2008","This species has recently been differentiated from its sister species Orconectes virilis based on recent molecular studies and minor gonadal morphology (Mathews and Warren 2008, Mathews et al. 2008)." 165917,Procambarus maya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,maya,,,,,"Alvarez, López-Mejía & Villalobos, 2007", 165918,Procambarus pentastylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pentastylus,,,,,"Walls & Black, 2008", 165919,Euastacus maccai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,maccai,,,,,"McCormack & Coughran, 2008", 165920,Cherax boesemani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,boesemani,,,,,"Lukhaup & Peckny, 2008", 165921,Cherax peknyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,peknyi,,,,,"Lukhaup & Herbert, 2008", 165922,Cherax monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,monticola,,,,,"Holthuis, 1950", 16597,Perdicella kuhnsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,kuhnsi,,,,,, 16598,Perdicella carinella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,carinella,,,,,"Baldwin, 1906", 16599,Perdicella helena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,helena,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1853)", 16600,Perdicella ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,ornata,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1912", 166060,Distoechodon tumirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Distoechodon,tumirostris,,,,,"Peters, 1881", 166061,Microphysogobio chenhsienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,chenhsienensis,,,,,"(Fang, 1938)", 166073,Tanichthys albonubes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,TANICHTHYIDAE,Tanichthys,albonubes,,,,,"Lin, 1932", 166074,Siniperca fortis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,fortis,,,,,"(Lin, 1932)","The species requires taxonomic study as it may be synonymous with Siniperca obscura (Nichols 1943)." 166075,Garra yiliangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,yiliangensis,,,,,"Wu & Chen, 1977","Need to be compared with Garra poilanei from northern Viet Nam, Yunnan and northern Lao P.D.R. (Kottelat 2001)." 166008,Siniperca obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,obscura,,,,,"Nichols, 1930", 166009,Takifugu orbimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,orbimaculatus,,,,,"Kuang, Li & Liang, 1984 ", 166078,Siniperca roulei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,roulei,,,,,"Wu, 1930", 16601,Perdicella fulgurans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,fulgurans,,,,,Sykes, 166079,Hypseleotris compressocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,compressocephalus,,,,,"(Chen, 1985)", 166010,Leptobotia pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Leptobotia,pellegrini,,,,,"Fang, 1936", 166011,Megalobrama amblycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Megalobrama,amblycephala,,,,,"Yih, 1955","
" 166012,Sinogastromyzon sichangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,sichangensis,,,,,"Chang, 1944", 166081,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hypophthalmichthys,molitrix,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)", 166014,Tachysurus adiposalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,adiposalis,,,,,"(Oshima, 1919) ", 166015,Pseudogobio vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Pseudogobio,vaillanti,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)", 166084,Acrossocheilus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 166016,Cirrhinus molitorella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,molitorella,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)","The type locality of molitorella is in China. There are a number of synonyms; it was described as prosemion. Cirrhinus molitorella as currently understood may represent a number of separate species and taxonomic work is required to confirm the distribution of Cirrhinus molitorella. The population from the Mekong might be better named as C. stigmapleura (Fowler, 1937).
" 166085,Gobiobotia tungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobiobotia,tungi,,,,,"Fang, 1933","" 166017,Paralepidocephalus yui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Paralepidocephalus,yui,,,,,"Tchang, 1935", 166087,Onychostoma rarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,rarum,,,,,"(Lin, 1933) ",


166019,Tachysurus ondon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,ondon,,,,,"(Shaw, 1930)","
" 166088,Beaufortia polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Beaufortia,polylepis,,,,,"Chen, 1982", 16602,Perdicella maniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,maniensis,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1856)", 166089,Balitora longibarbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,longibarbata,,,,,"(Chen, 1982) ","
" 166022,Glyptothorax pallozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,pallozonus,,,,,"(Lin, 1934)", 166091,Toxabramis hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Toxabramis,hoffmanni,,,,,"Lin, 1934", 166093,Hemiculter tchangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculter,tchangi,,,,,"Fang, 1942",


166025,Rhodeus lighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,lighti,,,,,"(Wu, 1931) ", 166094,Anabarilius qiluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,qiluensis,,,,,"Chen & Chu, 1980","
" 166026,Parabotia maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,maculosa,,,,,"(Wu, 1939)", 166095,Tachysurus fulvidraco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,fulvidraco,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)","Ideally, the populations of “T. fulvidraco” from throughout East Asia should be compared to fully ascertain the number of valid species (Ng and Kottelat 2007)." 166027,Pseudorasbora elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Pseudorasbora,elongata,,,,,"Wu, 1939", 166096,Anabarilius maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,maculatus,,,,,"Chen & Chu, 1980","
" 166028,Microphysogobio tungtingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,tungtingensis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1926)","
" 16603,Perdicella zebra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,zebra,,,,,Newcomb, 166099,Cyprinus ilishaestomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,ilishaestomus,,,,,"Chen & Huang, 1977", 166100,Formosania tinkhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Formosania,tinkhami,,,,,"(Herre, 1934)","


" 166101,Yaoshania pachychilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Yaoshania,pachychilus,,,,,"(Chen, 1980)", 166102,Hemibarbus umbrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Hemibarbus,umbrifer,,,,,"(Lin, 1931)", 166033,Decorus decorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Decorus,decorus,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)",


166034,Acrossocheilus iridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,iridescens,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)",The taxonomic identify of the species needs to be confirmed through study of the specimen material across its range. 166104,Sinibrama macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Sinibrama,macrops,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 166105,Gnathopogon taeniellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gnathopogon,taeniellus,,,,,"(Nichols, 1925)","" 166037,Platysmacheilus exiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Platysmacheilus,exiguus,,,,,"(Lin, 1932) ","
" 166107,Chanodichthys recurviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Chanodichthys,recurviceps,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)","
" 166038,Ptychidio macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Ptychidio,macrops,,,,,"Fang, 1981", 166108,Cobitis arenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,arenae,,,,,"(Lin, 1934)", 166039,Cyprinus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,barbatus,,,,,"Chen & Huang, 1977", 166109,Chanodichthys dabryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Chanodichthys,dabryi,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1871)",Most likely a species complex. 16604,Perdicella zebrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Perdicella,zebrina,,,,,Pfeiffer, 166040,Tachysurus argentivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,argentivittatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)",
 166111,Beaufortia cyclica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Beaufortia,cyclica,,,,,"Chen, 1980", 166041,Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,szechuanensis,,,,,"Fang, 1930", 166042,Rectoris luxiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Rectoris,luxiensis,,,,,"Wu & Yao, 1977", 166114,Sinocyclocheilus yangzongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,yangzongensis,,,,,"Tsü & Chen, 1977", 166045,Altigena yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Altigena,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He, 1977)","The species is more correctly placed in Labeo as Labeo yunnanensis Chaudhuri 1911. Further work is required to confirm the correct taxonomy." 166116,Sinocyclocheilus tingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,tingi,,,,,"Fang, 1936", 166046,Onychostoma barbatulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,barbatulum,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1908)", 166047,Hemibarbus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Hemibarbus,longirostris,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)","
" 166119,Acrossocheilus parallens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,parallens,,,,,"(Nichols, 1931)", 166048,Garra orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,orientalis,,,,,"Nichols, 1925","
" 166120,Rhodeus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,sinensis,,,,,"Günther, 1868","Previously thought a synonym of Rhodeus ocellatus, considered a valid species by Akai and Arai (1998).
" 166049,Anabarilius macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,macrolepis,,,,,"Yih & Wu, 1964", 166121,Paranemachilus genilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paranemachilus,genilepis,,,,,"Zhu, 1983", 166122,Anabarilius transmontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,transmontanus,,,,,"(Nichols, 1925)","
" 166123,Channa gachua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,gachua,,,,,(Hamilton 1822),"There is clear evidence that C. gachua as presently understood is a species complex.  Early information from current research indicates that the group represents at least 3-4 species (R. Britz pers. comm.).  Taxonomic revision is required." 166055,Rhodeus fangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,fangi,,,,,"(Miao, 1934)", 166127,Silurus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,meridionalis,,,,,"Chen, 1977", 166056,Pterocryptis anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,anomala,,,,,"(Herre, 1934)","
" 166063,Parabotia lijiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,lijiangensis,,,,,"Chen, 1980", 166129,Traccatichthys pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Traccatichthys,pulcher,,,,,"(Nichols & Pope, 1927)", 166065,Microphysogobio fukiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,fukiensis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1926) ","




" 166130,Acheilognathus macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,macropterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1871)","Some of the synonyms of this species probably refer to other species.
" 166131,Vanmanenia pingchowensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,pingchowensis,,,,,"(Fang, 1935)", 166067,Cyprinus longzhouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,longzhouensis,,,,,"Yang & Hwang, 1977","
" 166068,Anabarilius yangzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,yangzonensis,,,,,"Chen & Chu, 1980","
" 166069,Discogobio yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discogobio,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1907)", 166070,Altigena wui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Altigena,wui,,,,,"(Zheng & Chen, 1983) ","" 166139,Acrossocheilus hemispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,hemispinus,,,,,"(Nichols, 1925)","A. h. cinctus has not been included in the assessment as this is thought to be a separate species (N. Boutskaya and F. Fang, pers. comm.)." 166140,Siniperca undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SINIPERCIDAE,Siniperca,undulata,,,,,"Fang & Chong, 1932", 166141,Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudogyrinocheilus,prochilus,,,,,"(Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)", 166142,Acheilognathus barbatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,barbatulus,,,,,"Günther, 1873","
" 166144,Glossogobius olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,olivaceus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)", 166145,Schizothorax wangchiachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,wangchiachii,,,,,"(Fang, 1936)", 166146,Cirrhinus mrigala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,mrigala,,,,,(Hamilton 1822) ,"Roberts (1997) considered Cirrhinus mrigala as a junior synonym of Cirrhinus cirrhosus. Nevertheless, both the species are remarkably different." 166147,Microphysogobio tafangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,tafangensis,,,,,"(Wang, 1935)","
" 166149,Sinogastromyzon wui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,wui,,,,,"Fang, 1930", 166151,Sinibotia zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Sinibotia,zebra,,,,,"(Wu, 1939)", 166154,Sarcocheilichthys parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Sarcocheilichthys,parvus,,,,,"Nichols, 1930", 166155,Pseudolaubuca engraulis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Pseudolaubuca,engraulis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1925)", 166156,Microphysogobio chinssuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,chinssuensis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1926)","" 166157,Cyprinus fuxianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,fuxianensis,,,,,"Yang et al., 1977", 16616,Peripatoides indigo,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATOPSIDAE,Peripatoides,indigo,,,,,"Ruhberg, 198", 166160,Pseudogastromyzon fangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Pseudogastromyzon,fangi,,,,,"(Nichols, 1931)", 166162,Hemimyzon macroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,macroptera,,,,,"Zheng, 1982","
" 166163,Squalidus wolterstorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Squalidus,wolterstorffi,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 166164,Xiurenbagrus xiurenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Xiurenbagrus,xiurenensis,,,,,"(Yue, 1981)", 166165,Parasinilabeo assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Parasinilabeo,assimilis,,,,,"Wu & Yao, 1977", 166166,Ptychidio jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Ptychidio,jordani,,,,,"Myers, 1930", 166167,Atrilinea roulei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Atrilinea,roulei,,,,,"(Wu, 1931)",


166168,Pareuchiloglanis longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pareuchiloglanis,longicauda,,,,,"(Yue, 1981)", 166169,Cyprinus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,yunnanensis,,,,,"Tchang, 1933", 16617,Peripatoides suteri,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATOPSIDAE,Peripatoides,suteri,,,,,"(Dendy, 1900)", 166170,Acheilognathus taenianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,taenianalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)","
" 166173,Leptobotia guilinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Leptobotia,guilinensis,,,,,"Chen, 1980", 166174,Aphyocypris chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Aphyocypris,chinensis,,,,,"Günther, 1868",This is most likely a species complex. 166175,Microphysogobio kiatingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,kiatingensis,,,,,"(Wu, 1930)","
" 166177,Anabarilius andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,andersoni,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 166178,Aphyocypris arcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Aphyocypris,arcus,,,,,"(Lin, 1931)", 166179,Acheilognathus tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,tonkinensis,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1892)","There are probably several species are confused under this species name (Kottelat 2001). Comparison of fresh specimens are required, and it is likely that the species may represent a number of separate species ranges in China." 16618,Peripatopsis alba,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATOPSIDAE,Peripatopsis,alba,,,,,"Lawrence, 1931", 166182,Discogobio tetrabarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discogobio,tetrabarbatus,,,,,"Lin, 1931","" 166185,Hemiculterella sauvagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemiculterella,sauvagei,,,,,"Warpachowski, 1887", 166186,Acrossocheilus beijiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,beijiangensis,,,,,"Wu & Lin, 1977", 166187,Acrossocheilus rendahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,rendahli,,,,,"(Lin, 1931)", 16619,Peripatopsis clavigera,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATOPSIDAE,Peripatopsis,clavigera,,,,,"Purcell, 1899", 166190,Parabotia banarescui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,banarescui,,,,,"(Nalbant, 1965)", 166192,Poropuntius chonglingchungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,chonglingchungi,,,,,"(Tchang, 1938)", 166194,Glyptothorax fokiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,fokiensis,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1925)","
" 166199,Pseudogastromyzon myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Pseudogastromyzon,myersi,,,,,"Herre, 1932", 16620,Peripatopsis leonina,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATOPSIDAE,Peripatopsis,leonina,,,,,"Purcell, 1899", 166201,Yunnanilus pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,pleurotaenia,,,,,"(Regan, 1904) ", 166202,Hemibagrus macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,macropterus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1870", 166204,Beaufortia pingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Beaufortia,pingi,,,,,"(Fang, 1930)", 166206,Parabotia fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,fasciatus,,,,,"Guichenot in Dabry de Thiersant, 1872", 166208,Onychostoma barbatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,barbatum,,,,,"(Lin, 1931)",


166209,Percocypris pingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Percocypris,pingi,,,,,"(Tchang, 1930)",

The taxonomy of the populations in the Yangtze and the Salween and the Mekong need to be resolved. There are three subspecies.

166210,Cyprinus chilia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,chilia,,,,,"Wu, Yang & Huang, 1963", 166213,Cranoglanis bouderius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CRANOGLANIDIDAE,Cranoglanis,bouderius,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 166247,Hyriopsis cumingii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hyriopsis,cumingii,,,,,"(Lea, 1852)","


" 16625,Pernagera gatliffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Pernagera,gatliffi,,,,,"Gabriel, 1930", 166256,Oncomelania hupensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Oncomelania,hupensis,,,,,(Liu et al.), 166258,Intha umbilicalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Intha,umbilicalis,,,,,"(Benson, 1836)","Brandt (1974) and Subba Rao (1989) treated Hippeutis umbilicalis as Hippeutis (Helicorbis) umbilicalis." 166260,Lanceolaria triformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lanceolaria,triformis,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)","


" 166262,Schistodesmus lampreyanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Schistodesmus,lampreyanus,,,,,"(Baird & Adams, 1867)",


166264,Lamprotula zonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,zonata,,,,,"(Heude, 1883)","


" 166266,Cuneopsis heudei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cuneopsis,heudei,,,,,"(Heude, 1874)","


" 166271,Cuneopsis rufescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cuneopsis,rufescens,,,,,"(Heude, 1874)","


" 166273,Acuticosta chinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Acuticosta,chinensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1868)",


166274,Arconaia lanceolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Arconaia,lanceolata,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","

This name Acuticosta lanceolata has not been used in literature, the valid name is Aconaia lanceolata (Lea) (Haas 1969 and Liu 1979).

" 166275,Cuneopsis capitatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cuneopsis,capitatus,,,,,"(Heude, 1874)","

Haas (1969) considered the species to be a synonym of Cuneopsis pisciculus.

" 166276,Lamprotula fibrosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,fibrosa,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)","

Haas (1969) placed it in the genus Quadrula.

" 166277,Lamprotula polysticta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,polysticta,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)",


166280,Lanceolaria gladiola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lanceolaria,gladiola,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)","

Haas (1969) uses this as a subspecies of L. grayana.

" 166284,Cuneopsis pisciculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cuneopsis,pisciculus,,,,,"(Heude, 1874)","


" 166286,Lamprotula leai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,leai,,,,,"(Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)","


 

" 166287,Anemina fluminea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anemina,fluminea,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)","

Haas (1969) considered it as a synonym of Anodonta woodiana.

" 166288,Lamprotula tortuosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,tortuosa,,,,,"(Lea, 1865)", 166289,Lepidodesma languilati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lepidodesma,languilati,,,,,"(Heude, 1874)","


" 166291,Lamprotula scripta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,scripta,,,,,"(Heude, 1875)","


" 166296,Schistodesmus spinosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Schistodesmus,spinosus,,,,,"(Simpson, 1900)",


166300,Lamprotula tientsinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,tientsinensis,,,,,"(Crosse & Debeaux, 1863)","


" 166301,Lamprotula bazini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,bazini,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)","

Simpson (1914) placed it in the genus Quadrula.

" 166303,Acuticosta ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Acuticosta,ovata,,,,,"(Simpson, 1900)","


" 166305,Lamprotula triclava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,triclava,,,,,"(Heude, 1877)",


166306,Cuneopsis celtiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cuneopsis,celtiformis,,,,,"(Heude, 1874)",


166308,Lamprotula rochechouartii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,rochechouartii,,,,,"(Heude, 1875)",


166311,Margarya mansuyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Margarya,mansuyi,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906)","The other names are as follows: Margarya melanioides var. Mansuyi ." 166313,Sinanodonta woodiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Sinanodonta,woodiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)","Anodonta japonica (Von Martens 1874) is part of this species complex, however, there is no available information for this synonym. Anodonta lauta and A. calipygos were treated as separate species by Kondo (2008). A large number (103 at present) of synonyms of this species have been described (see MUSSELp; Graf and Cummings 2011)." 166399,Botia rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,rostrata,,,,,"Günther, 1868",Botia rostrata which was earlier considered a junior synonym of B. almorhae has been treated valid by Ng (2007) thereby replacing the so far known B. almorhae from the Brahmaputra basin. 166400,Syncrossus berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Syncrossus,berdmorei,,,,,Blyth 1860,"Syncrossus berdmorei Blyth, 1860 was described from Tenasserim provinces, Myanmar.  " 166402,Pseudolaguvia ribeiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,ribeiroi,,,,,"(Hora, 1921)","Pseudolaguvia ribeiroi was described from the Khoila River, tributary of Tista at Jalpaiguri, India (Hora 1921)." 166404,Pangasius pangasius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,pangasius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",This species was previously thought to occur in Myanmar.  The population from Myanmar has since been described as a distinct species (P. myanmar; Roberts and Vidthayanon 1991).  Records of this species from Southeast Asia are misidentifications. 166405,Glyptothorax gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,gracilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Glyptothorax gracilis was described from the Ganges River drainage in Nepal (Günther 1864). Although this species has also been recorded from the Brahmaputra River drainage in Sikkim, India (Jayaram 1999), the conspecificity of this population with that from the Ganges River drainage requires verification." 166406,Chandramara chandramara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Chandramara,chandramara,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Chandramara chandramara was described from the Atrai River in northern Bengal (Hamilton 1822).  This species is similar to members of the genus Batasio, from which it differs by its relatively smaller size, mottled, translucent body and fewer vertebrae (34–35).  The generic assignment of this species remains unclear, and Chandramara may be a synonym of Batasio (Mo 1991).  Rama rama (Hamilton, 1822) has been sometimes thought to be a valid species (e.g. Ferraris 2007), but is more likely a synonym of C. chandramara.  This awaits further investigation." 166407,Osteobrama cotio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteobrama,cotio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Osteobrama cotio was described by Hamilton in 1822 as Cyprinus cotio. Later Shrestha (1978) treated it under genus Labeo, however,  Rahman (1989) again treated it under the genus Rohtee. But Vishwanath and Shantakumar (2007) treated it as a valid species as against the subspecies to which it was placed earlier. Thus the species is valid as Osteobrama cotio." 166408,Sisor rabdophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Sisor,rabdophorus,,,,,"Hamilton, 1822","Sisor rabdophorus was originally described from the rivers of Bengal and Bihar (Hamilton 1822). Previously thought to be widely distributed in the Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus river drainages, this species was shown to be more restricted in distribution (the lower Ganges drainage) by Ng (2003), who designated a neotype (from the Bhagirathi River, a distributary of the Ganges in West Bengal) for this species. It is likely that material identified as this species from the Indus River drainage is not conspecific." 166409,Mystus cavasius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,cavasius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Mystus cavasius was described from the Atrai River (Hamilton 1822). This species was previously thought to occur throughout the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar, but Chakrabarty and Ng (2005) showed that the name should be restricted to the populations from northern part of the subcontinent, those from the southern part are referable to M. seengtee and those from Myanmar are referable to M. falcarius." 166411,Chagunius chagunio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Chagunius,chagunio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus chagunio. Shreshtha (1978) treated it under the genus Catla. Later, Talwar and Jhingran (1991) treated it under the genus Chagunius. " 166412,Garra naganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,naganensis,,,,,"Hora, 1921","Hora (1921) described Garra naganensis from the Naga Hills, Assam, India and remarked that it is closely related to Garra kempi than to any other member of the yunnanensis complex. The species is recognised as a valid species by Menon (1964), Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Vishwanath (1993), Jayaram (1999) and Kullander and Fang (2004)." 166416,Glyptothorax pectinopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,pectinopterus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1842)","Glyptothorax pectinopterus was described from the mountains of Simla (McClelland 1842). Although both G. alaknandi and G. brevipinnis had previously been considered its junior synonym (Menon 1999), these two species are now considered distinct from G. pectinopterus." 166417,Pseudolaguvia kapuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,kapuri,,,,,"(Tilak & Husain, 1975)","This species was originally described by Tilak and Husain (1975) from the Padhoi River (in the Ganges River drainage) as a subspecies of Pseudolaguvia ribeiroi, and has been considered a synonym of P. ribeiroi by some authors (e.g. Tilak 1990; Menon 1999).  It was elevated as a species in Talwar and Jhingran (1991), and has been considered to be a distinct species in recent literature (e.g. Ng 2005)." 166418,Erethistes pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,pusillus,,,,,"Müller & Troschel, 1849","Erethistes pusillus was described from Assam (Müller and Troschel 1849). Although the species is distinguished from members of the genus Hara in having divergent (vs. antrorse) serrations on anterior edge of the pectoral spine, there appear to be no other morphological synapomorphies that suggest that the two genera are distinct. If this is the case, then members of the genus Hara should be reassigned to Erethistes, the senior synonym." 166421,Garra kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,kempi,,,,,"Hora, 1921","Garra kempi was described by Hora (1921) from Siyom River, Arunachal Pradesh, India.  It has since been considered as valid species (Menon 1964, Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Vishwanath 1993, Jayaram 1999).  Menon (1964) remarked that the range of variation of characters between the populations of the Brahmaputra and Chindwin drainages is of no taxonomic significance. Zhang and Chen (2002) considered the species to be distributed in the Yaluzangbu Jiang (Brahmaputra River) in Tibet, China and those specimens reported from the upper Irrawaddy River are described as Garra tengchongensis." 166423,Lepidocephalichthys irrorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,irrorata,,,,,"Hora, 1921", 166424,Bangana dero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,dero,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus (Bangana) dero from Brahmaputra River, India. It has treated as Labeo for sometime (Talwar and Jhingran 1991). Subgenus Bangana has been upgraded to the genus status, and Kullander et al. (1999) recognized the species as Bangana dero." 166425,Labeo catla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,catla,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","This carp has often been confused with an allied genus Catlocarpio occurring in Thailand, due to extraordinary resemblance of the two, more specially in the enormous head." 166426,Leiodon cutcutia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Leiodon,cutcutia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166427,Creteuchiloglanis kamengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Creteuchiloglanis,kamengensis,,,,,"(Jayaram, 1966)","Pareuchiloglanis kamengensis was described from the Norgum River at Kalaktang, Arunachal Pradesh, India (Jayaram 1966).  This species was previously thought to be found outside of the Brahmaputra River drainage (Chu and Mo 1999), but Ng (2004) and Li et al. (2007) showed that populations from the Irrawaddy, Salween and Mekong river drainages belonged to different species." 166428,Corica soborna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Corica,soborna,,,,,"Hamilton, 1822", 166429,Nandus nandus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Nandus,nandus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166430,Glyptothorax stolickae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,stolickae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)","Glyptothorax stolickae was described from Simla, Himachal Pradesh, by Steindachner (1867)." 166431,Aborichthys elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Aborichthys,elongatus,,,,,"Hora, 1921","Hora (1921) reported the species from Darjeeling, India. Further taxonomic work is required to investigate whether the two known populations of this species are the same." 166432,Schistura scaturigina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,scaturigina,,,,,"McClelland, 1839","McClelland (1839) described Schistura scaturigina from a figure from Hamilton's collections from Assam, India.  Banarescu & Nalbant (1995) and Vishwanath and Laishram (2001) retain the species in the genus Schistura." 166434,Aplocheilus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Aplocheilus,lineatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 166435,Gagata gagata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gagata,gagata,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",Gagata gagata was described from the fresh water rivers and estuaries of Bengal by Hamilton (1822).  This would place the type locality more likely within the Brahmaputra River drainage. 166436,Labeo gonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,gonius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 166438,Physoschistura elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Physoschistura,elongata,,,,,"Sen & Nalbant, 1982","Sen and Nalbant in Singh et al. (1982) described Physoschistura elongata from Barapani near Shillong, Meghalaya (Brahmaputra basin), India.  It is considered as a valid species by Kottelat et al. 2007.

" 166439,Dermogenys brachynotopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,brachynotopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","Dermogenys brachynotopterus was described by Bleeker (1854) from a single female holotype collected from the Hoogly River in northeastern India. This species is distinguished from congeners by its upper jaw, which is wider than long (vs. longer than wide), but the upper jaw is broken off in the holotype and only known specimen of this species in collections worldwide (Meisner 2001). Given the high number of precaudal vertebrae (26), a feature also seen in the geographically proximate congener D. burmanica, and the absence of other specimens of D. brachynotopterus to verify the utility of the upper jaw morphology as diagnostic, there is a possibility that this species is conspecific with D. burmanica. If so, D. brachynotopterus would be a senior synonym (Meisner 2001).

The species in only known from the holotype." 166440,Rasbora rasbora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,rasbora,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus rasbora from Bengal. Brittan (1972) treated the species as Rasbora rasbora." 166443,Puntius chola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,chola,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic issues associated with this species. 166445,Trichogaster lalius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichogaster,lalius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Trichopodus lalius from Gangetic provinces. Menon (1999) treated it under the genus Polyacanthus. Now the species is under Trichogaster (Topfer and Schindler 2009; Tan and Kottelat 2009)." 166448,Hemibagrus menoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,menoda,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hemibagrus menoda was described from the Kosi, Mahanadi and other rivers in the north of Bihar and Bengal, India (Hamilton 1822), with a neotype from the Surma (Meghna) River drainage in Bangladesh being designated by Ng and Ferraris (2000). This species is often referred to Mystus in the literature, and has sometimes been erroneously listed as Mystus corsula (due to the erroneous labelling of the figure accompanying the original description as ""Mugil corsula"")." 166449,Mystus tengara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,tengara,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Mystus tengara was described from the ponds of India (Hamilton 1822), although many of the species Hamilton described originated from northeastern India (making it likely that the specimens he based his description on were from that part of the subcontinent). Pimelodus carcio has long been considered a junior synonym of this species, and there has been some confusion regarding the type localities of the two nominal species: some accounts of this species (e.g. Talwar and Jhingran 1991) erroneously give the type locality of M. tengara as ""northern parts of Bengal"", most likely in confusion with the type locality of P. carcio (ponds in the northern parts of Bengal). The exact identity of M. tengara remains confused despite the providence of a figure in Hamilton (1822). Most accounts deem it to be distinct from M. vittatus, but a comparison of the figure in Hamilton (1822) shows it to be indistinguishable from what would be identified as M. vittatus from northeastern India. Mystus tengara is said to have a fontanel reaching to the base of the supraoccipital process (vs. stopping far short of the base of the supraoccipital process in M. vittatus; e.g. Talwar and Jhingran, 1991). However, the only species of striped Mystus with such a morphology is a dwarf species with a much shorter adipose-fin base than illustrated in Hamilton (1822). This miniature species matches the description of Pimelodus carcio very well, and current evidence indicates that Mystus tengara is a junior synonym of M. vittatus (unless the populations from northern and southern India are found to be distinct species, in which case the northern Indian species would be M. tengara and the southern Indian species would be M. vittatus). Therefore it seems likely that the species that most accounts refer to as M. tengara are in fact M. carcio. However, there are still some discrepancies between these accounts and what has been observed that cast some doubt on this hypothesis. For instance, many of the accounts follow Hamilton in describing the adipose-fin base of M. tengara as being longer than what has been observed for M. carcio.  Darshan et al. (2010) have recently revalidated M. carcio and differentiated it from M. tengara from northern India based on the length of the adipose fin and the cranial fontanels.  According to the study, samples from Kolkata in West Bengal and Guwahati in Assam match M. tengara, while M. carcio is found to be sympatric with M. tengara in the above two localities, it is also recorded from Meghna basin in Bangladesh and the Brahmaputra basin in Assam (Darshan et al. 2010)." 166450,Trichogaster chuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichogaster,chuna,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Trichopodus chuna from Ganges River.  Now the species is under Trichogaster (Tofper and Schindler 2009).

Hamilton described male and female of this species under two different species T. chuna, and T. sota.

" 166451,Ailia coila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Ailia,coila,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Ailia coila was originally described as Malapterurus coila by Hamilton (1822) from freshwater rivers of West Bengal. Gray's (1830) illustrations of Acanthonotus hardwickii, Silurus (Acanthonotus) cuvieri and Malapterus (Ailia) bengalensis and Günther's (1864) description of Ailia affinis are all currently synonymized to Ailia coila (Ferraris 2007).
" 166457,Garra mcclellandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,mcclellandi,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Garra mcclellandi was described as Gonorhynchus mclellandi by Jerdon (1849) from Bhavani River, at the foot of the Nilgiri hills, Manantavaddy River and Cauvery River in southern India. Subsequently, Garra jerdoni (Day 1867), Discognathus elegans (Annandale 1919) and Garra platycephala (Rao 1920) were described from Seegoor River and Bhavani River, Nierolay stream at the base of Nilgiris and Cauvery River at Srirangapattana in Karnataka respectively. Menon (1964) considered the later three species as synonyms of Garra mcclellandi." 166459,Devario aequipinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,aequipinnatus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)","McClelland (1939) described Perilampus aequipinnatus from Assam. Fang (2001) placed it under the genus Devario." 166460,Olyra horae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Olyra,horae,,,,,"(Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)",
 166462,Amblyceps mangois,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,mangois,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Amblyceps mangois is described from the Kosi River in northern Bihar, India, a tributary of the Ganges River (Hamilton, 1822). This species was previously thought to be very widespread and variable in form, ranging from the Indus River eastwards to the northern part of the Malay Peninsula (Hora 1933). However, Ng and Kottelat (2000) restrict A. mangois to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. Although some sources consider Pimelodus indicus McClelland, 1842 to be a junior subjective synonym of A. mangois (e.g. Menon 1999), Ng and Kottelat (2000) show that this is most likely a bagrid catfish instead." 166463,Schistura rupecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,rupecula,,,,,"McClelland, 1838","McClelland (1838) described Schistura rupecula from Simla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Later this species was placed in the genus Noemacheilus by Menon (1987).  Subsequently, this has been reverted to Schistura (H.H. Ng pers. comm.)." 166464,Raiamas bola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,bola,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus bola from Gangetic provinces. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) treated it under the genus Raiamas." 166465,Paracanthocobitis botia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paracanthocobitis,botia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",This is most likely a species complex. 166467,Rasbora daniconius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,daniconius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166469,Cabdio morar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Cabdio,morar,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Often still known in the genus Aspidoparia. Taxonomy needs to be resolved as there is some discussion if C  jaya should be considered as a synonym or as a distinct species." 166471,Pseudolaguvia shawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,shawi,,,,,"(Hora, 1921)","Pseudolaguvia shawi was described from the Mahanadi River below Darjeeling, India (Hora 1921). The possibility that more than one species is involved in what is now identified as P. shawi also needs to be investigated." 166472,Schistura prashadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,prashadi,,,,,"(Hora, 1921)","Hora (1921) described Nemachilus prashadi from Thoubal and Sikmai streams, Manipur, India. Kottelat (1990) considers this species under the genus Schistura." 166473,Macrognathus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,guentheri,,,,,"(Day, 1865)","Macrognathus guentheri was originally described as Mastacembelus guentheri by Day (1865) from Cochin, India. The species was considered as a synonym of Macrognathus malabaricus (Jerdon 1849) by Menon (1999), however, Devi et al. (2007) suggested that the synonymy is not valid." 166474,Gogangra viridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gogangra,viridescens,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Gogangra viridescens was described from the rivers of northern Bengal (Hamilton 1822). The species was long considered to be a member of the genus Nangra, until Roberts and Ferraris (1998) reassigned it to its own genus, Gangra. Gangra was subsequently found to be preoccupied and the replacement genus name Gogangra was proposed by Roberts (2001). The genus was considered to be monotypic, until Ng (2005) demonstrated that the population from the lower Brahmaputra and Meghna river drainages belonged to a distinct species, G. laevis." 166476,Sperata seenghala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Sperata,seenghala,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","This species was described by Sykes (1839) from the Deccan region of India.  It differs from congeners in having the eye situated completely in the anterior half of the head, more precaudal vertebrae (21-23), the supraoccipital spine being shorter than the interneural shield, and the adipose-fin base being approximately equal, or only slightly longer than the dorsal-fin base (Ferraris and Runge, 1999).  Only one species of Sperata is known from the Indus River drainage, which Mirza, Nawaz and Javed (1992) described as a distinct subspecies of S. aor (Aorichthys aor sarwari).  Ferraris and Runge (1999) tentatively conclude that the Indus River material is conspecific with S. seenghala, but note that a more thorough comparison with a larger sample size is needed.  Should the Indus River material belong to a distinct species, S. sarwari would be its valid name." 166478,Rhinomugil corsula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Rhinomugil,corsula,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166482,Devario horai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,horai,,,,,"(Barman, 1983)","Barman (1983) described Danio horai from Namdapha National park. Fang (2001) treated it under the genus Devario. " 166485,Trichogaster fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichogaster,fasciata,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801","Bloch and Schneider (1801) described Trichogaster fasciatus from Tranquebar.  Later Menon (1999) treated it under the genus Polyacanthus. But Topfer and Schindler (2009) and Tan and Kottelat (2009) again treated it under the genus Trichogaster." 166486,Eutropiichthys murius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Eutropiichthys,murius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166487,Danio rerio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,rerio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus rerio from Gangetic provinces. Shrestha (1978) treated it under genus Danio. " 166488,Gymnostomus ariza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,ariza,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1807)","The generic status of this fish is under debate. Roberts (1997) considered this species as Cirrhinus ariza while Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Jayaram (1999) and Menon (1999) have considered this species as Labeo ariza. Liu and Zhou (2009) consider this species as Bangana ariza." 166489,Garo khajuriai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Garo,khajuriai,,,,,"(Talwar, Yazdani & Kundu, 1977)", 166491,Eutropiichthys vacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Eutropiichthys,vacha,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",
 166492,Barilius bonarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,bonarensis,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1912","Chaudhuri (1912) described Barilius bonarensis from Bonar, Gharwal, Uttar Pradesh, western Himalaya, India. " 166493,Schistura zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,zonata,,,,,McClelland 1839,"McClelland (1839) described Schistura zonata from upper Assam, India.  Menon (1987) considered this to be a synonym of Nemacheilus scaturigina (McClelland 1839).  Subsequently this species was considered to be valid by Banarescu and Nalbant (1995)." 166494,Salmostoma boopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,boopis,,,,,"(Day, 1874)","Salmophasia boopis was originally described as Chela boopis by Day (1874) from South Canara, India." 166495,Barilius barila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,barila,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus barila from northern Bengal. The species has been placed under Barilius.  The species' common name is Barred Baril.
" 166496,Schistura devdevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,devdevi,,,,,"(Hora, 1935)","Hora (1935) described Noemacheilus devdevi from eastern Himalaya; small streams below Darjeeling and Sikkim, India.  Banarescu and Nalbant (1995) placed it in the genus Schistura.
" 166498,Chela cachius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Chela,cachius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 166499,Lepidocephalichthys annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,annandalei,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1912","Lepidocephalichthys annandalei was described from Mahananda River at Siliguri and Tista River near Jalpaiguri, West Bengal." 166500,Labeo fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)","Labeo fimbriatus was originally described as Cyprinus fimbriatus by Bloch (1795) from the Madras coast of India." 166501,Opsarius barna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,barna,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166502,Salmostoma bacaila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,bacaila,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166504,Barilius dimorphicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,dimorphicus,,,,,"Tilak & Husain, 1990","Tilak and Hussain (1990) described Barilius dimocurphis from Rajaji National Park, Eastern Doon Valley, Uttarakhand, India." 166505,Chanda nama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Chanda,nama,,,,,"Hamilton, 1822",Chanda nama is a member of a group known as 'glass fishes'. 166507,Aborichthys tikaderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Aborichthys,tikaderi,,,,,"Barman, 1985","The species was described from Namdapha wildlife sanctuary (Arunachal Pradesh). The validity of the species is doubtful as it is similar to A. garoensis Hora in many respects except for its slender body (its body depth 7.7-8.0 vs 6.4-7.1 times in standard length). The region has two closely similar species, viz., A. elongatus Hora and A. kempi Chaudhuri and it needs proper verification. However, pending further study, we treat the species as valid. These species occur syntopically in many areas of Arunachal Pradesh.

 

" 166508,Semiplotus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semiplotus,modestus,,,,,"Day, 1870","Day (1870) described Semiplotus modestus from Akyab in Myanmar. Howes (1982) and Talwar and Jhingran (1991) placed the species under the genus Cyprinion Heckel. However, Banarescu and Herzig (1995) and Jayaram (1999) recognised Semiplotus as valid genus. Vishwanath and Kosygin (2000) treated Semiplotus modestus as valid. The species is quite distinct from other members of the genus Semiplotus as it has a posteriorly serrated last dorsal spine." 166510,Chitala chitala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Chitala,chitala,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Mystus chitala from Bengal and Bihar, subsequently placed under the genus Chitala by Jayaram (1981)." 166511,Parambassis lala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,lala,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Several authors have considered Parambassis lala as a synonym of Parambassis ranga (Day 1875, Menon 1999).  Because of the small size of Parambassis lala it is also considered as the juvenile of Parambassis ranga (Fraser-Brunner 1955).  Other workers, however, consider Parambassis lala as an undoubtedly distinct species (Talwar and Jhingran 1991; Roberts 1994; Jayaram 1999)." 166513,Glyptothorax alaknandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,alaknandi,,,,,"Tilak, 1969","Glyptothorax alaknandi was described as a subspecies of G. brevipinnis by Tilak (1969). It has variously been considered a synonym of G. pectinopterus (e.g. Menon 1999), G. brevipinnis (e.g. Ng 2005) or more recently, a valid species (Edds and Ng 2007). There is insufficient material from throughout its purported range in museums and more material is badly needed to fully ascertain its taxonomic status." 166514,Salmostoma sardinella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,sardinella,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)","

Originally described from Leuciscus sardinella from river Rangoon Myanmar. Synonym is Salmophasia sardinella. Taxonomist are of opinion that this genus would be better placed as Salmophasia  (Doi 1997)

" 166515,Erethistes horai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,horai,,,,,"(Misra, 1976)",
 166516,Mystus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,montanus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Mystus montanus was described as Bagrus montanus by Jerdon (1849) from Manantoddy (Mananthavady) in Wynaad, Kerala, India. Day (1877) changed the generic status of the fish to Macrones and Hora (1942) changed it to Mystus." 166519,Gonialosa manmina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Gonialosa,manmina,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166520,Glyptothorax trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,trilineatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1860", 166521,Amblypharyngodon mola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Amblypharyngodon,mola,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166523,Gudusia chapra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Gudusia,chapra,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166524,Conta conta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Conta,conta,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166527,Garra lamta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,lamta,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus (Garra) lamta from Rapti River, Gorakhpur, U.P., India. Gunther (1868) and Day (1878) recognised the species as Discognathus lamta.  Menon (1964) and Talwar and Jhingran (1991) treated the species as Garra lamta and recognised Garra prashadi Hora, which described from Malwa Tal, Uttar Pradesh as a synonym of it Menon (1964) pointed out that a great deal of confusion centered round the systematics of this species. He considered it closely related with Garra mullya from which it may be separated by the relative position of their vent in relation to the origin of the pelvic and anal fins." 166528,Devario devario,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,devario,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus devario from Bengal. Fang (2001) treated it under Devario. " 166531,Cirrhinus cirrhosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,cirrhosus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)","Though Roberts (1997) considered mrigala a synonym of this species, it is observed that both are quite distinct. C. cirrhosus has four barbells whereas mrigala has only two barbells; dorsal branched rays are 15-16 in cirrhosus vs. 12-13 in mrigala." 166532,Salmostoma phulo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,phulo,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166535,Schistura beavani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,beavani,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","Günther (1868) described Nemachilus beavani from Kosi River, Uttar Pradesh, India. Banarescu and Nalbant (1995) treat the species under the genus Schistura." 166536,Danio dangila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,dangila,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus dangila. The species is now under genus Danio." 166539,Glyptothorax cavia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,cavia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Glyptothorax cavia was described from the rivers of northern Bengal (Hamilton 1822), with Euglyptosternum lineatum Day 1877 long considered its junior synonym (Ferraris 2007). Although this species was previously thought to be distributed eastwards to Myanmar, populations from there are now referable to G. burmanicus, which was long thought to be its junior synonym (Ng and Kottelat 2008)." 166540,Pangio pangia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,pangia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cobitis pangia from Ganges.  Later the species was placed under the genus Pangio.  The species has been redescribed by Britz and Maclaine 2007." 166542,Macrognathus pancalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,pancalus,,,,,"Hamilton, 1822","Hamilton (1822) described Macrognathus pancalus from Ganga River drainage.
" 166544,Olyra longicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Olyra,longicaudata,,,,,"McClelland, 1842",It is very likely that the populations from Myanmar and Thailand are not conspecific with those from the Brahmaputra River drainage (H.H. Ng pers. comm.). 166545,Schistura savona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,savona,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cobitis savona from Kosi River at Nathpur. Banarescu & Nalbant (1995) placed the species in the genus Schistura.

" 166548,Glyptothorax conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,conirostris,,,,,(Steindachner 1867) ,"Glyptothorax conirostris was described from Shimla, India by Steindachner (1867). The river system from which the holotype was obtained is not immediately clear, since there are two in the vicinity of Shimla (the Sutlej River, an eastern tributary of the Indus River, and the Giri and Pabbar rivers, both tributaries of the Yamuna, which is the largest tributary of the Ganges River). This species has also been reported from the Mahananda River (Jayaram 1999), which forms part of the Brahmaputra River drainage in northern Bengal, although this record may be questionable. Glyptosternum modestum Day, 1872 is currently considered a junior synonym (Ferraris 2007) and although G. garhwali Tilak, 1969 has been considered a junior synonym of this species by Menon (1999), it is now generally acknowledged that it is a distinct, valid species. Although regarded as a valid species in the literature (Ferraris 2007), the exact identity of G. conirostris  is not clear, and the conspecificity of the material from the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra river drainages require further verification." 166549,Exostoma labiatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Exostoma,labiatum,,,,,"(McClelland, 1842)", 166550,Glyptothorax garhwali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,garhwali,,,,,"Tilak, 1969", 166552,Pisodonophis boro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pisodonophis,boro,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166554,Monopterus cuchia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,cuchia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","There are differences between populations from different parts of its range and further taxonomic investigation is required.  Taxonomic investigation is needed to clarify possible confusion between M. cuchia and M. albus within India, which could impact upon the species.
" 166555,Barilius vagra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,vagra,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus vagra. Later Shrestha (1978) treated it under the genus Barilius." 166557,Glyptothorax brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,brevipinnis,,,,,"Hora, 1923","Glyptothorax brevipinnis was described from an unknown locality in India (Hora 1923) and is considered a valid species in most accounts (e.g. Ng 2005; Ferraris 2007), and available evidence from the original description indicates that it is indeed valid. However, additional material of this species has not been obtained since its original description, and it is possible that one or more congeners described after 1923 may be conspecific with it. This awaits further study." 166559,Gagata cenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gagata,cenia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Gagata cenia was described from “rivers in the northern part of Bengal” (i.e. the Brahmaputra River drainage) by Hamilton (1822).   This species is distinguished from congeners by its small size, the presence of five dark saddles on the head and body, caudal fin with transverse black bar across the peduncle and black spot on the middle of each lobe, dorsal fin with black spot on the distal part of the anterior rays, upper jaw toothless, and snout tip acutely pointed in lateral profile with the tip separated from the rest of the snout by a distinct notch (Roberts and Ferraris 1998).  The conspecificity of the population from the Indus River drainage with that from the Ganges-Brahmaputra and Mahanadi systems needs to be verified (H.H. Ng pers. comm.)." 166560,Puntius terio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,terio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 166561,Barilius shacra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,shacra,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus shacra  from Kosi River. Rahman (1989) treated it under the genus Barilius." 166564,Salmostoma acinaces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,acinaces,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)","Salmophasia acinaces was originally described as Leuciscus acinaces by Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1844) from Mysore, India." 166565,Glyptothorax telchitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,telchitta,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Glyptothorax telchitta was originally described from Jungipur in West Bengal and Nathpur in Uttar Pradesh, India (Hamilton 1822), but given the taxonomic confusion surrounding this species and the fact that no type material of this species is extant, a neotype from the Hooghly River at Kalna, West Bengal, India was designated by Ng (2005). Glyptothorax botius was previously considered a synonym of G. telchitta (e.g. Menon 1999), but Ng (2005) demonstrated the distinctiveness of the two species and revalidated G. botius.  Previous records of G. telchitta in the literature may refer to both G. botius and this species." 166567,Systomus sarana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,sarana,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","The generic status of the fish is still unclear and keeps flipping between Barbodes and Puntius.
" 166568,Clupisoma prateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Clupisoma,prateri,,,,,"Hora, 1937",Clupisoma prateri was described from an unknown locality in Myanmar (Hora 1937). 166570,Canthophrys gongota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Canthophrys,gongota,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Earlier to being placed by Kottelat (1998) in Canthophrys gongota the species was placed under the genus Somileptus. " 166571,Erethistoides montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistoides,montana,,,,,"Hora, 1950","Erethistoides montana was described from Darrang District, Assam by Hora (1950)." 166573,Erethistes jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,jerdoni,,,,,"(Day, 1870)",
 166574,Schistura sikmaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sikmaiensis,,,,,"(Hora, 1921)","Hora (1921) described Nemachilus sikmaiensis from Sikmai stream (Chindwin basin), Manipur. Kottelat (1990) considers the species under Schistura. As the type specimen is lost, Kottelat (1990) designated a neotype from Putao, Myanmar. Confirmation of the taxonomic status of the two known species is required." 166578,Cyprinion semiplotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinion,semiplotum,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)","Originally described under the genus Cyprinus as Cyprinus semiplotus by McClelland (1839) from the Brahmaputra River, Assam. Day (1878) described the species as Semiplotus mcclellandi. Hora (1937) described the same as Semiplotus semiplotus. On the basis of its jaw anatomy, Howes (1982) placed the genus Semiplotus Bleeker under Cyprinion Heckel. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) recognised Semiplotus as subgenus of Cyprinion without justification. However, Banarescu and Herzig (1995) recognised Semiplotus as distinct genus, as it has more branch dorsal fin rays than Cyprinion. Sen (1985), Jayaram (1999), Vishwanath and Kosygin (2000), Bagra et al. (2009) recognised the fish as Semiplotus semiplotus." 166580,Sperata aor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Sperata,aor,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166581,Clupisoma montanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Clupisoma,montanum,,,,,"Hora, 1937",
 166583,Ompok pabo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,pabo,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Ompok pabo was described from the Brahmaputra River towards Assam, India (Hamilton 1822). It has been distinguished from congeners in the region in having fewer anal fin rays. However, material that can definitively assigned to this species it is very rarely represented in museum collections. This species has also been recorded from Myanmar, but the identity of this material remains in doubt (H.H. Ng pers. comm.). The population from Myanmar has been described as Callichrous nigrescens, which has been considered a junior synonym of Ompok pabo (Jayaram 2006). Conspecificity of these two species awaits further study (H.H. Ng pers. comm.)." 166585,Batasio batasio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,batasio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",Batasio batasio was described from the Tista River (Hamilton 1822). 166588,Clupisoma garua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Clupisoma,garua,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",
 166589,Poropuntius clavatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,clavatus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1845)","Barbus clavatus McClelland, 1845 described from the rivers at the foot of Sikkim mountains, northern frontier of Bengal. Valid as Poropuntius clavatus (Roberts 1998)" 166590,Garra mullya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,mullya,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Garra mullya was originally described as Chondrostoma mullya by Sykes (1839, 1841) from Downde (perhaps Daund) on Bhima river, Maharashtra, India." 166592,Aborichthys kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Aborichthys,kempi,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1913","Chaudhuri (1913) described Aborichthys kempi from Egar stream between Renging and Rotung, Dihang River near Yembung, and Sirpo River near Renging, Abor Hills, India." 166593,Anabas cobojius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Anabas,cobojius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","The taxonomy of this species needs further investigation, but is currently recognised as valid (Eschmeyer and Fricke 2010). There has been a considerable confusion about the taxonomy of the genus Anabas. It is often treated as monotypic, but almost certainly represents a species complex. Rao (1968) stated that there are two distinct species and gave the name oligolepis to the second species. Other authors have called it cobojius (Talwar and Jhingran 1991)." 166594,Barilius bendelisis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,bendelisis,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1807)","Hamilton (1807) described Cyprinus bendilisis from Cedawáti (Vedawati) stream, headwaters of Krishna River near Heriuru, Mysore, India. Later it was placed under the genus Barilius." 166595,Labeo bata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,bata,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166596,Channa barca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,barca,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","C. barca was described by Hamilton (1822). It was only next collected recently in c. 2005 (R. Britz pers. comm.)." 166597,Pterocryptis indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,indica,,,,,"(Datta, Barman & Jayaram, 1987)","This species was described from a single locality in Arunachal Pradesh, India. It is only known from the holotype and some authors are unclear of the identity of this species (Ferraris 2007)." 166599,Ctenops nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Ctenops,nobilis,,,,,"McClelland, 1845","McClelland (1845) described Ctenops nobilis from northern Bengal." 166601,Pillaia indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Pillaia,indica,,,,,"Yazdani, 1972","Pillaia indica was described from Sumer stream, about 22 km north of Shillong, Khasi and Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India. In addition, there is one paratype from Umsing (at an altitude of 1524 m)." 166602,Rita rita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Rita,rita,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Rita rita was described from estuaries in Bengal (Hamilton 1822). It has previously been thought to be found throughout the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, including the Indus River drainage. However, Ng (2004) described the population from the Indus River drainage as a distinct species, R. macracanthus." 166603,Botia dario,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,dario,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166605,Opsarius tileo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,tileo,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus tileo from Kosi River. Shrestha (1978) treated it under the genus Barilius." 166606,Labeo calbasu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,calbasu,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic issues associated with this species. 166608,Garra nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,nasuta,,,,,"(McClelland, 1838)","Originally described as Platycara nasuta by McClelland (1838). Hora (1921) redescribed it as Garra nasutus. Menon (1964), Vishwanath (1993), Sen (1995), Kullander and Fang (2004), Karmakar and Das (2007) and Kar and Sen (2007) recognised it as Garra nasuta." 166609,Pseudecheneis sulcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,sulcata,,,,,"(McClelland, 1842)","Pseudecheneis sulcata was described from the Khasi Hills (McClelland 1842). This species was originally thought to be wide ranging, but recent studies (e.g. Ng and Edds 2005) have uncovered considerable hidden diversity within material previously identified as this species. Records of this species in the literature from outside of the Brahmaputra River drainage refer to other species." 166610,Schistura manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,manipurensis,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1912)","Chaudhuri (1912) described Nemachilus manipurensis from Chindwin basin of Manipur. Kottelat (1990) placed the species under Schistura." 166611,Mystus bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,bleekeri,,,,,"(Day, 1877)","Mystus bleekeri was described from the Ganges River drainage and Myanmar (Day 1877), but the lectotype designation of Sharma and Dutt (1983) restricts the type locality to the Ganges River drainage." 166612,Channa amphibeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,amphibeus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1845)", 166614,Neolissochilus dukai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,dukai,,,,,"(Day, 1878)",This species was synonymised with N. hexagonolepis (McClelland) by Talwar & Jhingran (1991) and Menon (1999). 166615,Glyptothorax sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,sinensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)","G. manipurensis was synonymised with G. sinensis, however has since been resurected as a valid species (R. Devi, pers. comm.)." 166618,Parachiloglanis hodgarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Parachiloglanis,hodgarti,,,,,"(Hora, 1923)", 166619,Labeo rohita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,rohita,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",This specie was originally described as Cyprinus rohita (Hamilton 1822) and later on in 1924 this specie was referred as Labeo horai (Fowler 1924). The current valid name for the species is Labeo rohita. 166622,Lepidocephalichthys arunachalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,arunachalensis,,,,,(Datta & Barman 1984) ,"Originally described as Noemacheilus arunachalensis (Datta and Barman 1984) from Namdapha River, Namdapha Wildlife Sanctuary, Tirap District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, the species is currently placed in the genus Lepidocephalichthys." 166623,Puntius sophore,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,sophore,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic issues regarding this species. 166625,Labeo dyocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,dyocheilus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)","Menon (1999) has been considered Labeo dyocheilus as a junior synonym of Labeo dero but now both of them are considered different species.
" 166626,Labeo boga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,boga,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 166628,Silonia silondia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Silonia,silondia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166629,Garra gravelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,gravelyi,,,,,"(Annandale, 1919)","Annandale (1919) described Discognathus gravelyi from He-Ho stream, Southern Shan States, Myanmar. Hora (1921) placed the species under the genus Garra Hamilton. Menon (1964) remarked that Garra gravelyi is not very closely related to any other Garra and considered as a primitive form. Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Vishwanath (1993), Jayaram (1999), Zhang and Chen (2002), Kullander and Fang (2004) and Zhang (2005) recognised it as a valid species." 166631,Barilius dogarsinghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,dogarsinghi,,,,,"Hora, 1921","Hora (1921) described Barilius dogarsinghi from Chindwin basin, Manipur. He doubted the inclusion of the species under Barilius as it has no mandibular knob, characteristic of the genus." 166632,Cabdio jaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Cabdio,jaya,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166634,Glyptothorax indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,indicus,,,,,"Talwar, 1991", 166635,Olyra kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Olyra,kempi,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1912","Olyra kempi was described from Mangaldai in the Assam/Bhutan border (Chaudhuri 1912). Although Olyra elongata Günther, 1883, described from southern Myanmar, is sometimes considered a junior synonym of this species (Bockmann and de Pinna 2004), it is currently regarded as species inquirenda in Olyra (Ferraris 2007)." 166637,Pachypterus atherinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Pachypterus,atherinoides,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)","Pachypterus atherinoides was described from Tharangambadi, Tamil Nadu, India (Bloch 1794). It is a widely distributed species whose taxonomy requires further study. It is likely that what is currently identified as P. atherinoides from throughout the Indian subcontinent consists of two or more species with more geographically circumscribed ranges." 166640,Chaca chaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CHACIDAE,Chaca,chaca,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166642,Exostoma stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Exostoma,stuarti,,,,,"(Hora, 1923)",Exostoma stuarti was described from the Irrawaddy River drainage in northern Myanmar. The taxonomic status of this species is unclear and it has been treated either as a valid species or as a synonym of E. labiatum (see Ferraris 2007). 166643,Schistura kangjupkhulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kangjupkhulensis,,,,,(Hora 1921) ,"Hora (1921) described the species from Kanjupkhul Village, Manipur from where Nambul River originates, the type locality of the fish." 166644,Lepidocephalichthys menoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,menoni,,,,,"Pillai & Yazdani, 1976","Lepidocephalus caudofurcatus Tilak & Husain, 1978 is considered a synonym of Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri 1912.  However, further work is required to confirm this." 166647,Erethistes hara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,hara,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hara hara was originally described from the Kosi River (in the Ganges River drainage) by Hamilton (1822). Ng and Kottelat (2005) designated a neotype from the Hooghly River (a distributary of the Ganges) to fix the identity of this species, making Pimelodus asperus its junior objective synonym at the same time. As Pimelodus asperus is the type species of Laguvia, this makes Laguvia a junior objective synonym of Hara. Hara serrata Vishwanath and Kosygin 2000, a species described from the Barak River drainage in Manipur, is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of H. hara (see Ng and Kottelat 2007)." 166648,Glyptothorax annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,annandalei,,,,,"Hora, 1923","Glyptothorax annandalei was described by Hora (1923) from Nierolay stream, Bhavani River, at the base of Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India.
The species was described from an east flowing tributary of the Cauvery River System. Several records of the species are available from west flowing rivers of Western Ghats in Kerala (Raghavan et al. 2008, Radhakrishnan and Kurup 2010, Kurup et al. 2004), Krishna River System (Kalawar and Kelkar 1956, Suter 1944), Godavari River System (Hora and Misra 1938), Vindhyas, Nepal (Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Jayaram 1991) and Tibet (Yunfei 1987) need to be verified." 166649,Laubuka laubuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,laubuca,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus laubuca. Banarescu (1968) treated it under the genus Chela. Now the species is under genus Laubuca Bleeker (Pethiyagoda et al. 2008 and Fang et al. 2009). The current accepted name of the genus is Laubuka (Fricke et al. 2019). 
" 166650,Channa stewartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,stewartii,,,,,"(Playfair, 1867)","Channa stewartii was originally described from Cachar in Assam, India." 166651,Mystus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,vittatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)","Mystus vittatus was described from Tranquebar (Tharangambadi) in southeastern India (Bloch 1794). This species is thought to occur throughout the entire Indian subcontinent, but the conspecificity of populations throughout the subcontinent should be verified (H.H. Ng pers. comm.)." 166676,Parreysia tavoyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,tavoyensis,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)","Initially Parreysia tavoyensis was described as Unio tavoyensis Gould, 1843 and later Simpson (1900) assigned it to the genus Parreysia." 166677,Lamellidens consobrinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,consobrinus,,,,,"(Lea, 1860)",


166678,Pettancylus viola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,viola,,,,,"(Annandale & Prashad, 1921)", 166679,Corbicula striatella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,striatella,,,,,"Deshayes, 1854","Corbicula occidens is a possible synonym of Corbicula striatella. " 166682,Lymnaea luteola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,luteola,,,,,"Lamarck, 1822","Lymnaea luteola has two subspecies, L. luteola f. australis and L. luteola f. ovalis (Subba Rao 1989, Ramakrishna and Dey 2007).
" 166683,Bellamya micron,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,micron,,,,,"Annandale, 1921","Bellamya micron is known from a single specimen and the taxonomic status of the species requires confirmation (Subba Rao 1989).
" 166685,Parreysia caerulea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,caerulea,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)","Nesemann et al. (2003, 2005, 2007) treat this species as Radiatula caerulea (Lea, 1831), and sometimes recognise a subspecies; Parreysia caerulea gaudichaudi.
" 166686,Lymnaea acuminata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,acuminata,,,,,"Lamarck, 1822","

About nine forms of Lymnaea acuminata have been recognized: L. acuminata f. typica Lamarck, 1822; L. acuminata f. patula Troschel, 1837; L. acuminata f. chlamys Benson, 1836;  L. acuminata f. rufescens Gray, 1820; L. acuminata f. gracilior Martens, 1881; L. acuminata  f. hians Sowerb, 1837; L. acuminata f. malleata Annandale & Rao, 1925; L. acuminata f. brevissima Annandale & Rao, 1925 and L. acuminata  f. pseudohorae Rao, 1929. 

" 166687,Lamellidens lamellatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,lamellatus,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)","
" 166688,Lamellidens corrianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,corrianus,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)","

Unio corrianus Lea, 1834, Lamellidens marginalis ssp. corrianus Preston, 1915, Lamellidens testudinarius Haas, 1969, and Lamellidensis narainporensis Preston, 1912 are synonyms of Lamellidens corrianus (Subba Rao 1989, Ramakrishna and Dey 2007).

" 166689,Paludomus globulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,globulosa,,,,,"(Gray in Reeve, 1847)",


166690,Sulcospira huegeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,huegeli,,,,,"(Philippi, 1884)",The taxonomic status of the species two distinct populations requires confirmation. 166692,Paludomus blanfordiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,blanfordiana,,,,,"Nevill, 1877", 166693,Neritina violacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,violacea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)", 166694,Pila globosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,globosa,,,,,"(Swainson, 1822)","
" 166695,Parreysia theobaldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,theobaldi,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)", 166697,Gyraulus labiatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,labiatus,,,,,"(Benson, 1850)","
" 166699,Assiminea beddomeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,beddomeana,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 166700,Iravadia ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,ornata,,,,,"Blanford, 1867", 166701,Bithynia cerameopoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,cerameopoma,,,,,"(Benson, 1830)", 166702,Parreysia corrugata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,corrugata,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)","
" 166703,Parreysia triembolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,triembolus,,,,,"(Benson, 1855)","Haas (1969) treats Parreysia triembolus as Parreysia tavoyensis." 166704,Gangetia miliacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Gangetia,miliacea,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 166705,Parreysia sikkimensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,sikkimensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1859)", 166706,Bellamya bengalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,bengalensis,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1882)","Brandt (1974) treated Bellamya bengalensis as Filopaludina (Filopaludina) bengalensis whilst Nesemann et al. (2007) treat B. bengalensis as Bellamya (Filopaludina) bengalensis (Lamarck, 1822). Based on the shell characteristics 22 forms have been recognized (Annandale 1921), including B. bengalensis f. balteata,  B. bengalensis f. typica,  B. bengalensis f. annandalei, B. bengalensis f. mandiensis, B. bengalensis f. colairensis, B. bengalensis f. doliaris, B. bengalensis f. nepalensis and B. bengalensis f. eburnea.
" 166707,Paludomus conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,conica,,,,,"(Gray, 1833)", 166708,Neritina sulculosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,sulculosa,,,,,"von Martens, 1875", 166709,Tanysiphon rivalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Tanysiphon,rivalis,,,,,"Benson, 1858", 166710,Parreysia nuttalliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,nuttalliana,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)",


 

166711,Paludomus ornatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,ornatus,,,,,"Benson, 1856", 166712,Pettancylus ceylanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,ceylanicus,,,,,"(Benson, 1864)","The taxonomic status of the species from the two known locations requires confirmation.
" 166713,Pila olea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,olea,,,,,"(Reeve, 1856)","Pila olea (Reeve 1856) was considered a variety of P. virens by Prashad 1925, but due to lack of sufficient material he recommended it be retained as a distinct species. No one has evaluated these taxa in a comprehensive and comparative framework since Prashad, as such we too still consider it to be a nominally valid species (K. Hayes, pers. comm., 2010)." 166714,Pisidium nevillianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,nevillianum,,,,,"Theobald, 1876","Brandt (1974), Subba Rao (1989) and Nesemann et al. (2001, 2007) treated Pisidium nevillianum as Pisidium (Afropisidium) nevillianum Theobald, 1876." 166715,Stenothyra deltae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,deltae,,,,,"Benson, 1857", 166716,Pisidium atkinsonianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,atkinsonianum,,,,,"Theobald, 1876","Subba Rao (1989) treated Pisidium atkinsonianum as Pisidium (Odhneripisidium) atkinsonianum and Nesemann et al. (2007) treated it as Pisidium (Euglesa) atkinsonianum." 166717,Septaria lineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Septaria,lineata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 166718,Pettancylus baconi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,baconi,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1854)",


 

166719,Scaphula deltae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,ARCIDA,ARCIDAE,Scaphula,deltae,,,,,"Blanford, 1867", 166720,Corbicula assamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,assamensis,,,,,"Prashad, 1928", 166721,Stenothyra echinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,echinata,,,,,"Annandale & Prashad, 1919", 166722,Assiminea theobaldiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,theobaldiana,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 166723,Lamellidens jenkinsianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,jenkinsianus,,,,,"(Benson, 1862)","

Three subspecies of Lamellidens jenkinsianus are recognized: L. jenkinsianus jenkinsianus, L. jenkinsianus daccaensis and L. jenkinsianus obesa.

 

" 166724,Parreysia involuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,involuta,,,,,"(Hanley, 1856)","Subba Rao (1989) treated Parreysia involuta as Parreysia (Radiatula) involuta." 166725,Stenothyra ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,ornata,,,,,"Annandale & Prashad, 1921", 166729,Paludomus stephanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,stephanus,,,,,"Benson, 1836", 166730,Pila theobaldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,theobaldi,,,,,"Hanley, 1875","Pila theobaldi was described as Ampullaria theobaldi Hanley, 1875" 166731,Lamellidens marginalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,marginalis,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)","" 166732,Stenothyra foveolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,foveolata,,,,,"Benson, 1856", 166733,Segmentina cantori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,cantori,,,,,"(Benson, 1850)",


166734,Parreysia favidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,favidens,,,,,"(Benson, 1862)","Nine subspecies have been reported: P. favidens favidens (Benson, 1862), P.f. chrysis (Benson, 1862), P.f. pinax (Benson, 1862), P.f. deltae (Benson, 1862), P.f. marcens (Benson, 1862), P.f. trigona (Benson, 1862) , P.f. densa (Benson, 1862), P.f. viridula (Benson, 1862), P.f. assamensis Preston, 1912, and P.f. plagiosoma (Benson, 1862) (Nesemann et al. 2007). Subba Rao (1989) regarded all taxa as a species-complex. They are found both in allopatric and sympatric distribution. Molecular taxonomy is required to establish their species level status. The type form is P. favidens favidens (Benson, 1862).
" 166735,Parreysia bonneaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,bonneaudi,,,,,"(Eydoux, 1838)","Nesemann et al. (2005, 2007) treat Parreysia bonneaudi as Radiatula bonneaudi (Eydoux, 1838).  Haas (1969) treated this species as Indonaia bonneaudi." 166736,Bithynia textum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,textum,,,,,"(Annandale, 1921)","
" 166738,Corbicula sylhetica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,sylhetica,,,,,"Preston, 1908", 166739,Clithon reticulare,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,reticulare,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1836)","The year of publication of this species is frequently given as 1838, and the species was first assessed with that year of publication. The publication year has been revised to 1836 following MolluscaBase (2021)." 166740,Parreysia smaragdites,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,smaragdites,,,,,"(Benson, 1862)", 166741,Angulyagra microchaetophora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Angulyagra,microchaetophora,,,,,"(Annandale, 1921)","Angulyagra is nomen novum for Dactylochalamys Rao, 1925" 166742,Neritina smithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,smithi,,,,,"(Wood, 1828)", 166743,Pettancylus verruca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,verruca,,,,,"(Benson, 1855)", 166744,Paludomus loricatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,loricatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1847",

Shell characteristics are highly variable and has led to a large number of nominal species being described.

 

166745,Parreysia lima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,lima,,,,,"(Simpson, 1900)","Haas (1969) and Nesemann et al. (2003, 2007) treated Parreysia lima as Radiatula lima." 166746,Lymnaea ovalior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,ovalior,,,,,"(Annandale & Prashad, 1921)","Lymnaea ovalior may be a synonym of Lymnaea luteola f. ovalis Gray (Subba Rao 1989) but this requires confirmation." 166747,Tarebia lineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Tarebia,lineata,,,,,"(Gray, 1828)", 166748,Lymnaea horae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,horae,,,,,"Annandale & Rao, 1925","According to Hubendick (1951), Lymnaea horae is a transitional form between races swinhoei and rufescens of Lymnaea auricularia." 166749,Gyraulus barrackporensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,barrackporensis,,,,,"Clessin, 1886",


166750,Thiara paludomoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,paludomoidea,,,,,"Nevill, 1884", 166751,Parreysia burmana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,burmana,,,,,"Blanford, 1869",


166752,Lymnaea persica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,persica,,,,,"Issel, 1865", 166753,Pisidium clarkeanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,clarkeanum,,,,,"G. Neville & H. Nevill, 1871","Brandt (1974), Subba Rao (1989) and Nesemann et al. 2001, 2007 treated Pisidium clarkeanum as Pisidium (Afropisidum) clarkeanum G. & H. Nevill, 1871" 166754,Assiminea hungerfordiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,hungerfordiana,,,,,"Nevill, 1880",


 

166755,Gyraulus euphraticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,euphraticus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1874)","
" 166756,Assiminea brevicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,brevicula,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1854", 166757,Paludomus pustulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,pustulosa,,,,,"Annandale, 1925", 166758,Camptoceras lineatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Camptoceras,lineatum,,,,,"Blanford, 1871", 166761,Parreysia pachysoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,pachysoma,,,,,"(Benson, 1862)","Nesemann et al. (2003, 2005, 2007) treat Parreysia pachysoma as Radiatula pachysoma (Benson, 1862)." 166762,Camptoceras terebra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Camptoceras,terebra,,,,,"Benson, 1843","A subspecies, Camptoceras terebra hirasei, is known from Japan. Given that Camptoceras terebra is apparently only known from two locations in India, the species clearly requires further research." 166763,Parreysia corbis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,corbis,,,,,"Hanley, 1856","Parreysia corbis was described by Benson in 1856 as Unio corbis from Assam.  Later, Simpson (1900) assigned this to genus Parreysia." 166764,Physunio velaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,velaris,,,,,"Sowerby, 1868", 166765,Parreysia andersoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,andersoniana,,,,,"(Nevill, 1877)","

Nesemann et al. (2003) treated Parreysia andersoniana as Radiatula (Indonaia) andersoniana (Nevill, 1877) and later Nesemann et al. (2005, 2007) treated it as Radiatula andersoniana (Nevill, 1877).

 

" 166766,Corbicula bensoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,bensoni,,,,,"Deshayes, 1854", 166767,Paludomus regulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,regulata,,,,,"Benson, 1856", 166768,Lamellidens phenchooganjensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,phenchooganjensis,,,,,"Preston, 1912",The taxonomic status of the species requires confirmation. 166769,Filopaludina crassispiralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Filopaludina,crassispiralis,,,,,"(Annandale, 1921)","Brandt (1974) suggested that this belongs to Filapaludina (Siamopaludina), this needs confirmation." 166770,Solenaia soleniformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Solenaia,soleniformis,,,,,"(Benson, 1836)","The generic position of soleniformis has undergone several changes by different workers. Benson (1836) placed it under Anodon, Simpson (1900) and Preston (1915) under Solenaia and Prashad under Balwantia. Currently, it is valid as Solenaia soleniformis.  " 166772,Lymnaea biacuminata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,biacuminata,,,,,"Annandale & Rao, 1925","Subba Rao (1989) considered Lymnaea biacuminata as phenotypic variation of Lymnaea acuminata f. rufescens." 166773,Angulyagra oxytropis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Angulyagra,oxytropis,,,,,"(Benson, 1836)","Two phases of Angulyagra oxytropis have been recognised by Annandale (1921) namely typical phase occurring in Loktak Lake, Manipur and a pond phase approaching the species A. microchaetophora." 166775,Trapezoideus exolescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Trapezoideus,exolescens,,,,,"Gould, 1843","Trapezoideus exolescens was originally described as Unio exolescens. Synonyms include Unio folliceus Gould, 1843, Unio misellus Morelet 1865, Unio misellus var. subclathratus Martens, 1899, Unio siamensis Lea, 1866, Trapezoideus foliaceus var. zaylemanensis Preston, 1912, and Trapezoideus dhanushori Prashad, 1921. Brandt (1974) assigned this species to the genus Trapezoideus." 166776,Brotia costula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,costula,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","Brotia costula was described as Melania costula Rafinesque,1833 from the Ganges River. Based on similar shells, many species-taxa from all over Southeast Asia were previously considered as synonyms of this species (Subba Rao 1989, Brandt 1974). Based on this extensive synonymy this species was believed to be widely distributed within South and Southeast Asia.

However, in the latest taxonomic revision of this group, which is based on comparative morphological and molecular evidence, many of these taxa were removed from the synonymy of B. costula and recognised as distinct species (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006). Hence, as currently delimited, Brotia costula is restricted to the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system in northeast India only. All taxa from outside this range have been recognised as distinct species." 166777,Nerita articulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Nerita,articulata,,,,,"Gould, 1847", 166778,Stenothyra soluta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,soluta,,,,,"Annandale & Prashad, 1919", 166779,Scaphula celox,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,ARCIDA,ARCIDAE,Scaphula,celox,,,,,"Benson, 1836","
" 166780,Parreysia occata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,occata,,,,,"(Lea, 1860)", 166781,Assiminea microsculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,microsculpta,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 166782,Lecythoconcha lecythis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Lecythoconcha,lecythis,,,,,"(Benson, 1836)", 166783,Stenothyra blanfordiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,blanfordiana,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 166784,Stenothyra woodmasoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,woodmasoniana,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 166785,Gabbia orcula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,orcula,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1862","Gabbia orcula has a variety producta (Subba Rao 1989)." 166786,Parreysia gowhattensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,gowhattensis,,,,,"(Theobald, 1874)","Perreysia gowhattensis was first described by Theobald as Unio gowhattensis Theobald, 1873. Later, Simpson (1900) assigned it to the genus Perreysia." 166787,Sphaerium indicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,indicum,,,,,"Deshayes, 1854","Nesemann et al. (2001) treat this species as Musculium indicum Deshayes, 1854.
" 166788,Parreysia rajahensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,rajahensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)","Parreysia rajahensis was originally described as Unio rajahensis Lea, 1841.
" 166789,Scabies crispata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Scabies,crispata,,,,,"Gould, 1843",Brandt (1974) proposed the valid name Scabies crispata. 166790,Segmentina calatha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,calatha,,,,,"Benson, 1850", 166792,Gyraulus rotula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,rotula,,,,,"(Benson, 1850)", 166793,Lymnaea andersoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,andersoniana,,,,,"Nevill, 1881","Four forms, typica, simulans, intermedia and turbinicola are known (Subba Rao 1989)" 166794,Novaculina gangetica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SOLECURTIDAE,Novaculina,gangetica,,,,,"Benson, 1830", 166795,Lamellidens generosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,generosus,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)",
166796,Bithynia pulchella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,pulchella,,,,,"Benson, 1836","The current valid name of Digoniostoma pulchella is Bithynia pulchella Benson, 1836." 166797,Parreysia olivaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,olivaria,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)",


166798,Assiminea woodmasoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,woodmasoniana,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 166799,Mekongia crassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,crassa,,,,,"(Benson, 1836)","Bellamya crassa (Benson 1836) is treated as Mekongia crassa by Nesemann et al. (2007). Grosse and Fischer (1876) established a subgenus Mekongia for thick-shelled species from the Mekong River basin (Brandt 1974)." 166801,Neritina obtusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,obtusa,,,,,"Benson, 1836", 166802,Parreysia annandalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,annandalei,,,,,"Preston, 1912", 166803,Segmentina trochoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,trochoidea,,,,,"(Benson, 1836)", 166804,Paludomus reticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,reticulata,,,,,"Blanford, 1870","Rao (1928) considered Paludomus andersoniana as a synonym of Paludomus reticulata." 166805,Stenothyra nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,nana,,,,,"Prashad, 1921", 166806,Camptoceras austeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Camptoceras,austeni,,,,,"Blanford, 1871","

The types of Camptoceras austeni designated by Annandale and Prashad (1918) are probably lost (Subba Rao 1989). 

" 166872,Cyprinus hyperdorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,hyperdorsalis,,,,,"Nguyen, 1991",The species was described from the Black River (Sông Đà) drainage in northern Viet Nam. A careful redescription of this species is needed (Kottelat 2001). 166873,Bangana xanthogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,xanthogenys,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936) ", 166874,Bangana lemassoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,lemassoni,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of Bangana lemassoni (Kottelat 2001)." 166884,Onychostoma gerlachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,gerlachi,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)", 166888,Acrossocheilus lamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,lamus,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)","Under its synonym Lissocheilus lamus, Acrossocheilus lamus was described by Mai 1978 from northern Viet Nam. Placed in the genus Acrossocheilus by Kottelat 2001. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 166900,Hyporhamphus limbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,limbatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","The mis-applied name Hyporhampus gaimardi has frequently been used for this species in the Persian Gulf and adjacent waters (B. Collette pers. comm. 2013)." 166923,Balitora brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,brucei,,,,,"Gray, 1830"," The genus Balitora needs revision.
" 166945,Neosalanx tangkahkeii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Neosalanx,tangkahkeii,,,,,"(Wu, 1931) ", 166946,Semilabeo obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semilabeo,obscurus,,,,,"Lin, 1981", 166959,Rhinogobius leavelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,leavelli,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)", 166960,Neodontobutis tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Neodontobutis,tonkinensis,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)", 166973,Cyprinus dai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,dai,,,,,(Nguyen & Doan 1969),"The taxonomic status of this species needs to be confirmed, it is not clear if it is is a valid species or a synonym of an existing species." 166994,Rhinogobius brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,brunneus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Two sub-species exist, R. n. nagoyae and R. n. formosanus." 166995,Ancherythroculter daovantieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Ancherythroculter,daovantieni,,,,,"(Bănărescu, 1967)",

167067,Lyriothemis pachygastra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,pachygastra,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 167002,Pseudohemiculter dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Pseudohemiculter,dispar,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)", 167082,Zygonyx iris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,iris,,,,,"Kirby, 1869","A number of subspecies of Zygonyx iris have been described, but it is not clear if these merely represent extremes of geographical variation or genuine subspecies." 167009,Altigena tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Altigena,tonkinensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934)", 167085,Anotogaster gregoryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,gregoryi,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 167087,Boyeria karubei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Boyeria,karubei,,,,,"Yokoi, 2002","Wilson and Xu (2008) remarked on the three closely related Asian species of Boyeria which are Boyeria sinesis Asahina 1978, Boyeria karube Yokei, 2002 and Boyeria maclachlani (Selys 1883). They considered there were clear structural differences to separate B. sinensis from B. maclachlani but there are no overt structural differences to distinguish B. karubei from B. maclachlani. The face of B. karubei is paler than B. maclachlani and the abdominal yellow colour pattern is more developed in B. karubei." 167089,Davidius fruhstorferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,fruhstorferi,,,,,"Martin, 1904", 167090,Macromia flavocolorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,flavocolorata,,,,,"Fraser, 1922 ", 167091,Macromia calliope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,calliope,,,,,"Ris,1916 ","Wilson and Reels (2001) discussed the confusion concerning the male and female type specimens of Macromia calliope and Macromia urania, which were both described in the same paper from material collected from Tonkin (Ris 1916). Laidlaw (1922) reidentified the single female specimen, considered by Ris (1916) to be M. urania, as M. calliope, but Lieftinck (1929) again reidentified this specimen as M. urania. Using specimens obtained from Hong Kong, where M. calliope does not occur, Wilson and Reels (2001) were able to resolve the confusion and confirm that the M. urania type female did indeed belong to M. calliope. The first description of true M. urania female was made by Asahina (1964). True female M. urania has a much greater expanded abdomen than M. calliope (Wilson and Reels 2001). Males are also very similar but are easily separated by the position of the lateral teeth on the outside edge of the superior appendages. In M. urania the lateral teeth are distally located and in M. calliope they arise centrally." 167093,Hydrobasileus croceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hydrobasileus,croceus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1867)","
" 167094,Lyriothemis elegantissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,elegantissima,,,,,"Selys, 1883", 167095,Stylogomphus tantulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,tantulus,,,,,"Chao, 1954", 167096,Prodasineura verticalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,verticalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)","

Six subspecies are sometimes recognised for Prodasineura verticalis: P. v. verticalis, P. v. andamanensis (Fraser, 1924): P. v. annandalei (Fraser, 1921), P. v. burmanensis (Fraser, 1933), P. v. delia (Karsch, 1891), and P. v. humeralis (Selys, 1860). Prodasineura v. humeralis is treated as a good species by some authors (e.g. Orr 2005). The whole complex is in need of re-examination, with some subspecies possibly just representing extremes of variation and other subspecies and forms possibly deserving specific rank. Prodasineura autumnalis (Fraser, 1922) is structurally very similar to P. verticalis and has sometimes been confused with P. v. humeralis at least. There is considerable confusion about the identity of specimens from some areas.

" 167097,Orthetrum pruinosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,pruinosum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","Aside from the nominate subspecies, three other subspecies are recognised. O. p. neglectum is widespread in mainland Asia, O. p. schneideri occurs in the Malay peninsular and Borneo, and O. p. clelia occurs in the Philippines and Taiwan (where O. p. neglectum occurs also). O. p. clelia is likely to be a separate species, and O. p. schneideri is likely to be a junior synonym of clelia. A further subspecies is sometimes recognised, O. p. migratum, but is is consisdered here to be a separate species O. migratum.


" 167098,Orthetrum triangulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,triangulare,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)","

Two subspecies of Orthetrum triangulare are currently recognised, the nominate subspecies and O. t. malaccense.

" 167099,Chlorogomphus papilio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,papilio,,,,,"Ris, 1927", 167101,Gynacantha saltatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,saltatrix,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 167105,Paragomphus capricornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,capricornis,,,,,"(Förster, 1914)","Paragomphus simplex (Lieftinck, 1934) from Sumatra may be a junior synonym (Asahina 1986)." 167108,Coeliccia cyanomelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,cyanomelas,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 167110,Megalestes heros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,heros,,,,,"Needham, 1930",Chao (1965) synonymised Megalestes suensoni Asahina (1956) with heros. 167113,Aciagrion migratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,migratum,,,,,"(Sélys, 1876)","Once used the name Aciagrion hisopa, but later it became clear that the species distributed in southeast Asia is a different species, hence the name change (Hamada and Inoue 1985)." 166292,Radix swinhoei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,swinhoei,,,,,"(Adams, 1866)","Radix swinhoei is the current valid name of Lymnaea swinhoei (S. Attwood pers comm. 2011)." 167117,Stylurus clathratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,clathratus,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)",Originally described under the genus Gomphus Leach. Asahina (1978) transferred clathratus to the genus Stylurus Needham. 167119,Gomphidia kelloggi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,kelloggi,,,,,"Needham, 1930", 167124,Sinictinogomphus clavatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sinictinogomphus,clavatus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","Fraser (1939) established the genus Sinictinogomphus to receive clavatus and synonymised Ictnius phaleratus Sélys with clavatus (Fabricius), which is the only other described member of the genus. Lieftinck (1942) considered Sinictinogomphus was a synonym of Ictinogomphus but Chao (1990) and subsequent authors have adopted Sinictinogomphus. Asahina (1986) and Hämäläinen and Pinratana (1999) recognise the subspecies Sinictnogomphus clavatus phaleratus Sélys from Thailand and Tsuda (2000) lists this subspecies from Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand. The 'western' phaleratus race is smaller with less extensive foliaceous flaps on abdominal Segment) 8. However, since the character states overlap through its range there appears to be little support for a distinct subspecies, Steinman (1997) considers phaleratus is a synonym." 167126,Amphigomphus hansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Amphigomphus,hansoni,,,,,"Chao, 1954", 167127,Lamelligomphus camelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,camelus,,,,,"(Martin, 1904)", 167059,Sieboldius deflexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,deflexus,,,,,"(Chao, 1955)", 167061,Sympetrum infuscatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,infuscatum,,,,,"(Sélys, 1883)",Originally described as Diplax infuscata Sélys (1883). 167062,Protosticta beaumonti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,beaumonti,,,,,"Wilson, 1997", 167071,Megalestes distans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,distans,,,,,"Needham, 1930", 167136,Periaeschna flinti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,flinti,,,,,"Asahina, 1978","A subspecies Periaeschna flinti assamensis Asahina, 1981 is known from the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya (Asahina 1981)." 167074,Indolestes peregrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,peregrinus,,,,,"(Ris, 1916)","Lestes gracilis peregrinus was described from material collected from Japan by Ris (1916) and Needham (1930) described Lestes extranea from 'Kiangsu?', China. Fraser (1922) established the genus Indolestes to receive a small closed-winged group of Indian lestid damselflies. Lestes extranea was considered to be a subspecies of Lestes gracilis by Schmidt (1931). Lieftinck (1960) recognised both gracilis and peregrinus as distinct species and included both gracilis and peregrinus in Indolestes, which he considered a subgenus of Lestes. Chao (1962) synonymised Lestes monteili Navás, 1935 with Indolestes extranea (Needham, 1930) and Asahina (1976) synonymised extranea with Indolestes peregrinus." 167077,Euphaea superba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,superba,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936","Listed by Zhang (1999) in Fujian but Asahina (1973) corrected this identification to Euphaea opaca Campion, 1924. Wilson (2003) reported that Lai's (1971) record of E. opaca from Hong Kong may be superba." 167142,Planaeschna taiwana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,taiwana,,,,,"Asahina, 1951", 167146,Macromidia rapida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,rapida,,,,,"Martin, 1907", 167147,Ceriagrion olivaceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,olivaceum,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1914","" 167148,Brachydiplax chalybea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachydiplax,chalybea,,,,,"Brauer, 1868","Three subspecies of Brachydiplax chalybea are currently recognized. B. c. flavovittata occurs in southern China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan, B. c. simalura is known from a few islands of the coast of Sumatra, the nominate subspecies is known from the rest of the range." 167149,Rhyothemis fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,fuliginosa,,,,,"Sélys, 1883","Asahina (1982) described 'noshime' from Japan as a form of fuliginosa, which was considered by Steinmann (1997b) as a subspecies of fuliginosa. Sugimura et al. (2001) consider 'noshime' is merely a form as originally described." 167150,Calicnemia chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,chaoi,,,,,"Wilson, 2004", 167151,Leptogomphus intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,intermedius,,,,,"Chao, 1982", 167156,Sinogomphus telamon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sinogomphus,telamon,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1939)", 167159,Paracercion melanotum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,melanotum,,,,,"(Sélys, 1876)","May (1997) pointed out that Enallagma melanotum Sélys, 1876 was a synonym of Cercion sexlineatum (Sélys, 1883). When ""Cercion"" was no longer available, following the genetic analysis completed by Weekers and Dumont (2004), which showed that lindeni, the type species of Cercion, belonged to the genus Erythromma, Weekers and Dumont (2004) established Paracercion to receive melanotum and its congeners." 167162,Heliogomphus scorpio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,scorpio,,,,,"(Ris, 1912)", 167163,Mesopodagrion tibetanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Mesopodagrion,tibetanum,,,,,"McLachlan, 1896","

Two subspecies of Mesopodagrion tibetanum are known, M. t. tibetanum and M. t. australe Yu and Bu, 2009. If these subspecies are really distinct, then their distributions suggest that they might be separate species (see the map in Yu and Bu 2009, page 65). Yu and Bu (2009), in agreement with Kalkman (2008), removed the closely related M. yachowensis Chao, 1953 from the synonymy of M. tibetanum. There is a record of M. tibetanum from Chiang Mai in north west Thailand (Asahina 1990), but the specimen was not available for study by either Kalkman (2008) or Yu and Bu (2009), the former author treated it as M. tibetanum, the latter authors as M. species. For the purpose of this assessment this record is treated as M. tibetanum, although clearly it cannot be assigned to either subspecies with any certainty. The species was named tibetanum because the type locality Moupin was believed to be in Tibet (McLachlan 1896), but this is now known to be an error; Moupin is Baoxing in Sichuan (e.g. Kalkman 2008).

" 167164,Zygonyx takasago,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,takasago,,,,,"Asahina, 1966", 167165,Bayadera continentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,continentalis,,,,,"Asahina, 1973","Hämäläinen (2004) elevated Bayadera brevicauda continentalis, described by Asahina (1973), to species status." 167167,Anisopleura qingyuanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,qingyuanensis,,,,,"Zhou, 1982","
" 167176,Pseudagrion spencei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,spencei,,,,,"Fraser, 1922", 167177,Philosina alba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Philosina,alba,,,,,"Wilson, 1999", 167188,Epophthalmia elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Epophthalmia,elegans,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)","Brauer (1865) originally described elegans from Shanghai, China under the genus Macromia Rambur. The subspecies Epophthalmia elegans yagasakii was described by Eda (1986) from South Korean material but it is not considered appropriate to consider the Korean population a separate subspecies (Lee 2001)." 167191,Cephalaeschna klotsae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,klotsae,,,,,"Asahina, 1982", 167194,Rhipidolestes chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,chaoi,,,,,"Wilson, 2004", 167196,Stylogomphus chunliuae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,chunliuae,,,,,"Chao, 1954", 167202,Sympetrum parvulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,parvulum,,,,,"(Bartenev, 1913)","Bartenev (1913) described parvulum from the Ussuri river basin in southern, far eastern Russia under the genus Thecodiplax. The synonym Sympetrum eroticoides Oguma (1922) was described from Sachalin. Asahina (1949) synonymised eroticoides with parvulum. The synonym Sympetrum fuscousus Kobayashi, 1941 was described from Honshu (Bridges 1994) and the synonym Sympetrum parvum Tada, 1942, was also described from Honshu at Takaraike, Kyoto, (Bridges 1994)." 167209,Polycanthagyna melanictera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Polycanthagyna,melanictera,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)", 167210,Mnais mneme,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnais,mneme,,,,,"Ris, 1916", 167211,Vestalaria miao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalaria,miao,,,,,"(Wilson & Reels, 2001)","Following Hämäläinen (2006), this species has now been placed in Vestalaria." 167213,Prodasineura croconota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,croconota,,,,,"(Ris, 1916)","Originally described from Taiwan under the genus Diparoneura, which is a genus now restricted to India and Sri Lanka. It is closely related to Prodasinura auricolor (Fraser 1927) and according to Lieftinck et al. (1984) is identical, or nearly so, to Caoneura longjingensis described by Zhou (1981) from Zhejiang. Wilson (1995) recorded the first mainland Chinese specimens of P. crconota and Wilson (1997) remarked: ""Hong Kong specimens differ slightly from  Taiwanese croconota. The main differences being the head of Taiwanese croconota has a thin orange transverse band between the eyes covering the front ocellus whereas this band in Hong Kong croconota is reduced to two small orange spots. In addition the dorsum of the tenth abdominal segment of Taiwanese croconota is pale yellow whereas the dorsum of the tenth abdominal segment in Hong Kong croconota is predominanntly black with posterior margin finely bordered white.""" 167215,Anisopleura furcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,furcata,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 167218,Burmagomphus vermicularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,vermicularis,,,,,"(Martin, 1904)","The type locality for the species (Martin 1904) is 'Tonkin, Indochina'. Lieftinck et al. (1984) compared Taiwanese males with tototypical vermicularus from Tonkin, Viet Nam in the Leiden Museum and could find no overt differences other than the slightly smaller size of Taiwanese specimens. Matsuki (1978) described the larvae from Taiwanese specimens." 167219,Macromia katae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,katae,,,,,"Wilson, 1993",
 167255,Prodasineura odoneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,odoneli,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","Prodasineura odoneli is closely related to P.autumnalis and P.nigra, and may merely be a variant of the former (the latter is a synonym of P. autumnalis in any case)." 167256,Protosticta himalaica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,himalaica,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1917", 167258,Amphiallagma parvum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphiallagma,parvum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)"," Amphiallagma parvum is often placed in the genus Enallagma, especially in older literature." 167259,Anisogomphus orites,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,orites,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1922", 167260,Amphithemis vacillans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Amphithemis,vacillans,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 167261,Platylestes platystylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Platylestes,platystylus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",Both Fraser (1933) and Lieftinck (1960) have expressed the opinion that more than one species may be being treated under this name. 167262,Ictinogomphus angulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,angulosus,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)","

The south Asian species of Ictinogomphus are in need of a critical review. I. angulosus appears to differ from other regional Ictinogomphus species largely in details of colouration, which is frequently variable across the range of species in this genus. It is possible that I. angulosus is merely a form of some other Ictinogomphus species.

" 167263,Calicnemia imitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,imitans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948", 167264,Bayadera longicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,longicauda,,,,,"Fraser, 1928","" 167267,Aciagrion occidentale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,occidentale,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1919","" 167272,Macromia flavovittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,flavovittata,,,,,"Fraser, 1935","This species is closely related to M. flavicincta from which it differs by wing venation characters and in markings in labrum, abdomen and shape of anal appendages." 167274,Sympetrum hypomelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,hypomelas,,,,,"(Selys, 1884)", 167275,Neurothemis fulvia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,fulvia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)","" 167277,Elattoneura campioni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,campioni,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)", 167278,Sympetrum orientale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,orientale,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)", 167279,Bradinopyga geminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bradinopyga,geminata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 167282,Davidius aberrans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,aberrans,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)","Aside from the nominate subspecies, another subspecies D. a. senchalensis Fraser, 1926 is known from Darjeeling district, and has more recently been recorded from Nepal. It is perhaps doubtful whether the subspecies are genuine or merely reflect extremes of variation." 167283,Cephalaeschna orbifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,orbifrons,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)", 167285,Drepanosticta polychromatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,polychromatica,,,,,"Fraser, 1931","

Drepanosticta polychromatica apparently differs from D. carmichaeli (Laidlaw, 1915) only in details of colouration and small and probably meaningless differences in wing venation. The relationship of these species to each other needs to be re-examined.

" 167289,Perissogomphus stevensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Perissogomphus,stevensi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1922", 167290,Agriocnemis clauseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,clauseni,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","
" 167291,Indothemis limbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Indothemis,limbata,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)","A subspecies, Indothemis limbata sita Campion, 1923, occurs in Sri Lanka and parts of peninsular India." 167294,Megalogomphus smithii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,smithii,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 167295,Pseudagrion hypermelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,hypermelas,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 167296,Gynacantha odoneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,odoneli,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","There is only one specimen of this species known and it may be a junior synonym of G. bayadera." 167297,Pseudagrion malabaricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,malabaricum,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 167301,Macrogomphus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,montanus,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 167304,Pseudotramea prateri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pseudotramea,prateri,,,,,"Fraser, 1920", 167307,Epophthalmia vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Epophthalmia,vittata,,,,,"Burmeister, 1839","The nominate subspecies is known from India and Sri Lanka, subspecies E. v. sundana is known from Java and Sumatra, the subspecies to which specimens from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and from Viet Nam, belong is unclear. The known distribution of the species is somewhat strange; all available material needs to be re-examined." 167308,Neurothemis intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,intermedia,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","Several subspecies of Neurothemis intermedia have been recognised, but for this assessment apart from the nominate subspecies only N. i. excelsa Lieftinck, 1934, known from Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, is recognised. N. i. excelsa has a range disjoint from the nominate subspecies." 167309,Orthetrum luzonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,luzonicum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 167310,Gynacantha albistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,albistyla,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 167313,Phaenandrogomphus aureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phaenandrogomphus,aureus,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1922)","

Phaenandrogomphus aureus is still sometimes placed in Onychogomphus. Lieftinck (1964) claimed that this species could not be maintained as distinct from the very poorly known Onychogomphus maculivertex (Selys, 1891), but his opinion has not been followed by later authors.

" 167314,Pseudagrion laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,laidlawi,,,,,"Fraser, 1922", 167315,Periaeschna nocturnalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,nocturnalis,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 167317,Megalestes irma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,irma,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 167318,Lestes viridulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,viridulus,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 167322,Macromia flavicincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,flavicincta,,,,,"Selys, 1874", 167323,Lestes dorothea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,dorothea,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","
" 167325,Agriocnemis pieris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,pieris,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1919","Agriocnemis keralaensis Peters, 1981 is likely to be a junior synonym of A. pieris." 167327,Megalestes major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,major,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 167328,Copera marginipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,marginipes,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 167330,Polycanthagyna ornithocephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Polycanthagyna,ornithocephala,,,,,"(Machlaclan, 1896)", 167331,Drepanosticta carmichaeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,carmichaeli,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1915)", 167333,Ischnura forcipata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,forcipata,,,,,"Morton, 1907", 167335,Platygomphus dolabratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Platygomphus,dolabratus,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 167336,Indolestes indicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,indicus,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","The only records of this species since the 1930s are from Lahiri (1987), who notes that his material differs in the structure of the male anal appendages from Fraser's descriptions (e.g. Fraser 1933); this suggests that a re-examination of all available material is needed." 167339,Neallogaster latifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Neallogaster,latifrons,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 167341,Aciagrion olympicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,olympicum,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1919","
" 167345,Coeliccia bimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,bimaculata,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1914", 167346,Anormogomphus heteropterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anormogomphus,heteropterus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 167347,Aciagrion approximans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,approximans,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)","The relationship of this species with A. tillyardi Laidlaw, 1919 needs to be rexamined; the latter species may be a junior synonym of A. approximans." 167348,Cephalaeschna masoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,masoni,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)", 167349,Ictinogomphus pertinax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,pertinax,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 167350,Aciagrion pallidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,pallidum,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 167357,Orthetrum japonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,japonicum,,,,,"(Uhler, 1858)", 167358,Mortonagrion aborense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,aborense,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1914)"," Mortonagrion simile Ris, 1930 is a junior synonym of this species, as was demonstrated by Hämäläinen (1989); however this publication appears to have been widely overlooked." 167362,Gynacantha biharica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,biharica,,,,,"Fraser, 1927","

The female of this species is not known.

" 167363,Rhinocypha unimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,unimaculata,,,,,"Selys, 1853","This species is placed by some authors in its own genus Paracypha.
" 167364,Burmagomphus hasimaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,hasimaricus,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 167365,Ictinogomphus rapax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,rapax,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 167366,Lestes nigriceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,nigriceps,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","Fraser (1933) noted that this species is probably a synonym of L. malabarica." 167367,Cordulegaster brevistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,brevistigma,,,,,"Selys, 1854","A subspecies, C. b. folia Fraser 1929, was described from Uttranchal." 167368,Brachythemis contaminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachythemis,contaminata,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 167370,Trithemis pallidinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,pallidinervis,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 167371,Anisopleura comes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,comes,,,,,"Hagen, 1880", 167373,Anisogomphus bivittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,bivittatus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 167376,Coeliccia vacca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,vacca,,,,,"Laidlawi, 1932","The male of this species is not known. The female, known from two specimens, has an extremely distinctive prothorax, so that there is no doubt that it is a good species." 167377,Petaliaeschna fletcheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Petaliaeschna,fletcheri,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 167382,Ceriagrion fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,fallax,,,,,"Ris, 1914","
" 167383,Macromia moorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,moorei,,,,,"Selys, 1874","Subspecies M. moorei fumata and M. moorei malayana have been recognised, but it is unclear if these represent genuine subspecies or just extremes of variation." 167384,Orthetrum testaceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,testaceum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","This assessment includes subspecies Orthetrum testaceum soembanum Förster, 1903." 167385,Pseudagrion rubriceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,rubriceps,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 167386,Paragomphus lindgreni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,lindgreni,,,,,"(Fraser, 1923)",The female of this species has not been collected. 167387,Copera vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,vittata,,,,,"(Selys, 1863)","A number of subspecies of Copera vittata have been described, and still more unnamed forms are known. The whole complex stands in need of revision, but is treated as a single species for the purposes of this assessment." 167388,Lestes thoracicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,thoracicus,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1920","
" 167390,Macromia pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,pallida,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","

The female of this species is not known. Many Asian Macromia species are poorly known, and the extent of intraspecific variation is not understood; the genus needs to be revised.

" 167391,Gynacantha rammohani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,rammohani,,,,,"Mitra & Lahiri, 1975",The taxonomic status of this species is doubtful (Mitra 2002). 167392,Anotogaster nipalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,nipalensis,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 167393,Libellago lineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,lineata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 167395,Trithemis aurora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,aurora,,,,,"(Burmeister,1839)","Trithemis adelpha Selys, 1878, known from the Philippines, is sometimes considered to be a junior synonym of T. aurora, which also occurs in the Philippines. For the purposes of this assessment the two are treated as separate species." 167396,Gynacantha khasiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,khasiaca,,,,,"McLachlan, 1896","Gynacantha nigripes Martin, 1909 appears to be a junior synonym of G. khasiaca (e.g. Fraser 1936).
" 167399,Echo margarita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Echo,margarita,,,,,"Selys, 1853","Two subspecies are recognised: Echo m. margarita and E. m. tripartita. Both have been reported from Meghalaya, suggesting that teir relationship needs to be re-examined." 167400,Dubitogomphus bidentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Dubitogomphus,bidentatus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1930)", This species is known only from the type series collected more than 80 years ago. 167402,Megalestes micans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,micans,,,,,"Needham, 1930", 167403,Rhyothemis plutonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,plutonia,,,,,"Selys, 1883", 167405,Calicnemia erythromelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,erythromelas,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)", 167406,Planaeschna bachmaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,bachmaensis,,,,,"Karube, 2002", 167407,Macromia pinratani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,pinratani,,,,,"Asahina, 1983","The subspecies M. pinratani vietnamica Asahina, 1996 is included in this assessment." 167408,Orthetrum chrysis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,chrysis,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)", 167412,Rhipidolestes owadai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,owadai,,,,,"Asahina, 1997", 167413,Bayadera melanopteryx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,melanopteryx,,,,,"Ris, 1912","Bayadera melanopteryx Ris, 1912 has wing tips which are coloured dark blackish-brown from the mid-point in some populations and the apical third from a point near the pterostigma in others. Within each region the extent of the colouration is consistent in both hind wing and fore wings for males and females (Wilson and Reels 2003). Wilson and Reels (2003) postulated that: ""With more information on the distribution of melanopteryx throughout China the western form may prove to be a separate taxon at species level"". Wilson and Xu (2007) provided good colour photographs of the two forms. Davies and Yang (1996) and Hämäläinen (2004) treated Bayadera melania Navás 1934 as a junior synonym of  Bayadera melanopteryx and this treatment is accepted by Schorr et al. (2009) and the Odonata on-line database managed by the Naturalis Museum Leiden." 167414,Megalestes haui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,haui,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2003", 167415,Euphaea masoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,masoni,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 167416,Ictinogomphus decoratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,decoratus,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 167417,Macrogomphus rivularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,rivularis,,,,,"Förster, 1914", 167418,Philoganga vetusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGANGIDAE,Philoganga,vetusta,,,,,"Ris, 1912","For separation of Philoganga vetusta from its close congener Philoganga robusta Navás see Chao (1953b) and Wilson and Reels (2001).

Please note the correct family name for Philoganga Kirby is Diphlebiidae not Lestoideidae. The Australian genus Lestoidea Tillyard is the only genus in the family Lestoideidae (Theischinger and Hawking 2006). The family-group name for Philoganga and Diphlebia Sélys is Diphlebiidae. The genus Philoganga has benn moved between families recently, and it is hoped the taxonomic status of this genus will be resolved shortly. It is placed within family Lestoideidae based on its original description." 167420,Davidius trox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,trox,,,,,"Needham, 1931","Chao (1995) reviewed records of Davidius trox and described a new species, Davidius zhoui, based on a male and female collected from Luku, Yunnan Province, which Zhou (1986) had previously identified as Davidius trox. Davies and Yang (1993) also identified material from Yangbi County, Yunnan, as trox, which according to Chao (1995) also belongs to Davidius zhoui." 167421,Euphaea guerini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,guerini,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 167422,Leptogomphus baolocensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,baolocensis,,,,,"Karube, 2001", 167423,Agriomorpha fusca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Agriomorpha,fusca,,,,,"May, 1933",Agriomorpha fusca has different colour pattern in Hainan (Wilson and Reels 2001) and western Guangdong (Wilson and Reels 2003) when compared with material from Hong Kong but no structural differences. Agriomorpha is a monotypic genus. 167425,Mattigomphus tamdaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Mattigomphus,tamdaoensis,,,,,"Karube, 2001","Karube and Kosterin (2018) described the genus Mattigomphus, to include two species: tamdaoensis (formerly Merogomphus tamdaoensis Karube, 2001) and pinratanai (formerly Anisogomphus pinratani Hämäläinen, 1991)." 167427,Camacinia gigantea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Camacinia,gigantea,,,,,"(Brauer, 1867)", 167431,Calicnemia eximia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,eximia,,,,,"(Selys, 1863)", 167432,Ceriagrion malaisei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,malaisei,,,,,"Schmidt, 1964", 167433,Dysphaea basitincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,basitincta,,,,,"Martin, 1904", 167435,Coeliccia hoanglienensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,hoanglienensis,,,,,"Cuong, 2007",This species is known from males only. 167437,Devadatta ducatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,ducatrix,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1969", 167440,Orolestes octomaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Orolestes,octomaculatus,,,,,"Martin, 1904","More research is needed on its differentiation from Orolestesselysi MacLachlan, 1895.


" 167441,Planaeschna viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,viridis,,,,,"Karube, 2004", 167442,Chlorogomphus nasutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,nasutus,,,,,"Needham, 1930","

Three subspecies of Chlorogomphus nasutus are currently recognised. The nominate subspecies is known from China, Laos and Vietnam, C. n. satoi Asahina, 1995 is known from China and Vietnam and C. n. hamalaineni Karube, 2013 is only known from Vietnam.

" 167443,Orolestes selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Orolestes,selysi,,,,,"McLachlan, 1895", 167446,Anotogaster flaveola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,flaveola,,,,,"Lohmann, 1993","The species may be a form of Anotogaster sieboldii (K. Wilson pers. comm. 2010)." 167447,Dysphaea gloriosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,gloriosa,,,,,"Fraser, 1938","
" 167449,Asiagomphus acco,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,acco,,,,,"Asahina, 1996","

The species was described as Asiagomphus xanthenatus acco and whilst it is almost certainly a distinct species it has not yet been published as such (but see Do et al. 2011).

" 167450,Ceriagrion indochinense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,indochinense,,,,,"Asahina, 1967", 167451,Anaciaeschna martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,martini,,,,,"(Selys, 1897)", 167452,Leptogomphus divaricatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,divaricatus,,,,,"Chao, 1984", 167455,Calicnemia mortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,mortoni,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1917)","
" 167456,Chlorogomphus sachiyoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,sachiyoae,,,,,"Karube, 1995", 167458,Chlorogomphus vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,vietnamensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1969",This species was described only from a single female specimen. 167459,Indocnemis orang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Indocnemis,orang,,,,,"(Förster in Laidlaw, 1907)","Laidlaw (1917) and Fraser (1923, 1933) treated this species under the name I. kempi, which now considered a synonym of I. orang." 167462,Pseudothemis zonata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pseudothemis,zonata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)",Originally described under the genus Libellula (Linnaeus) and subsequently became the genotype for Pseudothemis Kirby (1889). Chao (1962) synonymised Orthetrum zonale Navás with Pseudothemis zonata. 167463,Agriocnemis dabreui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,dabreui,,,,,"Fraser, 1920","Records of this species from Thailand and Malaysia have proved to actually be A. minima, suggesting that the relationship of these two species needs to be re-examined, at the very least records of A. dabreui from Lao PDR and Viet Nam must be checked; it seems likely that these records actually refer to A. minima." 167464,Prodasineura laidlawii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,laidlawii,,,,,"(Förster in Laidlaw, 1907)", 167467,Planaeschna cucphuongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,cucphuongensis,,,,,"Karube, 1999","This species is very similar to Planaeschna chiengmaiensis Asahina, 1981 and might eventually prove to be a junior synonym (Karube 1999)." 167468,Rhinocypha watsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,watsoni,,,,,"van Tol & Rozendaal, 1995", 167471,Chlorogomphus miyashitai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,miyashitai,,,,,"Karube, 1995", 167472,Leptogomphus gestroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,gestroi,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 167479,Planaeschna tamdaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,tamdaoensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1996", 167484,Anotogaster klossi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,klossi,,,,,"Faser, 1919",The male has not yet been described (Fraser 1919). 167487,Coeliccia onoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,onoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1997","The species, known only from the type series from Tam Dao in northern Viet Nam (Asahina 1997), is almost certainly a junior synonym of Coeliccia cyanomelas Ris, 1912, a species that certainly occurs in Viet Nam. The original description and illustrations of C. onoi are inadequate, and the type series does not appear to be available for study." 167489,Ischnura rufostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,rufostigma,,,,,"Selys, 1876","The Ischnura rufostigma-group consists of four structurally distinct taxa: rufostigma ssp.; annandalei; mildredae and carpentieri. Vick (1986) proposed to consider them as separate species rather than subspecies as the differences in the male appendages and dorsal tubercle are considerable. Asahina (1991) in a thoroughly confusing piece of work appears to come to the opposite conclusion to that of Vick, but then to express doubts over his own conclusion. The whole species group is treated as one taxa for the purposes of this assessment, but the issue is still open. Further work is required to resolve this species complex." 167492,Epophthalmia vittigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Epophthalmia,vittigera,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","A subspecies E. v. bellicosa is known from Myanmar, Thailand and Lao PDR." 167494,Leptogomphus uenoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,uenoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1996","It is described from a single female, and there is doubt that this is a good species." 167497,Prodasineura coerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,coerulescens,,,,,"(Fraser, 1932)", 167498,Libellago hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,hyalina,,,,,"Selys, 1859","Some populations in mainland Asia differ in colouration from typical L. hyalina and might represent distinct taxa (A.G. Orr, pers. comm. 2010)." 167499,Macromia berlandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,berlandi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1941","As pointed out by Wilson and Reels (2001) there are unresolved problems of synonymy associated with Macromia berlandi. Lieftinck (1941) described M. berlandi from a Tonkinese male specimen identified by Martin (1907) as Macromia borneensis Krüger, 1899; the latter taxon is now recognised as a synonym of  Macromia cincta Rambur, 1842. M. pyramidalis Martin 1907 was also described from male and female specimens collected in Tonkin. The male specimen, Martin described as M. pyramidalis, has the characteristics of Macromia moorei malayana Laidlaw 1928 and is certainly synonymous with it, but the female specimen is identical to Macromia berlandi Lieftinck, 1941, which was described for the first time by Wilson and Reels (2001) from a Hong Kong specimen. Note Lieftinck (1929) considered  Macromia moorei malayana was synonymous with Macromia moorei fumata Krüger, 1899. In essence Martin (1907) examined two males and one female Macromia speciemens collected from Tonkin in the Selys collection; (i) a male he misidentified as Macromia borneensis (= holotype M. berlandi), (ii) a second male (type M. pyramidalis = M. moorei malayana = M. moorei fumata) and (iii) a female (type M. pyramidalis = M. berlandi).

There are two courses of corrective action possible: (1) Designate the male specimen, described by Martin (1907) as M. pyramidalis, as the holotype pyramidalis specimen. M. pyramidalis would then become a junior synonym of Macromia moorei Selys, 1874 and the new combination Macromia moorei pyramidalis Martin, 1907 would become a junior synonym of Macromia moorei fumata (= M. moorei malayana). (2) Designate the female specimen, described by Martin (1907) as M. pyramidalis, as the type-specimen. M. pyramidalis Martin, 1907 would become a valid taxon and Macromia berlandi Lieftinck, 1941 would be a junior synonym. The first course of action is strongly favoured by the assessor, which would have the least impact on current nomenclature and render Macromia berlandi a valid species." 1675,Antichthonidris bidentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Antichthonidris,bidentatus,,,,,"(Mayr, 1887)", 167629,Leporinus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,striatus,,,,,"Kner, 1858",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167631,Boulengerella xyrekes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CTENOLUCIIDAE,Boulengerella,xyrekes,,,,,"Vari, 1995",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167633,Hypostomus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,myersi,,,,,"(Gosline, 1947)",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167636,Cyphocharax voga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,voga,,,,,"(Hensel, 1870)",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167637,Ossancora fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Ossancora,fimbriata,,,,,"(Kner, 1855)",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167638,Chasmocranus rosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,rosae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922",The family is undergoing extensive revision likely to be published in 2007. It is therefore uncertain to what entity the species name currently refers to. 167639,Bryconops gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,gracilis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1908)","Trata-se de um species inquirendae. Bryconops gracilis foi descrita do rio Tapajós (1908), entretanto sua descrição é pouco precisa e os tipos estão perdidos, o que impede a sua identificação (F.C.T. de Lima com. pess. 2014)." 167640,Parapimelodus valenciennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Parapimelodus,valenciennis,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167641,Apteronotus apurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,apurensis,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1968", 167642,Roeboides affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,affinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",This is a valid species (see Lucena 2007). 167644,Corydoras coppenamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,coppenamensis,,,,,"Nijssen, 1970", 167645,Brycon amazonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,amazonicus,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)", 167647,Creagrutus paralacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,paralacus,,,,,"Harold & Vari, 1994", 167648,Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Brachyplatystoma,rousseauxii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)", 167649,Leporinus granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,granti,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 167650,Steatogenys elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Steatogenys,elegans,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)", 167651,Oxyropsis wrightiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Oxyropsis,wrightiana,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167652,Curimata incompta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimata,incompta,,,,,"Vari, 1984", 167653,Characidium purpuratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,purpuratum,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882", 167657,Characidium pteroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,pteroides,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167658,Lithoxus bovallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lithoxus,bovallii,,,,,"(Regan, 1906)", 167660,Pseudotocinclus tietensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudotocinclus,tietensis,,,,,"(Ihering, 1907)", 167661,Orestias ctenolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,ctenolepis,,,,,"Parenti, 1984", 167664,Otothyris rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otothyris,rostrata,,,,,"Garavello, Britski & Schaefer, 1998",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167665,Corydoras adolfoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,adolfoi,,,,,"Burgess, 1982",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167666,Harttia longipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,longipinna,,,,,"Langeani, Oyakawa & Montoya-Burgos, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167669,Diapoma terofali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Diapoma,terofali,,,,,"(Géry, 1964)",This is a valid species (see Menezes and Weitzman 2011). 167670,Hyphessobrycon megalopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,megalopterus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1915)","This is a valid species, belonging to the ""rosy tetra clade"" (Weitzman and Palmer 1997)." 167671,Moenkhausia georgiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,georgiae,,,,,"Géry, 1965","This is a valid species, recently transferred to the genus Tetragonopterus (see Silva et al. 2016)." 167672,Makunaima guaporensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Makunaima,guaporensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1911)","This is a valid, well diagnosed species (see Marinho and Ohara 2013) that was recently transferred to the genus Makunaima (Téran et al. 2020)." 167676,Gymnotus jonasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,jonasi,,,,,"Albert & Crampton, 2001",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167677,Basilichthys semotilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Basilichthys,semotilus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 167680,Sternarchorhynchus mormyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,mormyrus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1868)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167681,Geophagus brachybranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,brachybranchus,,,,,"Kullander & Nijssen, 1989", 167683,Hemigrammus hyanuary,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,hyanuary,,,,,"Durbin, 1918","Hemigrammus hyanuary is similar to H. levis, being distinguished from the latter species by some color pattern features, and especially by the shape of the anal fin, as well as lower anal-fin ray counts (see Lima et al. 2013)." 167687,Osteoglossum ferreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Osteoglossum,ferreirai,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1966",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167688,Corymbophanes kaiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Corymbophanes,kaiei,,,,,"Armbruster & Sabaj Pérez, 2000", 167689,Sturisoma tenuirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisoma,tenuirostre,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1910)", 167692,Orestias pentlandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,pentlandii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 167693,Chaetobranchus semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chaetobranchus,semifasciatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1875",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167696,Hypostomus varimaculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,varimaculosus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)", 167698,Guianacara oelemariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Guianacara,oelemariensis,,,,,"Kullander & Nijssen, 1989", 167699,Orestias olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,olivaceus,,,,,"Garman, 1895", 167700,Electrophorus electricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Electrophorus,electricus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Electrophorus electricus corresponded to a complex of species widely distributed throughout the Amazon. With the review by de Santana et al. (2019), the distribution of the species was restricted to the drainages of the Guiana shield." 167701,Lasiancistrus schomburgkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lasiancistrus,schomburgkii,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167702,Bivibranchia simulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEMIODONTIDAE,Bivibranchia,simulata,,,,,"Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991", 167706,Auchenipterus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterus,nuchalis,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167709,Hypostomus hemiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,hemiurus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 167710,Odontesthes regia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Odontesthes,regia,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1821)", 167712,Oligosarcus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,bolivianus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1940)", 167715,Characidium brevirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,brevirostre,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1909","This species has unknown geographic and morphological limits (P.A. Buckup pers. comm. 2012)." 167716,Auchenipterus britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterus,britskii,,,,,"Ferraris & Vari, 1999",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 167717,Crenicichla lepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,lepidota,,,,,"Heckel, 1840",Its widespread distribution leads to possible taxonomic variation across its range which causes taxonomic uncertainty. 167718,Anablepsoides lungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,lungi,,,,,"(Berkenkamp, 1984)",Status of this species is uncertain; it is possibly a regional form of Rivulus urophthalmus. 167719,Leporinus crassilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,crassilabris,,,,,"Borodin, 1929", 167720,Curimata vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimata,vittata,,,,,"(Kner, 1858)",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167721,Hemiodus amazonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEMIODONTIDAE,Hemiodus,amazonum,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1821)", 167722,Corydoras melini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,melini,,,,,"Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1930",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167724,Trachelyopterus albicrux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,albicrux,,,,,"(Berg, 1901)","Taxonomically problematic. A revision is ongoing, but unpublished as yet. It is possibly a synonym of a more widespread species (Lima pers. comm. 2007). However, per Calegari et al. (2019) the species is valid." 167726,Creagrutus maracaiboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,maracaiboensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 167729,Dolichancistrus pediculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dolichancistrus,pediculatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)", 167731,Platyurosternarchus macrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Platyurosternarchus,macrostomus,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167734,Crenicichla cincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,cincta,,,,,"Regan, 1905",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167737,Distocyclus conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Distocyclus,conirostris,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)", 167739,Pimelodus coprophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,coprophagus,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 167743,Crossoloricaria venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Crossoloricaria,venezuelae,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 167745,Phenacogaster beni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,beni,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911","Phenacogaster beni belongs to the Phenacogaster pectinatus species complex and cannot be clearly diagnosed from P. suborbitalis, P. microstictus, and P. pectinatus (Lucena and Malabarba 2010)." 167748,Melanocharacidium melanopteron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Melanocharacidium,melanopteron,,,,,"Buckup, 1993", 167749,Lobodeuterodon euspilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Lobodeuterodon,euspilurus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)",May possibly be a Odontostilbe species. 167751,Odontostilbe microcephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,microcephala,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1907", 167752,Trichomycterus maracaiboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,maracaiboensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 167753,Gelanoglanis stroudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Gelanoglanis,stroudi,,,,,"Böhlke, 1980", 167754,Poecilia koperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,koperi,,,,,"Poeser, 2003", 167756,Tatia aulopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,aulopygia,,,,,"(Kner, 1858)","

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. Revised by Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro (2008).

" 167757,Panaque suttonorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaque,suttonorum,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 167760,Copella nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Copella,nigrofasciata,,,,,"(Meinken, 1952)",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167763,Pseudostegophilus haemomyzon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Pseudostegophilus,haemomyzon,,,,,"(Myers, 1942)", 167764,Hyphessobrycon wajat,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,wajat,,,,,"Almirón & Casciotta, 1999", 167765,Austrolebias affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,affinis,,,,,"(Amato, 1986)", 167767,Leporinus nijsseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,nijsseni,,,,,"Garavello, 1990", 167768,Roeboides bonariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,bonariensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 167772,Brycon polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,polylepis,,,,,"Mosco Morales, 1988", 167773,Ancistrus piriformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,piriformis,,,,,"Muller, 1989", 167776,Astyanax cordovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,cordovae,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 167777,Myoglanis potaroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Myoglanis,potaroensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 167778,Amblydoras monitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Amblydoras,monitor,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)",Taxonomic revision has just commenced. Therefore nobody can tell what is meant by this species. 167780,Centromochlus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Centromochlus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Mees, 1974)", 167781,Dasyloricaria filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dasyloricaria,filamentosa,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 167786,Liosomadoras oncinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Liosomadoras,oncinus,,,,,"(Jardine, 1841)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167787,Spatuloricaria evansii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,evansii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167788,Rineloricaria thrissoceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,thrissoceps,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 167790,Pimelodella altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,altipinnis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 167795,Loricariichthys edentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,edentatus,,,,,"Reis & Pereira, 2000",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

167798,Rhamphichthys atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE,Rhamphichthys,atlanticus,,,,,"Triques, 1999",There is confusion about the taxonomy of the species. 167801,Knodus mizquae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,mizquae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 167803,Orestias silustani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,silustani,,,,,"Allen, 1942", 167804,Triportheus rotundatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Triportheus,rotundatus,,,,,"(Jardine, 1841)", 167806,Bryconamericus deuterodonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,deuterodonoides,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914", 167807,Hyphessobrycon bentosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,bentosi,,,,,"Durbin, 1908","This is a valid species, belonging to the so-called 'rosy tetra clade' (Weitzman and Palmer 1997ab)." 167809,Ancistrus dolichopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,dolichopterus,,,,,"Kner, 1854","There is confusion about what entity the specific name refers to, however the genus is widespread throughout the Amazon." 167812,Pimelodella cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,cristata,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1849)",Likely to be a species complex. 167814,Trichomycterus venulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,venulosus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)", 167874,Danionella dracula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danionella,dracula,,,,,"Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2009",
 167875,Danionella mirifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danionella,mirifica,,,,,"Britz, 2003","Danionella mirifica was described by Britz (2003); the type locality is a hill stream, near Kamaing on the road to Tanai, Kachin Division, Myitkina district, Myanmar." 167876,Dermogenys burmanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,burmanica,,,,,Mukerji 1935,"Dermogenys burmanica was described by Mukerji (1935) from material collected from the Irrawaddy River drainage.  This species has been considered a synonym of D. pusilla van Hasselt, 1823 for some time after its original description, but Brembach (1991) and more recently, Meisner (2001) have considered this species to be distinct from D. pusilla.  Meisner (2001) raised the possibility that D. brachynotopterus Bleeker, 1854, a species known only from the holotype collected from the Hoogly River in West Bengal, India, may be conspecific and a senior synonym of this species. Until more material from the Ganges-Brahmaputra system is available for study to further test this hypothesis, Meisner (2001) is adhered to in considering D. brachynotopterus and D. burmanica distinct.


" 167899,Poropuntius shanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,shanensis,,,,,"(Hora & Mukerji, 1934)","Originally described as Barbus shanensis by Hora and Mukerji (1934). The species is considered to be correctly placed in Poropuntius (Rainboth 1981). Poropuntius shanensis (of the Ayeyarwaddy) is quite similar to P. opisthoptera of the Salween drainage, and further study is required to confirm the taxonomic position of the species (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011)." 167950,Cyphomyrus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Cyphomyrus,macrops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)","Hipppotomyrus has recently been restricted to four species (Hopkins et al. 2007). The genus Cyphomyrus has been resurrected and includes seven species from the Congo basin (Sullivan in lit.). Cyphomyrus are deep-bodied with a dorsal fin base longer than the anal." 167952,Cyphomyrus wilverthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Cyphomyrus,wilverthi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","Hipppotomyrus has recently been restricted to four species (Hopkins et al. 2007). The genus Cyphomyrus has been resurrected and includes seven species from the Congo basin (Sullivan in lit.). Cyphomyrus are deep-bodied with a dorsal fin base longer than the anal." 167953,Hippopotamyrus aelsbroecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,aelsbroecki,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)",Generic assignment is in need of confirmation. 167957,Hippopotamyrus macroterops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,macroterops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 167960,Hippopotamyrus retrodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,retrodorsalis,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)",Generic assignment is in need of confirmation. 167963,Phenacogrammus altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,altus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 167964,Phenacogrammus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 167965,Phenacogrammus aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,aurantiacus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1930)", 167966,Phenacogrammus bleheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,bleheri,,,,,"Géry, 1995", 167967,Phenacogrammus deheyni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,deheyni,,,,,"Poll, 1945", 167968,Phenacogrammus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,interruptus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 167969,Phenacogrammus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,major,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 167970,Phenacogrammus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,polli,,,,,"Lambert, 1961", 167971,Phenacogrammus stigmatura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,stigmatura,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)", 167972,Phenacogrammus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,taeniatus,,,,,"Géry, 1996", 167973,Phenacogrammus urotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Phenacogrammus,urotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)",Phenacogrammus urotaenia is very similar to Phenacogrammus major and the justification for maintaining separate species status is questionable. This needs taxonomic revision. 167975,Channallabes alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Channallabes,alvarezi,,,,,"(Roman, 1971)", 167976,Channallabes apus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Channallabes,apus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 167977,Channallabes longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Channallabes,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1911)", 167978,Channallabes ogooensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Channallabes,ogooensis,,,,,"Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes, 2007", 167979,Channallabes sanghaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Channallabes,sanghaensis,,,,,"Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes, 2007", 167980,Channallabes teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Channallabes,teugelsi,,,,,"Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes, 2007", 167982,Coptostomabarbus bellcrossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Coptostomabarbus,bellcrossi,,,,,"Poll, 1969",There is very little information available about Coptostomabarbus bellcrossi. 167983,Coptostomabarbus wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Coptostomabarbus,wittei,,,,,"David & Poll, 1937", 167985,Zaireichthys brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)","Leptoglanis brevis was synonymized with Zaireichthys rotundiceps by Roberts (2003). He comments though that the types are ""closely similar, possibly conspecific"". Due to this uncertainty, these two species are treated separately in this assessment." 167988,Zaireichthys dorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,dorae,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 167989,Zaireichthys flavomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,flavomaculatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1926)", 167991,Zaireichthys heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,heterurus,,,,,"Roberts, 2003", 167992,Zaireichthys mandevillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,mandevillei,,,,,"(Poll, 1959)", 167994,Zaireichthys zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,zonatus,,,,,"Roberts, 1968","Whether this species has to be placed in the genus Zaireichthys or Leptoglanis or that a new genus has to be designated, remains a point of discussion (Roberts 2003)." 168061,Epitheca marginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,marginata,,,,,"(Sélys, 1883)","Originally described as a species of Somatochlora Sélys, 1871." 168062,Calicnemia haksik,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,haksik,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2003",Lieftinck (1984) divided Calicnemia into two main groups; those with a finely divided penile organ and those with a broadly divide tip. Calicnemia haksik belongs to the latter group. 168064,Scalmogomphus wenshanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Scalmogomphus,wenshanensis,,,,,"Zhou & Zhou & Lu, 2005", 168063,Davidius chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,chaoi,,,,,"Cao & Zheng, 1988","Chao (1990) synonymised Davidius miaotaiziensis Zhu, Yan & Li (1988) with chaoi." 168002,Pinheyagrion angolicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pinheyagrion,angolicum,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1966)", 168065,Burmagomphus intinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,intinctus,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)",Originally described under the genus Gomphus Leach. Chao (1954) transferred intinctus to Burmagomphus. 168003,Porpax asperipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Porpax,asperipes,,,,,"Karsch, 1896", 168066,Vestalaria venusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalaria,venusta,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 2004)","Hämäläinen (2004) distinguished clear-winged venusta from orange-winged Vestalis smaragdina Sélys, 1879 based on its hyaline wings and structure of the superior appendages." 168077,Burmagomphus arboreus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,arboreus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940","Originally described and identified as B. vermicularis (Martin) by Williamson in 1922 from three males collected in Burma by R.A. Earnshaw. Fraser (1926) realised it was a distinct species but described it under the name willliamsoni, which was not an available name as Förster (1914) had already described Burmagomphus williamsoni from Pahang, Peninsula Malaysia. Lieftinck (1940) realised the error and established a new name Burmagomphus arboreus." 168078,Stylogomphus changi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,changi,,,,,"Asahina, 1968", 168079,Paragomphus hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,hoffmanni,,,,,"(Needham, 1931)",Originally described under the genus Gomphus Leach and transferred to Paragomphus by Chao (1954). 168080,Indocnemis ambigua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Indocnemis,ambigua,,,,,"(Asahina, 1997)","Asahina (1997) described the species from Tam Dao, Viet Nam. In this description Asahina (1997) pointed out that the venation of ambigua was not consistent with the genus Coeliccia Kirby but with the genus Indocnemis Laidlaw. In Indocnemis the anal crossing ends on the anal bridge vein and not on the wing margin except in one of four specimens examined by Asahina (1997). As pointed out by Wilson and Reels (2003) another characteristic of the genus Indocnemis is the presence of four cells between the discoidal cell and the oblique vein, whereas Coeliccia has just three cells. Coeliccia ambigua has three cells consistent with the genus Coeliccia. Not including ambigua currently there is only one species recognised in the genus Indocnemis which is I. orang (Förster in Laidlaw, 1907)." 168008,Nesciothemis minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesciothemis,minor,,,,,"Gambles, 1966",This is a western Africa species and further taxonomic work is needed to confirm its occurrence within the southern Africa region. 168081,Nihonogomphus shaowuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,shaowuensis,,,,,"Chao, 1954",Chao (1995) synonymised Nihonogomphus zhejiangensis Chao & Zhou (1990) with shaowuensis. 168082,Gomphidia confluens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,confluens,,,,,"Sélys, 1878", 16801,Phaeognathus hubrichti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Phaeognathus,hubrichti,,,,,"Highton, 1961", 168084,Bayadera strigata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,strigata,,,,,"Davies & Yang, 1996", 168085,Anisopleura zhengi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,zhengi,,,,,"Yang, 1996", 168087,Euphaea formosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,formosa,,,,,"Hagen, 1869","Lieftinck et al. (1984) considers Euphaea compar McLachlan, 1870 is probable synonym of formosa based Campion (1924) who compared both types and considered formosa and compar were synonyms. Based on variability of wing colouration Hämäläinen (2004) agreed with Campion's view." 168088,Bayadera serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,serrata,,,,,"Davies & Yang, 1996", 168089,Paracercion v-nigrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,v-nigrum,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)","Originally described as species of Coenagrion Kirby it was transferred to ""Cercion Navás"" when this genus was generally recognised. Recently Weekers and Dumont (2004) completed a molecular study which sunk ""Cercion"" and established Paracercion Weekers & Dumont, 2004, to replace it.

Asahina (1956) proposed the synonymy of Coenagrion barbatum Needham with v-nigrum." 168016,Neodythemis klingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,klingi,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)",Previously placed in Allorrhizucha (Dijkstra and Vick 2006). 168090,Burmagomphus sowerbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,sowerbyi,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)",Davies and Tobin (1985) listed both Burmagomphus sowerbyi Needham and Burmagomphus collaris Needham as synonyms of Burmagomphus campestris Needham. Chao (1990) synonymised campestris with collaris but recognised sowerbyi as a distinct species. 168017,Trithemis anomala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,anomala,,,,,"Pinhey, 1956", 168092,Anotogaster sakaii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,sakaii,,,,,"Zhou, 1988", 168093,Boyeria sinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Boyeria,sinensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1978","Asahina (1978) described Boyeria sinensis from a single male from ‘Chengtu’, Sichuan, which he described as, ‘not very mature’. When comparing other Asian species of Boyeria it is apparent there are clear structural differences to differentiate sinensis from Boyeria maclachani (Sélys, 1883) but there are no overt structural differences to distinguish Boyeria karubei Yokoi, 2002 from maclachani. The face of karubei is paler than maclachani and the abdominal yellow colour pattern is more developed in karubei than maclachani (Wilson & Xu, in prep.)" 168020,Rhyothemis mariposa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,mariposa,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 168094,Anotogaster chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,chaoi,,,,,"Zhou, 1998",Closely allied to A. gregoryi Fraser which is also known from Yunnan. Zhou (1998) pointed out several differences related to colour maculation when compared to gregoryi but none of a structural nature. 168022,Pseudagrion draconis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,draconis,,,,,"Barnard, 1937","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 168096,Cyathopoma picardense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyathopoma,picardense,,,,,"Gerlach, 2006", 168023,Watanabeopetalia usignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Watanabeopetalia,usignata,,,,,"Chao, 1999", 168024,Chlorogomphus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,montanus,,,,,"(Chao, 1999)","Chlorogomphus montanus was described by Chao (1999) under the genus Sinorogomphus, which was established by Carle (1995) for chlorogompids with yellow dorsal thoracic stripes expanded into ovals at upper ends. The genus Sinorogomphus was treated as a subgenus by Wilson (2002). Chao (1999) followed Carle (1995) and described montanus under Sinorogomphus. Carle (1999) established a new family of chlorogomphids (Chloropetalidae) and many new subfamilies including Sinorogomphinae. Wilson and others accept ‘Chloropetalidae’ as a subfamily (i.e. Chloropetalinae) and ‘Sinorogomphinae’ as a subgenus. Therefore Chao’s Sinorogomphus becomes Chlorogomphus i.e. Chlorogomphus (Sinorogomphus) montanus." 168025,Chlorogomphus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,gracilis,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2001", 168099,Tropidophora gardineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,gardineri,,,,,"Gerlach, 2006", 168027,Chlorogomphus kitawakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,kitawakii,,,,,"Karube, 1995", 168028,Macromia malleifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,malleifera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 168100,Tropidophora pulchra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,pulchra,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 168030,Macromia macula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,macula,,,,,"Zhou, Wang, Shuai & Liu, 1994","Zhou et al. (1994) considered macula to be very closely related to hamifera, which was synonymised with Macroma clio by Wilson and Reels (2001). One of the features used by Zhou et al. Liu (1994) to differentiate macula from hamifera was the presence of dorsal and lateral yellow spots on the fronds. This feature was noted in Macromia clio specimens obtained from Hainan (Wilson and Reels 2001)." 168031,Macromia icterica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,icterica,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1929","Closely related to Macromia moorei group (sensu Lieftinck, 1929). Amongst other features the male, known only from the type, is distinguished by its yellow face and yellow caudal appendages, hence its name 'icterica' (= jaundiced or yellow)." 168103,Moominia willii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Moominia,willii,,,,,"Gerlach, 2003", 168032,Rhipidolestes rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,rubripes,,,,,"(Navás, 1936)","Navás (1936) described rubripes under the genus Taolestes Needham, which is a junior synonym of Rhipidolestes Ris." 168033,Rhipidolestes alleni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,alleni,,,,,"Wilson, 2000", 168105,Stylodonta studeriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACAVIDAE,Stylodonta,studeriana,,,,,"(Ferussac, 1821)", 168034,Rhipidolestes bastiaani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,bastiaani,,,,,"Zhu & Yang, 1998", 168106,Stylodonta unidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACAVIDAE,Stylodonta,unidentata,,,,,"(Holten, 1802)","Six subspecies of this snail are recongized:

Stylodonta unidentata unidentata (Holten, 1802)
Stylodonta unidentata sebertae Gerlach, 2003
Stylodonta unidentata pyramidata (Pfeiffer, 1841)
Stylodonta unidentata globata (Martens, 1869)
Stylodonta unidentata praslina Gerlach, 2003
Stylodonta unidentata parva Gerlach, 2003" 168036,Nihonogomphus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,montanus,,,,,"Zhou & Wu, 1992", 168037,Petaliaeschna lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Petaliaeschna,lieftincki,,,,,"Asahina, 1982", 168038,Cordulegaster lunifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,lunifera,,,,,"Sélys, 1878","Lohmann (1993) considered McLachlan's (1896) material from Peking and Sichuan, described by McLachlan as the subspecies Cordulegaster luniferus pekinensis, belonged to Neallogaster lunifera pekinensis. G. van Pelt showed part of this material (Sichuan) belonged to Cordulegaster lunifera Sélys and part to Cordulegaster pekinensis McLachlan." 168110,Pachnodus silhouettanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,silhouettanus,,,,,"Van Mol & Coppois, 1980", 168039,Melligomphus cataractus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Melligomphus,cataractus,,,,,"Chao & Liu, 1990", 168111,Pachnodus praslinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,praslinus,,,,,"Gerlach, 1990", 168040,Priscagrion kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Priscagrion,kiautai,,,,,"Zhou & Wilson, 2001","Zhou and Wilson (2001) established the genus Priscagrion, under the subfamily Megapodagrioninae Tillyard, to receive two new species from southern China, including Priscagrion kiautai the type species. The generic characters of Priscagrion Zhou and Wilson 2001 were reviewed by De Marmels (2002) who considered the genus is closely related with the Australo-Papuan 'Argiolestinae' and with the South American 'Megapodagrion-complex'." 168112,Pachnodus ladiguensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,ladiguensis,,,,,"Gerlach, 2003", 168041,Trigomphus beatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Trigomphus,beatus,,,,,"Chao, 1954", 168113,Pachnodus ornatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,ornatus,,,,,"(Dufo, 1840)", 168042,Aeschnophlebia longistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeschnophlebia,longistigma,,,,,"Sélys, 1883","The type species for the genus Aeschnophlebia Sélys is optata, which Asahina (1957) examined and considered may be an incomplete specimen of Planaeschna milnei Sélys. If this is the case then Aeschnophlebia would be equivalent to Planaeschna McLachlan; the latter being the junior synonym.

According to Tsuda (2000) Aeschnophlebia kolthoffi Sjöstedt, 1925, described from 'Kiangsu', China, is a synonym of Aeschnophlebia longistigma." 168114,Pachnodus kantilali,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,kantilali,,,,,"Van Mol & Coppois, 1980", 168043,Stylurus endicotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,endicotti,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)","Originally described under the genus Gomphus Leach. In 1988 Sui and Sun transferred endicotti to Stylurus (Chao, 1990)" 168115,Pachnodus becketti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,becketti,,,,,"Gerlach, 1994", 168044,Sarasaeschna tsaopiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,tsaopiensis,,,,,"(Yeh & Chen, 2000)","Lieftinck (1968) split the genus Oligoaeschna Sélys, 1889 into two groups 'pryeri' and 'poeciloptera' based on well defined morphological characters. Karube and Yeh (2001) established the new genus Sarasaeschna to receive members of the pryeri-group and tsaopiensis was transferred to the new genus." 168116,Pachnodus curiosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,curiosus,,,,,"Gerlach, 2003", 168045,Deielia phaon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Deielia,phaon,,,,,"(Sélys, 1883)","Originally described by Sélys (1883) from Yokohama, Japan under the genus Trithemis Brauer. Kirby (1889) subsequently described fasciata under a new genus Deielia. Deielia fasciata is now considered a synonym of phaon. Chao (1962) synonymised Leucorrhinia nebulifera Navás, 1932 with Deilia phaeon (Sélys)." 168117,Pachnodus niger,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,niger,,,,,"(Dufo, 1840)","Two subspecies have been described: P. n. niger (Dufo, 1840) and P. n. subfuscus Gerlach, 1994." 168046,Davidius yuanbaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,yuanbaensis,,,,,"Zhu, Yan and Li, 1988", 168118,Pachnodus lionneti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,lionneti,,,,,"Van Mol & Coppois, 1980", 168047,Asiagomphus pacificus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,pacificus,,,,,"(Chao, 1953)","Described under the genus Gomphus Leach. Transferred to Asiagomphus (Asahina, 1985)." 168119,Pachnodus oxoniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,oxoniensis,,,,,"Gerlach, 1994", 168120,Pachnodus fregatensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,fregatensis,,,,,"Van Mol & Coppois, 1980", 168049,Planaeschna celia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,celia,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2001", 168050,Scalmogomphus guizhouensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Scalmogomphus,guizhouensis,,,,,"Zhou & Li, 2000", 168051,Potamarcha puella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Potamarcha,puella,,,,,"Needham, 1930", 168123,Dupontia levensonia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dupontia,levensonia,,,,,"Gerlach, 2003", 168052,Melligomphus dolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Melligomphus,dolus,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)","Described from a single female from Guangxi by Needham (1930) as Gomphus dolus. Needham (1941) transferred dolus to the genus Burmagomphus. Chao (1990) established the onychogomphine genus Melligomphus and transferred dolus to this new genus based on a study of the type (collection notes: ""C.U. 954.1"")." 168053,Stylurus takashii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,takashii,,,,,"(Asahina, 1966)","The only know specimen, the type female, was originally described as a species of Gomphus Leach by Asahina (1966) who considered the female belong to the 'melanops' group of gomphines, which became included in Asiagomphus Asahina (1985). Chao (1990) transferred takashii to Stylurus Needham." 168054,Stylurus gideon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,gideon,,,,,"(Needham, 1941)",Described by Needham (1941) under the genus Gomphurus Needham 1901. Needham (1948) transferred gideon to Stylurus Needham 1897. 168056,Sinogomphus scissus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sinogomphus,scissus,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1896)",The genus Sinogomphus was established by May (1935) with Sinogomphus nigrofasciatus as the type species. Chao (1990) considers nigrofasciatus is a synonym of Sinogomphus scissus. Klots (1947) first pointed out the probably synonymy of edax with scissus. Sinogomphus shennongianus Liu (1989) described from Hubei was synonymised by Chao (1990). 168128,Pilula mahesiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Pilula,mahesiana,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 168058,Asiagomphus melanopsoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,melanopsoides,,,,,"(Doi, 1943)","Described under the genus Anisogomphus Sélys. Transferred to Asiagomphus (Asahina, 1989). Lee (2001) considers it is necessary to review whether melanopsoides is a subspecies of Asaigomphus melanops (Sélys), which is common and widespread throughout central and southern Japan." 168130,Punctum seychellarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUNCTIDAE,Punctum,seychellarum,,,,,"Gerlach, 1998", 168060,Leptogomphus celebratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,celebratus,,,,,"Chao, 1982","Chao recorded first male from Jiangfengling as Leptogomphus hainanensis, which he later synonymised with celebratus (Chao, 1990)." 168068,Asiagomphus pacatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,pacatus,,,,,"(Chao, 1953)","Described under the genus Gomphus Leach. Transferred to Asiagomphus (Asahina, 1985)." 168069,Rhinagrion hainanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,hainanense,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2001","Rhinagrion yokoii Sasamoto, 2003 is a junior synonym of this species (Kalkman and Villanueva 2011)." 168070,Nihonogomphus cultratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,cultratus,,,,,"Chao & Wang, 1990", 168135,Acanthennea erinacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Acanthennea,erinacea,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 168071,Paragomphus pardalinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,pardalinus,,,,,"Needham, 1942","Male Paragomphus capricornis (Förster) can be easily misidentified as Paragomphus pardalinus (Wilson and Reels 2001, Wilson 2005). Wilson and Reels (2001) consider that Paragomphus wuzishanensis Liu (1988) may be a synonym of pardalinus." 168072,Idionyx unguiculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,unguiculata,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","Wilson (2004) reported the three females collected from Diding, western Guangxi may represent a separate, closely related new species." 168137,Augustula braueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Augustula,braueri,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 168073,Mnais gregoryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnais,gregoryi,,,,,"Fraser, 1924",Asahina (1974) reviewed the status of M. gregoryi and considered maclachlani and semiopaca were races of gregoryi. 168139,Careoradula perelegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Careoradula,perelegans,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 168075,Merogomphus vespertinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Merogomphus,vespertinus,,,,,"Chao, 1999", 168076,Davidius nanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,nanus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1869)","Originally described under the genus Hagenius Sélys, 1854." 168141,Conturbatia crenata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Conturbatia,crenata,,,,,"Gerlach, 2001", 168142,Edentulina moreleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Edentulina,moreleti,,,,,"(Adams, 1868)", 168143,Edentulina dussumieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Edentulina,dussumieri,,,,,"(Dufo, 1840)","Four subspecies are recognised:

Edentulina dussumieri dussumieri (Dufo, 1840)
Edentulina dussumieri reservae Gerlach & Bruggen, 1999
Edentulina dussumieri silhouettae Gerlach & Bruggen, 1999
Edentulina dussumieri praslina Gerlach & Bruggen, 1999" 168144,Seychellaxis souleyetianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Seychellaxis,souleyetianus,,,,,"(Petit, 1841)","This species was recently changed from the genera Gonaxis to Seychellaxis (Schileyko 2000) . One synonym is recognized: Streptaxis souleyetianus (Petit, 1841)." 168145,Glabrennea gardineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Glabrennea,gardineri,,,,,"(Sykes, 1909)","This species recently changed genus, from Gulella to Glabrennea (Schileyko 2000)." 168146,Glabrennea silhouettensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Glabrennea,silhouettensis,,,,,"(Verdcourt, 1994)","This species recently changed genus, from Gulella to Glabrennea (Schileyko 2000)." 168147,Imperturbatia constans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Imperturbatia,constans,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 168149,Priodiscus spinosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Priodiscus,spinosus,,,,,"Gerlach, 1995", 168150,Priodiscus serratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Priodiscus,serratus,,,,,"(Adams, 1868)", 168151,Priodiscus costatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Priodiscus,costatus,,,,,"Gerlach, 1995", 168153,Silhouettia silhouettae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Silhouettia,silhouettae,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 168155,Stereostele nevilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Stereostele,nevilli,,,,,"(Adams, 1868)","Two subspecies are described: S. n. nevilli and S. n. parvidentata Gerlach & Bruggen, 1999. There is one synonym: Streptosele nevilli (Adams, 1868)." 168159,Quickia aldabrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Quickia,aldabrensis,,,,,"Patterson, 1975", 168162,Nesokaliella subturritula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Nesokaliella,subturritula,,,,,"(Nevill & Nevill, 1878)","This genus has not been formally assigned to a family; it has been tentatively placed in the family Gastrodontidae. There is one recognized synonym: Kaliella subturritula (Nevill & Nevill, 1878)." 168163,Nesokaliella intermedia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Nesokaliella,intermedia,,,,,"Gerlach, 2001",This genus has not been formally assigned to a family; it has been tentatively placed in the family Gastrodontidae. 168164,Nesokaliella minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Nesokaliella,minuta,,,,,"Gerlach, 1998",This genus has not been formally assigned to a family; it has been tentatively placed in the family Gastrodontidae. 168167,Filicaulis seychellensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA,VERONICELLIDAE,Filicaulis,seychellensis,,,,,"(Fischer, 1871)","Several synonyms are recognized for this species:

Vanigula seychellensis (Fisher, 1871)
Vanigula tristis Heynemann, 1885
Vanigula elegans Heynemann, 1885
Vanigula bicolor Heynemann, 1885
Vanigula seychellensis Fisher, 1871" 168170,Kaliella aldabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Kaliella,aldabra,,,,,"Gerlach, 2009",This is an undescribed species restricted to Aldabra atoll; its generic placement is uncertain. 168171,Pleuropoma theobaldiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Pleuropoma,theobaldiana,,,,,"(Nevill & Nevill, 1878)", 168175,Stomacosmethis balingensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ALYCAEIDAE,Stomacosmethis,balingensis,,,,,"(Tomlin, 1948)", 168177,Hypselostoma elephas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Hypselostoma,elephas,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1950","
" 168178,Hypselostoma perigyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Hypselostoma,perigyra,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1950", 168179,Opisthostoma michaelis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,michaelis,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1952", 168181,Opisthostoma thersites,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,thersites,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1952", 168183,Paraboysidia serpa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Paraboysidia,serpa,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1950", 168185,Gyliotrachela luctans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Gyliotrachela,luctans,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1950", 168186,Hypselostoma megaphonum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Hypselostoma,megaphonum,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1950", 168189,Plectostoma senex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,senex,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)", 168190,Opisthostoma trapezium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,trapezium,,,,,"van Benthem-Jutting, 1952", 168191,Partula lugubris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,lugubris,,,,,"Pease, 1864", 168192,Partula navigatoria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,navigatoria,,,,,Pfeiffer, 168194,Samoana bellula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,bellula,,,,,Hartman, 168196,Samoana decussatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,decussatula,,,,,Pfeiffer, 168197,Samoana dryas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,dryas,,,,,"Crampton & Cooke, 1953", 168198,Samoana ganymedes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,ganymedes,,,,,Pfeiffer, 168200,Samoana inflata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,inflata,,,,,Reeve, 168202,Samoana margaritae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,margaritae,,,,,"Crampton & Cooke, 1953", 168210,Rhombuniopsis tauriformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Rhombuniopsis,tauriformis,,,,,"Fulton, 1906","This species is also described as Unio sp. A in Tchang-Si (1948)." 168211,Cipangopaludina dianchiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,dianchiensis,,,,,"Zhang, 1994", 168212,Margarya bicostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Margarya,bicostata,,,,,"Tchang & Tsi, 1949","Tchang-Si and Tsi, Chung-Yen named this species in their 1949 paper, regarding it as a subspecies. Xia (1982) reviewed the Margarya species in Lake Dianchi, and believed this to be a separate species. Xia is followed here." 168213,Margarya melanoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Margarya,melanoides,,,,,"Nevill, 1877", 168214,Margarya monodi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Margarya,monodi,,,,,"Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906", 168215,Margarya yangtsunghaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Margarya,yangtsunghaiensis,,,,,"Tschang & Tsi, 1949", 168217,Garra elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,elongata,,,,,"Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000","Garra elongata was originally described by Vishwanath and Kosygin (2000). Kullander and Fang (2004) recognised it as a valid species." 168218,Osteobrama belangeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteobrama,belangeri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)","Valeinciennes in Cuvier and Valernciennes (1844) described Leuciscus belangeri from Bengal. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) placed the species under Osteobrama. " 168245,Paracanthocobitis rubidipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paracanthocobitis,rubidipinnis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Blyth (1860) described Cobitis rubidipinnis from Rangoon (or possibly Mandalay), Myanmar. Kottelat (1990) put the species under Acanthocobitis Peters. Singer and Page (2015) put the species under Paracanthocobitis." 168246,Schistura multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,multifasciata,,,,,(Day 1878),"Day (1878) described Nemacheilus multifasciatus from Darjeeling, India. Banarescu & Nalbant (1995) placed the species under Schistura." 168247,Barilius radiolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,radiolatus,,,,,"Günther, 1868","Gunther (1868) described Barilius radiolatus from Narmada River in Madhya Pradesh, India.  " 168248,Devario acuticephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,acuticephala,,,,,"(Hora, 1921)","

Hora (1921) described Danio acuticephala from Manipur. The species is put under Devario now (Fang 2001).

" 168249,Garra lissorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,lissorhynchus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1842)","McClelland (1843) described Platycara lissorhynchus from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. Hora (1921) placed the species under Garra Hamilton and synonymised Discognathus macrochir Gunther, Mayoa modesta Day, under it. The species is recognised as valid by Menon (1964), Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Vishwanath (1993), Jayaram (1999) and Kullander and Fang (2004)." 168250,Garra nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,nigricollis,,,,,"Kullander & Fang, 2004","Kullander and Fang (2004) described Garra nigricollis from Rakhine State of Myanmar. Nebeshwar et al. (2009) considered it as a valid species." 168252,Garra manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,manipurensis,,,,,"Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988","Vishwanath and Sarojnalini (1988) described Garra manipurensis from Manipur, India. The species is treated as valid by Vishwanath (1993), Jayaram (1999), Kullander and Fang (2004) and Nebeshwar et al. (2009)." 168254,Orconectes taylori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,taylori,,,,,"Schuster, 2008", 168255,Clarias magur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,magur,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",Clarias magur was described by Hamilton (1822) from gangetic provinces.  The identity of the southern form of Clarias requires verification.  The range of distribution of Clarias batrachus is now restricted to Sunda Islands (type locality Java) (Ng and Kottelat 2008). 168256,Schizothorax progastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,progastus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)", 168257,Schizothorax raraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,raraensis,,,,,"Terashima, 1984",
 168259,Pterocryptis barakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,barakensis,,,,,"Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2006",Pterocryptis barakensis was described from the Barak River by Vishwanath and Nebeshwar in Jayaram (2006).  The original description was scanty and the species was redescribed by Vishwanath and Nebeshwar (2009). 168263,Silurus burmanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,burmanensis,,,,,"Thant, 1966","This species was described from Inlé Lake (Thant 1966), and has not been recorded since its description." 168264,Pterocryptis gangelica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,gangelica,,,,,"Peters, 1861","Pterocryptis gangelica was described from the Ganges River (Peters 1861).  Silurus afghana Günther, 1864 and Silurus dukai Day, 1873, are considered its junior synonyms (Ng and Chan 2005; Ferraris 2007)." 168267,Akysis manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,manipurensis,,,,,"(Arunkumar, 2000)","This species was originally described as a sisorid catfish (Laguvia manipurensis) by Arunkumar (2000), but was shown to be an akysid by Vishwanath et al. (2007)." 168268,Akysis prashadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,prashadi,,,,,"Hora, 1936","This species was described from Lake Indawgyi (in the Ayeyarwaddy River drainage) as A. variegatus variegatus by Prashad and Mukerji (1929). However, this name is subjectively invalid and preoccupied in Akysis by Pimelodus variegatus Bleeker, 1846. Hora (1936) subsequently renamed this species A. prashadi." 168269,Akysis vespertinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,vespertinus,,,,,"Ng, 2008","Akysis vespertinus was described from the Ann Chaung drainage, a river draining the western face of the Rakhine Yoma in western Myanmar (Ng 2008)." 168270,Amblyceps apangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,apangi,,,,,"Nath & Dey, 1989","Amblyceps apangi was described from the Dikrong River in Arunachal Pradesh, India (Nath and Dey 1989).  The taxonomy of the population in the Tista River drainage needs further research to see if it is conspecific with material from Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland." 168271,Amblyceps arunchalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,arunchalensis,,,,,"Nath & Dey, 1989","Amblyceps arunachalensis was described from the Dikrong River in Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India (Nath and Dey 1989). This species was considered a junior synonym of A. mangois (Hamilton 1822) by Ng (2005) before Vishwanath and Linthoingambi (2007) revalidated the species." 168272,Amblyceps caecutiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,caecutiens,,,,,"Blyth, 1858","Amblyceps caecutiens was originally described from the material collected from Moulmein (in the Salween River drainage) by Blyth (1858).  This species was originally diagnosed as having a short adipose-fin base and small eye (Ng and Kottelat 2000), but a more detailed study of the problem by Ng and Wright (2009) revealed that more than one species of Amblyceps can be found in the Salween River drainage.  Given this possibility and the ambiguous information in the original description, Ng and Wright (2009) stabilized the taxonomy of A. caecutiens by designating a neotype from the Salween River drainage in western Thailand.  This neotype, with a relatively long adipose-fin base and relatively larger eye, would be identified as A. mucronatum using the key in Ng and Kottelat (2000); this makes A. mucronatum (described from the Mekong River drainage) a junior subjective synonym of A. caecutiens. The species with a short adipose-fin base and small eye originally identified as A. caecutiens by Ng and Kottelat (2000) is now referred to A. kurzii by Ng and Wright (2009)." 168273,Amblyceps carinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,carinatum,,,,,"Ng, 2005",Amblyceps carinatum was described from the upper Irrawaddy River drainage (Ng 2005). 168274,Amblyceps laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,laticeps,,,,,"(McClelland, 1842)","Amblyceps laticeps was described from the Khasi Hills in India (McClelland 1842), an area that is drained by the Brahmaputra River drainage." 168275,Amblyceps murraystuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,murraystuarti,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1919","Amblyceps murraystuarti was described from the Putao plains in the Irrawaddy River drainage, northern Myanmar (Chaudhuri 1919).  This species has been previously considered a junior synonym of A. mangois by some authors (Hora 1933)." 168276,Amblyceps tenuispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,tenuispinis,,,,,"Blyth, 1860",Amblyceps tenuispinis was described from Ghazipur in India (Blyth 1860). 168277,Amblyceps torrentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,torrentis,,,,,"Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2008","Amblyceps torrentis was described from the Chindwin River drainage, a major tributary of the Irrawaddy River (Linthoingambi and Vishwanath 2008)." 168278,Amblyceps tuberculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,tuberculatum,,,,,"Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2008","Amblyceps tuberculatum was described from the Chindwin River drainage, a major tributary of the Irrawaddy River (Linthoingambi and Vishwanath 2008)." 168279,Gymnostomus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,inornatus,,,,,"(Roberts, 1997)", 168280,Crossocheilus burmanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,burmanicus,,,,,"Hora, 1936","Hora (1936) decribed Crossocheilus burmanicus from Buma (Myanmar). Talwar and Jhingran (1991) pointed out that Hora (1936) did not designate any type nor formally described the species, however, Hora and Misra (1938), illustrated a specimen which facilitates its specific identity. Kottelat (2003) discussed the nomenclatural status and placed Crossocheilus multirastellus Su, Yang and Chen (2000) which was described from the Irrawady and Salween basins as a junior synonym of Crossocheilus burmanicus.
" 168281,Garra bispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,bispinosa,,,,,"Zhang, 2005","Zhang (2005) described Garra bispinosa from the Daying Jiang, Yunnan, southern China. He revealed that Garra orientalis reported from the upper Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan, southern China consisted of two distinct species namely, Garra salweenica Hora and Mukerji and Garra bispinosa which described as a new species (Zhang 2006).
" 168282,Garra flavatra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,flavatra,,,,,"Kullander & Fang, 2004","Kullander and Fang (2004) described Garra flavatra from Rakhine Yoma, Myanmar. Nebeshwar et al. (2009) recognised it as a valid species." 168283,Garra litanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,litanensis,,,,,"Vishwanath, 1993","Vishwanath (1993) described Garra litanensis from Manipur (Chindwin River basin), India. The species treated as valid by Kullander and Fang (2004) and Nebeshwar et al. (2009)." 168285,Garra paralissorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,paralissorhynchus,,,,,"Vishwanath & Shanta Devi, 2005","Vishwanath and Shanta Devi (2005) described Garra paralissorhynchus from Manipur, India. It is considered as valid by Vishwanath and Linthoingambi (2008)." 168286,Garra poecilura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,poecilura,,,,,"Kullander & Fang, 2004","Kullander and Fang (2004) described Garra poecilura from Rakhine State of Myanmar. Nebeshwar et al. (2009) treated it as a valid species." 168287,Garra propulvinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,propulvinus,,,,,"Kullander & Fang, 2004","

Kullander and Fang (2004) described Garra propulvinus from Rakhine Yoma, Myanmar. Nebeshwar et al. (2009) treated it as a valid species.

" 168288,Garra qiaojiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,qiaojiensis,,,,,"Wu & Yao, 1977","Wu and Yao (1977) described Garra qiaojiensis from the Longchuan Jiang (upper Irrawaddy River Basin), Yunnan, China.  However, Zhang (2005) remarked that Garra qiaojiensis was first described by Wu et al. (1977) base only on a single specimen.  It is treated valid by Zhang and Chen (2002) and Zhang (2005)." 168289,Garra rakhinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,rakhinica,,,,,Kullander & Fang 2004,"

Kullander and Fang (2004) described Garra rakhinica from Rakhine State of Myanmar. The species is treated as a valid species by Nebeshwar et al. (2009).

" 168290,Garra spilota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,spilota,,,,,Kullander & Fang 2004,"

Kullander and Fang ((2004) described Garra spilota from Rakhine State of Myanmar. Nebeshwar et al. (2009) considered it as valid species.

" 168291,Garra vittatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,vittatula,,,,,Kullander & Fang 2004,

Kullander and Fang (2004) described Garra vittatula from Rakhine State of Myanmar. Nebeshwar et al. (2009) considered it as valid species.

168294,Cabdio ukhrulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Cabdio,ukhrulensis,,,,,"(Selim & Vishwanath, 2001)", 168297,Ayarnangra estuarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Ayarnangra,estuarius,,,,,"Roberts, 2001",Ayarnangra estuarius was described from the Irrawaddy delta (Roberts 2001). 168298,Paracanthocobitis zonalternans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paracanthocobitis,zonalternans,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Blyth (1860) described Cobitis zonalternans from Thailand. Kottelat (1990) placed the species under Acanthocobitis. Singer and Page (2015) put the species under Paracanthocobitis." 168299,Bangana devdevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,devdevi,,,,,"(Hora, 1936)","Hora (1936) described Labeo devdevi from Myanmar and Thailand. Doi (1997) considered the species under Bangana Hamilton." 168300,Bangana diplostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,diplostoma,,,,,"(Heckel, 1838)","Heckel (1838) described Varicorhinus diplostomus from Kashmir. The species is placed under Bangana Hamilton by Kullander et al. (1999)." 168301,Barilius chatricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,chatricensis,,,,,"Selim & Vishwanath, 2002","Selim and Vishwanath (2002) described Barilius chatricensis from Chatrickong River (Chindwin basin), Manipur, India." 168302,Barilius lairokensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,lairokensis,,,,,"Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2000","Arunkumar and Tombi (2000) described the species from Chindwin basin, Manipur, India." 168303,Barilius ngawa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,ngawa,,,,,"Vishwanath & Manojkumar, 2002","Vishwanath and Manojkumar (2002) described the species from Chindwin basin, Manipur, India.
" 168335,Badis badis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,badis,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",


168336,Badis blosyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,blosyrus,,,,,"Kullander & Britz, 2002","
" 168337,Badis chittagongis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,chittagongis,,,,,"Kullander & Britz, 2002", 168338,Badis corycaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,corycaeus,,,,,"Kullander & Britz, 2002","


" 168339,Badis ferrarisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,ferrarisi,,,,,"Kullander & Britz, 2002","


" 168342,Badis tuivaiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,tuivaiei,,,,,"Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004","
" 168343,Balitora burmanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,burmanica,,,,,"Hora, 1932","Balitora burmanica is a species from southern Myanmar (Meekalan)." 168344,Batasio elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,elongatus,,,,,"Ng, 2004",Batasio elongatus was described from the rivers draining the western slope of the Rakhine Yoma in western Myanmar (Ng 2004). 168345,Batasio fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,fasciolatus,,,,,"Ng, 2006","Batasio fasciolatus was described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in West Bengal, India (Ng 2006).  Batasio fasciolatus has often been midisentified as B. tengana in the older literature (e.g. Hora and Law 1941)." 168346,Batasio macronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,macronotus,,,,,"Ng & Edds, 2004",Batasio macronotus was described from the Ganges River basin (Ng and Edds 2004). 168347,Batasio merianiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,merianiensis,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1913)",Batasio merianiensis was described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in Assam (Chaudhuri 1913). 168348,Batasio procerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,procerus,,,,,"Ng, 2008",Batasio procerus was described from the Irrawaddy River drainage in northern Myanmar (Ng 2008). 168349,Batasio spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,spilurus,,,,,"Ng, 2006",Batasio spilurus was described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in Assam (Ng 2006). 168351,Cephalocassis jatia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cephalocassis,jatia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Cephalocassis jatia was described from Bengal by Hamilton (1822). It is distinguished from congeners in having a relatively large head, long barbels and long dorsal-fin spine. This species is sometimes referred to Hemipimelodus in some accounts (e.g. Vidthayanon et al. 2005), and to Arius in others (e.g. Marceniuk and Menezes 2007). The taxonomy of the species requires study, as the conspecificity of the populations from the Ganges-Brahmaputra system and the Irrawaddy River drainage needs confirmation." 168352,Clupisoma bastari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Clupisoma,bastari,,,,,"Datta & Karmakar, 1980","Clupisoma bastari was described by Datta and Karmakar (1980) from Indravati River, a tributary of Godavari River in Bastar District, Madhya Pradesh (now in Chattisgarh), India." 168353,Clupisoma roosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Clupisoma,roosae,,,,,"Ferraris, 2004",
 168354,Labeo microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,microphthalmus,,,,,"Day, 1877",Menon (1999) considered Labeo microphthalmus as a junior synonym of Labeo dero but a more recent publication has considered it as a valid species (Jayaram and Dhas 2000). 168355,Labeo stolizkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,stolizkae,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870",Steindachner (1870) described this species from Myanmar. There are no subsequent reports from the type locality. 168356,Monopterus hodgarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,hodgarti,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1913)","Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Jayaram (1999) have considered this species as Moringua hodgarti (Order: Anguilliformes, Family: Moringuidae) based on the original combination. Menon (1999) changed the status of this fish to Monopterus hodgarti (Order: Synbranchiformes, Family: Synbranchidae). This change is a major one because the change is at the order level." 168359,Poropuntius margarianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,margarianus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)","The Poropuntius group from Myanmar requires further taxonomic work." 168360,Sarasaeschna pryeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,pryeri,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)",Recently Karube & Yeh (2001) established the new genus Sarasaeschna and new combination for this species. 168362,Sympetrum gracile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,gracile,,,,,"Oguma, 1915", 168363,Mnais pruinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnais,pruinosa,,,,,"Sélys, 1853","Japanese Mnais species are taxonomically very difficult and have been split up into four species. Recent DNA study has shown that it is best to regard them as two separate species and this opinion was provided under morphological evidence (Hayashi et al 2004.). The two accepted Japanese Mnais species are:
- Mnais pruinosa Selys, 1853
- Mnais costalis Selys, 1869" 168364,Stylurus nagoyanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,nagoyanus,,,,,"Asahina, 1951", 168365,Nihonogomphus viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,viridis,,,,,"Oguma, 1926", 168366,Rhipidolestes asatoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,asatoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1994", 168367,Stylogomphus suzukii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,suzukii,,,,,"(Matsumura, 1926)", 168368,Coenagrion terue,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,terue,,,,,"(Asahina, 1949)", 168370,Calopteryx cornelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,cornelia,,,,,"Sélys, 1853", 168371,Anax panybeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,panybeus,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 168373,Stylurus oculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,oculatus,,,,,"(Asahina, 1949)", 168374,Chaetodontoplus poliourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,poliourus,,,,,"Randall & Rocha, 2009", 168397,Salmostoma sladoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,sladoni,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","

The type specimens of this species were described by Francis Day from the Mandalay area of Myanmar. It was previously known as Chela sladoni.

" 168398,Schistura singhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,singhi,,,,,"(Menon, 1987)","Menon (1987) described Neomacheilus singhi from Kiphire, Nagaland, India. Currently, the species has been placed in the genus Schistura." 168399,Proeutropiichthys macropthalmos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Proeutropiichthys,macropthalmos,,,,,(Blyth 1860),"Proeutropiichthys macrophthalmos was described from Tenasserim, Myanmar (Blyth 1860), which is now taken to mean the southern part of Myanmar (and not necessarily the administrative unit of that name). Proeutropiichthys taakree burmanicus Tilak, 1981 is considered its junior subjective synonym." 168400,Nangra bucculenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Nangra,bucculenta,,,,,"Roberts & Ferraris, 1998",
 168401,Schistura chindwinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,chindwinica,,,,,"(Tilak & Husain, 1990)","Tilak and Husain (1990) described Nemacheilus chindwinicus from Manipur, India (a tributary of the Chindwin River, Manipur). Later Vishwanath and Nebeshwar (2004) collected the fish from Brahmaputra basin in Manipur and treated under the genus Schistura; the taxonomic record of this specimen needs confirmation.  Tilak and Husain's (1990) naming the species as 'chindwinica' meaning a Chindwin species is probably a mistake. Its syntypes in Manipur University museum is from Barak drainage." 168402,Erethistes spinulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,spinulus,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 2007)",Hara spinulus was described from a river draining the western face of the Rakhine Yoma in western Myanmar. 168403,Pseudecheneis eddsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,eddsi,,,,,"Ng, 2006",Pseudecheneis eddsi was described from central Nepal (Ng 2006). 168404,Sisor barakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Sisor,barakensis,,,,,"Vishwanath & Darshan, 2005","Sisor barakensis was described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in Manipur, India (Vishwanath and Darshan 2005)." 168406,Lepidocephalichthys micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,micropogon,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Acanthopsis micropogon Blyth, 1860 was described from Tenasserim province, Myanmar, (Probably Sittang river basin).  It has been subsequently placed under Lepidocephalichthys (Havird and Page 2010)." 168407,Neolissochilus spinulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,spinulosus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1845)",This species is rare and more information on its identity is need (Talwar and Jhingran 1991) 168408,Oxygymnocypris stewartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Oxygymnocypris,stewartii,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1908)","Oxygymnocypris stewartii was described from Gyantse in Tibet (Lloyd 1908) as Schizopygopsis stewartii. This species was transferred to Oxygymnocypris (then considered a subgenus of Gymnocypris) by Tsao (1964), which has since been elevated to generic rank (Wu 1987)." 168410,Hemibagrus peguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,peguensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)","Hemibagrus peguensis was described from the Sittang River near Toungoo, Myanmar (Boulenger 1894)." 168411,Triplophysa stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,stewarti,,,,,"(Hora, 1922)",This species was described by Hora (1922) from the Rham Tso lake drainage in southern Tibet. 168412,Opsarius cocsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsarius,cocsa,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","The taxonomy of this species is yet to be resolved as it has been considered as a synonym of Opsarius / Barilius bendelisis. Currently considered valid as Opsarius cocsa (Eschmeyer and Fricke 2010)." 168413,Psilorhynchus balitora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,balitora,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Originally described as Cyprinus balitora by Hamilton (1822) from rivers of north-east Bengal. Day (1877), Sen (1985), Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Jayaram (1999), Vishwanath et al. (2007), Conway and Kottetat (2007), Conway and Mayden (2008a) and Conway and Mayden (2008b) recognised it as Psilorhynchus balitora." 168415,Devario browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,browni,,,,,"(Regan, 1907)","Regan (1907) described Danio browni from Upper Myanmar. Fang (2001) treated it under the genus Devario. " 168416,Myersglanis blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Myersglanis,blythii,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","Myersglanis blythii was described from an unknown locality on the Indian subcontinent by Day (1870). The species was originally described as a species of Exostoma, for which Day (1872) subsequently included material collected from Darjeeling, India. As pointed out by Hora (1923), this material from Darjiling differs from the syntypes of Exostoma blythii in lacking a post-labial groove; the Darjeeling material was reidentified in the same study (Hora 1923) as Glyptosternum hodgarti, described as a new species (now Parachiloglanis hodgarti). The species was thought to be found in Pharphing, Nepal by Regan (1907), but recent surveys in Nepal have not found a glyptosternine catfish with the features as described for M. blythii. Despite the redescription of the species (and reassignment to Myersglanis) by Hora and Silas (1952), doubts still remain as to the exact identity of this species (H.H. Ng pers. comm.).  However, since the Darjeeling population (Parachiloglanis hodgarti) differs from Myersglanis blythii by the labial groove structure, the identity of M. blythii is valid.  However, examination of more specimens of the latter is required to stabilize the specific and generic status (W. Vishwanath pers. comm.)." 168417,Indostomus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,INDOSTOMIDAE,Indostomus,paradoxus,,,,,"Prashad & Mukerji, 1929", 168418,Gagata melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gagata,melanopterus,,,,,"Roberts & Ferraris, 1998",Gagata melanopterus was described from the Hlaing River near Yangon. 168419,Schistura subfusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,subfusca,,,,,"McClelland, 1839","McClelland (1839) described Schistura subfusca from upper Assam, India.  Subsequently it was synonymised with Neomacheilus scaturigina (McClelland) described from Hamilton's collections, by Menon (1987).   This was treated as a valid species (Zhu 1989) and later placed under the genus Schistura (H.H. Ng pers. comm.).  " 168420,Pangio apoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,apoda,,,,,"Britz & Maclaine, 2007","Pangio apoda Britz and Maclaine 2007 was described from Tista River, Brahmaputra drainage." 168421,Schistura reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,reticulata,,,,,"Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2004","Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma (2004) described Schistura reticulata from Maklang River (Chindwin basin), Manipur in India." 168422,Glyptothorax burmanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,burmanicus,,,,,Prashad & Mukerji 1929,"Glyptothorax burmanicus was described from the middle Irrawaddy River drainage in Myanmar (Prashad and Mukerji 1929). It has long been considered a synonym of G. cavia (e.g. Chu and Mo 1999), but has been recently revalidated (Vishwanath and Linthoingambi 2007; Ng and Kottelat 2008)." 168423,Pseudecheneis crassicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,crassicauda,,,,,"Ng & Edds, 2005",Pseudecheneis crassicauda was described from eastern Nepal (Ng and Edds 2005). 168424,Channa panaw,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,panaw,,,,,"Musikasinthorn, 1998","Channa panaw was previously confused with Channa punctata." 168426,Ptychobarbus dipogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Ptychobarbus,dipogon,,,,,(Regan 1905),"Ptychobarbus dipogon was described from Lhasa, Tibet (Regan 1905) as Schizothorax dipogon.  The species was reassigned to Ptychobarbus (then considered a subgenus of Diptychus) by Tsao (1964)." 168427,Sperata aorella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Sperata,aorella,,,,,"(Blyth, 1858)","This species was described by Blyth (1858) from Calcutta, but was synonymized under S. seenghala Sykes, 1839. Ferraris and Runge (1999) resurrected it and treated it as a valid species." 168428,Erethistoides ascita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistoides,ascita,,,,,"Ng & Edds, 2005",
 168430,Schistura yingjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,yingjiangensis,,,,,"(Zhu, 1982)","Zhu (1982) described this species from Daying River, a tributary of the Irrawaddy River, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China." 168431,Hemibagrus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,microphthalmus,,,,,"(Day, 1877)",Hemibagrus microphthalmus was described from the Irrawaddy River (Day 1877). 168432,Macrognathus zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,zebrinus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1858)","Blyth (1858) described Mastacembelus zebrinus from Maulmein, Myamnar. Travers (1984) (and then Roberts (1986)) treated it under the genus Macrognathus.
" 168433,Schistura tirapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,tirapensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990","Menon (1987) described Noemacheilus arunachalensis from Riwa River at Manpong [Nampong], Arunachal Pradesh, India. Kottelat (1990) suggested a replacement name for the species, i.e., Schistura tirapensis." 168434,Schizothorax macropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,macropogon,,,,,"Regan, 1905","Schizothorax macropogon was described from Lhasa, Tibet (Regan 1905).  This species has sometimes been referred to the genus Racoma (e.g. Wu and Wu 1992), which is now considered a subgenus of Schizothorax (e.g. Chen and Cao 2000)." 168435,Glyptosternon malaisei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptosternon,malaisei,,,,,"Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941",Glyptosternon malaisei was described from the upper Irrawaddy River drainage in northern Myanmar (Rendahl and Vestergren 1941). It has not been encountered since its original description and the taxonomic status of this species is badly in need of verification with freshly collected material. 168436,Devario strigillifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,strigillifer,,,,,"(Myers, 1924)","Myers (1924) described Danio strigillifer from Upper Myanmar. Fang and Kullander (2009) treated it under the genus Devario." 168437,Schizothorax meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,meridionalis,,,,,"Tsao, 1964","Schizothorax meridionalis was described from the Longchuanjiang (a tributary of the upper Irrawaddy River) in Yunnan, China (Tsao 1964) as a subspecies of S. molesworthi." 168438,Gobiopterus chuno,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopterus,chuno,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","There is considerable confusion surrounding the identity of Gobiopterus chuno and a taxonomic revision of the genus is badly needed. At the present moment, this appears to be a catch-all taxon for which populations from throughout south and southeast Asia have been lumped. It is likely that a close study would reveal the presence of more than a single species lumped under this taxon." 168439,Physoschistura rivulicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Physoschistura,rivulicola,,,,,"(Hora, 1929)","Hora (1929) described Nemachilus rivulicola from southern Shan States, Myanmar. Kottelat (1990) considered the species under Physoschistura." 168440,Schistura acuticephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,acuticephala,,,,,"(Hora, 1929)","Hora (1929) described Nemachilus acuticephalus from Myanmar. Kottelat (1990) has put the species under the genus Schistura." 168441,Schizopygopsis younghusbandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,younghusbandi,,,,,"Regan, 1905","Schizopygopsis younghusbandi was described from Lhasa, Tibet (Regan 1905). Several species and subspecies are currently considered its junior synonyms: S. wui Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964, S. younghusbandi himalayensis Tsao, 1974,  S. younghusbandi makianensis Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964 and S. younghusbandi shannaensis Wu, Tsao, Chen & Zhu in Wu & Wu, 1992.  The rationale for considering these nominal taxa as junior synonyms of S. younghusbandi should be re-examined and the taxonomic status of these nominal taxa re-examined." 168442,Eutropiichthys burmannicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Eutropiichthys,burmannicus,,,,,"Day, 1877",
 168443,Devario kakhienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,kakhienensis,,,,,(Anderson 1879),"Anderson (1879) described Danio kakhinensis from Kakhyen hills, western Yunnan border, China. The species is under genus Devario now (Fang, 2001). " 168444,Channa ornatipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,ornatipinnis,,,,,"Britz, 2008",Channa ornatipinnis was recently described in 2007 (Britz 2007). 168445,Devario ostreographus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,ostreographus,,,,,"(Mcclelland, 1839)","McClelland (1839) described Perilampus ostreographus from Assam. Conway et al. (2009) treated it under the genus Devario.
" 168446,Pillaia kachinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Pillaia,kachinica,,,,,"Kullander, Britz & Fang, 2000", 168447,Pseudolaguvia tenebricosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,tenebricosa,,,,,"Britz & Ferraris, 2003","Pseudolaguvia tenebricosa was described from the Pathe Chaung in the Sittang River drainage in southern Myanmar (Britz and Ferraris 2003).  However, the non-type material from the Irrawaddy River drainage mentioned in the original description of this species may not be conspecific with the type material from the Sittang River drainage. There is currently insufficient material of the former to verify if this is the case." 168448,Sicyopterus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Day, 1874)","This species was described from an unspecified locality in Myanmar (Day 1874). Previously thought to have a wide-ranging distribution westwards to Madagascar, S. fasciatus was thence thought to be conspecific with S. franouxi, a species described from Madagascar (Stiassny and Harrison 2000). However, Sparks and Nelson demonstrated the distinctiveness of the populations from Myanmar and Madagascar, and restrict S. fasciatus to the species from Myanmar. Sicyopterus fasciatus is distinguished from congeners by the presence of prominent vertical dark bands on the body." 168451,Gagata dolichonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gagata,dolichonema,,,,,"He, 1996","Gagata dolichonema was described from the Nujiang (Salween River in China) by He (1996).  The species was initially thought to be distinct from Gagata gasawyuh from the middle and lower Salween (Roberts and Ferraris 1998), but both species are now thought to be conspecific (Ferraris 2007).  It is distinguished from congeners by its large size, four distinct saddles on the body and dark marks on the caudal-fin lobes forming a single continuous lunate mark in the middle of the caudal fin (Roberts and Ferraris 1998)." 168452,Macrognathus morehensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,morehensis,,,,,"Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2000", 168455,Schistura inglisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,inglisi,,,,,"(Hora, 1935)","Hora (1935) described Nemachilus rupecola inglisi from rivers below Darjeeling and in Sikkim, eastern Himalaya.  Menon (1987) included it under the synonym of Noemacheilus multifasciatus Day.  Subsequently the subspecies has been given a species status and included under Schistura by Banarescu and Nalbant (1995).
" 168456,Psilorhynchus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,gracilis,,,,,"Rainboth, 1983","Original description based on specimens collected from multiple localities throughout Bangladesh (Rainboth 1983). Recognised as a valid species by Rahman (1989), Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Edds and Ng (2007), Kar and Sen (2007), Conway and Kottelat (2007) and Conway and Mayden (2008a,b)." 168457,Glyptothorax dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,dorsalis,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1890","Glyptothorax dorsalis was described from the Mitan Chaung in the Salween River drainage (Vinciguerra 1890). Several other species have been confused under this name, most notably G. ngapang, which have been misidentified as this species by Chinese authors (e.g. Chu and Mo 1999)." 168458,Schizothorax curvilabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,curvilabiatus,,,,,"(Wu & Tsao, 1992)","Schizothorax curvilabiatus was described as Racoma curvilabiata by Wu and Tsao in Wu and Wu 1992 from the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangpo (upper Brahmaputra River) in Tibet, China. The species has since been reassigned to Schizothorax (e.g. Zhang et al. 1995).  The taxonomy of Schizothorax is greatly in need of revision (S. Kullander pers. comm. 2010)." 168460,Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Neoeucirrhichthys,maydelli,,,,,"Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1968","Banarescu & Nalbant (1968) described Neoeucirrhichthys maydelli from Goalpara, Brahmaputra basin, Assam.  Edds and Ng (2007) redescribed the species based on Nepalese specimens." 168462,Schizopygopsis chui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,chui,,,,,"(Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964)","Gymnocypris chui was described from Langtso Lake in southern Tibet, China (Tchang et al. 1964). A second subspecies, G. chui longimandibularis, was described from Gongzhu Lake in western Tibet by Tsao, Chen, Wu & Zhu in Wu and Wu (1992)." 168463,Schistura minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,minuta,,,,,"Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar, 2006","Vishwanath and Shantakumar (2006) described Schistura minutus from Iyei River, Manipur, Brahmaputra basin. The species should be called minuta (Kottelet pers. comm.) and not minutus." 168464,Esomus ahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,ahli,,,,,"Hora & Mukerji, 1928",Esomus ahli is commonly known as the Burmese flying barb. 168465,Dario hysginon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Dario,hysginon,,,,,"Kullander & Britz, 2002", 168466,Myersglanis jayarami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Myersglanis,jayarami,,,,,"Vishwanath & Kosygin, 1999",
 168467,Neonoemacheilus assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Neonoemacheilus,assamensis,,,,,"(Menon, 1987)","Menon (1987) described Noemacheilus assamensis from Pagladia River, Assam, India. Arunkumar (2000) placed the species under Neonoemacheilus." 168468,Devario anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,anomalus,,,,,"Conway, Mayden & Tang, 2009",Conway et al. (2009) described the species from Bangladesh. 168469,Exostoma barakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Exostoma,barakensis,,,,,"Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2007",
 168470,Erethistes longissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,longissima,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 2007)", 168471,Devario manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,manipurensis,,,,,"(Barman, 1987)","Barman (1987) described Danio manipurensis from Manipur. Fang (2001) placed it under the genus Devario." 168472,Eutropiichthys britzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Eutropiichthys,britzi,,,,,"Ferraris & Vari, 2007",
 168473,Glyptothorax ventrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,ventrolineatus,,,,,"Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2006",
 168474,Triplophysa microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,microps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)","This species was described by Steindachner (1866) from Rupshu, India (in the Indus River drainage)." 168475,Mystus leucophasis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,leucophasis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)",Mystus leucophasis was described from the Sittang and other rivers in Myanmar (Blyth 1860). 168477,Pangasius myanmar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,myanmar,,,,,"Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991","Roberts and Vidthayanon (1991) described Pangasius myanmar from Myanmar.  This species was earlier confused with pangasius." 168478,Pangio fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,fusca,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Pangio fusca was described from Tenasserim provinces (Myanmar states includes Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Part of Bago, and possibly Tanintharyi) by Blyth 1860." 168480,Parambassis robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,robertsi,,,,,"Datta & Chaudhuri, 1993", 168482,Schizothorax waltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,waltoni,,,,,"Regan, 1905","Schizothorax waltoni was described from Lhasa (Regan 1905).  This species has been assigned to the genus Racoma in some studies (e.g. Wu and Wu 1992).  Oreinus baileyi Lloyd, 1908 has been considered a junior synonym of this species (Tsao 1964)." 168484,Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,goalparensis,,,,,Pillai & Yazdani 1976,"This cobitid loach is commonly called the Tilak loach. Lepidocephalus caudofurcatus is considered its synonym (Havird and Page 2010)." 168485,Sisor chennuah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Sisor,chennuah,,,,,"Ng & Lahkar, 2003","Sisor chennuah was described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in Assam (Dibrugarh), India (Ng 2003), collected through the aquarium trade." 168487,Physoschistura raoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Physoschistura,raoi,,,,,"(Hora, 1929)","Hora (1929) described Nemachilus raoi from Mongyai, northern Shan States, Myanmar. It is put under Physoschistura (Kottelat 1990)." 168489,Triplophysa tibetana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,tibetana,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)",This species was described by Regan (1905) from Lhasa. 168491,Mastacembelus dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,dayi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912","Boulenger (1912) described Mastacembelus dayi from Irrawady drainage, Myanmar." 168492,Glyptothorax manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,manipurensis,,,,,"Menon, 1955","Glyptothorax manipurensis was described from the Barak River (a tributary of the Brahmaputra River) in Manipur, India (Menon 1955). It has been considered a junior synonym of G. sinense (e.g. Talwar and Jhingran 1991), but Kosygin and Vishwanath (2005) demonstrated its validity." 168493,Lepidocephalichthys manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,manipurensis,,,,,"Arunkumar, 2000","Lepidocephalichthys manipurensis Arunkumar, 2000 was described from Lairok Maru, a tributary of Lokchao River, near Moreh, Chandel District of Manipur, India." 168494,Gogangra laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gogangra,laevis,,,,,"Ng, 2005",
 168495,Puntius burmanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,burmanicus,,,,,"(Day, 1878)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 168496,Devario sondhii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,sondhii,,,,,"(Hora & Mukerji, 1934)","Hora and Mukherji (1934) described Danio sondhii. Fang (2001) treated it under the genus Devario. " 168497,Nandus andrewi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Nandus,andrewi,,,,,"Ng & Jaafar, 2008",Nandus andrewi was recently described by Ng and Jaafar (2008). 168498,Neolissochilus stracheyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,stracheyi,,,,,"(Day, 1871)", 168499,Schistura reticulofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,reticulofasciata,,,,,"(Singh & Bănărescu, 1982)","Singh & Bănărescu  in Singh et al. (1982) described Mesonoemacheilus reticulofasciatus from Barapani, near Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Kottelat et al. (2007) placed the species in Schistura.

 
" 168500,Rita sacerdotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Rita,sacerdotum,,,,,"Anderson, 1879","Rita sacerdotum was described from Irrawaddy River in Myanmar (Anderson 1879), and was long considered a junior synonym of R. rita (e.g. Vinciguerra, 1890), until Ferraris (1999) revalidated this species." 168501,Parasphaerichthys ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parasphaerichthys,ocellatus,,,,,"Prashad & Mukerji, 1929","
" 168502,Channa pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,pulchra,,,,,"Britz, 2007",Channa pulchra was recently described by Britz (2007). 168505,Sisor torosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Sisor,torosus,,,,,"Ng, 2003","Sisor torosus was described from the Ganges River in Bihar, India (Ng 2003)." 168506,Psilorhynchus homaloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,homaloptera,,,,,"Hora & Mukerji, 1935","Hora and Mukerji (1935) described Psilorhynchus homaloptera from Emilomi, Naga Hills, India.  Yazdani, Singh and Rao (1991) designated P. homaloptera as the type species of Psilorhynchoides.  Jayaram (1999) placed the species under Psilorhynchoides Yazdani, Singh, and Rao.  However, Sen (1985), Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Sen (1995), Vishwanath and Manojkumar (1995), and Conway and Kottelat (2007) recognised it as Psilorhynchus homaloptera." 168507,Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,pseudecheneis,,,,,"Menon & Datta, 1964","Psilorhynchus pseudecheneis was described by Menon and Datta (1964) based on specimens collected during the Indian Cho-Oyu expedition to Nepal, in the headwaters of the Koshi River (Ganges Drainage), from a locality high in the Himalaya, around 2,950 m in altitude. Yazdani et al. (1991) included P. pseudecheneis in Psilorhynchoides. Conway and Kottelat (2007) returned P. pseudecheneis to Psilorhynchus. Shrestha (1981), Rainboth (1983), Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Nebeshwar et al. (2007), Edds (2007), Conway and Kottelat (2007), Conway and Mayden (2008 a,b), and Shrestha (2008) consider it to be a valid species." 168508,Schizothorax oconnori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,oconnori,,,,,"Lloyd, 1908","Schizothorax oconnori was described from Gyantse in Tibet (Lloyd 1908).  The species had been variously referred to as Aspiorhynchus (see Tsao 1964) and Racoma (Wu and Wu 1992) in the literature.  Wu and Wu (1992) recorded differences in the populations from Yigong Lake (which is connected to the Yarlung Zangbo River) and the Yarlung Zangbo River that suggest that the two populations may represent different species.  He and Chen (2009) also record genetic variation in this species (more specifically, the existence of genetically distinct eastern and western clades) that suggest that the taxonomy of this species be examined in greater detail." 168509,Pseudolaguvia tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,tuberculata,,,,,"(Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)","Pseudolaguvia tuberculata was described (as Glyptothorax tuberculatus) from the Irrawaddy River drainage in northern Myanmar by Prashad and Mukerji (1929)." 168510,Psilorhynchus breviminor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,breviminor,,,,,"Conway & Mayden, 2008","Conway and Mayden (2008a) described Psilorhynchus breviminor from Myanmar. Arunachalam and Muralidharan (2008) and Conway and Mayden (2008b) considered it a valid species." 168511,Schizopygopsis dobula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,dobula,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","Gymnocypris dobula was described from an unknown locality by Günther (1868). Wu and Wu (1992) recognize two subspecies, restricting the nominate G. dobula dobula to Peigu (Paiku) Lake, and recognizing the population from Chuocuolong Lake as a distinct subspecies, G. dobula chuoculongensis Tsao, Chen, Wu, Tsao, Chen and Zhu in Wu and Wu (1992)." 168514,Erethistoides sicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistoides,sicula,,,,,"Ng, 2005",
 168515,Pseudecheneis serracula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,serracula,,,,,"Ng & Edds, 2005",Pseudecheneis serracula was described from western Nepal (Ng and Edds 2005). 168516,Pseudolaguvia inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,inornata,,,,,"Ng, 2005",Pseudolaguvia inornata was described from the Koilla Khal in Bangladesh (Ng 2005).  This species has been identified as Glyptothorax sp. (Koilla Khal) in Rahman (2005). 168517,Glyptothorax granulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,granulus,,,,,"Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007","Glyptothorax granulus was described from the Iril River (a tributary of the Chindwin River) in Manipur, India (Vishwanath and Linthoingambi 2007)." 168519,Proeutropiichthys buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Proeutropiichthys,buchanani,,,,,(Valenciennes 1840),"Proeutropiichthys buchanani was described from Hindustan (another name for India), the exact type locality is unknown (Cuvier and Valenciennes 1840 in Jacquemont, 1835-44). The exact identity of this species is uncertain (Ferraris 2007), although this is the only name available for the Proeutropiichthys species found in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent." 168520,Schistura tigrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,tigrina,,,,,"Vishwanath & Nebeshwar Sharma, 2005","Schistura tigrinum was described by Vishwanath and Nebeshwar 2005 from Barak River at Khunphung, Tamenglong District, Manipur, India.
" 168521,Pseudolaguvia muricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,muricata,,,,,"Ng, 2005",Pseudolaguvia muricata was described from Rangapani Khal in the Brahmaputra River drainage in Bangladesh (Ng 2005). 168522,Pseudecheneis sirenica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,sirenica,,,,,"Vishwanath & Darshan, 2007","Pseudecheneis sirenica was described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in Arunachal Pradesh, India (Vishwanath and Darshan 2007)." 168524,Psilorhynchus sucatio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,sucatio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Type specimen of Psilorhynchus sucatio is not available; the species was described by Hamilton based on a specimen that he examined, which he then went on to make an illustration of (which was published by McClelland in 1939) (K. Conway pers. comm.). Day (1877) considered Psilorhynchus sucatio as a doubtful synonym of Homaloptera bilineata. However, it is currently considered a valid species." 168526,Mystus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,pulcher,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1911)",Mystus pulcher was described from the Irrawaddy River in northern Myanmar (Chaudhuri 1911). 168527,Cochlefelis burmanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cochlefelis,burmanicus,,,,,"(Day, 1870)",Cochlefelis burmanicus was described from the Irrawaddy and Salween river drainages in Myanmar (Day 1870). It is distinguished from congeners in having a spatulate snout and maxillary barbels that reach the tip of the pectoral fin. 168528,Puntius pugio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,pugio,,,,,"Kullander, 2008","

Kullander (2008) described Puntius pugio from Myanmar and remarked that the relationships of P. pugio are less certain, but he associated it with P. chola and P. sophore and similar species.

" 168529,Glyptothorax panda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,panda,,,,,"Ferraris & Britz, 2005",Glyptothorax panda was described from the upper Irrawaddy River drainage (Ferraris and Britz 2005). 168530,Schizopygopsis scleracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,scleracanthus,,,,,"(Tsao, Wu, Chen & Zhu, 1992)",
 168531,Microdevario gatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Microdevario,gatesi,,,,,"(Herre, 1939)",Microdevario gatesi was described from Yangon (within the Irrawaddy River delta) by Herre (1939) as Microrasbora gatesi.  The species was transferred to the genus Microdevario by Fang et al. (2009). 168532,Erethistoides cavatura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistoides,cavatura,,,,,"Ng & Edds, 2005",
 168534,Nangra ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Nangra,ornata,,,,,"Roberts & Ferraris, 1998",
 168535,Devario shanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,shanensis,,,,,"(Hora, 1928)","Hora (1928) described Danio shanensis from Myanmar. Fang (2001) treated it under the genus Devario.
" 168536,Schizopygopsis waddellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,waddellii,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)","Gymnocypris waddellii was described from Yamdok Lake in southern Tibet (Regan 1905). Several species are currently considered its junior synonyms: G. gibberis Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964, G. hobsonii Stewart, 1911, G. molicorporus Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964, G. pingi Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964, G. pingi orisolatus Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964 and G. tibetanus (Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964)." 168537,Pseudecheneis suppaetula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,suppaetula,,,,,"Ng, 2006",Pseudecheneis suppaetula was described from the Ganges River drainage in northwestern India (Ng 2006). 168538,Oreichthys cosuatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Oreichthys,cosuatis,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",The taxonomy of this species needs to be revised. Its wide distribution in different drainages suggests that there may be more than one species involved. 168539,Psilorhynchus rahmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,rahmani,,,,,"Conway & Mayden, 2008","Conway and Mayden (2008) described Psilorhynchus rahmani from Chittagong Division, Bangladesh." 168541,Olyra burmanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Olyra,burmanica,,,,,"Day, 1872",
 168544,Semiplotus cirrhosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semiplotus,cirrhosus,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1919","Chaudhuri (1919) described Semiplotus cirrhosus from Putao plains of Myanmar and differentiated it from other Semiplotus by the presence of two small maxillary barbels and the absence of a knob at the symphysis of the lower jaw. Hora (1937) treated S. cirrhosus as a synonym of Semiplotus semiplotus after he found that all specimens of the genus in Zoological Survey of India possessed small maxillary barbels. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) considered it as a synonym of Cyprinion semiplotum. However, Vishwanath and Kosygin (2000) treated S. cirrohosus as a valid species." 168545,Psilorhynchus arunachalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,arunachalensis,,,,,"(Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das 2007)","Originally described as Psilorhynchoides arunachalensis by Nebeshwar, Bagra and Das (2007). Conway and Kottelat (2007) placed the species under the genus Psilorhynchus McClelland." 168546,Schistura papulifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,papulifera,,,,,"Kottelat, Harries & Proudlove, 2007","Kottelat et al. (2007) described the species from Synrang Pamiang cave system, Meghalaya, India." 168547,Pethia meingangbii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,meingangbii,,,,,"(Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2003)","Arunkumar and Tombi Singh (2002) described Puntius meingangbii from Manipur, India. Kullander and Fang (2005) placed under the Puntius conchonius group within the genus. Kullander and Britz (2008) recognised it as valid species. Pethiyagoda et al. (2012) placed the species in Pethia." 168548,Schistura malaisei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,malaisei,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 168549,Glyptothorax ngapang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,ngapang,,,,,"Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007","Glyptothorax ngapang was described from the Iril River, a tributary of the Chindwin River in Manipur, India (Vishwanath and Linthoingambi 2007).  This species has often been misidentified as either G. dorsalis or G. minimaculatus in museum collections and in the literature (e.g. Chu and Mo 1999)." 168551,Glyptothorax chindwinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,chindwinica,,,,,"Vishwanath & Linthoingambi, 2007","Glyptothorax chindwinica was described from the Iril River (a tributary of the Chindwin River) in Manipur, India (Vishwanath and Linthoingambi 2007)." 168552,Exostoma vinciguerrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Exostoma,vinciguerrae,,,,,"Regan, 1905",Exostoma vinciguerrae was described from the Irrawaddy River drainage in northern Myanmar. The taxonomic status of this species is unclear and it has been treated either as a valid species or as a synonym of E. labiatum (see Ferraris 2007). 168553,Conta pectinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Conta,pectinata,,,,,"Ng, 2005",
 168554,Pseudecheneis ukhrulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,ukhrulensis,,,,,"Vishwanath & Darshan, 2007",Pseudecheneis ukhrulensis was described from the Chindwin River drainage in India (Vishwanath and Darshan 2007). 168555,Nangra assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Nangra,assamensis,,,,,"Sen & Biswas, 1994",
 168556,Chagunius nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Chagunius,nicholsi,,,,,"(Myers, 1924)","Myers (1924) described Barbus nicholsi from Chindwin River, Myanmar.  Rainboth (1986) treated the species under genus Chagunius.
" 168557,Psilorhynchus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,microphthalmus,,,,,"Vishwanath & Manojkumar, 1995","Vishwanath and Manojkumar (1995) described Psilorhynchus microphthalmus from Chakpi Stream, Manipur, India.  Jayaram (1999), Vishwanath et al. (2007), Conway and Kottelat (2007), Arunachalam and Muralidharan (2008), Conway and Mayden (2008a,b) recognised it as valid species." 168558,Psilorhynchus amplicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,amplicephalus,,,,,"Arunachalam, Muralidharan & Sivakumar, 2007","Arunachalam, Muralidharan and Sivakumar (2007) described Psilorhynchus amplicaphalus from Assam, India. Arunachalam and Muralidharan (2008) considered it as valid species." 168559,Glaridoglanis andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glaridoglanis,andersonii,,,,,"(Day, 1870)",Glaridoglanis andersonii was described from Hotham and Ponsee in China by Day (1870) as Exostoma andersonii. 168560,Schistura paucifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,paucifasciata,,,,,"(Hora, 1929)","Hora (1929) described Nemachilus paucifasciatus from Hwe-gna-sang River, Pazi Township, Monglong subdivision of Hsipaw State, northern Shan States, Myanmar. The species is treated under genus Schistura (Kottelat 1990)." 168562,Mastacembelus pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,pantherinus,,,,,"Britz, 2007","Britz (2007) described Mastacembelus pantherinus from Indawgyi lake, Kachin state, Myanmar.
" 168563,Rasbora ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,ornata,,,,,"Vishwanath & Laisram, 2005", 168564,Schizothorax nepalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,nepalensis,,,,,"Terashima, 1984", 168565,Danio jaintianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,jaintianensis,,,,,"(Sen, 2007)","The species was described as Brachydanio jaintianensis by Sen (2007).  As Brachydanio is now junior synonym of Danio (Fang 2003), it is now valid as Danio jaintianensis. " 168566,Osteobrama feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteobrama,feae,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1890","
" 168567,Channa bleheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,bleheri,,,,,"Vierke, 1991",Channa bleheri was described by Vierke (1991). 168568,Erethistoides infuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistoides,infuscatus,,,,,"Ng, 2006",
 168569,Pachypterus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Pachypterus,acutirostris,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","Neotropius acutirostris was described from specimens collected throughout Myanmar (Day 1870). There is some evidence that more than one species of Neotropius is present in the Irrawaddy River drainage, since there appears to be two forms - one with a distinctly overhanging snout and one without (D. Neely, pers. comm. to H.H. Ng). This awaits further investigation." 168570,Physoschistura shanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Physoschistura,shanensis,,,,,"(Hora, 1929)","Hora (1929) described Nemachilus shanensis from Thale-ú Stream near Fort Stedman (eastern shore of Inlé Lake), southern Shan States, Myanmar. Kottelat (1990) considered the species under Physoschistura." 168571,Schizothorax integrilabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,integrilabiatus,,,,,"(Wu et al., 1992)","Schizothorax integrilabiatus was described from Xigong Lake, an endorheic mountain lake in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River (Brahmaputra in India) drainage (Wu et al. in Wu and Wu 1992)." 168572,Pseudolaguvia ferula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,ferula,,,,,"Ng, 2006",Pseudolaguvia ferula was described from the Tista River (a tributary of the Brahmaputra River) in India by Ng (2006). 168573,Danio kyathit,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,kyathit,,,,,"Fang, 1998","Fang (1998) described the species from near Myitkyina, Myanmar.
" 168574,Glyptosternon maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptosternon,maculatum,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 168575,Oreoglanis macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Oreoglanis,macropterus,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)",
 168576,Sisor rheophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Sisor,rheophilus,,,,,"Ng, 2003",
 168577,Devario naganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,naganensis,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1912)","

Chaudhuri (1912) described Danio naganensis from Manipur. Fang (2001) treated it under genus Devario.

" 168578,Pangio lumbriciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,lumbriciformis,,,,,"Britz & Maclaine, 2007",Pangio lumbriciformis was described form Irrawaddy basin in the Nan Kwe stream by Britz and Maclaine 2007. 168579,Mystus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,rufescens,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1890)","Mystus rufescens was described from the Mitan Chaung, a stream forming part of the Salween River drainage in southern Myanmar (Vinciguerra 1890)." 168580,Trichogaster labiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichogaster,labiosa,,,,,"Day, 1877","Day (1877) described Trichogaster labiosus from Myanmar. The species is often confused with T. fasciatus, and its reported widespread occurrence in India." 168581,Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Scaphiodonichthys,burmanicus,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1890","Scaphiodonichthys burmanicus was described from Mepalan in southern Myanmar (Vinciguerra 1890). It has been considered to be conspecific with S. acanthopterus, a species from the Mekong River drainage (Howes 1982), but is now generally acknowledged to be distinct from it (Banarescu and Herzig-Straschil 1995; Kottelat 1998)." 168582,Mystus cineraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,cineraceus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2009",Mystus cineraceus was described from the middle Irrawaddy River drainage (Ng and Kottelat 2009). 168584,Gagata sexualis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gagata,sexualis,,,,,"Tilak, 1970","Gagata sexualis was described from the North Koel River (Tilak 1970).  Gagata yousoufi, sometimes considered a distinct species, is a junior synonym ." 168585,Creteuchiloglanis macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Creteuchiloglanis,macropterus,,,,,"(Ng, 2004)","Creteuchiloglanis macropterus was described from the Nujiang (Upper Salween) drainage in Yunnan, China (Ng 2004).  This species was previously misidentified as C. kamengensis, which is restricted to the Brahmaputra River drainage (it is still frequently referred to as the latter species in recent Chinese literature)." 168587,Mystus falcarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,falcarius,,,,,"Chakrabarty & Ng, 2005",Mystus falcarius was described from the Irrawaddy River drainage (Chakrabarty and Ng 2005).  This species was previously identified as the population of M. cavasius from Myanmar. 168588,Danio choprai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,choprai,,,,,"Hora, 1928","

Hora (1928) described the species as Brachydanio choprae, however Das (2003) amended the name to choprai as the species was named for a Dr D.N. Choprai. The genus Brachydanio has been considered junior synonym of Danio (Fang 2003), hence the species is now valid as Danio choprai.

" 168589,Schizothorax molesworthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,molesworthi,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1913)","Schizothorax molesworthi was described from the Abor Hills in Arunachal Pradesh (Chaudhuri 1913).  It has been variously considered a synonym of S. plagiostomus (see Malik, 1966) and S. richardsonii (e.g. Talwar and Jhingran 1991) in the past, but is now considered a valid species. This species has been reported to have a wide distribution in the Ganges, Irrawaddy and Brahmaputra river drainages with considerable variation in morphology and colour (e.g. Chen and Huang in Chen 1998), but these records are likely to refer to more than one species." 168590,Sperata acicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Sperata,acicularis,,,,,"Ferraris & Runge, 1999",Sperata acicularis was described from the vicinity of Yangon (Ferraris and Runge 1999). 168591,Botia striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,striata,,,,,"Narayan Rao, 1920","Botia striata was described by Rao (1920) from Tunga River at Shimoga, Karnataka, India." 168592,Neonoemacheilus morehensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Neonoemacheilus,morehensis,,,,,"Arunkumar, 2000","Arunkumar (2000) described Neonoemacheilus morehensis from Lokchao River, Manipur (Chindwin basin)" 168593,Psilorhynchus nepalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,nepalensis,,,,,"Conway & Mayden, 2008","Conway and Mayden (2008) described Psilorhynchus nepalensis from Nepal in 2008." 168595,Schizothorax malacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,malacanthus,,,,,"Huang, 1985","Schizothorax malacanthus was described from the upper Irrawaddy River drainage in China (Huang 1985), originally as a subspecies of S. oligolepis." 168596,Schistura nagaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,nagaensis,,,,,"(Menon, 1987)","Menon (1987) described Noemacheilus nagaensis from Phodung River, tributary of Tizu River, Brahmaputra basin, Nagaland, India. Vishwanath and Laishram (2001) considered the species under genus Schistura." 168597,Pseudolaguvia foveolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,foveolata,,,,,"Ng, 2005",Pseudolaguvia foveolata was described from the Tista River (a tributary of the Brahmaputra River) in India (Ng 2005). 168598,Triplophysa stenura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,stenura,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1888)",This species was described by Herzenstein (1888) from Kukushili and Kji-tschu in Tibet. 168599,Glyptothorax botius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,botius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Glyptothorax botius was described from Patgaon in Assam, India (Hamilton 1822), but given the taxonomic confusion surrounding this species and the fact that no type material of this species is extant, a neotype from the Hooghly River at Kalna, West Bengal, India was designated by Ng (2005). This species was previously considered a synonym of G. telchitta (e.g. Menon 1999), but Ng (2005) demonstrated the distinctiveness of the two species and revalidated G. botius. Previous records of G. telchitta in the literature may refer to both G. telchitta and this species." 168600,Channa aurantimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,aurantimaculata,,,,,"Musikasinthorn, 2000","Channa aurantimaculata (Orange-spotted Snakehead) is a recently described species (Musikasinthorn 2000)." 168602,Osteobrama cunma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteobrama,cunma,,,,,"(Day, 1888)","Day (1888) described Rohtee cunma from Myanmar. Vishwanath and Shantakumar (2007) treated it under the genus Osteobrama. " 168603,Schistura khugae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,khugae,,,,,"Vishwanath & Shanta, 2004","Vishwanath and Shanta (2004a) described Schistura macrocephalus from the Khuga River, Churachandpur District, Manipur, India. Since it has been found to be junior homonym of Kottelat's species from Laos, it has been replaced by S. khugae (Vishwanath and Shanta 2004b)." 16898,Phasmodes jeeba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Phasmodes,jeeba,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 16906,Pheidole acutidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,acutidens,,,,,"(Santschi, 1922)", 16908,Pheidole symbiotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,symbiotica,,,,,"Wasmann, 1909", 16902,Pheidole lanuginosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,lanuginosa,,,,,"Wilson, 1984", 16909,Pheidole argentina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,argentina,,,,,"(Brunch, 1932)", 169092,Lyriothemis cleis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,cleis,,,,,"Brauer, 1868", 169094,Chlorogomphus mortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,mortoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1936", 169096,Gynacantha bainbriggei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,bainbriggei,,,,,"Fraser, 1922 ", 169097,Coeliccia dorothea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,dorothea,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 16903,Pheidole microgyna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,microgyna,,,,,"Wheeler, 1928", 169099,Coeliccia fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,fraseri,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1932 ","
" 16910,Pheidole elecebra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,elecebra,,,,,"(Wheeler, 1904)", 169100,Somatochlora daviesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,daviesi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1977","
" 169101,Protosticta fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,fraseri,,,,,"Kennedy, 1936 ", 169102,Macromia cupricincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,cupricincta,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 169103,Anax indicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,indicus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 169104,Coeliccia rossi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,rossi,,,,,"Asahina, 1985", 169106,Rhipidolestes malaisei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,malaisei,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948","

Only the male of Rhipidolestes malaisei has been collected.

" 16904,Pheidole parasitica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,parasitica,,,,,"Wilson, 1984", 169109,Disparoneura quadrimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Disparoneura,quadrimaculata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842) ","" 169110,Onychogomphus maclachlani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,maclachlani,,,,,"Selys, 1894","

The male of Onychogomphus maclachlani is not known.

" 169111,Rhyothemis obsolescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,obsolescens,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 169112,Macromia cingulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,cingulata,,,,,"Rambur, 1842","Macromia cingulata is similar to M. bellicosa, however absence of yellow markings behind eyes and shape of genitalia distinguishes these species." 169115,Megalogomphus bicornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,bicornutus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)","

Megalogomphus bicornutus is known only from a single female collected prior to 1922.

" 169116,Hylaeothemis gardeneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hylaeothemis,gardeneri,,,,,"Fraser, 1927 ","The genus Hylaeothemis has four species, of this 3 are found within Indian subcontinent and the fourth one in widely distributed in southeast Asia. Some authors (Mitra, 2002 and Lahiri, 1985) have probably considered H. gardeneri erroneously as H. frushtorferi apicalis." 169118,Idionyx intricata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,intricata,,,,,"Fraser, 1926 ","
" 16905,Pheidole neokohli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,neokohli,,,,,"Wilson, 1984", 169119,Ophiogomphus cerastis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,cerastis,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 169120,Gynacantha incisura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,incisura,,,,,"Fraser, 1935", 169121,Davidioides martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidioides,martini,,,,,"Fraser, 1924 ","Male: Abdomen 38mm. Hindwing 33mm. Labium dirty yellow, labrum black, with a large yellow basal spot on each side. Eyes emerald green above. Thorax black, with  yellow interrupted collar anteriorly and two oblique yellow spots below the collar. A narrow yellow line laterally and under side is yellow. Legs black, femora yellow on inner side. Wings hyaline, pterostigma blackish-brown, covering 3-4 cells. Abdomen black marked with yellow. Anal appendages bright yellow, narrowly black at base. Female: Unknown." 169122,Chlorogomphus schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,schmidti,,,,,"Asahina, 1986","The male of Chlorogomphus schmidti is not known." 169123,Rhyothemis triangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,triangularis,,,,,"Kirby, 1889",


 

169125,Platygomphus feae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Platygomphus,feae,,,,,"Selys, 1891","

The female of Platygomphus feae is not known.

" 169127,Gynacantha rotundata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,rotundata,,,,,"Navas, 1930 ","Gynacantha rotundata was described from, and is only known from, a female specimen; most Odonata described by Navás have proved to be synonyms." 169128,Watanabeopetalia atkinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Watanabeopetalia,atkinsoni,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 169129,Sympetrum commixtum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,commixtum,,,,,"(Selys, 1884)","Asahina (1984) noted that this species may well be a form of the widespread S. striolatum." 169130,Cephalaeschna viridifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,viridifrons,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922) ","
" 169131,Paragomphus frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,frontalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)",No male Paragomphus frontalis specimens have been collected. 169132,Nihonogomphus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1927)", 16907,Pheidole inquilina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,inquilina,,,,,"(Wheeler, 1903)", 169134,Indolestes gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,gracilis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1862)","

Indolestes peregrinus (Ris, 1916), known from Japan, Korea and China, was described as a subspecies of I. gracilis, and is still treated as such by some authorities, but is considered to be a separate species for the purposes of this assessment. Indolestes gracilis is known only from Sri Lanka (and from some records in southern India; Kerala and Tamil Nadu; D. Allen pers.); Indolestes gracilis birmanus (Selys, 1891) was described from Myanmar as a distinct species, and is also known from parts of India; it may be distinct from gracilis.

" 169140,Calicnemia doonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,doonensis,,,,,"Sangal & Tyagi, 1984","A subspecies C. d. carminea is known from Nepal." 169141,Onychogomphus annularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,annularis,,,,,"Selys, 1894","

Williamson (1907) mentions a ""female collected by Earnshaw"", but Fraser (1934), in full knowledge of Williamson's work, stated that the female is unknown. In this assessment we follow Fraser in considering that the female of this species is not known. Fraser also noted that O. annularis may merely be a form of O. saundersi Selys, 1854.

" 169142,Onychogomphus maculivertex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,maculivertex,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)","

The male of this species is not known.

" 169145,Anisogomphus caudalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,caudalis,,,,,"Fraser, 1926 ", 169146,Microgomphus loogali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,loogali,,,,,"Fraser, 1923", 169147,Ceriagrion praetermissum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,praetermissum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1929", 169149,Idionyx imbricata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,imbricata,,,,,"Fraser, 1926 ","This species appears to be rather similar to I. yolanda, and might possibly prove to be a junior synonym of that species." 169150,Aciagrion azureum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,azureum,,,,,"Fraser, 1922 ","
" 169151,Ceriagrion nigroflavum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,nigroflavum,,,,,"Fraser, 1933","

The female of Ceriagrion nigroflavum is unknown.

" 169152,Gomphidia leonorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,leonorae,,,,,"Mitra, 1994",The male of this species is unknown. It is likely to be a junior synonym of some other Gomphidia species. 169153,Sympetrum himalayanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,himalayanum,,,,,"Navas, 1934",Most Odonata described by Navás have proved to be synonyms when subjected to expert scrutiny; there is no reason to believe that this species is an exception. 169158,Macromia aculeata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,aculeata,,,,,"Fraser, 1927","

Macromia aculeata is only known from the male holotype.

" 169159,Davidius kumaonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,kumaonensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1926 ",The male of this species is not known. 169162,Davidius baronii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,baronii,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1976", 169164,Burmagomphus v-flavum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,v-flavum,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","

Only the female of this species is known, and is said to be “not quite typical of” Burmagomphus (Fraser 1926).

" 169166,Himalagrion pithoragarhicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Himalagrion,pithoragarhicus,,,,,"Sahni, 1964 ","The status of this species is extremely dubious, the authority who described it created numerous synonyms, often misidentifying common species as new taxa not even placed in the correct family. It is most likely to be a synonym of H. exclamationis.
" 169169,Coeliccia loringae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,loringae,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1932","

Coeliccia loringae is often considered to be a synonym or a subspecies of C. didyma (e.g. Asahina 1985). Its true status will not be resolved without a revision of the regional representatives of the genus, a task that is severely hindered by a lack of material and legal barriers to the collection of fresh material. If C. loringae is in fact a species distinct from C. didyma, then there are likely to be additional specimens in collections misidentified as C. didyma.

" 169170,Lestes malaisei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,malaisei,,,,,"Schmidt, 1964", 169172,Gynacantha apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,apicalis,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","The male of Gynacantha apicalis is not known." 169174,Anotogaster gigantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,gigantica,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 169175,Neallogaster schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Neallogaster,schmidti,,,,,"Asahina, 1982", 169176,Macromia sombui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,sombui,,,,,"Vick, 1988",The female of Macromia sombui is not known. 169178,Sympetrum haematoneura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,haematoneura,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 169179,Macrogomphus robustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,robustus,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)","

The female of Macrogomphus robustus is not known. Macrogomphus seductus Fraser, 1926, the type series of which was treated by Laidlaw (1922) as M. robustus, is extremely similar to M. robustus, and might be a junior synonym.

" 169180,Heliogomphus spirillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,spirillus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922) ", 169181,Epophthalmia frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Epophthalmia,frontalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 169182,Leptogomphus inclitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,inclitus,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)","

The male of Leptogomphus inclitus is unknown. Of four female specimens known, only one from Moolai in Myanmar can be considered to certainly belong to this species (see under Geographic Range).

" 169183,Chlorogomphus speciosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,speciosus,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)","

Chlorogomphus speciosus is only known from the female holotype.

" 169184,Cordulegaster annandalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,annandalei,,,,,"(Fraser, 1923)",Pelt (1996) feared that the holotype is already lost due to poor preservation. 169185,Microgomphus svihleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,svihleri,,,,,"(Asahina, 1970)","


" 169186,Lamelligomphus risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,risi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922) ", 169188,Onychogomphus meghalayanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,meghalayanus,,,,,"Lahiri, 1987 ","Onychogomphus meghalayanus is known from a single female collected in 1973 (Lahiri 1987). As many Onychogomphus species are poorly known, until the male of this species becomes known, doubts must remain over the validity of this species." 169189,Gynacantha burmana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,burmana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1960","


" 169190,Paragomphus risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,risi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)",The female of Paragomphus risi is unknown. 169196,Sapho infumosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Sapho,infumosa,,,,,"(Fraser, 1951)","Taxonomic limits of Umma and Sapho must be reassessed, but this species belongs to the genus Sapho (Dijkstra, unpubl.). Status relative to S. fumosa unclear, but most likely is synonym of S. fumosa and currently regarded as such. Not conspecific according to Legrand (2003)." 169209,Pseudagrion cyathiforme,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,cyathiforme,,,,,"Pinhey, 1973","This species appears not to belong in Pseudagrion. Carfi and D'Andrea (1994) suggested to place it in Aciagrion by describing the synonym A. walteri, but this is probably not right either (Dijkstra unpubl.)" 169210,Pseudagrion malagasoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,malagasoides,,,,,"Pinhey, 1973","This species appears not to belong in Pseudagrion. Gambles (unpubl.) suggested to place it in Teinobasis, but this is probably not right either (Dijkstra unpubl.)" 169211,Pseudagrion mascagnii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,mascagnii,,,,,"Terzani & Marconi, 2004", 169212,Pseudagrion risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,risi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936", 169213,Phyllomacromia amicorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,amicorum,,,,,"(Gambles, 1979)", 169214,Phyllomacromia funicularioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,funicularioides,,,,,"(Legrand, 1983)", 169215,Phyllomacromia girardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,girardi,,,,,"(Legrand, 1991)","Similar to P. schoutedeni of central Africa, further comparisons required." 169217,Phyllomacromia legrandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,legrandi,,,,,"(Gauthier, 1987)",The only known specimens deserve study: perhaps pertain to P. funicularioides or P. melania. 169218,Phyllomacromia nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,nigeriensis,,,,,"(Gambles, 1971)", 169220,Phyllomacromia sophia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,sophia,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)","Previously confused with central and east African species P. aureozona, P. caneri and P. insignis." 169221,Diastatomma gamblesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diastatomma,gamblesi,,,,,"Legrand, 1992","All earlier records of other Diastatomma species in western Africa probably pertain to this species, although poorly preserved specimens of possibly other species have been seen from Sierra Leone and Togo (Dijkstra unpubl.)." 169223,Diastatomma selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diastatomma,selysi,,,,,"Schouteden, 1934", 169224,Diastatomma tricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diastatomma,tricolor,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)", 169225,Lestinogomphus africanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,africanus,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","Known only from holotype, which is so damaged that its identity cannot be properly established." 169226,Lestinogomphus matilei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,matilei,,,,,"Legrand, 2001", 169227,Lestinogomphus minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,minutus,,,,,"Gambles, 1968",Only known from females. Taxonomic identity therefore remains unclear. 169228,Microgomphus jannyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,jannyae,,,,,"Legrand, 1992", 169229,Neurogomphus carlcooki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,carlcooki,,,,,"Cammaerts, 2004", 169233,Phyllogomphus aethiops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,aethiops,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 169234,Phyllogomphus bartolozzii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,bartolozzii,,,,,"Marconi, Terzani & Carletti, 2001", 169235,Phyllogomphus helenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,helenae,,,,,"Lacroix, 1921","Only known from the female holotype, may be the female of another species." 169236,Phyllogomphus moundi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,moundi,,,,,"Fraser, 1960",P. bartolozzii and P. helenae are possible synonyms of P. moundi.. 169237,Phyllogomphus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,occidentalis,,,,,"Fraser, 1957", 169238,Phyllogomphus pseudoccidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,pseudoccidentalis,,,,,"Lindley, 1972", 169239,Tragogomphus aurivillii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Tragogomphus,aurivillii,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1899","The status of the species is uncertain, and is based on unseen records." 169243,Trithemis africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,africana,,,,,"(Brauer, 1867)","Records from east of the Dahomey Gap (Nigeria, etc.) are treated as T. tropicana." 169245,Zygonychidium gracile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonychidium,gracile,,,,,"Lindley, 1970","This species is unique in the world by the extreme length of the male cerci, almost 30% of the abdomen length and 5 to 6 times as long as epiproct." 169246,Zygonyx chrysobaphes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,chrysobaphes,,,,,"(Ris, 1915)", 169247,Zygonyx geminunca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,geminunca,,,,,"Legrand, 1997", 169251,Mesocnemis dupuyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Mesocnemis,dupuyi,,,,,"Legrand, 1982", 169252,Mesocnemis tisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Mesocnemis,tisi,,,,,"Lempert, 1992", 169253,Copera guttifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,guttifera,,,,,"(Fraser, 1950)", 169256,Allocnemis contraria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,contraria,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)", 169257,Allocnemis elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,elongata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1863)", 169258,Allocnemis flavipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,flavipennis,,,,,"(Selys, 1863)","All listed names treated as synonyms by Carfi & D'Andrea (1994). Legrand (2003) raised Chlorocnemis rossii to species level, but the basis is suspect." 169260,Elattoneura dorsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,dorsalis,,,,,"Kimmins, 1938", 169261,Elattoneura girardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,girardi,,,,,"Legrand, 1980", 169262,Elattoneura pluotae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,pluotae,,,,,"Legrand, 1982", 169263,Elattoneura villiersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,villiersi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1948)", 169265,Neurolestes trinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Neurolestes,trinervis,,,,,"Selys, 1885", 169266,Gynacantha constricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,constricta,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 169267,Heliaeschna simplicia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,simplicia,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 169268,Oligoaeschna poeciloptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,poeciloptera,,,,,"(Karsch, 1889)", 169269,Tetracanthagyna bakeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Tetracanthagyna,bakeri,,,,,"Campion, 1928", 169270,Euphaea amphicyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,amphicyana,,,,,"Ris, 1930", 169271,Neurobasis anumariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,anumariae,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1989", 169273,Cyrano unicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Cyrano,unicolor,,,,,"(Hagen, 1869)", 169274,Rhinocypha dorsosanguinea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,dorsosanguinea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1961", 169276,Pseudagrion azureum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,azureum,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 169277,Teinobasis filamentum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,filamentum,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 169278,Teinobasis samaritis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,samaritis,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 169279,Hemicordulia apoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,apoensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1980", 169281,Heteronaias heterodoxa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Heteronaias,heterodoxa,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 169282,Idionyx philippa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,philippa,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 169283,Macromidia samal,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,samal,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1937", 169284,Heliogomphus bakeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,bakeri,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1925", 169285,Ictinogomphus tenax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,tenax,,,,,"(Hagen, 1854)", 169286,Onychogomphus treadawayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,treadawayi,,,,,"Müller & Hämäläinen, 1993", 169287,Diplacina braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,braueri,,,,,"Selys, 1882", 169288,Diplacina lisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,lisa,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1941", 169289,Diplacina nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,nana,,,,,"Brauer, 1868", 169293,Coeliccia exoleta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,exoleta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1961", 169294,Igneocnemis antoniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,antoniae,,,,,"(Gassman & Hämäläinen, 2002)", 169295,Risiocnemis asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,asahinai,,,,,"Kitagawa, 1990", 169296,Igneocnemis atripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,atripes,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1941)", 169297,Igneocnemis atropurpurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,atropurpurea,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 169298,Risiocnemis pulchra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,pulchra,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 169300,Drepanosticta centrosaurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,centrosaurus,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 169301,Drepanosticta ceratophora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,ceratophora,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1974", 169302,Drepanosticta krios,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,krios,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 169303,Drepanosticta luzonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,luzonica,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 169304,Protosticta plicata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,plicata,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 169306,Sulcosticta striata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Sulcosticta,striata,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 169356,Ambassis marianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,marianus,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 169357,Potamosilurus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Potamosilurus,latirostris,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)", 169375,Sicydium gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,gilberti,,,,,"Watson, 2000",

S. gilberti is a synonym of the valid species Sicydium adelum. Western Atlantic species of this genus are in need of revision (E. Murdy pers. comm. 2009 and F. Pezold 2010 pers. comm.).

 

169376,Poeciliopsis elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,elongata,,,,,(Günther 1866), 169392,Atherinella jiloaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,jiloaensis,,,,,"(Bussing, 1979)", 169393,Amphilophus margaritifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,margaritifer,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 169403,Distichodus fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,fasciolatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 169404,Aphyosemion ahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,ahli,,,,,"Myers, 1933","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 169405,Fundulopanchax avichang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,avichang,,,,,"Malumbres & Castelo, 2001",Subgenus (Paludopanchax) 169406,Parakneria lufirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,lufirae,,,,,"Poll, 1965", 169409,Mastacembelus traversi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,traversi,,,,,"(Vreven & Teugels, 1997)", 169410,Chrysichthys mabusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,mabusi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 169411,Aphyosemion citrineipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,citrineipinnis,,,,,"Huber & Radda, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 169412,Euchilichthys dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Euchilichthys,dybowskii,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1892)", 169413,Kneria paucisquamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,paucisquamata,,,,,"Poll & Stewart, 1975", 169415,Aphyosemion georgiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,georgiae,,,,,"Lambert & Géry, 1968","Subgenus (Diapteron)." 169417,Labeobarbus surkis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,surkis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 169418,Neolamprologus devosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,devosi,,,,,"Schelly, Stiassny & Seegers, 2003", 169419,Myomyrus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Myomyrus,macrops,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 169421,Nannocharax brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,brevis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 169422,Petrocephalus squalostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,squalostoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 169425,Stomatorhinus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,walkeri,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 169427,Labeobarbus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,robertsi,,,,,"(Banister, 1984)", 169429,Trachyglanis intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Trachyglanis,intermedius,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1928", 169431,Schilbe nyongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,nyongensis,,,,,"(De Vos, 1981)", 169432,Nannocharax ogoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,ogoensis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1911",Possibly a synonym of N. parvus 169433,Grasseichthys gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Grasseichthys,gabonensis,,,,,"Géry, 1964","The Congolese specimens belong to a new species of Grasseichthys (Stiassny et al., 2007, Schelly and Britz, in prep.). G.gabonensis is restricted to the Ogowe/Ivindo basin." 169434,Amphilius opisthophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,opisthophthalmus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1919", 169437,Labeo luluae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,luluae,,,,,"Fowler, 1930",There is very little information available about Labeo luluae. 169439,Epiplatys esekanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,esekanus,,,,,"Scheel, 1968","Subgenus (Epiplatys)." 169440,Aphyosemion alpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,alpha,,,,,"Huber, 1998","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion)." 169441,Alestopetersius hilgendorfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,hilgendorfi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 169443,Parananochromis caudifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parananochromis,caudifasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 169444,Stomatorhinus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,polli,,,,,"Matthes, 1964", 169446,Petrocephalus gliroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,gliroides,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1897)", 169448,Benitochromis batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benitochromis,batesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 169449,Aphyosemion louessense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,louessense,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1931)","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 169450,Labeobarbus macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,macrolepidotus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 169451,Nannocharax hollyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,hollyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1936", 169452,Dolichamphilius brieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Dolichamphilius,brieni,,,,,"(Poll, 1959)", 169453,Aphyosemion christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,christyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 169454,Synodontis multimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,multimaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 169455,Synodontis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,unicolor,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915", 169456,Labeo dhonti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,dhonti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 169457,Citharinus congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharinus,congicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897",Taxonomic status of the Tanzania population uncertain. 169459,Labeobarbus macrophtalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,macrophtalmus,,,,,"(Bini, 1940)", 169461,Steatocranus rouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,rouxi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 169462,Phago intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Phago,intermedius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 169464,Haplochromis crocopeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,crocopeplus,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 169465,Sanagia velifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sanagia,velifera,,,,,"Holly, 1926", 169466,Haplochromis harpakteridion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,harpakteridion,,,,,"van Oijen, 1991", 169467,Chiloglanis reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,reticulatus,,,,,"Roberts, 1989",The records of the Lower Congo need to be reviewed as they are possibly misidentifications. 169468,Fundulopanchax mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,mirabilis,,,,,"(Radda, 1970)","Subgenus (Paraphyosemion) : Berkenkamp (2003), describing the results of hybridization tests with the other species of the Fundulopanchax mirabilis-group, (Fundulopanchax intermittens, Fundulopanchax gresensi, Fundulopanchax moensis and Fundulopanchax traudeae), indicates that all crosses resulted in a viable F3 generations. These results suggest that, following a biological species concept, these taxa may be considered conspecific." 169469,Haplochromis pitmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pitmani,,,,,"Fowler, 1936", 16947,Phelsuma standingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,standingi,,,,,"Methuen & Hewitt, 1913", 169470,Labeo simpsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,simpsoni,,,,,"Ricardo-Bertram, 1943", 169471,Aphyosemion celiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,celiae,,,,,"Scheel, 1971", 169474,Belonophago hutsebouti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Belonophago,hutsebouti,,,,,"Giltay, 1929", 169475,Tylochromis mylodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,mylodon,,,,,"Regan, 1920", 169476,Chiloglanis microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,microps,,,,,"Matthes, 1965", 169477,Nannocharax gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,gracilis,,,,,"Poll, 1939", 169496,Pseudapocryptes elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudapocryptes,elongatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 169497,Serpenticobitis cingulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SERPENTICOBITIDAE,Serpenticobitis,cingulata,,,,,"Roberts, 1997", 169498,Rhinogobius chiengmaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,chiengmaiensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 169503,Syncrossus beauforti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Syncrossus,beauforti,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 169508,Osphronemus exodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Osphronemus,exodon,,,,,"Roberts, 1994", 169510,Garra gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,gracilis,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)", 169518,Yunnanilus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 169521,Oxygaster pointoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Oxygaster,pointoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 169523,Pseudomugil pellucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,pellucidus,,,,,"Allen & Ivantsoff, 1998", 169524,Epalzeorhynchos munense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Epalzeorhynchos,munense,,,,,"(Smith, 1934)", 169527,Pisodonophis hypselopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pisodonophis,hypselopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 169530,Hemibagrus hongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,hongus,,,,,"Mai, 1978", 169535,Glyptothorax interspinalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,interspinalum,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)", 169544,Mystacoleucus lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,lepturus,,,,,"Huang, 1979", 169548,Mystus bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,bocourti,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1864)", 169549,Schistura tubulinaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,tubulinaris,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 169552,Pseudolaubuca hotaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Pseudolaubuca,hotaya,,,,,"Mai, 1978", 169558,Channa burmanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,burmanica,,,,,"Chaudhuri, 1919", 169561,Oryzias minutillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,minutillus,,,,,"Smith, 1945", 169565,Acheilognathus kyphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,kyphus,,,,,"(Mai, 1978)", 169566,Eugnathogobius microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eugnathogobius,microps,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 16958,Plutonia atlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Plutonia,atlantica,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","Plutonia atlantica was redescribed by Wiktor and Backeljau (1995)." 169588,Poropuntius opisthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,opisthopterus,,,,,"(Wu, 1977)", 169589,Salvelinus tolmachoffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,tolmachoffi,,,,,"Berg, 1926", 169590,Lophiogobius ocellicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lophiogobius,ocellicauda,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 169591,Leiocassis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,longirostris,,,,,"Günther, 1864","This is likely a species complex, and it may be that a true L. longirostris is only found in Japan or adjacent areas (F. Fang, pers. comm.)" 169593,Lepturichthys fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Lepturichthys,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1888)", 169594,Glyptothorax davissinghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,davissinghi,,,,,"Manimekalan & Das, 1998","Glyptothorax davissinghi was described by Manimekalan and Das (1998) from the Karimpuzha and Paanapuzha tributaries of River Chaliyar, Kerala, India. 


" 169595,Tridentiger kuroiwae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tridentiger,kuroiwae,,,,,"Jordan & Tanaka, 1927", 169596,Gnathopogon nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gnathopogon,nicholsi,,,,,"(Fang, 1943)", 169600,Vanmanenia homalocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Vanmanenia,homalocephala,,,,,"Zhang & Zhao, 2000", 169601,Triplophysa turpanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,turpanensis,,,,,"Wu & Wu, 1992", 169603,Barilius bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,bakeri,,,,,"Day, 1865","Barilius bakeri was described by Day (1865) from Mundakkayam, Kerala, India." 169604,Triplophysa kullmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,kullmanni,,,,,"Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges, 1975", 169605,Capoeta buhsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,buhsei,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 169606,Acanthobrama urmianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,urmianus,,,,,"(Günther, 1899)", 169608,Schizocypris altidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizocypris,altidorsalis,,,,,"Bianco & Bănărescu, 1982", 169611,Poropuntius burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,burtoni,,,,,"(Mukerji, 1933)", 169613,Schistura vinciguerrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,vinciguerrae,,,,,"(Hora, 1935)", 169614,Amblypharyngodon microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Amblypharyngodon,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 169615,Chaenogobius annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chaenogobius,annularis,,,,,"Gill, 1859", 169616,Triplophysa intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,intermedia,,,,,"(Kessler, 1876)", 169619,Schizothorax pelzami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,pelzami,,,,,"Kessler, 1870", 169621,Cyprinus qionghaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,qionghaiensis,,,,,"Liu, 1981", 169622,Schizothorax macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Terashima, 1984", 169624,Garra hughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,hughi,,,,,"Silas, 1955","Garra hughi was described by Silas (1955) from streams in the Lower Vauguvarrai Estate in the High Ranges of Travancore, Kerala, India." 169625,Oxynoemacheilus tongiorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,tongiorgii,,,,,"(Nalbant & Bianco, 1998)", 169626,Triplophysa xichangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,xichangensis,,,,,"Zhu & Cao, 1989", 169627,Labeo potail,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,potail,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Labeo potail was originally described as Cyprinus potail Sykes (1839) from Temburni on Bhima river, Maharashtra." 169628,Coregonus subautumnalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,subautumnalis,,,,,"Kaganowsky, 1932", 169629,Semiplotus manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semiplotus,manipurensis,,,,,"Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000", 169630,Anabarilius xundianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Anabarilius,xundianensis,,,,,"He, 1984", 169633,Labeo angra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,angra,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 169634,Monopterus fossorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,fossorius,,,,,"(Nayar, 1951)","Monopterus fossorius was described by Nayar (1951) from Karamana, Trivandrum." 169635,Leuciscus chuanchicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,chuanchicus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1876)", 169636,Bathygobius ostreicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,ostreicola,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1916)", 169637,Yunnanilus pachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,pachycephalus,,,,,"Kottelat & Chu, 1988", 169638,Leptobotia tchangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Leptobotia,tchangi,,,,,"Fang, 1936", 169639,Triplophysa obtusirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,obtusirostra,,,,,"Wu & Wu, 1988", 169640,Triplophysa dalaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,dalaica,,,,,"(Kessler, 1876)", 169641,Oreonectes furcocaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oreonectes,furcocaudalis,,,,,"Zhu & Cao, 1987", 169642,Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,kreyenbergii,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 169643,Gnathopogon tsinanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gnathopogon,tsinanensis,,,,,"(Mori, 1928)", 169644,Micropercops swinhonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Micropercops,swinhonis,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)",It is likely that this is a species complex. 169645,Triplophysa orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,orientalis,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1888)", 169647,Schistura polytaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,polytaenia,,,,,"(Zhu, 1982)",The Catalog of Fishes maintains this under the genus Nemacheilus. 169648,Tariqilabeo bicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tariqilabeo,bicornis,,,,,"(Wu, 1977)","Zhang and Kottelat (2006) created a new genus, Akrokolioplax for the reception of Epalzeorhynchos bicornis, based on differences in the position and structure of rostral lateral lobes on the snout." 169649,Pseudecheneis intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudecheneis,intermedia,,,,,"Chu, 1982", 169650,Pterocryptis berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,berdmorei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)", 169651,Salanx reevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Salanx,reevesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 169652,Schizothorax heterochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,heterochilus,,,,,"Ye & Fu, 1986", 169653,Neosalanx argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Neosalanx,argentea,,,,,"(Lin, 1932)", 169655,Homaloptera manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,manipurensis,,,,,"Arunkumar, 1998", 169656,Salvelinus boganidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,boganidae,,,,,"Berg, 1926",The population from the Anadyr drainage may represent a distinct species. 169657,Xenocypris hupeinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Xenocypris,hupeinensis,,,,,"(Yih, 1964)", 169658,Osteobrama vigorsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteobrama,vigorsii,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Osteobrama vigorsii was originally described as Rohtee vigorsii by Sykes (1839) from Bheema River at Pairgoan, Maharashtra, India." 169664,Homatula oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Homatula,oligolepis,,,,,"Cao & Zhu, 1989", 169665,Yunnanilus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,parvus,,,,,"Kottelat & Chu, 1988", 169666,Squalidus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Squalidus,intermedius,,,,,"(Nichols, 1929)", 169667,Triplophysa moquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,moquensis,,,,,"Ding, 1994", 169668,Onychostoma macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,macrolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1871)", 169669,Proeutropiichthys taakree,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Proeutropiichthys,taakree,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Proeutropiichthys taakree was originally described as Hypophthalmus taakree by Sykes (1839) from Bheema River at Pairgaon, Maharashtra, India." 169670,Nangra nangra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Nangra,nangra,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 169671,Schizothorax kumaonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,kumaonensis,,,,,"Menon, 1971", 169672,Nemacheilus petrubanarescui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,petrubanarescui,,,,,"Menon, 1984","Nemacheilus petrubanarescui was described by Menon (1984) from Nethravati River, Karnataka, India." 169676,Chaetodontoplus vanderloosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Chaetodontoplus,vanderloosi,,,,,"Allen & Steene, 2004", 169679,Centropyge abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,abei,,,,,"Allen, Young & Colin 2006","The placement of this species within the genus Centropyge is uncertain (R. Pyle pers. comm. 2009)." 169694,Haemodracon riebeckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Haemodracon,riebeckii,,,,,"(Peters, 1882)","The specimen collected from Samha Island was indicated by Joger (2000) to represent a new undescribed species (Haemodracon sp.). Recently collected specimens from Samha Island are apparently identical to the Socotran ones (Razzetti et al. 2011), and are treated here as belonging to H. riebeckii." 169695,Haemodracon trachyrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Haemodracon,trachyrhinus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)",This species was removed from Phyllodactylus and included in the new Socotran endemic genus Haemodracon by Bauer et al. (1997). According to Gamble et al. (2007) the genus Haemodracon belongs to the family Phyllodactylidae . 169717,Hakaria simonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hakaria,simonyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1899)", 169746,Parvoscincus decipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,decipiens,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 169747,Tropidophorus davaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,davaoensis,,,,,"Bacon, 1980", 169748,Luperosaurus corfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,corfieldi,,,,,"Gaulke, Rösler & Brown, 2007", 169749,Dryophiops philippina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dryophiops,philippina,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 169751,Pinoyscincus llanosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pinoyscincus,llanosi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1919)", 169752,Brachymeles boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,boulengeri,,,,,"Taylor, 1922", 169753,Insulasaurus arborens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Insulasaurus,arborens,,,,,"(Taylor, 1917)", 169754,Boiga philippina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,philippina,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Leviton et al. (2018) cite unpublished phylogenetic studies supporting the distinctiveness of this species from Boiga angulata, with which Leviton (1970) suggested it might be conspecific. Despite this, these authors state that confusion remains regarding ""the identity and distribution"" of this species although they do not elaborate on the basis for this." 169755,Parvoscincus leucospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,leucospilos,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)", 169756,Eutropis bontocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,bontocensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1923)",This species is sometimes placed within the genus Mabuya. 169757,Gekko romblon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,romblon,,,,,"Brown & Alcala, 1978", 169758,Lipinia zamboangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,zamboangensis,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1963)", 169759,Pinoyscincus coxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pinoyscincus,coxi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1915)","This species is often confused with certain populations of S. abdictus and S. jagori. Subpopulations are frequently assigned arbitrarily to one species or the other based on islands. This is likely either one species or a species complex (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). Linkem et al. (2011) found that Spenomorphus coxi divergens appeared to be closer to neighbouring populations S. abdictus aquilonius than S. c. coxi, but did not recommend taxonomic changes other than the erection of the new genus Pinoyscincus." 169761,Brachymeles gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,gracilis,,,,,"(Fischer, 1885)", 169762,Brachymeles bonitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,bonitae,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 169763,Naja samarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,samarensis,,,,,"Peters, 1861", 169764,Tropidophorus partelloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,partelloi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1910",Further studies are needed into the taxonomic relationship between this species and its Mindanao Island congeners (A. Diesmos and A. Demegillo pers. comm. 2007). 169765,Lycodon philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,philippinus,,,,,"(Griffin, 1909)","Leviton (1959) suggested that this species may be conspecific with Dryocalamus (now Lycodon) tristrigatus, to which it was described as being very similar in the original description. As of Leviton et al. (2018) this issue remains unresolved." 169766,Sibynophis bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Sibynophis,bivittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 169767,Varanus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,nuchalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 169768,Naja philippinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,philippinensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1922", 169769,Hologerrhum dermali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYCLOCORIDAE,Hologerrhum,dermali,,,,,"Brown, Leviton, Ferner & Sison, 2000", 169770,Tropidophorus grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,grayi,,,,,"Günther, 1861 ",Further taxonomic studies are needed to confirm that the Visayan subpopulations are the same species as the Luzon subpopulation (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). 169771,Ramphotyphlops cumingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,cumingii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",This is a species complex in need of additional taxonomic work (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007). 169772,Gekko palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,palawanensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1925", 169773,Cyrtodactylus agusanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,agusanensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1915)", 169774,Parvoscincus tagapayo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,tagapayo,,,,,"(Brown, McGuire, Ferner & Alcala, 1999)", 169775,Parvoscincus luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,luzonensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)","The original specimen is very poorly-preserved. The few subsequent literature references and collections rely on Taylor's redescription, and the assumption that specimens of Parvoscincus collected at the type locality at the start of the 21st Century correspond to the species descrined by Boulenger (R. Brown pers. comm. 2022)." 169776,Brachymeles bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,bicolor,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 169777,Cyclocorus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYCLOCORIDAE,Cyclocorus,lineatus,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)","Two subspecies have already been described for the Philippines, Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus (Luzon and Mindoro) and Cyclocorus lineatus alcalai (Negros, Cebu, Panay) (M. Gaulke pers. comm. 2008). These may represent distinct species (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007), but no taxonomic action has yet been taken (Leviton et al. 2018)." 169778,Gonocephalus semperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,semperi,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Further taxonomic studies are needed to more clearly determine the range of the three Gonocephalus species present in the Philippines (Gonocephalus interruptus; G. semperi; and G. sophiae). Animals with white spots on the flanks are often readily identified as G. semperi, however this is not a good diagnostic character and other Gonocephalus species (such as G. interruptus) can also exhibit white spots. The type description of Gonocephalus interruptus is based on a semiadult and a juvenile only (re-examined by M. Gaulke). these lizards show their characteristic scalation after reaching maturity. Therefore it is highly likely that Boulenger mistook young G. semperi for a new species (M. Gaulke pers. comm. 2008), a synonymy first suggested by Taylor (1922).
Welton et al. (2017) conducted the first molecular phylogeny of Philippine Gonocephalus, based on sampling across the whole archipelago. Their results suggested that ""as many as 12 Philippine lineages"" may warrant treatment as candidate species. The complexity of the taxonomy involved, and the fact that none of the three nominal species in the Philippines has a type locality more specific than ""Philippines"", made it impossible for these authors to assign these names to specific lineages within the Philippine radiation. This account follows the distribution listed for samples of G. semperi by Welton et al. (2017) with the caveat that the application of these names requires further research to clarify." 169780,Ramphotyphlops suluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,suluensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1918",Additional studies into the taxonomic status of this species are needed (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007). 169781,Opisthotropis alcalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,alcalai,,,,,"Brown & Leviton, 1961", 169782,Brachymeles elerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,elerae,,,,,"Taylor, 1917", 169783,Draco mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,mindanensis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1908", 169784,Oxyrhabdium leporinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYCLOCORIDAE,Oxyrhabdium,leporinum,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","The Visayan subspecies, Oxyrhabdium leporinum visayanum (present on the islands of Cebu, Negros and Panay), may warrant elevation to species level (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007)." 169786,Tropidophorus misaminius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,misaminius,,,,,"Stejneger, 1908",Additional studies into the taxonomic status of this species are needed. 169787,Calamaria bitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,bitorques,,,,,"Peters, 1872","This species is often confused with C. gervaisi. Gaulke and Vogel (2005) suggest that the record from Panay cannot safely be attributed to C. bitorques, it might actually represent an undescribed species; this record is however attributed to this species without comment by Leviton et al. (2018) and so is accepted here. Photographic records of Calamaria taken in Bohol (2000) and Ifugao (2007) (M. Sarmiento pers. comm. 2021) may represent a different species. 
Ongoing taxonomic research indicates that this species is nested within Calamaria gervaisi, and that the clade encompassing the type locality is likely to be widespread, with a range encompassing at least Luzon, Panay and Mindoro (R. Brown pers. comm. 2021)." 169788,Lycodon muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,muelleri,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","This species exhibits ""considerable intraspecific divergence"", with populations from the Bicol Peninsula in southeast Luzon and Catanduanes divergent from those in the island's centre (Siler et al. 2013). No taxonomic changes were proposed by these authors and the relationships of populations assigned to this species from other islands is unresolved. Dela Cruz and Maranan (2018) state that the species is endemic to Luzon Island, however C.J. dela Cruz (pers. comm. 2021) mentions that this was a mistake." 169789,Lycodon tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,tessellatus,,,,,"Jan, 1863","Leviton et al. (2018) formally synonymized L. tessellatus, a dubious species known only from the Manila holotype, within L. capucinus, following more than a century and a half of uncertainty about the validity of this name. These authors took this action ""with a degree of hesitancy"" and agreed with Ota (2000) that further material will be required to clarify whether it is a valid species." 169790,Pseudorabdion oxycephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,oxycephalum,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 169792,Boiga schultzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,schultzei,,,,,"Taylor, 1923","According to some experts this may not be a valid species, because only one fairly minor morphological characteristic distinguishes it from the widespread species Boiga drapiezii (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). More recently, Leviton et al. (2018) agree that it is likely future taxonomic research will reveal it to be a colour morph of B. drapiezii." 169794,Rhabdophis barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,barbouri,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)","There is some uncertainty regarding the validity of this species (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007), although Leviton et al. (2018) accept it as valid without comment despite describing it as ""long enigmatic""." 169795,Pseudorabdion montanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,montanum,,,,,"Leviton & Brown, 1959", 169796,Lipinia rabori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,rabori,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1956)", 169797,Pinoyscincus jagori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pinoyscincus,jagori,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)","This species is sometimes confused with populations of S. coxi and S. abdictus. Subpopulations are often assigned arbitrarily to one species or the other based on islands. This may be a species complex (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007), as suggested by molecular research (Linkem et al. 2010, 2011)." 169798,Oligodon maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,maculatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1918)", 169799,Acutotyphlops banaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Acutotyphlops,banaorum,,,,,"Wallach, Brown, Diesmos & Gee, 2007", 169801,Pseudorabdion mcnamarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,mcnamarae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1917)", 169802,Rhabdophis spilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,spilogaster,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 169803,Lycodon chrysoprateros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,chrysoprateros,,,,,"Ota & Ross, 1994","The validity of this species has been ""seriously questioned"" by recent systematic research (Leviton et al. 2018). This is based on the finding by Siler et al. (2013) that there is very little to no genetic divergence between this species and Lycodon alcalai, and Leviton et al. (2018) suggest that the two taxa may be conspecific." 169806,Dasia griffini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,griffini,,,,,"Taylor, 1915", 169807,Gekko mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,mindorensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1919","As presently understood this species is widespread in the Philippines, however it is subject to confusion with another widespread species Gekko monarchus, and subpopulations within the Philippines are assigned arbitrarily to one species or the other based on the island on which they are found (R. Brown and E. Rico pers. comm, 2007).

Brown et al. (2008) state that ""the majority of the Philippines' ... cryptic species diversity [in Gekko] undoubtedly masquerades under the widespread species Gekko mindorensis and Gekko monarchus"", a suggestion supported by molecular research (Siler et al. 2012).

Siler et al. (2014) investigated the relationship between this species complex Gekko mindorensis and the Taiwanese Gekko kikuchii, with which it was previously proposed G. mindoerensis may be synonymous. While cautioning that the complexity of the genetic patterns obtained in their coalescent analysis precluded Siler et al. (2014) from making extensive taxonomic changes to the G. mindorensis complex without further data, they were sufficiently confident in the relationship between Luzon and Lanyu clades, and of their distinctiveness from G. mindorensis from southern Luzon, to extend the range of G. kikuchii to northern and central Luzon. While they acknowledged that this action renders G. mindorensis paraphyletic pending further research, this latter is a known species complex and they argue that their arrangement better-reflects current knowledge, especially in the context of evaluating each taxon's conservation status." 169808,Draco reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,reticulatus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 169809,Rhabdophis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,lineatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)", 169811,Brachymeles cebuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,cebuensis,,,,,"Brown & Rabor, 1967", 169812,Gerrhopilus hedraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,hedraeus,,,,,"(Savage, 1950)", 169815,Boiga angulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,angulata,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)","Some authorities consider that populations in the Philippines are poorly differentiated from Boiga cynodon (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007), but other authorities do not recognize significant differentiation problems between B. cynodon and B. angulata (M. Gaulke pers. comm. 2008). Confusion may have arisen because a number of literature references to B. angulata are associated with images of B. cynodon (Leviton et al. 2018).
There are problems differentiating some Philippine B. angulata populations from Boiga drapiezii (Gaulke 2001), and Leviton et al. (2018) consider it likely that B. angulata will prove to be a colour morph of B. drapiezii.
Leviton et al. (2018) cite unpublished phylogenetic studies supporting the distinctiveness of Boiga philippina from B. angulata, with which Leviton (1970) suggested it might be conspecific. Despite this, these authors state that confusion remains regarding ""the identity and distribution"" of the B. philippina species although they do not elaborate on the basis for this." 169816,Insulasaurus victoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Insulasaurus,victoria,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1980)", 169817,Oligodon modestum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,modestum,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 169818,Brachymeles pathfinderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,pathfinderi,,,,,"Taylor, 1925", 169819,Sphenomorphus diwata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,diwata,,,,,"Brown & Rabor, 1967","Records from Mt. Hamiguitan were referred to as Sphenomorphus cf. diwata by Brown and Alcala (1980), and more recent specimens from this locality closely resemble but are not identical to known specimens of S. diwata (Delima et al. 2007). These latter authors recommended further research to determine whether this represents greater variation than previously recognized in S. diwata, or whether the Haniguitan population is a distinct species.
Subsequently Supsup et al. (2017) accepted the Delima et al. (2007) records as S. diwata without comment, and suggested that a record of Parvoscincus beyeri - a species endemic to Luzon - reported Mindanao by Relox et al. (2011) is likely to represent S. diwata.

The taxonomic relationships of this species remain unresolved, and although it was previously recovered as close to species now assigned to Parvoscincus Linkem et al. (2011) suggest that it is unlikely to be closely related to this genus." 169820,Gonocephalus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,interruptus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","Further taxonomic studies are needed to more clearly determine the range of the three Gonocephalus species present in the Philippines (Gonocephalus interruptus; G. semperi; and G. sophiae). Animals with white spots on the flanks are often readily identified as G. semperi, however this is not a good diagnostic character and other Gonocephalus species (such as G. interruptus) can also exhibit white spots. The type description of Gonocephalus interruptus is based on a semiadult and a juvenile only (re-examined by M. Gaulke). these lizards show their characteristic scalation after reaching maturity. Therefore it is highly likely that Boulenger mistook young G. semperi for a new species (M. Gaulke pers. comm. 2008), a synonymy first suggested by Taylor (1922).
Welton et al. (2017) conducted the first molecular phylogeny of Philippine Gonocephalus, based on sampling across the whole archipelago. Their results suggested that ""as many as 12 Philippine lineages"" may warrant treatment as candidate species. The complexity of the taxonomy involved, and the fact that none of the three nominal species in the Philippines has a type locality more specific than ""Philippines"", made it impossible for these authors to assign these names to specific lineages within the Philippine radiation. Pending further resolution of this issue this assessment follows the traditional three-species arrangement, and applies the name G. interruptus to a taxon from Mindanao, as stated without providing a source for this information by Taylor (1922)." 169821,Draco bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,bimaculatus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 169822,Sphenomorphus cumingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,cumingi,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",This is a possible species complex. 169823,Draco ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,ornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 169824,Malayotyphlops manilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,manilae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1919)","Additional studies into the taxonomic status of this species are needed (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007). The appropriate generic (and familial) assignment has been disputed, with Pyron and Wallach (2014) assigning it to Gerrhopilus and Hedges et al. (2014) placing it in Malayotyphlops. Although Wynn et al. (2016) opine that this Typhlops manilae should not be included in the genus Malayotyphlops until its affinities can be ""better evaluated"", this nomenclature is retained here to preserve the definition of Typhlops sensu stricto as a New World genus (Hedges et al. 2014), and it cannot confidently be assigned to Gerrhopilidae." 169825,Cyclocorus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYCLOCORIDAE,Cyclocorus,nuchalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1923", 169827,Cerberus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Cerberus,microlepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Although this species exhibits low levels of genetic divergence from the Cerberus rynchops complex (Alfaro et al. 2004), now recognized as C. schneiderii in the Philippines (Murphy et al. 2012), Murphy et al. (2012) note that its morphological, ecological and geographic isolation warrant continued recognition of this species as distinct. Based on this together with the estimated age of divergence from C. schneideri (Alfaro et al. 2008) Leviton et al. (2018) recommend retaining this species as valid, while noting that this status has been ""seriously questioned"".Bernstein et al. (2021) found that this species was minimally distinct genetically from C. schneiderii based on their mtDNA results and that continued recognition of it renders C. schneiderii paraphyletic. 
R. Brown (pers. comm. 2021) notes that these results should be interpreted with caution, as no recent material from Lake Buhi precisely matches the morphology of the holotype. While this may support the hypothesis that C. microlepis was described based on an atypical specimen of C. schneiderii, an alternative explanation is either that both species co-occur in the lake and C. microlepis has not been detected in recent surveys , or that C. schneiderii invaded the lake since C. schneiderii was last recorded and may have driven it to extinction (R. Brown pers. comm. 2021). Under both of these latter scenarios, the genetic material of ""C. microlepis"" examined by Alfaro et al. (2004) and Bernstein et al. (2021) would represent misidentified C. schneideri." 169828,Myersophis alpestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYCLOCORIDAE,Myersophis,alpestris,,,,,"Taylor, 1963", 169829,Varanus mabitang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,mabitang,,,,,"Gaulke & Curio, 2001", 169830,Ramphotyphlops marxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,marxi,,,,,"(Wallach, 1993)","This enigmatic species is not very clearly assignable to available genera, but is ""probably best placed in Ramphotyphlops for now"" (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007), a scheme that has subsequently been followed." 169832,Parvoscincus sisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,sisoni,,,,,"Ferner, Brown & Greer, 1997", 169833,Brachymeles talinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,talinis,,,,,"Brown, 1956", 169834,Parvoscincus steerei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,steerei,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1908)",This is probably a species complex of three to four species (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). 169835,Parvoscincus palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,palawanensis,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1961)", 169836,Gekko ernstkelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,ernstkelleri,,,,,"Rösler, Siler, Brown, Demegillo & Gaulke, 2006", 169837,Pinoyscincus abdictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pinoyscincus,abdictus,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1980)","This species is often confused with populations of S. coxi and S. jagori. Subpopulations are often assigned arbitrarily to one species or the other based on islands. Linkem et al. (2011) found that the two subspecies of Sphenomorphus abdictus form a clade with S. coxi and S. jagori and erected the new genus Pinoyscincus. Despite identifying that one clade within S. a. aquilonius was not monophyletic with respect to S. jagori, Linkem et al. (2011) proposed no changes to the species concept. A comprehensive taxonomic revision of this complex is still required (McLeod et al. 2011). Some populations from the Babuyan Islands may represent a distinct species (Linkem et al. 2010)." 169838,Cyrtodactylus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,annulatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1915)","There are various taxonomic problems related to C. annulatus and C. philippinicus. They may be one species, or the populations on different islands may have been inappropriately divided between the two taxa (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007)." 169839,Draco guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 169840,Brachymeles minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,minimus,,,,,"Brown & Alcala, 1995", 169841,Pseudorabdion taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,taylori,,,,,"Leviton & Brown, 1959", 169843,Trimeresurus schultzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,schultzei,,,,,"Griffin, 1909",This species is sometimes placed within the genus Parias. 169844,Varanus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","As part of a morphological revision of Philippine water monitors, Koch et al. (2010) identified three distinct lineages within Varanus marmoratus as then understood. These authors described two of these as the new species V. rasmusseni and V. palawanensis. Mindoro populations previously assigned to this species are of uncertain identity, and are excluded from all three of the species recognized by these authors (Koch et al. 2010)." 169848,Lipinia vulcania,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,vulcania,,,,,"Girard, 1857","This species is known from only four specimens and its validity is questionable. Additional taxonomic work needed to clarify the species' status (R. Brown and A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007, Supsup et al. 2016). This species' highly disjunct known distribution, with records from islands in three geologically distinct islands, suggests that the four known specimens may correspond to as many as three different, undescribed species (Brown et al. 2013, Supsup et al. 2016).
Zug et al. (1985) suggested that the holotype of the enigmatic species Leiolopisma fasciolare might in fact be the lost holotype of Lipinia vulcania. Recent examination of this specimen (G. Shea in prep.) has confirmed that it represents the New World species Scincella lateralis." 169849,Lycodon bibonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,bibonius,,,,,"Ota & Ross, 1994", 169850,Lycodon solivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,solivagus,,,,,"Ota & Ross, 1994", 169851,Pseudorabdion ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,ater,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)", 169852,Lipinia auriculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,auriculata,,,,,"(Taylor, 1917)",There are currently three subspecies recognized: L. a. auriculata; L. a. kempi; and L. a. herrei. It seems possible that these taxa will all be elevated to species level following additional taxonomic work (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). 169853,Pseudorabdion talonuran,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,talonuran,,,,,"Brown, Leviton & Sison, 1999", 169854,Lycodon dumerili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,dumerili,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 169855,Parvoscincus lawtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,lawtoni,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1980)", 169856,Hologerrhum philippinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYCLOCORIDAE,Hologerrhum,philippinum,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 169858,Brachymeles schadenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,schadenbergi,,,,,"(Fischer, 1885)", 169860,Draco cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,cyanopterus,,,,,"Peters, 1867", 169861,Lycodon alcalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,alcalai,,,,,"Ota & Ross, 1994","This species exhibits no genetic divergence from, and may be conspecific with, Lycodon chrysopateros, and very low divergence from L. bibonius (Siler et al. 2013)." 169862,Cyrtodactylus philippinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,philippinicus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)","R. Brown (pers. comm. 2007) highlighted taxonomic problems involving Cyrtodactylus annulatus and C. philippinicus, both of which have previously been understood to be widespread in the Philippines but with poorly-characterized ranges (Welton et al. 2009). Welton et al. (2009), who redescribed C. annulatus, did not investigate C. philippinicus in detail. Welton et al. (2010) confirmed that multiple divergent genetic lineages exist within C. philippinicus as presently understood, and stressed the need for a comprehensive revision of this species." 169863,Liopeltis philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Liopeltis,philippinus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1897)", 169864,Gekko athymus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,athymus,,,,,"Brown & Alcala, 1962", 169865,Hemiphyllodactylus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,insularis,,,,,"Taylor, 1918","Some authors consider Hemiphyllodactylus insularis, whose description involved limited comparison with related species, to be a synonym of Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker, 1860. Although Kluge (2001) recognized it as valid he did so without explanation, and its status remained unclear until it was formally revalidated and redescribed by Zug (2010). In this author's scheme, all bisexual ""Hemiphyllodactylus typus"" from the Philippines correspond to H. insularis. Grismer et al. (2013) subsequently examined the systematics of this group through integrative (both morphological and molecular) analysis and rejected this concept, instead restricting the name H. insularis to a population from western Mindanao." 169866,Emoia ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,ruficauda,,,,,"Taylor, 1915", 169867,Draco jareckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,jareckii,,,,,"Lazell, 1992",Records from the Babuyanes Group of islands may refer to an undescribed species (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2021). 169869,Lipinia pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,pulchella,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",There are currently three subspecies recognised: L. p. pulchella; L. p. taylori; and L. p. levitoni. It seems possible that these taxa will all be elevated to species level following additional taxonomic work (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). 169870,Cyrtodactylus redimiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,redimiculus,,,,,"King, 1962", 169872,Stegonotus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,muelleri,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Kaiser et al. (2018) discuss the problematic type locality, ""Java"", for this Philippine endemic. This erroneous locality, and the preservation of specimens labelled as both this species and the similarly-named Lycodon muelleri in the same collection jar, have resulted in confusion regarding the relationship between these two unrelated Philippine snakes and the distributions of each.
Further research is required to determine whether there is any differentiation between Samar-Leyte populations and those from Mindanao (Leviton et al. 2018)." 169873,Brachymeles vermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,vermis,,,,,"Taylor, 1918", 169874,Parvoscincus laterimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,laterimaculatus,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1980)", 169876,Trimeresurus mcgregori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,mcgregori,,,,,"Taylor, 1919","This species is sometimes placed within the genus Parias. It was formerly recognized as a subspecies of Trimeresurus flavomaculatus. Genetic work is required to clarify whether it is a valid species, and it may well prove not to be distinct (R. Brown pers. comm. 2022)." 169878,Bronchocela marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,marmorata,,,,,"Gray, 1845","It has been suggested that Bronchocela cristatella and B. marmorata occur in sympatry on Luzon on the basis of ""slight"" morphological differences between specimens, but there is no genetic evidence that two species co-occur on this island (Siler et al. 2011). These authors consequently recognize only B. marmorata from Luzon. Brown et al. (2013) concur that it is likely that only one species occurs on Luzon, for which the name B. marmorata is appropriate, but note that further research is required to confirm this. This is supported by evidence that the two morphotypes occur within a single population at least at one locality (McLeod et al. 2011).
Denzer et al. (2020) clarified the identity of Lophyrus spinosus, considered a junior synonym of Brochocela mamorata since it was first described. Although this synonymy was doubted by Hallerman (2005) he did not justify this conclusion (Denzer et al. 2020). Denzer et al. (2020) identified the sole known specimen of L. spinosus as a New Guinean member of the genus Hypsilurus, and consequently formally removed it from synonymy with B. marmorata." 169879,Eutropis englei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,englei,,,,,"(Taylor, 1925)","Although this species has not been included in any recent taxonomic treatment due to the absence of genetic material, it is ""likely"" to be a valid species distinct from any other known Eutropis on Mindanao (Barley et al. 2020). With the recognition that multiple species of Eutropis occur in southwestern Mindanao, Barley et al. (2020) suggest that three atypical specimens collected from near Digos City, which are biogeographically disjunct from other known records, may represent an undescribed species." 169880,Gekko gigante,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,gigante,,,,,"Brown & Alcala, 1978", 169881,Tropidonophis dendrophiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,dendrophiops,,,,,"(Günther, 1883)","Leviton et al. (2018) proposed that the two Philippine species of Tropidonophis are likely to be referrable to Rhabdophis, but refrained from taking taxonomic action pending a full genomic analysis." 169882,Lipinia semperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,semperi,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 169884,Rhabdophis auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,auriculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 169885,Trimeresurus flavomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,flavomaculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","This species is sometimes placed within the genus Parias. Currently there are two subspecies, T. f. flavomaculatus and T. f. halieus (Leviton et al. 2011). These authors agreed with this arrangement, and with the recognition of Trimeresurus mcgregori from the Batanes islands as a separate species. These authors suggested that records from Mindanao may represent recognition as a distinct species, for which the name Trimeresurus schadenbergi is available. 
More recently Leviton et al. (2018) referred records from Dinagat and part of northern Mindanao as T. cf. flavomaculatus, suggesting that two distinct species may be present on Mindanao. Pending a taxonomic treatment of this complex (which is underway - Y. del Prado, R. Venturina, E. Maglangit, A. Diesmos and M. Diesmos in prep.) these are included within T. flavomaculatus for the purposes of this assessment." 169886,Insulasaurus wrighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Insulasaurus,wrighti,,,,,"Taylor, 1925", 169887,Sphenomorphus knollmanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,knollmanae,,,,,"Brown, Ferner & Ruedas, 1995", 169888,Lycodon fausti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,fausti,,,,,"Gaulke, 2002", 169889,Brachymeles tridactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,tridactylus,,,,,"Brown, 1956","Davis et al. (2014) redescribed this species and clarified its range limits relative to Brachymeles bonitae and the new species B. mapalanggon and B. isangdaliri. This did not affect the species concept previously recognized on the Red List, but confirmed that the record of ""B. tridactylus"" from Romblon reported by Siler et al. (2012) represents B. bonitae." 169891,Parvoscincus kitangladensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,kitangladensis,,,,,"(Brown, 1995)","Linkem and Brown (2013) suggest that Sphenomorphus curtirostris from Mindanao, presently a junior synonym of Parvoscincus decipiens despite occurring outside the known range of this species, may either be a distinct species or conspecific with P. kitangladensis. Should the latter be the case, curtirostris would be the name with priority, but Brown and Linkem (2013) elect not to take taxonomic action pending collection of more material of these taxa." 169894,Brachymeles wrighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,wrighti,,,,,"Taylor, 1925", 169895,Gonocephalus sophiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,sophiae,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","Further taxonomic studies are needed to more clearly determine the range of the three Gonocephalus species recognized in the Philippines (Gonocephalus interruptus, G. semperi, and G. sophiae). Animals with white spots on the flanks are often readily identified as G. semperi, however this is not a good diagnostic character and other Gonocephalus species (such as G. interruptus) can also exhibit white spots.

Welton et al. (2017) conducted the first molecular phylogeny of Philippine Gonocephalus, based on sampling across the whole archipelago. Their results suggested that ""as many as 12 Philippine lineages"" may warrant treatment as candidate species. The complexity of the taxonomy involved, and the fact that none of the three nominal species in the Philippines has a type locality more specific than ""Philippines"", made it impossible for these authors to assign the three presently used names to specific lineages within the Philippine radiation. This account follows the distribution listed for samples of G. sophiae by Welton et al. (2017) with the caveat that the application of these names requires further research to clarify.
Hallerman (2005), rejecting the long-accepted assumption that Lophyrus spinosus is a junior synonym of Bronchocela marmorata, suggested that L. spinosus is a junior synonym of G. sophiae. This was rejected by Denzer et al. (2020), who determined that L. spinosus is an apparently valid but unknown species of Hypsilurus collected from western New Guinea." 169896,Pinoyscincus mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pinoyscincus,mindanensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1915)","it is not clear all records of ""Pinoyscincus mindanensis"" correspond to a single species (K. Pitogo pers. comm. 2021)." 169897,Varanus cumingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,cumingi,,,,,"Martin, 1839","Koch el al. (2010) recognized populations outside Mindanao as a distinct subspecies, Varanus cumingi samarensis; this taxon has since been elevated to species status (Welton et al. 2014). Koch et al. (2010) noted that the taxonomic status of records from Basilan requires further clarification as this population resembles V. samarensis, and that the taxonomic status of water monitor populations from Dinagat and Siargao requires investigation.." 169898,Oligodon perkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,perkinsi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1925)", 169899,Sphenomorphus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,acutus,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)","The affinities of this distinctive skink are unclear, and Linkem et al. (2011) elected to retain it within Sphenomorphus pending further research to clarify its relationships." 169900,Gekko porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,porosus,,,,,"Taylor, 1922","A 2007 Red List assessment of this species suggested that this species may occur on Babuyan Claro. A similar gecko described from this island has been described as the new species Gekko crombota (Brown et al. 2008), and consequently this assessment assumes that G. porosus is not likely to occur on Babuyan Claro." 169901,Calamaria joloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,joloensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1922", 169902,Tropidonophis negrosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,negrosensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1917)","There is a need for further examination of many specimens currently allocated to this species (e.g., those taken on Mindanao) to better determine their correct identification (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007). Records from Basilan, Samar, Luzon and Mindanao are not assigned to this species by Leviton et al. (2018).
Leviton et al. (2018) proposed that the two Philippine species of Tropidonophis are likely to be referrable to Rhabdophis, but refrained from taking taxonomic action pending a full genomic analysis." 169903,Oligodon ancorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,ancorus,,,,,"(Girard, 1857)","The juveniles of other Oligodon are often mistaken for this species, resulting in erroneous records (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). Tillack et al. (2009) found that the type of Oligodon rhombifer is indistinguishable from that of O. ancorus and synonymized it within O. ancorus. As O. ancorus is endemic to the Philippines this implies that the Sumatran type locality for O. rhombifer - a species known only from the holotype - is in error." 169904,Draco quadrasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,quadrasi,,,,,"Boettger, 1893", 169905,Brachymeles samarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,samarensis,,,,,"Brown, 1956", 169907,Gekko intermedium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,intermedium,,,,,"(Taylor, 1915)",Additional studies into the taxonomic status of this species are needed. Records from the island of Mindoro may represent an undescribed species (A. Diesmos and R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). 169909,Parvoscincus beyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Parvoscincus,beyeri,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)", 169948,Jasus frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Jasus,frontalis,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)", 169949,Scyllarus arctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,arctus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 16995,Philonesia filiceti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Philonesia,filiceti,,,,,Baker, 169951,Panulirus penicillatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,penicillatus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1791)", 169954,Scyllarides haanii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,haanii,,,,,"(de Haan, 1841)", 169956,Thymopides grobovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thymopides,grobovi,,,,,"(Burukovsky & Averin, 1976)", 169957,Metanephrops andamanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,andamanicus,,,,,"(Wood-Mason, 1891)", 169958,Nephropsis aculeata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,aculeata,,,,,"(S.I. Smith, 1881)", 169959,Metanephrops rubellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,rubellus,,,,,"(Moreira, 1903)", 16996,Philonesia pitcairnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Philonesia,pitcairnensis,,,,,Baker, 169960,Ibacus brucei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,brucei,,,,,"Holthuis, 1977", 169962,Acanthacaris tenuimana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Acanthacaris,tenuimana,,,,,"Bate, 1888", 169963,Metanephrops mozambicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,mozambicus,,,,,"Macpherson, 1990","This species was known as M. andamanicus prior to 1990." 169964,Panulirus echinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,echinatus,,,,,"Smith, 1869",This species has been confused with P. guttatus (Vianna 1986). 169965,Metanephrops australiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,australiensis,,,,,"(Bruce, 1966)", 169966,Panulirus interruptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,interruptus,,,,,"(Randall, 1840)", 169968,Panulirus versicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,versicolor,,,,,"(Latreille, 1804)", 169969,Evibacus princeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Evibacus,princeps,,,,,"Smith, 1869", 16997,Philoria frosti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Philoria,frosti,,,,,"Spencer, 1901", 169970,Scyllarides deceptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,deceptor,,,,,"Holthuis, 1963","This species continues to be confused with S. brasiliensis (Rathbun 1906), due to their similar colour patterns and locally sympatric distributions (Tavares et al. 2009)." 169971,Metanephrops sagamiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,sagamiensis,,,,,"(Parisi, 1917)", 169972,Metanephrops challengeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,challengeri,,,,,"(Balss, 1914)", 169973,Nephropsis neglecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,neglecta,,,,,"Holthuis, 1974", 169974,Nephropsis stewarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,stewarti,,,,,"Wood-Mason, 1872", 169976,Panulirus argus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,argus,,,,,"(Latreille, 1804)","There are two recognized subspecies for the species. Panulirus argus argus is found north of the equator and Panulirus argus westonii is found south of the equator in Brazil, however this is an invalid name (Sarver, Silberman and Walsh, 1998)." 169977,Nephropsis malhaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,malhaensis,,,,,"Borradaile, 1910","

Fischer and Bianchi (1984) mention that this species may possibly be synonymous with N. stewarti, however no other authors have confirmed this.

" 169978,Scammarctus batei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scammarctus,batei,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1946)", 169979,Thenus orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Thenus,orientalis,,,,,"(Lund, 1793)","This species was previously known as one species (Thenus orientalis), but now has been split into five separate species (Burton and Davie 2007)." 169980,Jasus paulensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Jasus,paulensis,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 169981,Eunephrops manningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Eunephrops,manningi,,,,,"Holthuis, 1974", 169982,Homarinus capensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Homarinus,capensis,,,,,"(Herbst, 1792)",Homarus capensis as described by Herbst (1792) has been changed to Homarinus capensis (Kornfield et al. 1995). 169983,Scyllarides latus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,latus,,,,,"(Latreille, 1802)", 169984,Ibacus peronii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,peronii,,,,,"Leach, 1815", 169985,Nephropsis acanthura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,acanthura,,,,,"Macpherson, 1990", 169986,Nephropsis rosea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,rosea,,,,,"Bate, 1888", 169987,Panulirus ornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,ornatus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 169988,Panulirus guttatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,guttatus,,,,,"(Latreille, 1804)", 169989,Petrarctus brevicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Petrarctus,brevicornis,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1946)", 169990,Panulirus polyphagus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,polyphagus,,,,,"(Herbst, 1793)", 169991,Scyllarides tridacnophaga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,tridacnophaga,,,,,"Holthuis, 1967", 169993,Panulirus inflatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,inflatus,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1895)", 169995,Parribacus holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Parribacus,holthuisi,,,,,"Forest, 1954", 169996,Parribacus caledonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Parribacus,caledonicus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960","FAO states that this species was not formally distinguished from P. antarcticus (Holthuis 1991)." 169997,Scyllarides brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,brasiliensis,,,,,"Rathbun, 1906", 169999,Palinurus gilchristi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurus,gilchristi,,,,,"Stebbing, 1900", 170060,Nephropides caribaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropides,caribaeus,,,,,"Manning, 1969", 170000,Acanthacaris caeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Acanthacaris,caeca,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1881)", 170061,Panulirus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,gracilis,,,,,"Streets, 1871", 170063,Arctides regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Arctides,regalis,,,,,"Holthuis, 1963","In Hawaii this species has many common names including: Royal Slipper Lobster, King's Hawaiian Lobster, Shovel-nosed Lobster, Spanish Lobster and Ula-papapa (Holthuis 1991).

This species very closely resembles A. guineensis, and at one time they were believed to be conspecific (Holthuis 2006)." 170002,Scyllarides elisabethae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,elisabethae,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1894)", 170062,Panulirus homarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,homarus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are three sub-species: P. homarus homarus found throughout the range; P. homarus megasculpta is known only from the northern Arabian Sea; and P. homarus rubellus is found southern East Africa, from Mozambique to Natal and southeast Madagascar (Holthuis 1991)." 170003,Metanephrops armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,armatus,,,,,"Chan & Yu, 1991","Before 1991, specimens of this species were considered to belong to M. japonicus (Holthuis 1991).
" 170064,Metanephrops velutinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,velutinus,,,,,"Chan & Yu, 1991", 170004,Remiarctus bertholdii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Remiarctus,bertholdii,,,,,"(Paulson, 1875)", 170065,Linuparus somniosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Linuparus,somniosus,,,,,"Berry & George, 1972", 170005,Nupalirus japonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Nupalirus,japonicus,,,,,"Kubo, 1955","Justitia japonica is now known as Nupalirus japonicus (Chan 2010)." 170006,Panulirus japonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,japonicus,,,,,"(Von Siebold, 1824)", 170007,Puerulus carinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Puerulus,carinatus,,,,,"Borradaile, 1910","This species was once synonymized by Holthuis (1966) with Puerulus angulatus but this was shown to be incorrect by Berry (1969) (Holthuis 1991)." 170008,Scyllarides squammosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,squammosus,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)", 170079,Metanephrops thomsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,thomsoni,,,,,"(Bate, 1888)","Chan et al. (2009) recently showed that the banded and non-banded forms of Metanephrops thomsoni were widely, genetically divergent. The banded (widespread) form is now treated as a distinct species and named after a recent fossil, Wongastacia taiwanica Hu, 1983, while the non-banded (Philippines) form remains M. thomsoni (see also Tshudy et al. 2007)." 170009,Homarus americanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Homarus,americanus,,,,,"H. Milne Edwards, 1837", 170010,Palinurus delagoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurus,delagoae,,,,,"Barnard, 1926", 170080,Puerulus angulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Puerulus,angulatus,,,,,"(Bate, 1888)", 170081,Ibacus ciliatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,ciliatus,,,,,"(Von Siebold, 1824)","This species was split into two species. Past records referring to I. ciliatus south of the Philippines are now I. pubescens, although both species occur in the Philippines (Chan, 1997)." 170082,Nephropsis agassizii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,agassizii,,,,,"A. Milne Edwards, 1880", 170013,Parribacus japonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Parribacus,japonicus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960","Holthuis (1991) states that this species has previously been confused with P. antarcticus." 170083,Jasus tristani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Jasus,tristani,,,,,"Holthuis, 1963", 170014,Panulirus laevicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,laevicauda,,,,,"(Latreille, 1817)", 170015,Palinurellus gundlachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurellus,gundlachi,,,,,"von Martens, 1878", 170085,Eunephrops bairdii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Eunephrops,bairdii,,,,,"Smith, 1885", 170016,Puerulus velutinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Puerulus,velutinus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1963", 170086,Nephropsis ensirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,ensirostris,,,,,"Alcock, 1901", 170017,Sagmariasus verreauxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Sagmariasus,verreauxi,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1851)", 170087,Ibacus alticrenatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,alticrenatus,,,,,"Bate, 1888", 170018,Nephropsis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,occidentalis,,,,,"Faxon, 1893", 170088,Scyllarides nodifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,nodifer,,,,,"(Stimpson, 1866)", 170019,Metanephrops sinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,sinensis,,,,,"(Bruce, 1966)", 170089,Metanephrops neptunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,neptunus,,,,,"(Bruce, 1965)", 170020,Scyllarides astori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,astori,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960", 170090,Parribacus perlatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Parribacus,perlatus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1967",This species is also known as the slipper lobster (Boyko 2003). 170021,Metanephrops binghami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,binghami,,,,,"(Boone, 1927)", 170091,Panulirus brunneiflagellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,brunneiflagellum,,,,,Sekiguchi & George 2005, 170022,Scyllarides roggeveeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,roggeveeni,,,,,"Holthuis, 1967", 170092,Nephropsis sulcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,sulcata,,,,,"Macpherson, 1990","

The species has often been confused with N. atlantica and most, if not all, records of N. atlantica from the Indo-West Pacific region refer to the present species (Holthuis 1991).

" 170023,Ibacus novemdentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,novemdentatus,,,,,"Gibbes, 1850", 170093,Eunephrops cadenasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Eunephrops,cadenasi,,,,,"Chace, 1939", 170024,Thymopsis nilenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thymopsis,nilenta,,,,,"Holthuis, 1974", 170094,Panulirus regius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,regius,,,,,"De Brito Capello, 1864", 170025,Jasus edwardsii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Jasus,edwardsii,,,,,"(Hutton, 1875)","The Australian stock was previously known as Jasus novaehollandiae.
" 170095,Thaumastocheles zaleucus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thaumastocheles,zaleucus,,,,,"(Thomson, 1873)", 170026,Ibacus brevipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,brevipes,,,,,"Bate, 1888", 170096,Thaumastocheles japonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thaumastocheles,japonicus,,,,,"Calman, 1913", 170097,Justitia longimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Justitia,longimanus,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)","Justitia mauritiana is now a synonym of this species." 170028,Scyllarides herklotsii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,herklotsii,,,,,"(Herklots, 1851)", 170029,Palinustus truncatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinustus,truncatus,,,,,"A. Milne Edwards, 1880", 170030,Scyllarides delfosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,delfosi,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960", 170031,Panulirus femoristriga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,femoristriga,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1872)","Although originally classified as Panulirus femoristriga (von Martens, 1872), this species was later included within P. longipes (Milne-Edwards, 1868) as a subspecies, P. l. femoristriga. Recent morphological and allozyme analysis showed that in fact there were two cryptic forms of P. l. femoristriga, and assigned a new species P. albiflagellum Chan & Chu, 1996 to one of them. Later work (Chan and Ng 2001) revealed that P. albiflagellum is conspecific with the holotype of P. femoristriga, and P. l. femoristriga was synonymized with P. longipes bispinosus Borradaile, 1899. Further molecular work supports this distinction based on nucleotide sequence divergence (Ravago and Juinio-Meñez 2002, Chow et al. 2006a)." 170032,Nephropsis suhmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,suhmi,,,,,"Bate, 1888", 170033,Palibythus magnificus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palibythus,magnificus,,,,,"Davie, 1990", 170034,Arctides antipodarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Arctides,antipodarum,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960","In Australia this species is known by many local names including: Red Flapjack, Squat Crayfish, Southern Shovel-nosed Cray, South-eastern Shovel-nosed Crayfish and South-eastern Squat Crayfish.

In New Zealand this species is known locally as the Spanish Lobster (Holthuis 1991)." 170035,Palinurus mauritanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurus,mauritanicus,,,,,"Gruvel, 1911", 170036,Metanephrops japonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,japonicus,,,,,"(Tapparone-Canefri, 1873)", 170037,Eduarctus martensii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,martensii,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1881)", 170038,Thymops birsteini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thymops,birsteini,,,,,"(Zarenkov & Semenov, 1872)", 170039,Metanephrops formosanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,formosanus,,,,,"Chan & Yu, 1987", 170040,Metanephrops arafurensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,arafurensis,,,,,"(De Man, 1905)", 170041,Panulirus stimpsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,stimpsoni,,,,,"Holthuis, 1963", 170042,Projasus parkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Projasus,parkeri,,,,,"(Stebbing, 1902)", 170043,Palinustus unicornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinustus,unicornutus,,,,,"Berry, 1979", 170044,Nephropsis atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,atlantica,,,,,"Norman, 1882", 170046,Palinurus charlestoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurus,charlestoni,,,,,"Forest & Postel, 1964", 170118,Danionella priapus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danionella,priapus,,,,,"Britz, 2009",
 170047,Palinustus mossamicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinustus,mossamicus,,,,,"Barnard, 1926", 170119,Erethistes koladynensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistes,koladynensis,,,,,"(Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2009)",
 170048,Palinustus waguensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinustus,waguensis,,,,,"Kubo, 1963", 170120,Devario xyrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,xyrops,,,,,"Fang & Kullander, 2009",Devario xyrops was described from small rivers on the western slope of the Rakhine Yoma in south-western Myanmar (Fang and Kullander 2009). 170049,Palinurellus wieneckii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurellus,wieneckii,,,,,"(de Man, 1881)", 170121,Danio aesculapii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,aesculapii,,,,,"Kullander & Fang, 2009","Danio aesculapii was described from the Kanamae Chaung, a stream draining the western face of the Rakhine Yoma in Myanmar (Kullander and Fang 2009)." 170050,Metanephrops boschmai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,boschmai,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1964)", 170051,Projasus bahamondei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Projasus,bahamondei,,,,,"George, 1976", 170052,Arctides guineensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Arctides,guineensis,,,,,"(Spengler, 1799)", 170053,Metanephrops sibogae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,sibogae,,,,,"(De Man, 1916)", 170054,Linuparus trigonus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Linuparus,trigonus,,,,,"(Von Siebold, 1824)", 170055,Petrarctus rugosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Petrarctus,rugosus,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)", 170056,Scyllarus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Bate, 1888)", 170057,Panulirus pascuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,pascuensis,,,,,"Reed, 1954", 170059,Parribacus scarlatinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Parribacus,scarlatinus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960", 170066,Panulirus longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,longipes,,,,,"(A. Milne Edwards, 1868)","This species is comprised of two subspecies: Palinurus longipes longipes and Palinurus longipes bispinosus (Chan and Ng 2001).
" 170067,Panulirus marginatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,marginatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 170068,Neoglyphea inopinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GLYPHEIDAE,Neoglyphea,inopinata,,,,,"Forest & De Saint Laurent, 1975","This species is regarded as a living fossil, with very similar fossils dating from the Jurassic period. There is a debate on whether it is part of the coral lobsters or the spiny lobsters." 170069,Nephropsis carpenteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,carpenteri,,,,,"Wood-Mason, 1885", 170070,Linuparus sordidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Linuparus,sordidus,,,,,"Bruce, 1965", 170071,Parribacus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Parribacus,antarcticus,,,,,"(Lund, 1793)", 170072,Jasus lalandii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Jasus,lalandii,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)", 170073,Panulirus cygnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Panulirus,cygnus,,,,,"George, 1962", 170074,Thaumastochelopsis wardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thaumastochelopsis,wardi,,,,,"Bruce, 1988", 170075,Scyllarides aequinoctialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,aequinoctialis,,,,,"(Lund, 1793)", 170306,Scomber japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomber,japonicus,,,,,"Houttuyn, 1782","The Pacific Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) has a Pacific distribution,and is replaced in the Atlantic by Scomber colias (Scoles et al. 1998, Collette 1999). Microsatellite and mitochondrial cyt b confirm that Scomber australasicus and S. japonicus are also separate species (Tzeng et al. 2009). Scomber japonicus is apparently absent from Indonesia and Australia, where it is replaced by Scomber australasicus (Collette 2001). The population from the Red Sea and northern Indian Ocean (the Gulf of Aden and Oman) is Scomber australasicus (Baker and Collette 1998). Morphological and genetic data distinguish the Atlantic Chub Mackerel from the Pacific Chub Mackerel (Infante et al. 2007)." 170307,Tetrapturus pfluegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Tetrapturus,pfluegeri,,,,,"Robins & de Sylva, 1963","Confused with the eastern Atlantic T. belone until described as a distinct species by Robins and de Sylva (1963)." 170308,Grammatorcynus bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Grammatorcynus,bicarinatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)","Before 1983, this species was sometimes confused with Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Collette and Nauen 1983)." 170311,Scomberomorus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,guttatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",A revision of Scomberomorus was conducted by Collette and Russo (1985). 170313,Sarda orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Sarda,orientalis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)", 170315,Tetrapturus angustirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Tetrapturus,angustirostris,,,,,"Tanaka, 1915", 170316,Scomberomorus commerson,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,commerson,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)",A revision of Scomberomorus was conducted by Collette and Russo (1985). 170318,Rastrelliger brachysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Rastrelliger,brachysoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 170319,Orcynopsis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Orcynopsis,unicolor,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)","The Plain Bonito has been placed in seven different genera - Scomber, Cybium, Pelamys, Orcynopsis, Thynnus, Pelamichthys, and Gymnosarda - over its more than 250-year history but is morphologically distinct enough to have its own monotypic genus, Orcynopsis (Postel 1950, Collette and Chao 1975)." 170320,Euthynnus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Euthynnus,lineatus,,,,,"Kishinouye, 1920", 170321,Cybiosarda elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Cybiosarda,elegans,,,,,"(Whitley, 1935)", 170323,Scomberomorus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,maculatus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","Three species have often been confused with S. maculatus, namely: Scomberomorus tritor in the eastern Atlantic; S. sierra in the eastern Pacific; and S. brasiliensis in the Caribbean and along the Atlantic coast of South America." 170324,Rastrelliger faughni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Rastrelliger,faughni,,,,,"Matsui, 1967","The first good study of the Island Mackerel was as the mis-identified Pneumatophorus australasicus from the Philippines (Manacop 1958). Three out of four molecular studies (Jamaluddin et al. 2010, Basheer et al. 2015, Muto et al. 2016) indicate that the Island Mackerel is the basal species of the three species of Rastrelliger." 170325,Scomberomorus sierra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,sierra,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1895","

Sometimes this species has been erroneously considered a synonym of the western Atlantic Scomberomorus maculatus.

" 170326,Scomberomorus tritor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,tritor,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)",This species has been erroneously considered as a synonym of Scomberomorus maculatus by many authors (Collette and Russo 1985). 170327,Scomberomorus regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,regalis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 170328,Rastrelliger kanagurta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Rastrelliger,kanagurta,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 170329,Scomber australasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomber,australasicus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1832","

The population in the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea formerly considered to be Scomber japonicus were re-identified as Scomber australasicus (Baker and Collette 1998). This population was described as a separate species, Scomber indicus by Abdussamad et al. 2016 which is considered as a subspecies here.

" 170330,Scomberomorus munroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,munroi,,,,,"Collette & Russo, 1980","

This species was confused with S. niphonius from Munro (1943) until it was described by Collette and Russo (1980).

" 170331,Acanthocybium solandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Acanthocybium,solandri,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)","Recent genetic information suggests that this species is one highly connected population worldwide (Garber et al. 2005, Theisen et al. 2008)." 170332,Sarda australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Sarda,australis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1881)", 170333,Tetrapturus georgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Tetrapturus,georgii,,,,,"Lowe, 1841","Although the most distinct genetically of the four species of spearfishes (Collette et al. 2006, Hanner et al. 2011), this species was only recently confirmed as a valid species (Shivji et al. 2006)." 170335,Scomberomorus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,brasiliensis,,,,,"Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978","Literature records previous to 1978 for Scomberomorus maculatus from the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Central and South America apply to Scomberomorus brasiliensis, which was previously considered as Scomberomorus maculatus by many authors (Collette and Russo 1985)." 170336,Euthynnus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Euthynnus,affinis,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)", 170337,Scomberomorus semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,semifasciatus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)", 170339,Scomberomorus cavalla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,cavalla,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 170340,Gasterochisma melampus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Gasterochisma,melampus,,,,,"Richardson, 1845",This species has been described four times in three different monotypic genera. 170342,Gymnosarda unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Gymnosarda,unicolor,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1836)", 170343,Scomberomorus koreanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,koreanus,,,,,"(Kishinouye, 1915)","In India this species was confused with Scomberomorus lineolatus until 1976 (Devaraj 1976)." 170344,Auxis thazard,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Auxis,thazard,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)","Prior to 1960, many authors have used the name Auxis thazard as including Auxis rochei in the belief that there was only a single worldwide species of Auxis. This species contains two subspecies: the widespread Auxis rochei rochei and the Eastern Pacific Auxis thazard brachydorax (Collette and Aadland 1996)." 170345,Euthynnus alletteratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Euthynnus,alletteratus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 170346,Scomberomorus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,sinensis,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)","This species may be misidentified as Scomberomorus niphonius in southern China." 170347,Scomberomorus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,multiradiatus,,,,,"Munro, 1964", 170348,Scomberomorus plurilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,plurilineatus,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1966","This species has been confused with Scomberomorus lineolatus and with Scomberomorus guttatus (and also one of its junior synonyms Scomberomorus leopardus). The primary source of published biological information is based on observations in Zanzibar as S. lineolatus (Williams 1960).

 

" 170349,Allothunnus fallai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Allothunnus,fallai,,,,,"Serventy, 1948", 170350,Coryphaena equiselis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CORYPHAENIDAE,Coryphaena,equiselis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This species is frequently misidentified as juvenile or female of Coryphaena hippurus.

The specific name is sometimes misspelled as equisetis instead of equiselis (Gibbs and Collette 1959)." 170352,Sarda chiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Sarda,chiliensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)","Two subspecies are recognized: Sarda chiliensis lineolata occurs from Alaska to the tip of Baja California and the southwest Gulf of California, and the Revillagigedo Islands. Sarda chiliensis chiliensis occurs from Ecuador to Chile (Collette and Chao 1975)." 170353,Scomberomorus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,lineolatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","

In Madagascar and East Africa, this species name has been used for Scomberomorus plurilinealatus.

" 170354,Scomber scombrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomber,scombrus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Some authors have placed the other three species of the genus Scomber in a separate genus, Pneumatophorus, based on their possession of a swim bladder that is absent in the Atlantic Mackerel, but all four species are currently included in Scomber." 170355,Auxis rochei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Auxis,rochei,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","Before 1960, many researchers thought that there was only one world-wide species in the genus Auxis, which was recorded as Auxis thazard (Collette and Aaland, 1996).

The species contains two subspecies;  A. rochei rochei (Risso, 1810) worldwide except for the eastern tropical Pacific where it is replaced by A. r. eudorax Collette and Aadland, 1996." 170356,Scomberomorus niphonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,niphonius,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)",Early records of this species from Australia refer to Scomberomorus munroi. 170357,Scomber colias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomber,colias,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","This species is now recognized as distinct from the Indo-Pacific Scomber japonicus (Collette 1999, Infante et al. 2007)." 170358,Grammatorcynus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Grammatorcynus,bilineatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1836)","Before 1983, often confused in the literature with Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Collette and Nauen 1983)." 170367,Agama bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,bocourti,,,,,"Rochebrune, 1884", 170531,Cochlostoma achaicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,achaicum,,,,,"(Boettger, 1885)","Latest revision was done by Schütt (1977). Schütt distinguishes C. achaicum achaicum and C. achaicum diplestes (Westerlund 1894) as distinct subspecies. According to Fauna Europaea, the latter form, as well as coerulea A.J. Wagner 1897 and maxima A.J. Wagner 1897 are synonyms. Its system is based on shell morphology only, a modern revision, based on genital morphology and molecular data is necessary." 170532,Cochlostoma adamii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,adamii,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1879)","According to the Fauna Italia checklist (Bodon) Cochlostoma montanum (Issel, 1866) might be its subspecies or its junior synonym.

" 170533,Cochlostoma affine,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,affine,,,,,"(Benoit, 1882)","According to Fauna Europaea, Cochlostoma eupleurum Westerlund, 1885 is its junior synonym." 170534,Cochlostoma alleryanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,alleryanum,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1879)","According to Alzona (1971), ""Cochlostoma monterosato Bourguignat in Benoit (1875)"" is a synonym of this species." 170538,Cochlostoma auritum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,auritum,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","The latest revision was done by Fehér (2004), where the following subspecies were mentioned: C. auritum auritum, C. auritum drimmeri Varga 1998, C. auritum gjonii Feher 2004, C. auritum lamellatum Westerlund 1885 (syn: = alatum A.J. Wagner 1906), C. auritum meridionalis O. Boettger 1886 and C. auritum montenegrinum A.J. Wagner 1897.
Recent molecular phylogenetic research has shown that C. auritum gjonii does not belong to this species but a distinct, undescribed species (Z. Fehér unpublished data). Accordingly, C. auritum gjonii was not taken into consideration during this assessment." 170540,Cochlostoma braueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,braueri,,,,,"(Wagner, 1897)","Based on Wagner (1897), Fauna Europaea distinguishes two subspecies within this species: C. braueri braueri and C. braueri latestriatum (A.J. Wagner 1897). In the view of Soós (1913) C. braueri latestriatum might be an abnormally built C. elegans." 170541,Cochlostoma cinerascens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,cinerascens,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","According to Fauna Europaea, it has two subspecies: C. cinerascens cinerascens and C. cinerascens beauforti (Clessin 1887)." 170543,Cochlostoma cretense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,cretense,,,,,"(Maltzan, 1887)",The latest revision was done by Schütt (1977). 170544,Cochlostoma crosseanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,crosseanum,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1879)","According to Fauna Europaea, Cochlostoma agriotes Westerlund 1879, C. gualfinensis De Stefani 1879 and C. pinianus De Stefani 1879 are synonyms of this species.
Alzona (1971) treats C. pinianum and C. agriotes as subspecies of C. gualfinense and C. crosseanum as the synonym of C. gualfinense pinianum. During this assessment, the Fauna Europaea concept was followed, However, a competent Italian expert of this group suspects that C. agriotes (=gualfinense) and C. crosseanum (=pinianum) might be distinct taxa (Enrico Zallot, pers comm). If this opinion was to be reinforced, a reassessment would be necessary.
" 170546,Cochlostoma elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,elegans,,,,,"(Clessin, 1879)","Following the concept of Wagner (1897, 1906) Fauna Europaea lists seven valid subspecies for this species: Cochlostoma elegans elegans (Clessin 1879), C. elegans imoschiense (A.J. Wagner 1906), C. elegans irregularis (A.J. Wagner 1897), C. elegans oostoma (Westerlund 1883), C. elegans similis (A.J. Wagner 1897), C. elegans spectabilis (A.J. Wagner 1897) and C. elegans tumida (A.J. Wagner 1897). These subspecies were described only on the basis of shell morphology. Later, Wagner's opinion has changed and he is inclined to think that C. elegans similis is the synonym of the nominate form and C. elegans irregularis is the synonym of C. spectabilis (correspondance with L. Soós (1916: 166)).

A revision based on genital anatomy and molecular markers might clarify the systematics of this species as well as its relation to C. cinerascens and C. mostarense.
" 170547,Cochlostoma erika,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,erika,,,,,"(Wagner, 1906)", 170548,Cochlostoma euboicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,euboicum,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1885)","

The latest revision was done by Schütt (1977). Its system is based on shell morphology only so a modern revision, based on genital morphology and molecular data is necessary.

 

" 170549,Cochlostoma georgi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,georgi,,,,,"(Wagner, 1906)", 170551,Cochlostoma gracile,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,gracile,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1849)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species is comprised of seven subspecies: Cochlostoma gracile gracile, C. gracile croaticum, C. gracile gracillima, C. gracile martensianum, C. gracile reitteri, C. gracile stussineri and C. gracile subaiorum." 170552,Cochlostoma hellenicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,hellenicum,,,,,"(Saint-Simon, 1869)","The latest revision was done by Schütt (1977). Schütt, as well as Fauna Europaea distinguishes C. hellenicum hellenicum Saint-Simon, 1869 and C. hellenicum athenarum Saint-Simon, 1869. Its system is based on shell morphology only. A modern revision, based on genital morphology and molecular data is necessary." 170553,Cochlostoma henricae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,henricae,,,,,"(Strobel, 1851)","Fauna Europaea lists four subspecies within this species: C. henricae henricae, C. henricae huettneri (A.J. Wagner, 1897), C. henricae lissogyrus (Westerlund, 1881) and C. henricae strigillatum (A.J. Wagner, 1897)." 170555,Cochlostoma hoyeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,hoyeri,,,,,"(Polinski, 1922)","The latest revision was done by Fehér (2004). The following subspecies are known: Cochlostoma hoyeri hoyeri; C. hoyeri csikii Fehér, 2004 and C. hoyeri lillae Fehér, 2004." 170556,Cochlostoma intermedium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,intermedium,,,,,"(Pini, 1884)","Based on Bank (1988), Fauna Europaea lists Cochlostoma intermedium as an outright species. On the other hand, according to Alzona (1971), this is the synonym of C. septemspirale agardhi  (Pini, 1884) [which is in fact a synonym of C. septemspirale] and Fauna Italia doesn't list it among valid taxa. A competent Italian expert of this species group states that this is a synonym of C. septemspirale (Enrico Zallot, personal communication)." 170557,Cochlostoma kleciaki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,kleciaki,,,,,"(Braun, 1887)","In the concept of Fauna Europaea, this species is comprised of two subspecies: Cochlostoma kleciaki kleciaki and C. kleciaki arnautorum (A.J. Wagner, 1906).

However, the identity of the nominate form is unclear and its relationship with C. kleciaki arnautorum too. There are several taxa from Croatia to Greece with similar shell morphology and it is probable that some of their sub-populations were associated to this ""species"" while others are not. It seems improbable that all the material which was published as ""kleciaki"" are of the same species as there is such a scattered distribution within a large geographic range. The revision of this species' group, based on anatomy and molecular markers, is in progress (E. Zallot, W. de Mattia, Z. Fehér pers. comm. 2010)." 170558,Cochlostoma macei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,macei,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1869)", 170560,Cochlostoma montanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,montanum,,,,,"(Issel, 1866)","According to Fauna Europaea, it has two valid subspecies: C. montanum cassiniacum (Saint Simon, 1878) and C. montanum montanum (Issel, 1866).

During this assessment, the Fauna Europaea concept was followed. However, a competent Italian expert of this group suspects that C. sospes, C. montanum and maybe C, elongatum are distinct taxa (Enrico Zallot, pers comm.). If this opinion was reinforced, a reassessment would be necessary." 170561,Cochlostoma mostarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,mostarensis,,,,,"(Wagner, 1906)","Since its description, there has been no revision in this species group. Its systematic relationship with C. cinerascens and C. elegans is unclear, and shell morphology does not provide enough information for doing that. Until its systematic position is revised using genital morphology and molecular markers, it is treated as a separate species and assessed accordingly." 170562,Cochlostoma nanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,nanum,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1879)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species is comprised of two valid subspecies: Cochlostoma nanum nanum (Westerlund, 1879) and C. nanum dubia (A.J. Wagner, 1897).
In the latest revision (Wagner 1897) C. stossichi was also considered as the subspecies of this taxon.
" 170566,Cochlostoma pageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,pageti,,,,,"Klemm, 1962", 170567,Cochlostoma paladilhianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,paladilhianum,,,,,"(Saint-Simon, 1869)", 170568,Cochlostoma parnonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,parnonis,,,,,"Schütt, 1981","This species was originally described by Schütt (1981) as a subspecies of C. achaicum." 170570,Cochlostoma patulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,patulum,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species comprises two subspecies: C. patulum patulum and C. patulum fontqueri (F. Haas 1924). According to Alzona (1971), C. elongatum Pollonera 1907 is a synonym of the nominate form, and Alzona (1971) mentions also C. cazioti Pollonera 1907 as a subspecies.
Talaván Gómez & T. (2006: 65) classified C. patulum fontqueri as a separate species but the differences between C. patulum and C. fontqueri were not explained. Italian and south-eastern French populations might be a distinct subspecies (Zilch 1958) or even a distinct species (Boato et al. 1985).
" 170571,Cochlostoma philippianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,philippianum,,,,,"(Gredler, 1853)", 170572,Cochlostoma porroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,porroi,,,,,"(Strobel, 1850)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species is comprised of three valid subspecies: Cochlostoma porroi porroi, C. porroi gredleri Westerlund, 1879 and C. porroi stabilei (Pini, 1884)." 170573,Cochlostoma roseoli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,roseoli,,,,,"(Wagner, 1901)","The following subspecies are described:  Cochlostoma roseoli roseoli (A.J. Wagner, 1901), C. roseoli kiriense (A.J. Wagner, 1906), C roseoli prekalense (Polinski, 1924), C. roseoli rioliense (A.J. Wagner, 1914),  C. roseoli scutariense (A.J. Wagner, 1906) (see Fauna Europaea, or Fehér et al. 2001). Molecular and morphological data suggest (Fehér, unpublished data) that this system is untenable and this species needs revision.
" 170574,Cochlostoma sardoum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,sardoum,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1890)", 170577,Cochlostoma simrothi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,simrothi,,,,,"(Caziot, 1908)","In the view of Bodon et al. (1995) this is a subspecies of C. patulum, but Falkner et al. (2002) believes that it is a distinct species. Fauna Europaea follows Falkner's opinion." 170578,Cochlostoma stossichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,stossichi,,,,,"(Hirc, 1881)","In Wagner's (1897) concept this is a subspecies of Cochlostoma nanum." 170580,Cochlostoma subalpinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,subalpinum,,,,,"(Pini, 1884)", 170581,Cochlostoma tergestinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,tergestinum,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1878)","Wagner (1897) distinguished three subspecies and Fauna Europaea follows this view: C. tergestinum tergestinum (Westerlund, 1878), C. tergestinum tortivum (Westerlund, 1885) and C. tergestinum grahovanum (A.J. Wagner, 1897). Boeckel (1939) considered also C. waldemari as a subspecies of this taxon." 170582,Cochlostoma tessellatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,tessellatum,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","According to Fauna Europaea, the following subspecies are described: Cochlostoma tessellatum tessellatum (Rossmassler, 1837), C. tessellatum densestriatum (P. Hesse, 1882), C. tessellatum excisum (Mousson, 1859), C. tessellatum griseum (Mousson, 1859), C. tessellatum moussoni (O. Boettger, 1883), C. tessellatum nordsiecki Schutt, 1977, C. tessellatum platanusae Klemm, 1962 and C. tessellatum tepelenum Feher, Eross & Varga 2001." 170584,Cochlostoma waldemari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,waldemari,,,,,"(Wagner, 1897)","Wagner (1897) has described this as a separate species. Boeckel (1939) recognized as the subspecies of C. tergestinum. Fauna Europaea lists as a separate species." 170585,Cochlostoma westerlundi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,westerlundi,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1879)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species involves three subspecies: C. westerlundi westerlundi (Paulucci, 1879), C. westerlundi yapigium (Westerlund, 1885) and C. westerlundi dionysi (Paulucci, 1879). In contrast, Alzona (1971) distinguishes C. westerlundi dionysyi and C. westerlundi yapigium as separate species." 17066,Rhynchocypris percnurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,percnurus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)","Considering the wide range of the species, the morphological variability described in the literature and the geographic isolation of some populations, a critical reassessment of the taxonomic status of these isolated populations is urgently needed.
Rynchocypris percnurus is also found in the Upper Amur drainage (Antonov et al. 2019)." 17067,Phoxinus phoxinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,phoxinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",The systematics of Phoxinus is far from resolved and our observations suggest that several species are confused under the name P. phoxinus. 17068,Phrantela annamurrayae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,annamurrayae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 17069,Phrantela conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,conica,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 17070,Phrantela kutikina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,kutikina,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 17072,Phrantela pupiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,pupiformis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 17073,Phrantela richardsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,richardsoni,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 17074,Phrantela umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,umbilicata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 17077,Phreatodrobia imitata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Phreatodrobia,imitata,,,,,"Hershler & Longley, 1986", 17078,Phrynomedusa fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phrynomedusa,fimbriata,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923", 170897,Leiostyla tesselata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,tesselata,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)",The Lauriidae of the Azores are currently under revision. 170925,Leiostyla macilenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,macilenta,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)","Wollaston (1878) considered macilenta as a separate species, although he noted that it could be a variety of Leiostyla recta. Pilsbry (1922–6) and Waldén (1983) listed the taxa as a subspecies. Cameron and Cook (1999) treat this as a species rather than a subspecies. Seddon (2008) noted the there are differences in shell form and size, and given that the two taxa are present on different islands it seems to be grounds to maintain these two forms as different taxa." 171004,Leiostyla cassida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,cassida,,,,,"(Lowe, 1831)", 171099,Leiostyla colvillei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,colvillei,,,,,"Seddon & Killeen, 1996", 171179,Leiostyla loweana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,loweana,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 17120,Phyllococcus oahuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PSEUDOCOCCIDAE,Phyllococcus,oahuensis,,,,,"(Ehrhorn, 1912)", 171238,Leiostyla recta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,recta,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)", 171321,Leiostyla sphinctostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,sphinctostoma,,,,,"(Lowe, 1831)","Wollaston (1878) recognised two forms ‘rupestris’ and ‘arborea’, which are now separated as different species; L. sphinctostoma and L. arborea. Pilsbry (1922–6) noted that sphinctostoma as recorded was very variable, and he felt that there were sufficient differences to separate two further subspecies heterodon and simulator. Bank et al. (2002) and Seddon (2008) treated both as a separate species in their publications." 171383,Leiostyla rugulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,rugulosa,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)",The Lauriidae of the Azores are currently under revision. 171407,Leiostyla castanea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,castanea,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 171449,Leiostyla arborea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,arborea,,,,,"(Lowe, 1855)", 171506,Leiostyla irrigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,irrigua,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)", 171522,Leiostyla taeniata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,taeniata,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)","A synonym used for this species is Pupa pythiella Mousson 1872 (see the records for this taxon in Wollaston 1878)." 171656,Lauria fasciolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Lauria,fasciolata,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)",The Lauriidae of the Azores are currently under revision. 17169,Phyllodesma ilicifolia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LASIOCAMPIDAE,Phyllodesma,ilicifolia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 17170,Phyllodiaptomus wellekensae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Phyllodiaptomus,wellekensae,,,,,"Dumont & Reddy, 1993", 171758,Hemilauria limnaeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Hemilauria,limnaeana,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 171761,Leiostyla millegrana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,millegrana,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)", 171789,Gynacantha demeter,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,demeter,,,,,"Ris, 1911","This species is extremely similar to Gynacantha dohrni Krüger, 1899, and may fall within the limits of variation of that species. Its status as a distinct species is considered doubtful here. A revision of the Asian Gynacantha is badly needed." 171790,Gynacantha subinterrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,subinterrupta,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 171793,Phaenandrogomphus dingavani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phaenandrogomphus,dingavani,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 171795,Phaenandrogomphus tonkinicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phaenandrogomphus,tonkinicus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1926)", 171796,Sieboldius gigas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,gigas,,,,,"(Martin, 1904)","

The species was described from a single male from northern Viet Nam (Martin 1904) and has not been recorded subsequently. The original description is inadequate and unillustrated.

" 171799,Aethriamanta aethra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethriamanta,aethra,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 171800,Aethriamanta gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethriamanta,gracilis,,,,,"(Brauer, 1878)", 171801,Amphithemis kerri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Amphithemis,kerri,,,,,"Fraser, 1933","The species is known from one male and one female, taken at separate locations, so that some doubt as to the correct association of the sexes must remain." 171803,Physunio superbus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,superbus,,,,,"(Lea, 1843)","A. Bogan considers Physunio superbus as belonging to the Family Amblemidae (A. Bogan pers. comm. 2010)." 171805,Scabies phaselus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Scabies,phaselus,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","This species was originally described as Unio phaselus (Graf and Cummings 2007)." 171812,Boana tepuiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,tepuiana,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías, 2008)","This species was assigned to the Boana benitezi group in its original description (Barrio-Amorós and Brewer-Carias 2008), and encompasses all the eastern Guiana populations previously determined as B. benitezi. The only specimen of B. tepuiana included in phylogenetics studies, comes from Vila Pacaraima in Brazil (Faivovich et al. 2005, Sturaro et al. 2020), but was erroneously determined as B. benitezi (USNM 302435)." 171821,Sinomytilus harmandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Sinomytilus,harmandi,,,,,"(Rochebrune, 1881)", 171822,Sinomytilus morrisoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Sinomytilus,morrisoni,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 171823,Margaritifera laosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,laosensis,,,,,"Lea, 1863","
" 171827,Cristaria truncata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cristaria,truncata,,,,,"Ðang, 1980","This species was described from the Hanoi area and northern Viet Nam. It may be only a variety of Cristaria plicata but more work needs to be done." 171828,Cuneopsis demangei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cuneopsis,demangei,,,,,"Haas, 1929", 171843,Lamprotula crassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,crassa,,,,,"Wood, 1815","Simpson (1900) erected the genus Gibbosula with this species as the type species. Simpson (1914) also recognized Gibbosula crassa (Wood, 1815). Haas (1969) recognized Lamprotula crassa (Wood, 1815) placing Gibbosula as as junior synonym of Lamprotula and included Unio (Quadrula) mansuyi Dautzenberg and H. Fischer (1908) as a junior synonym. Thannh et al. (1980) used the combination Gibbosula crassa and also included U. mansuyi as a synonym." 171846,Lamprotula ponderosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,ponderosa,,,,,"Dautzenber & Fischer, 1905","Unio (Quadrula) leai var. ponderosa Dautzenber & H. Fischer, 1905 was erected as a variety of Lamprotula leai (Gray, 1834) and is not the same as Mya pondersoa Dellwyn, 1817 which is considered by Haas (1969) as a junior synonym of Lamprotula crassa (Wood, 1815). Dang et al. (1980) elevated the  variety to species status and considered it separate from L. leai. Although this assessment treats it as a valid species, it it likely that this is probably only a variety of L. leai.
" 171858,Oxynaia micheloti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Oxynaia,micheloti,,,,,"Morelet, 1886",


171859,Parreysia bhamoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,bhamoensis,,,,,"Theobald, 1874","
" 171865,Physunio cambodiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,cambodiensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","A. Bogan (pers. comm. 2010) considers P. cambodiensis as belonging to the Family Amblemidae." 171868,Physunio micropteroides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Physunio,micropteroides,,,,,"Annandale, 1918", 171874,Pilsbryoconcha exilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pilsbryoconcha,exilis,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)", 171879,Pseudodon cambodjensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,cambodjensis,,,,,"(Petit, 1865)"," This species was formerly known as Monocondylus subtrigonus (Sowerby, 1876), and is also synonymised with Pseudodon orbicularis (Haas 1969). This species is a race of Pseudodon cambodjensis, according to Brandt (1974)." 171883,Pseudodon resupinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,resupinatus,,,,,"von Martens, 1902", 171885,Pseudodon thomsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,thomsoni,,,,,"Morelet, 1884","Taxonomic placement and validity of this species is uncertain. Simpson (1914) recognized this species, but was not sure if it belonged in Pseudodon or in Hyriopsis. Brandt (1974) did not discuss the species. Haas (1969) overlooked the species." 171907,Novaculina siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SOLECURTIDAE,Novaculina,siamensis,,,,,"Morelet, 1889", 171910,Pharella waltoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,PHARIDAE,Pharella,waltoni,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 171925,Archon apollinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Archon,apollinus,,,,,"(Herbst, 1798)","Nazari & Sperling (2007) reported significant genetic divergence between populations of this species from Palestine and Turkey, suggesting that there might be more species in this complex than what was previously reported.At present, there are X subspecies recognised: the nominate subspecies apollinus; A. apollinus forsteri Koçak, 1977; A. a. nikodemusi Stüning & Wagener, 1989; A. a. drusicus de Freina & Leestmans, 2003;" 171926,Hipparchia azorina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,azorina,,,,,"(Strecker, 1898)","The taxonomy of the Azores-graylings is still under debate. At this moment only H. miguelensis is considered a separate species." 171932,Pseudobithynia renei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,renei,,,,,"(Letourneux, 1887) ", 171934,Daphniola louisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Daphniola,louisi,,,,,"Falnowski & Szarowska, 2000", 171935,Unio tumidiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,tumidiformis,,,,,"Castro, 1885 ","U. tumidiformis has been a neglected species in Spain and Portugal and replaces U. crassus in the southern Iberian Peninsula (Araujo in: Barea-Azcón 2008).
" 171936,Bithynia kobialkai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,kobialkai,,,,,"Glöer & Beckmann, 2007", 171938,Alzoniella iberopyrenaica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,iberopyrenaica,,,,,"Arconada, Rolán & Boeters, 2007","

Originally placed by Rolán (1993), as part of Alzoniella pyrenaica. The species has similar conchological characters, but differs anatomically in characters of the bursa copulatrix and the receptaculum (Arconada et al. 2007). 

" 171939,Pseudobithynia westerlundii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,westerlundii,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2006", 171940,Bythinella kosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,kosensis,,,,,"Schütt, 1980", 171942,Congeria kusceri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Congeria,kusceri,,,,,"Bole, 1962","Morton et al. (1998) reviewed the status of this genus, and noted that although many had considered the genus to be extinct, there was still one extant species in the cave systems in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia & Hercegovina. They regarded this species as a ‘living fossil’, as the species is a single representative of a genus that once had many species during Tertiary times." 171943,Stagnicola montenegrinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,montenegrinus,,,,,"Glöer & Pešič, 2009 ", 171945,Bithynia radomani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,radomani,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2007", 171946,Pseudobithynia gittenbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,gittenbergeri,,,,,"Glöer & Maassen, 2009", 171948,Bithynia majorcina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,majorcina,,,,,"Glöer & Rolán, 2007", 171952,Bythinella hansboetersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,hansboetersi,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2006", 171954,Bithynia cettinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,cettinensis,,,,,"Clessin, 1887","This species has not been redefined since originally collected by Clessin, until recent work by Gloer and Beran (2009) confirmed that the taxon differs from Bithynia tentaculata and Bithynia mostarensis." 171955,Bithynia nakeae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,nakeae,,,,,"Glöer & Beckmann, 2007","This species is recently described and separated from the widespread species, B. tentaculata. There may be more records for this species once older records of B. tentaculata are examined.
" 171956,Pseudobithynia hemmeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,hemmeni,,,,,"Glöer & Maassen, 2009", 171957,Bithynia skadarskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,skadarskii,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2007", 171958,Alzoniella marianae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,marianae,,,,,"Arconada, Rolán & Boeters, 2007", 171960,Bithynia majewskyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,majewskyi,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1862","Schutt (1988) suggested that it was not a valid species, but a synonym of B. tentaculata (Gloer & Maassen, 2009). Schutt (1988) designated a lectotype: 4.5 whorls, shell height 4.6 mm, shell width 3.1 mm, and identified this species as a juvenile of Bithynia tentaculata.

According to Gloer and Maassen (2009), Beriozkina et al. (1995: 36, Fig. 5a) illustrated Bithynia majewskyi from the Rostov Region with measurements: shell height 6.6 mm, width 4.6 mm, while Anistratenko and Stadnichenko (1995: 150) illustrated quite a different looking species with the measurements: shell height 5.3 mm and width 4.2 mm, whereas in their description they gave the measurements: shell height 4–4.5 mm, width 3–3.5 mm. Gloer and Maassen (2009) commented that the identity of the species used for their description of Bithynia majewskyi is questionable, as is their range description “Sicily, Balkan peninsula, shores of northern part of the Black and Azov seas and Caspian Sea”. In addition, Beriozkina et al. (1995: 35) mentioned Bythinia hellenica Kobelt, 1892 as a younger synonym of B. majewskyi, but the syntypes of B. hellenica, studied by Gloer (cited in Gloer and Maasse 2009), look distinct from B. majewskyi. If Schutt (1988) and Gloer and Maassen (2009) are correct, in their views that  B. majewskyi is a younger synonym of B. tentaculata, then Gloer and Maassen (2009) comment that the genus Paraelona has no type species and is not a valid genus name.  However at present it is still listed as a valid species pending further taxonomic research in the region." 171961,Bithynia prespensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,prespensis,,,,,"Hadžišče, 1963", 171962,Pseudobithynia falniowskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,falniowskii,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2006", 171963,Bithynia montenegrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,montenegrina,,,,,"(Wohlberedt, 1901)","Feher and Eross (2009) noted that this species was listed by Reischütz et al. (2008) for Albania, but they suggested that it may well be B. radomani rather than a distinct species. This requires further investigation." 171964,Bithynia quintanai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,quintanai,,,,,"Glöer & Beckmann, 2007", 171965,Bithynia zeta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,zeta,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2007", 171967,Bythinella lunzensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,lunzensis,,,,,"Boeters, 2008", 171968,Bithynia hambergerae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,hambergerae,,,,,"A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2008", 171972,Napaeus avaloensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,avaloensis,,,,,"Groh, 2006", 171973,Xerocrassa edmundi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,edmundi,,,,,"Martínez-Ortí, 2006", 171974,Canariella giustii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,giustii,,,,,"Ibáñez & Alonso, 2006", 171975,Napaeopsis mennoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeopsis,mennoi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 2008","The species has been recently described by Gittenberger (2008), based on 15 individuals." 171976,Monacha rizzae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,rizzae,,,,,"(Aradas, 1843)", 171977,Agardhiella extravaganta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,extravaganta,,,,,"Subai, 2008", 171978,Canariella pontelirae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,pontelirae,,,,,"Hutterer, 1994", 171979,Platyla talentii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,talentii,,,,,"Bodon & Cianfanelli, 2008","According to AnimalBase Project Group (2010), Bodon and Cianfanelli (2008) published a very accurate study, but unfortunately missed to analyse the degree of variation in the thickness of the cervical callus in the south of Italy and Dalmatia. It seems that some Croatian specimens of P. elisabethae have a broader cervical callus, like the Italian population." 171980,Napaeus barquini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,barquini,,,,,"Alonso & Ibáñez, 2006", 171981,Napaeus maculatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,maculatus,,,,,"Goodacre, 2006", 171982,Hemicycla melchori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,melchori,,,,,"R. Vega-Luz & R. Vega-Luz, 2008","According to the pictures and description, this species appears to be very similar to H. modesta. However, this species is described from a locality far away, but also on the island of Tenerife. This case requires additional investigation." 171983,Vertigo ultimathule,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,ultimathule,,,,,"von Proschwitz, 2007",This is a recently described species (von Proschwitz 2007). 171984,Napaeus lichenicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,lichenicola,,,,,"Alonso & Ibáñez, 2007",


171985,Agardhiella skipetarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,skipetarica,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","Fauna Europaea refers to the subspecies Agardhiella truncatella skipetarica (Subai, 2008), but meanwhile, the subspecies is considered to a species in its own rights Subai (in press)." 171987,Oestophora mariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,mariae,,,,,"Ruiz, Arrebola & Puente, 2009","

This species has been recently described by Ruiz et al. (2009). According to these authors, the main feature characterizing the shell of O. mariae is the relation between the umbilicus and the shell diameter (1/8), the smallest in the Oestophora Iberian group in common with O. granesae (Arrébola 1998). Considering this, even the presence of the palatal tooth and the slight enlargement of the basal edge, are not comparable with the teeth of O. barbula (nor with the tooth of O. barbella), the only Iberian Oestopohora species with this kind of modifications on the aperture. Small morphological differences (including the relation umbilicus/shell diameter aforementioned) and biogeographical issues also distinguish this species from other North African's Oestophora. However, further studies (molecular, anatomical, etc.) must confirm the identity of all of them.

" 171988,Xerocrassa ferreri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,ferreri,,,,,"(S.H.F. Jaeckel, 1952)","The specimens of this species living in the Insel Pobre (Cabrera Archipelago) have been classified as a different subspecies (Xerocrassa ferreri pobrensis Gasull 1964). The other subpopulations belong to the nominal subspecies." 171996,Agardhiella macrodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,macrodonta,,,,,"(P. Hesse, 1916)", 172000,Truncatellina cameroni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,cameroni,,,,,"Triantis & Pokryszko, 2004",See Triantis et al. (2004). 172001,Oestophora prietoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,prietoi,,,,,"Ruiz, Arrebola & Puente, 2009","This species has been described by Ruiz, Arrébola y Puente (2009). According to these authors, O. calpeana, O. dorotheae and O. prietoi, the three Oestophora species with keeled shells cited in the Iberian Peninsula, can be differentiated as follow: 
- The shell periphery has a pronounced, acute/sharp and upward-reflected keel with a sinus inside. The 6 1/2 to 7 whorls are convex except the last two that are flatted. The diameter is 13 to 17 mm (data according to Ortiz de Zárate, 1962)........................................................... O. dorotheae

- The shell periphery has a pronounced, acute/sharp (not reflected) keel and lacks an internal sinus. The 6 3/4 to 7 whorls are convex except the last two that are practically flatted. The aperture is clearly wider than tall. The diameter is 10.4 to 11.4 mm...........................................O. calpeana

- The shell periphery has a clear and more or less blunt keel with neither reflection nor sinus inside. All the 5 1/2 - 6 1/4 whorls are convex. The aperture is semilunar shaped and a little wider than tall. The diameter is 9.5 to 13 mm.....……........................................…..…….. O. prietoi" 172004,Napaeus procerus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,procerus,,,,,"Emerson, 2006", 172005,Schileykiella bodoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Schileykiella,bodoni,,,,,"Cianfanelli, Manganelli & Giusti, 2004", 172006,Agardhiella zoltanorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,zoltanorum,,,,,"Subai, 2008", 172010,Napaeus voggenreiteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,voggenreiteri,,,,,"Hutterer, 2006", 172011,Canariella jandiaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,jandiaensis,,,,,"Ibáñez & Ponte-Lira, 2006", 172012,Cattania ardica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,ardica,,,,,"Dedov & Subai, 2006",It is a recently described species. 172030,Gasullia zapateri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Gasullia,zapateri,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1870)","This species was described by Arrébola et al. (2006) as Hatumia pseudogasulli. Martinez-Ortí et al. (2008) concluded that Helix zapateri Hidalgo, 1970 must be considered as a valid species and affiliated to Hatumia with H. pseudogasulli being a junior synonym of H. zapateri." 172032,Pontobelgrandiella bachkovoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,bachkovoensis,,,,,"(Glöer & Georgiev, 2009)", 172033,Pontobelgrandiella dobrostanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,dobrostanica,,,,,"(Glöer & Georgiev, 2009)", 172034,Pontobelgrandiella zagoraensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pontobelgrandiella,zagoraensis,,,,,"(Glöer & Georgiev, 2009)", 172035,Bythinella gloeeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,gloeeri,,,,,"Georgiev, 2009", 172036,Bythinella walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,walkeri,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2009", 172037,Grossuana angeltsekovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Grossuana,angeltsekovi,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2009", 172038,Grossuana thracica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Grossuana,thracica,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2009", 172039,Bythinella markovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,markovi,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2009", 172041,Radomaniola rhodopensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,rhodopensis,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2009", 172310,Pachypterus khavalchor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Pachypterus,khavalchor,,,,,"(Kulkarni, 1952)","Neotropius khavalchor was described by Kulkarni (1952) from Krishna River, near Islampur, Satara District and Panchaganga River, near Kolhapur, Maharashtra India." 172311,Garra joshuai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,joshuai,,,,,"(Silas, 1954)","Horalabiosa joshuai was first described by Silas (1953) from the rainforest streams of Tambraparni River, Singampatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) placed it under Garra lamta. The taxonomic identity was in question until it was revalidated by Devi (1992)." 172315,Nemacheilus rueppelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,rueppelli,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Nemacheilus rueppelli was originally described as Cobitis rupelli (note that the species name is different but it could be a spelling mistake because the author has named this species after Rüppell) by Sykes (1839) from Bhima and Mula-Mutha rivers of Pune, Maharashtra, India. The generic status is often debated. Day (1878) considered the genus Nemachilichthys, which is followed by Jayaram (1999), while Banarescu and Nalbant (1968) considered the genus Noemacheilus, which is followed by Menon (1987, 1999). Talwar and Jhingran (1991) considered the genus Nemacheilus, which is currently valid.

Nemachilichthys shimogensis (Rao 1920) was synonymized with Nemacheilus rueppelli by several workers (Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Jayaram 1999, Menon 1999). However, Banarescu and Nalbant (1968) have suggested that the two species are separate and while N. rueppelli is restricted to the tributaries of Krishna River in northern Western Ghats, N. shimogensis is restricted to Tungabhadra and its head waters. Currently, Froese and Pauly (2010) and Eschmeyer and Fricke (2010) consider the two species distinct." 172317,Hypselobarbus dobsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,dobsoni,,,,,"(Day, 1876)","

Hypselobarbus dobsoni was described by Day (1876) from Deccan.

" 172318,Laubuka dadiburjori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,dadiburjori,,,,,"Menon, 1952","Laubuka dadiburjori was described by Menon (1952) from Cochin, Kerala, India." 172319,Nemachilichthys shimogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemachilichthys,shimogensis,,,,,"Narayan Rao, 1920","Nemachilichthys shimogensis was described by Rao (1920) from Tunga River, Shimoga, Karnataka. There is an ambiguity regarding the taxonomic validity of this species. Menon (1987, 1999) and Talwar and Jhingran (1991) synonymised the species with Nemchilichthys ruppelii (Sykes 1841). However, Banarescu and Nalbant (1995) treated the species as seperately as N. shimogensis.  " 172320,Travancoria elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Travancoria,elongata,,,,,"Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 1994","Travancoria elongata was described by Pethiyagoda and Kottelat (1994) from Vettilapara, 26 km upstream of Chalakkudy town, Kerala, southern India.
" 172323,Devario fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,fraseri,,,,,"(Hora, 1935)","Devario fraseri was first desribed by Hora and Mukerji (1935) from the Waldevi and Darna rivers, Deolali, Nasik District in Maharashtra, India." 172324,Mystus keletius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,keletius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","

Mystus keletius was described as Bagrus keletius by Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1840) from Pondicherry, India. Ng (2002) suggested that M. keletius was a synonym of either M. armatus or M. vittatus, while Ferraris (2007) considered M. keletius as a synonym of M. vittatus. Since M. keletius is only known only from its lectotype the species is open to question (R. Pethiyagoda pers. comm. 2010).

" 172325,Puntius amphibius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,amphibius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","Puntius amphibius was described by Valenciennes (1842) as Capoeta amphibia from Bombay Presidency, India. Identity of this species is still in question. Although recent ichthyological literature mentions that this species is widely distributed throughout peninsular India up to Rajasthan and Orissa (Jayaram 2010). None of the recent collections from the vicinity of the type locality (Bombay Presidency/Mumbai), from west-flowing rivers of Raigad, Koyana and other tributaries of Krishna from Maharashtra match with the description of the lectotype (Katwateet al. 2012; Jadhav et al. 2011; Kharat et al. 2012). There is hence an urgent need to resolve the taxonomic status of this species and validate earlier records across the Western Ghats." 172327,Nemacheilus monilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,monilis,,,,,"Hora, 1921","Nemacheilus monilis was described by Hora (1921) from Bhavani River, Mettupalayam (Nilgiris), Tamil Nadu." 172328,Channa marulius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,marulius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Ophiocephalus marulius from river Ganges, which is now placed in the genus Channa. The group has been studied recently by Li et al. (2006). As presently understood, Channa marulius is a species complex and further taxonomic work is required.
" 17233,Phylolestes ethelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Phylolestes,ethelae,,,,,"Christiansen, 1948", 172330,Parapsilorhynchus discophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Parapsilorhynchus,discophorus,,,,,"Hora, 1921","Parapsilorhynchus discophorus was described by Hora (1921) from Pophli in the Vashishti valley, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. Menon (1999) considered this species as a synonym of Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus following Hora (1925). However, this synonymy is invalid because P. discophorus is distinctly different from P. tentaculatus (Yazdani and Rao 1977, Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Jayaram 1999)." 172332,Clarias dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,dussumieri,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 172335,Heteropneustes longipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HETEROPNEUSTIDAE,Heteropneustes,longipectoralis,,,,,"Rema Devi & Raghunathan, 1999","Heteropneustes longipectoralis was described by Rema Devi and Raghunathan (1999) Thirumurthi Dam, Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Ferraris (2007) considers this species as 'species inquirenda' (species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation)." 172336,Osteobrama neilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteobrama,neilli,,,,,"(Day, 1873)","Osteobrama neilli was described by Day (1873) from Bhavani River at the base of the Nilgiri Hills." 172338,Homaloptera montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,montana,,,,,"Herre, 1945","Homaloptera montana was first described by Herre (1941) from a brook flowing through the Puthuthottam estate in Valparai, Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India." 172339,Salmostoma horai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,horai,,,,,"(Silas, 1951)", 172340,Lepidocephalichthys coromandelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,coromandelensis,,,,,"(Menon, 1992)","This species was described by Menon (1992) from Araku Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India." 172341,Batasio sharavatiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,sharavatiensis,,,,,"Bhatt & Jayaram, 2004","Batasio sharavatiensis was described by Bhat and Jayaram (2004) from Joginmatha, 1 km upstream of the Jog Falls in the west flowing Sharavati River, Karnataka. Arunachalam and Muralidharan (2007) reported a range extension of this species from the east flowing river Tunga. However, a comparison of their morphometric data and the photograph raises a doubt whether their specimens are conspecific with B. sharavatiensis sensu stricto. Until further taxonomic studies, including molecular methods, are available the report from Tunga is not considered for the assessment." 172342,Salmostoma belachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,belachi,,,,,"Jayaraj, Krishna Rao, Ravichandra Reddy, Shakuntala & Devaraj, 1999","Salmophasia belachi was originally described as Salmostoma belachi by Jayaraj et al. (1999) from Nelligudda reservoir, southern India." 172344,Rasbora labiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,labiosa,,,,,"Mukerji, 1935","Rasbora labiosa Mukerji, 1935 was first described  from Darna river in upper Godavari river basin, Deolali, Nasik District, Maharashtra State, India (Hora and Mukerji 1935). The species is valid as Parluciosoma labiosa in Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Menon (1999), while it is valid as Rasbora labiosa in Jayaram (1999)." 172345,Puntius deccanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,deccanensis,,,,,"Yazdani & Babu Rao, 1976","

Puntius deccanensis was described by Yazdani and Rao (1976) from Nalla near Katraj Tank, Pune, Maharashtra, India.



" 172346,Nemacheilus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,pulchellus,,,,,"Day, 1873","Nemacheilus pulchellus is described by Day 1873 from the Bhavani River at the base of the Nilgiris (India). In recent publications it has also placed in the genus Mesonemacheilus (e.g., Rema Devi and Indra 2002, Shaji 2002)." 172347,Nemacheilus anguilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,anguilla,,,,,"Annandale, 1919","Nemacheilus anguilla was described by Annandale (1919) from Yenna River at Medha, Satara District, Maharashtra (Bombay Mumbai Presidency), India." 172348,Crossocheilus periyarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,periyarensis,,,,,"Menon & Jacob, 1996","Crossocheilus periyarensis was described by Menon and Jacob (1996) from the upper reaches of the Periyar River at Thanikkudy, Kerala, India." 172349,Nemacheilus menoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,menoni,,,,,"Zacharias & Minimol, 1999",Nemacheilus menoni was described from Mlappara in the upper reaches of the Periyar River by Zacharias and Minimol (1999). 172350,Garra menoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,menoni,,,,,"Rema Devi & Indra, 1984","Garra menoni was first described by Remadevi and Indra (1981) from Walakkad in the upper reaches of Bharatapuzha River (Kunthi tributary) inside the Silent Valley National Park (Easa and Basha 1995)." 172351,Hypselobarbus periyarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,periyarensis,,,,,"(Raj, 1941)","Hypselobarbus periyarensis was described by Raj (1941) from Periyar Lake, Kerala, India" 172352,Pristolepis marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Pristolepis,marginata,,,,,"Jerdon, 1849", 172353,Homaloptera santhamparaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,santhamparaiensis,,,,,"Arunachalam, Johnson & Rema Devi, 2002","Homaloptera santhamparaiensis was described by Arunachalam et al (2002) from Panniyar stream of River Periyar, Idukki District, Kerala, India." 172354,Osteochilichthys thomassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilichthys,thomassi,,,,,"(Day, 1877)","Originally described as Scaphiodon thomassi by Day (1877) from South Canara (now southwestern Karnataka), India. Hora (1942) revised the generic status of the fish and considered it as Osteochilus (Osteochilichthys) thomassi. Pethiyagoda and Kottelat (1994) and Jayaram (2010) consider this species as Osteochilichthys thomassi, while Menon (1999) has synonymized the species to Cyprinion nashii (Menon 1999). The correct taxonomic status of this species is Osteochilichthys thomassi." 172356,Eutropiichthys goongwaree,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Eutropiichthys,goongwaree,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Eutropiichthys goongwaree was originally described as Hypophthalmus goongwaree by Sykes (1839) from Mola Mota (Mula-Mutha) rivers of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Generic status of this fish has often been debated. Jerdon (1849) considered this species as Bagrus goongvaree (a wrong spelling for goongwaree), while Günther (1864) and Day (1877) considered this species to be valid as Pseudeutropius goonguaree. Generic status of the fish was revised by Hora (1937) to Eutropiichthys and subsequent workers (Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Jayaram 1999, Menon 1999) have adapted the same. Recently, Ferraris and Vari (2007) objected to the generic status given by Hora (1837) based on the figure of this fish given by Sykes (1841). However, they have not considered the text given by Sykes (1841) where he has clearly stated that the species is remarkably similar to Pimelodus vacha which is considered as Eutropiichthys vacha by Ferraris and Vari (2007). Ferraris (2007) suspected that Eutropiichthys goongwaree is more likely a species of Proeutropiichthys. Chakrabarty and Ng (2005) have suggested that BMNH 1857.6.13.158 could be the type specimen of Eutropiichthys goongwaree and further study might reveal proper taxonomic status of this species.

Currently the species is considered valid as Eutropiichthys goongwaree." 172358,Horabagrus nigricollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Horabagrus,nigricollaris,,,,,"Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 1994","Horabagrus nigricollaris was described by Pethiyagoda and Kottelatt (1994) from Vettilapara on the Chalakudy River, 26 km upstream of Chalakudy Town, Kerala, India." 172362,Pangio goaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,goaensis,,,,,"(Tilak, 1972)","Pangio goaensis was described by Tilak (1972) from the Mollem River on the banks of Colem, Goa, India. This widespread species is likely to be a complex and further taxonomic studies, preferably involving molecular techniques, are essential." 172364,Hemibagrus maydelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,maydelli,,,,,"(Rössel, 1964)","Hemibagrus maydelli was described as Mystus maydelli by Roessel (1964) from Bhima River at Wadgaon, Maharashtra, India. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Menon (1999) considered Hemibagrus maydelli as a synonym of Mystus malabaricus, while Jayaram (2003) considered the species valid but thought that it could be a juvenile of another species Mystus krishnensis described by Ramakrishniah (1988) from Nagarjunasagar reservoir, Andhra Pradesh, India. In a review on Hemibagrus, Ng and Ferraris (2000) changed the status of this fish to Hemibagrus maydelli and considered Mystus krishnensis as a synonym, which is now considered as valid (Ferraris 2007)." 172365,Puntius mahecola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,mahecola,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)","Puntius mahecola was described by Valenciennes (1844) from Mahe, Kerala, India." 172366,Salmostoma untrahi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,untrahi,,,,,"(Day, 1869)","Salmophasia untrahi was originally described as Chela untrahi by Day (1869) from Mahanuddi (Mahanadi), Orissa, India." 172369,Garra kalakadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,kalakadensis,,,,,"Rema Devi, 1993","Garra kalakadensis was described by Rema Devi (1993) from Pachaiyar, east of Sengaltheri, Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu." 172370,Nemacheilus denisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,denisoni,,,,,"Day, 1867","Nemacheilus denisoni is described by Day in 1867 from the Bhavani River at the base of the Nilgiris. Described under the genus Noemacheilus and now referred to as Schistura. Schistura denisoni has several subspecies like S. d.denisoni, S. d. dayi, S. d. mukambbikaensis and S. d. pambaensis (Menon 1987)." 172372,Labeo porcellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,porcellus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1844)","Labeo porcellus was originally described as Tylognathus porcellus by Heckel (1844) from Bombay presidency (this should not be treated as Bombay, now Mumbai, since at that time even Pune and Nashik were also in Bombay presidency). Beavan (1877) changed the generic status of the fish to Labeo.
Synonymy of Labeo porcellus lankae with Labeo porcellus needs to be confirmed (Menon 1999)." 172373,Rohtee ogilbii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Rohtee,ogilbii,,,,,"Sykes, 1839","Rohtee ogilbii was described by Sykes (1839) from Bhima river at Pairgaon, near Pune, Maharashtra, India. There was a debate over the generic status of this species. Heckel (1843) designated a new genus Osteobrama and and changed the status of Rohtee ogilbii to Osteobrama ogilbii. The status of the fish was changed to Systomus ogilbii by Bleeker (1853). Hora (1937) changed the generic status of the fish to Mystacoleucus, however, Smith (1945) objected to this change. Currently, Rohtee ogilbii is placed in a monotypic genera Rohtee, which is restricted to the peninsular India (Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Jayaram 1999, Menon 1999)." 172375,Rita gogra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Rita,gogra,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Rita gogra was described as Phractocephalus gogra by Sykes (1839) from Bhima and Mula-Mutha rivers of Pune, Maharashtra, India. Subsequently Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1840) described Arius pavimentatus and Day (1867) described Gogrius sykesii both of which are now synonymized with Rita gogra (Jayaram 1966, Ferraris 2007). Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Menon (1999) incorrectly treated Phractocephalus gogra and Gogrius sykesii as synonyms of Rita pavimentatus." 172377,Schistura dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,dayi,,,,,"(Hora, 1935)","Schistura dayi was originally described by Hora (1935) as Nemachilus dayi, from Raniganj, Chota Nagpur, Jharkhand, India. Menon (1987) synonymised the species with Nemacheilus denisoni but considered it as a valid subspecies N. denisoni dayi. However, Banarescu and Nalbant (1995) considered this species valid as Schistura dayi. Nevertheless, Jayaram (2010) considers this species as Schistura denisoni dayi.

" 172378,Glyptothorax madraspatanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,madraspatanus,,,,,"(Day, 1873)","Glyptothorax madraspatanus was described as Glyptosternum madraspatanum by Day (1873) from Bhavani River, Nilgiris, India. Record of this species from Mula-Mutha rivers of Pune (Kharat et al. 2003) are wrong as their specimen do not match with the type specimens (ZSI Kolkata F1235 and F1313) (N. Dahanuker, pers. obs.) and is likely to be an hitherto undescribed species. It is therefore likely that the other records of this species from Mula-Mutha river (Suter 1944, Tonapi and Mulherkar 1963, Wagh and Ghate 2003) are also wrong. Since this species is habitat specialist, it is likely to be restricted in distribution and its reports from river systems other than Cauvery need to be validated. There is an urgent need to delimit the distribution of the species preferably by molecular methods." 172379,Puntius cauveriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,cauveriensis,,,,,"(Hora, 1937)","Puntius cauveriensis was described by Hora (1937) from the Cauvery River at Coorg." 172380,Puntius parrah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,parrah,,,,,"Day, 1865","Puntius parrah was described by Day (1865) from ""inundated paddy fields from Cochin"". The current occurrence of the species is known from west-flowing rivers of Kerala, India. There is a need to validate the records of P. parrah from east-flowing rivers like Cauvery in Karnataka (Jayaram, 1991) and Dharna river, Deolali (tributary of Godavari) in Maharashtra. Recent records of P. parrah from Chalakuddy, Muvattupuzha river, Periyar river by Beevi and Ramachandran (2009) and from Karivanoor river, by, Krishnakumar et al. (2011) are considered valid as it is within the vicinity of the type locality." 172381,Puntius ambassis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,ambassis,,,,,"(Day, 1869)","Puntius ambassis was originally described as Barbus ambassis by Day (1869) from Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh) and Arcot (Tamil Nadu), India. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Jayaram (1991, 1999) considered this species as a synonym of Puntius guganio. However, Menon (1999) separated the species from the synonymy and restricted the southern Indian populations to P. ambassis and the northern Indian populations to P. guganio.  Jayaram (2010) considers this species as a synonym of P. guganio." 172384,Hypselobarbus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,dubius,,,,,"(Day, 1867)","Hypselobarbus dubius was described by Day (1867) from Bhavani River at the base of Nilgiri hills, India." 172385,Puntius arenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,arenatus,,,,,"(Day, 1878)","Puntius arenatus was originally described as Barbus arenatus by Day (1878) from Madras Presidency, India. While the species is considered valid by Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Jayaram (1991, 1999) the species was synonymized to Puntius melanostigma by Menon (1999).  Jayaram (2010) treats this as a separate species." 172388,Homaloptera pillaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,pillaii,,,,,"Indra & Rema Devi, 1981","Homaloptera pillaii was described from the Kunthi tributary of Bharatapuzha River inside the Silent Valley National Park by Indra and Remadevi (1981)." 17239,Physella natricina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,natricina,,,,,"Taylor, 1988", 172390,Bhavania australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Bhavania,australis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","

Jerdon described Platycara australis from Walliar, Nilgiris in 1849. Homaloptera maculata and Homaloptera brucei Day, 1877, Bhavania annandalei Hora, 1920 were synonymised with Bhavania australis. Hora placed this species in the genus Bhavania. Now Bhavania australis is the valid species (Menon 1987).


" 172392,Batasio travancoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,travancoria,,,,,"Hora & Law, 1941","

Batasio travancoria was described from Perunteraruvi, tributary of Pamba river, Kerala by Hora and Law (1941). Record of the species from Coorg, Karnataka does not provide exact locality of collection (Raghunathan 1989) and needs to be verified.

" 172394,Puntius sahyadriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,sahyadriensis,,,,,"Silas, 1953","Puntius sahyadriensis was described by Silas (1953) from Yenna river, Mahabalehwar, Satara district, Maharashtra, India." 172395,Aplocheilus blockii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Aplocheilus,blockii,,,,,"Arnold, 1911","Aplocheilus blockii was described by Arnold (1911) from Sri Lanka." 172397,Nemacheilus nilgiriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,nilgiriensis,,,,,"Menon, 1987","Described by Menon in 1987 from the Pykara Dam, Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, India." 172399,Monopterus eapeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,eapeni,,,,,"Talwar, 1991","

Monopterus eapeni was described by Eapen (1963) as Monopterus indicus from Kottayam district, Kerala, India. 

" 17240,Physella microstriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,microstriata,,,,,"(Chamberlain & E.G. Berry, 1930)", 172400,Barilius canarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,canarensis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Barilius canarensis was described by Jerdon (1849) from erstwhile Canara, southern India." 172402,Horaglanis alikunhii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Horaglanis,alikunhii,,,,,"Subhash Babu & Nayar, 2004","Horaglanis alikunhii was described by Babu and Nayar (2004) from Parappukkara, Thrissur District, Kerala, India. It is currently known only from a single specimen." 172403,Glyptothorax anamalaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,anamalaiensis,,,,,"Silas, 1952","Glyptothorax anamalaiensis was described by Silas (1952) from a mountain stream flowing through the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India." 172405,Barilius evezardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,evezardi,,,,,"Day, 1872","Barilius evezardi was described by Day (1872) from Pune, Maharashtra state, India." 172406,Mesonoemacheilus pambarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Mesonoemacheilus,pambarensis,,,,,"(Rema Devi & Indra, 1994)","

Mesonoemacheilus pamabarensis was described by Rema Devi and Indra (1994) from Pambar River in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India.

" 172407,Labeo kontius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,kontius,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","

Jerdon 1839 described Labeo kontius from river Cauvery and its tributaries. He later placed this species in the genus Cyprinus.

" 172408,Oryzias melastigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,melastigma,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)","Oryzias melastigma was described as Aplocheilus melastigmus by McClelland (1839) from  Calcutta, India. Although the species was considered as valid by earlier workers (Menon 1999) recent taxonomic reviews (Parenti 2008, Magtoon and Termvidchakorn 2009, Kottelat 2013) have considered this species as either a synonym of Oryzias carnaticus or Oryzias dancena or both. The taxonomy of this species is therefore in question." 172409,Labeo boggut,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,boggut,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Labeo boggut was originally described as Chondrostoma boggut by Sykes (1839) from Deccan plateau of India (probably near Pune but the type locality is not given). Günther (1868) described Tylognathus striolatus from Pune. Day (1878) synonymized Tylognathus striolatus with Chondrostoma boggut and changed the generic status of the fish to Labeo." 17241,Physella spelunca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,spelunca,,,,,"Turner & Clench, 1974", 172412,Glyptothorax trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,trewavasae,,,,,"Hora, 1938","Glyptothorax trewavasae was described by Hora (1938) from Koyna valley and Yenna valley in Maharshtra and Shimoga in Karnataka." 172414,Glyptothorax housei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,housei,,,,,"Herre, 1942","The species was decribed as Glyptothorax housei by Herre (1942) from Puthuthottam Estate, Valparai, Tamil Nadu." 172415,Ambassis dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,dussumieri,,,,,"Cuvier, 1828","Ambassis dussumieri Cuvier was described from Malabar, India (Cuvier and Valenciennes 1828). Although two species, A. bleekeri (from Indonessia) and A. denticulata (from Egypt) are placed under the synonymy of A. dussumieri, it is highly unlikely that these are conspecific. Further taxonomic studies, preferably involving molecular techniques, are essential." 172417,Mesonoemacheilus remadevii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Mesonoemacheilus,remadevii,,,,,"Shaji, 2002","Mesonoemacheilus remadevii was first described by Shaji (2002) from Poochippara, Kunthi tributary of Bharatapuzha River in Silent Valley, Kerala, India." 17242,Physella utahensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,utahensis,,,,,"Clench, 1925", 172420,Rita kuturnee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Rita,kuturnee,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Rita kuturnee was described as Phractocephalus kuturnee by Sykes (1839) from Bhima River, Maharashtra. Subsequently, Valenciennes described Arius hastatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes 1840), which is now considered as a synonym of Rita kuturnee (Jayaram 1966, Ferraris 2007)." 172421,Osteobrama bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteobrama,bakeri,,,,,"(Day, 1873)","Osteobrama bakeri was first described by Day (1873) from Mundakayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India." 172422,Osteochilus longidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,longidorsalis,,,,,"(Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 1994)","Osteochilus longidorsalis was first described from Vettilapara in Chalakudy River, Kerala, India (Pethiyagoda and Kottelat 1994)." 172423,Salmostoma balookee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,balookee,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Salmophasia balookee is a replacement name for Salmophasia clupeoides (Kottelat 1996). Bloch (1795) described Cyprinus clupeoides from India, but the name is a junior primary homonym of Cyprinus clupeoides described by Pallas (1776). As a result, Kottelat (1996) suggested replacement name for Cyprinus clupeoides Bloch and used the next junior synonym of the species which is Chela balookee described by Sykes (1839) from Deccan plateau of India." 172424,Labeo dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,dussumieri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","Labeo dussumieri was originally described by Valenciennes (1842) from Alleppey (Kerala, India)." 172425,Oryzias setnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,setnai,,,,,"(Kulkarni, 1940)","Oryzias setnai was described as Horaichthys setnai by Kulkarni (1940) from Navlaki, Kathiawar coast, north and south of Bombay, India." 172429,Barbodes wynaadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,wynaadensis,,,,,"(Day, 1873)","The correct species name should be Neolissochilus wynaadensis following Ali et al. (2014). This species was described as Barbus wynaadensis by Day (1873)." 17243,Physella zionis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,zionis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1926", 172430,Hemibagrus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,punctatus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Hemibagrus punctatus was described by Jerdon (1849) from Cauvery River and its principal tributaries in southern India." 172434,Nemacheilus triangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,triangularis,,,,,"Day, 1865","Nemacheilus triangularis was described by Day in 1865.  The subspecies designated as N. triangularis tambarapaniensis Menon, 1987 from Tambaraparani River may be a distinct species.  Presently it is synonymised under this species (Menon 1987, M. Arunachalam pers. com.)." 172435,Devario neilgherriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,neilgherriensis,,,,,"(Day, 1867)","

Day described Paradanio neilgherriensis from Neilgherry hills in 1867 and he placed in the genus Paradanio. Later in 1878 he placed this species in the genus Danio. The scientific name was recently changed from Danio neilgherriensis to Devario neilgherriensis by Fang Fang Kullander in the doctoral dissertation ""Phylogeny and Species Diversity of the South and Southeast Asian Cyprinid Genus Danio Hamilton (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)."" in 2001.

" 172437,Homaloptera menoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,menoni,,,,,"Shaji & Easa, 1995","Homaloptera menoni was described by Shaji and Easa (1995) from Indekkuthodu, a tributary of River Bhavani at Siruvani, Kerala, India." 172438,Travancoria jonesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Travancoria,jonesi,,,,,"Hora, 1941","Travancoria jonesi was first described by Hora (1941) from a mountain stream in Pampadumpara, Peeramedu, Kerala, India." 172439,Rasbora caverii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,caverii,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Rasbora caverii was originally described as Leuciscus caverii by Jerdon (1849) from Kaveri River at Srirangapattana, India." 172442,Nemacheilus semiarmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,semiarmatus,,,,,"Day, 1867","Nemacheilus semiarmatus was described by Day (1867) from Bhavani River at the base of the Nilgiri hills, India. Also listed as Schistura." 172444,Nemacheilus kodaguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,kodaguensis,,,,,"Menon, 1987","Nemacheilus kodaguensis was described by Menon (1987) from Kootu Hole, near Madikeri, (Cauvery basin), Karnataka, India. Should also be listed as Schistura kodaguensis." 172446,Hypselobarbus mussullah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,mussullah,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","

Sykes (1839) described Barbus mussullah from Ghod river, Sirur, Pune District. Maharashtra, India. There has been considerable debate on the generic status of the species. This species has been treated as Tor mussullah by Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Jayaram (1997, 2005, 2010) following the discussions given in Hora (1943). Menon (1992, 1999), however suggested that the species considered as Tor mussullah by Hora (1943) is same as Tor khudree and he placed T. mussullah under genus Hypselobarbus following Rainboth (1989). However, both the original suggestion of the genus Hypselobarbus by Bleeker (1860), with Barbus mussullah as its type species, and resurrection of the resurrection of genus Hypselobarbus by Rainboth (1989) is based on the illustration by Sykes (1839) and not by examining specimens.

Suggestions made by Hora (1943) that the species should be called Tor mussullah seems more valid as the species called as 'musunda' in the type locality of Barbus mussullah and neighbouring areas is indeed a Tor species (Neelesh Dahanukar pers. obs.).  



" 172448,Nemacheilus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,guentheri,,,,,"Day, 1867","Nemacheilus guentheri was described by Day (1867) from the rapids on the slopes of Neilgherry (Nilgiri) hills, South India. Listed as Mesonemacheilus guentheri." 172451,Esomus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,barbatus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","This species was described by Jerdon 1839. According to Menon (1999) this is a synonym of E. thermoicos. However, Jayaram (1999; 2010) treated it as a distinct species." 172452,Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilichthys,brevidorsalis,,,,,"(Day, 1873)","Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis was originally described as Semiplotus brevidorsalis by Day (1873) from rivers below Neilgherry (Nilgiri) Hills, Western Ghats, India." 172453,Osteochilus nashii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,nashii,,,,,"(Day, 1869)","Osteochilus nashii was described by Day (1869) from Fraserpet River, at the base of Coorg hills, Karnataka, India as Barbus nashii. The generic status of this species has often been debated. In later years Day (1877) himself consider this species as Scaphiodon nashii while Hora (1942), and subsequently Talwar and Jhingran (1991), treated this species as Osteochilus (Osteochilichthys) nashii. Jayaram (1999) considered this species as Osteochilichthys nashii and the species appears as Cyprinion nashii in Menon (1999). Currently the species is valid as Osteochilus nashii.

Menon (1999) considered another species Osteochilus godavarensis as a synonym of Osteochilus nashii without giving any reason and currently this synonymy is considered as valid. However, the two species are remarkably different as the former has two pairs of barbels while the later is completely devoid of barbels (Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Jayaram 1999) and there are several other major differences as well (N. Dahanukar pers. obs.)." 172454,Mystus oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,oculatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","Mystus oculatus was described by Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1840) from erstwhile Malabar (Kerala)." 172455,Garra palaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,palaniensis,,,,,"(Rema Devi & Menon, 1994)","Horalabiosa palaniensisis was described by Rema Devi and Menon (1994) from Palani Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. " 172457,Tor malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,malabaricus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","

The Malabar mahseer, Tor malabaricus, was described by the British zoologist, T.C Jerdon in 1849 (Jerdon 1849) from the mountain streams of Malabar (an erstwhile province of Southern India; currently in the northern part of Kerala State), India. The species had a confusing taxonomy, as some authors considered it a synonym of the Deccan mahseer, T. khudree (Menon 1992; 1999), while others believed it to be a valid sub species, T. khudree malabaricus (Indra 1993). Tor malabaricus can be easily identified from its congeners in having a lesser number of lateral line scales (23-24), and a body with a pale brown colour on its upper half, silver on its lower half and reddish fins (Jerdon 1849). 

" 172458,Hyporhamphus xanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,xanthopterus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","Hyporhamphus xanthopterus was originally described by Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1847) from Fresh waters of Alleppey (now Alappuzha), southeastern India. It was rediscovered by Kurup and Samuel (1980) and Collette (1981) from Vembanad Lake in Kerala." 172460,Ompok malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,malabaricus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 172461,Puntius crescentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,crescentus,,,,,"Yazdani & Singh, 1994","Puntius crescentus was described by Yazdani and Singh (1994) from Kali Nadi at Sunkeri, Karnataka, India. There is a need to establish the precise taxonomic status of the species as is has several characters similar to another species P. vittatus." 172462,Nemacheilus periyarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,periyarensis,,,,,"Madhusoodana Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2005","Nemacheilus periyarensis was first described from Thannikudy in the upper reaches of the Periyar River by Kurup and Radhakrishnan (2005). This species is known to show close resemblance to N. pulchellus in its colouration and body characteristics, but is distinguished from the latter by the presence of nine branched rays in the dorsal fin against 10." 172463,Puntius fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,fraseri,,,,,"(Hora & Misra, 1938)","Puntius fraseri was originally described as Barbus fraseri by Hora and Misra (1939) from Darna river, Deolali, Nashik, Maharashtra." 172464,Cirrhinus reba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,reba,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Cirrhinus reba was originally described as Cyprinus reba by Hamilton (1822) from Bengal and Behar (Bihar), India. Roberts (1997) considered this species as a synonym of Bangana ariza, however, this synonymy is not considered valid (Jayaram 1999, Menon 1999)." 172466,Cirrhinus fulungee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,fulungee,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Cirrhinus fulungee was originally described as Chondrostoma fulungee by Sykes (1839) from Deccan plateau of India (exact location is missing). Generic status of the fish was changed to Gymnostomus by Günther (1868) and to Cirrhina by Day (1872). Currently the species is valid as Cirrhinus fulungee (Roberts 1997)." 172467,Carinotetraodon imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Carinotetraodon,imitator,,,,,"Britz & Kottelat, 1999","Carinotetraodon imitator was described by Britz and Kottelat (1999) based on specimens obtained through aquarium trade from India." 172470,Parambassis thomassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,thomassi,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","Parambassis thomassi was originally described as Ambassis thomassi by Day (1870) from Calicut and Mangalore, India." 172471,Parapsilorhynchus prateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Parapsilorhynchus,prateri,,,,,"Hora & Misra, 1938","Parapsilorhynchus prateri was first described from Darna River in the upper Godavari River basin, Deolali, Nasik District, Maharashtra State, India (Hora and Misra 1938)." 172472,Pterocryptis wynaadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,wynaadensis,,,,,"(Day, 1873)","Pterocryptis wynaadensis was first described from Wynaad, Kerala, India by Day (1873)." 172475,Hypselobarbus curmuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,curmuca,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1807)","Hamilton (1822) described this species as Cyprinus curmuca from Vedavathi River in the Tungabhadra drainage. Barbus kolus Sykes, 1841 was synonymised with C. curmuca by Menon (1992)." 172476,Balitora mysorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,mysorensis,,,,,"Hora, 1941","Balitora mysorensis was first described by Hora (1941) from Sivasamudram, Cauvery drainage, Karnataka, India." 172477,Nemacheilus keralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,keralensis,,,,,"(Rita, Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978)","Nemacheilus keralensis was described by Rita and Nalbant (1978) from Pampadumpara, a tributary of River Periyar in Kerala, India." 172478,Monopterus roseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,roseni,,,,,"Bailey & Gans, 1998","

Monopterus roseni was described by Bailey and Gans (1998) from a well in Periyam village, North Kerala.

" 172479,Mystus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,armatus,,,,,"(Day, 1865)","This species was described as Macrones armatus by Day (1865) from Cochin." 172480,Parapsilorhynchus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Parapsilorhynchus,elongatus,,,,,"Singh, 1994","Parapsilorhynchus elongatus was described by Singh (1994) from Ghod River, Khondwal village, Ambegaon taluka, Pune District, Maharashtra, India." 172482,Schistura sharavathiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sharavathiensis,,,,,"Sreekantha, Gururaja, Rema Devi, Indra & Ramachandra, 2006","Schistura sharavatienis was described by Sreekantha et al.(2006) from Kalkatte tributary of Sharavathi River, Karnataka, India." 172483,Hypselobarbus lithopidos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,lithopidos,,,,,"(Day, 1874)","Hypselobarbus lithopidos was described by Day (1874) from South Canara, India." 172484,Rita chrysea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Rita,chrysea,,,,,"Day, 1877","Rita chrysea was described by Day (1877) from Orissa." 172485,Hypselobarbus kurali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,kurali,,,,,"Menon & Rema Devi, 1995","Talwar and Jhingaran (1991) and Jayaram (1999) had earlied placed this species under the genus Gonoproktopterus." 172489,Monopterus digressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,digressus,,,,,"Gopi, 2002","Monopterus digressus was described by Gopi (2002) from a homestead well in Kuthiravattom, Calicut District, Kerala, India." 172490,Barilius gatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,gatensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)", 172491,Parambassis dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,dayi,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1874)","Parambassis dayi was originally described as Ambassis dayi by Bleeker (1874) from Cochin (Kochi), Kerala, India." 172492,Ompok goae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,goae,,,,,"(Haig, 1952)","Ompok goae was originally described as Silurus goae by Haig (1952) from Goa, India. Kobayakawa (1989) changed the generic status of the fish to Ompok, however, Ferraris (2007) considered this species as species inquirendae (species with doubtful identity requiring further investigation). Since no detailed taxonomic revision on this species is available the validity of the species is uncertain." 172493,Schistura nagodiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,nagodiensis,,,,,"Sreekantha, Gururaja, Rema Devi, Indra & Ramachandra, 2006","

Schistura nagodiensis was described by Sreekantha et al. (2006) from Nagodi tributary of Sharavathi river, Karnataka, southern India.

" 172496,Mesonoemacheilus herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Mesonoemacheilus,herrei,,,,,"Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1982","Mesonemacheilus herrei Nalbant & Bănărescu, 1981 was treated as a synonym for Noemacheilus guentheri Day, 1867 (Menon 1987). But, Eschmeyer and Fricke (2010) treat it as a separate species.
" 172499,Garra periyarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,periyarensis,,,,,"Gopi, 2001","Garra periyarensis was first described by Gopi (2001) from the headwaters of Periyar River inside the Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India." 172501,Laubuka fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,fasciata,,,,,"(Silas, 1958)","Laubuka fasciata was described by Silas (1958) from Anamalai river at Vannanthurai in Chittur taluk, erstwhile Cochin state (Kerala) India." 172502,Glyptothorax lonah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,lonah,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Glyptothorax lonah was described by Sykes (1839) from Deccan, India.



Record of this species from Mula-Mutha rivers of Pune (Kharat et al. 2003) are wrong as their specimen do not match with the type specimens (ZSI Kolkata F1235 and F1313) (N. Dahanuker, pers. obs.) and is likely to be an hitherto undescribed species. It is therefore likely that the other records of this species from Mula-Mutha river (Suter 1944, Tonapi and Mulherkar 1963, Wagh and Ghate 2003) are also wrong. Since this species is habitat specialist, it is likely to be restricted in distribution and its reports from river systems other than Cauvery need to be validated. There is an urgent need to delimit the distribution of the species preferably by molecular methods." 172503,Salmostoma novacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,novacula,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","Salmophasia novacula was described by Valanciennes (1842) from erstwhile Madras, India.
" 172504,Garra bicornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,bicornuta,,,,,"Narayan Rao, 1920","Garra bicornuta was described by Rao (1920) from Tunga River at Shimoga, Karnataka, India." 172506,Puntius mudumalaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,mudumalaiensis,,,,,"Menon & Rema Devi, 1992","Puntius mudumalaiensis was described by Menon and Devi (1992) from Kakkanhalla road, Mudumalai, Tamil Nadu." 172507,Lepidopygopsis typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lepidopygopsis,typus,,,,,"Raj, 1941","Lepidopygopsis typus was described by Raj (1941) from Periyar Lake, Kerala, India." 172508,Psilorhynchus tenura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PSILORHYNCHIDAE,Psilorhynchus,tenura,,,,,"Arunachalam & Muralidharan, 2008", 172509,Glyptothorax kudremukhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,kudremukhensis,,,,,"Gopi, 2007","Glyptothorax kudremukensis was described by Gopi (2007) from the headwaters of the Thunga River, Muduba, Kudremukh National Park, Karnataka, India." 172510,Garra surendranathanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,surendranathanii,,,,,"Shaji, Arun & Easa, 1996","Garra surendranathanii was first described by Shaji et al. (1996) from the Orukomban tributary of Chalakudy River, Kerala, India." 172513,Garra stenorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,stenorhynchus,,,,,"Jerdon, 1849","Garra gotyla stenorhynchus was described by Jerdon (1849) from the Bhavani River at the foot of Nilgiris. It is currently being revised to the level of a full species, Garra stenorhynchus." 172732,Madascincus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,macrolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 172733,Madagascarophis meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Madagascarophis,meridionalis,,,,,"Domergue, 1987","Specimens from Ranomafana in the eastern rainforest belt agree with this species genetically, but further work is required to clarify the status of rainforest forms (M. Vences pers. comm. May 2011). Research is needed to clarify the extent of differentiation between Madagascarophis meridionalis and M. colubrinus and to establish whether a hybrid zone exists (M. Vences pers. comm. May 2011)." 172734,Thamnosophis epistibes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Thamnosophis,epistibes,,,,,"(Cadle, 1996)","Along with other members of the Liopholidophis stumpffi group, this species was briefly included within the new genus Bibilava (Glaw et al. 2007, Glaw and Vences 2007). Cadle and Ineich (2008) later resurrected Thamnosophis for this species group." 172735,Trachylepis volamenaloha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,volamenaloha,,,,,"(Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato, 1999)","Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 172736,Furcifer willsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,willsii,,,,,"(Günther, 1890)","Records from the north of this chameleon's range require taxonomic confirmation. Records from Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha may represent this taxon,. F. petteri, or an undescribed form; due to uncertainty about the correct assignment of these records the Bemaraha records are not included in the assessments for either F. petteri or F. wilsii." 172737,Calumma peltierorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,peltierorum,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006","

A number of specimens from Tsaratanana formerly considered unusual Calumma malthe (Brygoo 1971, 1978) probably represent this species (Raxworthy and Nussbaum 2006). Raxworthy and Nussbaum (2006) explicitly note that atypical specimens from Marojejy described as C. sp. aff. malthe (Brygoo 1978) do not represent C. peltierorum, and these have since been found to represent true C. malthe (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. June 2011).

" 172738,Amphiglossus mandady,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,mandady,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002", 172739,Madascincus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,minutus,,,,,"(Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993)",Molecular investigation is required to establish whether some records currently assigned to Madascincus melanopleura instead represent this species. 172741,Brookesia superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,superciliaris,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 172742,Pararhadinaea melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pararhadinaea,melanogaster,,,,,"Boettger, 1898","Domergue (1984) erected the subspecies Pararhadinea melanogaster marojejyensis for the apparently isolated Marojejy subpopulation, known from a single specimen." 172743,Paroedura homalorhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,homalorhina,,,,,"(Angel, 1936)",


172744,Amphiglossus ornaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,ornaticeps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",

This species is in need of taxonomic revision to clarify differences between subpopulations from western dry deciduous forest and those from eastern humid forest.

172745,Tracheloptychus petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tracheloptychus,petersi,,,,,"Grandidier, 1869",


172746,Paracontias hafa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,hafa,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002", 172747,Uroplatus malahelo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,malahelo,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1994", 172748,Brookesia karchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,karchei,,,,,"Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1970", 172749,Furcifer verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,verrucosus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","

The Furcifer verrucosus, F. nicosiai, F. oustaleti group is in need of major revision and probably contains as yet undescribed species (Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172750,Paracontias minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,minimus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1906)","Crottini et al. (2009) considered Cryptoscincus, of which C. minimus was the only member, a junior synonym of Paracontias based on molecular evidence. Specimens from Baie de Sakalava, noted by Glaw and Vences (2007) as needing further study to verify their assignment to this species, have now been confirmed as P. minimus (M. Vences pers. comm. May 2011)." 172751,Heteroliodon fohy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Heteroliodon,fohy,,,,,"Glaw, Vences & Nussbaum, 2005", 172752,Brookesia antakarana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,antakarana,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995","Mitochondrial (but not morphological) evidence suggests that this species may be conspecific with B. ambreensis (Townsend et al. 2010)." 172753,Amphiglossus spilostichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,spilostichus,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002", 172754,Amphiglossus stylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,stylus,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002", 172755,Blaesodactylus sakalava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Blaesodactylus,sakalava,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)","Following the recent description of Blaesodactylus ambonihazo, which is expected to be more widespread than is currently known, further morphological and genetic study is needed to clarify the northern limit of B. sakalava's distribution and to verify the specific identity of records north of Bemaraha (Bauer et al. 2011). The same research found that specimen of B. sakalava from Bemaraha exhibited high genetic divergence from a population from Ifaty in southern Madagascar (Bauer et al. 2011); however morphological and genetic analysis of additional specimens from areas throughout this gecko's range is required to establish whether cryptic species exist within B. sakalava as currently recognized (Bauer et al. 2011)." 172756,Uroplatus giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,giganteus,,,,,"Glaw, Kosuch, Henkel, Sound & Böhme, 2006","There is uncertainty about the number of species represented under the names Uroplatus fimbriatus and U. giganteus (F. Glaw and M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). Raxworthy et al. (2008) consider U. giganteus to be a synonym for U. fimbriatus; however it has also been argued that additional undescribed species may be revealed within U. giganteus and/or U. fimbriatus by future molecular study (F. Glaw pers. comm. January 2011), and the population of U. cf. giganteus at Marojejy may warrant separate specific status (Greenbaum et al. 2007). The scheme followed here is that of Glaw et al. (2006), which considers this group to consist of two species, U. fimbriatus and U. giganteus, which correspond to the southern and northern clades of U. fimbriatus respectively (Raxworthy et al. 2008; F. Glaw, pers. comm. January 2011). Due to the geographical proximity of the U. fimbriatus type locality, Nosy Mangabe, to genetic U. giganteus, further research is needed to establish whether the assignment U. fimbriatus to the southern clade treated here under that name is valid, or whether this name should instead be applied either to a single species including both presently recognized clades, or to a northern form presently included under the name U. giganteus (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. January 2011)." 172757,Madatyphlops ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,ocularis,,,,,"(Parker, 1927)",The taxonomic status of southernmost subpopulations requires investigation (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). 172758,Furcifer rhinoceratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,rhinoceratus,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)",F. monoceras is considered a junior synonymn of F. rhinoceratus (Glaw and Vences 2007). 172759,Uroplatus alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,alluaudi,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894", 172760,Calumma tsaratananense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,tsaratananense,,,,,"(Brygoo & Domergue, 1968)", 172761,Calumma guillaumeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,guillaumeti,,,,,"(Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974)","

The taxonomic status of records from Tsaratanana, referred to Calumma cf. guillaumeti by Raxworthy et al. (2008), is in need of clarification (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. June 2011).

" 172762,Alluaudina mocquardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Alluaudina,mocquardi,,,,,"Angel, 1939", 172763,Oplurus cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,OPLURIDAE,Oplurus,cuvieri,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","

The population on Grand Comore is genetically similar to mainland Madagascar and does not warrant species status (Münchenberg et al. 2008). Recent overseas dispersal is the most likely mode of colonization and the population on Grand Comore is of conservation and evolutionary importance.

" 172764,Paracontias hildebrandti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,hildebrandti,,,,,"(Peters, 1880)", 172765,Phelsuma berghofi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,berghofi,,,,,"Krüger, 1996", 172767,Lygodactylus blancae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,blancae,,,,,"Pasteur, 1995","There is some uncertainty about the validity of this species, which is very similar to Lygodactylus arnoulti (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011, May 2011), although ""it should probably be considered a distinct species"" (M. Vences pers. comm. May 2011)." 172768,Lygodactylus rarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,rarus,,,,,"Pasteur & Blanc, 1973", 172770,Xenotyphlops mocquardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Xenotyphlops,mocquardi,,,,,"Wallach, Mercurio & Andreone, 2007","This species might be a junior synonym of X. grandidieri (M.Vences pers. comm. January 2011)." 172771,Liopholidophis dolicocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liopholidophis,dolicocercus,,,,,"(Peracca, 1892)", 172772,Zonosaurus subunicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,subunicolor,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)", 172773,Palleon nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Palleon,nasus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","

A subspecies Palleon (formerly Brookesia) nasus pauliani is recognized from high-altitude sites at Andringtra, but it was not found during the most recent surveys and its taxonomic status remains unresolved (Raxworthy and Nussbaum 1996).

" 172774,Calumma gastrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,gastrotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","Calumma gastrotaenia is a species complex, and is in the process of being revised (F. Glaw pers. comm. January 2011)." 172776,Phelsuma vanheygeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,vanheygeni,,,,,"Lerner, 2004", 172777,Brookesia ramanantsoai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,ramanantsoai,,,,,"Brygoo & Domergue, 1975","

This species was synonymized with B. dentata by Raxworthy and Nussbaum (1995). This synonymy was questioned by Glaw et al. (1999), and the validity of this species was supported by Townsend et al. (2009)

" 172778,Calumma guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,guibei,,,,,"(Hillenius, 1959)","

A full taxonomic revision of the Calumma nasutum species group is needed. At present, possible records of C. guibei from Manarikoba cannot be distinguished with certainty from C. boettgeri or putative undescribed forms (Andreone et al. 2009).

" 172779,Paracontias brocchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,brocchii,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894", 17278,Pila occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,occidentalis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1887)","This species may be just a southern form of P. ovata (Kristensen pers. comm.)" 172780,Zonosaurus tsingy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,tsingy,,,,,"Raselimanana, Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000","

The population of Zonsaurus tsingy on the offshore island of Nosy Hara may represent a new species; as this form is so far known from only a single individual, further studies in this locality are needed to clarify this issue (Raselimanana et al. 2009).

" 172781,Palleon lolontany,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Palleon,lolontany,,,,,"(Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995)", 172782,Trachylepis aureopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,aureopunctata,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)","Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 172783,Madascincus igneocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,igneocaudatus,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)","

Because of notable difference in reproductive biology, oviparous highland subpopulations may represent a distinct, undescribed species (Glaw and Vences 2007); if this proves to be the case this species will then require reassessment. This is a variable species throughout the south and southwest, exhibiting marked variation in colouration between geographic areas, although this is not currently thought to reflect taxonomic differences (A. Raselimanana pers. comm. May 2011). A red-tailed skink without the striped patterning of M. igneocaudatus, which is sympatric with the nominate form between Kirindy and Morondava, appears to represent a still-undescribed species (A. Raselimanana pers. comm. May 2011).

" 172784,Amphiglossus decaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,decaryi,,,,,"(Angel, 1930)","

This species was until recently thought to be known only from the holotype (Glaw and Vences 2007); however animals found in the Fort Dauphin area are considered to represent this species (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. January 2011). This requires clarification, and the taxonomic status and relationships of this skink are in need of further study (Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172785,Phelsuma malamakibo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,malamakibo,,,,,"Nussbaum, Raxworthy, Raselimanana & Ramanamanjato, 2000", 172786,Grandidierina lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Grandidierina,lineata,,,,,"Mocquard, 1901", 172787,Zonosaurus rufipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,rufipes,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)","Yoder et al. (2005) suggested that Zonosaurus rufipes at Daraina may contain cryptic species; however genetic analysis of this species, including five specimens from Daraina, strongly supported its recognition as a monophyletic group (Raselimanana et al. 2009), and hence justify treating it as a single species." 172788,Trachylepis nancycoutuae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,nancycoutuae,,,,,"(Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1998)","Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. (2002), who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. (2006) recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 172789,Liophidium rhodogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,rhodogaster,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 17279,Pila speciosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,speciosa,,,,,"(Philippi, 1849)","The record by Neuville and Anthony (1906) from the Lower Omo River (Ethiopia) needs confirmation. In the synonymy, records are cited from Somalia which probably refer to this species and not to P. Ovata." 172790,Brookesia lambertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,lambertoni,,,,,"Brygoo & Domergue, 1970", 172791,Lycodryas guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Stenophis guentheri was assigned to Lycodryas by Nagy et al. (2010) in their revision of these genera. 172792,Uroplatus ebenaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,ebenaui,,,,,"Boettger, 1879","

Genetic data reveal that U. ebenaui is a complex of several species and a full taxonomic revision is required (Glaw and Vences 2007, Greenbaum et al. 2007, Raxworthy et al. 2008). Subpopulations from Marojejy, Tsaratanana and Montagne d'Ambre may warrant specific status (Greenbaum et al. 2007).

" 172794,Lygodactylus mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,mirabilis,,,,,"(Pasteur, 1962)", 172796,Calumma hafahafa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,hafahafa,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006", 172797,Blaesodactylus antongilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Blaesodactylus,antongilensis,,,,,"(Böhme & Meier, 1980)","

A Blaesodactylus population from Ankarafantsika previously assigned to this species was recently described as a new species, B. ambonihazo (Bauer et al. 2011).

" 172798,Calumma furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,furcifer,,,,,"(Vaillant & Grandidier, 1880)",



17280,Pillomena aemula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Pillomena,aemula,,,,,"Tate, 1884", 172800,Calumma amber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,amber,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006",Records of this species were formerly considered as C. brevicorne. 172801,Paroedura vazimba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,vazimba,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2000", 172802,Phisalixella variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Phisalixella,variabilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Nagy et al. 2010 removed Stenophis tulearensis from synonymy with this species (where it had been placed by Vences et al. 2004).The same authors elevated the subgenus Phisalixella to a full genus. The taxonomic identity of both P. tulearensis and P. variabilis requires further clarification (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). 172803,Phelsuma masohoala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,masohoala,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994", 172804,Zonosaurus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,ornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 172805,Heteroliodon occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Heteroliodon,occipitalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 172806,Paroedura karstophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,karstophila,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2000",

This species is closely related to at least three other putatively new species that require further taxonomic study (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172808,Brookesia dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,dentata,,,,,"Mocquard, 1900",The taxonomy of this species is in need of revision (Glaw and Vences 2007). 172809,Grandidierina fierinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Grandidierina,fierinensis,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1869)",


17281,Pilsbrycharopa tumida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Pilsbrycharopa,tumida,,,,,"Odhner, 1917", 172810,Lygodactylus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,intermedius,,,,,"Pasteur, 1995", 172811,Paracontias tsararano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,tsararano,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002", 172812,Compsophis infralineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Compsophis,infralineata,,,,,"(Günther, 1882)",

Molecular data indicate that this species is a complex of more than one taxon (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172813,Langaha madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Langaha,madagascariensis,,,,,"Bonnaterre, 1790", 172814,Zonosaurus maramaintso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,maramaintso,,,,,"Raselimanana, Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2006",

Zonosaurus maramaintso may be a colour variant of Z. boettgeri (Glaw and Vences 2007). Genetic data is needed to confirm the relationships of these taxa.

172815,Langaha pseudoalluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Langaha,pseudoalluaudi,,,,,"Domergue, 1988","

The taxonomy of Langaha alluaudi and L. pseudoalluaudi is in need of revision (Glaw and Vences 2007). Records from southeast Madagascar, including a record from Amboasary Sud previously attributed to L. pseudoalluaudi (Glaw and Vences 2007), are now considered to represent L. alluaudi (A. Raselimanana and M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011)

" 172816,Madascincus melanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,melanopleura,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)",

Distinct molecular differences between populations at low and mid altitude warrant research into the systematics of this species (Glaw and Vences 2007). Research is needed to clarify whether some records may be attributable to the similar M. minutus (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172817,Zonosaurus trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,trilineatus,,,,,"Angel, 1939","This species is genetically and morphologically similar to Zonosaurus quadrilineatus and these taxa may represent subspecies or just colour variants (Yoder et al. 2005). Additional study is needed to resolve this issue, hence they are treated as separate species here." 172818,Thamnosophis lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Thamnosophis,lateralis,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Along with other members of the Liopholidophis stumpffi group, this species was briefly included within the new genus Bibilava (Glaw et al. 2007, Glaw and Vences 2007). Cadle and Ineich (2008) later resurrected Thamnosophis for this species group." 172819,Liophidium maintikibo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,maintikibo,,,,,"Franzen, Jones, Raselimanana, Nagy, D’Cruze, Glaw & Vences, 2009", 17282,Pilula praetumida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Pilula,praetumida,,,,,"Morelet, 1860", 172820,Uroplatus sikorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,sikorae,,,,,"Boettger, 1913","

The U. henkeli and U. sikorae complex is in need of full taxonomic revision. A recent study treated U. sameiti as a full species that occurs in the same sites as U. sikorae but at lower elevations (Raxworthy et al. 2008).

" 172822,Paroedura androyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,androyensis,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)",


172823,Madatyphlops microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,microcephalus,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)","A record of Typhlops microcephalus from Tsaratanana, to the south of other known localities, has recently been found to represent a different species (M. Vences pers. comm. May 2011). High levels of genetic differentiation have been found between a specimen from the humid forest type locality, Montagne d'Ambre, and specimens from the dry forest sites Montagne des Français and Ampombofiofo. Further research is needed to clarify whether these related forms represent a single species or whether each of the three sites harbours a distinct species currently included within T. microcephalus (M. Vences pers. comm. May 2011).

A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm January 2011)." 172824,Phelsuma breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,breviceps,,,,,"Boettger, 1894", 172825,Amphiglossus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Kaudern, 1922)","

Glaw and Vences (2007) considered Amphiglossus waterloti a synonym of Amphiglossus reticulatus, but noted the need for additional work to clarify this issue given morphological variation within these skinks.

" 172826,Phelsuma lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,lineata,,,,,"Gray, 1842","

Three subspecies are recognized: Phelsuma l. lineata, P. m. bombetokensis and P. m. punctulata. A fourth subspecies, P. l. dorsivittata, was recently elevated to species-level (Rocha et al. 2010) and is treated here as a separate species. The taxonomy of the remaining forms is in urgent need of clarification, and the genetically variable P. l. lineata may include unrecognized taxa (Glaw and Vences 2007). The assignment of a genetically distinct subpopulation from Marojejy is uncertain and thought to represent a distinct, undescribed species (Rocha et al. 2009, 2010). It is not treated in either this assessment or that of P. dorsivittata.

" 172827,Paragehyra gabriellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paragehyra,gabriellae,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1994", 172828,Liopholidophis rhadinaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liopholidophis,rhadinaea,,,,,"Cadle, 1996", 172829,Phelsuma seippi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,seippi,,,,,"Meier, 1987", 172830,Calumma globifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,globifer,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)","Records of this species from northern Madagascar, noted by Glaw and Vences (2007) as requiring further taxonomic study, may represent C. parsonii, C. oshaugnessyi or, in Montagne d'Ambre, C. ambreensis (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. June 2011), although there are no confirmed records of true C. oshaugnessyi from northern Madagascar (F. Glaw pers. comm. July 2011). A record from Tsaratanana requires further investigation to clarify its specific identity (F. Glaw pers. comm. July 2011)." 172831,Oplurus cyclurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,OPLURIDAE,Oplurus,cyclurus,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)", 172833,Compsophis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Compsophis,boulengeri,,,,,"(Peracca, 1892)", 172834,Pseudoacontias menamainty,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudoacontias,menamainty,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002", 172836,Calumma cucullatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,cucullatum,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 172837,Lygodactylus bivittis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,bivittis,,,,,"(Peters, 1883)","" 172838,Lygodactylus decaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,decaryi,,,,,"Angel, 1930","This species is poorly-defined by morphological characters, and so its range is very poorly known." 172839,Phelsuma modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,modesta,,,,,"Mertens, 1970","

There are three recognized subspecies, P. m. modesta, P. m. leiogaster and P. m. isakae. There is weak genetic evidence for these subspecies and P. m. isakae in particular is in need of revision (Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172840,Calumma capuroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,capuroni,,,,,"(Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1972)", 172841,Dromicodryas quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Dromicodryas,quadrilineatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 172843,Amphiglossus tsaratananensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,tsaratananensis,,,,,"(Brygoo, 1981)","A 1996 record from Anjaharibe-Sud attributed considered to represent Amphiglossus cf. tsaratananensis (Raxworthy et al. 1998) has not been verified, and this species is here considered endemic to Tsaratanana (C. Raxworthy and F. Andreone pers. comm. July 2011)." 172844,Brookesia ebenaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,ebenaui,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)",

Raxworthy and Nussbaum (1995) classed Brookesia legendrei as a junior synonym of B. ebenaui.

172847,Pseudoxyrhopus oblectator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,oblectator,,,,,"Cadle, 1999", 172849,Chalarodon madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,OPLURIDAE,Chalarodon,madagascariensis,,,,,"Peters, 1854","

There is strong genetic differentiation between the southeast and western populations of this species, and molecular data indicate that an undescribed species probably exists (Münchenberg et al. 2008).

" 172850,Calumma andringitraense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,andringitraense,,,,,"(Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1972)","

This chameleon was formerly considered a subspecies of C. gastrotaenia, but was elevated to species status by Böhme (1997). Individuals from Andohahela in the southeast require additional study to verify their taxonomic status (Andreone et al. 2001, Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172851,Alluaudina bellyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Alluaudina,bellyi,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894",




172852,Thamnosophis mavotenda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Thamnosophis,mavotenda,,,,,"Glaw, Nagy, Köhler, Franzen & Vences, 2009", 172853,Lycodryas pseudogranuliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,pseudogranuliceps,,,,,"(Domergue, 1995)",Stenophis pseudogranuliceps was assigned to Lycodryas by Nagy et al. (2010) in their revision of these genera. 172854,Langaha alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Langaha,alluaudi,,,,,"Mocquard, 1901",

The taxonomy of Langaha alluaudi and L. pseudoalluaudi is in need of revision (Glaw and Vences 2007). Records of L. pseudoalluaudi from southern Madagascar are now considered to represent L. alluaudi (A. Raselimanana and M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011).

172855,Liopholidophis sexlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liopholidophis,sexlineatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1882)", 172856,Ithycyphus goudoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Ithycyphus,goudoti,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Ithycyphus blanci, known from Marojejy slightly to the north of the known range of I. goudoti, may represent an unusual form of this species." 172857,Paroedura gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,gracilis,,,,,"(Boulenger,1896)","

This is a geographically variable species, and the taxonomic relevance of this variation is warranted (Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172858,Brookesia vadoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,vadoni,,,,,"Brygoo & Domergue, 1968", 172859,Amphiglossus mandokava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,mandokava,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993", 172860,Pseudoxyrhopus ankafinaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,ankafinaensis,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994", 172861,Calumma nasutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,nasutum,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)","The identity of Calumma linotum, a nasutum-group member described from the imprecise locality ""Madagascar"", is particularly unclear. Raxworthy et al. (2008) applied the name ""Calumma cf. linota"" to a population from Tsaratanana, but without comment and the justification for this assignment is therefore unclear. Gehring et al. (2012) likewise associated this name with a form from northern Madagascar, within the morphologically distinct boettgeri group. This entire group is in need of fundamental taxonomic revision (Andreone et al. 2009), and Gehring et al. (2012) identified two clades within their C. linotum alone. Pending resolution of the complex systematics of this group, and given uncertainty about the correct attribution of the name C. linotum to northern Madagascan populations, this taxon is provisionally considered a synonym of an undetermined species within the nastum group, likely C. boettgeri (F. Glaw pers. comm. to P. Uetz 2014, Uetz and Hallerman 2014)." 172862,Compsophis laphystius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Compsophis,laphystius,,,,,"(Cadle, 1996)", 172863,Lygodactylus expectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,expectatus,,,,,"Pasteur & Blanc, 1967", 172865,Zonosaurus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,maximus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 172866,Furcifer oustaleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,oustaleti,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1894)","

The Furcifer verrucosus, F. nicosiai, F. oustaleti group is in need of major revision and probably contains as yet undescribed species (Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172867,Trachylepis gravenhorstii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,gravenhorstii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","Molecular data have shown that Trachylepsis gravenhorstii is a complex of undescribed species (Glaw and Vences 2007). Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 172868,Madatyphlops madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Boettger, 1877)",A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm January 2011). 172869,Furcifer nicosiai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,nicosiai,,,,,"Jesu, Mattioli & Schimmenti, 1999","

The Furcifer verrucosus, F. nicosiai, F. oustaleti group is in need of major revision and probably contains as yet undescribed species (Glaw and Vences 2007). Previous records of this species from the Menabe Region appear to be a previously undescribed taxon (Raselimanana 2008).

" 172870,Ithycyphus miniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Ithycyphus,miniatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 172871,Madatyphlops mucronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,mucronatus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)","The taxonomic status of most populations attributed to this species is unclear and requires further study (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011); it may only be known with certainty from the type locality Lokobe, on the island of Nosy Be. A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011)." 172872,Pygomeles petteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pygomeles,petteri,,,,,"Pasteur & Paulian, 1962", 172873,Lycodryas inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,inornatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Stenophis inornatus was assigned to Lycodryas by Nagy et al. (2010) in their revision of these genera. 172874,Paroedura bastardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,bastardi,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1900)",

Notable morphological differences between sites suggest that this is a complex of two or three species (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172875,Pseudoacontias madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudoacontias,madagascariensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1889", 172877,Heteroliodon lava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Heteroliodon,lava,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2000", 172878,Brookesia bonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,bonsi,,,,,"Ramanantsoa, 1980", 172879,Calumma vencesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,vencesi,,,,,"Andreone, Mattioli, Jesu & Randrianirina, 2001","Specimens resembling this species have been recorded from near Makira at approximately 50 m asl., but these require confirmation (F. Glaw pers. comm. January 2011)." 172880,Liopholidophis varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liopholidophis,varius,,,,,"(Fischer,1884)", 172881,Amphiglossus anosyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,anosyensis,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993", 172882,Pseudoacontias unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudoacontias,unicolor,,,,,"Sakata & Hakida, 2003", 172884,Madagascarophis colubrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Madagascarophis,colubrinus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)",Five subspecies are recognized. 172885,Brookesia decaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,decaryi,,,,,"Angel, 1839", 172886,Calumma crypticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,crypticum,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006","

This species was previously included within Calumma brevicorne (Raxworthy and Nussbaum 2006). Boumans et al. (2007) confirmed the genetic distinctness of these two species, but noted ""remarkably low"" genetic differentiation between C. brevicorne from Andasibe and C. crypticum from Mandraka. Additional taxa may remain to be described within this species (Boumans et al. 2007).

" 172888,Oplurus fierinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,OPLURIDAE,Oplurus,fierinensis,,,,,"Grandidier, 1869", 172889,Liophidium torquatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,torquatum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 172890,Lygodactylus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,montanus,,,,,"Pasteur, 1965",Taxonomic research is needed to identify whether the populations from Andohahela and Ivohibe represent the same or distinct species (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). 172891,Lygodactylus miops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,miops,,,,,"Günther, 1891","

There are some inter-site differences in morphology, with specimens from the northeast being the most distinct (Puente et al. 2009).

" 172892,Leioheterodon madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Leioheterodon,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 172893,Trachylepis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,elegans,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 172895,Phelsuma quadriocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,quadriocellata,,,,,"(Peters, 1883)","

Three subspecies are recognized, P. q. quadriocellata, P. q. lepida and P. q. bimaculata. A fourth subspecies, P. q. parva, has recently been elevated to species-level (Rocha et al. 2010) and is treated as a separate species here. Genetic data indicate that Phelsuma quadriocellata is a complex of several additional species, probably including the subpopulation known from Nosy Boraha, and is in need of full revision (Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172896,Calumma parsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,parsonii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1824)","

A subspecies, Calumma parsonii cristifer is recognized from around Analamazaotra and Mantadia. At least three distinct colour morphs from different localities are also known (Brady and Griffiths 1999).

" 172897,Lygodactylus verticillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,verticillatus,,,,,"Mocquard, 1895", 172899,Zonosaurus laticaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,laticaudatus,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1869)","

There is no observed genetic distinction between Z. laticaudatus and Z. anelanelany in the south-east and further studies are needed using a larger sample size (only two individuals of Z. anelanelany have been included in comparisons), and from a wider area, than has been previously undertaken to clarify whether this is a real effect (Raselimanana et al. 2009). The two species are morphologically distinct, and therefore introgression or hybridization may account for the lack of genetic differences (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). This research would also help to determine whether Z. laticaudatus populations south of the Onilahy River are a distinct species, and one which encompasses Z. anelanelany (Raselimanana et al. 2009)

" 172900,Madatyphlops decorsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,decorsei,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1901)",A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm January 2011). 172901,Paroedura stumpffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,stumpffi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1879)",

This species is in need of research to establish whether differences between subpopulations warrant changes to this species' taxonomic status (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172902,Trachylepis boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,boettgeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","

This species exhibits inter-population variation that warrants taxonomic investigation (Vences et al. 2002). Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011).

" 172903,Paracontias manify,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,manify,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002", 172904,Liophidium chabaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,chabaudi,,,,,"Domergue, 1984", 172905,Phelsuma guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,guttata,,,,,"Kaudern, 1922", 172907,Madascincus ankodabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,ankodabensis,,,,,"(Angel, 1930)","

This species is in need of taxonomic revision as its validity is uncertain (Glaw and Vences 2007). It may represent a morph of the very similar Madascincus melapleura (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. January 2011).

" 172908,Amphiglossus splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,splendidus,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)","This poorly-known species is in need of taxonomic investigation to clarify whether known subpopulations all represent the same species (F. Glaw pers. comm. July 2011), and its relationships to other Amphiglossus species are unclear (Schmitz et al. 2005)." 172909,Brookesia lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,lineata,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995","This species shows a strong similarity to B. thieli (Andreone et al. 2009). The B. thieli/B. lineata complex is in need of revision and may contain several new species (Andreone et al. 2009)." 172910,Oplurus saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,OPLURIDAE,Oplurus,saxicola,,,,,"Grandidier, 1869","

Specimens from the south and southwest are genetically and morphologically different and further studies using larger sample sizes are now required to resolved the taxonomic status of these (Glaw and Vences 2007, Münchenberg et al. 2008).

" 172911,Compsophis vinckei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Compsophis,vinckei,,,,,"(Domergue, 1988)", 172912,Brookesia betschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,betschi,,,,,"Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974",

The taxonomy of Brookesia betschi is in need of revision (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172913,Phelsuma barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,barbouri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1942", 172914,Tracheloptychus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tracheloptychus,madagascariensis,,,,,"Peters, 1854", 172915,Calumma oshaughnessyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,oshaughnessyi,,,,,"(Günther, 1881)","A population from Montagne d'Ambre formerly considered a subspecies of Calumma oshaugnessyi has been given specific status in recent literature, as C. ambreense (Glaw and Vences, 2007; Andreone et al. 2009)." 172916,Calumma ambreense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,ambreense,,,,,"(Ramanantsoa, 1974)","Although considered a subspecies of C. oshaughnessyi in the past, Glaw and Vences (2007) gave it specific status because of its distinctness, and this was accepted by Andreone et al. (2009). A specimen from Tsaratanana is tentatively assigned to this species, however its taxonomy is in need of clarification (M. Vences pers. comm. June 2011) and Tsaratanana is not considered part of this chameleon's range in this assessment." 172917,Leioheterodon geayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Leioheterodon,geayi,,,,,"Mocquard, 1905", 172918,Phelsuma cepediana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,cepediana,,,,,"(Milbert, 1812)","The authority has variously been given as Merrem, 1820 or as Milbert, 1812; the latter is followed here and is generally accepted (F. Glaw pers. comm. January 2011). Three lineages are known from Mauritius (Austin et al. 2004), and if these are described as separate species the conservation status of P. cepediana will need to be reassessed." 172919,Pseudoxyrhopus analabe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,analabe,,,,,"Nussbaum, Andreone & Raxworthy, 1998", 172920,Amphiglossus astrolabi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,astrolabi,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 172923,Calumma malthe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,malthe,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)",





172925,Calumma hilleniusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,hilleniusi,,,,,"(Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1973)",Calumma hilleniusi has variously been considered either a full species or a subspecies of C. brevicorne (Raxworthy and Nussbaum 2006). The identity of southern subpopulations currently assigned to this species requires verification (Vences et al. 2002). 172926,Ithycyphus blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Ithycyphus,blanci,,,,,"Domergue, 1988","It is presently unclear whether Ithycyphus blanci is a valid species, or simply an aberrant specimen of I. goudoti with an unusual number of scale rows (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2011)." 172927,Uroplatus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,guentheri,,,,,"Mocquard, 1908", 172928,Calumma vatosoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,vatosoa,,,,,"Andreone, Mattioli, Jesu & Randrianirina, 2001", 172930,Brookesia ambreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,ambreensis,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995",Mitochondrial (but not morphological) evidence suggests that this species may be conspecific with B. antakarana (Townsend et al. 2010). 172931,Micropisthodon ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Micropisthodon,ochraceus,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894", 172932,Zonosaurus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,aeneus,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)","The Z. aeneus subpopulation in the forest of Daraina in northern Madagascar shows notable genetic and morphological differences compared with other subpopulations (Raselimanana et al. 2009)." 172933,Zonosaurus bemaraha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,bemaraha,,,,,"Raselimanana, Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000","

This species is closely-related to Zonosaurus brygooi (Raselimanana et al. 2009), and genetic study is required to clarify the relationship between these two forms (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2011).

" 172935,Paroedura tanjaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,tanjaka,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2000", 172937,Furcifer bifidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,bifidus,,,,,"(Brongniart, 1800)", 172938,Pygomeles trivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pygomeles,trivittatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Miralles et al. (2011) suggest that Androngo is ""most probably a synonym of Pygomeles""." 172939,Uroplatus fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1797)","There is uncertainty about the number of species represented under the names Uroplatus fimbriatus and U. giganteus (F. Glaw and M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). Raxworthy et al. (2008) consider U. giganteus to be a synonym for U. fimbriatus; however it has also been argued that additional undescribed species may be revealed within U. giganteus and/or U. fimbriatus by future molecular study (F. Glaw pers. comm. January 2011). The scheme followed here is that of Glaw et al. (2006), which considers this group to consist of two species, U. fimbriatus and U. giganteus, which correspond to the southern and northern clades of U. fimbriatus respectively (Raxworthy et al. 2008; F. Glaw, pers. comm. January 2011). Due to the geographical proximity of the U. fimbriatus type locality, Nosy Mangabe, to genetic U. giganteus, further research is needed to establish whether the assignment U. fimbriatus to the southern clade treated here under that name is valid, or whether this name should instead be applied either to a single species including both presently recognized clades, or to a northern form presently included under the name U. giganteus (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. January 2011)." 172940,Amphiglossus tanysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,tanysoma,,,,,"Andreone & Greer, 2002","The records from Antsolipa are known only from photographs, and the identity of skinks at this site requires confirmation (Labanowski and Lowin 2011)." 172941,Paracontias milloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,milloti,,,,,"Angel, 1949", 172942,Amphiglossus macrocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,macrocercus,,,,,"(Günther, 1882)","

The taxonomy of this species and its relationships to similar, unassigned specimens from other high- and mid-elevation sites in Madagascar are in need of intensive taxonomic research (Glaw and Vences 2007).

" 172945,Lygodactylus tolampyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,tolampyae,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)","There is little morphological difference in specimens from scattered localities in Madagascar, although specimens from the two northwestern populations Berara and Ankarafantsika show a considerable molecular divergence (Puente et al. 2005, 2009)." 172947,Brookesia brygooi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,brygooi,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995","Specimens from Isalo currently attributed to this species (Glaw and Vences 2007), and included in this assessment, likely represent an undescribed taxon (F. Andreone pers. comm. January 2011)." 172948,Phelsuma serraticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,serraticauda,,,,,"Mertens, 1963", 172949,Voeltzkowia yamagishii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Voeltzkowia,yamagishii,,,,,"(Sakata & Hakida, 2003)", 172951,Calumma jejy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,jejy,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006","

This species resembles, but has long been recognized as distinct from, Calumma brevicorne,  being noted as C. sp. aff. brevicorne when first collected (Brygoo 1978). It was formally described only when Raxworthy and Nussbaum (2006) clarified the taxonomy of this species group.

" 172952,Paragehyra petiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paragehyra,petiti,,,,,"Angel, 1929","

Glaw and Vences (2007) note that a population resembling P. petiti occurs at Tsingy de Bemaraha, but this form is not known from any specimens and is not considered to belong to this species. The Tsingy de Bemaraha form is not considered in this assessment.

" 172953,Grandidierina rubrocaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Grandidierina,rubrocaudata,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1869)", 172954,Matoatoa brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Matoatoa,brevipes,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1900)", 172955,Furcifer pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,pardalis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 172957,Amphiglossus gastrostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,gastrostictus,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1879)",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear (C. Raxworthy pers. comm. January 2011). 172958,Xenotyphlops grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Xenotyphlops,grandidieri,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1905)","Recently-discovered specimens from Baie de Sakalava are provisionally assigned to X. grandidieri, a species previously known only from a single specimen with the type locality ""Madagascar"" (Glaw and Vences 2007; F. Glaw pers. comm.April 2011), on the basis that two other restricted-range species described by Mocquard have been found at the same locality, providing evidence that collections took place within or near this site (F. Glaw pers. comm. April 2011). These records were treated as belonging to X. mocquardi in Glaw and Vences (2007). Xenotyphlops mocquardi is itself likely to be a junior synonym of this species, as it falls within the range of variation observed within more recently-collected Baie de Sakalava specimens assigned to X. grandidieri (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011; F. Glaw pers. comm. April 2011). If this is the case, this will represent a slight range extension to the south (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011)." 172959,Lygodactylus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,ornatus,,,,,"Pasteur, 1965","This species is clearly distinct from any other Malagasy Lygodactylus. It is presumed that the village of Mandritsara where the species has been recorded represents the type locality. However, as the type locality is given as ""Mt. Mandritsara, northwest Madagascar"" in the original description (Pasteur, 1965), and no mountain exists near the village (which is in northeast Madagascar), this cannot be verified with certainty." 172960,Amphiglossus andranovahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,andranovahensis,,,,,"(Angel, 1933)","This validity of this species, which very closely resembles Amphiglossus ornaticeps, requires confirmation (Glaw and Vences 2007).
" 172961,Oplurus grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,OPLURIDAE,Oplurus,grandidieri,,,,,"Mocquard, 1900", 172962,Furcifer angeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,angeli,,,,,"(Brygoo & Domergue, 1968)", 172963,Madagascarophis ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Madagascarophis,ocellatus,,,,,"Domergue, 1987", 172966,Ithycyphus oursi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Ithycyphus,oursi,,,,,"Domergue, 1986", 172967,Pseudoxyrhopus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,microps,,,,,"Günther, 1881", 172968,Paroedura vahiny,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,vahiny,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2000", 172969,Zonosaurus boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,boettgeri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1891","

Zonosaurus maromaintso may be a colour variant of Z. boettgeri (Glaw and Vences 2007). Genetic data is needed to confirm the relationships of these taxa. Specimens of Z. boettgeri from the island of Nosy Be (the type locality) are also distinct from those of the nearby mainland and require additional study to clarify their specific status (Raselimanana et al. 2009); should this subpopulation prove to be distinct, the mainland form would therefore require a different name.

" 172970,Phelsuma hielscheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,hielscheri,,,,,"Rösler, Obst & Seipp, 2001", 172971,Voeltzkowia mira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Voeltzkowia,mira,,,,,"Boettger, 1893", 172972,Blaesodactylus boivini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Blaesodactylus,boivini,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)","

Following the recent description of Blaesodactylus ambonihazo, which is expected to be more widespread than is currently known, further morphological and genetic study is needed to clarify the southern limit of B. boivini's distribution and to verify the specific identity of records south of Ankarana (Bauer et al. 2011).

" 172973,Pygomeles braconnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pygomeles,braconnieri,,,,,"Grandidier, 1867", 172974,Exallodontophis albignaci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Exallodontophis,albignaci,,,,,"(Domergue, 1984)", 172977,Phelsuma madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Higher-elevation populations belong to the subspecies Phelsuma madagascariensis boehmei. Two former subspecies, P. m. kochi and P. m. grandis, were elevated to full species by Raxworthy et al. (2009), a change later supported by genetic analysis (Rocha et al. 2010)." 172978,Paroedura picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,picta,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 172979,Lygodactylus tuberosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,tuberosus,,,,,"Mertens, 1965","

Large variation in body size warrants a taxonomic and genetic revision of this species (Puente et al. 2009).

" 172980,Calumma tsycorne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,tsycorne,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006", 172981,Phelsuma klemmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,klemmeri,,,,,"Seipp, 1991", 172982,Thamnosophis martae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Thamnosophis,martae,,,,,"(Glaw, Franzen & Vences, 2005)","Along with other members of the Liopholidophis stumpffi group, this species was briefly included within the new genus Bibilava (Glaw et al. 2007, Glaw and Vences 2007). Cadle and Ineich (2008) later resurrected Thamnosophis for this species group." 172983,Dromicodryas bernieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Dromicodryas,bernieri,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)",

The taxonomy of this species is in need of revision (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172984,Calumma brevicorne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,brevicorne,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)","This widespread chameleon was redescribed by Raxworthy and Nussbaum (2006), who distinguished six additional species formerly included within C. brevicorne and clarified that the proposed subspecies Calumma brevicorne tsarafidyi was invalid. Genetic studies to clarify the taxonomy and distribution of this species and its relation to other species of large occipital-lobed Calumma are ongoing (Boumans et al. 2007)." 172985,Paroedura ibityensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,ibityensis,,,,,"Rösler & Krüger, 1998","In the past, this gecko has been treated as a subspecies of Paroedura bastardi, but genetic studies support its recognition as a distinct species (Jackman et al. 2008)." 172986,Liopholidophis dimorphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liopholidophis,dimorphus,,,,,"Glaw, Nagy, Franzen & Vences, 2007", 172987,Lygodactylus heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,heterurus,,,,,"Boettger, 1913","Lygodactylus h. trilinegularis is treated by Puente et al. (2009) as a subspecies of L. heterurus rather than as a distinct species. This requires further taxonomic investigation (Glaw and Vences 2007). Specimens from Montagne des Français are referred to as L. cf. heterurus in D'Cruze and Kumar (2011)." 172988,Paroedura maingoka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,maingoka,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2000", 172989,Pseudoxyrhopus tritaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,tritaeniatus,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894", 172990,Phelsuma pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,pusilla,,,,,"Mertens, 1964","

Two subspecies are recognized, P. p. pusilla and P. p. hallmanni.

" 172991,Lygodactylus arnoulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,arnoulti,,,,,"Pasteur, 1965", 172992,Trachylepis dumasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,dumasi,,,,,"(Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1995)","Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 172994,Phelsuma kely,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,kely,,,,,"Schönecker, Bach & Glaw, 2004", 172997,Mimophis mahfalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Mimophis,mahfalensis,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)", 172998,Grandidierina petiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Grandidierina,petiti,,,,,"Angel, 1924", 172999,Pseudoxyrhopus quinquelineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,quinquelineatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1881)",

The taxonomy of Pseudoxyrhopus imerinae and P. quinpuelineatus is in need of revision

173000,Pseudoxyrhopus ambreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,ambreensis,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894", 173001,Cyclura onchiopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,onchiopsis,,,,,"Cope, 1885","Cope (1885) used both Cyclura onchiopsis and Cyclura nigerrima; but only the former was diagnosed. Consequently, the latter must was a nomen nudum. Nearly a year later, Cope (1885 [1886]) provided a diagnosis for C. nigerrima. Barbour (1937) relegated C. nigerrima to a subspecies of C. cornuta. Schwartz and Carey (1977) formally placed C. nigerrima in the synonymy of C. onchiopsis.

Originally described as a full species, the Navassa Rhinoceros Iguana was relegated to subspecific status within the Rhinoceros Iguanas (Cyclura cornuta) first by Cope (1885 [1886]), without presenting any evidence other than superficial physical similarity. That status was contradicted by Barbour and Noble (1916), although Barbour (1937) later reverted to the subspecific designation. Carey (1977) recognized Cyclura onchiopsis as a full species, but most subsequent authorities followed Schwartz and Thomas (1975) in recognizing it as a subspecies. Powell (1999) re-elevated the taxon to full species status." 173020,Potadomoides pelseneeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Potadomoides,pelseneeri,,,,,"Leloup, 1953", 173098,Grandidieria burtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Grandidieria,burtoni,,,,,"(Woodward, 1859)", 173022,Pisidium chandanbariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,chandanbariensis,,,,,"Nesemann, Shah & Tachamo, 2007","Pisidium (Afropisidium) chandanbariensis Nesemann, Shah & Tachamo 2007 is a newly described species from Nepal (Nesemann et al. 2007). " 173023,Pisidium ellisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ellisi,,,,,"Dance, 1967", 173100,Mweruella mweruensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Mweruella,mweruensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1908)", 173026,Corbicula aurea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,aurea,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007","Corbicula aurea was described in 2007 (Nesemann et al. 2007). Taxonomic research is needed to reconfirm the validity of this species (A. Dey, pers. comm. 2010)." 173027,Corbicula iravadica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,iravadica,,,,,"Blanford, 1880", 173028,Corbicula noetlingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,noetlingi,,,,,"von Martens, 1899", 173030,Lamellidens narainpirensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,narainpirensis,,,,,"Preston, 1912","Lamellidens narainporensis is possibly a synonym of L. corrianus and taxonomic work is required to confirm the status of the species." 173106,Prisodontopsis aviculaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Prisodontopsis,aviculaeformis,,,,,"Woodward, 1991","This species is also known as Prisodontopsis johnstoni (E.A. Smith 1893) in recent literature, but that name is a primary homonym of Unio johnstoni Etheridge, 1881." 173035,Oxynaia pugio,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Oxynaia,pugio,,,,,"(Benson, 1862)",
 173036,Parreysia chaudhurii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,chaudhurii,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)","According to Prashad (1922) Parreysia chaudhurii may be a form of P. bonneaudi." 173037,Parreysia choprae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,choprae,,,,,"Prashad, 1930", 173038,Parreysia crispisulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,crispisulcata,,,,,"(Benson, 1862)",
173039,Parreysia cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,cylindrica,,,,,"Annandale & Prashad, 1919","Although this species was omitted by Haas (1967), it is considered a valid species by Ramakrishna & Dey (2007), Graf & Cummings (2007) and Bogan (2010)." 173040,Parreysia feae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,feae,,,,,"(Tapparone-Canefri, 1889)", 173041,Parreysia feddeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,feddeni,,,,,"(Theobald, 1873)",
 173125,Inversidens brandtii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Inversidens,brandtii,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1879)", 173066,Megalonaias nervosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Megalonaias,nervosa,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","Megalonaias boykiniana was synonymized under this species by Mulvey et al. (1997).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 173143,Parreysia mandelayensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,mandelayensis,,,,,"(Theobald, 1874)",
173144,Parreysia olivacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,olivacea,,,,,"Prashad, 1930", 173145,Parreysia perconvexa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,perconvexa,,,,,"Preston, 1912", 173146,Parreysia shurtleffiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parreysia,shurtleffiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)", 173148,Pisidium kuiperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,kuiperi,,,,,"Dance, 1967", 173149,Pseudodon avae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,avae,,,,,"(Theobald, 1873)","
" 173150,Pseudodon crebristriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,crebristriata,,,,,"(Anthony, 1865)","Preston (1915) considered Pseudodon crebristriata as a variety of P. peguensis.
" 173151,Pseudodon peguensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,peguensis,,,,,"(Anthony, 1865)","Pseudodon peguensis was earlier known as Monocondylaea peguensis and Trigonodon peguensis (Preston 1915). " 173153,Sphaerium avanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,avanum,,,,,"Theobald, 1873", 173156,Iravadia princeps,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,princeps,,,,,"Preston, 1915", 173157,Neritina platyconcha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,platyconcha,,,,,"Annandale & Prashad, 1919", 173160,Lymnaea shanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,shanensis,,,,,"Annandale, 1918","Three forms of Lymnaea shanensis are reported, namely, typica, superstes and hehoensis. Subba Rao (1989) considers that these may be phenotypic variations." 173161,Radix brevicauda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,brevicauda,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1873)", 173162,Radix hookeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,hookeri,,,,,"(Reeve, 1850)", 173168,Gyraulus velifer,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,velifer,,,,,"(Annandale, 1918)","Although Annandale (1918) identified this as Gyraulus velifer, he himself pointed out this taxa to be a variety or phase of G. saigonensis." 173170,Segmentina taia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,taia,,,,,"(Annandale & Rao, 1925)","Subba Rao (1989) treated Segmentina taia as Segmentina (Poolypylis) taia (Annandale and Rao, 1925)" 173171,Bithynia lithoglyphoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,lithoglyphoides,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007","Bithynia lithoglyphoides is the current valid name of Digoniostoma lithoglyphoides, a newly described species (Nesemann et al. 2007)." 173172,Gabbia alticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,alticola,,,,,"Annandale, 1918","Gabbia alticola was described as Amnicola alticola (Subba Rao 1989)." 173174,Gabbia stenothyroides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,stenothyroides,,,,,"Dohrn, 1857", 173175,Pila nevilliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,nevilliana,,,,,"(Annandale & Prashad, 1921)","Pila nevilliana is known only by its type series. Pila nevilliana Annandale & Prashad 1921 was not considered a synonym of P. virens by Prashad (1925). Instead, what Prashad wrote was ""... that the species is doubtfully to be placed next to P. virens (Lam)."" K. Hayes (pers. comm. 2010) interprets this to mean he considered it a valid species, but could not fully evaluate its relationship to other Pila species since he did not have fresh material. It is possible that it could be a synonym of P. virens (reported as such by Ramakrishna and Dey 2007), but no one that we are aware of has evaluated these taxa to determine their taxonomic status. As such, it must still be considered a valid species.
" 173176,Stenothyra monilifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,monilifera,,,,,"(Benson, 1856)","Stenothyra monilifera was described as Nematura monilifera." 173177,Tricula godawariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,godawariensis,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007","Tricula godawariensis Nesemann and Sharma, 2007 is a newly described species from Nepal (Nesemann et al. 2007)." 173180,Tricula mahadevensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,mahadevensis,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007", 173181,Tricula martini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,martini,,,,,"Rao, 1928","Abbott (1948) believes this species is actually an Oncomelania." 173182,Tricula taylori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,taylori,,,,,"Rao, 1928", 173183,Melanoides pyramis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,pyramis,,,,,"(Hutton, 1850)", 173184,Paludomus andersoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,andersoniana,,,,,"Nevill, 1877", 173185,Paludomus burmanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,burmanica,,,,,"Nevill, 1877", 173186,Paludomus dhuma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,dhuma,,,,,"Rao, 1925", 173187,Paludomus nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,nana,,,,,"Nevill, 1881", 173188,Paludomus parvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,parvula,,,,,"Rao, 1929","According to Subba Rao (1989) Paludomus parvula might be a variety of Paludomus regulata." 173192,Thiara rudis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,rudis,,,,,"(Lea, 1850)", 173194,Uraeotyphlus gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Uraeotyphlus,gansi,,,,,"Gower, Rajendran, Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 2008","In the Uraeotyphlus malabaricus group according to the original description (Gower et al. 2008)." 173201,Hipparchia tilosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,tilosi,,,,,"(Manil, 1984)", 173203,Erebia mnestra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,mnestra,,,,,"(Hübner, 1804)", 173205,Aglais ichnusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Aglais,ichnusa,,,,,"(Bonelli, 1826)", 173206,Hipparchia neapolitana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,neapolitana,,,,,"Stauder, 1921", 173209,Hipparchia fagi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,fagi,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1763)", 173210,Erebia stiria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,stiria,,,,,"(Godart, 1824)", 173211,Lysandra coridon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lysandra,coridon,,,,,"(Poda, 1761)", 173215,Pararge xiphia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pararge,xiphia,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 173216,Pyrgus andromedae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,andromedae,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1853)", 173217,Carcharodus baeticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Carcharodus,baeticus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)", 173218,Erebia rondoui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,rondoui,,,,,"Oberthür, 1908","This species was recently split from Spanish Brassy Ringlet (E. hispania)." 173220,Hipparchia gomera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,gomera,,,,,"Higgins, 1967", 173222,Cyclyrius webbianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cyclyrius,webbianus,,,,,"(Brullé, 1839)", 173223,Gonepteryx cleobule,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Gonepteryx,cleobule,,,,,"(Hübner, 1825)","The Canary Brimstone used to be considered a subspecies of the Cleopatra (G. cleopatra)." 173226,Pyrgus cacaliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,cacaliae,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)", 173227,Oeneis glacialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Oeneis,glacialis,,,,,"(Moll, 1783)", 173230,Erebia montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,montana,,,,,"(de Prunner, 1798)", 173232,Pararge xiphioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pararge,xiphioides,,,,,"Staudinger, 1871", 173233,Hipparchia volgensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,volgensis,,,,,"(Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952)", 173234,Erebia rhodopensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,rhodopensis,,,,,"Nicholl, 1900", 173236,Erebia meolans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,meolans,,,,,"(de Prunner, 1798)", 173237,Erebia pluto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,pluto,,,,,"(De Prunner, 1798)", 173238,Hipparchia miguelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,miguelensis,,,,,"(Le Cerf, 1935)", 173242,Erebia eriphyle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,eriphyle,,,,,"(Freyer, 1836)", 173243,Pyrgus warrenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,warrenensis,,,,,"(Verity, 1928)", 173244,Euchloe grancanariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Euchloe,grancanariensis,,,,,"Acosta, 2008","Euchloe grancanariensis was formerly considered a subspecies of the Green-striped White (E. belemia)." 173245,Coenonympha gardetta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,gardetta,,,,,"(De Prunner, 1798)", 173246,Erebia oeme,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,oeme,,,,,"(Hübner, 1804)", 173247,Pseudophilotes panoptes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudophilotes,panoptes,,,,,"(Hübner, 1813)", 173248,Erebia tyndarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,tyndarus,,,,,"(Esper, 1781)", 173249,Vanessa vulcania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Vanessa,vulcania,,,,,"(Godart, 1819)", 173250,Erebia lefebvrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,lefebvrei,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1828)", 173251,Melitaea asteria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melitaea,asteria,,,,,"Freyer, 1828", 173253,Erebia pronoe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,pronoe,,,,,"(Esper, 1780)", 173254,Hipparchia semele,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,semele,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 173255,Pyrgus foulquieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,foulquieri,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1910)","This species was first assessed under the name P. bellieri. However, as descriptions of both Syrichtus alveus f. foulquieri and Syrichtus alveus f. bellieri were published simultaneously by Oberthür in 1910, the name used by the first reviser (i.e. Rebel in 1914), Pyrgus foulquieri, should be used in accordance with ICZN (Wiemer et al. 2018)." 173256,Agriades glandon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Agriades,glandon,,,,,"(de Prunner, 1798)", 173257,Polyommatus nivescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,nivescens,,,,,"(Keferstein, 1851)", 173258,Erebia claudina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,claudina,,,,,"(Borkhausen, 1789)", 173259,Erebia flavofasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,flavofasciata,,,,,"Heyne, 1895", 173261,Erebia triarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,triarius,,,,,"(de Prunner, 1798)", 173262,Lysandra hispana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lysandra,hispana,,,,,"(Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)", 173263,Colias phicomone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colias,phicomone,,,,,"(Esper, 1780)", 173264,Erebia nivalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,nivalis,,,,,"Lorkovic & De Lesse, 1954", 173266,Euchloe hesperidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Euchloe,hesperidum,,,,,"Rothschild, 1913", 173268,Aricia morronensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aricia,morronensis,,,,,"(Ribbe, 1910)", 173269,Agriades pyrenaicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Agriades,pyrenaicus,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1840)", 173270,Melitaea varia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melitaea,varia,,,,,"Meyer-Dür, 1851", 173271,Polyommatus orphicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,orphicus,,,,,"Kolev, 2005", 173272,Thymelicus christi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Thymelicus,christi,,,,,"(Rebel, 1894)","Thymelicus christi was formerly considered a subspecies of the Lulworth Skipper (T. acteon)." 173273,Polyommatus eleniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,eleniae,,,,,"Coutsis & De Prins, 2005", 173275,Erebia manto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,manto,,,,,"([Dennis & Schiffermüller], 1775)", 173276,Anthocharis euphenoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Anthocharis,euphenoides,,,,,"Staudinger, 1869", 173277,Pseudophilotes baton,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudophilotes,baton,,,,,"(Bergsträsser, 1779)", 173278,Erebia albergana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,albergana,,,,,"(de Prunner, 1798)", 173280,Erebia epistygne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,epistygne,,,,,"(Hübner, 1819)", 173281,Coenonympha orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,orientalis,,,,,"Rebel, 1910","The taxonomic status of this taxon and its relationship to C. leander, C. arcania, and C. gardetta are unclear and require further research." 173282,Satyrus actaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Satyrus,actaea,,,,,"(Esper, 1781)", 173283,Erebia pharte,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,pharte,,,,,"(Hübner, 1804)", 173284,Erebia epiphron,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,epiphron,,,,,"(Knoch, 1783)", 173285,Erebia calcarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,calcarius,,,,,"Lorkovic, 1953", 173286,Euchloe eversi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Euchloe,eversi,,,,,"Stamm, 1963"," Euchloe eversi was considered a subspecies of the Green-striped White (E. belemia). Based on studies in molecular biology, it has been separated from the nominate species (Back et al. 2008) , but recent studies put this conclusion again under discussion (Suarez et al. 2009)." 173288,Melanargia lachesis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melanargia,lachesis,,,,,"(Hübner, 1790)", 173289,Satyrus virbius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Satyrus,virbius,,,,,"Herrich-Schäffer, [1844]", 173293,Erebia orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,orientalis,,,,,"Elwes, 1900", 173295,Polyommatus nephohiptamenos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,nephohiptamenos,,,,,"(Brown & Coutsis, 1978)", 173296,Coenonympha rhodopensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,rhodopensis,,,,,"Elwes, 1900", 173297,Laeosopis roboris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Laeosopis,roboris,,,,,"(Esper, 1794)", 173299,Hipparchia bacchus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,bacchus,,,,,"Higgins, 1967", 173300,Polyommatus pljushtchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,pljushtchi,,,,,"Lukhtanov & Budashkin, 1993", 173301,Euchloe simplonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Euchloe,simplonia,,,,,"(Freyer, 1829)", 173302,Pseudochazara orestes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,orestes,,,,,"de Prins & van der Poorten, 1981", 173303,Erebia melampus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,melampus,,,,,"(Fuessly, 1775)", 173304,Hipparchia tamadabae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,tamadabae,,,,,"Owen & Smith, 1992", 173306,Polyommatus fulgens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,fulgens,,,,,"(de Sagarra, 1925)","This butterfly used to be considered a subspecies of the Furry Blue (P. dolus), but there is a clear difference in the number of chromosomes of each species." 173307,Pyrgus carlinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,carlinae,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)", 173308,Hipparchia wyssii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,wyssii,,,,,"(Christ, 1889)", 173309,Pyrgus malvoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,malvoides,,,,,"(Elwes & Edwards, 1897)", 173311,Polyommatus aroaniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,aroaniensis,,,,,"(Brown, 1976)", 173313,Pieris balcana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pieris,balcana,,,,,"Lorkovic, 1968", 173314,Erebia melas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,melas,,,,,"(Herbst, 1796)", 173315,Melitaea parthenoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melitaea,parthenoides,,,,,"Keferstein, 1851", 173316,Erebia styx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,styx,,,,,"(Freyer, 1834)", 17399,Pisidium fultoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,fultoni,,,,,"Kuiper, 1983","

The species has been listed in the family Sphaeriidae. Although some authors regard Pisidium as worthy of listing within a distinct family, Pisiidae, traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae.

" 174103,Rhadinaea gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,gaigeae,,,,,"Bailey, 1937", 174134,Kaestlea travancorica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Kaestlea,travancorica,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Kaestlea travancorica was described by Beddome in 1870 as Mocoa travancorica based on specimens collected from Travancore hills in Kerala (Smith 1935). Members of the this genus have been assigned to various genera and until recently were placed in the genus Scincella until Eremchenko and Das (2004) erected a new genus Kaestlea to accommodate peninsular Indian species." 17441,Pittoconcha concinna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Pittoconcha,concinna,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 17444,Placostylus ambagiosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,ambagiosus,,,,,"(Suter, 1906)", 17445,Placostylus bollonsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,bollonsi,,,,,"Suter, 1908", 17446,Placostylus hongii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,hongii,,,,,(Lesson 1830), 17447,Placostylus bivaricosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,bivaricosus,,,,,"Gaskoin, 1854", 174479,Ctenosaura praeocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,praeocularis,,,,,"Hasbún & Köhler, 2009",Ctenosaura praeocularis was recently described and may be previously referenced in the literature as Ctenosaura flavidorsalis and less often as Ctenosaura quinquecarinata. 174489,Labeo curchius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,curchius,,,,,(Hamilton 1822),"

There is a taxonomic ambiguity regarding the validity of this species. Labeo curchius was originally described by Hamilton (1822) as Cyprinus curchius from freshwaters of Bengal. Hamilton himself was aware of the similarity between Cyprinus curchius, C. cursa and C. gonius and it is reflected in Day (1873a). M’Clelland (1839) suggested that Cyprinus curchius and allied species namely C. cursa and C. cursis were not different but were varieties resulting from domestication of the fish. Cuvier and Valenciennes (1842) proposed new genus Labeo and realized that there is similarity between Labeo curchius and L. gonius. Günther (1868) and Beavan (1877) both considered Labeo curchius as a synonym of L. cursa. In the early years Day (1873b) considered this species valid as Labeo curchius, however, in the later years Day (1877; 1878) synonymized L. curchius to more wide spread species L. gonius. Fowler (1924) never doubted the synonymy of L. curchius and L. gonius but suggested that the species should be called L. curchius because of page priority. However, more recent publications by Menon (1999) and Jayaram and Dhas (2000) considered L. gonius as valid species and L. curchius as a junior synonym.


Both Fishbase (2010) and Catalog of fishes (Echmeyer 2010) consider L. curchius as valid based on Doi (1997). However, even though Doi (1997) has mentioned the species in the list of fishes from South-east Asia, no rationale is given regarding the validity of the species. Therefore, the species identified as Labeo curchius from the Salween basin may refer to a hitherto undescribed species of Labeo." 17449,Placostylus cuniculinsulae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,cuniculinsulae,,,,,"Cox, 1872", 174490,Neolissochilus stevensonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,stevensonii,,,,,(Day 1870),"Day (1870) described Barbus (Barbodes) stevensonii from Sittwe (formerly Akyab), Myanmar.  Later Rainboth 1985 included the species under the genus Neolissochilus." 174495,Sarasaeschna minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,minuta,,,,,"(Asahina, 1986)", 174496,Petaliaeschna flavipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Petaliaeschna,flavipes,,,,,"Karube, 1999","

Petaliaeschna pinratanai Yeh, 1999 is a junior synonym of this species. 

" 174499,Badis dibruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,dibruensis,,,,,"Geetakumari & Vishwanath, 2010","Geetakumari and Vishwanath (2010) described Badis dibruensis from Dibru River, Brahmaputra drainage, Assam." 17450,Placostylus eddystonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,eddystonensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1855", 174500,Oreichthys crenuchoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Oreichthys,crenuchoides,,,,,"Schäfer, 2009","Oreichthys crenuchoides was described from the Jorai River (part of the Brahmaputra River drainage) in northern West Bengal, India (Schäfer 2009)." 174501,Pseudolaguvia ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,ferruginea,,,,,"Ng, 2009","Pseudolaguvia ferruginea was described from the Brahmaputra River drainage in West Bengal, India (Ng 2009)." 174502,Pseudolaguvia flavida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,flavida,,,,,"Ng, 2009","Pseudolaguvia flavida was described from the Bhagirathi River (a distributary of the Ganges River) in West Bengal, India, from a single specimen (Ng 2009)." 174503,Macrognathus dorsiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,dorsiocellatus,,,,,"Britz, 2010","This species was called M. aral, but is now considered a valid species (Britz 2010)." 174504,Macrognathus lineatomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,lineatomaculatus,,,,,"Britz, 2010","Macrognathus lineatomaculatus was previously grouped with M. aral, but is now considered a separate species (Britz 2010)." 174505,Macrognathus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,obscurus,,,,,"Britz, 2010", 174506,Macrognathus pavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,pavo,,,,,"Britz, 2010",Macrognathus pavo is a recently described species (Britz 2010). 174508,Hypsibarbus myitkyinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,myitkyinae,,,,,"(Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)","Hypsibarbus myitkyinae was described from Indawgyi Lake in the Upper Irrawaddy River drainage (Prashad and Mukerji 1929). The species was originally described as a species of Barbus, but was reassigned to the genus Hypsibarbus by Rainboth (1996). This species, along with H. oatesi, has often been the source of taxonomic confusion in the past. Pillay (1951) placed both species in synonymy with Puntius sarana based on similar scale counts, a taxonomic act that some authors (e.g. Talwar and Jhingran 1991) follow. Both Hypsibarbus species differ from P. sarana and its close relatives in external characters of scale morphology, dorsal fin spine serration and mouth inclination (Rainboth 1996).

Puntius jayarami is questionably a synonym of H. myitkyinae (Kottelat 2013)." 17451,Placostylus fibratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,fibratus,,,,,"Martyn, 1789", 174510,Devadatta multinervosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,multinervosa,,,,,"Fraser, 1933","The species was described, and remains known from, a single teneral (freshly emerged) male (Fraser 1933). The original description is unillustrated and according to Lieftinck (1969) the superior appendages of the type (in the Paris Museum) are missing, making comparison with any fresh specimens that become available problematic." 174515,Mnais yunosukei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnais,yunosukei,,,,,"(Asahina, 1990)", 174516,Noguchiphaea mattii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Noguchiphaea,mattii,,,,,"Do, 2008",The female of this species has not yet been described. 174517,Vestalis amoena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,amoena,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 174518,Vestalis anne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,anne,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1985","
" 17452,Placostylus porphyrostomus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,porphyrostomus,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1851", 174521,Indocypha silbergliedi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Indocypha,silbergliedi,,,,,"Asahina, 1988","

Zhang et al. (2010) pointed out that according to the rules of International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the correct spelling of the specific epithet of this species is silbergliedi, not silvergliedi. However, the World Odonata List (Schorr et al. 2010) considers Indocypha silvergliedi as a valid name.


" 174522,Libellago aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,aurantiaca,,,,,"(Selys, 1859)", 174523,Rhinocypha arguta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,arguta,,,,,"Hämäläinen & Divasiri, 1997",The female of this species is undescribed. 174525,Aciagrion borneense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,borneense,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 174526,Agriocnemis carmelita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,carmelita,,,,,"Selys, 1877",The species was described from a single female specimen (de Selys-Longchamps1877). 174527,Agriocnemis nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,nana,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1914", 174528,Archibasis viola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,viola,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948","Prior to its description in 1949 the species was misidentified as A. melanocyana (Selys, 1877)." 174529,Ceriagrion calamineum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,calamineum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1951","
" 174530,Ceriagrion pallidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,pallidum,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 174534,Mortonagrion falcatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,falcatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1934", 174537,Chlorogomphus arooni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,arooni,,,,,"Asahina, 1981", 174542,Idionyx iida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,iida,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2002",The female of the species is not yet described. 174544,Idionyx thailandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,thailandica,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1985", 174547,Macromia chaiyaphumensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,chaiyaphumensis,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1986", 174551,Macromia pyramidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,pyramidalis,,,,,"Martin, 1907","Macromia pyramidalis Martin, 1907 was described from male and female specimens collected in Tonkin. Wilson and Reels (2001) raised a number of issues concerning the Macromia pyramidalis type specimens. The male specimen Martin described as M. pyramidalis, has the characteristics of Macromia moorei malayana Laidlaw 1928 and is almost certainly synonymous with it, but the female specimen is identical to Macromia berlandi Lieftinck, 1941. Martin's (1907) describes the type male with tenth abdominal segment as having a bump, which forms a not very pointed pyramid (M. berlandi has a very sharply pointed or spine-like pyramidal process). An examination of the M. pyramidalis types, if they could be found (Martin commented that the male and female types were not in the Selys collection, but the actual location was not given), would likely reveal the female to be synonymous with M. berlandi and the male synonymous with M. moorei fumata  Krüger, 1899. Note Lieftinck (1929) considered  Macromia moorei malayana was synonymous with Macromia moorei fumata.

Lieftinck (1941) described M. berlandi from a Tonkinese male specimen identified by Martin (1907) as Macromia borneensis Krüger, 1899; the latter taxon is now recognised as a synonym of Macromia cincta Rambur, 1842. Wilson & Reels (2001) described the first female specimen of M. berlandi from a Hong Kong specimen. In summary Martin (1907) examined two males and one female Macromia speciemens collected from Tonkin in the Selys collection. These three specimens represent: (i) a male he misidentified as Macromia borneensis (= holotype M. berlandi male), (ii) a second male (type M. pyramidalis male = M. moorei malayana = M. moorei fumata) and (iii) a female (type M. pyramidalis = M. berlandi female).

There are two courses of corrective action possible: (1) Designate the male specimen, described by Martin (1907) as M. pyramidalis, as the holotype pyramidalis specimen. M. pyramidalis would then become a junior synonym of Macromia moorei Selys, 1874 and  the new combination Macromia moorei pyramidalis Martin, 1907 would become a junior synonym of Macromia moorei fumata (= M. moorei malayana). (2) Designate the female specimen as the holotype. M. pyramidalis Martin, 1907 would remain a valid taxon and Macromia berlandi Lieftinck, 1941 would be a junior synonym. The assessor strongly favours the first course of action which would have the least impact on current nomenclature and render Macromia berlandi a valid species." 17460,Plagiodontia aedium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Plagiodontia,aedium,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1836",This species includes hylaeum as a subspecies (Wilson and Reeder 1993). 17464,Plagiolepis grassei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Plagiolepis,grassei,,,,,"Le Masne, 1956", 17465,Plagiolepis ampeloni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Plagiolepis,ampeloni,,,,,"(Faber, 1969)", 17466,Plagiolepis regis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Plagiolepis,regis,,,,,"Karavaiev, 1931", 17478,Planilaoma luckmanii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Planilaoma,luckmanii,,,,,"(Brazier, 1877)", 17479,Planorbella magnifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,magnifica,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1903)", 17480,Planorbella multivolvis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,multivolvis,,,,,"(Case, 1847)", 175078,Corbicula krishnaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,krishnaea,,,,,"Ray, 1967",This species is only known from the type specimen. 175080,Corbicula regularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,regularis,,,,,"Prime, 1860", 175081,Pila virens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,virens,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)","
" 175083,Pila saxea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,saxea,,,,,"(Reeve, 1856)","This species was described as Ampullaria saxea and later it was assigned to genus Turbinicola, but this has now been assigned as subgenus. The correct generic name is Pila." 175084,Neritina perottetiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,perottetiana,,,,,"(Recluz, 1841)","The taxonomy of neritids is ""in state of flux""; the delineation of this species needs further investigation." 175085,Stagnicola tungabhadraensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,tungabhadraensis,,,,,"(Ray, 1967)",This species is not reported after its description. Subba Rao (1989) suggests to study the anatomy of the species to confirm its identity. 175086,Pettancylus tenuis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,tenuis,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1862)","This species was previously classified in the family Ancylidae. Recent molecular analyses (e.g. Albrecht et al. 2007) have included it within Planorbidae, subfamily Ancylinae." 175087,Gabbia travancorica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,travancorica,,,,,"(Benson, 1860)",This species has been described as Bithynia travancorica. 175089,Mysorella costigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Mysorella,costigera,,,,,"(Kűster, 1852)", 175091,Sataria everzardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Sataria,everzardi,,,,,"Blanford, 1880", 175092,Stenothyra minima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,minima,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1837)", 175093,Iravadia annadalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,annadalei,,,,,"Preston, 1916", 175095,Iravadia funerea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,funerea,,,,,"Preston, 1916", 175097,Cremnoconchus carinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITTORINIDAE,Cremnoconchus,carinatus,,,,,"(Layard, 1854)", 175098,Cremnoconchus conicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITTORINIDAE,Cremnoconchus,conicus,,,,,"Blanford, 1870", 175099,Cremnoconchus syhadrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITTORINIDAE,Cremnoconchus,syhadrensis,,,,,"(Blanford, 1863)", 175101,Paracrostoma martini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Paracrostoma,martini,,,,,"Kohler & Glaubrecht, 2007",This species is described recently from the Western Ghats. There is no taxonomic problem with this species. 175102,Paracrostoma tigrinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Paracrostoma,tigrinus,,,,,"Kohler & Glaubrecht, 2007", 175104,Faunus ater,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Faunus,ater,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 175105,Paludomus annandalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,annandalei,,,,,"Preston, 1909", 175106,Paludomus inflatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,inflatus,,,,,"Brot, 1880",This species has been synonymised with Paludomus striatula (Nevill) by Starmuhlner (1977) 175107,Paludomus obesus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,obesus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1842)",This species is described as Melania obesa. 175108,Paludomus rotunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,rotunda,,,,,"Blanford, 1870", 175109,Paludomus stomatodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,stomatodon,,,,,"Benson, 1862", 175110,Paludomus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,sulcatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1847", 17512,Platyla foliniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,foliniana,,,,,"(Nevill, 1879)", 17513,Platyla lusitanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,lusitanica,,,,,"Holyoak & Seddon, 1985", 175071,Scaphula nagarjunai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,ARCIDA,ARCIDAE,Scaphula,nagarjunai,,,,,"Janaki Ram & Radhakrishna, 1984", 175074,Villorita corbiculoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Villorita,corbiculoides,,,,,"Prashad, 1927", 175075,Villorita cornucopia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Villorita,cornucopia,,,,,"Prashad, 1921", 17514,Platyla maasseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,maasseni,,,,,"Boeters, Gittenberger & Subai, 1989",Was in the IUCN Red List from 1996 to 2006 incorrectly spelt as Platyla maaseni. 175076,Villorita cyprinoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Villorita,cyprinoides,,,,,"(Gray, 1825)", 175077,Corbicula annadalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,annadalei,,,,,"Prashad, 1928",This species is only known from the type specimen. 175150,Burmagomphus cauvericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,cauvericus,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 175151,Melanoneura bilineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Melanoneura,bilineata,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","" 175152,Elattoneura souteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,souteri,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 175153,Macromia indica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,indica,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","" 175154,Agriocnemis keralensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,keralensis,,,,,"Peters, 1981",The species is often confused with  Agriocnemis pygmaea due to the close similarity in morphological features. 175155,Euphaea dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,dispar,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",


175156,Chlorogomphus xanthoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,xanthoptera,,,,,"(Fraser, 1919)", 175157,Protosticta hearseyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,hearseyi,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","" 175158,Heliogomphus promelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,promelas,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 175159,Macromia annaimallaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,annaimallaiensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1931","" 17516,Platyla orthostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,orthostoma,,,,,"Jankiewicz, 1979",This species was previously described as Acicula (Platyla) orthostoma. 175160,Macromia ellisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,ellisoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","" 175161,Merogomphus longistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Merogomphus,longistigma,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)","" 175162,Protosticta gravelyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,gravelyi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915","" 175163,Idionyx galeata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,galeata,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 175164,Esme longistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Esme,longistyla,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 175165,Gomphidia t-nigrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,t-nigrum,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 175167,Heliogomphus kalarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,kalarensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1934", 175168,Idionyx nilgiriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,nilgiriensis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1918)","The species was originally described as Idiophya nilgiriensis. However, the species was later placed under the genus Idionyx (Fraser, 1924)." 175169,Euphaea fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,fraseri,,,,,"(Laidlaw,1920)", 17517,Platyla peloponnesica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,peloponnesica,,,,,"Boeters, Gittenberger & Subai, 1989", 175170,Esme mudiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Esme,mudiensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 175171,Idionyx corona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,corona,,,,,"Fraser, 1921", 175172,Protosticta davenporti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,davenporti,,,,,"Fraser, 1931","" 175173,Microgomphus souteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,souteri,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","Microgomphus souteri is distinguished by black labrum marked with two large triangular greenish spots and characteristic shape of the anal appendages." 175174,Macrogomphus wynaadicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,wynaadicus,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","" 175175,Indolestes pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,pulcherrimus,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","
" 175176,Caconeura t-coerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Caconeura,t-coerulea,,,,,"(Fraser, 1933)", 175177,Caconeura gomphoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Caconeura,gomphoides,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 175178,Onychogomphus nilgiriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,nilgiriensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","The subspecies Onychogomphus nilgiriensis annaimallaicus could actually qualify for a species status, however further taxonomic research is required." 175179,Epithemis mariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Epithemis,mariae,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1915)", 175180,Idionyx nadganiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,nadganiensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 175181,Elattoneura nigerrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,nigerrima,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1917)", 175182,Asiagomphus nilgiricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,nilgiricus,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1922)", 175183,Elattoneura tetrica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,tetrica,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1917)", 175184,Macromidia donaldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,donaldi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","
" 175185,Burmagomphus laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,laidlawi,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 175187,Macromia ida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,ida,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","" 175188,Megalogomphus hannyngtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,hannyngtoni,,,,,"(Fraser, 1923)", 175189,Idionyx rhinoceroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,rhinoceroides,,,,,"Fraser, 1934","" 175190,Macromia bellicosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,bellicosa,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 175191,Macromia irata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,irata,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","Macromia irata can be distinguished from other Macromia sp. by twin diamond shaped saddle markings on second abdominal segment." 175192,Protosticta sanguinostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,sanguinostigma,,,,,"Fraser, 1922", 175193,Idionyx periyashola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,periyashola,,,,,"Fraser, 1939", 175194,Euphaea cardinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,cardinalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 175195,Acrogomphus fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Acrogomphus,fraseri,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1925", 175196,Esme cyaneovittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Esme,cyaneovittata,,,,,"Fraser, 1922", 175197,Gomphidia fletcheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,fletcheri,,,,,"Fraser, 1923", 175199,Chlorogomphus campioni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,campioni,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 175200,Indosticta deccanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Indosticta,deccanensis,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1915)","" 175201,Phylloneura westermanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Phylloneura,westermanni,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1860)","" 175202,Protosticta antelopoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,antelopoides,,,,,"Fraser, 1931","" 175203,Disparoneura apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Disparoneura,apicalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 175319,Onychogomphus malabarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,malabarensis,,,,,"(Fraser,1924)", 17563,Platyops sterreri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,MYSIDA,MYSIDAE,Platyops,sterreri,,,,,"Bacescu & Iliffe, 1986","Platyops sterreri is a stygobitic mysid, endemic to anchialine caves in Bermuda and the only species in the genus. Size 2-3 mm; rectangular eyes, strongly dorso-ventrally flattened with tiny corneal side in lateral external position; pereiopod I bulky; pereiopod II almost 3 times longer and thin; telson vaguely linguiform with 3 lateral spines in distal 1/4,  2 long lateral spines and 2 shorter median ones on aptical side; pleopods small and similar (Bacescu and Iliffe, 1986)." 17611,Plegma caelatura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Plegma,caelatura,,,,,"Férussac, 1821", 17604,Plectranthias chungchowensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,chungchowensis,,,,,"Shen & Lin, 1984", 17612,Plentuisa vendia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Plentuisa,vendia,,,,,"Puente & Prieto, 1992", 176206,Ramphotyphlops willeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,willeyi,,,,,"(Boulenger in Willey, 1900)", 17622,Plethobasus cicatricosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Plethobasus,cicatricosus,,,,,"(Say, 1829)","Thomas Say originally described Unio cicatricosus in 1829. Isaac Lea described Unio varicosus later the same year. Both names were widely used in the literature; however, varicosus Lea was pre-occupied by varicosus Lamarck, 1819. Frierson (1911) synonomized Unio cicatricosus Say with Unio aesopus Green, 1827 (= Plethobasus cyphyus Rafinesque, 1820) and renamed Lea's shell as Unio detectus Frierson, 1911. He also named two additional species Unio cicatricoides and Unio comptertus as being part of this complex. In 1919, Ortmann synonomized all of Frierson's names under cicatricosus Say. Three years later Ortmann and Walker (1922) sunk cicatricosus into cyphyus. Recent authors have not followed Ortmann and Walker (1922) and recognize Plethobasus cicatricosus as distinct (Parmalee 1967, Bogan and Parmalee 1983, Cummings and Mayer 1992, Turgeon et al. 1998, Williams et al. 2008).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 17623,Plethobasus cooperianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Plethobasus,cooperianus,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)", 17625,Plethodon larselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,larselli,,,,,"Burns, 1953", 61511,Hyalosaurus koellikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Hyalosaurus,koellikeri,,,,,"Günther, 1873",This species was previously included in the genus Ophisaurus. 17626,Plethodon neomexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,neomexicanus,,,,,"Stebbins & Riemer, 1950", 176265,Anapistula ataecina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SYMPHYTOGNATHIDAE,Anapistula,ataecina,,,,,"Cardoso & Scharff, 2009",This newly described species was discovered in 2005. It is the single representative of the family Symphytognathidae in Europe with its closest relatives occurring in Cote D’Ivoire. 17627,Plethodon nettingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,nettingi,,,,,"Green, 1938",Plethodon hubrichti and P. shenandoah formerly were included in this species. 17628,Plethodon stormi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,stormi,,,,,"Highton and Brame, 1965","This species is morphologically somewhat similar to Plethodon elongatus, however they are genetically distinct (Mahoney 2001, Mead et al. 2005)." 17629,Plethodon shenandoah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,shenandoah,,,,,"Highton & Worthington, 1967", 176294,Brookesia bekolosy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,bekolosy,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995", 176295,Brookesia exarmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,exarmata,,,,,"Schimmenti & Jesu, 1996", 176296,Brookesia griveaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,griveaudi,,,,,"Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974", 176297,Brookesia stumpffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,stumpffi,,,,,"Boettger, 1894", 176298,Brookesia therezieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,therezieni,,,,,"Brygoo & Domergue, 1970", 176299,Brookesia tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,tuberculata,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894", 17630,Plethodon caddoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,caddoensis,,,,,"Pope and Pope, 1951", 176300,Brookesia valerieae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,valerieae,,,,,"Raxworthy, 1991", 176302,Calumma fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,fallax,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1900)","This species is very similar to Calumma nasutum Dumeril & Bibron, 1836 (Glaw and Vences 2007). The species taxonomy is currently uncertain and needs to be resolved." 176303,Calumma gallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,gallus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 176304,Calumma glawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,glawi,,,,,"Böhme, 1997", 176305,Calumma peyrierasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,peyrierasi,,,,,"(Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1974)", 176307,Trioceros chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,chapini,,,,,"(De Witte, 1964)", 17631,Plethodon fourchensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,fourchensis,,,,,"Duncan and Highton, 1979","This species is sometimes considered to be conspecific with Plethodon ouachitae, with which it integrades freely in its narrow zone of contact." 176310,Chamaeleo monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,monachus,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)","According to the phylogenetic tree by Macey et al. (2008) Chamaeleo monachus is the basal taxon of all other species of the Chamaeleo chamaeleon species group, and originated by an early vicariant isolation when Socotra detached from the other Gondwanan plates." 176311,Chamaeleo namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,namaquensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1831","This species represents a distinct phylogenetic lineage within Chamaeleo (Townsend and Larson 2002, Tolley et al. 2013). It diverged from other Chamaeleo approximately 38 mya (Tolley et al. 2013). Despite this, it is strongly supported as being in the Chamaeleo clade, and most other chameleon genera contain species or lineages of similar age. Therefore, although some suggestions have been made that this taxon could be representative of a separate genus (Townsend and Larson 2002, Tilbury 2010), the most parsimonious solution is to retain it within Chamaeleo in order to remain consistent within the context of the entire family." 176313,Trioceros cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,cristatus,,,,,"(Stutchbury, 1837)", 176314,Trioceros feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,feae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 176318,Trioceros montium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,montium,,,,,"(Buchholz, 1874)",Trioceros feae and T. camerunensis have previously been considered to be subspecies of T. montium. 176319,Furcifer cephalolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,cephalolepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 17632,Plethodon hubrichti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,hubrichti,,,,,"Thurow, 1957", 176320,Furcifer tuzetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,tuzetae,,,,,"(Brygoo, Bourgat & Domergue, 1972)", 176322,Rhampholeon spectrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,spectrum,,,,,"(Buchholz, 1874)","This species occurs in several disjunct subpopulations, and this unusual distribution may reflect a complex of several cryptic species (K. Tolley pers. comm. 2012). J. Mariaux (pers. comm.) suggests that Congolese specimens at least may represent a separate species." 17633,Plethodon ouachitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,ouachitae,,,,,"Dunn and Heinze, 1933",Petranka (1998) included Plethodon fourchensis in this species. The two species integrade freely in their narrow zone of contact. 17665,Pleurobema clava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,clava,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)", 176666,Homalopsis nigroventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Homalopsis,nigroventralis,,,,,"Deuve, 1970",This is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Homalopsis buccata. 176667,Gyiophis maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Gyiophis,maculosa,,,,,"(Blanford, 1881)", 176668,Miralia alternans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Miralia,alternans,,,,,"(Reuss, 1833)", 176669,Enhydris longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Enhydris,longicauda,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)","Very closely related to E. innominata and E. jagorii with very similar morphology and DNA, they may even be conspecific." 17667,Pleurobema marshalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,marshalli,,,,,"Frierson, 1927", 176670,Gerarda prevostiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Gerarda,prevostiana,,,,,"(Edydoux & Gervais, 1837)","Although Sri Lankan and Southeast Asian populations of this species exhibit little variation, mitochondrial data suggest divergence of approximately 3% between sequences from Sri Lanka and Singapore (Ukuwela et al. 2017)." 176672,Bitia hydroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Bitia,hydroides,,,,,"Gray, 1842",This species is the sole member of its genus. 176673,Raclitia indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Raclitia,indica,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 176674,Myrrophis chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Myrrophis,chinensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 176675,Enhydris chanardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Enhydris,chanardi,,,,,"Murphy & Voris, 2005", 176677,Myron richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Myron,richardsonii,,,,,"Gray, 1849",This taxon is probably a species complex of three distinct species with morphological evidence indicating that one specimen from the Aru Islands is distinct from the typical M. richardsonii; and likewise another two specimens (one from Broome) are also distinct from the typical M. richardsonii and the one from Aru (Murphy in prep.). 176678,Cantoria violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Cantoria,violacea,,,,,"Girard, 1858", 176679,Homalophis gyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Homalophis,gyii,,,,,"(Murphy, Voris & Auliya, 2005)", 17668,Pleurobema oviforme,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,oviforme,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 176680,Cerberus rynchops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Cerberus,rynchops,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","Based on morphology and DNA evidence, there are possible grounds for dividing this species into three: a South Asian species extending from India to Phuket, a Southeast Asian species from Phuket to Philippines and Indonesia, and a Palau species occurring in Palau exclusively." 176681,Phytolopsis punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Phytolopsis,punctata,,,,,"Gray, 1849","This may be a species complex comprising more than one species. However, it is difficult to differentiate based on the small number of specimens available." 176682,Homalopsis buccata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Homalopsis,buccata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Based on morphological information this is probably a complex of 3-6 different species (J. Murphy pers. comm. 2009). Two subspecies have been described: Homalopsis buccata buccata (Linnaeus, 1758) and H. buccata nigroventralis (Deuve, 1970)." 176683,Myrrophis bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Myrrophis,bennettii,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 176684,Enhydris jagorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Enhydris,jagorii,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)","Very closely related to E. innominata and E. longicauda with very similar morphology and DNA, they may even be conspecific.

Note this assessment excludes E. subtaeniata which is treated separately as a valid species." 176685,Homalophis doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Homalophis,doriae,,,,,"Peters, 1871", 176686,Gyiophis vorisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Gyiophis,vorisi,,,,,"Murphy, 2007", 176687,Enhydris enhydris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Enhydris,enhydris,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)", 176688,Heurnia ventromaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Heurnia,ventromaculata,,,,,"de Jong, 1926", 17669,Pleurobema plenum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,plenum,,,,,"(Lea, 1840)", 176690,Kualatahan pahangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Kualatahan,pahangensis,,,,,"(Tweedie, 1946)", 176691,Djokoiskandarus annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Djokoiskandarus,annulata,,,,,"(de Jong, 1926)",There is a manuscript in preparation that suggests that this species should not be in the genus Cantoria (J. Murphy in prep.). 176692,Subsessor bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Subsessor,bocourti,,,,,"(Jan, 1965)","The monotypic genus Subsessor was erected for this species, previously included in Enhydris, by Murphy and Voris (2014)." 176693,Enhydris subtaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Enhydris,subtaeniata,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)",This is treated by some authors as a synonym of E. jagorii (see The Reptile Database). 176695,Sumatranus albomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Sumatranus,albomaculatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 176697,Erpeton tentaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Erpeton,tentaculatum,,,,,"Lacépède, 1800", 176698,Ferania sieboldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Ferania,sieboldii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 176699,Hypsiscopus plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Hypsiscopus,plumbea,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Bernstein et al. (2021) identified three potentially species-level clades based on molecular evidence: one from China; a northern Southeast Asian lineage from Thailand and Laos; and a southern Southeast Asian lineage from Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia, the latter two separated by the Khorat Plateau." 17670,Pleurobema rubrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,rubrum,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 176700,Enhydris innominata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Enhydris,innominata,,,,,"(Morice, 1875)","Very closely related to E. jagorii and E. longicauda with very similar morphology and DNA, they may even be conspecific." 176701,Calamophis jobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Calamophis,jobiensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1874","It is not certain that this species belongs in the family Homalposidae (J. Murphy pers. comm. 2009). In addition, this species requires taxonomic clarification as it may be conspecific with B. albus." 176706,Emydocephalus ijimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Emydocephalus,ijimae,,,,,"Stejneger, 1898", 176707,Hydrophis pachycercos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,pachycercos,,,,,"Fischer, 1885","The neotype for this species was described in 2007, and was accompanied by several paratypes (Rasmussen et al. 2007)." 176709,Hydrophis brookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,brookii,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 176710,Hydrophis sibauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,sibauensis,,,,,"Rasmussen, Auliya & Böhme, 2001",This species has also been treated under the genus Chitulia. 176712,Hydrophis pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,pacificus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Molecular and morphological evidence suggests that this species might be a synonym of the very widespread Asian species Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Sanders et al. 2013), and this issue should be a priority for future taxonomic studies. However, because some morphological data indicate that we have more than one species involved in the Australian complex (Mirtschin et al. 2017),  we suggest following Cogger (1975) and using the name H. pacificus until this complex has been investigated more thoroughly.This species-complex has also been treated under the genus Leioselasma (Kharin 2005), however, based on molecular data is the species included in the genus Hydrophis (Sanders et al. 2013)." 176713,Hydrophis cantoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,cantoris,,,,,"Günther, 1864",This species is sometimes treated under the genus Microcephalophis. 176715,Hydrophis caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,caerulescens,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","The genus Polyodontognathus has been described for this species (Kharin 2004). Kharin (2004) also suggests there may be two subspecies: H. c .caerulescens in the west (India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Malacca Straits) and H. c. hybridus (Sclegel 1844) in the east (Thailand, Indonesia, Australia). Data from Sanders et al. (2013) confirmed that the taxon belongs to Hydrophis." 176717,Hydrophis spiralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,spiralis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)",This species has also been treated under the genus Leioselasma but is maintained in Hydrophis by Uetz et al. (2018). 17672,Pleurobema altum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,altum,,,,,"(Conrad, 1854)", 176720,Emydocephalus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Emydocephalus,annulatus,,,,,"Krefft, 1869","The taxonomic status of species in the genus Emydocephalus is uncertain. It has been suggested that populations of E. annulatus in the Philippines are a distinct species (Alcala et al. 2000). Systematic studies are needed to determine the taxonomic status and geographic distributions of species in the genus Emydocephalus (Rasmussen and Ineich 2010). A new species is descripted from Vietnam (Dotsenko 2011), excluding E. annulatus from that area. However, the new species is only based on one specimen giving some doubt of its validity." 176721,Laticauda semifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,semifasciata,,,,,"(Reinwardt in Schlegel, 1837)",This species has also been treated under the genus Pseudolaticauda (the subgeneric name). 176722,Hydrophis nigrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,nigrocinctus,,,,,"Daudin, 1803",This species has also been treated under the genus Disteira. 176723,Hydrophis torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,torquatus,,,,,"Günther, 1864",This is a species complex (A. Rasmussen pers. comm. 2009). Three subspecies have been described.

Has also been treated under the genus Chitulia. 176724,Hydrophis mamillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,mamillaris,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)",This species has also been treated under the genus Chitulia. 176725,Laticauda saintgironsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,saintgironsi,,,,,"Cogger & Heatwole, 2006",Previously subsumed under the specific name L. colubrina (Cogger and Heatwole 2006). 176726,Hydrophis cyanocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,cyanocinctus,,,,,"Daudin, 1803","In the Australian region, most people call this species H. pacificus and they may be the same species (A. Rasmussen pers. comm. 2008). Sometimes treated under the genus Leioselasma." 176727,Hydrophis ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,ocellatus,,,,,"Gray, 1849","Smith (1926) regarded H. ocellatus to be a subspecies of H. ornatus and referred Australian specimens previously included in H. ornatus to it. Later, H. o. ocellatus was raised to species level because of its distinctive DNA, colour pattern and a higher number of midbody scale rows compared with H. o. ornatus in Asia (Rasmussen et al. 2011, Rasmussen et al. 2014, K. L. Sanders et al. 2013, Smith 1974). This species has by some authors been treated as a subspecies under Chitulia ornata (Kharin 2005) but molecular studies in 2013 included it in the genus Hydrophis (Sanders et al. 2013)." 176728,Hydrophis bituberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,bituberculatus,,,,,"Peters, 1872",This species was known only from the holotype until 1987 (Rasmussen 1992).  Has also been treated under the genus Chitulia. 176729,Hydrophis major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,major,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)",This species has also been treated under the genus Disteira (Kharin and Czeblukov 2009) but molecular studies have included it in the genus Hydrophis (Sander et al. 2013). 17673,Pleurobema avellanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,avellanum,,,,,"Simpson, 1900", 176730,Hydrophis czeblukovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,czeblukovi,,,,,"(Kharin, 1984)","H. geometricus Smith, 1986, is a synonym for this species (Rasmussen and Smith 1997). It has also been treated under the genus Leioselasma by Kharin (2005b). However, molecular data indicate it belongs to the genus Hydrophis (Sanders et al. 2013)." 176731,Kolpophis annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Kolpophis,annandalei,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1901)", 176732,Hydrophis inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,inornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","This species has been described as synonymous with, or a subspecies of H. ornatus. Has also been treated under the genus Chitulia." 176733,Hydrophis stricticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,stricticollis,,,,,"Günther, 1864",This species has also been treated under the genus Chitulia. 176734,Hydrophis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,elegans,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","This species has a highly variable colour pattern throughout its range and, as currently recognized, may comprise a complex of two or more species (Cogger 1975, A. Rasmussen pers. comm. 2009). The taxon is sometimes treated under the genus Leioselasma, however, molecular analyses place it in Hydrophis (Sanders et al. 2013). A molecular study of 39 Sea Snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera. Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognising a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013)." 176735,Hydrophis atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,atriceps,,,,,"Günther, 1864","The identification and distribution of Hydrophis atriceps and H. fasciatus are based on Smith´s monograph (1926), where he separated them at a subspecies level and mentioned the typical form (Hydrophis fasciatus) occurs to west of the Malay Peninsula and the other form (Hydrophis atriceps) is found east of the Malay Peninsula throughout the Malay Archipelago and south to Australia. Smith mentioned the dividing line to be in the region of Singapore, despite including a specimen from China in the western subspecies and two specimens from India and Rangoon in the eastern form. The specimen from China, included by Smith in the western form (H. f. fasciatus), is the type of Hydrophis lindsayi (Gray 1831) which antedates the name H. f. atriceps by 22 years. This indicates that if the taxa are separated into two geographically distinct forms, and this specimen was incorrectly assigned by Smith (1926) to H. f. fasciatus, the right name for the eastern population would be H. fasciatus lindsayi and not H. fasciatus atriceps. Later, Cogger et al. (1983) raised the two taxa to species level, referring the Australian specimens to H. atriceps. Ward (1996) assigned five specimens to H. atriceps from the northern Australian continental shelf. All the specimens were collected by prawn trawlers (Ward 1996).Whether the name for an Australian population of the H. fasciatus complex proves to be atriceps, fasciatus or lindsayi, we regard the species to be in Australian waters based on at least one specimen from the region of Darwin (AMR14022) and the specimens mentioned by Ward (1996). We suggest using the name H. atriceps for the Australian population of this species until further taxonomic clarification (Rasmussen et al. 2014)." 176736,Laticauda frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,frontalis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1905)","Previously subsumed under the specific name L. colubrina, but it has been shown that these are sibling species which are reproductively isolated from each other (Shine et al. 2002)." 176737,Hydrophis ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,ornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","This species has three subspecies: Hydrophis ornatus ornatus (Gray, 1942), Hydrophis ornatus godeffroyi Peters, 1873, and Hydrophis ornatus ocellatus Gray, 1849. The status of these subspecies is very uncertain, and the subspecies ocellatus is treated in this assessment as a separate distinct species (H. Cogger pers. comm. 2009).

H. lamberti has been incorrectly considered a synonym of H. ornatus (Smith 1926). This species has also been treated under the genus Chitulia." 176739,Laticauda guineai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,guineai,,,,,"Heatwole, Busack & Cogger, 2005", 17674,Pleurobema beadleianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,beadleianum,,,,,"(Lea, 1861)",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 176740,Laticauda schistorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,schistorhynchus,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)","There is some debate as to whether L. schistorynchus is a separate species, or a subspecies of L. semifasciata, due to similarities in venom chemistry (Guinea et al. 1983, Tamiya et al. 1983) and morphology (McCarthy 1986). This is disputed by Cogger and Heatwole (2005).

The Reptile Database treats this species under the genus Pseudolaticauda." 176742,Thalassophis anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Thalassophis,anomalus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1852)", 176743,Hydrophis coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,coggeri,,,,,"(Kharin, 1984)",Some of Smith’s (1926) Hydrophis belcheri specimens have since been re-assigned to H. coggeri and all specimens called H. melanocephalus in Australian waters are regarded as H. coggeri (Rasmussen et al. 2014). Data from Sanders et al. (2013) confirmed that the taxon belongs to Hydrophis. 176744,Hydrophis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,fasciatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","After the separation of H. fasciatus and H. atriceps (Cogger et al. 1983), H. atriceps is only found east of Singapore and H. fasciatus west of Singapore (A. Rasmussen pers. comm. 2008)." 176745,Hydrophis macdowelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,macdowelli,,,,,"Kharin, 1983",Molecular phylogenies place Hydrophis macdowelli within Hydrophis as sister species to H. czeblukovi (Sanders et al. 2013). 176747,Hydrophis semperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,semperi,,,,,"Garman, 1881",This species has been treated under the genus Leioselasma. 176748,Aipysurus duboisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,duboisii,,,,,"Bavay, 1869","Aipysurus dubuisii has ventral scales each with a shallow posterior notch and weak median keel, and body scales smooth. In addition, all its head shields are fragmented except for rostral and nasal scales. This Sea Snake's colour is variable, typically purplish-brown with pale edges to scales forming reticulum, and often with cream bands tending to form triangular lateral blotches (Wilson and Swan 2013)." 176749,Hydrophis parviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,parviceps,,,,,"Smith, 1935", 17675,Pleurobema bournianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,bournianum,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1840)", 176750,Laticauda colubrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,colubrina,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","Before 2006, L. saintigironsi (endemic to New Caledonia), L. guineai (endemic to southern Papua New Guinea), and L. frontalis (a dwarf species endemic to Vanuatu) were considered to be the same species as L. colubrina (Heatwole et al. 2005, Cogger and Heatwole 2006)." 176751,Hydrophis belcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,belcheri,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","Many earlier references to this species, including most records from Australian waters, are based on the misidentification of a species previously known as H. melanocephalus. It has also been treated under the genus Chitulia (Kharin 2005a). Hydrophis belcheri was described by Gray (1849) who gave the type locality “New Guinea” with no further information. Smith (1926) re-described H. belcheri based on 21 specimens mainly from the Philippines, New Guinea and Fiji Islands. Most of Smith’s H. belcheri specimens have since been re-assigned to the following taxa: Hydrophis coggeri, H. czeblukovi, H. pachycercos and H. pacificus (Cogger 1975; Kharin 1983, 1984; Rasmussen et al.2007; Rasmussen et al. 2014; Rasmussen and Smith 1997)." 176752,Hydrophis obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,obscurus,,,,,"Daudin, 1803", 176753,Hydrophis klossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,klossi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912", 176754,Hydrophis lamberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,lamberti,,,,,"Smith, 1917",This species has been (incorrectly) described as a synonym of H. ornatus (Rasmussen 1989).  It has also been treated under the genus Chitulia. 176755,Ephalophis greyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Ephalophis,greyae,,,,,"Smith, 1931","Shea (1996) notes that the name of this species should be spelled greyae, not greyi, because it was named in honour of a Mrs. Beatrice Grey and hence should bear the feminine ending." 176756,Hydrophis peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,peronii,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)","A recent phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognising a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and is followed by most authors (D'Anastasi et al. 2016, Leviton et al. 2014, Lillywhite et al. 2014, Mirtschin et al. 2017, Rasmussen et al. 2014, Rezaie-Atagholipour et al. 2016, Udyawer et al. 2015, Ukuwela et al. 2014)." 176757,Aipysurus eydouxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,eydouxii,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 176758,Hydrophis laboutei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,laboutei,,,,,"Rasmussen & Ineich, 2000",This species is sometimes treated under the genus Chitulia. 176759,Hydrophis melanosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,melanosoma,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 17676,Pleurobema chattanoogaense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,chattanoogaense,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1858)", 176760,Aipysurus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,tenuis,,,,,"Lönnberg & Andersson, 1913","Aipysurus tenuis is a relatively slender snake that can be distinguished from closely-related A. laevis by the number of ventral scales (at least 180) and scale rows at mid-body (19) (Rasmussen et al. 2014). A. tenuis can reach a total length of 1.05 m with tail up to 14 cm. The head is brown and darker in colour than the rest of the body. Dorsally, most scales have a light brown edge in the middle and rear of the scale, and dark brown in the middle and the tip of the scale, forming longitudinal lines along the medial line and more or less distinct cross-bands on the sides(Cogger 2014, Mirtschin et al. 2017) . The body scales are smooth and imbricate (overlapping), and males may have small tubercles along hind edge of the scale. The anal scales are divided and overlapping. Subcaudals 33-36 and single. The head shields are enlarged, symmetrical and occasionally fragmented." 176761,Hydrophis kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,kingii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896",This species has also been treated under the genus Disteira (Kharin and Czeblukov 2009) but was included in the genus Hydrophis in 2013 (Sanders et al. 2013). 176762,Hydrophis melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,melanocephalus,,,,,"Gray, 1849",This species has been treated under the genus Leioselasma. 176763,Aipysurus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,fuscus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1837)","

Aipysurus fuscus is a small to moderately sized venomous snake, typically reaching a length of 60 cm and maximum total length of 98 cm (Cogger 2014, Francis 2006, Mirtschin et al. 2017, Storr et al. 2002). Adults are brown, blackish-brown or purplish-brown, but often have obscure, paler cross bands on the lower flanks. Sometimes the lateral scales will have a darker patch at the centre, resulting in faint, longitudinal striations; younger snakes are typically lighter and dark banded.

Aipysurus fuscus can be differentiated from closely related A. laevis by its smaller size, darker colouration and by the number of scales on belly and mid-body (155 – 172 ventral scales and less than 21 scale rows around the midbody). Other scale features used in taxonomy of A. fuscus include: head shields are regular with some fragmentation of scales occasionally (prefrontals, frontal and supraoculars) especially the parietals; upper labials six to nine, with the first three or four sometimes divided horizontally; anal scales are divided, while ventral scales are broad with a medium keel and no posterior notch. Body scales are smooth with some lowest rows weakly keeled in males. Body scales are imbricate (overlapping) and there are typically 19 scale rows around the neck and 19 around the mid-body. Females have between 24 to 33 subcaudal scales, while males have 30 to 37 subcaudal scales (Francis 2006, Rasmussen et al. 2014).

Microsatellite markers for A. fuscus and A. laevis sampled across four Timor Sea reefs were analysed to assess evidence for recent inter-specific gene flow and historical introgression (Sanders et al. 2014). The data fit an Isolation–Migration model, which showed significant and asymmetrical levels of gene flow following species divergence, and highest rates of introgression from the large A. laevis population into the much smaller A. fuscus population(Sanders et al. 2014). Population assignment analyses recovered two ancestral clusters that broadly corresponded to morphological species designations, but revealed high frequencies of hybrids on all four reefs and individuals of pure A. fuscus ancestry only at Scott and (historically) Ashmore. Most unexpectedly, 95% of snakes sampled at Hibernia were hybrids that resembled A. laevis in phenotype, revealing a collapse of reproductive barriers (‘reverse speciation’) at this reef. These results have dire implications for the conservation status of A. fuscus, and highlight the fragility of reproductive barriers in a recent marine radiation (Sanders et al. 2014).


" 176765,Hydrophis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,gracilis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","This species has also been treated under the genus Microcephalophis, however, a recent molecular phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognizing a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and are followed by most recent authors." 176766,Hydrelaps darwiniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrelaps,darwiniensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 176767,Kerilia jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Kerilia,jerdoni,,,,,"Gray, 1849",Smith (1926) described two subspecies: K. jerdoni jerdoni and K. jerdoni siamensis. Further studies are needed to finalize the validity of the two subspecies (Rasmussen and Anderson 1990). 176768,Hydrophis vorisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,vorisi,,,,,"Kharin, 1984", 17677,Parvaspina collina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parvaspina,collina,,,,,"(Conrad, 1837)", 176771,Laticauda laticaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Laticauda,laticaudata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There has been some discussion regarding two possible subspecies L. l. laticaudata (see Rasmussen 1989) and L. l. affinus (Anderson, 1871) (see Heatwole et al. 2005) though most authorities treat L. laticaudata as a single lineage. The Reptile Database lists a third subspecies L. l. wolfii Volsoe, 1956." 176772,Parahydrophis mertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parahydrophis,mertoni,,,,,"(Roux, 1910)", 176773,Hydrophis walli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,walli,,,,,"(Kharin, 1989)",The taxonomy of this species is currently under review. The Reptile Database treats this species under the genus Disteira. 17678,Pleurobema cordatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,cordatum,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 17680,Pleurobema flavidulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,flavidulum,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1861)", 17681,Pleurobema furvum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,furvum,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 17682,Pleurobema georgianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,georgianum,,,,,"I. Lea, 1841", 176823,Ithycyphus perineti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Ithycyphus,perineti,,,,,"Domergue, 1986", 176824,Leioheterodon modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Leioheterodon,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 176827,Liophidium apperti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,apperti,,,,,"Domergue, 1984", 176828,Liophidium therezieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,therezieni,,,,,"Domergue, 1984", 176829,Liophidium trilineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,trilineatum,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 17683,Pleurobema gibberum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,gibberum,,,,,"I. Lea, 1838", 176830,Liophidium vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,vaillanti,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1901)","Based on colour variations, Glaw and Vences (2007) hypothesized that more than one species may be hidden under the name Liophidium vaillanti. The population from Isalo also probably represents a distinct species (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2011)." 17684,Pleurobema hagleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,hagleri,,,,,"Frierson, 1900", 176840,Liopholidophis grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liopholidophis,grandidieri,,,,,"Mocquard, 1904", 176841,Thamnosophis stumpffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Thamnosophis,stumpffi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)","Along with other members of the Liopholidophis stumpffi group, this species was briefly included within the new genus Bibilava (Glaw et al. 2007, Glaw and Vences 2007). Cadle and Ineich (2008) later resurrected Thamnosophis for this species group." 17686,Pleurobema johannis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,johannis,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1859)", 17687,Pleurobema murrayense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,murrayense,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1868)", 17688,Pleurobema nucleopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,nucleopsis,,,,,"(Conrad, 1849)", 17691,Pleurobema riddellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,riddellii,,,,,"I. Lea, 1861", 17693,Pleurobema strodeanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,strodeanum,,,,,"(Wright, 1898)", 17694,Pleurobema troschelianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,troschelianum,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1852)", 17695,Pleurobema verum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pleurobema,verum,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1861)", 17696,Pleurocera alveare,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,alveare,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 17697,Pleurocera annulifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,annulifera,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 17698,Pleurocera brumbyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,brumbyi,,,,,"I. Lea, 1852", 17700,Pleurocera curta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,curta,,,,,"Haldeman, 1841", 17706,Pleurocera postelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,postelli,,,,,"(Lea, 1862)", 17708,Pleurodonte desidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Pleurodonte,desidens,,,,,"(Rang, 1834)", 17703,Pleurocera pyrenella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,pyrenella,,,,,"Conrad, 1834","In an unpublished study of molecular systematics, Campbell and Harris (2006) found this species seems to fall genetically within the range of variation of Pleurocera canaliculata." 17710,Myzopsetta ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Myzopsetta,ferruginea,,,,,"(Storer, 1839)","This species was previously referred to as Pleuronectes ferrugineus, then Limanda ferruginea, and is now placed in the genus Myzopsetta (Vinnikov et al. 2018)." 17704,Pleurocera showalteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,showalteri,,,,,"I. Lea, 1862", 17705,Pleurocera walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,walkeri,,,,,"Goodrich, 1928", 17713,Granulomelon arcigerens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Granulomelon,arcigerens,,,,,"(Tate, 1894)", 17714,Basedowena hinsbyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Basedowena,hinsbyi,,,,,"(Gude, 1916)",This species has recently been transferred from Pleuroxia to Basedowena based on molecular phylogenetic grounds (Criscione and Köhler 2016). 17715,Pleuroxia italowiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Pleuroxia,italowiana,,,,,"Solem, 1992", 17716,Plicatoperipatus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATIDAE,Plicatoperipatus,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Grabham & Cockerell, 1892)", 177454,Erhaia banepaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Erhaia,banepaensis,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007", 177455,Erhaia chandeshwariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Erhaia,chandeshwariensis,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007", 177456,Erhaia sugurensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Erhaia,sugurensis,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007", 177460,Lamellidens unioides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamellidens,unioides,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2007", 177461,Musculium goshaitanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,goshaitanensis,,,,,"Nesemann & Sharma, 2005", 177463,Lycodryas granuliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,granuliceps,,,,,"(Boettger, 1877)", 177470,Taia elitoralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Taia,elitoralis,,,,,"Annandale, 1918","This species was collected in Lake Inle in 2008, and current ongoing research (von Rintelen, pers. comm., 2011) suggests that the species limits are in need of revision, and the number of taxa may be reduced, however at present the data are not finalised, so the species assessments are made on basis of current species limits from Annandale & Rao (1918)." 177471,Taia intha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Taia,intha,,,,,"Annandale, 1918","This species was collected in Lake Inle in 2008, and current ongoing research (von Rintelen, pers. comm., 2011) suggests that the species limits are in need of revision, and the number of taxa may be reduced, however at present the data are not finalised, so the species assessments are made on basis of current species limits from Annandale & Rao (1918)." 177473,Taia shanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Taia,shanensis,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1909)",There are no synonyms for this species. 177495,Hydrobioides turrita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Hydrobioides,turrita,,,,,"Blanford, 1869","

Hydrobioides turrita was described as Bithynia (Hydrobioides) turrita (Blanford).

" 177502,Lycodryas inopinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,inopinae,,,,,"(Domergue, 1995)", 177510,Pseudoxyrhopus imerinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,imerinae,,,,,"(Günther, 1890)", 177517,Pseudoxyrhopus heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,heterurus,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 177531,Pseudoxyrhopus sokosoko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,sokosoko,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994", 177534,Lycodryas carleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,carleti,,,,,"(Domergue, 1995)", 177542,Lycodryas citrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,citrinus,,,,,"(Domergue, 1995)", 177545,Phisalixella arctifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Phisalixella,arctifasciata,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 177549,Calliophis bibroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,bibroni,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)","Calliophis bibroni was described as Elaps bibroni by Jan in 1858 based on specimens collected from unknown locality in India (Smith 1943)." 177734,Leptoxis melanoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,melanoides,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 177739,Sulcospira sulcospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Sulcospira,sulcospira,,,,,"(Mousson, 1849)",Köhler and Glaubrecht (2005) places this genus in the family Pachychilidae. This species is in need of taxonomic review. 177816,Geckolepis typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Geckolepis,typica,,,,,"Grandidier, 1867","Köhler et al. (2009) synonymized Geckolepis anomala and G. modesta with G. typica." 177896,Zonosaurus haraldmeieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,haraldmeieri,,,,,"Brygoo & Böhme, 1985", 17793,Podarcis filfolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,filfolensis,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1876)","There are five described subspecies P. f. filfolensis (Filfola Island, Malta); P. f. generalensis (the General's Rock, Malta); P. f. kieselbachi (Selmunett Island, Malta, apparently now extinct); P. f. laurentiimuelleri (Linosa and Lampione Islands, Italy); and P. f. maltensis (Malta). There are no consistent morphological differences between subspecies and little genetic divergence, and their validity has not yet been investigated with molecular methods (Scibberas and Schembri 2008). Although Rodríguez et al. (2014) studied intraspecific variation within P. fifolensis, they were able to obtain material for only the Maltese and introduced Italian populations and do not propose any intraspecific changes." 17795,Podarcis lilfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,lilfordi,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)","""At least 25"" subspecies have been described (Speybroeck et al. 2016), but the only morphological and genetic study of diversity across the species' entire range concluded that variation is incongruent with traditional subspecific divisions (Pérez-Cembranos et al. 2020). These authors elected not to revise the subspecific taxonomy of this species, but propose recognizing every isolated population as an Evolutionarily Significant Unit." 17797,Podarcis milensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,milensis,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1882)", 178060,Ammodytoides gilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMMODYTIDAE,Ammodytoides,gilli,,,,,"(Bean, 1895)", 17800,Podarcis pityusensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,pityusensis,,,,,"(Boscá, 1883)","Individual islet subpopulations are likely to represent Evolutionarily Significant Units (despite shallow genetic divergence - Rodriguez et al. 2013), and as many as 28 morphological subspecies have been proposed (Salvador et al. 2015, Rodriguez et al. 2013)" 178077,Lobotes pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LOBOTIDAE,Lobotes,pacificus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898","Robertson and Allen (2006) treat the Eastern Pacific population as a separate species. However, the taxonomy of this group is in need of revision and the Eastern Pacific population may in fact belong to the circumglobal species Lobotes surinamensis." 178081,Cerdale paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Cerdale,paludicola,,,,,"Dawson, 1974", 178082,Cerdale prolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Cerdale,prolata,,,,,"Dawson, 1974", 178084,Clarkichthys bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Clarkichthys,bilineatus,,,,,"(Clark, 1936)", 178086,Microdesmus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,affinis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 178087,Microdesmus dipus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,dipus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 178088,Microdesmus dorsipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,dorsipunctatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1968", 178089,Microdesmus hildebrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,hildebrandi,,,,,"Reid, 1936", 178090,Microdesmus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,intermedius,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 178091,Microdesmus knappi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,knappi,,,,,"Dawson, 1972", 178092,Microdesmus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,multiradiatus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 178093,Microdesmus retropinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,retropinnis,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 178094,Microdesmus suttkusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,suttkusi,,,,,"Gilbert, 1966", 178097,Psenes sio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Psenes,sio,,,,,Haedrich 1970, 178027,Varanus finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,finschi,,,,,"Böhme, Horn & Ziegler, 1994","This is a distinct species within the Varanus indicus species group (Ziegler et al. 2007)." 178100,Priacanthus alalaua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,alalaua,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 178102,Pristigenys serrula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Pristigenys,serrula,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1891)", 178105,Sphyraena argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,argentea,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 178106,Sphyraena ensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,ensis,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 178107,Sphyraena idiastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,idiastes,,,,,"Heller & Snodgrass, 1903", 178108,Sphyraena lucasana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,lucasana,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 178043,Albula esuncula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ALBULIFORMES,ALBULIDAE,Albula,esuncula,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)","Frequently misidentified as Albula vulpes, an Atlantic species. It has also been previously identified as A. neoguinaica (a synonym of the Indo-central Pacific species A. forsteri). However, genetic data indicate the eastern Pacific form is a separate species (Colborn et al. 2001), for which A. esuncula is the oldest name. There is recent genetic evidence that this species may in fact represent two species: Albula esuncula from south of Mazatlan, Mexico, and a yet to be named Albula species from Southern California to Mazatlan (Pfeiler et al. 2008)." 178048,Pythonichthys asodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,HETERENCHELYIDAE,Pythonichthys,asodes,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Rubinoff, 1972", 178051,Cynoponticus coniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENESOCIDAE,Cynoponticus,coniceps,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 178054,Myroconger nigrodentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MYROCONGRIDAE,Myroconger,nigrodentatus,,,,,"Castle & Béarez, 1995", 178057,Phthanophaneron harveyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Phthanophaneron,harveyi,,,,,"(Rosenblatt & Montgomery, 1976)", 178066,Centropomus unionensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,unionensis,,,,,"Bocourt, 1868",This species may have some taxonomic confusion with Centropomus armatus. 178070,Cirrhitus rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitus,rivulatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 178072,Chaetodipterus zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPHIPPIDAE,Chaetodipterus,zonatus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 178074,Parapsettus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPHIPPIDAE,Parapsettus,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 178194,Trachylepis lavarambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,lavarambo,,,,,"(Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1998)","Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 178202,Trachylepis vato,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,vato,,,,,"(Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1994)", 178205,Amphiglossus alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,alluaudi,,,,,"(Brygoo, 1981)", 178218,Lygodactylus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,pictus,,,,,"(Peters, 1883)", 178227,Amphiglossus crenni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,crenni,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1906)", 178246,Phelsuma pronki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,pronki,,,,,"Seipp, 1994", 178265,Lygodactylus klemmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,klemmeri,,,,,"Pasteur, 1965", 178269,Indotyphlops filiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,filiformis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)","This species might be a synonym of T. porrectus Stolicza, 1871, but clarification is required from further examination of types." 178285,Amphiglossus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,punctatus,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993", 178296,Trachylepis tavaratra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,tavaratra,,,,,"(Ramanamanjato, Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1999)","Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 178297,Geckolepis polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Geckolepis,polylepis,,,,,"Boettger, 1893",The taxonomy of Geckolepis has not yet been fully determined and it is probable that current species definitions do not reflect biological reality (M. Vences pers. comm.). 178299,Ebenavia inunguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ebenavia,inunguis,,,,,"Boettger, 1878", 178318,Amphiglossus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,melanurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)",The taxonomy of Amphiglossus melanurus has not yet been fully determined and it is probable that current species definitions do not reflect biological reality (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). Glaw and Vences (2007) include A. poecilopus as a synonym. 178319,Geckolepis maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Geckolepis,maculata,,,,,"Peters, 1880","The taxonomy of Geckolepis has not yet been fully determined. It is probable that current species definitions do not reflect biological reality (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011), and G. maculata is considered to be a species complex (F. Glaw and O. Hawlitschek pers. comm. May 2011). A recent record from northern Madagascar has been attributed to G. cf. maculata (Durkin et al. 2011)." 178326,Zonosaurus quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,quadrilineatus,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)", 17834,Poecilia vetiprovidentiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,vetiprovidentiae,,,,,"Fowler, 1950",Both Eschmeyer and FishBase note this species as a synonym of Poecilia sphenops. 178344,Oplurus quadrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,OPLURIDAE,Oplurus,quadrimaculatus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1851", 178348,Amphiglossus johannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,johannae,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)",This species was transferred from Amphiglossus johannae to Flexiseps (Eren et al. 2017). 178376,Amphiglossus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,elongatus,,,,,"(Angel, 1933)",The taxonomy of this species requires further study to clarify its distinction from the similar Amphiglossus tanysoma (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2011). 178389,Amphiglossus ardouini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,ardouini,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1897)", 17839,Chrysoritis adonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,adonis,,,,,"Pennington, 1962", 178399,Madatyphlops domerguei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,domerguei,,,,,"(Roux-Estève, 1980)", 1784,Antrisocopia prehensilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,PLATYCOPIOIDA,PLATYCOPIIDAE,Antrisocopia,prehensilis,,,,,"Fosshagen, 1985",Generic name was entered incorrectly in 1996 as Antriscopia. 178413,Trachylepis tandrefana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,tandrefana,,,,,"(Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Ramanamanjato, 1999)", 178423,Paracontias rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,rothschildi,,,,,"Mocquard, 1905", 178447,Phelsuma mutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,mutabilis,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1869)", 17846,Poecilmitis balli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,balli,,,,,"Dickson & Henning, 1980", 178463,Trachylepis vezo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,vezo,,,,,"(Ramanamanjato, Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1999)", 178468,Amphiglossus frontoparietalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Amphiglossus,frontoparietalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 178476,Lygodactylus pauliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,pauliani,,,,,"Pasteur & Blanc, 1991", 17848,Poecilmitis henningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,henningi,,,,,"Bampton, 1981", 17849,Poecilmitis hyperion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,hyperion,,,,,"Dickson, 1975", 178494,Madatyphlops reuteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,reuteri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)", 178501,Gekko kikuchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,kikuchii,,,,,"Oshima, 1912","Siler et al. (2014) investigated the relationship between this species and the Philippine species complex Gekko mindorensis, with which it was previously proposed it may be synonymous. Based on the results of their morphological and molecular study, these authors concluded that the species is distinct from the majority of G. mindorensis populations as presently recognized although it represents a recent - and possibly human-mediated - colonization from Luzon.

While cautioning that the complexity of the genetic patterns obtained in their coalescent analysis precluded Siler et al. (2014) from making extensive taxonomic changes to the G. mindorensis complex without further data, they were sufficiently confident in the relationship between Luzon and Lanyu clades, and of their distinctiveness from G. mindorensis from southern Luzon, to extend the range of G. kikuchii to northern and central Luzon. While they acknowledged that this action renders G. mindorensis paraphyletic pending further research, this latter is a known species complex and they argue that their arrangement better-reflects current knowledge, especially in the context of evaluating each taxon's conservation status. The name G. mindorensis is used for the southern members of the complex following the usage of Siler et al. (2014), however further research may reveal that this name is a junior synonym of G. kikuchii (R. Brown pers. comm. 2021).
The Gekko mindorensis-kikuchii complex is likely to include as many as 8 species, some of which may fall within G. kikuchii as presently understood (R. Brown pers. comm. 2021). Further collections and needed and there is too little known morphological variation to distinguish between lineages (R. Brown pers. comm. 2021).
A record of a member of this complex from Dinagat has been identified, unexpectedly, as G. kikuchii by A. Diesmos, suggesting that this species may range further south in the Philippines than currently recognized (E.P. Maglangit pers. comm. 2021). For the purposes of this assessment records south of the range recognized by Siler et al. (2014) are considered to represent G. mindorensis until further taxonomic work has clarified the systematics of this group." 17851,Poecilmitis kaplani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,kaplani,,,,,"Henning, 1979", 178527,Trachylepis madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1908)", 17854,Poecilmitis pan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,pan,,,,,"Pennington, 1962", 17856,Poecilmitis pyramus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,pyramus,,,,,"Pennington, 1953", 178562,Tropiocolotes nubicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,nubicus,,,,,"Baha El Din, 1999", 178569,Acanthodactylus busacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,busacki,,,,,"Salvador, 1982", 17857,Poecilmitis stepheni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,stepheni,,,,,"Dickson, 1978", 178577,Lygodactylus blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,blanci,,,,,"Pasteur, 1967", 17858,Poecilmitis swanepoeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,swanepoeli,,,,,"Dickson, 1965", 178585,Zonosaurus karsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,karsteni,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1869)", 1786,Antrobia culveri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Antrobia,culveri,,,,,"Hubricht, 1971", 17860,Poecilmitis wykehami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Poecilmitis,wykehami,,,,,"Dickson, 1980", 178646,Pseudoacontias angelorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudoacontias,angelorum,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1995", 178653,Uroplatus henkeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,henkeli,,,,,"Böhme & Ibisch, 1990",Genetic and morphological data suggest that this is a complex of various species (M. Vences pers. comm.). 178686,Madascincus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,nanus,,,,,"(Andreone & Greer, 2002)", 178689,Phelsuma flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,flavigularis,,,,,"Mertens, 1962", 178694,Paracontias holomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,holomelas,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 1787,Antrolana lira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Antrolana,lira,,,,,"Bowman, 1964", 178739,Trachylepis socotrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,socotrana,,,,,"(Peters, 1882)", 17880,Pogonomyrmex anergismus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pogonomyrmex,anergismus,,,,,"Cole, 1954", 17881,Pogonomyrmex colei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pogonomyrmex,colei,,,,,"Snelling, 1982", 17927,Polyergus breviceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Polyergus,breviceps,,,,,"(Emery, 1893)", 17928,Polyergus lucidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Polyergus,lucidus,,,,,"Mayr, 1870", 17929,Polyergus nigerrimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Polyergus,nigerrimus,,,,,"Marikovsky, 1963", 17930,Polyergus samurai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Polyergus,samurai,,,,,"(Yano, 1911)", 17931,Polygyra hippocrepis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Polygyra,hippocrepis,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1848)", 17932,Polygyra peregrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Polygyra,peregrina,,,,,"(Rehder, 1932)", 17933,Polygyriscus virginianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Polygyriscus,virginianus,,,,,"(P.R. Burch, 1947)", 17939,Polyommatus galloi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,galloi,,,,,"Balletto & Toso, 1979", 17941,Polyommatus humedasae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,humedasae,,,,,"(Toso & Balletto, 1976)", 17974,Ponapella pihapiha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Ponapella,pihapiha,,,,,"Clench, 1946", 17976,Ponticyclops boscoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Ponticyclops,boscoi,,,,,"Reid, 1987", 17992,Popenaias popeii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Popenaias,popeii,,,,,"I. Lea, 1857", 180100,Lestes nodalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,nodalis,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 180101,Danionella translucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danionella,translucida,,,,,"Roberts, 1986", 180103,Roa australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Roa,australis,,,,,"Kuiter, 2004", 180105,Bathygadus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Bathygadus,sulcatus,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)", 180106,Coelorinchus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,dorsalis,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920 ", 180107,Coelorinchus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,macrolepis,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 180108,Coelorinchus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,notatus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 180109,Coelorinchus quincunciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,quincunciatus,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 180110,Coelorinchus sexradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,sexradiatus,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 180111,Coelorinchus thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,thompsoni,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 180112,Coelorinchus triocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,triocellatus,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 180114,Coelorinchus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,weberi,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 180115,Coryphaenoides camurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,camurus,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 180116,Coryphaenoides dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,dubius,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 180118,Gadomus magnifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Gadomus,magnifilis,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 180120,Trachonurus robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Trachonurus,robinsi,,,,,"Iwamoto, 1997", 180121,Cirripectes viriosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,viriosus,,,,,"Williams, 1988", 180122,Ecsenius dilemma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,dilemma,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 180123,Ecsenius kurti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,kurti,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 180125,Istiblennius colei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,colei,,,,,"(Herre, 1934)", 180126,Plagiotremus iosodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,iosodon,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 180127,Congrogadus hierichthys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Congrogadus,hierichthys,,,,,"Jordan & Richardson, 1908", 180129,Equulites laterofenestra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Equulites,laterofenestra,,,,,"(Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2007)", 180131,Hypoatherina crenolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Hypoatherina,crenolepis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1953)", 180133,Paradiancistrus cuyoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Paradiancistrus,cuyoensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 180135,Sebastapistes taeniophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,taeniophrys,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 180136,Sillago argentifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,argentifasciata,,,,,"Martin & Montalban, 1935", 180139,Solivomer arenidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,NEOSCOPELIDAE,Solivomer,arenidens,,,,,"Miller, 1947", 180142,Zebrias lucapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,lucapensis,,,,,"Seigel & Adamson, 1985", 180563,Allocnemis maccleeryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,maccleeryi,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1969)","Chlorocnemis maccleeryi Pinhey, 1969 was described as a subspecies of C. montana St. Quentin, 1942. It differs substantially in coloration and size. Moreover the appendages are more like those of C. abbotti (Calvert, 1892) than C. montana. The differences are sufficient to regard the taxon as a good species (Dijkstra and Clausnitzer in press)." 180565,Balitora eddsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitora,eddsi,,,,,"Conway & Mayden, 2010","
" 180645,Ceratoglanis pachynema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ceratoglanis,pachynema,,,,,"Ng, 1999", 180647,Sawbwa resplendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sawbwa,resplendens,,,,,"Annandale, 1918", 180662,Catlocarpio siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Catlocarpio,siamensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","Described by Boulenger (1898) based on specimens from the Chao Phraya River, Thailand." 180665,Balantiocheilos ambusticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Balantiocheilos,ambusticauda,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2007","This species was recognised as conspecific with the Indonesian Balantiocheilos melanopterus Bleeker, 1851 for a long time. It was described as a separate species by Ng and Kottelat (2007)." 180689,Pangasianodon hypophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasianodon,hypophthalmus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)", 180702,Acheilognathus elongatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,elongatoides,,,,,"Kottelat, 2001","Under its synonym Pararhodeus elongatus, Acheilognathus elongatoides was described by Mai 1978 from the Thuong River in northern Viet Nam (Lang Son Province)." 180764,Puntioplites proctozystron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntioplites,proctozystron,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1865)", 180773,Incisilabeo behri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Incisilabeo,behri,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 180779,Scaphognathops theunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Scaphognathops,theunensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 180806,Cyclocheilichthys furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,furcatus,,,,,"Sontirat, 1989", 180809,Boraras urophthalmoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Boraras,urophthalmoides,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1991)", 180812,Neolissochilus subterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,subterraneus,,,,,"Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003", 180819,Channa harcourtbutleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,harcourtbutleri,,,,,"(Annandale, 1918)","
" 180822,Devario auropurpureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,auropurpureus,,,,,"(Annandale, 1918)","Its generic level was validated as Devario by Fang (2001) and and Fang et al. (2009)." 180843,Hypsibarbus malcolmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,malcolmi,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 180854,Acheilognathus polyspinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,polyspinus,,,,,"(Holcík, 1972)","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001).

Under its synonyms Acanthorhodeus polyspinus and Acanthorhodeus dayeus, Acheilognathus polyspinus was described by Holcík 1972 from the Red River drainage near Hanoi in northern Viet Nam and by Mai 1978 from the Dáy River in the Hòa-Binh Province, northern Vietnam. Acanthorhodeus polyspinus was replaced in the genus Acheilognathus by Arai and Akai (1988). Acanthorhodeus dayeus was considered by Kottelat (1998; 2001) as synonym of A. polyspinus." 180864,Puntioplites falcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntioplites,falcifer,,,,,"Smith, 1929", 180873,Acrossocheilus xamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,xamensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 180875,Acrossocheilus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001"," Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 180884,Altigena sinkleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Altigena,sinkleri,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 180889,Betta splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,splendens,,,,,"Regan, 1910","" 18089,Posorites turneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Posorites,turneri,,,,,"(Shirley, 1921)", 180893,Indostomus crocodilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,INDOSTOMIDAE,Indostomus,crocodilus,,,,,"Britz & Kottelat, 1999", 180894,Ellopostoma mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ELLOPOSTOMATIDAE,Ellopostoma,mystax,,,,,"Tan & Lim, 2002", 180896,Cyprinus intha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,intha,,,,,"Annandale, 1918", 18090,Posticobia norfolkensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Posticobia,norfolkensis,,,,,"(Sykes, 1900)", 180901,Labiobarbus siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labiobarbus,siamensis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1881)",Originally described as Dangila siamensis by Sauvage (1881) 180902,Schistura kaysonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kaysonei,,,,,"Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin, 2002", 180904,Cirrhinus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,microlepis,,,,,"Sauvage, 1878", 180908,Cirrhinus jullieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cirrhinus,jullieni,,,,,"Sauvage, 1878", 18092,Potamilus inflatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Potamilus,inflatus,,,,,"I. Lea, 1831", 18094,Potamilus amphichaenus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Potamilus,amphichaenus,,,,,"Frierson, 1898", 180950,Labeo barbatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,barbatulus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)", 180951,Schistura bachmaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,bachmaensis,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001","
" 180969,Datnioides pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DATNIOIDIDAE,Datnioides,pulcher,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1998)", 180991,Mystus atrifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,atrifasciatus,,,,,"Fowler, 1937", 180996,Platytropius siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Platytropius,siamensis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)",Platytropius siamensis was described from the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok (Sauvage 1883) as a species of Pseudeutropius. Hora (1937) subsequently erected the genus Platytropius for this species. 181058,Microrasbora rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Microrasbora,rubescens,,,,,"Annandale, 1918", 181072,Danio erythromicron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,erythromicron,,,,,"(Annandale, 1918)", 18101,Potamopyrgus oscitans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,oscitans,,,,,"Iredale, 1944", 181013,Hypsibarbus annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,annamensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)",Since the original description it has been collected again from the known locality and those records were found to represent other species (Rainboth 1996). Further taxonomic comparison from fresh material is required. 181015,Schistura pridii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,pridii,,,,,"Vidthayanon, 2003", 181025,Systomus compressiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,compressiformis,,,,,"(Cockerell, 1913)", 181028,Acheilognathus deignani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,deignani,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 181032,Paralaubuca typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Paralaubuca,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1864",Described by Bleeker (1964). 181106,Labeo pierrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,pierrei,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)","This species is not Hypsibarbus pierrei, with which the name been confused. Nobody has compared the Indochinese (L. pierrei / L. yunnanensis) and Sundanese (L. erythropterus) species and they are considered distinct at present (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2012). Labeo pierrei is the oldest name for the Indochinese species, and  L. yunnanensis is tentatively considered as a synonym." 181112,Mystus mysticetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,mysticetus,,,,,"Roberts, 1992", 181119,Nemacheilus banar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,banar,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 18112,Powelliphanta marchantii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Powelliphanta,marchantii,,,,,"(Powell, 1932)", 181132,Altigena elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Altigena,elegans,,,,,"Kottelat, 1998", 181141,Mekongina erythrospila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mekongina,erythrospila,,,,,"Fowler, 1937", 181171,Amblyrhynchichthys micracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Amblyrhynchichthys,micracanthus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2004","Ng and Kottelat (2004) described this species which was previously identified as Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus in previous literature on Indochinese fishes (e.g. Rainboth 1996). " 181190,Schistura bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,bairdi,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181198,Schistura bolavenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,bolavenensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181199,Schistura leukensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,leukensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 181214,Hypsibarbus lagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,lagleri,,,,,"Rainboth, 1996", 181224,Schistura nasifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,nasifilis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1936)","This species was originally described as Nemachilus spilopterus var. nasifilis by Pellegrin 1936 from a specimen collected from Song Ko and Song Tan in Central Viet Nam. Since the collection of the types in 1936, this species has not been collected." 181278,Acrossocheilus malacopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,malacopterus,,,,,"Zhang, 2005","
" 181297,Gyrinocheilus pennocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GYRINOCHEILIDAE,Gyrinocheilus,pennocki,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 181299,Paralaubuca harmandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Paralaubuca,harmandi,,,,,"Sauvage, 1883", 181300,Hampala dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hampala,dispar,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 181328,Pangasius krempfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,krempfi,,,,,"Fang & Chaux, 1949", 181336,Schistura deansmarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,deansmarti,,,,,"Vidthayanon & Kottelat, 2003", 181350,Luciocyprinus striolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciocyprinus,striolatus,,,,,"Cui & Chu, 1986", 181544,Gephyroglanis habereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Gephyroglanis,habereri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1912","According to the PhD thesis of Risch (1968, unpublished), Gephyroglanis habereri is a synonym of Chrysichthys congicus." 181545,Labeo nunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,nunensis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1929",Records of Labeo chariensis from Cameroon may in fact refer to Labeo nunensis. 181546,Phractura bovei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,bovei,,,,,"(Perugia, 1892)", 181549,Aplocheilichthys mediolateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,mediolateralis,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 181551,Clarias longior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,longior,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907", 181554,Ctenopoma acutirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,acutirostre,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1899", 181555,Tylochromis labrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,labrodon,,,,,"Regan, 1920", 181556,Aphyosemion lujae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,lujae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 181557,Mastacembelus aviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,aviceps,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 181559,Microsynodontis hirsuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,hirsuta,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 181560,Teleogramma monogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleogramma,monogramma,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1927)", 181563,Oreochromis salinicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,salinicola,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)", 181564,Polypterus teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,teugelsi,,,,,"Britz, 2004","Reid (1989) and Teugels et al. (1992) where the first to point out that the Polypterus specimens from the upper Cross in Cameroon might not be conspecific with P. retropinnis, a conclusion that is confirmed here." 181565,Aplocheilichthys brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,brichardi,,,,,"(Poll, 1971)", 181566,Aphyosemion cognatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,cognatum,,,,,"Meinken, 1951", 181568,Aphyosemion callipteron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,callipteron,,,,,"(Radda & Pürzl, 1987)","Subgenus (Episemion) Aphyosemion krystallinoron Sonnenberg, Blum & Misof, 2006 was previously regarded as an aberrant population of Aphyosemion callipteron. The dorsolateral body colour of adult males is metallic blue-green, versus metallic gold in A. callipteron. Males have three or four rows of red dots on sides of body versus a single midlateral broad reddish-brown line in A. callipteron. A. krystallinoron is known from a small number of localities in southeastern Equatorial Guinea and northern Gabon west of the distribution area of A. callipteron." 181569,Nanochromis parilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,parilus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 181570,Labeobarbus crassibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,crassibarbis,,,,,"(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)", 181571,Chrysichthys thonneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,thonneri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1912", 181572,Phractura macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,macrura,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 181573,Congochromis sabinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Congochromis,sabinae,,,,,"(Lamboj, 2005)", 181576,Chiloglanis macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,macropterus,,,,,"Poll & Stewart, 1975", 181578,Coptodon camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,camerunensis,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1903)", 181580,Mastacembelus shiloangoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,shiloangoensis,,,,,"(Vreven, 2004)", 181581,Labeobarbus lufupensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,lufupensis,,,,,"(Banister & Bailey, 1979)",The description of Varicorhinus lufupensis has been based on two specimens from the same locality and were both purchased in fresh condition from local fishermen (Banister and Bailey 1979). These are the only two records that have been made of this species. 181582,Schilbe marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,marmoratus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 181583,Coptodon margaritaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,margaritaceus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 181586,Marcusenius moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,moorii,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 181589,Nemacheilus abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,abyssinicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 181591,Microsynodontis nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,nasutus,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 181592,Clarias nigromarmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,nigromarmoratus,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 181593,Mesoborus crocodilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Mesoborus,crocodilus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1900", 181594,Pelmatochromis ocellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelmatochromis,ocellifer,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899",The taxonomy of Pelmatochromis nigrofasciatus and Pelmatochromis ocellifer needs to be reviewed. 181596,Aphyosemion castaneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,castaneum,,,,,"Myers, 1924", 181599,Petrocephalus binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,binotatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924", 181601,Mastacembelus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,robertsi,,,,,"(Vreven & Teugels, 1996)", 181603,Tylochromis variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,variabilis,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989", 181607,Garra ignestii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,ignestii,,,,,"(Gianferrari, 1925)", 181608,Tetraodon miurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,miurus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 181609,Chrysichthys helicophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,helicophagus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 181610,Labeo chariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,chariensis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1904", 181611,Chromidotilapia nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,nana,,,,,"Lamboj, 2003", 181612,Parauchenoglanis ahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,ahli,,,,,"(Holly, 1930)", 181613,Rasbora gerlachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,gerlachi,,,,,"Ahl, 1928",The generic assignment of this poorly known species is clearly erroneous (Asian genus). 181614,Chiloglanis carnosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,carnosus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 181615,Chiloglanis elisabethianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,elisabethianus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915", 181616,Clariallabes manyangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,manyangae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)","Clariallabes manyangae could be a synonym of Clariallabes laticeps (Steindachner, 1911) (Musschoot, T., unpub.)" 181619,Clarias platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,platycephalus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 181621,Leptoglanis bouilloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Leptoglanis,bouilloni,,,,,"Poll, 1959",The generic and family placement of Leptoglanis bouilloni is not yet completely resolved. 181622,Bryconaethiops macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bryconaethiops,macrops,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 181623,Aphyosemion passaroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,passaroi,,,,,"Huber, 1994","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181625,Belonophago tinanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Belonophago,tinanti,,,,,"Poll, 1939", 181626,Leptocypris weeksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,weeksii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 181627,Orthochromis torrenticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,torrenticola,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1963)", 181628,Labeo greenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,greenii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 181629,Brycinus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,affinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)",Species may be confined to Lower regions only (Seegers et al. 2003) 181630,Genyomyrus donnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Genyomyrus,donnyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 181631,Distichodus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,maculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 181633,Labeo annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,annectens,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 181634,Chromidotilapia linkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,linkei,,,,,"Staeck, 1980", 181635,Aphyosemion congicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,congicum,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 181636,Garra duobarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,duobarbis,,,,,"Getahun & Stiassny, 2007", 181638,Labeo bottegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,bottegi,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1897", 181639,Campylomormyrus tshokwe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,tshokwe,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 181644,Synodontis polyodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,polyodon,,,,,"Vaillant, 1895", 181645,Aphyosemion primigenium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,primigenium,,,,,"Radda & Huber, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181648,Synodontis nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,nigromaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 181650,Bagrus lubosicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,lubosicus,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1924","Bagrus lubosicus could be a synonym of Bagrus ubangensis (Stiassny, M., pers. comm.). The taxonomy of this species needs reviewing." 181652,Aphyosemion herzogi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,herzogi,,,,,"Radda, 1975","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181654,Stomatorhinus humilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,humilior,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 181655,Microctenopoma nanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,nanum,,,,,"(Günther, 1896)", 181656,Distichodus atroventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,atroventralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 181659,Tilapia baloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tilapia,baloni,,,,,"Trewavas & Stewart, 1975", 181660,Aphyosemion zygaima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,zygaima,,,,,"Huber, 1981","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181661,Pareutropius mandevillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Pareutropius,mandevillei,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 181664,Synodontis polystigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,polystigma,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915", 181667,Labeobarbus upembensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,upembensis,,,,,"(Banister & Bailey, 1979)", 181668,Distichodus langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,langi,,,,,"Nichols & Griscom, 1917", 181671,Kneria stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,stappersii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915", 181672,Parauchenoglanis balayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,balayi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)", 181673,Fundulopanchax cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Clausen, 1963)",Subgenus (Paraphyosemion). 181674,Chrysichthys longibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,longibarbis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","According to the PhD thesis of Risch (1968, unpublished), Gephyroglanis longipinnis is a partial synonym of Chrysichthys longipinnis and Chrysichthys longibarbis." 181676,Microsynodontis lamberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,lamberti,,,,,"Poll & Gosse, 1963","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 181678,Microctenopoma ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 181679,Distichodus kolleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,kolleri,,,,,"Holly, 1926", 181680,Malapterurus microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,microstoma,,,,,"Poll & Gosse, 1969", 181681,Campylomormyrus curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,curvirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 181686,Hypsopanchax jobaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hypsopanchax,jobaerti,,,,,"Poll & Lambert, 1965", 181689,Labeo sorex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,sorex,,,,,"Nichols & Griscom, 1917", 181692,Synodontis decorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,decorus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 181694,Chrysichthys okae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,okae,,,,,"Fowler, 1949", 181695,Pareutropius debauwi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Pareutropius,debauwi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 181698,Synodontis angelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,angelicus,,,,,"Schilthuis, 1891", 181701,Amphilius pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,pulcher,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1929", 181703,Paramormyrops hopkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,hopkinsi,,,,,"(Taverne & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1985)", 181704,Coptodon nyonganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,nyonganus,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1971)", 181706,Aphyosemion tirbaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,tirbaki,,,,,"Huber, 1999", 181707,Stomatorhinus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,microps,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 181708,Bagrus ubangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,ubangensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902","Bagrus lubosicus could be a synonym of Bagrus ubangensis (Stiassny, M., pers. comm.)." 181709,Raiamas batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,batesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 181714,Distichodus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,affinis,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 181718,Aphyosemion franzwerneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,franzwerneri,,,,,"Scheel, 1971","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181720,Brycinus carmesinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,carmesinus,,,,,"Nichols & Griscom, 1917", 181724,Eugnathichthys eetveldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Eugnathichthys,eetveldii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 181728,Atopochilus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopochilus,macrocephalus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 181731,Schilbe djeremi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,djeremi,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde & De Vos, 1982)", 181734,Microsynodontis nannoculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,nannoculus,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 181735,Alestopetersius leopoldianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,leopoldianus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 181736,Neolebias kerguennae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,kerguennae,,,,,"Daget, 1980", 181737,Stomatorhinus polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,polylepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899","Within Lower Guinea, there are two specimens from the Niari River (MNHN 1962-118) that agree in most counts and measures with the types of S. polylepis, but differ from them in the size of the eye which is small in the types (8.3–9.8% HL), but large in the Niari specimens (11.5–13%). Future study may reveal the Niari specimens to belong to a new species. (Stiassny et al., 2007)." 181740,Neolebias philippei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,philippei,,,,,"Poll & Gosse, 1963", 181748,Aphyosemion batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,batesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 181749,Hypsopanchax zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hypsopanchax,zebra,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1929)", 181751,Tetraodon duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,duboisi,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 181752,Mastacembelus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,niger,,,,,"Sauvage, 1879","Mastacembelus niger Sauvage, 1879 was originally described from “Doumé” (Gabon). Mastacembelus marmoratus Perugia, 1894 from “Congo” (DRC) [“Lower Congo” (Boulenger, 1916)], M. goro Boulenger, 1902 from “Ubanghi à Brazzaville” (DRC), M. batesii Boulenger, 1911 from “Ja River at Bitye, South Cameroon (Congo basin)” (Cameroon) and M. ubangensis Boulenger, 1911 from “Banzyville, Ubanghi” (DRC) have been described from the Congo River basin. Mastacembelus brevicauda Boulenger, 1911 was originally described from “South Cameroon” (Kribi River, Zima Country, Ja and Bumba Rivers)” (Cameroon).

Several diagnostic characters have been reported for these species in the literature. However, a detailed study of these characters revealed that: (1) with increasing size the preanal length decreases proportionally to the increase of the postanal length. (2) The preorbital spine, if present, has a tendency to disappear with size. In small specimens, the presence/absence of a preorbital spine may vary according to the basin of origin. (3) Preopercular spines, if present, have a tendency to decrease in number with size. The number of preopercular spines may vary considerable between specimens of the same basin. (4) The number of dorsal spines shows an important amount of geographical variation. Intrapopulation variation can be relatively large and these taxa are herein synonomized with M. niger." 181753,Chrysichthys dendrophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,dendrophorus,,,,,"(Poll, 1966)", 181756,Pollimyrus tumifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,tumifrons,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 181759,Parakneria abbreviata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,abbreviata,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1931)","Originally described as a subspecies of Parakneria cameronensis, Parakneria abbreviata is questionably distinct, and more reliable diagnostic characters are needed to verify this status." 181760,Raiamas kheeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,kheeli,,,,,"Stiassny, Schelly & Schliewen, 2006", 181765,Orthochromis stormsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,stormsi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",The specimens of Pool Malebo (Stanley Pool) have to be re-examined to clarify the strange distribution pattern. 181767,Schilbe banguelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,banguelensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 181768,Aphyosemion coeleste,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,coeleste,,,,,"Huber & Radda, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181770,Tylochromis elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,elongatus,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989", 181771,Marcusenius bentleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,bentleyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 181772,Hypsopanchax platysternus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hypsopanchax,platysternus,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)", 181773,Labeo degeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,degeni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 181774,Bagrus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,caeruleus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 181775,Epiplatys ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 181776,Marcusenius dundoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,dundoensis,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 181778,Neolebias trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,trilineatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 18178,Pristoceuthophilus sp. nov.,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Pristoceuthophilus,sp. nov.,,,,,,"Largest museum collection of this species is held at the University of Michigan under the supervision of Dr Theodore Cohn (tcohn@sunstroke.sdsu.edu). Still undescribed, but genus is currently under revision." 181780,Hemichromis cerasogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,cerasogaster,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 181782,Labeobarbus gorgorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,gorgorensis,,,,,"(Bini, 1940)", 181783,Amphilius lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,lentiginosus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1936",The taxonomy of this species needs to be reviewed. 181784,Trachyglanis sanghensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Trachyglanis,sanghensis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1925", 181785,Alestes liebrechtsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestes,liebrechtsii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898",The taxonomy of this group is in need of revision and the distinction between this species and Alestes macrophthalmus is poorly defined. 181786,Ctenopoma ashbysmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,ashbysmithi,,,,,"Banister & Bailey, 1979", 181787,Campylomormyrus elephas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,elephas,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 181788,Pollimyrus plagiostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,plagiostoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","The genus Cyphomyrus has been resurrected and includes seven species from the Congo basin (Sullivan in lit.). Cyphomyrus are deep-bodied species with a dorsal fin base longer than the anal." 181789,Chrysichthys uniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,uniformis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1922","According to the PhD thesis of Risch (1968, unpublished), Chrysichthys uniformis Pellegrin, 1922 is a synonym of Chrysichthys cranchii Leach, 1818 (=Amarginops cranchii (Leach, 1818))." 18179,Proasellus parvulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ASELLIDAE,Proasellus,parvulus,,,,,"(Sket, 1960)", 181792,Danakilia franchettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Danakilia,franchettii,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1931)", 181793,Cromeria nilotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Cromeria,nilotica,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901",The status of the two subspecies needs further investigation. Formerly in the family Kneriidae. 181794,Amphilius longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,longirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 181795,Synodontis contractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,contractus,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1928", 181802,Marcusenius ntemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,ntemensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1927)", 181803,Marcusenius macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1924)", 181804,Epiplatys multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)","The status of Epiplatys boulengeri and Epiplatys multifasciatus is under discussion. Huber (1998) studied the types of E. boulengeri (from Kidada, Mogenda and Tshimbu in west-central ZaireDemocratic Republic of Congo) but was unable to compare them with those of E. multifasciatus (from Kondué, Kasai Province, southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo). He suggested that E. multifasciatus from the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo and the eastern Congo-Brazzaville are conspecific with E. boulengeri." 181808,Labeo macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,macrostoma,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 18181,Proasellus slovenicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ASELLIDAE,Proasellus,slovenicus,,,,,"(Sket, 1957)", 181810,Chrysichthys longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,longipinnis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","According to the PhD thesis of Risch (1968, unpublished), Gephyroglanis longipinnis is a partial synonym of Chrysichthys longipinnis and Chrysichthys longibarbis." 181811,Aphyosemion striatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,striatum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181815,Chelaethiops congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Chelaethiops,congicus,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)",The species level taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. 181817,Synodontis lufirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,lufirae,,,,,"Poll, 1971", 181820,Mastacembelus sanagali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,sanagali,,,,,"Thys van den Audenaerde, 1972",The generic identity of this species is tentative pending the availability of specimens for anatomical analyses. 181822,Chrysichthys polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,polli,,,,,"Risch, 1987", 181824,Platyclarias machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Platyclarias,machadoi,,,,,"Poll, 1977", 181825,Garra allostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,allostoma,,,,,"Roberts, 1990", 181826,Haplochromis schwetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,schwetzi,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 181827,Trachyglanis minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Trachyglanis,minutus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 18183,Probarbus labeamajor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Probarbus,labeamajor,,,,,"Roberts, 1992", 181830,Synodontis dorsomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,dorsomaculatus,,,,,"Poll, 1971", 181833,Kneria katangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,katangae,,,,,"Poll, 1976", 181834,Labeo nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,nigricans,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 181836,Amphilius dimonikensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,dimonikensis,,,,,Skelton 2007, 181837,Aphyosemion cyanostictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,cyanostictum,,,,,"Lambert & Géry, 1968","Subgenus (Diapteron)." 181838,Mormyrops boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,boulengeri,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1900", 181840,Steatocranus mpozoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,mpozoensis,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 181841,Clarias engelseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,engelseni,,,,,"(Johnsen, 1926)", 181842,Aphyosemion riggenbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,riggenbachi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion)." 181845,Chrysichthys macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,macropterus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 181850,Tylochromis robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,robertsi,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989", 181857,Nannocharax macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,macropterus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1926",Specimens from the northern tributaries of the upper Zambezi in Zambia are larger and more boldly pigmented and further taxonomic investigation is needed (Tweddle et al. 2004). 181859,Oreochromis ismailiaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,ismailiaensis,,,,,"Mekkawy, 1995", 181860,Epiplatys sangmelinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,sangmelinensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)", 181861,Labeo brunellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,brunellii,,,,,"Parenzan, 1939", 181863,Malapterurus oguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,oguensis,,,,,"Sauvage, 1879", 181865,Ctenopoma weeksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,weeksii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 181866,Serranochromis stappersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,stappersi,,,,,"Trewavas, 1964", 181869,Labeobarbus roylii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,roylii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 181870,Mastacembelus paucispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,paucispinis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 181871,Haplochromis moeruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,moeruensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 181873,Parananochromis axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parananochromis,axelrodi,,,,,"Lamboj & Stiassny, 2003", 181874,Bryconaethiops microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bryconaethiops,microstoma,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 181876,Paramormyrops tavernei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,tavernei,,,,,"Poll, 1972", 181877,Acanthocleithron chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Acanthocleithron,chapini,,,,,"Nichols & Griscom, 1917", 181878,Congocharax olbrechtsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Congocharax,olbrechtsi,,,,,"(Poll, 1954)", 181879,Parauchenoglanis longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,longiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 18188,Procambarus acherontis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,acherontis,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1894)", 181880,Labeo rectipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,rectipinnis,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, 1997", 181883,Synodontis marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,marmoratus,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1895", 181884,Barbus kamaia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,kamaia,,,,,"David & Poll, 1937", 181885,Micropanchax camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,camerunensis,,,,,"(Radda, 1971)", 181887,Aphyosemion joergenscheeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,joergenscheeli,,,,,"Huber & Radda, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181888,Labeobarbus jaegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,jaegeri,,,,,"(Holly, 1930)", 18189,Procambarus connus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,connus,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1978",The NatureServe NatureExplorer database lists this as Procambarus conus. 181890,Garra blanfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,blanfordii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 181891,Prolabeops nyongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Prolabeops,nyongensis,,,,,"Daget, 1984", 181892,Chrysichthys sharpii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,sharpii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901","According to the unpublished PhD thesis of Risch, L.M. (1986) Chrysichthys mabusi is a synonym of Chrysichthys sharpii." 181893,Microctenopoma ocellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,ocellifer,,,,,"(Nichols, 1928)",The juvenile specimen of Ctenopoma muriei of the Lualaba system is considered to be Microctenopoma ocellifer. 181894,Epiplatys duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,duboisi,,,,,"Poll, 1952", 181896,Marcusenius altisambesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,altisambesi,,,,,"Kramer, Skelton, van der Bank & Wink, 2007","Formerly considered to be M. macrolepidotus, this species was described as new in 2007." 181901,Tylochromis microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,microdon,,,,,"Regan, 1920", 181902,Paramormyrops gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,gabonensis,,,,,"Taverne, Thys van den Audenaerde & Heymer, 1977", 181903,Parananochromis gabonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parananochromis,gabonicus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1975)", 181904,Paramormyrops longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Taverne, Thys van den Audenaerde, Heymer & Géry, 1977)", 181907,Neolebias gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,gracilis,,,,,"Matthes, 1964", 181909,Synodontis congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,congicus,,,,,"Poll, 1971", 18191,Procambarus apalachicolae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,apalachicolae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 181912,Labeobarbus beso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,beso,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 181913,Synodontis katangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,katangae,,,,,"Poll, 1971",There is very little information available about Synodontis katangae. 181914,Campylomormyrus phantasticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,phantasticus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1927)", 181915,Mormyrops zanclirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,zanclirostris,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 181918,Phractura lindica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,lindica,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 181919,Marcusenius greshoffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,greshoffii,,,,,"(Schilthuis, 1891)", 18192,Procambarus attiguus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,attiguus,,,,,"Hobbs & Franz, 1992","This species is one of several troglobitic species in the subgenus Ortmannicus. It is highly distinctive, and its closest affinities are with Procambarus delicatus, which appears to be on a line leading to Troglocambarus (J. Cordeiro, T. Jones and R. Thoma pers. comm. 2009)." 181920,Mormyrus iriodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,iriodes,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 181921,Garra aethiopica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,aethiopica,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1927)", 181922,Pollimyrus schreyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,schreyeni,,,,,"Poll, 1972", 181923,Distichodus sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,sexfasciatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 181924,Malapterurus melanochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,melanochir,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 181925,Epiplatys zenkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,zenkeri,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)",Probably identical to Epiplatys sangmelinensis. 181926,Clariallabes attemsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,attemsi,,,,,"(Holly, 1927)",There is very few information available about Clariallabes attemsi. 181927,Fundulopanchax oeseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,oeseri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1928)",Subgenus (Pauciradius). 181928,Labeobarbus fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Holly, 1926)", 18193,Procambarus barbiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,barbiger,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1978", 181931,Garra tana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,tana,,,,,"Getahun & Stiassny, 2007", 181932,Marcusenius schilthuisiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,schilthuisiae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 181934,Prolabeops melanhypopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Prolabeops,melanhypopterus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 181935,Heterochromis multidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Heterochromis,multidens,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1900)", 18194,Procambarus brazoriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,brazoriensis,,,,,"Albaugh, 1975", 181942,Fundulopanchax fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,fallax,,,,,"(Ahl, 1935)",Subgenus (Fundulopanchax). 181944,Cyclopharynx schwetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyclopharynx,schwetzi,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)", 181947,Synodontis depauwi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,depauwi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 181948,Phractura stiassny,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,stiassny,,,,,"Skelton, 2007", 18195,Procambarus cometes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,cometes,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1978", 181950,Clarias angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,angolensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1866", 181952,Aphyosemion buytaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,buytaerti,,,,,"Radda & Huber, 1978","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181953,Parauchenoglanis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,punctatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 181954,Fundulopanchax traudeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,traudeae,,,,,"(Radda, 1971)","Subgenus (Paraphyosemion) : Berkenkamp (2003), describing the results of hybridization tests with the other species of the Fundulopanchax mirabilis-group, (Fundulopanchax intermittens, Fundulopanchax gresensi, Fundulopanchax mirabilis and Fundulopanchax moensis), indicates that all crosses resulted in a viable F3 generations. These results suggest that, following a biological species concept, these taxa may be considered conspecific." 181955,Stomatorhinus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,fuliginosus,,,,,"Poll, 1941", 181956,Alestopetersius compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,compressus,,,,,"(Poll & Gosse, 1963)", 181957,Aphyosemion fulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,fulgens,,,,,"Radda, 1975","Subgenus (Diapteron)." 181959,Pelmatochromis nigrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelmatochromis,nigrofasciatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1900)",The taxonomy of Pelmatochromis nigrofasciatus and Pelmatochromis ocellifer needs to be reviewed. 18196,Procambarus delicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,delicatus,,,,,"Hobbs & Franz, 1986", 181960,Labeobarbus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,mariae,,,,,"(Holly, 1926)", 181961,Epiplatys phoeniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,phoeniceps,,,,,"Huber, 1980", 181962,Serranochromis angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,angusticeps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 181963,Myomyrus macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Myomyrus,macrodon,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 181964,Epiplatys huberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,huberi,,,,,"(Radda & Pürzl, 1981)", 181966,Marcusenius kutuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,kutuensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 181967,Synodontis woleuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,woleuensis,,,,,"Friel & Sullivan, 2008","Synodontis woleuensis has previously been misidentified in the literature and museum collections as S. batesii, a closely related species also known from the Lower Guinea ichthyofaunal region, as well as the Congo basin." 18197,Procambarus econfinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,econfinae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 181970,Chrysichthys thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,thysi,,,,,"Risch, 1985","Subgenus (Rheoglanis)" 181971,Chrysichthys wagenaari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,wagenaari,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 181972,Brycinus fwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,fwaensis,,,,,"Géry, 1995", 181974,Mormyrops mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,mariae,,,,,"(Schilthuis, 1891)", 181975,Brachypetersius cadwaladeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brachypetersius,cadwaladeri,,,,,"(Fowler, 1930)", 181976,Poropanchax stigmatopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poropanchax,stigmatopygus,,,,,"Wildekamp & Malumbres, 2004", 181979,Labeobarbus caudovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,caudovittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including northeastern Africa. Most of the African species which are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. However, no attempts have yet been made at an adequate nomenclature of the African forms. We therefore follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use in this paper the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus (Seegers et al., unpublished)." 18198,Procambarus erythrops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,erythrops,,,,,"Relyea & Sutton, 1975", 181980,Paramormyrops batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,batesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 181981,Aphyosemion australe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,australe,,,,,"(Rachow, 1921)","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181983,Synodontis ornatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,ornatissimus,,,,,"Gosse, 1982", 181987,Haplochromis bakongo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bakongo,,,,,"Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964","Taxonomy of haplochromine cichlids is in disarray. The species is often included in Thoracochromis. Further phylogenetic work is necessary to resolve generic placement." 181988,Labeobarbus gorguari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,gorguari,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 181989,Nanochromis consortus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,consortus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 18199,Procambarus fitzpatricki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,fitzpatricki,,,,,"Hobbs, 1971", 181990,Chiloglanis sanagaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,sanagaensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 181991,Nannocharax maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,maculicauda,,,,,"Vari & Géry, 1981", 181993,Neobola bottegoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Neobola,bottegoi,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1895", 181994,Aphyosemion aureum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,aureum,,,,,"Radda, 1980","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 181997,Pollimyrus maculipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,maculipinnis,,,,,"(Nichols & La Monte, 1934)", 181998,Thoracochromis callichromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thoracochromis,callichromus,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)", 181999,Phractura tenuicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,tenuicauda,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 182055,Atopochilus mandevillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopochilus,mandevillei,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 182056,Benitochromis finleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benitochromis,finleyi,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1974)", 18200,Procambarus franzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,franzi,,,,,"Hobbs & Lee, 1976", 182058,Distichodus antonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,antonii,,,,,"Schilthuis, 1891", 182002,Lamprologus tumbanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,tumbanus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 18206,Procambarus nechesae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,nechesae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1990", 182003,Garra ethelwynnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,ethelwynnae,,,,,"Menon, 1958", 18207,Procambarus gibbus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,gibbus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1969","Additional taxonomic study is needed to better differentiate this species from the similar Procambarus spiculifer, which occurs in the drainage immediately adjacent (GA DNR, pers. comm., 2009)." 182004,Labeobarbus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 182070,Synodontis nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,nebulosus,,,,,"Peters, 1852",Several database records from Namibia and South Africa are considered here as incorrect identifications. 182072,Brycinus tholloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,tholloni,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)","Brycinus tholloni is close to Brycinus bartoni, Brycinus longipinnis, Brycinus derhami and Brycinus intermedius. It is distinguished from the first three species by higher number of scales above the lateral line (6 1/2 vs. 5 1/2) and from B. intermedius by a higher number of branched anal rays and lateral line scales (22-25 and 34-38 vs. 19-21 and 31-35, respectively)." 182007,Mormyrops nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,nigricans,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182008,Labeo barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,barbatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182075,Opsaridium maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,maculicauda,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1926)",There is very few information available about Opsaridium maculicauda. 182077,Synodontis iturii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,iturii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1911",There is very little information available about Synodontis iturii. 182011,Serranochromis macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182078,Notoglanidium depierrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,depierrei,,,,,"(Daget, 1979)", 182013,Hemigrammocharax uniocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,uniocellatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1926)", 18208,Procambarus lagniappe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lagniappe,,,,,"Black, 1968", 182014,Microsynodontis notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,notata,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 182081,Phractura gladysae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,gladysae,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1931", 182016,Labeo boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,boulengeri,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1912", 182082,Hemigrammocharax lineostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,lineostriatus,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182017,Epiplatys infrafasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,infrafasciatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)","Subgenus (Epiplatys)." 182018,Aphyosemion exigoideum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,exigoideum,,,,,"Radda & Huber, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182085,Haplochromis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,fasciatus,,,,,"(Perugia, 1892)", 18202,Procambarus latipleurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,latipleurum,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 182086,Labeo camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,camerunensis,,,,,"Trewavas, 1974", 182020,Benitochromis conjunctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benitochromis,conjunctus,,,,,"Lamboj, 2001", 182087,Campylomormyrus numenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,numenius,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 182089,Thoracochromis brauschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thoracochromis,brauschi,,,,,"(Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1965)", 18209,Procambarus nigrocinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,nigrocinctus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1990", 182024,Fundulopanchax puerzli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,puerzli,,,,,"(Radda & Scheel, 1974)",Subgenus (Paraphyosemion). 182090,Gymnallabes nops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Gymnallabes,nops,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182091,Hemigrammopetersius pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Hemigrammopetersius,pulcher,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 182092,Aphyosemion schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,schoutedeni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 182027,Chromidotilapia mamonekenei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,mamonekenei,,,,,"Lamboj, 1999","Specimens identified as Chromidotilapia kingsleyae from localities outside the Ogowe basin are presumed to be misidentifications, most often of Chromidotilapia mamonekenei and Chromidiotilapia melaniae." 182028,Mormyrops sirenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,sirenoides,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182029,Microsynodontis emarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,emarginata,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 182095,Oreochromis schwebischi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,schwebischi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1884)",The generic placement of this species remains unclear. The species appears to occupy an intermediate position between Oreochromis and Sarotherodon. The structures and coloration of the mature males and what is known of the breeding habits are characteristic of Oreochromis. The general appearance is that of Sarotherodon galilaeus. Before sexual maturity preserved specimens are indistinguishable from the latter. The species is perhaps best regarded as a Sarotherodon that has developed reproductive features largely paralleling those of Oreochromis (Trewavas 1983). 18203,Procambarus leitheuseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,leitheuseri,,,,,"Franz & Hobbs, 1983", 182096,Labeobarbus jubae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,jubae,,,,,"(Banister, 1984)", 182097,Chrysichthys longidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,longidorsalis,,,,,"Risch & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1981","Subgenus (Chrysobagrus)" 182031,Labeo polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,polli,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, 1997", 182032,Synodontis brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,brichardi,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 182033,Nannocharax altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,altus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1930", 18210,Procambarus nueces,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,nueces,,,,,"Hobbs & Hobbs, 1995", 182034,Ctenopoma ocellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,ocellatum,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1899", 182100,Petrocephalus keatingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,keatingii,,,,,Boulenger 1901, 182101,Aphyosemion thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,thysi,,,,,"Radda & Huber, 1978","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182036,Garra congoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,congoensis,,,,,"Poll, 1959",This species is in need of further investigation and may be heterospecific and including a number of undescribed species with restricted distributions. 182102,Atopochilus chabanaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopochilus,chabanaudi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1938", 182037,Gobiocichla ethelwynnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gobiocichla,ethelwynnae,,,,,"Roberts, 1982",Although the species has been assumed to be an inhabitant of rapids Teugels et al. (1992) have collected it in both rapids and in non-rapidly flowing stretches of the Cross River. 182103,Aphyosemion exiguum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,exiguum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 182104,Bathyaethiops breuseghemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bathyaethiops,breuseghemi,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)", 182039,Polypterus mokelembembe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,mokelembembe,,,,,"Schliewen & Schäfer, 2006", 182105,Chrysichthys brevibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,brevibarbis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 18204,Procambarus milleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,milleri,,,,,"Hobbs, 1971", 182106,Hemigrammocharax multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1923)",Specimens in Madamyana tributary of Upper Zambezi have distinctly barred tails and need taxonomic study (Tweddle et al. 2004). 182107,Mormyrops attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,attenuatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182108,Oreochromis upembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,upembae,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964)", 182109,Polypterus delhezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,delhezi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 18211,Procambarus orcinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,orcinus,,,,,"Hobbs & Means, 1972", 182110,Opsaridium leleupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,leleupi,,,,,"(Matthes, 1965)", 182045,Hylopanchax stictopleuron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hylopanchax,stictopleuron,,,,,"(Fowler, 1949)", 182046,Benitochromis nigrodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benitochromis,nigrodorsalis,,,,,"Lamboj, 2001", 182048,Aphyosemion rectogoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,rectogoense,,,,,"Radda & Huber, 1977","Subgenus (Aphyosemion)." 182114,Steatocranus glaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,glaber,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182049,Chetia welwitschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chetia,welwitschi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 182115,Labeobarbus sandersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,sandersi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 18205,Procambarus morrisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,morrisi,,,,,"Hobbs & Franz, 1991", 182116,Polypterus congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,congicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","All Polypterus under revision" 182050,Amphilius maesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,maesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1919", 182117,Steatocranus tinanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,tinanti,,,,,"(Poll, 1939)","This species is under revision, and is possibly a species complex." 182051,Bathyaethiops greeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bathyaethiops,greeni,,,,,"Fowler, 1949", 182118,Congochromis pugnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Congochromis,pugnatus,,,,,"Stiassny & Schliewen, 2007", 182053,Synodontis cuangoanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,cuangoanus,,,,,"Poll, 1971",There is very little information available about Synodontis cuangoanus. 18212,Cambarus pecki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,pecki,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1967)","From a study conducted by Buhay and Crandall (2009) Procambarus pecki has been transferred from the subgenus Remoticambarus of the genus Procambarus, to the subgenus Aviticambarus of the genus Cambarus. This has been based on genetic studies which more accurately reflect its evolutionary history." 182060,Synodontis vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,vaillanti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 182120,Procatopus cabindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Procatopus,cabindae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 182121,Nannocharax micros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,micros,,,,,"Fowler, 1936", 182062,Polypterus ornatipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,ornatipinnis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902",All Polypterus under revision 182063,Parakneria vilhenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,vilhenae,,,,,"Poll, 1965", 182064,Nannocharax schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,schoutedeni,,,,,"Poll, 1939", 182065,Amphilius lamani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,lamani,,,,,"Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1920", 182067,Mormyrops lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,lineolatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182127,Synodontis flavitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,flavitaeniatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1919", 182069,Micralestes schelly,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,schelly,,,,,"Stiassny & Mamonekene, 2007", 182129,Pollimyrus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,guttatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)", 18213,Procambarus pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pictus,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1940)", 182130,Protopterus amphibius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,SARCOPTERYGII,LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES,PROTOPTERIDAE,Protopterus,amphibius,,,,,"(Peters, 1844)","Taxonomic status of the Kenyan populations are uncertain. Most likely it is a species distinct from Protopterus aff. amphibius (Seegers et al. unpublished).
The type specimen was collected in Quelimane, northern braid of the Zambezi Delta, central Mozambique." 182131,Labeo reidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,reidi,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, 1997", 182133,Euchilichthys astatodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Euchilichthys,astatodon,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 182134,Belonoglanis brieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Belonoglanis,brieni,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 182135,Labeobarbus tsanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,tsanensis,,,,,"(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)", 182138,Parauchenoglanis altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,altipinnis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 182139,Labeobarbus compiniei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,compiniei,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)", 18214,Procambarus plumimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,plumimanus,,,,,"Hobbs and Walton, 1958", 182140,Nanochromis minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,minor,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182141,Kribia uellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Kribia,uellensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 182143,Hemichromis exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,exsul,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1933)","Listed as Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill, 1862 by Trewavas (1973) and by Hopson and Hopson (1982) and as H. letourneuxi by Loiselle (1979). According to Seegers (1998) the Lake Turkana population probably is a distinct species endemic to the lake." 182146,Chiloglanis marlieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,marlieri,,,,,"Poll, 1952", 182148,Aphanius stiassnyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,stiassnyae,,,,,"(Getahun & Lazara, 2001)", 182149,Sargochromis mellandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,mellandi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)",Taxonomic revision is needed. 18215,Procambarus pogum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,pogum,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1978", 182150,Amphilius caudosignatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,caudosignatus,,,,,"Skelton, 2007", 182152,Plataplochilus miltotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Plataplochilus,miltotaenia,,,,,"Lambert, 1963", 182153,Nannopetersius lamberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Nannopetersius,lamberti,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182157,Labeobarbus mbami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,mbami,,,,,"(Holly, 1927)", 182158,Distichodus lusosso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,lusosso,,,,,"Schilthuis, 1891", 182159,Labeobarbus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,steindachneri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 18216,Procambarus rathbunae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,rathbunae,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1940)", 182161,Clarias gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,gabonensis,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 182162,Gnathonemus echidnorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Gnathonemus,echidnorhynchus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924", 182163,Synodontis acanthoperca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,acanthoperca,,,,,"Friel & Vigliotta, 2006", 182164,Amphilius cryptobullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,cryptobullatus,,,,,"Skelton, 1986",Amphilius cryptobullatus is one of six species within the Amphilius uranoscopus group (Thomson and Page 2010). 182165,Gobionellus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobionellus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 182166,Clariallabes teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,teugelsi,,,,,"Ferraris, 2007","Clariallabes dumerili (David & Poll, 1937) is not a valid name or synonym for Clariallabes teugelsi Ferraris, 2007." 182168,Synodontis camelopardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,camelopardalis,,,,,"Poll, 1971",There is very few information available about Synodontis camelopardalis. This species is currently being reviewed. 18217,Procambarus reimeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,reimeri,,,,,"Hobbs, 1979", 182172,Aphyosemion wuendschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,wuendschi,,,,,"Radda & Pürzl, 1985","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182173,Nannocharax luapulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,luapulae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915", 182175,Clarias dhonti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,dhonti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 182176,Aphyosemion lefiniense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,lefiniense,,,,,"Woeltjes, 1984", 182178,Hemistichodus vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemistichodus,vaillanti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1900", 182179,Pseudocrenilabrus nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudocrenilabrus,nicholsi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 18218,Procambarus steigmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,steigmani,,,,,"Hobbs, 1991","This crayfish is very closely related to Procambarus regalis and the two may be synonymous. The only differences noted by Hobbs are slight differences in the symmetry of the gonopods and differences in tuberculation of the annulus ventralis (D. Johnson pers. comm. 2010)." 182180,Paraphago rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Paraphago,rostratus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182182,Synodontis soloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,soloni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182183,Chiloglanis harbinger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,harbinger,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 182184,Aphyosemion amoenum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,amoenum,,,,,"Radda & Pürzl, 1976","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 18219,Procambarus texanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,texanus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1971", 182191,Mormyrus felixi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,felixi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1939", 182193,Steatocranus ubanguiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,ubanguiensis,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182194,Nannocharax rubrolabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,rubrolabiatus,,,,,"Van den Bergh, Teugels, Coenen & Ollevier, 1995", 182200,Paramormyrops sphekodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,sphekodes,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)",Records from the Congo River basin are probably mis-identifications. 182202,Labeo lukulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,lukulae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182203,Aphyosemion elberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,elberti,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)",Subgenus (Kathetys). The nomenclature of this species is presently under discussion. Huber (1996) indicates that the correct name should be Aphyosemion bualanum. As no freshly collected material from the type locality of Aphyosemion bualanum is available we prefer to follow the latest available revision (Seegers 1988). Wildekamp (1993) regards Aphyosemion bualanum as defined by Scheel (1968) as Aphyosemion elberti by Seegers (1988). 182204,Synodontis caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,caudalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182205,Neolebias trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,trewavasae,,,,,"Poll & Gosse, 1963", 182206,Stomatorhinus puncticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,puncticulatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182207,Pollimyrus pulverulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,pulverulentus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182208,Chetia mola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chetia,mola,,,,,"Balon & Stewart, 1983", 182209,Fundulopanchax amieti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,amieti,,,,,"(Radda, 1976)",Subgenus (Paraphyosemion). 18221,Procambarus echinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,echinatus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1956", 182213,Labeo nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,nasus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182214,Sargochromis thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,thysi,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 182215,Marcusenius sanagaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,sanagaensis,,,,,"Boden, Teugels & Hopkins, 1997", 182217,Barbopsis devecchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbopsis,devecchii,,,,,"Di Caporiacco, 1926", 182219,Atopochilus savorgnani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopochilus,savorgnani,,,,,"Sauvage, 1879", 18222,Procambarus escambiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,escambiensis,,,,,"Hobbs, 1942", 182221,Paratilapia toddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paratilapia,toddi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 182222,Phractura scaphyrhynchura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,scaphyrhynchura,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1886)", 182224,Labeobarbus dainellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,dainellii,,,,,"(Bini, 1940)", 182226,Garra regressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,regressus,,,,,"Getahun & Stiassny, 2007", 182227,Labeobarbus wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,wittei,,,,,"(Banister & Poll, 1973)",There is very little information available about Varicorhinus wittei. 182231,Ctenopoma maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,maculatum,,,,,"Thominot, 1886", 182232,Fenerbahce formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fenerbahce,formosus,,,,,"(Huber, 1979)", 182234,Haplochromis oligacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,oligacanthus,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 182236,Labeobarbus nedgia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,nedgia,,,,,Rüppell 1835, 182240,Parananochromis brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parananochromis,brevirostris,,,,,"Lamboj & Stiassny, 2003", 182243,Rhabdalestes aeratis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Rhabdalestes,aeratis,,,,,"Stiassny & Schaefer, 2005", 182244,Neobola nilotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Neobola,nilotica,,,,,"Werner, 1919", 182245,Cyclopharynx fwae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyclopharynx,fwae,,,,,"Poll, 1948", 182246,Congoglanis alula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Congoglanis,alula,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)", 182247,Labeobarbus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,werneri,,,,,"(Holly, 1929)", 182250,Synodontis nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,nigriventris,,,,,"David, 1936", 182251,Schilbe multitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,multitaeniatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1913)", 182253,Leptocypris lujae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,lujae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 182255,Chromidotilapia schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,schoutedeni,,,,,"(Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1967)", 182256,Labeobarbus iphthimostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,iphthimostoma,,,,,"(Banister & Poll, 1973)", 182257,Tylochromis aristoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,aristoma,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989","All the specimens of Tylochromis aristoma are collected by Roberts, T.R. in 1987." 182258,Nannocharax parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,parvus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1906", 182261,Doumea sanaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Doumea,sanaga,,,,,"Skelton, 2007", 182267,Clariallabes melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,melas,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 182268,Clypeobarbus congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Clypeobarbus,congicus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182270,Mormyrops microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,microstoma,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182271,Fundulopanchax moensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,moensis,,,,,"(Radda, 1970)","Subgenus (Paraphyosemion) : Berkenkamp (2003), describing the results of hybridization tests with the other species of the Fundulopanchax mirabilis-group, (Fundulopanchax intermittens, Fundulopanchax gresensi, Fundulopanchax mirabilis and Fundulopanchax traudeae), indicates that all crosses resulted in a viable F3 generations. These results suggest that, following a biological species concept, these taxa may be considered conspecific." 182274,Lamprologus teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,teugelsi,,,,,"Schelly & Stiassny, 2004", 182275,Aphyosemion maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,maculatum,,,,,"Radda & Pürzl, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182278,Clarias dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,dumerilii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1866", 182279,Paradoxoglanis parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Paradoxoglanis,parvus,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 182283,Synodontis batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,batesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907", 182284,Sicydium bustamantei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,bustamantei,,,,,"Greeff, 1884", 182287,Clariallabes uelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,uelensis,,,,,"(Poll, 1941)", 182289,Potamothrissa acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Potamothrissa,acutirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182294,Synodontis caudovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,caudovittatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 182295,Nanochromis transvestitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,transvestitus,,,,,"Stewart & Roberts, 1984", 182298,Aphyosemion ferranti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,ferranti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 182299,Petrocephalus christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,christyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 182300,Labeo quadribarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,quadribarbis,,,,,"Poll & Gosse, 1963", 182302,Polypterus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,polli,,,,,"Gosse, 1988", 182303,Serranochromis spei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,spei,,,,,"Trewavas, 1964", 182305,Stomatorhinus kununguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,kununguensis,,,,,"Poll, 1945", 182308,Chiloglanis angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,angolensis,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182309,Chromidotilapia kingsleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,kingsleyae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","Specimens identified as Chromidotilapia kingsleyae from localities outside the Ogowe basin are presumed to be misidentifications, most often of Chromidotilapia mamonekenei and Chromidiotilapia melaniae." 182310,Campylomormyrus mirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,mirus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 182311,Raiamas salmolucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,salmolucius,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)", 182312,Microctenopoma pekkolai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,pekkolai,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1935)", 182313,Labeo longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,longipinnis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182314,Tetraodon mbu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,mbu,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182315,Labeobarbus brevispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,brevispinis,,,,,"(Holly, 1927)", 182316,Micralestes congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,congicus,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182318,Labeobarbus ethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,ethiopicus,,,,,"(Zolezzi, 1939)", 182319,Nannocharax elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,elongatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 182320,Congochromis squamiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Congochromis,squamiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",The taxonomy of Congochromis squamiceps needs to be reviewed. The distribution is probably more restricted. 182325,Clariallabes longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,longicauda,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 182326,Parakneria thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,thysi,,,,,"Poll, 1965", 182327,Ivindomyrus marchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Ivindomyrus,marchei,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)","The reassignment of this species to the genus Ivindomyrus was made after careful examination of molecular sequence data (see Lavoué et al. 2003)." 182329,Clarias submarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,submarginatus,,,,,"Peters, 1882", 18233,Procaris chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PROCARIDIDAE,Procaris,chacei,,,,,"Hart & Manning, 1986", 182332,Plataplochilus chalcopyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Plataplochilus,chalcopyrus,,,,,"Lambert, 1963", 182334,Synodontis steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,steindachneri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1913", 182335,Labeobarbus semireticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,semireticulatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1924)", 182339,Clariallabes laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,laticeps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1911)","Clariallabes manyangae could be a synonym of Clariallabes laticeps (Steindachner, 1911) (Musschoot, T., unpub.)" 182341,Labeobarbus platydorsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,platydorsus,,,,,"(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)", 182342,Xenocharax crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Xenocharax,crassus,,,,,"Günther, 1867","This species was erroneously synonomized with X. spilurus. X. crassus is a valid species and its resurrection is in prep. (Vreven, Stiassny and Mamonekene)." 182345,Aphyosemion dargei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,dargei,,,,,"Amiet, 1987","Subgenus (Kathetys)." 182346,Nanochromis splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,splendens,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182347,Aphyosemion loennbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,loennbergii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion)." 182349,Amphilius lampei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,lampei,,,,,"Pietschmann, 1913", 182353,Leptocypris modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,modestus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 182355,Marcusenius cuangoanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,cuangoanus,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 182358,Poecilothrissa centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Poecilothrissa,centralis,,,,,"Poll, 1974", 182359,Notoglanidium pallidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,pallidum,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182360,Campylomormyrus alces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,alces,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 182361,Synodontis geledensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,geledensis,,,,,"Günther, 1896","Originally described from the Northern Ewaso Nyiro under the name Labeo percivali, which, according to Reid (1985), is a slender inland form of L. bottegi." 182362,Dundocharax bidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Dundocharax,bidentatus,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182364,Amarginops platus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Amarginops,platus,,,,,"Nichols & Griscom, 1917", 182368,Garra geba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,geba,,,,,"Getahun & Stiassny, 2007", 182369,Platyallabes tihoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Platyallabes,tihoni,,,,,"(Poll, 1944)", 182370,Tetraodon schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,schoutedeni,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1926", 182371,Etia nguti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Etia,nguti,,,,,"Schliewen & Stiassny, 2003", 182372,Chrysichthys delhezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,delhezi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899","The status of this species is currently in doubt and is under investifation. Hardman (in lit.) proposes the synonomy of C. delhezi with C. cranchii." 182373,Teleogramma gracile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleogramma,gracile,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182374,Marcusenius ghesquierei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,ghesquierei,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)","The genus Cyphomyrus has been resurrected and includes seven species from the Congo basin (Sullivan in lit.). Cyphomyrus are deep-bodied with a dorsal fin base longer than the anal." 182375,Nannocharax procatopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,procatopus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 182376,Labeobarbus micronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,micronema,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 182377,Mastacembelus brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,brichardi,,,,,"(Poll, 1958)", 182379,Labeo lualabaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,lualabaensis,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, 1997", 182380,Labeobarbus cardozoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,cardozoi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 182381,Garra dembecha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,dembecha,,,,,"Getahun & Stiassny, 2007",
 182383,Hemigrammocharax ocellicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,ocellicauda,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 182384,Distichodus hypostomatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,hypostomatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1900", 182385,Chiloglanis cameronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,cameronensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 182391,Chiloglanis congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,congicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 182392,Labeo falcipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,falcipinnis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 182393,Labeobarbus malacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,malacanthus,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1911)", 182395,Synodontis aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,aterrimus,,,,,"Poll & Roberts, 1968", 182396,Aphyosemion heinemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,heinemanni,,,,,"Berkenkamp, 1983","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182397,Labeo gregorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,gregorii,,,,,"Günther, 1894", 182398,Synodontis smiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,smiti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182399,Nanochromis nudiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,nudiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)",The taxonomy of Nanochromis nudiceps is currently under revision. 182402,Chilochromis duponti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chilochromis,duponti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182405,Chrysichthys ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,ornatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902","Gnathobagrus depressus is probably a synonym of Chrysichthys ornatus (Mo, 1991). This has been confrmed by Hardman, M." 182406,Marcusenius leopoldianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,leopoldianus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182407,Aphyosemion raddai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,raddai,,,,,"Scheel, 1975","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182408,Mastacembelus seiteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,seiteri,,,,,"Thys van den Audenaerde, 1972","The generic identity of this species is tentative, pending the availability of specimens for anatomical analyses." 182409,Fundulopanchax intermittens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,intermittens,,,,,"(Radda, 1974)","Subgenus (Paraphyosemion). Berkenkamp (2003), describing the results of hybridization tests with the other species of the Fundulopanchax mirabilis-group, (Fundulopanchax traudeae, Fundulopanchax gresensi, Fundulopanchax mirabilis and Fundulopanchax moensis), indicates that all crosses resulted in a viable F3 generations. These results suggest that, following a biological species concept, these taxa may be considered conspecific." 182410,Dolichallabes microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Dolichallabes,microphthalmus,,,,,"Poll, 1942", 182412,Psammphiletria nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Psammphiletria,nasuta,,,,,"Roberts, 2003", 182413,Hemichromis lifalili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,lifalili,,,,,"Loiselle, 1979", 182414,Hemistichodus mesmaekersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemistichodus,mesmaekersi,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 182417,Chrysichthys cranchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,cranchii,,,,,"(Leach, 1818)","According to the PhD thesis of Risch (1968, unpublished), Chrysichthys uniformis Pellegrin, 1922 is a synonym of Chrysichthys cranchii Leach, 1818. Hardman (in lit) also considers C.delhezi to be a synonym of C. cranchii." 182418,Citharinus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharinus,macrolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182419,Tylochromis bangwelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,bangwelensis,,,,,"Regan, 1920", 182421,Clariallabes simeonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,simeonsi,,,,,"Poll, 1941", 182424,Campylomormyrus cassaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,cassaicus,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 182425,Alestopetersius bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 182426,Labeobarbus axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,axelrodi,,,,,"(Getahun, Stiassny & Teugels, 2004)", 182428,Plataplochilus ngaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Plataplochilus,ngaensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 182429,Brachypetersius huloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brachypetersius,huloti,,,,,"(Poll, 1954)", 182431,Parananochromis ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parananochromis,ornatus,,,,,"Lamboj & Stiassny, 2003", 182434,Aphyosemion cameronense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,cameronense,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 182436,Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Microstomatichthyoborus,bashforddeani,,,,,"Nichols & Griscom, 1917", 182437,Tylochromis pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,pulcher,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989", 182438,Distichodus decemmaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,decemmaculatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1926", 182439,Parakneria kissi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,kissi,,,,,"Poll, 1969", 182440,Campylomormyrus christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,christyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 182442,Hemigrammocharax angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,angolensis,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182443,Marcusenius friteli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,friteli,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)", 182444,Nanochromis teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,teugelsi,,,,,"Lamboj & Schelly, 2006", 182445,Aplocheilichthys nigrolateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,nigrolateralis,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182448,Polypterus weeksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,weeksii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182450,Aphyosemion edeanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,edeanum,,,,,"Amiet, 1987","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182452,Campylomormyrus orycteropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,orycteropus,,,,,"Poll, Gosse & Orts, 1982", 182455,Chelaethiops elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Chelaethiops,elongatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899",The species level taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. 182456,Barbus microterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,microterolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182458,Brycinus bartoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,bartoni,,,,,"(Nichols & La Monte, 1953)","Brycinus bartoni is close to Brycinus longipinnis. The two species are distinguished by predorsal scale counts (13 in B. bartoni vs. 8 1/2-11 1/2 in B. longipinnis); it is also similar to B. intermedius and B. tholloni, but has fewer scales in transverse row between lateral line and dorsal fin origin (5 1/2 vs. 6 1/2)." 182460,Atopochilus christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopochilus,christyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 182461,Microsynodontis christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,christyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 182471,Lamprologus tigripictilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,tigripictilis,,,,,"Schelly & Stiassny, 2004","The distribution map of L. markerti and L. tigripictilis in Tougas and Stiassny (2014) show that L. tigripictilis only occurs upstream of the Inga rapids. They indicate that a specimens from Nziya village previously identified as L. tigripictilis by Schelly and Stiassny (2004) in fact represent L. markerti (AMNH 233568). However, they do not explain the distribution and do not reveal the taxonomic position of L. tigripictilis specimens from Matadi (BMNH 1899.2.20.10) and Boma (MRAC 48562) identified in Schelly and Stiassny (2004) as L. tigripictilis. " 182472,Garra makiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,makiensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 182474,Stomatorhinus ivindoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,ivindoensis,,,,,"Sullivan & Hopkins, 2005", 182475,Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,rhynchophorus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 182477,Myomyrus pharao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Myomyrus,pharao,,,,,"Poll & Taverne, 1967", 182481,Lamprologus symoensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,symoensi,,,,,"Poll, 1976", 182482,Kneria wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,wittei,,,,,"Poll, 1944", 182484,Hemistichodus lootensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemistichodus,lootensi,,,,,"Poll & Daget, 1968", 182485,Brycinus peringueyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,peringueyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1923", 182487,Aphyosemion volcanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,volcanum,,,,,"Radda & Wildekamp, 1977","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion)." 182488,Procatopus loemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Procatopus,loemensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1924)", 182489,Synodontis haugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,haugi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1906", 182490,Alestopetersius brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,brichardi,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182491,Coptodon ismailiaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,ismailiaensis,,,,,"(Mekkawy, 1995)",This species is probably a synonym of Oreochromis ismailiaensis (Mekkawy 1995) 182492,Aphyosemion wildekampi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,wildekampi,,,,,"Berkenkamp, 1973", 182493,Divandu albimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Divandu,albimarginatus,,,,,"Lamboj & Snoeks, 2000", 182494,Micralestes fodori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,fodori,,,,,"Matthes, 1965", 182495,Hemigrammocharax minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,minutus,,,,,"(Worthington, 1933)", 182496,Chrysichthys nyongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,nyongensis,,,,,"Risch & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1985","Subgenus (Chrysobagrus) : This species is very close to Chrysichthys (Chrysobagrus) longidorsalis, and was originally described as a subspecies of that taxon. However, Risch (1986) considered that the characters which separate the two are of importance in the evolution of Chrysobagrus (i.e. occipital process a little narrower, nasal barbel a little longer, vomerine teeth slightly more pronounced, and palatine dentition occasionally expressed). For these reasons we follow Risch (1986) in maintaining them as specifically distinct." 182498,Tylochromis praecox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,praecox,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989", 182499,Potamothrissa obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Potamothrissa,obtusirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 182501,Coptodon tholloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,tholloni,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1884)",The presence of Tilapia tholloni in Pool Malebo has to be confirmed. Difficulties arise due to the sympatric presence of Tilapia congica in Pool Malebo. 182502,Raiamas buchholzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,buchholzi,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 182503,Aphyosemion hofmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,hofmanni,,,,,"Radda, 1980","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182504,Synodontis robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,robertsi,,,,,"Poll, 1974", 182506,Labeo kibimbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,kibimbi,,,,,"Poll, 1949", 182509,Petrocephalus hutereaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,hutereaui,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 182510,Aphyosemion hanneloreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,hanneloreae,,,,,"Radda & Pürzl, 1985","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182514,Gephyroglanis congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Gephyroglanis,congicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899","According to the PhD thesis of Risch (1968, unpublished), Gephyroglanis congicus is a synonym of Chrysichthys congicus." 182515,Aphyosemion labarrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,labarrei,,,,,"Poll, 1951", 182516,Thoracochromis wingatii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thoracochromis,wingatii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 182519,Hemichromis stellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,stellifer,,,,,"Loiselle, 1979", 182520,Aphyosemion abacinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,abacinum,,,,,"Huber, 1976","Subgenus (Diapteron)." 182521,Pelmatolapia cabrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelmatolapia,cabrae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182522,Chrysichthys laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,laticeps,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1932", 182523,Tylochromis regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,regani,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989", 182527,Petrocephalus sullivani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,sullivani,,,,,"Lavoué, Hopkins & Kamdem Toham, 2004", 182529,Orthochromis kalungwishiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,kalungwishiensis,,,,,"(Greenwood & Kullander, 1994)", 182531,Labeobarbus lucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,lucius,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 182532,Hemigrammocharax wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,wittei,,,,,"Poll, 1933", 182533,Schilbe congensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,congensis,,,,,"(Leach, 1818)", 182535,Haplochromis luluae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,luluae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1930)","Haplochromis luluae possibly is a synonym of Haplochromis stigmatogenys (Stiassny, M., pers. comm.)." 182537,Labeobarbus aspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,aspius,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 182538,Synodontis centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,centralis,,,,,"Poll, 1971",There is very little information available about Synodontis centralis. 182539,Rhabdalestes rhodesiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Rhabdalestes,rhodesiensis,,,,,"(Ricardo-Bertram, 1943)",Rhadalestes rhodesiensis is possibly identical to Rhabdalestes maunensis. 182540,Labeobarbus versluysii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,versluysii,,,,,"(Holly, 1929)", 182541,Aphyosemion etsamense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,etsamense,,,,,"Sonnenberg & Blum, 2005","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182543,Hypsopanchax jubbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hypsopanchax,jubbi,,,,,"Poll & Lambert, 1965", 182544,Tylochromis trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,trewavasae,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989","Additional topotypical material from the Meme River has been examined but does not appear to be conspecific with holotype of Tylochromis trewavasae. Based on morphometric measurements and meristic counts, the other Meme specimens fall within the range of T. sudanensis and are tentatively assigned to that species." 182545,Lamprologus congoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,congoensis,,,,,"Schilthuis, 1891", 182546,Clariallabes heterocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,heterocephalus,,,,,"Poll, 1967","Clariallabes heterocephalus Poll, 1976 is probably a synonym of Clariallabes variabilis Pellegrin, 1926 (Musschoot, T., 2002, unpub.)" 182547,Hydrocynus tanzaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Hydrocynus,tanzaniae,,,,,"Brewster, 1986", 182548,Brycinus opisthotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,opisthotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 182550,Micralestes sardina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,sardina,,,,,"Poll, 1938", 182552,Schilbe tumbanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,tumbanus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1926)", 182553,Chrysichthys punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,punctatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182554,Chrysichthys ogooensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,ogooensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1900)","Subgenus (Melanodactylus) : In recent collections of D. Adriaens, made at Tchibanga, Nyanga River, Gabon, are a number of specimens (MRAC 99-56-P-63-78) that in many respects resemble C. ogooensis but differ in having longer snouts, a complete absence of vomerine dentition, and an occipital process that is relatively enlarged. At present it is not clear if these specimens represent a new species or an isolated population of C. ogooensis. Whatever the case, it appears that C. ogooensis may be considered to be an intermediate between the subgenera C. (Melanodactylus) and C. (Chrysobagrus)." 182555,Chiloglanis lukugae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,lukugae,,,,,"Poll, 1944", 182556,Lamprologus mocquardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,mocquardi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1903", 182557,Orthochromis polyacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,polyacanthus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182558,Chiloglanis modjensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,modjensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 182559,Brycinus abeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,abeli,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)","The taxonomic status of this species needs to be verified. With exception of the humeral spot, Brycinus abeli resembles Brycinus imberi (Paugy 1986)." 182561,Benitochromis ufermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benitochromis,ufermanni,,,,,"Lamboj, 2001", 182562,Labeo cyclopinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,cyclopinnis,,,,,"Nichols & Griscom, 1917", 182563,Teleogramma depressum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleogramma,depressum,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182564,Phractura brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,brevicauda,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 182565,Barbus tetraspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,tetraspilus,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1896","Taxonomic works is needed as the name is already preoccupied by Barbus tetraspilus Günther, 1868 known from Sri Lanka." 182572,Labeobarbus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,acutirostris,,,,,"(Bini, 1940)", 182573,Bathyaethiops caudomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bathyaethiops,caudomaculatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1925)", 182575,Aplocheilichthys jeanneli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,jeanneli,,,,,(Pellegrin 1935), 182576,Mormyrops parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,parvus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182577,Aplocheilichthys antinorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,antinorii,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1883)", 182581,Raiamas christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,christyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 182582,Mastacembelus greshoffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,greshoffi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 182584,Microctenopoma nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,nigricans,,,,,"Norris, 1995", 182585,Fundulopanchax robertsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,robertsoni,,,,,"(Radda & Scheel, 1974)",Subgenus (Paludopanchax). 182586,Congolapia bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Congolapia,bilineata,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1900)", 182587,Labeobarbus tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,tornieri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1906)", 182588,Marcusenius fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,fuscus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)", 182589,Brachypetersius pseudonummifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brachypetersius,pseudonummifer,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182590,Plataplochilus terveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Plataplochilus,terveri,,,,,"(Huber, 1981)", 182591,Hypsopanchax catenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hypsopanchax,catenatus,,,,,"Radda, 1981", 182592,Tetracamphilius clandestinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Tetracamphilius,clandestinus,,,,,"Roberts, 2003", 182593,Doumea gracila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Doumea,gracila,,,,,"Skelton, 2007",The specimens of Doumea typica from Cameroon are Doumea gracila. 182594,Coptodon cameronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,cameronensis,,,,,"(Holly, 1927)", 182596,Marcusenius intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,intermedius,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924", 182598,Aphyosemion polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,polli,,,,,"Radda & Pürzl, 1987", 182599,Notoglanidium macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,macrostoma,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 182600,Lacustricola moeruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Lacustricola,moeruensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 182603,Alestopetersius caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,caudalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182605,Aphyosemion escherichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,escherichi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion): The nomenclature of this species is under discussion. Huber (1996) presented arguments that Aphyosemion escherichi could be a synonym of Aphyosemion striatum. The correct name of the species, here named Aphyosemion escherichi could then be Aphyosemion microphtalmum Lambert & Géry, 1968. No freshly collected material from the type locality of Aphyosemion escherichi is available; we prefer to follow the latest available revision (Seegers 1988)." 182606,Aphyosemion lamberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,lamberti,,,,,"Radda & Huber, 1977","Subgenus (Aphyosemion)." 182607,Labeobarbus truttiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,truttiformis,,,,,"(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)", 182613,Mastacembelus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,crassus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182614,Epiplatys mesogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,mesogramma,,,,,"Huber, 1980", 182618,Alestopetersius tumbensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,tumbensis,,,,,"Hoedeman, 1951", 182619,Haplochromis polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,polli,,,,,"Thys van den Audenaerde, 1964","Taxonomy of haplochromine cichlids is in disarray. The species is often included in Ctenochromis. Further phylogenetic work is necessary to resolve generic placement." 182621,Campylomormyrus luapulaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,luapulaensis,,,,,"(David & Poll, 1937)", 182623,Bryconaethiops boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bryconaethiops,boulengeri,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1900", 182625,Phractura longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,longicauda,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 182626,Mormyrops masuianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,masuianus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182629,Clupeocharax schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Clupeocharax,schoutedeni,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1926", 182631,Euchilichthys boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Euchilichthys,boulengeri,,,,,"Nichols & La Monte, 1934", 182635,Gnathonemus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Gnathonemus,barbatus,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182636,Euchilichthys guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Euchilichthys,guentheri,,,,,"(Schilthuis, 1891)", 182639,Microsynodontis laevigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,laevigata,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 182640,Mormyrops intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,intermedius,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1928", 182642,Fundulopanchax rubrolabialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,rubrolabialis,,,,,"(Radda, 1973)",Subgenus (Paludopanchax). 182643,Poropanchax myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poropanchax,myersi,,,,,"(Poll, 1952)", 182644,Stomatorhinus corneti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,corneti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182646,Clariallabes centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,centralis,,,,,"(Poll & Lambert, 1958)", 182649,Doumea typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Doumea,typica,,,,,"Sauvage, 1879", 182650,Teleogramma brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleogramma,brichardi,,,,,"Poll, 1959",It is currently under revision. Teleogramma brichardi is possibly a complex. 182652,Microthrissa royauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Microthrissa,royauxi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182653,Clariallabes variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,variabilis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1926","Clariallabes heterocephalus Poll, 1976 is probably a synonym of Clariallabes variabilis Pellegrin, 1926 (Musschoot, T., 2002, unpub.)" 182654,Labeo alticentralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,alticentralis,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, 1997", 182656,Sarotherodon mvogoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,mvogoi,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1965)", 182657,Labeobarbus longissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,longissimus,,,,,"(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)", 182659,Labeobarbus longidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,longidorsalis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1935)", 182660,Chromidotilapia melaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,melaniae,,,,,"Lamboj, 2003","Individuals of this species have been referred to as Chromidotilapia “Shiloango” in the aquarium literature (e.g., Linke and Staeck 2002). They were so-named in reference to preserved specimens from Cabinda deposited at MRAC and informally named “Shiloango” by Thys (1968). It is not possible to determine the status of the MRAC specimens but it is likely that they represent an additional, undescribed species, distinct from Chromidotilapia melaniae.
Specimens identified as Chromidotilapia kingsleyae from localities outside the Ogowe basin are presumed to be misidentifications, most often of Chromidotilapia mamonekenei and Chromidiotilapia melaniae." 182661,Pollimyrus nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182662,Parakneria malaissei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,malaissei,,,,,"Poll, 1969", 182663,Microthrissa minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Microthrissa,minuta,,,,,"Poll, 1974", 182667,Petrocephalus balayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,balayi,,,,,"Sauvage, 1883", 182671,Parailia congica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Parailia,congica,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182672,Haplochromis stigmatogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,stigmatogenys,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 182674,Chromidotilapia mrac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,mrac,,,,,"Lamboj, 2002", 182675,Mormyrops furcidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,furcidens,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1900", 182680,Tricuspidalestes caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Tricuspidalestes,caeruleus,,,,,"(Matthes, 1964)", 182681,Brycinus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,bimaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182682,Stomatorhinus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,ater,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924", 182683,Parananochromis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parananochromis,longirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 182684,Synodontis nummifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,nummifer,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182686,Synodontis serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,serratus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1829", 182689,Aphyosemion schioetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,schioetzi,,,,,"Huber & Scheel, 1981", 182691,Nannocharax taenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,taenia,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182692,Labeo niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,niloticus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","This fish very closely resembles Labeo horie Heckel, 1846." 182693,Campylomormyrus bredoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,bredoi,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)", 182694,Tylochromis lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,lateralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 182695,Coptodon congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,congicus,,,,,"(Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1960)","Taxonomy of this species is in need of clarification. The distinction between this species and T. tholleni in Pool Malebo is poorly defined." 182700,Barbus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,myersi,,,,,"Poll, 1939", 182705,Brycinus comptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,comptus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182706,Ebomegobius goodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ebomegobius,goodi,,,,,"Herre, 1946", 182707,Phago boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Phago,boulengeri,,,,,"Schilthuis, 1891", 182708,Alestes bouboni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestes,bouboni,,,,,"Roman, 1973", 18271,Prodontria lewisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Prodontria,lewisi,,,,,"Broun, 1904", 182711,Schilbe zairensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,zairensis,,,,,"De Vos, 1995", 182712,Eleotris annobonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,annobonensis,,,,,"Blanc, Cadenat & Stauch, 1968", 182713,Brycinus kingsleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,kingsleyae,,,,,"(Günther, 1896)","Brycinus kinsleyae is close to Brycinus taeniurus and Brycinus opisthotaenia. The body has a clearly wider band than the former. This dark band starts less far forward than in B. opisthotaenia, originating slightly posterior to vertical through dorsal fin origin in B. kinsleyae but originating at a vertical through the dorsal fin origin in B. opisthotaenia." 182714,Leptoglanis xenognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Leptoglanis,xenognathus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182716,Synodontis schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,schoutedeni,,,,,"David, 1936", 182719,Fundulopanchax gresensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,gresensi,,,,,"Berkenkamp, 2003","Subgenus (Paraphyosemion). Berkenkamp (2003), describing the results of hybridization tests with the other species of the Fundulopanchax mirabilis-group, (Fundulopanchax intermittens, Fundulopanchax mirabilis, Fundulopanchax moensis and Fundulopanchax traudeae), indicates that all crosses resulted in a viable F3 generations. These results suggest that, following a biological species concept, these taxa may be considered conspecific." 182720,Parachanna insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Parachanna,insignis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1884)", 182721,Paradoxoglanis cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Paradoxoglanis,cryptus,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 182722,Clariallabes brevibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,brevibarbis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1913", 182723,Clypeobarbus schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Clypeobarbus,schoutedeni,,,,,"(Poll & Lambert, 1961)", 182724,Haplochromis demeusii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,demeusii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182726,Chrysichthys habereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,habereri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1912", 182727,Parauchenoglanis pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,pantherinus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1929)", 182728,Synodontis notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,notatus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1893", 182729,Epiplatys neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,neumanni,,,,,"Berkenkamp, 1993", 182731,Aphyosemion punctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,punctatum,,,,,"Radda & Pürzl, 1977", 182732,Micralestes ambiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,ambiguus,,,,,"Géry, 1995", 182734,Tetracamphilius notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Tetracamphilius,notatus,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)", 182742,Steatocranus gibbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,gibbiceps,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182746,Brachypetersius notospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brachypetersius,notospilus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1930)", 182747,Distichodus altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,altus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182748,Aphyosemion poliaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,poliaki,,,,,"Amiet, 1991","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion)." 182749,Synodontis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,longirostris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182750,Mormyrops curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,curtus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182751,Belonoglanis tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Belonoglanis,tenuis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902","Belanoglanis nudipectus could be a valid species, known from the Lower Congo rapids (Stiassny, M., pers. obs.)." 182753,Labeo tongaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,tongaensis,,,,,"Rendahl, 1935", 182754,Steatocranus casuarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,casuarius,,,,,"Poll, 1939","This species is under revision, and is possibly a species complex." 182756,Microthrissa whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Microthrissa,whiteheadi,,,,,"Gourène & Teugels, 1988", 182758,Ctenopoma nigropannosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,nigropannosum,,,,,"Reichenow, 1875","This species has long been known as Ctenopoma pellegrini (Boulenger) (or Anabas pellegrini). The holotype of that species is conspecific with the types of C. nigropannosum which has priority (and in the literature has most commonly been applied to the preceding species, correctly named C. gabonense)." 182761,Chiloglanis pojeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,pojeri,,,,,"Poll, 1944", 182770,Schwetzochromis neodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Schwetzochromis,neodon,,,,,"Poll, 1948", 182771,Opsaridium boweni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,boweni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1930)", 182774,Fundulopanchax kamdemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,kamdemi,,,,,"Akum, Sonnenberg, Van der Zee & Wildekamp, 2007", 182775,Ctenopoma machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,machadoi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1930)", 182778,Citharinus gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharinus,gibbosus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182780,Synodontis ornatipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,ornatipinnis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182781,Chrysichthys dageti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,dageti,,,,,"Risch, 1992","Subgenus (Melanodactylus)" 182782,Brycinus poptae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,poptae,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1906)", 182787,Pollimyrus pedunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,pedunculatus,,,,,"(David & Poll, 1937)","The identification of the specimens from the Kouilou must be regarded as tentative. There are clear differences between the specimens from the Kouilolu and those from the Congo. Additional collections and study are needed to make this determination with greater confidence. (Stiassny et al., 2007)." 182788,Steatocranus bleheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,bleheri,,,,,"Meyer, 1993", 182789,Synodontis pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,pardalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 182790,Labeobarbus habereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,habereri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1912)", 182791,Poecilothrissa congica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Poecilothrissa,congica,,,,,"Regan, 1917", 182793,Aphyosemion hera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,hera,,,,,"Huber, 1998", 182794,Paradoxoglanis caudivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Paradoxoglanis,caudivittatus,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 182797,Kneria angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,angolensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1866", 182798,Schilbe laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,laticeps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182806,Microctenopoma fasciolatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,fasciolatum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182808,Pollimyrus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 182811,Labeobarbus pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,pellegrini,,,,,"(Bertin & Estève, 1948)", 182812,Stomatorhinus schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,schoutedeni,,,,,"Poll, 1945", 182813,Petrocephalus schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,schoutedeni,,,,,"Poll, 1954", 182814,Labeo weeksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,weeksii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909",Labeo weeksii most closely resembles Labeo lineatus and is only dubiously distinct from that species (Reid 1985). Three specimens of Labeo lineatus proved to be Labeo weeksii (Tshibwabwa and Teugels 1995). 182817,Synodontis greshoffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,greshoffi,,,,,"Schilthuis, 1891", 182818,Epiplatys lokoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,lokoensis,,,,,"Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1978", 182819,Aphyosemion decorsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,decorsei,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)", 182820,Labeobarbus mungoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,mungoensis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1974)", 182822,Stenogobius kenyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,kenyae,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 182823,Haplochromis loati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,loati,,,,,"Greenwood, 1971", 182825,Nannothrissa stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nannothrissa,stewarti,,,,,"Poll & Roberts, 1976", 182828,Marcusenius monteiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,monteiri,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 182829,Mormyrus cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,cyaneus,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182830,Aphyosemion trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,trilineatus,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1934)","No additional significant information has become available since the original description and it is doubtful if this species can ever be identified on the basis of the information presently available. However, it is presented as a distinct species because the description of Ladiges (1934) is acceptable in terms of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature although it should be regarded as a nomen dubium. (Wildekamp 1993)." 182832,Synodontis albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,albolineatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924", 182833,Hydrocynus goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Hydrocynus,goliath,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182834,Ivindomyrus opdenboschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Ivindomyrus,opdenboschi,,,,,"Taverne & Géry, 1975", 182836,Synodontis acanthomias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,acanthomias,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182838,Micralestes holargyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,holargyreus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 182840,Brachypetersius gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brachypetersius,gabonensis,,,,,"Poll, 1967",
 182842,Nannothrissa parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nannothrissa,parva,,,,,"(Regan, 1917)", 182844,Tetracamphilius angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Tetracamphilius,angustifrons,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 182846,Labeo maleboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,maleboensis,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, 1997", 182847,Synodontis rebeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,rebeli,,,,,"Holly, 1926","Forms a complex with Synodontis obesus. Study has shown that it is difficult to distinguish these two species. Depending on geographical location, several morphological variations may occur. It appears that a morphological cline exists from the North to the South, with some diagnosable forms from restricted rivers or tributaries. Further investigations are underway, and here we present the known characteristics of the two species, and including also the characteristics of an undescribed species from the Ngounie River (Ogowe basin)." 182848,Petrocephalus grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,grandoculis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 182849,Stomatorhinus patrizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Stomatorhinus,patrizii,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1928", 182851,Chromidotilapia regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,regani,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1906)", 182852,Eugnathichthys macroterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Eugnathichthys,macroterolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182853,Marcusenius stanleyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,stanleyanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 182855,Mormyrus ovis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,ovis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898",Taxonomy of this group is in need of revision. Current species limits are poorly defined. 182856,Aphyosemion seegersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,seegersi,,,,,"Huber, 1980","Subgenus (Diapteron)." 182858,Mastacembelus congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,congicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Mastacembelus signatus Boulenger, 1905 was originally described on a single specimen originating from “Lake Bangwelo” (see Boulenger, 1911) (Upper Congo River basin, DRC). Further, both M. trispinosus Steindachner, 1911 and M. catchpolei Fowler, 1936 were originally described and are only known by their holotype, respectively originating from “aus dem Ituriflusse bei Mawambi” and “Tinda tributary of Shari-Ituri in Bunia region...” (both situated in the Middle Congo River basin, DRC).
A detailed study of the meristic, morphometric and colour pattern data of the holotype of these nominal species revealed that they fall well within the variation ranges observed for M. congicus. Therefore, these species are considered junior synonyms of M. congicus." 182859,Microctenopoma uelense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,uelense,,,,,"Norris & Douglas, 1995", 182862,Clypeobarbus bomokandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Clypeobarbus,bomokandi,,,,,"(Myers, 1924)", 182866,Neolebias spilotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,spilotaenia,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912", 182867,Raiamas longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,longirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 182868,Brycinus taeniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,taeniurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","Brycinus taeniurus is close to Brycinus opisthotaenia and especially to Brycinus kingsleyae. But generally, it has no humeral spot (which is always present in the two other species) and has more numerous gill rakers on lower limb of first arch (24-28 vs. 16-25 in B. opisthotaenia and 16-21 in B. kingsleyae). But the more discriminatory character is the longitudinal band shape which is very thin (restricted to upper third of each scale) in B. taeniurus, while larger (one scale width) in B. opisthotaenia and B. kingsleyae." 182869,Aphyosemion mimbon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,mimbon,,,,,"Huber, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182871,Chrysichthys duttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,duttoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 182875,Oreochromis lepidurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,lepidurus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182876,Atopochilus pachychilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopochilus,pachychilus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924", 182877,Tilapia ruweti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tilapia,ruweti,,,,,"(Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1965)", 182881,Alestopetersius nigropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,nigropterus,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182882,Parakneria damasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,damasi,,,,,"Poll, 1965", 182883,Opsaridium zambezense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,zambezense,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)", 182884,Labeobarbus megastoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,megastoma,,,,,"(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 1997)", 182887,Neobola moeruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Neobola,moeruensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 182888,Aphyosemion bamilekorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,bamilekorum,,,,,"Radda, 1971", 182889,Synodontis tessmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,tessmanni,,,,,"Pappenheim, 1911", 182891,Dolichamphilius longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Dolichamphilius,longiceps,,,,,"Roberts, 2003", 182894,Synodontis pleurops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,pleurops,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 182895,Parauchenoglanis ngamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,ngamensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 182897,Labeo sanagaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,sanagaensis,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, 1997", 182899,Clypeobarbus pseudognathodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Clypeobarbus,pseudognathodon,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 182900,Paramormyrops curvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,curvifrons,,,,,"(Taverne, Thys van den Audenaerde, Heymer & Géry, 1977)", 182901,Labeobarbus gananensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,gananensis,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1895)", 182903,Parakneria cameronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,cameronensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 182904,Paramphilius baudoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Paramphilius,baudoni,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 182906,Schilbe grenfelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,grenfelli,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 182907,Labeo batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,batesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 182911,Boulengeromyrus knoepffleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Boulengeromyrus,knoepffleri,,,,,"Taverne & Géry, 1968", 182912,Marcusenius devosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,devosi,,,,,"Kramer, Skelton, van der Bank & Wink, 2007","Formerly considered to be M. macrolepidotus, but described as a new species in 2007. Other populations in East Africa remain to be critically assessed, including specimens from the Rovuma system, considered by Kramer et al. (2007) to be intermediate between M. devosi and M. macrolepidotus but closer to the former." 182914,Lamprologus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,werneri,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 182917,Labeobarbus altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,altipinnis,,,,,"(Banister & Poll, 1973)", 182920,Barbus paucisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,paucisquamatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1935", 182922,Petrocephalus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,microphthalmus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1909", 182926,Phractura fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,fasciata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 182930,Lamprologus lethops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,lethops,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 182931,Nannocharax intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,intermedius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903",It is possibly the same species as Nannocharax fasciatus. 182934,Aphyosemion schluppi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,schluppi,,,,,"Radda & Huber, 1978","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182936,Schilbe yangambianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,yangambianus,,,,,"(Poll, 1954)", 182937,Epiplatys singa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,singa,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182938,Micralestes lualabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,lualabae,,,,,"Poll, 1967",The genus is currently undergoing taxonomic revision (Escobar and Stiassny). 182940,Aphyosemion caudofasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,caudofasciatum,,,,,"Huber & Radda, 1979","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182942,Atopodontus adriaensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopodontus,adriaensi,,,,,"Friel & Vigliotta, 2008", 182944,Papyrocranus congoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Papyrocranus,congoensis,,,,,"(Nichols & La Monte, 1932)", 182945,Labeo fulakariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,fulakariensis,,,,,"Tshibwabwa, Stiassny & Schelly, 2006",The taxonomy of Labeo fulakariensis needs to be reviewed. 182947,Aphyosemion elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,elegans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182949,Amphilius korupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,korupi,,,,,"Skelton, 2007", 182952,Labeobarbus osseensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,osseensis,,,,,"(Nagelkerke & Sibbing, 2000)", 182954,Labeobarbus vanderysti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,vanderysti,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)", 182956,Epiplatys chevalieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,chevalieri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)","Lambert (1961) divided Epiplatys chevalieri into two subspecies, Epiplatys chevalieri chevalieri and Epiplatys chevalieri nigricans. The subspecies distinction was based mainly on relative body depth; the former being deeper than the latter. Based on observed variations in populations in eastern Congo, Huber (1979) regarded these two subspecies as a single taxon. Scheel (1990) considered them to be distinct species, but with some reservation. The present author prefers to regard them as subspecies, based on the common presence of a dark longitudinal band in all populations of the Congo River (=Epiplatys chevalieri nigricans) , which is absent in populations found west of the Congo River (=Epiplatys chevalieri chevalieri). The red lines on the sides of these subspecies also constitute a distinguishing feature. On Epiplatys chevalieri nigricans these comprise rows of distinct red spots, whereas on Epiplatys chevalieri chevalieri the lines consist of partially fused red spots. Populations on the west and north of the Congo River are here regarded as Epiplatys chevalieri chevalieri, while those found to the east of the Congo River represent Epiplatys chevalieri nigricans. It is realized that further research is needed before a final conclusion can be drawn. (Wildekamp 1996)" 182957,Neolebias gossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,gossei,,,,,"(Poll & Lambert, 1964)", 182960,Aphyosemion ocellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,ocellatum,,,,,"Huber & Radda, 1977","Subgenus (Mesoaphyosemion)." 182962,Chromidotilapia elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,elongata,,,,,"Lamboj, 1999", 182965,Labeobarbus brauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,brauni,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1935)", 182966,Fundulopanchax marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,marmoratus,,,,,"(Radda, 1973)",Subgenus (Pauciradius). 182967,Synodontis pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,pulcher,,,,,"Poll, 1971", 182968,Aphyosemion lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,lugens,,,,,"Amiet, 1991","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion): Aphysemion (Chromaphyosemion) melinoides (Sonnenberg, 2007) is distinguished from its close relative Aphysemion (Chromaphyosemion) lugens by the orange colour on the throat and belly, orange in basal half of anal and dorsal fins and orange fin streamer on dorsal fin in males and orange in ventral part of caudal fin in females; the anterior or complete dorsal fin orange, orange hue on flanks of females. A. melinoides is known from several collection localities along the road from Kribi to Ebolowa between the villages Akok and Akom II and on the road from Akom II to Bipindi in southwestern Cameroon." 182969,Ichthyborus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Ichthyborus,ornatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182971,Microsynodontis batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,batesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 182973,Synodontis longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,longispinis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1930", 182975,Procatopus nototaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Procatopus,nototaenia,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 182978,Brycinus grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,grandisquamis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182985,Distichodus noboli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,noboli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182986,Aphyosemion chauchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,chauchei,,,,,"Huber & Scheel, 1981", 182987,Microctenopoma milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,milleri,,,,,"(Norris & Douglas, 1991)", 182990,Labeo cyclorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,cyclorhynchus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 182992,Nannocharax pteron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,pteron,,,,,"Fowler, 1936", 182993,Synodontis leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,leopardus,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1896", 182994,Lacustricola lualabaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Lacustricola,lualabaensis,,,,,"(Poll, 1938)", 182995,Opsaridium engrauloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,engrauloides,,,,,"(Nichols, 1923)",There is very little information available about Opsaridium engrauloides. 182998,Orthochromis luongoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,luongoensis,,,,,"(Greenwood & Kullander, 1994)", 183001,Labeobarbus arambourgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,arambourgi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1935", 183003,Amphilius brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,brevis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 183004,Tetracamphilius pectinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Tetracamphilius,pectinatus,,,,,"Roberts, 2003", 183006,Nannocharax reidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,reidi,,,,,"Vari & Ferraris, 2004", 183008,Mastacembelus latens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,latens,,,,,"Roberts & Stewart, 1976", 183009,Parakneria ladigesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,ladigesi,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 183010,Gephyroglanis gymnorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Gephyroglanis,gymnorhynchus,,,,,"Pappenheim, 1914","According to the PhD thesis of Risch (1968, unpublished), Gephyroglanis gymnorhynchus is a synonym of Chrysichthys congicus." 183011,Microsynodontis armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,armatus,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 183012,Amphilius zairensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,zairensis,,,,,"Skelton, 1986", 183015,Mastacembelus brachyrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,brachyrhinus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 183016,Psammphiletria delicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Psammphiletria,delicata,,,,,"Roberts, 2003", 18309,Haplochromis bartoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bartoni,,,,,"Greenwood, 1962", 183017,Euchilichthys royauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Euchilichthys,royauxi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 183018,Labeo kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,kirkii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 183019,Microstomatichthyoborus katangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Microstomatichthyoborus,katangae,,,,,"David & Poll, 1937", 183020,Malapterurus shirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,shirensis,,,,,"Roberts, 2000", 183023,Aphyosemion kouamense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,kouamense,,,,,"Legros, 1999","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion)." 183024,Leptocypris weynsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,weynsii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 1831,Aphaenogaster bidentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Aphaenogaster,bidentatus,,,,,, 183027,Poecilothrissa moeruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Poecilothrissa,moeruensis,,,,,"Poll, 1948", 183030,Trachyglanis ineac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Trachyglanis,ineac,,,,,"(Poll, 1954)", 183031,Synodontis alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,alberti,,,,,"Schilthuis, 1891", 183033,Protopterus dolloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,SARCOPTERYGII,LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES,PROTOPTERIDAE,Protopterus,dolloi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 18311,Haplochromis decticostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,decticostoma,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 183034,Mormyrops batesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,batesianus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909", 183036,Benitochromis riomuniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benitochromis,riomuniensis,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1981)", 183037,Microsynodontis vigilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,vigilis,,,,,"Ng, 2004","Microsynodontis used to be one species Microsynodontis batesi. It has been split into nine species. According to Brummett, R. it is almost impossible to tell them apart and it is doubtful regarding their species status (pers. comm. Brummett, R. and Reid, G. McG.)." 18312,Haplochromis dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,dentex,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 18313,Haplochromis estor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,estor,,,,,"Regan, 1929", 18307,Haplochromis arcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,arcanus,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 18314,Haplochromis flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,flavipinnis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 18315,Haplochromis gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,gilberti,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 18318,Haplochromis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,longirostris,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1888)", 18319,Haplochromis macrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,macrognathus,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 18320,Haplochromis mandibularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,mandibularis,,,,,"Greenwood, 1962", 183206,Diplectrum pacificum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,pacificum,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1925", 183207,Hypsoblennius paytensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,paytensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183208,Genyatremus pacifici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Genyatremus,pacifici,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183209,Cheilopogon papilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,papilio,,,,,(Clark 1936), 18321,Haplochromis mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,mento,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 183211,Eucinostomus dowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,dowii,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)",This species was previously considered as Eucinostomus argenteus. 183212,Malacoctenus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,gigas,,,,,"Springer, 1959", 183213,Selene peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selene,peruviana,,,,,(Guichenot 1866), 183216,Atherinella panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,panamensis,,,,,Steindachner 1875, 183218,Microgobius brevispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,brevispinis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939", 183219,Acanthemblemaria macrospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,macrospilus,,,,,"Brock, 1940","This species has a disjunct distribution that may involve two species, one distributed in the Gulf of California and the other in southern Mexico." 18322,Haplochromis nanoserranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nanoserranus,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 183220,Synodus lucioceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,lucioceps,,,,,"(Ayres, 1855)", 183221,Myxodagnus sagitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Myxodagnus,sagitta,,,,,"Myers & Wade, 1946", 183222,Myrichthys aspetocheiros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrichthys,aspetocheiros,,,,,"McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1993", 183223,Gobionellus liolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobionellus,liolepis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)", 183224,Gymnothorax dovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,dovii,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 183225,Kyphosus analogus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Kyphosus,analogus,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)","Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families. Their study recognized 11 species in Kyphosidae, as well as one Neoscorpis, which is considered a distinct genus within Kyphosidae. Thus, there are 12 species total in the family Kyphosidae. 

Kyphosus lutescens and K. pacificus are now treated as synonyms of K. sectatrix. Both K. incisor and K. analogus are now considered synonyms of K. vaigiensis. K. pacificus/sandwicensis is a synonym of K. elegans. Before Knudsen and Clements (2013) it was thought that only two Kyphosids occurred in the Atlantic, but there are in fact four species, K. sectatrix, K. vaigiensis/incisor, K. bigibbus, and K. cinerascens." 183226,Opistognathus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,punctatus,,,,,"Peters, 1869",The juvenile of Opistognathus punctatus was described as O. mexicanus by Allen and Robertson (1991). Opistognathus mexicanus is considered the junior synonym of O. punctatus (Bussing and Lavenberg 2003). 183228,Stathmonotus culebrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Stathmonotus,culebrai,,,,,"Seale, 1940","This species is sometimes mispelled as Stathmonotus culebrae, but the original orthography is with an '-ai' ending." 183229,Synchiropus atrilabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,atrilabiatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 18323,Haplochromis nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nigrescens,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 183230,Diplectrum labarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,labarum,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1974", 183231,Eugerres lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,lineatus,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1821)", 183233,Tomicodon zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,zebra,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183234,Aplatophis zorro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Aplatophis,zorro,,,,,"McCosker & Robertson, 2001", 183236,Tanyemblemaria alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Tanyemblemaria,alleni,,,,,"Hastings, 1992", 183237,Ariosoma prorigerum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,prorigerum,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1891)","Also known as Japanoconger proriger (Robertson and Allen 2006). Ophisoma prorigerum is an objective synonym of Ariosoma prorigerum, and is listed as valid but the genus uncertain." 183238,Guentheridia formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Guentheridia,formosa,,,,,(Günther 1870), 183239,Diplectrum maximum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,maximum,,,,,Hildebrand 1946, 18324,Haplochromis paraguiarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,paraguiarti,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 183240,Chromis crusma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,crusma,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 183241,Starksia grammilaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,grammilaga,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 183242,Ilypnus luculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ilypnus,luculentus,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1938)", 183243,Lythrypnus cobalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,cobalus,,,,,"Bussing, 1990", 183246,Gymnothorax panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183249,Scorpaena sonorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,sonorae,,,,,"Jenkins & Evermann, 1889", 18325,Haplochromis percoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,percoides,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 183250,Gobiesox adustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,adustus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183251,Ogilbia ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,ventralis,,,,,(Gill 1863), 183253,Axoclinus storeyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Axoclinus,storeyae,,,,,"(Brock, 1940)", 183254,Schedophilus haedrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Schedophilus,haedrichi,,,,,"Chirichigno F., 1973", 183255,Gobiosoma nudum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,nudum,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)", 183256,Anisotremus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,scapularis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1846)", 183258,Cottoclinus canops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Cottoclinus,canops,,,,,"McCosker, Stephens & Rosenblatt, 2003", 183259,Apogon atradorsatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,atradorsatus,,,,,"Heller & Snodgrass, 1903", 18326,Haplochromis perrieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,perrieri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 183260,Scartichthys viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartichthys,viridis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 183261,Hemanthias signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Hemanthias,signifer,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 183262,Paralabrax callaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,callaensis,,,,,Starks 1906, 183263,Synodus lacertinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,lacertinus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183264,Heteroconger canabus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,canabus,,,,,"(Cowan & Rosenblatt, 1974)",Possibly a junior synonym of Heteroconger digueti. 183265,Tomicodon vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,vermiculatus,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 183266,Atherinella nocturna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,nocturna,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1942)", 183267,Leuresthes sardina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Leuresthes,sardina,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 183269,Ogilbia robertsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,robertsoni,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005",Newly discovered species in 2005. 18327,Haplochromis prognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,prognathus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)", 183270,Ogilbia nudiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,nudiceps,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 183272,Cathorops dasycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,dasycephalus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183273,Axoclinus nigricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Axoclinus,nigricaudus,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1991",A recent study showed significant genetic structure within the species (Riginos and Nachman 2001). 183275,Scartichthys gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartichthys,gigas,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183276,Sphoeroides lobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,lobatus,,,,,(Steindachner 1870), 183277,Lile gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Lile,gracilis,,,,,"Castro-Aguirre & Vivero, 1990", 183279,Tomicodon humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,humeralis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 18328,Haplochromis pseudopellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pseudopellegrini,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 183280,Lepidonectes clarkhubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Lepidonectes,clarkhubbsi,,,,,"Bussing, 1991", 183281,Pontinus furcirhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,furcirhinus,,,,,Garman 1899, 183282,Lutjanus inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,inermis,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 183283,Pronotogrammus multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pronotogrammus,multifasciatus,,,,,Gill 1863, 183284,Daector schmitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Daector,schmitti,,,,,"Collette, 1968", 183285,Microgobius emblematicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,emblematicus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183286,Atherinella pachylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,pachylepis,,,,,(Günther 1864), 183287,Hirundichthys marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Hirundichthys,marginatus,,,,,"(Nichols & Breder, 1928)", 183288,Gymnothorax angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,angusticeps,,,,,"(Hildebrand & Barton, 1949)", 183289,Conodon macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Conodon,macrops,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 18329,Haplochromis venator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,venator,,,,,"Greenwood, 1965", 183290,Paraclinus beebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,beebei,,,,,Hubbs 1952, 183291,Ogilbia sedorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,sedorae,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005",Newly discovered species in 2005. 183292,Trinectes fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 183293,Caranx vinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,vinctus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183295,Hoplopagrus guentherii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Hoplopagrus,guentherii,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 183296,Seriolella violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Seriolella,violacea,,,,,"Guichenot, 1848", 183297,Paraconger californiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Paraconger,californiensis,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1961", 183298,Pseudobalistes naufragium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Pseudobalistes,naufragium,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1895)", 183299,Gobiesox crassicorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,crassicorpus,,,,,"(Briggs, 1951)", 183300,Bellator farrago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,farrago,,,,,Richards & McCosker 1998,The Gruchy (1970) record of Prionotus loxias from the Galapagos is a misidentification of this species. 183301,Porichthys myriaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,myriaster,,,,,"Hubbs & Schultz, 1939", 183303,Coralliozetus angelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Coralliozetus,angelicus,,,,,"(Böhlke & Mead, 1957)", 183304,Diplectrum euryplectrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,euryplectrum,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183305,Xyrichtys victori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,victori,,,,,"Wellington, 1992", 183306,Gordiichthys combibus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Gordiichthys,combibus,,,,,"McCosker & Lavenberg, 2001", 183307,Elacatinus nesiotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,nesiotes,,,,,"Bussing, 1990","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Elacatinus nesiotes to Tigrigobius nesiotes. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 31May2022 

This species is very similar to Tigrigobius digueti (Taylor and Hellberg 2005, Quimbayo et al. 2018)." 183311,Lutjanus novemfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,novemfasciatus,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 183312,Chlopsis apterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Chlopsis,apterus,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938)", 183313,Pomadasys macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,macracanthus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183315,Ogcocephalus porrectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,porrectus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 183316,Etropus ciadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,ciadi,,,,,"van der Heiden & Plascencia González, 2005", 183318,Labrisomus wigginsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,wigginsi,,,,,"Hubbs, 1953", 183319,Coralliozetus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Coralliozetus,springeri,,,,,"Stephens & Johnson, 1966", 18332,Haplochromis xenostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,xenostoma,,,,,"Regan, 1922",Appeared in the IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the generic name Prognathochromis. 183320,Paraclinus altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,altivelis,,,,,"(Lockington, 1881)", 183321,Kyphosus lutescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Kyphosus,lutescens,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)","Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families. Their study recognized 11 species in Kyphosidae, as well as one Neoscorpis, which is considered a distinct genus within Kyphosidae. Thus, there are 12 species total in the family Kyphosidae. 

Kyphosus lutescens and K. pacificus are now treated as synonyms of K. sectatrix. Both K. incisor and K. analogus are now considered synonyms of K. vaigiensis. K. pacificus/sandwicensis is a synonym of K. elegans. Before Knudsen and Clements (2013) it was thought that only two Kyphosids occurred in the Atlantic, but there are in fact four species, K. sectatrix, K. vaigiensis/incisor, K. bigibbus, and K. cinerascens." 183322,Uropterygius versutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,versutus,,,,,"Bussing, 1991", 183323,Gobulus crescentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobulus,crescentalis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 183324,Caranx caninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,caninus,,,,,"Günther, 1867",Previously this species has sometimes been referred to as Caranx hippos. 183325,Chriolepis lepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,lepidota,,,,,"Findley, 1975",This species is also spelled as Chriolepis lepidotus. 183327,Semicossyphus darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Semicossyphus,darwini,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 183328,Microlepidotus brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Microlepidotus,brevipinnis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1869)", 183329,Apogon atricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,atricaudus,,,,,"Jordan & McGregor, 1898", 18333,Prognathochromis sp. nov. 'long snout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Prognathochromis,sp. nov. 'long snout',,,,,,"Two collections from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Voucher numbers: MCZ 140092, MCZ 146260. Will presumably be described under Haplochromis." 183330,Xenistius californiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Xenistius,californiensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)","This species may represent two species given that no records known between them. Proposed names are Xenistius californiensis from southern California to the Gulf of California, and Xenistius peruanus from Lobos Islands Peru to central Peru (Roberston pers. comm.)." 183331,Trinectes fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)", 183333,Uropterygius polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Uropterygius,polystictus,,,,,"Myers & Wade, 1941", 183334,Lutjanus peru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,peru,,,,,"(Nichols & Murphy, 1922)", 183335,Lythrypnus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,pulchellus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1938",Lythrypnus pulchellus was separated from L. rhizophora based on island vs. coastal distribution by Bussing (1990). However unpublished current molecular data indicates that they may be the same species. 183336,Lile stolifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Lile,stolifera,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183337,Peprilus simillimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STROMATEIDAE,Peprilus,simillimus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1860)", 183338,Gobiesox marijeanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,marijeanae,,,,,"Briggs, 1960", 183339,Peprilus medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STROMATEIDAE,Peprilus,medius,,,,,(Peters 1869), 183341,Canthigaster punctatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,punctatissima,,,,,(Günther 1870), 183343,Paralabrax loro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,loro,,,,,Walford 1936, 183345,Aruma histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Aruma,histrio,,,,,"(Jordan, 1884)", 183346,Pleuronichthys ritteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,ritteri,,,,,"Starks & Morris, 1907", 183348,Xenichthys rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Xenichthys,rupestris,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183349,Selene orstedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selene,orstedii,,,,,Lütken 1880, 183352,Cathorops taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,taylori,,,,,"(Hildebrand, 1925)",This nomenclature may represent a species complex including available names such as Cathorops liropus. 183355,Ophidion scrippsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,scrippsae,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1916)", 183357,Colpichthys regis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Colpichthys,regis,,,,," (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 183359,Tomicodon absitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,absitus,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 183360,Labrisomus jenkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,jenkinsi,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 183361,Diplectrum sciurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,sciurus,,,,,Gilbert 1892, 183362,Cyclopsetta querna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Cyclopsetta,querna,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183363,Lythrypnus dalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,dalli,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183365,Pontinus sierra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,sierra,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183366,Malacoctenus zonifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,zonifer,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)","Springer (1958) recognized two subspecies: Malacoctenus zonifer zonifer from Mexico, and M. zonifer sudensis from Nicaragua to Ecuador." 183367,Hypsypops rubicundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Hypsypops,rubicundus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 183368,Bollmannia pawneea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,pawneea,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939",This genus is in need of revision. This species is likely a synonym of Bollmannia ocellata (Bedenbaugh 1988). 183369,Chriolepis minutillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,minutillus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1892", 18337,Progomphus risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,risi,,,,,"Williamson, 1920", 183370,Astroscopus zephyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Astroscopus,zephyreus,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1897", 183371,Starksia posthon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,posthon,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 183372,Quassiremus evionthas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Quassiremus,evionthas,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183373,Hypsoblennius proteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,proteus,,,,,"(Krejsa, 1960)", 183374,Hippoglossina bollmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Hippoglossina,bollmani,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183375,Echidna nocturna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Echidna,nocturna,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)", 183377,Lepophidium negropinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,negropinna,,,,,"Hildebrand & Barton, 1949", 183378,Halichoeres chierchiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,chierchiae,,,,,"Di Caporiacco, 1948", 183381,Opistognathus rhomaleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,rhomaleus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183384,Paraconger similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Paraconger,similis,,,,,"(Wade, 1946)", 183385,Ophichthus longipenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,longipenis,,,,,"McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1998", 183391,Gymnothorax eurygnathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,eurygnathos,,,,,"Böhlke, 2001", 183392,Phaenomonas pinnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Phaenomonas,pinnata,,,,,"Myers & Wade, 1941", 183393,Gillellus chathamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,chathamensis,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 183394,Ariopsis guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Ariopsis,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Most recently, Sciades has been used as the genus for this species (Marceniuk and Menezes 2007)." 183395,Xenocys jessiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Xenocys,jessiae,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Xenocys jessiae to Brachygenys jessiae. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 31May2022" 183396,Heteristius cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Heteristius,cinctus,,,,,"(Osburn & Nichols, 1916)", 183398,Diplectrum eumelum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,eumelum,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1974", 183399,Dactyloscopus metoecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,metoecus,,,,,"Dawson, 1975", 183400,Acanthemblemaria balanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,balanorum,,,,,"Brock, 1940", 183401,Gobiesox milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,milleri,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 183402,Ophidion imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,imitator,,,,,"Lea, 1997", 183403,Apogon pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,pacificus,,,,,(Herre 1935), 183404,Galeichthys peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Galeichthys,peruvianus,,,,,"Lütken, 1874","This species has been incorrectly reported as far north as Mexico (e.g. Nelson et al. 2004, ASIH fish names)." 183405,Opistognathus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,walkeri,,,,,"Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003", 183406,Batrachoides walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,walkeri,,,,,"Collette & Russo, 1981", 183407,Eleotrica cableae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eleotrica,cableae,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933", 183408,Enneanectes reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,reticulatus,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1991", 183410,Bellator loxias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,loxias,,,,,"(Jordan, 1897)", 183411,Merluccius productus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,productus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1855)", 183412,Haemulon maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,maculicauda,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 183415,Gobiosoma aceras,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,aceras,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)", 183417,Lythrypnus rhizophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,rhizophora,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)",Lythrypnus pulchellus was separated from L. rhizophora based on island vs coastal distribution by Bussing (1990). However unpublished current molecular data indicates that they may be the same species. 183418,Arcos rhodospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Arcos,rhodospilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183419,Apogon retrosella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,retrosella,,,,,(Gill 1862), 18342,Pronesopupa acanthinula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,acanthinula,,,,,"Ancey, 1892", 183420,Malacoctenus ebisui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,ebisui,,,,,"Springer, 1959", 183421,Coryphopterus urospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,urospilus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1938", 183422,Prionotus teaguei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,teaguei,,,,,"Briggs, 1956", 183423,Serranus psittacinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,psittacinus,,,,,Valenciennes 1846, 183424,Notarius armbrusteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,armbrusteri,,,,,"Betancur-R. & Acero P., 2006", 183425,Hypsoblennius brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,brevipinnis,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 183426,Zalieutes elater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Zalieutes,elater,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183427,Lepidonectes bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Lepidonectes,bimaculatus,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1992", 183428,Etropus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,peruvianus,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183429,Oligoplites refulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Oligoplites,refulgens,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 18343,Pronesopupa boettgeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,boettgeri,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183430,Neobythites stelliferoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,stelliferoides,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183431,Stegastes acapulcoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,acapulcoensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)", 183433,Halichoeres salmofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,salmofasciatus,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 2002",This species is possibly conspecific with Halichoeres malpelo from Malpelo Island. Genetic studies should be undertaken. 183434,Anisotremus caesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,caesius,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183435,Aboma etheostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Aboma,etheostoma,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1895",Aboma is the more commonly recognized genus. 183436,Gnathophis cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,cinctus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 183438,Mugil setosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,setosus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1892", 18344,Pronesopupa frondicella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,frondicella,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183440,Eugerres brevimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,brevimanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183441,Chriolepis tagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,tagus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1953",Collection and examination of additional specimens is needed to determine the taxonomic standing of this species (Tornabene et al. 2016). 183442,Opistognathus brochus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,brochus,,,,,"Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003", 183443,Myripristis leiognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,leiognathus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 183446,Tomicodon boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,boehlkei,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 183447,Gymnothorax verrilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,verrilli,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)", 183448,Gobiesox daedaleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,daedaleus,,,,,"Briggs, 1951", 183449,Prionotus ruscarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,ruscarius,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 18345,Pronesopupa hystricella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,hystricella,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183450,Enchelycore octaviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,octaviana,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1941)", 183451,Bollmannia marginalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,marginalis,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939",This genus is in need of revision. 183452,Chromis limbaughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,limbaughi,,,,,"Greenfield & Woods, 1980", 183454,Gobiosoma chiquita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,chiquita,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 183455,Atherinella nesiotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,nesiotes,,,,,(Myers & Wade 1942), 183456,Opistognathus galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,galapagensis,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1991", 183457,Colpichthys hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Colpichthys,hubbsi,,,,,"Crabtree, 1989", 183458,Elacatinus digueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,digueti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)", 183459,Microgobius cyclolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,cyclolepis,,,,,Gilbert 1890, 18346,Pronesopupa incerta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,incerta,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183460,Abudefduf declivifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,declivifrons,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)","This species has been considered a synonym of Abudefduf concolor, but a recent molecular study by Lessios et al. (1995) confirmed that it is a separate species. It is closely related to A. concolor and is easily confused in the field during visual surveys. The distributions of the two species overlap between El Salvador and Costa Rica, and a combination of morphological and genetic comparisons throughout the ranges of both species are needed to establish the full range of each." 183462,Stegastes beebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,beebei,,,,,"(Nichols, 1924)", 183463,Bollmannia gomezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,gomezi,,,,,"Acero P., 1981",This genus is in need of revision. This species is likely a synonym of Bollmannia ocellata (Bedenbaugh 1988). 183464,Anchoa lucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,lucida,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183465,Hermosilla azurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Hermosilla,azurea,,,,,"Jenkins & Evermann, 1889", 183469,Starksia cremnobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,cremnobates,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 18347,Pronesopupa lymaniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,lymaniana,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183472,Microspathodon bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Microspathodon,bairdii,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 183473,Thalassoma virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,virens,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890","This species is closely related to ,i>Thalassoma purpureum in the Indo-Pacific region (Bernardi et al. 2004)." 183474,Dactyloscopus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,minutus,,,,,"Dawson, 1975", 183475,Ctenogobius sagittula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,sagittula,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 183476,Serranus stilbostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,stilbostigma,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183477,Gymnothorax castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,castaneus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)", 183479,Protemblemaria bicirrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Protemblemaria,bicirrus,,,,,"(Hildebrand, 1946)",Sometimes incorrectly amended as Protemblemaria bicirris. 18348,Pronesopupa molokaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,molokaiensis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183480,Dactyloscopus fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Reid, 1935)", 183481,Opistognathus smithvanizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,smithvanizi,,,,,"Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003", 183482,Dactyloscopus lacteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,lacteus,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1946)", 183483,Abudefduf concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,concolor,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)","This species has been considered a synonym of Abudefduf declivifrons, but a recent molecular study by Lessios et al. (1995) confirmed that it is a separate species. It is closely related to A. declivifrons and is easily confused in the field during visual surveys. The distributions of the two species overlap between El Salvador and Costa Rica, and a combination of morphological and genetic comparisons throughout the ranges of both species are needed to establish the full range of each." 183484,Cathorops steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,steindachneri,,,,,"(Gilbert & Starks, 1904)","This species has been previously considered as a synonym of Cathorops taylori, but is now recognized as a distinct species (Betancur et al. 2007)." 183485,Ariosoma gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,gilberti,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1898)", 183486,Malacoctenus margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,margaritae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)","Springer (1958) recognized two subspecies: Malacoctenus margaritae mexicanus from the Gulf of California, and M. margaritae margaritae from the remainder of its range." 183487,Haemulon scudderii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,scudderii,,,,,"Gill, 1862",Original orthography is scudderii. 183488,Opistognathus panamaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,panamaensis,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1991", 183489,Anisotremus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,interruptus,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 18349,Pronesopupa orycta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,orycta,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183490,Gobiosoma paradoxum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,paradoxum,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 183491,Scorpaena mystes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,mystes,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1895",Separate species for Scorpaena mystes and S. plumieri is more commonly accepted. 183492,Chriolepis zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,zebra,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1938", 183493,Tomicodon bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,bidens,,,,,"Briggs, 1969", 183494,Porichthys ephippiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,ephippiatus,,,,,"Walker & Rosenblatt, 1988", 183495,Notarius planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,planiceps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)","This species is also known as Notarius osculus by some authors, but Arius osculus is the nomen dubium (Betancur and Acero 2004). Other generic names used for this species are Ariopsis and Aspistor." 183496,Cathorops hypophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,hypophthalmus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)", 183497,Dactylagnus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactylagnus,parvus,,,,,"Dawson, 1976", 183498,Ichthyapus selachops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ichthyapus,selachops,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183499,Occidentarius platypogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Occidentarius,platypogon,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Sciades has also been used recently as the genus for this species. 18350,Pronesopupa sericata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pronesopupa,sericata,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 183500,Chaenopsis deltarrhis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,deltarrhis,,,,,"Böhlke, 1957", 183502,Ophichthus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,frontalis,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 183503,Paraclinus monophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,monophthalmus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 183504,Arcos erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Arcos,erythrops,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183505,Acanthemblemaria crockeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,crockeri,,,,,"Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938",The form in the extreme southern tip of Baja is genetically distinct from the remainder of the forms within its range (Lin et al. 2009). 183506,Porichthys analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,analis,,,,,"Hubbs & Schultz, 1939", 183507,Haemulopsis axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulopsis,axillaris,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1869)", 183508,Synodus evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,evermanni,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183509,Chiloconger dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Chiloconger,dentatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 183511,Letharchus rosenblatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Letharchus,rosenblatti,,,,,"McCosker, 1974", 183513,Paraclinus fehlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,fehlmanni,,,,,"Springer & Trist, 1969", 183514,Pleuronichthys guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,guttulatus,,,,,"Girard, 1856","Pleuronichthys guttulatus was described by Girard (1856). This species was later placed in the genus Hypsopsetta by Gill (1863). Based on a cladistic analysis of morphological features, Cooper and Chapleau (1998) recognized Pleuronichthys as the appropriate genus for this species. This arrangement was confirmed in the molecular work of Vinnikov et al. (2018). Although some authors as recent as Kells et al. (2016) have continued to recognize Hypsopsetta as the appropriate genus, this species is treated herein as Pleuronichthys guttulatus following Cooper and Chapleau (1998)." 183515,Pseudupeneus grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Pseudupeneus,grandisquamis,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)", 183517,Elacatinus puncticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,puncticulatus,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1938)", 183518,Gobiesox stenocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,stenocephalus,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 183519,Halichoeres malpelo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,malpelo,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1992",Possibly conspecific with Halichoeres salmofasciatus from Cocos Island. Genetic studies are needed. 183520,Stromateus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STROMATEIDAE,Stromateus,stellatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 183521,Dactyloscopus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,pectoralis,,,,,"Gill, 1861","Dawson (1975) recognized three subspecies: Dactyloscopus pectoralis pectoralis from the Gulf of California and outer coast of Baja California; D. pectoralis fallax from Sinaloa, Mexico to Ecuador, including Isla del Coco; and D. pectoralis insulatus from Islas Revillagigedos." 183522,Antennatus strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennatus,strigatus,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)", 183524,Cathorops multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,multiradiatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183525,Acanthemblemaria mangognatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,mangognatha,,,,,"Hastings & Robertson, 1999", 183526,Anarchias galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Anarchias,galapagensis,,,,,"(Seale, 1940)", 183527,Merluccius gayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,gayi,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)","Two subspecies are recognized. The Peruvian population (Merluccius gayi peruanus) is distributed off the coast of Peru from Paita (5°S) southward to Huarmey (around 14°), while the Chilean subspecies (M. gayi gayi) occurs off the coast of Chile from Arica (19°S) to the Chiloe Island (around 44°S) (FAO-FIGIS 2001)." 183528,Paralichthys adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,adspersus,,,,,(Steindachner 1867), 183529,Halichoeres aestuaricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,aestuaricola,,,,,"Bussing, 1972", 183530,Stegastes arcifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,arcifrons,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 183531,Lutjanus colorado,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,colorado,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183532,Balistes polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Balistes,polylepis,,,,,Steindachner 1876, 183533,Batrachoides boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,boulengeri,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 183534,Orthopristis forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Orthopristis,forbesi,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1897","There is some confusion about the identity of this species in the Galapagos Islands. More taxonomic research is required to elucidate differences between three Galapagos species of Orthopristis (O. cantharinus, O. forbesi, and O. lethopristis)." 183535,Mccoskerichthys sandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Mccoskerichthys,sandae,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Stephens, 1978", 183539,Bodianus eclancheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,eclancheri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 183540,Gobiosoma seminudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,seminudus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 183541,Dactyloscopus lunaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,lunaticus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183542,Eugerres periche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,periche,,,,,"(Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917)", 183543,Eucinostomus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,gracilis,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)","This species is also known as Eucinostomus californiensis, but E. gracilis is apparently the senior synonym." 183545,Bathygobius andrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,andrei,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)",This genus has undergone recent taxonomic revision in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (Miller and Stefanni 2001). 183546,Callechelys cliffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,cliffi,,,,,"Böhlke & Briggs, 1954", 183548,Cirriemblemaria lucasana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Cirriemblemaria,lucasana,,,,,"(Stephens, 1963)", 183549,Peprilus snyderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STROMATEIDAE,Peprilus,snyderi,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 183550,Bascanichthys bascanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,bascanoides,,,,,"Osburn & Nichols, 1916", 183551,Hypsoblennius maculipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,maculipinna,,,,,(Regan 1903), 183552,Malacoctenus zacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,zacae,,,,,"Springer, 1959", 183553,Lonchopisthus sinuscalifornicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Lonchopisthus,sinuscalifornicus,,,,,"Castro-Aguirre & Villavicencio-Garayzar, 1988", 183554,Heteroconger digueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,digueti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1923)",May include Heteroconger canabus in its synonomy. 183555,Malacoctenus tetranemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,tetranemus,,,,,"(Cope, 1877)","Springer (1959) recognized the populations from Baja California / the Gulf and the remainder of the range as a separate subspecies, Malacoctenus tetranemus multipunctatus and M. tetranemus tetranemus respectively." 183556,Melanorhinus cyanellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Melanorhinus,cyanellus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)", 183557,Rhynchoconger nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Rhynchoconger,nitens,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183558,Pherallodiscus funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Pherallodiscus,funebris,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183560,Parrella fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parrella,fusca,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939",This species is known only from the type material (Ginsgurg 1935). 183563,Arcos poecilophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Arcos,poecilophthalmus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name to Arcos poecilophthalmos. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 8June2022" 183564,Brockius striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Brockius,striatus,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1953)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus striatus to the genus Brockius. 183566,Bregmaceros bathymaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,BREGMACEROTIDAE,Bregmaceros,bathymaster,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183567,Stegastes redemptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,redemptus,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 183568,Atherinella starksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,starksi,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)", 183570,Ilypnus gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ilypnus,gilberti,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)", 183571,Ophidion galeoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,galeoides,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183572,Dialommus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Dialommus,fuscus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1891", 183573,Elacatinus janssi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,janssi,,,,,"Bussing, 1981", 183574,Achirus scutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Achirus,scutum,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 183575,Cheilopogon dorsomacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,dorsomacula,,,,,(Fowler 1944), 183576,Paralabrax maculatofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,maculatofasciatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1868)", 183579,Caranx caballus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,caballus,,,,,"Günther, 1868",This species is also more commonly known as Caranx caballus. This species is probably a junior synonym of Caranx crysos. 183582,Halichoeres discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,discolor,,,,,"Bussing, 1983", 183583,Acanthemblemaria atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,atrata,,,,,"Hastings & Robertson, 1999", 183584,Lepophidium prorates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,prorates,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183585,Tomicodon chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,chilensis,,,,,"Brisout de Barneville, 1846", 183586,Stegastes rectifraenum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,rectifraenum,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 183587,Sphoeroides rosenblatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,rosenblatti,,,,,Bussing 1996, 183589,Elacatinus limbaughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,limbaughi,,,,,"Hoese & Reader, 2001", 183590,Diplectrum macropoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,macropoma,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183593,Porichthys margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,margaritatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)", 183594,Gobionellus daguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobionellus,daguae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)", 183596,Lutjanus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,viridis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 183597,Gymnothorax phalarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,phalarus,,,,,"Bussing, 1998","Gymnothorax equatorialis is similar, but has three pores below the eye, a narrower tail, and the spots at the rear of the tail are elongate and much larger than the eye." 183598,Chilara taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Chilara,taylori,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 183599,Tomicodon petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,petersii,,,,,"(Garman, 1875)", 183600,Tomicodon eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,eos,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183603,Gobiesox pinniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,pinniger,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183605,Ekemblemaria myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Ekemblemaria,myersi,,,,,"Stephens, 1963", 183607,Sphoeroides lispus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,lispus,,,,,Walker 1996, 183608,Serranus tico,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,tico,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1998", 183609,Notarius insculptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,insculptus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)",This species has been redescribed by Betancur and Acero (2004). 183610,Microlepidotus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Microlepidotus,inornatus,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 183611,Hypsoblennius gentilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,gentilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)","Specimens from central Mexico have been assigned to this species, but require confirmation and are not included here." 183612,Axoclinus rubinoffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Axoclinus,rubinoffi,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1992", 183613,Ogilbia nigromarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,nigromarginata,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005",Newly discovered species in 2005. 183614,Scorpaena afuerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,afuerae,,,,,Hildebrand 1946, 183615,Myxodagnus opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Myxodagnus,opercularis,,,,,"Gill, 1861",There are two described subspecies: Myxodagnus opercularis walkeri from the Tres Marias Islands and Costa Rica; and M. opercularis opercularis form from the Gulf of California and Islas Revillagigedos (Dawson 1976). 183616,Serranus huascarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,huascarii,,,,,Steindachner 1900, 183617,Haemulon sexfasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,sexfasciatum,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 183618,Medialuna californiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Medialuna,californiensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183619,Anchoa curta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,curta,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183620,Anisotremus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,taeniatus,,,,,"Gill, 1861", 183621,Rypticus courtenayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,courtenayi,,,,,McCarthy 1979, 183622,Synodus sechurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,sechurae,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183623,Sphoeroides trichocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,trichocephalus,,,,,(Cope 1870), 183624,Bodianus diplotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,diplotaenia,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 183625,Halichoeres insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,insularis,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1992", 183626,Stathmonotus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Stathmonotus,lugubris,,,,,"Böhlke, 1953", 183627,Evermannia zosterura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannia,zosterura,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183628,Emblemaria piratica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,piratica,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1942", 183629,Acanthemblemaria exilispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,exilispinus,,,,,"Stephens, 1963", 183630,Paraclinus stephensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,stephensi,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Parr, 1969", 183631,Paralichthys woolmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,woolmani,,,,,"Jordan & Williams, 1897", 183634,Otophidium indefatigabile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Otophidium,indefatigabile,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183636,Selene brevoortii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selene,brevoortii,,,,,(Gill 1863), 183637,Tylosurus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Tylosurus,pacificus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183638,Dactylagnus mundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactylagnus,mundus,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 183640,Apogon dovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,dovii,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 183641,Pherallodiscus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Pherallodiscus,varius,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 183642,Prionotus stephanophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,stephanophrys,,,,,"Lockington, 1881", 183643,Muraena clepsydra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,clepsydra,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 183644,Cryptotrema seftoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Cryptotrema,seftoni,,,,,"Hubbs, 1954", 183645,Cyclopsetta panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Cyclopsetta,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183647,Ogilbia cocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,cocoensis,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 183649,Bathygobius ramosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,ramosus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1947","According to Miller and Steffani (2001) there are two subspecies - Bathygobius r. longipinnis from the Revillagigedos and Tres Marias Islands, and Bathygobius r. ramosus from the remainder of the range." 183650,Ptereleotris carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,carinata,,,,,"Bussing, 2001", 183651,Haemulon flaviguttatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,flaviguttatum,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 183652,Sphoeroides annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,annulatus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 183653,Chromis atrilobata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,atrilobata,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 183654,Paraclinus tanygnathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,tanygnathus,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Parr, 1969", 183655,Malacoctenus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,hubbsi,,,,,"Springer, 1959","There are two described subspecies: Malacoctenus hubbsi hubbsi occurs in the Gulf, and M. h. polysporosus occurs in central and southern Mexico." 183659,Cratinus agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Cratinus,agassizii,,,,,Steindachner 1878, 18366,Proserpinus proserpina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,SPHINGIDAE,Proserpinus,proserpina,,,,,"(Pallas, 1772)", 183660,Antennatus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennatus,sanguineus,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)", 183661,Notarius kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,kessleri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Taxonomic studies are needed to confirm this as a single species. 183662,Opisthonema libertate,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Opisthonema,libertate,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 183663,Trinectes opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,opercularis,,,,,"(Nichols & Murphy, 1944)", 183664,Muraena argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,argus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)", 183665,Pleuronichthys ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,ocellatus,,,,,"Starks & Thompson, 1910", 183666,Ophichthus remiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,remiger,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 183667,Polydactylus approximans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,approximans,,,,,"(Lay & Bennett, 1839)", 183668,Gymneleotris seminudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymneleotris,seminudus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Gymneleotris is feminine and should be 'a', not 'us' ending." 183671,Prionotus horrens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,horrens,,,,,"Richardson, 1844", 183672,Bollmannia ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,ocellata,,,,,"Gilbert, 1892",This genus is in need of revision. 183673,Elacatinus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,inornatus,,,,,"Bussing, 1990",This species was synonomised with Elacatinus digueti by Hoese and Reade. According to Van Tassell (pers. comm.) this was in error and both are valid species. 183675,Eucinostomus currani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,currani,,,,,"Zahuranec, 1980", 183676,Emblemaria nivipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,nivipes,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1883", 183677,Rypticus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,bicolor,,,,,Valenciennes 1846,Closely related to Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch and Schneider) from the western Atlantic. 183678,Ophichthus zophochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,zophochir,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183679,Enneanectes carminalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,carminalis,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183680,Genyatremus dovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Genyatremus,dovii,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183681,Chriolepis semisquamatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,semisquamatum,,,,,"(Rutter, 1904)", 183684,Trachinotus paitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,paitensis,,,,,Cuvier 1832, 183685,Seriola peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,peruana,,,,,"Steindachner, 1881", 183688,Hemicaranx zelotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Hemicaranx,zelotes,,,,,Gilbert 1898, 183689,Monolene dubiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,dubiosa,,,,,Garman 1899,"Some authors (Hensley 1995, Evseenko 1999, Robertson et al. 2017) consider this species to be a possible senior subjective synonym of M. asaedae. Other authors consider M. asaedae to be valid (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1992, Bussing and López 1994, De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997, Evseenko 1998, Amaoka and Imamura 2000, Nelson et al. 2004, Page et al. 2013). The most recent evidence (Robertson et al. 2017), based on both morphology and molecular evidence, indicate that M. asaedae is a junior synonym of M. dubiosa. {Ask RLU to merge M. asaedae into this account}" 183690,Xenichthys agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Xenichthys,agassizii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1876", 183691,Xenichthys xanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Xenichthys,xanti,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 183692,Ophichthus triserialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,triserialis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 183693,Sufflamen verres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Sufflamen,verres,,,,,"(Gilbert & Starks, 1904)", 183694,Platygillellus bussingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Platygillellus,bussingi,,,,,"Dawson, 1974", 183695,Notarius biffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,biffi,,,,,"Betancur-R. & Acero P., 2004", 183696,Pleuronichthys verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,verticalis,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1880", 183697,Sargocentron suborbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,suborbitalis,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)", 183698,Notarius lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,lentiginosus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)", 183699,Emblemaria hypacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,hypacanthus,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 183700,Scorpaena russula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,russula,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183701,Paraclinus sini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,sini,,,,,"Hubbs, 1952", 183702,Orthopristis lethopristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Orthopristis,lethopristis,,,,,"Jordan & Fesler, 1889","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Orthopristis lethopristis to Microlepidotus lethopristis. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 31May2022

There is some confusion about the identity of this species in the Galapagos Islands. More taxonomic research is required to elucidate differences between three Galapagos species of Orthopristis (O. cantharinus, O. forbesi, and O. lethopristis)." 183704,Synodus scituliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,scituliceps,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183705,Platygillellus altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Platygillellus,altivelis,,,,,"Dawson, 1974", 183706,Callechelys eristigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,eristigma,,,,,"McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1972", 183707,Echiodon exsilium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,exsilium,,,,,"Rosenblatt, 1961", 183708,Evermannia panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannia,panamensis,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 183710,Pomadasys empherus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,empherus,,,,,"Bussing, 1993", 183711,Paraletharchus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Paraletharchus,pacificus,,,,,"(Osburn & Nichols, 1916)",Letharcus opercularis and Letharcus pacificus constitute the new genus Paraletharcus (McCosker 1974). 183712,Paralabrax auroguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,auroguttatus,,,,,Walford 1936, 183713,Xenomugil thoburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Xenomugil,thoburni,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1896)", 183714,Orthopristis chalceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Orthopristis,chalceus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183715,Scorpaena guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,guttata,,,,,Girard 1854, 183717,Gillellus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,ornatus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1892", 183718,Physiculus nematopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,nematopus,,,,,Gilbert 1890, 183719,Trachinotus kennedyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,kennedyi,,,,,Steindachner 1876, 183722,Gillichthys seta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gillichthys,seta,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1938)", 183723,Quietula guaymasiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Quietula,guaymasiae,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 183724,Porichthys notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,notatus,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 183725,Scartichthys variolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartichthys,variolatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 183727,Xenomedea rhodopyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Xenomedea,rhodopyga,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 183728,Malacoctenus costaricanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,costaricanus,,,,,"Springer, 1959", 183729,Trachurus symmetricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,symmetricus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1855)",Trachurus murphyi which occurs in the southern part of this region is the sister species of T. symmetricus. 183730,Starksia spinipenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,spinipenis,,,,,"(Al-Uthman, 1960)", 183731,Halichoeres melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,melanotis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183732,Protemblemaria perla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Protemblemaria,perla,,,,,"Hastings, 2001", 183733,Atherinella nepenthe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,nepenthe,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1942)", 183734,Aphos porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Aphos,porosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 183735,Cathorops tuyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,tuyra,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)", 183736,Anisotremus davidsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,davidsonii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183737,Fowlerichthys avalonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Fowlerichthys,avalonis,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1907)",More information should be obtained from Pietch and Grobecker (1987). 183741,Dialommus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Dialommus,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)",This species is also known as Mnierpes macrocephalus. 183745,Ogilbia deroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,deroyi,,,,,"(Poll & van Mol, 1966)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Bythitidae to Dinematichthyidae. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 31May2022 

This species is closely related to Ogilbia galapagoensis and further taxonomic work is needed to clarify the differences. It also resembles O. cocoensis from Isla del Coco (Møller et al. 2005)." 183746,Paralabrax humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,humeralis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 183747,Stegastes flavilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,flavilatus,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 183748,Gobiosoma homochroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,homochroma,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1939)", 183749,Myripristis gildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,gildi,,,,,"Greenfield, 1965","This species is at the single location where it is known. It is intermediate in character between two abundant species (Myripristis benrndti and M. clarionensis) at the same location, therefore it may possibly be a hybrid." 183751,Bellator gymnostethus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,gymnostethus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 183752,Fodiator rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Fodiator,rostratus,,,,,(Günther 1866),This species was previously considered to be a subspecies of the Atlantic species Fodiator acutus (Parin and Belyanina 2002). 183753,Leuropharus lasiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Leuropharus,lasiops,,,,,"Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970", 183754,Xyrichtys mundiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,mundiceps,,,,,"Gill, 1862",Xyrichtys perlas is a synonym of this species. 183755,Strongylura scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,scapularis,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183756,Apogon guadalupensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,guadalupensis,,,,,"(Osburn & Nichols, 1916)", 183758,Brotula ordwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotula,ordwayi,,,,,"Hildebrand & Barton, 1949", 183759,Neoconger vermiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MORINGUIDAE,Neoconger,vermiformis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183760,Porichthys greenei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,greenei,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 183762,Bollmannia longpinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,longpinnus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939",This genus is in need of revision. This species is likely a synonym of Bollmannia ocellata (Bedenbaugh 1988). 183763,Lutjanus aratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,aratus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183764,Exerpes asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Exerpes,asper,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 183765,Bagre panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Bagre,panamensis,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)", 183766,Hypsoblennius sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,sordidus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1828)", 183767,Hemiramphus saltator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hemiramphus,saltator,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904", 183768,Pontinus strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,strigatus,,,,,"Heller & Snodgrass, 1903", 183769,Paralabrax albomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,albomaculatus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)", 18377,Proteus anguinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PROTEIDAE,Proteus,anguinus,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768","The currently accepted taxonomy recognizes two subspecies: the whitish, depigmented and blind Proteus anguinus anguinus (“white proteus”), and the dark-colored, eyed P. a. parkelj (“black proteus”). The white proteus is distributed throughout the entire range of the species, the black proteus is only known from a few sites in the region of Bela Krajina in south-eastern Slovenia. Recent molecular studies revealed that the species is deeply subdivided into 9 lineages supported by both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites (Gorički and Trontelj 2006, Trontelj et al. 2009, Trontelj and Zakšek 2016, Vörös et al. 2019). The black proteus constitutes one of those lineages. Their ranges are mostly allopatric, although they are touching or even overlapping in some areas (Gorički et al. 2017). 

The assessment of the exact taxonomic and conservation status of the Proteus lineages is the subject of ongoing research (Bizjak Mali and Sket 2019), but they should be treated as evolutionary significant units, to ensure the survival of diversity in this threatened species." 183770,Cerdale ionthas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Cerdale,ionthas,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183771,Halichoeres adustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,adustus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183772,Membras gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Membras,gilberti,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183773,Ogilbia boydwalkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,boydwalkeri,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005",Newly discovered species in 2005. 183774,Azurina hirundo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Azurina,hirundo,,,,,"Jordan & McGregor, 1898", 183776,Hirundichthys rondeletii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Hirundichthys,rondeletii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","The H. rondeletii superspecies complex of the subgenus Danichthys is now recognized as containing four allopatric species: H. volador (western Atlantic), H. rondeletii (Mediterranean), H. gilberti (northern Pacific), and H. rufipinnis (Southern Hemisphere). The other two species, Hirundichthys marginatus (eastern tropical Pacific) and H. albimaculatus(west & central Pacific) are both distinct species in the subgenus, but are not part of the rondeletii superspecies complex (Parin and Belyanina 2002, B. Collette pers. comm. 2014)." 183777,Lutjanus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,guttatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1869)", 183779,Porichthys mimeticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,mimeticus,,,,,"Walker & Rosenblatt, 1988", 18378,Protocobitis typhlops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Protocobitis,typhlops,,,,,"Yang, Chen & Lan, 1993", 183780,Lutjanus jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,jordani,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1898)", 183781,Hypsoblennius gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,gilberti,,,,,"(Jordan, 1882)", 183782,Lythrypnus gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,gilberti,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 183783,Quassiremus nothochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Quassiremus,nothochir,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183785,Chriolepis dialepta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,dialepta,,,,,"Bussing, 1990",This species is also known as Chriolepis walkerii (Findley 1983). 183786,Hemanthias peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Hemanthias,peruanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)", 183788,Paraclinus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,mexicanus,,,,,(Gilbert 1904), 183789,Nexilosus latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Nexilosus,latifrons,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1846)", 18379,Protomognathus americanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Protomognathus,americanus,,,,,"(Emery, 1895)", 183790,Lepophidium stigmatistium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,stigmatistium,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 183791,Pontinus vaughani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,vaughani,,,,,"Barnhart & Hubbs, 1946", 183792,Akko brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Akko,brevis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",A review of the genus is given in Van Tassell and Baldwin (2004). 183793,Chromis intercrusma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,intercrusma,,,,,"Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917", 183794,Platygillellus rubellulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Platygillellus,rubellulus,,,,,"(Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912)", 183795,Pomadasys branickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,branickii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 183797,Citharichthys gordae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,gordae,,,,,"Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938","According to van der Heiden et al. (2009), two very similar species, Citharichthys fragilis Gilbert, 1890, and C. gordae Beebe and Tee-Van, 1938, were originally described from the Gulf of California. The original description of C. fragilis was limited and no illustration was provided. Mussot-Pérez and van der Heiden (1985) recognized C. gordae as a valid species and extended its geographic range based on additional specimens; however, Castro-Aguirre et al. (1992) did not agree with this decision and treated C. gordae as a junior synonym of C. fragilis. van der Heiden et al. (2009) conducted a detailed study wherein they demonstrated that both species are valid. This decision is followed herein." 183798,Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hemilutjanus,macrophthalmos,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1846)", 183799,Merluccius angustimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,angustimanus,,,,,"Garman, 1899","Merluccius hernandezi can be a distinct species from ,i>M. angustimanus (Nelson et al. 2004) However, Lloris D., J. Matallanas and P. Oliver (2003) consider both species as the same. Further taxonomic research is needed." 18380,Protoploea apatela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Protoploea,apatela,,,,,"(Joicey & Talbot, 1925)", 183800,Akko rossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Akko,rossi,,,,,"Van Tassell & Baldwin, 2004", 183801,Paralichthys californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,californicus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1859)", 183802,Arcos decoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Arcos,decoris,,,,,"Briggs, 1969", 183804,Starksia fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,fulva,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 183805,Girella freminvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Girella,freminvillei,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Kyphosidae to Girellidae and change the species name from Girella freminvillei to Girella freminvillii. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 31May2022" 183807,Pseudomyrophis micropinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pseudomyrophis,micropinna,,,,,"Wade, 1946","This species can be confused with an undescribed congener known from Baja California, Costa Rica and Panama." 183808,Carangoides otrynter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,otrynter,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)",Also listed as Caranx otrynter. 183809,Diplectrum rostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,rostrum,,,,,Bortone 1974, 183811,Anchoa mundeola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,mundeola,,,,,"(Gilbert & Pierson, 1898)",This species is commonly misidentified as Anchoa panamensis (which occurs only in Panama Bay); thus most records of Anchoa panamensis north of Panama Bay refer to Anchoa mundeola (Palacios and Phillips 1984). 183814,Hemicaranx leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Hemicaranx,leucurus,,,,,(Günther 1864), 183815,Ogilbia davidsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,davidsmithi,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005",Species described in 2005. 183816,Bollmannia umbrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,umbrosa,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939",This genus is in need of revision. 183817,Halichoeres semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,semicinctus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1859)", 183818,Ariopsis seemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Ariopsis,seemanni,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Most recently, Sciades has been used as the genus for this species (Marceniuk and Menezes 2007). Further research is needed to confirm that this represents a single species." 183819,Tomicodon myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,myersi,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 18382,Prototrachia sedula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Prototrachia,sedula,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 183820,Prionotus miles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,miles,,,,,"Jenyns, 1840", 183821,Ogcocephalus darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,darwini,,,,,"Hubbs, 1958", 183822,Halichoeres dispilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,dispilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183824,Opistognathus fossoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,fossoris,,,,,"Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003", 183825,Microspathodon dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Microspathodon,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 183826,Paraletharchus opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Paraletharchus,opercularis,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1941)", 183827,Atherinopsis californiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinopsis,californiensis,,,,,Girard 1854, 183828,Ophichthus mecopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,mecopterus,,,,,"McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1998", 183831,Parrella lucretiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parrella,lucretiae,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)", 183832,Gobulus birdsongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobulus,birdsongi,,,,,"Hoese & Reader, 2001", 183833,Haemulopsis leuciscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulopsis,leuciscus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183834,Citharichthys gnathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,gnathus,,,,,Hoshino & Amaoka 1999,This is a new species that resembles Citharichthys fragilis Gilbert which is distributed in the Gulf of California and adjacent waters (Hoshino and Amaoka 1999). 183835,Eucinostomus entomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eucinostomus,entomelas,,,,,"Zahuranec, 1980", 183836,Scytalichthys miurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Scytalichthys,miurus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183838,Gillellus searcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,searcheri,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 183840,Labrisomus xanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,xanti,,,,,"Gill, 1860", 183841,Acanthemblemaria hancocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,hancocki,,,,,"Myers & Reid, 1936", 183842,Chlopsis bicollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Chlopsis,bicollaris,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1941)", 183844,Batrachoides pacifici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,pacifici,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 183845,Gillellus arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,arenicola,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183846,Gobiesox papillifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,papillifer,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183847,Sciades dowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Sciades,dowii,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)","Although Kailola (2004) treat this species as a synonym of Sciades hymenorrhinos, it is accepted here as Sciades dowii following Betancur-R. et al. (2007)." 183849,Kyphosus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Kyphosus,elegans,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families. Their study recognized 11 species in Kyphosidae, as well as one Neoscorpis, which is considered a distinct genus within Kyphosidae. Thus, there are 12 species total in the family Kyphosidae. 

Kyphosus lutescens and K. pacificus are now treated as synonyms of K. sectatrix. Both K. incisor and K. analogus are now considered synonyms of K. vaigiensis. K. pacificus/sandwicensis is a synonym of K. elegans. Before Knudsen and Clements (2013) it was thought that only two Kyphosids occurred in the Atlantic, but there are in fact four species, K. sectatrix, K. vaigiensis/incisor, K. bigibbus, and K. cinerascens." 183850,Gymnothorax equatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,equatorialis,,,,,"(Hildebrand, 1946)", 183851,Coralliozetus rosenblatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Coralliozetus,rosenblatti,,,,,"Stephens, 1963", 183852,Serranus socorroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,socorroensis,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1992", 183853,Starksia galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,galapagensis,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 183854,Labrisomus multiporosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,multiporosus,,,,,"Hubbs, 1953", 183855,Axoclinus cocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Axoclinus,cocoensis,,,,,"Bussing, 1991", 183857,Daector reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Daector,reticulata,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183858,Paralabrax clathratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,clathratus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 183859,Gymnothorax porphyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,porphyreus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)", 183861,Paralabrax nebulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,nebulifer,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 183865,Ekemblemaria lira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Ekemblemaria,lira,,,,,"Hastings, 1992", 183866,Apterichtus equatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Apterichtus,equatorialis,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1941)", 183867,Dactyloscopus byersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,byersi,,,,,"Dawson, 1969","There are two recognized subspecies: Dactyloscopus byersi heraldi, from Baja California; and D. byersi byersi from the remainder of the range." 183868,Prognichthys sealei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Prognichthys,sealei,,,,,Abe 1955, 183870,Chromis alta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,alta,,,,,"Greenfield & Woods, 1980", 183871,Ctenogobius manglicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,manglicola,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1895)", 183872,Chloroscombrus orqueta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Chloroscombrus,orqueta,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1883", 183873,Acanthemblemaria castroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,castroi,,,,,"Stephens & Hobson, 1966", 183874,Diapterus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Diapterus,peruvianus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 183875,Hypsoblennius jenkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,jenkinsi,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1896)", 183877,Bascanichthys panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,panamensis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1923", 183879,Opistognathus fenmutis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,fenmutis,,,,,"Acero P. & Franke, 1993", 183880,Gobiesox woodsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,woodsi,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 183882,Herpetoichthys fossatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Herpetoichthys,fossatus,,,,,"(Myers & Wade, 1941)", 183883,Ethadophis byrnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ethadophis,byrnei,,,,,"Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970", 183884,Callechelys galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Callechelys,galapagensis,,,,,"McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1972", 183886,Entomacrodus chiostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,chiostictus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183887,Ophichthus apachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,apachus,,,,,"McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1998", 183888,Echiophis brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Echiophis,brunneus,,,,,"(Castro-Aguirre & Suárez de los Cobos, 1983)","It is possible that the southern range of this species may represent a separate, undescribed species." 183889,Lepophidium microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,microlepis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)",This species is divided into three geographically isolated subspecies on the basis of morphological differences: one from central west Baja California and the Gulf of California (Lepophidium microlepis microlepis); one from northern Costa Rica to central Colombia (L. m. hubbsi); and one from southern Ecuador and northern Peru (L. m. inca) (Robins and Lea 1978). There is continued debate as to whether these subspecies should be recognized at the specific level. 183890,Leptenchelys vermiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Leptenchelys,vermiformis,,,,,"Myers & Wade, 1941", 183891,Prognichthys tringa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Prognichthys,tringa,,,,,Breder 1928, 183894,Gobiesox schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,schultzi,,,,,"Briggs, 1951", 183895,Acanthistius pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Acanthistius,pictus,,,,,(Tschudi 1846), 183896,Paraclinus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,walkeri,,,,,"Hubbs, 1952", 183897,Prionotus albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,albirostris,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183898,Diplectrum conceptione,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,conceptione,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 183900,Bollmannia macropoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,macropoma,,,,,"Gilbert, 1892",This genus is in need of revision. 183902,Lythrypnus alphigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,alphigena,,,,,"Bussing, 1990", 183904,Hyporhamphus snyderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,snyderi,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1923", 183905,Myrichthys pantostigmius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrichthys,pantostigmius,,,,,"Jordan & McGregor, 1898", 183907,Parahypsos piersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parahypsos,piersoni,,,,,"(Gilbert & Starks, 1904)", 183908,Ophichthus rugifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,rugifer,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183909,Scartichthys crapulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartichthys,crapulatus,,,,,"Williams, 1990", 18391,Prymnbriareus nimberlinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Prymnbriareus,nimberlinus,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 183912,Pomadasys schyrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,schyrii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1900",This species is considered to be ver similar to Pomadasys macracanthus. 183914,Evermannia erici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannia,erici,,,,,"Bussing, 1983", 183915,Lophogobius cristulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lophogobius,cristulatus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939", 183916,Gobulus hancocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobulus,hancocki,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1938", 183918,Bascanichthys cylindricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Bascanichthys,cylindricus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1923", 183919,Prionotus birostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,birostratus,,,,,"Richardson, 1844", 18392,Psacadonotus insulanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Psacadonotus,insulanus,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 183920,Trinectes xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,xanthurus,,,,,"Walker & Bollinger, 2001",This species was described in 2001. 183921,Muraena lentiginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Muraena,lentiginosa,,,,,"Jenyns, 1842", 183923,Decodon melasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Decodon,melasma,,,,,"Gomon, 1974", 183924,Hypsoblennius robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,robustus,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183925,Sphoeroides angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,angusticeps,,,,,(Jenyns 1842), 183926,Quietula y-cauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Quietula,y-cauda,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 183927,Guavina micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Guavina,micropus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1953", 183929,Mugil hospes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,hospes,,,,,"Jordan & Culver, 1895", 18393,Psacadonotus seriatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Psacadonotus,seriatus,,,,,"Redtenbacher, 1891", 183930,Grammonus diagrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,diagrammus,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 183931,Harengula thrissina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Harengula,thrissina,,,,,(Jordan & Gilbert 1882),This species seems to have two forms or subspecies: Harengula thrissina thrissina from the Gulf of California to Panama and Harengula thrissina peruana from Panama to Peru (Watson and Sandknop 1996). 183936,Ogilbia jewettae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,jewettae,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005",Newly discovered species in 2005. 183937,Orthopristis cantharinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Orthopristis,cantharinus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Orthopristis cantharinus to Orthopristis cantharina. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 31May2022

There is some confusion about the identity of this species in the Galapagos Islands and in the Gulf of California. The type locality is in the Galapagos, but more taxonomic research is required to elucidate differences between three Galapagos species of Orthopristis (O. cantharinus, O. forbesi, and O. lethopristis)." 183938,Rypticus nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,nigripinnis,,,,,Gill 1861, 183939,Notarius cookei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,cookei,,,,,"(Acero P. & Betancur-R., 2002)", 183940,Scorpaena histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,histrio,,,,,Jenyns 1840, 183941,Chaenopsis alepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,alepidota,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)",One form from California has been recognized as a distinct subspecies (Bohlke 1952). 183943,Gobioclinus dendriticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Gobioclinus,dendriticus,,,,,"(Reid, 1935)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus dendriticus to the genus Gobioclinus. 183944,Gorgasia punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,punctata,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1923", 183947,Bollmannia chlamydes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bollmannia,chlamydes,,,,,"Jordan, 1890",This genus is in need of revision. 183948,Lutjanus argentiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,argentiventris,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 183949,Paraclinus ditrichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,ditrichus,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Parr, 1969", 183950,Lythrypnus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,insularis,,,,,"Bussing, 1990", 183951,Hyporhamphus naos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,naos,,,,,"Banford & Collette, 2001",References to this species prior to 2001 are to Hyporhamphus unifasciatus which is a western Atlantic species (Banford and Collette 2001). 183952,Coralliozetus micropes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Coralliozetus,micropes,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938)", 183953,Petrotyx hopkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Petrotyx,hopkinsi,,,,,"Heller & Snodgrass, 1903", 183955,Starksia hoesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,hoesei,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 183956,Haemulopsis nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulopsis,nitidus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1869)", 183957,Atherinops affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinops,affinis,,,,,(Ayres 1860), 183958,Chriolepis cuneata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,cuneata,,,,,"Bussing, 1990", 183959,Labrisomus pomaspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,pomaspilus,,,,,"Springer & Rosenblatt, 1965", 183960,Parrella ginsburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parrella,ginsburgi,,,,,"Wade, 1946", 183962,Pisodonophis daspilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Pisodonophis,daspilotus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 183963,Stegastes leucorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,leucorus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 183964,Monolene asaedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,asaedai,,,,,Clark 1936,"Some authors (Hensley 1995, Evseenko 1999) consider this species to be a possible junior subjective synonym of M. dubiosa; other authors consider this species to be valid using a variety of spellings for the specific epithet (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1992, Bussing and López 1994, De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997, Evseenko 1998, Amaoka and Imamura 2000, Nelson et al. 2004, Page et al. 2013). Most recently, Robertson et al. (2017), based on both morphology and molecular evidence, also consider this nominal species to be a synonym of M. dubiosa." 183965,Trachurus murphyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,murphyi,,,,,"Nichols, 1920","This species, which occurs from California to the Gulf of California, is the sister species of Trachurus symmetricus. This species has smaller scutes (height = 25-44% of eye diameter) on the curved part of the lateral line than T. murphyi. A recent study by Stepien and Rosenblatt (1996) indicates that there is an ongoing genetic connections between these two populations." 183966,Gymnothorax serratidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,serratidens,,,,,"(Hildebrand & Barton, 1949)",A poorly known species whose taxonomy deserves attention. 183967,Lophiodes spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,spilurus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 183968,Acanthemblemaria stephensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,stephensi,,,,,"Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1988", 183969,Argentina sialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ARGENTINIDAE,Argentina,sialis,,,,,Gilbert 1890, 183970,Brotula clarkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotula,clarkae,,,,,"Hubbs, 1944", 183971,Bellator xenisma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,xenisma,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183973,Diapterus aureolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Diapterus,aureolus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183975,Microgobius curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,curtus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1939", 183976,Liopropoma fasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,fasciatum,,,,,Bussing 1980, 183977,Polydactylus opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,opercularis,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)", 183978,Serranus aequidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,aequidens,,,,,Gilbert 1890, 183979,Barbulifer mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Barbulifer,mexicanus,,,,,"Hoese & Larson, 1985", 183980,Plagiotremus azaleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,azaleus,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183982,Argentina aliceae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ARGENTINIDAE,Argentina,aliceae,,,,,"Cohen & Atsaides, 1969", 183983,Microgobius crocatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,crocatus,,,,,"Birdsong, 1968", 183985,Thalassoma grammaticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,grammaticum,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 183987,Evermannia longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evermannia,longipinnis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","This species is only known from the type locality which is strongly suspect due to the lack of habitat favoured by all the rest of it congeners. The type specimen, if still existing, needs to be checked (Museum of Vienna, Austria). The species may be valid but the locality might be wrong." 183988,Citharichthys platophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,platophrys,,,,,"Gilbert, 1891", 183990,Exocoetus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Exocoetus,peruvianus,,,,,(Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000),This species was previously confused with Exocoetus obtusirostris. 183991,Caulolatilus princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,princeps,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)", 183994,Scorpaenodes xyris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,xyris,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183998,Ophidion iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,iris,,,,,"Breder, 1936", 183999,Tomicodon prodomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,prodomus,,,,,"Briggs, 1969", 184001,Labrisomus socorroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,socorroensis,,,,,"Hubbs, 1953", 184002,Lythrypnus solanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,solanensis,,,,,"Acero P., 1981", 184003,Trachinotus stilbe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,stilbe,,,,,"(Jordan & McGregor, 1898)", 184004,Chaenopsis schmitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,schmitti,,,,,"Böhlke, 1957", 184005,Lepophidium pardale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,pardale,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 184006,Kathetostoma averruncus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Kathetostoma,averruncus,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 184007,Atherinella eriarcha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,eriarcha,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 184008,Cheilopogon xenopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,xenopterus,,,,,(Gilbert 1890), 184009,Axoclinus lucillae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Axoclinus,lucillae,,,,,"Fowler, 1944", 18401,Haplochromis acidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,acidens,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 184010,Cypselurus callopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cypselurus,callopterus,,,,,(Günther 1866), 184011,Barbulifer pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Barbulifer,pantherinus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)",A possible morphotype variant that is much larger size occurs at the northern end of Isla Angel de la Guarda. 184012,Gillellus semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,semicinctus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 184013,Parrella maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parrella,maxillaris,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1938", 184014,Coralliozetus boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Coralliozetus,boehlkei,,,,,"Stephens, 1963", 184015,Pontinus clemensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,clemensi,,,,,Fitch 1955, 184016,Girella nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Girella,nigricans,,,,,"(Ayres, 1860)",Genetic studies indicate difference between Gulf of California and coastal Californian populations. 184017,Azurina eupalama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Azurina,eupalama,,,,,"Heller & Snodgrass, 1903", 184018,Sphoeroides kendalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,kendalli,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 184020,Emblemaria walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,walkeri,,,,,"Stephens, 1963", 184021,Haemulopsis elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulopsis,elongatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 184022,Hypsoblennius caulopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,caulopus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1898)", 184023,Conodon serrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Conodon,serrifer,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 184024,Physiculus talarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,talarae,,,,,"Hildebrand & Barton, 1949", 184026,Heteroconger pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,pellegrini,,,,,"Castle, 1999", 184027,Ophichthus melope,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,melope,,,,,"McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1998", 184028,Gobiesox aethus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,aethus,,,,,"(Briggs, 1951)", 184029,Lythrypnus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lythrypnus,zebra,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 18403,Haplochromis cassius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cassius,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 184030,Tomicodon abuelorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Tomicodon,abuelorum,,,,,"Szelistowski, 1990", 184031,Myxodagnus macrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Myxodagnus,macrognathus,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 184034,Sphoeroides sechurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,sechurae,,,,,Hildebrand 1946, 184035,Halichoeres nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,nicholsi,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 184037,Zalembius rosaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Zalembius,rosaceus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)", 184039,Carapus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Carapus,dubius,,,,,"(Putnam, 1874)",Also known as Encheliophis dubius. 184041,Myrichthys tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrichthys,tigrinus,,,,,"Girard, 1859", 184042,Citharichthys fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,fragilis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890","According to van der Heiden et al. (2009), two very similar species, Citharichthys fragilis Gilbert, 1890, and C. gordae Beebe and Tee-Van, 1938, were originally described from the Gulf of California. The original description of C. fragilis was limited and no illustration was provided. Mussot-Pérez and van der Heiden (1985) recognized C. gordae as a valid species and extended its geographic range based on additional specimens; however, Castro-Aguirre et al. (1992) did not agree with this decision and treated C. gordae as a junior synonym of C. fragilis. van der Heiden et al. (2009) conducted a detailed study wherein they demonstrated that both species are valid. This decision is followed herein." 184043,Pseudogramma thaumasium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,thaumasium,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1900)", 184045,Atherinella argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,argentea,,,,,"Chernoff, 1986", 184046,Myrophis vafer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Myrophis,vafer,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1883", 184048,Starksia lepidogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,lepidogaster,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971", 184181,Pseudagrion simonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,simonae,,,,,"Legrand, 1987", 184183,Phyllomacromia hervei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,hervei,,,,,"(Legrand, 1980)",Very similar to rare but earlier described P. aequatorialis: all records of latter should be reassessed. 184184,Tetrathemis longfieldae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,longfieldae,,,,,"Legrand, 1977", 184186,Paragomphus serrulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,serrulatus,,,,,"(Baumann, 1898)","P. bredoi and P. xanthus are synonyms (Dijkstra unpubl.). This species is very similar to P. cognatus (Rambur, 1842)." 184187,Pseudagrion dundoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,dundoense,,,,,"Longfield, 1959", 184189,Rhyothemis splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,splendens,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 184191,Notogomphus spinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,spinosus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)","N. anaci and N. verschuereni, from north-east and west Congo-Kinshasa respectively, are synonyms (Dijkstra unpubl.)." 184192,Neurogomphus uelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,uelensis,,,,,"Schouteden, 1934", 184196,Phyllomacromia paula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,paula,,,,,"(Karsch, 1892)", 184199,Porpax bipunctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Porpax,bipunctus,,,,,"Pinhey, 1966", 184200,Trithemis tropicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,tropicana,,,,,"Fraser, 1953",Often considered a subspecies of T. africana. 184201,Nesciothemis nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesciothemis,nigeriensis,,,,,"Gambles, 1966",L. erythra is synonymous (Parr 1974). 184202,Elattoneura incerta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,incerta,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1962)", 184205,Aethiothemis incongruens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,incongruens,,,,,"(Karsch, 1893)", 184208,Phyllomacromia caneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,caneri,,,,,"(Gauthier, 1987)",Confused with P. sophia by Gambles (1979). 184210,Phyllomacromia insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,insignis,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 184212,Elattoneura josemorai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,josemorai,,,,,"Compte Sart, 1964", 184215,Chlorocypha glauca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,glauca,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)",Subspecies radix of C. glauca was raised to species level by Dijkstra (2003). 184216,Notogomphus maryae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,maryae,,,,,"Vick, 2003", 184220,Porpax sentipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Porpax,sentipes,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2006", 184221,Phyllogomphus coloratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,coloratus,,,,,"Kimmins, 1931", 184222,Pseudagrion epiphonematicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,epiphonematicum,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 184223,Microgomphus camerunensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,camerunensis,,,,,"Longfield, 1951", 184224,Neurogomphus wittei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,wittei,,,,,"Schouteden, 1934", 184225,Elattoneura balli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,balli,,,,,"Kimmins, 1938",Might be confused with Elattoneura lliba (Dijkstra unpubl.). 184228,Pseudagrion simplicilaminatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,simplicilaminatum,,,,,"Carletti & Terzani, 1997", 184229,Orthetrum latihami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,latihami,,,,,"Pinhey, 1966", 184231,Aethiothemis bella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,bella,,,,,"(Fisher, 1939)","Complex taxonomy: considered synonym of A. bequaerti, but that is incorrect (Dijkstra unpubl.), while Sleuthemis diplacoides and Monardithemis leonensis do appear synonymous." 184232,Idomacromia proavita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idomacromia,proavita,,,,,"Karsch, 1896","Subspecies couturieri is based on a single female from Tai Forest in Cote d'Ivoire, and may be just a variation." 184236,Elattoneura pruinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,pruinosa,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 184237,Gomphidia gamblesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,gamblesi,,,,,"Gauthier, 1987", 184238,Atoconeura luxata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Atoconeura,luxata,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2006","Formerly treated as A. biordinata, but pertains to a new species." 184239,Pseudagrion aguessei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,aguessei,,,,,"Pinhey, 1964", 184242,Pseudagrion serrulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,serrulatum,,,,,"Karsch, 1894", 184243,Phyllomacromia bicristulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,bicristulata,,,,,"(Legrand, 1975)", 184245,Neurogomphus alius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,alius,,,,,"Cammaerts, 2004", 184246,Orthetrum africanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,africanum,,,,,"(Selys, 1887)", 184247,Phyllomacromia aeneothorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,aeneothorax,,,,,"(Nunney, 1895)", 184248,Trithemis kalula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,kalula,,,,,"Kirby, 1900", 184249,Phyllomacromia gamblesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,gamblesi,,,,,"(Lindley, 1980)", 184252,Paragomphus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,acuminatus,,,,,"Fraser, 1949", 184255,Elattoneura vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,vittata,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 184258,Hadrothemis vrijdaghi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hadrothemis,vrijdaghi,,,,,"Schouteden, 1934", 184259,Pseudagrion gigas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,gigas,,,,,"Ris, 1936", 184260,Phyllomacromia schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,schoutedeni,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)", 184263,Mesocnemis robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Mesocnemis,robusta,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 184264,Lestinogomphus congoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,congoensis,,,,,"Cammaerts, 1969", 184265,Ictinogomphus fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,fraseri,,,,,"Kimmins, 1958", 184266,Pseudagrion emarginatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,emarginatum,,,,,"Karsch, 1893",See Dijkstra (2003) about synonymy of Pseudagrion coeruleiceps. 184267,Trithemis bredoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,bredoi,,,,,"Fraser, 1953", 184268,Phyllomacromia aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,aequatorialis,,,,,"Martin, 1907",This species is very similar to the more common but more recently described P. hervei: all records should be reassessed. 184271,Allocnemis cyanura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,cyanura,,,,,"(Förster, 1909)",Isomecocnemis is a synonym of Chlorocnemis (Dijkstra unpubl.). 184273,Phyllomacromia maesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,maesi,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1917)", 184274,Allocnemis eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,eisentrauti,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1974)", 184275,Trithemis aenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,aenea,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 184276,Neurogomphus agilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,agilis,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)",Genus has been revised recently (Cammaerts 2004). 184277,Paragomphus maynei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,maynei,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)", 184278,Paragomphus interruptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,interruptus,,,,,"Cammaerts, 1968", 184280,Zygonoides occidentis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonoides,occidentis,,,,,"(Ris, 1912)",The validity of Z. occidentis and its generic placement is demonstrated by Dijkstra et al. (2006). 184285,Neurogomphus paenuelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,paenuelensis,,,,,"Cammaerts, 2004",Possibly con-specific with N. uelensis. 184286,Neurogomphus pallidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,pallidus,,,,,"Cammaerts, 1967", 184287,Neophya rutherfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neophya,rutherfordi,,,,,"Selys, 1881", 184290,Zygonyx atritibiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,atritibiae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1964", 184291,Trithetrum congoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithetrum,congoense,,,,,"(Aguesse, 1966)", 184296,Paragomphus nigroviridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,nigroviridis,,,,,"Cammaerts, 1969","Similar to P. cognatus and P. serrulatus, and the taxonomy is therefore confused." 184303,Phyllomacromia seydeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,seydeli,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)", 184305,Copera rufipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,rufipes,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)","Synonymy is discussed by Dijkstra et al. (2006)." 184311,Notogomphus moorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,moorei,,,,,"Vick, 2003", 184424,Cherax leckii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,leckii,,,,,"Coughran, 2005", 18443,Corrosella anteisensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,anteisensis,,,,,"(Bérenguier, 1882)", 184430,Erethistoides pipri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Erethistoides,pipri,,,,,"Hora, 1950","Hora (1950) described Erethistoides montana pipri from Rihand River at Pipri, Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh in India.  Ng and Edds (2005) upgraded this subspecies to a species." 184431,Mystus carcio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,carcio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","

Darshan et al. (2010) have recently revalidated M. carcio and differentiated it from M. tengara from northern India based on the length of the adipose fin and the cranial fontanels. According to the study, samples from Kolkata in West Bengal and Guwahati in Assam match M. tengara, while M. carcio is found to be sympatric with M. tengara in the above two localities, it is also recorded from Meghna basin in Bangladesh and the Brahmaputra basin in Assam (Darshan et al. 2010).

" 184438,Trochulus piccardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,piccardi,,,,,"Pfenninger & Pfenninger, 2005", 184439,Cobitis jadovaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,jadovaensis,,,,,"Mustafić & Mrakovčić, 2008", 18444,Bythiospeum klemmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,klemmi,,,,,"(Boeters, 1969)","This species  lies within one of the groups of subterranean snails that need researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group. However, given the characteristic shell, this is undoubtedly a valid species." 184440,Knipowitschia mrakovcici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,mrakovcici,,,,,"Miller, 2009","This species is regarded as a synonym of the congener Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga 1841) by some authorities based on a molecular study by Thacker et al. (2018). However, the authors in fact do not explicitly synonymise the two species, therefore they are retained separately here." 184441,Knipowitschia montenegrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,montenegrina,,,,,"Kovačić & Sanda, 2007", 184444,Iberochondrostoma lemmingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Iberochondrostoma,lemmingii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)","Assessments of Iberochondrostoma lemmingii published before 2010 included individuals that are now recognised as belonging to a separate species: Achondrostoma salamantinum Doadrio & Elvira, 2007." 184445,Achondrostoma salmantinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Achondrostoma,salmantinum,,,,,"Doadrio & Elvira, 2007", 184446,Squalius castellanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,castellanus,,,,,"Doadrio, Perea & Alonso, 2007","Previously this species was included within Squalius pyrenaicus (Günther, 1868), but it is now recognised as a separate species (Doadrio et al. 2007)." 184448,Gobio gobio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,gobio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 184449,Gobio volgensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,volgensis,,,,,"Vasil'eva, Mendel, Vasil'ev, Lusk & Lusková, 2008","Gobio volgensis Vasil'eva, Mendel, Vasil'ev, Lusk & Lusková, 2008 previously was included within Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758), but is now recognised as a separate species (see Medel et al. 2008)." 184451,Alburnoides rossicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,rossicus,,,,,"Berg, 1924","Previously Alburnoides rossicus was a subspecies of Alburnoides bipunctatus but it was raised to species level by Coad and Bogutskaya (2009)." 184452,Alburnoides kubanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,kubanicus,,,,,"Bănărescu, 1964",Previously Alburnoides kubanicus was a subspecies of Alburnoides bipunctatus but it was raised to species level by Coad and Bogutskaya (2009). 184453,Alburnoides maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,maculatus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1859)",Alburnoides maculatus was a subspecies of A. bipunctatus but it was raised to species level by Bogutskaya and Coad (2009). 184455,Alburnoides gmelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,gmelini,,,,,Bogutskaya & Coad 2009, 18446,Pseudanodonta complanata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudanodonta,complanata,,,,,"Rossmässler, 1835","As with all European unionids, numerous synonyms occur. Falkner et al. (2002) lists seven morphologically distinct 'sub-species'." 184487,Pseudolaguvia virgulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,virgulata,,,,,"Ng & Lalramliana, 2010","Pseudolaguvia virgulata was described from rivers comprising the Barak River drainage in Mizoram, northeast India (Ng and Lalramliana 2010)." 184488,Melanopsis brevicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,brevicula,,,,,"Pallary, 1918","Applying the methodology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. brevicula has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species characterised by its minute size, flattened sides, low spire and small mouth aperture." 184489,Horatia sp. nov. 'haasei',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Horatia,sp. nov. 'haasei',,,,,,This species is described in the PhD dissertation of Ghamizi (1998) (nomen nudum). Type specimen in Musee de Paris. 184490,Coelatura rotula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,rotula,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927","Graf and Cummings (2006) pulled this species from the synonymy of Coelatura gabonensis without having seen the types of Zairia disciformis Rochebrune, 1886 and Pharaonia bourguignati Rochebrune, 1886 (both unfigured and in the MNHN). Those types have since been examined and found to be synonymous with C. rotula. P. bourguignati is a secondary junior homonym of Unio bourguignati Landrin, 1864, so the proper name for this species, following a complete revision, would be Coelatura disciformis." 184491,Mutela hargeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,hargeri,,,,,"Smith, 1908", 184493,Melampus massauensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,massauensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1858",The generic status is uncertain according to Dekker and Orlin (2000). 184494,Lobogenes pusilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Lobogenes,pusilla,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1972", 184495,Giustia midarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Giustia,midarensis,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184497,Pseudamnicola latasteana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,latasteana,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887",The generic position is uncertain in absence of anatomical data. 184498,Corrosella pallaryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Corrosella,pallaryi,,,,,"(Ghamizi, Vala & Bouka, 1997)", 184499,Congodoma zairensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Congodoma,zairensis,,,,,"(Bequaert & Clench, 1936)", 184500,Pisidium armillatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,armillatum,,,,,"(Kuiper, 1966)", 184501,Pettancylus connollyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,connollyi,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)", 184502,Melanopsis magnifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,magnifica,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1884","There are many forms of M. magnifica. It's a very beautiful shell. It's possible that it's many species combined." 184503,Belgrandia sp. nov. 'wiwanensis',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,sp. nov. 'wiwanensis',,,,,,"The generic status of this species is still uncertain, lacking anatomical data. Although taxonomy is uncertain, there is no uncertainty about it being a distinct species. It might be a new genus. Ghamizi has yet to publish on it, though the species is described in the PhD dissertaion of Ghamizi (1998). The type specimen is in the Museum of Natural History of Marrakesh." 184504,Cleopatra rugosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,rugosa,,,,,"Connolly, 1925", 184505,Heideella knidirii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heideella,knidirii,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","The generic position of this new species is still uncertain. The name 'knidirii' is a nomen nudum as the species is only described in the PhD dissertation of Ghamizi (1998)." 184506,Hydrobia brondeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,brondeli,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1862", 184507,Heideella sp. nov. 'valai',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heideella,sp. nov. 'valai',,,,,,"The generic position of this new species is still uncertain, anatomical data lacking. The name 'valai' is a nomen nudum since the species is only described in the Ph D dissertaion of Ghamizi (1998). Type specimen is in Musee de Paris." 184509,Horatia sp. nov. 'aghbalensis',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Horatia,sp. nov. 'aghbalensis',,,,,,This species is described in the PhD dissertation of Ghamizi (1998) (nomen nudum). Type specimen in Musee de Paris. 184510,Chambardia letourneuxi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,letourneuxi,,,,,"Servain, 1890",The name of the family Mutelidae has been altered in Iridinidae. 184511,Bythinella mauritanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,mauritanica,,,,,Letourneux & Bourguignat 1887,The generic position is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. Synonymisation according to Boeters (1976). 184512,Funduella incisa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Funduella,incisa,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 184513,Eupera sturanyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,sturanyi,,,,,"(Waagen, 1905)", 184515,Valvata nilotica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,nilotica,,,,,"Jickeli, 1874","Possibly identical to Valvata saulcyi Bourguignat of the Levant (Brown 1994)" 184517,Pseudocleopatra bennikei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Pseudocleopatra,bennikei,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1974","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, but this genus is now tentatively placed in Paludomidae along with Cleopatra until further genetic analysis can confirm the appropriate family for this genus." 184518,Paramelania crassigranulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paramelania,crassigranulata,,,,,"(Smith, 1881)",Taxonomic status under revision. 184519,Unio abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,abyssinicus,,,,,"Martens, 1866", 184520,Laemodonta oblonga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,oblonga,,,,,"Jickeli, 1874","Placed erroneously in the genus Auriculastra by Pilsbry and Bequaert (1927) and Bacci (1951) according to Brown (1994)" 184521,Gabbiella neumanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,neumanni,,,,,"(Martens, 1897)", 184523,Melampus caffer,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,caffer,,,,,"Küster, 1844", 184524,Pseudamnicola desertorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,desertorum,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1862)",The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864. 184526,Martelia dautzenbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Martelia,dautzenbergi,,,,,"Dupuis, 1924", 184528,Burnupia alta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,alta,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927","Species in the genus Burnipia are in need of taxonomic revision; the number of species is highly uncertain, with many founded on shell differences, but probably only a few are really distinct (Brown 1994)." 184530,Burnupia walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,walkeri,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927","Species in the genus Burnipia are in need of taxonomic revision; the number of species is highly uncertain, with many founded on shell differences, but probably only a few are really distinct (Brown 1994)." 184531,Pettancylus zambiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,zambiensis,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1968)", 184532,Ceratophallus apertus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,apertus,,,,,"(Martens, 1897)", 184533,Pseudogibbula cara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Pseudogibbula,cara,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927)",Originally placed in Cleopatra. Brown (1994) was uncertain of the genus. 184534,Auriculastra radiolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Auriculastra,radiolata,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)", 184535,Melanoides liebrechtsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,liebrechtsi,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1901)", 184536,Cleopatra obscura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,obscura,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 184538,Pseudamnicola leprevieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,leprevieri,,,,,"(Pallary, 1926)", 184539,Melanopsis scalaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,scalaris,,,,,"Gassies, 1856","Kristensen (1985) and Ramdani et al. (1987) consider the Maghrebian M. scalaris as a distinct species. Ghamizi (1998) suggests that it may belong to the Circummediterranean M. dufouri Férusac, 1823. Applying the methodology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. scalaris has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species characterised by its strong subsutural shoulder and turriform shell." 184541,Gabbiella spiralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,spiralis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 184542,Iglica soussensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Iglica,soussensis,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","This species is sympatric with Maroccopsis agadirensis, and is found in the same well. Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris. Very distinct species." 184545,Potadomoides hirta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Potadomoides,hirta,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914)", 184547,Ceratophallus blanfordi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,blanfordi,,,,,"Brown, 1973", 184549,Lanistes congicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,congicus,,,,,"Boettger, 1891", 184550,Mutela mabilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,mabilli,,,,,"(Rochebrune, 1886)","The taxonomic history of this species is complicated. Haas (1936, 1969) consider Mutela mabilli to be a synonym of Mutela dubia, and Mandahl-Barth (1998) treated it as a synonym of Mutela rostrata. Daget (1998), however, recognized three separate species: M. rostrata, M. mabilli and M. iris Pilsbry and Bequaert, 1927. M. mabilli has also been listed as occurring the Okavango and Zambezi rivers, but those populations have been transferred to M. zambesiensis Mandahl-Barth 1988 (Appleton 1996). The species concept applied here is that of Graf and Cummings (2006), which synonymises M. mabilli and M. iris." 184551,Burnupia kempi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,kempi,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)","Species in the genus Burnupia are in need of taxonomic revision; the number of species is highly uncertain, with many founded on shell differences, but probably only a few are really distinct (Brown 1994)." 184552,Hydrobia recta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,recta,,,,,"(Mousson, 1874)",There are taxonomic problems with this species. 184555,Lanistes carinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,carinatus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)", 184558,Pseudamnicola oudrefica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,oudrefica,,,,,"(Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887)",The generic position is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. Synonymisation according to Boeters (1976). 184560,Tomichia guillemei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,guillemei,,,,,"Leloup, 1953", 184561,Auriculodes gaziensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Auriculodes,gaziensis,,,,,"(Preston, 1913)", 184562,Cleopatra mweruensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,mweruensis,,,,,"Smith, 1893","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 184563,Potadoma ponthiervillensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,ponthiervillensis,,,,,"(Dupuis & Putzeys, 1900)", 184564,Eussoia inopina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Eussoia,inopina,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)", 184565,Mercuria perforata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,perforata,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1862)","Highly distinctive species or different species, probably new genus but generic status uncertain by lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864." 184566,Belgrandiella seminium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,seminium,,,,,"(Morelet, 1857)",This is a highly distinctive species but its generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864. 184567,Aspatharia marnoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,marnoi,,,,,"(Jickeli, 1874)",This was considered a synonym of Chambardia wahlbergi hartmanni (see Daget 1998) but is according to Graf and Cummings (2007) either a distinct species or a distinct subspecies belonging to the A. pfeifferiana group (A. Pfeifferiana marnoi). 184568,Pisidium giraudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,giraudi,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1885)", 184569,Coelatura luapulaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,luapulaensis,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 184571,Eussoia oblonga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Eussoia,oblonga,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1973)", 184574,Pisidium kenianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,kenianum,,,,,"Preston, 1911", 184576,Laemodonta amplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,amplicata,,,,,"Jickeli, 1874","Placed erroneously in the genus Auriculastra by Pilsbry and Bequaert (1927) and Bacci (1951) according to Brown (1994)." 184577,Melanopsis subgraellsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,subgraellsiana,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1864","As Bourguignat (1864) pointed out is this morphotype somewhat similar to the Iberian Melanopsis graëllsiana which also is carinated. Melanopsis subgraëllsiana is not only distinctive in shell morphology but geographically strongly isolated (North-West Algeria). It is therefore considered here as distinctive and not as a variety of M. maroccana." 184578,Vinundu westae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Vinundu,westae,,,,,"Michel, 2004", 184579,Hydrobia luvilana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,luvilana,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1973", 184580,Jubaia excentrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Jubaia,excentrica,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 184581,Assiminea keniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,keniana,,,,,"(Brown, 1980)", 184582,Gabbiella verdcourti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,verdcourti,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1968)", 184583,Vinundu guillemei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Vinundu,guillemei,,,,,"(Martel & Dautzenberg, 1899)","Although Vinundu are common species, they were not recognized until recently as historical sampling was largely with dredges and these are mostly found on rocks in deep water." 184584,Cleopatra johnstoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,johnstoni,,,,,"Smith, 1893","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 184585,Coelatura kipopoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,kipopoensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968","Coelatura kipopoensis is poorly known, and its relationships to the other Coelatura of the upper Congo are not known." 184586,Hydrobia plena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,plena,,,,,"Bequaert & Clench, 1936",This species may not be in the genus Hydrobria but anatomical material is not available. 184587,Pseudocleopatra dartevellei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Pseudocleopatra,dartevellei,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1973","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, but this genus is now tentatively placed in Paludomidae along with Cleopatra until further genetic analysis can confirm the appropriate family for this genus." 184588,Coelatura briarti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,briarti,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1901)", 184589,Melanoides nyangweensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,nyangweensis,,,,,"(Dupuis & Putzeys, 1900)", 184590,Galatea nux,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,nux,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927)", 184591,Nitia chefneuxi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nitia,chefneuxi,,,,,(Neuville & Anthony 1906),"Mandahl-Barth (1988) suggests that this taxa is conspecific with Unio monceti." 184592,Ceratophallus faini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,faini,,,,,"(Adam, 1957)", 184593,Gabbiella walleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,walleri,,,,,"(Smith, 1888)", 184594,Melanoides agglutinans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,agglutinans,,,,,"(Bequaert & Clench, 1941)",Further taxonomic work is required on this species. 184595,Gabbiella schweinfurthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,schweinfurthi,,,,,"(Jickeli, 1874)", 184596,Lobogenes spiralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Lobogenes,spiralis,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927", 184598,Heideella andreae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heideella,andreae,,,,,"Backhuys & Boeters, 1974", 184599,Gabbiella parvipila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,parvipila,,,,,"(Verdcourt, 1958)", 1846,Apricaphanius iberus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Apricaphanius,iberus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)",This species was included in the genus Aphanius prior to 2020. 184601,Septariellina congolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Septariellina,congolensis,,,,,"Bequaert & Clench, 1936", 184602,Potadoma alutacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,alutacea,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927", 184604,Paramelania minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paramelania,minor,,,,,"(Smith, 1904)","Note that P. minor as referred to in recent publications is not taxonomically justified, as the type specimens do not match current usage." 184605,Hydrobia gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,gracilis,,,,,"Morelet, 1880",The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical study. 184606,Anodonta pallaryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,pallaryi,,,,,"Bédé, 1932","Originally described by Bédé (1932) as a new subgenus, Liouvillea, on the basis of anatomic differences. Subsequently considered as synonymous with the European Anodonta cygnaea Lake (see Daget, 1998), from which it differs by its smaller size, broad umbo and umbonal ornamenation. Further molecular and taxonomic research is necessary to establish its degree of taxonomic distinction.

For the moment it should not be considered as A. cygnea because the Iberian populations are not considered A. cygnea which would imply a jump, so almost certainly not." 184607,Giustia mellalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Giustia,mellalensis,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184608,Mutela langi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,langi,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927","Both Mandahl-Barth (1988) and Daget (1998) regarded Mutela langi as a synonym of M. rostrata. However, Graf regards Mutela langi as morphologically distinct, but based on limited shell data." 184609,Pseudamnicola meluzzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,meluzzii,,,,,"Boeters, 1976", 184610,Hydrobia elachista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,elachista,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1862",This species is based on empty shells only. Algerian Hydrobiidae have not been revised since 1864. According to Ghamizi (1998) the shells of this species ressemble H. maroccana but are larger. 184611,Lanistes nsendweensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,nsendweensis,,,,,"(Dupuis & Putzeys, 1902)", 184612,Pseudamnicola singularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,singularis,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887",The generic position is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. 184614,Sphaerium maroccanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,maroccanum,,,,,"(Pallary, 1898)","The Moroccan species described as Sphaerium maroccanum Pallary, 1898 is considered by e.g. Van Damme (1984) and Daget (1998) to be a form of the widespread Paleartic Sphaerium lacustre (Müller, 1774). Ghamizi (1998) retains S. maroccanum as a distinct species. This opinion is followed here provisionally. S. maroccanum is likely a split from Sphaerium ovale, and as such only part of S. ovale is a synonym for S. maroccanum." 184615,Melanopsis chlorotica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,chlorotica,,,,,"Pallary, 1921","Considered by Ghamizi (1998) as a distinct morphotype. Applying the methodology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. chlorotica has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species characterised by its small size, elongate form and the presence of several dark coloured bands." 184616,Gabbiella matadina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,matadina,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 184618,Pseudamnicola barratei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,barratei,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887",The generic position uncertain in absence of anatomical data. Synonymisation based on Boeters (1976) 184619,Lymnaea maroccana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,maroccana,,,,,"Pallary, 1889","These Moroccan populations were identified by Kristensen (1985) and Ramdani et al. (1987) as Lymnaea glabra. Ghamizi (1990) forwards conclusive arguments that the species originally described by Pallary is distinct and endemic to Morocco." 184620,Potadoma wansoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,wansoni,,,,,"Bequaert & Clench, 1941", 184622,Belgrandiella nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,nana,,,,,"(Terver, 1839)","The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical study. According to Ghamizi (1998) the species may possibly belong to Belgrandiella or to Graziana." 184623,Theodoxus marteli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,marteli,,,,,"(Pallary, 1918)","Theodoxus marteli has been considered by most authors as synonymous with the European T. fluviatilis ((Linnaeus, 1758). Current research in the Iberian peninsula and the Maghreb has shown that the degree of endemicity in freshwater molluscs of the Mediterranean region is significantly higher than has been assumed hitherto. We therefore prefer to maintain T. marteli provisionally as a distinct species." 184624,Potadoma liricincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,liricincta,,,,,"(Smith, 1888)", 184627,Paramelania imperialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paramelania,imperialis,,,,,"(Giraud, 1885)", 184629,Giustia bodoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Giustia,bodoni,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184630,Pettancylus toroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,toroensis,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)", 184632,Pettancylus pallaryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,pallaryi,,,,,"(Walker, 1914)", 184633,Coelatura leopoldvillensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,leopoldvillensis,,,,,"(Putzeys, 1898)", 184634,Melanopsis turgida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,turgida,,,,,"Pallary, 1928","Applying the methodology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. turgida has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species.

The species is considered taxon inquirendum by MolluscaBase (2022)." 184635,Galatea schwabi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,schwabi,,,,,"(Clench, 1929)", 184636,Mutela legumen,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,legumen,,,,,"(Rochebrune, 1886)",This species has also been referred to as Mutela carrei (Putzeys 1898) in recent literature. Both Mandahl-Barth (1988) and Daget (1998) regarded Mutela legumen as a synonym of M. rostrata. 184637,Anodonta lucasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,lucasi,,,,,"Deshayes, 1847","The Maghrebian Anodonta populations were ranged by all modern malacologists (e.g., Daget 1998) under the European A. cygnaea and A. anatina. Recent molecular studies have revealed however the existence of 2 cryptospecies of Anodonta in Mediterranean Europe. According to the present assessors, taking into account the above and the conchyologic distinctive features the Anodonta populations that occur in the marshes of the border region of Algeria and Tunisia should be considered as a separate taxon." 184638,Giustia janai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Giustia,janai,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","It is sympatric with G. gofasi. Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184639,Hydrobia gabonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,gabonensis,,,,,"Morelet, 1885",Brown (1994) notes that these have not been studied anatomically and their generic status is solely on shell characters. 184640,Heideella sp. nov. 'salahi',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heideella,sp. nov. 'salahi',,,,,,"The generic position of this new species is still uncertain. The name 'salahi' is a nomen nudum as the species is only described in the PhD dissertation of Ghamizi (1998). Voucher specimens deposited in Paris Museum." 184643,Cleopatra pilula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,pilula,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1967","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 184644,Cleopatra athiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,athiensis,,,,,"(Verdcourti, 1957)", 184646,Melanoides bavayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,bavayi,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914)",The taxonomy of this species is questionable. Perhaps asexual reproduction (clonal lineages). 184647,Giustia gofasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Giustia,gofasi,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184648,Pisidium ethiopicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ethiopicum,,,,,"Korniushin, 1995", 184655,Attebania bernasconii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Attebania,bernasconii,,,,,"Ghamizi, Bodon, Boulal & Giusti, 1999", 184656,Melanoides dupuisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,dupuisi,,,,,"(Spence, 1923)", 184657,Tanganyicia michelae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Tanganyicia,michelae,,,,,"(West, 1999)", 184658,Pseudamnicola constantinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,constantinae,,,,,"(Letourneux, 1870)",The generic position is uncertain due to anatomical study lacking. 184661,Cassidula labrella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Cassidula,labrella,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1830)", 184662,Bulinus octoploidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,octoploidus,,,,,"Burch, 1972",Can morphologically not been separated from B. hexaploidus. 184664,Pisidium invenustum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,invenustum,,,,,"(Kuiper, 1996)", 184665,Hydrobia djerbaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,djerbaensis,,,,,"Wilke, Pfenninger & Davis, 2002", 184666,Ceratophallus gibbonsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,gibbonsi,,,,,"(Nelson, 1878)", 184668,Giustia costata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Giustia,costata,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184669,Pleiodon spekii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Pleiodon,spekii,,,,,"(Woodward, 1859)", 184670,Melanoides wagenia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,wagenia,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927","This species is possibly related to M. recticosta (Brown 1994), but Brown maintained it as a separate species." 184671,Hydrobia schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,schoutedeni,,,,,"(Bequaert & Clench, 1936)", 184672,Cleopatra langi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,langi,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 184673,Melanoides kinshassaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,kinshassaensis,,,,,"(Dupuis & Putzeys, 1900)", 184674,Incertihydrobia teesdalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Incertihydrobia,teesdalei,,,,,"(Verdcourti, 1958)", 184675,Jubaia aethiopica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Jubaia,aethiopica,,,,,"(Verdcourt, 1958)", 184676,Aspatharia semicorrugata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,semicorrugata,,,,,"(Preston, 1909)",Aspatharia semicorrugata has been confused with both Aspatharia rugifera and A. pfeifferiana in the Congo Basin. 184677,Segmentorbis excavatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentorbis,excavatus,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 184680,Segmentorbis eussoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentorbis,eussoensis,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)", 184681,Pseudamnicola luteola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,luteola,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1862)",The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864. 184682,Burnupia edwardiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,edwardiana,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927)", 184683,Potadomoides schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Potadomoides,schoutedeni,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914)", 184684,Heideella dolichia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heideella,dolichia,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1862)","Highly distinctive species but generic status uncertain because of lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864. It is almost certainly not Heideella because Heideella is a species living in wells and this species lives in springs. It was previously called Hydrobia dolichia." 184687,Melanopsis letourneuxi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,letourneuxi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1880","Applying the methodology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. letourneuxi has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species characterised by strong ribs with two rows of noduli separated by a marked indentation." 184688,Melanopsis saharica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,saharica,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1864","Highly distinctive small species. Applying the methodology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. saharica has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species characterised by its squat extremely globose form." 184690,Theodoxus niloticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,niloticus,,,,,"(Reeve, 1856)",This is considered a good species. 184692,Melampus semiaratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,semiaratus,,,,,"(Connolly, 1912)", 184693,Chelidonopsis hirundo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chelidonopsis,hirundo,,,,,"(von Martens, 1881)", 184694,Liminitesta sulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Liminitesta,sulcata,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1974", 184695,Potadoma nyongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,nyongensis,,,,,"Spence, 1928", 184696,Hydrobia rheophila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,rheophila,,,,,"Bequaert & Clench, 1936", 184697,Bythinella sordida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,sordida,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)",The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864. 184698,Gabbiella candida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,candida,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1968)", 1847,Aphanius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,fasciatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1821)","Molecular evidence has demonstrated that the traditional concept of this species comprises five distinct geographical lineages , one of which has been described as Aphanius almiriensis Kottelat, Barbieri & Stoumboudi 2007." 18470,Pseudoatta argentina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pseudoatta,argentina,,,,,"Gallardo, 1916", 184700,Galatea heukelomii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,heukelomii,,,,,"Bernardi, 1860", 184701,Margaritifera marocana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,marocana,,,,,"(Pallary, 1918)","In his revision of the Paleartic unionids, Haas (1940) considered the three Moroccan species described by Pallary (1918, 1923 and 1928) to belong to a single subspecies of the European Psilunio auricularius (Spengler, 1792 ), namely P. auricularius marocanus. Some authors (Van Damme 1984; Ghamizi 1998) retained the Moroccan form as distinctive while others (Mandahl-Barth 1988; Daget, 1998) did not. Recent molecular and conchiological investigation show that this species is a separate species, differing from the European species e.g., by its smaller size, nearly black outer test and differences in the hinge." 184703,Pisidium montigenum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,montigenum,,,,,"(Kuiper, 1966)", 184704,Potadoma trochiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,trochiformis,,,,,"(Clench, 1929)", 184705,Bythinella microcochlia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,microcochlia,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887","The generic position is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. According to Boeters (1976) the shells from Goulette (Tunisia) identified by Letourneux and Bourguignat (1887) as B. microcochlia belong to a different species. They are hence not incorporated in this assessment." 184706,Valvata revoili,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,revoili,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1889",Probably distinct species but taxonomic status needs to be confirmed. Only known from the original 19th Century description (Bourguignat 1889) 184707,Hydrobia maroccana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,maroccana,,,,,"Pallary, 1921", 184708,Unio foucauldianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,foucauldianus,,,,,"Pallary, 1936","Considered erroneously by Van Damme (1984), Daget (1998) and Ghamizi (1998) as a synonym of Unio elongatulus durieui Deshayes, 1847. Unio foucauldianus was considered a synonim of U. gibbus by Araujo et al. (2009). However, based on morphological and genetic analyses, Froufe et al., 2016 recognize U. foucauldianus not as U. gibbus but as the valid name for the other single Unio species found in Morocco. Pallary first described this species in 1936 from specimens collected at the Aït Melloul bridge, in the lower section of the Sous River, which now dries completely in the summer and where the species has not been recorded for decades. Unfortunately, the present location of the type specimens of U. foucauldianus is unknown." 184709,Biomphalaria alexandrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,alexandrina,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1831)", 184710,Unio durieui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,durieui,,,,,"Deshayes, 1847","All Unio subpopulations that occur in the rivers belonging to the Mediterranean Basin were considered by Haas (1940) to be subspecies of Unio elongatulus Pfeiffer, 1825. The Maghrebian Unio subpopulations were all listed under Unio elongatulus durieui. For Spanish subpopulations, the name Unio mancus Lamarck does have priority over U. elongatulus. Some authors subsequently erroneously substituted the name mancus for all elongatulus subspecies created by Haas (e.g., Unio elongatulus durieui hence becomes Unio mancus durieui). This is not based on any scientific evidence and it is advisable to reject Haas' excessive lumping and to consider his many subspecies as separate species. Unio durieui is quite distinctive from the Spanish U. mancus in general form, umbonal ornamentation and coloration. According to the present assessors Unio durieui should be given the rank of species, that is geographically confined to the Mediterranean part of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia." 184714,Potadomoides broecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Potadomoides,broecki,,,,,"(Putzeys, 1899)",Further taxonomic work may be needed for this species; it may need to be re-transferred back to Cleopatra (Glaubrecht and Strong 2007). 184715,Coelatura choziensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,choziensis,,,,,"(Preston, 1909)","The current concept of Coelatura choziensis is a legacy of Haas’ (1936, 1969) treatment of this species. Haas considered C. choziensis to be composed of three subspecies: C. c. choziensis from the upper Chambeshi River, C. c. bangweolica Haas, 1936 from Lake Bangweulu and C. c. luapulaensis (Preson 1913) from the Lualpula River, all three from the Congo Basin above Lake Mweru. Coelatura luapulaensis is now recognized as a distinct species, and the name C. choziensis is used for the Coelatura sp. of Lake Bangweulu. However, the type figured by Preston as Unio choziensis is from the upper Chambeshi (distant from the lake) and resembles C. luapulaensis. If future revisions determine that the thicker-shelled, sculptured coelaturas of the Chambeshi belong to a single species (including U. choziensis), then the species recognized by Mandahl-Barth (1988) and Daget (1998) as Coelatura luapulaensis must be called C. choziensis and the mussel in Lake Bangweulu will be called Coelatura bangweolica. Pending a proper revision, the current nomenclature is retained here." 184716,Lanistes purpureus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,purpureus,,,,,"(Jonas, 1839)", 184719,Melanoides crawshayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,crawshayi,,,,,"(Smith, 1893)", 184720,Mercuria punica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Mercuria,punica,,,,,"(Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887)", 184721,Burnupia kimiloloensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,kimiloloensis,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927","Species in the genus Burnipia are in need of taxonomic revision; the number of species is highly uncertain, with many founded on shell differences, but probably only a few are really distinct (Brown 1994)." 184722,Pseudogibbula duponti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Pseudogibbula,duponti,,,,,"Dautzenberg, 1891", 184724,Melanopsis mourebeyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,mourebeyensis,,,,,"Pallary, 1921","Melanopsis mourebeyensis is considered to be a distinct morphotype by Ramdani et al. (1987) and by Ghamizi (1998). Applying the methodology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. mourebeyensis has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species characterised by a nodular carena and a swollen body whorl." 184725,Hydrobia sordida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,sordida,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)",The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical study. 184726,Valvatorbis mauritii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Valvatorbis,mauritii,,,,,"Bequaert & Clench, 1936", 184727,Melanoides nsendweensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,nsendweensis,,,,,"(Dupuis & Putzeys, 1900)","Perhaps asexual reproduction (clonal lineages). For the purposes of this assessment, Melanoides kisangani and M. langi are both included as forms of M. nsendweensis, based on information from Jenner et al. (2004) and Sorensen et al. 2005. Further taxonomic work is required to confirm whether langi and kisangani are valid species or not." 184728,Maroccopsis agadirensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Maroccopsis,agadirensis,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184729,Coelatura stagnorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,stagnorum,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1890)", 184730,Tomichia hendrickxi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,hendrickxi,,,,,"(Verdcourt, 1950)","Three Tomichia species are recorded in Central Africa, but these are of uncertain generic position (Brown 1994)." 184731,Pseudamnicola ragia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,ragia,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887",The generic position is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. Synonymisation according to Boeters (1976). 184733,Melanoides mweruensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,mweruensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1893)", 184734,Potadoma schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,schoutedeni,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927", 184735,Giustia saidai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Giustia,saidai,,,,,"Ghamizi, 1998","Nomen nudum for a new species described by Ghamizi (1998) in his PhD thesis. Type specimen in the Musee de Paris." 184737,Eussoia aethiopica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Eussoia,aethiopica,,,,,"(Thiele, 1927)", 184739,Bythinella limnopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,limnopsis,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887","Generic position uncertain by lack of anatomical data. Synonymisation according to Boeters (1976), but here considered a distinct species." 184740,Hydrobia musaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,musaensis,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1855","The officially accepted name for Hydrobia (Semisalsa) musaensis Frauenfeld 1855 is Heleobia musaensis (Frauenfeld, 1855). The taxonomic status of the West African hydrobiid populations referred to as H. musaensis, which originally was described from coastal Egypt,  need further investigation.It is doubtfull that these belong to this species whose distrubution is covers part of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea." 184742,Pseudamnicola globulina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,globulina,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887",The generic position is uncertain in absence of anatomical data. Synonymisation based on Boeters (1976) 184744,Potadoma ignobilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,ignobilis,,,,,"(Thiele, 1911)", 184746,Gabbiella parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,parva,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)", 184747,Pettancylus lhotelleriei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,lhotelleriei,,,,,"(Walker, 1914)", 184748,Potadomoides bequaerti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Potadomoides,bequaerti,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914)", 184749,Pseudamnicola letourneuxiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,letourneuxiana,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1862)","This is a distinct species, possibly new genus. The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864.

Glöer et al. (2010) reviewed the genera Pseudamnicola and Mercuria, and placed this species within Pseudamnicola." 16126,Paramelania iridescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paramelania,iridescens,,,,,"(Moore, 1898)",The spelling of the specific name was corrected from irridescens to iridescens. 184752,Heleobia arenaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,arenaria,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1862)",The generic status is uncertain due to lack of anatomical data. The taxonomy of the hydrobiids of Algeria has not been revised since 1864. 184753,Pseudamnicola doumeti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,doumeti,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887",The generic position is uncertain in absence of anatomical data. Synonymisation based on Boeters (1976). 184755,Bulinus abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,abyssinicus,,,,,"von Martens, 1866", 184756,Mutela soleniformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,soleniformis,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1885)", 184758,Melanopsis arbalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,arbalensis,,,,,"Pérès, 1939","Considered by Pérès (1939) as a subspecies of Melanopsis scalaris. However, applying the methology of Heller et al. (2005) to differentiate Melanopsis species, M. arbalensis has to be considered as a distinctive Melanopsis species characterised by the faint shoulder (instead of the marked one in M. scalaris) and the presence of fine but distinct horizontal striae. Ghamizi is going to check the type locality, because if it is only this site, then it is actually M. scalaris (Ghamizi has been there)." 184760,Nyassunio ujijiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nyassunio,ujijiensis,,,,,"(Crosse, 1881)","This is a poorly characterized species, known for sure only from the types and scant other material of questionable quality. The only other species recognized in Nyassunio is N. nyassaensis (Lea 1864) from Lake Malawi (Daget 1998)." 184761,Moncetia anceyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Moncetia,anceyi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1885", 184762,Cleopatra hemmingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,hemmingi,,,,,"(Verdcourt, 1956)", 184763,Melanoides anomala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,anomala,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914)", 184764,Potadoma zenkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,zenkeri,,,,,"(Martens, 1901)", 184823,Sinotaia mandahlbarthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Sinotaia,mandahlbarthi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184826,Hubendickia gochenouri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,gochenouri,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","


" 184827,Hubendickia tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,tuberculata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184831,Lacunopsis coronata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,coronata,,,,,"Bavay, 1895", 184834,Halewisia conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Halewisia,conica,,,,,"(Temcharoen, 1971)","The correct placement of the species is uncertain. Davis (1979) considers that, based on shell characteristics and reproductive period, it might be more correctly placed in Tricula. According to S. Attwood (pers. comm. 2010), Manningiella conica was assigned to Halewisia conica by Davis (1979).
" 184838,Hubendickia subulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,subulata,,,,,"(Brandt, 1971)",The species requires further taxonomic study; Davis (1979) considers that anatomical data are required and not shell shape alone to correctly place the species. 184848,Stenothyra wykoffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,wykoffi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184854,Filopaludina maekoki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Filopaludina,maekoki,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)","

Two subgenera may be recognized within Filopaludina. F. maekoki belongs to the subgenus Siamopaludina.

" 18486,Pseudocampylaea portosanctana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Pseudocampylaea,portosanctana,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1824)", 184865,Gangetia tigertti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Gangetia,tigertti,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184868,Hubendickia schuetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,schuetti,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)", 184873,Hydrorissoia munensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,munensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","

In 1968, Brandt described a species named Hydrorissoia hospitalis. In 1974 he mentioned that this species is so closely related to H. munensis that it could be treated as a local morph, appearing in the Mun River.

" 18488,Pseudocandona cavicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,CANDONIDAE,Pseudocandona,cavicola,,,,,"(Klie, 1935)",May have been transferred to the genus Typhlocypris. 184882,Hubendickia pellucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,pellucida,,,,,"(Bavay, 1895)","Manningiella pellucida was assigned to Hubendickia pellucida by Davis (1979) (S. Attwood pers. comm. 2011)." 184888,Hubendickia schlickumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,schlickumi,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)", 18489,Pseudocandona pretneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,CANDONIDAE,Pseudocandona,pretneri,,,,,"Danielopol, 1978",May have been transferred to the genus Typhlocypris. 184894,Anulotaia forcarti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Anulotaia,forcarti,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",


18490,Pseudocandona trigonelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,CANDONIDAE,Pseudocandona,trigonelia,,,,,"(Klie, 1938)",May have been transferred to the genus Typhlocypris. 184903,Jullienia prasongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,prasongi,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 184905,Pachydrobia fischeriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,fischeriana,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 18491,Fabaeformiscandona aemonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,PODOCOPIDA,CANDONIDAE,Fabaeformiscandona,aemonae,,,,,"(Klie, 1935)", 184921,Pachydrobia incerta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,incerta,,,,,"(Temcharoen, 1971)","Davis (1979) placed Manningiella incerta in Pachydrobia.
" 184926,Lacunopsis munensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,munensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 184931,Hubendickia polita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,polita,,,,,"(Brandt, 1970)","Davis (1979) considered Manningiella polita more correctly placed as Hubendickia polita." 184932,Lacunopsis massiei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,massiei,,,,,"Bavay, 1895", 184948,Iberus gualtieranus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,gualtieranus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprised 20 morphospecies of uncertain validity (traditional classifications conflicted with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. They were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system shows no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente 1994, Arrébola 1995). Recently, Elejalde, Madeira, Arrébola et al. (2008) have studied partial DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA) from different specimens of Iberus, to test the validity of the described morphospecies of the genus. The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them is I. gualtieranus, composed by three subspecies:  I.g. gualtieranus, I.g. mariae and I.g. ornatissimus. The first has a keeled and flattened shell with marked ornamentation of spiral and radial costulae (synapomorphy), while the other two show rounded and globose shells with soft ornamentation. I.g. mariae and I.g. ornatissimus have distinct and very restricted range and their shells clearly differ one from another. Both taxa were phylogenetically very closely related to I. g. gualtieranus, in contrast with the opinion of other authors who considered them to be more closely related to I. alonensis s.l., on the basis of shell morphology (Alonso and Ibáñez 1981)." 184949,Iberus alonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,alonensis,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprises 20 species-level taxa of uncertain validity (traditional classifications are in conflict with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. These species were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system showed no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente 1994, Arrébola 1995).

Recently, Elejalde et al. (2008), using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data (COI and 16S rRNA), were able to validate the observed phylogenetic taxa within the complex by means of the analysis of specimens of the different species, together with the study of topotypes (i.e. specimen taken from the type locality of that species). The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them, I. alonensis s. str., comprises all the Iberus living in the half eastern Iberian Peninsula except in Andalusia and in the southern part of the Murcia provinces, where I. carthaginiensis and two additional un-nominated and not described yet taxa of the alonensis form were identified. This designation was in agreement with Martínez-Ortí et al. (2005)." 184950,Iberus campesinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,campesinus,,,,,"(Ezquerra in Pfeiffer, 1846)","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprised 20 morphospecies of uncertain validity (traditional classifications conflicted with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. They were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system shows no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente 1994, Arrébola 1995). Recently, Elejalde et al. (2008) have studied partial DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA) from different specimens of Iberus, to test the validity of the described morphospecies of the genus. The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them is I. campesinus." 184951,Iberus carthaginiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,carthaginiensis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1854)","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprised 20 morphospecies of uncertain validity (traditional classifications conflicted with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. They were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system shows no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente 1994, Arrébola 1995). Recently, Elejalde, Madeira, Arrébola, Muñoz & Gomez-Moliner (2008) have studied partial DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA) from different specimens of Iberus, to test the validity of the described morphospecies of the genus. The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them is I. carthaginiensis." 184952,Iberus guiraoanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,guiraoanus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1854)","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprised 20 morphospecies of uncertain validity (traditional classifications conflicted with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. They were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system shows no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente 1994, Arrébola 1995). Recently, Elejalde, Madeira, Arrébola, Muñoz and Gomez-Moliner (2008) have studied partial DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA) from different specimens of Iberus, to test the validity of the described morphospecies of the genus. The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them is I. guiraoanus, mainly characterized by its medium-sized umbilicated shells although the mentioned authors do not reject the possibility two cryptic species could exist in the guiraoanus clade." 184953,Iberus angustatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,angustatus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1854)","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprised 20 morphospecies of uncertain validity (traditional classifications conflicted with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. They were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system shows no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente, 1994; Arrébola, 1995). Recently, Elejalde, Madeira, Arrébola, Muñoz & Gomez-Moliner (2008) have studied partial DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA) from different specimens of Iberus, to test the validity of the described morphospecies of the genus. The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them is I. angustatus, characterized by the presence of a narrow umbilicus in the shell." 184954,Iberus ortizi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Iberus,ortizi,,,,,"García San Nicolás, 1957","Iberus is an Iberian Peninsula endemic genus, that comprised 20 morphospecies of uncertain validity (traditional classifications conflicted with each other mostly in the number of species), some of them occupying a very restricted geographical area. They were characterized mostly on the basis of the shell morphology because the reproductive system shows no diagnostic features at the specific level (Puente 1994, Arrébola 1995). Recently, Elejalde, Madeira, Arrébola, Muñoz and Gomez-Moliner (2008) have studied partial DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S rRNA) from different specimens of Iberus, to test the validity of the described morphospecies of the genus. The analysis have revealed 11 main phylogroups, being genetically unique lineages that are allopatrically distributed and considered to have full species status. One of them is I. ortizi. Previously, I. ortizi had been considered a minor form of  I. alcarazanus (Ortiz de Zárate in García San Nicolás 1957) although García San Nicolás (1957) assigned it a subspecific status: I. alcarazanus ortizi. However, the data provided by a recent taxonomic revision (Martínez-Ortí et al. 2004) indicate that I. alcarazanus should be considered as a synonym of I. alonensis. Consequently, I. ortizi is a valid name (Elejalde et al. 2008)." 184985,Enoplometopus daumi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,daumi,,,,,"Holthuis, 1983", 184986,Galearctus rapanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Galearctus,rapanus,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1993)", 184987,Bathyarctus steatopygus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Bathyarctus,steatopygus,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 184988,Galearctus umbilicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Galearctus,umbilicatus,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1977)", 184989,Stereomastis cerata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,cerata,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 184990,Nephropsis holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,holthuisi,,,,,"Macpherson, 1993","This species is extremely similar to N. rosea, with the relative position of the gastric tubercle on the carapace being the only difference to separate them (Chan 1997).

Watabe and Iizuka (1999) state that more specimens need to be examined to determine if this is a valid species or not." 184991,Stereomastis trispinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,trispinosa,,,,,"(de Man, 1905)", 184992,Thaumastochelopsis brucei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thaumastochelopsis,brucei,,,,,"Ahyong, Chu & Chan, 2007", 184993,Enoplometopus antillensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,antillensis,,,,,"Lüken, 1865", 184994,Biarctus dubius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Biarctus,dubius,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1963)", 184995,Eduarctus lewinsohni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,lewinsohni,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1967)", 184996,Stereomastis panglao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,panglao,,,,,"Ahyong & Chan, 2008", 184997,Eduarctus modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,modestus,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1960)","Some specimens of this species were incorrectly labelled as Scyllarus martensii (Holthuis 2002).

This species is referred to as Scyllarus modestus in Holthuis (1991)." 184998,Enoplometopus debelius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,debelius,,,,,"Holthuis, 1983", 184999,Scyllarus subarctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,subarctus,,,,,"Crosnier, 1970", 185057,Scyllarides obtusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarides,obtusus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1993", 185058,Pentacheles validus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Pentacheles,validus,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1880", 185000,Stereomastis nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,nana,,,,,"(Smith, 1884)", 185060,Enoplometopus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Randall, 1840)", 185001,Stereomastis alis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,alis,,,,,"(Ahyong & Galil, 2006)", 185059,Acantharctus posteli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Acantharctus,posteli,,,,,"(Forest, 1963)","This species had been assigned as Scyllarus paradoxus (Miers, 1881). More recently, Forest (1963) showed it to be a new species (Holthuis 2002)." 185002,Ibacus pubescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,pubescens,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960", 185061,Pentacheles snyderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Pentacheles,snyderi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1906)", 185003,Stereomastis polita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,polita,,,,,"(Galil, 2000)", 185062,Galearctus timidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Galearctus,timidus,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1960)", 185004,Thymopides laurentae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thymopides,laurentae,,,,,"Segonzac & Macpherson, 2003", 185072,Stereomastis phosphorus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,phosphorus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 185005,Enoplometopus gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,gracilipes,,,,,"(Saint Laurent, 1988)", 185073,Stereomastis aculeata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,aculeata,,,,,"(Galil, 2000)", 185006,Eduarctus marginatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,marginatus,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 185074,Galearctus kitanoviriosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Galearctus,kitanoviriosus,,,,,"(Harada, 1962)", 185007,Nupalirus chani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Nupalirus,chani,,,,,"(Poupin, 1994)","This species is named Justita chani by Poupin 1994, but is now accepted as Nupalirus chani (Chan 2010)." 185075,Thenus australiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Thenus,australiensis,,,,,"Burton & Davie, 2007","This species has previously been confused with T. orientalis, which is now regarded as not occurring in Australia. The species are very difficult to separate using morphological characters (Burton and Davie 2007)." 185008,Palinurus barbarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinurus,barbarae,,,,,"Groeneveld, Griffiths & Van Dalsen, 2006", 185076,Galearctus aurora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Galearctus,aurora,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1982)", 185009,Palinustus holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Palinustus,holthuisi,,,,,"Chan & Yu, 1995", 185077,Bathyarctus faxoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Bathyarctus,faxoni,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1917)", 185010,Acantharctus delfini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Acantharctus,delfini,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1909)", 185078,Chelarctus crosnieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Chelarctus,crosnieri,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 185011,Enoplometopus chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,chacei,,,,,"Kensley & Child, 1986", 185079,Homeryon armarium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Homeryon,armarium,,,,,"Galil, 2000", 185012,Stereomastis sculpta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,sculpta,,,,,"(Smith, 1880)", 185013,Bathyarctus ramosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Bathyarctus,ramosae,,,,,"(Tavares, 1997)", 185080,Chelarctus cultrifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Chelarctus,cultrifer,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1897)","From morphological analyses the two subspecies, Chelarctus cultrifer cultrifer and C. cultrifer meridionalis (Holthuis, 1960) have been abandoned in favour of a single species (Chan 1997, Holthuis 2002)." 185014,Thenus indicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Thenus,indicus,,,,,"Leach, 1815", 185081,Scyllarus depressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,depressus,,,,,"(Smith, 1881)","Synonyms: Arctus depressus (S.I. Smith, 1881); S. nearctus (Holthuis, 1960)." 185015,Cardus crucifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Cardus,crucifer,,,,,"(Thomson, 1873)", 185082,Willemoesia pacifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Willemoesia,pacifica,,,,,"Sund, 1920", 185016,Scyllarus planorbis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,planorbis,,,,,"Holthuis, 1969", 185083,Polycheles baccatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,baccatus,,,,,"Bate, 1878", 185017,Petrarctus demani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Petrarctus,demani,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1946)", 185084,Polycheles perarmatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,perarmatus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1952", 185018,Pentacheles gibbus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Pentacheles,gibbus,,,,,"Alcock, 1894", 185085,Jasus caveorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Jasus,caveorum,,,,,"Webber & Booth, 1995", 185019,Polycheles enthrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,enthrix,,,,,"(Bate, 1878)", 185086,Scyllarus americanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,americanus,,,,,"(Smith, 1869)","Synonyms: Arctus americanus (S.I. Smith, 1869), Scyllarus gundlachi (Von Martens, 1872)." 185087,Bathyarctus chani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Bathyarctus,chani,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 185020,Crenarctus crenatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Crenarctus,crenatus,,,,,"(Whitelegge, 1900)", 185088,Eduarctus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,reticulatus,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 185021,Ibacus chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Ibacus,chacei,,,,,"Brown & Holthuis, 1998", 185089,Biarctus pumilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Biarctus,pumilus,,,,,"(Nobili, 1906)", 185022,Stereomastis talismani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,talismani,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1917)", 185023,Stereomastis surda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,surda,,,,,"(Galil, 2000)", 185090,Eduarctus pyrrhonotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,pyrrhonotus,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 185024,Enoplometopus holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,holthuisi,,,,,"Gordon, 1968", 185091,Pentacheles obscurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Pentacheles,obscurus,,,,,"Bate, 1878", 185025,Nupalirus vericeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Nupalirus,vericeli,,,,,"(Poupin, 1994)","This species is named Justita vericeli by Poupin (1994), but is now accepted as Nupalirus vericeli (Chan 2010)." 185092,Thenus unimaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Thenus,unimaculatus,,,,,"Burton & Davie, 2007", 185026,Polycheles typhlops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,typhlops,,,,,"Heller, 1862", 185093,Crenarctus bicuspidatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Crenarctus,bicuspidatus,,,,,"(de Man, 1905)", 185027,Biarctus vitiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Biarctus,vitiensis,,,,,"(Dana, 1852)",This species includes Scyllarides tumidus of Colin & Arneson (1995). 185094,Willemoesia inornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Willemoesia,inornata,,,,,"Faxon, 1893", 185028,Eduarctus perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,perspicillatus,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 185095,Scyllarus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,paradoxus,,,,,"Miers, 1881","Synonyms: Scyllarus (Arctus) arctus paradoxus (Miers, 1881)." 185029,Thaumastocheles dochmiodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Thaumastocheles,dochmiodon,,,,,"Chan & Saint Laurent, 1999", 185096,Eduarctus aesopius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Eduarctus,aesopius,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1960)", 185030,Enoplometopus callistus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,callistus,,,,,"Intès & Le Loeuff, 1970", 185031,Acantharctus ornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Acantharctus,ornatus,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1960)", 185032,Biarctus sordidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Biarctus,sordidus,,,,,"(Stimpson, 1860)", 18510,Pseudochromis pesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,pesi,,,,,"Lubbock, 1975",This species is closely related to Pseudochromis punctatus (Randall 1995) and Pseudochromis melas is a sister species (DiBattista et al. 2016). 185033,Stereomastis evexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,evexa,,,,,"(Galil, 2000)", 185034,Polycheles amemiyai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,amemiyai,,,,,"Yokoya, 1933", 185035,Bathyarctus rubens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Bathyarctus,rubens,,,,,"(Alcock & Anderson, 1894)", 185036,Stereomastis suhmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,suhmi,,,,,"(Bate, 1878)", 185037,Stereomastis pacifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,pacifica,,,,,"(Faxon, 1893)", 185038,Pentacheles laevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Pentacheles,laevis,,,,,"Bate, 1878", 185039,Scyllarus caparti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,caparti,,,,,"Holthuis, 1952", 185040,Stereomastis helleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,helleri,,,,,"(Bate, 1878)", 185041,Chelarctus aureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Chelarctus,aureus,,,,,"(Holthuis, 1963)", 185042,Scyllarus chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Scyllarus,chacei,,,,,"Holthuis, 1960","This species was split by Holthuis 1960 into S. chacei and S. americanus, as previous specimens have had some confusion between these two species." 185043,Laurentaeglyphea neocaledonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GLYPHEIDAE,Laurentaeglyphea,neocaledonica,,,,,"(Richer de Forges, 2006)", 185044,Antarctus mawsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Antarctus,mawsoni,,,,,"(Bage, 1938)", 185045,Bathyarctus formosanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Bathyarctus,formosanus,,,,,"(Chan & Yu, 1992)", 185046,Petrarctus veliger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Petrarctus,veliger,,,,,"Holthuis, 2002", 185047,Enoplometopus macrodontus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,macrodontus,,,,,"Chan & Ng, 2008", 185048,Antipodarctus aoteanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Antipodarctus,aoteanus,,,,,"(Powell, 1949)", 185049,Polycheles martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,martini,,,,,"Ahyong & Brown, 2002", 185050,Willemoesia forceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Willemoesia,forceps,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1880", 185051,Enoplometopus crosnieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,crosnieri,,,,,"Chan & Yu, 1998", 185052,Enoplometopus voigtmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,voigtmanni,,,,,"Türkay, 1989", 185053,Enoplometopus pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ENOPLOMETOPIDAE,Enoplometopus,pictus,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1862", 185054,Willemoesia leptodactyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Willemoesia,leptodactyla,,,,,"(Thomson, 1873)", 185055,Homeryon asper,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Homeryon,asper,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1906)", 185056,Thenus parindicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Thenus,parindicus,,,,,"Burton & Davie, 2007", 185063,Metanephrops taiwanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Metanephrops,taiwanicus,,,,,"(Hu, 1983)","Chan et al. (2009) recently showed that the banded and non-banded forms of Metanephrops thomsoni were widely genetically divergent. The banded (widespread) form is now treated as a distinct species and named after a recent fossil, Wongastacia taiwanica Hu, 1983 (see also Tshudy et al. 2007)." 185064,Stereomastis auriculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,auriculata,,,,,"(Bate, 1878)", 185065,Nephropsis serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephropsis,serrata,,,,,"Macpherson, 1993",This species is very similar to N. stewarti and they often occur together (Chan 1997). 185066,Polycheles coccifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,coccifer,,,,,"Galil, 2000", 185067,Polycheles tanneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,tanneri,,,,,"Faxon, 1893", 185068,Eunephrops luckhursti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Eunephrops,luckhursti,,,,,"Manning, 1997", 185069,Stereomastis galil,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Stereomastis,galil,,,,,"(Ahyong & Brown, 2002)", 185070,Petrarctus holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Petrarctus,holthuisi,,,,,"Yang, Chen & Chan, 2008", 185071,Polycheles kermadecensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POLYCHELIDAE,Polycheles,kermadecensis,,,,,"(Sund, 1920)", 18525,Pseudocotalpa giulianii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pseudocotalpa,giulianii,,,,,"Hardy, 1974", 18529,Pseudoglessula acutissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Pseudoglessula,acutissima,,,,,"Verdcourt, 1967", 18530,Pseudoglessula conradti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Pseudoglessula,conradti,,,,,"E. von Martens, 1895", 1854,Aphaostracon asthenes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aphaostracon,asthenes,,,,,"F.G. Thompson, 1968", 18542,Pseudomoraria triglavensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Pseudomoraria,triglavensis,,,,,"Brancelj, 1994", 18548,Pseudomyrmex leptosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pseudomyrmex,leptosus,,,,,"Ward, 1985", 1855,Aphaostracon monas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aphaostracon,monas,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1899)", 185661,Sphaenorhynchus mirim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,mirim,,,,,"Caramaschi, Almeida & Gasparini, 2009", 185664,Urspelerpes brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Urspelerpes,brucei,,,,,"Camp, Peterman, Milanovich, Lamb, Maerz & Wake, 2009","This is a monotypic genus (Camp et al. 2009)." 18575,Pseudoniphargus grandimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,HADZIIDAE,Pseudoniphargus,grandimanus,,,,,"Stock, Holsinger, Sket & Iliffe, 1986", 185780,Pirenella conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,POTAMIDIDAE,Pirenella,conica,,,,,"Blainville, 1829", 18579,Pelasgus stymphalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelasgus,stymphalicus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)", 185805,Haplochromis chrysogynaion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,chrysogynaion,,,,,"van Oijen, 1991", 185806,Haplochromis apogonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,apogonoides,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 185807,Haplochromis vanoijeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,vanoijeni,,,,,"de Zeeuw & Witte, 2010","There is a general agreement that the undescribed form (Haplochromis sp. nov. 'Red tridens') is a clearly circumscribed species. The formal description for this species was published in 2010 (de Zeeuw and Witte in de Zeeuw et al. 2010)." 185808,Haplochromis dolichorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,dolichorhynchus,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 185809,Haplochromis hiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,hiatus,,,,,"Hoogerhoud & Witte, 1981", 18581,Pseudophryne bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,bibronii,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 185810,Haplochromis empodisma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,empodisma,,,,,"Greenwood, 1960", 185811,Haplochromis tridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,tridens,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1928", 185812,Haplochromis tanaos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,tanaos,,,,,"van Oijen & Witte, 1996", 185813,Haplochromis vonlinnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,vonlinnei,,,,,"van Oijen & de Zeeuw, 2008", 185815,Haplochromis bwathondii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bwathondii,,,,,"Niemantsverdriet & Witte, 2010","There is a general agreement that the undescribed form (Haplochromis sp. nov. 'kribensis') is a clearly circumscribed species. The formal description for this species was published in 2010 (Neimantsverdriet and Witte in de Zeeuw et al. 2010)." 185816,Haplochromis ushindi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,ushindi,,,,,"van Oijen, 2004", 185817,Haplochromis melichrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,melichrous,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 185818,Haplochromis iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,iris,,,,,"Hoogerhoud & Witte, 1981", 185819,Haplochromis cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cinctus,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 18582,Pseudophryne corroboree,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,corroboree,,,,,"Moore, 1953", 185820,Haplochromis kujunjui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,kujunjui,,,,,"van Oijen, 1991", 185821,Haplochromis theliodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,theliodon,,,,,"Greenwood, 1960", 185823,Haplochromis coprologus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,coprologus,,,,,"Niemantsverdriet & Witte, 2010","There is a general agreement that the undescribed form (Haplochromis sp. nov. 'nigrofasciatus') is a clearly circumscribed species. The formal description for this species was published in 2010 (Niemantsverdriet and Witte in de Zeeuw et al. 2010)." 185824,Haplochromis fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,fischeri,,,,,"Seegers, 2008","Haplochromis sauvagei, Greenwood 1980 is a synonym of Haplochromis fischeri, however Haplochromis sauvagei, (Pfeffer, 1896) is a valid species. Except for very recent ones, most records for Haplochromis sauvagei refer to Haplochromis fischeri, and not Haplochromis sauvagei proper." 185825,Haplochromis melanopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,melanopus,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 185826,Haplochromis sphex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,sphex,,,,,"ter Huurne & Witte, 2010","There is a general agreement that the undescribed form (Haplochromis sp. nov. 'citrus') is a clearly circumscribed species. The formal description for this species was published in 2010 (ter Huurne and Witte in de Zeeuw et al. 2010)." 185828,Haplochromis cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cinereus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 185829,Haplochromis chlorochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,chlorochrous,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 18583,Pseudophryne australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,australis,,,,,"(Gray, 1835)", 185830,Haplochromis squamulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,squamulatus,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 185831,Haplochromis dichrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,dichrourus,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 185832,Haplochromis pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pallidus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 185833,Haplochromis teunisrasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,teunisrasi,,,,,"Witte & Witte-Maas, 1981", 185834,Haplochromis macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,macrops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 185835,Haplochromis cryptogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cryptogramma,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 185837,Haplochromis pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pellegrini,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 185838,Haplochromis plutonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,plutonius,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 185839,Haplochromis parvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,parvidens,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 185840,Haplochromis argens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,argens,,,,,"de Zeeuw, Westbroek & Witte, 2013", 185842,Haplochromis cronus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cronus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1959", 185843,Haplochromis obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,obesus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 185844,Haplochromis bareli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bareli,,,,,"van Oijen, 1991", 185845,Haplochromis laparogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,laparogramma,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 185846,Haplochromis antleter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,antleter,,,,,"Mietes & Witte, 2010","There is a general agreement that the undescribed form (Haplochromis sp. nov. 'Dusky Wine-red Fin') is a clearly circumscribed species. The formal description of this species was published in 2010 (Meites and Witte in Zeeuw et al. 2010)." 185847,Haplochromis maisomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,maisomei,,,,,"van Oijen, 1991", 185848,Haplochromis eutaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,eutaenia,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1928", 185849,Haplochromis cnester,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cnester,,,,,"Witte & Witte-Maas, 1981", 185850,Haplochromis katunzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,katunzii,,,,,"ter Huurne & Witte, 2010","There is a general agreement that the undescribed form (Haplochromis sp. nov. '75') is a clearly circumscribed species. The formal description of this species was published in 2010 (ter Huurne and Witte in de Zeeuw et al. 2010)." 185851,Haplochromis altigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,altigenis,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 185852,Haplochromis diplotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,diplotaenia,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1928", 185853,Haplochromis tyrianthinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,tyrianthinus,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 185855,Haplochromis sulphureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,sulphureus,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 185856,Haplochromis lacrimosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,lacrimosus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 185857,Haplochromis thereuterion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,thereuterion,,,,,"van Oijen & Witte, 1996", 185858,Haplochromis pancitrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pancitrinus,,,,,"Mietes & Witte, 2010","There is a general agreement that the undescribed form (Haplochromis sp. nov. 'Yellow') is a clearly circumscribed species. The formal description for this species was published in 2010 (Mietes and Witte in de Zeeuw et al. 2010)." 185859,Haplochromis ptistes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,ptistes,,,,,"Greenwood & Barel, 1978", 185860,Haplochromis pyrrhopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pyrrhopteryx,,,,,"van Oijen, 1991", 185861,Haplochromis humilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,humilior,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 185862,Haplochromis erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,erythrocephalus,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 186106,Acantholabrus palloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Acantholabrus,palloni,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 18605,Pseudotricula eberhardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Pseudotricula,eberhardi,,,,,"Ponder, 1992", 186071,Betadevario ramachandrani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Betadevario,ramachandrani,,,,,"Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander, 2010","Betadevario ramachandrani is a recently described species by Pramod et al. (2010) from in the upper Sita River drainage in Karnataka, India." 186072,Glyptothorax malabarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,malabarensis,,,,,Gopi 2010,"Glyptothorax malabarensis is a recently described species from hill stream of Valappattanam River drainage of Kerala, India (Gopi 2010)." 186159,Raorchestes chlorosomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,chlorosomma,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 186163,Raorchestes kaikatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,kaikatti,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 186165,Raorchestes marki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,marki,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 18650,Psychomastax deserticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUMASTACIDAE,Psychomastax,deserticola,,,,,"Hebard, 1934", 1866,Aplochiton marinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Aplochiton,marinus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928","Aplochiton marinus was synonymized with A. taeniatus (Fowler 1945, McDowall 1971, McDowall and Nakaya 1987) but Dyer (2000) regards it as a potentially good species. Aló et al. (2013) identified A. marinus unambiguously (100% accuracy) both from the genetic and morphological viewpoints." 187351,Cattania kattingeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,kattingeri,,,,,"(Knipper, 1941)", 187352,Cattania rumelica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,rumelica,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)","According to P. Subai (pers. comm. 2010) C. renschi is the synonym of C. rumelica." 187354,Eubrephulus peloponnesicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Eubrephulus,peloponnesicus,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger, 1984)","Previously in genus Chondrula, the species was then placed in genus Mastus, and subsequently placed in genus Eubrephulus A.J. Wagner, 1928 (MolluscaBase 2022)." 187355,Monacha aniliensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,aniliensis,,,,,"Reischuetz & Sattmann, 1990", 187356,Orculella astirakiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,astirakiensis,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187357,Orculella creantirudis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,creantirudis,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187358,Orculella creticostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,creticostata,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187359,Orculella cretilasithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,cretilasithi,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187360,Orculella cretimaxima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,cretimaxima,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187361,Orculella cretiminuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,cretiminuta,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187362,Orculella cretioreina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,cretioreina,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187363,Orculella diensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,diensis,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187364,Orculella fodela,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,fodela,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187365,Orculella franciscoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,franciscoi,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187366,Orculella scalaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,scalaris,,,,,"Gittenberger & Hausdorf, 2004", 187367,Codringtonia eucineta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Codringtonia,eucineta,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1857)", 187368,Bodianus dictynna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,dictynna,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Bodianus dictynna was long thought to be conspecific with B. diana but the two are separable on colour pattern (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187369,Choerodon gomoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,gomoni,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 2002", 187370,Halichoeres pardaleocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,pardaleocephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 187371,Choerodon margaritiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,margaritiferus,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928", 187372,Coris nigrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,nigrotaenia,,,,,"Mee & Hare, 1995", 187373,Hemigymnus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hemigymnus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)",Hemigymnus sexfasciatus is almost certainly a valid Red Sea endemic and sister species of H. fasciatus (Kuiter 2002). Color differences are significant and consistent and Kuiter's color photos make a convincing argument. H. sexfaciatus is not recognized by Parenti and Randall (2000) (J.H. Choat pers. comm.. 2008). A detailed comparison of specimens and genetic material is needed (R. Myers pers. comm.. 2008). 187374,Bodianus tanyokidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,tanyokidus,,,,,"Gomon & Madden, 1981",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon and Madden (1981) and Gomon (2006). 187375,Leptojulis lambdastigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Leptojulis,lambdastigma,,,,,"Randall & Ferraris, 1981", 187376,Xyrichtys rajagopalani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,rajagopalani,,,,,"Venkataramanujam, Venkataramani & Ramanathan, 1987",Xyrichtys rajapolani and Xyrichtys javanicus probably belong in the genus Iniistius based on Randall narrowly defining the Indo-Pacific Xyrichtys to a few species allied to X. woodi (R. Myers pers. comm.. 2008). 187377,Thalassoma sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)","Thalassoma sanctahelenae and T. ascensionis have previously been regarded by some authors as being synonymous (Gomon and Forsyth 1990), but they are in fact good species, as confirmed by the genetic studies of Bernardi et al. (2004) and Castagliola et al. (2004)." 187378,Bodianus opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,opercularis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1847)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187379,Coris variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,variegata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)",This name has been wrongly used in the past for the Indo-West Pacific species C. batuensis (D. Pollard pers. comm.. 2008). 187380,Iniistius cyanifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,cyanifrons,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187381,Thalassoma lunare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,lunare,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","According to Parenti and Randall (2000), Julis ventralis (De Vis 1885), was determined by Paolo Parenti and Jeff Johnson of the Queensland Museum, and Thalassoma cupido bipunctatum (Vasiliu 1931) is a sub-adult of Thalassoma lunare." 187382,Halichoeres marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,marginatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835","This widespread species may consist of Indian and Pacific Ocean sister species. Although Parenti and Randall (2000) list this as a single species extending from the Red Sea to the central Pacific, Kuiter (2002) reserves the name marginatus for the Red Sea population of this species and identified the Indian and Pacific Ocean populations as Halichoeres lamarii and further suggests that the Pacific Ocean populations are Halichoeres annularis. Barber and Bellwood (2005) use molecular evidence to show that there are two clades in this species, Indian and Pacific Ocean, but did not discuss the Red Sea populations. No formal taxonomic resolution has been published." 187383,Cheilio inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilio,inermis,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 187384,Cheilinus chlorourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,chlorourus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 187385,Pseudolabrus sieboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,sieboldi,,,,,"Mabuchi & Nakabo, 1997","For taxonomic treatment see Mabuchi and Nakabo (1997). This species has in part previously been identified as Pseudolabrus japonicus, a species now regarded as a nomen dubium by Mabuchi and Nakabo (1997). It is closely related and confused with P. eoethinus (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008)." 187386,Coris marquesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,marquesensis,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187387,Parajulis poecilepterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Parajulis,poecilepterus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","Halichoeres poecilopterus has often been used in literature in Japan, such as Kinoshita (1936), Okada (1962), Fukui et al. (1991), Kimura and Kiriyama (1992), Kobayashi and Suzuki (1994) and Miyake et al. (2008).

Parenti and Randall (2000) stated that Parajulis is a distinct genus from Halichoeres, although this has not been always followed by other authors." 187388,Macropharyngodon choati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,choati,,,,,"Randall, 1978", 187389,Cirrhilabrus tonozukai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,tonozukai,,,,,"Allen & Kuiter, 1999", 187390,Suezichthys caudavittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,caudavittatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1898)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1985). 187391,Bodianus thoracotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,thoracotaeniatus,,,,,"Yamamoto, 1982",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187392,Coris bulbifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,bulbifrons,,,,,"Randall & Kuiter, 1982",This species has in the past been commonly confused with and previously referred to as C. aygula in Australian waters (Randall and Kuiter 1982). It was also referred to as C. cyaena by Whitley (1937) and others. 187393,Paracheilinus mccoskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,mccoskeri,,,,,"Randall & Harmelin-Vivien, 1977", 187394,Coris pictoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,pictoides,,,,,"Randall & Kuiter, 1982", 187395,Iniistius aneitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,aneitensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187396,Labroides dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labroides,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187397,Labrus mixtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labrus,mixtus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This species was previously known as Labrus bimaculatus, e.g. in Golani et al. 2006 (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008)." 187398,Labrus bergylta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labrus,bergylta,,,,,"Ascanius, 1767",Some records of this species from the Mediterranean Sea may have been misidentifications of Labrus viridis (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008). 187399,Iniistius umbrilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,umbrilatus,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1901)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187400,Choerodon vitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,vitta,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910", 187401,Halichoeres dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1831)","This species was previously identified as H. cyanocephalus, but recent genetic research revealed that Brazilian populations belong to a valid species now recognized as H. dimidiatus (Rocha 2004)." 187402,Iniistius evides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,evides,,,,,"(Jordan & Richardson, 1909)","This species was previously regarded as a synonym of Iniistius baldwini, but is now regarded as a separate species by (Randall and Jonsson 2008)." 187403,Paracheilinus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,filamentosus,,,,,"Allen, 1974",Hybrids with congeners are common for this species (Kuiter 2002). 187404,Bodianus albotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,albotaeniatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Gomon and Randall (1978) recognized B. albotaeniatus as a subspecies of B. bilunulatus but Gomon (2006) regarded it as a separate species (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187405,Halichoeres caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,caudalis,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 187406,Hologymnosus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hologymnosus,longipes,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 187407,Wetmorella nigropinnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Wetmorella,nigropinnata,,,,,"(Seale, 1901)", 187408,Xyrichtys woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,woodi,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1901)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187409,Ophthalmolepis lineolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Ophthalmolepis,lineolata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187410,Cirrhilabrus marjorie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,marjorie,,,,,"Allen, Randall & Carlson, 2003", 187411,Iniistius pentadactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,pentadactylus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187412,Iniistius trivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,trivittatus,,,,,"(Randall & Cornish, 2000)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187413,Paracheilinus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,attenuatus,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187414,Macropharyngodon kuiteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,kuiteri,,,,,"Randall, 1978", 187415,Cirrhilabrus earlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,earlei,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 2001", 187416,Macropharyngodon bipartitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,bipartitus,,,,,"Smith, 1957",The subspecies Macropharyngodon bipartatus marisrubri Randall (1978) known in the Gulf of Aqaba (western Indian Ocean) has been synonymized with M. bipartatus (Parenti and Randall 2000). 187417,Coris batuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,batuensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)",This species was formerly regarded as Coris variegata (Ruppel) prior to the 1990’s. C. variegata is now considered endemic to the Red Sea. 187418,Thalassoma pavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,pavo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","From Senegal southwards along the west African coast, this species is probably replaced by a separate species, Thalassoma newtoni." 187419,Choerodon zamboangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,zamboangae,,,,,"(Seale & Bean, 1907)","This species is possibly misidentified as the male of Choerodon robustus (Lieske and Myers 1994). However, this seems unlikely as C. robustus has a mostly east African distribution, although it is also thought to be present in Japan and Indonesia (see C. robustus Red List assessment) (Parenti and Randall 2000)." 187420,Bodianus busellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,busellatus,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187421,Paracheilinus walton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,walton,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2006", 187422,Thalassoma loxum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,loxum,,,,,"Randall & Mee, 1994",This species belongs in a sub-clade together with Thalossoma cupido and T. trilobatum in the Indo-Pacific region (Bernardi et al. 2004). 187423,Oxycheilinus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,orientalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",This species may be a senior synonym of Oxycheilinus rhodochrous (Randall and Khalaf 2003). 187424,Stethojulis bandanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,bandanensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 187425,Conniella apterygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Conniella,apterygia,,,,,"Allen, 1983",For taxonomic treatment see Allen (1983). 187426,Notolabrus tetricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Notolabrus,tetricus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1840)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187427,Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,bathyphilus,,,,,"Randall & Nagareda, 2002","Cirrhilabrus bruguieri (Randall, 2004) does not appear to have been published in the literature. It is possibly the same species as C. bathyphilus (R. Myers, pers. comm.. 2008)""." 187428,Halichoeres leucoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,leucoxanthus,,,,,"Randall & Smith, 1982",There is a very similar undescribed species in the Central Pacific (J.H.Choat pers. comm. 2009) 187429,Bodianus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,sanguineus,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1903)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187430,Choerodon cephalotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,cephalotes,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1875)", 187431,Pteragogus cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pteragogus,cryptus,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187432,Halichoeres bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,bleekeri,,,,,"(Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887)",Halichoeres tenuispinis is misapplied. 187433,Pteragogus aurigarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pteragogus,aurigarius,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)", 187434,Stethojulis marquesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,marquesensis,,,,,"Randall, 2000", 187436,Coris gaimard,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,gaimard,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",This species is replaced by Coris cuvieri in most parts of the Indian Ocean (D. Pollard pers. comm.. 2009). 187437,Minilabrus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Minilabrus,striatus,,,,,"Randall & Dor, 1980", 187438,Halichoeres prosopeion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,prosopeion,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 187439,Cirrhilabrus laboutei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,laboutei,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1982", 187440,Cirrhilabrus condei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,condei,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1996", 187441,Novaculichthys taeniourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Novaculichthys,taeniourus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 187442,Pseudolabrus eoethinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,eoethinus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)","For taxonomic treatment see Mabuchi and Nakabo (1997). This species has in part been previously identified as Pseudolabrus japonicus, regarded as a nomen dubium by Mabuchi and Nakabo (1997). It is closely related and confused with P. sieboldi (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008)." 187443,Halichoeres margaritaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,margaritaceus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187444,Halichoeres pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,pictus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 187445,Bodianus neopercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,neopercularis,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). This species was previously misidentified as B. opercularis (Myers 1999) (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187446,Thalassoma cupido,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,cupido,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)", 187447,Cirrhilabrus jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,jordani,,,,,"Snyder, 1904", 187448,Tautogolabrus adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Tautogolabrus,adspersus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","Tautogolabrus brandaonis is a synonym of T. adspersus. The record from Brazil is erroneous (P. Parenti pers. Comm. In Eschmeyer 2007, R. Moura pers. comm. 2008)." 187449,Wetmorella tanakai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Wetmorella,tanakai,,,,,"Randall & Kuiter, 2007", 187450,Coris dorsomacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,dorsomacula,,,,,"Fowler, 1908", 187451,Halichoeres argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,argus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 187452,Cirrhilabrus katherinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,katherinae,,,,,"Randall, 1992", 187453,Anampses elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,elegans,,,,,"Ogilby, 1889", 187454,Halichoeres scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,scapularis,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)", 187456,Doratonotus megalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Doratonotus,megalepis,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 187457,Dotalabrus aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Dotalabrus,aurantiacus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1872)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187458,Cheilinus quinquecinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,quinquecinctus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835","This species was formerly lumped with Cheilinus fasciatus. The true fasciatus does not occur in the North Red Sea. Populations of C. fasciatus recorded from the Gulf of Aden, Socotra and NE Somalia are probably C. quinquecinctus, but this needs to be researched." 187459,Suezichthys cyanolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,cyanolaemus,,,,,"Russell, 1985",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1985). Records of Suezichthys notatus from NW Australia probably are of this species (Kuiter 2002). 187460,Cirrhilabrus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,brunneus,,,,,"Allen, 2006",This species is closely related to C. lunatus and females look almost identical. 187461,Cirrhilabrus exquisitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,exquisitus,,,,,"Smith, 1957",This species lilkely represents a complex of undescribed species (Kuiter 2002). 187462,Pseudojuloides mesostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,mesostigma,,,,,"Randall & Randall, 1981", 187463,Leptojulis urostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Leptojulis,urostigma,,,,,"Randall, 1996", 187464,Thalassoma newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,newtoni,,,,,"(Osório, 1891)","This species has in the past been confused with Thalassoma pavo, which occurs off the West African coast to the north of the Gulf of Guinea and in the Mediterranean Sea, and to which it is closely related (Bernardi et al. 2004, Costagliola et al. 2004). It has also been confused with the even more closely related insular species T. ascensionis as it was identified as such around Sao Tome Principe by Afonso et al. (1999)." 187465,Halichoeres stigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,stigmaticus,,,,,"Randall & Smith, 1982", 187466,Oxycheilinus digramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,digramma,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)",This species is also known as Oxycheilnus digrammus (Eschmeyer and Fricke 2009). 187467,Halichoeres cosmetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,cosmetus,,,,,"Randall & Smith, 1982", 187468,Pseudolabrus semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,semifasciatus,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1921)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187469,Xyrichtys koteamea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,koteamea,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 2004","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187470,Halichoeres tenuispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,tenuispinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","According to Randall (1999), Halochoeres bleekeri and H. tenuispinis are separate species. However, it is difficult to interpret survey data on this species previous to this change." 187471,Choerodon gymnogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,gymnogenys,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 187472,Pseudocoris bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocoris,bleekeri,,,,,"(Hubrecht, 1876)", 187473,Halichoeres vrolikii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,vrolikii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)",Halochoeres chrysotaenia is considered to be the senior synonym of H. vrolikii (Kuiter 2002). Based on type locality (Java) and photographs taken there (R. Myers pers. comm.. 2008). This needs to be checked for its relationship with H. richmondi and H. melanurus. 187474,Halichoeres trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,trimaculatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)", 187475,Symphodus mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,mediterraneus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 187476,Hemigymnus melapterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hemigymnus,melapterus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 187477,Pseudocheilinus hexataenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinus,hexataenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 187478,Halichoeres leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,leucurus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","Although Halichoeres purpurescens has often been recognized as valid, we follow de Beaufort (1940) in regarding it as a synonym of H. leucurus. Labrus leucurus and Anampses moniliger are based on the figure and description of Seba (1761: 95 pl. 31) (Parenti and Randall 2008)." 187479,Tautoga onitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Tautoga,onitis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 187480,Pseudojuloides elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,elongatus,,,,,"Ayling & Russell, 1977",For taxonomic treatment see Ayling and Russell (1977) and Randall and Randall (1981). Kuiter (2002) suggests Japanese specimens may be distinct (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187481,Pseudolabrus miles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,miles,,,,,"(Schneider & Forster, 1801)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187482,Halichoeres bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,bivittatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 187483,Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,melanomarginatus,,,,,"Randall & Shen, 1978", 187484,Cirrhilabrus solorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,solorensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 187485,Suezichthys notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,notatus,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1958)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1985). Record of this species from NW Australia may be Suezichthys cyanolaemus (Kuiter 2002). 187486,Thalassoma septemfasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,septemfasciatum,,,,,"Scott, 1959",This species is closely related to Thalassoma bailleui (Bernardi et al. 2004). 187487,Iniistius javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,javanicus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1862)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens.

This species was formerly valid as Xyrichtys javanicus, its current status is Iniistius javanicus (Bleeker 1862) (Allen and Adrim 2003)." 187488,Choerodon graphicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,graphicus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1885)", 187489,Stethojulis strigiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,strigiventer,,,,,"(Bennett, 1833)", 187490,Thalassoma amblycephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,amblycephalum,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 187491,Austrolabrus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Austrolabrus,maculatus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1881)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988) 187493,Bodianus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,speciosus,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187494,Paracheilinus cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,cyaneus,,,,,"Kuiter & Allen, 1999", 187495,Bodianus scrofa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,scrofa,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187496,Cheilinus abudjubbe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,abudjubbe,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 187497,Labropsis xanthonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labropsis,xanthonota,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187498,Coris ballieui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,ballieui,,,,,"Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875", 187499,Choerodon zosterophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,zosterophorus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1868)", 187500,Thalassoma heiseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,heiseri,,,,,"Randall & Edwards, 1984", 187501,Cirrhilabrus aurantidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,aurantidorsalis,,,,,"Allen & Kuiter, 1999", 187502,Cirrhilabrus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,randalli,,,,,"Allen, 1995", 187503,Pseudojuloides argyreogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,argyreogaster,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)",For taxonomic treatment see Randall and Randall (1981). 187504,Stethojulis maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,maculata,,,,,"Schmidt, 1931", 187505,Cirrhilabrus flavidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,flavidorsalis,,,,,"Randall & Carpenter, 1980", 187506,Bodianus frenchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,frenchii,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). There is confusion with B. vulpinus in New Zealand and probably New South Wales in eastern Austailia. 187507,Halichoeres richmondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,richmondi,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928", 187508,Pseudolabrus torotai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,torotai,,,,,"Russell & Randall, 1981",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187509,Bodianus solatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,solatus,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Bodianus solatus has been confused with B. perditio in the literature (B. Russell pers. comm.). 187510,Nelabrichthys ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Nelabrichthys,ornatus,,,,,"(Carmichael, 1819)","For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1983). Kuiter (2002) has assigned this species to the genus Suezichthys. Pending further revision, it is retained here in the genus Nelabrichthys (B.Russell, pers. Comm. 2008)." 187511,Choerodon fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,fasciatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)",C. balarensis has been synonymized with this species (Parenti and Randall 2000). 187512,Halichoeres cyanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,cyanocephalus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)","This species was thought to occur South to Brazil, but genetic research revealed that Brazilian populations belong to a different species (Rocha 2004)." 187513,Anchichoerops natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anchichoerops,natalensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909)", 187514,Paracheilinus carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,carpenteri,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1981",Records from Indonesia may represent a hybrid of this species (Kuiter 2002). 187515,Halichoeres podostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,podostigma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 187516,Bodianus axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,axillaris,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). This species is one of the most widely ranging species in the genus. 187517,Diproctacanthus xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Diproctacanthus,xanthurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 187518,Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,luteovittatus,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 187519,Pictilabrus laticlavius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pictilabrus,laticlavius,,,,,"(Richardson, 1840)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187520,Achoerodus gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Achoerodus,gouldii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1843)","There have been problems arising from earlier records of distribution and management of this species in southern Australia due to confusion with A. viridis up until 30 years ago. Earlier records of large size of A. viridis in South Australia (Scott et al. 1974) refer to A. gouldii as does management aspects of Achoerodus in the Spencer Gulf (J.H. Choat pers. comm.. 2008)." 187521,Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,hemitaeniatus,,,,,"Randall & Harmelin-Vivien, 1977", 187522,Symphodus bailloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,bailloni,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187523,Oxycheilinus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 187524,Thalassoma rueppellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,rueppellii,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)","This species appears to hybridise with Thalassoma lunare (Randall and Miroz 2001). Thalassoma rueppelli is closely related to T. duperreyi, T. genivittatum, and T. lutescens in the Indo-Pacific region (Bernardi et al. 2004)." 187525,Terelabrus rubrovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Terelabrus,rubrovittatus,,,,,"Randall & Fourmanoir, 1998", 187526,Larabicus quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Larabicus,quadrilineatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 187527,Hologymnosus doliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hologymnosus,doliatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 187528,Bodianus paraleucosticticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,paraleucosticticus,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187529,Choerodon frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,frenatus,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910", 187530,Cymolutes torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cymolutes,torquatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 187531,Halichoeres raisneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,raisneri,,,,,"Baldwin & McCosker, 2001", 187532,Coris atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,atlantica,,,,,"Günther, 1862",This species has in the past been confused with the more northerly species Coris julis (D. Pollard pers. comm.. 2008). 187533,Pseudolabrus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,guentheri,,,,,"Bleeker, 1862", 187534,Halichoeres zeylonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,zeylonicus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1833)",This species is closley related to Halochoeres hartzfeldi. Records of H. zeylonicus in the Pacific probably refer to H. hartzfeldi. 187535,Notolabrus parilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Notolabrus,parilus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1850)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187536,Gomphosus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Gomphosus,varius,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801",A hybrid between Gomphosus varius x T. Lunare was found in Solomon Islands (Allen 2006). 187537,Halichoeres orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,orientalis,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187538,Cirrhilabrus roseafascia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,roseafascia,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1982", 187539,Iniistius twistii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,twistii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187540,Paracheilinus piscilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,piscilineatus,,,,,"(Cornic, 1987)", 187541,Labrus merula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labrus,merula,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 187542,Pseudolabrus biserialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,biserialis,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1880)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988) 187543,Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,cenderawasih,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2006", 187544,Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,cyanopleura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 187545,Halichoeres timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,timorensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Male Halichoeres nebulosus and Halichoeres margaritaceus have often been misidentified as Halichoeres kawarin, which may be responsible for attributing a greater range to this species." 187546,Clepticus parrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Clepticus,parrae,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 187547,Pseudocoris yamashiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocoris,yamashiroi,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1931)",Population in the Maldives may represent a distinct species (Kuiter 2002). 187548,Halichoeres nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,nebulosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)",This species is similar to Halichoeres margaritaceus. 187549,Halichoeres maculipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,maculipinna,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1848)","This species was thought to occur along the Brazilian coast, but recent genetic research revealed that coastal Brazilian populations belong to a different species (Rocha 2004).

Several endemic species of the Brazilian province have been taxonomically revised and are now validated as Halichoeres penrosei (previously recorded as H. maculipinna) (Pinherio et al. 2009).

H. maculipinna  is closer to Thalassoma than to any other Halichoeres (Rocha et al. 2010)

" 187550,Lappanella guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Lappanella,guineensis,,,,,"Bauchot, 1969", 187551,Hemigymnus sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hemigymnus,sexfasciatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)","Although this species was described in 1835 it was not recognised as a separate species from Halochoeres fasciatus until recently (Kuiter 2002). This species is not recognised by Parenti and Randall (2000).

It was formerly lumped with H. fasciatus, which does not seem to occur in the Red Sea (Kuiter 2002). The true H. fasciatus occurs from Oman and East Africa to the Pitcairn Group of Polynesia. Populations from the Gulf of Aden and Socotra need to be investigated. Halochoeres sexfasciatus differs from H. fasciatus in color pattern, but differences in morphology and genetics have not been investigated." 187552,Paracheilinus octotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,octotaenia,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1955", 187553,Bodianus vulpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,vulpinus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1850)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). This species was previously confused with Bodianus frenchii and B. unimaculatus (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187554,Bodianus bilunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,bilunulatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Bodianus bilunulatus has long been confused with three other closely related species with which it is broadly sympatric: B. loxozonus, B. macrourus and B. perditio (Gomon 2006)." 187555,Anampses chrysocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,chrysocephalus,,,,,"Randall, 1958", 187556,Wetmorella albofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Wetmorella,albofasciata,,,,,"Schultz & Marshall, 1954", 187557,Pictilabrus brauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pictilabrus,brauni,,,,,"Hutchins & Morrison, 1996",Similarities with juveniles of other of members of the genus may have masked the true distribution of this species (Hutchins and Morrison 1996). 187558,Suezichthys devisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,devisi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1941)","For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1985). Following Kuiter (2002) Suezichthys devisi, previously included as a synonym of S. gracilis, is here provisionally recognised as distinct (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008)." 187559,Thalassoma hardwicke,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,hardwicke,,,,,"(Bennett, 1830)", 187560,Paracheilinus lineopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,lineopunctatus,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1981", 187561,Halichoeres solorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,solorensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 187562,Suezichthys gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,gracilis,,,,,"(Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887)","For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1985). Following Kuiter (2002) Suezichthys devisi from eastern Australia, previously included as a synonym of S. gracilis, is here provisionally recognised as distinct (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008)." 187563,Stethojulis interrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,interrupta,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 187564,Halichoeres melasmapomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,melasmapomus,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187565,Halichoeres biocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,biocellatus,,,,,"Schultz, 1960", 187566,Notolabrus cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Notolabrus,cinctus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1877)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187567,Anampses lennardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,lennardi,,,,,"Scott, 1959", 187568,Choerodon oligacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,oligacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 187569,Gomphosus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Gomphosus,caeruleus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 187570,Bodianus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,pulchellus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187571,Bodianus prognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,prognathus,,,,,"Lobel, 1981",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Bodianus prognathus may represent a relatively recent divergence resulting from the isolation of a small population of the ancestral form common to B. dictynna (Gomon 2006). 187572,Achoerodus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Achoerodus,viridis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)","Identified first as Heterochoerops viridis (Steindachner 1866). A. viridis is considered to be a sibling species of A. gouldii and the two have been generally grouped together as A. gouldii in most of the literature until only fairly recently, i.e ~35 years or so ago (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008)." 187574,Suezichthys soelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,soelae,,,,,"Russell, 1985",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1985). Kuiter (2002) regards Japanese specimens of Suezichthys soelae as a possible new species (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187575,Labroides pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labroides,pectoralis,,,,,"Randall & Springer, 1975", 187576,Bodianus sepiacaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,sepiacaudus,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187577,Oxycheilinus nigromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,nigromarginatus,,,,,"Randall, Westneat & Gomon, 2003", 187578,Choerodon anchorago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,anchorago,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 187579,Clepticus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Clepticus,africanus,,,,,"Heiser, Moura & Robertson, 2000",This species was recently described in Heiser et al. (2000). 187580,Cirrhilabrus pylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,pylei,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1996", 187581,Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,rubrisquamis,,,,,"Randall & Emery, 1983", 187582,Eupetrichthys angustipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Eupetrichthys,angustipes,,,,,"Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187583,Bodianus cylindriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,cylindriatus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1930)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187584,Halichoeres poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,poeyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 187585,Halichoeres signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,signifer,,,,,"Randall & Earle, 1994", 187586,Pseudojuloides atavai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,atavai,,,,,"Randall & Randall, 1981","This species may consitute two species - the one in the northern hemisphere is yet to be described, and the one in the south will retain the name P. atavai (R. Myers pers. Comm. 2008)." 187587,Bodianus diana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,diana,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Bodianus diana closely resembles B. dictynna and B. prognathus, having long been considered to be conspecific with the former (Gomon 2006)." 187588,Suezichthys aylingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,aylingi,,,,,"Russell, 1985", 187589,Halichoeres iridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,iridis,,,,,"Randall & Smith, 1982", 187590,Cirrhilabrus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,sanguineus,,,,,"Cornic, 1987", 187591,Pseudolabrus fuentesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,fuentesi,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187592,Iniistius auropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,auropunctatus,,,,,"Randall, Earle & Robertson, 2002","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187593,Choerodon paynei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,paynei,,,,,"Whitley, 1945", 187594,Pseudocheilinops ataenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinops,ataenia,,,,,"Schultz, 1960", 187596,Cirrhilabrus balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,balteatus,,,,,"Randall, 1988",Females are nearly identical to C. luteovittatus. 187597,Bodianus rubrisos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,rubrisos,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187598,Halichoeres bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,bicolor,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 187599,Cirrhilabrus scottorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,scottorum,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 1989", 187600,Halichoeres nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,nigrescens,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Halochoeres kneri, H. exornatus, H. dussumieri, and H. javanicus are all synonyms of H. nigrescens. However, there are one or two new species that have been misidentified as H. exornatus (Allen in progress) and H. javanicus (R. Myers pers. comm.. 2008)." 187601,Thalassoma ballieui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,ballieui,,,,,"(Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875)", 187602,Coris flavovittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,flavovittata,,,,,"(Bennett, 1828)", 187603,Coris roseoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,roseoviridis,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187604,Pteragogus enneacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pteragogus,enneacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 187605,Xyrichtys sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",This species was observed at both St. Helena and Ascension Islands. It is unclear if the Ascension Island species is a conspecific. Molecular data are required (J.H. Choat pers. comm.. 2008). 187606,Cirrhilabrus walshi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,walshi,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 2001", 187607,Pseudojuloides erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,erythrops,,,,,"Randall & Randall, 1981", 187609,Cirrhilabrus lubbocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,lubbocki,,,,,"Randall & Carpenter, 1980", 187610,Iniistius celebicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,celebicus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187611,Pseudocoris ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocoris,ocellata,,,,,"Chen & Shao, 1995", 187612,Choerodon jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,jordani,,,,,"(Snyder, 1908)", 187614,Cirrhilabrus lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,lunatus,,,,,"Randall & Masuda, 1991", 187615,Decodon grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Decodon,grandisquamis,,,,,"(Smith, 1968)", 187616,Halichoeres pelicieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,pelicieri,,,,,"Randall & Smith, 1982", 187617,Thalassoma genivittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,genivittatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)",This species is very similar in appearance to T. hebraicum. 187618,Cheilinus lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,lunulatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 187619,Bodianus bathycapros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,bathycapros,,,,,"Gomon, 2006",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Previously identified as Verreo oxycephalus (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187620,Labropsis manabei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labropsis,manabei,,,,,"Schmidt, 1931", 187621,Pseudocheilinus octotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinus,octotaenia,,,,,"Jenkins, 1901", 187622,Epibulus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Epibulus,brevis,,,,,"Carlson, Randall & Dawson, 2008","This is a new species of Epibulus similar to the more common and wide ranging E. insidiator, with which it has been previously confused (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008)." 187623,Iniistius dea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,dea,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187624,Halichoeres chrysus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,chrysus,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187625,Pteragogus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pteragogus,guttatus,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1928)", 187626,Pseudojuloides cerasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,cerasinus,,,,,"(Snyder, 1904)",For taxonomic treatment see Ayling and Russell (1977) and Randall and Randall (1981). Kuiter (2002) suggests W. Indian Ocean specimens may be distinct (B. Russell pers. comm. 2008). This species previously appeared on the Red List under the mis-spelling Pseudojuloides ceracinus. 187627,Hologymnosus rhodonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hologymnosus,rhodonotus,,,,,"Randall & Yamakawa, 1988", 187628,Coris debueni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,debueni,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187629,Xyrichtys pastellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,pastellus,,,,,"Randall, Earle & Rocha, 2008","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187630,Pictilabrus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pictilabrus,viridis,,,,,"Russell, 1988",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187631,Labrichthys unilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labrichthys,unilineatus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1847)", 187632,Stethojulis albovittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,albovittata,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","Labrus albovittatus (Bonnaterre 1788) is the original combination of genus and species name (Froese and Pauly 2009, Catalogue of Life 2009)" 187633,Notolabrus gymnogenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Notolabrus,gymnogenis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187634,Halichoeres miniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,miniatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187635,Paracheilinus flavianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,flavianalis,,,,,"Kuiter & Allen, 1999", 187636,Cirrhilabrus temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,temminckii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853",This species lilkely represents a complex of undescribed species (Kuiter 2002). 187638,Bodianus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,bimaculatus,,,,,"Allen, 1973",For taxonomic treatment see Allen (1973) and Gomon (2006). 187639,Anampses lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,lineatus,,,,,"Randall, 1972","A. lineatus was recognised in 1972 by Randall. Prior to this, was identified as A. melanurus and earlier records probably confuse these two taxa. This has affected the distribution records especially in the eastern Indian Ocean." 187640,Coris cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,cuvieri,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)",C. cuvier is often listed as C. africana. 187641,Pseudolabrus mortonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,mortonii,,,,,"(Johnston, 1885)","This species was previously recognised as Pseudolabrus psittaculus (Richardson) by Russell (1988), but Parenti and Randall (2000) pointed out that the name Labrus psittacula (Richardson 1830) is preoccupied by Labrus psittaculus Lacepede 1801 [= Halichoeres bivittaus (Bloch)] and referred Richardson’s species to the synonomy of Pseudolabrus rubicundus (Macleay 1881) which they regarded as the next available name. Allen et al (200X), however, in the most recent Catalogue of Australian Fishes placed Labrichthys rubicundus as incertae cedis, stating “ this name is at best a nomen dubium, as the species does not occur in Western Australia, and the description is not consistent with this south-eastern Australian species.” The next available name is Labrichthys mortonii Johnston (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008)." 187642,Pseudocoris aurantiofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocoris,aurantiofasciata,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1971", 187643,Bodianus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,insularis,,,,,"Gomon & Lubbock, 1980",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187644,Cirrhilabrus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,lanceolatus,,,,,"Randall & Masuda, 1991", 187645,Pseudojuloides severnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,severnsi,,,,,"Bellwood & Randall, 2000", 187646,Bodianus mesothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,mesothorax,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187647,Choerodon melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,melanostigma,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928", 187648,Bodianus macrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,macrourus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Records outside the distribution area indicated on the map appear to be based on specimens of B. bilunulatus, B. loxozonus or B. perditio (Gomon 2006)." 187649,Cheilinus oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,oxycephalus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 187650,Bodianus flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,flavipinnis,,,,,"Gomon, 2001",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187651,Pteragogus pelycus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pteragogus,pelycus,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187652,Thalassoma bifasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,bifasciatum,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 187653,Symphodus roissali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,roissali,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 187654,Labrus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labrus,viridis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 187655,Iniistius melanopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,melanopus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187656,Paracheilinus angulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,angulatus,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1981", 187657,Iniistius griffithsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,griffithsi,,,,,"Randall, 2007","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187658,Pseudocheilinus evanidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinus,evanidus,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 187659,Coris hewetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,hewetti,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 18766,Pteropus vampyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,vampyrus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 187660,Iniistius geisha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,geisha,,,,,"(Araga & Yoshino, 1986)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187661,Bodianus neilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,neilli,,,,,"(Day, 1867)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). This species has been confused with Bodianus axillaris and evidently replaces this species in India and Sri Lanka (Gomon 2006). 187662,Notolabrus celidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Notolabrus,celidotus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187663,Coris musume,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,musume,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1904)","This species has been confused with the south-western Pacific species Coris picta, which occurs in south-eastern Australia, northern New Zealand and New Caledonia. These two species are probably separate and valid sibling species (Kuiter 2002), even though C. musume had been synonymised with C. picta by Randall and Araga in 1978 (D. Pollard pers. comm.. 2008)." 187664,Coris formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,formosa,,,,,"(Bennett, 1830)", 187665,Notolabrus inscriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Notolabrus,inscriptus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187666,Pseudocheilinus dispilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinus,dispilus,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187667,Macropharyngodon cyanoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,cyanoguttatus,,,,,"Randall, 1978", 187668,Cirrhilabrus johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,johnsoni,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 187669,Xyrichtys incandescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,incandescens,,,,,"Edwards & Lubbock, 1981","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187670,Xyrichtys splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,splendens,,,,,"Castelnau, 1855","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187671,Pseudolabrus gayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudolabrus,gayi,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187672,Bodianus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,rufus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187673,Halichoeres hortulanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,hortulanus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)",There is some discussion in the literature as to whether the Indian Ocean form should be considered as a different species (L. Rocha pers. comm.. 2008). 187674,Oxycheilinus unifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,unifasciatus,,,,,"(Streets, 1877)", 187675,Labropsis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labropsis,australis,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187676,Frontilabrus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Frontilabrus,caeruleus,,,,,"Randall & Condé, 1989", 187677,Halichoeres melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,melanurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","There is taxonomic confusion between H. chrysotaenia in the Pacific and H. vrolikii in the Indian Ocean.

H. chrysotaenia is considered to be a synonym of H. melanurus, a W. Pacific species (J. Randall pers. Comm. 2008). This relationship was based on an initial phase specimen of H. chrysotaenia collected in Java near Jakarta. The initial phases of H. vrolikii and H. melanurus, both W. Pacific species, are nearly indistinguishable. H. melanurus is a Pacific species based on the terminal phase and H. vrolikii is the terminal phase of its East Indian Ocean sister species. Since H. melanurus is considered a Pacific species based on the terminal phase, it is unlikely that H. chrysotaenia is the initial phase of H. melanurus. This species requires genetic research to positively link the type material of H. chrysotaenia to either H. melanurus or H. vrolikii (R. Myers pers. Comm. 2009)." 187679,Coris picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,picta,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","This species has been confused with the north-western Pacific species Coris musume, which occurrs in southern Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines. This latter northern hemisphere species is now regarded as a separate and valid sibling species (Kuiter 2002), even though it was synonymised with C. picta by Randall and Araga (1978)." 187680,Macropharyngodon geoffroy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,geoffroy,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 187681,Cymolutes praetextatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cymolutes,praetextatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)", 187682,Cirrhilabrus morrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,morrisoni,,,,,"Allen, 1999", 187683,Bodianus macrognathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,macrognathos,,,,,"(Morris, 1974)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187684,Pteragogus flagellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pteragogus,flagellifer,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187685,Thalassoma lutescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,lutescens,,,,,"(Lay & Bennett, 1839)",This species is replaced by Thalassoma grammaticum in the tropical Eastern Pacific. 187686,Xyrichtys sciistius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,sciistius,,,,,"Jordan & Thompson, 1914",This species was previously considered a junior synonym of X. woodi. 187687,Halichoeres chlorocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,chlorocephalus,,,,,"Kuiter & Randall, 1995", 187688,Pseudocoris heteroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocoris,heteroptera,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 187689,Stethojulis trilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,trilineata,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 187690,Bodianus leucosticticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,leucosticticus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187691,Halichoeres lapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,lapillus,,,,,"Smith, 1947", 187692,Macropharyngodon meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,meleagris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187693,Thalassoma nigrofasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,nigrofasciatum,,,,,"Randall, 2003","This species has only relatively been newly described (Randall 2003), and is closely related to Thalassoma jansenii (Bernardi et al. 2004). These two species may be confused. The molecular sequences of 16S rRNA in the two species are the same, though they differ in one nucleotide of the cytochrome b sequence (Bernardi et al. 2004). Although there are no significant colour differences between these two species, and they have overlapping scale counts, the former is most probably a separate and valid species (J. Randall pers. comm.. 2009). Therefore, there may be confusion over the identity of this species in previous distribution records." 187694,Halichoeres melanochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,melanochir,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928", 187695,Halichoeres rubricephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,rubricephalus,,,,,"Kuiter & Randall, 1995", 187696,Xyrichtys novacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,novacula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002).

Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus and I. verrens." 187697,Bodianus masudai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,masudai,,,,,"Araga & Yoshino, 1975",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187698,Hologymnosus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hologymnosus,annulatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 187699,Halichoeres claudia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,claudia,,,,,"Randall & Rocha, 2009","This species used to be treated as Halichoeres ornatissimus, but the latter is now restricted to Hawaii (Randall and Rocha 2009)." 187700,Decodon pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Decodon,pacificus,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1952)", 187701,Xenojulis margaritaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xenojulis,margaritaceus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)", 187702,Labropsis alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labropsis,alleni,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187703,Halichoeres bathyphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,bathyphilus,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1932)","

Halichoeres sazimai, n. sp. is described from the Western South Atlantic. During many years it was misidentified as H. bathyphilus from the Northwestern Atlantic, but it can be distinguished from the latter by striking color differences between the two species, with H. sazimai being characterized by a white body with a midline, zigzag patterned stripe on body, black and brownish in terminal males and yellow or golden in females and juveniles (Luiz et al. 2009). 

" 187704,Cirrhilabrus claire,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,claire,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 2001", 187705,Iniistius pavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,pavo,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187706,Cirrhilabrus blatteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,blatteus,,,,,"Springer & Randall, 1974", 187707,Thalassoma trilobatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,trilobatum,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 187708,Cirrhilabrus katoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,katoi,,,,,"Senou & Hirata, 2000", 187709,Oxyjulis californica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxyjulis,californica,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 187710,Anampses geographicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,geographicus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 187711,Thalassoma duperrey,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,duperrey,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 187712,Iniistius verrens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,verrens,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1902)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187713,Pseudodax moluccanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudodax,moluccanus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 187715,Bodianus anthioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,anthioides,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187716,Anampses caeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,caeruleopunctatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1829", 187717,Cirrhilabrus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,filamentosus,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1976)", 187718,Oxycheilinus arenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,arenatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 187719,Clepticus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Clepticus,brasiliensis,,,,,"Heiser, Moura & Robertson, 2000",This species was recently described in Heiser et al. (2000). 187720,Choerodon sugillatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,sugillatum,,,,,"Gomon, 1987", 187721,Bodianus izuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,izuensis,,,,,"Araga & Yoshino, 1975",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187722,Epibulus insidiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Epibulus,insidiator,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)","The latent slingjaw wrasse, Epibulus brevis, was recently described from Palau, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia (Carlson et al. 2008). E. brevis is extremely similar to E. insidiator and any past record and data of E. insidiator likely includes the former species." 187723,Anampses meleagrides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,meleagrides,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 187724,Halichoeres garnoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,garnoti,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187725,Polylepion cruentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Polylepion,cruentum,,,,,"Gomon, 1977", 187726,Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,rubriventralis,,,,,"Springer & Randall, 1974", 187727,Iniistius bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species of the genera Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius including I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187728,Labropsis micronesica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labropsis,micronesica,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187729,Coris aurilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,aurilineata,,,,,"Randall & Kuiter, 1982", 187730,Stethojulis notialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,notialis,,,,,"Randall, 2000", 187731,Iniistius baldwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,baldwini,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1903)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187732,Halichoeres brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)","This species was previously identified as H. radiatus, but recent genetic research revealed that Brazilian populations belong to a valid species now recognized as H. brasiliensis (Rocha 2004)." 187733,Thalassoma quinquevittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,quinquevittatum,,,,,"(Lay & Bennett, 1839)", 187734,Choerodon venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,venustus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)", 187735,Oxycheilinus mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,mentalis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1828)", 187736,Halichoeres radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,radiatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species was thought to occur along the Brazilian coast, but genetic research revealed that coastal Brazilian populations belong to a different species (Rocha 2004)." 187737,Oxycheilinus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,lineatus,,,,,"Randall, Westneat & Gomon, 2003", 187738,Stethojulis terina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,terina,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1902", 187739,Cheilinus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)",The Red Sea population is a distinct C. quinquecinctus (Kuiter 2002). 187740,Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinus,tetrataenia,,,,,"Schultz, 1960", 187741,Pseudocheilinus citrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocheilinus,citrinus,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187742,Cirrhilabrus beauperryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,beauperryi,,,,,"Allen, Drew & Barber, 2008","This species is very similar to the closely related C. punctatus from Fiji, Tonga, New Caledonia, eastern Australia and southern Papua New Guinea." 187743,Labropsis polynesica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labropsis,polynesica,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 187744,Bodianus loxozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,loxozonus,,,,,"(Snyder, 1908)","For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). This species has been previously confused with B. macrourus (Russell, B. pers. comm.)." 187745,Xyrichtys blanchardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,blanchardi,,,,,"(Cadenat & Marchal, 1963)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187746,Thalassoma purpureum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,purpureum,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 187747,Choerodon robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,robustus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 187748,Symphodus melops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,melops,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species has in the past been misidentified as Symphodus tinca and Symphodus roissali (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2008). 187749,Leptojulis chrysotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Leptojulis,chrysotaenia,,,,,"Randall & Ferraris, 1981", 187750,Halichoeres trispilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,trispilus,,,,,"Randall & Smith, 1982", 187751,Ctenolabrus rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Ctenolabrus,rupestris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 187752,Coris julis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,julis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Coris julis has sometimes been confused with C. atlantica, which occurs further south along the West African coastline (D. Pollard pers. comm. 2009)." 187753,Bodianus trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,trilineatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187754,Cymolutes lecluse,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cymolutes,lecluse,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 187755,Labroides rubrolabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labroides,rubrolabiatus,,,,,"Randall, 1958", 187757,Paracheilinus nursalim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,nursalim,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2008",This species has only recently been described in 2008 (Allen and Erdmann 2008). 187758,Anampses cuvier,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,cuvier,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1824", 187759,Anampses neoguinaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,neoguinaicus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1878", 187760,Malapterus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Malapterus,reticulatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1839", 187761,Halichoeres brownfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,brownfieldi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1945)", 187762,Oxycheilinus celebicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Oxycheilinus,celebicus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 187763,Novaculichthys macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Novaculichthys,macrolepidotus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)",Novaculichthys macrolepidotus has been assigned to the genus Novaculoides by Randall and Earle (2004) (R. Myers pers. comm. 2008). 187764,Coris auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,auricularis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 187765,Paracheilinus bellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,bellae,,,,,"Randall, 1988", 187766,Halichoeres kallochroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,kallochroma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 187767,Labroides bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Labroides,bicolor,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928", 187768,Macropharyngodon ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,ornatus,,,,,"Randall, 1978", 187769,Cirrhilabrus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,punctatus,,,,,"Randall & Kuiter, 1989", 187770,Cirrhilabrus walindi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,walindi,,,,,"Allen & Randall, 1996", 187771,Halichoeres penrosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,penrosei,,,,,"Starks, 1913","This species was previously identified as H. maculipinna, but recent genetic research revealed that Brazilian populations belong to a valid species now recognized as H. penrosei (Rocha 2004)." 187772,Macropharyngodon negrosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,negrosensis,,,,,"Herre, 1932", 187773,Coris sandeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,sandeyeri,,,,,"(Hector, 1884)","There has been some confusion with the naming of this species. Hector in 1884 named this species as Cymolutes sandeyeri after the collector F.S. Sandeyer, however, this was a misspelling of the collector's real name, Sandager. Since then, both the names sandeyeri and sandageri have been used by various authors, although Mr. Sandager in a paper in 1888 on fishes of Mokohinau Islands listed this species as Cymolutes sandageri. Randall (1999), noted that although the name sandeyeri is inappropriate, the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature indicate that this name correct. See also Parenti and Randall (2000). From Eschmeyer's Catalogue of Fishes, the current status is: Coris sandeyeri (Hector 1884). Sandageri should therefore not be used (K. Carpenter pers. comm.. 2009)." 187774,Pseudojuloides pyrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,pyrius,,,,,"Randall & Randall, 1981", 187776,Pseudojuloides xanthomos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudojuloides,xanthomos,,,,,"Randall & Randall, 1981", 187777,Polylepion russelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Polylepion,russelli,,,,,"(Gomon & Randall, 1975)", 187778,Suezichthys russelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,russelli,,,,,"Randall, 1981","For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1985). This species is known only from initial phase individuals, taxonomic status uncertain." 187779,Thalassoma hebraicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,hebraicum,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","This species is considered to be the ancestral species of Thalassoma rueppelli, T. grammaticum, T. lutescens, T. genivittatum, and T. duperreyi in the Indo-Pacific region (Bernardi et al. 2004)." 187780,Thalassoma jansenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,jansenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 187781,Bodianus perditio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,perditio,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)",This species has possibly been confused with B. solatus in western Australia (Abrolhos Islands) (Gomon 2006). 187782,Xyrichtys halsteadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,halsteadi,,,,,"Randall & Lobel, 2003","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187783,Halichoeres hartzfeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,hartzfeldii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","The status of Julis girardi (Bleeker 1859), has been clarified by Randall (1978). This species is the initial phase of either H. hartzfeldii or H. zeylonicus (Parenti and Randall 2000)." 187784,Anampses twistii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,twistii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1856", 187785,Coris venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,venusta,,,,,"Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875", 187786,Halichoeres pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,pallidus,,,,,"Kuiter & Randall, 1995", 187787,Thalassoma noronhanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,noronhanum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)",This species was previously recorded as Julis noronhana (Boulenger 1890). 187788,Cirrhilabrus joanallenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,joanallenae,,,,,"Allen, 2000",Specimens from the aquarium trade in Sri Lanka and south of Sumatra that have been identified as this species may be a different species. 187789,Pseudocoris aequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pseudocoris,aequalis,,,,,"Randall & Walsh, 2008", 187791,Paracheilinus rubricaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Paracheilinus,rubricaudalis,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 2003", 187792,Coris centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,centralis,,,,,"Randall, 1999", 187793,Macropharyngodon moyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,moyeri,,,,,"Shepard & Meyer, 1978", 187794,Choerodon monostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,monostigma,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910", 187795,Pteragogus taeniops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Pteragogus,taeniops,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 187796,Ammolabrus dicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Ammolabrus,dicrus,,,,,"Randall & Carlson, 1997", 187797,Leptojulis cyanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Leptojulis,cyanopleura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","Julis (Halichoeres) cyanopleura Bleeker 1853 and Julis (Halichoeres) pyrrhogrammatoides Bleeker 1853 were described in the same work, and Randall & Ferraris (1981) serve as first revisers selecting cyanopleura over pyrrhogrammatoides." 187798,Cirrhilabrus adornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,adornatus,,,,,"Randall & Kunzmann, 1998",This species is closely related to C. flavidorsalis and females look almost identical. 187799,Stethojulis balteata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Stethojulis,balteata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 187800,Notolabrus fucicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Notolabrus,fucicola,,,,,"(Richardson, 1840)",For taxonomic treatment see Russell (1988). 187801,Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cirrhilabrus,rubrimarginatus,,,,,"Randall, 1992", 187802,Coris aygula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Coris,aygula,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 187804,Bodianus oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,oxycephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1862)","For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). Gomon and Randall (1978), mistakenly synonymized Bodianus oxycephalus with Bodianus vulpinus, a name that previously had been applied to the species now recognized as Bodianus frenchii (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008)." 187805,Symphodus tinca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,tinca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 187806,Macropharyngodon vivienae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Macropharyngodon,vivienae,,,,,"Randall, 1978", 187807,Bodianus flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,flavifrons,,,,,"Gomon, 2001",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). 187808,Anampses femininus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,femininus,,,,,"Randall, 1972", 187809,Xiphocheilus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xiphocheilus,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1856", 187810,Halichoeres chloropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,chloropterus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 187811,Anampses viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Anampses,viridis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 187812,Bodianus unimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bodianus,unimaculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",For taxonomic treatment see Gomon (2006). This species was previously confused with Bodianus vulpinus and B. oxycephalus (B. Russell pers. comm.. 2008). 187813,Suezichthys arquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Suezichthys,arquatus,,,,,"Russell, 1985", 187814,Iniistius jacksonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Iniistius,jacksonensis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1881)","There is some taxonomic confusion between the species under Xyrichtys and Iniistius. The genus Iniistius has been considered a synonym of Xyrichtys by some authors but it is now recognized as a separate genus, distinct from Xyrichtys (Randall and Earle 2002, Randall et al. 2002). Seventeen species are included in Iniistius and they are: I. aneitensis, I. auropunctatus, I. baldwini, I. bimaculatus, I. cyanifrons, I. dea, I. evides, I. griffithsi, I. jacksoniensis, I. melanopus, I. pavo, I. pentadactylus, I. spilonotus, I. trivittatus, I. twistii, I. umbrilatus, and I. verrens." 187815,Leptojulis polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Leptojulis,polylepis,,,,,"Randall, 1996", 187817,Gasullia cobosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Gasullia,cobosi,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zárate López, 1962)","The original type locality cited by Ortiz de Zárate (1962) is an error (Corbellá and Guillén 2002).

Corbellá and Guillén (2002) considered the species to belong to the genus Gasullia while Arrébola et al. (2006) included it in the new genus Hatumia as Hatumia cobosi (with H. zapateri and H. riffensis).

Following current placement in MolluscaBase (2022), the species is placed in genus Gasullia." 187867,Ponticola constructor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,constructor,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1840)",Recently transferred from Neogobius to Ponticola. 187870,Gymnostomus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,lineatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)","Considered a member of the genus Henicorhynchus by some authors." 187872,Acrossocheilus microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acrossocheilus,microstoma,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)","As Acrossocheilus microstoma may be a synonym of Acrossocheilus iridescens (Nichols & Pope 1927), further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2001)." 187878,Yasuhikotakia morleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Yasuhikotakia,morleti,,,,,"(Tirant, 1885)",Described by Tirant (1885). 187884,Sinilabeo binhluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinilabeo,binhluensis,,,,,"Nguyen, 2001","The figure and data in the original description of Sinilabeo binhluensis Nguyen, 2001 suggest that it belongs to the genus Bangana (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011). The distinctness of the species needs confirmation.

The species was described by Nguyen (2001) from rivers in northwestern Viet Nam (Bình Lu county, Phong Thô district, Lai Châu Province). Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species, and the species is unlikely to be valid; there are a number of large Bangana already described from this region and this species is most likely a synonym of an earlier described species." 187886,Trigonostigma somphongsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Trigonostigma,somphongsi,,,,,"(Meinken, 1958)", 187888,Troglocyclocheilus khammouanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Troglocyclocheilus,khammouanensis,,,,,"Kottelat & Bréhier, 1999", 187918,Schistura tenura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,tenura,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 187924,Sewellia patella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,patella,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2000", 187929,Sewellia albisuera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,albisuera,,,,,"Freyhof, 2003","
" 187930,Wallago micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Wallago,micropogon,,,,,"Ng, 2004", Previously misidentified as Wallago leerii from the Mekong River. 187935,Terapon theraps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Terapon,theraps,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829",Described by Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1829). Genus reviewed by Vari (1978). 187941,Schistura susannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,susannae,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2001", 187976,Altigena lippa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Altigena,lippa,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)", 187984,Yasuhikotakia lecontei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Yasuhikotakia,lecontei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 187986,Schistura spiloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,spiloptera,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 187993,Schistura spekuli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,spekuli,,,,,"Kottelat, 2004", 187994,Syncrossus helodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Syncrossus,helodes,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1876)",Described by Sauvage (1876). 188001,Sewellia breviventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,breviventralis,,,,,"Freyhof & Serov, 2000", 188006,Yasuhikotakia modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Yasuhikotakia,modesta,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1864)", 188011,Gymnostomus lobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,lobatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)","Considered by some authors to be in the genus Henicorhynchus, or Cirrhinus." 188013,Sewellia pterolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,pterolineata,,,,,"Roberts, 1998","
" 188088,Sewellia lineolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,lineolata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 188105,Esomus danrica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,danrica,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 188036,Sewellia marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Sewellia,marmorata,,,,,"Serov, 1996", 188113,Ponticola eurycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,eurycephalus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)",

Recently transferred from Neogobius to Ponticola.

188114,Ponticola gorlap,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,gorlap,,,,,"(Iljin, 1949)",

Recently transferred from Neogobius to Ponticola.

188115,Ponticola kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,kessleri,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 188116,Ponticola syrman,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,syrman,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1840)",Recently transferred from Neogobius to Ponticola. Records from upper Danube refer to B. gymnotrachelus. 188044,Yasuhikotakia splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Yasuhikotakia,splendida,,,,,"(Roberts, 1995)", 188118,Babka gymnotrachelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Babka,gymnotrachelus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1857)", 188129,Squalius platyceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,platyceps,,,,,"Zupančič, Marić, Naseka & Bogutskaya, 2010", 18823,Ptychalaea dedecora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Ptychalaea,dedecora,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 18827,Ptychobranchus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ptychobranchus,occidentalis,,,,,"Conrad, 1836", 18828,Ptychobranchus subtentum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ptychobranchus,subtentum,,,,,"Say, 1825", 188306,Euphaea ochracea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,ochracea,,,,,"Selys, 1859","Named Allophaea ochracea by some authors." 188307,Asiagomphus odoneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,odoneli,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)","
" 188309,Scalmogomphus bistrigatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Scalmogomphus,bistrigatus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1854)","
" 188310,Nepogomphus modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nepogomphus,modestus,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 188311,Nepogomphus walli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nepogomphus,walli,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","
" 18834,Ptychodon schuppi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Ptychodon,schuppi,,,,,"Suter, 1900", 18835,Ptychotrema usambarense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Ptychotrema,usambarense,,,,,Verdcourt, 18837,Haplochromis granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,granti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906",Appeared in the IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the generic name Ptyochromis. 18839,Ptyochromis sp. nov. 'Rusinga oral sheller',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptyochromis,sp. nov. 'Rusinga oral sheller',,,,,,"30 collections from Lake Victoria, Kenya. First five voucher numbers: MCZ 100110, MCZ 100149, MCZ 100151, MCZ 100152, MCZ 100163. Will presumably be placed under genus Haplochromis." 18841,Ptyochromis sp. nov. 'rainbow sheller',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptyochromis,sp. nov. 'rainbow sheller',,,,,,"Seven collections from Lake Victoria, Kenya. Voucher numbers: MCZ 136617, MCZ 136618, MCZ 136619, MCZ 136623, MCZ 136626, MCZ 136629, MCZ 136630. Will presumably be placed under genus Haplochromis." 188652,Squalius janae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,janae,,,,,"Bogutskaya & Zupančič, 2010", 188653,Alburnus neretvae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,neretvae,,,,,"Buj, Šanda & Perea, 2010", 188654,Gymnocephalus ambriaelacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Gymnocephalus,ambriaelacus,,,,,"Geiger & Schliewen, 2010",Gymnocephalus ambriaelacus is closely related to Gymnoceohalus baloni and it might be even a synonym of this species. 188655,Orientogomphus earnshawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Orientogomphus,earnshawi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)","

The species was described in Onychogomphus, later treated as an Acrogomphus by Laidlaw, and then placed in Orientogomphus by Chao in 1990.
The female of this species is not known.

" 188673,Hubendickia sulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,sulcata,,,,,"(Bavay, 1895)","Hubendickia siamensis Brandt, 1968 and Hubendickia spiralis Brandt, 1968 are synonyms of Hubendickia sulcata Bavay, 1895 and so only the latter is a valid name (S. Attwood pers. comm. 2010)." 188674,Lacunopsis minutarpiettei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,minutarpiettei,,,,,"Davis, 1968", 188677,Jullienia flava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,flava,,,,,"Deshayes, 1876", 188680,Stenothyra decollata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,decollata,,,,,"Wattobled, 1884", 188683,Jullienia minima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,minima,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 188690,Stenothyra polita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,polita,,,,,"A. Adams, 1851", 188696,Lacunopsis deiecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,deiecta,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 188745,Jullienia costata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,costata,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 188750,Asiagomphus xanthenatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,xanthenatus,,,,,"(Williamson, 1907)","Described under the genus Gomphus Leach by Williamson (1907) from four males sent to him by Mr. R.A. Earnshaw who collected the specimens in Myanmar. No specific details of the type locality were provided by Williamson but Fraser (1934) states the type material was collected from the Toungoo and Karen districts. Fraser (1934) treated G. xanthenatus as a junior synonym of G. personatus Selys, 1873. The mesepimeron of G. xanthenatus is predominately black with three isolated yellow spots located centrally and the synthoracic antehumeral stripe is reduced to a small yellow spot situated below the wing base. Fraser (1934) studied G. personatus specimens collected from the type locality at Khasi Hills, Shillong and specimens collected from Maymyo, Myanmar. He was of the opinion that: ""Mr. Williamson's specimens grade almost imperceptibly through the Maymyo specimens into the Shillong ones, the only real point of difference being the lateral sutural black lines, which are complete in Burmese material but invariably broken in Assam specimens."" Following the establishment of Asiagomphus by Asahina (1985), Chao (1990) transferred all Chinese gomphines possessing distinctive and characteristic secondary genitalia, as described by Asahina, to the Asiagomphus genus. Carle (1986) established the subgenus Anatogomphurus to receive gomphines related to G. personatus Selys group but had overlooked Asahina's creation of Asiagomphus genus the previous year. Anatogomphurus is a synonym of Asiagomphus. The Japanese species Asiagomphus melaenops (Selys), 1854 is the type-species for the Asiagomphus genus. Since the original description A. xanthenatus and notwithstanding Fraser's (1934) records of A. personatus and treatment of  A. xanthenatus as a junior synonym of  A. personatus, no new records of A. xanthenatus were documented until Asahina's description of Asiagomphus xanthenatus acco Asahina (1996) from Cuc Phuong, Gia Vien, Ninh Binh Province, Viet Nam. Asiagomphus xanthenatus acco has an entirely black mesepimeron and lacks an antehumeral stripe. Wilson (2005) subsequently recorded this latter taxon from Chunxiu, Guangxi but considered it unlikely that A. x. acco belonged to A. xanthenatus.

Wilson (2005) stated: ""If Asahina’s (1996) description of acco is compared with Williamson’s (1907) original description and drawings of xanthenatus it would appear unlikely that acco belongs to this taxon. The superior appendages of nominate subspecies are very different in style and do not possess a stout ventral spine. In addition the yellow pattern on the thorax and abdomen is more extensive than acco."" The on-line Odonata database (odonata.info) managed by the Naturalis Museum Leiden treats acco as a good species. However until a direct comparison has been undertaken as stated by Wilson (2005): ""Rather than elevate acco to species status subjectively it would be prudent to carry out a direct comparison with xanthenatus"".

Two female records of A. x. xanthenatus from Thailand were documented by Hämäläinen and Pinratana (1999) although Asahina (1986) who originally documented these specimens did not feel confident in identifying them as A. x. xanthenatus in the absence of male specimens." 188758,Elimia modesta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,modesta,,,,,"(Lea, 1845)","Thompson (2000) lists Elimia gerhardti as a junior synonym of the resurrected Elimia modesta (Lea, 1845)." 18877,Pungitius platygaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,platygaster,,,,,"(Kessler, 1859)", 18879,Pungu maclareni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pungu,maclareni,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1962)", 188870,Lacunopsis monodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,monodonta,,,,,"Deshayes, 1876", 188872,Turricaspia astrachanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,astrachanica,,,,,"(Pirogov, 1971)", 188873,Pisidium stewarti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,stewarti,,,,,"Preston, 1909","The family this species has been placed in is listed as Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; traditionally this is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 188875,Bithynia oxiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,oxiana,,,,,"(Izzatullaev, 1982)",This species is only known from empty shells which may have come from Afghanistan (Izzatullaev 1982). 188876,Musculium problematicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,problematicum,,,,,"Gabriel, 1939","There is some debate over whether the genus Musculium should in fact change to Sphaerium, with Musculium becoming demoted to subgenus level (Lee and O'Foighil 2003). Furthermore, Musculium problematicum may just be a local form of Musculium tasmanicum. Further taxonomic research is therefore required (Korniushin 2000)." 188877,Gundlachia neozelanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gundlachia,neozelanica,,,,,"Suter, 1905","There is uncertainty as to the taxonomy of this species. Although classified as Gundlachia, this was by Suter in 1905 and solely based on morphology. It is unlikely that this classification is correct as Gundlachia is a Neotropical genus (H. Spencer pers. comm. 2009). Hubendick (1967) included the New Zealand Gundlachia species in the genus Ferrissia, although this is based on morphology alone. There is further uncertainty at the family-level taxonomy. Walther et al. (2006) included Gundlachia in Ancylidae, but Albrecht et al. (2007) placed it in Planorbidae." 188878,Melanoides costellaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,costellaris,,,,,"Lea, 1850", 188879,Belgrandiella abchasica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,abchasica,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1962", 188880,Elliptio complanata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,complanata,,,,,"(Lightfoot, 1786)",The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of confusion. Johnson (1970) lumped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 188881,Castalia ambigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Castalia,ambigua,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819","The citations of C. ambigua to La Plata, Paraná and Paraguay rivers, and the lower reach of the Uruguay River must be carefully studied with the support of genetics considering the similarities to Castalia inflata, which predominates in these Southern hydrographic regions. It is possible that both species could be considered as synonyms." 188882,Musculium incomitatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,incomitatum,,,,,"Kuiper, 1966",There is some debate over whether the genus Musculium should in fact change to Sphaerium with Musculium becoming demoted to subgenus level (Lee and O'Foighil 2003). 188884,Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pomatiopsis,cincinnatiensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1840)", 188885,Corbicula nevelskoyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,nevelskoyi,,,,,"Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994","Corbicula is a notoriously variable taxon, therefore this species' taxonomy is in need of revision (T. V. Rintelen pers. comm. 2011)." 188886,Asolene pulchella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Asolene,pulchella,,,,,"(Anton, 1839)","This species was originally of the genus Ampullaria Montfort (1810)." 188887,Angustassiminea yoshidayukioi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Angustassiminea,yoshidayukioi,,,,,"Kuroda, 1959", 188888,Anisus thermochukchensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,thermochukchensis,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997", 188889,Cyclotropis bedaliensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Cyclotropis,bedaliensis,,,,,"(Rensch, 1934)", 188890,Pachydrobia scalaroides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,scalaroides,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 188891,Stenothyra spiralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,spiralis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",This species is in need of taxonomic review. 188892,Jullienia microsculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,microsculpta,,,,,"Brandt, 1970", 188894,Neoradina zelebori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Neoradina,zelebori,,,,,"Brot, 1872","An alternate spelling of N. zeleborii is present in the literature (Preston 1915). This was further spilt into two variants, N. zelebori var. nana and N. zelebori var. solidiuscula (Nevill 1884)." 188895,Pisidium parvum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,parvum,,,,,"Mori, 1938","The family this species has been placed in is listed as Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; traditionally this is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 188896,Anentome spinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,NASSARIIDAE,Anentome,spinosa,,,,,"(Temcharoen, 1971)", 188897,Anisancylus dutrae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisancylus,dutrae,,,,,"(Santos, 1994)", 188898,Pisidium kosciusko,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,kosciusko,,,,,"Iredale, 1943","The species has been listed in the family Sphaeriidae. Although some authors regard Pisidium as worthy of listing within a distinct family, Pisiidae, traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. There has been some taxonomic uncertainty as to whether this is an alpine form of the species Pisidium etheridgii (Korniushin 2000)." 188900,Alathyria jacksoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Alathyria,jacksoni,,,,,"Iredale, 1934",Baker et al. (2004) suggest that the genera Alathyria and Velesunio might need revision. 188901,Gundlachia ticaga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gundlachia,ticaga,,,,,"(Marcus & Marcus, 1962)","There is still taxonomic uncertainty regarding the placement of the genus Gundlachia within the family Planorbidae/Anyclidae. Among recent molecular phylogenetic analyses, Albrecht et al. (2007) and Walther et al. (2006) both included Gundlachia in a Neotropical clade with Laevapex. Walther et al. (2006) also included Uncancylus within this group. However, these two authors disagree on the taxonomic implications of these phylogenies, with Walther et al. (2006) classifying the above genera within the Ancylidae, but Albrecht et al. (2007) including them within Planorbidae and creating a sub-family Ancylinae." 188902,Elliptio buckleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,buckleyi,,,,,"(Lea, 1843)","There are numerous synonyms of Elliptio buckleyi (see Johnson 1972), some of which, given genetic studies, might prove distinct. Possibly large genetic differences exist between populations in same habitats in different drainages (Kat and Davis 1984). There are two morphological forms of this species that appear distinct if only a limited number of samples are examined. There is a dark, thick morph with the umbo far forward and a pronounced dorsal ridge. By contrast there is a polished, thinner morph with more central umbos and a less pronounced ridge - this morph is often brightly rayed. The former was given the names Unio cunninghami (Wright 1883), and Unio tenuisculus (Frierson 1911). But Lea's Unio buckleyi is a large eroded specimen of this morph from the northern part of the range and is the earliest name for this species. The polished morph has recieved several names as well: fryanus, orcuttii, and dorei (Wright 1888), and hartii and sanctorumjohanium (Wright 1933). The two morphs intergrade completely with each other and are not sympatric. The dark morph tends to occur in the larger lakes and impounded portions of large rivers: Lake Okeechobee, Tiger Lake, Lake Monroe, etc. The polished, rayed morph is common in the numerous small lakes and small rivers scattered throughout central Florida. At this time, all morphological forms are subsumed under the single species, Elliptio buckleyi.

Other synonyms also include Unio hinkleyi (Wright, 1888), Unio ferrissii (Marsh, 1891), Unio subluridus (Simpson, 1892), Unio caloosaensis (Dall, 1898) and Unio (Elliptio) webbianus (Wright, 1934).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011).

" 188903,Pisidium aslini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,aslini,,,,,"Kuiper, 1983", 188904,Amblema elliottii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Amblema,elliottii,,,,,"Lea, 1856","The species-level taxonomic history of the genus Amblema is complicated because numerous nominal species and varieties of Amblema plicata were described from the upper Mississippi and Ohio rivers (Mulvey et al. 1997), and Conrad (1841) described an additional species, A. perplicata, from streams in Louisiana (Mississippi River drainage). For decades the name perplicata has been applied as a subspecies name to A. plicata from Gulf Coast drainages from Florida west to Texas. Previously A. elliottii also was referred to as A. plicata perplicata. Based on DNA sequence data, Mulvey et al. (1997) distinguished A. elliottii from both A. plicata and A. neisleri and gave it species-level status.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188905,Elliptio crassidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,crassidens,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819","Clench and Turner (1956) considered E. crassidens incrassatus (Lea, 1840) to be distinct from E. crassidens crassidens. All subsequent authors have synonomyzed incrassatus with crassidens.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188906,Uncancylus concentricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Uncancylus,concentricus,,,,,"(d’Orbigny, 1837)",This species was originally classified as Gundlachia concentrica by d'Orbigny (1835). Fernandez (1981) reclassified it as Uncancylus concentricus. 188907,Scabies chinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Scabies,chinensis,,,,,"Liu, Duan & Lai, 1991", 188909,Lacunopsis globosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,globosa,,,,,"Poirier, 1881","Regarded by Davis as a valid taxa, and listed by Brandt (1974) as a valid species but overlooked during the assessment process." 188911,Dreissena bugensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Dreissena,bugensis,,,,,"Andrusov, 1897","A recent Dreissenid molecular phylogeny using COI and 16S sequences (Therriault et al. 2004) concluded that Dreissena bugensis and D. rostriformis actually represent distinct races of a single species (sequence divergence was 0.23 - 0.54%, comparable to intraspecific variability in other species). The authors recommended the ancestral name D. rostriformis be used, with two races, bugensis and distincta (Therriault et al. 2004, Orlova et al. 2005). However, there is still confusion over this.

This species is also regarded by some as a subspecies of the invasive Zebra Mussel D. polymorpha (M. Seddon pers. comm. 2009)." 188913,Semisulcospira niponica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,niponica,,,,,Brot,"Strong and Köhler (2009) suggest placement of this species in the family Semisulcospiridae. Some authors consider Biwamelania as a synonym or subgenus of Semisulcospira, and this treatment has recently been supported by a revision of the superfamily (Strong et al. 2011)." 188914,Helisoma peruvianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Helisoma,peruvianum,,,,,"(Broderip, 1832)", 188915,Lymnaea tenera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,tenera,,,,,"(Küster, 1863)","Plaziat and Younis (2005) state that this species is probably a polymorph of Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia.

Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009)." 188916,Biomphalaria helophila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,helophila,,,,,"d’Orbigny, 1835", 188917,Austropyrgus ronkershawi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,ronkershawi,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 188918,Heleobia vestita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,vestita,,,,,"(Haas, 1955)", 188919,Melampus sincaporensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,sincaporensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1855","This species is referred to as Melampus sincaporensis in Japanese literature, but M. singaporensis in Indian and Indonesian literature. This species is M. sincaporensis as confirmed by Pfeiffer 1855." 188921,Lymnaea rectilabrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,rectilabrum,,,,,"(Annandale & Prashad, 1919)","Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009)." 188922,Pyrgula rudis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,rudis,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 188923,Galba dalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,dalli,,,,,"(Baker, 1907)","The ICZN (1999, opinion 1896) fixed Buccinum truncatulum Muller, 1774 as the type species of the nominal genus Galba Schrank, 1803; it also placed Galba Schrank, 1803 on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology, thereby replacing the current usage of the name Fossaria Westerlund, 1885, which now a junior objective synonym. 

In Europe Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba based on ICZN opinion 1896, whereas in North American Fossaria was used for this genus (Turgeon et al., 1998).  The latest publication on the conservation status of the North America Gastropods (Johnson et al., 2013) used Galba for the genus in North America, thus the IUCN Red List is now following this convention and all species previously recognised as Fossaria are now in genus Galba." 188924,Caldicochlea harrisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Caldicochlea,harrisi,,,,,"(Ponder, Colgan, Terzis, Clark & Miller, 1996)", 188925,Valvata aliena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,aliena,,,,,"Westerlund, 1877", 188927,Mekongia swainsoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,swainsoniana,,,,,"Lea, 1856", 188928,Cassidula crassiuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Cassidula,crassiuscula,,,,,"Mousson, 1869", 188929,Viviparus intertextus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,intertextus,,,,,"(Say, 1829)", 188931,Neoradina charon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Neoradina,charon,,,,,"Preston, 1915",This species is not present in current literature under this name; historically it is present as Tiara (Radina) charon (Preston 1915). 188933,Ferrissia gentilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,gentilis,,,,,"Lanzer, 1991", 188934,Anisus johanseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,johanseni,,,,,"Mozley, 1934","This species might be a junior synonym of Anisus vortex (M.V. Vinarski, unpublished in Kantor et al. 2009).

The holotype was designated in the original publication as “type”. Nevertheless, in the type collection of USNM catalogue number  470515 contains 21 specimens labeled as “syntypes” on a later printed label. None of them matched the original illustration." 188936,Austropyrgus foris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,foris,,,,,"(Ponder, Colgan, Clark, Miller & Terzis, 1994)", 188937,Pseudobaikalia zachwatkini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Pseudobaikalia,zachwatkini,,,,,"(Koshov, 1936)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 188938,Clithon sowerbyanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,sowerbyanus,,,,,"Récluz, 1842",

The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies and therefore available data on its biology and distribution are scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed).

188939,Elliptio cistellaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,cistellaeformis,,,,,"(Lea, 1863)","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. Johnson (1970) grouped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. Johnson (1970) synonymized this species under Elliptio complanata, but Turgeon et al. (1998) and Graf and Cummings (2007) include both as distinct species. Recently seven sites were located throughout the Pee Dee River drainage in South Carolina (Catena Group 2006) where it was clearly distinguishable from other forms of Elliptio complanata. At some sites within the Lynches River, the box spike was lumped into Elliptio spp. as gradation between forms, and time constraints made separation difficult.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188940,Hemistomia xaracuu,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,xaracuu,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 188941,Stenothyra decapitata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,decapitata,,,,,"Annandale, 1925", 188942,Mekongia pongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,pongensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 188943,Anisus stelmachoetius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,stelmachoetius,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1860)","There is a significant amount of taxonomic confusion regarding this species. Further research may find Anisus stelmachoetius to be a synonym of Gyraulus albus (Müller, 1774) according to the European classification system (Vinarski et al. 2007b, M. Seddon pers. comm. 2011). " 188944,Pseudancylastrum dorogostajkii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Pseudancylastrum,dorogostajkii,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1989", 188945,Stenomelania denisoniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Stenomelania,denisoniensis,,,,,"(Brot, 1877)","This species was originally split into two variants; Melanoides (Stenomelania) denisoniensis var. tacita and Melanoides (Stenomelania) denisoniensis var. ultra. These were later recognised as three different species (Smith 1992). Current belief places this as a single species, known as Stenomelania denisoniensis (Glaubrecht et al. 2009)." 188947,Viviparus angularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,angularis,,,,,"O.F. Müller, 1774","The generic assignment of this species is wrong, and should possibly be filopaludina. The status of this species needs to be reassessed and clarified (T. von Rintelen pers. comm. 2010)." 188948,Neoradina pirenoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Neoradina,pirenoidea,,,,,"Nevill, 1884",This species is not present in current literature under this name; historically it is present as Melania clavus var. pirenoidea (Nevill 1884) and Tiara (Radina) clavus var. pirenoidea (Preston 1915). 188949,Bucharamnicola bucharica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Bucharamnicola,bucharica,,,,,"(Zhadin, 1965)", 188950,Viviparus boettgeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,boettgeri,,,,,"Heude, 1890","This species is in need of taxonomic review, as it is regarded by some authors as a subspecies of Sinotaia quadrata; the generic assignment is wrong, and may possibly be Sinotaia (von Rintelen pers. comm. 2010)." 188951,Oncomelania nosophora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Oncomelania,nosophora,,,,,"(Robson, 1915)", 188952,Stenothyra perdives,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,perdives,,,,,"(Iredale, 1943)", 188953,Borysthenia jelskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Borysthenia,jelskii,,,,,"Crosse, 1863","Kantor et al (2009) consider this to be a valid species, and list it in the catalogue for Russia; however, as it is only known from  a single specimen (the type of Crosse, which is present in MNHN, Paris), further research is required, particularly as Schutt (1965) listed it as a synonym of Borysthenia naticina." 188954,Maackia angarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Maackia,angarensis,,,,,"(Gerstfeldt, 1859)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 188955,Campeloma rufum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Campeloma,rufum,,,,,"(Haldeman, 1841)","This species taxonomic classification is uncertain. This species is likely to be a synonyn of Campeloma decisum (Burch and Jung 1992, Johnson 1992) although Turgeon et al. (1998) list it as questionably valid." 188956,Gabbia napierensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,napierensis,,,,,"Ponder, 2003", 188957,Lymnaea obliquata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,obliquata,,,,,"(von Martens, 1864)","There is uncertainty over whether this species is a full species or subspecies. M. Seddon (pers. comm. 2009) states that Zhadin (1965) treats this species as a variety of Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia (Linnaeus 1758), whereas Kantor & Sysoev (2005), the most recent checklist of species for Russia, treat it as a full species. For the purpose of this assessment, we follow the taxonomy as set out by Kantor & Sysoev (2005)." 188958,Cyclotropis terae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Cyclotropis,terae,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 188959,Villosa amygdala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Villosa,amygdala,,,,,"(Lea, 1843)","This species was considered a subspecies of Villosa vibex by Clench and Turner (1956). Despite its limited distribution, several nominal forms exist, a trait that is consistent for other species occupying peninsular Florida (e.g., Elliptio buckleyi and Uniomerus caroliniana).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188960,Hemistomia napaia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,napaia,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 188961,Anisus substroemi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,substroemi,,,,,"Starobogatov & Budnikova, 1976", 188962,Phreatoceras taylori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Phreatoceras,taylori,,,,,"Hershler & Longley, 1986", 188963,Menetus floridensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Menetus,floridensis,,,,,"Baker, 1945","Baker (1945) listed this species as a subspecies of Micromenetus dilatatus. However, Thompson (1999) believed the two were separate species due to sympatric coexistence without interbreeding. A molecular phylogeny (using COI and 18S markers) of global Planorboidea indicated that all North American Planorbinae fall within a monophyletic clade (Albrecht et al. 2007)." 188964,Paludinella halophila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Paludinella,halophila,,,,,"Rensch, 1934", 188966,Acroloxus ussuriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,ussuriensis,,,,,"Moskvicheva, Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1991", 188967,Fluminicola dalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Fluminicola,dalli,,,,,"Call, 1884","This species was formerly regarded as a synomym of Fluminicola turbiniformis (Taylor, 1966), but is considered a valid species by Hershler and Frest (1996)." 188968,Littoridina loaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,loaensis,,,,,"Biese, 1947", 188969,Hydrobia faminensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,faminensis,,,,,"(L.E. Adams, 1915)",This species may be synonymous with H. angustiarum (Forcelli 2000). 188970,Assiminea bella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,bella,,,,,"Kuroda, 1958", 188971,Dreissena caspia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Dreissena,caspia,,,,,"Eichwald, 1855","There are two recognised subspecies: D. c. caspia (Eichwald, 1855) and D. c. pallasi (Andrusov, 1897)." 188972,Elimia dickinsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,dickinsoni,,,,,"(Clench & Turner, 1956)", 188974,Beringiana beringiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Beringiana,beringiana,,,,,"(Middendorf, 1851)","Recently, Zanatta et al. (2007) supported the monophyly of both Pyganodon and Utterbackia using mutation coding of allozyme data, but also resolved the Eurasian Anodonta cygnea to Pyganodon, Utterbackia, and North American Anodonta; this indicates further phylogenetic analysis of the Anodontinae is required, including both North American and Eurasian species. 

In a phylogenetic analysis of western North American Anodonta using topotypic material as was available, Chong et al. (2008) found three deeply divided lineages: one clade including Anodonta oregonensis and Anodonta kennerlyi, one clade including Anodonta californiensis and Anodonta nuttalliana, and one clade including Anodonta beringiana. Chong et al. (2008) further found that A. beringiana is more closely allied with the Asian Anodonta woodiana than either of the other two western North American clades. The Russian authors place this species into the genus Beringiana (Strabogatov and Zatrawkin 1983) as its type species (Zatrawkin and Bogatov 1987, Kantor et al. 2009). Perhaps this is in accordance with the results of Chong et al. (2008). Anodonta youkonensis (Lea, 1867) is an important synonym to note (M. Vinarski pers. comm. 2011)." 188975,Assiminea possietica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,possietica,,,,,"Golikov & Kussakin, 1967", 188976,Pomacea pallens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,pallens,,,,,"(Philippi, 1849)","This species used to be Ampullaria pallens. " 188977,Melanoides lutosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,lutosa,,,,,"Gould, 1847","

The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore available data on its biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable. Further taxonomic research is needed, particularly with regards to the validity of this taxon as an endemic species to Samoa.

" 188978,Paladilhiopsis schakuranica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,schakuranica,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1962", 188980,Ascorhis occidua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Ascorhis,occidua,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1988", 188981,Austropyrgus niger,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,niger,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)","This species was often confused with the introduced Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Ponder 1988)." 188982,Semisulcospira diminuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,diminuta,,,,,"Gredler, 1887","This species was described from Hunan, China and other than this, there is no further information regarding distribution or population (Yen 1939). Taxonomic revision is advised." 188983,Austropyrgus smithii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,smithii,,,,,"(Petterd, 1889)", 188984,Caspiohydrobia elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Caspiohydrobia,elongata,,,,,"Starobogotov & Izzatullev, 1974", 188985,Anisus noziriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,noziriensis,,,,,"Mori, 1938", 188987,Stenothyra spinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,spinosa,,,,,"Brandt, 1974",This species is in need of taxonomic review. 188988,Crosseana crosseana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Crosseana,crosseana,,,,,"(Gassies, 1874)", 188989,Lithoglyphopsis modestus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lithoglyphopsis,modestus,,,,,"Gredler, 1886", 188990,Alasmidonta viridis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,viridis,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820","Based on analysis of the gene sequences, Bogan et al. (2008) argue for the elevation of the subgenus Pressodonta (Simpson, 1900) to create the new combination Pressodonta viridis. However, this work is awaiting publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 188991,Musculium argentinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,argentinum,,,,,"(d’Orbigny, 1835)","There is some debate over whether the genus Musculium should in fact change to Sphaerium, with Musculium becoming demoted to subgenus level (Lee and O'Foighil 2003)." 188993,Melanoides turris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,turris,,,,,"Brot, 1872", 188994,Glyptophysa georgiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Glyptophysa,georgiana,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","Further taxonomic work is suggested as the taxonomy of this genus is uncertain (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). The genus Glyptophysa is found across virtually all of Australia, and many species have been described. The shells are morphologically very variable and no revision of the genus has been published to date. Therefore the genus could be made up of a few widespread species or many narrow range taxa (S. Clark pers. comm. 2011)." 188996,Parafossarulus sungariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Parafossarulus,sungariensis,,,,,"Moskvicheva in Starobogatov & Zatravkin, 1987", 188997,Melampus sulculosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,sulculosus,,,,,"von Martens, 1865","Anatomical and genetic data are still lacking, therefore this species may be in need of taxonomic revision (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2011)." 188998,Austropyrgus centralia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,centralia,,,,,"(Ponder, Colgan, Terzis, Clark & Miller, 1996)", 189056,Gyraulus terraesacrae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,terraesacrae,,,,,"Rensch, 1934", 189058,Physa taslei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,taslei,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1860","There appears to be taxonomic confusion surrounding this species, and the validity of this species is not universally accepted. Some authors consider this species a synonym of Physa fontinalis (Taylor 2003).

We accept it here as a valid species following Glöer (2019)." 189000,Polypylis starobogatovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Polypylis,starobogatovi,,,,,"Izzatullaev, 1973", 189059,Acroloxus kolhymensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,kolhymensis,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1998", 189002,Pomacea camena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,camena,,,,,"Pain, 1949", 189003,Elliptio errans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,errans,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. Johnson (1970) lumped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. Elliptio errans was synonymized under Elliptio complanata by Johnson (1970, 1972) and Britton and Fuller (1979). Based on genetic data, Davis and Mulvey (1993) recognized E. errans as a species distinct from Elliptio icterina, a taxonomic status consistent with Turgeon et al. (1998).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189070,Pyrgula isseli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,isseli,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189005,Lacunopsis rolfbrandti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,rolfbrandti,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 189071,Campeloma geniculum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Campeloma,geniculum,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)","Dillon et al. (2006) believe Campeloma regulare, Campeloma geniculatum, and Campeloma limum are synonymous with Campeloma decisum because there appear to be no reliable distinguishable morphological characters between them (see Johnson 2000)." 189072,Pisidium carum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,carum,,,,,"Cotton, 1953", 189073,Diplodon parallelopipedon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Diplodon,parallelopipedon,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)","Haas (1969) recognises two subspecies D. p. parallelopipedon in the Paraguay and Parana Rivers, and D. p. acutirostris in the Uruguay River and adjacent coast streams. Parodiz (1968) recognised D. trifidus as valid." 189008,Gabbia rotunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,rotunda,,,,,"Ponder, 2003", 189009,Stenothyra krungtepensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,krungtepensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 189075,Austropyrgus halletensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,halletensis,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189076,Diplodon chilensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Diplodon,chilensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1828)", 189010,Chilina angusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,angusta,,,,,"Philippi, 1860", 189077,Akiyoshia kishiiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Akiyoshia,kishiiana,,,,,"Kuroda, Habe, & Tamu, 1958", 189011,Hubendickia microsculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,microsculpta,,,,,"(Brandt, 1968)","This species was originally placed in the genus Manningiella, but was later changed to Hubendickia (Davis et al. 1989)." 189078,Hydrobia semistriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,semistriata,,,,,"(d’Orbigny, 1847)","There is some confusion as to the genus- and family-level classification of this species. Da Silva and Davis (1983) place records from Patagonia and the Falkland Islands under the genus Paludestrina and state that it does not belong to the family Hydrobiidae. Forcelli (2000) records the species from Chile under the genus Hydrobia, from the family Hydrobiidae. Previous classifications have all been based on morphological characters." 189012,Gyraulus hesperus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,hesperus,,,,,"Iredale, 1943","The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies. However, as currently delimited, the species is considered to be widespread." 189079,Assiminea moellendorffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,moellendorffi,,,,,"Boettger, 1887", 189013,Thiara plicaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,plicaria,,,,,"Born, 1780","This species was previously known as Melania plicaria (Starmühlner 1984) and Melanoides (Stenomelania) plicaria (McLaughlin and Murray 1990) in past literature. This species is currently affiliated with the genus Stenomelania, not Thiara (Glaubrecht and Podlacha 2010)." 189014,Baicalia dybowskiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Baicalia,dybowskiana,,,,,"Lindholm, 1909","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189080,Lanceolaria cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lanceolaria,cylindrica,,,,,"Simpson, 1900","This species has been re-named from Unio grayanus (Schrenk 1867). Graf (2007) lists four 'comparatorial' species as probable synonyms of L. cylindrica: L. maacki (Moskvicheva, 1973), L. chankensis (Moskvicheva, 1973), L. ussuriensis (Moskvicheva, 1973) and L. bogatovi (Zatravkina and Starobogatov, 1984)." 189015,Akiyoshia sachalinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Akiyoshia,sachalinensis,,,,,"Zatrawkin & Bogatov, 1988", 189081,Acroloxus orientalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,orientalis,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1991", 189016,Brotia henriettae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,henriettae,,,,,"(Griffin & Pidgeon, 1834)","Brotia henriettae is type species of Wanga Chen, 1943, by original designation. This genus is considered a junior synonym of Brotia (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006). Brotia is contained within the family Pachychilidae (Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006)." 189082,Austropyrgus sinuatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,sinuatus,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189017,Leiorhagium ruali,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,ruali,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189083,Nitia acuminata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nitia,acuminata,,,,,"Haas, 1969", 189018,Bayardella johni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Bayardella,johni,,,,,"(Burch, 1977)", 189084,Daudebardiella asiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Daudebardiella,asiana,,,,,"Boettger, 1905", 189019,Physastra nasuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Physastra,nasuta,,,,,"Morelet, 1857", 189085,Amuropaludina praerosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Amuropaludina,praerosa,,,,,"(Gerstfeldt, 1859)","The genus for this species is still in question, as it has been suggested to be either Viviparus or Amuropaludina (M.V. Vinarski pers. comm. 2010)." 189086,Stenothyra roseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,roseni,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",This species is in need of taxonomic review. 189020,Leiorhagium cathartes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,cathartes,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189087,Leiorhagium orokau,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,orokau,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998","Further taxanomic studies are suggested as this species may represent a complex of species, with several narrow-range species, rather than the current relatively broad-range single species. Molecular studies (not yet performed) would be needed to assess this (P. Bouchet pers. comm. 2011)." 189021,Septaria macrocephala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Septaria,macrocephala,,,,,"Récluz, 1842", 189088,Pomacea bridgesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,bridgesii,,,,,"(Reeve, 1856)","According to Cowie and Thiengo (2003), P. scalaris is considered a separate species, but Ghesquiere (2007) considers it to be part of the P. bridgesii complex. Cowie et al. (2006), however, consider it to be the head of the complex." 189023,Jullienia acuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,acuta,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 18909,Poropuntius speleops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,speleops,,,,,"(Roberts, 1991)", 189024,Anisus stroemi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,stroemi,,,,,"Westerlund, 1881", 189090,Ultraphysella sinaloae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Ultraphysella,sinaloae,,,,,"Taylor, 2003", 189025,Inversidens pantoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Inversidens,pantoensis,,,,,"Neumayr, 1899","The taxonomy of Inversidens is unresolved in Russia (D. V. Damme pers. comm. 2011)." 189091,Mexinauta impluviatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Mexinauta,impluviatus,,,,,"Morelet, 1849", 189026,Anentome jullieni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,NASSARIIDAE,Anentome,jullieni,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1876)","The taxonomy for this species needs to be revised. Some authors consider C. broti and C. bizonata as conspecific with this species; however Brandt (1974) considers C. jullieni as a valid species." 189027,Littoridina coquimbensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,coquimbensis,,,,,"Biese, 1944", 189028,Gabbia carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,carinata,,,,,"Ponder, 2003", 189094,Ferrissia beaui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,beaui,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1853)", 189095,Polymesoda expansa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Polymesoda,expansa,,,,,"Mousson, 1849","This species was previously known as Geloina expansa (Morton 1984)." 189096,Biomphalaria schrammi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,schrammi,,,,,"(Crosse, 1864)",DeJong et al. (2001) found that the genetic distance between this species and other Biomphalaria was approximately the same as that between this species and Helisoma trivolvis. They suggest that this species might represent a third distinct genus-level lineage (DeJong et al. 2001). 189030,Paludomus nigricans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,nigricans,,,,,"Reeve, 1847", 189097,Turricaspia dagestanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,dagestanica,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189031,Heleobia sublineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,sublineata,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1911)","The genus of this species changed from Littoridina to Heleobia (Stimpson 1865)." 189098,Godlewskia columella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Godlewskia,columella,,,,,"Lindholm, 1909","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species, Lindholm classified this into order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, however Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in the order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, while Ponder and Warren placed this in the family of Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001). According to Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Baicaliidae is the subfamily of the family Amnicolidae." 189099,Anisus kussakini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,kussakini,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997", 189034,Acroloxus klucharevae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,klucharevae,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1991", 18910,Pupilla ficulnea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pupilla,ficulnea,,,,,"(Tate, 1894)", 189100,Gyraulus waterhousei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,waterhousei,,,,,"(Clessin, 1885)","There is some confusion about this species' taxonomic status, so that further clarification is recommended (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). According to Brown (2001) this species and G. gilberti may form a single species with continuous distribution in Australia." 189036,Chilina aurantia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,aurantia,,,,,"Marshall, 1924", 189037,Thiara australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,australis,,,,,"(I. Lea & H.C. Lea, 1851)","This species may also be known as Melania australis in the historical literature (ABRS 2009)." 189038,Segmentina mica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,mica,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1883)","Russian malacologists consider this species as a junior synonym of Polypylis nitidella, thus its proper generic position is still unclear (M.V. Vinarski pers. comm. 2011)." 189103,Iravadia mahimensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,mahimensis,,,,,"(Melvill, 1893)", 189039,Tricula gravelyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,gravelyi,,,,,"Prashad, 1921",This species is in need of taxonomic revision. 189104,Cipangopaludina annandalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,annandalei,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 189105,Pisidium yarkandense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,yarkandense,,,,,"Prashad, 1933","The family this species has been placed in is listed as Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; traditionally this is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189040,Sphaerium lauricochae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,lauricochae,,,,,"Philippi, 1869","This species has been placed in the family Sphaerium in accordance with Parada & Pereda (2002). It was originally listed as Cyclas laurichochae by Philippi, 1869 (Ituarte 1995). However, there have been previous taxonomic problems with this species due to the loss of Philippi's specimens, and a small damaged collection in 1963 of shells from Peru and Argentina (Kuiper and Hinz 1984).

From the shape, variation and hinge morphology, this species is very similar to S. forbessi and S. titicacaneses, intially thought to be variations of the same species; however, Kuiper and Hinz (1984) have validated this species as Sphaerium laurichochae.[S. forbesi and S. laurichochae can be distinguished primarily through shape and morphology of juveniles; Kuiper and Hinz (1984)]." 189106,Alasmidonta undulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,undulata,,,,,"Say, 1817","Taxonomic confusion surrounds two morphologically similar species: Alasmidonta undulata and Alasmidonta triangulata. Historically, specimens assigned to A. undulata were identified as A. triangulata. Graf and Cummings (2007) classify them as separate species and A. undulata is considered the sister species to Alasmidonta arcula (Bogan et al. 2008).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189041,Kanakyella gentilsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Kanakyella,gentilsiana,,,,,"Crosse, 1974", 189107,Salinator swatowensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,AMPHIBOLIDAE,Salinator,swatowensis,,,,,"Yen, 1939","Golding et al. (2007) suggest that this species is now Naranjia swatowensis, but are waiting for further anatomical examinations of specimens to confirm this." 189042,Pisidium chilense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,chilense,,,,,"(d’Orbigny, 1846)", 189108,Pyrgulopsis stearnsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,stearnsiana,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1899)", 189109,Lioplax subcarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Lioplax,subcarinata,,,,,"(Say, 1816)", 18911,Pupilla pupula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pupilla,pupula,,,,,"Deshayes, 1863", 189045,Melanoides pamiricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,pamiricus,,,,,"Lindholm, 1930", 189110,Heleobia davisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,davisi,,,,,"Silva & Thomé, 1985", 189046,Pomacea glauca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,glauca,,,,,"(Linneaus, 1758)", 189112,Glacidorbis tasmanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,GLACIDORBIDAE,Glacidorbis,tasmanicus,,,,,"Ponder & Avern, 2000", 189113,Pseudancylastrum troschelii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Pseudancylastrum,troschelii,,,,,"Dybowski, 1875", 189114,Brotia kelantanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,kelantanensis,,,,,"(Preston, 1907)", 189115,Kobeltocochlea martensiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Kobeltocochlea,martensiana,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1875)","Russian authors (see for axample Sitnikova et al. 2004) place the genus Kobeltocochlea in the family Benedictiidae." 189050,Semisulcospira ourense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,ourense,,,,,"Watanabe & Nishino, 1984","Strong and Köhler (2009) suggest placement of this species in the family Semisulcospiridae. Some authors consider Biwamelania as a synonym or subgenus of Semisulcospira, and this treatment has recently been supported by a revision of the superfamily (Strong et al. 2011). This species may be in need of taxonomic revision, since its status has not been revised since its original description (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010)." 189051,Pseudamnicola brusiniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,brusiniana,,,,,"Clessin & Dybowski, 1888", 189117,Tryonia porrecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,porrecta,,,,,"Mighels, 1845", 189052,Pomacea pomum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,pomum,,,,,"(Philippi, 1851)", 189118,Helicorbis kushanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Helicorbis,kushanica,,,,,"Izzatullaev, 1980", 189053,Eupera cubensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,cubensis,,,,,"(Prime, 1865)", 189119,Ferrissia californica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,californica,,,,,"(Rowell, 1863)","Genetic examination of the molecular phylogeny of the global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American ancylid taxa form a well-supported clade, the Bulinini (Albrecht et al. 2007). The species name Ferrissia californica precedes Ferrissia fragilis (Taylor 1981), but the American Fisheries Society (Turgeon et al. 1998) publication lists fragilis; hopefully this will be rectified in the next edition." 189054,Pisidium globulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,globulus,,,,,"Clessin, 1888", 18912,Pupilla obliquicosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pupilla,obliquicosta,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1892",This species is currently placed as taxon inquirendum by MolluscaBase (2022). 189061,Neritina turtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,turtoni,,,,,"Récluz, 1843","

The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on its biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed).

" 189120,Euglesa gurvichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,gurvichi,,,,,"Starobogatov & Izzatullaev, 1985", 189062,Segmentina distinguenda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,distinguenda,,,,,"Gredler, 1859","In Europe, this species is placed under Segmentina nitida (M. Vinarski pers. comm. 2010)." 189121,Ophicardelus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Ophicardelus,sulcatus,,,,,"(H. & A. Adams, 1855)","The common south-eastern Australian estuarine ellobiid snails belonging to Ophicardelus have been considered to be one variable taxon by some authors, and three largely sympatric species by others. In 2004, Hyman et al. (2004) clarified that Ophicardelus ornatus, O. quoyi and O. sulcatus should be regarded as valid species." 189063,Cochliopina tryoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Cochliopina,tryoniana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1890", 189122,Stagnicola saridalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,saridalensis,,,,,"(Mozley, 1934)","Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009). Mozley (1937) discusses this species as Lymnaea palustris saridalensis.

We follow MolluscaBase (2021) in placing this species in genus Stagnicola." 189064,Paludomus cincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,cincta,,,,,"Liu, Zhang & Duan, 1994",This name is used by some Chinese authors to refer to semisulcospirid species from Yunnan. Therefore a taxonomic review is required (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010). 189124,Pyrgula grimmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,grimmi,,,,,"(Dybowksi, 1888)","Pyrgula grimmi (Clessin in Dybowski, 1888) is a synonym of this species." 189066,Assiminea philippinica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,philippinica,,,,,"Boettger, 1887", 189125,Rhipidodonta hylaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Rhipidodonta,hylaea,,,,,"d’Orbigny, 1835","At present, there are several subspecies; R. hylaea guaraniana, R. hylaea asuncionis and R. hylaea pazi. The status of this species is uncertain due to a lack of anatomical and glochidal information (A. Bogan pers. comm. 2011). Therefore the southern records for this species will probably be altered to Rhipidodonta guaraniana (d'Orbigny 1835) when this group is revised (K. Cummings pers. comm. 2011)." 189126,Haitia venustula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Haitia,venustula,,,,,(Gould 1847),Physa nodulosa has been synonymised with this species. 189068,Caspiohydrobia behningi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Caspiohydrobia,behningi,,,,,"Starobogatov & Andreeva, 1981", 189127,Pisidium meierbrooki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,meierbrooki,,,,,"Kuiper & Hinz, 1983","Although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family (Pisiidae), traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. We have followed this traditional placement in this assessment." 189069,Musculium compressum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,compressum,,,,,"Mousson, 1887","There is some debate over whether the genus Musculium should in fact change to Sphaerium, with Musculium becoming demoted to subgenus level (Lee and O'Foighil 2003).

Galimulina et al. (2004a) and Tokmakova et al. (2006) confirm that the taxonomic authority is Mousson, 1887. However, Dolgin et al. (2004), Slugina (2006a, 2006b) and Kantor et al. (2009) state the taxonomic authority as Middendorff, 1851. Slugina (2006a, 2006b) also makes reference to this species being a synonym of Sphaerium lacustre, while Galimulina et al. (2004b) places this species in the family Pisidiidae." 189128,Cyclonaias nodulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyclonaias,nodulata,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","This species was previously recorded as Quadrula nodulata, but is now known as Amphinaias nodulata (Graf and Cummings 2007).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 18913,Pupina coxeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Pupina,coxeni,,,,,"Brazier, 1876", 189131,Elimia athearni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,athearni,,,,,"(Clench & Turner, 1956)","Chambers (1990) synonymized Elimia albanyensis, Elimia athearni, and Elimia catanoides with Elimia boykiniana based on the constancy of the shape of the outer lip of the aperture and old museum lots consisting of shells exhibiting a range of variation." 189133,Pseudopaludinella cygnea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudopaludinella,cygnea,,,,,"Anistratenko, 1992", 189134,Nephronaias scamnata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nephronaias,scamnata,,,,,"Morelet, 1849","This species has sometimes been confused with male individuals of Nephronaias gundlachi. This is due to an overlap in both species range (Johnson 1981).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189136,Galba cubensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,cubensis,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1839)","The ICZN (1999, opinion 1896) fixed Buccinum truncatulum Muller, 1774 as the type species of the nominal genus Galba Schrank, 1803; it also placed Galba Schrank, 1803 on the Official List of Species Names in Zoology, thereby replacing the current usage of the name Fossaria Westerlund, 1885, which now a junior objective synonym. 

In Europe Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba based on ICZN opinion 1896, whereas in North American Fossaria was used for this genus (Turgeon et al., 1998).  The latest publication on the conservation status of the North America Gastropods (Johnson et al., 2013) used Galba for the genus in North America, thus the IUCN Red List is now following this convention and all species previously recognised as Fossaria are now in genus Galba.

The Galba bulimoides group is in flux (Burch 1989; Hubendick, 1951) with species variably recognised as forms, varieties subspecies or full species.

Dillon et al. (2006) follows Hubendick (1951) in placing this species in the genus Lymnaea, with Fossaria as a subspecies.  The analysis of the prostate surface, preputium and penis sheath lengths and the anterior and posterior width of the penis sheath allow a clear separation between Galba cubensis and Galba truncatula (Samadi et al. 2000), so G. cubensis is a distinct species, not a synonym of G. truncatula." 189137,Arcidens confragosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Arcidens,confragosus,,,,,"Say, 1829","This species was originally described in the genus Alasmidonta by Say in 1829, from the Fox River - an arm of the Wabash in southern Illinois. It has also previously been placed in the genera Margaritana, Complanaria, Baphia and Unio. The morphology of the shell suggests a relationship to Arcidens wheeleri, both of which where placed in Arcidens by Graf and Cummings (2007). Similar species include Amblema plicata and Megalonaias nervosa (NatureServe 2009).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189138,Prisodon obliquus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Prisodon,obliquus,,,,,"Schumacher, 1817", 189139,Acroloxus rossicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,rossicus,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1991", 18914,Pupina pfeifferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Pupina,pfeifferi,,,,,"Dohrn, 1862", 189140,Neritina bicanaliculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,bicanaliculata,,,,,"Rècluz, 1849","The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on its biology and distribution are scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed)." 189141,Viviparus tricinctus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,tricinctus,,,,,"Liu, Zhang & Wang, 1994","This taxon has been described as a member of the genus Viviparus. However the taxonomy of Chinese Viviparidae is considered to be in disarray. The validity of this taxon as a real species is currently dubious and it is possibly a junior synonym of an already introduced species. Therefore the species is in need of a comprehensive taxonomic revision (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2011)." 189142,Gabbiella araxena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,araxena,,,,,"Akramowski, 1970", 189143,Caspiohydrobia pavlovskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Caspiohydrobia,pavlovskii,,,,,"Starobogatov & Izzatullaev, 1974", 189144,Thiara rudicostis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,rudicostis,,,,,"Brot, 1874",The contemporary existence of this species requires verification. 189145,Glacidorbis bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,GLACIDORBIDAE,Glacidorbis,bicarinatus,,,,,"Ponder & Avern, 2000", 189146,Godlewskia pulchella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Godlewskia,pulchella,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1875)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189147,Drepanotrema cimex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Drepanotrema,cimex,,,,,"Moricand, 1839", 189148,Pisidium etheridgii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,etheridgii,,,,,"Smith, 1882", 189149,Mekongia lamarcki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,lamarcki,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1876)", 18915,Pupina brenchleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Pupina,brenchleyi,,,,,"Dohrn, 1862", 189150,Heleobia atacamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,atacamensis,,,,,"(Philippi, 1860)","The genus of this species changed from Littoridina to Heleobia (G. Pastorino and G.Darrigran pers. comm. 2010)." 189151,Anodontites elongatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Anodontites,elongatus,,,,,"Swainson, 1823","This species is placed in the family Mycetopodidae, not Unionidae (K.Cummings pers. comm. 2010). Work in progress suggests that there is more than one species represented under this name (A. elongatus). Until taxonomic issues are resolved this species cannot be assessed (K.Cummings pers. comm. 2010)." 189152,Musculium quirindi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,quirindi,,,,,"Korniushin, 2000","There is some debate over whether the genus Musculium should in fact change to Sphaerium, with Musculium becoming demoted to subgenus level (Lee and O'Foighil 2003)." 189155,Sinanodonta ogurae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Sinanodonta,ogurae,,,,,"(Kuroda & Habe, 1987)","Fukuhara, S., Kihira, H., and Nagata, Y. 1987. Living in Yodogawa Oguranumagai Oguranodonta ogurae Kuroda and Habe morphology and habitat. Notes on form and habitat of Oguranodonta ogurae Kuroda and Habe in the River Yodo. This species is referred to as Sinanodonta ogurae by Graf and cummings (2007), therefore may need taxonomically reviewing." 189157,Caledoconcha mariapetrae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Caledoconcha,mariapetrae,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189158,Lithoglyphopsis viridulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lithoglyphopsis,viridulus,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1888", 189159,Gerstfeldtiancylus benedictiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Gerstfeldtiancylus,benedictiae,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1989", 18916,Pupina complanata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Pupina,complanata,,,,,"Pease, 1860", 189160,Elliptio cylindracea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,cylindracea,,,,,"Frierson, 1927","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. Johnson (1970) grouped many named taxa under a single name. Based on genetic data, Davis and Mulvey (1993) recognized E. lugubris as a species distinct from Elliptio icterina, a taxonomic status consistent with Turgeon et al. (1998). The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain at this time (A. Bogan pers. comm. 2010).

This species name has changed from Elliptio lugubris (I. Lea 1834) [preoccupied name].

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189161,Cassidula aurisfelis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Cassidula,aurisfelis,,,,,"Bruguière, 1789","In DEWHA (2009) the taxonomic authority is incorrectly stated as Bruguière, 1792." 189162,Chilina subcylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,subcylindrica,,,,,"Sowerby, 1841", 189163,Martensamnicola kazakhstanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Martensamnicola,kazakhstanica,,,,,"Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985", 189164,Mekongia turbinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,turbinata,,,,,"Deshayes, 1876","This species was described by Deshayes and Julien 1876, from a specific locality in the Mekong, 'I'lle Ca-Lgniou', which is possibly an old French colonial name for an island in the river. Since then this taxon has not been referenced, hence the taxonomy requires revision." 189167,Ellobium aurismidae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Ellobium,aurismidae,,,,,"Röding, 1798", 189168,Salinator sanchezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,AMPHIBOLIDAE,Salinator,sanchezi,,,,,"Quadras & Moellendorff, 1895","Golding et al. (2007) question whether this species is separate from Amphibola quadrasi. They also note a subspecies, Salinator sanchezi spurca (Golding et al. 2007)." 189169,Trochorbis anastasiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Trochorbis,anastasiae,,,,,"Izzatullaev, 1973", 189170,Stenomelania crenulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Stenomelania,crenulata,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1838)",Also recorded as Stenomelania cuenulatus and Melanoides crenulatus (Deshayes 1838). This species is recorded as M. crenulata in most publications (Goodrich 1936). It is a member of the genus Stenomelania (T. von Rintelen pers. comm. 2010). 189171,Hemistomia aquilonaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,aquilonaris,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189172,Biomphalaria havanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,havanensis,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1839)","Genetic examination of the molecular phylogeny of global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American taxa within the subfamily Planorbinae form a well-supported clade, which is as yet unnamed but referred to as the C-Clade (Albrecht et al. 2007). This species is sometimes referred to as Biomphalaria obstructa (Morelet 1849), a likely synonym." 189174,Valvata bathybia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,bathybia,,,,,"Dybowski, 1886","Kantor et al. (2009) lists this species as Cincinna bathybia with a synonym of Valvata (Cincinna) bathybia. Due to the results of previous assessments of Valvata, this assessment is applied to Valvata and not Cincinna, as the latter is listed as a sub-genus based on some research results (M. V. Vinarski pers. comm. 2010)." 189175,Polypylis sibirica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Polypylis,sibirica,,,,,"Starobogatov & Streletzkaja, 1967",
 189176,Pomacea interrupta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,interrupta,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1909)","This species was originally in the genus Ampullaria Montfort (1810). It is mentioned as available by Cowie and Thiengo (2003). Further research is required to determine the correct taxonomy as there has been no new infomation besides the original description (G. Pastorino pers. comm. 2011)." 189177,Austropyrgus colensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,colensis,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189178,Clithon oualaniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,oualaniensis,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 189179,Lymnaea vulnerata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,vulnerata,,,,,"(Küster, 1862)","The taxonomic status of this species, and hence it's range, is uncertain. Vinarski (2003) describes how Lymnaea vulnerata was once regarded as a distinct variety within the polymorphic species Lymnaea palustris (Müller 1774). Research on this group is showing that there are cryptic species lying within the Lymnaeidae, and hence the species group requires further research.

Various authors, such as Kruglov and Starobogatov (1986)  have added confusion, through incorrectly synonymising the species with Catascopia terebra (previously known as G. occulta) and Beran (2002) referring to L. vulnerata as Stagnicola fuscus. Jackiewicz  (1998) examined material from the type locality in Croatia, and gave data on the anatomy, noting that the species should not be synonymised with Stagnicola fuscus. Later Vinarski and Gloer (2008) noted that the anatomy was certainly different to Catascopia terebra and hence the species could not be listed as a synonym of this species.

In the opinion of Vinarski (2003), the taxonomic position of L. vulnerata has to be investigated further.

" 18918,Pupisoma sp. nov. 1,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Pupisoma,sp. nov. 1,,,,,, 189181,Heleobia ortoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,ortoni,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1924)", 189182,Baicalia wrzeniowskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Baicalia,wrzeniowskii,,,,,"Dybowski, 1875","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001). According to Sitnikova et al. (2004), the species is placed into the genus Godlewskia Crosse and Fisher, 1887, and consists of three subspecies: G. wrzesniowskii wrzesniowskii (Dyb.), G. w. profunda (Lindholm, 1924) and G. w. olchoensis (Kozhov, 1936)." 189183,Coxiella glabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Coxiella,glabra,,,,,"Macpherson, 1957", 189184,Phrantela angulifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,angulifera,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 189186,Pisidium observationis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,observationis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1911","Although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family (Pisiidae), traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. We have followed this traditional placement in this assessment." 189187,Cavernacmella yamamotonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Cavernacmella,yamamotonis,,,,,"Minato, 1975","This species is listed under the genus Paludinella in the Japan Red Data Book (2007)." 189188,Glacidorbis hedleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,GLACIDORBIDAE,Glacidorbis,hedleyi,,,,,"Iredale, 1943", 189189,Maackia herderiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Maackia,herderiana,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1909)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 18919,Pupisoma orcula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Pupisoma,orcula,,,,,"(Benson, 1850)", 189190,Semisulcospira pacificans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,pacificans,,,,,"Heude, 1888",This species was classifed in the genus Melania prior to Yen's classification (1939). 189191,Gyraulus heudei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,heudei,,,,,"(Clessin, 1886)", 189192,Mekongia rattei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Mekongia,rattei,,,,,"Crosse & Fischer, 1876", 189195,Corbicula blandiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,blandiana,,,,,"Prime, 1864", 189196,Glyptophysa gibbosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Glyptophysa,gibbosa,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)","Further taxonomic work is suggested as the taxonomy of this genus is uncertain (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). The genus Glyptophysa is found across virtually all of Australia, and many species have been described. The shells are morphologically very variable and no revision of the genus has been published to date. Therefore the genus could be made up of a few widespread species or many narrow range taxa (S. Clark pers. comm. 2011)." 189197,Assiminea globulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,globulus,,,,,"Connolly, 1939", 189198,Austropyrgus eumekes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,eumekes,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189199,Lymnaea tumrokensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,tumrokensis,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1985","The story of its taxonomic identification is rather complicated since several hypotheses about the systematic position of the Tumrok lymnaeids were proposed. Starobogatov and Streletzkaja (1967)

found that, conchologically, this sample may be divided in two distinct groups of individuals that were determined as belonging to two North American lymnaeid species: Lymnaea modicella (Say, 1825) and L. bulimoides (Lea, 1841). Notwithstanding, Starobogatov and Streletzkaja (1967) proposed to identify some Tumrok snails with Limnaea peregra var. middendorffi W. Dybowski, 1903, and re-classified them as a subspecies L. bulimoides middendorffi (Dyb.). This opinion was based solely on the study of shell structure, and no comparison with Nearctic snails was provided by the authors.

Later on, Kruglov and Starobogatov (1985, 1989) concluded that the two species belong to distinct species, which are endemic of Kamchatka, and even to two different subgenera of the genus Lymnaea Lamarck, 1799 sensu lato. In the Kruglov (2005) monograph, the Tumrok snails are presented under the names Lymnaea (Orientogalba) tumrokensis Kruglov and Starobogatov, 1985 and Lymnaea (Polyrhytis) kurenkovi Kruglov and Starobogatov, 1989. These species were distinguished using the shell proportions (Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1985, 1989; Kruglov, 2005). According to the original diagnoses, L. kurenkovi has ovoid shell with wide spire (0.4 of the shell height); the aperture with an angle of about 90° on the top; the body whorl is 0.80 ¬– 0.83 of the shell height; suture is shallow. Lymnaea tumrokensis differs by ovoid-conical shell and conical spire with medium height (0.5 of the shell height); the aperture with an angle less than 90° on the top; the body whorl is 0.70 of the shell height; suture is deep. Their probable phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships with Nearctic lymnaeids were not discussed. After studying topotypes both species from Tumrok thermal springs using conchological, anatomical and molecular genetic studies in 2015 was to re-assess its taxonomic position (Vinarski et al., 2016). This species has a very close affinity to a Nearctic group of taxa known as the Stagnicola elodes group. The same authors consider the valid generic placement for the species as Ladislavella tumrokensis (Kruglov et Starobogatov, 1985)

" 18920,Pupoidopsis hawaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Pupoidopsis,hawaiensis,,,,,"Cooke & Pilsbry, 1920", 189201,Laemodonta exaratoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,exaratoides,,,,,"Kawabe, 1992", 189202,Hubendickia rolfbrandti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,rolfbrandti,,,,,"Temcharoen, 1971", 189203,Littoridina oblonga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,oblonga,,,,,"Biese, 1944", 189204,Coxiella pyrrhostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Coxiella,pyrrhostoma,,,,,"(Cox, 1868)", 189205,Tropinauta sinusdulcensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Tropinauta,sinusdulcensis,,,,,"Taylor, 2003", 189207,Galba bulimoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,bulimoides,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)","In Europe Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba whereas in North American Fossaria was used for this genus (Turgeon et al., 1998).  The latest publication on the conservation status of the North America Gastropods (Johnson et al., 2013) used Galba for the genus in North America, thus the IUCN Red List is now following this convention and all species previously recognised as Fossaria are now in genus Galba.

The Galba bulimoides group is in flux (Burch 1989; Hubendick, 1951) with species variably recognised as forms, varieties subspecies or full species." 189208,Assiminea kurodai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,kurodai,,,,,"Habe, 1942", 189211,Nurekia triculiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Nurekia,triculiformis,,,,,"Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985", 189212,Neritina zigzag,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,zigzag,,,,,"Lamarck, 1822", 189213,Hamiota australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hamiota,australis,,,,,"(Simpson, 1990)",This species was formerly in the genus Lampsilis (Roe and Hartfield 2005). 189216,Cyclotropis papuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Cyclotropis,papuensis,,,,,"(Tapparone-Canefri, 1883)", 189218,Jullienia nodulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,nodulosa,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 189219,Austropyrgus elongatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,elongatus,,,,,"(May, 1921)", 189221,Pomacea costaricana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,costaricana,,,,,"(Martens, 1899)", 189222,Mexipyrgus carranzae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Mexipyrgus,carranzae,,,,,"Taylor, 1966", 189223,Littoridinops palustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridinops,palustris,,,,,"Thompson, 1968", 189224,Gangetia burmana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Gangetia,burmana,,,,,Prashad, 189225,Corbicula amurensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,amurensis,,,,,"Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994","Corbicula is a notoriously variable taxon, therefore this species' taxonomy is in need of revision (T. V. Rintelen pers. comm. 2011). This species is possibly a form of Corbicula japonica (D.V Damme pers. comm. 2011)." 189226,Littoridina compacta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,compacta,,,,,"Biese, 1944", 189227,Anisus zhirmunskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,zhirmunskii,,,,,"Prozorova, 2003", 189228,Semisulcospira decipiens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,decipiens,,,,,"Westerlund, 1883",Strong and Köhler (2009) suggest placement of this species in the family Semisulcospiridae. 189229,Bayardella cosmeta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Bayardella,cosmeta,,,,,"Iredale, 1943", 189230,Leiorhagium granum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,granum,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189231,Mexinauta peruvianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Mexinauta,peruvianus,,,,,"(Gray, 1828)","Paraense (2003) examined specimens of this species collected between 1955 and 1965, and found them ""anatomically indistinguishable"" from Physa acuta." 189232,Anisus centrifugops,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,centrifugops,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997", 189233,Semisulcospira morii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,morii,,,,,"Watanabe, 1984","This species may be in need of taxonomic revision (F.Köhler pers. comm. 2010), since Strong and Köhler (2009) suggest placement of this species in the family Semisulcospiridae. Some authors consider Biwa as a synonym or subgenus of Semisulcospira." 189235,Melanoides rufescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,rufescens,,,,,"Marten, 1860","This species is now Stenomelania rufescens (T. von Rintelen pers. comm. 2010)." 189236,Kolhymorbis shadini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Kolhymorbis,shadini,,,,,"Starobogatov & Streletzkaja, 1967", 189237,Radix hamadai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,hamadai,,,,,"Habe, 1968","This species requires taxonomic review. It is possible that it was previously called Biwakoia as this species is often refered to as Radix (Biwakoia) hamadai." 189239,Corbicula moltkiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,moltkiana,,,,,"Prime, 1878", 189241,Fluvidona dorrigoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluvidona,dorrigoensis,,,,,"Miller, Ponder & Clark, 1999", 189242,Anodonta impura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,impura,,,,,"Say, 1829",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 189243,Fontigens antroecetes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Fontigens,antroecetes,,,,,"Hubricht, 1972", 189244,Pyrgula kolesnikoviana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,kolesnikoviana,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1966", 189245,Pisidium zugmayeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,zugmayeri,,,,,"Weber, 1910","The family this species has been placed in is listed as Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; traditionally this is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189246,Falsipyrgula bakhtarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Falsipyrgula,bakhtarana,,,,,"Schutt & Mansoorian, 2000", 189247,Teratobaikalia duthiersii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Teratobaikalia,duthiersii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1875)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001). In the most recent Russian literature, this species is included into the genus Teratobaikalia Lindholm, 1999. It is stated that the species consists of three subspecies: T. duthiersii duthiersii (Dyb.), T. d. angarensis (B. Dybowski, 1912), and T. d. pachypleura (Lindholm, 1924) (Sitnikova et al. 2004)." 189249,Lithoglyphopsis grandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lithoglyphopsis,grandis,,,,,"Liu et al., 1980", 189250,Batissa inflata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Batissa,inflata,,,,,"Prime, 1860", 189251,Pomacea cubensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,cubensis,,,,,"(Morelet, 1849)", 189252,Platynerita rufa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITILIIDAE,Platynerita,rufa,,,,,"Kano & Kase, 2003", 189253,Austropeplea lessoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Austropeplea,lessoni,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1830)","This species was synonymised from 13 species to one by Hubendick's (1951) review of Australia and New Zealand lymnaeids. This was based on only three samples, making the validity of the classification questionable. A recent molecular phylogenetic analysis resolved the western (NA and WA) and eastern populations as two distinct lineages, indicating that they belong to separate species (Puslednik et al. 2009). However, both of these lineages are still currently placed under A.lessoni." 189254,Gabbia lutaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,lutaria,,,,,"Ponder, 2003",This species is very similar to G. adusta (Ponder 2003). 189255,Moria kubotai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Moria,kubotai,,,,,"(Kuroda & Habe, 1958)", 189257,Rhamphopoma magnum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Rhamphopoma,magnum,,,,,"Haas, 1955", 189258,Segmentina molytes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,molytes,,,,,"Westerlund, 1885", 189259,Jullienia crooki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,crooki,,,,,"Brandt, 1968","Erroneously considered a synonym of Pachydrobia crooki Brandt, 1968 by some workers." 189260,Pisidium ellipticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ellipticum,,,,,"(Mori, 1936)","

The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. Graf and Cummings (2011) place this species in the synonymy of P. casertanum, however, it is unclear on what this synonymisation is based. Bogan (2010), on the other hand, still retains the species as Pisidium ellipticum in his checklist, as do Kantor et al. (2009). In the Russian literature the species is cited as Euglesa (Castertiana) elliptica (Mori, 1938), and Prozorova (1996) lists Euglesa elliptica as occurring on the southern Kuril Islands. Left under genus Pisidium, as no recent revision of this group using molecular data. Further research required. 

" 189262,Laevicaspia conus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Laevicaspia,conus,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1838)", 189263,Littoridina santiagensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,santiagensis,,,,,"Biese, 1944", 189264,Ferrissia petterdi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,petterdi,,,,,"(Johnston, 1879)",Johnston (1879) originally classified this species as Gundlachia petterdi. 189265,Notopala waterhousii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Notopala,waterhousii,,,,,"A. Adams & Angas, 1864", 189266,Pyrgula sowinskyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,sowinskyi,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189267,Anulotaia mekongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Anulotaia,mekongensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1970","This is a valid species and mentioned in Prasankok et al. (2009)." 189269,Sphaerium myadii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,myadii,,,,,"Mori, 1933", 189270,Pisidium centrale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,centrale,,,,,"Korniushin, 2000", 189271,Caldicochlea globosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Caldicochlea,globosa,,,,,"(Ponder, Colgan, Terzis, Clark & Miller, 1996)", 189272,Pomacea chemnitzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,chemnitzii,,,,,"(Philippi, 1852)","This species could be synonymous of P. lineata Spix, but there is no agreement on this issue to date (Cowie and Thiengo 2003)." 189273,Rivularia auriculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Rivularia,auriculata,,,,,"(von Martens, 1875)",This species is in need of taxonomic revision. 189274,Hubendickia coronata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,coronata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",Davis et al. (1989) consider this to be a valid species. 189275,Fusconaia flava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,flava,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","Sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed two divergent clades, one consisting of specimens located throughout the upper and lower Mississippi River drainages and the Red River (Canada) and Lake Erie drainages as well as all Fusconaia cerina specimens (the study utilised material from the Sipsey River, Alabama, and Yellow Creek, Mississippi); and one consisting of specimens located in the far western portion of the range that may comprise an undescribed species, although the authors admit more morphological and genetic studies are needed to determine the precise taxonomic status of this latter clade (Burdick and White 2007).

Synonyms include Unio undatus (Barnes, 1823), Unio rubiginosus (Lea, 1829) and Unio trigonus (Lea, 1831). A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189276,Iravadia nipponica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,nipponica,,,,,"Kuroda & Habe, 1954", 189277,Paludomus siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,siamensis,,,,,"Blanford, 1903",A possible synonymy has been suggested with Paludomus conica (Gray) from specimens collected in Cambodia (Blanford 1903). 189278,Armiger annandalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Armiger,annandalei,,,,,"Germain, 1918", 189280,Turricaspia sajenkovae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,sajenkovae,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189282,Lithasiopsis mexicanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Lithasiopsis,mexicanus,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1910","Thompson (2008) puts this species into the family Pleuroceridae Fischer, 1885, not Pachychilidae as otherwise listed." 189283,Neritina coromandeliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,coromandeliana,,,,,"Sowerby, 1832","The taxonomy of neritids is ""in state of flux""; the delineation of this species needs further investigation." 189286,Anemina euscaphys,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anemina,euscaphys,,,,,"(Heude, 1879)","Using Russian taxonomy, this species has been separated into Anemina euscaphys [China] and Anemina fuscoviridis (Moskvicheva, 1973). Graf and Cummings (2007) also refer to this species as Anemina euscaphys." 189287,Leptoxis carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Leptoxis,carinata,,,,,"(Bruquiere, 1792)", 189288,Gyraulus pankongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,pankongensis,,,,,"von Martens, 1882", 189289,Fontigens binneyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Fontigens,binneyana,,,,,"Hannibal, 1912","This species was formerly listed as Fontigens obtusa (Lea, 1841), a preoccupied name by Paludina obtusa Troschel, 1837; but was renamed (Morrison, 1947). There is some question as to whether it is actually a misidentification for Probythinella lacustris (Hershler et al. 1990)." 189291,Pomacea conoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,conoidea,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1899)", 189292,Lymnaea ulaganica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,ulaganica,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1983","Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009)." 189293,Armiger schamaricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Armiger,schamaricus,,,,,"Izzatullaev, 1972", 189294,Felipponea neritiniformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Felipponea,neritiniformis,,,,,"(Dall, 1919)", 189295,Sphaerium forbesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,forbesi,,,,,"(Philippi, 1869)","This species was originally listed as Pisidium forbesii but has now been confirmed as a synonym of Sphaerium forbesi as proposed by Kuiper & Hinz (1983) (E. Parada pers. comm. 2009)." 189298,Lamproscapha ensiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Lamproscapha,ensiformis,,,,,"(Spix & Wagner, 1827)","Graf and Cummings (2007) place this species in the genus Lamproscapha, which is a subgenus of Anodontites. Furthermore, they list Spix and Wagner, 1827 as the taxonomic authority for this species." 189299,Cecina alta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Cecina,alta,,,,,"Prozorova, 1996", 189300,Hemistomia lacinia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,lacinia,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189301,Corbicula baudoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,baudoni,,,,,"Morelet, 1886", 189302,Indopyrgus nevilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Indopyrgus,nevilli,,,,,"Thiele, 1928",This species was moved from the genus Potamopyrgus to newly established genus Indopyrgus by Abbott (1945). 189305,Pyrgula abichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,abichi,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189306,Sinotaia arturrolli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Sinotaia,arturrolli,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 189307,Pisidium plenilunium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,plenilunium,,,,,"Melvill & Standen, 1907","Although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family (Pisiidae), traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. We have followed this traditional placement in this assessment." 189308,Assiminea similis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,similis,,,,,"(Baird, 1873)",This species is considered part of the Assiminea parvula complex in Samoa. Further work is needed to determine its taxonomic classification. 189309,Choanomphalus okhoticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Choanomphalus,okhoticus,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997",Papusheva et al. (2003) state a need for the taxonomy of this genus to be completely revised. The current literature is contradictory and unclear with many documented varieties and subgenera and there is generally much disagreement between authors. 189310,Pachychilus oerstedi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Pachychilus,oerstedi,,,,,"Mörch, 1860", 189311,Pisidium omaguaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,omaguaca,,,,,"Ituarte, 2005","Although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family (Pisiidae), traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. We have followed this traditional placement in this assessment." 189314,Cerithium coralium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,POTAMIDIDAE,Cerithium,coralium,,,,,"Kiener, 1841", 189315,Rectidens sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Rectidens,sumatrensis,,,,,"Dunker, 1852", 189316,Thiara scitula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,scitula,,,,,"Gould, 1847","

The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on its biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed).

" 189317,Iravadia subquadrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,subquadrata,,,,,"Laseron, 1950", 189318,Neritina plumbea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,plumbea,,,,,"Sowerby, 1855", 189319,Heleobia aperta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,aperta,,,,,"(Haas, 1955)", 189320,Planorbella hornii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,hornii,,,,,"(Tryon, 1865)","There is some confusion as to whether Planorbella hornii is a valid species or in fact a subspecies. Kantor et al. (2009) is the only reference found to mention Planorbella hornii. Dall (1905) discusses Planorbis hornii, but it is not clear as to whether he is referring to it as a species or as a variety of P. trivolvis. Dall (1905) goes on to mention the similarity between P. hornii and P. subcrenatus which he lists as a synonym of P. trivolvis. Henderson and Daniels (1917) discuss the subspecies Planorbis trivolvis hornii, found in Newton Town Reservoir, Clarkston, Utah. Oliver and Bosworth (1999) make reference to P. trivolvis hornii but only in the context of referring to Henderson and Daniels' (1917) work. For the purpose of this assessment, we follow the taxonomy as set out by Kantor et al. (2009) and are treating the species as currently valid." 189321,Pomacea spirata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,spirata,,,,,"(Deville & Huppe, 1850)", 189322,Leiorhagium mussorgskyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,mussorgskyi,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189323,Felipponea iheringi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Felipponea,iheringi,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1933)", 189324,Clithon flavovirens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,flavovirens,,,,,"(von dem Busch, 1843)",The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies and therefore available data on its biology and distribution are scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed). 189326,Planorbella scalaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,scalaris,,,,,"(Jay, 1839)","Genetic examination of the molecular phylogeny of global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American taxa within the subfamily Planorbinae form a well-supported clade, as yet unnamed, but termed C-Clade (Albrecht et al. 2007)." 189328,Corbicula siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,siamensis,,,,,"Prashad, 1929",Brandt (1974) questions the validity of this species. 189329,Gundlachia lucasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gundlachia,lucasi,,,,,"Suter, 1905","There is uncertainty as to the taxonomy of this species. Although classified as Gundlachia, this was by Suter in 1905 and solely based on morphology. It is unlikely that this classification is correct, as Gundlachia is a Neotropical genus (H. Spencer pers. comm. 2009). Winterbourn (1973) lists this species as Ferrissia (Pettancylus) dohrnianus. Hubendick (1967) included the New Zealand Gundlachia species in the genus Ferrissia, although this is based on morphology alone. There is further uncertainty at the family-level taxonomy. Walther et al. (2006) included Gundlachia in Ancylidae, but Albrecht et al. (2007) placed it in Planorbidae." 189330,Pomacea gigantea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,gigantea,,,,,"(Barbosa Rodrigues, 1892)", 189331,Clathrocaspia stanislavi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Clathrocaspia,stanislavi,,,,,"(Alexenko & Starobogatov, 1987)",The species is considered taxon inquirendum by MolluscaBase (2022). 189332,Cipangopaludina ussuriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,ussuriensis,,,,,"(Gerstfeldt, 1859)","Kantor et al. (2009) list Paludina ussuriensis as a synonym of this species." 189333,Segmentina avecenninae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,avecenninae,,,,,"Izzatullaev, 1980", 189334,Austropyrgus ora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,ora,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189335,Pseudancylastrum sibiricum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Pseudancylastrum,sibiricum,,,,,"Gerstfeldt, 1859", 189336,Pristinicola hemphilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Pristinicola,hemphilli,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1890", 189337,Ecrobia grimmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Ecrobia,grimmi,,,,,"(Clessin in W. Dybowski, 1887)", 189338,Cyclotropis carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Cyclotropis,carinata,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)", 189339,Pomacea paludosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,paludosa,,,,,"(Say, 1829)", 189340,Anentome broti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,NASSARIIDAE,Anentome,broti,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1876)","There is a suggestion (Brandt 1974) that this species may be conspecific with C. jullieni and C. bizonata, although this has yet to be corroborated. Further speculation exists that C. fusca and C. bizonata may be synonymous with this species.

The current lack of information on this species may suggest it has not been studied or found in surveys or it has been synonymsed with another species. No verification to such effect could be located." 189341,Melanoides maculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,maculata,,,,,"Born, 1780",The authority attributed to this species requries verification as some sources (Kress 2000) cite Bruguiere (1789). 189343,Valvatamnicola archangelskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Valvatamnicola,archangelskii,,,,,"Zhadin, 1952", 189344,Hippeutis distinctus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Hippeutis,distinctus,,,,,"(Gredler, 1887)", 189348,Gyraulus zilchianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,zilchianus,,,,,"Yen, 1939", 189349,Lacunopsis sphaerica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,sphaerica,,,,,"Bavay, 1895", 189352,Anodontites trigonus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Anodontites,trigonus,,,,,"Spix & Wagner, 1827", 189353,Paladilhiopsis subovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,subovata,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1962", 189354,Stenomelania uniformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Stenomelania,uniformis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)","This species was known as Melanoides uniformis, but is now known as Stenomelania uniformis (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010)." 189355,Turkmenamnicola smaragdovae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turkmenamnicola,smaragdovae,,,,,"Abrikosov & Tzvetkov, 1945", 189356,Assiminea estuarina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,estuarina,,,,,"Habe, 1946", 189357,Cerithidea pliculosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,POTAMIDIDAE,Cerithidea,pliculosa,,,,,"(Menke, 1829)", 189358,Pila pesmei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,pesmei,,,,,"Morelet, 1889", 189359,Anisus tugurensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,tugurensis,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997", 189360,Caribnauta harryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Caribnauta,harryi,,,,,"Taylor, 2003","Taylor (2003) lists that this species was often misidentified as a 'smaller morphological type' of Physa marmorata; however, Taylor lists this as a separate species." 189362,Pomacea prourceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,prourceus,,,,,"Boss & Parodiz, 1977",This species may only be known as a fossil from the late Eocene (Boss and Parodiz 1977). 189363,Sermyla venustula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Sermyla,venustula,,,,,"(Brot, 1877)","The genus name was changed from Sermylasma to Sermyla by Glaubrecht et al. (2009). At the time, this species was also synonymsed with S. carbonata (Glaubrecht et al. 2009)." 189365,Tricula fuchsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,fuchsi,,,,,"Gredler, 1887", 189366,Phrantela bobbrowni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Phrantela,bobbrowni,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 189368,Anisus terekholicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,terekholicus,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997", 189369,Dreissena rostriformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Dreissena,rostriformis,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1838)","A recent Dreissenid molecular phylogeny using COI and 16S sequences (Therriault et al. 2004) concluded that D. rostriformis (this species) and D. bugensis (Quagga Mussel) actually represent distinct races of a single species (sequence divergence was 0.23 - 0.54%, comparable to intraspecific variability in other species). The authors recommended the ancestral name D. rostriformis be used, with two races, bugensis and distincta (Therriault et al. 2004, Orlova et al. 2005)." 189370,Pseudancylastrum poberezhnyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Pseudancylastrum,poberezhnyi,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1989", 189372,Doryssa hohenackeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Doryssa,hohenackeri,,,,,"Philippi, 1851", 189373,Valvata sincera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,sincera,,,,,"Say, 1824","Clarke (1981) lists Valvata sincera as Valvata sincera helicoidea and Valvata lewisi as Valvata sincera sincera (see Burch 1989)." 189374,Pisidium australiense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,australiense,,,,,"Korniushin, 2000", 189375,Chamlongia harinasutai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TORNIDAE,Chamlongia,harinasutai,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",Taxonomic revision is advised for this species. 189376,Pisidium ponderi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ponderi,,,,,"Korniushin, 2000","The species has been listed in the family Sphaeriidae. Although some authors regard Pisidium as worthy of listing within a distinct family, Pisiidae, traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189377,Brotia beaumetzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,beaumetzi,,,,,"Brot, 1887","It has been suggested that Sulcospira is the new genus for this species, Brotia is a synonym of Sulcospira tonkiniana. This species' order is Mesogatropoda (F. Köhler pers.comm. 2010)." 189378,Laemodonta punctigera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,punctigera,,,,,"(H. & A. Adams, 1854)", 189379,Gyraulus pulcher,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,pulcher,,,,,"Mori, 1938", 189380,Corbicula sirotskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,sirotskii,,,,,"Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994","Corbicula is a notoriously variable taxon, therefore this species' taxonomy is in need of revision (T. V. Rintelen pers. comm. 2011)." 189382,Akiyoshia kobayashii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Akiyoshia,kobayashii,,,,,"Kuroda & Habe, 1958", 189383,Elimia simplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,simplex,,,,,"(Say, 1825)","Two populations of Elimia simplex were included in the allozyme study of Dillon and Davis (1980) - the Reed Creek population mentioned above and a population from a tributary of the Middle Fork Holston River perhaps 10 km west. These populations were nearly identical at ten loci. Five additional populations were surveyed by Dillon and Robinson (2007), including a sample from the type locality of the species in the North Fork Holston River at Saltville, Virginia." 189385,Pyrgula cincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,cincta,,,,,"Abich, 1859", 189386,Pyrgula behningi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,behningi,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189388,Thiara canalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,canalis,,,,,"(Lea, 1850)",This species requires taxonomic review. 189389,Josefus aitanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Josefus,aitanica,,,,,"Arconada & Ramos, 2006", 189390,Cassidula multiplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Cassidula,multiplicata,,,,,"von Martens, 1865", 189391,Thiara mirifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,mirifica,,,,,"Adams, 1853","

The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on its biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed).

" 189392,Anisus centrifugus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,centrifugus,,,,,"Westerlund, 1897","Previously most species of this group have been refered to as Planorbis centrifugus. In 1997, Prozorova and Starobogatov revealed that this species should be split into three distinct species and now in Russia only one of these species retains the name Anisus centrifugus." 189393,Hydrorissoia elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,elongata,,,,,"Bavay, 1890", 189395,Neritina squamipicta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,squamipicta,,,,,"Récluz, 1843","

The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on its biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed).

" 189396,Anodontites tenebricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Anodontites,tenebricosa,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)",The record of this species for the Orinoco must be revised because it may have been confused with the related species A.(A). crispatus or A. elongatus (Pereira et al. 2013). 189397,Coxiella striatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Coxiella,striatula,,,,,"(Menke, 1843)", 189398,Mayabina obtusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Mayabina,obtusa,,,,,"Clessin, 1885", 189399,Paludomus palustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,palustris,,,,,"Layard, 1855", 189400,Idiopoma ingallsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Idiopoma,ingallsiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)", 189401,Elimia carinocostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,carinocostata,,,,,"(Lea, 1854)","This species can be confused with Elimia herhardti, Elimia carinifera, and what was formerly Elimia bentoniensis in the Coosa River basin and Elimia bellacrenata and Elimia cahawbensis in the Cahaba River basin if shells are old or obscured with algal growth, but otherwise easily separated (Bogan and Pierson 1993). Support exists for separation of this species into one or more species (see Thompson 2000)." 189402,Notopala essingtonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Notopala,essingtonensis,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1862)", 189403,Ellobium chinense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Ellobium,chinense,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1854", 189404,Turricaspia spasskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,spasskii,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968","This species was formerly considered a variation of T. spica, but was subsequently classified as separate species." 189405,Chilina patagonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,patagonica,,,,,"Sowerby II, 1874", 189406,Elimia potosiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,potosiensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)","Three subspecies have been described: Elimia potosiensis crandalli (Pilsbry 1890), restricted to Mammoth Springs, AR; E.p. ozarkensis (Call 1886), known from springs in several MO counties; and E. p. plebeius (Gould 1851), the most widespread, occurring in the Ozarkian region of MO, AR, and OK (Christian 2007)." 189407,Sibirobythinella almaatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Sibirobythinella,almaatina,,,,,"Izzatullaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985", 189408,Anisus kolesnikovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,kolesnikovi,,,,,"Logvinenko et Starobogatov, 1966", 189409,Brotia citrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,citrina,,,,,"(Brot, 1868)", 189411,Lymnaea arachleica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,arachleica,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1989","Note that this species should not be confused with Physa arachleica Starobogatov & Prozorova, 1989." 189412,Hubendickia cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,cylindrica,,,,,"Brandt, 1974",Davis et al. (1989) consider this to be a valid species. 189413,Polypylis likharevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Polypylis,likharevi,,,,,"Starobogatov & Streletzkaja, 1967", 189414,Eupera moquiniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,moquiniana,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1854", 189416,Clithon faba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,faba,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1836)", 189417,Melampus striatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,striatus,,,,,"Pease, 1861", 189418,Glyptophysa aliciae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Glyptophysa,aliciae,,,,,"Reeve, 1862","Further taxonomic work is suggested as the taxonomy of this genus is uncertain (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). The genus Glyptophysa is found across virtually all of Australia, and many species have been described. The shells are morphologically very variable and no revision of the genus has been published to date. Therefore the genus could be made up of a few widespread species or many narrow range taxa (S. Clark pers. comm. 2011)." 189419,Gabbia pallidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,pallidula,,,,,"Ponder, 2003", 189420,Segmentina servaini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,servaini,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1881",There is uncertainty as to whether this is a separate species or a synonym of Segmentina nitida (Soler et al. 2006). 189421,Hydrorissoia elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hydrorissoia,elegans,,,,,"Bavay, 1895", 189422,Neotricula burchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Neotricula,burchi,,,,,"Davis, 1968","Tricula burchi is a synonym of Neotricula burchi (it was reassigned by Davis et al. (1986) (S. Attwood, pers. comm.))." 189423,Uncancylus patagonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Uncancylus,patagonicus,,,,,"Biese, 1948","Dos Santos (2003) suggests that this species is a synonym of Uncancylus concentricus, and recommends taxonomic revision." 189424,Melampus coffeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,coffeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 189426,Pisidium vile,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,vile,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1897","Although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family (Pisiidae), traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. We have followed this traditional placement in this assessment." 189427,Baicalancylus kobelti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Baicalancylus,kobelti,,,,,"Dybowski, 1885", 189428,Auriculodes gangetica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Auriculodes,gangetica,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1855", 189429,Heleobia cuzcoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,cuzcoensis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1911", 189430,Corbicula moreletiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,moreletiana,,,,,"Prime, 1867", 189431,Valvata andreaei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,andreaei,,,,,"Menzel, 1904","
" 189433,Tricula heudei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,heudei,,,,,"Kang, 1986", 189435,Caspiohydrobia sogdiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Caspiohydrobia,sogdiana,,,,,"Starobogatov & Izzatullaev, 1974", 189437,Fluviopupa jeanyvesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluviopupa,jeanyvesi,,,,,"Haase, Gargominy & Fontaine, 2005", 189438,Pomacea reflexa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,reflexa,,,,,"(Swainson, 1823)",This species was originally in the genus Ampullaria Montfort (1810). 189439,Caspiohydrobia gemmata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Caspiohydrobia,gemmata,,,,,"Kolesnikov, 1947", 189440,Iravadia sakaguchii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,IRAVADIIDAE,Iravadia,sakaguchii,,,,,"Kuroda & Habe, 1954", 189441,Biomphalaria thermala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,thermala,,,,,"Biese, 1951", 189442,Austropyrgus nepeanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,nepeanensis,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189443,Chilina rushii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,rushii,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1896", 189445,Tutuilana striata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Tutuilana,striata,,,,,"Hubendick, 1952", 189446,Austropyrgus rectoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,rectoides,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189447,Chilina robustior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,robustior,,,,,"Sowerby, 1838", 189449,Mayabina petenensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Mayabina,petenensis,,,,,"Taylor, 2003","This species has been misidentified with the following;

Aplexa cisternina (Morelet) as listed in Goodrich & van der Schalie, 1937:34
Aplexa spculata (Morelet) as listed in van der Schalie, 1940:7
Stenophysa spiculata (Morelet) as listed in Covich, 1976:55" 189451,Littoridina pedrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,pedrina,,,,,"Miller, 1879", 189452,Pisidium stoliczkanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,stoliczkanum,,,,,"Prashad, 1933","The family this species has been placed in is listed as Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; traditionally this is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae.

There is some confusion as to whether this is a valid species. It is suggested by Korniushin and Glaubrecht (2001) that museum specimens were originally Pisidium bowguignatum, and were not Pisidium stoliczkanum. The taxonomy needs to be clarified before a classification can be made." 189454,Pyrgula ebersini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,ebersini,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189455,Ascorhis tasmanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Ascorhis,tasmanica,,,,,"(Martens, 1858)", 189457,Eyriesia eyriesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Eyriesia,eyriesi,,,,,"Morelet, 1865",This species is in need of taxonomic revision and may be conspecific with Trochotaia trochoidis (F. Köhler pers. comm. 2010). 189458,Pyrgula pulla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,pulla,,,,,"Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915", 189459,Pomacea eximia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,eximia,,,,,"(Dunker, 1853)","This species was originally of the genus Ampullaria Montfort (1810). This species may be a synomyn or an invalid species according to Cowie and Thiengo (2003)." 189461,Pomacea pulchra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,pulchra,,,,,"(Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)","This species was originally of the genus Paludina." 189462,Pyrgophorus parvulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Pyrgophorus,parvulus,,,,,"Guilding, 1828", 189463,Salinator solida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,AMPHIBOLIDAE,Salinator,solida,,,,,"Martens, 1878","Golding et al. (2007) established this species as a synonym of Phallomedusa solida (Martens, 1878)." 189464,Physastra moluccensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Physastra,moluccensis,,,,,"Lesson, 1831","This species was originally referred to as Physa moluccensis, however the family Physidae is not native in south and east Asia (Taylor 2003)." 189466,Geyeria valvataeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Geyeria,valvataeformis,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1962", 189467,Turricaspia pullula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,pullula,,,,,"Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915", 189468,Heleobia andecola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,andecola,,,,,"(d’Orbigny, 1835)", 189469,Glyptophysa oconnori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Glyptophysa,oconnori,,,,,"Cumber, 1941","Further taxonomic work is suggested as the taxonomy of this genus is uncertain (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). The genus Glyptophysa is found across virtually all of Australia, and many species have been described. The shells are morphologically very variable and no revision of the genus has been published to date. Therefore the genus could be made up of a few widespread species or many narrow range taxa (S. Clark pers. comm. 2011)." 189470,Pleuroloba quoyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Pleuroloba,quoyi,,,,,"(H. & A. Adams, 1855)","The common south-eastern Australian estuarine ellobiid snails belonging to Ophicardelus have been considered to be one variable taxon by some authors, and three largely sympatric species by others. In 2004, Hyman et al. (2004) clarified that Ophicardelus ornatus, O. quoyi and O. sulcatus should be regarded as valid species, and in 2005 the genus for O. quoyi was changed from Ophicardelus to Pleuroloba by Hyman et al. (2005)." 189471,Hemistomia yalayu,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,yalayu,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189473,Austropyrgus bunyaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,bunyaensis,,,,,"Miller, Ponder & Clark, 1999", 189474,Brotia solemiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,solemiana,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",Family is Pachychilidae; species revised by Köhler and Glaubrecht 2006. 189475,Segmentina malkae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,malkae,,,,,"Kruglov & Soldatenko, 1997", 189476,Acroloxus arachleicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,arachleicus,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1991", 189477,Pseudamnicola depressispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,depressispira,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968", 189479,Pleurocera nobilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,nobilis,,,,,"(Lea, 1845)","This species appears to intergrade with Pleurocera canaliculata in middle/upper reaches of the Tennessee River." 18948,Pyrenaearia daanidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,daanidentata,,,,,"Raven, 1988","DNA phylogenetic studies show that P. daanidentata is a monophyletic lineage, very closely related to P. cantabrica. Its specific or subspecific status requires further research  (Elejalde et al. 2009)." 189480,Laemodonta striata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,striata,,,,,"Philippi, 1846", 189481,Segmentina starobogatovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,starobogatovi,,,,,"Kruglov & Soldatenko, 1997", 189482,Chilina fulgurata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,fulgurata,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1911", 189483,Toxolasma pullus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Toxolasma,pullus,,,,,"(Conrad, 1838)","This species was originally described as Unio pullus (Conrad 1838). The Savannah River population was once described as a separate species, Carunculina patrickae (Bates 1966), due to different shell morphology.

Carunculina patrickae was synonymized with C. pullus by Johnson (1970), and is now known as Toxolasma pullus.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189485,Pisidium equilaterale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,equilaterale,,,,,"Prime, 1852", 189488,Euglesa mongolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,mongolica,,,,,"Slugina & Starobogatov, 2001", 18949,Pyrenaearia molae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,molae,,,,,"Haas, 1924", 189491,Asolene petiti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Asolene,petiti,,,,,"(Crosse, 1891)","This species was originally of the genus Ampullaria Montfort (1810)." 189495,Aroapyrgus panamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aroapyrgus,panamensis,,,,,"Tryon, 1863", 189499,Radix viridis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,viridis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)","Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Ponder and Waterhouse (1997) synonymise this species with Austropeplea viridis due to chromosomal findings. However, they also mention that this species occupies an anomalous position taxonomically and further clarification is necessary. Bargues et al. (2001) synonymise A. viridis with A. ollula. Remigio (2002) synonymises Lymnaea viridis with A. ollula. Pace (1973) also places Lymnaea ollula (=A. ollula) and in addition L. pervia as synonyms of L. viridis.  Chung et al. (2001) discuss that Korean subpopulations of A. ollula are very similar to Australian populations of L. viridis. However, they present malacological evidence of Korean populations of A. ollula differing from Australian L. viridis.

Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009). Most recently, Radix viridis has been most commonly used for this taxa, rather than Lymnaea (S. Attwood, pers comm. 2010)." 18950,Pyrenaearia navasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,navasi,,,,,"Fagot, 1907","Prieto (1991) considered two subspecies: P. navasi navasi and P. navasi sylvatica with the latter living within forests and characterized by its greater size. Nevertheless, DNA sequenciation studies (Elejalde et al. 2009) showed that both morphs are only ecotypes, and subspecific categories should not be considered." 189500,Corbicula finitima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,finitima,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1927)","Synonym information for this species is taken from Kantor et al. (2009). Corbicula is a notoriously variable taxon, therefore this species' taxonomy is in need of revision (T. V. Rintelen pers. comm. 2011)." 189501,Gyraulus gilberti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,gilberti,,,,,"(Dunker, 1848)","There is some confusion about this species' status, so that taxonomic clarification is recommended (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). Brown (2001) believes that this species and G. waterhousei might belong to a single species with continuous distribution." 189502,Korotnewia semenkewitschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Korotnewia,semenkewitschi,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1909)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189504,Actinonaias ligamentina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Actinonaias,ligamentina,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819",

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011).

189505,Corbicula occidentiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,occidentiformis,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 189507,Marisa cornuarietis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Marisa,cornuarietis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 189508,Pyrgula nossovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgula,nossovi,,,,,"Kolesnikov, 1947", 189509,Amerianna obesula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Amerianna,obesula,,,,,"Iredale, 1943",Further taxonomic work is suggested as there are several variable species in Amerianna found across a large part of Australia and there has been no recent published revision of this group to date (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). 189510,Pseudobenedictia michnoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Pseudobenedictia,michnoi,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1929)","Kantor et al. (2009) describe this as a valid species, however Kabat and Hershler (1993) describe Pseudobenedictia as a subgenus of Kobeltocochlea. Sitnikova et al. (2006) refer to this species as Kobeltocochlea michnoi. For the purpose of this assessment, we follow the taxonomy as used by Kantor et al. (2009)." 189511,Stenothyra mcmulleni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,mcmulleni,,,,,"Brandt, 1970",This species requires taxonomic review. 189512,Amphibola crenata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,AMPHIBOLIDAE,Amphibola,crenata,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 189513,Assiminea obtusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,obtusa,,,,,"Wattebled, 1886", 189515,Anisus subfiliaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,subfiliaris,,,,,"Moskvicheva in Dworiadkin, 1980", 189516,Thiara erosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,erosa,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 189518,Cipangopaludina zejaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Cipangopaludina,zejaensis,,,,,"Moskvicheva, 1979", 189519,Turricaspia trivialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turricaspia,trivialis,,,,,"Logvinenko & Starobogatov, 1968","Historically, this species might also be known as Micromelania grimmi (Kantor et al. 2009), although the synonymic status is not known." 18952,Pyrenaearia organiaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,organiaca,,,,,"Fagot, 1905","The status of this species has been confirmed by phylogenetic studies based on DNA sequences (Elejalde et al. 2009)." 189520,Anisus carinea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,carinea,,,,,"Westerlund, 1897","The taxonomic status of this species needs to be revised. There are no specimens of this species in the ZIN collection and it may potentially be a synonym of Anisus vortex (M Vinarksi pers. comm. 2010)." 189521,Hemistomia gorotitei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,gorotitei,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189522,Melanopsis turkmenica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,turkmenica,,,,,"Izzatullaev & Starobogatov, 1984","It should be noted that the adherents of the  USSR Russian Comparatory School of Malacology, such as Starobogatov, distinguished  species purely on a typological basis. This  resulted mainly in the second half of the 20th Century in the creation of a considerable higher number of species in comparison to western countries (where the reverse, i.e. excessive lumping, did occur). Both extreme approaches have been greatly abandoned since, but the respective textbooks are still based on the old notions (see Kantor et al., 2009). Calibrating western European and former Soviet molluscan taxonomy is a difficult and time consuming task. In the already highly complex case of melanopsid taxonomy it will require an in-depth re-assessment and additional collecting to decide on which of the Melanopsis species, created by Russian taxonomists, a general agreement can be found." 189523,Cyclonaias pustulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyclonaias,pustulosa,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)","This species was known as Quadrula pustulosa, but was changed to Amphinaias pustulosa (Graf and Cummings 2007). Other synonyms include Unio schoolcraftensis Lea, 1831, and Unio nodiferus Conrad, 1841.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189524,Neoradina multistriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Neoradina,multistriata,,,,,"Preston, 1915","This species is not present in current literature under this name; historically it is present as Tiara (Radina) multistriata (Preston, 1915)" 189525,Pomacea vexillum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,vexillum,,,,,"(Reeve, 1856)", 189526,Chilina minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,minuta,,,,,"Haas, 1951", 189527,Sibirenauta aenigma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Sibirenauta,aenigma,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1876)","According to Taylor (2003), the type specimen is not a member of the Physidae, and thus the designation of this species following Westerlund’s (1876) classification is problematic. A detailed taxonomic reconsideration of S. aenigma is strongly recommended before determining its conservation status (M. Vinarski pers. comm. 2010)." 189528,Baicalancylus njurgonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Baicalancylus,njurgonicus,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1989", 189529,Parabaikalia elata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Parabaikalia,elata,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1875)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 18953,Pyrenaearia parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,parva,,,,,"Ortiz de Zarate, 1956", 189530,Leiorhagium supernum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,supernum,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189531,Sphaerium galitzini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,galitzini,,,,,"Clessin, 1875","This species is not accepted as present in Europe by western malacologists, and is possibly a form of Pisidium lacustre (D.V. Damme pers. comm. 2011)." 189533,Chilina ampullacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,ampullacea,,,,,"Sowerby, 1838", 189534,Semisulcospira hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,hongkongensis,,,,,"Brot, 1874","In earlier texts, this species is referred to as Melania hongkongensis (Faust 1924)." 189535,Anisus correctus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,correctus,,,,,"Westerlund, 1897","The taxonomic status of this species needs to be revised. There are no specimens in the ZIN collection and maybe this species is a synonym of Anisus contortus (M Vinarksi pers. comm. 2010). Therefore, the validity of this species is in consideration (M. Vinarksi pers. comm. 2010)." 189536,Aylacostoma osculati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Aylacostoma,osculati,,,,,"(Villa, 1857)",The genus changed from Hemisinus to Aylacostoma (Simone 2006). 189538,Lacunopsis levayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,levayi,,,,,"Bavay, 1895", 189540,Gyraulus rossiteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,rossiteri,,,,,"(Crosse, 1871)", 189541,Austropyrgus parvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,parvus,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189543,Notopala tricincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Notopala,tricincta,,,,,"(Smith, 1882)","The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on its biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed)." 189544,Trochotaia trochoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Trochotaia,trochoides,,,,,"von Martens, 1860", 189545,Halewisia expansa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Halewisia,expansa,,,,,"(Brandt, 1970)","This species was previously known as Manningiella expansa (Davis, 1979), who later placed the species in the genus Halewisia." 189546,Paladilhiopsis pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,pulcherrima,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1962", 189547,Akiyoshia orientalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Akiyoshia,orientalis,,,,,"Kang, 1986","Davis and Kang (1986) doubt the generic assignment of this species, so a taxonomic revision is suggested." 189548,Pisidium dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,dorbignyi,,,,,"Clessin, 1879", 18955,Pyrenaearia velascoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,velascoi,,,,,"Hidalgo, 1867","DNA sequences indicate that Pyrenaearia velascoi is closely related to P. carascalensis, but it constitutes a proper genetic lineage restricted to the Basque Country mountains. Although Altonaga et al. (1994) indicated that P. velascoi could be subdivided into two or three subspecies, molecular studies do not support subspecific taxa." 189550,Littoraria undulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITTORINIDAE,Littoraria,undulata,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)", 189553,Megalovalvata demersa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Megalovalvata,demersa,,,,,"Lindholm, 1909","Kantor lists synonyms as: ""Valvata (Liratina) baicalensis var. demersa, Lindholmd 1909: 79""" 189554,Jullienia munensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Jullienia,munensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1974", 189555,Chilina strebeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,strebeli,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1911", 189556,Austropyrgus tateiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,tateiformis,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189557,Ellobium aurisjudae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Ellobium,aurisjudae,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 189558,Pomacea aurostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,aurostoma,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)",This genus was originally Ampularria Monfort (1810). 189559,Leiorhagium montfaouense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,montfaouense,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189561,Sphaerium biwaense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,biwaense,,,,,"Mori, 1933", 189562,Austropyrgus bungoniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,bungoniensis,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189563,Chilina elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,elegans,,,,,"von Frauenfeld, 1865", 189564,Corbicula leana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,leana,,,,,"Prime, 1864", 189565,Coxiella exposita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Coxiella,exposita,,,,,"(Iredale, 1943)", 189567,Horatia ljovuschkini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Horatia,ljovuschkini,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1962",This species is only known from a single shell; there are no known living specimens. 189568,Diplodon granosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Diplodon,granosus,,,,,"Bruguière, 1792","This species has three subspecies: subspecies granosus (Bruguière, 1792), subspecies ellypticus (Spix, 1827) and subspecies multistriatus (Lea, 1834). Numerous taxa have been synonomised under granosus, and much work is needed to clarify this species' taxonomy (K. Cummings pers. comm. 2010)." 189569,Valvata japonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,japonica,,,,,"von Martens, 1877",
18957,Pyrgina umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Pyrgina,umbilicata,,,,,"Kira, 1955", 189571,Kolhymorbis dildorae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Kolhymorbis,dildorae,,,,,"Izzatullaev, 1980", 189572,Thiara terpsichore,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,terpsichore,,,,,"Gould, 1847","This species was historically known as Melania terpsichore (Tryon et al.1871, Kobelt 1886). The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on its biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed)." 189573,Austropyrgus tumidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,tumidus,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003","This species, as currently recognized, shows some variation in shell shape and it is possible that additional work will reveal it to be composed of more than one taxon (Clark et al. 2003)." 189574,Omphalotropis ceramensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,ceramensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1862", 189575,Austropyrgus salvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,salvus,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189576,Heterogen longispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Heterogen,longispira,,,,,"(Smith, 1886)", 189579,Lacunopsis ventricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,ventricosa,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 18958,Marstonia agarhecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,agarhecta,,,,,"(Thompson, 1969)","The genus Marstonia formerly was relegated to synonymy with Pyrgulopsis by Hershler and Thompson (1987). But Thompson and Hershler (2002) later re-evaluated eastern North American species and assigned to Pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus Marstonia (J. Cordiero pers. comm. 2010)." 189581,Viviparus limi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,limi,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1918","This species was formerly regarded as a subspecies of Viviparus georgianus. The taxonomic debates have been ongoing, and the allozyme study of Katoh and Foltz (1994) has suggested that populations referred to Viviparus georgianus in Florida may represent three cryptic species: two species from the panhandle Viviparus goodrichi and Viviparus limi and Viviparus georgianus (s.s.) further east. 
As Johnson et al (2013) and Thompson (2004) both list V. limi as a valid species, the species is assessed here.
There may also be a nomenclatural issue, as Pilsbry described Viviparus limi from the Flint River, a tributary of the Apalachicola, near Albany, Georgia (Thompson 1999), whereas the current study limits the species range to the Ochloconee River." 189582,Neritodryas subsulcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritodryas,subsulcata,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1836)", 189583,Elliptio fisheriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,fisheriana,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. Johnson (1970) lumped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. Johnson (1970) listed this species as a synonym of Elliptio lanceolata but Turgeon et al. (1998) included both as distinct species.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189584,Planorbis kubanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbis,kubanicus,,,,,"Soldatenko & Starobogatov, 1998", 189586,Parabaikalia florii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Parabaikalia,florii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1875)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189588,Paraprososthenia bollingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Paraprososthenia,bollingi,,,,,"Brandt, 1970",
189589,Polypylis almaatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Polypylis,almaatina,,,,,"Starobogatov & Mamilova, 1970", 18959,Pyrgulopsis bacchus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,bacchus,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 189590,Anisus kamtschaticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,kamtschaticus,,,,,"Westerlund, 1876", 189591,Helicorbis australiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Helicorbis,australiensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1882)", 189592,Fluminicola seminalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Fluminicola,seminalis,,,,,"(Hinds, 1842)", 189593,Littoridina opachensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,opachensis,,,,,"Biese, 1948", 189594,Gabbia tumida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,tumida,,,,,"Ponder, 2003", 189595,Chilina fluminea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,CHILINIDAE,Chilina,fluminea,,,,,"Maton, 1809", 189596,Amuropaludina pachya,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Amuropaludina,pachya,,,,,"(Bourgiugnat, 1860)","This species was described by Bourigiugnat as Vivipara pachya, but Starobogatov redescribed it as Amuropaludina pachya." 189597,Contectiana ladogensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Contectiana,ladogensis,,,,,"Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987", 189598,Littoridina boetzkesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,boetzkesi,,,,,"Miller, 1879", 189600,Gabbia kessneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,kessneri,,,,,"Ponder, 2003", 189601,Ripalania queenslandica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Ripalania,queenslandica,,,,,"Smith, 1882", 189602,Pseudancylastrum olgae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Pseudancylastrum,olgae,,,,,"Starobogatov, 1989", 189605,Lymnaea carelica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,carelica,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1983", 189607,Fontigens orolibas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Fontigens,orolibas,,,,,"Hubricht, 1957", 189608,Delavaya dianchiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Delavaya,dianchiensis,,,,,"Davis & Guo, 1986", 189609,Galba perpolita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,perpolita,,,,,"(Dall, 1905)","Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba to maintain taxonomic stability between European and North American species of this genus." 189610,Teratobaikalia nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Teratobaikalia,nana,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1909)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189612,Pseudobaikalia jentteriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Pseudobaikalia,jentteriana,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1909)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189613,Pomacea megastoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,megastoma,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1825)","This species is referred to as Asolene (Pomella) megastoma in Pilsbry (1933) and Darwich et al. (1989), but Pomella megastoma in Damborenea and Brusa (2008)." 189614,Melanoides peregrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,peregrina,,,,,"Mousson, 1869","

The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies; therefore, available data on this species' biology and distribution is scarce or unreliable. Further taxonomic research is needed, particularly with regards to the validity of this taxon as an endemic species in Samoa.

" 189616,Littoridina pachispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Littoridina,pachispira,,,,,"Biese, 1944", 189617,Melanopsis sobriewskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,sobriewskii,,,,,Rosen, 189618,Laemodonta bella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,bella,,,,,"(H. & A. Adams, 1855)", 18962,Pyrgulopsis chupaderae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,chupaderae,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 189620,Austropyrgus pusillus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Austropyrgus,pusillus,,,,,"Clark, Miller & Ponder, 2003", 189621,Kolhymorbis bogatovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Kolhymorbis,bogatovi,,,,,"Zatrawkin & Moskvicheva, 1985", 189622,Wattebledia siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Wattebledia,siamensis,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1902", 189623,Neotricula minutoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Neotricula,minutoides,,,,,"Gredler, 1885",This species is now known as Neotricula minutoides (Davis et al. 1992). 189626,Clithon corona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,corona,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 189627,Stenothyra fasciata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,fasciata,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 189628,Pseudobaikalia cancellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Pseudobaikalia,cancellata,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1909)","There is uncertainty about the order and family for this species. Lindholm classified this species into the order Operculata and family Baikaliidae, while Sitnikova and Starobogatov have placed this species in order Rissioformes and family Baicaliidae, and Ponder and Warren placed this in the family Hydrobiidae (Sitnikova et al. 2001)." 189629,Hubendickia cingulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,cingulata,,,,,"Brandt, 1974",Davis et al. (1989) consider this to be a valid species. 189630,Clithon bicolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,bicolor,,,,,"(Récluz, 1843)", 189631,Galba schirazensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,schirazensis,,,,,"(Küster, 1862)","Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009)." 189632,Kobeltocochlea olchonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Kobeltocochlea,olchonensis,,,,,"Lindholm, 1909", 189633,Segmentina petropolitana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentina,petropolitana,,,,,"Kruglov & Soldatenko, 1997",The European part of the distribution is not considered to belong to a valid species (M.Vinarksi pers. comm. 2010). 189634,Eurynia dilatata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Eurynia,dilatata,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of confusion. Johnson (1970) lumped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. In an unpublished study of molecular systematics, Campbell and Harris (2006) found high genetic distance from other Elliptio species.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189635,Heleobia ameghini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,ameghini,,,,,"(Doering, 1884)", 18964,Pyrgulopsis crystalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,crystalis,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 189642,Marstonia halcyon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,halcyon,,,,,"F.G. Thompson, 1977","The genus Marstonia was formerly relegated to the synonomy of Pyrgulopsis by Hershler and Thompson (1987), but Thompson and Hershler (2002) later re-evaluated eastern North American species assigned to Pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus Marstonia. Dillon et al. (2006) tentatively synonymize Marstonia castor with Marstonia halcyon claiming the two are ""strikingly similar""." 189643,Aphaostracon chalarogyrus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aphaostracon,chalarogyrus,,,,,"F.G. Thompson, 1968", 189645,Stagnicola exilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,exilis,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)","This species has an undetermined conservation status in Alberta due to ""lack of taxonomic clarity"" and the possibility that it is a variant of S. elodes (Prescott and Curteanu 2004)." 189646,Valvata humeralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,humeralis,,,,,"Say, 1829","Recent surveys of this species across western USA found no morphologically similar specimens to the holotype, which is from Mexico. This suggests that individuals thought to be Valvata humeralis from the US may be a different species, and V. humeralis may actually be restricted to Mexico (Hovingh 2004, Miller et al. 2006). Hovingh (2004) proposed that US specimens be renamed V. californica. However, this assessment follows the previously established view of a US/Mexican distribution until further confirmation of the taxonomic status.
" 189648,Elimia clenchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,clenchi,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1924)","Chambers (1990) synonymizes this taxon under Elimia floridensis based on electrophoretic data and on the existence of a population in the Econfina River, Bay Co., Florida, that is intermediate in shell features between Clench and Turner's (1956) description of Goniobasis floridensis and Goniobasis clenchi." 18965,Pyrgulopsis davisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,davisi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1987)", 189650,Archiphysa laphami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Archiphysa,laphami,,,,,"Baker, 1928","The type description of this species is in Baker (1928). Taylor (2003) changed to the genus to Physella, but this is not widely accepted. Wethington and Lydeard (2007) included Archiphysa and two other genera within the Physa gyrina group in a 16S and COI molecular phylogeny." 189652,Thiara kauaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,kauaiensis,,,,,"Pease, 1870",This species is possibly a synonym of another thiarid species (Cowie 1998). 189653,Stagnicola montanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,montanensis,,,,,"(Baker, 1913)","Despite the long-standing recognition of this taxon as a valid species, it has been suggested that multiple existing taxa (montanensis, idahoensis and apicina) are synonyms of Stagnicola catascopium (Stagliano et al. 2007). S. montanensis is difficult to distinguish from some related species, especially S. caperata, with which it is sympatric in Utah (Stagliano et al. 2007)." 189656,Juga acutifilosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Juga,acutifilosa,,,,,"(Stearns, 1890)",There is uncertainty as to the classification of this species and other members of the genus Juga. Only anatomical and morphological systematics have been conducted on this group (Strong and Frest 2007); further molecular studies are needed to resolve these uncertainties. 189658,Lyogyrus retromargo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Lyogyrus,retromargo,,,,,"(F.G. Thompson, 1968)","Thompson and Hershler (1991) elevated Lyogyrus from the status of a subgenus of Amnicola to full generic rank. There is some question as to whether Lyogyrus retromargo is a junior synonym of Lyogyrus granum (Dillon et al. 2006)." 189663,Elimia clavaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,clavaeformis,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)","Shared phenotypes and lack of significant differences in gene frequencies at two polymorphic allozyme-encoding loci from populations of Elimia clavaeformis and Pleurocera unciale at Indian Creek and the Powell River, Claiborne Co., Tennessee, indicating Pleurocera unciale (Haldeman, [October] 1841)may be a junior synonym of Elimia clavaeformis (Lea, [February] 1841), the heavier shell of the former a possible result of environmental influence (Dillon and Robinson, 2007)." 189665,Pomatiopsis californica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pomatiopsis,californica,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1899", 189666,Juga nigrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Juga,nigrina,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","This is likely a composite species, according to a recent unpublished DNA phylogeny (NatureServe 2009)." 189667,Vorticifex effusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Vorticifex,effusa,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)","Various subspecies exist, although they may need revision (Frest 1999, cited in NatureServe 2009)." 189669,Thiara baldwini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,baldwini,,,,,"Ancey, 1899",This species is possibly a synonym of another thiarid species (Cowie 1998). 189671,Elimia godwini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,godwini,,,,,"Thompson, 2000", 189672,Amnicola stygius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Amnicola,stygius,,,,,"Hubricht, 1971", 189673,Stagnicola traski,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,traski,,,,,"Tryon, 1863","Jackiewicz (1998), states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009). Mozley (1928) lists this species as Lymnaea traskii, but NatureServe (2009) lists this species as Stagnicola traski.

In Taylor (1981) this species is listed as part of the Lymnaea (Stagnicola) palustris species complex. In addition to Lymnaea traski, Taylor includes Lymnaea proxima (Lea, 1856), Limnophysa tryoni (Tryon, 1865), Lymnaea tryoniana (Lea, 1867), Lymnaea gabbi (Tryon, 1865), Lymnaea rowelli (Tryon, 1865), Lymnaea californica (Sowerby, 1872), Lymnaea interstriata (Sowerby, 1872), Lymnaea leai (Baker, 1907) and Stagnicola palustris magister (Baker, 1934) within the complex.




" 189678,Juga laurae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Juga,laurae,,,,,"Goodrich, 1944", 189679,Somatogyrus trothis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,trothis,,,,,"Doherty, 1878","Somatogyrus are difficult to be positively identified, due to the morphological similarities between the currently described species. Therefore classification of this species is uncertain." 18968,Pyrgulopsis gilae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,gilae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1987)", 189680,Somatogyrus tryoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,tryoni,,,,,"Pilsbry & F. C. Baker, 1927",This species has not been synonymized and appears to be a valid species. 189682,Menetus sampsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Menetus,sampsoni,,,,,"(Ancey, 1885)","The classification of this species is uncertain. Genetic examination of molecular phylogeny of global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American taxa within the subfamily Planorbinae form a well-supported clade, as yet unnamed, but termed C-Clade (Albrecht et al. 2007)." 189683,Elimia striatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,striatula,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1842)", 189684,Archiphysa sonomae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Archiphysa,sonomae,,,,,"Taylor, 2003","This species' taxonomic authority is listed as Taylor, 2003. A.G. Smith collected the species in 1967, but did not describe it." 189691,Pyrgulopsis amargosae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,amargosae,,,,,"Hershler, 1989", 189693,Radiatula pilata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Radiatula,pilata,,,,,"(Lea, 1866)", 189695,Aphaostracon xynoelictum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aphaostracon,xynoelictum,,,,,"Thompson, 1968", 189696,Jardinella thaanumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Jardinella,thaanumi,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1900)",This species is the type species for the genus Jardinella (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). 189697,Lymnaea pictonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,pictonica,,,,,"Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885","The order for this species is either Pulmonata or Basommatophora.

Jackiewicz (1998) states that there are several problems concerning the nomenclature of the family Lymnaeidae, and that there is probably no other snail group in such taxonomical disarray. There are several synonyms for this species (see Pugh and Scott 2002), however these have not been supported or denied by other authors and confusion remains as to whether they are separate species or one single species. Stagnicola has been used as a synonym for Lymnaea by various authors, and as a subgenus of Lymnaea by others (Ponder and Waterhouse 1997, Vinarski 2003, NatureServe 2009)." 189700,Xanthophryne tigerina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Xanthophryne,tigerina,,,,,"(Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Giri, Loader & Bossuyt, 2009)","This species has undergone a name change from Xanthophryne tigerinus, which was deemed invalid as it was published in an electronic journal only prior to 2012 (Dubois et al. 2021)." 189702,Neotricula aperta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Neotricula,aperta,,,,,(Temcharoen 1971), 189705,Gundlachia hubendicki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gundlachia,hubendicki,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","Brandt (1974) included this species in the genus Gundlachia, believing it to be the only example of the genus from Asia. Recent work by Walther et al. (2006) has cast doubt on this assumption, proposing that it may be an invasive population of a different genus, Uncancylus, from the Phillippines.

There is still taxonomic uncertainty regarding the placement of the genus Gundlachia within the family Planorbidae/Anyclidae. Among recent molecular phylogenetic analyses, Albrecht et al. (2007) and Walther et al. (2006) both included Gundlachia in a Neotropical clade with Laevapex. Walther et al. (2006) also included Uncancylus with this group. However, these two authors disagree on the taxonomic implications of these phylogenies, with Walther et al. (2006) classifying the above genera within the Ancylidae, but Albrecht et al. (2007) including them within Planorbidae and creating a sub-family Ancylinae." 189706,Bythinella bicarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,bicarinata,,,,,"(des Moulins, 1827)","Bythinella bicarinata was described as a species endemic to its type locality. Despite its conspicuous bicarinate shell (which gives the species its name), it is considered conspecific with B. lalindei that lives nearby, as well as B. pujolensis and B. moulinsi (Bichain 2007, based on molecular data). Oddly enough, the species also clusters with Bythinella dunkeri from northern France." 189707,Bythinella viridis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,viridis,,,,,"(Poiret, 1801)","This species is believed to be a good species, based on both shell morphology and genetics (Bichain et al. 2007, Benke et al 2009). Prie concluded that B. lancelevei can be synonymised with B. viridis based on the molecular analyses performed by Benke et al. (2009) and morphological evidence (Prie pers. comm. 2009)." 189708,Codringtonia elisabethae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Codringtonia,elisabethae,,,,,"Subai, 2005", 189709,Codringtonia gittenbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Codringtonia,gittenbergeri,,,,,"Subai, 2005", 18971,Pyrgulopsis isolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,isolata,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 189710,Codringtonia helenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Codringtonia,helenae,,,,,"Subai, 2005", 189711,Mastus dirphicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,dirphicus,,,,,"(Blanc, 1879)","According to Fauna Europaea this species is a synonym of Mastus grandis grandis (Mousson 1859). Nevertheless, according to Parmakelis (2003) and Parmakelis et al. (2005) this is a well separated species and thus here is treated as a separate species." 189712,Mastus giuricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,giuricus,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1902)","According to Fauna Europaea the taxon is a subspecies of Mastus grandis, i.e. M. g. giuricus (Westerlund 1901). However M. giuricus is a well-seperated species (see Parmakelis et al. 2005), and thus is treated as a separate species." 189713,Mastus turgidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,turgidus,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1877)","According to Fauna Europaea, the taxon is a subspecies of Mastus emarginatus, i.e. M. e. turgidus (Kobelt 1877). Nevertheless, according to Parmakelis et al. (2005) it  is a well-defined species of Mastus distributed in Karpathos and Kasos and most probably in Rhodes as well. Thus, it is treated as a separate species." 189714,Pseudoxerophila oertzeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Pseudoxerophila,oertzeni,,,,,"(Maltzan, 1887)", 189715,Xerocrassa franciscoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,franciscoi,,,,,"Hausdorf & Sauer, 2009", 189716,Xerocrassa grabusana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,grabusana,,,,,"Hausdorf & Sauer, 2009",Xerocrassa grabusana is most similar to X. subvariegata (Hausdorf & Sauer 2009). 189717,Xerocrassa heraklea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,heraklea,,,,,"Hausdorf & Sauer, 2009", 189718,Xerocrassa kydonia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,kydonia,,,,,"Hausdorf & Sauer, 2009", 189719,Xerocrassa lasithiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,lasithiensis,,,,,"Hausdorf & Sauer, 2009", 189720,Xerocrassa rithymna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,rithymna,,,,,"Hausdorf & Sauer, 2009",
 189721,Xerocrassa siphnica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,siphnica,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1883)","According to Fauna Europaea (Bank 2009) the species belongs to the genus Candidula Kobelt 1871, when previously it was assigned to genus Trochoidea. According to the Hausdorf and Sauer (2009) it should be included in Xerocrassa, i.e. Xerocrassa siphnica (Kobelt, 1883). The latter placement is adopted here, following MolluscaBase (2022)." 189722,Chondrina granatensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,granatensis,,,,,"Alonso, 1974",This species was originally described by Alonso (1974) as a subspecies of Chondrina farinesii. Arrébola and Gómez (1998) consider that the shell features of Chondrina granatensis are different enough to justify its consideration as a separate species from the Chondrina farinesii complex. Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) agree with the last authors. 18973,Pyrgulopsis micrococcus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,micrococcus,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1893)", 18975,Pyrgulopsis morrisoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,morrisoni,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 189753,Pyganodon lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pyganodon,lacustris,,,,,"(Lea, 1852)","This species was formerly known as Anodonta lacustris and was described by Lea in 1852. Although this species does not occur in Graf and Cummings 2007, Hoeh distinguished this as Pyganodon lacustris in 1990.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 189757,Hubendickia turneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,turneri,,,,,"Davis, 1973", 189759,Lacunopsis fischerpiettei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Lacunopsis,fischerpiettei,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 18976,Pyrgulopsis nanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,nanus,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 18977,Pyrgulopsis neomexicana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,neomexicana,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1916)", 189775,Idiopoma dissimilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Idiopoma,dissimilis,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)","The species limits are poorly defined with respect to other described taxa in this family, and they are in need of revision." 189778,Sibirenauta pictus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Sibirenauta,pictus,,,,,"Krause, 1883","Sibirenauta pictus is regarded as a junior synonym of S. sibirica by Starabogatov et al. (1989, cited in Kantor et al. 2009) which is “distributed in subarctic and arctic areas of Asia, from Yenissei mouth to Chukotka.” There is also some question as to whether this is a form or subspecies of Aplexa (=Sibirenauta) elongata (NatureServe 2009)." 189779,Castalia schombergiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Castalia,schombergiana,,,,,"Sowerby, 1869","This species is a synonym of Castaliella sulcata (Krauss, 1849) (Simone 2006)." 189781,Pisidium chiquitanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,chiquitanum,,,,,"Ituarte, 2001", 189783,Pomacea lineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,lineata,,,,,"(Spix in Wagner, 1827)","This species is classified under the Canaliculata complex." 189784,Lymnaea diaphana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,diaphana,,,,,"King, 1830", 189786,Physa marmorata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,marmorata,,,,,"Guilding, 1828","This species was placed in the genus Stenophysa by Taylor (2003), but subsequent molecular analyses included it within the family Physidae and genus Physa (Wethington and Lydeard 2007)." 189787,Lymnaea tumida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,tumida,,,,,"Held, 1836", 18979,Marstonia olivacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,olivacea,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1895","The genus Marstonia was formerly relegated to the synonomy of Pyrgulopsis by Hershler and Thompson (1987), but Thompson and Hershler (2002) later re-evaluated eastern North American species assigned to Pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus Marstonia." 189790,Gyraulus edgbastonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,edgbastonensis,,,,,Starobogatov 1996, 189791,Viviparus polyzonatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,polyzonatus,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1862", 189793,Cylindrotis quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Cylindrotis,quadrasi,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1895", 189794,Pachydrobia dubiosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pachydrobia,dubiosa,,,,,"Poirier, 1881", 189796,Lymnaea cucunorica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,cucunorica,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1902","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear for the unavailability of more recent, comprehensive taxonomic revisions. It is uncertain whether this species is the same as Radix cucunorica, which is distributed in China, or should be considered as a junior synonym of a more widespread species (F. Koehler pers. comm. 2011)." 189802,Lymnaea bakowskyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,bakowskyana,,,,,"Clessin, 1879",The taxonomic position of this species needs to be revised (M.Vinarski pers. comm. 2010). 189804,Helicorbis shilkaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Helicorbis,shilkaensis,,,,,Starobogatov 1996, 189807,Geloina luchuana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Geloina,luchuana,,,,,(Pilsbry), 189808,Mystus seengtee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,seengtee,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Mystus seengtee was originally described as Pimelodus seengtee by Sykes (1839, 1841) from Bhima river at Pairgaon, Maharashtra, India. It was previously included as a synonym of M. cavasius, however, recently M. seengtee was resurrected as a valid species (Chakrabarty and Ng 2005)." 18981,Marstonia pachyta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,pachyta,,,,,"Thompson, 1977","The genus Marstonia formerly was relegated to synonymy with Pyrgulopsis by Hershler and Thompson (1987). But Thompson and Hershler (2002) later re-evaluated eastern North American species and assigned to Pyrgulopsis and recognized them as distinct species of the genus Marstonia (J. Cordiero pers. comm. 2010)." 189814,Raorchestes resplendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,resplendens,,,,,"Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, & Bossuyt, 2010", 18982,Pyrgulopsis pecosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,pecosensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 18983,Pyrgulopsis pisteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,pisteri,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 18984,Pyrgulopsis robusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,robusta,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 18986,Pyrgulopsis simplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,simplex,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 18987,Pyrgulopsis sola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,sola,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 190224,Notarius bonillai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,bonillai,,,,,"(Miles, 1945)", 19036,Pyxis planicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Pyxis,planicauda,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)", 19037,Quadrasiella clathrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Quadrasiella,clathrata,,,,,"Möllendorff, 1894", 19038,Quadrasiella mucronata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Quadrasiella,mucronata,,,,,"Möllendorff, 1894", 19040,Quadrula fragosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Quadrula,fragosa,,,,,"Conrad, 1835", 19042,Theliderma sparsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Theliderma,sparsa,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)", 19043,Theliderma stapes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Theliderma,stapes,,,,,"(Lea, 1831)", 19044,Cyclonaias asperata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyclonaias,asperata,,,,,"(Lea, 1861)", 19045,Quadrula couchiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Quadrula,couchiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1860)", 19047,Cyclonaias houstonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyclonaias,houstonensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1859)", 19049,Cyclonaias refulgens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyclonaias,refulgens,,,,,"(Lea, 1868)", 190494,Boana stellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,stellae,,,,,"Kwet, 2008","A population known from Perau de Janeiro, Municipality of Arvorezinha, is regarded as belonging to this species (A. Kwet pers. comm. October 2010), although differences noted by the describing author (Kwet 2008) may justify its future description as a separate named species." 190495,Scinax tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,tigrinus,,,,,"Nunes, Carvalho & Pereira, 2010", 190496,Gastrotheca flamma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,flamma,,,,,"Juncá & Nunes, 2008","There is considerable uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of this species, which is currently under investigation (V.G. Dill Orrico pers. comm. 2021)." 190498,Abida ateni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,ateni,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1973","Abida ateni was considered to be a subspecies of Abida secale by Fauna Europeae (Bank et al. 2006). However, here, we follow Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) who consider them to be distinct species." 190499,Abida vergniesiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Abida,vergniesiana,,,,,"(Küster, 1847)","Abida vergniesiana was conisidered to be a subspecies of Abida pyrenaearia by Fauna Europeae (Bank et al. 2006). However, here, we follow Kokshoorn and Gittenberger (2010) who consider them to be distinct species." 190502,Monilearia tubaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,tubaeformis,,,,,"Alonso & Groh, 2006", 19051,Theliderma tuberosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Theliderma,tuberosa,,,,,"(Lea, 1840)", 19055,Fusconaia infucata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,infucata,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 19057,Quintalia flosculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Quintalia,flosculus,,,,,"Cox, 1866", 19058,Quintalia stoddartii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Quintalia,stoddartii,,,,,"Gray, 1834", 19063,Radiocentrum avalonense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OREOHELICIDAE,Radiocentrum,avalonense,,,,,"(Hemphill, 1905)", 19064,Radioconus goeldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Radioconus,goeldi,,,,,"Thiele, 1927", 19065,Radioconus riochcoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Radioconus,riochcoensis,,,,,"Crawford, 1939", 19066,Radiodiscus amdenus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Radiodiscus,amdenus,,,,,"Thiele, 1927", 19067,Radiodiscus compactus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Radiodiscus,compactus,,,,,"Suter, 1980", 19068,Radiodiscus coppingers,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Radiodiscus,coppingers,,,,,"Smith, 1881", 19069,Radiodiscus iheringi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Radiodiscus,iheringi,,,,,"Smith, 1881", 190777,Orientogomphus minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Orientogomphus,minor,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1931)","

The species was described in Acrogomphus (Laidlaw 1931) and records have appeared with the species placed in Onychogomphus. Wilson (2008) transferred the species to Orientogomphus and summarised all taxonomic and distributional information on it.

" 190778,Drepanosticta khaochongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,khaochongensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1984","This species differentiation from Drepanosticta sharpi has not been clearly demonstrated." 190780,Nannophyopsis clara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophyopsis,clara,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)", 190781,Protosticta robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,robusta,,,,,"Fraser, 1933","Protosticta robusta was described, and is still only known, from a single female specimen (Fraser 1933) collected in 1932. The main feature given to distinguish the species from other Protosticta species was its high nodal index, a wing venational character of doubtful taxonomic value." 190782,Leptogomphus risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,risi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1932",The female of the species is not known. 190786,Somatochlora dido,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,dido,,,,,"Needham, 1930 ","Somatochlora dido Needham, 1930 was described from Sichuan. Wilson (2005) reported a male from Maoershan, Guangxi and synonymised Somatochlora taiwana Inoue and Yokota (2001), which was described from Yuan Yang Lake, Taiwan, with S. dido. Inoue and Yokata (2001) considered S. taiwana different from S. dido in a number of respects, principally (1) distance between the base of superior appendages and basal spine is one-third of total length in S. dido and one-sixth in S. taiwana and (2) broadest part of superiors situated distally in S. dido and centrally in S. taiwana. Wilson (2005) showed that specimens from Guangxi, southern China were intermediate between Sichuan and Taiwan and considered it rational to treat S. taiwana and S. dido as a single species." 190788,Microgomphus thailandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,thailandica,,,,,"Asahina, 1981","Boonsoong and Chainthong (2014) described the female and larva of Microgomphus thailandicus, which provided information that clarified the generic and specific identity of this species; this allowed Makbun and Fleck (2018) to confirm M. thailandicus Asahina, 1981 as a junior synonym of M. svihleri (Asahina, 1970)." 190792,Macrogomphus matsukii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,matsukii,,,,,"Asahina, 1986","The status of this species, when compared with M. borikhanensis Fraser, 1933, is uncertain." 190795,Rhipidolestes pallidistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,pallidistigma,,,,,"(Fraser, 1926)","Until recently Rhipidolestes pallidistigma was placed in its own genus Calilestes Fraser, 1926. Kalkman and Wilson (2010) showed that the species in fact belongs in Rhipidolestes." 190797,Burmagomphus johnseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,johnseni,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1966 ",The species description is based on male specimens. 190803,Orientogomphus naninus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Orientogomphus,naninus,,,,,"(Förster, 1905)",The female of the species is not known. 190809,Burmagomphus divaricatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,divaricatus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1964 ", 190812,Burmagomphus williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,williamsoni,,,,,"Förster, 1914 ","Three subspecies of Burmagomphus williamsoni are sometimes recognised: B. w. williamsoni, B. w. javicus and B. w. austrosundanus. The distribution of the subspecies is somewhat puzzling; the whole complex should be re-examined." 190813,Burmagomphus insolitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,insolitus,,,,,"Asahina, 1986 ","The taxonomic position of the species should be reviewed. When Asahina (1986) described it, he himself questioned the genus he was placing it in." 190814,Anisopleura trulla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,trulla,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2003 ","This species is described only from the male (Hämäläinen and Pinratana 1999, Hämäläinen 2003)." 190816,Coeliccia mingxiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,mingxiensis,,,,,"Xu, 2006 ","The species was described from a single teneral (freshly emerged) male (Xu 2006), which lacks any strong diagnostic structural characters. It is difficult to verify records from other locations by comparison with the description." 190819,Asiagomphus auricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,auricolor,,,,,"(Fraser, 1926)","The species was described, and remains known from, a single female specimen." 190821,Drepanosticta jurzitzai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,jurzitzai,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1999",The female of this species is undescribed. 190823,Palaeothemis tillyardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palaeothemis,tillyardi,,,,,"Fraser, 1923", 190828,Lestes angularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,angularis,,,,,"Fraser, 1929 ","

Lestes angularis is known from a single male, and is said to be very similar to both Lestes elatus Hagen in Selys, 1862 and Lestes viridulus Rambur, 1842 (Fraser 1929, 1933). The status of this species should be re-examined.

" 190829,Ceriagrion chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,chaoi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1964","

Asahina (1970) considered Ceriagrion chaoi to be a junior synonym of C. auranticum Fraser 1922. However Hämäläinen (1987) showed convincingly that C. chaoi is a separate species. Individuals from Singapore identified as C. chaoi differ quite noticeably in colouration from those from further north.

" 190832,Prodasineura auricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,auricolor,,,,,"(Fraser, 1927)","According to Dow (unpublished), Prodasineura doisuthepensis Hoess, 2007 is possibly a junior synonym of this species, which both occur at the same locality. The only difference between the two species, at least that is apparent from the description and discussion in Hoess (2007) appears to be in the colour of their pale markings: blue in doisuthepensis but yellow in auricolor. Examples are already known in the Asian Protoneuridae of species which typically have orange or yellow pale markings, but which in some populations have pale markings blue in individuals that are not fully mature (Orr 2001, Dow 2008, Lieftinck 1937), such individuals can even be reproductively active." 190833,Tyriobapta torrida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tyriobapta,torrida,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 190834,Copera chantaburii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,chantaburii,,,,,"Asahina, 1984 ", 190837,Cryptophaea yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Cryptophaea,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Davies & Yang, 1996) ",


190838,Orchithemis pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orchithemis,pulcherrima,,,,,"Brauer, 1878", 190840,Lestes elatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,elatus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862 ","
" 190842,Lamelligomphus tutulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,tutulus,,,,,"Liu & Chao in Chao, 1990", 190845,Zygonyx immaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,immaculata,,,,,"Fraser, 1933","The species apparently differs from the widespread Zygonyx iris, a species with a number of subspecies, in details of colouration and wing venation only. It is known from only two males and may ultimately prove to be a junior synonym or a subspecies of Z. iris." 190846,Megalogomphus cochinchinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,cochinchinensis,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)","The only certain records of this species are that of the type male from “Cochinchine” (Selys 1878) and a recent unpublished record from Khan Hoa province in southern Viet Nam (a male specimen was collected by M. Hämäläinen at Ba Ho falls [12° 23’ 22’’ N, 109° 08’ 14’’ E; alt. 25 m ] in 2009. The specimen is presently in Coll. Karube.).

Förster (1905) regarded the species as a synonym of M. smithii (Selys, 1854), a Himalayan species, but it is not clear if his assessment is correct." 190851,Pseudothemis jorina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pseudothemis,jorina,,,,,"Förster, 1904", 190854,Merogomphus pavici,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Merogomphus,pavici,,,,,"Martin, 1904","

Although the original spelling of the species name is 'pavici', in literature most later authors have used the spelling 'paviei', since it is evident that the species was named in honour of Auguste Pavie. However, the spelling 'pavici' may actually have been based on the latinized form of the surname - Pavicius (J. van Tol, in litt.). Therefore, in agreement with the usage of this taxon name in Catalogue of Life (2011) the original spelling 'pavici' is used here.""

" 190855,Amphigomphus somnuki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Amphigomphus,somnuki,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1996 ", 190856,Protosticta linnaei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,linnaei,,,,,"van Tol, 2008", 190858,Mattigomphus pinratani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Mattigomphus,pinratani,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)","Karube and Kosterin (2018) described the genus Mattigomphus, to include two species: tamdaoensis (formerly Merogomphus tamdaoensis Karube, 2001) and pinratanai (formerly Anisogomphus pinratani Hämäläinen, 1991). Merogomphus chaoi Yang & Davies, 1993 is also now recognised as a junior synonym of Mattigomphus pinratani (Karube and Kosterin 2018)." 190859,Megalestes kurahashii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,kurahashii,,,,,"Asahina, 1985", 190862,Burmagomphus minusculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,minusculus,,,,,"(Selys, 1878) ","The species is known only from the female type, which is apparently lost (Fraser 1934). From the description given by de Selys (1878) it is not possible to know even what genus it belongs to with any certainty." 190867,Protosticta grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,grandis,,,,,"Asahina, 1985", 190868,Nihonogomphus thomassoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,thomassoni,,,,,"(Kirby, 1900)",There was some historical dispute over the presence of this species in Viet Nam but recently specimens have been confirmed in northern Viet Nam. 190911,Platycnemis phasmovolans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,phasmovolans,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2003", 191416,Procordulia asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,asahinai,,,,,"Karube, 2007", 19148,Lithobates fisheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,fisheri,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1893)","Morphological analyses support the view that Lithobates fisheri represents a distinct species (Jennings et al. 1995). Subpopulations from central Arizona and western New Mexico previously attributed to L. chiricahuensis have been suggested to belong to species on the basis of mtDNA analysis (Hekkala et al. 2011), however, this claim is disputed and is currently not recognized (Herrman et al. 2021)." 191547,Agardhiella tunde,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,tunde,,,,,"Deli, 2010", 19175,Rana boylii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,boylii,,,,,"Baird, 1854", 19176,Rana cascadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,cascadae,,,,,"Slater, 1939", 19177,Rana muscosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,muscosa,,,,,"Camp, 1917",Vredenburg et al. (2007) examined the phylogeography of Rana muscosa as defined by Stebbins (2003) and determined that R. muscosa occurs in the southern Sierra Nevada and in mountains to the south and that populations in the Sierra Nevada north of this range comprise a distinct species (Rana sierrae). 19178,Lithobates onca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,onca,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)","There has been historical confusion and controversy regarding the taxonomic status of various leopard frog populations in the region occupied by Lithobates onca (Jaeger et al. 2001). The Vegas Valley Leopard Frog, R. fisheri, (now considered extinct) previously was regarded as a subspecies of R. onca. Jennings et al. (1995) conducted morphological comparisons and concluded that R. fisheri and R. onca are distinct species. Jaeger et al. (2001) examined variation in mtDNA, genomic DNA, and morphology and concluded that certain leopard frog populations in the Virgin River/Black Canyon (Colorado River) region represent a species (Lithobates onca) distinct from the lowland leopard frog (L. yavapaiensis). The Relict Leopard Frog was also found to be quite distinct from the Las Vegas Valley Leopard Frog (L. fisheri; now considered extinct) based on a genetic analysis of archival samples of that species (Hekkala et al. 2011). The Relict Leopard Frog was moved from the genus Rana to Lithobates by Frost et al. (2006), although that taxonomic revision remains contentious." 19179,Rana pretiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,pretiosa,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853","Rana luteiventris was previously included in this species before being elevated to species status by Green et al. (1996, 1997)." 19180,Lithobates subaquavocalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,subaquavocalis,,,,,"(Platz, 1993)",Some systematists doubt that Lithobates subaquavocalis is distinct from L. chiricahuensis. 19181,Lithobates yavapaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,yavapaiensis,,,,,"(Platz and Frost, 1984)", 19301,Ranella olearia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,BUCCINIDAE,Ranella,olearia,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 19302,Ranella parthenopaeum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,BUCCINIDAE,Ranella,parthenopaeum,,,,,"Von Salis, 1793", 19304,Ranodon sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Ranodon,sibiricus,,,,,"Kessler, 1866", 193262,Lygodactylus roavolana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,roavolana,,,,,"Puente, Glaw, Vieites & Vences, 2009", 193263,Phelsuma borai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,borai,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2009","Some western records of Phelsuma mutabilis, especially in the northwest, may refer to this species, but this is difficult to establish with certainty as genetic evidence shows that true P. mutabilis is also found in this region (Glaw et al. 2009)." 193409,Monilearia inops,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,inops,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","This species was never found back since its description. It had been considered a synonym of Monilearia caementitia (see Bank et al. 2002), but after check of the type specimens it has been raised to a species in its own rights (Fauna Europaea version 2010, http://www.faunaeur.org)." 193410,Monilearia umbicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,umbicula,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)","Until recently, the taxonomic status of this species had been unclear, and its provenance has been unclear (Bank et al. 2002). However, new investigations suggest that this taxon in fact is a member of the genus Monilearia (unpublished data, Ibanez, Alonso and Groh pers. comm. 2011)." 193411,Monilearia multipunctata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,multipunctata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 193413,Napaeus servus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,servus,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 193414,Napaeus subsimplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,subsimplex,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","This species was treated as a probable synonym of N. bertheloti (Bank et al. 2002), but recently raised to specific rank in Fauna Europaea." 193415,Napaeus ornamentatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,ornamentatus,,,,,"Moro, 2009", 193416,Napaeus severus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,severus,,,,,"(Mabille, 1898)", 193417,Napaeus tafadaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,tafadaensis,,,,,"Yanes, 2009", 193418,Napaeus teobaldoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,teobaldoi,,,,,"Martin, 2009", 193419,Napaeus bajamarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,bajamarensis,,,,,"Ibanez & Alonso, 2009", 193421,Hemicycla invernicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,invernicata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)", 193422,Hemicycla laurijona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,laurijona,,,,,"Alonso & Ibanez, 2007", 193423,Hemicycla fulgida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,fulgida,,,,,"Alonso & Ibanez, 2007", 193482,Calumma tarzan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,tarzan,,,,,"Gehring, Pabijan, Ratsoavina, Köhler, Vences & Glaw, 2010", 193484,Furcifer timoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,timoni,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2009", 193485,Liophidium pattoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,pattoni,,,,,"Vieites, Ratsoavina, Randrianiaina, Nagy, Glaw & Vences, 2010", 193486,Paracontias kankana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,kankana,,,,,"Köhler, Vieites, Glaw, Kaffenberger & Vences, 2009", 193487,Paracontias fasika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,fasika,,,,,"Köhler, Vences, Erbacher & Glaw, 2010","A photograph of the only known specimen of this species was included by Glaw and Vences (2007) as Paracontias hildebrandti, with the note that this identification was tentative." 193488,Phelsuma roesleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,roesleri,,,,,"Glaw, Gehring, Köhler, Franzen & Vences, 2010","It is likely that an unidentified species reported from the Ankarana Massif in the 1980s represents P. roesleri, but this is not known from specimens and so its identity cannot be confirmed (Glaw et al. 2010)." 193489,Phelsuma ravenala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,ravenala,,,,,"Raxworthy, Ingram, Rabibisoa & Pearson, 2007","Genetically this species is indistinguishable from Phelsuma dubia based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes (Rocha et al. 2009). Morphological differences are in need of clarification (F. Glaw pers. comm. January 2011)." 193490,Phelsuma grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,grandis,,,,,"Gray, 1870","This gecko was formerly considered a subspecies of the widespread Phelsuma madagascariensis. It was elevated to full species status by Raxworthy et al. (2007). This change has since been supported in a revision of Malagasy Phelsuma based on genetic data (Rocha et al. 2010)." 193491,Phelsuma kochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,kochi,,,,,"Mertens, 1954","This gecko was formerly considered a subspecies of the widespread Phelsuma madagascariensis. It was elevated to full species status by Raxworthy et al. (2007). This change has since been supported in a revision of Malagasy Phelsuma based on genetic data (Rocha et al. 2010)." 193492,Phelsuma hoeschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,hoeschi,,,,,"Berghof & Trautmann, 2009","The distinction between Phelsuma hoeschi and P. pusilla hallmanni requires further clarification." 193493,Phelsuma dorsivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,dorsivittata,,,,,Mertens. 1964,"This gecko was formerly considered a subspecies of Phelsuma lineata, but was elevated to full species status by Rocha et al. (2010)." 193494,Phelsuma parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,parva,,,,,"Meier, 1983","This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of Phelsuma quadriocellata, but was elevated to full species status on the basis of molecular evidence by Rocha et al. (2010). The identity of inland populations of P. quadriocellata needs to be clarified, as some of these may be assignable to P. parva." 193496,Phisalixella tulearensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Phisalixella,tulearensis,,,,,"(Domergue, 1995)","Nagy et al. 2010 removed this species from synonymy with Stenophis variabilis (where it had been placed by Vences et al. 2004) on the basis of molecular data. The same authors elevated the subgenus Phisalixella to a full genus. The precise definition of P. tulearensis and P. variabilis needs additional work (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011)." 193498,Trachylepis betsileana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,betsileana,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1906)","Trachylepis betsileana is known only from the holotype, which is nearly identical to the West African T. perroteti (Nussbaum and Raxworthy 1995). It is possible that this specimen may have been collected from somewhere on the African mainland rather than on Madagascar (Brygoo 1983), and it appears not to have been included as a Madagascan taxon by Glaw and Vences (2007).

Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. 2002, who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. 2006 recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011)." 193499,Madatyphlops andasibensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,andasibensis,,,,,"(Wallach & Glaw, 2009)",A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm January 2011). 193500,Madatyphlops boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,boettgeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)","Typhlops boettgeri was treated as a synonym of T. arenarius when that species was assessed for the Sampled Red List Index. A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm January 2011)." 193501,Madatyphlops rajeryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,rajeryi,,,,,"(Renoult & Raselimanana, 2009)",A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). 193513,Madatyphlops arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,arenarius,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)","A taxonomic revision of all Malagasy Typhlops needs to be carried out (M. Vences pers. comm January 2011)." 193619,Bythinella vesontiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,vesontiana,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1989","See Bichain et al. (2007) and Benke et al. (2009) for a review of the current state of taxonomy in this group. Research is ongoing on the species relationships, as species limits based on  shell characters are insufficient to identify species in this group." 193870,Cochlostoma acutum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,acutum,,,,,"(Caziot, 1908)","Germain (1930) and Alzona (1971) list this species under the authorship of Pollonera. According to Falkner et al. (2002) this is the synonym of Cochlostoma simrothi. By contrast, Gargominy and Ripken (2006) believed that it is a distinct taxon." 193871,Cochlostoma fuchsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,fuchsi,,,,,"Fehér, 2004","Described by Fehér (2004). In the Fuchs collection, specimens from the type locality were indicated as ""Auritus bischoffi"", but this name has never been published." 19426,Renea bourguignatiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,bourguignatiana,,,,,"Nevill, 1880", 19427,Renea gormonti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,gormonti,,,,,"Boeters & Gittenberger, 1989", 19429,Renea paillona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,paillona,,,,,"Boeters & Gittenberger, 1989", 194327,Cochlostoma pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,pinteri,,,,,"Fehér, 2004","This species has been described by Fehér (2004) with three subspecies: Cochlostoma pinteri pinteri, C. pinteri erossi and C. pinteri hanswagneri.
Recent molecular studies have revealed that C. pinteri hanswagneri belongs to another species (Fehér in preparation, yet unpublished). Therefore, in this assessment only the nominate form and C. pinteri erossi are considered." 194329,Bangana musaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,musaei,,,,,"Kottelat & Steiner, 2011", 19433,Reymondia horei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Reymondia,horei,,,,,"(Smith, 1880)", 19434,Reymondia pyramidalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Reymondia,pyramidalis,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1888","Note this name is not currently in use, however is likely to be resurrected in revision (West et al. 2003)" 19435,Reymondia tanganyicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Reymondia,tanganyicensis,,,,,"Smith, 1889", 19440,Rhachis comorensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Rhachis,comorensis,,,,,"(Morelet, 1881)", 19441,Rhachis sanguineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Rhachis,sanguineus,,,,,"(Barclay, 1857)", 194471,Alzoniella somiedoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,somiedoensis,,,,,"Rolan, Arcondada & Boeters, 2009","

Alzoniella (A.) somiedoensis differs from A. (A.) rolani (Boeters, 1986), known from Galicia and Portugal, by a rough, scaly surface of the protooconch (Rolan et al. 2009).

" 194485,Belgrandia silviae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,silviae,,,,,"Rolan & Oliviera, 2009","Synonym: Belgrandia gibba Draparnaud, 1805 [partim]. in Nobre (1930: 206). The species Belgrandia gibba refers to both Belgrandia silviae and Belgrandia lusitanica; see Rolan and Oliviera (2009)." 194491,Alzoniella pellitica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,pellitica,,,,,"Arconada, B., Rolán, E. & Boeters, H.D. 2007","

Originally placed by Rolán (1993) as part of Alzoniella elliptica. The species has similar conchological (shell) characters, but differs anatomically in characters of the seminal receptacules (Arconada et al. 2007).

" 194492,Belgrandia alcoaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,alcoaensis,,,,,"C. R. Boettger, 1963","

Belgrandia alcoaensis was considered as a subspecies by Haase (2000: 185) based on an examination of one shell (a paratype). Rolan and Oliveira (2009) have examined many specimens and consider it very different from the other Portuguese species due to the almost flat whorls, especially the last one, the prominent spiral cord and lack of any axial thickening. 

" 19452,Rhagada gibbensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Rhagada,gibbensis,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 19453,Rhagada harti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Rhagada,harti,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 19459,Rhantus alutaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhantus,alutaceus,,,,,, 19460,Rhantus novacaledoniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhantus,novacaledoniae,,,,,"Balfour-Browne, 1944", 19461,Rhantus orbignyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhantus,orbignyi,,,,,"Balke, 1992", 19462,Rhantus papuanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhantus,papuanus,,,,,"Balfour-Browne, 1939", 194695,Oestophora ebria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Oestophora,ebria,,,,,"(Corbella, 2004)","This species was originally described as Suboestophora. Ruiz et al. (2009) studied the anatomy of reproductive system and conclude S. ebria belongs to Oestophora." 19475,Rheobatrachus silus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Rheobatrachus,silus,,,,,"Liem, 1973", 19476,Rheobatrachus vitellinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Rheobatrachus,vitellinus,,,,,"Mahony, Tyler & Davies, 1984", 194816,Bathypterois mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,mediterraneus,,,,,"Bauchot, 1962",May occasionally be confused with Bathypterois dubius. 194846,Echiodon dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,dentatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 194848,Parophidion vassali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Parophidion,vassali,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 194873,Gobius bucchichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,bucchichi,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870", 194876,Gobius strictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,strictus,,,,,"Fage, 1907","According to Miller (1986) and Kovačić (2004) Gobius strictus Fage, 1907 is a junior synonym of Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789. The status of three small syntopic gobiid species (Gobius assoi, Gobius strictus, and Cabotichthys schmidti) was clarified by Miller (1967, 1973). Miller (1967) concluded that Gobius assoi De Buen, 1936 is a junior synonym of Cabotichthys schmidti (De Buen, 1930), and that this species should be assigned to genus Gobius. Miller (1973) later considered Gobius schmidti (De Buen, 1930) a junior synonym of Gobius strictus Fage, 1907, and not a valid species. Finally, Miller (1986) further developed his opinion and suspected that Gobius strictus Fage, 1907 not to be a valid species, but misidentified juveniles of another, larger Gobius, Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789.

Studies of the morphology of juveniles and early juveniles of G. cruentatus confirmed that there was almost no differences between juveniles of G. cruentatus and the morphology given in the description of G. strictus. Without further evidence to justify the validity of G. strictus it should be considered a junior synonym of G. cruentatus (Kovačić 2004, M. Kovačić pers. comm. 2014)." 194894,Kuhlia rubens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,rubens,,,,,"(Spinola, 1807)", 194966,Hypsibarbus pierrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,pierrei,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)", 1950,Aquadulcaris pheronyx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,PARAMELITIDAE,Aquadulcaris,pheronyx,,,,,"(Stewart & Griffiths, 1992)", 195060,Pseudolaguvia austrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Pseudolaguvia,austrina,,,,,"Radhakrishnan, Sureshkumar & Ng, 2011","Pseudolaguvia austrina is a recently described species by Radhakrishnan, Sureshkumar and Ng (2010) from Kunthi River (a tributary of the Bharathapuzha  River) at Mannarkkad, Kerala, India." 195062,Scardinius knezevici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,knezevici,,,,,"Bianco & Kottelat, 2005", 195063,Squalius albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,albus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)","Often considered as a synonym of Squalius squalus." 195005,Pseudobithynia euboeensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,euboeensis,,,,,"Glöer, Falniowski & Pesic 2010", 19512,Rhinocypha uenoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,uenoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1964", 195290,Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,stigmofasciatus,,,,,"Arunachalam & Muralidharan, 2009","Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus is a recently described species by Arunachalam and Muralidharan (2009) from Thuttinjet, Seethanathi river, Karnataka State, India." 195345,Gibbularctus gibberosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Gibbularctus,gibberosus,,,,,"(de Man, 1905)", 195347,Chilostoma frigidum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Chilostoma,frigidum,,,,,"(De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)","This species has been removed as a separate unit from the stock of Chilostoma cingulatum. It  is a polytypic species comprising two subspecies: Chilostoma (Cingulifera) frigidum frigidum (De Cristofori & Jan 1832) and Chilostoma (Cingulifera) frigidum liguricum (Kobelt, 1876)." 195351,Pseudobithynia ambrakis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,ambrakis,,,,,"Glöer, Falniowski & Pešić, 2010", 195353,Bithynia hellenica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,hellenica,,,,,"Kobelt, 1892", 195354,Pseudobithynia zogari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,zogari,,,,,"Glöer, Falniowski & Pesic, 2010", 195365,Agardhiella domokosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,domokosi,,,,,"Subai, 2011",This is a recently described species (Subai 2011). 195366,Agardhiella langaleta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,langaleta,,,,,"Subai, 2011",This is a recently described species (Subai 2011). 195367,Agardhiella pirotana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,pirotana,,,,,"Subai, 2011",This is a recently described species (Subai 2011). 195368,Agardhiella serbica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,serbica,,,,,"Subai, 2011",This is a recently described species (Subai 2011). 195411,Agardhiella armata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,armata,,,,,"(Clessin, 1887)", 195412,Agardhiella biarmata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,biarmata,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1880)", 195413,Agardhiella caesa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,caesa,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1876) ","According to Subai (2011) the right spelling of the species is Agardhiella caesa. The name ""caesia"" was used by Kimakowicz (1883)." 195414,Agardhiella incerta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,incerta,,,,,"Grossu, 1986 ", 195417,Milesiana schuelei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Milesiana,schuelei,,,,,"(Boeters, 1981)", 195420,Galearctus avulsus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SCYLLARIDAE,Galearctus,avulsus,,,,,"Yang, Chen & Chan, 2011",This species was previously misidentified as Galearctus kitanoviriosus (T-.Y. Chan pers. comm. 2011). 195500,Ololygon belloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,belloni,,,,,"(Faivovich, Gasparini & Haddad, 2010)", 195507,Islamia lagari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,lagari,,,,,"(Altimira, 1960)","

This species was listed as subspecies of I. gloubularis in Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006). but raised to a species by Arconada and Ramos (2006) after comparison work was done.

" 195508,Islamia pallida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,pallida,,,,,"Arconada & Ramos, 2006","

This new species is not listed in Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006).

" 195509,Islamia henrici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,henrici,,,,,"Arconada & Ramos, 2006","This new species is not listed in Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006). Two subspecies were described I. henrici henrici (Córdoba populations) and I. henrici giennensis (Jaen populations)." 195510,Unio delphinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,delphinus,,,,,"Spengler, 1793","This species was recently spilt from Unio pictorum in Spain, and hence there is little data under this name. It was assessed for the Andalusian Red Book under the name Unio cf pictorum. Araujo et al. (2009) reviewed the status of the species and fully documents other synonyms." 19558,Rhinolophus paradoxolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,paradoxolophus,,,,,"(Bourret, 1951)", 196057,Myxine glutinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,glutinosa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","According to Fernholm and Wheeler (1983), four specimens in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History) are probably the original material examined by Linnaeus (1758) to describe the species and they should be accorded type status.

The western North Atlantic population was at one time assigned to a separate species, Myxine limosa Girard (1859), and Wisner and McMillan (1995) suggested a return to this practice based on differences in size at maturity (eastern North Atlantic are smaller) and colour differences in preserved specimens. In the absence of other supporting morphological data, these features seem insufficient to justify dividing the eastern and western Atlantic populations into separate species (Martini et al. 1998, Martini and Flescher 2002). More conclusive studies involving morphological and molecular data are necessary to resolve this taxonomic question." 196058,Myxine hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,hubbsi,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995", 196059,Myxine hubbsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,hubbsoides,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995", 196060,Myxine ios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,ios,,,,,"Fernholm, 1981","Myxine ios is known from two populations as defined by Fernholm (1981). The Irish population is mainly known from Porcupine Seabight, southwestern Ireland (Fernholm 1981, Merrett et al. 1991, Priede et al. 1994). The West African population is known off Western Sahara, from Cap Boujdour to Cap Blanc (Fernholm 1981). Two specimens were recently trawled off Angolan waters and they present very similar characters to those of the Western Sahara population (Tweddle and Anderson 2008). The populations differ slightly in coloration (Fernholm 1981), and it is unknown if they may represent separate species.
According to Møller et al. (2005), some records of M. ios from the Denmark Strait (Fernholm and Vladykov 1984) and West Greenland (collected by Jørgensen in 2003) might belong to M. jespersenae." 196061,Myxine jespersenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,jespersenae,,,,,"Møller, Feld, Poulsen, Thomsen & Thormar, 2005", 196004,Paracontias vermisaurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Paracontias,vermisaurus,,,,,"Miralles, Köhler, Vieites, Glaw & Vences, 2011","This species closely resembles Paracontias hafa, a species known only from its holotype. The lack of molecular data for, or information on variation within, P. hafa makes it difficult to establish the validity of P. vermisaurus with certainty (Miralles et al. 2011), although these authors suggest that several subtle morphological differences justify treating the two taxa as distinct species." 196071,Nemamyxine elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Nemamyxine,elongata,,,,,"Richardson, 1958", 196072,Nemamyxine kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Nemamyxine,kreffti,,,,,"McMillan & Wisner, 1982", 196074,Neomyxine biniplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Neomyxine,biniplicata,,,,,"(Richardson & Jowett, 1951)",The specimen FMNH 61897 was erroneously listed as a paratype by Ibarra and Stewart (1987). The species was originally described by Richardson and Jowett (1951) as Myxine biniplicata based on a 315 mm dissected female and a second small and damaged specimen measuring approximately 163 mm total length (TL). 196076,Notomyxine tridentiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Notomyxine,tridentiger,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)","The three foremost teeth confluent at the base is given by Günther (1870) as a character of M. australis (but occurs in only one 490 mm specimen from Sandy Point, which was selected by Regan (1913) as the lectotype of M. tridentiger. Based on the recent examination of all type series, the paralectotypes BMNH 1868.6.15.5-6 from Sandy Point (Punta Arenas) were re-identified as Myxine affinis, and paralectotypes BMNH 1868.9.16.12-13 from Tyssen Islands as Myxine knappi (Mincarone unpublished data)." 196078,Paramyxine ancon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,ancon,,,,,"(Mok, Saavedra-Diaz & Acero P., 2001)","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196079,Paramyxine atami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,atami,,,,,"Dean, 1904","Some six-gilled Paramyxine species previously misidentified (all or in part) as P. atami have frequently been reported from Taiwanese, Japanese or Korean waters (e.g., Matsubara 1937, 1955; Mori 1952; Lindberg and Legeza 1959; Strahan and Homna 1960, 1961; Strahan 1962, 1975; Shen and Tao 1975, Sato 1984; Yamada et al. 1986, Iwata 1993, 2000; Honma 1998, Nakabo 2002, Youn, 2002). Those from Taiwan were described by Kuo et al. (1994) as P. fernholmi, P. sheni, or P. wisneri. Those from Japan have been recently described by McMillan and Wisner (2004) as P. moki or P. walkeri.

Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196012,Gerres simillimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,simillimus,,,,,"Regan, 1907","This species is identified by Robertson and Allen (2006) as Gerres simillimus, which considers the Atlantic and Pacific species to be separate. However, it is also known as Gerres peruvianus." 196013,Eptatretus alastairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,alastairi,,,,,"Mincarone & Fernholm, 2010", 196080,Paramyxine cheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,cheni,,,,,"Shen & Tao, 1975","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196014,Eptatretus astrolabium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,astrolabium,,,,,"Fernholm & Mincarone, 2010", 196081,Paramyxine chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,chinensis,,,,,"(Kuo & Mok, 1994)","Paramyxine chinensis was originally described from five specimens collected east of Hainan Island, at 600 m depth (Kuo and Mok 1994), and later redescribed by Chen et al. (2005) based on 30 additional specimens trapped from the South China Sea, at depths of approximately 500 m.

Chen et al. (2005) stated that P. chinensis was described based on five type specimens. However, there are only three type specimens listed in the original description and other two that were used in molecular studies, which have no type status (Kuo and Mok 1994).

Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196015,Eptatretus bischoffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,bischoffii,,,,,"(Schneider, 1880)", 196082,Paramyxine fernholmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,fernholmi,,,,,"Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196016,Eptatretus burgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,burgeri,,,,,"(Girard, 1855)","Eptatretus burgeri was briefly described by Girard (1855) based on an illustration of a single specimen from Simabara Bay, which was previously misidentified as Heptatrema cirrhatum by Temminck and Schlegel (1850: 310, pl. 143)." 196083,Paramyxine moki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,moki,,,,,"McMillan & Wisner, 2004","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196017,Eptatretus caribbeaus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,caribbeaus,,,,,"Fernholm, 1982", 196084,Paramyxine nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,nelsoni,,,,,"Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994","The number of gill pouches in the original description of P. nelsoni was reported as four, based on the holotype, a small specimen with only four gill apertures. When latter dissected, it was found to have five gill pouches. Kuo and Mok (1999) redescribed the species based on 309 specimens, of which most of them had five and just nine had four gill apertures and/or pouches.

Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196018,Eptatretus carlhubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,carlhubbsi,,,,,"McMillan & Wisner, 1984", 196085,Paramyxine sheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,sheni,,,,,"Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196019,Eptatretus deani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,deani,,,,,"(Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907)", 196086,Paramyxine springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,springeri,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1952","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196087,Paramyxine taiwanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,taiwanae,,,,,"Shen & Tao, 1975","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196020,Eptatretus eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,eos,,,,,"Fernholm, 1991", 196088,Paramyxine walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,walkeri,,,,,"McMillan & Wisner, 2004","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196021,Eptatretus fernholmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,fernholmi,,,,,"McMillan & Wisner, 2004","This species was described based on unpublished notes of Bo Fernholm, taken from a single damaged specimen about 35 years ago. The holotype was possibly lost (McMillan and Wisner 2004)." 196022,Eptatretus fritzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,fritzi,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1990", 196090,Paramyxine wisneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,wisneri,,,,,"Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196023,Eptatretus goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,goliath,,,,,"Mincarone & Stewart, 2006", 196091,Paramyxine yangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Paramyxine,yangi,,,,,"Teng, 1958","Fernholm treats the genus Paramyxine Dean, 1908 as a synonym of Eptatretus Cloquet 1819 (Fernholm 1998, Fernholm and Quattrini 2008), while other authors treat Paramyxine as a valid genus (Wisner 1999, McMillan and Wisner 2004, Kuo et al. 2010). Eschmeyer and Fricke (2011) follow Fernholm's advice on this and place all Paramyxine species within Eptatretus. This results in some duplicate names: E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994) (formerly Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok 1994); and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 and E. fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) (formerly Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994). To resolve this issue, both E. wisneri McMillan 1999 and E. fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004, as the more recent descriptions, need to be renamed.

The current IUCN Red List retains the genus Paramyxine until the above taxonomic work has been completed." 196024,Eptatretus gomoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,gomoni,,,,,"Mincarone & Fernholm, 2010", 196025,Eptatretus grouseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,grouseri,,,,,"McMillan, 1999", 196026,Eptatretus hexatrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,hexatrema,,,,,"(Müller, 1836)","Bdellostoma-hexatrema was briefly described by Müller (1836) as having six gill apertures on both left and right sides. Based on this character, he also described Bdellostoma heterotrema, which had seven and six gill apertures on the left and right sides, respectively. However, in some specimens of hexatrema, the last branchial duct is not confluent with the pharyngocutaneous duct on the left side. This is the case of the type of Bdellostoma heterotrema, which has six gill apertures plus the pharyngocutaneous opening on the left side.

In the second part of his work, Müller (1838) believed that all the species described by him in 1836, including Bdellostoma heptatrema from southern seas, were just simple varieties of Bdellostoma forsteri (Müller, 1836) (junior synonym of Eptatretus cirrhatus). Recently, the combinations Bdellostoma forsteri var. heterotrema and Bdellostoma forsteri var. hexatrema were treated incorrectly as original descriptions in Müller (1838) by Paepke and Schmidt (1988)." 196027,Eptatretus indrambaryai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,indrambaryai,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983","The species name was misspelled once by Wongratana (1983) as E. indambaryai in the species heading and indrambaryi in Table 1. This species is named after Mr. Boon Indrambarya, therefore E. indrambaryai is the correct spelling." 196095,Channa diplogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,diplogramma,,,,,"(Day, 1865)","The species was described by Francis Day (1865) from Cochin, Malabar Coast, India. After a period of 146 years of taxonomic ambiguity and synonymy with Channa micropeltes, this species was validated by Benziger et al. (2011). " 196028,Eptatretus lakeside,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,lakeside,,,,,"Mincarone & McCosker, 2004","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Eptatretus lakeside to Rubicundus lakeside. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 15June2022" 196029,Eptatretus laurahubbsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,laurahubbsae,,,,,"McMillan & Wisner, 1984",The name was corrected to Eptatretus laurahubbsae by Wisner and McMillan (1988). Morphological evidence suggests that specimens of E. laurahubbsae could be juveniles of E. carlhubbsi. Further analyses are necessary to confirm this suspicion. 196030,Eptatretus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,longipinnis,,,,,"Strahan, 1975", 196031,Eptatretus lopheliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,lopheliae,,,,,"Fernholm & Quattrini, 2008", 196032,Eptatretus mcconnaugheyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,mcconnaugheyi,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1990", 196033,Eptatretus mccoskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,mccoskeri,,,,,"McMillan, 1999", 196034,Eptatretus menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,menezesi,,,,,"Mincarone, 2000", 196035,Eptatretus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,minor,,,,,"Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981","The 338 mm female USNM 161513 (paratype of Paramyxine springeri) is in fact an E. minor, as previously reported by Fernholm and Hubbs (1981) and confirmed by recent examination." 196036,Eptatretus multidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,multidens,,,,,"Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981", 196037,Eptatretus nanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,nanii,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1988", 196038,Eptatretus octatrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,octatrema,,,,,"(Barnard, 1923)","According to Fernholm (1986, 1998), E. octatrema was only known from the 300 mm holotype. In the original description, Barnard (1923) apparently described only one specimen, but he stated “…ventral fin ending only a short distance (8-10 mm) behind last gill-opening”. The range “8-10 mm” could be evidence that there were at least two specimens used for the description. In addition, the only other known specimen BMNH 1927.12.6.1 (formerly SAM 13031) is listed as ""co-type"" in the original register. According to the SAM database (M. Bougaardt pers. comm.), the station data for these specimens are: SAM 13030, Cape Saint Blaize, North 1/4 North, 6.5 miles, 36 fm (66 m), 28 June 1899, shrimp trawl, RV Pieter Faure; and BMNH 1927.12.6.1 [ex SAM 13031], Cape Saint Blaize, West 3/4 North, 4 miles, 27 fm (49 m), 25 January 1900, trawl, RV Pieter Faure. Based on this evidence, both specimens are considered here as syntypes of E. octatrema. Also, the type locality provided in Barnard’s (1923) original description (“Agulhas Bank, 25-40 fm”) is an assumed approximation." 196039,Eptatretus okinoseanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,okinoseanus,,,,,"(Dean, 1904)", 19604,Rhipidolestes okinawanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,okinawanus,,,,,"Asahina, 1951", 196040,Eptatretus polytrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,polytrema,,,,,"(Girard, 1855)","Many authors reported the occurrence of polibranchiated hagfishes in Chilean waters under the species name polytrema. However, these citations pertain to unrecognizable species in that neither count had useful proportions or color notes provided. A complete list of names and references of these unassignable records was provided by Wisner and McMillan (1988), which also contains citations under the species name dombey (Gastrobranche dombey La Cepède, 1798) or dombeyi (Gastrobranchus dombeyi Shaw, 1804), an unrecognizable myxinid from Chile." 196041,Eptatretus profundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,profundus,,,,,"(Barnard, 1923)", 196042,Eptatretus rubicundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,rubicundus,,,,,"Kuo, Lee & Mok, 2010", 196043,Eptatretus sinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,sinus,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1990", 196044,Eptatretus stoutii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,stoutii,,,,,"(Lockington, 1878)", 196045,Eptatretus strahani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,strahani,,,,,"McMillan & Wisner, 1984", 196046,Eptatretus strickrotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,strickrotti,,,,,"Møller & Jones, 2007", 196047,Eptatretus wisneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Eptatretus,wisneri,,,,,"McMillan, 1999","Attention RLU: Please change the name from Eptatretus wisneri to Eptatretus bobwisneri. Reference is Catalog of Fishes. - C. Linardich 15June2022" 196049,Myxine affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,affinis,,,,,"Günther, 1870","The holotype of Myxine affinis (BMNH 1951.10.4.3) was examined, but it was not possible to take any measurement or count (except teeth), as the specimen was totally dried. Three paralectotypes of Myxine tridentiger Garman, 1899 (BMNH 1868.6.15.5-6) were recently examined and re-identified as Myxine affinis. They were formerly misidentified as Myxine australis by Günther (1870).

Muraenoblenna olivacea La Cepède (1803) from Strait of Magellan was placed in the synonymy of the younger Myxine affinis as nomen dubium by Wisner and McMillan (1995). It is an undoubted Myxine, but can’t be referred with certainty to any species due to the fact that La Cepède’s description was very short and no type material is available for examination." 196117,Vertigo arctica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,arctica,,,,,"(Wallenberg, 1858)","This species has been frequently considered as a subspecies of Vertigo modesta (Say, 1824). This taxon is a holarctic species, which has been split in several subspecies. For Europe, the subspecies arctica Wallenberg, 1856 was widely used, but separated as a species in its own rights by Pokryszko (1990: 196). This view is followed here.
AnimalBase (visited May 2011) claims that there are more subspecies in Europe, and that the named form from Iceland (hoppei Möller, 1842) is conspecific with arctica thus pre-dating this name. This hypotheses has not been proven until now, a revision of the V. modesta complex is needed." 196050,Myxine australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,australis,,,,,"Jenyns, 1842", 196051,Myxine capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,capensis,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 196052,Myxine circifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,circifrons,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 196053,Myxine debueni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,debueni,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995", 196054,Myxine fernholmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,fernholmi,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995", 196055,Myxine formosana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,formosana,,,,,"Mok & Kuo, 2001", 196056,Myxine garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,garmani,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1901", 196062,Myxine knappi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,knappi,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995", 196063,Myxine kuoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,kuoi,,,,,"Mok, 2002", 196064,Myxine mccoskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,mccoskeri,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995","Shimizu (1983) reported three specimens of an undescribed Myxine off Suriname at 310 m depth. According to Wisner and McMillan (1995), the short description given by Shimizu (1983) is very similar to that of M. mccoskeri, except by the color pattern. However, the colour described by Shimizu was based on fresh specimens, and therefore, is different from those preserved specimens described by Wisner and McMillan (1995)." 196065,Myxine mcmillanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,mcmillanae,,,,,"Hensley, 1991", 196066,Myxine paucidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,paucidens,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 196067,Myxine pequenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,pequenoi,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995", 196068,Myxine robinsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,robinsorum,,,,,"Wisner & McMillan, 1995",The species name robinsi was corrected to robinsorum by Fernholm (1998). 196069,Myxine sotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MYXINI,MYXINIFORMES,MYXINIDAE,Myxine,sotoi,,,,,"Mincarone, 2001", 19644,Rhithrodytes agnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhithrodytes,agnus,,,,,"Foster, 1993", 19669,Rhodacmea elatior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Rhodacmea,elatior,,,,,"(Anthony, 1855)","This species was recently reviewed by O'Foigal et al, 2011, who found that there were two cryptic lineages, and separated R. cawahabensis for the other river system lineage." 19689,Rhophodon kempseyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Rhophodon,kempseyensis,,,,,"Stanisic, 1990", 19690,Rhophodon problematica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Rhophodon,problematica,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1947)", 19692,Rhoptromyrmex mayri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Rhoptromyrmex,mayri,,,,,"(Emery, 1883)", 19693,Rhoptromyrmex schmitzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Rhoptromyrmex,schmitzi,,,,,"(Forel, 1910)", 19695,Rhyacophila amabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,TRICHOPTERA,RHYACOPHILIDAE,Rhyacophila,amabilis,,,,,"Denning, 1965", 197089,Dreissena presbensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Dreissena,presbensis,,,,,"Kobelt, 1915","Albrecht et al. (2007) noted that Dreissena stankovici is not the valid name for this taxon, as a form of D. blanci was described earlier for Lake Prespa: D. blanci f. presbensis Kobelt, 1915. The figures of this ‘form’ in the original description (Kobelt 1915: plate 566, figure 2877, 2878) show the same high winged and keeled shell that is typical for D. stankovici. As Kobelt (1915) studied a large series of specimens of this form, they assume them to represent D. stankovici and not nominal D. blanci blanci, a single juvenile specimen of which they found in Lake Prespa as well. Fauna Europaea (Bank et al. 2006) currently listed the species as Dreissena stankovici." 19704,Rhynchochydorus australiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,CHYDORIDAE,Rhynchochydorus,australiensis,,,,,"Smirnov & Timms, 1983", 197165,Nihonogomphus schorri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,schorri,,,,,"Do & Karube, 2011","The species was described in 2011 base on male specimens collected in 2008 and 2009. The female of the species was observed and photographed, but not collected.

Do et al. (2012) described the female of the species, also from Huu Lien Nature Reserve, Lang Son Province." 19726,Rhysoconcha atanuiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Rhysoconcha,atanuiensis,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 19727,Rhysoconcha variumbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Rhysoconcha,variumbilicata,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 19728,Rhytida clarki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Rhytida,clarki,,,,,"(Powell, 1936)", 19729,Rhytida oconnori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Rhytida,oconnori,,,,,Hadfieldi, 19737,Roblinella agnewi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Roblinella,agnewi,,,,,"(Petterd, 1879)", 19738,Roimontis tolotomensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Roimontis,tolotomensis,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 19740,Romanichthys valsanicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Romanichthys,valsanicola,,,,,"Dumitrescu, Bănărescu & Stoica, 1957", 19741,Romankenkius pedderensis,ANIMALIA,PLATYHELMINTHES,TURBELLARIA,TRICLADIDA,DUGESIIDAE,Romankenkius,pedderensis,,,,,"Ball, 1974", 19743,Rosalia alpina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Rosalia,alpina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",There are two subspecies; R. alpina alpina which is relatively widespread from Spain to Turkey and R. alpina syriaca which is a relict subspecies of the southeastern Turkish population. 197457,Corbicula australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,australis,,,,,"Deshayes, 1830","This species has been confused with Corbicula desolata Tate, 1887 and Corbicula semara Deshayes, 1830 (D. Van Damme pers. comm. 2011)" 19760,Ruatara koarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Ruatara,koarana,,,,,"Solem, 1976", 19761,Ruatara oparica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Ruatara,oparica,,,,,"Anton, 1839", 19762,Rubrisciurus rubriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Rubrisciurus,rubriventer,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1844)", 19777,Russatus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Russatus,nigrescens,,,,,"(Möllendorff, 1900)", 19782,Rutilus frisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,frisii,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1840)",The populations from the Black Sea and the Caspian sea basins had been treated as two species but the evidence to separate these is very small and they are all treated as conspecific here. 19785,Rutilus pigus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,pigus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 19786,Rutilus rubilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,rubilio,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1837)", 19787,Rutilus rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,rutilus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",The taxonomy of roach species in the Caspian basin is in an urgent need of review and we cannot rule out that this species might be absent from Caspian basin except the upper and middle Volga River drainage. 19788,Rutilus ylikiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,ylikiensis,,,,,"Economidis, 1991", 19792,Ryssota pachystoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Ryssota,pachystoma,,,,,"(Hombron and Jacquinot, no date)", 19794,Sabanejewia larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,larvata,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1859)", 19810,Bythinella pannonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,pannonica,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1865)","This species was previously known as Sadleriana pannonica.
" 19811,Saga pedo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Saga,pedo,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)", 198395,Belgrandia dunalina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandia,dunalina,,,,,"(Moquin-Tandon, 1856)","The name of this species has been changed from Belgrandiella to Belgrandia by Boeters (2009).  The old name was Belgrandia dunalina, and it was assessed as Near Threatened. However, it was forming a different species concept (with a much wider distribution) - but there are still doubts on the taxonomy for this species." 19855,Salmo salar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,salar,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 19856,Salmo carpio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,carpio,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 19857,Salmo dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,dentex,,,,,"(Heckel, 1852)","Was given the wrong authority in the 2000 Red List: recorded as (Hasselquist, 1762) (referring to the African species Alestes dentex) instead of (Heckel, 1852). Eschmeyer records this as Salmo dentex (Heckel, 1851); Kottelat (1997) refers to Salmo dentex Heckel 1852 (but notes that Heckel described this species as Salar dentex in 1852); Kottelat (pers. comm., 2001) notes that this should be (Heckel, 1852)." 19858,Salmo letnica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,letnica,,,,,"(Karaman, 1924)", 19859,Salmo marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,marmoratus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 19861,Salmo trutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,trutta,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",. 19862,Salmo obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,obtusirostris,,,,,"(Heckel, 1851)", 19873,Salvelinus agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,agassizii,,,,,"(Garman, 1885)", 19875,Salvelinus confluentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,confluentus,,,,,"(Suckley, 1859)", 19876,Salvelinus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,japonicus,,,,,"Oshima, 1961", 19877,Salvelinus alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvelinus,alpinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Anadromous, semi-anadromous, lacustrine, fluviatile-lacustrine and dwarf stocks are known, sometimes in sympatry. For most of them, detailed data are not available. Once available they are likely to show that several species are involved, whose identity is presently masked by unclear species definitions. If Alpine and northern European populations are considered conspecific as still asserted by numerous authors, then the name S. alpinus is not available for the present species but must be replaced by S. umbla, as required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

Salvelinus alpinus was earlier included in the IUCN Red List (assessed as LR/lc in 1996), but has since been split into 20 separate species: S. alpinus, S. colii, S. evasus, S. fimbriatus, S. gracillimus, S. grayi, S. inframundus, S. killinensis, S. lepechini, S. lonsdalii, S. mallochi, S. maxillaris, S. murta, S. obtusus, S. perisii, S. struanensis, S. thingvallensis, S. umbla, S. willoughbii, and S. youngeri." 19878,Salvethymus svetovidovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salvethymus,svetovidovi,,,,,"Chereshnev & Skopets, 1990", 19881,Samoana fragilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,fragilis,,,,,"(Ferussac, 1821)", 19883,Samoana annectens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,annectens,,,,,"Pease, 1864", 19884,Samoana attenuata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,attenuata,,,,,"Pease, 1864","Recorded as Partula solitaria on Moorea by Crampton (1932) but reclassified by Kondo (1968). High altitude populations of S. attenuata turned out to be S. burchi (Ó. Foighi pers. comm.)." 19885,Samoana conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,conica,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)", 19886,Samoana thurstoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Samoana,thurstoni,,,,,"(Cooke & Crampton, 1930)","This may be closely related to S. abbreviata and S. conica, its shells being a greenish-yellow colour. It is dextral. (See Cowie report)." 19900,Sanzinia madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Sanzinia,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)",This species is represented by two subspecies that are morphologically similar but genetically distinct and possibly represent two different species (Glaw and Vences 2007). 19908,Sarotherodon caroli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,caroli,,,,,"(Holly, 1930)", 19909,Sarotherodon linnellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,linnellii,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1903)", 1991,Arapaima gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Arapaima,gigas,,,,,"(Schinz, 1822)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

19910,Sarotherodon lohbergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,lohbergeri,,,,,"(Holly, 1930)", 19911,Sarotherodon steinbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,steinbachi,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1962)", 19938,Scaevatula amancicoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,TURRIDAE,Scaevatula,amancicoi,,,,,"Rolán and Fernandes, 1993","Scaevatula amancioi, Rolán and Fernandes, 1993 on WoRMS and WMSDB. Slight misspelling on SIS?" 19939,Scaevatula pellisserpentis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,TURRIDAE,Scaevatula,pellisserpentis,,,,,"Gofas, 1990", 19946,Scardinius erythrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,erythrophthalmus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 19947,Scardinius graecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,graecus,,,,,"Stephanidis, 1937", 19948,Scardinius racovitzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,racovitzai,,,,,"Müller, 1958", 19971,Schayera baiulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Schayera,baiulus,,,,,"Erichson, 1842", 199722,Hemidactylus dracaenacolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,dracaenacolus,,,,,"Rösler & Wranik, 1999", 199723,Hemidactylus forbesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,forbesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 199724,Hemidactylus granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,granti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899","Hemidactylus granti recorded by Schätti & Desvoignes (1999) are actually H. inintellectus. According to the molecular study by Carranza & Arnold (2006) H. granti is the sister species of H. dracaenacolus." 199725,Hemidactylus inintellectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,inintellectus,,,,,"Sindaco, Ziliani, Razzetti, Pupin & Grieco, 2009","Before description (Sindaco et al., 2009) this taxon was observed and/or collected by several authors (Schätti and Desvoignes 1999, Rösler and Wranik 2003, 2004, 2006) but always confused with other taxa or just suspected to be a new species without any formal description." 199726,Hemidactylus oxyrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,oxyrhinus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 199727,Hemidactylus pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,pumilio,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 199728,Pristurus abdelkuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,abdelkuri,,,,,"Arnold, 1986","The Socotra Island populations have been referred to Pristurus cf. abdekuri by some authors. Preliminary genetic data (S. Carranza pers. comm. July 2011) seems to support the introduction hypothesis of these populations on the main island of the archipelago." 199729,Pristurus guichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,guichardi,,,,,"Arnold, 1986","Pristurus guichardi and P. obsti are morphologically very similar. Therefore they are not easily distinguishable in the field and most bibliographical records cannot be attributed with any certainty to one species or the other." 199733,Pristurus insignoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,insignoides,,,,,"Arnold, 1986", 199735,Pristurus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,insignis,,,,,"Blanford, 1881", 199736,Pristurus obsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,obsti,,,,,"Rösler & Wranik, 1999","Pristurus obsti and P. guichardi are morphologically very similar. Therefore they are not easily distinguishable in the field and most of the bibliographical records cannot be attributed with any certainty to one species or the other. Specific identity was confirmed through genetic studies (S. Carranza pers. comm. July 2011)." 199737,Pristurus samhaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,samhaensis,,,,,"Rösler & Wranik, 1999","The specific rank of this taxon requires confirmation through genetic analysis, as it may represent a subspecies of Pristurus sokotranus." 199738,Pristurus sokotranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,sokotranus,,,,,"Parker, 1938",Genetic research may reveal that Pristurus samhaenensis is conspecific with this species. 199739,Mesalina balfouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,balfouri,,,,,"(Blanford, 1881)", 199740,Mesalina kuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,kuri,,,,,"Joger & Mayer, 2002","This species, formerly included under Mesalina balfouri, has been recognized as a separate species by Joger and Mayer (2002) based on morphology and genetics." 199743,Pachycalamus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROGONOPHIDAE,Pachycalamus,brevis,,,,,"Günther, 1881", 199744,Leptotyphlops filiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,filiformis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) “provisionally assigned [the worm snakes of Socotra] to [the new genus] Myriopholis, although their isolation on this Gondwana fragment may indicate deeper divergence”. Because these authors never analyzed any Leptotyphlops from Socotra, pending genetic evidence on Socotran specimens, Razzetti et al. (2011) tentatively maintain the Socotran worm snakes in the genus Leptotyphlops  in order to avoid taxonomic instability." 199745,Leptotyphlops macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,macrurus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) “provisionally assigned [the worm snakes of Socotra] to [the new genus] Myriopholis, although their isolation on this Gondwana fragment may indicate deeper divergence”. Because these authors never analyzed any Leptotyphlops from Socotra, pending genetic evidence on Socotran specimens, Razzetti et al. (2011) tentatively maintain the Socotran worm snakes in the genus Leptotyphlops  in order to avoid taxonomic instability." 199746,Leptotyphlops wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,wilsoni,,,,,"Hahn, 1978","Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) “provisionally assigned [the worm snakes of Socotra] to [the new genus] Myriopholis, although their isolation on this Gondwana fragment may indicate deeper divergence”. Because these authors never analyzed any Leptotyphlops from Socotra, pending genetic evidence on Socotran specimens, Razzetti et al. (2011) tentatively maintain the Socotran worm snakes in the genus Leptotyphlops  in order to avoid taxonomic instability.

Rösler and Wranik (2006) assigned some specimens of L. wilsoni they studied later to a new undescribed species “Leptotyphlops sp.”. Since Rösler and Wranik (2006) report great variation in their compared specimens and never formally described their unnamed taxon, Razzetti et al. 2011 adopted a conservative approach considering all these specimens conspecific with L. wilsoni, pending further evidence." 199747,Xerotyphlops socotranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Xerotyphlops,socotranus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 199748,Ditypophis vivax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Ditypophis,vivax,,,,,"Günther, 1881","The molecular investigations by Nagy et al. (2003) allocated Ditypophis in the subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae (mostly represented in Madagascar), later included by Zaher et al. (2009) in the family Lamprophiidae. This snake is probably a survivor of an ancient Gondwanan faunas now extinct on the continent." 19975,Schistura jarutanini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,jarutanini,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 199750,Hemerophis socotrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hemerophis,socotrae,,,,,"(Günther, 1881)","This species, originally described as Zamenis socotrae, has been assigned by Schätti and Utiger (2001) to the new monotypic genus Hemerophis on the basis of morphology and mitochondrial gene sequences." 199758,Furcifer polleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,polleni,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 19976,Schistura oedipus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,oedipus,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1988)", 199838,Pennatomys nivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Pennatomys,nivalis,,,,,"Turvey, Weksler, Morris & Nokkert, 2010", 19993,Schizothorax lepidothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,lepidothorax,,,,,"Yang, 1991", 200147,Anthene opalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,opalina,,,,,"Stempffer, 1946",Anthene janna is now considered a subspecies of A. opalina and treated as such. This taxonomic arrangement was put forward by Larsen (1991) and is supported by Libert in his recent revision. 20042,Scolopendra abnormis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,SCOLOPENDROMORPHA,SCOLOPENDRIDAE,Scolopendra,abnormis,,,,,"J.G.E. Lewis & P. Daszak, 1996", 20047,Scomberomorus concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Scomberomorus,concolor,,,,,"(Lockington, 1879)", 194812,Lepadogaster lepadogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadogaster,lepadogaster,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","Lepadogaster lepadogaster was separated in two subspecies (Brigg 1986): L. l. lepadogaster in the Mediterranean region only, and L. l. purpurea in the western Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic.

In 2002, Henriques et al. investigated the relationships between L. l. lepadogaster, L. l. purpurea and L. zebrina. They noted significant differences in microhabitat preferences and their breeding seasons between the two subspecies. They concluded that L. l. purpurea is a valid species, L. purpurea (Bonnaterre, 1788), different from L. l. lepadogaster, which is now designated L. lepadogaster (Bonnaterre, 1788). Lepadogaster zebrina was found to be a synonym of L. lepadogaster." 20065,Scotophilus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,celebensis,,,,,"Sody, 1928","This may be a subspecies of heathii (Tate 1942, Sinha 1980)." 20074,Scotorythra megalophylla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Scotorythra,megalophylla,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 20075,Scotorythra nesiotes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Scotorythra,nesiotes,,,,,"(Perkins, 1901)", 20076,Scotorythra paratactis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Scotorythra,paratactis,,,,,"Meyrick, 1904", 20084,Sebastes fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,fasciatus,,,,,"Storer, 1854", 20085,Sebastes paucispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,paucispinis,,,,,"Ayres, 1854", 20108,Semotrachia euzyga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Semotrachia,euzyga,,,,,"(Tate, 1894)", 20109,Dirutrachia sublevata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Dirutrachia,sublevata,,,,,"(Tate, 1894)",This species has been placed in the genus Dirutrachia by Solem (1993). 20110,Semotrachia winneckeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Semotrachia,winneckeana,,,,,"(Tate, 1894)", 20111,Semperdon heptaptychius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Semperdon,heptaptychius,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 20113,Semperdon rotanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Semperdon,rotanus,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 2016,Arawacus aethesa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Arawacus,aethesa,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1851)", 20161,Serrastruma inquilina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Serrastruma,inquilina,,,,,"Bolton, 1983", 20162,Setobaudinia collingii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Setobaudinia,collingii,,,,,"(Smith, 1893)", 20163,Trachiopsis victoriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Trachiopsis,victoriana,,,,,"(Solem, 1985)",This species has recently been transferred from Setobaudinia to Trachiopsis (Criscione & Köhler 2013) 20164,Setomedea nudicostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Setomedea,nudicostata,,,,,"Stanisic, 1990", 20207,Siettitia balsetensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Siettitia,balsetensis,,,,,"Abeille de Perrin, 1904", 20249,Stimulator consetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Stimulator,consetti,,,,,"Iredale, 1944", 20250,Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,anophthalmus,,,,,"Chen, Chu, Luo & Wu, 1988", 20251,Sinocyclocheilus anatirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,anatirostris,,,,,"Lin & Luo, 1986", 20252,Sinocyclocheilus angularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,angularis,,,,,"Zheng & Wang, 1990", 20253,Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,hyalinus,,,,,"Chen & Yang, 1993", 20254,Sinocyclocheilus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,microphthalmus,,,,,"Li, 1989", 20255,Sinogastromyzon puliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Sinogastromyzon,puliensis,,,,,"Liang, 1974", 20256,Sinployea kusaieana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,kusaieana,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 20257,Sinployea canalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,canalis,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20258,Sinployea decorticata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,decorticata,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20259,Sinployea harveyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,harveyensis,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20260,Sinployea otareae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,otareae,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20261,Sinployea planospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,planospira,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20262,Sinployea proxima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,proxima,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20263,Sinployea rudis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,rudis,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20264,Sinployea tenuicostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,tenuicostata,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20265,Sinployea youngi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,youngi,,,,,"Garrett, 1872", 20266,Sinployea pitcairnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,pitcairnensis,,,,,"Preece, 1995", 20267,Sinumelon bednalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Sinumelon,bednalli,,,,,"(Ponsonby, 1904)", 20268,Siphonaria compressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SIPHONARIIDA,SIPHONARIIDAE,Siphonaria,compressa,,,,,"Allanson, 1958", 20272,Sitala mazumbaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Sitala,mazumbaiensis,,,,,Verdcourt, 20286,Skistodiaptomus bogalusensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Skistodiaptomus,bogalusensis,,,,,"M.S. Wilson & W.G. Moore, 1953", 20287,Skistodiaptomus sinuatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Skistodiaptomus,sinuatus,,,,,"Kincaid, 1953", 20288,Skistodiaptomus carolinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Skistodiaptomus,carolinensis,,,,,"(Yeatman, 1986)", 20312,Solatopupa guidoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Solatopupa,guidoni,,,,,"(Caziot, 1903)", 20313,Solatopupa psarolena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Solatopupa,psarolena,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1859)", 20324,Solenopsis daguerrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Solenopsis,daguerrei,,,,,"Santschi, 1930","S. acuminata was in the 1996, 2000 and 2002 IUCN Red Lists. Now confirmed that it is a synonym of S. daguerrei." 20325,Solenopsis solenopsidis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Solenopsis,solenopsidis,,,,,"(Kusnezov, 1953)", 20333,Solomys ponceleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Solomys,ponceleti,,,,,"(Troughton, 1935)", 20347,Somatogyrus parvulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,parvulus,,,,,"Tryon, 1865", 20348,Somatogyrus tenax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,tenax,,,,,"F.G. Thompson, 1969","Dillon et al. (2006) synonymize Somatogyrus alcoviensis and Somatogyrus tenax, as well as possibly Somatogyrus georgianus, Somatogyrus pennsylvanicus, and Somatogyrus rheophilus, with Somatogyrus virginicus, with little explanation except observed morphological similarity. Examination of Somatogyrus (S. alcoviensis, S. rheophilus, S. tenax) from known sites in Georgia in 1995 indicated the supposed diagnostic characters given in the literature for separating these species appear to be subject to variation and a revision is needed to better define species limits within the genus (Watson 2000)." 20349,Somatogyrus crassus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,crassus,,,,,"Walker, 1904", 20350,Somatogyrus amnicoloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,amnicoloides,,,,,"Walker, 1915", 20351,Somatogyrus aureus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,aureus,,,,,"Tryon, 1865","Recents collections of Somatogyrus cannot be positively identified due to the morpholgical similarities between the currently described species. If each of the currently described Somatogyrus species is found to be valid then they would all likely be assessed as threatened (see Burch 1989). If S. aureus was classified as a valid species, it could be assessed as Critically Endangered (possibly extinct) under B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii), as habitat quality is still declining, which could be used as a proxy for population declines." 20352,Somatogyrus biangulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,biangulatus,,,,,"Walker, 1906","Recent collections of Somatogyrus cannot be positively identified, due to the morphological similarities between the currently described species. If each of the currently described Somatogyrus species is found to be valid then they would all likely be assessed as threatened (see Burch 1989). Examination of holotypes reveals this species may be more closely related to Marstonia than Somatogyrus based on shell characters (Clark 2007)." 20353,Somatogyrus constrictus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,constrictus,,,,,"Walker, 1904","Recent collections of Somatogyrus cannot be positively identified, due to the morphological similarities between the currently described species. If each of the currently described Somatogyrus species is found to be valid then they would all likely be assessed as threatened (see Burch 1989). Examination of holotypes reveals this species may represent an aberration of another species (Clark 2007)." 20354,Somatogyrus coosaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,coosaensis,,,,,"Walker, 1904", 20355,Somatogyrus crassilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,crassilabris,,,,,"Walker, 1915", 20356,Somatogyrus currierianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,currierianus,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1863)", 20357,Somatogyrus decipiens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,decipiens,,,,,"Walker, 1909","Recent collections of Somatogyrus cannot be positively identified as species due to the morphological similarities between the currently described species. If each of the currently described Somatogyrus species is found to be valid then they would all likely be assessed as threatened (see Burch 1989). Further taxonomic clarification is recommended." 20358,Somatogyrus excavatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,excavatus,,,,,"Walker, 1906","Recent collections of Somatogyrus cannot be positively identified as species due to the morphological similarities between the currently described species. If each of the currently described Somatogyrus species is found to be valid then they would all likely be assessed as threatened (see Burch 1989). Further taxonomic clarification is recommended." 20359,Somatogyrus hendersoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,hendersoni,,,,,"Walker, 1909", 20360,Somatogyrus hinkleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,hinkleyi,,,,,"Walker, 1904", 20361,Somatogyrus humerosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,humerosus,,,,,"Walker, 1906", 20362,Somatogyrus nanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,nanus,,,,,"Walker, 1904", 20363,Somatogyrus obtusus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,obtusus,,,,,"Walker, 1904","Recent collections of Somatogyrus cannot be positively identified as species due to the morphological similarities between the currently described species. If each of the currently described Somatogyrus species is found to be valid then they would all likely be assessed as threatened (see Burch 1989). Further taxonomic clarification is recommended." 20364,Somatogyrus pilsbryanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,pilsbryanus,,,,,"Walker, 1904", 20365,Somatogyrus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Walker, 1909", 20366,Somatogyrus quadratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,quadratus,,,,,"Walker, 1906", 20367,Somatogyrus sargenti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,sargenti,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1895", 20368,Somatogyrus strengi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,strengi,,,,,"Pilsbry & Walker, 1906", 20369,Somatogyrus tennesseensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,tennesseensis,,,,,"Walker, 1906", 20370,Somatogyrus wheeleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,wheeleri,,,,,"Walker, 1915", 20371,Somersiella sterreri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,HIPPOLYTIDAE,Somersiella,sterreri,,,,,"Hart & Manning, 1981", 20373,Sonorella eremita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Sonorella,eremita,,,,,"Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1915", 20374,Sonorella metcalfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Sonorella,metcalfi,,,,,"W.B. Miller, 1976", 20375,Sonorella allynsmithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Sonorella,allynsmithi,,,,,"Gregg & Miller, 1969", 20376,Sonorella christenseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Sonorella,christenseni,,,,,"Fairbanks & Beeder, 1980", 20377,Sonorella grahamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Sonorella,grahamensis,,,,,"Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1919", 20378,Sonorella macrophallus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Sonorella,macrophallus,,,,,"Fairbanks & Reeder, 1980", 20379,Sonorella todseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Sonorella,todseni,,,,,"W.B. Miller, 1976", 2039,Archachatina bicarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINIDAE,Archachatina,bicarinata,,,,,"(Bruguiere, 1792)","

The Obô Giant Snail Archachatina bicarinata was first described in 1792 by Bruguière as Bulimus bicarinatus, the name being based on the two-keeled body-whorl (last and largest whorl) of its shell. It is now placed in the genus Archachatina, which was named by Albers in 1850, for which his type species was Achatina sinistrorsa L. Pfeiffer, 1848. However, this species name is invalid because it is a junior synonym of that introduced by Bruguière. The epithet sinistrorsa was based on the sinistral shell (left-handed coiling), an uncommon feature in the genus Archachatina. It belongs to the family Achatinidae Swainson, 1840 (the ""agate snails""). The species belongs to the family Achatinidae Swainson, 1840 (the ""agate snails"") and can easily be identified by the combination of sinistral coiling and very large shell size, along with the broad blunt apex to the shell, characteristic of the genus Archachatina. Adults can be recognised by the thick dark to blackish-purple shell coloration, marked with obscure brown waves with a bluish white interior of the aperture; it also has six to seven shell whorls and an arched columella (Reeve, 1849).

" 2040,Archachatina knorri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINIDAE,Archachatina,knorri,,,,,"Jonas, 1839", 20421,Sosippus placidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Sosippus,placidus,,,,,"Brady, 1972", 20428,Spalax arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,arenarius,,,,,"Reshetnik, 1939", 20434,Spaniacris deserticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Spaniacris,deserticola,,,,,"Hebard, 1937", 20442,Spekia zonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Spekia,zonata,,,,,"(Woodward, 1859)", 20443,Spelaeodiaptomus rouchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Spelaeodiaptomus,rouchi,,,,,"Dussart, 1970", 20445,Spelaeoecia bermudensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,HALOCYPRIDA,HALOCYPRIDIDAE,Spelaeoecia,bermudensis,,,,,"Angel & Iliffe, 1987", 20451,Spelaeorchestia kiloana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,TALITRIDAE,Spelaeorchestia,kiloana,,,,,"Bousfield & Howarth, 1976", 20453,Speleoithona bermudensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,SPELEOITHONIDAE,Speleoithona,bermudensis,,,,,"Rocha & Iliffe, 1993", 20460,Speleoperipatus spelaeus,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATIDAE,Speleoperipatus,spelaeus,,,,,"Peck, 1975", 20461,Speleophria bivexilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,MISOPHRIOIDA,MISOPHRIIDAE,Speleophria,bivexilla,,,,,"Boxshall & Iliffe, 1986", 20462,Speleophria scottodicarloi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,MISOPHRIOIDA,MISOPHRIIDAE,Speleophria,scottodicarloi,,,,,"Boxshall & Iliffe, 1990", 20463,Spelungula cavernicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GRADUNGULIDAE,Spelungula,cavernicola,,,,,"Forster, 1987", 20466,Speocirolana thermydromis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Speocirolana,thermydromis,,,,,"Cole & Minckley, 1966", 20468,Speothos venaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Speothos,venaticus,,,,,"(Lund, 1842)", 20596,Sphaerolana affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Sphaerolana,affinis,,,,,"Cole & Minckley, 1970", 20597,Sphaerolana interstitialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Sphaerolana,interstitialis,,,,,"Cole & Minckley, 1970", 20598,Sphaerolana karenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Sphaerolana,karenae,,,,,"Rodriguez-Almaraz & Bowman,1995", 20600,Sphaerophysa dianchiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Sphaerophysa,dianchiensis,,,,,"Cao & Zhu, 1988",
20601,Bentosites macleayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Bentosites,macleayi,,,,,"(Cox, 1865)", 20602,Sphaerospira rockhamptonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Sphaerospira,rockhamptonensis,,,,,"(Cox, 1873)", 20603,Temporena whartoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Temporena,whartoni,,,,,"(Cox, 1871)", 20648,Spirorbula obtecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Spirorbula,obtecta,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 20649,Spirorbula squalida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Spirorbula,squalida,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 20650,Spirorbula latens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Spirorbula,latens,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 2068,Arctodiaptomus burduricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Arctodiaptomus,burduricus,,,,,"Kiefer, 1939", 2069,Arctodiaptomus euacanthus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Arctodiaptomus,euacanthus,,,,,"Kiefer, 1935", 2070,Arctodiaptomus kamtschaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Arctodiaptomus,kamtschaticus,,,,,"Borutsky, 1950", 2071,Arctodiaptomus michaeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Arctodiaptomus,michaeli,,,,,"Reddy, Balkhi & Yousuf, 1990", 20713,Stanleya neritinoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Stanleya,neritinoides,,,,,"Smith, 1880","Note that West and Michel (2000) found very close relationship between Stanleya and Tanganyicia with genetic data, such that West (pers. comm.) proposed combining the two genera. This is under debate, with counter evidence from E. Strong and co-authors." 20737,Stenelmis gammoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELMIDAE,Stenelmis,gammoni,,,,,"White & Brown, 1976", 20745,Stenodus leucichthys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Stenodus,leucichthys,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1772)","

Caspian Stenodus leucichthys and Arctic S. nelma have been separated as two different species, based on differences in body shape and ecology. While they had potentially been two species, this might be impossible to verify today, as large numbers of Stenodus nelma had been introduced already in 1965 to the Volga and the two species might have hybridised. Molecular data show that both species/populations are very closely related today and strongly suggest to be treated as one species only.

" 20760,Rattus vandeuseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,vandeuseni,,,,,"Taylor & Calaby, 1982", 20762,Stenopelmatus cahuilaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Stenopelmatus,cahuilaensis,,,,,"Tinkham, 1967", 20763,Stenopelmatus navajo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Stenopelmatus,navajo,,,,,"Rentz, 1978", 20764,Stenopelmatus nigrocapitatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Stenopelmatus,nigrocapitatus,,,,,"Tinkham & Rentz, 1969", 20767,Stenotrema hubrichti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Stenotrema,hubrichti,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1940", 20769,Stenotrema pilsbryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Stenotrema,pilsbryi,,,,,"(Ferriss, 1900)", 20795,Stereolepis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYPRIONIDAE,Stereolepis,gigas,,,,,"Ayres, 1859","Giant sea bass was originally assigned to the grouper family, Serranidae, but was later placed in a new family called the Percichthyidae (Domeier 2001)." 20796,Sterkia clementina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Sterkia,clementina,,,,,"(Sterki, 1890)", 20860,Sander lucioperca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Sander,lucioperca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 20862,Sander volgensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Sander,volgensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 20864,Stomatepia mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stomatepia,mariae,,,,,"(Holly, 1930)", 20865,Stomatepia mongo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stomatepia,mongo,,,,,"Trewavas, 1972", 20866,Stomatepia pindu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stomatepia,pindu,,,,,"Trewavas, 1972", 20867,Stonemyia velutina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,TABANIDAE,Stonemyia,velutina,,,,,"(Bigot, 1892)", 20868,Stormsia minima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Stormsia,minima,,,,,"(Smith, 1908)", 20869,Streptocephalus guzmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,guzmani,,,,,"Maeda-Martínez, Belk, Obregón-Barboza & Dumont, 1995", 20870,Streptocephalus moorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,moorei,,,,,"Belk, 1973", 20871,Streptocephalus kargesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,kargesi,,,,,"Spicer, 1985", 20872,Streptocephalus woottoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,woottoni,,,,,"Eng, Belk & Eriksen, 1990", 20873,Streptocephalus dendyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,dendyi,,,,,"Barnard, 1929", 20874,Streptocephalus zuluensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,zuluensis,,,,,"Brendonck & Hamer, 1992", 20875,Streptocephalus dendrophorus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,dendrophorus,,,,,"Hamer & Appleton, 1993", 20876,Streptocephalus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,STREPTOCEPHALIDAE,Streptocephalus,gracilis,,,,,"Sars, 1898", 20888,Streptostyla turgidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OLEACINIDAE,Streptostyla,turgidula,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1856", 20889,Streptostyla wani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OLEACINIDAE,Streptostyla,wani,,,,,"Jaconson, 1968", 20983,Stygobromus elatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,elatus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20912,Strobilops sp. nov. 1,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Strobilops,sp. nov. 1,,,,,, 20984,Stygobromus emarginatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,emarginatus,,,,,"(Hubricht, 1943)", 20914,Strongylognathus afer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,afer,,,,,"Emery, 1884", 20986,Stygobromus flagellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,flagellatus,,,,,"(Benedict, 1896)", 20915,Strongylognathus alboini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,alboini,,,,,"(Finzi, 1924)", 20985,Stygobromus ephemerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,ephemerus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1969)", 20916,Strongylognathus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,alpinus,,,,,"(Wheeler, 1909)", 20987,Stygobromus gradyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,gradyi,,,,,"Holsinger, 1974", 20917,Strongylognathus arnoldii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,arnoldii,,,,,"Radchenko, 1985", 20988,Stygobromus hadenoecus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,hadenoecus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1966)", 20919,Strongylognathus cecconii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,cecconii,,,,,"(Emery, 1916)", 2092,Heraultiella exilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heraultiella,exilis,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1867)","Originally described as a ""Valvata"", named Arganiella exilis in the French list of protected species, the name has been changed to Heraultia by Bodon et al. (2001) and then to Heraultiella by Bodon et al. (2002)." 20920,Strongylognathus chelifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,chelifer,,,,,"Radchenko, 1985", 20921,Strongylognathus christophi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,christophi,,,,,"Emery, 1889", 20922,Strongylognathus dalmaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,dalmaticus,,,,,"Baroni Urbani, 1969", 20923,Strongylognathus destefanii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,destefanii,,,,,"Emery, 1915", 20924,Strongylognathus emeryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,emeryi,,,,,"Menozzi, 1921", 20925,Strongylognathus foreli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,foreli,,,,,"(Emery, 1922)", 20926,Strongylognathus huberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,huberi,,,,,"Forel, 1874", 20927,Strongylognathus insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,insularis,,,,,"Baroni Urbani, 1968", 20928,Strongylognathus italicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,italicus,,,,,"(Finzi, 1924)", 20929,Strongylognathus karawajevi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,karawajevi,,,,,"Pisarski, 1966", 20930,Strongylognathus kervillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,kervillei,,,,,"Santschi, 1921", 20931,Strongylognathus koreanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,koreanus,,,,,"Pisarski, 1966", 20932,Strongylognathus kratochvilli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,kratochvilli,,,,,"Silhavy, 1937", 20933,Strongylognathus minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,minutus,,,,,"Radchenko, 1991", 20934,Strongylognathus palaestinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,palaestinensis,,,,,"Menozzi, 1933", 20935,Strongylognathus pisarskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,pisarskii,,,,,"Poldi, 1994", 20936,Strongylognathus rehbinderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,rehbinderi,,,,,"(Forel, 1904)", 20937,Strongylognathus ruzskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,ruzskyi,,,,,"(Emery, 1909)", 20938,Strongylognathus silvestrii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,silvestrii,,,,,"Menozzi, 1936", 20940,Strophitus subvexus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Strophitus,subvexus,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 20941,Strumigenys xenos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strumigenys,xenos,,,,,"Brown, 1955", 20944,Strymon avalona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Strymon,avalona,,,,,"(Wright, 1905)", 20946,Sturanyella carolinarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Sturanyella,carolinarum,,,,,"(von Möllendorff, 1900)", 20947,Sturanyella epicharis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Sturanyella,epicharis,,,,,"Wagner, 1907", 20973,Stygobromus araeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,araeus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1969)", 20974,Stygobromus arizonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,arizonensis,,,,,"Holsinger, 1974", 20976,Stygobromus barri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,barri,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20977,Stygobromus bifurcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,bifurcatus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20978,Stygobromus bowmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,bowmani,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20979,Stygobromus clantoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,clantoni,,,,,"(Creaser, 1934)", 20980,Stygobromus conradi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,conradi,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20981,Stygobromus cooperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,cooperi,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20982,Stygobromus dejectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,dejectus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20989,Stygobromus harai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,harai,,,,,"Holsinger, 1974", 20990,Stygobromus hayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,hayi,,,,,"(Hubricht & Mackin, 1940)", 20991,Stygobromus heteropodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,heteropodus,,,,,"Hubricht, 1943", 20992,Stygobromus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,hubbsi,,,,,"Shoemaker, 1942", 20993,Stygobromus identatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,identatus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20994,Stygobromus longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,longipes,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1966)", 20995,Stygobromus lucifugus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,lucifugus,,,,,"(Hay, 1882)", 20996,Stygobromus mackenziei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,mackenziei,,,,,"Holsinger, 1974", 20997,Stygobromus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,montanus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 20998,Stygobromus morrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,morrisoni,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 21000,Stygobromus nortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,nortoni,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1969)", 21001,Stygobromus onondagaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,onondagaensis,,,,,"(Hubricht & Mackin, 1940)", 21002,Stygobromus ozarkensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,ozarkensis,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 21003,Stygobromus parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,parvus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1969)", 21004,Stygobromus pecki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,pecki,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 21005,Stygobromus pizzinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,pizzinii,,,,,"(Shoemaker, 1938)", 21006,Stygobromus putealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,putealis,,,,,"(Holmes, 1909)", 21007,Stygobromus reddelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,reddelli,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1966)", 21008,Stygobromus smithii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,smithii,,,,,"Hubricht, 1943", 21009,Stygobromus spinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,spinatus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 21010,Stygobromus stellmacki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,stellmacki,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)", 21011,Stygobromus subtilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,subtilis,,,,,"(Hubricht, 1943)", 21012,Stygobromus wengerorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,wengerorum,,,,,"Holsinger, 1974", 21013,Stygobromus balconis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,balconis,,,,,"(Hubricht, 1943)", 21014,Stygobromus mundus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Stygobromus,mundus,,,,,"(Holsinger, 1967)",Incorrectly spelt in Red Lists prior to 2008 as S. mundaus. 21015,Stygodiaptomus kieferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Stygodiaptomus,kieferi,,,,,"Petkovski, 1981", 21016,Stygodiaptomus petkovskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Stygodiaptomus,petkovskii,,,,,"Brancelj, 1991", 2105,Argyrodiaptomus neglectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Argyrodiaptomus,neglectus,,,,,"(Wright, 1938)", 21106,Styloniscus sp. nov.,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,STYLONISCIDAE,Styloniscus,sp. nov.,,,,,, 21122,Suavocallia splendens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Suavocallia,splendens,,,,,"Dohrn, 1862", 21123,Suboestophora altamirai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Suboestophora,altamirai,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zárate López, 1962)","This species was originally described as Oestophora (Suboestophora) tarraconensis altamirai, dedicated to Carlos Altimira. Martínez-Ortí (1999) proposed to correct this mistake by naming this species as S. altimirai.

Suboestophora altimirai was considered a subspecies of S. tarraconensis. Based on anatomical studies of the reproductive system, the taxon has been raised to the species level (Martínez-Ortí 1995)." 21124,Suboestophora hispanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Suboestophora,hispanica,,,,,"(Gude, 1910)", 21125,Suboestophora jeresae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Suboestophora,jeresae,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zárate López, 1962)", 21126,Subulina usambarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Subulina,usambarica,,,,,K. Pfeiffer, 21127,Subuliniscus arambourgi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Subuliniscus,arambourgi,,,,,Germain, 21128,Succinea chittenangoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Succinea,chittenangoensis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1908", 21130,Succinea piratarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Succinea,piratarum,,,,,"Quadras and Moellendorff, 1894", 21131,Succinea quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Succinea,quadrasi,,,,,"Moellendorff, 1894", 21132,Succinea sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Succinea,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 21133,Succinea guamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Succinea,guamensis,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1857", 2114,Arcidens wheeleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Arcidens,wheeleri,,,,,"(Ortmann & Walker, 1912)","This species was previously known as Arkansia wheeleri, but changed to Arcidens wheeleri in Clarke (1981) and Graf and Cummings (2007).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 21147,Suncus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,montanus,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1850)",Meegaskumbura and Schneider (2008) suggest splitting this species into 2 distinct taxa: S. montanus in Sri Lanka and S. niger in India. 2115,Armatobalanus nefrens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,SESSILIA,BALANIDAE,Armatobalanus,nefrens,,,,,"(Zullo, 1963)",Should possibly be placed in the family Archaeobalanidae (see ITIS). 2116,Armsia petasus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Armsia,petasus,,,,,"(Ancey C.M.F., 1899)", 2117,Artemia monica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,ARTEMIIDAE,Artemia,monica,,,,,"Verrill, 1869", 21271,Syrnolopsis gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Syrnolopsis,gracilis,,,,,"Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927", 21272,Syrnolopsis lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Syrnolopsis,lacustris,,,,,"Smith, 1880", 21273,Syrnolopsis minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Syrnolopsis,minuta,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1885", 21276,Tacheocampylaea raspailii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tacheocampylaea,raspailii,,,,,"(Payraudeau, 1826)","The name has until recently been used for all Corsican species of Tacheocampylaea (for which 27 names have been published). Thus, literature has to be carefully monitored, to understand which species is actually meant." 21277,Tacheocampylaea tacheoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tacheocampylaea,tacheoides,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1909)",A polytypic species. Some variations may represent distinct species or subspecies. 21386,Tanganyicia rufofilosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Tanganyicia,rufofilosa,,,,,"(Smith, 1880)", 21308,Tachypleus gigas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MEROSTOMATA,XIPHOSURA,LIMULIDAE,Tachypleus,gigas,,,,,"(Müller, 1785)", 21310,Tachysphex pechumani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,SPHECIDAE,Tachysphex,pechumani,,,,,"Krombein, 1938", 21326,Taenioides jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Taenioides,jacksoni,,,,,"Smith, 1943", 21334,Taheitia alata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TRUNCATELLIDAE,Taheitia,alata,,,,,"(Quadras and von Möllendorff, 1894)", 21335,Taheitia lamellicosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TRUNCATELLIDAE,Taheitia,lamellicosta,,,,,"(Quadras and von Möllendorff, 1894)", 21336,Taheitia mariannarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TRUNCATELLIDAE,Taheitia,mariannarum,,,,,"(Quadras and von Möllendorff, 1894)", 21337,Taheitia parvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TRUNCATELLIDAE,Taheitia,parvula,,,,,"(Quadras and von Möllendorff, 1894)", 21338,Taipidon anceyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Taipidon,anceyana,,,,,"Garrett, 1887", 21339,Taipidon marquesana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Taipidon,marquesana,,,,,"Garrett, 1887", 21340,Taipidon octolamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Taipidon,octolamellata,,,,,"Garrett, 1887", 2143,Arubolana imula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Arubolana,imula,,,,,"(Bowman & Iliffe, 1983)", 21497,Tartarocreagris texana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,NEOBISIIDAE,Tartarocreagris,texana,,,,,"Muchmore, 1969", 2150,Arvicola sapidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Arvicola,sapidus,,,,,"Miller, 1908","There are two subspecies of the water vole: Arvicola sapidus sapidus (Miller, 1908) and Arvicola sapidus tenebricus (Miller, 1908). A. s. sapidus is present in Portugal and southern Spain, while A. s. tenebricus occurs in France and northern Spain. A. s. tenebricus is dark to reddish brown, while the coat of A. s. sapidus is generally lighter and more yellowish (Noblet 2005)." 21501,Leucopatus anophthalmus,ANIMALIA,ONYCHOPHORA,UDEONYCHOPHORA,EUONYCHOPHORA,PERIPATOPSIDAE,Leucopatus,anophthalmus,,,,,"(Ruhberg, Mesibov, Briscoe & Tait, 1991)", 21504,Tasmanoplectron isolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Tasmanoplectron,isolatum,,,,,"Richards, 1971", 21506,Tasmaphena lamproides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Tasmaphena,lamproides,,,,,"(Cox, 1868)", 21529,Taudactylus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Taudactylus,acutirostris,,,,,"(Andersson, 1916)", 21530,Taudactylus diurnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Taudactylus,diurnus,,,,,"Straughan & Lee, 1966", 21531,Taudactylus eungellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Taudactylus,eungellensis,,,,,"Liem & Hosmer, 1973", 21532,Taudactylus liemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Taudactylus,liemi,,,,,"Ingram, 1980", 21533,Taudactylus pleione,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Taudactylus,pleione,,,,,"Czechura, 1986", 21534,Taudactylus rheophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Taudactylus,rheophilus,,,,,"Liem & Hosmer, 1973", 2155,Aselliscus stoliczkanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Aselliscus,stoliczkanus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1871)","This could represent a species complex, further morphological and genetic studies are required (C. Francis pers. comm.)." 21553,Tayloria amaniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Tayloria,amaniensis,,,,,Verdcourt, 21554,Tayloria angustistriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Tayloria,angustistriata,,,,,K. Pfeiffer, 21555,Tayloria hyalinoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Tayloria,hyalinoides,,,,,Thiele, 21557,Teinopalpus aureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Teinopalpus,aureus,,,,,"Mell, 1923", 21558,Teinopalpus imperialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Teinopalpus,imperialis,,,,,"Hope, 1843","There are four known subspecies: the nominate subspecies imperialis; imperatrix (de Niceville, 1899); gillesi (Turlin, 1991); and behludinii (Pen, 1936)." 21560,Teinostoma fernandesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,TURBINIDAE,Teinostoma,fernandesi,,,,,"Rubio & Rolan, 1991",Note correction to spelling of the generic name from Teinsotoma to Teinostoma. 21561,Teinostoma funiculatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,TURBINIDAE,Teinostoma,funiculatum,,,,,"Rubio & Rolan, 1991",Note correction to spelling of the generic name from Teinsotoma to Teinostoma. 21569,Teleutomyrmex schneideri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Teleutomyrmex,schneideri,,,,,"Klutter, 1950", 21570,Teleutomyrmex kutteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Teleutomyrmex,kutteri,,,,,"Tinaut, 1990", 2160,Ashmunella pasonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Ashmunella,pasonis,,,,,"(Drake, 1951)", 2161,Asiagomphus yayeyamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,yayeyamensis,,,,,"(Matsumura in Oguma, 1926)", 21626,Tengchiena euroxestus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Tengchiena,euroxestus,,,,,"(Iredale, 1937)", 21627,Tenualosa thibaudeaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Tenualosa,thibaudeaui,,,,,"(Durand, 1940)", 21646,Testudo graeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Testudo,graeca,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This taxon is clearly a complex of several species, and its taxonomy remains very confused, without resolution, and so it is treated here as a single species. Several subspecies or possibly synonyms have been treated as full species by some authors.

The subspecies cyrenaica and soussensis were elevated to full species by Vetter (2002) without supporting information, a move supported by J. Perälä (pers. comm. 2004). Testudo flavominimaralis is usually treated as a synonym of Testudo graeca graeca, and it was not accepted as valid by Iverson (1992) and Schleich et al. (1996); nor was it discussed in detail by Pieh (2002:110). Its taxonomic status and distribution are uncertain, and it is treated here as a synonym of T. graeca, though it has not been formally synonymised. Testudo nabeulensis from Tunisia and northwestern Libya is usually treated as a synonym of Testudo graeca, but Pieh (2002:110) who took the view that it is a valid taxon within the Testudo graeca complex. Testudo anamurensis, from the southern coastal region of Turkey, was described as a subspecies of Testudo graeca and is treated as such by most recent studies (Perälä 2002b:35, Pieh et al. 2002), but it was implied to merit full species status by the phylogenies presented by Perälä (2002b:38-39) and is presented as such by Perälä (2002c:87) and Iverson (Checklist update MS). It is reported to occur in micro-sympatry with T. ibera at Side by Bruekers (1997).

Testudo antakyensis from the southern Anamos Mountains region of southern Turkey southwards to northern Israel and northwestern Jordan, was described as a separate species but might be a variant of T. graeca based on mitochondrial DNA sequences, and is treated here as a synonym pending further information. Testudo armeniaca, from northeastern Turkey, southern Armenia, northwestern Iran and possibly Azerbaijan, was originally described as a subspecies of Testudo graeca, and has been treated as such by most recent studies (Perälä 2002b:35, Pieh et al. 2002), but it was implied to merit full species status by phylogenies presented by Perälä (2002b:38-39) and it was presented as such by Iverson (Checklist update MS).

Testudo buxtoni, from the southwestern Caspian Sea shore of northern Iran, was previously treated as a synonym within the Testudo graeca complex, specifically of T. ibera, but was considered 'likely to be a valid taxon' by Perälä (2002c:84), following a hint by Chkhikvadze and Bakradze (1991). Testudo floweri, from the Levantine coastal plain and inland lowland areas in Israel and Lebanon, is usually considered to be a synonym of T. graeca, but might merit species status. Testudo ibera, from southeastern Europe to Iran (depending on the taxonomy followed), is usually treated as a subspecies of T. graeca, but elevation of the 'ibera-group' to species level was proposed by Gmira (1993) and Perala (2002c). Testudo nikolskii, from the northern Black Sea coast, has recently been considered to merit species rank, but its distinctness from T. ibera was questioned by Leontyeva et al. (2002). Testudo pallasi, from the northern and eastern Caucasus, was described as a subspecies of T. graeca, but was elevated to species level by Iverson, (Checklist update MS).

Testudo perses, from southeastern Turkey and much of Iran, was previously would have been considered part of the Testudo graeca complex, specifically related to T. ibera and/or T. zarudnyi, but was described as a separated species by Perälä (2002c:81). Testudo terrestris, from the northern Mesopotamian region, has a confused nomenclatural history, but elevation of the 'terrestris-group' to species level was proposed by Gmira (1993) and Perälä (2002). Testudo whitei, possibly from Algeria, is generally considered to be a synonym of T. graeca (Buskirk et al. 2001), but it was elevated to species status by Highfield and Martin (1989) and Ballasina et al. (2002); it was considered a nomen dubium by Pieh (2002:110). Testudo zarudnyi, from eastern Iran, was traditionally treated as a subspecies of T. graeca, but was treated as full species by Perälä (2002c:83). A full taxonomic review of this species required from across its entire range to identify those lineages that have diverged sufficiently to merit full species status." 21651,Testudo horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Testudo,horsfieldii,,,,,"Gray, 1844", 21667,Tetramorium microgyna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Tetramorium,microgyna,,,,,"Santschi, 1918", 21668,Tetramorium parasiticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Tetramorium,parasiticum,,,,,"Bolton, 1980", 21680,Tettigidea empedonepia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tettigidea,empedonepia,,,,,"Hubbell, 1937", 21681,Thaanumella angulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Thaanumella,angulosa,,,,,"(Ansey, 1890)", 21682,Thaanumella cookei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Thaanumella,cookei,,,,,"Clench, 1946", 21689,Thalassoma ascensionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,ascensionis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)","The very similar and closely related (sister) species occurring around Saint Helena Island is Thaloassoma sanctaehelenae. Thalassoma ascensionis has also been recorded as occurring around Sao Tome Island in the Gulf of Guinea (Afonso et al. 1999), though the species in this latter area is almost certainly T. newtoni. Occurrences listed from Ghana and Congo probably also refer to the latter species, and those from Senegal to T. pavo, which also occurs in the Cape Verde Islands and northwards to the Azores, including in the Mediterranean sea (Bernardi et al. 2004, Castagliola et al. 2004)." 21706,Thamnophis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,gigas,,,,,"Fitch, 1940","Thamnophis hammondii, T. gigas, and T. atratus (including subspecies hydrophilus and aquaticus) formerly were included in Thamnophis couchii but now are recognized as distinct species (Rossman et al. 1996; Crother et al. 2000, 2003; Ernst and Ernst 2003)." 21707,Thamnophis hammondii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,hammondii,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1860)","Formerly included in Thamnophis couchii. Includes T. digueti Mocquuard, 1899 of Baja California. The specific name in IUCN Red Lists prior to 2007 was incorrectly spelt as hammondi." 21710,Thapsia snelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,UROCYCLIDAE,Thapsia,snelli,,,,,"Connolly, 1925", 21793,Thomasomys vestitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,vestitus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 21711,Thapsia grandis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,UROCYCLIDAE,Thapsia,grandis,,,,,Verdcourt, 21797,Thomea newtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Thomea,newtoni,,,,,"Girard, 1894", 21712,Thapsia microsculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,UROCYCLIDAE,Thapsia,microsculpta,,,,,Verdcourt, 21713,Thapsia usambarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,UROCYCLIDAE,Thapsia,usambarensis,,,,,Verdcourt, 21714,Thapsia buraensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,UROCYCLIDAE,Thapsia,buraensis,,,,,Verdcourt, 21717,Thaumatodon hystricelloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Thaumatodon,hystricelloides,,,,,"Mousson, 1865", 21718,Thaumatodon multilamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Thaumatodon,multilamellata,,,,,"Garrett, 1887", 21719,Thaumatogryllus cavicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Thaumatogryllus,cavicola,,,,,"Gurney & Rentz, 1978", 21720,Thaumatogryllus variegatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Thaumatogryllus,variegatus,,,,,"Perkins, 1899", 21721,Thaumatoneura inopinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,THAUMATONEURIDAE,Thaumatoneura,inopinata,,,,,"McLachlan, 1897","A monotypic genus and some put this in a monotypic family. However, it is a near relative of several species of Paraphlebia from Mexico to Nicaragua." 21722,Theba arinagae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Theba,arinagae,,,,,"Gittenberger & Ripken, 1985", 21726,Theodoxus transversalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,transversalis,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 21727,Theodoxus maresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,maresi,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1864)","The taxonomy of the Maghrebian representatives of Theodoxus is not yet fully elucidated and molecular studies are necessary. Kristensen (1985) recognises three distinct species (T. maresi, T. numidicus and T. meridionalis). Ghamizi (1998) considers the Moroccan populations of T. maresi to be identical with T. numidicus and also retains the paleartic T. fluviatilis, which according to Kristensen probably does not occur in the area." 21728,Theodoxus numidicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,numidicus,,,,,"(Recluz, 1841)", 21733,Thermocyclops parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Thermocyclops,parvus,,,,,"Reid, 1989", 21734,Thermodiaptomus galeboides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Thermodiaptomus,galeboides,,,,,"(Sars, 1909)", 21735,Thermomesochra reducta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Thermomesochra,reducta,,,,,"Ito & Burton, 1980", 21737,Thermosphaeroma dugesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Thermosphaeroma,dugesi,,,,,"Dollfus, 1893)", 21738,Thermosphaeroma milleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Thermosphaeroma,milleri,,,,,"Bowman, 1981", 21739,Thermosphaeroma smithi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Thermosphaeroma,smithi,,,,,"Bowman, 1981", 21740,Thermosphaeroma subequalum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Thermosphaeroma,subequalum,,,,,"Cole & Bane, 1978", 21741,Thermosphaeroma thermophilum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Thermosphaeroma,thermophilum,,,,,"Richardson, 1897", 21742,Thermosphaeroma cavicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Thermosphaeroma,cavicauda,,,,,"Bowman, 1985", 21743,Thermosphaeroma macrura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,SPHAEROMATIDAE,Thermosphaeroma,macrura,,,,,"Bowman, 1985", 21745,Thersites mitchellae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Thersites,mitchellae,,,,,"Cox, 1864", 21746,Theskelomensor creon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Theskelomensor,creon,,,,,"Solem, 1958", 21751,Thestor brachycerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,brachycerus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1883)", 2179,Assiminea infirma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,infirma,,,,,"S.S. Berry, 1947", 2181,Assiminea palauensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,palauensis,,,,,"Thiele, 1927", 21816,Thoropa lutzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Thoropa,lutzi,,,,,"Cochran, 1938", 21817,Thoropa petropolitana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Thoropa,petropolitana,,,,,"(Wandolleck, 1907)", 2182,Assiminea pecos,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,pecos,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 21843,Throscodectes xederoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Throscodectes,xederoides,,,,,"Rentz, 1985", 21844,Throscodectes xiphos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Throscodectes,xiphos,,,,,"Rentz, 1985", 21875,Thymallus thymallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Thymallus,thymallus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 21876,Thyrophorella thomensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,THYROPHORELLIDAE,Thyrophorella,thomensis,,,,,"Greef, 1882", 21888,Coptodon bakossiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,bakossiorum,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21889,Coptodon bemini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,bemini,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1972)", 21890,Coptodon bythobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,bythobates,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21891,Coptodon flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,flavus,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21892,Coptodon gutturosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,gutturosus,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21893,Coptodon imbrifernus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,imbrifernus,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21894,Coptodon snyderae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,snyderae,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21895,Coptodon spongotroktis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,spongotroktis,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21896,Coptodon thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,thysi,,,,,"(Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey, 1992)", 21897,Coptodon deckerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,deckerti,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1967)", 2190,Astacopsis gouldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacopsis,gouldi,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 2191,Astacus astacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Astacus,astacus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Astacus astacus is comprised of three subspecies: Astacus astacus astacus, Astacus astacus balcanicus, Astacus astacus colchicus." 21912,Tinca tinca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,TINCIDAE,Tinca,tinca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 21913,Tinostoma smaragditis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,SPHINGIDAE,Tinostoma,smaragditis,,,,,"(Meyrick, 1899)", 21914,Tiphobia horei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Tiphobia,horei,,,,,"Smith, 1880", 21915,Tiradelphe schneideri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tiradelphe,schneideri,,,,,"Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984", 21916,Tirumala euploeomorpha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tirumala,euploeomorpha,,,,,"(Howarth, Kawazoé & Sibatani, 1976)", 21917,Tirumala gautama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tirumala,gautama,,,,,"(Moore, 1877)", 21918,Tirumala alba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tirumala,alba,,,,,"Chou & Gu, 1994", 21920,Tischeria perplexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,TISCHERIIDAE,Tischeria,perplexa,,,,,"Braun, 1972", 2193,Haplochromis barbarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,barbarae,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 2194,Haplochromis brownae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,brownae,,,,,"Greenwood, 1962", 2195,Haplochromis latifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,latifasciatus,,,,,"Regan, 1929", 2196,Haplochromis martini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,martini,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 2197,Haplochromis megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,megalops,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 2199,Haplochromis velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,velifer,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 21992,Folifer yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Folifer,yunnanensis,,,,,"Wang, Zhuang & Gao, 1982","Known as Folifer yunnanensis by some researchers. It was originally described as F. yunnanensis. The genus is in need of further taxonomic investigation. It may be closer to Spinibarbus, and at present it would be better considered within Folifer (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 21995,Tornatellinops ponapensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Tornatellinops,ponapensis,,,,,"(Pilsbry and Cooke, 1915)", 21996,Tornelasmias capricorni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Tornelasmias,capricorni,,,,,"Iredale, 1944", 22000,Kimberleytrachia crawfordi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Kimberleytrachia,crawfordi,,,,,"(Solem, 1979)", 22001,Torresitrachia funium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Torresitrachia,funium,,,,,"(Solem, 1981)","This species has originally been described as member of the genus Cristilabrium by Solem (1981). However, it has subsequently been transferred to Torresitrachia by Solem (1985)." 22002,Torresitrachia thedana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Torresitrachia,thedana,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 22018,Toxotes oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TOXOTIDAE,Toxotes,oligolepis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1876", 22087,Triaenodes phalacris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,TRICHOPTERA,LEPTOCERIDAE,Triaenodes,phalacris,,,,,"Ross, 1938", 22103,Trichechus manatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SIRENIA,TRICHECHIDAE,Trichechus,manatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is currently divided into two subspecies: the Florida (T. m. latirostris) and Antillean (T. m. manatus) manatees (Hatt 1934, Domning and Hayek 1986). The mtDNA data (García-Rodríguez et al. 1998) and molecular data (Vianna et al. 2006) revealed a population structure with three distinctive lineages corresponding geographically with: (1) Florida, Mexico, the Greater Antilles, Central America, and the Caribbean coast of South America; (2) Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean coast of South America; and (3) NE South America from Guyana to Brazil. Evidence exists for viable hybridization with T. inunguis near the mouth of the Amazon River, Guyana, French Guiana, and possibly Suriname (Lima et al. 2019).

Recent cranial and chromosomal geographic variation data from Antillean manatees in Brazil show morphological discontinuity and chromosomal divergence within T. m. manatus and the Brazilian population south of the Amazon. These data suggest that the current taxonomy of T. manatus needs to be revised (Barros et al. 2016).

 

" 22107,Trochulus biconicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,biconicus,,,,,"(Eder, 1917)","A taxonomic review of the genus Trochulus spp. is underway by Gerhard Falkner and Ted von Proschwitz." 22108,Trochulus caelatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,caelatus,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)", 22109,Trochulus graminicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,graminicola,,,,,"(Falkner, 1973)", 22110,Noricella oreinos,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Noricella,oreinos,,,,,"(Wagner, 1914)","There are two subspecies: Trochulus oreinos oreinos, and T. oreinos scheerpeltzi Mikula, 1957. The latest molecular genetic studies have shown that they could perhaps be regarded as two separate species (Duda et al. 2011). For the time being, both subspüecies are assessed as a single species." 22120,Trichomycterus areolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,areolatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 22121,Trichomycterus chiltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,chiltoni,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1928)", 22122,Trichomycterus chungaraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,chungaraensis,,,,,"Arratia, 1983", 22123,Trichomycterus laucaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,laucaensis,,,,,"Arratia, 1983", 22124,Trichomycterus rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,rivulatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 22131,Trichotoxon martensi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Trichotoxon,martensi,,,,,Heynemann, 22134,Tricula montana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tricula,montana,,,,,"Benson, 1843", 22135,Tridacna crocea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Tridacna,crocea,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819","Of all the giant clam species, Tridacna crocea is the smallest with a maximum size of ~15 cm (Rosewater, 1965). Commonly known as the 'burrowing' or 'boring' giant clam, T. crocea is a rock borer that embeds its entire body into the substratum, leaving only the colourful outer mantle exposed (Yonge, 1936). This species is byssally attached to its bored concavity. Tridacna crocea is typically identified by its boring habit, but it also develops well-spaced scutes that become eroded over time within the borehole." 22136,Tridacna derasa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Tridacna,derasa,,,,,"(Röding, 1798)","The second largest species, Tridacna derasa, grows up to 60 cm in shell length. It is known as the smooth giant clam because its valves have almost no ribbing (Rosewater 1965). Tridacna derasa has brilliant mantle colours, displaying shades of blue and green with striped patterns. Its incurrent siphon bears relatively inconspicuous guard tentacles (Lucas et al. 1991)." 22137,Tridacna gigas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Tridacna,gigas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Tridacna gigas is the only truly gigantic giant clam species: the largest individual reported was 137 cm long (Rosewater 1965), while the heaviest known specimen (106 cm shell length) weighed approximately 500 kg (Lucas 1994). The species is easily identified by its size and distinctive elongate and triangular projections on the upper shell margins. Mantle colours are mostly dull brown and olive green, and the mantle edge bears numerous iridescent blue-green circles. Unlike the other Tridacna species, the incurrent siphon of T. gigas bears no tentacles." 22138,Tridacna maxima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Tridacna,maxima,,,,,"(Röding, 1798)", 22139,Tridacna rosewateri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Tridacna,rosewateri,,,,,"Sirenho & Scarlato, 1991","The shell morphology of T. rosewateri shares features with both T. maxima (i.e. large byssal orifice) and T. squamosa (i.e. large scutes), but differs from those species in having thinner shell walls, deep triangular valve margin folds, and larger dense scutes on primary radial folds (Sirenko & Scarlato 1991, Monsecour 2016)." 22140,Tridacna squamosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Tridacna,squamosa,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819", 22149,Trimenia wallengrenii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Trimenia,wallengrenii,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 22175,Trimerotropis infantilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Trimerotropis,infantilis,,,,,"Rentz & Weissman, 1984", 22176,Trimerotropis occulens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Trimerotropis,occulens,,,,,"Otte, 1984", 22177,Trimerotropis occidentaloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Trimerotropis,occidentaloides,,,,,"Rentz & Weissman, 1981", 2218,Astraea heliotropium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,TURBINIDAE,Astraea,heliotropium,,,,,"(Martyn, 1784)", 22193,Triodopsis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Triodopsis,occidentalis,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Ferriss, 1894)", 22194,Triodopsis platysayoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Triodopsis,platysayoides,,,,,"(Brooks, 1933)", 22201,Triplophysa gejiuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,gejiuensis,,,,,"(Chu & Chen, 1979)", 22202,Triplophysa xiangxiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,xiangxiensis,,,,,"(Yang, Yuan & Liao, 1986)", 22206,Trissexodon constrictus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Trissexodon,constrictus,,,,,"(Boubée, 1836)", 22209,Tritocleis microphylla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Tritocleis,microphylla,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 22212,Triturus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Triturus,cristatus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Triturus cristatus formerly was considered to include four subspecies: T. cristatus cristatus; T. c. dobrogicus; T. c. karelinii; and T. c. carnifex. These are now recognized as separate species of the Triturus cristatus superspecies, and the specific name Triturus cristatus (sensu stricto) is attributed to the former nominative subspecies. The exact ranges of members of the Triturus cristatus superspecies are unclear in the central Balkans because of narrow or extensive areas of hybridization." 22218,Trochidrobia inflata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Trochidrobia,inflata,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins, 1989", 22219,Trochidrobia minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Trochidrobia,minuta,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins, 1989", 22220,Trochidrobia punicea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Trochidrobia,punicea,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins, 1989", 22221,Trochidrobia smithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Trochidrobia,smithi,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins, 1989", 22223,Trochochlamys ogasawarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Trochochlamys,ogasawarana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1902", 22245,Trochogyra leptotera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Trochogyra,leptotera,,,,,"Roche Brune & Mabille, 1882", 22246,Xerocrassa gharlapsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,gharlapsi,,,,,"Beckmann, 1987", 22248,Xerocrassa picardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,picardi,,,,,"(F. Haas, 1933)", 22249,Xerocrassa pseudojacosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,pseudojacosta,,,,,"(Forcart, 1976)", 22250,Xerocrassa jimenensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,jimenensis,,,,,"(Puente & Arrebola, 1996)","Although it is often possible to differentiate this species from X. zaharensis only using shell characteristics, a positive identification can only be determined by studying the reproductive system (Puente and Arrébola 1996)." 22253,Xerocrassa molinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,molinae,,,,,"Hidalgo, 1883", 22254,Xerocrassa montserratensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,montserratensis,,,,,"Hidalgo, 1870","Puente (1994) considers X. montserratensis and X. betulonensis two different species. Martínez-Ortí and Bros are working to clarify the taxonomic status." 22255,Xerocrassa zaharensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerocrassa,zaharensis,,,,,"Puente & Arrebola, 1996","Although it is often possible to differentiate this species from X. jimenensis only using shell characteristics, a positive distinction can only be done by studying the reproductive system (Puente and Arrébola 1996)." 22256,Trochomorpha apia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,apia,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1852)", 22257,Trochomorpha approximata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,approximata,,,,,"Le Guillou, no date", 22258,Trochomorpha carolinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,carolinae,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 22259,Trochomorpha conoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,conoides,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 22260,Trochomorpha contigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,contigua,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 22261,Trochomorpha kuesteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,kuesteri,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, no date)", 22262,Trochomorpha melvillensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,melvillensis,,,,,"Solem, 1989", 22263,Trochomorpha nigritella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,nigritella,,,,,"E. von Martens, 1860", 22266,Trochozonites usambarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Trochozonites,usambarensis,,,,,Verdcourt, 22274,Troglohyphantes gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Troglohyphantes,gracilis,,,,,"Fage, 1919", 22275,Troglohyphantes similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Troglohyphantes,similis,,,,,"Fage, 1919", 22276,Troglohyphantes spinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Troglohyphantes,spinipes,,,,,"Fage, 1919", 22339,Tropidophora articulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,articulata,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 22340,Tropidophora deburghiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,deburghiae,,,,,"Reeve, 1861", 22341,Tropidophora carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,carinata,,,,,"Born, 1780", 22342,Tropidophora desmazuresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,desmazuresi,,,,,"Crosse, 1873", 22343,Tropidophora semilineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,semilineata,,,,,"Morelet, 1881", 22344,Tropidophora michaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tropidophora,michaudi,,,,,"Grateloup, 1840", 22345,Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tropidophoxinellus,hellenicus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1971)", 22346,Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tropidophoxinellus,spartiaticus,,,,,"(Schmidt-Ries, 1943)", 22347,Tropidoptera heliciformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Tropidoptera,heliciformis,,,,,"Ancey, 1890", 22366,Tropocyclops federensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Tropocyclops,federensis,,,,,"Reid, 1991", 22367,Tropocyclops nananae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Tropocyclops,nananae,,,,,"Reid, 1991", 22368,Tropodiaptomus falcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,falcatus,,,,,"Kiefer, 1933", 22369,Tropodiaptomus kilimensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,kilimensis,,,,,"(Daday, 1910)", 22370,Tropodiaptomus kissi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,kissi,,,,,"Dussart, 1978", 22371,Tropodiaptomus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Rylov, 1918)", 22372,Tropodiaptomus neumanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,neumanni,,,,,"(Douwe, 1912)", 22373,Tropodiaptomus palustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,palustris,,,,,"(Kiss, 1960)", 22374,Tropodiaptomus purpureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,purpureus,,,,,"(Kiss, 1960)", 22375,Tropodiaptomus simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,simplex,,,,,"(Sars, 1909)", 22376,Tropodiaptomus stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,stuhlmanni,,,,,"(Mrázek, 1895)", 22377,Tropodiaptomus worthingtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,worthingtoni,,,,,"(Lowndes, 1936)", 22378,Tropodiaptomus burundensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,burundensis,,,,,"Dumont & Maas, 1988", 22379,Tropodiaptomus ctenopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Tropodiaptomus,ctenopus,,,,,"(Kiefer, 1930)", 22382,Trukcharopa trukana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Trukcharopa,trukana,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 22384,Truncatellina arcyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,arcyensis,,,,,"Klemm, 1943","The taxonomic validity of this species needs to be fully investigated, especially at the molecular level." 22385,Truncatellina atomus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRUNCATELLINIDAE,Truncatellina,atomus,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 22416,Tryonia cheatumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,cheatumi,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1935)", 22417,Tryonia clathrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,clathrata,,,,,"Stimpson, 1865", 22418,Tryonia imitator,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,imitator,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1899)", 22420,Pseudotryonia adamantina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Pseudotryonia,adamantina,,,,,"(Taylor, 1987)", 22421,Tryonia alamosae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,alamosae,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 22422,Tryonia angulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,angulata,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 22424,Tryonia elata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,elata,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 22426,Tryonia gilae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,gilae,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 22427,Tryonia kosteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,kosteri,,,,,"Taylor, 1987", 22428,Tryonia quitobaquitae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,quitobaquitae,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 22430,Tryonia variegata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,variegata,,,,,"Hershler & Sada, 1987", 22443,Tubuaia fosbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Tubuaia,fosbergi,,,,,Kondo, 22444,Tulotoma magnifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Tulotoma,magnifica,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 22544,Turgenitubulus aslini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Turgenitubulus,aslini,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 22546,Turgenitubulus costus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Turgenitubulus,costus,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 22547,Turgenitubulus depressus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Turgenitubulus,depressus,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 22548,Turgenitubulus foramenus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Turgenitubulus,foramenus,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 22549,Turgenitubulus opiranus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Turgenitubulus,opiranus,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 22550,Turgenitubulus pagodula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Turgenitubulus,pagodula,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 22551,Turgenitubulus tanmurrana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Turgenitubulus,tanmurrana,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 22594,Typhlatya iliffei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlatya,iliffei,,,,,"Hart & Manning, 1981", 22600,Typhlobarbus nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Typhlobarbus,nudiventris,,,,,"Chu & Chen, 1982", 22707,Eurycea spelaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,spelaea,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1892)", 22726,Uegitglanis zammaranoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Uegitglanis,zammaranoi,,,,,"Gianferrari, 1923", 22727,Uma inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uma,inornata,,,,,"Cope, 1895","Was under the family Iguanidae.

Based on electrophoretic analyses, Adest (1977) concluded that Uma scoparia, Uma notata, and Uma inornata comprise a single species (Uma notata) (Adest 1977). Stebbins (1985, 2003) maintained the three taxa as distinct species. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences indicate that Uma notata rufopunctata is more closely related to Uma inornata than to Uma notata notata (Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz 2000, Trepanier and Murphy 2001). Trepanier and Murphy (2001) concluded that for the northern species of Uma existing data support either a two-species arrangement (Uma scoparia, Uma notata) or five-species classification (Uma scoparia, Uma notata, Uma inornata, and Uma rufopunctata, plus an undescribed species from Mohawk Dunes, Arizona). Trepanier and Murphy prefered the latter arrangement and stated that a description of the Mohawk Dunes species is in progress. Crother et al. (2003) adopted the taxonomy preferred by Trepanier and Murphy." 22730,Umbra krameri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,UMBRIDAE,Umbra,krameri,,,,,"Walbaum, 1792", 22740,Unio cariei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,cariei,,,,,"Germain, 1919", 22741,Unio turtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,turtoni,,,,,"B.C. Payraudeau, 1826", 22742,Uperoleia marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,marmorata,,,,,"Gray, 1841","

Only the type specimen of this species is known and that cannot be attributed to any currently described Uperoleia species based on its morphology. Ancient DNA techniques might be able to resolve its taxonomic status in regards to currently recognised species which might result in the synonymy of a currently used species name with Uperoleia marmorata (Dale Roberts pers. comm. 2016).


" 22743,Uperoleia orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,orientalis,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)","

The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain with Catullo and Keogh (2014) claiming this species has not been collected since the 1900’s despite several “records” in the Atlas of Living Australia data base (ALA). Paul Doughty was not confident about identifications of specimens in the Northern Territory Museum (several records in ALA data) following Catullo’s comprehensive work on this genus (Dale Roberts pers. comm 2016). Specimens have been variously accepted and rejected as being this species (e.g. see Davies 1989).

" 22770,Uramphisopus pearsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,PHREATOICIDAE,Uramphisopus,pearsoni,,,,,"Nicholls, 1943", 22828,Utabaenetes tanneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Utabaenetes,tanneri,,,,,"Tinkham, 1970", 22829,Valencia hispanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,VALENCIIDAE,Valencia,hispanica,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 22830,Valencia letourneuxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,VALENCIIDAE,Valencia,letourneuxi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)", 22831,Vallonia allamanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Vallonia,allamanica,,,,,"Geyer, 1908", 22832,Vallonia declivis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Vallonia,declivis,,,,,"Sterki, 1892","This species was often confused with Vallonia teniolabris." 22833,Vallonia enniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Vallonia,enniensis,,,,,"Gredler, 1856", 22834,Vallonia suevica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Vallonia,suevica,,,,,"Geyer, 1908", 22835,Valvata utahensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,utahensis,,,,,"Call, 1884", 22836,Valvata virens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,virens,,,,,"Tryon, 1863", 22888,Varanus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,olivaceus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1859","Reports of this species from the northern Sierra Madre on Luzon are now understood to correspond to a distinct species, named Varanus bitatawa by Welton et al. (2010)." 22934,Vertigo alabamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,alabamensis,,,,,"Clapp, 1915", 22936,Vertigo genesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,genesii,,,,,"(Gredler, 1856)", 22938,Vertigo hebardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,hebardi,,,,,"Vanetta, 1912", 22940,Vertigo geyeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,geyeri,,,,,"Lindholm, 1925","Vertigo geyeri was considered to be a subspecies of V. genesii or V. parcedentata until 1966 (Walden 1966) and care is needed in interpretation of earlier literature, where references to V. genesii may involve the more frequent V. geyeri." 22941,Vertigo arthuri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,arthuri,,,,,"Von Martens, 1882", 22942,Vertigo hubricti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,hubricti,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1934", 22943,Vertigo occulta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,occulta,,,,,"Vanetta, 1912", 22944,Vertigo ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,ovata,,,,,"Say, 1822", 22945,Vertigo paradoxa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,paradoxa,,,,,Nylander, 22946,Vespericola karokorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Vespericola,karokorum,,,,,"Talmadge, 1962", 22950,Victaphanta atramentaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Victaphanta,atramentaria,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 22951,Victaphanta compacta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Victaphanta,compacta,,,,,"(Cox & Hedley, 1912)", 22952,Victodrobia burni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Victodrobia,burni,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 22953,Victodrobia elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Victodrobia,elongata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 22954,Victodrobia millerae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Victodrobia,millerae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 22955,Victodrobia victoriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Victodrobia,victoriensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 22971,Vidumelon wattii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Vidumelon,wattii,,,,,"Tate, 1894", 22976,Venustaconcha trabalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Venustaconcha,trabalis,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 22977,Villosa perpurpurea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Villosa,perpurpurea,,,,,"(Lea, 1861)", 22978,Vimba melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Vimba,melanops,,,,,"(Heckel, 1837)", 22979,Vimba vimba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Vimba,vimba,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22985,Montivipera albizona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,albizona,,,,,"Nilson, Andrén and Flärdh, 1990","This species is included in Montivipera following Nilson et al. (1999). Further taxonomic research is needed to clarify the validity of this species (W. Böhme pers. comm.). It may represent a synonym of M. xanthina (see Schatti et al., 1991), however recent electropheoretic analysis of blood-sera (Göçmen in press) support the recognition of M. albizona at the species level." 22989,Montivipera bulgardaghica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,bulgardaghica,,,,,"(Nilson & Andrén, 1985)",This species was included within Montivipera xanthina by Schatti et al. (1991). 22992,Montivipera latifii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,latifii,,,,,"(Mertens, Darevsky & Klemmer, 1967)",This species is sometimes considered to be conspecific with V. raddei (see McDiarmid et al. 1999). 22993,Montivipera raddei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,raddei,,,,,"(Boettger, 1890)","Stümpel and Joger (2009) reviewed recent developments in western Asian viper systematics and found that both the proposed species Montivipera albicornuta and the subspecies M. raddei kurdistanica were paraphyletic within M. raddei on molecular grounds. These authors therefore synonymized both taxa within a monotypic M. raddei, and confirmed that the resulting taxon represents a single, genetically homogenous lineage rather than a species complex. The same study concluded that a further taxon historically assigned to the ""M. raddei complex"", M. latifi, is a valid species (Stümpel and Joger (2009)" 22997,Vipera ursinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,ursinii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1835)","Crochet and Dubois (2004), reported that there are nine subspecies, and a new taxonomic revision would probably produce at least three species. They also reported that Nilson and Andrén (2001) had raised one European and several Asiatic subspecies to species status. However, Crochet and Dubois (2004) suggested that these results needed to be corroborated by complementary approaches. Joger and Stümpel (2005), recently recognized V. ursinii as being restricted to Europe, ranging as isolated populations from France in the west to Moldova in the east. They further recognized populations east of Moldova, formerly allocated to V. ursinii, as belonging to V. renardi (Christoph, 1861). Joger and Stümpel (2005), further considered the disjunct population from southwestern Turkey, to be the distinct species, V. anatolica Eiselt and Baran, 1970. The current arrangement of Joger and Stümpel (2005) is followed here as the most recent publication on this complex group. This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999)." 22998,Montivipera wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,wagneri,,,,,"(Nilson & Andrén, 1984)", 23000,Vipera darevskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,darevskii,,,,,"Vedmederja, Orlov and Tuniyev, 1986",This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999). 23033,Vitrinula chaunax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIOPHANTIDAE,Vitrinula,chaunax,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1904)", 23034,Vitrinula chichijimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIOPHANTIDAE,Vitrinula,chichijimana,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905)", 23035,Vitrinula hahajimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIOPHANTIDAE,Vitrinula,hahajimana,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905)", 23040,Viviparus acerosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,acerosus,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1862","

MolluscaBase (2022) considers Viviparus acerosus maritzanus (F. Haas, 1913) recorded from Bulgaria to be a subspecies.

" 23045,Volvarina insulana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Volvarina,insulana,,,,,"Gofas & Fernandes, 1988", 23066,Westraltrachia alterna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Westraltrachia,alterna,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 23067,Westraltrachia inopinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Westraltrachia,inopinata,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 23068,Westraltrachia lievreana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Westraltrachia,lievreana,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 23069,Westraltrachia porcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Westraltrachia,porcata,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 23070,Westraltrachia recta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Westraltrachia,recta,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 23071,Westraltrachia subtila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Westraltrachia,subtila,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 23072,Westraltrachia turbinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Westraltrachia,turbinata,,,,,"Solem, 1984", 23082,Windbalea viride,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Windbalea,viride,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 23090,Wrayanna soluta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Wrayanna,soluta,,,,,"(Möllendorff, 1897)", 23095,Xantusia riversiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,riversiana,,,,,"Cope, 1833","This species formerly was placed in the genus Klauberina. Populations on different islands have diverged in coloration, body size, and clutch size, but genetic distances between the island populations are minute compared with those between other species of Xantusia (Bezy et al. 1980)." 23112,Xenodiscula taintori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SAGDIDAE,Xenodiscula,taintori,,,,,"Goodrich & Schalie, 1937", 23138,Xerarionta intercisa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Xerarionta,intercisa,,,,,"(W.G. Binney, 1857)", 23139,Xerarionta redimita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Xerarionta,redimita,,,,,"(W.G. Binney, 1858)", 23140,Xerarionta tryoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Xerarionta,tryoni,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1864)", 23142,Xerosecta adolfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,adolfi,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1854","According to Gittenberger (1993), the similar Xerosecta species living in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula (X. cespitum, X. promissa, X. reboudiana and X. adolfi) can be identified by some shell features. Puente (1994) and Arrébola (1995) indicated that sometimes reproductive system studies are required for an unambiguous identification." 23161,Xylotoles costatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Xylotoles,costatus,,,,,"Pascoe, 1875", 23165,Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nuchisquamulatus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1888)",Appeared in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the generic name Xystichromis. 23167,Xystichromis sp. nov. 'Kyoga flameback',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xystichromis,sp. nov. 'Kyoga flameback',,,,,,"Two collections from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Voucher numbers MCZ 144838, MCZ 145435. Will probably be named as a species of Haplochromis." 23175,Yunnanilus nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,nigromaculatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 23176,Yunnanilus macrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,macrogaster,,,,,"Kottelat & Chu, 1988", 23177,Yunnanilus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Yunnanilus,niger,,,,,"Kottelat & Chu, 1988", 23187,Zaprochilus ninae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zaprochilus,ninae,,,,,"(Brulle, 1835)", 23206,Zilchogyra paulistana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODISCIDAE,Zilchogyra,paulistana,,,,,"Scott, 1973", 23207,Zingel asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Zingel,asper,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 23208,Zingel streber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Zingel,streber,,,,,"(Siebold, 1863)", 23209,Zingel zingel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Zingel,zingel,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 23210,Zingis radiolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Zingis,radiolata,,,,,von Martens, 23215,Zonocypretta kalimna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,OSTRACODA,MYODOCOPIDA,CYPRIDINIDAE,Zonocypretta,kalimna,,,,,"De Dekker, 1981", 23331,Nanocochlea parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Nanocochlea,parva,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2346,Atenia quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Atenia,quadrasi,,,,,"Hidalgo, 1885", 2355,Atlantasellus cavernicolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ATLANTASELLIDAE,Atlantasellus,cavernicolus,,,,,"Sket, 1979", 2374,Atrichotoxon usambarense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Atrichotoxon,usambarense,,,,,Verdcourt, 2378,Losaria palu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Losaria,palu,,,,,(Martin 1912),"This species is part of the coon species group which was considered part of the Atrophaneura by Hancock (1988); the group occurs from Assam and Hainan in the north to the Andaman Islands and Sumatra in the south (Hancock 1988). This species was previously thought to be a subspecies of Atrophaneura coon by some authors (e.g. Tsukada and Nishiyama 1982), but it is now considered a full species as per Hancock (1984). Other authorities elevated the subgenus Losaria to full genus level (Häuser et al. 2017), and we follow this treatment here" 2380,Attheyella yemanjae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Attheyella,yemanjae,,,,,"Reid, 1993", 2404,Auriculella ambusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,ambusta,,,,,Pease W.H. 1868, 2405,Auriculella castanea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,castanea,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1853)", 2406,Auriculella crassula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,crassula,,,,,"Smith, 1915-1916", 2407,Auriculella malleata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,malleata,,,,,"Ancey, 1904", 2408,Auriculella perpusilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,perpusilla,,,,,"Smith, 1873", 2409,Auriculella pulchra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,pulchra,,,,,"Pease, 1868", 2410,Auriculella tenella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,tenella,,,,,"Ancey, 1889", 2411,Auriculella expansa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,expansa,,,,,"Pease, 1868", 2412,Auriculella uniplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Auriculella,uniplicata,,,,,Pease, 2420,Austroassiminea letha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Austroassiminea,letha,,,,,"Solem, Girardi, Slack-Smith & Kendrick, 1982", 2421,Austrochloritis ascensa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Austrochloritis,ascensa,,,,,"Iredale, 1943", 2422,Protolinitis pusilla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Protolinitis,pusilla,,,,,"(Hedley, 1912)", 2429,Austromenidia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Austromenidia,gracilis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1898)", 2430,Austropotamobius pallipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Austropotamobius,pallipes,,,,,"(Lereboullet, 1858)","

Some consider Austropotamobius pallipes as a species complex comprised of two genetically distinct species; A. pallipes and an Italian species for which the name is being discussed. The Italian species is thought to be comprised of a number of subspecies, though this depends on the author. Both the Italian form and A. pallipes can be found in Spain, France, Italy and Switzerland. It is also suggested that there are two subspecies of A. pallipes: A. pallipes pallipes which exists in France, the British Isles, Spain, Switzerland, and Germany, and A. p. subsp. nov. which is known from Liguria in Italy and the Alpes Maritimes region of France. There still exists some debate as to whether the Italian form should be raised to species level, though recent genetic work (Grandjean et al. 2000a, Fratini et al. 2005, Bertocchi et al. 2008) would support a separate species, Austropotamobius italicus with 4 subspecies.

" 2432,Austrosaga spinifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Austrosaga,spinifer,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 2436,Avenionia brevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Avenionia,brevis,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 2443,Awalycaeus akiratadai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Awalycaeus,akiratadai,,,,,"Minato, 1982", 2461,Babyrousa babyrussa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Babyrousa,babyrussa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Groves (2001) and Meijaard and Groves (2002a, b) proposed to upgrade the three extant subspecies of Babyrousa to species level: B. celebensis from northern Sulawesi; B. togeanensis from the Togian islands; and B. babyrussa from Buru and the Sula Islands. A single skull from central Sulawesi may or may not represent the species known otherwise only as a subfossil from the southern peninsula, B. bolabatuensis. The taxonomic identity of the individuals from central, eastern and southeastern Sulawesi was left undecided. Until further studies have brought clarity all individuals occurring on Sulawesi, Muna, Buton and Lembeh are treated as Babyrousa celebensis.   A large taxonomic study based on skull and tooth morphology as well as molecular genetic analyses is close to completion.

" 2462,Granulomelon squamulosum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Granulomelon,squamulosum,,,,,"(Tate, 1894)",This species has recently been transferred from Basedowena to Granulomelon based on molecular phylogenetic evidence (Criscione & Köhler 2016). 2534,Balanus aquila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,SESSILIA,BALANIDAE,Balanus,aquila,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1907", 2548,Banksula melones,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PHALANGODIDAE,Banksula,melones,,,,,"Briggs, 1974", 2559,Barbouria cubensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,HIPPOLYTIDAE,Barbouria,cubensis,,,,,"(von Martens, 1872)", 2567,Barbus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,meridionalis,,,,,"Risso, 1827", 2575,Luciobarbus comizo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,comizo,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 2576,Barbus euboicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,euboicus,,,,,"Stephanidis, 1950", 2577,Luciobarbus guiraonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,guiraonis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 2578,Barbus haasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,haasi,,,,,"Mertens, 1925", 2580,Luciobarbus microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,microcephalus,,,,,"(Almaça, 1967)", 2582,Barbus prespensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,prespensis,,,,,"Karaman, 1924", 2584,Luciobarbus bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,bocagei,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 2585,Barbus cyclolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,cyclolepis,,,,,"Heckel, 1837", 2587,Luciobarbus graellsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,graellsii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 2588,Barbus peloponnesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,peloponnesius,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1842", 2589,Luciobarbus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,sclateri,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 2590,Luciobarbus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,steindachneri,,,,,"(Almaça, 1967)","Luciobarbus steindachneri exhibits substantial variation in morphological and meristic traits, with some individuals overlapping with congeners in both the Tagus and Guadiana River drainages. Molecular evidence suggests it is not genetically distinct and shares its alleles across genetic clusters, mostly between L. comizo and all other sympatric Luciobarbus species throughout its range. Gante et al. (2015) concluded that L. steindachneri is therefore the local product of introgressive hybridisation between L. comizo and L. bocagei in the Tagus, and L. microcephalus and L. sclateri in the Guadiana, and is an ecotype of hybrid origin adapted to exploit a niche intermediate to that of its parent species." 2591,Barbus tyberinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,tyberinus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1839","There are is evidence that Barbus tyberinus might have a smaller range than previously considered. In the southern part of its the range, two groups of populations have been identified as potentially undescribed species previously included within B. tyberinus (Zaccara et al. 2019a, 2019b)." 2592,Barbus caninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,caninus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1839", 25954,Melanophryniscus moreirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,moreirae,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)","A strangely disjunct population from Óbidos, Pará State, Brazil, was described as a subspecies by Cochran (1948). Bokermann (1967) doubted the correctness of this locality and assumed that the specimens came from Itatiaia. Whatever the case may be, the species does not occur in Pará State; in fact there are no species from this genus in Pará (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 2603,Basilichthys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Basilichthys,australis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928", 2604,Basilichthys microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Basilichthys,microlepidotus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1841)", 2615,Bathanalia howesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Bathanalia,howesi,,,,,"(Moore, 1898)", 2616,Bathanalia straeleni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Bathanalia,straeleni,,,,,"Leloup, 1953", 2637,Batillaria mutata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,BATILLARIDAE,Batillaria,mutata,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1902)", 2647,Batrachoseps simatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,simatus,,,,,"Brame & Murray, 1968", 2648,Batrachoseps stebbinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,stebbinsi,,,,,"Brame and Murray, 1968", 2649,Batrachoseps campi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,campi,,,,,"Marlow, Brode & Wake, 1979", 2650,Batrachoseps relictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,relictus,,,,,"Brame and Murray, 1968", 2664,Afghanodon mustersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Afghanodon,mustersi,,,,,"(Smith, 1940)",This taxon has been moved to the genus Paradactylodon (Zhang et al. 2006). 2666,Paradactylodon gorganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Paradactylodon,gorganensis,,,,,"(Clergue-Gazeau & Thorn, 1979)","Some workers have suggested that Paradactylodon gorganensis might be conspecific with P. persicus (Stöck 1999). However, recent molecular analysis has demonstrated that Paradactylodon gorganensis is a distinct species (Ted Papenfuss pers. comm. September 2008)." 2671,Battus zetides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,zetides,,,,,"(Munroe, 1971)",


2672,Baudinella baudinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Baudinella,baudinensis,,,,,"Smith, 1893", 2673,Bayadera ishigakiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,ishigakiana,,,,,"Asahina, 1964",Appeared on Red Lists prior to 2008 as Bayadera brevicauda ishigakiana. 2680,Beckianum sinistrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Beckianum,sinistrum,,,,,"Martens, 1890", 2681,Beddomeia angulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,angulata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). Populations of a similar species can be found in the same area as Beddomeia angulata and may represent a closely related taxa (Ponder 1996). 2682,Beddomeia averni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,averni,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2683,Beddomeia bellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,bellii,,,,,"Petterd, 1889", 2684,Beddomeia bowryensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,bowryensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2685,Beddomeia briansmithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,briansmithi,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2686,Beddomeia camensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,camensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2687,Beddomeia capensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,capensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2688,Beddomeia fallax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,fallax,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2689,Beddomeia forthensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,forthensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2690,Beddomeia franklandensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,franklandensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993","It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993)." 2691,Beddomeia fromensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,fromensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2692,Beddomeia fultoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,fultoni,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2693,Beddomeia gibba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,gibba,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2694,Beddomeia hallae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,hallae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2696,Beddomeia hullii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,hullii,,,,,"Petterd, 1889", 2697,Beddomeia inflata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,inflata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2698,Beddomeia kershawi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,kershawi,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2699,Beddomeia kessneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,kessneri,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2700,Beddomeia krybetes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,krybetes,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2701,Beddomeia launcestonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,launcestonensis,,,,,"Johnston, 1879", 2702,Beddomeia lodderae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,lodderae,,,,,"Petterd, 1889",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2703,Beddomeia mesibovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,mesibovi,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2704,Beddomeia minima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,minima,,,,,"Petterd, 1889","It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). Similar taxa found in northeast Tasmania have been confused with this species in the past, and further taxonomic clarification is required (Ponder 1996)." 2705,Beddomeia petterdi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,petterdi,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2706,Beddomeia phasianella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,phasianella,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2707,Beddomeia protuberata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,protuberata,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2708,Beddomeia ronaldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,ronaldi,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2709,Beddomeia salmonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,salmonis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2710,Beddomeia tasmanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,tasmanica,,,,,"Tenison Woods, 1876", 2711,Beddomeia topsiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,topsiae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2712,Beddomeia trochiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,trochiformis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2713,Beddomeia tumida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,tumida,,,,,"Petterd, 1889",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). The order may be Neotaenioglossa (Inland Fisheries Service 2004). 2714,Beddomeia turnerae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,turnerae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2715,Beddomeia waterhouseae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,waterhouseae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993",It is likely that there are more Beddomeia taxa in Tasmania and the Australian state of Victoria than are currently classified (Ponder et al. 1993). 2716,Beddomeia wilmotensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,wilmotensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2717,Beddomeia wiseae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,wiseae,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2718,Beddomeia zeehanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Beddomeia,zeehanensis,,,,,"Ponder & Clark, 1993", 2724,Alzoniella pyrenaica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,pyrenaica,,,,,"(Boeters, 1983)","This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. Further data is required to determine distribution and status of populations, and the relationship between the populations of Alzoniella pyrenaica  and Alzoniella iberopyrenaica." 2725,Belgrandiella austriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,austriana,,,,,"(Radoman, 1975)","This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. Originally, this species was found to be living with another spring snail Graziana lacheineri (Gloer 2002)." 2726,Belgrandiella fuchsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,fuchsi,,,,,"(Boeters, 1970)", 2728,Belgrandiella parreyssii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,parreyssii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)","This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. Shell characters are similar to those of Belgrandiella fuschi Boeters, 1970, B. wawrai  Haase, 1996 and B. mimula Haase, 1996, so distribution records based on shells alone are questionable (Gloer 2002, p. 109), although B. wawrai  Haase, 1996 and B. pelerei  Haase, 1994 are not found in thermal spring sites." 2729,Belgrandiella styriaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,styriaca,,,,,"Stojaspal, 1978",This is one of many small spring-snail species that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 2732,Belgrandiella ganslmayri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,ganslmayri,,,,,"Haase, 1993",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 2733,Belgrandiella intermedia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,intermedia,,,,,"(Boeters, 1970)", 2734,Belgrandiella mimula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,mimula,,,,,"Haase, 1996",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 2735,Belgrandiella pelerei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,pelerei,,,,,"Haase, 1994","

This is one of many small spring-snail species that can be most easily identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. It is close in shell characters to Belgrandiella parreysi, the distribution records based on shells alone are therefore questionable (Gloer 2002).

" 2737,Belgrandiella wawrai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,wawrai,,,,,"Haase, 1996","

One of many small spring-snail species that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system.  It has been confused with Belgrandiella fuschi Boeters, 1970, so distribution records based on shells alone are questionable. 

" 2739,Bellamya contracta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,contracta,,,,,"(Haas, 1934)", 2741,Bellamya crawshayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,crawshayi,,,,,"(Smith, 1893)", 2745,Bellamya leopoldvillensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,leopoldvillensis,,,,,"(Putzeys, 1898)", 2747,Bellamya monardi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,monardi,,,,,"(Haas, 1934)", 2748,Bellamya mweruensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,mweruensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1893)", 2749,Bellamya pagodiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,pagodiformis,,,,,"(Smith, 1893)", 2752,Bellamya rubicunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,rubicunda,,,,,"(von Martens, 1879)", 2754,Belocephalus micanopy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Belocephalus,micanopy,,,,,"Davis, 1914", 2755,Belocephalus sleighti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Belocephalus,sleighti,,,,,"Davis, 1914", 2761,Benthophiloides brauneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophiloides,brauneri,,,,,"Beling & Iljin, 1927", 2765,Bermudalana aruboides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,CIROLANIDAE,Bermudalana,aruboides,,,,,"Bowman & Iliffe, 1983", 2766,Bermudamysis speluncola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,MYSIDA,MYSIDAE,Bermudamysis,speluncola,,,,,"Bacescu & Iliffe, 1986", 2777,Betta simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,simplex,,,,,"Kottelat, 1994", 2806,Binneya notabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Binneya,notabilis,,,,,"Cooper, 1863", 2808,Biomphalaria barthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,barthi,,,,,"Brown, 1973","This is a taxonomically dubious species, the anatomical characters being unknown." 2809,Biomphalaria salinarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,salinarum,,,,,"(Morelet, 1868)","The validity of the species is questionable (Kristensen and Curtis, pers. comm.)" 2812,Bischoffena bischoffensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Bischoffena,bischoffensis,,,,,"(Petterd, 1879)", 2839,Boeckella nyoraensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Boeckella,nyoraensis,,,,,"Searle, 1912", 2840,Boeckella bispinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Boeckella,bispinosa,,,,,"Bayly, 1967", 2841,Boeckella calcaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Boeckella,calcaris,,,,,"(Harding, 1955)", 2842,Boeckella geniculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Boeckella,geniculata,,,,,"Bayly, 1964", 2843,Boeckella shieli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Boeckella,shieli,,,,,"Bayly, 1985", 2847,Bogidiella bermudensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,BOGIDIELLIDAE,Bogidiella,bermudensis,,,,,"(Stock, Sket & Iliffe, 1987)", 2863,Boloria acrocnema,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Boloria,acrocnema,,,,,"Gall & Sperling, 1980", 2865,Bombina bombina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Bombina,bombina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)", 2877,Boninena callistoderma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Boninena,callistoderma,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1900)", 2878,Boninena hiraseana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Boninena,hiraseana,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1902)", 2879,Boninena ogasawarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Boninena,ogasawarae,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1901)", 2880,Boninosuccinea ogasawarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Boninosuccinea,ogasawarae,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1901)", 2881,Boninosuccinea punctulispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Boninosuccinea,punctulispira,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1901)", 2882,Boninthemis insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Boninthemis,insularis,,,,,"(Matsumura, 1913)", 2906,Bothriembryon brazieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,brazieri,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 2907,Bothriembryon glauerti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,glauerti,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 2908,Bothriembryon irvineanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,irvineanus,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 2909,Bothriembryon praecelcus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,praecelcus,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 2910,Bothriembryon spenceri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,spenceri,,,,,"Tate, 1894", 2911,Bothriembryon bradshaweri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,bradshaweri,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 2912,Bothriembryon perobesus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,perobesus,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 2913,Bothriembryon whitleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Bothriembryon,whitleyi,,,,,"Iredale, 1939", 29408,Osteocephalus oophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,oophagus,,,,,"Jungfer and Schiesari, 1995",Motta et al. (2018) on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence divergence suggested that this nominal species may not be distinct from Osteocephalus taurinus. 29416,Ebenavia maintimainty,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ebenavia,maintimainty,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1998", 29419,Hylarana chitwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,chitwanensis,,,,,"(Das, 1998)","According to Oliver et al. (2015), this taxon is likely to be either in Hydrophylax or Indosylvirana, pending genetic sampling." 29425,Ischnocnema paranaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,paranaensis,,,,,"(Langone and Segalla, 1996)", 29431,Xenohyla eugenioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Xenohyla,eugenioi,,,,,"Caramaschi, 1998", 29442,Physalaemus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,maximus,,,,,"Feio, Pombal and Caramaschi, 1999",In the Physalaemus signifer group according to the original publication. In the Physalaemus olfersii group of Nascimento et al. (2005). 29470,Eleutherodactylus tonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,tonyi,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1997", 29471,Eleutherodactylus casparii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,casparii,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 29472,Eleutherodactylus goini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,goini,,,,,"Schwartz, 1960",This species was elevated from subspecies status under Eleutherodactylus planirostris by Estrada and Hedges (1997a). 29482,Iranolacerta zagrosica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iranolacerta,zagrosica,,,,,"(Rastegar-Pouyani and Nilson, 1998)", 29483,Acanthodactylus nilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,nilsoni,,,,,"Rastegar-Pouyani, 1998", 29487,Brachycephalus hermogenesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,hermogenesi,,,,,"(Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998)", 29488,Plethodon ainsworthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,ainsworthi,,,,,"Lazell, 1998","This species was considered a synonym of Plethodon mississippi by Himes and Beckett (2013). It was tentatively resurrected from this synonymy by Pierson et al. (2020). This species is currently recognized as valid, although further taxonomic work is recommended." 2953,Ambastaia sidthimunki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Ambastaia,sidthimunki,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1959)","Yasuhikotakia sidthimunki changed its generic name from Botia which is an Indian subcontinent taxon." 29600,Epigomphus verticicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,verticicornis,,,,,"Calvert, 1908",The specific epithet was incorrectly spelt in the 1996 Red List as verticornis according to the Odonata Specialist Group. 29602,Pseudagrion camerunense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,camerunense,,,,,"(Karsch, 1899)",See Dijkstra (2003) about the synonymy of Pseudagrion angelicum. 29603,Perigomphus pallidistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Perigomphus,pallidistylus,,,,,"(Belle, 1972)",Originally described under Diaphlebia. A monotypic genus. 29609,Sebastolobus alascanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastolobus,alascanus,,,,,"Bean, 1890", 2961,Brachygalaxias bullocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Brachygalaxias,bullocki,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 29610,Drymaeus acervatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Drymaeus,acervatus,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1857",The generic name for this was misspelt in the 1996 Red List as Orymaeus. 29611,Aylacostoma guaraniticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Aylacostoma,guaraniticum,,,,,"Hylton-Scot, 1953", 29612,Aylacostoma chloroticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Aylacostoma,chloroticum,,,,,"Hylton-Scot, 1953", 29613,Aylacostoma stigmaticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Aylacostoma,stigmaticum,,,,,"Hylton-Scot, 1953", 29614,Pseudohelenoconcha spurca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Pseudohelenoconcha,spurca,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1844)","In the 1996 Red List this was mistakenly entered as Pseudocampylaea spurca, instead of Pseudohelenoconcha spurca. P. dianae, P. laetissima and P. persoluta were also entered incorrectly, plus these should have been placed into synonymy under Pseudohelenoconcha spurca." 29615,Tomigerus gibberulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Tomigerus,gibberulus,,,,,"(Burrow, 1815)",In the 1996 Red List this was incorrectly listed as Tornigenus gibberulus ssp. Digerus. The generic name was misspelt and the ssp. given was in fact the subgeneric name. It is still considered a valid species. 29616,Tomigerus turbinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Tomigerus,turbinatus,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1845)",In the 1996 Red List this was incorrectly listed as Tornigenus turbinatus ssp. Biolocus. The generic name was misspelt and the ssp. given was in fact the subgeneric name. 29617,Rhabdotakra canestrinii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Rhabdotakra,canestrinii,,,,,"(Adami, 1876)","According to Alzona (1971), Cochlostoma insubricum Pini, 1877 and C. canestrinianum Adami, 1886 are synonyms of this species.
" 29618,Pseudomulleria dalyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,ETHERIIDAE,Pseudomulleria,dalyi,,,,,"(Smith, 1898)","This species is described as Mulleria dalyi. Subba Rao (1989) refers to this as Acostaea (Pseudomulleria) dalyii." 2962,Brachygalaxias gothei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Brachygalaxias,gothei,,,,,"Busse, 1983","This species was synonymized with B. bullocki by Berra et al. (1995), but later Cuevas et al. (1999) declared it as a valid species based on a karyotypic analysis." 29626,Antrobia breweri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Antrobia,breweri,,,,,"Hershler & F.G. Thompson, 1990","This taxon appeared twice in the 1996 Red List, the generic name was incorrectly spelt as Antrorbis in the threatened list, and the correct name was listed incorrectly in List 7 Part II as Not Evaluated. Antrorbis breweri must now be recorded as Antrobia breweri in List 1: Threatened Species of the Red List, with a Red List Category of VU B1+2C. Also, the record of Antrobia breweri (Not Evaluated) from List 7 in the 1996 Red List must be removed. The record of Antrorbis breweri (VU B1+2C) is now recorded as a synonym of Antrobia breweri (VU B1+2C)." 2995,Brachythemis fuscopalliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachythemis,fuscopalliata,,,,,"(Selys, 1887)", 3048,Branchinecta sandiegonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,BRANCHINECTIDAE,Branchinecta,sandiegonensis,,,,,"Fugate, 1993", 3041,Branchinecta gigas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,BRANCHINECTIDAE,Branchinecta,gigas,,,,,"Lynch, 1937", 3049,Branchinella apophysata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,THAMNOCEPHALIDAE,Branchinella,apophysata,,,,,"Linder, 1941", 3043,Branchinecta belki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,BRANCHINECTIDAE,Branchinecta,belki,,,,,"Maeda-Martinez, Obregón-Barboza & Dumont, 1992", 3044,Branchinecta mexicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,BRANCHINECTIDAE,Branchinecta,mexicana,,,,,"Maeda-Martínez, Obregón-Barboza & Dumont, 1993", 3045,Branchinecta conservatio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,BRANCHINECTIDAE,Branchinecta,conservatio,,,,,"Eng, Belk & Eriksen, 1990", 3046,Branchinecta longiantenna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,BRANCHINECTIDAE,Branchinecta,longiantenna,,,,,"Eng, Belk & Eriksen, 1990", 3047,Branchinecta lynchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,BRANCHINECTIDAE,Branchinecta,lynchi,,,,,"Eng, Belk & Eriksen, 1990", 3050,Branchinella basispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,THAMNOCEPHALIDAE,Branchinella,basispina,,,,,"Geddes, 1981", 3051,Branchinella denticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,THAMNOCEPHALIDAE,Branchinella,denticulata,,,,,"Linder, 1941", 3052,Branchinella simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,THAMNOCEPHALIDAE,Branchinella,simplex,,,,,"Barnard, 1924", 3053,Branchinella wellardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,THAMNOCEPHALIDAE,Branchinella,wellardi,,,,,"Milner, 1929", 3054,Branchinella alachua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,THAMNOCEPHALIDAE,Branchinella,alachua,,,,,"Dexter, 1953", 3055,Branchinella lithaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,THAMNOCEPHALIDAE,Branchinella,lithaca,,,,,"(Creaser, 1940)", 3066,Brazieria obesa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Brazieria,obesa,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 3068,Brennania belkini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,TABANIDAE,Brennania,belkini,,,,,"Philip, 1966", 3062,Brazieria entomostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Brazieria,entomostoma,,,,,"Hombron and Jacquinot, no date", 3063,Brazieria erasa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Brazieria,erasa,,,,,"H.B. Baker, 1941", 3064,Brazieria lutaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Brazieria,lutaria,,,,,"(Baker, 1941)", 3065,Brazieria minuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Brazieria,minuscula,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 3067,Brazieria velata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Brazieria,velata,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 3160,Budorcas taxicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Budorcas,taxicolor,,,,,"Hodgson, 1850","Neas and Hoffmann (1987) recognized four subspecies: B. t. bedfordi, B. t. taxicolor, B. t. tibetana, and B. t. whitei. This taxonomy seems to be accepted by both western (Grubb 2005) and Chinese scientists (Wang et al. 1997, Zheng et al. 2003). In a recent analysis of the mtDNA control region, Li et al. (2003) identified three clades that corresponded generally with the three Chinese subspecies sampled." 3166,Buffetia retinaculum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Buffetia,retinaculum,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 3169,Anaxyrus exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,exsul,,,,,"(Myers, 1942)","Molecular data suggest that this species might be conspecific with Anaxyrus canorus, but this requires further investigation (Shaffer et al. 2000)." 3170,Anaxyrus houstonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,houstonensis,,,,,"(Sanders, 1953)", 3180,Anaxyrus canorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,canorus,,,,,"(Camp, 1916)","Molecular data suggest that Anaxyrus exsul is possibly conspecific with this species, however, this requires further investigation (Shaffer et al. 2000)." 3181,Anaxyrus nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,nelsoni,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1893)", 3286,Bulimulus blombergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,blombergi,,,,,"N. Ohdner, no date", 3288,Bulimulus cavagnaroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,cavagnaroi,,,,,"(Smith, 1972)", 3282,Bulimulus adelphus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,adelphus,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)","Some authors treat the name Naesiotus as subgeneric status for this species, occasionally given as generic name. This treatment follows previously listing for Galapagos species, which followed Coppois (1985)." 3289,Bulimulus darwini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,darwini,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1846)", 3283,Bulimulus akamatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,akamatus,,,,,"Dall, 1917", 3284,Bulimulus alethorhytidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,alethorhytidus,,,,,"Dall, 1917", 3285,Bulimulus amastroides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,amastroides,,,,,"(Ancey, 1887)", 3287,Bulimulus calvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,calvus,,,,,"Sowerby, 1833", 3290,Bulimulus eos,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,eos,,,,,"(Odhner, 1951)", 3296,Bulimulus nux,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,nux,,,,,"(Broderip, 1832)", 3291,Bulimulus eschariferus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,eschariferus,,,,,"(Ancey, 1887)", 3298,Bulimulus reibischi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,reibischi,,,,,"(Dall, 1895)", 3292,Bulimulus hirsutus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,hirsutus,,,,,"(Vagvolgyi, 1977)", 3299,Bulimulus rugiferus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,rugiferus,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1833)", 3293,Bulimulus jacobi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,jacobi,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1833)", 3294,Bulimulus lycodus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,lycodus,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 3295,Bulimulus nesioticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,nesioticus,,,,,"(Dall, 1896)", 3297,Bulimulus ochsneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,ochsneri,,,,,"Dall, 1917", 3300,Bulimulus saeronius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,saeronius,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 3301,Bulimulus sculpturatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,sculpturatus,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1846)",Synonym = Naesiotus sculpturatus. 3308,Bulimulus unifasciatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,unifasciatus,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1833)", 3309,Bulimulus ustulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,ustulatus,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1833)",Synonym = Naesiotus ustulatus. 3307,Bulimulus tanneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,tanneri,,,,,"(Dall, 1895)", 3310,Bulimulus wolfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,wolfi,,,,,"(Reibisch, 1892)",Synonym = Naesiotus wolfi. 3316,Bulinus crystallinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,crystallinus,,,,,"(Morelet, 1868)", 3311,Bulinus barthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,barthi,,,,,"Jelnes, 1979", 3319,Bulinus octaploidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,octaploidus,,,,,"Burch, 1972",The spelling of the specific name may be octoploidus. 3314,Bulinus canescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,canescens,,,,,"(Morelet, 1868)",Better knowledge of the anatomy of snails from the type locality is needed for a better understanding of this taxon (Brown 1994). 3317,Bulinus hexaploidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,hexaploidus,,,,,"Burch, 1972",Can not morphologically be separated from B. octoploidus. 3324,Bullockia maldonadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Bullockia,maldonadoi,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1920)", 3338,Burmagomphus sivalikensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,sivalikensis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1922", 3339,Burramys parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,BURRAMYIDAE,Burramys,parvus,,,,,"Broom, 1896", 3386,Bythinella pupoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,pupoides,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1869)","Given the taxonomic complexity of the genus Bythinella (see for example Bernasconi 2000; Falkner et al. 2002) and the results of recent molecular analyses (Bichain et al. 2007 ; Benke et al. 2009), most of the described species are taxonomically doubtful and in need of taxonomic revision. However, B. pupoides is considered as valid species in Switzerland and, despite the taxonomic doubts, is not of conservation concern." 3385,Bythinella carinulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,carinulata,,,,,"(Drouet, 1868)","Considered as a valid species following molecular analyses by Benke et al. (2009)." 3387,Bythinella reyniesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,reyniesii,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1851)","This species is known from the Pyrennees, and has a range that extends from the central Pyrennees through to Ariege and Aude. Currently this group is undergoing taxonomic review (Bichain 2007, Prie pers. comm 2009), and as such there is a possibility that the taxonomic status may change leading to changes in the conservation status." 3390,Bythinella badensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,badensis,,,,,"Boeters, 1981","Bythinella badensis was recognised by Geyer in the Black Forest in 1907. During recent taxonomic reviews, at first Boeters placed Bythinella badensis in synonym of Bythinella dunkeri, but more recently, after revisiting the type locality at ""Falkau, meadow ditch on the Haslach"" he revised his opinion and maintained both as distinct species (Boeters 1981, Falkner and Niederhof 2008). Animals from the type locality were included in Klemm's analysis of Bythinella dunkeri, B. badensis and B. bavarica (Klemm 1988, Falkner and Niederhof 2008)." 3396,Bythinella padiraci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,padiraci,,,,,"Locard, 1903","This is a valid species, confirmed by molecular analysis (Bichain et al. 2007)." 3391,Bythinella bavarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,bavarica,,,,,"Clessin, 1877","This species is one of many small Hydrobids that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system, however these species are in urgent need of a review incorporating conchological, anatomical and molecular characters in order to understand the relationships with other taxa (Haase et al. 2007)." 3398,Bythiospeum bressanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,bressanum,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1985","This species  lies within one of the groups of subterranean snails that need researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits.  Bernasconi described B. bressanum diaphanoides, a taxon that exhibits an anatomy similar to B. bressanum, but has a shell similar to B. diaphanum. Falkner et al. (2002) raised B. b. diaphanoides to the species level.  

A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.


" 3392,Bythinella compressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,compressa,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1857)","This species is one of many small hydrobids that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system, however these species are in urgent need of a review incorporating conchological characters, anatomical characters and molecular characters in order to understand the relationships with other taxa. According to Bichain et al. (2007), these populations in the north-eastern specimens listed as Bythinella compressa should now be classified with Bythinella reynesii, and as such is part of a species that is more widespread, however in Germany, at present it is still considered a valid species." 3399,Bythiospeum diaphanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,diaphanum,,,,,"(Michaud, 1831)","Several subspecies have been described in the south of France by Girardi (2002, 2003, 2009a,b; Girardi and Bertrand 2009). However, Bertrand (2004) considered that, in the state-of-the-art, B. diaphanum (sensu stricto) is limited to the southern parts of the Jura in eastern France. The genus Bythiospeum requires a global taxonomic revision.

Three of the eight former (Prié 2010) subspecies are retained within B. diaphanum (MolluscaBase 2022);
  • B. diaphanum luberonense Girardi, 2009 (Bythiospée du Luberon; Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)
  • B. diaphanum meyrarguense Girardi, 2009 (Bythiospée de Meyrargues; Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)
  • B. diaphanum regalonense Girardi, 2009 (Bythiospée du Régalon; Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur).

Whilst five former subspecies (Prié 2010) are now returned to their original species rank (MolluscaBase 2022);
  • B. diaphanum alpillense Girardi, 2009 accepted as Bythiospeum alpillense Girardi, 2009
  • B. diaphanum fernetense Girardi, 2009 accepted as Bythiospeum fernetense Girardi, 2009
  • B. diaphanum michaellensis  Girardi, 2002 accepted as Bythiospeum michaellense Girardi, 2002
  • B. diaphanum montbrunense Girardi, 2009 accepted as Bythiospeum montbrunense Girardi & Bertrand, 2009
  • B. diaphanum sarriansense Girardi, 2009 accepted as Bythiospeum sarriansense Girardi, 2009

Only the nominate subspecies Bythiospeum diaphanum diaphanum is being considered in this assessment, as the other subspecies are taxonomically doubtful and might not belong to this species." 3393,Bythinella cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,cylindrica,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1856)",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 3394,Bythinella dunkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,dunkeri,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1857)","This species was reviewed by Benke et al. (2009), and found to be one of a series of species clusters, Clade IV, which they placed with B. bicarinata. Some populations listed as cf. dunkeri, on shell morphology were placed in Clade III. This differs slightly from Bichain et al. (2007) analysis of mtDNA COI and nDNA ITS1 sequence data showed that the ""typical"" two-keeled Bythinella bicarinata are actually part of a clade widespread in central to north-eastern France and nearby regions. Consequently, Bythinella dunkeri as well as 3 other range restricted species in France (Bythinella lalindei, Bythinella moulinsii and Bythinella pujolensis) were provisionally treated as junior synonyms of Bythinella bicarinata.

Given that Benke et al. (2009) have a population in one clade that was different to the population placed in the B. bicarinata clade, then data should be reviewed from all subpopulations before the species is fully synonymised, as these are further from the other subpopulations geographically and being most distinct morphologically from the keeled populations, so they may be kept as subspecies." 3397,Bythiospeum articense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,articense,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1985", 3400,Bythiospeum garnieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,garnieri,,,,,"(Sayn, 1889)",This species  lies within one of the groups of subterranean snails that need researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group. 3406,Bythiospeum noricum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,noricum,,,,,"(Fuchs, 1929)","

This species lies within one of the groups of Hydrobids that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis of group. This species has been placed in the genus Paladilhiopsis and Paladilhia.

" 3401,Bythiospeum acicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,acicula,,,,,"(Hartmann, 1821)","This species is close to Bythiospeum heldii and may require anatomical data to be certain of the identity (Glöer 2002).

This species  lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group.


" 3408,Bythiospeum reisalpense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,reisalpense,,,,,"(Reischütz, 1983)","

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group.

" 3402,Bythiospeum alpinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,alpinum,,,,,"Bernasconi, 1988","

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status. The species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for the full analysis for the group.

" 3409,Bythiospeum sandbergeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,sandbergeri,,,,,"(Flach, 1886)","Most of the synonyms of Bythiospeum sandbergeri, have now been segregated as distinct species since 2005, and as such, the nature of this species for a conservation assessment requires a further review. It is still listed by Fauna Europaea, so presumed to be a valid species, after the other taxa have been removed from the species concept." 3403,Bythiospeum cisterciensorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,cisterciensorum,,,,,"Reischütz, 1983","

This species lies within one of the groups of Hydrobid snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group.

" 3404,Bythiospeum elseri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,elseri,,,,,"(Fuchs, 1929)","

This species lies within one of the groups of freshwater snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group.

" 3405,Bythiospeum geyeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,geyeri,,,,,"(Fuchs, 1925)","

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group. 

" 3407,Bythiospeum quenstedti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,quenstedti,,,,,"(Wiedersheim, 1873)","

There are currently 4 subspecies listed for this species; quenstedti (Wiedersheim 1873), ara (Geyer, 1905), turbinella (Geyer, 1905) and weinlandi (Geyer, 1904).

Glöer and Zettler (2005) noted that in Germany nearly 70 different ""species"" were originally described, which were reduced by Bolling (1965) to 3 species, so for some periods there was little recording. In this problematic genus, they continued to list those species and subspecies on CLECOM (Check List of European Continental Mollusca), but noting that as long as we adhere solely to the shells there will be no progress. A revision of this genus is urgently needed and in Stuttgart, research with DNA analysis is ongoing for this problem.

A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group using Falkner and Niederhöfer (2008), however unless there is indicated active specific species survey data, some species listed as or Extinct or Possibly Extinct have been placed into threatened categories.

" 3410,Bythiospeum pfeifferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,pfeifferi,,,,,"(Clessin, 1890)","

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic  status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group. 

" 3411,Bythiospeum tschapecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,tschapecki,,,,,"(Clessin, 1882)","

This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status and the species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology, pending the results of the full analysis for the group.

" 3438,Caconemobius howarthi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Caconemobius,howarthi,,,,,"Gurney & Rentz, 1978", 3439,Caconemobius schauinslandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Caconemobius,schauinslandi,,,,,"(Alfken, 1901)", 3446,Caecidotea barri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ASELLIDAE,Caecidotea,barri,,,,,"(Steeves, 1965)", 3440,Caconemobius varius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Caconemobius,varius,,,,,"Gurney & Rentz, 1978", 3448,Caecidotea nickajackensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ASELLIDAE,Caecidotea,nickajackensis,,,,,"Packard, 1881", 3442,Cacosternum poyntoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,poyntoni,,,,,"Lambiris, 1988",This species is apparently an aberrant melanistic colour form of Cacosternum nanum (Scott in press). 3449,Caecobarbus geertsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Caecobarbus,geertsii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1921", 3447,Caecidotea macropoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ASELLIDAE,Caecidotea,macropoda,,,,,"Chase & Blair, 1937", 3451,Caecorhamdella brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Caecorhamdella,brasiliensis,,,,,"Borodin, 1927",According to Eschmeyer the species Caecorhamdella brasiliensis is a valid name but also a synonym of Pimelodella kronei. Specific name corrected from brasilensis to brasiliensis. 3512,Calamoecia australica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Calamoecia,australica,,,,,"Sars, 1908", 3513,Calamoecia elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Calamoecia,elongata,,,,,"Bayly, 1979", 3514,Calamoecia zeidleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Calamoecia,zeidleri,,,,,"Bayly, 1984", 3520,Calconiscellus gotscheensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,TRICHONISCIDAE,Calconiscellus,gotscheensis,,,,,"Verhoeff, 1927", 3522,Caldwellia imperfecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Caldwellia,imperfecta,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1863)", 3523,Caldwellia philyrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Caldwellia,philyrina,,,,,"Morelet, 1851", 3565,Callionymus sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Fricke, 1983", 3628,Calopteryx syriaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,syriaca,,,,,"Rambur, 1842","This taxon is regarded as a subspecies of splendens Harris, 1782 by several authors (Schmidt 1938, 1954; Buchholtz 1955; Rueppell et al. 2005; Kalkman 2006). Calopteryx syriaca is an endemic of the southern Levant (Schneider 1986, Dumont 1991) and overlaps in its northernmost range with Calopteryx hyalina Martin, 1909. In their area of sympatry both taxa exhibit 'character displacement', which is another reason to give them full specific rank (Schneider 1986)." 3669,Cambarellus blacki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,blacki,,,,,Hobbs 1980, 3670,Cambarellus diminutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,diminutus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1945", 3676,Cambarus extraneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,extraneus,,,,,"Hagen, 1870", 3671,Cambarellus lesliei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarellus,lesliei,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Laning, 1976", 3678,Cambarus zophonastes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,zophonastes,,,,,"Hobbs & Bedinger, 1964", 3672,Cambarus batchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,batchi,,,,,"Schuster, 1976", 3679,Cambarus deweesae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,deweesae,,,,,"Bouchard & Etnier, 1979", 3673,Cambarus bouchardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,bouchardi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1970", 3674,Cambarus catagius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,catagius,,,,,"Hobbs and Perkins, 1967", 3677,Cambarus obeyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,obeyensis,,,,,"Hobbs & Shoup, 1947", 3680,Cambarus pristinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,pristinus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1965", 3686,Cambarus unestami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,unestami,,,,,"Hobbs & Hall, 1969", 3681,Cambarus pyronotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,pyronotus,,,,,"Bouchard, 1978", 3688,Cambarus aculabrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,aculabrum,,,,,"Hobbs & Brown, 1987", 3682,Cambarus subterraneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,subterraneus,,,,,"Hobbs III, 1993","This species is allopatric with Cambarus aculabrum and C. setosus. It was originally identified as C. setosus." 3689,Cambarus chaugaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,chaugaensis,,,,,"Prins & Hobbs, 1969", 3683,Cambarus tartarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,tartarus,,,,,"Hobbs & Cooper, 1972", 3684,Cambarus williami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,williami,,,,,"Bouchard & Bouchard, 1995", 3685,Cambarus truncatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,truncatus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3690,Cambarus coosawattae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,coosawattae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3696,Cambarus harti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,harti,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3691,Cambarus cryptodytes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,cryptodytes,,,,,"Hobbs, 1941", 3698,Cambarus howardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,howardi,,,,,"Hobbs and Hall, 1969","Populations of this species in North and South Carolina have tentatively been identified as this species, but further taxonomic study is necessary before a final determination is made on the identification of these populations (J. Cooper, pers. comm. 2006)." 3692,Cambarus cymatilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,cymatilis,,,,,"Hobbs, 1970", 3699,Cambarus miltus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,miltus,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1978", 3693,Cambarus elkensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,elkensis,,,,,"Jezerinac & Stocker, 1993", 3694,Cambarus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,fasciatus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3695,Cambarus georgiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,georgiae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3697,Cambarus hiwasseensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,hiwasseensis,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3700,Cambarus nerterius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,nerterius,,,,,"Hobbs, 1964", 3706,Cambarus strigosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,strigosus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3701,Cambarus parrishi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,parrishi,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3708,Campellolebias brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Campellolebias,brucei,,,,,"Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra de Soriano, 1974", 3702,Cambarus reburrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,reburrus,,,,,"Prins, 1968", 3709,Campeloma decampi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Campeloma,decampi,,,,,"(W. G. Binney, 1865)", 3703,Cambarus scotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,scotti,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3704,Cambarus speciosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,speciosus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1981", 3705,Cambarus spicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,spicatus,,,,,"Hobbs, 1956", 3718,Camponotus universitatis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Camponotus,universitatis,,,,,"Forel, 1890", 3719,Campsicnemus mirabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Campsicnemus,mirabilis,,,,,"(Grimshaw, 1902)", 3714,Campolaemus perexilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Campolaemus,perexilis,,,,,"Smith, 1892", 3720,Camptoceras hirasei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Camptoceras,hirasei,,,,,"Walker, 1919", 3721,Culmenella rezvoji,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Culmenella,rezvoji,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1929)", 3739,Xeroplexa setubalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeroplexa,setubalensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)","Gittenberger (1985) after anatomical examination of two specimens of Xeroplexa setubalensis (type species of Xeroplexa, Monterosato1892) from the locus typicus noted that it corresponded to Candidula (Kobelt 1871), so Xeroplexa must be considered a junior synonymn of Candidula." 3748,Canis simensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,simensis,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840", 3766,Canthocamptus echinopyge,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Canthocamptus,echinopyge,,,,,"Hamond, 1987", 3768,Canthocamptus mammillifurca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Canthocamptus,mammillifurca,,,,,"Hamond, 1987", 3769,Canthocamptus sublaevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Canthocamptus,sublaevis,,,,,"Hamond, 1987", 3765,Canthocamptus dedeckkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Canthocamptus,dedeckkeri,,,,,"Hamond, 1987", 3767,Canthocamptus longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Canthocamptus,longipes,,,,,"Hamond, 1987", 3770,Canthocamptus tasmaniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Canthocamptus,tasmaniae,,,,,"Chappuis, 1951", 3771,Canthocamptus campaneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Canthocamptus,campaneri,,,,,"Reid, 1993", 3810,Capricornis swinhoei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capricornis,swinhoei,,,,,"Gray, 1862","There has been disagreement in the current taxonomy of Naemorhedus and Capricornis (Groves and Grubb 1985, Soma et al. 1987, Groves and Shields 1996) and is in need of revision. Recent genetic evidences have supported that Capricornis swinhoei is a distinct species from Capricornis crispus (Chang 2002, Min et al. 2004).

Taxonomy of serows is not completely resolved; descriptions, range maps, and assessments of conservation status in the literature vary because sources differ on nomenclature and specific/subspecific status of the various taxa. Here, we follow the taxonomy of Wilson and Reeder, 3rd edition (2005). Thus, we recognize six species of Capricornis:

• C. crispus (Japanese Serow, restricted to Japan)
• C. milneedwardsii (Chinese Serow, but also occurring in southeast Asian countries)
• C. rubidus (Red Serow, restricted to Myanmar)
• C. sumatraensis (Sumatran Serow, in Indonesia, Malaysia and southern Thailand)
• C. swinhoei (Formosan Serow, restricted to Taiwan, Province of China)
• C. thar (Himalayan Serow, along the Himalayan range)

The genus Naemorhedus is recognized as referring to gorals. Note that this taxonomy differs from that of Wilson and Reeder, 2nd edition (1993), that of the 2007 IUCN Red List (IUCN 2007), as well as that adopted by the IUCN Caprinae Specialist Group (Shackleton 1997). Additionally, most Chinese sources consider serows in China as being N. sumatraensis (e.g., Wang 1998, Wang 2002)." 3846,Carabus olympiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Carabus,olympiae,,,,,"Sella, 1855", 3842,Capromys pilorides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Capromys,pilorides,,,,,"(Say, 1822)", 3849,Carassius carassius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carassius,carassius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 3845,Carabus intricatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Carabus,intricatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1761", 3856,Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MEROSTOMATA,XIPHOSURA,LIMULIDAE,Carcinoscorpius,rotundicauda,,,,,"(Latreille, 1802)", 3857,Cardiocondyla zoserka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Cardiocondyla,zoserka,,,,,"Bolton, 1982", 3878,Carelia cumingiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,cumingiana,,,,,Newcomb, 3879,Carelia dolei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,dolei,,,,,Newcomb, 3875,Carelia anceophila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,anceophila,,,,,Newcomb, 3876,Carelia bicolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,bicolor,,,,,Newcomb, 3877,Carelia cochlea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,cochlea,,,,,Newcomb, 3880,Carelia evelynae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,evelynae,,,,,Newcomb, 3886,Carelia lymani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,lymani,,,,,Newcomb, 3881,Carelia glossema,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,glossema,,,,,Newcomb, 3888,Carelia necra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,necra,,,,,Newcomb, 3882,Carelia hyattiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,hyattiana,,,,,Newcomb, 3889,Carelia olivacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,olivacea,,,,,Newcomb, 3883,Carelia kalalauensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,kalalauensis,,,,,Newcomb, 3884,Carelia knudseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,knudseni,,,,,Newcomb, 3885,Carelia lirata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,lirata,,,,,Newcomb, 3887,Carelia mirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,mirabilis,,,,,Newcomb, 3890,Carelia paradoxa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,paradoxa,,,,,Newcomb, 3896,Carelia turricula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,turricula,,,,,Newcomb, 3891,Carelia periscelis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,periscelis,,,,,Newcomb, 3892,Carelia pilsbryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,pilsbryi,,,,,Newcomb, 3893,Carelia sinclairi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,sinclairi,,,,,Newcomb, 3895,Carelia tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Carelia,tenebrosa,,,,,Newcomb, 3900,Carinotrachia carsoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Carinotrachia,carsoniana,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 3901,Carinurella paradoxa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Carinurella,paradoxa,,,,,"(Sket, 1964)", 39263,Eurycea robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,robusta,,,,,"(Longley, 1978)",This species is a member of the Typhlomolge clade of central Texan Eurycea species (Hillis et al. 2001). There is some question as to whether or not it is distinct from E. rathbuni. 39262,Eurycea rathbuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,rathbuni,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1897)",This species is a member of the Typhlomolge clade of central Texas Eurycea (Hillis et al. 2001). 39288,Oxynoemacheilus bureschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,bureschi,,,,,"(Drensky, 1928)", 39292,Brycon acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,acuminatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Norris, 1900)",Following Eschmeyer (2004) Catabasis acuminatus was transferred to Brycon acuminatus. 39272,Pachychilon macedonicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pachychilon,macedonicum,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1892)","This species appeared in the 1996 Red List as Data Deficient but under the incorrectly spelt name of Pachychilon macedonicus. It was also listed as LR/nt in the 1996 Red List under the name Rutilus macedonicus, but following Kottelat (1997) this should be placed under Pachychilon. The latter was assumed to be an incorrect listing." 39273,Phoxinellus alepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinellus,alepidotus,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 39274,Telestes croaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,croaticus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 39276,Delminichthys ghetaldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Delminichthys,ghetaldii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)", 39277,Telestes metohiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,metohiensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1901)",Following Eschmeyer (2004) Paraphoxinus metohiensis was transferred to Phoxinellus metohiensis. 39280,Delminichthys adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Delminichthys,adspersus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 39302,Anthias regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Anthias,regalis,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1981","Attention RLU: Please change the genus from Anthias to Nemanthias and the taxonomic authority from Randall & Lubbock, 1981 to (Randall & Lubbock 1981). Reference is the Catalog of Fishes. C. Linardich 23February2022 

This species was previously placed in the genera Anthias and Pseudanthias. " 39304,Serranus dewegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,dewegeri,,,,,"Metzelaar, 1919", 39312,Aglaothorax longipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aglaothorax,longipennis,,,,,"Rentz & Weissman, 1981","Following J. Marshall (Natural History Museum, London) Neduba longipennis was transferred to Aglaothorax longipennis." 39313,Euconocephalus remotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Euconocephalus,remotus,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)","Following J. Marshall (Natural History Museum, London) Conocephaloides remotus was transferred to Euconocephalus remotus." 39400,Raja microocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,microocellata,,,,,"Montagu, 1818","There is some potential for confusion with regards the common names of this species. In some areas, Smalleyed Ray may be called Painted Ray or Sandy Ray, though these common names are also used for undulate ray Raja undulata and Leucoraja circularis respectively." 39402,Potamotrygon henlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,henlei,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)","The Henle’s Freshwater Stingray taxonomic status has been recently reviewed Carvalho (2016) in comparison to P. rex and P. leopoldi and considered a valid species.
OLD TEXTSometimes misidentified with P. leopoldi or P. motoro. Needs correct identification and reliable diagnosis in order to control the ornamental fish trade in Amazonas, Pará and Tocantins States." 39403,Potamotrygon leopoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,leopoldi,,,,,"Castex & Castello, 1970","The species dark dorsal background with white spots that vary in shape and size is similar to that of Henle's Freshwater Stingray (Potamotrygon henlei) and Tapajós Freshwater Stingray (P. albimaculata) (Last et al. 2016, P. Charvet pers. obs. 2021). Some juvenile dorsal colors might resemble and sometimes are mistaken in the aquarium trade as Henle's and Tapajós Freshwater Stingray (Charvet-Almeida 2006)." 39404,Potamotrygon motoro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,motoro,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)", 39484,Pieris cheiranthi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pieris,cheiranthi,,,,,"(Hübner, 1808)", 39485,Gonepteryx maderensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Gonepteryx,maderensis,,,,,"Felder, 1862", 39486,Lycaena ottomana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lycaena,ottomana,,,,,"(Lefèbvre, 1830)", 39488,Kretania trappi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Kretania,trappi,,,,,"(Verity, 1927)", 39490,Polyommatus dama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,dama,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1892)", 39491,Erebia christi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,christi,,,,,"Rätzer, 1890", 39492,Erebia sudetica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,sudetica,,,,,"Staudinger, 1861", 39494,Hipparchia maderensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,maderensis,,,,,"(Bethune-Baker, 1891)", 39419,Onychodactylus fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,fischeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1886)", 39497,Pseudochazara euxina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,euxina,,,,,"(Kuznetsov, 1909)", 39421,Bufo verrucosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,verrucosissimus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)","This has previously been considered a subspecies of Bufo bufo, then Borkin (1987) was the first of many to suggest it should be elevated to species status which was finally confirmed by Arntzen et al. (2013). Three subspecies are currently recognized: B.v. verrucosissimus Pallas 1814; B.v. circassicus Orlov and Tuniyev 1989; and B.v. turowi Krasovsky 1933." 39422,Pelodytes caucasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODYTIDAE,Pelodytes,caucasicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 39481,Pyrgus cirsii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,cirsii,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)", 39482,Zerynthia caucasica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Zerynthia,caucasica,,,,,"(Lederer, 1864)",Should be Allancastria (Bollini and Racheli 2012). 39483,Pieris wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pieris,wollastoni,,,,,"(Butler, 1886)","This species is considered as a subspecies of Pieris brassicae by some authors." 39548,Indotestudo travancorica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Indotestudo,travancorica,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)",This species was originally described from the Western Ghats of India; more recently it was synonymized with I. forstenii but has since been resurrected as a full species (Pritchard 2000). 3990,Caseolus calculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,calculus,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1854)", 3996,Caseolus hartungi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,hartungi,,,,,"(Albers, 1852)", 3998,Caseolus subcalliferus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,subcalliferus,,,,,"(Reeve, 1854)",Synonym = Caseolus sphaerula Lowe. 3993,Caseolus abjectus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,abjectus,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 3994,Caseolus commixtus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,commixtus,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1854)", 39942,Inflectarius magazinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Inflectarius,magazinensis,,,,,"(Pilsbury & Ferris, 1907)","Variously cited as a species, subspecies of Cryptomastix mullani, or synonym of Cryptomastix sanburni. The problem was not effectively addressed in the literature until recently. Was listed in 1996 under the name Mesodon magazinenses." 3995,Caseolus consors,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,consors,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 3997,Caseolus leptostictus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Caseolus,leptostictus,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 40061,Boucardicus curvifolius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,curvifolius,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonyms = Boucardicus n. sp. 21, Emberton, 1996; Boucardicus sp. 4, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40063,Boucardicus victorhernandezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,victorhernandezi,,,,,"Emberton, 1998","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 5, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton 1997; Emberton et al. 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40065,Boucardicus divei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,divei,,,,,"Fischer-Piette, Blanc, Blanc & Salvat, 1993","Synonym = Boucardicus sp.7, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40064,Boucardicus albocinctus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,albocinctus,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1893","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 6 Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997, Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40066,Boucardicus culminans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,culminans,,,,,"Fischer-Piette, Blanc, Blanc & Salvat, 1993","Synonym = Boucardicus sp.8, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., in press. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40067,Boucardicus tridentatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,tridentatus,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 9, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., in press. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40077,Melanopsis etrusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,etrusca,,,,,"Brot, 1862","Neiber et al. (2020) undertook a genetic assessment of the remaining known subpopulations of the species and found a differentiation into a western, a central and an eastern group of subpopulations, which is largely consistent with a pattern of isolation-by-distance." 40078,Malarinia calcopercula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Malarinia,calcopercula,,,,,"Emberton, 1994","Synonyms = Hainesia crocea (Sowerby, 1847); Malarinia sp. 1, Emberton et al. 1996, Emberton 1997. Genus Malarinia Haas, 1961. Formerly placed in the genus Hainesia Pfeiffer, 1856." 40079,Omphalotropis vohimenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,vohimenae,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Omphalotropis sp. 1, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997." 40081,Omphalotropis sp. nov. 2,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,sp. nov. 2,,,,,,"Omphalotropis sp.  2 (Emberton et al. 1996, Emberton 1997) was described as Omphalotropis costulata by Emberton and Pearce (1999). However, this was later realised to be a homonym of the Fijian species Omphalotropis costulata (Mousson, 1870). Therefore the species has been renamed Omphalotropis sp. nov. 2 for the IUCN Red List until a new name is published." 40083,Natalina beyrichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Natalina,beyrichi,,,,,"(Von Martens, 1890)", 40084,Natalina wesseliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Natalina,wesseliana,,,,,"Kobelt, 1876", 40085,Chlamydephorus dimidius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHLAMYDEPHORIDAE,Chlamydephorus,dimidius,,,,,"(Watson, 1915)", 40086,Chlamydephorus burnupi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHLAMYDEPHORIDAE,Chlamydephorus,burnupi,,,,,"(Smith, 1892)", 40088,Chlamydephorus purcelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHLAMYDEPHORIDAE,Chlamydephorus,purcelli,,,,,"(Collinge, 1901)", 4002,Castalia martensi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Castalia,martensi,,,,,"Thewing, 1891", 40091,Pachnodus velutinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Pachnodus,velutinus,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1841)", 40093,Chondrina oligodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,oligodonta,,,,,"(Del Prete, 1879)", 40095,Ichnusomunda sacchii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ichnusomunda,sacchii,,,,,"Giusti & Manganelli, 1998", 40096,Xerosecta giustii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,giustii,,,,,"Manganelli & Favilli, 1996","The species is cited as Xerosecta sp. in the Italian check-list." 40097,Ciliellopsis oglasae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Ciliellopsis,oglasae,,,,,"Giusti & Manganelli, 1990", 40098,Falkneria camerani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Falkneria,camerani,,,,,"Giusti & Manganelli, 1990","This species has also been known under the name Drepanostoma camerani (Lessona, 1880)." 40099,Cornu mazzullii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cornu,mazzullii,,,,,"(De Cristofori & Jan, 1832)","Personal observations by Falkner and Beckmann suggest that the populations are isolated and often exhibit marked morphological differences. These might indicate that the species is polytypic, or even contains cryptic species." 40043,Disculella spirulina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Disculella,spirulina,,,,,"(T. Cockerell, 1921)",This species is also known as Ochthephila spirulina not Disculella (amendation by Walden 1983). 40045,Amnicola cora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Amnicola,cora,,,,,"Hubricht, 1979","Closely related to A. styrgis, Perry County, Missouri." 40046,Clappia umbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Clappia,umbilicata,,,,,"(Walker, 1904)", 40047,Pyrgulopsis avernalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,avernalis,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1935)", 40048,Pyrgulopsis nevadensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,nevadensis,,,,,"(Stearns, 1833)", 40049,Taylorconcha serpenticola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Taylorconcha,serpenticola,,,,,"Herschler, Frest, Johannes, Bowler & Thompson, 1994", 40050,Colligyrus depressus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Colligyrus,depressus,,,,,"Herschler, 1999", 40051,Pyrgulopsis aloba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,aloba,,,,,"Hershler, 1999", 40052,Pyrgulopsis giuliani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,giuliani,,,,,"Hershler & Pratt, 1990", 40053,Somatogyrus alcoviensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Somatogyrus,alcoviensis,,,,,"Krieger, 1915", 40054,Gulella amboniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,amboniensis,,,,,"Tattersfield, 1998", 40055,Ptychotrema mazumbiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Ptychotrema,mazumbiensis,,,,,"Tattersfield, 1999", 40058,Boucardicus esetrae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,esetrae,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonyms = Boucardicus n. sp. 19, Emberton, 1966; Boucardicus sp. 1, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al. 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40059,Boucardicus antiquus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,antiquus,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonyms = Boucardicus n. sp. 17, Emberton, 1996; Boucardicus sp. 2, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40060,Boucardicus delicatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,delicatus,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 3, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40068,Boucardicus rakotoarisoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,rakotoarisoni,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonyms = Boucardicus n. sp. 27, Emberton, 1996; Boucardicus sp. 10, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40069,Boucardicus simplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,simplex,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 11, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40070,Boucardicus fortistriatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,fortistriatus,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 12, Emberton et al., 1996, Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40071,Boucardicus mahermanae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,mahermanae,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 13, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40072,Boucardicus carylae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,carylae,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 14, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40073,Boucardicus magnilobatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,magnilobatus,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonyms = Boucardicus n. sp. 27, Emberton, 1996; Boucardicus sp. 15, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40074,Boucardicus fidimananai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,fidimananai,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Boucardicus sp. 16, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40075,Boucardicus randalanai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Boucardicus,randalanai,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonyms = Boucardicus n. sp. 28, in Emberton, 1996; Boucardicus sp. 17, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997; Emberton et al., 1999. Genus Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 is a new synonym of Madecataulus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965." 40076,Cyathopoma randalana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyathopoma,randalana,,,,,"Emberton & Pearce, 1999","Synonym = Cyathopoma sp. 1, Emberton et al., 1996; Emberton, 1997. Genus Cyathopoma W. & H. Blanford, 1861." 40100,Elimia gibbera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,gibbera,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1922)", 40101,Elimia lachryma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,lachryma,,,,,"(Reeve, 1861)",Also treated under the genus Goniobasis. 40102,Elimia macglameriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,macglameriana,,,,,"(Goodrich, 1936)", 40106,Pyrgulopsis cruciglans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,cruciglans,,,,,"Hershler, 1998", 4014,Cataglyphis hannae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Cataglyphis,hannae,,,,,"Agosti, 1994", 4043,Catostomus conchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,conchos,,,,,"Meek, 1902", 40540,Sarcophilus harrisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sarcophilus,harrisii,,,,,"(Boitard, 1841)","Sarcophilus laniarius has also been used recently in light of comparisons between a fossil specimen, S. laniarius (named prior to the naming of S. harrisii), and the extant species (Werdelin 1987)." 40690,Gambelia sila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Gambelia,sila,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1890)","Gambelia sila was previously placed in the genus Crotaphytus. Except in recent literature, the spelling of the specific name usually has been given as ""silus"". See Jennings (1995) for an explanation of the spelling change. An isolated population of putative hybrid (G. sila x G. wislizenii) origin has been reported in the Cuyama River drainage system southwest of the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley; apparently hybrids are no longer extant, as a result of habitat loss and local extirpation (Jennings 1995)." 40617,Crocidura aleksandrisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,aleksandrisi,,,,,"Vesmanis, 1977",This is an old lineage within the suavolens group (Dubey et al. 2007). 4062,Odontesthes mauleanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Odontesthes,mauleanum,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1896)", 40698,Misgurnus fossilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Misgurnus,fossilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 40699,Onychostoma alticorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,alticorpus,,,,,"(Oshima, 1920)", 40701,Turcichondrostoma fahirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Turcichondrostoma,fahirae,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)",The subpecies is treated by some authors as a good species under the genus Pseudophoxinus. 40703,Garra andruzzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,andruzzii,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1924", 40705,Rutilus meidingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,meidingeri,,,,,"(Heckel, 1851)","Molecular studies strongly suggest, that R. meidingeri is very closely related or conspecific with R. frisii. As the morphological characters distinguishing both species have not been reviewed to test the hypothesis, R. meidingeri is continued to be treated as a valid species." 40712,Silurus aristotelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,aristotelis,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1857)",Note correction to spelling of the generic name from Siluris to Silurus. 40792,Elgaria panamintina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,panamintina,,,,,"(Stebbins, 1958)",Elgaria panamintina was formerly included in the genus Gerrhonotus (see Good 1988). 40713,Silurus glanis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,glanis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 40716,Cookeconcha contorta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Cookeconcha,contorta,,,,,"(Ferussac, 1825)","This was down as Cookeconcha sp. in the 1996 Red List. It was in fact intended as a generic listing for a large number of Hawaiian endemics which probably all went extinct in the 1930s as a result of habitat destruction. There have been no recent surveys to confirm any of these. The name of one species is inserted here for the present, rather than having it listed as sp. But the missing species need to be added to the Red List." 40717,Endodonta apiculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Endodonta,apiculata,,,,,"(Ancey, 1889)","Was included in the 1996 Red List as Endodonta sp. - meant to be a generic listing. All the species, need to be included, but only this one is included here for now as an example. They are probably all Extinct. The missing species need to be added to the Red List." 40718,Pyrenaearia cotiellae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Pyrenaearia,cotiellae,,,,,"Fagot, 1906",The generic name was incorrectly spelt in the 1996 Red List as Pyrenaeania. 40726,Pentagenia robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,EPHEMEROPTERA,EPHEMERIDAE,Pentagenia,robusta,,,,,"McDunnough, 1926",Note correction to scientific spelling of Pantagenia to Pentagenia. 40729,Acanthomyops murphii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Acanthomyops,murphii,,,,,"(Forel, 1901)", 40730,Epimyrma adlerzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,adlerzi,,,,,"Douwes, Jessen & Buschinger, 1988", 40731,Harpgoxenus zaisanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Harpgoxenus,zaisanicus,,,,,"Pisarski, 1963", 40732,Monomorium noualhieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Monomorium,noualhieri,,,,,"(Emery, 1895)", 40733,Pheidole oculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Pheidole,oculata,,,,,"(Emery, 1899)",Orthographic error in specific name in the 1996 Red List (was in as 'oculta'). Generic name Parapheidole is a synonym of Pheidole. 40734,Rossomyrmex minuchae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Rossomyrmex,minuchae,,,,,"Tinaut, 1981", 40735,Strongylognathus caeciliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Strongylognathus,caeciliae,,,,,"Forel, 1897", 40737,Appalachia arcana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Appalachia,arcana,,,,,"Hubbell & Cantrall, 1938", 40738,Stenobothrus eurasius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,eurasius,,,,,"Zubovskii, 1898","The southern subpopulations (from Greece and Macedonia) belonging to the subspecies Stenobothrus eurasius macedonicus are likely to represent a unique species (D. Chobanov pers. comm. 2015) or a subspecies of S. croaticus and are therefore ignored here. In addition, the status of S. eurasius hyalosuperficies needs to be studied (V. Savitsky and V. Vedenina pers. comm. 2015)." 40740,Tetrix sierrana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tetrix,sierrana,,,,,"Rehn & Grant, 1956", 40741,Banza nihoa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Banza,nihoa,,,,,"Hebard, 1926", 40743,Gammarus acherondytes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,GAMMARIDAE,Gammarus,acherondytes,,,,,"Hubricht & Mackin, 1940", 40757,Eximacris superbum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eximacris,superbum,,,,,"(Hebard, 1937)",Was in the 1996 IUCN Red List as Spharagemon superbum. Was accidentally spelt as Eximacxris in the 2001-2002 IUCN Red Lists. 4090,Cecilioides nyctelia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,nyctelia,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1856)", 41065,Rhinella marina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,marina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Rhinella marina is generally considered to be a complex of several species. 41066,Litoria alboguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,alboguttata,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41068,Litoria brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,brevipes,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41067,Litoria australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,australis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41069,Litoria cryptotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,cryptotis,,,,,"(Tyler and Martin, 1977)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41070,Litoria cultripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,cultripes,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018).

Old records of this species from Exmouth and inland Western Australia are almost certainly Cyclorana maini, and were identified before the description of C. maini (D. Roberts pers. comm. 2016)." 41081,Litoria burrowsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,burrowsi,,,,,"(Scott, 1942)","The ending of this name was emended from burrowsi to burrowsae by Shea (1988) to reflect the gender of the person for which the species was named, as stipulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The original description proposed the name ending in ‘-i' (indicating a male), whereas the species was named after a female. We follow Article 32.5.1 of the Code in emending the name." 41082,Litoria caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,caerulea,,,,,"(White, 1790)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2006) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012). This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41083,Litoria chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,chloris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41084,Litoria citropa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,citropa,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)","We follow Cogger et al. (1983) in considering Litoria jenolanensis to be a synonym of this species.

We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41085,Litoria coplandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,coplandi,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)", 41086,Litoria cyclorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,cyclorhyncha,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Frost et al. (2006) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018).

This species is genetically identical to Litoria moorei, a claim supported by data from 24 allozyme loci (Cale 1991), immunological comparisons of albumin (Roberts and Maxson 1988) and comparisons of mt DNA markers (ND4 sequences, Burns and Crayn 2006).  Synonomy with L. moorei is justified despite pattern differences (D. Roberts pers. comm. 2016), but has not yet been confirmed." 41087,Litoria dahlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,dahlii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41088,Litoria electrica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,electrica,,,,,"Ingram and Corben, 1990", 41089,Litoria eucnemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,eucnemis,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1900)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2006) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012). This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41090,Litoria ewingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,ewingii,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)", 41092,Litoria gilleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,gilleni,,,,,"Spencer, 1896","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41093,Litoria gracilenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,gracilenta,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 41094,Litoria inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,inermis,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 41096,Litoria latopalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,latopalmata,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 41097,Litoria longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,longirostris,,,,,"Tyler and Davies, 1977", 41098,Litoria meiriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,meiriana,,,,,"(Tyler, 1969)", 41099,Litoria microbelos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,microbelos,,,,,"(Cogger, 1966)", 41027,Graecoanatolica macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,macedonica,,,,,"Radoman & Stanovic, 1978", 41028,Litoria andiirrmalin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,andiirrmalin,,,,,"McDonald, 1997","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41029,Litoria booroolongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,booroolongensis,,,,,"(Moore, 1961)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41031,Litoria cavernicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,cavernicola,,,,,"Tyler and Davies, 1979","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41032,Litoria cooloolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,cooloolensis,,,,,"Liem, 1974","The Minjerriba population is genetically distinct from the northern populations but there is limited morphological or call divergence, so it is questionable whether or not this is considered species level divergence (H. Hines pers. comm. April 2021)." 41033,Litoria freycineti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,freycineti,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838", 41034,Litoria genimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,genimaculata,,,,,"(Horst, 1883)","In New Guinea this ""species"" includes several undescribed taxa (S. Richards pers. comm.) but until the systematics of the Group is addressed they are treated here as a single taxon. We follow Hoskin (2007) in separating some of the frogs from the Kuranda area of Queensland, Australia, previously assigned to this species, as Litoria myola. Hoskin (2007) also noted that <L. genimaculata occurs as two distinct lineages (northern and southern) that meet near Cairns." 41035,Litoria jervisiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,jervisiensis,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)", 41036,Litoria littlejohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,littlejohni,,,,,"White, Whitford & Mahoney, 1994","There has been some taxonomic confusion regarding this species until recent years. It was formerly included within Litoria jervisiensis, but was separated by White et al. (1994)." 41037,Litoria olongburensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,olongburensis,,,,,"Liem and Ingram, 1977", 41038,Litoria subglandulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,subglandulosa,,,,,"Tyler and Anstis, 1983","Litoria daviesae was separated from L. subglandulosa by Mahony et al. (2001).

We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41039,Cophixalus mcdonaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,mcdonaldi,,,,,"Zweifel, 1985", 41040,Cophixalus neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,neglectus,,,,,"Zweifel, 1962", 41041,Cophixalus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,saxatilis,,,,,"Zweifel and Parker, 1977", 41042,Cophixalus peninsularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,peninsularis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1985","Hoskin (2004) suggested that Cophixalus peninsularis may be a synonym of C. crepitans, but recommended that further field work and taxonomic research is needed to confirm this." 41043,Cophixalus zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,zweifeli,,,,,"Davies and McDonald, 1998", 41044,Crinia sloanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,sloanei,,,,,"Littlejohn, 1958", 41045,Crinia tinnula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,tinnula,,,,,"Straughan & Main, 1966", 41046,Heleioporus australiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Heleioporus,australiacus,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1795)","The northern and southern populations could comprise different species (Penman et al. 2004, Hunter et al. 2018), but this requires further taxonomic research." 41047,Notaden weigeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Notaden,weigeli,,,,,"Shea and Johnston, 1987", 41048,Pseudophryne covacevichae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,covacevichae,,,,,"Ingram and Corben, 1994","Zozaya and Hoskin (2015) discuss the taxonomic status of this species relative to Pseudophryne major, and recommend a phylogenetic analysis be done to resolve whether or not it may be a synonym of this wide ranging species." 41049,Pseudophryne douglasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,douglasi,,,,,"Main, 1964", 41050,Pseudophryne pengilleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,pengilleyi,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 41051,Pseudophryne semimarmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,semimarmorata,,,,,"Lucas, 1892", 41052,Spicospina flammocaerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Spicospina,flammocaerulea,,,,,"Roberts, Horwitz, Wardell-Johnson, Maxson and Mahony, 1997", 41053,Uperoleia arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,arenicola,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41054,Uperoleia aspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,aspera,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41055,Uperoleia borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,borealis,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41056,Uperoleia crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,crassa,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41057,Uperoleia martini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,martini,,,,,"Davies and Littlejohn, 1986", 41058,Uperoleia micromeles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,micromeles,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41059,Uperoleia minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,minima,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41060,Uperoleia mjobergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,mjobergii,,,,,"(Andersson, 1913)", 41061,Uperoleia talpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,talpa,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41062,Uperoleia trachyderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,trachyderma,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41063,Uperoleia tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,tyleri,,,,,"Davies and Littlejohn, 1986", 41071,Litoria longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,longipes,,,,,"(Tyler and Martin, 1977)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41072,Litoria maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,maculosa,,,,,"(Tyler and Martin, 1977)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41073,Litoria maini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,maini,,,,,"(Tyler and Martin, 1977)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41074,Litoria manya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,manya,,,,,"(van Beurden and McDonald, 1980)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41075,Litoria novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41076,Cyclorana platycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Cyclorana,platycephala,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 41077,Litoria vagitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,vagitus,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41078,Litoria verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,verrucosa,,,,,"(Tyler and Martin, 1977)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41079,Litoria adelaidensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,adelaidensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 41080,Litoria bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,bicolor,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)",The taxonomic status of the New Guinea populations referred to Litoria bicolor requires confirmation based on call structure or genetics (S. Richards pers. comm.). 41171,Myobatrachus gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Myobatrachus,gouldii,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 41100,Litoria moorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,moorei,,,,,"(Copland, 1957)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41172,Neobatrachus albipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,albipes,,,,,"Roberts, Mahony, Kendrick and Majors, 1991", 41101,Litoria nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,nasuta,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 41174,Neobatrachus centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,centralis,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)",Roberts (1997) suggested that this species is a synonym of Neobatrachus sudelli. 41102,Litoria nigrofrenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,nigrofrenata,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 41173,Neobatrachus aquilonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,aquilonius,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41103,Litoria pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,pallida,,,,,"Davies, Martin and Watson, 1983", 41175,Neobatrachus fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,fulvus,,,,,"Mahony and Roberts, 1986", 41104,Litoria paraewingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,paraewingi,,,,,"Watson, Loftus-Hills and Littlejohn, 1971", 41176,Neobatrachus kunapalari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,kunapalari,,,,,"Mahony and Roberts, 1986", 41105,Litoria peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,peronii,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)", 41187,Pseudophryne dendyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,dendyi,,,,,"Lucas, 1892", 41106,Litoria personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,personata,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1978", 41188,Pseudophryne guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 41107,Litoria phyllochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,phyllochroa,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)","We follow Donnellan et al. (1999) and Mahony et al. (2001) in treating Litoria nudidigita as a species distinct from L. phyllochroa. Donnellan et al. (1999) show that even after the removal of L. nudidigita, L. phyllochroa comprises a number of lineages which might constitute separate species.

We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41189,Pseudophryne major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,major,,,,,"Parker, 1940","Pseudophryne covacevichae was split from this species based on differences in colouration and breeding season (Ingram and Corben 1994). Now with the help of genetics as well as range extensions for both species and other information, Zozaya and Hoskin (2015) have questioned whether Pseudophryne covacevichae warrants separate species status. However, they recommend further phylogenetic analysis to provide clarity before any taxonomic changes are made." 41108,Litoria revelata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,revelata,,,,,"Ingram, Corben & Hosmer, 1982","Litoria corbeni was considered a synonym of this species by Ingram et al. 1982. This arrangement is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018) and is followed here pending further taxonomic research." 41190,Pseudophryne occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,occidentalis,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 41109,Litoria rothii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,rothii,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)", 41191,Uperoleia altissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,altissima,,,,,"Davies, Watson, McDonald, Trenerry & Werren, 1993", 41110,Litoria rubella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,rubella,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 41192,Uperoleia capitulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,capitulata,,,,,"Davies, McDonald and Corben, 1986", 41111,Litoria splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,splendida,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1977","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41193,Uperoleia fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,fusca,,,,,"Davies, McDonald and Corben, 1986", 41112,Litoria tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,tornieri,,,,,"(Nieden, 1923)", 41194,Uperoleia glandulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,glandulosa,,,,,"Davies, Mahony and Robert, 1985",Taxonomic revision of this species has increased its range and preferred habitats (Catullo et al. 2011) 41195,Uperoleia inundata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,inundata,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981", 41196,Uperoleia laevigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,laevigata,,,,,"Keferstein, 1867", 41115,Litoria watjulumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,watjulumensis,,,,,"(Copland, 1957)",The specific name is sometimes spelled wotjulumensis. 41197,Uperoleia lithomoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,lithomoda,,,,,"Tyler, Davies and Martin, 1981","According to Tyler et al. (1981), the identity of the animals in New Guinea is Uperoleia lithomoda. However, vocal data are needed to confirm whether or not the animals belong to this species or to U. mimula." 41116,Litoria xanthomera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,xanthomera,,,,,"Davies, McDonald and Adams, 1986","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 41198,Uperoleia littlejohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,littlejohni,,,,,"Davies, McDonald and Corben, 1986",This species was redefined by Davies et al. (1992). 41117,Cophixalus bombiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,bombiens,,,,,"Zweifel, 1985", 41199,Uperoleia mimula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,mimula,,,,,"Davies, McDonald and Corben, 1986", 41118,Cophixalus concinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,concinnus,,,,,"Tyler, 1979", 41119,Cophixalus crepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,crepitans,,,,,"Zweifel, 1985", 41120,Cophixalus exiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,exiguus,,,,,"Zweifel and Parker, 1969", 41121,Cophixalus hosmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,hosmeri,,,,,"Zweifel, 1985", 41122,Cophixalus infacetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,infacetus,,,,,"Zweifel, 1985", 41123,Cophixalus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,ornatus,,,,,"(Fry, 1912)", 41129,Arenophryne rotunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Arenophryne,rotunda,,,,,"Tyler, 1976", 41130,Assa darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Assa,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1933)", 41132,Crinia bilingua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,bilingua,,,,,"(Martin, Tyler and Davies, 1980)", 41133,Crinia deserticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,deserticola,,,,,"(Liem and Ingram, 1977)", 41134,Crinia georgiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,georgiana,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838", 41135,Crinia glauerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,glauerti,,,,,"Loveridge, 1933", 41136,Crinia insignifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,insignifera,,,,,"Moore, 1954", 41137,Crinia parinsignifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,parinsignifera,,,,,"Main, 1957", 41138,Crinia pseudinsignifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,pseudinsignifera,,,,,"Main, 1957", 41139,Crinia remota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,remota,,,,,"(Tyler and Parker, 1974)", 41140,Crinia riparia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,riparia,,,,,"Littlejohn & Martin, 1965", 41141,Crinia signifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,signifera,,,,,"Girard, 1853", 41142,Crinia subinsignifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,subinsignifera,,,,,"Littlejohn, 1957", 41143,Crinia tasmaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,tasmaniensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 41144,Geocrinia laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Geocrinia,laevis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 41145,Geocrinia leai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Geocrinia,leai,,,,,"(Fletcher, 1898)", 41146,Geocrinia lutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Geocrinia,lutea,,,,,"(Main, 1963)", 41147,Geocrinia rosea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Geocrinia,rosea,,,,,"(Harrison, 1927)", 41148,Geocrinia victoriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Geocrinia,victoriana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 41149,Heleioporus barycragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Heleioporus,barycragus,,,,,"Lee, 1967", 41150,Heleioporus eyrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Heleioporus,eyrei,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 41151,Heleioporus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Heleioporus,inornatus,,,,,"Lee and Main, 1954", 41152,Heleioporus psammophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Heleioporus,psammophilus,,,,,"Lee and Main, 1954", 41156,Limnodynastes convexiusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,convexiusculus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1878)", 41157,Limnodynastes depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,depressus,,,,,"Tyler, 1976", 41158,Limnodynastes dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 41159,Limnodynastes dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,dumerilii,,,,,"Peters, 1863","Martin (1972) split this species from L. dorsalis in south-western Australia and revived several subspecies of L. dumerilii - L.d. dumerili, L.d. insularis, L.d. grayi and L.d. fryi. The subspecies reflect spatial variation in body pattern and shape which is not always supported by clear differences in male call. The status of L.d. dumerili, L.d. variegatus, L.d. insularis and L.d. fryi are also supported by mt DNA sequence data (Schauble et al. 2000). However, data in Schauble et al. (2000) suggest that L.d. grayi is more closely related to L. terrareginae than to any L. dumerilii subspecies suggesting the taxonomy is in need of revision (J.D. Roberts pers. comm. 2016)." 41160,Limnodynastes fletcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,fletcheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888", 41161,Limnodynastes interioris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,interioris,,,,,"Fry, 1913", 41162,Platyplectrum ornatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Platyplectrum,ornatum,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 41163,Limnodynastes peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,peronii,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)", 41164,Limnodynastes salmini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,salmini,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867", 41165,Platyplectrum spenceri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Platyplectrum,spenceri,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)", 41166,Limnodynastes tasmaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,tasmaniensis,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 41167,Limnodynastes terraereginae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,terraereginae,,,,,"Fry, 1915", 41169,Metacrinia nichollsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Metacrinia,nichollsi,,,,,"Harrison, 1927", 41170,Mixophyes schevilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,schevilli,,,,,"Loveridge, 1933",Mahony et al. (2006) separated Mixophyes carbinensis and M. coggeri from this species. 41177,Neobatrachus pelobatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,pelobatoides,,,,,"(Werner, 1914)", 41178,Neobatrachus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,pictus,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 41179,Neobatrachus sudelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,sudelli,,,,,"Lamb, 1911", 41180,Neobatrachus sutor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,sutor,,,,,"Main, 1957", 41181,Neobatrachus wilsmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Neobatrachus,wilsmorei,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)", 41182,Notaden bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Notaden,bennettii,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 41183,Notaden melanoscaphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Notaden,melanoscaphus,,,,,"Hosmer, 1962", 41184,Notaden nichollsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Notaden,nichollsi,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 41185,Paracrinia haswelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Paracrinia,haswelli,,,,,"(Fletcher, 1894)", 41186,Pseudophryne coriacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,coriacea,,,,,"Keferstein, 1868", 41200,Uperoleia rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,rugosa,,,,,"(Andersson, 1916)", 41201,Uperoleia russelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Uperoleia,russelli,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1933)","A recent taxonomic revision of this species has restricted this species' range (Catullo et al. 2011). It was previously considered to have a very wide distribution, but Catullo et al. (2011) found that over 70% of museum records actually belong to other Uperoleia species in the arid zone." 41213,Megalobulimus cardosoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Megalobulimus,cardosoi,,,,,"(Morretes, 1952)","Genus and author names were incorrectly spelled as ""Megalolulimus"" and ""Moiretes"" in 1996 and 2000 Red Lists." 41235,Gastrotheca albolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,albolineata,,,,,"(A. Lutz and B. Lutz, 1939)","Sachsse et al. (1999), noted that this species was probably most closely related to Gastrotheca microdiscus, and transferred this species to Gastrotheca from Hyla, where it had been placed in the Hyla albomarginata group by Duellman (1970). This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 41250,Cambarus chasmodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,chasmodactylus,,,,,"James, 1966","
" 41254,Hypolimnus pedderensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Hypolimnus,pedderensis,,,,,"(Jamieson, 1974)",Initially described as Perionychella (Vesiculodrilus) pedderensis by Jamieson (1974). Taxonomy revised by Blakenmore in 1996. 41321,Crocidura grandiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,grandiceps,,,,,"Hutterer, 1983",Genetic analysis has identified Crocidura grandiceps forms a sister complex with Crocidura buettikoferi and C. theresae (Jacquet et al. 2012). Genetic analysis of historic samples has indicated misidentification between this species and C. wimmeri (Vogel et al. 2014). 4134,Cephalaeschna acutifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,acutifrons,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)","
" 41502,Galeopterus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DERMOPTERA,CYNOCEPHALIDAE,Galeopterus,variegatus,,,,,"(Audebert, 1799)","Generally the generic name Cynocephalus is used, though Groves (2005) use the genus name Galeopterus. There is sometimes confusion between this species and the Giant Flying Squirrel (Boeadi pers. comm.)." 4166,Cerambyx cerdo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Cerambyx,cerdo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","The species status is well accepted, but there was a debate concerning different subspecies. Löbl and Smetana (2010)  listed a number of described subspecies and species synonyms, but regarded all of them as C. cerdo cerdo. The only accepted subspecies C. cerdo mirbeckii is known from Northern Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia). Whether the subspecies C. cerdo mirbeckii is also present on the Iberian Pensinsula is unclear (Vives 2000, Sama 2002)." 41777,Pecari tajacu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TAYASSUIDAE,Pecari,tajacu,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species was placed in family Dicotylidae by Jones et al. (1992) and in Tayassuidae by Grubb (2005). The appropriate generic name has been debated. It was placed in genus Dicotyles by some authors, the genus Pecari by Grubb (1993, 2005), and the genus Tayassu by Jones et al. (1992). MtDNA data support the recognition of three genera of extant peccaries: Catagonus, Pecari, and Tayassu, with this species in the genus Pecari (Theimer and Keim 1998, Gongora and Moran 2005). DNA studies suggest that P. tajacu may consist of at least two major clades or lineages comprising specimens from North/Central and South America (Gongora et al. 2006, 2011) with structural chromosomal differences (Gongora et al. 2000, Adega et al. 2006). Additional studies are needed to clarify whether intra and/or inter-specific genetic and chromosomal variation is occurring within this species." 41982,Dorymyrmex insanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Dorymyrmex,insanus,,,,,"Buckley, 1866","Both Conomyrma medeis and Conomyrma reginicula were in the 1996, 2000 and 2002 Red Lists: Both are synonyms of D. insanus.
Other Synonym = Conomyrma (Biconomyrma) wheeleri." 41983,Crematogaster pilosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Crematogaster,pilosa,,,,,"Emery, 1895", 41984,Formica pratensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,pratensis,,,,,"Retzius, 1783","The Red Wood Ants include species from the Formica rufa group in Eurasia (including F. aquilonia, F. lugubris, F. polyctena, F. pratensis, F. rufa, and F. uralensis) (D. Agosti pers. comm. 1995)." 41985,Leptothorax recedens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Leptothorax,recedens,,,,,"Nylander, 1856", 42188,Dama dama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Dama,dama,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Feldhamer et al. (1988) and Geist (1998) included Dama mesopotamica in this species, though it was regarded as a separate species from D. dama by Haltenorth (1959), Ferguson et al. (1985), Uerpmann (1987), and Harrison and Bates (1991). We follow Pitra et al. (2004) in treating D. mesopotamica as a separate species, based on a major study on the evolution and phylogeny of old world deer." 42392,Erinna newcombi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Erinna,newcombi,,,,,"Adams, 1855","Considered under the genus Lymnaea by Hubendick (1952), but most other researchers support placement under Erinna." 42470,Spermophilus musicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,musicus,,,,,"Ménétries, 1832",Helgen et al. (2009) propose this species to be a subspecies of S. pygmaeus. Kryštufek and Vohralík (2012) consider it to be within S. pygmaeus. 4251,Cerion nanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERIONIDAE,Cerion,nanus,,,,,Maynard, 42684,Macromidia ishidai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,ishidai,,,,,"Asahina, 1964", 42655,Spalax zemni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,zemni,,,,,"Erxleben, 1777", 42843,Pseudagrion newtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,newtoni,,,,,"Pinhey, 1962","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"".

The earlier Cape records (Pinhey 1984) are doubtful and are probably Pseudagrion hageni hageni (Samways 2006)." 4291,Cesonia irvingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Cesonia,irvingi,,,,,"(Mello-Leitão, 1944)", 4299,Ceuthonectes rouchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Ceuthonectes,rouchi,,,,,"Petkovski, 1984", 4360,Chaetodon flavocoronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,flavocoronatus,,,,,"Myers, 1980", 4361,Chaetodon litus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,litus,,,,,"Randall & Caldwell, 1973", 4362,Chaetodon marleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,marleyi,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 4363,Prognathodes obliquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Prognathodes,obliquus,,,,,"(Lubbock & Edwards, 1980)", 4364,Chaetodon robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAETODONTIDAE,Chaetodon,robustus,,,,,"Günther, 1860", 43983,Bulimulus achatellinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,achatellinus,,,,,"(Forbes, 1850)", 43990,Bulimulus adserseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,adserseni,,,,,"(Coppois, 1985)", 43991,Bulimulus albermalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,albermalensis,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)","Some authors treat the name Naesiotus as subgeneric status for this species, occasionally given as generic name. This treatment follows previosuly listing for Gapalapagos species, which followed Coppois (1985)." 43992,Bulimulus chemitzioides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,chemitzioides,,,,,"(Forbes, 1850)",Synonym: Naesiotus chemitzioides 43996,Bulimulus cinerarius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,cinerarius,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 43997,Bulimulus cucullinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,cucullinus,,,,,"(Dall, 1893)", 43998,Bulimulus curtus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,curtus,,,,,"(Reibisch, 1892)", 43999,Bulimulus deridderi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,deridderi,,,,,"(Coppois, 1985)",Synonym = Naesiotus deridderi. 43972,Polyprion americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYPRIONIDAE,Polyprion,americanus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","The degree of genetic separation between Polyprion americanus populations in the Atlantic, and those occurring in the southern Pacific (Australia and New Zealand) is similar to the degree of separation seen between P. americanus and congener P. oxygenios. Given ongoing developments in genetic sequencing, further examination may re-define Polyprion systematics." 44000,Bulimulus duncanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,duncanus,,,,,"(Dall, 1893)",Synonym = Naesiotus duncanus. 4406,Chalepoxenus tarbinskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,tarbinskii,,,,,"(Arnol'di, in Tarbinsky, 1976)", 44001,Bulimulus elaeodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,elaeodes,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 44002,Bulimulus galapaganus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,galapaganus,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1854)",Synonym = Naesiotus galapaganus. 44003,Bulimulus habeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,habeli,,,,,"(Stearns, 1893)", 44004,Bulimulus hemaerodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,hemaerodes,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 44009,Bulimulus hoodensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,hoodensis,,,,,"(Dall, 1893)",Synonym = Naesiotus hoodensis. 44012,Bulimulus indefatigabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,indefatigabilis,,,,,"(Dall, 1900)", 4408,Chalepoxenus tramieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,tramieri,,,,,"Cagniant, 1983", 44013,Bulimulus jervisensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,jervisensis,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)",Synonym = Naesiotus jervisensis. 44014,Bulimulus sp. nov. 'josevillani',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,sp. nov. 'josevillani',,,,,,"Synonym = Naesiotus josevillani. Ref: Coppois, 1985." 44015,Bulimulus sp. nov. 'krameri',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,sp. nov. 'krameri',,,,,,"Synonym = Naesiotus krameri. Ref: Coppois, 1985." 44016,Bulimulus sp. nov. 'nilsodhneri',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,sp. nov. 'nilsodhneri',,,,,,"Synonym = Naesiotus nilsodhneri. Ref: Coppois, 1985." 44017,Bulimulus nucula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,nucula,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1854)", 44018,Bulimulus olla,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,olla,,,,,"(Dall, 1893)", 44019,Bulimulus pallidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,pallidus,,,,,"(Reibisch, 1892)", 4402,Chalepoxenus brunneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,brunneus,,,,,"Cagniant, 1985", 44020,Bulimulus perrus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,perrus,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 44021,Bulimulus perspectivus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,perspectivus,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1846)", 44022,Bulimulus planospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,planospira,,,,,"(Ancey, 1887)", 4409,Chalepoxenus zabelini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,zabelini,,,,,"Radchenko, 1989", 44023,Bulimulus rabidensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,rabidensis,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)",Synonym = Naesiotus rabidensis. 44024,Bulimulus rugatinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,rugatinus,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 44025,Bulimulus rugulosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,rugulosus,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1897)", 44026,Bulimulus simrothi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,simrothi,,,,,"(Reibisch, 1892)", 44027,Bulimulus tortuganus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,tortuganus,,,,,"(Dall, 1893)", 4403,Chalepoxenus muellerianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,muellerianus,,,,,"(Finzi, 1922)", 44030,Bulimulus trogonius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,trogonius,,,,,"(Dall, 1917)", 44031,Bulimulus sp. nov. 'tuideroyi',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,sp. nov. 'tuideroyi',,,,,,"Synonym = Naesiotus tuideroyi. Ref: Coppois, 1985." 44032,Bulimulus sp. nov. 'vanmoli',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Bulimulus,sp. nov. 'vanmoli',,,,,,"Synonym: Naesiotus vanmoli
Ref: Coppois, 1985" 4404,Chalepoxenus kutteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,kutteri,,,,,"Cagniant, 1973", 4405,Chalepoxenus spinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,spinosus,,,,,"(Arnol'di, 1968)", 4407,Chalepoxenus tauricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Chalepoxenus,tauricus,,,,,"Radchenko, 1989", 44180,Ctenosaura alfredschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,alfredschmidti,,,,,"Köhler, 1995", 44182,Ctenosaura defensor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,defensor,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 44190,Ctenosaura oaxacana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,oaxacana,,,,,"Köhler & Hasbún, 2001","Synonyms = Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (in part) sensu Bailey, 1928 and other authors before 2001; Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus (in part)." 44194,Ctenosaura clarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,clarki,,,,,"Bailey, 1928", 44196,Platythelphusa armata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,armata,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1887","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) armata armata. Coulter (1991) treated it as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) armata. The revisions by Cumberlidge (1997, 1999) and Cumberlidge et al. (1999), revived the genus Platythelphusa, and referred this species to Platythelphusa armata. Cumberlidge (1999), Cumberlidge et al. (1999) and Marijnissen et al. (2004) recognised nine species in the genus, all of which are endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This genus was formerly assigned to the Platythelphusidae (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004). It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44197,Platythelphusa conculcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,conculcata,,,,,"Cunnington, 1907","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) armata conculcata. Coulter (1991) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) conculcata. The revisions by Cumberlidge (1997, 1999) and Cumberlidge et al. (1999), revived the genus Platythelphusa, and referred this species to Platythelphusa conculcata. Cumberlidge(1999), Cumberlidge et al. (1999) and Marijnissen et al. (2004) recognised nine species in the genus, all of which are endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This genus was formerly assigned to the Platythelphusidae (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004). It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44198,Platythelphusa echinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,echinata,,,,,"Capart, 1952","Coulter (1991) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) echinata. Cumberlidge (1999), Cumberlidge et al. (1999) and Marijnissen et al. (2004) recognised nine species in the genus, all of which are endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This genus was formerly assigned to the Platythelphusidae (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004). It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44199,Platythelphusa tuberculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,tuberculata,,,,,"Capart, 1952","Coulter (1991) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) tuberculata. This genus was formerly assigned (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004) to the Platythelphusidae. It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44167,Sicyopterus stimpsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,stimpsoni,,,,,"(Gill, 1860)", 44259,Spekia coheni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Spekia,coheni,,,,,"West, 1999", 44260,Bulinus hightoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,hightoni,,,,,"Brown & Wright, 1978", 44200,Potamonautes aloysiisabaudiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,aloysiisabaudiae,,,,,"(Nobili, 1906)","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Lobopotamonautes) aloysiisabaudiae. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) treated it as Potamonautes aloysiisabaudiae and reported on new material from the DR Congo and western Uganda." 44261,Melanoides admirabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,admirabilis,,,,,"(Smith, 1880)", 44233,Coelatura horei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,horei,,,,,"(E.A. Smith, 1880)", 44234,Pseudospatha tanganyicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudospatha,tanganyicensis,,,,,"(E.A. Smith, 1880)", 44235,Pettancylus tanganyicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,tanganyicensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1906)","Note potential for mis-ID with Burnupia caffra, as difference is shell sculpture is subtle." 44237,Cleopatra africana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,africana,,,,,"(Martens, 1878)", 44238,Cleopatra ferruginea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,ferruginea,,,,,"(I. & H. C. Lea, 1850)", 44239,Lavigeria paucicostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Lavigeria,paucicostata,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1888)","The taxonomy of Lavigeria is currently under large-scale revision. Existing taxonomy (Brown 1994) recognizes only two species (L. grandis and L. nassa), however revision (Michel and Todd in prep) will include approximately 43 species. Included here are a few of the name-bearing taxa whose names (from older literature, but not always consistently applied) have been used in relatively recent literature and are included in West et al. (2003). West et al. 2003 includes 20 Lavigeria species, Michel et al. 2004 includes 28 species. Extensive ecological information is available on a number of Lavigeria species, especially in the Kigoma, Tanzania region. (E. Michel, pers. comm.) Lavigera paucicostata is not well defined and past uses of the name are likely to be in error according to current taxonomy." 44240,Reymondia minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Reymondia,minor,,,,,"Smith, 1889", 44241,Bridouxia giraudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Bridouxia,giraudi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1885",The spelling of the generic name was corrected from Bridouxiana to Bridouxia. 44242,Ponsonbya leucoraphe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Ponsonbya,leucoraphe,,,,,"Ancey, 1890",The spelling of the generic name was corrected from Bridouxiana to Bridouxia. 44243,Bridouxia ponsonbyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Bridouxia,ponsonbyi,,,,,"(Smith, 1889)",The spelling of the generic name was corrected from Bridouxiana to Bridouxia. 44244,Bridouxia praeclara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Bridouxia,praeclara,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1885)","Species taxonomic status is not very clear i.e. its differentiation from Broudouxia grandidieriana (Bourguignat 1885) is very difficult." 44245,Bridouxia rotundata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Bridouxia,rotundata,,,,,"(Smith, 1904)",The spelling of the generic name was corrected from Bridouxiana to Bridouxia. 44246,Bridouxia smithiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Bridouxia,smithiana,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1885)",The spelling of the generic name was corrected from Bridouxiana to Bridouxia. 44247,Coelatura ratidota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,ratidota,,,,,"(Charmes, 1885)", 44251,Gabbiella balovalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,balovalensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 44257,Gabbiella rosea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,rosea,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 44258,Lavigeria coronata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Lavigeria,coronata,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1888","The taxonomy of Lavigera is currently under large-scale revision. Existing taxonomy (Brown 1994) recognizes only two species (L. grandis and L. nassa), however revision (Michel and Todd, in prep.) will include approximately 43 species. Included here are a few of the name-bearing taxa whose names (from older literature, but not always consistently applied) have been used in relatively recent literature and are included in West et al. (2003). West et al. 2003 includes 20 Lavigera species, Michel et al. 2004 includes 28 species. Extensive ecological information is available on a number of Lavigera species, especially in the Kigoma, Tanzania region. Lavigera coronata is the largest Lavigera, a very distinctive species and not likely to be confused with congeners (E. Michel, pers. comm.)." 44267,Bulinus mutandensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,mutandensis,,,,,"Preston, 1913","Described as a distinct species by Mandahl-Barth 1960, 1965. It is a lucastrine form of B. truncatus. More information needed on its status, population and endemic status." 44268,Burnupia crassistriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,crassistriata,,,,,"(Preston, 1911)", 44273,Pisidium artifex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,artifex,,,,,"Kuiper, 1960", 44274,Cleopatra exarata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,exarata,,,,,"(Martens, 1878)", 44463,Thalassophryne uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Thalassophryne,uranoscopus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1866)",This species is now considered a synonym of Thalassophryne maculosa (Collette and Greenfield 2009). 44466,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Garassa',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Garassa',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology - was submitted as Bedotia sp. nov. 'Ankarefo' and subsequently changed to Bedotia sp. nov. 'Garassa' on recommendation of Paul Loiselle. 44467,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Bemarivo',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Bemarivo',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44486,Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Sofia',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,sp. nov. 'Sofia',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44487,Pantanodon sp. nov. 'Manombo',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pantanodon,sp. nov. 'Manombo',,,,,,"The placement of Pantanodon is problematic. Based on the most recent studies, it should be placed under Poeciliidae (Parenti 1981, Ghedotti 2000) (J. Sparks pers. comm.).

Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology." 44489,Paratilapia sp. nov. 'Lac Ihotry',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paratilapia,sp. nov. 'Lac Ihotry',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History. 44490,Paratilapia sp. nov. 'Vevembe',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paratilapia,sp. nov. 'Vevembe',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Submitted as Paratilapia sp. nov. 'Vondrozo' and subsequently changed to Paratilapia sp. nov. 'Vevembe' on recommendation of Paul Loiselle. 44491,Paratilapia sp. nov. 'Fiamanga',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paratilapia,sp. nov. 'Fiamanga',,,,,, 44498,Paretroplus sp. nov. 'Dridri mena',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,sp. nov. 'Dridri mena',,,,,,"Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and possibly Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva (needs to be confirmed)." 44460,Ancharius sp. nov. 'Onilahy',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ANCHARIIDAE,Ancharius,sp. nov. 'Onilahy',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44468,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Betampona',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Betampona',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44469,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Lazana',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Lazana',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44470,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Mahanara',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Mahanara',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44471,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Manombo',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Manombo',,,,,,This is an undescribed species with voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44472,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Nosivola',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Nosivola',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44473,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Namorona',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Namorona',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Submitted as Bedotia sp. nov. 'Ranomafana' and subsequently changed to Bedotia sp. nov. 'Namorona' on recommendation of Paul Loiselle. 44474,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Sambava',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Sambava',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 44475,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Ankavia-Ankavanana',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Ankavia-Ankavanana',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History. Submitted as Bedotia sp. nov. 'Antalaha' and subsequently changed to Bedotia sp. nov. 'Ankavia-Ankavanana' on recommendation of Paul Loiselle. 44476,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Makira',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Makira',,,,,,Voucher specimens are held by the American Museum of Natural History. 44477,Bedotia sp. nov. 'Vevembe',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,sp. nov. 'Vevembe',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History and University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 44506,Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Tsiribihina',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,sp. nov. 'Tsiribihina',,,,,,Known only from a single juvenile specimen in the collection of the Museum of Natural History in Paris. 44507,Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Analava',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,sp. nov. 'Analava',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the Department of Animal Science at the University of Antnanarivo. 44509,Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Garaka',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,sp. nov. 'Garaka',,,,,,Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History. 44516,Deckenia imitatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Deckenia,imitatrix,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1868","This genus was formerly assigned to the family Deckeniidae Ortmann, 1897. The genus Deckenia is now assigned to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Deckenini: Deckenina (Cumberlidge et al. 2007). This species was described by Ng et al. (1995) and Reed and Cumberlidge (2006), and its distribution was updated by Marijnissen et al. (2005)." 44517,Deckenia mitis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Deckenia,mitis,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1898","This genus was formerly assigned to the family Deckeniidae Ortmann, 1897. The genus Deckenia is now assigned to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Deckenini: Deckenina (Cumberlidge et al. 2007). This species was described by Ng et al. (1995) and Reed and Cumberlidge (2006), and its distribution was updated by Marijnissen et al. (2005)." 44518,Platythelphusa maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,maculata,,,,,"Cunnington, 1902","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) armata armata. Coulter (1991) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) maculata. Cumberlidge (1999), Cumberlidge et al. (1999) and Marijnissen et al. (2004) recognised nine species in the genus, all of which are endemic to Lake Tanganyika. This genus was formerly assigned to the Platythelphusidae (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004). It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44519,Platythelphusa polita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,polita,,,,,"Capart, 1952","Coulter (1991) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) polita. This genus was formerly assigned (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004) to the Platythelphusidae. It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44593,Potamotrygon schuemacheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,schuemacheri,,,,,"Castex, 1964","The spelling of this species' name presents some variations. The original description contains Potamotrygon schuhmacheri and P. schühmacheri (Castex 1964). Taniuchi (1982) deleted the second ?h? (latinization) and the spelling P. schuemacheri was retained according to the first reviser principle (ICZN, article 32c) (Rosa 1985).

Misidentifications occur with other potamotrygonid species such as P. brachyura and P. histrix (Almeida and Charvet-Almeida, pers. obs.). Some authors suggest that this species could be a junior synonym of P. histrix (Carvalho et al. 2003). However, at present P. schuemacheri is considered a valid species. Further research and collections are needed.


CR-Calcad- different spelling-Valid as Potamotrygon schuhmacheri" 44520,Potamonautes berardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,berardi,,,,,"(Audouin, 1826)","Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) berardi berardi (Audouin, 1826) with one subspecies. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) treated this species as Potamonautes berardi with no subspecies." 44594,Potamotrygon scobina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,scobina,,,,,"Garman, 1913","This species shows a wide range of color variation within juvenile and adult specimens (adults may present up to four completely different color patterns) (Almeida 2003). Misidentifications occur with several other freshwater stingray species, but especially with P. motoro (Rosa 1985), P. castexi and P. signata (Almeida 2003, author's pers. obs.)." 44522,Potamonautes didieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,didieri,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) didieri. It is listed here as Potamonautes didieri. 44525,Potamonautes gonocristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,gonocristatus,,,,,"Bott, 1955","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Lobopotamonautes) perparvus gonocristatus Bott, 1955. It is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes gonocristatus." 44526,Potamonautes idjiwiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,idjiwiensis,,,,,"(Chace, 1942)","Bott (1955) treated this species as a junior synonym of Potamon (Geothelphsua) granviki Colosi, 1924. It is recognised here as Potamonautes idjiwiensis." 44528,Potamonautes ignestii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,ignestii,,,,,"(Parisi, 1923)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) berardi ignestii. Cumberlidge (1998) treated it as the valid species Potamonautes ignestii. 44529,Potamonautes infravallatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,infravallatus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1898)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonutes) infravallatus. Reed and Cumberlidge (2006) referred to this species as Potamonautes infravallatus. 44530,Potamonautes johnstoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,johnstoni,,,,,"(Miers, 1885)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Lirrangapotamonautes) johnstoni johnstoni. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) and Reed and Cumberlidge (2006) referred to this species as Potamonautes johnstoni." 44532,Potamonautes loveridgei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,loveridgei,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1933)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Tripotamonautes) loveridgei. Cumberlidge (1998) and Reed and Cumberlidge (2006) referred to this species as Potamonautes loveridgei. 44534,Potamonautes neumanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,neumanni,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1898)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) neumanni. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) referred to this species as Potamonautes neumanni." 44536,Potamonautes pilosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,pilosus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1898)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) pilosus. Cumberlidge (1997) and Reed and Cumberlidge (2006) referred to this species as Potamonautes pilosus. 44537,Potamonautes platycentron,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,platycentron,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1897)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Lirrangopotamonautes) johnstoni platycentron. 44538,Potamonautes platynotus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,platynotus,,,,,"(Cunnington, 1907)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) platynotus. Cumberlidge (1998) and Cumberlidge et al. (1999), and Reed & Cumberlidge (2006) referred to this species as Potamonautes platynotus." 44539,Potamonautes raybouldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,raybouldi,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Vannini, 2004",Cumberlidge & Vannini (2004) described this interesting species from a number of localities in Tanzania and Kenya. 44540,Potamonautes rukwanzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,rukwanzi,,,,,"Corace, Cumberlidge & Garms, 2001",This species is known from a single report in 2001. 44541,Potamonautes unisulcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,unisulcatus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1921)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Potamonautes) johnstoni unisulcatus. Reed and Cumberlidge (2006) recognised this taxon as the valid species Potamonautes unisulcatus. 44542,Omiodes asaphombra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,asaphombra,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899","

A study of molecular phylogenetics in Omiodes moths, found some evidence that Omiodes asaphrombra may be a variant of O. anastreptoides, based on genetically indistinguishable mitochondrial DNA sequence data (Haines 2011). They do, however, exhibit distinct morphological characteristics, such as wing coloration patterns (Haines 2011). More research is needed. If O. asaphombra and O. anastreptoides are indeed the same species, then the name O. asaphombra would have taxonomic priority. A detailed comparison of the type specimens of O. asaphombra and O. anastreptoides would be necessary to determine whether the two species are distinct.

" 44543,Omiodes continuatalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,continuatalis,,,,,"Wallengren, 1860", 44544,Omiodes epicentra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,epicentra,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 44545,Omiodes euryprora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,euryprora,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 44546,Omiodes fullawayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,fullawayi,,,,,"Swezey, 1913", 44547,Omiodes laysanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,laysanensis,,,,,"Meyrick, 1914", 44548,Omiodes meyricki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,meyricki,,,,,"Swezey, 1907","There is some taxonomic uncertainty regarding this species because adults very closely resemble Omiodes blackburni. The species description is based only on variation in wing colouration and pattern, which may not reflect an actual distinction (Haines pers. comm. 2019)." 44549,Omiodes musicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,musicola,,,,,"Swezey, 1909",

There is no taxonomic uncertainty regarding this species.

44550,Omiodes telegrapha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Omiodes,telegrapha,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 44552,Platythelphusa denticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,denticulata,,,,,"Capart, 1952","Coulter (1991) treated this taxon as Potamonautes (Platythelphusa) denticulata. Cumberlidge et al. (1999) considered this taxon to be a possible junior synonym of P. armata. This taxon was revived by Marijnissen et al. (2004) following the reexaminaton of the type specimen and the collection of more material. This genus was formerly assigned (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004) to the Platythelphusidae. It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44553,Platythelphusa immaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,immaculata,,,,,"Marijnissen, Michel, Cumberlidge & Schram, 2004","This genus was formerly assigned (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004) to the Platythelphusidae. It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44554,Platythelphusa praelongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Platythelphusa,praelongata,,,,,"Marijnissen, Michel, Cumberlidge & Schram, 2004","This genus was formerly assigned (Cumberlidge 1999, Cumberlidge et al. 1999, Marijnissen et al. 2004) to the Platythelphusidae. It was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 44668,Choerodon cauteroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,cauteroma,,,,,"Gomon & Allen, 1987", 44679,Epinephelides armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Epinephelides,armatus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1875)", 44685,Semicossyphus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Semicossyphus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 44622,Opisthostoma dormani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,dormani,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1994", 44623,Opisthostoma perspectivum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,perspectivum,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1994", 44624,Opisthostoma jucundum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,jucundum,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1893", 44625,Opisthostoma mirabile,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,mirabile,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1893", 44626,Opisthostoma simplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,simplex,,,,,"Fulton, 1901", 44627,Opisthostoma bihamulatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,bihamulatum,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1994", 44628,Opisthostoma decrespignyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,decrespignyi,,,,,"(H. Adams, 1865)",Synonyms = Plectostoma decrespignii; Opisthostoma decrespignii. 44629,Opisthostoma inornatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,inornatum,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1994", 44630,Opisthostoma otostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,otostoma,,,,,"Boettger, 1893", 44631,Opisthostoma fraternum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Opisthostoma,fraternum,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1905", 44632,Arinia boreoborneensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Arinia,boreoborneensis,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1996", 44633,Arinia biplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Arinia,biplicata,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1996", 44634,Arinia simplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Arinia,simplex,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1996", 44635,Arinia oviformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Arinia,oviformis,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1996", 44636,Arinia dentifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Arinia,dentifera,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1996", 44637,Arinia streptaxiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Arinia,streptaxiformis,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1996", 44638,Diplommatina madaiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,madaiensis,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1993", 44648,Diplommatina cacuminulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,cacuminulus,,,,,"Vermeulen, 1993", 44669,Choerodon schoenleinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,schoenleinii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)", 44670,Choerodon cyanodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,cyanodus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1843)", 44671,Choerodon rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,rubescens,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 44705,Gulella aprosdoketa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,aprosdoketa,,,,,"Connolly, 1939", 44706,Gulella claustralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,claustralis,,,,,"Connolly, 1939", 44707,Gulella puzeyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,puzeyi,,,,,"Connolly, 1939", 44708,Gulella salpinx,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,salpinx,,,,,"Herbert, 2002", 44709,Sheldonia puzeyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,UROCYCLIDAE,Sheldonia,puzeyi,,,,,"Connolly, 1939", 44782,Rhinolophus hillorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,hillorum,,,,,"Koopman, 1989","

Rhinolophus hillorum was originally recognized as a subspecies of R. clivosus in 1989 (Koopman 1989) and was elevated to species-level in 2002 (Cotterill 2002). There are at least two questionable records from Sudan and another from Sapoba Forest Reserve in Nigeria that are not included in this assessment. While the specimen from Sudan has characteristics similar to R. hillorum (Fahr 2013), it was reported as R. clivosus keniensis (Koopman 1975). The specimen from Sapoba Forest Reserve (Fedden and Macleod, 1986 – as R. clivosus) is from a lowland habitat almost 400 km away from the nearest mountain range, leading to calls for re-examination (Fahr 2013). Upon re-examination, the Sapoba specimen, it was re-assigned to R. cf. hillorum as it separated in a PCA of craniodental characteristics from other six specimens collected from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (Tanshi et al. 2021).

" 44710,Trachycystis clifdeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Trachycystis,clifdeni,,,,,"Connolly, 1932", 44711,Trachycystis haygarthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Trachycystis,haygarthi,,,,,"(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1899)", 44712,Trachycystis placenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Trachycystis,placenta,,,,,"(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1899)", 44939,Acomys seurati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,seurati,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1936","Sometimes considered to be a synonym of A. cahirinus, but recognized as an independent species by Musser and Carleton (2005)." 4526,Chamalychaeus miyazakii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Chamalychaeus,miyazakii,,,,,"Takahashi & Habe, 1973", 4528,Chamalychaeus yanoshigehumii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Chamalychaeus,yanoshigehumii,,,,,"Minato, 1987", 4524,Chamalychaeus expanstoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Chamalychaeus,expanstoma,,,,,"Minato, 1982", 4527,Chamalychaeus takahashii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Chamalychaeus,takahashii,,,,,"Habe, 1976", 4596,Cheirodon kiliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,kiliani,,,,,"Campos, 1982", 4592,Cheilinus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cheilinus,undulatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 4594,Cheirodon australe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,australe,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928", 4595,Cheirodon galusdae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,galusdae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928","According to the Fishbase database, the correct name for this species is Cheirodon galusdai" 4597,Cheirodon pisciculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,pisciculus,,,,,"Girard, 1855", 4602,Laubuka caeruleostigmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,caeruleostigmata,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 4618,Cherax tenuimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,tenuimanus,,,,,"(Smith, 1912)", 4619,Cherax parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,parvus,,,,,"Short & Davey, 1993", 4615,Chelonia mydas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELONIIDAE,Chelonia,mydas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 4620,Cherax nucifraga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,nucifraga,,,,,"Short, 1991", 4621,Cherax quadricarinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,quadricarinatus,,,,,"(von Martens, 1868)", 4622,Cherax destructor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Cherax,destructor,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 4636,Chilonopsis exulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,exulatus,,,,,"Reeve, 1852", 4638,Chilonopsis melanoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,melanoides,,,,,"Wollaston, 1878", 4635,Chilonopsis blofeldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,blofeldi,,,,,"Forbes, 1852", 4637,Chilonopsis helena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,helena,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1833", 4640,Chilonopsis subplicatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,subplicatus,,,,,"Sowerby, 1844", 4641,Chilonopsis subtruncatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,subtruncatus,,,,,"Smith, 1892", 4642,Chilonopsis turtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,turtoni,,,,,"Smith, 1892", 4643,Faustina cingulella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Faustina,cingulella,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)",


4644,Faustina rossmaessleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Faustina,rossmaessleri,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1842)", 4645,Kosicia ziegleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Kosicia,ziegleri,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 4661,Chirocephalus croaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,CHIROCEPHALIDAE,Chirocephalus,croaticus,,,,,"Steuer, 1899", 4662,Chirocephalus reiseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,CHIROCEPHALIDAE,Chirocephalus,reiseri,,,,,"Marcus, 1913", 4663,Chirocephalus pelagonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,CHIROCEPHALIDAE,Chirocephalus,pelagonicus,,,,,"Petkovski, 1986", 46863,Atherinomorus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherinomorus,lineatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 4710,Chloealtis aspasma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chloealtis,aspasma,,,,,"Rehn & Hebard, 1919", 4726,Chlorogomphus iriomotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,iriomotensis,,,,,"Ishida, 1972",This species is closely related to the Taiwanese species Chlorogomphus risi. 4727,Chlorogomphus okinawensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,okinawensis,,,,,"Ishida, 1964",Appeared on the Red List prior to 2008 under the name Chlorogomphus brevistigmata okinawanus. 4730,Chlorolestes draconicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chlorolestes,draconicus,,,,,"Balinsky, 1956", 4782,Chondropoma callipeplum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Chondropoma,callipeplum,,,,,"Solem, 1961", 4785,Pseudochondrostoma willkommii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudochondrostoma,willkommii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 4788,Chondrostoma knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,knerii,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 4790,Chondrostoma phoxinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,phoxinus,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 4791,Pseudochondrostoma polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudochondrostoma,polylepis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 4792,Chondrostoma prespense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,prespense,,,,,"Karaman, 1924", 4794,Chondrostoma soetta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,soetta,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1840", 4795,Parachondrostoma toxostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Parachondrostoma,toxostoma,,,,,"(Vallot, 1837)", 4800,Christianoconcha quintalia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUNCTIDAE,Christianoconcha,quintalia,,,,,"Iredale, 1945", 4825,Chrysoritis cotrelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,cotrelli,,,,,"(Dickson, 1975)","(=Poecilmitis cotrelli Dickson, 1975)" 4833,Chytra kirki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Chytra,kirki,,,,,"(Smith, 1880)", 4870,Floridobia helicogyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Floridobia,helicogyra,,,,,"(Thompson, 1968)","Thompson and Hershler (2002) propose the genus Floridobia to accommodate species from the eastern United States formerly placed in the genus Cincinnatia (J. Cordiero, pers. comm. 2010)." 4872,Floridobia monroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Floridobia,monroensis,,,,,"(Dall, 1885)","Thompson and Hershler (2002) propose the genus Floridobia to accommodate species from the eastern United States formerly placed in the genus Cincinnatia (J. Cordiero, pers. comm. 2010)." 4873,Floridobia parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Floridobia,parva,,,,,"(Thompson, 1968)","Thompson and Hershler (2002) propose the genus Floridobia to accommodate species from the eastern United States formerly placed in the genus Cincinnatia (J. Cordiero, pers. comm. 2010)." 4874,Floridobia ponderosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Floridobia,ponderosa,,,,,"(Thompson, 1968)","Thompson and Hershler (2002) propose the genus Floridobia to accommodate species from the eastern United States formerly placed in the genus Cincinnatia (J. Cordiero, pers. comm. 2010)." 4875,Floridobia vanhyningi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Floridobia,vanhyningi,,,,,"(Vanatta, 1934)","Thompson and Hershler (2002) propose the genus Floridobia to accommodate species from the eastern United States formerly placed in the genus Cincinnatia (J. Cordiero, pers. comm. 2010)." 4891,Cipangochalax placeonovitas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cipangochalax,placeonovitas,,,,,"Minato, 1981", 4892,Cipangocharax okamurai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cipangocharax,okamurai,,,,,"Azuma, 1980", 4955,Clappia cahabensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Clappia,cahabensis,,,,,"Clench, 1965", 4958,Clarias maclareni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,maclareni,,,,,"Trewavas, 1962", 4960,Clavator moreleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACAVIDAE,Clavator,moreleti,,,,,"Crosse & Fischer, 1868", 4961,Clavicoccus erinaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PSEUDOCOCCIDAE,Clavicoccus,erinaceus,,,,,"Ferris, 1948", 4985,Clupeonella abrau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeonella,abrau,,,,,"(Maliatsky, 1930)","Clupeonella muhlisi from Lake Apolyond (in Sea of Marmara basin in Turkey) usually considered as a synonym of C. abrau is a synonym of C. cultriventris. Both species cannot be distinguished by morphological or molecular characters. Also Clupeonella abrau is very closely related to C. cultriventris and is not supported as an own evolutionary lineage by molecular data (COI). However, the morphological differences suggest that it is a young species evolved from C. cultriventris. Therefore, we keep C. abrau as a valid species in the Red List." 4987,Clupeonella cultriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeonella,cultriventris,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1840)","Freshwater tyulkas of the genus Clupeonella had been split into four species: Clupeonella abrau, C. caspia, C. cultriventris, and C. tscharchalensis. Recent molecular data strongly suggest, that all these four species are very closely related and do not form monophyletic evolutionay lineages. Morphological data also do not allow to distinguish C. caspia, C. cultriventris, and C. tscharchalensis. Therefore, these three species are all treated as one: C. cultriventris. " 4996,Aspidoscelis hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,hyperythra,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

This species was regarded by Grismer (1999) as a monotypic species, based on extensive areas of intergradation between subspecies and elevation of formerly recognized island subspecies to species status (Welsh 1988, Grismer 1999). In a checklist, Crother et al. (2000) cited a different concept of the zone of intergradation and retained two subspecies (hyperythra and beldingi). Collins and Taggart (2002) did not recognize subspecies.

We follow Grismer (2002) in treating Aspidoscelis danheimae as a species distinct from A. hyperythra." 5026,Coahuilix hubbsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Coahuilix,hubbsi,,,,,"Taylor, 1966", 5027,Cobitis calderoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,calderoni,,,,,"Bǎcescu, 1962", 5029,Cobitis paludica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,paludica,,,,,"(de Buen, 1930)", 5030,Cobitis stephanidisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,stephanidisi,,,,,"Economidis, 1992","Molecular studies place this species as nested within the congener Cobitis vardarensis, suggesting that both species are closely related or identical. Indeed, individuals showing the diagnostic colour pattern of C. stephanidisi occur in populations of C. vardarensis in the Pinios River drainage (Perdices et al., 2018). Until this phenomenon has been studied in detail the conservation status of C. stephanidisi cannot be assessed." 5031,Cobitis elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,elongata,,,,,"Heckel & Kner, 1858", 5032,Cobitis hellenica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,hellenica,,,,,"Economidis & Nalbant, 1996","Molecular evidence suggests this species is very closely-related to, or even conspecific with, the congener Cobitis arachtosensis (Perdices et al. 2018). Their taxonomy may therefore be reviewed in the future." 5034,Cobitis meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,meridionalis,,,,,"Karaman, 1924", 5036,Sabanejewia romanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,romanica,,,,,"(Bǎcescu, 1943)","Cobitis romanica transferred to Sabanejewia following Kottlelat (1997)." 5037,Cobitis taenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,taenia,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 5038,Cobitis trichonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,trichonica,,,,,"Stephanidis, 1974", 5039,Cobitis strumicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,strumicae,,,,,"Karaman, 1955", 5040,Cobitis vardarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,vardarensis,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 5047,Cochlicopa nitens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Cochlicopa,nitens,,,,,"(M. von Gallenstein, 1848)","The species had been lumped with C. lubrica until about 1956, but can be differentiated by shell features, anatomy and genetics (Armbruster and Schlegel 1994, Armbruster 1995, 1997)." 5048,Cochliopa texana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Cochliopa,texana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1935", 5049,Cochliopina milleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Cochliopina,milleri,,,,,"Taylor, 1966", 5050,Cochliopina compacta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Cochliopina,compacta,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1910", 5055,Cocoharpinia iliffei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,PHOXOCEPHALIDAE,Cocoharpinia,iliffei,,,,,"Karaman, 1980", 5056,Codringtonia codringtonii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Codringtonia,codringtonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 5076,Coelops robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Coelops,robinsoni,,,,,"Bonhote, 1908","Coelops hirsutus was previously considered a subspecies of Coelops robinsoni (Corbet and Hill 1992), however, we follow L. Heaney (pers. comm. 2007) in considering it to be a distinct species." 5078,Coelus globosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Coelus,globosus,,,,,"Leconte, 1852", 5079,Coelus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Coelus,gracilis,,,,,"Blaisdell, 1939", 5087,Coenocharopa yessabahensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Coenocharopa,yessabahensis,,,,,"Stanisic, 1990", 5100,Coenonympha oedippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,oedippus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 5111,Coleophora leucochrysella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,COLEOPHORIDAE,Coleophora,leucochrysella,,,,,"Clemens, 1863", 5119,Collisella edmitchelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NACELLIDAE,Collisella,edmitchelli,,,,,"Lipps, 1966", 5152,Colophon primosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,primosi,,,,,"Barnard, 1929", 5153,Colophon cassoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,cassoni,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5154,Colophon montisatris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,montisatris,,,,,"Endrödy-Younga, 1988", 5155,Colophon berrisfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,berrisfordi,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5156,Colophon thunbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,thunbergi,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5157,Colophon whitei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,whitei,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5158,Colophon haughtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,haughtoni,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5159,Colophon barnardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,barnardi,,,,,"Endrödy-Younga, 1988", 5160,Colophon eastmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,eastmani,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5161,Colophon westwoodi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,westwoodi,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5162,Colophon neli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,neli,,,,,"Barnard, 1932", 5163,Colophon cameroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,cameroni,,,,,"Barnard, 1929", 5164,Colophon stokoei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,stokoei,,,,,"Barnard, 1929", 5165,Colophon izardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Colophon,izardi,,,,,"Barnard, 1929", 5166,Colparion madgei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Colparion,madgei,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1938", 5216,Conacmella vagans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Conacmella,vagans,,,,,"Hirase, 1907", 5222,Trithemis longistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,longistyla,,,,,"(Fraser, 1953)", 5261,Conozoa hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Conozoa,hyalina,,,,,"(McNeil, 1901)", 5271,Conus kohni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,kohni,,,,,"McLean & Nybakken, 1979","Considered as a possible subspecies of C. xanthicus Dall, 1910." 5275,Cooperconcha centralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cooperconcha,centralis,,,,,"Solem, 1992", 5330,Cordulegaster mzymtae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,mzymtae,,,,,"Bartenev, 1929",Synonyms = Cordulegaster insignis mzymtae; Sonjagaster (insignis) mzymtae. 5361,Coregonus alpenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,alpenae,,,,,"(Koelz, 1924)","Eschmeyer notes that this species was regarded as a synonym of Coregonus zenithicus by Lee et al. (1980), but was then recognised as a valid species by Smith (1985) and by Scott and Crossman (1998). However, FishBase list C. alpenae as a synonym of C. zenithicus following Page and Burr (1991)." 5362,Coregonus artedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,artedi,,,,,"Lesueur, 1818","This species is said to be conspecific with Coregonus autumnalis, but is treated separately here. It appeared on the Red List from 1996 to 2006 incorrectly spelt as Coregonus artedii." 5363,Coregonus autumnalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,autumnalis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","This species is said to be conspecific with Coregonus artedi, but is treated here separately." 5366,Coregonus hoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,hoyi,,,,,"(Milner, 1874)", 5367,Coregonus johannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,johannae,,,,,"(Wagner, 1910)", 5370,Coregonus nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,nasus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 5371,Coregonus nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Milner, 1874)","There is considerable doubt as to whether this is a valid taxon, and some authors argue that it is just a form of Coregonus artedi." 5374,Coregonus peled,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,peled,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Russian authors recognise four groups of populations, which partly occur in sympatry but are potentially distinct species: 1) river C. peled; lives and spawns in rivers from the Mezen to the Ienissei drainage; 2) lake-river C. peled; in same drainages but absent from Ob River; 3) large lacustrine C. peled; spawns in lakes and reaches up to 440 mm standard length (SL); 4) dwarf lacustrine C. peled; lives and spawns in lakes, reaching up to 250 mm SL, with a shallower body exhibiting several rows of small black spots. It is presently unclear which of them is the 'true' C. peled." 5375,Coregonus pidschian,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,pidschian,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 5376,Coregonus reighardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,reighardi,,,,,"(Koelz, 1924)", 5378,Coregonus zenithicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,zenithicus,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1909)", 5380,Coregonus oxyrinchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,oxyrinchus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species' taxonomy has been the subject of controversy with a number of studies suggesting it remains extant, although molecular studies (e.g., Hansen et al., 2008; Jacobsen et al., 2012) have failed to rule out that the extinct North Sea Coregonus populations were polyphyletic. The name C. oxyrhynchus continues to be misapplied to whitefishes (C. maraena) inhabiting rivers draining into the eastern North Sea in Germany and Denmark (e.g., Jepsen et al., 2012; Jensen et al., 2015)." 5383,Coregonus trybomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,trybomi,,,,,"Svärdson, 1979", 54347,Austrochaperina adelphe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,adelphe,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1985)", 54348,Austrochaperina fryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,fryi,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1962)", 54349,Austrochaperina gracilipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,gracilipes,,,,,"Fry, 1912", 54350,Austrochaperina pluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,pluvialis,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1965)", 54351,Austrochaperina robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,robusta,,,,,"Fry, 1912", 54352,Crinia nimbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Crinia,nimbus,,,,,"Rounsevell, Ziegeler, Brown, Davies and Littlejohn, 1994",We follow Read et al. (2001) in moving this species from Bryobatrachus to Crinia. 54353,Philoria kundagungan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Philoria,kundagungan,,,,,"(Ingram and Corben, 1975)", 54354,Philoria loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Philoria,loveridgei,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 54355,Philoria sphagnicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Philoria,sphagnicolus,,,,,"(Moore, 1958)", 54356,Limnodynastes lignarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Limnodynastes,lignarius,,,,,"(Tyler, Martin and Davies, 1979)", 54456,Brachycephalus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,vertebralis,,,,,"Pombal, 2001", 5446,Cottus poecilopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,poecilopus,,,,,"Heckel, 1837","Molecular data strongly suggests that Cottus poecilopus is restricted to the Carpathian Arch, and populations formerly identified as this species in northern Europe belong to another, as yet unidentified, species.
" 54478,Ghatophryne ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ghatophryne,ornata,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)","There are taxonomic difficulties with this species, and it is possible that Ansonia rubigina is a synonym of it (S.D. Biju pers. comm. 2004). We depart from the taxonomy proposed by Dubois et al. (2021), who moved this species to the genus Blaira, on the basis that it was only published as Ghatophryne in an electronic-only journal prior to 2012. This assessment retains it in Ghatophryne, as it is the name registered with ZooBank." 54481,Ghatophryne rubigina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ghatophryne,rubigina,,,,,"(Pillai & Pattabiraman, 1981)","This species might be a synonym of Ghatophryne ornata (S.D. Biju pers. comm. 2004). We depart from the taxonomy proposed by Dubois et al. (2021), who moved this species to the genus Blaira, on the basis that it was only published as Ghatophryne in an electronic-only journal prior to 2012. This assessment retains it in Ghatophryne, as it is the name registered with ZooBank." 54445,Bombina fortinuptialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Bombina,fortinuptialis,,,,,"Tian & Wu, 1978", 54446,Bombina lichuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Bombina,lichuanensis,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 1994", 54448,Bombina microdeladigitora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Bombina,microdeladigitora,,,,,"Liu, Hu & Yang, 1960","Yu et al. (2007) suggest that Bombina microdeladigitora and Bombina fortinuptialis be considered as subspecies of Bombina maxima given the low genetic differences among these taxa, and there is ongoing debate about the distinctiveness of this species, Bombina lichuanensis and B. fortinuptialis (see Pabijan et al. 2013, Fei and Ye 2016 among others). However, we follow Frost and recognize B. microdeladigitora and  B. fortinuptialis to be valid species." 54452,Brachycephalus didactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,didactylus,,,,,"(Izecksohn, 1971)", 54453,Brachycephalus ephippium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,ephippium,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 54454,Brachycephalus nodoterga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,nodoterga,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920","This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Brachycephalus ephippium by Heyer et al. (1990). The population to which this name has been applied by Heyer et al. (1990) does not agree with the diagnosis of B. nodoterga, and so questions remain over the taxonomic validity of this species." 54455,Brachycephalus pernix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,pernix,,,,,"Pombal, Wistuba and Bornschein, 1998", 5447,Cottus petiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,petiti,,,,,"Bǎcescu & Bǎcescu-Meşter, 1964", 54501,Atelopus coynei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,coynei,,,,,"Miyata, 1980", 54581,Duttaphrynus atukoralei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,atukoralei,,,,,"(Bogert & Senanayake, 1966)", 54583,Anaxyrus baxteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,baxteri,,,,,"(Porter, 1964)", 54585,Rhinella beebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,beebei,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1965)","This species was originally considered to be a subspecies of Rhinella granulosa. However, Rivero et al. (1986) recognized this taxon as a full species. 

There have been some doubts in the previous assessment of this species that it might be a synonym of Rhinella humboldti (E. La Marca pers. comm.). While it was synonymised with R. humboldti for a time following morphological analysis (Narvaes and Rodrigues 2009), the two species are now believed to be distinct and valid in their own right (Murphy et al. 2017)." 54587,Rhinella bergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,bergi,,,,,"(Céspedez, 2000)",Céspedez (2000) separated the taxon formerly known as Rhinella pygmaea into two species: R. pygmaea of coastal Brazil and R. bergi in the interior of the continent. 54588,Ingerophrynus biporcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,biporcatus,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)",Records of this species from mainland Southeast Asia are probably Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus. 54590,Rhaebo blombergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,blombergi,,,,,"(Myers & Funkhouser, 1951)",The records reported from Chocó Department are not reliable and require confirmation (Colombia Red List Assessment Workshop August 2016). 54593,Duttaphrynus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)",Records from Kerala are misidentifications (Dinesh et al. 2009). 54596,Bufo bufo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,bufo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Bufo bufo is the central member of the Bufo bufo species complex. The systematics of this complex remain unclear. Until recently Bufo verrucosissimus was considered to be a subspecies of Bufo bufo. The taxonomic status of populations allocated to Bufo bufo in Turkey is unclear and requires further investigation. 54597,Rhaebo caeruleostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,caeruleostictus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 54599,Anaxyrus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,californicus,,,,,"(Camp, 1915)", 54555,Atelopus spumarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,spumarius,,,,,"Cope, 1871","Cocroft et al. (1990) and Lötters et al. (2002b) suggested that Atelopus spumarius might be a complex of more than one species. Lescure and Marty (2001) recognize two subspecies: A. s. barbotini Lescure 1981; and A. s. hoogmoedi Lescure 1973 without arguments and in contrast to their earlier opinion. Lötters et al. (2002b) suggested that A. spumarius occurs in the upper Amazon Basin only (Peru, Colombia, Brazil); populations from southern Peru, Ecuador and central Brazil might refer to undescribed taxa within A. spumarius sensu lato. Populations from the Guianas and eastern Amazonia might be treated as A. hoogmoedi complex (maybe within A. spumarius sensu lato). Atelopus spumarius hoogmoedi is a synonym of A. spumarius under Lescure and Gasc (1986). This form is understood by Lescure and Gasc (1986) to be more or less A. spumarius sensu lato; however, A. spumarius hoogmoedi is not conspecific with A. spumarius sensu stricto (S. Lötters pers. comm.)
Lötters et al. (2011) elevated A. spumarius barbotini to species level." 54568,Rhinella amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,amabilis,,,,,"(Pramuk and Kadivar, 2003)", 54571,Rhaebo anderssoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,anderssoni,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)", 54576,Rhinella arenarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,arenarum,,,,,"(Hensel, 1867)",This species might comprise a complex of more than one species. There are two subspecies in Argentina: R.a. mendocinus and R.a. arenarum. 54662,Duttaphrynus himalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,himalayanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",The subpopulation in northwestern Yunnan is sometimes assigned to the species Duttaphrynus cyphosus (Ye 1977). It is considered here to be a synonym of Duttaphrynus himalayanus following Yang (1991) and Zhao and Adler (1993). 

This species may be a taxonomic complex (India Red List Assessment September 2020). 54604,Peltophryne cataulaciceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,cataulaciceps,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1959)", 5468,Cralopa colliveri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Cralopa,colliveri,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1947)", 54684,Xanthophryne koynayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Xanthophryne,koynayensis,,,,,"(Soman, 1963)",This species has been moved from the genus Xanthophryne to Beduka by Dubois et al. (2021). 54687,Bufotes latastii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,latastii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","According to Stöck et al. (2001), this species is a diploid member of the Pseudepidalea viridis subgroup. The Bufo viridis group is now treated under Bufotes. The synonymy of siachinensis with this species was by Stöck et al. (1998). Further collections are required to confirm this synonymy (M.S. Khan pers. comm.)." 5469,Cralopa kaputarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Cralopa,kaputarensis,,,,,"Stanisic, 1990", 54620,Duttaphrynus crocus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,crocus,,,,,"(Wogan, Win, Thin, Lwin, Shein, Kyi & Tun, 2003)", 54621,Rhinella crucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,crucifer,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","Records of this species from Uruguay are in error. It has recently been shown to be a complex of more than one species, and R. abei, R. henseli, R. ornata, and R. pombali recognized (Baldissera et al., 2004)." 54693,Peltophryne longinasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,longinasus,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1905)","Four subspecies have been described: P. l. longinasus in Pinar del Río; P. l. cajalbanensis in the Cajálbana Plateau, also in Pinar del Río; P. l. dunni in the mountains of Guamuhaya; and P. l. ramsdeni in the Sierra del Guaso. (González Alonso et al., 2012)" 54625,Rhinella dapsilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,dapsilis,,,,,"(Myers & Carvalho, 1945)",There are significant differences among the specimens currently assigned to Rhinella dapsilis. Further systematic work is urgently required to resolve these difficulties. 54627,Duttaphrynus dhufarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,dhufarensis,,,,,"(Parker, 1931)", 54628,Rhinella diptycha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,diptycha,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","This species has an uncertain status and is not known from the Amazon basin. It might be a synonym of Rhinella poeppigii. Duellman and Schulte (1992) pointed out that there is no known type specimen for this species, although Frost (2000) listed the distribution as ""Peru and Paraguay"", and Rodriguez et al. (1993) listed it as occurring in Puno Department, Peru. It is believed that the Peruvian record is a misidentification." 54633,Rhinella dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,dorbignyi,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)",This species was elevated from subspecies status under Rhinella granulosa by Cei (1972). This species probably represents a complex of several cryptic species (D. Barrasso pers. comm. November 2017). 54634,Peltophryne empusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,empusa,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 54637,Rhinella fernandezae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,fernandezae,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1957)", 54651,Rhaebo glaberrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,glaberrimus,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 54657,Peltophryne gundlachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,gundlachi,,,,,"(Ruibal, 1959)", 54658,Rhaebo guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,guttatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","This species' taxonomic status is unclear, since it is probably a complex of several species." 54668,Rhinella icterica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,icterica,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","This species does not occur in Goiás and Bahia states, Brazil; the erroneous records are probably related to Rhinella cerradensis (M. Solé, R. Bastos and D. Silvano pers. comm. 2020)." 54674,Rhinella jimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,jimi,,,,,"(Stevaux, 2002)", 54759,Duttaphrynus silentvalleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,silentvalleyensis,,,,,"(Pillai, 1981)","This taxon is probably a junior synonym of Duttaphrynus parietalis (Dubois and Ohler 1999; Biju in prep.). It is thought that the type specimen of D. silentvalleyensis might refer to a subadult of D. parietalis, and that this taxon is therefore invalid." 5470,Crangonyx dearolfi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Crangonyx,dearolfi,,,,,"Shoemaker, 1842", 54760,Rhinella sima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,sima,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)",There is significant taxonomic confusion surrounding this taxon. It has been confused with Incilius occidentalis and I. peripatetes in the literature. Taylor (1951) thought it synonymous with I. fastidiosus. 54701,Rhinella margaritifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,margaritifera,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)",This taxon is a complex of more than one species. Subpopulations in Panama refer to an unnamed species in the Rhinella margaritifera complex. 54776,Peltophryne taladai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,taladai,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1960)",The appreciable genetic distance among localities suggests the existence of cryptic or 'candidate' species (Alonso Bosch et al. 2012). 54709,Anaxyrus microscaphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,microscaphus,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)","Anaxyrus californicus and A. mexicanus were formerly included in this species, which was formerly known as the Southwestern Toad (Frost and Hillis 1990)." 5471,Crangonyx grandimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Crangonyx,grandimanus,,,,,"Bousfield, 1963", 5472,Crangonyx hobbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Crangonyx,hobbsi,,,,,"Shoemaker, 1941", 54720,Rhinella ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,ocellata,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 54721,Duttaphrynus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,olivaceus,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)",Auffenberg and Rehman (1977) showed Duttaphrynus (then Bufo) olivaceus to be morphologically distinct from D. (then Bufo) stomaticus. However there is still some uncertainty regarding its status and this species is possibly a synonym of D. stomaticus (India Red List Assessment Workshop February 2021). 54722,Bufo pageoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,pageoti,,,,,"Bourret, 1937","Bufo burmanus was synonymized with B. pageoti by Dubois and Ohler (1999). The genus Torrentophryne (Yang, Liu and Rao 1996) was synonymized with Bufo by Liu et al. (2000)." 54725,Duttaphrynus parietalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,parietalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",It may be a species complex (S.R. Chandramouli and S. Das pers. comm. October 2020). 54728,Peltophryne peltocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,peltocephala,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)", 54737,Rhinella proboscidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,proboscidea,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Hoogmoed (1990) noted that this species was referred to erroneously as Rhinella dapsilis by Zimmerman and Bogart (1988), who removed it from the synonymy of Rhinella margaritifera (referred to as Bufo typhonius). The diagnostic differences between this form and geographically proximate members of the Rhinella margaritifera group are not well documented.

Results of phylogenetic analysis strongly suggest that specimens from Ecuador and Peru (Loreto) correspond to undescribed species (Pereyra et al. 2021)." 54740,Rhinella pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,pygmaea,,,,,"(Myers and Carvalho, 1952)",This species has often been considered a subspecies of Rhinella granulosa (e.g. Gallardo 1965). Céspedez (2000) separated R. pygmaea into two species: R. pygmaea of coastal Brazil and R. bergi in the interior of the continent. 54744,Strauchbufo raddei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Strauchbufo,raddei,,,,,"(Strauch, 1876)", 54749,Rhinella roqueana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,roqueana,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)",The diagnostic differences between this form and geographically proximate members of the Rhinella margaritifera group are not well documented. 54750,Rhinella rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,rubescens,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)",This species was formerly confused with Rhinella marina. 54753,Duttaphrynus scaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,scaber,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)", 54756,Rhinella scitula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,scitula,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Niemeyer, 2003)", 54758,Duttaphrynus scorteccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,scorteccii,,,,,"(Balletto & Cherchi, 1970)","Due to its morphological intermediacy between Duttaphrynus and Amietophrynus, Frost has returned this concept to the uncertain status of ""Bufo"" scorteccii.
" 54768,Duttaphrynus stomaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,stomaticus,,,,,"(Lütken, 1864)",This species is thought to be a taxonomic complex (India Red List Assessment Workshop August 2020). 54769,Duttaphrynus stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,stuarti,,,,,"(Smith, 1929)", 54857,Osornophryne guacamayo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,guacamayo,,,,,"Hoogmoed, 1987",The Colombian subpopulations have different skin texture and some morphological differences compared to Ecuadorian subpopulations. More research is needed to determine whether or not this is in fact two separate species (D.F. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm.). 5486,Crassispira sacerdotalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,TURRIDAE,Crassispira,sacerdotalis,,,,,"Rolan & Fernandes, 1992", 54859,Osornophryne sumacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,sumacoensis,,,,,"Gluesenkamp, 1995", 54804,Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Dendrophryniscus,berthalutzae,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1994","It is possible that Dendrophryniscus berthalutzae is synonymous with D. krausae. However, there is no available genetic material from specimens from Rio Grande do Sul to verify and confirm that it is the same species (P. Garcia pers. comm. 2021). For the time being, the former is considered to occur only in the state of Santa Catarina and the latter in the state of Rio Grande do Sul." 54805,Amazophrynella bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Amazophrynella,bokermanni,,,,,"(Izecksohn, 1994)","Ávila et al. (2012) suggest that the genus Amazophrynella may contain additional species. Rojas-Zamora et al. (2018) discussed that species diversity of the genus is grossly underestimated" 54806,Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Dendrophryniscus,brevipollicatus,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1870", 54807,Dendrophryniscus carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Dendrophryniscus,carvalhoi,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1994", 54808,Dendrophryniscus leucomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Dendrophryniscus,leucomystax,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1968", 54809,Amazophrynella minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Amazophrynella,minuta,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)",This species might be a complex of more than one species. 54810,Dendrophryniscus stawiarskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Dendrophryniscus,stawiarskyi,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1994", 54812,Frostius pernambucensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Frostius,pernambucensis,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1962)", 54816,Melanophryniscus atroluteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,atroluteus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)","This species was elevated to species level from M. stelzneri atroluteus by Klappenbach and Langone (1992). However, the external morphology and advertisement calls are almost indistinguishable between M. atroluteus and M. montevidensis (Kwet et al. 2005, Maneyro and Kwet 2008)." 54817,Melanophryniscus cambaraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,cambaraensis,,,,,"Braun and Braun, 1979", 54819,Melanophryniscus devincenzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,devincenzii,,,,,"Klappenbach, 1968",This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation. 54820,Melanophryniscus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Mertens, 1933)", 54821,Melanophryniscus fulvoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,fulvoguttatus,,,,,"(Mertens, 1937)","This species was elevated to species status by Cruz and Caramaschi (2003). Prior to this, it was considered to be a subspecies of Melanophryniscus stelzneri. Reexamination of specimens from the Argentinean provinces of Santa Fe (Baldo and Arzamendia 1997) and Santiago del Estero (Basso and Williams 1996) revealed that these records actually belong to M. klappenbachi (Baldo 2001)." 54822,Melanophryniscus klappenbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,klappenbachi,,,,,"Prigioni and Langone, 2000", 54823,Melanophryniscus macrogranulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,macrogranulosus,,,,,"Braun, 1973", 54824,Melanophryniscus montevidensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,montevidensis,,,,,"(Phillippi, 1902)",Elevated to full species status by Klappenbach and Langone (1992). 54825,Melanophryniscus orejasmirandai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,orejasmirandai,,,,,"Prigioni and Langone, 1986", 54826,Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,pachyrhynus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)",The species was revalidated by Caramaschi and Cruz (2002). 54828,Melanophryniscus sanmartini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,sanmartini,,,,,"Klappenbach, 1968", 54829,Melanophryniscus simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,simplex,,,,,"Caramaschi and Cruz, 2002","It may be a complex of species (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2020)." 54830,Melanophryniscus spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,spectabilis,,,,,"Caramaschi & Cruz, 2002","This species has taxonomic problems. It was previously confused with Melanophryniscus tumifrons prior to its description by Caramaschi and Cruz (2002). Subpopulations from Misiones, Argentina, formerly associated with this species (and included in its 2004 assessment) were believed by Baldo and Basso (2004) to pertain to Melanophryniscus aff. tumifrons and were excluded from the 2010 assessment. However, a study not yet submitted found strong evidence that this species needs to be synonymised with M. tumifrons (P. Colombo pers. comm. 2021)." 54831,Melanophryniscus stelzneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,stelzneri,,,,,"(Weyenbergh, 1875)","Two subspecies recognized: M.s. stelzneri and M.s. spegazzinii. Argentinean subpopulations previously referred to as M.s. fulvoguttatus belong to Melanophryniscus klappenbachi. Brusquetti and Lavilla (2006) briefly discussed that records from Paraguay (e.g., Céspedez 1996) are based on misidentifications.

This form is probably a complex of more than one species." 54832,Melanophryniscus tumifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,tumifrons,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","The forms spectabilis and simplex were elevated to species status by Caramaschi and Cruz (2002). These authors also resurrected the species Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus, formerly considered a synonym of M. tumifrons. Records from Cambará do Sul e Canela (Braun and Braun 1980), Santa Catarina state, now refer to Melanophryniscus simplex (Colombo et al. 2007). The current concept of M. tumifrons is considered a complex of additional undescribed species; and some of these subpopulations may be under some degree of threat (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 5484,Craspedopoma lyonnetianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CRASPEDOPOMATIDAE,Craspedopoma,lyonnetianum,,,,,"R.T. Lowe, 1852", 5485,Craspedopoma trochoideum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CRASPEDOPOMATIDAE,Craspedopoma,trochoideum,,,,,"R.T. Lowe, 1860", 54855,Osornophryne antisana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,antisana,,,,,"Hoogmoed, 1987","Gluesenkamp and Guayasamin (2008) this species is reported in the Sumaco Volcano, but in fact they are males of Osornophryne sumacoensis verified by Páez-Moscoso et al. (2011). The identity of the specimens from the northern part of Parque Nacional Llanganates requires confirmation." 54856,Osornophryne bufoniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,bufoniformis,,,,,"(Peracca, 1904)","Although this appears to be a relatively widespread species, it apears to be composed of multiple species with restricted distributions, with considerable variation in ecological requirements (T. Grant and D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm.). Páez-Moscoso and Guayasamin (2012) suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that this taxon is a species complex." 54961,Rulyrana flavopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Rulyrana,flavopunctata,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 54971,Teratohyla midas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Teratohyla,midas,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 54908,Centrolene buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,buckleyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This is a species complex that requires formal subdivision (Guayasamín et al. 2006, 2020; Amador et al. 2018). Amador et al. (2018) provided molecular evidence that nominal Centrolene buckleyi is composed of at least three species, none of which is each other's closest relative, one in southern Ecuador, two (including Centrolene buckleyi sensu stricto) in northern Ecuador, and another in central Andean Colombia, with the edges remaining unknown (Frost 2021). 

Two specimens from Huancabamba in Piura Department in northern Peru (Duellman and Wild 1993) previously assigned to this species are actually metamorphs of another species (Amador et al. 2018; D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2021). All records of this species from Venezuela formerly assigned to this taxon are now assigned to Centrolene venezuelense." 54975,Centrolene ocellifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,ocellifera,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","Synonym of Espadarana prosoblepon (Cisneros-Heredia and Yánez-Muñoz, 2007)." 5491,Craterocephalus gloveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,gloveri,,,,,"Crowley & Ivantsoff, 1990", 5498,Craterodiscus pricei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CORILLIDAE,Craterodiscus,pricei,,,,,"McMichael, 1958", 54914,Nymphargus grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,grandisonae,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)",As used by Lynch and Duellman (1973) this name applies to the species currently recognized as Centrolenella lynchi. 54986,Vitreorana ritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,ritae,,,,,"(Lutz, 1952)","Vitreorana oyampiensis was synonymised with this species (Guayasamin et al., 2008)." 54921,Centrolene lema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,lema,,,,,"Duellman & Señaris, 2003", 54935,Boana pulidoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,pulidoi,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","This species was previously placed in the family Centrolenidae in the genus Centrolene, but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas in the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 54946,Nymphargus anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,anomalus,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 54950,Nymphargus cariticommatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,cariticommatus,,,,,"(Wild, 1994)", 54954,Nymphargus cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,cochranae,,,,,"(Goin, 1961)",

Nymphargus cochranae might be a species complex (Guayasamín et al. 2020).

54969,Nymphargus megacheirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,megacheirus,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 55059,Allobates brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,brunneus,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)","Morales (2002 ""2000"") noted that earlier records from Ecuador, Suriname, Venezuela, French Guiana, and Peru apply to other species. Frogs known as Allobates brunneus from northern Orinoco in Venezuela have been separated as A. pittieri (La Marca et al. 2004). All reports of Allobates brunneus from Venezeula are considered A. aff. marchesianus rather than aff. brunneus as the marchesianus type locality is closer to the Venezuelan southern border (Barrio-Amoros et al. 2019). Records of this species from Mount Duida, Venezuela is probably applied to an undescribed species (Barrio-Amorós and Santos 2009). Reports from the Guianas and Brazilian state of Paraná, probably refer to other species (Santos-Pereira et al. 2018)." 55060,Allobates caeruleodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,caeruleodactylus,,,,,"(Lima & Caldwell, 2001)", 55006,Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,chirripoi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1958)",Taxonomic revision of this species is needed (Brain Kubicki pers. comm.). 55077,Hyloxalus exasperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,exasperatus,,,,,"(Duellman and Lynch, 1988)",The subpopulation from Pastaza Province reported by Coloma (1995) belongs to an undescribed species (L. Coloma pers. comm.) 55008,Hyalinobatrachium crurifasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,crurifasciatum,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 1997", 55080,Hyloxalus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,fallax,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)", 55011,Hyalinobatrachium eccentricum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,eccentricum,,,,,"Myers and Donnelly, 2001","This species resembles Hyalinobatrachium crucifasciatum in general morphology and coloration, but can easily be distinguished from the latter by the presence of a bicolored iris." 55013,Vitreorana eurygnatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,eurygnatha,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)", 55085,Leucostethus fugax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,fugax,,,,,"(Morales & Schulte, 1993)", 55086,Hyloxalus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)","This form probably contains a number of undescribed species, according to Rivero (1991)." 55088,Allobates fuscellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,fuscellus,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)","Melo-Sampaio et al. (2018) provided a corrected morphological diagnosis, restricted the range of the species based on reidentifications of both morphologically and genetically identified specimens, and discussed the identities of some of the paratypes of this species noting that some must be reassigned to Allobates trilineatus or Allobates gasconi." 55089,Allobates gasconi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,gasconi,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)","Melo-Sampaio et al. (2018) restricted the range of Allobates fuscellus based on reidentifications of both morphologically and genetically identified specimens, and noted that some must be reassigned to Allobates trilineatus or Allobates gasconi." 55018,Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,iaspidiense,,,,,"(Ayarzaguena, 1992)","Morphologically, the populations from Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, and Ecuador are remarkably similar (Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2009). Genetic analyzes with a very limited sample size (three individuals) have shown genetic divergence that might correspond to, at least, two cryptic lineages (Guayasamin et al. 2008). However, a much more complete analysis is required in order to understand the variation within what is now identified as H. iaspidiense (Guayasamin and North 2009)." 55090,Allobates goianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,goianus,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1975)", 55020,Hyalinobatrachium ignioculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,ignioculus,,,,,"Noonan & Bonett, 2003", 55095,Hyloxalus infraguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,infraguttatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",This may represent a species complex. 55024,Hyalinobatrachium nouraguense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,nouraguense,,,,,"Lescure & Marty, 2000","The status of this species is uncertain, it is possible that it may be a junior synonym of Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiensis (Ernst et al., 2005)." 55032,Hyalinobatrachium ruedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,ruedai,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1998", 55035,Vitreorana uranoscopa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,uranoscopa,,,,,"(Müller, 1924)", 55038,Allobates femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,femoralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)",It is probably a complex of more than one species. 55046,Hyloxalus anthracinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,anthracinus,,,,,"(Edwards, 1971)", 55051,Anomaloglossus baeobatrachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,baeobatrachus,,,,,"(Boistel & de Massary, 1999)","Several still undescribed species with exotrophic larvae have been confused with A. baeobatrachus (Vacher et al. 2017) in Suriname (Ouboter and Jairam 2012) and in Pará state, Brazil  (Avila-Pires et al. 2010). Fouquet et al. (2019) noted that subpopulations from southern French Guiana and Amapá, Brazil, differ genetically, morphologically, and in calls from each other and the subpopulations bearing the name in northern French Guiana." 55054,Hyloxalus bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,bocagei,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1871)","The populations reported from the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central in Colombia are probably not conspecific with Hyloxalus bocagei (T. Grant pers. comm.). Santos (2002; unpublished Licenciatura thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador) provides molecular evidence that this nominal taxon is composed of at least seven species in Ecuador. Further research will probably show that H. bocagei is restricted to populations at and near the type locality." 55065,Hyloxalus cevallosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,cevallosi,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)","Hyloxalus cevallosi and Leucostethus fugax are similar (as originally described in 1991 and 1993 respectively) and their type localities are from the same general area in Río Bobonaza, Provincia Pastaza. The description of Hyloxalus cevallosi was based on a single male, with no mention of having a Finger III swollen and by having a brownish-grayventer. Whereas the L. fugax description was based on a series of specimens, of which the holotype was a male with a Finger III swollen and a uniform cream venter. After 1993, collections in the area have revealed specimens of only one species with a Finger III swollen in males and having tubercles in the eyelid (present also in other species of Leucostethus). The specimens with these unique two features have been identified in museum collections ambiguously either as L. fugax or Hyloxalus cevallosi (e.g. QCAZ Bioweb). Until further verification of the identity of Hyloxalus cevallosi is undertaken we treat H. cevallosi as occurring only from the localities mentioned in the original description (Coloma and Duellman in prep)." 55068,Allobates conspicuus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,conspicuus,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)", 55069,Allobates crombiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,crombiei,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)", 5510,Crematogaster atilanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Crematogaster,atilanica,,,,,"Wheeler, 1936", 55100,Allobates kingsburyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,kingsburyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)",Molecular data suggest that Allobates kingsburyi is a species complex (L. Coloma pers. comm.). 55160,Allobates trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,trilineatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)","Melo-Sampaio et al. (2018) restricted the range of Allobates fuscellus based on reidentifications of both morphologically and genetically identified specimens, and noted that some must be reassigned to Allobates trilineatus or Allobates gasconi.

Réjaud et al. (2020) noted a cryptic species within this taxon. Jaramillo-Martinez et al. (2021) provided a redescription of the species, including the recognition of a cryptic species including what they referred to as Allobates aff. trilineatus from the Brazilian state of Acre and from southern Peru in Panguana, Huanuco, and Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios and Allobates sp. from Requena, Loreto, Peru." 55159,Hyloxalus toachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,toachi,,,,,"(Coloma, 1995)", 55172,Ranitomeya amazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,amazonica,,,,,"(Schulte, 1999)","Specimens from French Guiana formerly described as Dendrobates quinquevittatus by Silverstone in 1975 actually correspond to this species (Brown et al. 2011). Genetic studies allowed the taxonomic separation between this species and Ranitomeya ventrimaculata (Brown et al. 2011).

Many have suspected that R. amazonica and its sister taxon R. variabilis should be considered a single species. Brown et al. (2011) presented considerable genetic and bioacoustic data that supports the retention of R. amazonica as a valid species, sister to R. variabilis." 55109,Hyloxalus maquipucuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,maquipucuna,,,,,"(Coloma, 1995)", 55110,Allobates marchesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,marchesianus,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)","All reports of Allobates brunneus from Venezeula are considered A. aff. marchesianus rather than aff. brunneus as the marchesianus type locality is closer to the Venezuelan southern border (Barrio-Amoros et al. 2019, C. Señaris pers. comm. February 2020)." 55111,Hyloxalus marmoreoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,marmoreoventris,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)", 55179,Adelphobates castaneoticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Adelphobates,castaneoticus,,,,,"(Caldwell & Myers, 1990)", 55112,Allobates masniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,masniger,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)", 55181,Ranitomeya duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,duellmani,,,,,"(Schulte, 1999)",There are taxonomic issues associated with this species largely because the type was described from a photograph in Rodríguez and Duellman (1994). 55185,Adelphobates galactonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Adelphobates,galactonotus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 55118,Hyloxalus mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,mystax,,,,,"(Duellman and Simmons, 1988)", 55120,Allobates nidicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,nidicola,,,,,"(Caldwell & Lima, 2003)", 55122,Allobates olfersioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,olfersioides,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)","Based on M. Napoli pers. comm. (2018), the species Allobates olfersioides (Lutz 1925) is a Brazilian endemic species with a wide geographic distribution throughout the Atlantic Forest, occurring from the southeast to northeast of Brazil. The subpopulations of this taxon were proposed by Bokerman (1967) as four separate species: A. alagoanus, A. capixaba, A. carioca, and A. olfersioides. However, the taxonomic study by Verdade and Rodrigues (2007) considered the variables of external morphology, traditional morphometry, and color patterns of external surfaces, and did not find support for the maintenance of four distinct species. This resulted in the synonymy of A. alagoanus, A. capixaba, and A. carioca (junior synonyms) with A. olfersioides (senior synonym), a decision that has been maintained until the present day.

A decade has passed since the study of Verdade and Rodrigues (2007), and in the meantime, there has been a considerable increase in the integration of different disciplines in the solution of taxonomic problems. In this context, Forti et al. (2017) performed an acoustic analysis of the advertisement call of specimens from A. olfersioides subpopulations in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia (Igrapiúna), and Alagoas (Passo de Camaragibe), and found differences in the call. This result is in agreement with Bokermann (1967), who indicated possible acoustic differences in relation to the temporal properties between A. olfersioides (Rio de Janeiro) and A. capixaba (Espírito Santo). Finally, the authors indicated the possibility of revalidation of at least two of the junior synonyms (A. alagoanus and A. capixaba). More recently, Grant et al. (2017), in a phylogenetic study of Dendrobatoidea species that included molecular data, found that samples from two subpopulations of A. olfersioides differed strongly from each other, one from the state of Rio de Janeiro (type locality of A. carioca, two specimens) and another from the state of Alagoas (type locality of A. alagoanus, one specimen), which led the authors to state that such populations could represent different species. Although the last two studies have shown important differences between A. olfersioides subpopulations, most notably among those located in the state of Rio de Janeiro (A. olfersioides and A. carioca), Espírito Santo (A. capixaba) and Alagoas (A. alagoanus), such studies did not aim to taxonomically review the above species and, no less important, did not constitute nomenclatural acts concerning the revalidation of the junior synonyms proposed by Verdade and Rodrigues (2007). Thus, all subpopulations remain within the concept of A. olfersioides until further clarification and resolution of these problems is provided (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 55191,Dendrobates leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Dendrobates,leucomelas,,,,,"Steindachner, 1864", 55197,Adelphobates quinquevittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Adelphobates,quinquevittatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)","Most records of this species before 1990 refer to Dendrobates ventrimaculatus. Caldwell and Myers (1990) and Martins and Haddad (1990) independently concluded that the name Dendrobates (now Adelphobates) quinquevittatus Steindachner, 1864, had been misapplied in recent literature. It is currently restricted to a species that is neither as variable or widespread as previously thought, and which is known only from the upper Rio Madeira drainage of Rondonia and adjacent (southern) Amazonas, Brazil. In this account we follow the traditional, broader definition of the species." 55129,Hyloxalus peculiaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,peculiaris,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)","This species needs a more detailed taxonomic review, as it may be a species confused with Hyloxalus maculosus (J.C. Sánchez pers. comm. 2021)." 55130,Allobates peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,peruvianus,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)","This taxon might be comprised of several species, specimens from the type locality in the highlands being very different to specimens from the main part of the range. The Brazilian records reported as Colostethus peruvianus in Heyer (1976) from the Amazon basin in Brazil definitely do not correspond to this species, and probably belong to Allobates bacurau, A. caeruleodactylus, A. grillisimilis or A. masniger (T. Grant pers. comm. 2021)." 55138,Hyloxalus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,pumilus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)", 55148,Hyloxalus sauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,sauli,,,,,"(Edwards, 1974)", 55150,Hyloxalus shuar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,shuar,,,,,"(Duellman and Simmons, 1988)","Its possible that this is a species complex, with the northern-most subpopulation appearing different from the subpopulation at the type locality in the Cordillera del Condor (D.F. Cisneros-Heredia and M. Ortega-Andrade pers. comm. 2021)." 55151,Anomaloglossus stepheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,stepheni,,,,,"(Martins, 1990)","In the Anomaloglossus stepheni group of Vacher et al. (2017) who noted that this clade is composed of several cryptic species in Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil." 55153,Allobates sumtuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,sumtuosus,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)","Assessors at the Amazon GAA workshop in Brazil raised questions as to the taxonomic validity of this species, but Morales (pers. comm.) is convinced that it is a valid species." 55156,Anomaloglossus tamacuarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,tamacuarensis,,,,,"(Myers and Donnelly, 1997)", 55163,Allobates vanzolinius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,vanzolinius,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)", 55165,Hyloxalus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,vertebralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 55167,Paruwrobates whymperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Paruwrobates,whymperi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","The assignment of the specimens from San Francisco de Las Pampas to this species is tentative, but is justified by the absence of significant differences between the original description of Paruwrobates whymperi and these specimens. Paruwrobates erythromos (Vigle and Miyata 1980) is similar to P. whymperi and might be conspecific. However, comparison of P. erythromos and the type specimen of P. whymperi is complicated due to the bad preservation of the holotype of P. whymperi; differences in ventral color patterns might be a preservation artifact. Comparison of P. erythromos and the specimens from San Francisco de Las Pampas reveal that they are not conspecific (Coloma 1995)." 55204,Dendrobates tinctorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Dendrobates,tinctorius,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1797)",We follow Wollenberg et al. (2006) in considering Dendrobates azureus as a junior synonym of this species. Hoogmoed (2019) discussed nominal Dendrobates azureus and suggested reasons for doubting its synonymy. 55207,Ranitomeya variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,variabilis,,,,,"(Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Ranitomeya ventrimaculata by Symula et al. (2001), where it had been placed by Caldwell and Myers (1990). Following the results from Brown et al. (2011), the highland and lowland frogs actually belonged to the same species, and due to incorrect usage of ventrimaculata, R. variabilis became the valid name." 55208,Ranitomeya ventrimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,ventrimaculata,,,,,"(Shreve, 1935)","Caldwell and Myers (1990) formally revived Ranitomeya ventrimaculata from the synonomy of Adelphobates quinquevittatus, where it had been placed by Silverstone (1975), but urged caution in dealing with it systematically. They emphasized that R. ventrimaculata contains an unknown number of undiagnosed species, some of which might be difficult to separate even when sympatric, but the name serves to accommodate certain populations previously assigned to A. quinquevittatus. 

This species was long referred to as Ranitomeya (or Dendrobates) duellmani. However, inspection of the original type series of Dendrobates ventrimaculatus Shreve revealed that the holotype was actually duellmani. Thus, duellmani Schulte was designated a junior synonym of ventrimaculatus Shreve (Brown et al. 2011). Genetic studies allowed the taxonomic separation between this species and Ranitomeya amazonica (Brown et al. 2011). Estupiñán et al. (2016) suggested on the basis of COI barcodes that cryptic species are likely." 55217,Epipedobates boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Epipedobates,boulengeri,,,,,"(Barbour, 1909)",This species is probably a complex of at least two species (Lötters et al. 2003). 55218,Ameerega braccata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,braccata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 55286,Acris crepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Acris,crepitans,,,,,"Baird, 1854", 55221,Epipedobates espinosai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Epipedobates,espinosai,,,,,"(Funkhouser, 1956)","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It seems to be a junior synonym of Epipedobates boulengeri (Coloma pers. comm.), which itself might be a complex of more than one species." 55222,Ameerega flavopicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,flavopicta,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)","The Bolivian subpopulation is geographically separated from the main subpopulation in Brazil, and has been confirmed as a different species, A. boehmei (Lötters et al. 2007)." 55223,Ameerega hahneli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,hahneli,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)","Haddad and Martins (1994) noted that a similar, apparently unnamed, species occurs in the Amazonian lowlands of Peru, and that the review of Phyllobates pictus by Lescure (1976) is probably based on this species. Silverstone (1976) regarded this species as a pattern class of Phyllobates pictus." 55230,Ameerega petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,petersi,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1976)",One of the Brazilian subpopulations actually belongs to A. ignipedis - misidentified in the field (J. Brown pers. comm. April 2017). 55297,Nyctimantis bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Nyctimantis,bokermanni,,,,,"(Pombal, 1993)",Blotto et al. (2021) redefined Nyctimantis to include Aparasphenodon. 55231,Ameerega picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,picta,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)","The taxon was reviewed and separated into several species by Haddad and Martins (1994). At present this species includes the Venezuelan subpopulation of Heatwole, Heatwole and Solano (1965). It is thought to be a composite species (see Frost 2007)." 55298,Nyctimantis brunoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Nyctimantis,brunoi,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)","Blotto et al. (2021) redefined Nyctimantis to include Aparasphenodon." 55299,Trachycephalus venezolanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,venezolanus,,,,,"(Mertens, 1950)","Originally described under the genus Corythomantis (Mertens 1950), it was later reassigned by Trueb (1970) to the genus Aparasphenon based on morphological characteristics. Recently, Blotto et al. (2021) transferred it to Trachycephalus based on a phylogenetic analysis of the Lophyohylini tribe." 55233,Ameerega pulchripecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,pulchripecta,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1976)", 55240,Ameerega trivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,trivittata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",Guillory et al. (2020) consider Ameerega peruviridis a synonym or nomen dubium of this species. 55300,Aplastodiscus cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,cochranae,,,,,"(Mertens, 1952)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Aplastodiscus perviridis by Garcia et al. (2001). 55301,Aplastodiscus perviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,perviridis,,,,,"Lutz, 1950", 55303,Corythomantis greeningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Corythomantis,greeningi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 55366,Hemiphractus bubalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Hemiphractus,bubalus,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55367,Hemiphractus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Hemiphractus,fasciatus,,,,,"Peters, 1862",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 

A first pass mitochondrial DNA analysis of living specimens from the El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center indicates that this potentially includes several cryptic species (Crawford et al. 2013). Taxonomic revision of this species would likely also lead to the resultant species being listed as Critically Endangered due to the limited number of sites and disappearances from those sites. 55380,Aplastodiscus albosignatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,albosignatus,,,,,"(A. Lutz and B. Lutz, 1938)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55383,Dendropsophus allenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,allenorum,,,,,"(Duellman & Trueb, 1989)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich, et al., 2005). Further taxonomic studies are needed for this species, especially with regards to confusion between Dendropsophus allenorum and D. timbeba." 55385,Bokermannohyla alvarengai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,alvarengai,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1956)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla by Faivovich et al. (2005). 55315,Fritziana fissilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Fritziana,fissilis,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)","The species previously belonged to the family Hylidae (Faivovich, et al., 2005) and was subsequently moved from the genus Flectonotus by Duellman et al. (2011)." 55388,Dendropsophus anataliasiasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,anataliasiasi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1972)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55389,Dendropsophus anceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,anceps,,,,,"(Lutz, 1929)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55317,Fritziana goeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Fritziana,goeldii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)","This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55318,Fritziana ohausi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Fritziana,ohausi,,,,,"(Wandolleck, 1907)",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55393,Dendropsophus araguaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,araguaya,,,,,"(Napoli and Caramaschi, 1998)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55397,Aplastodiscus arildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,arildae,,,,,"(Cruz and Peixoto, 1985)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55329,Gastrotheca cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,cornuta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","The taxonomic relationship between G. cornuta and G. ceratophrys needs to be clarified (L.A. Coloma pers. comm. 2007). It is possible that the specimen collected from Manta Real, Ecuador, represents a new species (A. Almendáriz pers. comm. 2007). Overall, while there appear to be variations between the Central American and South American individuals, Duellmann (2015) noted that they are insufficiently distinguished based on physical characteristics alone and that no clear pattern exists between the variations." 55334,Gastrotheca fissipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,fissipes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55341,Gastrotheca lauzuricae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,lauzuricae,,,,,"De la Riva, 1992","Duellman (2015) placed Gastrotheca lauzuricae (De la Riva 1992) under the synonymy of G. coeruleomaculatus (Werner 1899) (previously in the synonymy of G. marsupiata) based only on the original species' descriptions, and mainly on the fact that presence of blue spots were mentioned in both descriptions. However, no direct comparisons of the types were made. The fact that the type localities of the two species (known only from the respective type material —one specimen for G. lauzuricae and two for G. coeruleomaculatus) are separated by ca 370 km (airline) make it very unlikely that both names represent a single taxon. In addition, Gastrotheca subpopulations in the two areas involve other complex taxonomic problems which affect the use of these names. Preliminary, unpublished data indicate that G. lauzuricae is a junior synonym of G. splendens, and G. coeruleomaculatus might be the available name for a rare, poorly known species from the Yungas de La Paz area (I. De la Riva pers. comm. 2019). 

We depart from the placement of Gastrotheca lauzuricae in synonymy of G. coeruleomaculatus proposed by Duellman (2015) and accepted by Frost (2021), and retain G. lauzuricae as previously recognised, following Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2015)." 55345,Gastrotheca microdiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,microdiscus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1910)",Sachsse et al. (1999) suggested that it is a complex of more than one species. This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae by Faivovich et al. (2005). Gastrotheca fulvorufa was removed from the synonymy of G. microdiscus by Caramaschi and Rodrigues (2007). 55357,Gastrotheca riobambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,riobambae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1913)",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55368,Hemiphractus helioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Hemiphractus,helioi,,,,,"Sheil & Mendelson III, 2001",The disjunct subpopulations in Colombia and Ecuador could pertain to different taxa. Taxonomic research is needed to clarify the identity of these subpopulations. 55371,Hemiphractus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Hemiphractus,scutatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",This genus is included in the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55374,Aplastodiscus albofrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,albofrenatus,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1924)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55376,Boana albomarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,albomarginata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","This name has been widely used for certain frogs from Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and the lower Amazon basin. It is highly likely that the subpopulations along the Caribbean lowlands and the Amazon basin are either specifically distinct (Duellman 1985 In: Frost (ed.), Amph. Species World: 123) or misidentified Boana punctata or Boana cinerascens (Hoogmoed and Gruber 1983; M. Hoogmoed pers. comm. 2018) or other species. For the purpose of this assessment, we treat B. albomarginata as a Brazilian endemic." 55400,Bokermannohyla astartea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,astartea,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1967)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55461,Boana cymbalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,cymbalum,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1963)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55401,Boana atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,atlantica,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Velosa, 1996)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55463,Dendropsophus decipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,decipiens,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is probably a complex of several species (G. Andrade pers. comm.). 55404,Dendropsophus baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,baileyi,,,,,"(Cochran, 1953)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55475,Boana ericae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,ericae,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Cruz, 2000)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55477,Boana exastis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,exastis,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Rodrigues, 2003)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55408,Dendropsophus berthalutzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,berthalutzae,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1962)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55409,Dendropsophus bifurcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,bifurcus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1945)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55479,Boana faber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,faber,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)","It was previously within the genus Hypsiboas, which was recently considered to be a junior synonym of Boana, and therefore transferred to this genus (Faivovich et al. 2005, Dubois 2017)." 55410,Boana lundii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,lundii,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1856)","It was previously known as Hyla biobeba, but taxonomic research has shown that the older name of Hyla lundii is correct (Caramaschi and Napoli 1994). This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 5548,Cristilabrum grossum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,grossum,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 55411,Dendropsophus bipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,bipunctatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55480,Boana fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,fasciata,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55412,Boana bischoffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,bischoffi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55483,Aplastodiscus flumineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,flumineus,,,,,"(Cruz and Peixoto, 1984)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55415,Boana boans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,boans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas by Faivovich et al. (2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana by Dubois (2017).

Boana boans from the Venezuelan Gran Sabana are smaller than those in the lowlands and do not construct basin-like nests; instead, they breed in small, permanent streams. Their discs more closely resemble those of B. wavrini, and the tadpoles are also different. Duellman (1997) concluded that they might be specifically distinct from the widespread B. boans in the lowlands." 55484,Boana fuentei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,fuentei,,,,,"(Goin & Goin, 1968)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005). This species has been synonymized under Boana xerophylla by Orrico et al. (2017) 55486,Dendropsophus gaucheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,gaucheri,,,,,"(Lescure and Marty, 2001)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55487,Boana geographica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,geographica,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich, et al., 2005). This form is probably a complex of more than one species." 55488,Dendropsophus giesleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,giesleri,,,,,"(Mertens, 1950)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55420,Dendropsophus branneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,branneri,,,,,"(Cochran, 1948)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is probably a complex of several species (G. Andrade pers. comm.). 55421,Dendropsophus brevifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,brevifrons,,,,,"(Duellman & Crump, 1974)",

 

5549,Cristilabrum isolatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,isolatum,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 55490,Boana goiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,goiana,,,,,"(Lutz, 1968)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55423,Boana buriti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,buriti,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Cruz, 1999)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55491,Bokermannohyla gouveai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,gouveai,,,,,"(Peixoto and Cruz, 1992)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55424,Dendropsophus cachimbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,cachimbo,,,,,"(Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55425,Boana caingua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,caingua,,,,,"(Carrizo, 1991)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). The subpopulation in Sao Paulo might be a different species." 55426,Boana calcarata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,calcarata,,,,,"(Troschel, 1848)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). This is a species complex (Fouquet et al. 2021)." 55494,Boana cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,cinerascens,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). 

It was considered a synonym of Boana (Hyla) granosa by Hoogmoed and Gruber (1983), and an application to the ICZN was made so that Hyla granosa had priority. However this was not achieved and hence B. cinerascens has priority. Much of the literature on this species refers to Boana (Hyla) granosa. Rivero (1964) noted differences between the northern and southern Venezuelan subpopulations, hence two species might be covered by this name. The subpopulations of French Guiana may belong to an undescribed species (Fouquet et al. 2019)." 55429,Aplastodiscus callipygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,callipygius,,,,,"(Cruz & Peixoto, 1985)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55497,Boana guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1886)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017).  It was formerly considered by some authors (i.e., Miranda Ribeiro 1926, Barrio 1962) to be a synonym of Hypsiboas pulchellus." 55498,Dendropsophus haddadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,haddadi,,,,,"(Bastos and Pombal, 1996)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 

The taxonomic analyses of the D. decipiens lineage by Oliveirai et al. (2021) suggest that records for D. haddadi along the Bahia and Pernambuco coasts (presumably including those of Alagoas and Sergipe) require molecular and acoustic analyses as they were identified based on external morphology and might correspond to D. tapacurensis sp. nov., ""and showed that sequences identified as D. haddadi from Alagoas are genetically more related to the D. decipiens lineage VII of than topotypical sequences of D. haddadi""." 55433,Dendropsophus carnifex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,carnifex,,,,,"(Duellman, 1969)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55434,Bokermannohyla carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Peixoto, 1981)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55437,Aplastodiscus cavicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,cavicola,,,,,"(Cruz and Peixoto, 1984)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55440,Dendropsophus cerradensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,cerradensis,,,,,"(Napoli and Caramaschi, 1998)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005).

This species was described from a single population and may be a synonym of D. jimi, a species morphologically indistinguishable from D. cerradensis and known from several locations in the southern part of the Cerrado, including the municipality of Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Taxonomic and genetic studies are needed to determine whether this species is valid and has a restricted distribution, or whether it is a synonym of D. jimi (P.H. Valdujo pers. comm. 2021)." 55445,Hyla chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,chinensis,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 5545,Cristigibba wesselensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristigibba,wesselensis,,,,,"Cox, 1868", 55450,Boana cipoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,cipoensis,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1968)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55451,Bokermannohyla circumdata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,circumdata,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla by Faivovich et al. (2005). 55452,Boana claresignata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,claresignata,,,,,"(Lutz & Lutz, 1939)", 55453,Boana clepsydra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,clepsydra,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)", 55457,Boana crepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,crepitans,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005). Throughout its extensive range from Central America to eastern Brazil, Hypsiboas crepitans, as now recognized, is variable in coloration, size, advertisement call, and calling sites. Consequently, it is highly likely that several species are recognizable within H. crepitans; one such probable taxon includes the frogs of the Gran Sabana." 55458,Dendropsophus cruzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,cruzi,,,,,"(Pombal and Bastos, 1998)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla until it was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 5546,Cristilabrum bubulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,bubulum,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 55467,Boana dentei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,dentei,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1967)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). The characters reported in the account of the Suriname subpopulation by Ouboter and Jairam (2012) render the specimens to be members of the Boana semilineata group and not the Boana albopunctata group according to Marinho et al. (2020)." 55469,Dendropsophus dutrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,dutrai,,,,,"(Gomes and Peixoto, 1996)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 5547,Cristilabrum buryillum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,buryillum,,,,,"Solem, 1991", 55472,Aplastodiscus ehrhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,ehrhardti,,,,,"(Muller, 1924)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55473,Dendropsophus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,elegans,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55474,Dendropsophus elianeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,elianeae,,,,,"(Napoli and Caramaschi, 2000)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55556,Dendropsophus meridianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,meridianus,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1954)","This species shares many similar morphological traits with D. pseudomeridianus, and further taxonomic work is needed to investigate their relationship to each other (Orrico et al. 2021)." 5550,Cristilabrum monodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,monodon,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 55557,Hyla meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,meridionalis,,,,,"Boettger, 1874",Recent genetic analysis suggests that animals from the Anti Atlas of Morocco are more closely related to populations in Tunisia than to those in the rest of Morocco (Harris et al. 2002). 55500,Dendropsophus haraldschultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,haraldschultzi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1962)", 55559,Boana microderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,microderma,,,,,"(Pyburn, 1977)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55558,Dendropsophus microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,microcephalus,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is probable that this is a complex of several species. Further systematic studies are needed to resolve the taxonomy of the complex. 55560,Dendropsophus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,microps,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is a complex of a few species (S. Potsch de Carvalho-e-Silva pers. comm. 2003, V. Dill pers. comm. 2021)." 55503,Osteocephalus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,helenae,,,,,"Ruthven, 1919","One of the clades assigned to this species in French Guiana and Amapá in Brazil may belong to another species, pending further taxonomic work (P. Kok and A. Fouquet pers. comm. 2017). Until this has been verified, these records are retained under this species concept." 55504,Boana hobbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,hobbsi,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)","It was originally described under the genus Hyla (Cochran and Goin, 1970). Duellman (1974) synonymized it with Hyla punctata, but then it was revalidated by Pyburn (1978). Faivovich et al. (2005) transferred it to the genus Hypsiboas as part of the punctatus group, based only on morphological data. More recently, it was placed in Boana after Dubois (2017) justified the replacement of Hypsiboas with this last genus name. Its phylogenetic relationship within Boana remains untested as this species has not yet been included in any quantitative phylogenetic study." 55572,Aplastodiscus musicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,musicus,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1948)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55506,Bokermannohyla hylax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,hylax,,,,,"(Heyer, 1985)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55574,Dendropsophus nahdereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,nahdereri,,,,,"(B. Lutz and Bokermann, 1963)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55575,Dendropsophus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,nanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is definitely a complex of more than one species. 55508,Aplastodiscus ibirapitanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,ibirapitanga,,,,,"(Cruz, Pimenta and Silvano, 2003)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55576,Bokermannohyla nanuzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,nanuzae,,,,,"(Bokermann & Sazima, 1973)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55509,Bokermannohyla ibitiguara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,ibitiguara,,,,,"(Cardoso, 1983)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 5551,Cristilabrum primum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,primum,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 55578,Dendropsophus novaisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,novaisi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1968)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55510,Bokermannohyla ibitipoca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,ibitipoca,,,,,"(Caramaschi and Feio, 1990)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55511,Hyla imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,imitator,,,,,"(Barbour & Dunn, 1921)","This species is considered incertae sedis, and is presently left in the genus Hyla pending resolution (Faivovich et al. 2005). The taxonomic status of this species is unclear." 55580,Dendropsophus oliveirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,oliveirai,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1963)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is probably a complex of more than one species. 55581,Boana ornatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,ornatissima,,,,,"(Noble, 1923)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55582,Hyloscirtus pacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,pacha,,,,,"(Duellman and Hillis, 1990)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 5552,Cristilabrum rectum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,rectum,,,,,"Solem, 1988", 55588,Boana pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,pardalis,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55520,Dendropsophus jimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,jimi,,,,,"(Napoli & Caramaschi, 1999)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55589,Dendropsophus parviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,parviceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",

 

55521,Dendropsophus joannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,joannae,,,,,"(Köhler and Lötters, 2001)","This species was originally described as Hyla joannae, but Faivovich et al. (2005) transferred it (along with many other Neotropical hylids) to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus." 55522,Boana joaquini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,joaquini,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1968)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). It was removed from the synonymy of Hypsiboas pulchellus by Garcia et al. (2003). More than one species could be covered by this name." 55590,Dendropsophus pauiniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,pauiniensis,,,,,"(Heyer, 1977)","

This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005).


There is uncertainty regarding the taxonomic identity of this species since it is known only from the type series and no subsequent surveys have been made back to the type locality (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021). It could belong to another better-known species in the Dendropsophus parviceps group such as D. koechlini with which it could be synonymous (V.G. Dill Orrico pers. comm. 2021).

" 55526,Dendropsophus koechlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,koechlini,,,,,"(Duellman and Trueb, 1989)",

 

55596,Boana phaeopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,phaeopleura,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Cruz, 2000)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 5553,Cristilabrum simplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,simplex,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 55530,Boana lanciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,lanciformis,,,,,"Cope, 1871","Two subspecies are recognized in Venezuela, according to Barrio et al. (1999): Hypsiboas lanciformis guerreroi and H.l. lanciformis. This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55533,Dendropsophus leali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,leali,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1964)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla then moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It might be a complex of more than one species that needs further revision. De la Riva et al. (2000) discuss the confusion between this species and Dendropsophus rossalleni. Ecuadorian specimens tentatively assigned to D. leali by De la Riva and Duellman (1997) differ in coloration from the holotype and allotype (Duellman 1978). Some subpopulations in Peru and Bolivia may be confused with D. joannae and D. riveroi (Köhler et al. 2005, Duellman 2005)." 55535,Boana leptolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,leptolineata,,,,,"(P. Braun & C. Braun, 1977)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017).

This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation (Estupiñán et al. 2016)." 55536,Boana leucocheila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,leucocheila,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Niemeyer, 2003)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55537,Dendropsophus leucophyllatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,leucophyllatus,,,,,"(Beireis, 1783)",

 

55538,Aplastodiscus leucopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,leucopygius,,,,,"(Cruz & Peixoto, 1985)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55539,Dendropsophus limai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,limai,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1962)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). This form might not be a valid species (M.T. Rodrigues pers. comm. 2004). 5554,Cristilabrum solitudum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,solitudum,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 55543,Bokermannohyla lucianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,lucianae,,,,,"(Napoli and Pimenta, 2003)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55544,Bokermannohyla luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,luctuosa,,,,,"(Pombal and Haddad, 1993)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55547,Boana marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,marginata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55548,Dendropsophus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)",

 This species is easily confused with Dendropsophus acreanus (Melo-Sampaio and Souza 2015).

55549,Bokermannohyla martinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,martinsi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1964)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 5555,Cristilabrum spectaculum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cristilabrum,spectaculum,,,,,"Solem, 1985", 55551,Dendropsophus melanargyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,melanargyreus,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)",It has been considered to be a subspecies of Dendropsophus seniculus (Bokermann 1964). More than one species is probably covered under this name. 55563,Dendropsophus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,minimus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1933)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005).

There is uncertainty regarding the taxonomic identity of this species since only one specimen has been found despite subsequent surveys in the type locality. The specimen most likely belongs to another well-known species from the area (M. Hoogmoed pers. comm. January 2016), such as D. minusculus with which it could be synonymous. The type specimen is a juvenile and quite deteriorated, making it very difficult to compare it with the morphology of other species in the genus (M. Hoogmoed and V.G. Dill Orrico pers. comm. 2021)." 55564,Dendropsophus minusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,minusculus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1971)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005) and is a complex within which the records from the Cordillera de la Costa, Venezuela have been identified as D. aff goughi (C. Señaris pers. comm. February 2020)." 55565,Dendropsophus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,minutus,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)","Dendropsophus minutus is a nominal species, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution (Gehara et al. 2014). Gehara et al. (2014) found 43 lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. In Bolivia, the larvae were characterised and two morphologically, distinguishable species are discernible (Schulze et al. 2015).


" 55569,Dendropsophus miyatai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,miyatai,,,,,"(Vigle and Goberdhan-Vigle, 1990)",

 

55571,Boana multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,multifasciata,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55661,Dendropsophus soaresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,soaresi,,,,,"(Caramaschi and Jim, 1983)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is probably a complex of several species. 55604,Boana picturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,picturata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005), and has now subsequently been moved to Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55672,Hyloscirtus tapichalaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,tapichalaca,,,,,"(Kizirian, Coloma and Paredes-Recalde, 2003)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55605,Scinax pinimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,pinimus,,,,,"(Bokermann & Sazima, 1973)","This species was previously in the genus Hyla, but was then moved to Scinax (Faivovich et al. 2005). Duellman et al. (2016) created the new genus Julianus for the species in the Scinax uruguayus group, but this assessment follows Baldo et al. (2019) in considering Julianus as a synonym of Scinax." 55676,Dendropsophus timbeba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,timbeba,,,,,"(Martins & Cardoso, 1987)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55609,Boana polytaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,polytaenia,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55677,Dendropsophus tintinnabulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,tintinnabulum,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55679,Dendropsophus triangulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,triangulum,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)",Many colour morphs of this species have been recognized taxonomically. 55611,Boana prasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,prasina,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1856)", 55680,Dendropsophus tritaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,tritaeniatus,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1965)","This form is a complex of more than one species (for example, within Bolivia at least two different species are distinguishable)." 55614,Dendropsophus pseudomeridianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,pseudomeridianus,,,,,"(Cruz, Caramaschi and Dias, 2000)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55615,Bokermannohyla pseudopseudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,pseudopseudis,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55684,Scinax uruguayus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,uruguayus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1944)","This species was previously with the genus Hyla, but was recently moved to Scinax (Faivovich et al. 2005). It was removed from the synonymy of Hyla minuta bivittata by Langone (1990). Duellman et al. (2016) erected the new genus Julianus for the species in the Scinax uruguayus group, but this assessment follows Baldo et al. (2019) in considering Julianus as a synonym of Scinax." 55619,Boana pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,pulchella,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich, et al., 2005). Hypsiboas prasinus and H. joaquini are often considered to be subspecies of H. pulchellus. H. cordobae and H. riojanus were previously considered subspecies, but have been recently separated by Faivovich et al. (2004)." 55622,Boana raniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,raniceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55690,Dendropsophus walfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,walfordi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1962)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55623,Bokermannohyla ravida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,ravida,,,,,"(Caramaschi, Napoli and Bernardes, 2001)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55624,Dendropsophus rhea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,rhea,,,,,"(Napoli and Caramaschi, 1999)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005).

There is uncertainty regarding the taxonomic identity of this species because it was described using morphological traits, but it bears great similarities to D. jimi with which it could be synonymous (V.G. Dill Orrico and B. Teixeira pers. comm. 2021)." 55625,Dendropsophus rhodopeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,rhodopeplus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",

 

55693,Boana wavrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,wavrini,,,,,"(Parker, 1936)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). Some specimens identified as Hyla boans in the literature for Venezuelan localities, might represent Hypsiboas wavrini (see Hoogmoed 1990, La Marca 1992)." 55626,Dendropsophus riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,riveroi,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1970)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55694,Dendropsophus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,werneri,,,,,"(Cochran, 1952)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55695,Aplastodiscus weygoldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,weygoldti,,,,,"(Cruz and Peixoto, 1985)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55630,Hypsiboas roeschmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hypsiboas,roeschmanni,,,,,"(DeGrys, 1938)","This name is not assignable to any known species and the type specimen has been destroyed, hence it is considered a nomen dubium. This might not be a valid species." 55698,Dendropsophus xapuriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,xapuriensis,,,,,"(Martins and Cardoso, 1987)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55633,Dendropsophus rossalleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,rossalleni,,,,,"(Goin, 1959)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55634,Dendropsophus rubicundulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,rubicundulus,,,,,"(Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation. 55637,Dendropsophus ruschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,ruschii,,,,,"(Weygoldt and Peixoto, 1987)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55641,Dendropsophus sanborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,sanborni,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1944)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It was resurrected from the synonymy of Dendropsophus nanus by Basso et al. (1985). 55644,Dendropsophus sarayacuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,sarayacuensis,,,,,"(Shreve, 1935)",

 

55647,Hyla savignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,savignyi,,,,,"(Audouin, 1829)","Hyla savignyi is a member of the Hyla arborea complex. It was previously considered to be a subspecies of H. arborea. A new species, Hyla heinzsteinitzi, from Israel, that is related to Hyla savignyi, has recently been described (Grach et al 2007)" 55648,Bokermannohyla saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,saxicola,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1964)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). It was removed from the synonymy of Bokermannohyla pseudopseudis by Pombal and Caramaschi (1995). This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation (Nascimento et al. 2018). 55649,Bokermannohyla sazimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,sazimai,,,,,"(Cardoso and Andrade, 1982)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005).

There are taxonomic uncertainties between B. sazimai and B. nanuzae (P. Garcia pers. comm. 2021). 55651,Boana semiguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,semiguttata,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1925)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005). The recently described Hypsiboas curupi was previously confused under H. semiguttatus, which was redescribed by Garcia et al. (2007). This species was moved subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55652,Boana semilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,semilineata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","There is an undescribed species within B. geographica that is aff. with this species and when further taxonomic studies have been done, it may expand this species ranges into the Guianan Shield (P. Kok and A. Fouquet pers. comm. November 2017)." 55653,Dendropsophus seniculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,seniculus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55654,Aplastodiscus sibilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,sibilatus,,,,,"(Cruz, Pimenta & Silvano, 2003)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55657,Hyla simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,simplex,,,,,"Boettger, 1901",This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Hyla chinensis. Old records of H. chinensis from Viet Nam are probably attributable to this taxon (see Bourret 1942). 55664,Boana stenocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,stenocephala,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Cruz, 1999)", 55666,Dendropsophus studerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,studerae,,,,,"(Carvalho-e-Silva, Carvalho-e-Silva and Izecksohn, 2003)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55703,Agalychnis aspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,aspera,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)", 55762,Lysapsus caraya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Lysapsus,caraya,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1964)", 55704,Agalychnis granulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,granulosa,,,,,"(Cruz, 1989)","This species was previously within the genus Phyllomedusa but moved to the genus Hylomantis (Cruz 1991) and then to Agalychnis (Faivovich et al. 2010), but was moved back to the genus Hylomantis (Duellman et al. 2016)." 5578,Crocidura nimbae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nimbae,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1956",Genetic analysis has identified a distinct sister species Crocidura goliath nimbasilvanus (Jacquet et al. 2013). 55718,Litoria daviesae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,daviesae,,,,,"Mahony, Knowles, Foster and Donnellan, 2001","Litoria daviesae was separated from L. subglandulosa by Mahony et al. (2001).

We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 55789,Osteocephalus buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,buckleyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species. 55790,Osteocephalus cabrerai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,cabrerai,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1970)","This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Osteocephalus buckleyi by Duellman and Mendelson III (1995). However, its taxonomy is still unclear.

Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) noted that previous records from Venezuela are based on specimens of Osteocephalus helenae." 55722,Litoria everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,everetti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 55792,Osteocephalus elkejungingerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,elkejungingerae,,,,,"(Henle, 1981)",The taxonomy of this species is unresolved and is currently undergoing revision (K.-H. Jungfer pers. comm.). This account includes specimens from Peru previously referred to as Osteocephalus verrucigar (K.-H. Jungfer pers. comm.). 55796,Itapotihyla langsdorffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Itapotihyla,langsdorffii,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the monotypic genus Itapotihyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55798,Osteocephalus leprieurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,leprieurii,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)","A taxonomic revision of this species is needed, as it includes a number of unnamed cryptic species within its range (Figueiredo et al. 2021). We follow Jungfer and Hödl (2002) in considering Osteocephalus ayarzaguenai (Gorzula and Señaris, 1997 ""1996"") to be a synonym of O. leprieurii." 55763,Lysapsus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Lysapsus,laevis,,,,,"Parker, 1935", 55764,Lysapsus limellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Lysapsus,limellum,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","Lysapsus limellum occurs only in the Prata and Paraguay River Basins; records from the Amazon basin are L. bolivianus (Aguiar et al. 2007, Garda and Cannatella 2007, Diego Santana and Adrain Garda pers. comm. 2021)." 55800,Dryaderces pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryaderces,pearsoni,,,,,"(Gaige, 1929)", 55802,Osteocephalus subtilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,subtilis,,,,,"Martins and Cardoso, 1987", 55803,Osteocephalus taurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,taurinus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1862",The call variation of this nominal species might conceal a number of cryptic species. 55814,Phasmahyla cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phasmahyla,cochranae,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1966)", 55815,Phasmahyla exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phasmahyla,exilis,,,,,"(Cruz, 1980)", 55816,Phasmahyla guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phasmahyla,guttata,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1925)", 55817,Phasmahyla jandaia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phasmahyla,jandaia,,,,,"(Bokermann and Sazima, 1978)", 55818,Trachycephalus coriaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,coriaceus,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)",This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas which was recently synonymized with Trachycephalus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 5582,Crocidura stenocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,stenocephala,,,,,"Dieterlen & Heim de Balsac, 1979", 55820,Trachycephalus imitatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,imitatrix,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)",Two species are included under this name (A. Kwet pers. comm.). This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas which has since been synonymized with Trachycephalus (Faivovich et al. 2005). Blotto et al. (2021) suggested that the taxonomic status of this taxon relative to Trachycephalus dibernardoi requires additional study. 55821,Trachycephalus lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,lepidus,,,,,"(Pombal, Haddad & Cruz, 2003)",This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas which has since been synonymized with Trachycephalus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55888,Pseudacris brachyphona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,brachyphona,,,,,"(Cope, 1889)", 55822,Trachycephalus mesophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,mesophaeus,,,,,"(Hensel, 1867)","This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas which was synonymized with Trachycephalus by Faivovich et al. (2005). Garcia Marsà et al. (2020) reported the species from Argentina and discussed its range, however, this extension was based on a specimen of Kaloula pulchra (Microhylidae), according to Faivovich and Elias-Costa (2020)." 55823,Trachycephalus resinifictrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,resinifictrix,,,,,"(Goeldi, 1907)","This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas which was recently synonymized with Trachycephalus (Faivovich, et al., 2005)." 55825,Phrynomedusa appendiculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phrynomedusa,appendiculata,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)",This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Phrynomedusa fimbriata by Cruz (1985). 55826,Phrynomedusa bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phrynomedusa,bokermanni,,,,,"Cruz, 1991", 55827,Phrynomedusa marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phrynomedusa,marginata,,,,,"(Izecksohn & Cruz, 1976)", 55828,Phrynomedusa vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phrynomedusa,vanzolinii,,,,,"Cruz, 1991", 55829,Phyllodytes acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,acuminatus,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966", 55897,Pseudacris regilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,regilla,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)","Recuero et al. (2006) examined patterns of mtDNA variation (including new samples and additional samples presented by Ripplinger and Wagner 2004) and reviewed available allozyme data for Pseudacris regilla (sensu lato). They concluded that P. regilla should be partitioned into three species, P. regilla, P. sierra, and P. hypochondriaca (the original proposal included different names based on taxonomic errors that were subsequently corrected). The authors did not provide detailed maps or descriptions of the ranges of the three proposed species and did not describe the contact zones between P. sierra and the other two species." 55831,Phyllodytes brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,brevirostris,,,,,"Peixoto and Cruz, 1988", 55832,Phyllodytes edelmoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,edelmoi,,,,,"Peixoto, Caramaschi and Freire, 2003", 55833,Phyllodytes gyrinaethes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,gyrinaethes,,,,,"Peixoto, Caramaschi and Freire, 2003", 55834,Phyllodytes kautskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,kautskyi,,,,,"Peixoto and Cruz, 1988", 55835,Phyllodytes luteolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,luteolus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)",This form is probably a complex of several species (O. L. Peixoto pers. comm.). P. wuchereri was recently revalidated by Caramaschi et al. (2004). 55836,Phyllodytes melanomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,melanomystax,,,,,"Caramaschi, Da Silva and Britto-Pereira, 1992", 55837,Phyllodytes tuberculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,tuberculosus,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966",


55841,Phyllomedusa bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,bicolor,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1772)", 55842,Phyllomedusa boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,boliviana,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902",This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation. 55843,Agalychnis buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,buckleyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species was previously within the genus Phyllomedusa but was moved to the genus Hylomantis (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to Agalychnis (Frost 2014). The distribution in Colombia would suggest that there are perhaps two different species in that country. 55844,Phyllomedusa burmeisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,burmeisteri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 55845,Phyllomedusa camba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,camba,,,,,"De la Riva, 1999", 55849,Phyllomedusa distincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,distincta,,,,,"B. Lutz, 1950", 55854,Phyllomedusa iheringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,iheringii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885",The Argentinian population might be Phyllomedusa tetraploidea (see Pombal and Haddad 1992). 55863,Phyllomedusa sauvagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,sauvagii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 55864,Phyllomedusa tarsius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,tarsius,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","Duellman (1997) doubted that the subpopulation on Trinidad (the type locality of P. trinitatis) were distinct from P. tarsius.

Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) doubt the presence of Phyllomedusa tarsius sensu stricto in Venezuela. Previous reports from southeastern Venezuela were meant to be P. trinitatis (Barrio-Amorós 2009) or are very distinct from P. tarsius sensu stricto, as individuals from the Andean piedmont reported by La Marca (1996) and Markezich (1998) are much smaller and the iris pattern is much less reticulated than on Ecuadorian (near type locality) specimens. This could indicate a putative new species of the tarsius group in western Venezuela." 55865,Phyllomedusa tetraploidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,tetraploidea,,,,,"Pombal and Haddad, 1992", 55868,Phyllomedusa vaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,vaillantii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 55956,Scinax funereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,funereus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 55957,Scinax fuscomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,fuscomarginatus,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1925)",This species is a complex of more than one species. 55900,Pseudis bolbodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudis,bolbodactyla,,,,,"A. Lutz, 1925","This species was placed in the synonymy of Pseudis paradoxa by Gallardo (1961), but was re-validated by Caramaschi and Cruz (1998)." 55959,Scinax garbei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,garbei,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)",Some specimens of this taxon in Venezuela have been referred to as Hyla boulengeri and H. garbei. 55901,Pseudis cardosoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudis,cardosoi,,,,,"Kwet, 2000", 55958,Scinax fuscovarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,fuscovarius,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)","This form is probably a complex of several species. Scinax trachythorax and S. megapodius are treated as separate species by some authors, but the most recent review of Hylidae considers them both to be a synonym of S. fuscovarius (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55902,Pseudis fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudis,fusca,,,,,"Garman, 1883",Caramaschi and Cruz (1998) revalidated this species and resurrected it from the synonymy of Pseudis paradoxa. 55903,Pseudis minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudis,minuta,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 55960,Scinax granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,granulatus,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1961)","This form is a complex of more than one species. Scinax eringiophilus has been synonymised with this species by Kwet (2001)." 55904,Pseudis paradoxa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudis,paradoxa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Six subspecies were recognized by Gallardo (1961). On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis and pair-wise comparisons among gene sequences, Aguiar-Jr et al. (2007) recommend that subspecies of Pseudis paradoxa, including P. platensis, be considered full species. However, Garda et al. (2010) and Santana et al. (2016) suggested that P. platensis may not be distinguishable from this species." 55970,Scinax lindsayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,lindsayi,,,,,"Pyburn, 1992","Scinax lindsayi seems similar to S. baumgardneri, and could be a synonym. Fresh material of both taxa and direct comparison with types could corroborate this supposition (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019)." 55905,Pseudis tocantins,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudis,tocantins,,,,,"Caramaschi and Cruz, 1998", 55971,Ololygon littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,littoralis,,,,,"(Pombal & Gordo, 1991)", 55972,Ololygon littoreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,littoreus,,,,,"Peixoto, 1988", 55973,Ololygon longilinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,longilinea,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1968)", 55974,Ololygon luizotavioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,luizotavioi,,,,,"Caramaschi & Kisteumacher, 1989", 55975,Ololygon machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,machadoi,,,,,"(Bokermann & Sazima, 1973)", 55977,Scinax maracaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,maracaya,,,,,"Cardoso and Sazima, 1980",The species name is a noun in apposition and therefore does not change with the gender of the generic name. 55979,Ololygon melloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,melloi,,,,,"Peixoto, 1989", 55980,Scinax nasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,nasicus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)",This form is a complex of more than one species. 55981,Scinax nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,nebulosus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",Lescure and Marty (2000) placed Scinax cynocephala in the synonymy of Scinax nebulosus. This is probably a complex of more than one species. 55982,Ololygon obtriangulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,obtriangulata,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1973)", 55984,Scinax pachycrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,pachycrus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)", 55985,Scinax parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,parkeri,,,,,"(Gaige, 1929)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Scinax fuscomarginatus by Duellman and Wiens (1992) and De la Riva, Marquez and Bosch (1997)." 55986,Scinax pedromedinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,pedromedinae,,,,,"(Henle, 1991)","

There is a good possibility that many or all specimens referred to S. nebulosus from central and western Brazil and Bolivia in fact are S. pedromedinae (Hoogmoed and Ávila-Pires 2012 ""2011"").

" 55987,Scinax perereca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,perereca,,,,,"Pombal, Haddad and Kasahara, 1995", 55988,Ololygon perpusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,perpusilla,,,,,"(B. Lutz & A. Lutz, 1939)",Peixoto (1988) noted that this name covers a complex of species. 55921,Scinax acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,acuminatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 55922,Ololygon agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,agilis,,,,,"(Cruz & Peixoto, 1983)", 55923,Ololygon albicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,albicans,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1967)", 55990,Scinax quinquefasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,quinquefasciatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1913)",This form might be a complex of more than one species (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm.). The relationship between this species and Scinax elaeochroa needs to be investigated; they might be conspecific (K.-H. Jungfer pers. comm.). J. Lynch and K.-H. Jungfer (pers. comm.) consider that Colombian subpopulations might belong to S. elaeochroa. 55924,Ololygon alcatraz,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,alcatraz,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1973)",This species was removed from synonymy (as a subspecies) of Scinax catharinae by Peixoto (1988). 55991,Ololygon ranki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,ranki,,,,,"(Andrade & Cardoso, 1987)", 55992,Ololygon rizibilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,rizibilis,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1964)", 55926,Scinax alter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,alter,,,,,"(Lutz, 1973)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Scinax catharinae, without comment, by Potsch de Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto (1991). It was treated as a synonym of Scinax rubra by Duellman and Wiens (1993). Pombal, Haddad and Kasahara (1995), Pombal, Bastos and Haddad (1995), and S. Potsch de Carvalho-e-Silva (pers. comm.) noted that there might be several species covered by the name Scinax alter." 55927,Ololygon angrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,angrensis,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1973)",

In the Scinax catharinae group of Faivovich et al. (2005). Many species in this group - including this one - require further taxonomic work to clarify the identity of certain records and the boundaries of their distributions.

55994,Scinax ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,ruber,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","This form is probably a complex of more than one species. Distribution and specimens of this species are historically confused in Venezuela with those of Scinax x-signatus. Fouquet et al. (2007) showed at least six cryptic species could be hidden under the name. Based on molecular evidence, it is thought that three different species exist under this binomial in Colombia alone (Guarnizo et al. 2016)." 55928,Ololygon arduous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,arduous,,,,,"(Peixoto, 2002)", 55995,Scinax similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,similis,,,,,"(Cochran, 1952)", 55929,Ololygon argyreornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,argyreornata,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)", 55996,Scinax squalirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,squalirostris,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)","It is probably a complex of more than one species. Geographic variation amongst subpopulations of Scinax squalirostris shows evidence that the subpopulation from Cristalina Municipality (state of Goiás, Brazil) might be a distinct species (Faria et al. 2013)." 55930,Ololygon ariadne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,ariadne,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1967)", 55998,Ololygon strigilata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,strigilata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",Previously this name had not been assigned to a species group or to any known population in the wild (Duellman and Wiens 1992) as the holotype was lost. Pimenta et al. (2007) redescribed the species and designated a neotype. 55931,Ololygon atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,atrata,,,,,"(Peixoto, 1989)",


55999,Scinax sugillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,sugillatus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1973)", 55932,Scinax auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,auratus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)",This could be a complex of more than one species (C. Arzabe pers. comm.). 55934,Ololygon berthae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,berthae,,,,,"(Barrio, 1962)", 55936,Scinax boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,boesemani,,,,,"(Goin, 1966)", 55938,Ololygon brieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,brieni,,,,,"(De Witte, 1930)","Haddad and Pombal (1987) removed this species from the synonymy of Scinax catharinae, without comment." 55939,Scinax caldarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,caldarum,,,,,"Lutz, 1968",This species belongs to the Scinax ruber group of Pombal et al. (1995). 55940,Ololygon canastrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,canastrensis,,,,,"(Cardoso & Haddad, 1982)", 55941,Scinax cardosoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,cardosoi,,,,,"(Carvalho e Silva and Peixoto, 1991)", 55942,Ololygon carnevallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,carnevallii,,,,,"Caramaschi & Kisteumacher, 1989", 55944,Ololygon catharinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,catharinae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","Many of the subspecies cited by Lutz (1973) and by Duellman (1977) are recognizable as distinct species. Although this taxon is probably composed of a complex of species, it was considered as a taxonomic unit for this assessment." 55945,Ololygon centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,centralis,,,,,"(Pombal & Bastos, 1996)", 55946,Scinax chiquitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,chiquitanus,,,,,"(De la Riva, 1990)","De la Riva et al. (2000) point out that the males in the Peruvian site have pronounced coloration patterns, very different from those in Bolivia. The taxonomic status of the Peruvian specimens should be reviewed." 55947,Scinax crospedospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,crospedospilus,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1925)", 55948,Scinax cruentommus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,cruentommus,,,,,"Duellman, 1972",This species might consist of a complex of more than one species. 55949,Scinax cuspidatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,cuspidatus,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1925)","This species is probably a complex of several species (B. Pimenta pers. comm. 2004, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 55951,Scinax duartei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,duartei,,,,,"(Lutz, 1951)","Pombal, Haddad and Kasahara (1995) and C.A.G. Cruz (pers. comm.) noted that this name might cover more than one species. A new species, Scinax curicica, was recently separated from S. duartei (Pugliese et al., 2004)." 55953,Scinax eurydice,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,eurydice,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1968)",It is probably a complex of several species (A. Carnaval pers. comm.) 55954,Scinax exiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,exiguus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1986)","In the Scinax staufferi group, according to Duellman (1986). In the Scinax ruber clade, but unassigned to any group (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55955,Ololygon flavoguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,flavoguttata,,,,,"(A. Lutz & B. Lutz, 1939)", 55961,Scinax hayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,hayii,,,,,"(Barbour, 1909)", 55962,Ololygon heyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,heyeri,,,,,"Peixoto & Weygoldt, 1986",In the Scinax catharinae group of Faivovich et al. (2005). Many species in this group - including this one - require further taxonomic work to clarify the identity of certain records and the boundaries of their distributions. 55963,Ololygon hiemalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,hiemalis,,,,,"(Haddad & Pombal, 1987)", 55964,Ololygon humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,humilis,,,,,"(A. Lutz & B. Lutz, 1954)", 55965,Scinax ictericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,ictericus,,,,,"Duellman and Wiens, 1993", 55966,Scinax jolyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,jolyi,,,,,"Lescure and Marty, 2001",This species boundaries with other described species that are supposed to occur throughout Amazonia (i.e. the S. garbei complex) remain ambiguous (A. Fouquet pers. comm. 2022). 55967,Ololygon jureia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,jureia,,,,,"(Pombal & Gordo, 1991)", 55968,Ololygon kautskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,kautskyi,,,,,"Carvalho-e-Silva & Peixoto, 1991", 56001,Ololygon trapicheiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,trapicheiroi,,,,,"(A. Lutz & B. Lutz, 1954)", 56002,Scinax trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,trilineatus,,,,,"(Hoogmoed and Gorzula, 1979)", 56003,Ololygon v-signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,v-signata,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1968)", 56005,Scinax x-signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,x-signatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",This is most likely a species complex. There are at least five species in Venezuela under this name (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019). 56077,Afrixalus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1974","Afrixalus brachycnemis and Afrixalus septentrionalis had been synonymized and treated as subspecies of A. stuhlmanni in some literature (e.g. Pickersgill 2005, Ohler and Frétey 2014), but they are retained as separate species here until the taxonomy has been resolved (M. Menegon pers. comm. April 2015).
" 56012,Sphaenorhynchus bromelicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,bromelicola,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966","This species is similar to Sphaenorhynchus orophilus, according to the original description." 56013,Sphaenorhynchus carneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,carneus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 56015,Sphaenorhynchus lacteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,lacteus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 56016,Sphaenorhynchus orophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,orophilus,,,,,"(A. Lutz and B. Lutz, 1938)", 56017,Sphaenorhynchus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,palustris,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966","Araújo-Vieira et al. (2019) revised the Sphaenorhynchus genus based on molecular and morphological traits, including analysis of genetic material from the S. palustris type series, and based on the results limited S. palustris to its type locality. All other records of this species were assigned to S. botocudo, S. prasinus, S. planicola, S. mirim, or S. cammaeus (J.V. Lacerda, P. Peloso, F. Hepp, J. Gasparini pers. comm. October 2021)." 56018,Gabohyla pauloalvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Gabohyla,pauloalvini,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1973)","This species was previously included in the genus Sphaenorhynchus but has recently been moved to the genus Gabohyla (Araujo-vieira et al. 2020). It is similar to Sphaenorhynchus prasinus, according to the original description." 56019,Sphaenorhynchus planicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,planicola,,,,,"(A. Lutz and B. Lutz, 1938)", 56020,Sphaenorhynchus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,platycephalus,,,,,"(Werner, 1894)",Sphaenorhynchus orophilus was synonymised with this species by Araujo-Vieira et al. (2018). 56021,Sphaenorhynchus prasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,prasinus,,,,,"Bokermann, 1973","This species is similar to Sphaenorhynchus planicola according to the original description. Indeed, their ranges overlap in Bahia and Espirito Santo (I. Machado pers. comm. 2021)." 56022,Sphaenorhynchus surdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,surdus,,,,,"(Cochran, 1953)",Some subpopulations formerly considered under Sphaenorhunchus surdus are now allocated to Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii (Toledo et al. 2007). 56048,Trachycephalus atlas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,atlas,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966", 56050,Trachycephalus nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,nigromaculatus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838", 56053,Xenohyla truncata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Xenohyla,truncata,,,,,"(Izecksohn, 1959)", 56194,Hyperolius raveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,raveni,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius kivuensis, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. There is some dispute in literature on whether this species is valid or not, and for the purposes of this assessment we are retaining it as a valid species following Lötters et al. (2004)." 56132,Hyperolius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,fasciatus,,,,,"(Ferreira, 1906)","This species might be a synonym of Hyperolius platyceps, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild." 56280,Leptopelis rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,rufus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1874", 56299,Adelophryne adiastola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Adelophryne,adiastola,,,,,"Hoogmoed & Lescure, 1984", 56356,Crossodactylus trachystomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,trachystomus,,,,,"(Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)", 56357,Cycloramphus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,asper,,,,,"Werner, 1899",The records of this species are old and there is no new material to compare and certify the identity of the species (P. Garcia pers. comm. Brazil Red List Assessment Workshop 2021). 56300,Adelophryne baturitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Adelophryne,baturitensis,,,,,"Hoogmoed, Borges & Cascon, 1994", 56359,Cycloramphus bolitoglossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,bolitoglossus,,,,,"(Werner, 1897)",This could be a species complex composed of at least three lineages. It is uncertain whether all records in the state of Paraná refer to this species. A new species is being described for the Babitonga region (J. Monteiro pers. comm. 2021). 56358,Cycloramphus bandeirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,bandeirensis,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56302,Adelophryne maranguapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Adelophryne,maranguapensis,,,,,"Hoogmoed, Borges & Cascon, 1994", 56303,Adelophryne pachydactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Adelophryne,pachydactyla,,,,,"Hoogmoed, Borges & Cascon, 1994", 56360,Cycloramphus boraceiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,boraceiensis,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56304,Adenomera andreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,andreae,,,,,"(Müller, 1923)","The name Adenomera andreae is composed by a clade of species not well defined yet, widely distributed in the Amazon forest, and with some sympatric and syntopic species (Fouquet et al. 2014, Carvalho et al. 2019, Thiago de Carvalho pers. comm. 2020). Cryptic species associated with the morphotype of A. andreae are expected to be concentrated in Amazonian regions across north-central Peru, eastern Ecuador, southern Colombia and Venezuela, and northwestern Brazil (Fouquet et al. 2014). According to Carvalho et al. (2019), the combined use of acoustic and genetic data is necessary to better understand this species complex.

The specimens from the eastern slopes of the Venezuelan Andes have been identified as Adenomera aff. simonstuarti (C. Señaris pers. comm. February 2020). One of the paratypes of A. andreae, a forest-associated species with toe tips fully expanded, shares a morphotype with the open-habitat species and is reassigned to A. hylaedactyla by de Carvalho et al. (2019)." 56370,Cycloramphus granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,granulosus,,,,,"Lutz, 1929", 56305,Adenomera araucaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,araucaria,,,,,"Kwet & Angulo, 2002", 56371,Cycloramphus izecksohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,izecksohni,,,,,"Heyer, 1983",Sampling efforts and the use of integrative taxonomy tools are needed to resolve the taxonomic status of this species. Records from Paraná and São Paulo States could be another species instead of C. izecksohni (Brazil Red List Assessment 2021). 56306,Adenomera bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,bokermanni,,,,,"(Heyer, 1973)",This species is composed of several cryptic species (A. Kwet pers. comm.). 56372,Megaelosia jordanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Megaelosia,jordanensis,,,,,"(Heyer, 1983)",This species has been moved to the genus Phantasmarana by Vittorazzi et al. (2021). 56307,Adenomera diptyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,diptyx,,,,,"(Boettger, 1885)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus hylaedactylus by De la Riva (1995).

Subpopulations outside of the Pantanal biome in Brazil possibly do not correspond to this species (Workshop on Assessment of the conservation status of Pantanal amphibian species 2020). 56373,Cycloramphus juimirim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,juimirim,,,,,"Haddad and Sazima, 1989", 56308,Adenomera heyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,heyeri,,,,,"Boistel, Massary & Angulo, 2006","This species was firstly described only from its type locality and a nearby site in French Guiana (Boistel et al. 2006). Its potential distribution was confirmed over most forested parts of the northern Guiana Shield lowlands (Fouquet et al. 2011). Carvalho et al. (2020) revised the systematics and historical biogeography of the Adenomera heyeri clade and uncovered ten new candidate species with interfluve associated distributions across Amazonia, and formally described six new species from the clade." 56374,Cycloramphus lutzorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,lutzorum,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56309,Adenomera hylaedactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,hylaedactyla,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","This form is a complex of more than one species currently undergoing revision (A. Angulo pers comm. 2008). Brusquetti and Lavilla (2006) suggested that Paraguayan records previously assigned to this species are based on misidentifications, probably belonging to Adenomera diptyx following De la Riva (1996). Fouquet et al. (2019) noted that the inselberg subpopulation of southern French Guiana and farther south is unlikely to be conspecific with the nominate species found along the coast. 

Morphology of toe tip fragments and the original species description suggest that A. hylaedactyla could correspond to at least two described species (A. andreae or A. simonstuarti) or additional unnamed genetic lineages of the A. andreae clade. While additional data can be obtained from the holotype of A. hylaedactyla, at this time this type cannot be unequivocally assigned to any species of Adenomera distributed across eastern Ecuador and Peru’s northernmost region of Loreto (de Carvalho et al. 2019).

Several linages belonging to the Adenomera hylaedactyla clade have been identified in the Brazilian biomes of Amazonia, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest (de Carvalho et al. 2019). These authors attributed a pan-Amazonian distribution for the nominal A. hylaedactyla and discussed that linages outside the Amazon biome may be undescribed species and needs to be studied further." 56375,Cycloramphus migueli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,migueli,,,,,"Heyer, 1988", 56376,Cycloramphus mirandaribeiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,mirandaribeiroi,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56377,Cycloramphus ohausi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,ohausi,,,,,"(Wandolleck, 1907)", 56311,Adenomera marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,marmorata,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867",This species is a complex of several cryptic species. Kwet (2007) recently removed Adenomera nana from the synonymy with Adenomera marmorata. 56378,Cycloramphus rhyakonastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,rhyakonastes,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56312,Adenomera martinezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,martinezi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1956)", 56379,Cycloramphus semipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,semipalmatus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Cycloramphus asper by Heyer (1983). 56380,Cycloramphus stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Noble, 1924)", 56381,Cycloramphus valae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,valae,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56385,Edalorhina perezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Edalorhina,perezi,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1870", 56389,Pristimantis acerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,acerus,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1980)", 56391,Eleutherodactylus acmonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,acmonis,,,,,"Schwartz, 1960", 56327,Barycholos pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Barycholos,pulcher,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 56393,Pristimantis actites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,actites,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56328,Barycholos ternetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Barycholos,ternetzi,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)", 56397,Eleutherodactylus adelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,adelus,,,,,"Diaz, Cadiz & Hedges, 2003","The species rank of this taxon is supported by phenotypic and genetic data (Díaz et al. 2003, Rodriguez et al. 2011)." 56335,Ceratophrys aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,aurita,,,,,"(Raddi, 1823)", 56337,Ceratophrys cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,cornuta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 56338,Ceratophrys cranwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,cranwelli,,,,,"Barrio, 1980", 56339,Ceratophrys joazeirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,joazeirensis,,,,,"Mercadal, 1986","This species is an octoploid species most closely related to Ceratophrys ornata according to Mercedal de Barrio (1986), but it is genetically distinct." 56340,Ceratophrys ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,ornata,,,,,"(Bell, 1843)","Brusquetti and Lavilla (2006) suggested that reports of this species for Paraguay are based on specimens of Ceratophrys cranwelli. The historical record of “Montevideo, Uruguay” based on a specimen deposited in the Royal Museum of Natural History of Belgium (Museu Royal d 'Histoire Naturelle, Brussels) (Cochran 1955) requires confirmation (Maneyro et al. 2019)." 56342,Ceratophrys testudo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,testudo,,,,,"Andersson, 1945",This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Ceratophrys cornuta by Mercadal (1988). 56344,Crossodactylodes bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Crossodactylodes,bokermanni,,,,,"Peixoto, 1983", 56345,Crossodactylodes izecksohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Crossodactylodes,izecksohni,,,,,"Peixoto, 1983", 56346,Crossodactylodes pintoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Crossodactylodes,pintoi,,,,,"Cochran, 1938", 56347,Crossodactylus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,aeneus,,,,,"Müller, 1924",The validity of this species is in doubt (Pimenta pers. comm.). 56348,Crossodactylus bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,bokermanni,,,,,"Caramaschi and Sazima, 1985", 56349,Crossodactylus caramaschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,caramaschii,,,,,"Bastos & Pombal, 1995", 56350,Crossodactylus dantei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,dantei,,,,,"Carcerelli & Caramaschi, 1993","Records from the Serra da Jibóia, municipality of Amargosa, Bahia State over 500 km to the southwest have been proposed as belonging to this species (V.G. Dill Orrico pers. comm. 2021). However, there are questions about the validity of these records owing to the distance from the type locality. They are excluded from this concept pending confirmation of their identity." 56351,Crossodactylus dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,dispar,,,,,"A. Lutz, 1925", 56352,Crossodactylus gaudichaudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,gaudichaudii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1841", 56353,Crossodactylus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,grandis,,,,,"B. Lutz, 1951", 56354,Crossodactylus lutzorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,lutzorum,,,,,"Carcerelli & Caramaschi, 1993", 56355,Crossodactylus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Crossodactylus,schmidti,,,,,"Gallardo, 1961", 56361,Cycloramphus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 56362,Cycloramphus carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,carvalhoi,,,,,"Heyer, 1983","

This concept previously bore the name Cycloramphus carvalhoi (Heyer 1983). Following the accidental confusion between Zachaneus carvalhoi and Cycloramphus carvalhoi due to changes made by Dubois et al. (2021), C. carvalhoi has been renamed as C. heyeri (Segalla et al. 2021).

" 56363,Cycloramphus catarinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,catarinensis,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56364,Cycloramphus cedrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,cedrensis,,,,,"Heyer, 1983", 56365,Cycloramphus diringshofeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,diringshofeni,,,,,"Bokermann, 1957", 56366,Cycloramphus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,dubius,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)", 56367,Cycloramphus duseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,duseni,,,,,"(Andersson, 1914)",


56368,Cycloramphus eleutherodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,eleutherodactylus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)", 56369,Cycloramphus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,fuliginosus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838", 56462,Eleutherodactylus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,bilineatus,,,,,"Bokermann, 1975","Canedo and Haddad (2012) suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that this species is not an Eleutherodactylus or Ischnocnema, but rather of uncertain position, likely close to Noblella + Barycholos within Holoadeninae (Frost 2015). This species was transferred from Eleutherodactylus to Bahius by Dubois et al. (2021)." 56463,Haddadus binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Haddadus,binotatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",This species is a complex of several species requiring systematic revision (S.P. de Carvalho-e-Silva pers. comm.). 56403,Eleutherodactylus albipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,albipes,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1937","The species rank of this taxon, originally assessed with morphologic data, has not been validated by genetic data." 56466,Eleutherodactylus blairhedgesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,blairhedgesi,,,,,"Estrada, Diaz & Rodriguez, 1997",The species rank of this taxon originally assessed with morphologic data has not been validated by genetic data. 56407,Pristimantis altamazonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,altamazonicus,,,,,"(Barbour & Dunn, 1921)","Ortega-Andrade et al. (2017) resurrected Pristimantis brevicrus from the synonymy of this species and noted two allied unnamed species in Bolivia and Brazil, usually referred to as Pristimantis altamazonicus." 56480,Pristimantis buccinator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,buccinator,,,,,"(Rodrìguez, 1994)", 56481,Pristimantis buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,buckleyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species requires taxonomic revision (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2021). 56422,Strabomantis anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,anomalus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56499,Ceuthomantis cavernibardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Ceuthomantis,cavernibardus,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)","

Described originally in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Myers and Donnelly 1997), then subsequently transferred to Pristimantis by Heinicke et al. (2007), and posteriorly to Ceuthomantis by Heinicke et al. (2009) whom also erected a new family, Ceuthomantidae, for this taxon. This diverse group of Terrarana is still under phylogenetic revision, and different family and subfamily arrangements for the genus Ceuthomantis have been suggested (Pyron and Wiens 2011, Padial et al. 2014, Heinicke et al. 2018) (see Frost 2019 for a summary). In all these studies, Ceuthomantis appears as the most basal lineage within the Terrarana (New World direct-developing frogs).

The specimens reported as Pristimantis cf. cavernibardus from the Cerro Sarisariñama by Barrio-Amorós and Brewer-Carías (2008), were described two years later as a new species, Ceuthomantis duellmani (Barrio-Amorós 2010).

" 56434,Eleutherodactylus atkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,atkinsi,,,,,"Dunn, 1925", 56436,Pristimantis atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,atratus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56441,Eleutherodactylus auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,auriculatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56446,Niceforonia babax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,babax,,,,,"(Lynch, 1989)", 56450,Pristimantis balionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,balionotus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56452,Eleutherodactylus bartonsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,bartonsmithi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1960", 56453,Pristimantis baryecuus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,baryecuus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56470,Ischnocnema bolbodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,bolbodactyla,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1925)", 56473,Eleutherodactylus bresslerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,bresslerae,,,,,"Schwartz, 1960",The species rank of this taxon originally assessed with morphologic data has not been validated by genetic data. 56562,Eleutherodactylus dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56565,Pristimantis dissimulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,dissimulatus,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1997)", 56502,Strabomantis cerastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,cerastes,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)", 56505,Pristimantis chalceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,chalceus,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)", 56578,Eleutherodactylus emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,emiliae,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 56581,Ischnocnema epipeda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,epipeda,,,,,"(Heyer, 1984)", 56509,Pristimantis chiastonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,chiastonotus,,,,,"(Lynch and Hoogmoed, 1977)",Fouquet et al. (2019) suggested that this nominal species is a complex. 56585,Pristimantis ernesti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ernesti,,,,,"(Flores, 1987)", 56586,Ischnocnema erythromera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,erythromera,,,,,"(Heyer, 1984)", 56514,Pristimantis citriogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,citriogaster,,,,,"(Duellman, 1992)", 56590,Eleutherodactylus etheridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,etheridgei,,,,,"Schwartz, 1958", 56591,Pristimantis eugeniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,eugeniae,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1997)", 56521,Pristimantis conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,conspicillatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 56595,Pristimantis exoristus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,exoristus,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56524,Strabomantis cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,cornutus,,,,,"(Jiménez dela Espada, 1871)", 56599,Pristimantis fenestratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,fenestratus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)","Motta et al. (2018) on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence divergence suggested that this nominal species is composed of at least two species. Records from Acre, Pará, and Maranhão states, Brazil, were excluded by Araujo de Oliveira et al. (2019), as applying to unnamed species, recognized on molecular evidence." 56529,Pristimantis cremnobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cremnobates,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1980)", 56530,Pristimantis crenunguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,crenunguis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 56531,Oreobates crepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,crepitans,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1965)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Pristimantis fenestratus by Heyer and Muñoz (1999), where it had been placed by Lynch (1980).The phylogenetic relationships of members of Oreobates are not fully resolved, and deserves further study and that should shed light on the origin and diversification of the group in those habitats. A rigorous reassessment of the identity of the Bolivian populations would require gathering additional specimens from the type localities of O. crepitans and O. heterodactylus to assess intraspecific variation (Padial et al. 2012)." 56534,Pristimantis crucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,crucifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 56538,Pristimantis cryophilius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cryophilius,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)",This taxon represents a species complex (J.C. Sánchez pers comm. 2016). 56541,Eleutherodactylus cubanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,cubanus,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1937", 56555,Pristimantis delius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,delius,,,,,"(Duellman and Mendelson III, 1995)", 56557,Pristimantis devillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,devillei,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1880)", 56571,Pristimantis duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,duellmani,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 56573,Pristimantis dundeei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,dundeei,,,,,"(Heyer and Muñoz, 1999)", 56574,Eleutherodactylus eileenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,eileenae,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 56660,Eleutherodactylus iberia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,iberia,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1996",Genetic evidence suggests that this taxon is conspecific with Eleutherodactylus limbatus (Rodríguez et al. 2013). Additional taxonomic studies are needed to validate its species rank. 56662,Pristimantis ignicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ignicolor,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1980)", 56604,Pristimantis floridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,floridus,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1997)", 56674,Eleutherodactylus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,intermedius,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1937", 56676,Pristimantis inusitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,inusitatus,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1980)", 56677,Eleutherodactylus ionthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,ionthus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1960","Taxonomy of Cuban bromeliad frogs need to be revisited since populations of Eleutherodactylus ionthus and E. guantanamera could be confused at some localities; thus, even distributions must be reassessed in the future. The advertisement call as it was originally described is difficult to distinguish between both species (L.M. Díaz pers. comm. 2020). Coloration pattern is not a completely diagnostic character for these and other species of the E. varians group (Díaz and Cádiz 2008)." 56679,Ischnocnema izecksohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,izecksohni,,,,,"(Caramaschi and Kisteumacher, 1989 "1988")", 56611,Pristimantis ganonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ganonotus,,,,,"(Duellman and Lynch, 1988)","It has not been included in phylogenies based on genetic traits, so its evolutionary relationships are still uncertain. It has not yet been assigned to any group of species." 56612,Ischnocnema gehrti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,gehrti,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Ischnocnema bolbodactyla by Pombal and Cruz (1999). 56682,Eleutherodactylus jaumei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,jaumei,,,,,"Estrada & Alonso, 1997", 56613,Pristimantis gentryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,gentryi,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1997)", 56616,Eleutherodactylus glamyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,glamyrus,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1997", 56619,Pristimantis glandulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,glandulosus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1880)", 56689,Ischnocnema juipoca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,juipoca,,,,,"(Sazima and Cardoso, 1978)", 56690,Pristimantis karcharias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,karcharias,,,,,"(Flores and Rodrìguez, 1997)", 56693,Eleutherodactylus klinikowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,klinikowskii,,,,,"Schwartz, 1959", 56694,Pristimantis labiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,labiosus,,,,,"(Lynch, Ruíz-Carranza and Ardila-Robayo, 1994)", 56695,Pristimantis lacrimosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lacrimosus,,,,,"(Jimenez de la Espada, 1875)",This taxon is believed to consist of a complex of more than one species. 56696,Ischnocnema lactea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,lactea,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923)","This is a restricted concept of I. lactea, that occurs only from São Paulo State. The subpopulations from Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo states refer to other species, not yet named (Thomé et al. 2020)." 56630,Pristimantis grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,grandoculis,,,,,"(Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904)",This species is considered to be a synonym of Pristimantis marmoratus by Hoogmoed (pers. comm.). 56632,Eleutherodactylus greyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,greyi,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 56635,Ischnocnema gualteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,gualteri,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1974)", 56636,Eleutherodactylus guanahacabibes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,guanahacabibes,,,,,"Estrada & Rodriguez, 1985",Genetic evidence suggests that this taxa belongs to the Eleutherodactylus planirostris/guanahacabibes species complex (Heinicke et al. 2011) genetic introgression might be common among these frogs and additional studies are needed to validate its species rank. 56637,Eleutherodactylus guantanamera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,guantanamera,,,,,"Hedges, Estrada & Thomas, 1992", 56638,Ischnocnema guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,guentheri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)","

In 2004, Ischnocnema guentheri was known to occur in Argentina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Kwet and Solé (2005) removed I. henselii from the synonymy of I. guentheri and reassigned the subpopulations from Argentina and some from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil to I. henselii. However, the map in the 2008 Red List assessment did not remove these records in error. This is corrected in the 2021 map. Gehara et al. (2013) subsequently assigned additional records of I. guentheri from Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo to I. henselii. In addition to this, Gehara et al. (2013) also identified that some records from Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais states also belong to four other unnamed species (represented as Candidate Species 1–4 in Gehara et al. 2013). These subpopulations are retained within the distribution map until they are formally assigned to other species and coded as Presence Uncertain. Therefore, this concept of Ischnocnema guentheri is restricted to an area within the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

" 56642,Eleutherodactylus gundlachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,gundlachi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1920", 56644,Pristimantis gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,gutturalis,,,,,"(Hoogmoed, Lynch and Lescure, 1977)", 56646,Pristimantis hamiotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,hamiotae,,,,,"(Flores, 1993)", 56649,Strabomantis helonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,helonotus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)", 56653,Oreobates heterodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,heterodactylus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)", 56655,Ischnocnema hoehnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,hoehnei,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1959)", 56656,Ischnocnema holti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,holti,,,,,"(Cochran, 1948)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Ischnocnema nigriventris by Heyer (1985). This concept remains a complex of several species. Furthermore, it is easily confused with several congeners: Ischnocnema bolbodactyla, I. gehrti, I. nigriventris (Targino et al. 2018)." 56700,Pristimantis lanthanites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lanthanites,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)",There might be several species confused under this name. 56771,Pristimantis modipeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,modipeplus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1981)", 56706,Pristimantis latidiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,latidiscus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",Crawford et al. (2013) detected potential cryptic lineages within this taxon. 56708,Eleutherodactylus leberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,leberi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1965", 56778,Pristimantis muricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,muricatus,,,,,"(Lynch and Miyata, 1980)", 56781,Pristimantis myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,myersi,,,,,"(Goin and Cochran, 1963)", 56784,Ischnocnema nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,nasuta,,,,,"(A. Lutz, 1925)", 56717,Pristimantis librarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,librarius,,,,,"(Flores and Vigle, 1994)","Because of its close resemblance with the abundant and widespread Pristimantis ockendeni, it is probable that specimens of this species are misidentified in museum collections. 

Specimens previously reported from Morona Santiago (e.g., QCAZA41883, QCAZA41884) actually belong to other species, such as Pristimantis incomptus (M. Ortega-Andrade pers. comm. 2021). The specimen from the locality Serena Village, Río Jatun Yacu, Napo Province (Elmer 2004) is now assigned to Pristimantis matidiktyo (Ortega-Andrade and Valencia 2012). Specimens reported from Loreto, Peru actually correspond to Pristimantis academicus (QCAZ 55641–42 = IIAP 501/502; M. Ortega-Andrade unpubl. data. 2021)." 56719,Eleutherodactylus limbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,limbatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56790,Ischnocnema nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,nigriventris,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Eleutherodactylus bolbodactylus (Pombal and Cruz 1999). 56723,Pristimantis lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lividus,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1980)", 56791,Pristimantis nigrogriseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,nigrogriseus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1945)","Some subpopulations may be misidentifications (J.C. Sánchez, M. Yañez-Muñoz, J. Brito, R. Betancourt and P. Szekely pers. comm. 2016)." 56798,Pristimantis nyctophylax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,nyctophylax,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 56731,Pristimantis luscombei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,luscombei,,,,,"(Duellman and Mendelson III, 1995)", 56732,Pristimantis luteolateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,luteolateralis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)","Some authors (e.g., Arteaga et al. 2013, Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2009) have confused intermediate elevation subpopulations of P. luteolateralis with P. walkeri (Arteaga-Navarro et al. 2016)." 56740,Ischnocnema manezinho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,manezinho,,,,,"(Garcia, 1996)", 56742,Eleutherodactylus mariposa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,mariposa,,,,,"Hedges, Estrada & Thomas, 1992", 56743,Pristimantis marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,marmoratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 5675,Croilia mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Croilia,mossambica,,,,,"Smith, 1955", 56754,Eleutherodactylus melacara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,melacara,,,,,"Hedges, Estrada & Thomas, 1992", 56803,Pristimantis ockendeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ockendeni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)",This species is believed to be a multi-complex of more than one species. The southern and northern populations in Ecuador are probably separate species; specimens from Manaus in Amazonian Brazil might be incorrectly identified. 56804,Pristimantis ocreatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ocreatus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1981)", 56805,Ischnocnema octavioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,octavioi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1965)", 56806,Ischnocnema oea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,oea,,,,,"(Heyer, 1984)", 56878,Pristimantis prolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,prolatus,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1980)",This is a species complex (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2021). 56812,Pristimantis orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,orcesi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1972)","A taxonomic review to resolve the status of the species complex is needed (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2021)." 56884,Pristimantis pteridophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pteridophilus,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1997)", 56814,Pristimantis orestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,orestes,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56815,Eleutherodactylus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,orientalis,,,,,"(Barbour & Shreve, 1937)", 56816,Pristimantis ornatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ornatissimus,,,,,"(Despax, 1911)",Recent taxonomic analyses have revealed that P. ornatissimus may include more than one species (M.H. Yánez-Muñoz pers. comm.). 56889,Ischnocnema pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,pusilla,,,,,"Bokermann, 1967","This species is in the Ischnocnema parva group of Hedges et al. (2008), Canedo and Haddad (2012), and Padial et al. (2014). There are concerns about its validity." 56890,Pristimantis pycnodermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pycnodermis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56892,Pristimantis pyrrhomerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pyrrhomerus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)","The forms in the north (Imbabura and Pichincha) and south (Bolivar) of this range pertain to undescribed species (Rojas Runjaic 2012, Franco Mena 2020, Ecuador National Red List Assessment Workshop 2020)." 56898,Pristimantis ramagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ramagii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 56899,Ischnocnema randorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,randorum,,,,,"(Heyer, 1985)", 56830,Pristimantis parvillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,parvillus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)",Subpopulations of the south and the dry coast are believed to correspond to another undescribed species (M. Yánez-Muñoz pers. comm. 2020). 56831,Ischnocnema parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,parva,,,,,"(Girard, 1853)","This is a complex comprising many species (C.A.G. Cruz pers. comm. 2004, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 56832,Pristimantis pastazensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pastazensis,,,,,"(Andersson, 1945)", 56835,Pristimantis paulodutrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,paulodutrai,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1975)","Canedo and Haddad (2012) suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that this species falls within the Pristimantis conspicillatus group and may represent a species complex. Included in the P. conspicillatus species group by Padial et al. (2014).

A record for Alagoas, Brazil, provided by Lima and Skuk (2006) may represent P. ramagii. Napoli et al. (2009) provided additional karyological evidence for the distinctiveness of this taxon from P. ramagii and discussed the lack of any definitive morphological features between the two species. This record is omitted from the distribution of this concept.

Records from Sergipe are considered misidentifications and in fact to belong to P. vinhai (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 56845,Pristimantis percultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,percultus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56848,Pristimantis peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,peruvianus,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)",This species is possibly a complex of more than one species (De la Riva et al. 2000). 56851,Eleutherodactylus pezopetrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pezopetrus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1960", 56854,Pristimantis philipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,philipi,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1995)", 56859,Eleutherodactylus pinarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pinarensis,,,,,"Dunn, 1926","Some historic records of Eleutherodactylus pinarensis might refer to juveniles of E. klinikowskii, and so are not included here (L. Díaz pers. comm.)." 56868,Haddadus plicifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Haddadus,plicifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 56965,Pristimantis simonbolivari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,simonbolivari,,,,,"(Wiens and Coloma, 1992)", 56981,Pristimantis subsigillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,subsigillatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 56983,Strabomantis sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,sulcatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 56986,Pristimantis surdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,surdus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 56915,Eleutherodactylus ricordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,ricordii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)", 56988,Eleutherodactylus symingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,symingtoni,,,,,"Schwartz, 1957", 56919,Pristimantis riveti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,riveti,,,,,"(Despax, 1911)", 56920,Eleutherodactylus rivularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,rivularis,,,,,"Diaz, Estrada & Hedges, 2001", 56922,Eleutherodactylus ronaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,ronaldi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1960", 56998,Pristimantis tenebrionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tenebrionis,,,,,"(Lynch and Miyata, 1980)", 56927,Pristimantis rubicundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rubicundus,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)", 56935,Pristimantis ruidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ruidus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56944,Ischnocnema sambaqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,sambaqui,,,,,"(Castanho and Haddad, 2000)", 56968,Eleutherodactylus simulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,simulans,,,,,"Diaz & Fong, 2001", 56970,Pristimantis skydmainos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,skydmainos,,,,,"(Flores & Rodriguez, 1997)", 56971,Pristimantis sobetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,sobetes,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 56972,Ischnocnema spanios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,spanios,,,,,"(Heyer, 1985)", 56975,Pristimantis spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,spinosus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 57000,Pristimantis terraebolivaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,terraebolivaris,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)", 57001,Eleutherodactylus tetajulia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,tetajulia,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1996", 57003,Eleutherodactylus thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,thomasi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1959",

Eleutherodactylus thomasi is composed by three subspecies (Díaz and Cádiz 2008). Hedges et al. (2008) announced that they may be distinct species.

57064,Pristimantis zeuctotylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,zeuctotylus,,,,,"(Lynch and Hoogmoed, 1977)", 57005,Pristimantis thymalopsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,thymalopsoides,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 57076,Eupsophus contulmoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,contulmoensis,,,,,"Ortiz, Ibarra-Vidal & Formas, 1989","Only the biological subpopulation at the type locality is known for certain as Eupsophus contulmoensis (C. Castro and F. Rabanal pers. comms. 2015). Biological subpopulations outside of the type locality have varying morphs and their identity is unclear. However, for the purposes of this assessment and until such time as these subpopulations' identities are resolved, they are considered under the nominal form of Eupsophus contulmoensis.

It was removed from the synonymy of Eupsophus roseus by Suárez-Villota et al. (2018), where it had been placed by Correa-Quezada et al. (2017)." 57078,Eupsophus nahuelbutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,nahuelbutensis,,,,,"Ortiz & Ibarra-Vidal, 1992","Removed from the synonymy of Eupsophus roseus by Suárez-Villota et al. (2018), where it had been placed by Correa-Quezada et al. (2017)." 57009,Eleutherodactylus toa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,toa,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1991", 57082,Holoaden luederwaldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Holoaden,luederwaldti,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920", 57083,Hydrolaetare dantasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Hydrolaetare,dantasi,,,,,"Bokermann, 1959.",This species was moved from the genus Leptodactylus to the genus Hydrolaetare by de Souza and Haddad (2003). 57084,Hydrolaetare schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Hydrolaetare,schmidti,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1959)",This species was redescribed as Hydrolaetare schmidti by Gallardo (1963). 57085,Hylodes amnicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,amnicola,,,,,"Pombal, Feio and Haddad, 2002", 57016,Pristimantis truebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,truebae,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1997)", 57086,Hylodes asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,asper,,,,,"(Müller, 1924)",The grammatically incorrect name Hylodes asperus has had some use. 57087,Hylodes babax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,babax,,,,,"Heyer, 1982", 57088,Hylodes charadranaetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,charadranaetes,,,,,"Heyer and Cocroft, 1986", 57019,Eleutherodactylus turquinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,turquinensis,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1937", 57089,Hylodes dactylocinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,dactylocinus,,,,,"Pavan, Narvaes and Rodrigues, 2001", 57090,Hylodes glaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,glaber,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)",The incorrect spelling Hylodes glabrus has had some use. 57091,Hylodes heyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,heyeri,,,,,"Haddad, Pombal and Bastos, 1996", 57092,Hylodes lateristrigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,lateristrigatus,,,,,"(Baumann, 1912)", 57024,Pristimantis unistrigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,unistrigatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 57093,Hylodes magalhaesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,magalhaesi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1964)", 57094,Hylodes meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,meridionalis,,,,,"(Mertens, 1927)", 57095,Hylodes mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,mertensi,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1956)", 57096,Hylodes nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,nasus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","The 2004 assessment reported that this concept ""might be a complex of more than one species."" Since that time, the 2004 distribution, which extended from the state of Rio de Janeiro to the northeastern corner of the state of Santa Catarina has been revised and records reassigned to species in the Hylodes nasus and H. lateristrigatus groups. For example, inland Rio de Janeiro state records belong to H. lateristrigatus (de Sá et al. 2015); other coastal records from Rio de Janeiro and northeastern São Paulo states belong to H. asper (Canedo and Pombal-Jr. 2007); southeastern São Paulo and eastern Paraná states belong to H. cardosoi (Lingnau et al. 2008); records from Santa Catarina state belong to H. perplicatus (Lingnau et al. 2008)." 57097,Hylodes ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,ornatus,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1967)", 57029,Pristimantis variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,variabilis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1968)",This taxon may be a multi-complex of more than one species. 57098,Hylodes otavioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,otavioi,,,,,"Sazima and Bokermann, 1982", 57030,Eleutherodactylus varians,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,varians,,,,,"(Gundlach & Peters in Peters, 1864)", 57099,Hylodes perplicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,perplicatus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)", 57031,Eleutherodactylus varleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,varleyi,,,,,"Dunn, 1925", 57033,Ischnocnema venancioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,venancioi,,,,,"(B. Lutz, 1959)", 57040,Pristimantis vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,vertebralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1886)", 57042,Pristimantis vidua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,vidua,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)",It is a species complex. 57044,Pristimantis vilarsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,vilarsi,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)","The species was redescribed by Barrio-Amorós and Molina (2006) based on morphological features and colour patterns of additional specimens. Eleutherodactylus stegolepis (Schlüter and Rödder 2007 ""2006"") is a junior synonym according to Kok and Barrio-Amorós (2013)." 57045,Pristimantis vinhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,vinhai,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1975)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species and requires taxonomic investigation (Trevisan et al. 2020). 57051,Pristimantis walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,walkeri,,,,,"(Lynch, 1974)", 57065,Eleutherodactylus zeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,zeus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1958", 57069,Eleutherodactylus zugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,zugi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1958", 57071,Euparkerella brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Euparkerella,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Parker, 1926)", 57072,Euparkerella cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Euparkerella,cochranae,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1988", 57073,Euparkerella robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Euparkerella,robusta,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1988", 57074,Euparkerella tridactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Euparkerella,tridactyla,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1988", 57157,Leptodactylus podicipinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,podicipinus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 57100,Hylodes phyllodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,phyllodes,,,,,"Heyer and Cocroft, 1986", 57160,Leptodactylus rhodomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,rhodomystax,,,,,"Boulenger, 1884",Fouquet et al. (2019) suggested that this binomial represents a species complex. Records from southern Venezuela are misidentified specimens of L. riveroi (Heyer and Pyburn 1983). Gorzula and Señaris (1998) confused a large specimen of L. guianensis (as L. bolivianus) with L. rhodomystax (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019). 57101,Hylodes regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,regius,,,,,"Gouvêa, 1979", 57159,Leptodactylus pustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,pustulatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 57102,Hylodes uai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,uai,,,,,"Nascimento, Pombal Jr. and Haddad, 2001", 57161,Leptodactylus rhodonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,rhodonotus,,,,,"(Gunther, 1868)", 57103,Hylodes vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Hylodes,vanzolinii,,,,,"Heyer, 1982", 57105,Oreobates quixensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,quixensis,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1872", 57174,Leptodactylus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,viridis,,,,,"Jim and Spirandelli-Cruz, 1973",

In the Leptodactylus latrans group of de Sá et al. (2014). This species is a complex of at least three undescribed species (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021).

57175,Leptodactylus wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,wagneri,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)","This species is in the Leptodactylus melanonotus group, Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus complex (Heyer 1994). Fouquet et al. (2007) provided molecular evidence that this is a species complex" 57176,Limnomedusa macroglossa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Limnomedusa,macroglossa,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)", 57108,Lynchius simmonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Lynchius,simmonsi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1974)", 57177,Lithodytes lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Lithodytes,lineatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)", 57109,Ischnocnema verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Ischnocnema,verrucosa,,,,,"Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862","Lynch (1972) provides a discussion on the nomenclatural confusion surrounding this species, together with a redescription of the holotype." 57178,Macrogenioglottus alipioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Macrogenioglottus,alipioi,,,,,"Carvalho, 1946", 57179,Megaelosia apuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Megaelosia,apuana,,,,,"Pombal, Prado and Canedo, 2003", 57110,Lepidobatrachus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Lepidobatrachus,asper,,,,,"Budgett, 1899", 57180,Megaelosia bocainensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Megaelosia,bocainensis,,,,,"Giaretta, Bokermann and Haddad, 1993",This species has been moved to the genus Phantasmarana by Vittorazzi et al. (2021). 57111,Lepidobatrachus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Lepidobatrachus,laevis,,,,,"Budgett, 1899", 57181,Megaelosia boticariana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Megaelosia,boticariana,,,,,"Giaretta and Aguiar, 1998", 57182,Megaelosia goeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Megaelosia,goeldii,,,,,"(Baumann, 1912)", 57183,Megaelosia lutzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Megaelosia,lutzae,,,,,"Izecksohn & Gouvêa, 1987", 57114,Leptodactylus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,bolivianus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","We follow Heyer (1968, 1974) and Savage (2002) in considering Leptodactylus insularum to be a synonym of L. bolivianus. Further investigations into the taxonomic status of animals from southern South America currently alloted to L. bolivianus is needed." 57184,Megaelosia massarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLODIDAE,Megaelosia,massarti,,,,,"(De Witte, 1930)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Megaelosia goeldii by Giaretta et al. (1993), where it had been placed by Lutz (1930)." 57115,Leptodactylus bufonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,bufonius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 57116,Leptodactylus caatingae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,caatingae,,,,,"Heyer and Junca, 2003","This form was previously included within Leptodactylus latinasus, but it is now considered to be a distinct species." 57117,Leptodactylus camaquara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,camaquara,,,,,"Sazima and Bokermann, 1978", 57118,Leptodactylus chaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,chaquensis,,,,,"Cei, 1950",This species is a complex of more than one species. 57188,Odontophrynus carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,carvalhoi,,,,,"Savage & Cei, 1965", 5712,Cryptazeca kobelti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Cryptazeca,kobelti,,,,,"Gittenberger, 1983", 57190,Odontophrynus cultripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,cultripes,,,,,"Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862","Lavilla et al. (2000) do not recognize the presence of this species in Argentina, and there are no specimens from Paraguay in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay." 57120,Leptodactylus cunicularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,cunicularius,,,,,"Sazima and Bokermann, 1978", 57191,Odontophrynus lavillai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,lavillai,,,,,"Cei, 1985", 57121,Leptodactylus didymus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,didymus,,,,,"Heyer, Garcia-Lopez & Cardoso, 1996", 57192,Proceratophrys moratoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,moratoi,,,,,"(Jim & Caramaschi, 1980)", 57122,Leptodactylus diedrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,diedrus,,,,,"Heyer, 1995","This species is in the <i>Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus</i> complex, according to the original description. Heyer (1998) suggested that this species might be the sister taxon of <i>Vanzolinius</i>." 57194,Proceratophrys salvatori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,salvatori,,,,,"(Caramaschi, 1996)","

As suggested by Amaro et al. (2009), the species Odontophrynus salvatory was formally transfered to the genus Proceratophrys (Magalhães et al. 2020).

" 57124,Leptodactylus elenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,elenae,,,,,"Heyer, 1978", 57195,Paratelmatobius cardosoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Paratelmatobius,cardosoi,,,,,"Pombal and Haddad, 1999",This concept is a complex of at least three species (Santos et al. 2020). 57196,Paratelmatobius mantiqueira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Paratelmatobius,mantiqueira,,,,,"Pombal and Haddad, 1999", 57126,Leptodactylus flavopictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,flavopictus,,,,,"Lutz, 1926", 57197,Paratelmatobius poecilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Paratelmatobius,poecilogaster,,,,,"Giaretta and Castanho, 1990", 57128,Leptodactylus furnarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,furnarius,,,,,"Sazima and Bokermann, 1978", 57129,Leptodactylus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,fuscus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation (Fouquet et al. 2007, Guarnizo et al. 2016). Based on molecular evidence, it is possible that a cryptic species exists within the subpopulation found in Bolivia (Jansen et al. 2011) and that two species exist within the subpopulation in Colombia (Guarnizo et al. 2016)." 57130,Leptodactylus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,gracilis,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)",This species is a complex of more than one species. 57133,Leptodactylus hylodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,hylodes,,,,,"(Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862)","Heyer (2000) reviewed the nomenclatural and taxonomic history of the nominal species, redescribed the lectotype, and posited that it represents a species of Leptodactylus currently known only from the type specimen. However, Heyer pointed out that this appears to be a juvenile individual, making it unreliable for identifying the species. In view of the lack of records despite surveys over the decades, it is likely that the specimen assigned this name is a misidentification of a syntopic species such as L. vastus or L. natalensis (E. Dias pers. comm. 2021)." 57134,Leptodactylus jolyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,jolyi,,,,,"Sazima and Bokermann, 1978",Leptodactylus jolyi was redescribed on the basis of adult morphology and calls (Giaretta and Costa 2007). 57135,Leptodactylus knudseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,knudseni,,,,,"Heyer, 1972", 57137,Leptodactylus labyrinthicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,labyrinthicus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Subpopulations from the coastal areas of Venezuela formerly allocated to this taxon, are now considered to be a distinct species, Leptodactylus turimiquensis (Heyer 2005). This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation (Jansen et al. 2011, Jansen and Schultze 2012)." 57139,Leptodactylus latinasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,latinasus,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1875",This form is probably a complex of more than one species. 57140,Leptodactylus leptodactyloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,leptodactyloides,,,,,"(Andersson, 1945)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus wagneri by Heyer (1994), who provided an account and considered it to be in the Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus complex." 57142,Leptodactylus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,longirostris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 57145,Leptodactylus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,myersi,,,,,"Heyer, 1995.", 57146,Leptodactylus mystaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,mystaceus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","The frogs identified as Leptodactylus mystaceus in Paraguay are actually L. elenae. Heyer (1983) synonymized Leptodactylus amazonicus Heyer, 1978 with this species." 57147,Leptodactylus mystacinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,mystacinus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1861)",This species is probably a complex of more than one species. 57148,Leptodactylus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,natalensis,,,,,"Lutz, 1930","This species is in the Leptodactylus wagneri-Leptodactylus podicipinus complex. It is well delimited after a recent review of the Leptodactylus melanonotus group, however, not yet published (T. de Carvalho pers. comm. 2020). Formerly called Leptodactylus gr. melanonotus or L. petersii, L. leptodactyloides and Leptodactylus sp. along the Cerrado. Occurrences in the Cerrado were not included in the systematic review published by de Sá et al. (2014)." 57150,Leptodactylus notoaktites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,notoaktites,,,,,"Heyer, 1978", 57151,Leptodactylus latrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,latrans,,,,,"(Steffen, 1815)", 57152,Leptodactylus pallidirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,pallidirostris,,,,,"Lutz, 1930","This form is probably a complex of more than one species. It was removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus podicipinus by Heyer (1994) where it had been placed by Heyer (1970). In the past, Venezuelan populations were referred in the literature as Leptodactylus wagneri. At least the lowland populations in this country seem to correspond to L. pallidirostris." 57154,Leptodactylus pentadactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,pentadactylus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Central American records of Leptodactylus formerly allocated to L. pentadactylus are now recognised as the distinct species L. savagei (Heyer 2005).

Vouchers absent from Venezuelan museums (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019); all pentadactylus-like frogs from southern Venezuela identified as Leptodactylus knudseni. Heyer’s (2005) review of the pentadactylus species group does not mention any voucher from Venezuela. De Sá et al. (2014) show four Venezuelan localities in a distribution map, but without vouchers. Nonetheless, this species is maintained in the Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela by Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019)." 57155,Leptodactylus petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,petersii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Leptodactylus podicipinus by Heyer (1994) where it had been placed by Rivero (1961), and (as a synonym of Leptodactylus caliginosus) by Boulenger (1882).

Currently, the species is well delimited after a systematic review of the Leptodactylus melanonotus species group (de Sá et al. 2014, Gazoni et al. 2021). Specimens from Cerrado that were previously named as Leptodactylus gr. melanonotus, Leptodactylus petersii or Leptodactylus leptodactyloides should now be treated as Leptodactylus natalensis (Gazoni et al. 2021). Therefore, the application of this name outside the Amazon biome may be a mistake (T. de Carvalho pers. comm. 2020).


Gazoni et al. (2021) did not find any specimen of L. petersii from Ecuador at the QCAZ collection using DNA sequences and morphological evidence. A previous report from Ecuador by Ron (2002) was based on a series of specimens from Provincia Sucumbíos (QCAZ 20242–7). Subsequently, the specimens were examined by Thiago R. de Carvalho, who suggested that the series should probably be conspecific with L. wagneri. 

" 57156,Leptodactylus plaumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,plaumanni,,,,,"Ahl, 1936", 57163,Leptodactylus riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,riveroi,,,,,"Heyer and Pyburn, 1983", 57165,Leptodactylus sabanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,sabanensis,,,,,"Heyer, 1994","This species is assigned to the Leptodactylus melanonotus species group based on its morphology, although it was not included in the molecular analysis by De Sá et al. (2014)." 57167,Leptodactylus spixi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,spixi,,,,,"Heyer, 1983","The species in different localities in southeastern and northeastern Brazil, correspond to Leptodactylus barrioi or L. watu, or additional candidate new species (Silva et al. 2020)." 57168,Leptodactylus stenodema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,stenodema,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1875", 57169,Leptodactylus syphax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,syphax,,,,,"Bokermann, 1969", 57170,Leptodactylus tapiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,tapiti,,,,,"Sazima and Bokermann, 1978", 57171,Leptodactylus troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,troglodytes,,,,,"Lutz, 1926", 57172,Leptodactylus validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,validus,,,,,"Garman, 1888 "1887"",This species was included within Leptodactylus wagneri by Schwartz and Henderson (1991). This form might be a complex of more than one species (R. Powell pers comm.). 57262,Physalaemus lisei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,lisei,,,,,"Braun and Braun, 1977", 57263,Physalaemus maculiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,maculiventris,,,,,"(Lutz, 1925)", 57265,Physalaemus moreirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,moreirae,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)", 57264,Engystomops montubio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,montubio,,,,,"(Ron, Cannatella & Coloma, 2004)",In the Duovox clade of Ron et al. (2006). 57266,Physalaemus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,nanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 57267,Physalaemus nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,nattereri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1863", 57278,Physalaemus soaresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,soaresi,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1965", 57279,Physalaemus spiniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,spiniger,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)", 57280,Phyzelaphryne miriamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Phyzelaphryne,miriamae,,,,,"Heyer, 1977", 57281,Pleurodema bibroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,bibroni,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838","The allopatry of the subpopulations from Uruguay and Brazil has led to the suggestion that it is more than one taxon (Camargo et al. 2005, Machado and Maltchik 2007, Lema and Martins 2011). It was long confused with Pleurodema thaul, until the work of Donoso-Barros (1969). In Paraguay, this taxon was previously confused with Physalaemus fuscomaculatus (Cei 1990, Kolenc et al. 2011)." 57283,Pleurodema brachyops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,brachyops,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)", 57286,Pleurodema diplolister,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,diplolister,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 57293,Proceratophrys appendiculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,appendiculata,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 57294,Proceratophrys avelinoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,avelinoi,,,,,"Mercadal del Barrio and Barrio, 1993", 57295,Proceratophrys bigibbosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,bigibbosa,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)",Proceratophrys palustris is similar to this species. 57296,Proceratophrys boiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,boiei,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)",This species is a complex of several species (S. Potsch de Carvalho-e-Silva and A. Carnaval pers. comm.). 57297,Proceratophrys brauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,brauni,,,,,"Kwet and Faivovich, 2001", 57298,Proceratophrys concavitympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,concavitympanum,,,,,"Giaretta, Mernarde & Kokubum, 2000", 57299,Proceratophrys cristiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,cristiceps,,,,,"(Müller, 1884)", 57233,Noblella lochites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,lochites,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 57235,Noblella myrmecoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,myrmecoides,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 57237,Physalaemus aguirrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,aguirrei,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966", 57238,Physalaemus albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,albifrons,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",This species is a complex comprising several species (G. Andrade pers. comm.). Records from Argentina are apparently based on confusion with Physalaemus biligonigerus. 57239,Physalaemus albonotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,albonotatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)",This species is a sibling species of Physalaemus cuvieri and Physalaemus cuqui. It is probably a complex of more than one species. 57240,Physalaemus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,atlanticus,,,,,"Haddad & Sazima, 2004", 57241,Physalaemus barrioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,barrioi,,,,,"Bokermann, 1967", 57242,Physalaemus biligonigerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,biligonigerus,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)",This species is probably a complex of more than one species. 57243,Physalaemus bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,bokermanni,,,,,"Cardoso & Haddad, 1985", 57244,Physalaemus caete,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,caete,,,,,"Pombal and Madureira, 1997", 57245,Physalaemus centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,centralis,,,,,"Bokermann, 1962","Jansen et al. (2011) suggested on the basis of molecular data the existence of unnamed cryptic species, possibly two, in Bolivia. Schulze et al. (2015) characterized as Physalaemus centralis A and B, noting substantial differences from Brazilian Physalaemus centralis from São Paulo. Description, diagnosis, and picture of the larvae characterized as Physalaemus centralis A and B was published by Schulze et al. (2015), where the authors evidenced substantial differences from Brazilian Physalaemus centralis from São Paulo and genetic differences from each other." 57246,Physalaemus cicada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,cicada,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966", 57247,Engystomops coloradorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,coloradorum,,,,,"(Cannatella & Duellman, 1984)",In the Duovox clade of Ron et al. (2006). 57248,Physalaemus crombiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,crombiei,,,,,"Heyer and Wolf, 1989", 57250,Physalaemus cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,cuvieri,,,,,"Fitzinger, 1826","The Physalaemus cuvieri species group represents a complex of cryptic species (Lourenço et al. 2015). Nascimento et al. (2019) reported on the phylogenetics of the Physalaemus ephippifer–Physalaemus cuvieri group, suggesting that Physalaemus cuvieri is a complex of at least six species." 57251,Physalaemus deimaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,deimaticus,,,,,"Sazima & Caramaschi, 1988", 57252,Physalaemus ephippifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,ephippifer,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)","Nascimento et al. (2019) reported on the phylogenetics of the Physalaemus ephippifer–Physalaemus cuvieri group, suggesting that the Guianan/Venezuelan subpopulations belong to an unnamed species." 57253,Physalaemus erythros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,erythros,,,,,"Caramaschi, Feio and Guimarães-Neto, 2003", 57254,Physalaemus evangelistai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,evangelistai,,,,,"Bokermann, 1967", 57257,Physalaemus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)","Nascimento et al. (2006) associate Gomphobates marmoratus to the genus Physalaemus, and indicate that this name refers to specimens previously identified as Physalaemus fuscomaculatus. All literature prior to 2006 using the name Physalaemus fuscomaculatus should be used with great caution and with reference to the discussion provided by Nascimento et al. (2006)." 57258,Physalaemus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,gracilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species. 57259,Physalaemus henselii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,henselii,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)", 57260,Physalaemus jordanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,jordanensis,,,,,"Bokermann, 1967", 57261,Physalaemus kroyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,kroyeri,,,,,"(Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862)", 57268,Physalaemus obtectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,obtectus,,,,,"Bokermann, 1966", 57269,Physalaemus olfersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,olfersii,,,,,"(Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856)", 57273,Engystomops randi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,randi,,,,,"(Ron, Cannatella & Coloma, 2004)",In the Duovox clade of Ron et al. (2006). 57274,Physalaemus riograndensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,riograndensis,,,,,"Milstead, 1960", 57275,Physalaemus rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,rupestris,,,,,"Caramaschi, Carcerelli and Feio, 1991", 57277,Physalaemus signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,signifer,,,,,"(Girard, 1853)", 57300,Proceratophrys cururu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,cururu,,,,,"Eterovick and Sazima, 1998",This species is similar to Proceratophrys cristiceps and P. goyana according to the original description. 57301,Proceratophrys fryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,fryi,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 57302,Proceratophrys goyana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,goyana,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937", 57303,Proceratophrys laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,laticeps,,,,,"Izecksohn and Peixoto, 1981", 57366,Telmatobius vellardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,vellardi,,,,,"Munsterman & Leviton, 1959", 57304,Proceratophrys melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,melanopogon,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)", 57305,Proceratophrys moehringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,moehringi,,,,,"Weygoldt and Peixoto, 1985", 57306,Proceratophrys palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,palustris,,,,,"Giaretta & Sazima, 1993", 57307,Proceratophrys phyllostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,phyllostomus,,,,,"Izecksohn, Cruz & Peixoto, 1999", 57308,Proceratophrys schirchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,schirchi,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)", 57381,Philoria pughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Philoria,pughi,,,,,"Knowles, Mahony, Armstrong and Donnellan, 2004", 57309,Proceratophrys subguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,subguttata,,,,,"Izecksohn, Cruz & Peixoto, 1999", 57382,Philoria richmondensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Philoria,richmondensis,,,,,"Knowles, Mahony, Armstrong and Donnelan, 2004", 57310,Pseudopaludicola boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,boliviana,,,,,"Parker, 1927","De la Riva et al. (2000) point out that more studies on its phylogenetic relations and its taxonomic status are necessary. As presently understood, this taxon is likely to be a complex of species in need of critical review (Myers and Donnelly, 2001). Venezuelan localities south of the Orinoco river, assigned previously by Lynch (1979) to P. pusilla are here considered to be P. boliviana." 57311,Pseudopaludicola canga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,canga,,,,,"Giaretta & Kokubum, 2003",Carvalho et al. (2015) suggested that on the basis of morphology and acoustic characteristics that Pseudopaludicola parnaiba is not diagnosable from Pseudopaludicola canga but did not make the taxonomic change. Recently it was considered as a junior synonym of P. canga by Andrade et al. (2020). 57313,Pseudopaludicola falcipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,falcipes,,,,,"(Hensel, 1867)", 57315,Pseudopaludicola mineira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,mineira,,,,,"Lobo, 1994", 57316,Pseudopaludicola mirandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,mirandae,,,,,"Mercadal de Barrio and Barrio, 1994", 57317,Pseudopaludicola mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,mystacalis,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)", 57319,Pseudopaludicola riopiedadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,riopiedadensis,,,,,"Mercadal de Barrio & Barrio, 1994","This species was described only from museum specimens; there is no consensus on its validity, and there have not yet been any field observations of it." 57320,Pseudopaludicola saltica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,saltica,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)",This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Pseudopaludicola falcipes by Haddad and Cardoso (1987). 57321,Pseudopaludicola ternetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,ternetzi,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937", 57322,Rupirana cardosoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Rupirana,cardosoi,,,,,"Heyer, 1999","Molecular studies conducted by Santos et al. (2020), report the cryptic status of the northern subpopulation of this species, naming it ""Rupirana cardosoi Lin-B"" but did not describe it as a separate species. This subpopulation is retained in the current concept of R. cardosoi until further work confirms its identity as a distinct species." 57323,Scythrophrys sawayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Scythrophrys,sawayae,,,,,"(Cochran, 1953)", 57331,Telmatobius cirrhacelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,cirrhacelis,,,,,"Trueb, 1979", 57352,Telmatobius niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,niger,,,,,"Barbour & Noble, 1920", 57370,Thoropa megatympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Thoropa,megatympanum,,,,,"Caramaschi & Sazima, 1984",This species was discussed as Thoropa sp. by Maxson and Heyer (1982). It is close to Thoropa miliaris according to the original description. 57371,Thoropa miliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Thoropa,miliaris,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 57372,Thoropa saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Thoropa,saxatilis,,,,,"Cocroft & Heyer, 1988", 57373,Leptodactylus discodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,discodactylus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1884", 57374,Zachaenus carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Zachaenus,carvalhoi,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1983","Following the accidental confusion between Zachaneus carvalhoi and Cycloramphus carvalhoi due to changes made by Dubois et al. (2021), C. carvalhoi has been renamed as C. heyeri and there has been no change in the name of this concept following Segalla et al. (2021)." 57375,Zachaenus parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Zachaenus,parvulus,,,,,"(Girard, 1853)", 5750,Cryptomastix magnidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,POLYGYRIDAE,Cryptomastix,magnidentata,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1940)", 57572,Leptobrachella pelodytoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,pelodytoides,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)",A number of different forms are currently included in Leptolalax pelodytoides that might prove to be taxonomically recognizable. 57587,Megophrys koui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,koui,,,,,"Mahony, Foley, Biju & Teeling, 2017","We will not be following the taxonomy proposed by Lyu et al. (2021), and will retain this species in Megophrys until there is more stability for the genus." 57541,Megophrys platyparietus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,platyparietus,,,,,"(Rao & Yang, 1997)","Rao and Yang (1997) considered the population of Brachytarsophrys occurring in southern China that used to be called B. carinensis to be a distinct species, B. platyparietus.  Fei et al. (2009) synonymized this species with Megophrys carinense, but it was removed from synonymy of Megophrys carinense by Li et al. (2020). 

Li et al. (2020) listed this species in Brachytarsophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries are more stable." 57657,Megophrys wuliangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,wuliangshanensis,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 1995","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries are more stable." 57660,Adelastes hylonomos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Adelastes,hylonomos,,,,,"Zweifel, 1986","

Recent analyses have shown that there are at least two species under this name. The occurrence in Guyana can be attributed to an undescribed species (P. Peloso, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021).

" 57673,Hamptophryne alios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hamptophryne,alios,,,,,"(Wild, 1995)","

This species was originally described as Altigius alios (Wild 1995), but de Sá et al. (2012) transferred it to the genus Hamptophryne.

" 57606,Scutiger bhutanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,bhutanensis,,,,,"Delorme and Dubois, 2001", 57607,Scutiger boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,boulengeri,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1898)","According to Fei et al. (1977), Scutiger alticola is synonymous with S. boulengeri." 5761,Cryptosaccus asturiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Cryptosaccus,asturiensis,,,,,"Prieto & Puente, 1994", 57681,Arcovomer passarellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Arcovomer,passarellii,,,,,"Carvalho, 1954",This taxon is a complex containing several undescribed species (Jennings et al. 2015). 57614,Scutiger maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,maculatus,,,,,"(Liu, 1950)", 57617,Scutiger nepalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,nepalensis,,,,,"Dubois, 1974", 57619,Scutiger nyingchiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,nyingchiensis,,,,,"Fei, 1977","Specimens collected in Pakistan by Annandale (1917) and assigned to Rana pleskei (= Nanorana pleskei) were allocated to Scutiger occidentalis (= Scutiger nyingchiensis) by Dubois (1978, 1987)." 57622,Scutiger sikimmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,sikimmensis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)",Records of Scutiger sikkimensis from northern Myanmar refer to S. adungensis (Dubois 1979). 57624,Leptobrachium ailaonicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,ailaonicum,,,,,"(Yang, Chen & Ma, 1983)", 57626,Leptobrachium echinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,echinatum,,,,,"Dubois & Ohler, 1998","This species was synonymized with Leptobrachium ailaonicum by Cuc et al. (1999), although this was rejected by Ohler et al. (2000)." 57632,Megophrys boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,boettgeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)",It is uncertain that examples of this taxon from outside China can truly be referred to Megophrys boettgeri. 57633,Megophrys brachykolos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,brachykolos,,,,,"Inger & Romer, 1961","We will not be following the taxonomy proposed by Lyu et al. (2021), and will retain this species in Megophrys until there is more stability for the genus." 57635,Megophrys daweimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,daweimontis,,,,,"Rao & Yang, 1997","We will not be following the taxonomy proposed by Lyu et al. (2021), and will retain this species in Megophrys until there is more stability for the genus." 57637,Megophrys gigantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,gigantica,,,,,"Liu, Hu & Yang, 1960", 57638,Megophrys glandulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,glandulosa,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Huang, 1991","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries are more stable." 57640,Philautus kempii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,kempii,,,,,"(Annandale, 1912)","There is ongoing confusion regarding the taxonomic validity of this species. We follow Delorme et al. (2006) in placing this species in the genus Philautus, following their examination of the type specimen." 57641,Megophrys kuatunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,kuatunensis,,,,,"Pope, 1929", 57643,Megophrys major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,major,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908","This species is sometimes called Megophrys lateralis (Anderson, 1908) (A. Ohler pers. comm.). Complicated nomenclatural history, and sexual dimorphism in leg proportions (Taylor 1962; but see Inger et al. 1999) might be partly at fault for records of X. longipes from Viet Nam." 57646,Megophrys minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,minor,,,,,"Stejneger, 1926", 57649,Megophrys pachyproctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,pachyproctus,,,,,"Huang, 1981","There is some uncertainty as to the identification of the type specimen of this species (Shi et al. 2020).

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries are more stable." 57651,Megophrys parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,parva,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 57652,Megophrys robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,robusta,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries are more stable." 57762,Chiasmocleis schubarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,schubarti,,,,,"Bokermann, 1952", 57763,Chiasmocleis shudikarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,shudikarensis,,,,,"Dunn, 1949",Peloso and Sturaro (2008) reported considerable morphological variation among populations suggestive of cryptic species. 57764,Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,ventrimaculata,,,,,"(Andersson, 1945)", 57779,Cophixalus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,montanus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 57780,Cophixalus monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,monticola,,,,,"Richards, Dennis, Trenberry and Werren, 1994", 57747,Chiasmocleis alagoana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,alagoana,,,,,"Cruz, Caramaschi & Freire, 1999", 57748,Chiasmocleis albopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,albopunctata,,,,,"(Boettger, 1885)", 57750,Chiasmocleis atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,atlantica,,,,,"Cruz, Caramaschi and Izecksohn, 1997", 57751,Chiasmocleis bassleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,bassleri,,,,,"Dunn, 1949","

High morphological variation associated with geographical distribution has been reported for this species, and museum specimens have been incorrectly identified as belonging this species due to the poor condition of the holotype (Peloso and Sturaro 2008). It is possible that further studies may uncover more misidentified subpopulations. Specimens reported from Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, and Iquitos, Peru show distinctive characteristics which may suggest that they do not belong to this species (Morales and McDiarmid 2009), although this has not been confirmed.

" 57752,Chiasmocleis capixaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,capixaba,,,,,"Cruz, Caramaschi & Izecksohn, 1997", 57754,Chiasmocleis centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,centralis,,,,,"Bokermann, 1952","Bokermann (1952) suggested that Chiasmocleis centralis is allied with C. shudikarensis, but Carvalho (1954), suggested an affinity with C. albopunctata. It has been described from poorly preserved collection-type material and has not been found in the field since the collection of the type specimens in 1950, despite sampling efforts in the region. It is possible that it is a synonym of C. albopunctata, however, morphological and molecular studies are needed before this can be confirmed." 57755,Chiasmocleis cordeiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,cordeiroi,,,,,"Caramaschi and Pimenta, 2003", 57756,Chiasmocleis crucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,crucis,,,,,"Caramaschi and Pimenta, 2003", 57757,Chiasmocleis hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,hudsoni,,,,,"Parker, 1941","Chiasmocleis jimi was synonymised with this species by Peloso et al. (2014), but this was reversed by da Sá et al. 2018 ""2019""." 57758,Chiasmocleis jimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,jimi,,,,,"Caramaschi & Cruz, 2001","Chiasmocleis jimi had been placed under synonymy with C. hudsoni by Peloso et al. (2014), but was reversed by de Sá et al. (2018 ""2019"")." 57759,Chiasmocleis leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,leucosticta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)",This species is a tetraploid species according to Kasahara and Haddad (1997). 57760,Chiasmocleis mehelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,mehelyi,,,,,"Caramaschi and Cruz, 1997", 57769,Cophixalus aenigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,aenigma,,,,,"Hoskin, 2004", 57801,Ctenophryne geayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Ctenophryne,geayi,,,,,"Mocquard, 1904",Zweifel and Myers (1989) have posited that the name Ctenophryne geayi actually represents two species (northern and southern populations). 57803,Dasypops schirchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Dasypops,schirchi,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1924", 57804,Dermatonotus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Dermatonotus,muelleri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1885)", 57807,Elachistocleis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,bicolor,,,,,"(Guérin-Meneville, 1838)",This species was removed from synonymy with Elachistocleis ovalis by Lavilla et al. (2003). 57879,Microhyla chakrapanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,chakrapanii,,,,,"Pillai, 1977", 57808,Elachistocleis erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,erythrogaster,,,,,"Kwet and Di-Bernardo, 1999", 57881,Microhyla fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,fusca,,,,,"Andersson, 1943",The taxonomic status of this species in relation to Microhyla annamensis and M. erythropoda is unclear. 57810,Elachistocleis piauiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,piauiensis,,,,,"Caramaschi and Jim, 1983","There is a single historical record of the species from central Mato Grosso in the ICMBio database, but this is likely a misidentification and belongs to Elachistocleis matogrosso or E. corumbaensis (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 57882,Microhyla heymonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,heymonsi,,,,,"Vogt, 1911",Subpopulations from the Nicobar Islands are possibly a distinct species (Garg et al. 2018). 57886,Microhyla ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,ornata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","We follow Matsui et al. (2005) in restricting this species to the Indian Subcontinent, populations in southeast Asia, China and Taiwan belonging to Microhyla fissipes, and populations in the Ryukyu Archipelago (Japan) belong to M. okinavensis." 57815,Gastrophryne olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Gastrophryne,olivacea,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1857)", 57892,Microhyla rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,rubra,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)", 57821,Hamptophryne boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hamptophryne,boliviana,,,,,"(Parker, 1927)", 57893,Microhyla sholigari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,sholigari,,,,,"Dutta and Ray, 2000", 57898,Myersiella microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Myersiella,microps,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)", 57837,Kalophrynus interlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,interlineatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1855",This form was elevated to full species by Matsui et al. (1996). 57839,Micryletta menglienica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Micryletta,menglienica,,,,,"(Yang & Su, 1980)",Liu et al. (2021) transferred this species from Kalophrynus to Micryletta on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological analysis. 57842,Kalophrynus orangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,orangensis,,,,,"Dutta, Ahmed and Das, 2000",It may be a species complex (India Red List Assessment Workshop October 2020). 57844,Kalophrynus pleurostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,pleurostigma,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838",Taxonomic studies are needed to clarify the status of the various populations of this widely distributed complex of more than one species. 57848,Kaloula baleata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,baleata,,,,,"(Müller, 1836)","The taxonomy of the Philippine population of this species warrants a review. The subspecies Kaloula baleata goshi, an endemic to Little Andaman and South Andaman Islands, India, is included within K. baleata for this assessment." 57853,Kaloula mediolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,mediolineata,,,,,"Smith, 1917", 5792,Ctenodactylus gundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENODACTYLIDAE,Ctenodactylus,gundi,,,,,"(Rothmann, 1776)", 57937,Otophryne pyburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Otophryne,pyburni,,,,,"Campbell and Clarke, 1998","Some specimens identified in the past as Otophryne robusta, are now included under this species, especially the subpopulations in the state of Amazonas, Venezuela. Fouquet et al. (2019) suggested that this represents a species complex. The subpopulations of the Eastern Guiana Shield (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Amapá and Pará states in northern Brazil) likely belong to an undescribed species (P. Peloso, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021; Fouquet et al. 2019, 2021)." 5794,Ctenoglypta newtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Ctenoglypta,newtoni,,,,,"Nevil, 1871", 58001,Scaphiophryne obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,obscura,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)","This form is a nomen dubium (Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc 1991; Guibé 1978; Vences et al. 2003), and it has not been matched to any known living species in the wild." 58006,Stereocyclops incrassatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stereocyclops,incrassatus,,,,,"Cope, 1870","Albuquerque and Izecksohn (2001) separated the populations from Rio de Janeiro as a separate species, reviving the previous name Stereocyclops parkeri." 58007,Stereocyclops parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stereocyclops,parkeri,,,,,"(Wettstein, 1934)","Albuquerque and Izecksohn (2001) separated the subpopulations of Stereocyclops incrassatus from Rio de Janeiro as a separate species, reviving the previous name Stereocyclops parkeri." 58016,Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Synapturanus,mirandaribeiroi,,,,,"Nelson and Lescure, 1975","The vast majority of Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi records represent undescribed species (P. Peloso, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021). Fouquet et al. (2019) suggested that the subpopulation in the eastern Guyana Shield represents a distinct species. Also, some records from northern Amazonas state in Brazil have been identified as Synapturanus cf. mirandaribeiroi (P. Peloso, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 58018,Synapturanus salseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Synapturanus,salseri,,,,,"Pyburn, 1975", 58021,Chiasmocleis tridactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,tridactyla,,,,,"(Duellman & Mendelson, 1995)","This species was previously considered to belong to the genus Adelophryne in the family Leptodactylidae, but it was transferred to the genus Syncope in the family Microhylidae by Silva and Meinhardt (1999) and then to the genus Chiasmocleis by Peloso et al. (2014)." 58022,Uperodon globulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,globulosus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 58050,Pseudophryne raveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Pseudophryne,raveni,,,,,"Ingram and Corben, 1994", 58051,Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NASIKABATRACHIDAE,Nasikabatrachus,sahyadrensis,,,,,"Biju & Bossuyt, 2003","This species has been reported from several additional localities, although these likely refer to undescribed species (S.D. Biju pers. comm.)" 58160,Pipa carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pipa,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)", 58164,Pipa snethlageae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pipa,snethlageae,,,,,"Müller, 1914",Acosta-Galvis et al. (2016) cast doubt on the distinctiveness of this nominal species from Pipa pipa. 58202,Amolops bellulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,bellulus,,,,,"Liu, Yang, Ferraris and Matsui, 2000","In Myanmar this species is only known from a single record, dating from 1940 (Smith 1940). It was originally described as Amolops gerbillus but is now considered to be the same as the species recently described from China." 58203,Amolops chakrataensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,chakrataensis,,,,,"Ray, 1992", 58204,Odorrana chapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,chapaensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)",This species was placed in the genus Amolops by Dubois (1986). 58206,Amolops formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,formosus,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)",We follow Dubois (1992) and Schleich and Kästle (2002) in considering Amolops himalayanus to be a synonym of A. formosus. 58207,Amolops gerbillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,gerbillus,,,,,"(Annandale, 1912)",The reported occurrence in Myanmar of this species has now been attributed to Amolops bellulus. 58276,Fejervarya moodiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,moodiei,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)","Removed from the synonymy of Fejervarya cancrivora by A. Dubois (1987). Kurniawan et al. (2011) and Hasan et al. (2012) associated the name with subpopulations of ""mangrove-type"" frogs previously associated with F. cancrivora." 58277,Fejervarya multistriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,multistriata,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)","The original name Rana gracilis (Wiegmann 1834), was already occupied by Rana gracilis (Gravenhorst 1829). This species was removed from synonymy with F. limnocharis by Dubois and Ohler (2000)." 58211,Amolops jaunsari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,jaunsari,,,,,"Ray, 1992",The species is named after one of the local tribes within its distribution. 58283,Fejervarya orissaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,orissaensis,,,,,"(Dutta, 1997)","Further taxonomic work is required to determine this species' true identity and distribution (India Red List Assessment Workshop August 2020). Molecular data suggests that Minervarya jhilmilensis (Bahuguna 2018) is a synonym of this species, but confirmation is pending (Prudhvi Raj pers. comm. August 2020)." 58287,Fejervarya raja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,raja,,,,,"(Smith, 1930)",This species was elevated to full species status from a subspecies of Fejervarya cancrivora by Taylor (1962). Its taxonomy in relation to F. rugulosa and F. cancrivora is not clear.

Kurniawan et al. (2010) synonymized this species once again with F. cancrivora (Frost 2015). 58221,Amolops marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,marmoratus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)",This species is very similar to Amolops cremnobatus. Rana senchalensis Chanda (1986) was synonymized with this species by Dubois (2000). 58222,Amolops monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,monticola,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)", 58223,Amolops nepalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,nepalicus,,,,,"Yang, 1991",This species was synonymised with Amolops marmoratus by Dubois (2000). However it was later revalidated as a distinct species by Khatiwada et al. (2020). This taxon might be a junior synonym of Amolops monticola (Anderson 1871). 58224,Amolops ricketti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,ricketti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 58293,Fejervarya verruculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,verruculosa,,,,,"(Roux, 1911)", 58229,Amolops viridimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,viridimaculatus,,,,,"(Jiang, 1983)",This species requires taxonomic revision across its wide range (A. Ohler pers. comm. September 2020). 58298,Hoplobatrachus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Hoplobatrachus,crassus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854 "1853")", 58246,Ombrana sikimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Ombrana,sikimensis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)", 58262,Euphlyctis ghoshi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Euphlyctis,ghoshi,,,,,"(Chanda, 1991)", 58263,Euphlyctis hexadactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Euphlyctis,hexadactylus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1834)", 58265,Minervarya andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,andamanensis,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)","This taxon has been moved to the genus Minervarya (Sanchez et al. 2018). There is significant taxonomic confusion with this species. In particular many specimens are assigned to it potentially in error, making it difficult to determine its distribution accurately (S.R. Chandramouli and S. Harikrishnan pers comm 2020)." 58269,Fejervarya cancrivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,cancrivora,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)",Taxonomic revision of this species is needed as this species may be confused with F. limnocharis. Fejervarya raja has been synonymized with this species by Kurniawan et al. (2010). 58300,Hoplobatrachus rugulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Hoplobatrachus,rugulosus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)",This is a species complex (A. Borzee pers. comm. September 2019). 58301,Hoplobatrachus tigerinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Hoplobatrachus,tigerinus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","This taxon is now believed to consist of a complex of several cryptic species. Ongoing taxonomic research in Sri Lanka has revealed that records in this country are uncertain, however it is unclear as to whether these records belong to Hoplobatrachus tigerinus or H. crassus (Sri Lanka Red List Assessment Workshop February 2020)." 5836,Ctenophila salaziensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Ctenophila,salaziensis,,,,,"(Nevill , 1870)", 58305,Odorrana nasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,nasica,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","This species was formerly included in the genus Huia, but Ngo et al. (2006) suggested that it might belong in the genus Odorrana, an arrangement that we follow here. Liu and Hu (1961) reported Odorrana nasica from Mengyang, in Yunnan Province, China, and Fei et al. (1999) also reported it from Guangxi Province, China. When Yang (1991) reviewed the genus Amolops, he considered the Mengyang specimens to be different from the true Amolops nasicus (as Odorrana nasica) from Southeast Asia. Subsequently, Amolops mengyangensis Wu and Tian, 1995 was described, and we treat all records of O. nasica from China as belonging to A. mengyangensis, following Ohler (2007)." 58307,Indirana beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,beddomii,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)",This form is a complex of more than one species that requires urgent taxonomic revision. 58308,Indirana brachytarsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,brachytarsus,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)",A number of specimens referred to this species in the past are likely to have been misidentified (S.D. Biju pers. comm. 2004). 58309,Indirana diplosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,diplosticta,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)",This taxon has been moved to the genus Walkerana (Dahanukar et al. 2016). 58377,Micrixalus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,elegans,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","The holotype of this species is lost, and the designation of a neotype is necessary if this proves to be a valid species. Rao (1937) originally described this species as Philautus elegans, but Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) transferred it from the genus Philautus to Micrixalus." 58378,Micrixalus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,fuscus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This form is a complex of more than one species. Myers (1942b) described Micrixalus herrei, which was subsequently synonymized with this species by Inger et al. (1984). It is possible that M. herrei is a valid species within the M. fuscus complex (S.D. Biju pers. comm.)." 58310,Indirana gundia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,gundia,,,,,"(Dubois, 1986)", 58379,Micrixalus gadgili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,gadgili,,,,,"Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1990", 58311,Indirana leithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,leithii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 5838,Ctenophila vorticella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Ctenophila,vorticella,,,,,"Adams, 1868", 58312,Indirana leptodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,leptodactyla,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This taxon has been moved to the genus Walkerana (Dahanukar et al. 2016). 58380,Micrixalus kottigeharensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,kottigeharensis,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)",Rao (1937) originally described this taxon as Philautus kottigeharensis based on a single specimen from Kottigehar. Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) transferred the species from Philautus to Micrixalus. The holotype was lost and recently Bossuyt and Milinkovitch (2001) relocated the species from Bhadrea in Chicamangalore District very near to the type locality. Formal designation of the neotype is under way (S.D. Biju pers. comm.). 58313,Indirana longicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,longicrus,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","The holotype of this species is lost, and designation of a neotype is needed if this proves to be a valid species. It is considered to be incertae sedis for Anura (Dahanukar et al. 2016).

Rao (1937) originally described this species as Philautus longicrus, but Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) transferred it from Philautus to Indirana." 58381,Micrixalus narainensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,narainensis,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","The holotype of this species is lost, and the designation of a neotype is necessary if this proves to be a valid species. Rao (1937) originally described this species as Philautus narainensis, but Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) transferred it from the genus Philautus to Micrixalus." 58314,Indirana phrynoderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,phrynoderma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This taxon has been moved to the genus Walkerana (Dahanukar et al. 2016). 58382,Micrixalus nudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,nudis,,,,,"Pillai, 1978",A number of specimens assigned to Micrixalus nudis are thought to be misidentifications. A detailed taxonomic study is required for further clarification (S.D. Biju pers. comm.). 58315,Indirana semipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIXALIDAE,Indirana,semipalmata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 58383,Micrixalus phyllophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,phyllophilus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1853)", 58385,Micrixalus silvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,silvaticus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",Some records attributed to this species might not belong to it (India Red List Assessment Workshop 2004). 58386,Micrixalus swamianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,swamianus,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","The holotype of this species is lost, and the designation of a neotype is necessary if this proves to be a valid species. Rao (1937) originally described this species as Philautus swamianus, but Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) transferred it from the genus Philautus to Micrixalus." 58387,Micrixalus thampii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,thampii,,,,,"Pillai, 1981", 58388,Minervarya sahyadris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,sahyadris,,,,,"Dubois, Ohler & Biju, 2001", 58392,Nanorana parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,parkeri,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1927)", 58393,Nanorana pleskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,pleskei,,,,,"Günther, 1896","Specimens collected in Pakistan by Annandale (1917) and assigned to Rana pleskei (= Nanorana pleskei) were allocated to Scutiger occidentalis (= S. nyingchiensis) by Dubois (1978, 1987). The Kashmir specimen reported by Mertens (1969), is referable to R. vicina (= Paa vicina) (Dubois and Khan 1979). Other reports of N. pleskei in Pakistan and Kashmir are references to the above collections that have now been allocated to other species." 58395,Nyctibatrachus aliciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,aliciae,,,,,"Inger, Shaffer, Koshy and Bakde, 1984", 58396,Nyctibatrachus beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,beddomii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 58329,Limnonectes blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,blythii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)",This form is undoubtedly a complex of many species. 58397,Nyctibatrachus deccanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,deccanensis,,,,,"Dubois, 1984", 58398,Nyctibatrachus humayuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,humayuni,,,,,"Bhaduri and Kripalani, 1955", 58399,Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,karnatakaensis,,,,,"Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Manjunatha Reddy & Gururaja, 2007","The original description of this species, as Nyctibatrachus hussaini (Krishnamurthy et al. 2001), did not provide any information about the type specimen. Hence, its taxonomy and nomenclature required further investigation and amendments (Biju 2001, Das and Kunte 2005, S.K. Dutta pers. comm.). Dinesh et al. (2007) provided the replacement name Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis." 58339,Limnonectes heinrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,heinrichi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1933)",This species is part of the Limnonectes modestus complex (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 58345,Limnonectes khasianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,khasianus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Limnonectes kuhlii by Dubois (1986). 58346,Limnonectes kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,kuhlii,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)","This species represents a complex of more than one species containing many taxa with more restricted distributions (J. Rowley, T. Nguyen, S. Phimmachak and G. Wogan pers. comm, October 2013). There might even be several species in Borneo alone (R. Inger pers. comm.). The presence of Limnonectes kuhlii in India is doubtful and requires further investigation. The record might correspond to a species of Paa (A. Ohler pers. comm.)." 5835,Ctenophila caldwelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Ctenophila,caldwelli,,,,,"Benson, 1859", 58354,Limnonectes malesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,malesianus,,,,,"(Kiew, 1984)",This species was previously hidden within the Limnonectes blythii-macrodon complex. 58355,Limnonectes mawlyndipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,mawlyndipi,,,,,"(Chanda, 1990)","This taxon is known only from the type specimen, the generic allocation of which is doubtful. There are some doubts over its validity as a distinct species, and it may be a synonym of another species (India Red List Assessment Workshop September 2020)." 58356,Odorrana mawphlangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,mawphlangensis,,,,,"(Pillai & Chanda, 1977)",It may be a species complex (India Red List Assessment Workshop October 2020). 58363,Limnonectes paramacrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,paramacrodon,,,,,"(Inger, 1966)", 5837,Ctenophila setiliris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Ctenophila,setiliris,,,,,"Benson, 1851", 58400,Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,kempholeyensis,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)",Biju et al. (2011) designated a neotype for this species after the type specimen was lost. 58401,Nyctibatrachus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,major,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882",This species was designated a lectotype and its range redelimited by Biju et al. (2011). 58402,Nyctibatrachus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,minor,,,,,"Inger, Shaffer, Koshy and Bakde, 1984", 58403,Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,sanctipalustris,,,,,"Rao, 1920",Biju et al. (2011) has revised the taxonomy of this species and designated a lectotype. 58404,Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,sylvaticus,,,,,"Rao, 1937","The holotype of this species is lost, hence Biju et al. (2011) designated a specimen collected in 2007 at Kempholey, Hassan district, Karnataka State as a neotype." 58405,Nyctibatrachus vasanthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,vasanthi,,,,,"Ravichandran, 1997", 58479,Platymantis rhipiphalcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,rhipiphalcus,,,,,"Brown & Tyler, 1968", 58407,Ingerana borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Ingerana,borealis,,,,,"(Annandale, 1912)", 58413,Occidozyga martensii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,martensii,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","The genus Phrynoglossus was placed in the synonymy of Occidozyga by Inger, but without reference to the type species. This species might include Occidozyga magnapustulosus as a synonym." 58488,Pterorana khare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pterorana,khare,,,,,"Kiyasetuo and Khare, 1986", 58417,Nanorana annandalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,annandalii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 58418,Nanorana arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,arnoldi,,,,,"(Dubois, 1975)","Paa chayunensis is considered here to be a synonym of this species, following Zhao and Adler (1993), until the taxonomic confusion surrounding this species is resolved. There is much confusion relating to the nomenclature and taxonomy of this species. Taxonomic revision should include Nanorana mokokchungensis from India and N. maculosa chayuensis from China." 58419,Nanorana blanfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,blanfordii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 58420,Quasipaa boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,boulengeri,,,,,"(Günther, 1889)", 58422,Nanorana conaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,conaensis,,,,,"(Fei and Huang, 1981)", 58423,Nanorana ercepeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,ercepeae,,,,,"(Dubois, 1974)", 58426,Allopaa hazarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Allopaa,hazarensis,,,,,"(Dubois & Khan, 1979)",Further collections of this species are needed to resolve the synonymy of Allopaa barmoachensis with A. hazarensis (M.S. Khan pers. comm.). A. barmoachensis may be a synonym of A. hazarensis following Dubois (1992) and Dubois and Ohler (2006). However we are following Chanda (2002) and Khan (2006) in treating them as separate species. 58428,Nanorana liebigii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,liebigii,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 58429,Nanorana liui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,liui,,,,,"(Dubois, 1987)", 58432,Nanorana minica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,minica,,,,,"(Dubois, 1975)","There is some variation between the Nepalese and Indian subpopulations, which needs to be investigated as they may represent two distinct species (A. Ohler pers. comm. September 2020)." 58433,Nanorana mokokchungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,mokokchungensis,,,,,"(Das & Chanda, 2000)", 58434,Nanorana polunini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,polunini,,,,,"(Smith, 1951)", 58435,Nanorana rarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,rarica,,,,,"(Dubois, Matsui & Ohler, 2001)", 58436,Quasipaa robertingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,robertingeri,,,,,"(Wu and Zhao, 1995)", 58437,Nanorana rostandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,rostandi,,,,,"(Dubois, 1974)", 58439,Quasipaa spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,spinosa,,,,,"(David, 1875)", 58440,Chrysopaa sternosignata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Chrysopaa,sternosignata,,,,,"(Murray, 1885)", 58443,Nanorana vicina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,vicina,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1872)", 58445,Nanorana yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)", 58564,Lithobates capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,capito,,,,,"(LeConte, 1855)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Lithobates areolatus by Case (1978) and Young and Crother (2001). This species was placed into the genus Lithobates by Frost et. al (2006). This action has been disputed by Yuan et al. (2016) who retained the name Rana and lowered Lithobates to the level of subgenus. The genus name Lithobates is currently recognized by Amphibian Species of the World and has therefore been retained for the purposes of this assessment. Additional taxonomic work is recommended to clarify this ongoing discussion. 58583,Clinotarsus curtipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Clinotarsus,curtipes,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1853)", 58584,Rana dalmatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,dalmatina,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1840", 58585,Amolops daorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,daorum,,,,,"(Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho Thu Cuc, 2003)",Stuart et al. (2010) discussed and rejected the synonymy of Amolops daorum with Amolops mengyangensis. 58589,Rana dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,dybowskii,,,,,"Günther, 1876","Further systematic studies of populations assigned to Rana dybowskii are needed. There are significant genetic and morphological distinctions between populations from the type territory of Rana chensinensis David, 1875 sensu stricto (Shaanxi Province of China) and the populations of the Rana chensinensis complex living further north-eastwards. The specific name Rana chensinensis David, 1875 should not be used for the frogs from the Primorye and adjacent territories; the name for these populations should be Rana dybowskii (S. Kuzmin pers comm.). Included in this account under Rana dybowskii are populations from Russia, the Korean Peninsula and Japan; it is possible that the populations of the Rana chensinensis complex from northern China are Rana dybowskii, but they are retained here in Rana chensinensis until this is confirmed." 58540,Clinotarsus alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Clinotarsus,alticola,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species (A. Ohler pers. comm.). The populations in Peninsular Malaysia probably refer to an undescribed species. 58543,Odorrana yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)",The identity of this species is unclear as it was originally described from a juvenile specimen (B.L. Stuart pers. comm. February 2021). 58546,Lithobates areolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,areolatus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)", 58549,Rana asiatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,asiatica,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1898",This species is often confused with Rana chensinensis and R. amurensis (Borkin 1985). 58561,Lithobates berlandieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,berlandieri,,,,,"(Baird, 1859)","The taxonomic status of populations in the southern part of the range of this species is questionable and in need of further study; it is possible that multiple species are represented (Frost 1985, Campbell 1998, Lee 2000). We follow Campbell (1998) and Lee (1996) in considering L. brownorum to be a synonym of L. berlandieri. Smith and Chiszar (2003), consider the southwestern population of the species in Chihuahua, Mexico, to be dichopatric from the eastern population, and note that the western population probably represents a different taxon." 58571,Ingerana charlesdarwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Ingerana,charlesdarwini,,,,,"(Das, 1998)","Research into the species validity needs to be prioritised. The key recommended conservation measures include taxonomic research on the generic allocation of this taxon (Das 1998, Chandramouli 2017, Harikrishnan and Vasudevan 2018)." 58572,Rana chensinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,chensinensis,,,,,"David, 1875","This form is a complex of more than one species that needs further investigation, most especially with regards to its relationship with Rana dybowskii. We follow Xie et al. (2000) in separating R. kukunoris from R. chensinensis. Included in this account are populations from China and Mongolia only (this includes the isolated Mongolian population of Dariganga Sum, Sukhbaatar Aimag). Some researchers regard the population in northeastern China to refer to Rana dybowskii, this requires further investigation." 58575,Lithobates chiricahuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,chiricahuensis,,,,,"(Platz and Mecham, 1979)","Northern subpopulations might represent a distinct species. Smith and Ciszar (2003) consider the record of L. pustulosus from 13 km W Matáchic, Chihuahua, Mexico, to actually refer to L. chiricahuensis. Goldberg et al. (2004) placed Lithobates (Rana subaquavocalis) in synonymy with this species. Subpopulations from central Arizona and western New Mexico were attributed to L. fisheri on the basis of mtDNA analysis (Hekkala et al. 2011), however this has been disputed and is not currently recognized (Herrmann et al. 2021). The records from Aquascalientes in Mexico require further confirmation, as they are thought to possibly be in error (Streicher et al. 2012)." 58660,Odorrana margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,margaretae,,,,,"(Liu, 1950)", 58601,Hylarana garoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,garoensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)","This species includes Rana danieli following the revision by Ao et al. 2003. There is some taxonomic confusion around this species (India Red List Assessment Workshop February 2021). Further taxonomic studies of this taxon are required, as it might be a synonym of Clinotarsus alticola (A. Ohler pers. comm. 2004). Specimens referred to Rana danieli from Nepal are now referred to Hylarana chitwanensis." 58607,Odorrana grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,grahami,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)", 58608,Odorrana graminea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,graminea,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","This species is thought to be a complex, and the population in southern China is believed to contain three distinct species (Xiong et al. 2015)." 58679,Pelophylax nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,nigromaculatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 58684,Lithobates okaloosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,okaloosae,,,,,"(Moler, 1985)", 58689,Lithobates palmipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,palmipes,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",This form is a complex of species. 58618,Odorrana hosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,hosii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)","It is possible that this is a complex of species. The erroneous spelling ""hosei"" is widely used in the literature." 58695,Lithobates pipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,pipiens,,,,,"(Schreber, 1782)","The animals in Panama belonging to the Lithobates pipiens complex have not yet been named as a separate species. They are therefore treated here under the name Lithobates pipiens, though they are clearly not conspecific with true L. pipiens from North America. In addition, populations from Sinaloa, Mexico, are suspected to be L. magnaocularis (Serrano Serrano, 2006), and are not included in L. pipiens' mapped range." 58696,Rana pirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,pirica,,,,,"Matsui, 1991", 58629,Rana johnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,johnsi,,,,,"Smith, 1921",This species was elevated to full species status by Inger et al. (1999) and Fei et al. (1999). 58631,Odorrana junlianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,junlianensis,,,,,"Huang, Fei & Ye in Fei and Ye, 2001", 58645,Odorrana livida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,livida,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)",The type material is lost and the locality information has been poorly recorded. A neotype has been designated. 58646,Rana longicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,longicrus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1898",This is a restricted concept of Rana longicrus following the split of the broader concept into this and R. jiemuxiensis (Yan et al. 2011). 58651,Rana macrocnemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,macrocnemis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","We follow Veith et al. (2003), in considering Rana pseudodalmatina and R. tavasensis to be distinct at the species level, and regarding R. camerani to be conspecific with R. macrocnemis. However, we follow Çevik et al. (2006) and Baran et al. (2007) in considering Rana holtzi to be a valid species, contra Veith et al. (2003). There is ongoing discussion regarding the taxonomic distinctiveness of R. camerani.

update : According  to Kalaycı et al. (2017), results of phylogenetic analysis of mt DNA gens (CYTB and COI) support the idea of Veith et al. (2003) that Anatolian mountain frogs are represented by two distinct species in Anatolia: R. macrocnemis and R. tavasensis. There is no significant genetic distance between R. camerani, R. macrocnemis, and R. holtzi. R. camerani and R. holtzi are regarded to be conspecific with R. macrocnemis. Najibzadeh et al. (2017) based on two partial mitochondrial DNA sequences (16S rRNA and cytochrome b genes) and the application of a molecular clock suggested that Anatolian brown frogs lineage diverged into two subclades, R. tavasensis and R. macrocnemis, during the Middle Miocene. Also R.holtzi, R.camerani and R.macrocnemis are not distinct lineages." 58652,Hylarana macrodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,macrodactyla,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 58705,Pelophylax ridibundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,ridibundus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)","Investigations of mitochondrial DNA suggest that subpopulations from the southern Caucasus and Central Asia might represent separate species. The taxonomy of Anatolian water frogs (including this species) is still unclear; some authors suggest that the presence of this species in Turkey cannot be established on the basis of morphometric data.

There are studies that claim that this species represents a species complex and therefore are questioning the identity of marsh frogs e.g. from western Caucasus area (Ermakov et al. 2016). Some studies suggest that parts of its range, at least in the Balkan peninsula, actually belong to Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Kolenda et al. 2017)." 58711,Odorrana schmackeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,schmackeri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Odorrana huangangensis (Chen et al. 2010). 58786,Chirixalus cherrapunjiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chirixalus,cherrapunjiae,,,,,"(Roonwal & Kripalani, 1961)","This species was orginially placed in the genus Philautus, but Dubois (1999) noted that this was unlikely, as the original description mentions a free-living larval stage. This could be a synonym of Zhangixalus smaragdinus and further taxonomic results are pending (M. F. Ahmed pers. comm. September 2020)." 58714,Lithobates sevosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,sevosus,,,,,"(Goin & Netting, 1940)","Genetic studies showed that this form is distinct from populations of Lithobates capito and L. areolata, and has therefore been established as a separate species (Young and Crother 2001). This species was placed into the genus Lithobates by Frost et al. (2006). This action has been disputed by Yuan et al. (2016) who retained the name Rana and lowered Lithobates to the level of subgenus. The genus name Lithobates is currently recognized by Amphibian Species of the World and has therefore been retained for the purposes of this assessment. Additional taxonomic work is recommended to clarify this ongoing discussion." 58788,Chirixalus dudhwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chirixalus,dudhwaensis,,,,,"Ray, 1992","This species has been moved from Chiromantis to Chirixalus, following the removal of the latter genus from synonymy of the former (Chen et al. 2020)." 58792,Feihyla palpebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Feihyla,palpebralis,,,,,"(Smith, 1924)", 58795,Rohanixalus shyamrupus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rohanixalus,shyamrupus,,,,,"(Chandra & Ghosh, 1989)", 58796,Chirixalus simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chirixalus,simus,,,,,"Annandale, 1915","This species has been moved from Chiromantis to Chirixalus, following the removal of the latter genus from synonymy of the former (Chen et al. 2020)." 58797,Rohanixalus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rohanixalus,vittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","A taxonomic revision by Biju et al. (2020) has described a new genus, Rohanixalus, for which this is the type species. The same study has also significantly reduced the range of this species pending further taxonomic research, to low elevations (0-200 m asl) in Myanmar and Thailand, as well as new records from Middle and North Andaman Islands in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India." 58730,Hylarana taipehensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,taipehensis,,,,,"(van Denburgh, 1909)","Animals formerly assigned to Hylarana taipehensis from South Asia are now included within Hylarana tytleri following the revision by Ohler and Mallick (2002). However, this species may be a species complex (Hasan et al. 2012). Thus taxonomic revision is needed as morphometric description suggests that both species might occur in Bangladesh (Md. K. Hasan pers. comm. 2020)." 58731,Lithobates tarahumarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,tarahumarae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)", 58736,Pelophylax terentievi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,terentievi,,,,,"(Mezhzherin, 1992)","This species differs from Pelophylax ridibundus in some minor morphological parameters, but the most valuable discriminators are the biochemical differences, which are considered to be most important in the systematics of the P. ridibundus complex. The differences between P. terentievi and P. ridibundus are comparable to those in other species separated from P. ridibundus." 58737,Odorrana tiannanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,tiannanensis,,,,,"(Yang & Li, 1980)","The subpopulation on Hainan Island might belong to an undescribed species. Ohler (2007) treated Rana megatympanum, described by Bain et al. (2003), and Rana heatwolei, described by Stuart and Bain (2005), as synonyms of this species. Rana tabaca was separated from R. megatympanum by Bain and Nguyen (2004), but was re-treated as a junior synonym by Stuart and Bain (2005) (and hence is now a synonym of Odorrana tiannensis)." 58742,Hylarana tytleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,tytleri,,,,,"Theobald, 1868","This species was removed from the synonymy of Hylarana erythraea by Ohler and Mallick, (2002). It is part of a species group with Hylarana erythraea and H. taipehensis (E. Quah pers. comm. July 2020)." 58753,Rana zhenhaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,zhenhaiensis,,,,,"Ye, Fei and Matsui, 1995",This species was in the past mistaken to be Rana japonica (Ye et al. 1995). This is a restricted concept of Rana zhenaiensis following the split of the broader concept into this and Rana culaiensis (Li et al. 2008). 58756,Sphaerotheca dobsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Sphaerotheca,dobsonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","Biju (2001) considers this taxon to be a junior synonym of Spharerotheca pluvialis (which is itself considered here to be a synonym of S. breviceps, pending resolution of this complex). Records from Tamhini, Maharashtra have a considerable genetic divergence from the subpopulations of Bankot and Hasool in Maharashtra and Mangalore coast in Karnataka (Prasad et al. 2019)." 58757,Sphaerotheca leucorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Sphaerotheca,leucorhynchus,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)", 58758,Sphaerotheca maskeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Sphaerotheca,maskeyi,,,,,"(Schleich and Anders, 1998)",The systematics of this genus are problematic. Further work is required to resolve these issues. 58759,Sphaerotheca rolandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Sphaerotheca,rolandae,,,,,"(Dubois, 1983)",This is a species complex (India Red List Assessment Workshop October 2020). 58760,Sphaerotheca swani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Sphaerotheca,swani,,,,,"(Myers & Leviton, 1956)",The systematics of this genus are problematic. 58864,Raorchestes longchuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,longchuanensis,,,,,"(Yang & Li, 1978)","Subpopulations from southern Yunnan Province, China might have been incorrectly identified as this species, and may actually belong to R. parvulus (Guohua et al. 2019)." 58867,Raorchestes luteolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,luteolus,,,,,"(Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003)", 58805,Theloderma moloch,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,moloch,,,,,"(Annandale, 1912)","Populations from southeastern Xizang, China have been identified as Nasutixalus medogensis, and were previously confused with T. moloch (Jiang et al. 2016)." 58882,Kurixalus odontotarsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,odontotarsus,,,,,"(Ye & Fei, 1993)",This species might be a synonym of Kurixalus verrucosus (Ohler et al. 2000). 58812,Theloderma albopunctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,albopunctatum,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1962)","The validity of this species has been questioned in the past and it was previously considered to be a synonym of Theloderma asperum by Yu et al. (2007, 2008). However this was disputed by Poyarkov et al. (2015) and it is now recognised as a distinct species. It is part of the Theloderma asperum species group (Poyarkov et al. 2015)." 58887,Philautus petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,petersi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 58815,Raorchestes andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,andersoni,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)",This species is in the Theloderma leprosum species group (Poyarkov et al. 2015). 58816,Raorchestes annandalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,annandalii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 58820,Philautus aurifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,aurifasciatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)",The subpopulation on Sumatra probably belongs to an undescribed species (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). 58821,Kurixalus banaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,banaensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1939)", 58894,Theloderma rhododiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,rhododiscus,,,,,"(Liu and Hu, 1962)", 58822,Raorchestes beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,beddomii,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 58823,Raorchestes bombayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,bombayensis,,,,,"(Annandale, 1919)", 58897,Raorchestes sanctisilvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,sanctisilvaticus,,,,,"(Das & Chanda, 1997)",Philautus sanctipalustris is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Philautus sanctisilvaticus according to Bossuyt and Dubois (2001). 58829,Raorchestes chalazodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,chalazodes,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)","Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) suggested that this species could be a synonym of Ixalus beddomii Günther, 1876. However, subsequent studies indicate that both species are distinct (Biju and Bossuyt 2009, Garg et al. 2021)." 58830,Raorchestes charius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,charius,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","Specimens of Philautus (now Raorchestes) charius recorded from Ponmudi Hills and surroundings and Wayanad were assessed separately in 2004 as a new undescribed species Philautus sp. nov. ""Kalpatta"". This species has subsequently been described as P. anili (Biju and Bossuyt 2006)." 58837,Philautus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,dubius,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species might belong in the genus Rhacophorus, not Philautus (Bossuyt and Dubois 2001) or in another genus such as Raorchestes (K. Deuti pers. comm. September 2020)." 58843,Raorchestes flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,flaviventris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 58846,Philautus garo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,garo,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)","The holotype of this species is the only confirmed record, but there are a lot of records assigned to this species that require confirmation. There is significant taxonomic confusion (M.F. Ahmed, J. Purkayastha and K. Deuti pers. comm. October 2020)." 58847,Raorchestes glandulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,glandulosus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)",Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) designated a neotype for this species after the type specimen was lost. 58849,Raorchestes griet,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,griet,,,,,"(Bossuyt, 2002)", 58858,Philautus jerdonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,jerdonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)","This species was placed in Philautus by Bossuyt and Dubois (2001), but has now been moved to Nasutixalus by Sivongxay (2016)." 58860,Philautus kempiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,kempiae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)",While considered a taxonomically valid species its relationship with P. garo needs to be investigated (K. Deuti and M. F. Ahmed pers comm. October 2020). 58873,Philautus microdiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,microdiscus,,,,,"(Annandale, 1912)", 58876,Philautus namdaphaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,namdaphaensis,,,,,"Sarkar & Sanyal, 1985", 58964,Zhangixalus puerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,puerensis,,,,,"(He, 1999)","This form was previously thought to be conspecific with Rhacophorus dugritei (Orlov et al. 2001), but was removed from its synonymy by Li et al. (2012)." 58900,Pseudophilautus schmarda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,schmarda,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1854)",This species was moved to the genus Philautus from Theloderma by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005). 58965,Polypedates taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,taeniatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 58967,Polypedates zed,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,zed,,,,,"(Dubois, 1986)",This species is sometimes placed in the genus Rhacophorus. 58902,Raorchestes shillongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,shillongensis,,,,,"(Pillai & Chanda, 1973)", 58903,Raorchestes signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,signatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","Garg et al. (2021) compared the two known specimens of Raorchestes thodai morphologically with this species and found there was no clear distinction between the two taxa. In addition despite further surveys over the previous decade, no further specimens of Raorchestes thodai have been collected and no observations of individuals, which further supports the likelihood that Raorchestes thodai is a junior synonym of this species (Garg et al. 2021)." 58906,Philautus similipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,similipalensis,,,,,"Dutta, 2003", 58981,Rhacophorus bipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,bipunctatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1927","We follow Bordoloi et al. (2007) in treating Rhacophorus htunwini as a synonym of this species, and in removing Rhacophorus rhodopus from the synonymy of this species, where it had been placed by Inger et al. (1999). It is possible that populations from southern Thailand and Malaysia, currently assigned to this species, belong to an undescribed form (A. Ohler pers. comm.)." 58982,Kurixalus bisacculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,bisacculus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)","Kurixalus hainanus was first described as an endemic of Hainan Island in China by Zhao, Wang and Shi (2005). It was then synonymized under Kurixalus bisacculus by Yu et al. (2010). However, it was subsequently recognised as valid and split out again by Yu et al. (2017). Records of K. bisacculus from south-eastern China and north-eastern Viet Nam were reassigned to K. hainanus." 58909,Raorchestes graminirupes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,graminirupes,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2005)", 58910,Pseudophilautus amboli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,amboli,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)",This species was previously assessed as Philautus sp. nov. 'Amboli Forest'. 58986,Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,cyanopunctatus,,,,,"Manthey and Steiof, 1998","Past records of Rhacophorus bimaculatus (Peters, 1867) from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo refer to R. cyanopunctatus, 'typical' bimaculatus now being restricted to the Philippines." 58912,Raorchestes dubois,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,dubois,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2006)", 58987,Zhangixalus dennysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,dennysi,,,,,"(Blanford, 1881)","This species was included in Rhacophorus by Inger (1966), then placed in Polypedates by Liem (1970), and then returned to Rhacophorus by Dubois (1987)." 58913,Raorchestes anili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,anili,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2006)", 58914,Raorchestes munnarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,munnarensis,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2009)", 58916,Raorchestes ponmudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,ponmudi,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2005)", 58917,Raorchestes bobingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,bobingeri,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2005)",This species was first reported by Inger et al. (1984) from Ponmudi as Philautus femoralis. 58925,Raorchestes terebrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,terebrans,,,,,"(Das & Chanda, 1998)", 58928,Raorchestes tuberohumerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,tuberohumerus,,,,,"(Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003)", 58945,Zhangixalus dugritei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,dugritei,,,,,"(David, 1872)","Rhacophorus wui and R. hongchibaensis have been split from this species complex (Li et al. 2012). R. puerensis and R. hui are removed from synonymy as considered as valid species (Li et al. 2012)." 58949,Rhacophorus gongshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,gongshanensis,,,,,"Yang and Su, 1984",This species might be a synonym of Rhacophorus taronensis (Wilkinson and Rao 2004). 58951,Zhangixalus hungfuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,hungfuensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1961)",This species has been moved from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus (Jiang et al. 2019). 58952,Polypedates insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,insularis,,,,,"Das, 1995", 58956,Polypedates maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,maculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)",We follow Dubois (1986) in considering Polypedates himalayensis to be a subspecies of this species. 58958,Polypedates mutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,mutus,,,,,"(Smith, 1940)",This species is commonly misidentified as Polypedates leucomystax. 58959,Kurixalus naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,naso,,,,,"(Annandale, 1912)","This species was moved from Rhacophorus to Aquixalus by Delorme et al. (2005), and from Aquixalus to Kurixalus by Li et al. (2008)." 58963,Polypedates pseudocruciger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,pseudocruciger,,,,,"Das & Ravichandran, 1998", 58972,Kurixalus appendiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,appendiculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","A detailed study of the geographic variation of the various subpopulations of this species, from India to Indonesia, is warranted. The Greater Sunda islands, Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines support variable populations that require further study because they inhabit different microhabitats and are subject to different threats.

The species was moved from the genus Rhacophorus by Yu et al. (2013)." 59000,Rhacophorus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,lateralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1883", 59001,Rhacophorus malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,malabaricus,,,,,"Jerdon, 1870", 59003,Rhacophorus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,maximus,,,,,"Günther, 1858",This species was reassigned from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus by Jiang et al. (2019). 59079,Dicamptodon copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Dicamptodon,copei,,,,,"Nussbaum, 1970", 59080,Dicamptodon ensatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Dicamptodon,ensatus,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1833)", 59008,Rhacophorus nigropalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,nigropalmatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895","Records from northern Thailand, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Viet Nam and China are tentatively referred to Rhacophorus reinwardtii for the purposes of this assessment, but further taxonomic work is needed. Previously, R. maximus, R. dennysii and R. feae were considered to be subspecies of R. nigropalmatus." 59083,Batrachuperus karlschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Batrachuperus,karlschmidti,,,,,"Liu, 1925", 59012,Rhacophorus pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,pardalis,,,,,"Günther, 1859","Taxonomic revision of this species is needed, particularly of the Philippine subpopulations." 59014,Zhangixalus prasinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,prasinatus,,,,,"(Mou, Risch & Lue, 1983)", 59016,Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,pseudomalabaricus,,,,,"Vasudevan and Dutta, 2000", 59017,Rhacophorus reinwardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,reinwardtii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1840)",We follow Ohler and Delorme (2006) in separating Rhacophorus kio from this species. Studies of this species in relation Rhacophorus nigropalmatus needs to be implemented (various authors use different diagnostic features which do not seem to be consistent for different populations) (Taylor 1962; Berry 1975; Inger et al. 1999). 59018,Rhacophorus rhyssocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,rhyssocephalus,,,,,"Wolf, 1936","We follow Iskandar and Colijn (2000) in considering this species to be distinct from Rhacophorus pardalis. It may be a species inquirenda (D. Iskander pers. comm. April 2022), but further research is required." 59023,Rhacophorus taronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,taronensis,,,,,"Smith, 1940","It is likely that Rhacophorus gongshanensis from southwestern Yunnan Province, China, is a synonym of this species (Wilkinson and Rao 2004)." 59024,Rhacophorus translineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,translineatus,,,,,"Wu, 1977", 59025,Rhacophorus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,tuberculatus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)", 59027,Ghatixalus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Ghatixalus,variabilis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)","This taxon was transfered to the new genus Ghatixalus and is considered to be the sister species of Ghatixalus asterops (Biju et al. 2008)." 59029,Kurixalus verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,verrucosus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)",Mainland Southeast Asian records of Rhacophorus appendiculatus are referred to this taxon. Kurixalus odontotarsus might be a synonym of this species (Ohler et al. 2000). 59036,Theloderma kwangsiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,kwangsiense,,,,,"(Liu and Hu, 1962)", 59045,Spea hammondii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SCAPHIOPODIDAE,Spea,hammondii,,,,,"(Baird, 1859)","Spea multiplicata formerly was included in this species, but was considered to be a distinct species by Brown (1976). Genetic work has indicated that the northern and southern distributions of this species are genetically distinct, allopatric clades that show no evidence of interbreeding and are likely two separate species (Neal et al. 2018, Neal 2019)." 59053,Ambystoma barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,barbouri,,,,,"Kraus & Petranka, 1989",This species was formerly included in Ambystoma texanum (Kraus and Petranka 1989). 59075,Amphiuma pholeter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMPHIUMIDAE,Amphiuma,pholeter,,,,,"Neill, 1964", 59077,Cryptobranchus alleganiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE,Cryptobranchus,alleganiensis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)",Cryptobranchus guildayi synonymized with this species by Bredehoeft and Schubert (2015). 59105,Hynobius turkestanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,turkestanicus,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1909","The species is known only by the type series collected at the beginning of the 20th century. Apparently, all the collected specimens have been lost, and no other records are known. Based on the description of the holotype, this seems to be a valid species. However, there is doubt that it belongs in this genus (Borzée and Min 2021)." 59114,Salamandrella keyserlingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Salamandrella,keyserlingii,,,,,"Dybowski, 1870","Berman et al. 2005 removed Salamandrella schrenkii from the synonymy of S. keyserlingii. However, on the advice of S.L. Kuzmin pers. comm. we do not not follow this change here, pending a larger scale resolution of the taxonomic issues associated with this species." 59115,Aneides ferreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aneides,ferreus,,,,,"Cope, 1869",Aneides vagrans was formerly included in this species. 59116,Aneides flavipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aneides,flavipunctatus,,,,,"(Strauch, 1870)", 59117,Aneides hardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aneides,hardii,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)", 59121,Batrachoseps diabolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,diabolicus,,,,,"Jockusch, Wake and Yanev, 1998", 59122,Batrachoseps gabrieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,gabrieli,,,,,"Wake, 1996", 59125,Batrachoseps incognitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,incognitus,,,,,"Jockusch, Yanev and Wake, 2001", 59126,Batrachoseps kawia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,kawia,,,,,"Jockusch, Wake and Yanev, 1998", 59127,Batrachoseps luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,luciae,,,,,"Jockusch, Yanev and Wake, 2001","Note that many museums have specimens of B. incognitus and B. minor mislabeled as B. luciae. The range of B. luciae should barely extend beyond Nacimiento-Fergusson Rd./Mill Creek in Monterey County, California, USA (E. Jockusch pers. comm. January 2021).

" 59129,Batrachoseps minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,minor,,,,,"Jockusch, Yanev and Wake, 2001", 59131,Batrachoseps pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,pacificus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 59132,Batrachoseps regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,regius,,,,,"Jockusch, Wake and Yanev, 1998", 59133,Batrachoseps robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,robustus,,,,,"Wake, Yanev and Hansen, 2002", 59134,Batrachoseps wrighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,wrighti,,,,,"(Bishop, 1937)", 59137,Bolitoglossa altamazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,altamazonica,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)",This species is probably a complex of more than one species. 59160,Bolitoglossa equatoriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,equatoriana,,,,,"Brame and Wake, 1972","Acosta-Galvis and Gutiérrez-Lamus (2012) noted that this species had been confused with B. guaneae prior to the latter's naming, implying that records of B. equatoriana may be lacking for southern Colombia." 59262,Eurycea chamberlaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,chamberlaini,,,,,"Harrison & Guttman, 2003",This species was formerly included in Eurycea quadridigitata. It was described as a new species by Harrison and Guttman (2003). 59263,Eurycea chisholmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,chisholmensis,,,,,"Chippindale, Price, Wiens & Hillis, 2000", 59264,Eurycea cirrigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,cirrigera,,,,,"(Green, 1818)","Jacobs (1987) examined allozyme variation and concluded that the Eurycea bislineata subspecies (bislineata, cirrigera and wilderae) should be regarded as distinct species. Most subsequent authors, including Sever (1999), have followed this treatment, but Petranka (1998) retained these taxa as subspecies of Eurycea bislineata, pending study of genetic interactions in contact zones. Camp et al. (2000) examined allozyme and morphological variation in Eurycea at a contact zone between E. cirrigera and E. wilderae in Georgia and concluded that the two are distinct species. Kozak and Montanucci (2001) examined genetic variation across a wilderae-cirrigera contact zone in South Carolina, found evidence of an extended history of reduced gene exchange, and concluded that the two are distinct species.

The status of Eurycea aquatica has been resolved. Sever (1999) reasoned that E. aquatica might be a valid species, but some checklists did not regard Eurycea aquatica as a valid species and instead included it in Eurycea cirrigera (Crother et al. 2000; 2003; Collins and Taggart 2002) or E. bislineata (sensu lato, Petranka 1998). However, it is now recognized as distinct from both Eurycea cirrigera and Eurycea bislineata (Frost 2015)." 59266,Eurycea junaluska,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,junaluska,,,,,"Sever, Dundee & Sullivan, 1976",Jacobs (1987) found Eurycea junaluska to be genetically similar to E. aquatica and E. cirrigera and questioned the taxonomic status of E. junaluska. Sever (1989) found E. junaluska to be morphologically unique and genetically distinct from all sympatric Eurycea. 59267,Eurycea latitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,latitans,,,,,"Smith & Potter, 1946",This form might represent a species complex. 59278,Eurycea waterlooensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,waterlooensis,,,,,"Hillis, Chamberlain, Wilcox & Chippindale, 2001", 59280,Gyrinophilus gulolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Gyrinophilus,gulolineatus,,,,,"Brandon, 1965","Gyrinophilus gulolineatus was formerly regarded as a subspecies of G. palleucus; it was treated as a species by Brandon et al. (1986), Collins and Taggart (2002) and Crother et al. (2000). Petranka (1998) maintained this taxon as a subspecies of G. palleucus." 59281,Gyrinophilus palleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Gyrinophilus,palleucus,,,,,"McCrady, 1954","Three subspecies (palleucus, gulolineatus, and necturoides) have been recognized; intergradation between palleucus and necturoides is evident in some Alabama populations (A. Wynne, in Godwin 1995b). Some populations do not conform well to any of the named subspecies. One form in Tennessee might be sufficiently distinct biochemically to warrant recognition as a separate species (Redmond and Scott 1996). Gyrinophilus gulolineatus (Berry Cave Salamander) was treated as a species by Brandon et al. (1986), Collins and Taggart (2002), and Crother et al. (2000), but Petranka (1998) maintained this taxon as a subspecies of G. palleucus. In this assessment, Gyrinophilus gulolineatus is regarded as a distinct species." 59283,Gyrinophilus subterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Gyrinophilus,subterraneus,,,,,"Besharse and Holsinger, 1977","Some authors have regarded this species as conspecific with Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (Blaney and Blaney 1978), but the current consensus is that it is a valid species, based on morphometric analyses (Green and Pauley 1987)." 59284,Eurycea wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,wallacei,,,,,"(Carr, 1939)","Phillips (2017) found multiple distinct lineages within E. wallacei, including high genetic diversity within multiple sampling sites." 59243,Desmognathus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,aeneus,,,,,"Brown & Bishop, 1947", 59245,Desmognathus auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,auriculatus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1838)", 59248,Desmognathus folkertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,folkertsi,,,,,"Camp, Tilley, Austin & Marshall, 2002","This species was formerly included in Desmognathus quadramaculatus. It was recognized as a distinct species on the basis of adult size, body proportions, colour pattern, and fixed differences at four allozyme loci (Camp et al. 2002)." 59249,Desmognathus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,fuscus,,,,,"(Green, 1818)", 59250,Desmognathus imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,imitator,,,,,"Dunn, 1927", 59251,Desmognathus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Moore, 1899)", 59259,Desmognathus wrighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,wrighti,,,,,"King, 1936", 59261,Eurycea bislineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,bislineata,,,,,"(Green, 1818)",Some authorities retain Eurycea cirrigera and E. wilderae in this species. 59270,Eurycea multiplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,multiplicata,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)", 59271,Eurycea naufragia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,naufragia,,,,,"Chippindale, Price, Wiens & Hillis, 2000","This species was included in Eurycea neotenes by Sweet (1978, 1982), but was regarded as a distinct species by Chippindale et al. (1994) and was formally described as Eurycea naufragia by Chippindale et al. (2000)." 59272,Eurycea neotenes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,neotenes,,,,,"Bishop & Wright, 1937",Most references to E. neotenes in the literature involve populations that Chippindale et al. (2000) considered Fern Bank Salamanders (E. pterophila) or members of the E. latitans or E. troglodytes species complexes 59273,Eurycea pterophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,pterophila,,,,,"Burger, Smith & Potter, 1950","This species was removed from synonymy with Eurycea neotenes by Chippindale et al. (2000). It remains poorly circumscribed taxonomically, and warrants further research." 59274,Eurycea quadridigitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,quadridigitata,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1842)",This species might comprise multiple species. 59275,Eurycea tonkawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,tonkawae,,,,,"Chippindale, Price, Wiens & Hillis, 2000","This species was included in Eurycea neotenes by Sweet (1978, 1982) and in previous publications. It was formally described as a distinct species by Chippindale et al. (2000)." 59276,Eurycea troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,troglodytes,,,,,"Baker, 1957","Sweet (1984) concluded that this species apparently comprises a hybrid swarm resulting from the incorporation of occasional individuals of Eurycea tridentifera into a larger population of E. neotenes. Chippindale et al. (2000) considered additional data and regarded E. troglodytes as a valid complex of more than one species, and not as being of hybrid origin. They noted that the E. troglodytes complex is a heterogeneous group that probably includes several distinct species." 59277,Eurycea tynerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,tynerensis,,,,,"Moore & Hughes, 1939","Preliminary electrophoretic data indicate that Eurycea tynerensis is restricted to a few counties in eastern Oklahoma; populations in Arkansas and Missouri are not genetically distinct from E. multiplicata griseogaster (Wilkinson, in Figg 1991). For this assessment, we retain the traditional understanding of E. tynerensis as occurring in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri, pending resolution of this issue. Emel and Bonett (2011) suggest that there is higher genetic diversity within E. tynerensis than was previously known." 59360,Plethodon virginia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,virginia,,,,,"Highton, 1999",This species was separated from Plethodon hoffmani (Highton 1999). 59363,Plethodon welleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,welleri,,,,,"Walker, 1931", 59330,Plethodon amplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,amplus,,,,,"Highton and Peabody, 2000",This species was separated from Plethodon jordani (Highton and Peabody 2000). 59332,Plethodon aureolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,aureolus,,,,,"Highton, 1983", 59333,Plethodon cheoah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,cheoah,,,,,"Highton and Peabody, 2000",This species was split from Plethodon jordani (Highton and Peabody 2000). 59339,Plethodon elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,elongatus,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1916","Mahoney (2004) describes high genetic diversity within the Plethodon elongatus complex with two highly differentiated evolutionarily significant units in the central to southern portion of the range in Humboldt County, California." 59343,Plethodon jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,jordani,,,,,"Blatchley, 1901","Highton and Peabody (2000) recently separated Plethodon jordani into multiple species: P. montanus, P. metcalfi, P. amplus, P. meridianus, P. jordani, P. shermani and P. cheoah." 59345,Plethodon kiamichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,kiamichi,,,,,"Highton, 1989",This species is part of the Plethodon glutinosus complex. 59347,Plethodon meridianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,meridianus,,,,,"Highton and Peabody, 2000",This species was separated from Plethodon jordani (Highton and Peabody 2000). 5935,Cucujus cinnaberinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CUCUJIDAE,Cucujus,cinnaberinus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1763)", 59350,Plethodon petraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,petraeus,,,,,"Wynn, Highton and Jacobs, 1988", 59351,Plethodon punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,punctatus,,,,,"Highton, 1971 [1972]", 59353,Plethodon sequoyah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,sequoyah,,,,,"Highton, 1989",This species is part of the Plethodon glutinosus complex. It is not universally accepted as a valid species (Petranka 1998). 59355,Plethodon shermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,shermani,,,,,"Stejneger, 1906",This species was recently separated from Plethodon jordani (Highton and Peabody 2000). 59463,Pleurodeles waltl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pleurodeles,waltl,,,,,"Michahelles, 1830", 59464,Salamandra algira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandra,algira,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1883","Morphological, ecological and genetic studies on Salamandra algira indicate that there are two major clades further subdivided in several lineages (Beukema et al. 2010, Ben Hassine et al. 2016, Bouzid et al. 2017, Merabet et al. 2016a, Beddek et al. 2018, Dinis et al. 2019, Hernandez and Escoriza 2019), which are recognized as five distinct subspecies: S. a. tingitana (Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts 2003), S. a. splendens (Beukema et al. 2013), S. a. spelaea (Escoriza and Comas 2007), S. a. algira (Bedriaga 1883), and S. a. atlantica (Hernandez and Escoriza 2019)." 59403,Pseudotriton montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudotriton,montanus,,,,,"Baird, 1850","Distinctiveness of nominal subspecies has not been confirmed by genetic data. Subspecies diastictus was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), but he did not present any data to support this proposal. Frost (2007) recognized Pseudotriton diastictus as a distinct species but did not cite any data to support this arrangement. Crother (2008) retained diastictus as a subspecies of Pseudotriton montanus. Pending further data, this database includes diastictus as a subspecies of Pseudotriton montanus." 59466,Salamandra infraimmaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandra,infraimmaculata,,,,,"(Mertens, 1948)","This account follows the suggested Salamandra monophyletic group distribution presented in Steinfartz, Vieth and Tautz (2000). Populations in the eastern part of the range might represent a separate species (S. semenovi)." 59480,Ommatotriton vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Ommatotriton,vittatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1835)",We follow Litvinchuk et al. (2005) in separating Ommatotriton ophryticus from this species. 59481,Lissotriton vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lissotriton,vulgaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Further taxonomic studies are required on this species. Numerous subspecies exist. 59493,Atretochoana eiselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Atretochoana,eiselti,,,,,"(Taylor, 1968)", 59430,Necturus alabamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PROTEIDAE,Necturus,alabamensis,,,,,"Viosca, 1937","Bart et al. (1997) determined that the name Necturus alabamensis applies only to the waterdog in the upper Black Warrior River drainage. For years, the name had been mistakenly applied to a more common species of waterdog that occurs in the coastal plain. Further taxonomic revisions involving this species are likely (Petranka 1998). See Bart et al. (1997) for an account of the nomenclatural history of this and related species." 59432,Necturus lewisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PROTEIDAE,Necturus,lewisi,,,,,"Brimley, 1924",This form was originally described as Necturus maculosus lewisi. It was elevated to species status by Viosca (1937). It is considered to be the most primitive form of Necturus by Sessions and Wiley (1985). 59435,Rhyacotriton cascadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,RHYACOTRITONIDAE,Rhyacotriton,cascadae,,,,,"Good & Wake, 1992","The genus Rhyacotriton previously contained a single species R. olympicus. Based on genetic differentiation, Good and Wake (1992) split R. olympicus into 4 species: R. olympicus, R. variegatus, R. kezeri, and R. cascadae." 59436,Rhyacotriton kezeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,RHYACOTRITONIDAE,Rhyacotriton,kezeri,,,,,"Good and Wake, 1992","The genus Rhyacotriton previously contained a single species R. olympicus. Based on genetic differentiation, Good and Wake (1992) split R. olympicus into 4 species: R. olympicus, R. variegatus, R. kezeri, and R. cascadae." 59437,Rhyacotriton olympicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,RHYACOTRITONIDAE,Rhyacotriton,olympicus,,,,,"(Gaige, 1917)","The genus Rhyacotriton previously contained a single species R. olympicus. Based on genetic differentiation, Good and Wake (1992) split R. olympicus into 4 species: R. olympicus, R. variegatus, R. kezeri, and R. cascadae." 59438,Rhyacotriton variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,RHYACOTRITONIDAE,Rhyacotriton,variegatus,,,,,"(Stebbins and Lowe, 1951)", 59440,Cynops cyanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,cyanurus,,,,,"Liu, Hu & Yang, 1962", 59447,Echinotriton chinhaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Echinotriton,chinhaiensis,,,,,"(Chang, 1932)", 59452,Notophthalmus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Notophthalmus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Cope, 1880)", 59454,Pachytriton brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,brevipes,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1876)", 59459,Paramesotriton guangxiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,guangxiensis,,,,,"(Huang, Tang & Tang, 1983)", 59471,Taricha torosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Taricha,torosa,,,,,"(Rathke, 1833)","Taricha sierrae was formerly recognized as a subspecies of Taricha torosa.

Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA data (Tan and Wake 1995) revealed the following clusters in T. torosa: (1) northern Sierra Nevada (Shasta to Nevada counties); (2) central Sierra Nevada (El Dorado to Fresno counties); (3) southern Sierra Nevada (Tulare to Kern counties) (independently derived relative to 1 and 2, above); (4) southern coastal California (San Diego and Orange counties); (5) central coastal California (Los Angeles to central and northern California). This study and additional allozyme data (Kuchta and Tan 2006) provided the basis for a phylogeographical history of T. torosa. Among other things, the data are consistent in indicating that populations in the southern Sierra Nevada are more closely related to T. torosa torosa than to T. t. sierrae.

In the interests of taxonomic stability, Kuchta and Tan (2006) refrained from advocating changes in the taxonomic status of Taricha torosa torosa and Taricha torosa sierrae, pending completion and publication of ongoing studies.

Kuchta (2007) examined genetic and morphological variation in Taricha torosa and concluded that T. torosa and T. sierrae are distinct evolutionary lineages that should be recognized as distinct species." 59500,Brasilotyphlus braziliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Brasilotyphlus,braziliensis,,,,,"(Dunn, 1945)", 59504,Caecilia armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,armata,,,,,"Dunn, 1942",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59573,Microcaecilia taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,taylori,,,,,"Nussbaum & Hoogmoed, 1979", 59575,Mimosiphonops reinhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Mimosiphonops,reinhardti,,,,,"Wilkinson & Nussbaum, 1992",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59576,Mimosiphonops vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Mimosiphonops,vermiculatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59509,Caecilia crassisquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,crassisquama,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59577,Nectocaecilia petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Nectocaecilia,petersii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 59580,Oscaecilia equatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,equatorialis,,,,,"Taylor, 1973", 59514,Caecilia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,gracilis,,,,,"Shaw, 1802","This is a very poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2003). Most attenuate caecilians in the Amazon basin and the Guianas are associated with this name, but their conspecificity is uncertain." 59581,Oscaecilia hypereumeces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,hypereumeces,,,,,"Taylor, 1968", 59519,Caecilia marcusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,marcusi,,,,,"Wake, 1984", 59520,Caecilia mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,mertensi,,,,,"Taylor, 1973","Maciel and Hoogmoed (2011) noted no substantial diagnostic differences between Caecilia marcusi and Caecilia mertensi, but having not examined the holotype of the latter, refrained from placing Caecilia marcusi in the synonymy of Caecilia mertensi, which was subsequently done by Segalla et al. (2021)" 59589,Potamotyphlus kaupii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Potamotyphlus,kaupii,,,,,"(Berthold, 1859)",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2004). 59594,Siphonops hardyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Siphonops,hardyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888", 59595,Luetkenotyphlus insulanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Luetkenotyphlus,insulanus,,,,,"(Ihering, 1911)", 59529,Caecilia subterminalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,subterminalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59596,Siphonops leucoderus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Siphonops,leucoderus,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It is probably conspecific with Siphonops paulensis. 59530,Caecilia tentaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,tentaculata,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Caecilia pressula was placed in synonymy with this species by Wilkinson (2020). 59599,Typhlonectes compressicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Typhlonectes,compressicauda,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). It is not clear that all populations throughout its range are conspecific. 59534,Chthonerpeton arii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,arii,,,,,"Cascon & Lima-Verde, 1994", 59535,Chthonerpeton braestrupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,braestrupi,,,,,"Taylor, 1968", 59536,Chthonerpeton exile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,exile,,,,,"Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 1987",Known only from the holotype which is now lost (Frost 2021). 59537,Chthonerpeton indistinctum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,indistinctum,,,,,"(Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)",Populations from Santa Catarina in southern Brazil might belong to a different species. 59538,Chthonerpeton noctinectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,noctinectes,,,,,"da Silva, Britto-Pereira & Caramaschi, 2003", 59539,Chthonerpeton onorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,onorei,,,,,"Nussbaum, 1986", 59540,Chthonerpeton perissodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,perissodus,,,,,"Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 1987", 59541,Chthonerpeton viviparum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Chthonerpeton,viviparum,,,,,"Parker & Wettstein, 1929", 59549,Gegeneophis carnosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,carnosus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","This species is not well characterized. Many literature reports in fact refer to Gegeneophis ramaswamii (D. Gower, V. Giri, K. Ramachandran pers. comm. August 2020). Karyological data suggest that this species shares similarities in chromosome and karyotype morphology, for the most part, with Gegeneophis krishni (Venu and Venkatachalaiah 2006)." 59550,Gegeneophis danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,danieli,,,,,"Giri, Wilkinson & Gower, 2003","This species is superficially similar to Gegeneophis nadkarni, both of which are known from very few specimens." 59551,Chikila fulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CHIKILIDAE,Chikila,fulleri,,,,,"(Alcock, 1904)", 59552,Gegeneophis krishni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,krishni,,,,,"Pillai & Ravichandran, 1999", 59553,Gegeneophis ramaswamii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,ramaswamii,,,,,"Taylor, 1964","This is a poorly circumscribed species (D. Gower, K. Ramachandran pers. comm. August 2020).

" 59554,Gegeneophis seshachari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,seshachari,,,,,"Ravichandran, Gower & Wilkinson, 2003",It is a poorly characterised species. Substantial intraspecific genetic variation has been reported (Gower et al. 2011). 59568,Indotyphlus battersbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Indotyphlus,battersbyi,,,,,"Taylor, 1960","This species is not well characterised ((D. Gower, V. Giri and V. Govindappa pers. comm. September 2020)." 59569,Luetkenotyphlus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Luetkenotyphlus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Lütken, 1851)",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It has frequently been confused with Chthonerpeton viviparum. 59572,Microcaecilia supernumeraria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,supernumeraria,,,,,"Taylor, 1969",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59656,Uraeotyphlus menoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Uraeotyphlus,menoni,,,,,"Annandale, 1913","This species is poorly charecterized (D. Gower, V. Govindappa and R. Kotharambath pers. comm. September 2020)." 59657,Uraeotyphlus narayani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Uraeotyphlus,narayani,,,,,"Seshachar, 1939", 59600,Typhlonectes cunhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Typhlonectes,cunhai,,,,,"Cascon, Lima-Verde & Benevides Marques, 1991",Wilkinson (1996) doubted the distinctiveness of this taxon from Typhlonectes compressicauda. 59659,Allophryne ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALLOPHRYNIDAE,Allophryne,ruthveni,,,,,"Gaige, 1926","This is a problematic taxon that has been assigned to different families (Allophrynidae, Bufonidae, Centrolenidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae)." 59658,Uraeotyphlus oxyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Uraeotyphlus,oxyurus,,,,,"(Dumeril & Bibron, 1841)",This species is not well charecterized (D. Gower and R. Kotharambath pers. comm. September 2020). 59602,Ichthyophis asplenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,asplenius,,,,,"(Taylor, 1965)",Reports of this species from mainland Southeast Asia require confirmation. 5966,Cupedora luteofusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cupedora,luteofusca,,,,,"Cox, 1868", 59609,Ichthyophis bannanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,bannanicus,,,,,"Yang, 1984",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2004). It could comprise more than one species. 59610,Ichthyophis beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,beddomei,,,,,"Peters, 1880","This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2003, R. Kotharambath pers. comm. September 2020)." 5968,Cupedora nottensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cupedora,nottensis,,,,,"Solem, 1992", 59614,Ichthyophis bombayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,bombayensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1960","A study by Gower et al. (2007) found that genetic diversity among unstriped, long-tailed Ichthyophis of the Western Ghats is low, supporting the hypothesis that there is only a single, widely distributed species, Ichthyophis bombayensis.

N. Dahanukar (pers. comm. pre-2010) questions the basis of Gower et al.’s (2007) conclusion that the long-tailed unstriped Ichthyophis of peninsular India comprise a single species (I. bombayensis), because only a small amount of only mitochondrial DNA sequence data were analysed and because they did not present quantitative morphometric analyses." 59617,Ichthyophis garoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,garoensis,,,,,"Pillai & Ravichandran, 1999",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59619,Ichthyophis humphreyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,humphreyi,,,,,"Taylor, 1973","The taxonomy of this species is particularly poorly understood, and this species is of doubtful validity (Mark Wilkinson pers. comm. 2004)." 5969,Cupedora sutilosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cupedora,sutilosa,,,,,"Deshayes, 1850", 59625,Ichthyophis longicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,longicephalus,,,,,"Pillai, 1986", 59693,Aethiothemis basilewskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,basilewskyi,,,,,"Fraser, 1954","Changed from Aethiothemis watulikii Pinhey, 1962 to A. basilewskyi Fraser, 1954 for 2005 Red List. A. watulikii was described on the basis of minor colour differences to A. basilewskyi, which do not support an own species status (Dijkstra 2007). Both basilewskyi and watulikii pertain to a slender, dark Aethiothemis species, known from limited material from the Congo basin." 59697,Atoconeura aethiopica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Atoconeura,aethiopica,,,,,"Kimmins, 1958","Atoconeura aethiopica was formerly considered a subspecies of A. biordinata, but it is now regarded as a valid species (Dijkstra in prep.)." 59698,Hemigomphus atratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hemigomphus,atratus,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 59632,Ichthyophis sikkimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,sikkimensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1960", 59636,Ichthyophis supachaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,supachaii,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. The paratypes and other specimens from outside the general vicinity of the type locality might include more than one species. 59637,Ichthyophis tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,tricolor,,,,,"Annandale, 1909",The species is not well circumscribed. Notable intraspecific genetic variation has been reported (Gower et al. 2002). 5964,Cupedora broughami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cupedora,broughami,,,,,"Angas, 1875", 59647,Rhinatrema bivittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Rhinatrema,bivittatum,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1829)",This species might consist of more than one species (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2003). 5965,Cupedora evandaleana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cupedora,evandaleana,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1864", 59654,Uraeotyphlus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Uraeotyphlus,interruptus,,,,,"Pillai & Ravichandran, 1999",There is uncertainty regarding the taxonomic distinctiveness of this species (D. Gower and R. Kotharambath pers. comm. September 2020). Its main reported diagnostic feature occurs more widely within the genus. 59655,Uraeotyphlus malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Uraeotyphlus,malabaricus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)", 5967,Cupedora marcidum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cupedora,marcidum,,,,,"Hedley, 1912", 59760,Elattoneura flavifacies,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,flavifacies,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1981)", 5970,Cupedora tomsetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Cupedora,tomsetti,,,,,"Tate, 1887", 59761,Progomphus serenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,serenus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1878", 59762,Progomphus tennesseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,tennesseni,,,,,"Daigle, 1996", 59702,Coenagrion australocaspicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,australocaspicum,,,,,"Dumont & Heidari, 1995", 59764,Protoneura capillaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,capillaris,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 59703,Coenagrion persicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,persicum,,,,,Lohmann 1993,The species is only known from the original description might turn out to be conspecific with C. pulchellum. 59765,Protoneura sanguinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,sanguinipes,,,,,"Westfall, 1987", 59705,Trithemis apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,apicalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)","Complex taxonomy: Anectothemis and Porpacithemis are synonyms of Congothemis (Dijkstra, unpubl.)." 59777,Pseudagrion superbum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,superbum,,,,,"Fraser, 1956","Pseudagrion quadrioculatum is conspecific with P. superbum. The latter was regarded synonymous with P. serrulatum by (Pinhey 1964), from which it only differs in minor details of markings (Dijkstra in prep)." 59709,Cordulegaster vanbrinkae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,vanbrinkae,,,,,"Lohmann, 1993", 59710,Crenigomphus abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Crenigomphus,abyssinicus,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)","Fraser (1960) stated that of C. abyssinicus ""only two females and a male are known. The former came from Abyssinia, the latter from Uganda and is regarded as the correct male […] only on supposition"". He added ""Uganda, swampy borders of Lake Victoria"" as the species’ habitat. The male – now the allotype (Natural History Museum, London) – is labelled ""E. abyssinia"". Presumably Fraser was in error, misleading later authors such as Pinhey (1962) who stated ""Uganda (teste Fraser, ex Carpenter)"" for C. abyssinicus. C. abyssinicus is not known from outside Ethiopia." 59711,Crenigomphus denticulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Crenigomphus,denticulatus,,,,,"Selys, 1892", 59712,Diceratobasis macrogaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Diceratobasis,macrogaster,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 59713,Diceratobasis melanogaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Diceratobasis,melanogaster,,,,,"Garrison, 1986", 59714,Dicterias atrosanguinea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DICTERIADIDAE,Dicterias,atrosanguinea,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 59715,Elattoneura pasquinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,pasquinii,,,,,"Consiglio, 1978", 59717,Erythrodiplax bromeliicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,bromeliicola,,,,,"Westfall in Needham, Westfall & May, 2000",This is the Erythrodiplax sp. of Laessle (1961) 59790,Aethiothemis bequaerti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,bequaerti,,,,,"Ris, 1919",There is some confusion over recent taxonomic changes for this species. 59791,Aethiothemis palustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,palustris,,,,,"Martin, 1912", 59719,Gomphus kinzelbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,kinzelbachi,,,,,"Schneider, 1984", 5972,Curassanthura bermudensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ANTHURIDAE,Curassanthura,bermudensis,,,,,"Waegele & Brandt, 1985","Prior to 2008, the generic name was incorrectly spelt on the IUCN Red List." 59732,Hylaeonympha magoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Hylaeonympha,magoi,,,,,"Rácenis, 1968", 59733,Junix elumbis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Junix,elumbis,,,,,"Rácenis, 1968",Monotypic genus. 59737,Lestes numidicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,numidicus,,,,,"Samraoui, Weekers & Dumont, 2003","This is a sibling species of Lestes virens, discriminated through breeding phenology and genetics (Samraoui et al. 2003)." 59743,Hypolestes clara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HYPOLESTIDAE,Hypolestes,clara,,,,,"(Calvert, 1891)","According to the New World Orthoptera Hypolestes clara should be transferred to Ortholestes clara. However, Paulson and von Ellenrieder (2005 submissions) note that this should be Hypolestes clara: originally described as Ortholestes clara. There is confusion about whether any Hispaniolan populations are this species, H. trinitatis of Cuba, or a third unnamed species (Dunkle 1991). Hypolestes occupies a somewhat isolated position in its family, and other family placement has been suggested, even a family of its own. It may be a sister group to most other modern damselflies (Rehn 2003)." 59744,Hypolestes trinitatis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HYPOLESTIDAE,Hypolestes,trinitatis,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1888)","According to the New World Orthoptera Hypolestes trinitatis should be transferred to Ortholestes trinitatis. However, according to Paulson and von Ellenrieder (2005 Red List submission), this should be Hypoletes: there is confusion about whether any Hispaniolan populations are this species, H. clara of Jamaica, or a third undescribed species (Dunkle 1991). Hispaniolan populations are usually listed with H. trinitatis, but penis structure is different (and this is often used to separate similar species). Hypolestes occupies a somewhat isolated position in its family, and other family placement has been suggested, even a family of its own. It may be a sister group to most other modern damselflies (Rehn 2003)." 59745,Neoneura carnatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,carnatica,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 59746,Neoneura maria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,maria,,,,,"(Scudder, 1866)","Senior synonym of Neoneura palustris Hagen, 1867." 59747,Neopetalia punctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NEOPETALIIDAE,Neopetalia,punctata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 59751,Nothodiplax dendrophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nothodiplax,dendrophila,,,,,"Belle, 1984",Monotypic genus. 59752,Onychogomphus kitchingmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,kitchingmani,,,,,"Pinhey, 1964", 59753,Paragomphus cataractae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,cataractae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1963", 59754,Paragomphus zambeziensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,zambeziensis,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 59756,Phyllopetalia altarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Phyllopetalia,altarensis,,,,,"(Carle, 1996)",Originally described under genus Eurypetalia; von Ellenrieder (in prep.) is currently reviewing taxonomy of South American austropetaliids. 59757,Phyllopetalia excrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Phyllopetalia,excrescens,,,,,"(Carle, 1996)",Originally described under genus Eurypetalia; von Ellenrieder (in prep.) is currently reviewing taxonomy of South American austropetaliids. 59758,Phyllopetalia pudu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Phyllopetalia,pudu,,,,,"(Dunkle, 1985)","Synonyms: Ophiopetalia auregaster Carle, 1996; Ophiopetalia araucana Carle, 1996; Ophiopetalia diana Carle, 1996 (von Ellenrieder in prep.).

The taxonomy of South American austropetaliids is currently being reviewed by von Ellenrieder. Carle (1996) created genus Ophiopetalia to include this species, and described three new species; von Ellenrieder (in prep.) is synonymyzing them." 59759,Phyllopetalia stictica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Phyllopetalia,stictica,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858","Taxonomy of South American austropetaliids is currently
being reviewed by von Ellenrieder." 59768,Pseudagrion guichardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,guichardi,,,,,"Kimmins, 1958","This species was introduced as ""Gomphus ruppeli"" (after Eduard Rüppell) by Selys-Longchamps (1858). The name has been spelt in several ways since, mainly to correct for the vowel mutation and the missing consonant." 59770,Risiocnemis seidenschwarzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,seidenschwarzi,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2000", 59771,Sciotropis cyclanthorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Sciotropis,cyclanthorum,,,,,"Rácenis, 1959", 59775,Stenocora percornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Stenocora,percornuta,,,,,"Kennedy, 1940", 59867,Elattoneura nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,nigra,,,,,"Kimmins, 1938", 59886,Hadrothemis scabrifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hadrothemis,scabrifrons,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 59815,Atoconeura biordinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Atoconeura,biordinata,,,,,"Karsch, 1899", 59895,Ictinogomphus regisalberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,regisalberti,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)", 59823,Brachythemis wilsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachythemis,wilsoni,,,,,"Pinhey, 1952", 59836,Allocnemis abbotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,abbotti,,,,,"(Calvert, 1896)", 59837,Elattoneura cellularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,cellularis,,,,,"(Grünberg, 1902)","Originally described as Disparoneura cellularis Grünberg, 1902. It was ""referred with some doubt to Isomecocnemis"" by Cowley (1936) (Dijkstra 2007). Pinhey (1962a) considered the species as belonging to Elattoneura. Dijkstra (2007) confirms that the species belongs to Elattoneura. The male holotype is held at ZMH, Berlin." 59839,Allocnemis marshalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,marshalli,,,,,"(Ris, 1921)","The dark form, P. impedita, occurs in the highlands of Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe." 59840,Allocnemis montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,montana,,,,,"(St. Quentin, 1942)", 59861,Crocothemis saxicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,saxicolor,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 59963,Orthetrum saegeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,saegeri,,,,,"Pinhey, 1966", 5990,Cyanophrys bertha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cyanophrys,bertha,,,,,"Jones, 1912", 59979,Paragomphus nyasicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,nyasicus,,,,,"Kimmins, 1955", 59980,Paragomphus pumilio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,pumilio,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",The species is the smallest of the four of the genus within the assessment area. A key to separate them is given by Schneider (1986). 59985,Phyllogomphus annulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,annulus,,,,,"Klots, 1944","Synonyms = Phyllogomphus selysi sensu Fraser, 1957; P. dundomajoricus Fraser, 1957; P. dundominusculus Fraser, 1957." 59913,Microgomphus nyassicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,nyassicus,,,,,"(Grünberg, 1902)",Very recently comparing the types in the Bulawayo museum Dijkstra synomynised M. mozambicensis. This is still unpublished. 59989,Phyllomacromia bispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,bispina,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)", 59990,Phyllomacromia congolica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,congolica,,,,,"(Fraser, 1955)", 59916,Micromacromia miraculosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micromacromia,miraculosa,,,,,"(Förster, 1906)", 59991,Phyllomacromia flavimitella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,flavimitella,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1966)", 59917,Neodythemis afra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,afra,,,,,"(Ris, 1909)","Originally described as Micromacromia, but moved to Neodythemis (Dijkstra and Vick 2006). Synonymy and generic placement is discussed by Dijkstra and Vick (2006)." 59919,Neodythemis preussi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,preussi,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)",Previously placed in Allorrhizucha (Dijkstra and Vick 2006). 59995,Phyllomacromia monoceros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,monoceros,,,,,"(Förster, 1906)","Possible synonym = Phyllomacromia onerata (Martin, 1907)." 59920,Nepogomphoides stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nepogomphoides,stuhlmanni,,,,,"Karsch, 1899", 59996,Phyllomacromia pallidinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,pallidinervis,,,,,"(Förster, 1906)", 59922,Mastigogomphus dissimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Mastigogomphus,dissimilis,,,,,"(Cammaerts, 2004)",The larger subspecies N. malawiensis in Malawi (Mulanje) is likely to be transferred to a new genus: Mastigogomphus. 59925,Neurogomphus zambeziensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,zambeziensis,,,,,"Cammaerts, 2004", 59928,Notogomphus dendrohyrax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,dendrohyrax,,,,,"(Förster, 1906)", 59931,Notogomphus kilimandjaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,kilimandjaricus,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1909)",N. meruensis is a synonym to N. kilimanjaricus (not yet published). 59937,Notogomphus praetorius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,praetorius,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 59939,Notogomphus zernyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,zernyi,,,,,"(St. Quentin, 1942)", 59940,Zygonoides fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonoides,fraseri,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1956)",Synonym = Olpogastra fraseri. 59944,Onychogomphus pilosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,pilosus,,,,,"(Martin, 1912)", 59946,Onychogomphus supinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,supinus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854","The taxonomy of Onychogomphus near O. supinus is extremely difficult and all records of similar taxa are combined here, including Legrand's (2003) O. quirkii." 59949,Orthetrum angustiventre,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,angustiventre,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 59960,Orthetrum macrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,macrostigma,,,,,"Longfield, 1947", 59973,Paragomphus bredoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,bredoi,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)","Paragomphus bredoi (Schouteden, 1934) is most likely a synonym of P. serrulatus (Dijkstra unpub. data)." 59977,Paragomphus lacustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,lacustris,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)",Some questions over the status of the species (very similar to Paragomphus elpidius). 60002,Proplatycnemis pembipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,pembipes,,,,,"(Dijkstra, Clausnitzer & Martens, 2007)","This Pemba Island species is nearly identical to some species of the Malagasy radiation of Platycnemis, but distant from the Guineo-Congolian species that have tropical Asian affinities. The species is likely to be a long-distance wind-borne arrival from Madagascar, which survived due to favourable climatic conditions on Pemba (Dijkstra et al. 2007)." 60063,Trithemis monardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,monardi,,,,,"Ris, 1931","Trithemis imitata Pinhey, 1961 and T. monardi Ris, 1931 are very similar species, with rather relative differences in markings. Their taxonomy needs to be resolved in a geographic perspective. Most T. imitata and T. monardi records appear to be from North and South of the Equator respectively (see also Dijkstra 2007). For the time being T. imitata is regarded as a synonym to T. monardi." 60008,Porpax risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Porpax,risi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1958", 6008,Cyclocosmia torreya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CTENIZIDAE,Cyclocosmia,torreya,,,,,"Gertsch & Platnick, 1975", 60011,Pseudagrion assegaii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,assegaii,,,,,"Pinhey, 1950","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". P. assegaii is a B-group species." 60013,Pseudagrion coelestis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,coelestis,,,,,"Longfield, 1947","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". Pseudagrion coelestis is a B-group species." 6002,Cyathopoma nishinoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyathopoma,nishinoi,,,,,"Minato, 1980", 60020,Pseudagrion helenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,helenae,,,,,"Balinsky, 1964","B-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 60021,Pseudagrion inconspicuum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,inconspicuum,,,,,"Ris, 1931","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 60024,Pseudagrion lindicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,lindicum,,,,,"Grünberg, 1902","B-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 60043,Tetrathemis denticauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,denticauda,,,,,"Fraser, 1954", 60045,Tetrathemis ruwensoriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,ruwensoriensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1941", 60054,Trithemis bifida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,bifida,,,,,"Pinhey, 1970",Some records were misidentifications. The taxonomic confusion was recently solved by Dijkstra (in prep.). 60134,Torpedo panthera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,panthera,,,,,"Olfers, 1831","This species is often confused with the sympatric Persian Gulf Torpedo (Torpedo sinuspercisi), though it can be distinguished by a less reticulate dorsal pattern (Last et al. 2016). There is some taxonomic uncertainty with both species possibly part of a species complex (Last et al. 2016)." 60259,Hypopetalia pestilens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Hypopetalia,pestilens,,,,,"McLachlan, 1870", 6020,Cyclophorus horridulum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyclophorus,horridulum,,,,,"(Morelet, 1882)", 60261,Palaemnema baltodanoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,baltodanoi,,,,,"Brooks, 1989", 60260,Protoneura caligata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,caligata,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1886",Microneura is a monotypic genus. 60262,Progomphus zephyrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,zephyrus,,,,,"Needham, 1941", 60273,Libellula pontica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,pontica,,,,,"Selys, 1887",Formerly often considered as a subspecies of Libellula fulva. 60275,Trithemis ellenbeckii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,ellenbeckii,,,,,"Förster, 1906", 60288,Coenagrion ponticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,ponticum,,,,,"(Bartenev, 1929)","Coenagrion intermedium Lohmann 1990 from Crete is regarded either as a full species or a subspecies of C. ponticum. Full species rank is retained here for both taxa. This assessment is for C. ponticum sensu stricto, from the South Caucasus area." 60290,Gomphus lucasii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,lucasii,,,,,"Selys, 1849", 60297,Trithemis aequalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,aequalis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1969",This species has been described almost simultaneously from Northern Zambia (aequalis) and the Okavango Delta (falconis). K.D. Dijkstra (pers. comm.) who compared material of both did not find relevant differences. 60298,Trithemis brydeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,brydeni,,,,,"Pinhey, 1970", 6024,Cycloptilum irregularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Cycloptilum,irregularis,,,,,"Love & Walker, 1979", 60249,Chalcothore montgomeryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Chalcothore,montgomeryi,,,,,"(Rácenis, 1968)",A monotypic genus. 6025,Cyclosurus mariei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyclosurus,mariei,,,,,"Morelet, 1881", 60250,Enallagma truncatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,truncatum,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1888)", 60251,Epigomphus corniculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,corniculatus,,,,,"Belle, 1989", 60252,Epigomphus donnellyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,donnellyi,,,,,"González & Cook, 1988", 60253,Epigomphus echeverrii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,echeverrii,,,,,"Brooks, 1989", 60254,Epigomphus flinti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,flinti,,,,,"Donnelly, 1989", 60255,Epigomphus houghtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,houghtoni,,,,,"Brooks, 1989", 60256,Epigomphus maya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,maya,,,,,"Donnelly, 1989", 60257,Epigomphus sulcatistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,sulcatistyla,,,,,"Donnelly, 1989","Originally considered E. paulsoni Belle, 1981." 60258,Epigomphus westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,westfalli,,,,,"Donnelly, 1986", 60264,Rimanella arcana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,RIMANELLIDAE,Rimanella,arcana,,,,,"(Needham, 1933)","Closest relative is West African Pentaphlebia (De Marmels 1996, De Marmels et al. 1996)." 60267,Notogomphus cottarellii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,cottarellii,,,,,"Consiglio, 1978", 60268,Notogomphus ruppeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,ruppeli,,,,,"(Selys, 1858)","This species was introduced as Gomphus ruppeli (after Eduard Rüppell) by Selys-Longchamps (1858). The name has been spelt in several ways since, mainly to correct for the vowel mutation and the missing consonant." 60269,Orthetrum kristenseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,kristenseni,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 60271,Pseudagrion kaffinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,kaffinum,,,,,"Consiglio, 1978", 60272,Coenagrion syriacum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,syriacum,,,,,"(Morton, 1924)","First described as a subspecies of Coenagrion puella (Linnaeus, 1758) (in the genus Agrion) from Palestine, this is now widely accepted as a valid species, endemic to the Levant and southern Turkey (Dumont 1977; Schneider and Moubayed 1985; Schneider 1986; Battin 1993; Kalkman 2006; Kalkman and van Pelt 2006a,b). Dumont (1991) placed it again in the synonymy of Coenagrion puella." 6030,Cyclura nubila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,nubila,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 60300,Gomphus davidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,davidi,,,,,"Selys, 1887","This east Mediterranean endemic is morphologically well distinct from other regional Gomphus species. The syntype series came from Iskenderun, Beirut and Damascus (Selys 1887). St. Quentin's (1965) record from Izmir (= Smyrna) is certainly a misidentification of G. schneiderii and therefore correctly not listed by Kalkman and van Pelt (2006); the same holds true for the specimens reported by St. Quentin (1994, 1995) and by Asahina (1973) from northern Iraq. Most likely both refer to Gomphus kinzelbachi (Schneider, 1984)." 60302,Orthetrum poecilops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,poecilops,,,,,"Ris, 1919","Ris (1919) described Orthetrum poecilops poecilops from Guangdong. The subspecies Orthetrum poecilops miyajimaense Yuki & Doi, 1938 was described, originally as separate species, from Miyajima, a small island near Hiroshima, southern Honshu, Japan. Asahina and Sawano (1957) synonymised the two taxa but later Asahina (1970) reinstated miyajimaense at subspecies level, based principally on its smaller size. Wilson (2001) considers the two taxa are probably synonyms. Nevertheless the Japanese population represents a distinct and isolated (fragmented) population." 60361,Aplocheilichthys usanguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,usanguensis,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1977", 60303,Copadichromis sp. nov. 'Virginalis Kajose',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,sp. nov. 'Virginalis Kajose',,,,,,Regarded as C. virginalis in most fisheries papers. 60305,Aplocheilichthys maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,maculatus,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1957", 60375,Squalius palaciosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,palaciosi,,,,,"(Doadrio, 1980)",This species cannot currently be assessed due to taxonomic issues. 60378,Rutilus ohridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,ohridanus,,,,,"(Karaman, 1924)","A revision of the genus Rutilus from southern Europe on morphological and molecular basis is in progress by Bianco P.G., Ketmaier, V. and Durand J.-Do. However this would not affect the Red List status of the species." 60379,Aplocheilichthys lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,lacustris,,,,,"Seegers, 1984", 60381,Opsaridium splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,splendens,,,,,"Taverne & De Vos, 1997", 60384,Telestes pleurobipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,pleurobipunctatus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1939)","Telestes pleurobipunctatus is structured in a number of distinct molecular groups which are all treated as one species here. In future, it might be tested if they might represent different species or only divergent molecular lineages within T. pleurobipunctatus." 60317,Diastatomma bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diastatomma,bicolor,,,,,"Selys, 1869","Similar to D. selysi of Congo Basin, but probably distinct (Dijkstra unpubl.)." 60319,Oreochromis latilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,latilabris,,,,,"Seegers & Tichy, 1999", 60387,Mastacembelus albomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,albomaculatus,,,,,"Poll, 1953",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60388,Mastacembelus cunningtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,cunningtoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60320,Mormyrus bernhardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,bernhardi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1926","Validity doubtful, Possibly a junior synonym of Mormyrus hildebrandti Peters, 1882 (Seegers et al., unpublished)." 60389,Mastacembelus ellipsifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,ellipsifer,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60321,Chiloglanis rukwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,rukwaensis,,,,,"Seegers, 1996", 60322,Barbus sp. nov. 'Pangani',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,sp. nov. 'Pangani',,,,,,"Closely related to 'Barbus' apleurogramma. Most likely an undescribed small Barbus, currently under description (Seegers, work in progress) (see Seegers et al., unpublished).

The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species which are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. However, no attempts have yet been made at an adequate nomenclature of the African forms. We therefore follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use in this paper the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus (Seegers et al., unpublished)." 60390,Mastacembelus flavidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,flavidus,,,,,"Matthes, 1962",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60323,Chiloglanis trilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,trilobatus,,,,,"Seegers, 1996", 60391,Mastacembelus micropectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,micropectus,,,,,"Matthes, 1962",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60392,Mastacembelus ophidium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,ophidium,,,,,"Günther, 1894",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60325,Aplocheilichthys sp. nov. 'Baringo',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,sp. nov. 'Baringo',,,,,,"Taxonomic status uncertain. Appears to be close to Aplocheilichthys maculatus Klausewitz, 1957." 60393,Mastacembelus plagiostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,plagiostomus,,,,,"Matthes, 1962",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60326,Petersius conserialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Petersius,conserialis,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1894", 60394,Mastacembelus platysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,platysoma,,,,,"Poll & Matthes, 1962",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60395,Mastacembelus tanganicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,tanganicae,,,,,"Günther, 1894",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60396,Mastacembelus zebratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,zebratus,,,,,"Matthes, 1962",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 60329,Neodythemis campioni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,campioni,,,,,"(Ris, 1915)",Previously placed in Allorrhizucha (Dijkstra and Vick 2006). 6033,Cyclura rileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,rileyi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1903", 60398,Chelaethiops minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Chelaethiops,minutus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60330,Schilbe moebiusii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,moebiusii,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1896)", 60331,Synodontis ricardoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,ricardoae,,,,,"Seegers, 1996", 60332,Synodontis punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,punctulatus,,,,,"Günther, 1889", 60334,Zingel balcanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Zingel,balcanicus,,,,,"(Karaman, 1937)", 60337,Pelasgus thesproticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelasgus,thesproticus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1939)", 60338,Zaireichthys wamiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,wamiensis,,,,,"(Seegers, 1989)","Roberts (2003) removed most species from Leptoglanis and placed them, instead, into Zaireichthys." 60340,Haplochromis nubilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nubilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60342,Haplochromis sp. nov. 'Chala',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,sp. nov. 'Chala',,,,,,"Undescribed. Taxonomic status uncertain. According to local fisherman from Lake Chala, this species was introduced in the crater lake in the 1970s having probably originated from Lake Babati, Tanzania." 60343,Iberochondrostoma oretanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Iberochondrostoma,oretanum,,,,,"(Doadrio & Carmona, 2003)", 60347,Cobitis vettonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,vettonica,,,,,"Doadrio & Perdices, 1997", 6035,Cyclura cychlura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,cychlura,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 60352,Orthochromis luichensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,luichensis,,,,,"De Vos & Seegers, 1998", 60354,Squalius spurius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,spurius,,,,,"Heckel, 1843","Recent taxonomic change from genus Leuciscus to Squalius (Zardoya and Doadrio 1999, Sanjur et al. 2003)." 60363,Labeo aff. mesops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,aff. mesops,,,,,"Günther, 1868","The taxonomic status of the Tana population is uncertain. Reid (1985) lists this fish as Labeo mesops, a dubious identification (Seegers et al., unpublished)." 60366,Chiloglanis kalambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,kalambo,,,,,"Seegers, 1996", 60367,Salmo lumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,lumi,,,,,"Poljakov, Filipi, Basho & Hysenaj, 1958", 60369,Orthochromis rugufuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,rugufuensis,,,,,"De Vos & Seegers, 1998", 60458,Astatoreochromis vanderhorsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatoreochromis,vanderhorsti,,,,,"(Greenwood, 1954)", 60459,Astatoreochromis straeleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatoreochromis,straeleni,,,,,"(Poll, 1944)", 60400,Squalius alburnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,alburnoides,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)","Recent change from genus Leuciscus to Squalius (Zardoya and Doadrio 1999, Sanjur et al. 2003). Squalius alburnoides transferred to Iberocypris (Kottelat and Freyhof 2007). Often placed back to Squalius in recent years, an opinion which lack scientific background." 60460,Astatotilapia paludinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatotilapia,paludinosa,,,,,"Greenwood, 1980", 60401,Squalius prespensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,prespensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1977)", 60463,Astatotilapia stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatotilapia,stappersii,,,,,"(Poll, 1943)", 60473,Benthochromis melanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benthochromis,melanoides,,,,,"(Poll, 1984)", 60474,Benthochromis tricoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Benthochromis,tricoti,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)", 60407,Salmo aphelios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,aphelios,,,,,"Kottelat, 1997", 60475,Boulengerochromis microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Boulengerochromis,microlepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 60476,Callochromis pleurospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Callochromis,pleurospilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60477,Callochromis melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Callochromis,melanostigma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)",Genus Callochromis needs revision. 60478,Callochromis macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Callochromis,macrops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60480,Cardiopharynx schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cardiopharynx,schoutedeni,,,,,"Poll, 1942", 60481,Chalinochromis brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chalinochromis,brichardi,,,,,"Poll, 1974", 60482,Ctenochromis horei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ctenochromis,horei,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 60483,Ctenochromis benthicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ctenochromis,benthicola,,,,,"(Matthes,1962)", 60484,Cunningtonia longiventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cunningtonia,longiventralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60417,Ctenochromis aff. pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ctenochromis,aff. pectoralis,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1893",The status of the population in Mzima springs is uncertain. It might be distinct from Ctenochromis pectoralis known from the Pangani drainage. More research is required. 60485,Cyathopharynx furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyathopharynx,furcifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60486,Cyphotilapia frontosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyphotilapia,frontosa,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60487,Cyprichromis microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyprichromis,microlepidotus,,,,,"(Poll, 1956)", 60488,Cyprichromis leptosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyprichromis,leptosoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60489,Ectodus descampsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ectodus,descampsi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60490,Xenotilapia melanogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,melanogenys,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","Synonym = Enantiopus melanogenys (Boulenger, 1898)." 60491,Eretmodus cyanostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Eretmodus,cyanostictus,,,,,"Boulenger,1898", 60424,Labeo sp. nov. 'Baomo',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,sp. nov. 'Baomo',,,,,,An undescribed species recently collected near Baomo (Seegers et al. unpublished). 60492,Gnathochromis pfefferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gnathochromis,pfefferi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60425,Aplocheilichthys rudolfianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,rudolfianus,,,,,"(Worthington, 1932)",Also reported as Haplochilichthys rudolfianus (old binomen). 60493,Gnathochromis permaxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gnathochromis,permaxillaris,,,,,"(David, 1936)", 60494,Grammatotria lemairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Grammatotria,lemairii,,,,,"Boulenger,1899", 60495,Greenwoodochromis christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Greenwoodochromis,christyi,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1953)", 60496,Greenwoodochromis bellcrossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Greenwoodochromis,bellcrossi,,,,,"(Poll, 1976)", 60429,Lamprichthys tanganicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Lamprichthys,tanganicanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60497,Haplochromis schubotzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,schubotzi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 60498,Haplochromis aeneocolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,aeneocolor,,,,,"Greenwood, 1973", 60499,Haplochromis oregosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,oregosoma,,,,,"Greenwood, 1973", 60443,Pantanodon stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pantanodon,stuhlmanni,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)",Also reported under the old name Aplocheilichthys stuhlmanni. 60446,Delminichthys krbavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Delminichthys,krbavensis,,,,,"(Zupančič & Bogutskaya, 2002)", 60448,Raiamas moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,moorii,,,,,"(Boulenger,1900)", 60449,Opsaridium loveridgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,loveridgii,,,,,"(Norman,1922)",The spelling loveridgei (Lévêque and Daget 1984) (CLOFFA) is not correct. 60450,Chelaethiops rukwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Chelaethiops,rukwaensis,,,,,"(Ricardo, 1939)", 60451,Labeo fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,fuelleborni,,,,,"Hilgendorf & Pappenheim, 1903", 60452,Oreochromis alcalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,alcalicus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1905)",Previously also reported as Tilapia alcalica and Oreochromis (Alcolapia) alcalicus alcalicus. Specific rank according to Seegers and Tichy (1999). 60453,Oreochromis grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,grahami,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","Also reported under the old names Tilapia grahami and Oreochromis (Alcolapia) alcalicus grahami. Specific rank according to Seegers and Tichy (1999). Reported as Tilapia mossambica (non Peters, 1852) by Woodhouse (1912), a misidentification." 60454,Altolamprologus compressiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Altolamprologus,compressiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60455,Altolamprologus calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Altolamprologus,calvus,,,,,"(Poll, 1978)", 60456,Xenotilapia leptura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,leptura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 60464,Aulonocranus dewindti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocranus,dewindti,,,,,"(Boulenger,1899)", 60465,Baileychromis centropomoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Baileychromis,centropomoides,,,,,"(Bailey & Stewart, 1977)", 60466,Bathybates hornii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bathybates,hornii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1911", 60467,Bathybates ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bathybates,ferox,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60468,Bathybates graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bathybates,graueri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1911", 60469,Bathybates fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bathybates,fasciatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 60470,Bathybates minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bathybates,minor,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60471,Bathybates leo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bathybates,leo,,,,,"Poll, 1956", 60472,Bathybates vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bathybates,vittatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 60562,Limnochromis staneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Limnochromis,staneri,,,,,"Poll, 1949", 60500,Haplochromis microchrysomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,microchrysomelas,,,,,"Snoeks, 1994", 60563,Limnochromis auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Limnochromis,auritus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 60501,Haplochromis occultidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,occultidens,,,,,"Snoeks, 1988", 60565,Limnotilapia dardennii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Limnotilapia,dardennii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 60502,Haplochromis scheffersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,scheffersi,,,,,"Snoeks, De Vos & Thys Van Den Audenaerde, 1987", 60564,Limnochromis abeelei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Limnochromis,abeelei,,,,,"Poll, 1949", 60503,Haplochromis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,elegans,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 60566,Haplochromis microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,microdon,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60504,Haplochromis vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,vittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 60567,Haplochromis melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,melanopterus,,,,,"Trewavas,1928", 60505,Haplochromis insidiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,insidiae,,,,,"Snoeks, 1994", 60506,Haplochromis turkanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,turkanae,,,,,"Greenwood, 1974", 60507,Haplochromis labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,labiatus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 60508,Haplochromis pappenheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pappenheimi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 60509,Haplochromis erythromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,erythromaculatus,,,,,"De Vos, Snoeks & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1991", 60582,Neolamprologus furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,furcifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60510,Haplochromis angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,angustifrons,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 60583,Neolamprologus hecqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,hecqui,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 60511,Haplochromis mylodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,mylodon,,,,,"Greenwood, 1973",Specimens identified as Haplochromis ishmaeli are from Lake Edward. 60584,Neolamprologus falcicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,falcicula,,,,,"(Brichard, 1989)", 60512,Haplochromis limax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,limax,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 60585,Neolamprologus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,crassus,,,,,"(Brichard, 1989)", 60513,Haplochromis macropsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,macropsoides,,,,,"Greenwood, 1973", 60586,Neolamprologus meeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,meeli,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)", 60514,Haplochromis nigroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nigroides,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 60587,Neolamprologus tretocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,tretocephalus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 60515,Haplochromis paucidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,paucidens,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 60588,Neolamprologus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,gracilis,,,,,"(Brichard, 1989)", 60516,Haplochromis kamiranzovu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,kamiranzovu,,,,,"Snoeks, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1984", 60589,Neolamprologus longior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,longior,,,,,"(Staeck, 1980)", 60517,Haplochromis rudolfianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,rudolfianus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933","Sometimes treated under Thoracochromis, this is considered to be a subgenus here." 60518,Haplochromis olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,olivaceus,,,,,"Snoeks, De Vos, Coenen & Thys Van Den Audenaerde, 1990", 60590,Neolamprologus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,niger,,,,,"(Poll, 1956)", 60519,Haplochromis nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nigripinnis,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 60591,Neolamprologus caudopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,caudopunctatus,,,,,"(Poll, 1978)", 60520,Haplochromis rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,rubescens,,,,,"Snoeks, 1994", 60592,Neolamprologus leloupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,leloupi,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)", 60521,Haplochromis schubotziellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,schubotziellus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1973", 60593,Neolamprologus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60522,Haplochromis macconneli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,macconneli,,,,,"Greenwood, 1974",Also treated under the name Thoracochromis) which is considered here to be a subgenus. 60594,Neolamprologus tetracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,tetracanthus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 60523,Haplochromis taurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,taurinus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 60595,Neolamprologus wauthioni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,wauthioni,,,,,"(Poll, 1949)", 60524,Haplochromis eduardianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,eduardianus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 60596,Neolamprologus pleuromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,pleuromaculatus,,,,,"(Trewavas & Poll, 1952)", 60525,Haplochromis petronius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,petronius,,,,,"Greenwood, 1973", 60597,Neolamprologus sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,sexfasciatus,,,,,"(Trewavas & Poll, 1952)", 60526,Haplochromis squamipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,squamipinnis,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 60598,Neolamprologus petricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,petricola,,,,,"(Poll, 1949)", 60527,Haplochromis gracilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,gracilior,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 60599,Neolamprologus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,obscurus,,,,,"(Poll, 1978)", 60528,Haplochromis crebridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,crebridens,,,,,"Snoeks, De Vos, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990", 60529,Haplochromis graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,graueri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 60530,Haplotaxodon microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplotaxodon,microlepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60531,Haplochromis maculipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,maculipinna,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1913)", 60532,Haplochromis guiarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,guiarti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)", 60533,Haplochromis serranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,serranus,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1896)",A large growing species but less specialized compared to other fish eaters. 60534,Haplochromis cavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cavifrons,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1888)","The densely freckled appearance of H. cavifrons, both alive and dead, is very characteristic. Both in males and females the head and body are densely speckled with brown spots and blotches." 60535,Haplochromis howesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,howesi,,,,,"van Oijen, 1992", 60536,Haplochromis victorianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,victorianus,,,,,"(Pellegrin,1904)", 60537,Haplochromis plagiostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,plagiostoma,,,,,"Regan,1922", 60538,Haplochromis argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,argenteus,,,,,"Regan,1922", 60539,Haplochromis spekii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,spekii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60540,Hemibates stenosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemibates,stenosoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 60542,Julidochromis regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Julidochromis,regani,,,,,"Poll, 1942", 60543,Julidochromis dickfeldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Julidochromis,dickfeldi,,,,,"Staeck, 1975", 60544,Julidochromis transcriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Julidochromis,transcriptus,,,,,"Matthes, 1959", 60545,Julidochromis ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Julidochromis,ornatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60546,Julidochromis marlieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Julidochromis,marlieri,,,,,"Poll, 1956", 60547,Lamprologus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1909)", 60548,Lamprologus finalimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,finalimus,,,,,"Nichols & La Monte, 1931","The taxonomy of L. finalimus is unclear as it seems to be very similar to Neolamprologus caudopunctatus (Poll, 1978) and L. lemairri Boulenger, 1899." 60549,Lamprologus callipterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,callipterus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60550,Lamprologus kungweensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,kungweensis,,,,,"Poll, 1956", 60551,Lamprologus lemairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,lemairii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 60552,Lamprologus ornatipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,ornatipinnis,,,,,"Poll, 1949", 60553,Lamprologus signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lamprologus,signatus,,,,,"Poll, 1952", 60554,Lepidiolamprologus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lepidiolamprologus,elongatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60555,Lepidiolamprologus kendalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lepidiolamprologus,kendalli,,,,,"(Poll & Stewart, 1977)","Following Konings and Dieckhoff (1992) and Konings (1998), L. nkambae is now considered a junior synonym of L. kendalli." 60557,Lepidiolamprologus profundicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lepidiolamprologus,profundicola,,,,,"(Poll, 1949)", 60558,Lepidiolamprologus cunningtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lepidiolamprologus,cunningtoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60559,Lepidiolamprologus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lepidiolamprologus,attenuatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1909)", 60560,Lestradea perspicax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lestradea,perspicax,,,,,"Poll, 1943", 60561,Lestradea stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lestradea,stappersii,,,,,"(Poll, 1943)", 60568,Haplochromis cryptodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,cryptodon,,,,,"Greenwood,1959", 60572,Lobochilotes labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lobochilotes,labiatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60575,Xenotilapia tenuidentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,tenuidentata,,,,,"Poll, 1951","Synonym = Microdontochromis tenuidentatus (Poll., 1951)." 60657,Plecodus straeleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Plecodus,straeleni,,,,,"Poll, 1948", 60600,Neolamprologus toae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,toae,,,,,"(Poll, 1949)", 60658,Plecodus multidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Plecodus,multidentatus,,,,,"Poll, 1952", 60601,Neolamprologus olivaceous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,olivaceous,,,,,"(Brichard, 1989)",There is currently some discussion about the type locality of N. olivaceous. Konings (1998) also proposed that this species should be regarded as a synonym of N. pulcher. This has not been confirmed yet. 6066,Cylindrovertilla kingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Cylindrovertilla,kingi,,,,,"Cox, 1864", 60602,Neolamprologus multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60659,Plecodus elaviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Plecodus,elaviae,,,,,"Poll, 1949", 60603,Neolamprologus prochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,prochilus,,,,,"(Bailey & Stewart, 1977)", 60660,Plecodus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Plecodus,paradoxus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60604,Neolamprologus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,pulcher,,,,,"(Trewavas & Poll, 1952)", 60661,Haplochromis saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,saxicola,,,,,"Greenwood, 1960", 60605,Neolamprologus savoryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,savoryi,,,,,"(Poll, 1949)", 60606,Neolamprologus mondabu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,mondabu,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60672,Reganochromis calliurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Reganochromis,calliurus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 60607,Neolamprologus boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,boulengeri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1909)", 60673,Serranochromis janus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,janus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1964", 60608,Neolamprologus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,modestus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60674,Simochromis marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Simochromis,marginatus,,,,,"Poll, 1956", 60609,Neolamprologus buescheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,buescheri,,,,,"(Staeck, 1983)", 60675,Simochromis pleurospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Simochromis,pleurospilus,,,,,"Nelissen, 1978", 6061,Cylindraspis indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Cylindraspis,indica,,,,,"(Schneider, 1783)","The 1996 and 2000 IUCN Red Lists included C. borbonica as a separate species, this is now placed as a synonym of C. indica." 60676,Simochromis babaulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Simochromis,babaulti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1927", 60610,Neolamprologus brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,brichardi,,,,,"(Poll, 1974)", 60677,Simochromis loocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Simochromis,loocki,,,,,"(Poll, 1949)", 60611,Neolamprologus mustax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,mustax,,,,,"(Poll, 1978)", 60678,Simochromis diagramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Simochromis,diagramma,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 60612,Neolamprologus leleupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,leleupi,,,,,"(Poll, 1956)", 60679,Simochromis margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Simochromis,margaretae,,,,,"Axelrod & Harrison, 1978", 60613,Neolamprologus moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,moorii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60614,Neolamprologus schreyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,schreyeni,,,,,"(Poll, 1974)", 60680,Spathodus erythrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Spathodus,erythrodon,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 60615,Neolamprologus splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,splendens,,,,,"(Brichard, 1989)", 60681,Spathodus marlieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Spathodus,marlieri,,,,,"Poll, 1950", 60616,Neolamprologus christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,christyi,,,,,"(Trewavas & Poll, 1952)", 60682,Tangachromis dhanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tangachromis,dhanisi,,,,,"(Poll, 1949)", 60617,Neolamprologus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neolamprologus,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 60683,Tanganicodus irsacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tanganicodus,irsacae,,,,,"Poll, 1950", 60618,Ophthalmotilapia heterodonta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ophthalmotilapia,heterodonta,,,,,"(Poll & Matthes, 1962)", 60684,Telmatochromis vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Telmatochromis,vittatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60619,Ophthalmotilapia nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ophthalmotilapia,nasuta,,,,,"(Poll & Matthes, 1962)", 60685,Telmatochromis bifrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Telmatochromis,bifrenatus,,,,,"Myers, 1936", 6062,Cylindraspis inepta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Cylindraspis,inepta,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 60686,Telmatochromis dhonti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Telmatochromis,dhonti,,,,,"(Boulenger,1919)", 60620,Ophthalmotilapia boops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ophthalmotilapia,boops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 60687,Telmatochromis brachygnathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Telmatochromis,brachygnathus,,,,,"Hanssens & Snoeks, 2003", 60621,Ophthalmotilapia ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ophthalmotilapia,ventralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 60688,Telmatochromis temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Telmatochromis,temporalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60622,Oreochromis korogwe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,korogwe,,,,,"(Lowe, 1955)", 60689,Trematocara macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,macrostoma,,,,,"Poll, 1952","Synonym = Telotrematocara macrostoma (Poll, 1952)." 60623,Oreochromis andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,andersonii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 6069,Monoplex parthenopaeum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,CYMATIIDAE,Monoplex,parthenopaeum,,,,,"(Von Salis, 1793)", 60624,Oreochromis mweruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,mweruensis,,,,,"Trewavas, 1983","Part of the distribution area of Oreochromis macrochir caused by introduction could be Oreochromis mweruensis due to wrong identifications.
Previously, O. macrochir and O. mweruensis were considered to be distinct subspecies of O. macrochir, but are now considered to be distinct at the specific level (De Vos et al. 2001)." 60625,Oreochromis tanganicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,tanganicae,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 60691,Nemacheilus dori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,dori,,,,,"(Goren & Bănărescu, 1982)","Initially included in Nemacheilus insignis, but valid as a separate species (M. Goren, pers. comm.)." 60692,Trematocara kufferathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,kufferathi,,,,,"Poll, 1948", 60693,Trematocara marginatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,marginatum,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 60628,Oreochromis jipe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,jipe,,,,,"(Lowe, 1955)","Previously also reported as Tilapia jipe, T. (Sarotherodon) jipe, T. (Oreochromis) jipe and S. jipe (antiquated names). It also appears Oreochromis pangani is the same species as O. jipe (Snoeks pers. comm.)." 60694,Trematocara nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,nigrifrons,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60629,Oreochromis amphimelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,amphimelas,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1905)", 60695,Trematocara stigmaticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,stigmaticum,,,,,"Poll, 1943", 6063,Cylindraspis peltastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Cylindraspis,peltastes,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1835)", 60696,Trematocara unimaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,unimaculatum,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 60697,Trematocara caparti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,caparti,,,,,"Poll, 1948", 60631,Oreochromis rukwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,rukwaensis,,,,,"(Hilgendorf & Pappenheim, 1903)", 60698,Trematocara zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,zebra,,,,,"De Vos, Nshombo & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1996", 60632,Oreochromis karomo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,karomo,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)", 60699,Trematocara variabile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocara,variabile,,,,,"Poll, 1952", 60634,Oreochromis hunteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,hunteri,,,,,"Günther, 1889", 60635,Telestes beoticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,beoticus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1939)",Transferred from genus Pseudophoxinus to Telestes. 60636,Orthochromis kasuluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,kasuluensis,,,,,"De Vos & Seegers, 1998", 60637,Orthochromis uvinzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,uvinzae,,,,,"De Vos & Seegers, 1998", 60638,Orthochromis malagaraziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,malagaraziensis,,,,,"(David, 1937)", 60639,Orthochromis mazimeroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,mazimeroensis,,,,,"De Vos & Seegers, 1998", 6064,Cylindraspis triserrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Cylindraspis,triserrata,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 60640,Orthochromis rubrolabialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,rubrolabialis,,,,,"De Vos & Seegers, 1998", 60641,Orthochromis mosoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,mosoensis,,,,,"De Vos & Seegers, 1998", 60642,Paracyprichromis nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paracyprichromis,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 60643,Paracyprichromis brieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paracyprichromis,brieni,,,,,"(Poll, 1981)", 60644,Haplochromis flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,flavus,,,,,"Seehausen, Zwennes & Lippitsch, 1998", 60646,Haplochromis chilotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,chilotes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","Characterized by a long, pointed snout, narrow tooth arcades with rather stout unicuspid outer teeth that are somewhat recurved, two to five inner tooth raws, lips that are usually produced into small to very big lobes (Seehausen 1996)." 60647,Haplochromis chromogynos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,chromogynos,,,,,"Greenwood, 1959", 60648,Haplochromis plagiodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,plagiodon,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1928", 60649,Perissodus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Perissodus,microlepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 6065,Cylindraspis vosmaeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Cylindraspis,vosmaeri,,,,,"(Suckow, 1798)", 60650,Perissodus eccentricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Perissodus,eccentricus,,,,,"Liem & Stewart, 1976", 60651,Petrochromis trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrochromis,trewavasae,,,,,"Poll, 1948", 60652,Petrochromis polyodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrochromis,polyodon,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60653,Petrochromis orthognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrochromis,orthognathus,,,,,"Matthes,1959", 60654,Petrochromis fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrochromis,fasciolatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 60655,Petrochromis macrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrochromis,macrognathus,,,,,"Yamaoka, 1983", 60656,Petrochromis famula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrochromis,famula,,,,,"Matthes & Trewavas, 1960", 60662,Haplochromis aelocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,aelocephalus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1959", 60663,Haplochromis riponianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,riponianus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 60665,Pseudosimochromis curvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudosimochromis,curvifrons,,,,,"(Poll, 1942)", 60666,Haplochromis xenognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,xenognathus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1957", 60667,Haplochromis sauvagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,sauvagei,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1896)","Haplochromis sauvagei Greenwood, 1980 is a synonym of Haplochromis fischeri, and many records relate to this species. However the name is valid as a different species." 6067,Cylindrus obtusus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cylindrus,obtusus,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)", 60757,Brycinus rhodopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,rhodopleura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60700,Triglachromis otostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Triglachromis,otostigma,,,,,"(Regan, 1920)", 60759,Delminichthys jadovensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Delminichthys,jadovensis,,,,,"(Zupančič & Bogutskaya, 2002)", 60702,Tropheus moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheus,moorii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898",T. moorri has many geographic varieties. 60703,Tropheus kasabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheus,kasabae,,,,,"Nelissen, 1977", 60761,Phoxinellus dalmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinellus,dalmaticus,,,,,"Zupančič & Bogutskaya, 2000", 60704,Tropheus duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheus,duboisi,,,,,"Marlier, 1959", 60772,Labeo sp. nov. 'Mzima',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,sp. nov. 'Mzima',,,,,,An undescribed species currently under study (Seegers et al. unpublished). 60705,Tropheus brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheus,brichardi,,,,,"Nelissen & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1975", 60773,Cobitis ohridana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,ohridana,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 60706,Tropheus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheus,annectens,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 60774,Chiloglanis sp. nov. 'Northern Ewaso Nyiro',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,sp. nov. 'Northern Ewaso Nyiro',,,,,,Status uncertain. Very close to Chiloglanis deckeni and C. brevibarbis. The Kenyan Chiloglanis populations need detailed taxonomic study. 60707,Tylochromis polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,polylepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 60775,Marcusenius sp. nov. 'Malindi',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,sp. nov. 'Malindi',,,,,,An undescribed species (Seegers et al. unpublished). 60708,Xenochromis hecqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenochromis,hecqui,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 60709,Xenotilapia nigrolabiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,nigrolabiata,,,,,"Poll, 1951", 60777,Rutilus basak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,basak,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 60710,Xenotilapia nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,nasus,,,,,"De Vos, Risch & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1995", 60779,Dinotopterus cunningtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Dinotopterus,cunningtoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60711,Xenotilapia spiloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,spiloptera,,,,,"Poll & Stewart, 1975", 60780,Tanganikallabes mortiauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Tanganikallabes,mortiauxi,,,,,"Poll, 1943", 60712,Xenotilapia ochrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,ochrogenys,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 60781,Chrysichthys brachynema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,brachynema,,,,,Boulenger 1900, 60713,Xenotilapia longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,longispinis,,,,,"Poll, 1951", 60782,Chrysichthys grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,grandis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1917", 60714,Xenotilapia flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,flavipinnis,,,,,"Poll, 1985", 60783,Chrysichthys graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,graueri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1911", 60715,Xenotilapia caudafasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,caudafasciata,,,,,"Poll, 1951", 60784,Chrysichthys platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,platycephalus,,,,,"Worthington & Ricardo, 1937", 60716,Xenotilapia burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,burtoni,,,,,"Poll, 1951", 60785,Chrysichthys stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,stappersii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1917", 60717,Xenotilapia boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,boulengeri,,,,,"(Poll, 1942)", 60786,Lophiobagrus aquilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Lophiobagrus,aquilus,,,,,"Bailey & Stewart, 1984", 60718,Xenotilapia bathyphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,bathyphilus,,,,,"Poll, 1956", 60787,Lophiobagrus brevispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Lophiobagrus,brevispinis,,,,,"Bailey & Stewart, 1984", 60719,Xenotilapia ornatipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,ornatipinnis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 60788,Lophiobagrus cyclurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Lophiobagrus,cyclurus,,,,,"(Worthington & Ricardo, 1937)", 60720,Xenotilapia sima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,sima,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 60721,Haplochromis phytophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,phytophagus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1966",Appeaerd twice on the 2006 Red List under the genera Haplochromis and Xystichromis. 60791,Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Iberochondrostoma,lusitanicum,,,,,"(Collares-Pereira, 1980)", 60722,Haplochromis bayoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bayoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 60792,Tristramella intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tristramella,intermedia,,,,,"Steinitz & Ben-Tuvia, 1959","Was previously included in T. simonis, but is valid as a separate species (N. Bogutskaya, pers. comm.)." 60723,Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pyrrhocephalus,,,,,"Witte & Witte-Maas, 1987",This species appeared twice in the 2007 Red List under the generic names Haplochromis and Yssichromis. 60793,Distichodus petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,petersii,,,,,"Pfeffer,1896", 60794,Squalius zrmanjae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,zrmanjae,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 60725,Haplochromis heusinkveldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,heusinkveldi,,,,,"Witte & Witte-Maas, 1987", 60795,Distichodus rufigiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,rufigiensis,,,,,"Norman, 1922", 60728,Luciobarbus albanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,albanicus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)","Despite its scientific name, does not occur in Albania." 60799,Chiloglanis asymetricaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,asymetricaudalis,,,,,"De Vos, 1993", 60734,Cobitis kurui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,kurui,,,,,"Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998","Described as a subspecies of C. vardarensis (C. v. kurui). Despite intensive fieldwork in Anatolia and the repeated visit of the type locality of this species, it has not been found again. Individual fishes with the diagnostic characters of C. kurui always turned out to represent C. fahireae. Usually, there had been even only few individuals with the diagnostic color patterns of C. kurui in between C. fahieae. Therefore C. kurui is is treated here as a synonym of this species. It is therefore not assessed against the Red List criteria." 60736,Pseudochondrostoma duriense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudochondrostoma,duriense,,,,,"(Coelho, 1985)", 60737,Synodontis sp. nov. 'Lower Tana',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,sp. nov. 'Lower Tana',,,,,,One specimen of this undescribed specis was collected by S. Engelhardt from the lower Tana drainage and exported to Germany. 60738,Squalius keadicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,keadicus,,,,,"(Stephanidis, 1971)", 60742,Bagrus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,orientalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902",The taxonomic status of Bagrus meridionalis and B. orientalis needs investigation. 60743,Chrysichthys sianenna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,sianenna,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60744,Bathybagrus tetranema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Bathybagrus,tetranema,,,,,"Bailey & Stewart, 1984", 60746,Brycinus ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,ferox,,,,,"(Hopson & Hopson, 1982)", 60752,Stolothrissa tanganicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Stolothrissa,tanganicae,,,,,"Regan, 1917", 60754,Limnothrissa miodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Limnothrissa,miodon,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60756,Brycinus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,minutus,,,,,"(Hopson & Hopson, 1982)","Also reported as Alestes minutus Hopson & Hopson, 1982 (Seegers et al. 2004)." 60764,Salaria fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salaria,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Asso, 1801)","The results of phylogenetic studies (e.g., Vecchioni et al. 2018, 2022) suggest that the current concept of the genus Salaria is paraphyletic, and that the freshwater species may require generic reassignment. A conservative taxonomic approach pending conclusive evidence is adopted for this assessment, however. There is also evidence that several divergent genetic lineages exist within the extant range of freshwater blennies, two of which have already been described as S. economidisi and S. atlantica, respectively (Wagner et al. 2021).

Subpopulations inhabiting the Middle East (southern Turkey, Syria, Israel) are thus not considered within the scope of the current assessment, since they apparently represent an additional undescribed taxon." 60767,Rhabdalestes leleupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Rhabdalestes,leleupi,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 60768,Marcusenius sp. nov. 'Turkwell',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,sp. nov. 'Turkwell',,,,,,An undescribed species (Seegers et al. unpublished). 60770,Clariallabes mutsindoziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,mutsindoziensis,,,,,"Taverne & De Vos, 1998", 60858,Cobitis zanandreai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,zanandreai,,,,,"Cavicchioli, 1965", 60800,Chiloglanis deckenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,deckenii,,,,,"Peters,1868", 60801,Chiloglanis lufirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,lufirae,,,,,"Poll, 1976", 60804,Chiloglanis ruziziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,ruziziensis,,,,,"De Vos, 1993", 60805,Luciobarbus graecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,graecus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1896",Some authorities cite the year of description as 1895. 60807,Synodontis dhonti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,dhonti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1917", 60809,Synodontis granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,granulosus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 6081,Cynocephalus volans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DERMOPTERA,CYNOCEPHALIDAE,Cynocephalus,volans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Generic synonyms = Galeopithecus, Galeopterus." 6088,Leptopanchax splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Leptopanchax,splendens,,,,,"(Myers, 1942)","Fricke et al. (2020) notes that this species was placed into synonymy with Cynolebias sandrii, but sandrii is no longer available and so splendens should be treated as a valid species. Costa (2016) transferred Leptolebias splendens to a new genus Leptopanchax." 47957388,Synodontis tanganyicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,tanganyicae,,,,,"Borodin, 1936", 60814,Synodontis matthesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,matthesi,,,,,"Poll, 1971", 60815,Synodontis multipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,multipunctatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60817,Parachondrostoma miegii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Parachondrostoma,miegii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 60818,Synodontis petricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,petricola,,,,,"Matthes, 1959", 60819,Synodontis polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,polli,,,,,"Gosse, 1982", 60821,Synodontis rukwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,rukwaensis,,,,,"Hilgendorf & Pappenheim, 1903", 60826,Phoxinellus pseudalepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinellus,pseudalepidotus,,,,,"Bogutskaya & Zupančič, 2003", 60827,Parachondrostoma turiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Parachondrostoma,turiense,,,,,"(Elvira, 1987)", 60828,Squalius lucumonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,lucumonis,,,,,"(Bianco, 1983)","Recent change of genus from Leuciscus to Squalius (Zardoya and Doadrio 1999, Sanjur et al. 2003)." 60829,Cobitis dalmatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,dalmatina,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 6083,Simpsonichthys boitonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Simpsonichthys,boitonei,,,,,"Carvalho, 1959", 60833,Lates angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,angustifrons,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60834,Lates longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,longispinis,,,,,"Worthington, 1932",Taxonomic status uncertain. 60836,Lates mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,mariae,,,,,"Steindachner,1909", 60837,Lates microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,microlepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 60838,Cobitis punctilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,punctilineata,,,,,"Economidis & Nalbant, 1996", 60839,Lates stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,stappersii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 60842,Nemacheilus pantheroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,pantheroides,,,,,"(Goren & Nalbant, 1982)","Initially included in Nemacheilus insignis, but valid as a separate species (M. Goren, pers. comm.)." 60857,Squalius torgalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,torgalensis,,,,,"(Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira, 1998)","There has been a recent change from genus Leuciscus to Squalius (Zardoya and Doadrio 1999, Sanjur et al. 2003)." 61188,Rutilus prespensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,prespensis,,,,,"(Karaman, 1924)","Some sources consider this species to be a synonym of Rutilus basak (Heckel, 1843), but this hypothesis is not supported by the most recent genetic analyses (e.g., Geiger et al., 2014; Tsoumani et al., 2014)." 61189,Haplochromis piceatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,piceatus,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 61193,Pelasgus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelasgus,minutus,,,,,"(Karaman, 1924)","The taxonomic status of a population at Lake Skadar is unclear. It could be P. minutus, which would change the status of this species." 61264,Kneria ruaha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,ruaha,,,,,"Seegers, 1995", 61267,Parakneria tanzaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,tanzaniae,,,,,"Poll, 1984", 61280,Labeo percivali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,percivali,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912","Originally described from the northern Ewaso Nyiro under the name Labeo percivali, which, according to Reid (1985) is a slender inland form of L. bottegi Vinciguerra, 1897 from the Juba system in Somalia, This is a doubtful synonym which we prefer not to follow here (Seegers et al., unpublished)." 61206,Synodontis rufigiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,rufigiensis,,,,,"Bailey, 1968", 61210,Haplochromis sp. nov. 'Amboseli',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,sp. nov. 'Amboseli',,,,,,Undescribed species. 61285,Aplocheilichthys omoculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,omoculatus,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1977", 61212,Aplocheilichthys kongoranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,kongoranensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 61214,Scardinius acarnanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,acarnanicus,,,,,"Economidis, 1991", 61289,Synodontis manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,manni,,,,,"De Vos, 2001",Reported by Mann (1968) from the lower Tana River as a closely related species to Synodontis clarias from West Africa (see De Vos 2001). 61215,Haplochromis katavi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,katavi,,,,,"Seegers, 1996", 61290,Cobitis arachthosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,arachthosensis,,,,,"Economidis & Nalbant, 1996",Molecular studies suggest that this species is very closely related to the congener Cobitis hellenica (Perdices et al. 2018). Their taxonomy may therefore be reviewed in the future. 61291,Oreochromis ndalalani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,ndalalani,,,,,"Seegers & Tichy, 1999", 61217,Scardinius scardafa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,scardafa,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1837)",This species was found to be distinct in a molecular study by Ketmaier et al. (2004) but this was not supported by Geiger et al. (2014). Further research is required to ascertain its taxonomic position. 61292,Mormyrus tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,tenuirostris,,,,,"Peters, 1882", 61219,Synodontis fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,fuelleborni,,,,,"Hilgendorf & Pappenheim, 1903", 61222,Parailia somalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Parailia,somalensis,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1897)","Also reported as Physailia somalensis tanensis Whitehead, 1962, a junior synonym and as Physailia somalensis (old binomen). Reported as Physailia sp. by Whitehead (1959)." 61223,Cobitis narentana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,narentana,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 61298,Rhabdalestes tangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Rhabdalestes,tangensis,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1907)", 61299,Chiloglanis sp. nov. 'Kerio',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,sp. nov. 'Kerio',,,,,,Status uncertain. Very close to Chiloglanis deckeni and C. brevibarbis. The Kenyan Chiloglanis populations need detailed taxonomic study. 61225,Aplocheilichthys sp. nov. 'Naivasha',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,sp. nov. 'Naivasha',,,,,,Taxonomic status uncertain: it has been reported under the names Haplolichthys antinorii and Aplocheilichthys antinorii (Vinciguerra 1883) but it differs from these two species. 61228,Chiloglanis mbozi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,mbozi,,,,,"Seegers, 1996", 61230,Chondrostoma vardarense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,vardarense,,,,,"Karaman, 1928",Molecular data are not totally convincing for determining the species taxonomy of this nase. 61231,Salmo peristericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,peristericus,,,,,"Karaman, 1938", 61234,Mormyrus hildebrandti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,hildebrandti,,,,,"Peters, 1882","Sometimes misspelled as Mormyrus hildebrandi (see Seegers et al., unpublished). The tentative synonymy of M. hildebrandti with M. kannume by Boulenger (1898) is dubious and not followed here (see Seegers et al., unpublished)." 61235,Apricaphanius baeticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Apricaphanius,baeticus,,,,,"(Doadrio, Carmona & Fernández-Delgado, 2002)",This species was included in the genus Aphanius prior to 2020. 61236,Atopochilus vogti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Atopochilus,vogti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1922", 61240,Neobola stellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Neobola,stellae,,,,,"(Worthington, 1932)", 61241,Kneria rukwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,rukwaensis,,,,,"Seegers, 1995", 61242,Alestes stuhlmannii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestes,stuhlmannii,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1896", 61246,Parakneria spekii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,spekii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 61253,Salmo macrostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,macrostigma,,,,,(Duméril 1858),The taxonomy of this species needs reassessment using molecular techniques. Many supposed observations of this species around the Mediterranean region are wrong. 61256,Pelasgus epiroticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelasgus,epiroticus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1895)", 61258,Bagrus urostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,urostigma,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1895","Status uncertain. May be identical to Bagrus orientalis Boulenger, 1902 from the east coast rivers in Tanzania (Seegers et al. unpublished)." 61259,Pelasgus prespensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelasgus,prespensis,,,,,"(Karaman, 1924)", 61261,Squalius carolitertii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,carolitertii,,,,,"(Doadrio, 1988)", 61270,Mastacembelus moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,moorii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastacembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 61271,Labeobarbus leleupanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,leleupanus,,,,,"(Matthes, 1959)", 61272,Engraulicypris spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Engraulicypris,spinifer,,,,,"Bailey & Matthes, 1971", 61300,Kneria uluguru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,uluguru,,,,,"Seegers, 1995", 61374,Pelasgus laconicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pelasgus,laconicus,,,,,"(Kottelat & Barbieri, 2004)", 61302,Synodontis zanzibaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,zanzibaricus,,,,,"Peters, 1868",Taxonomic status uncertain. 61375,Salmo balcanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,balcanicus,,,,,"(Karaman, 1927)", 61377,Telestes montenigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,montenigrinus,,,,,"(Vukovic, 1963)", 61304,Labeo trigliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,trigliceps,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1926","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain, Reid (1985) suspects the type specimens of Labeo trigliceps to be aberrant specimens of L. cylindricus (see Seegers et al. 2004)." 61378,Romanogobio elimeius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,elimeius,,,,,"(Kattoulas, Stephanidis & Economidis, 1973)", 61305,Micralestes vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,vittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)", 61388,Oxynoemacheilus pindus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,pindus,,,,,"(Economidis, 2005)", 61389,Telestes muticellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,muticellus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1837)","Telestes muticellus is structured in a number of distinct molecular groups which are all treated as one species here. In future, it might be tested if they might represent different species, as already proposed by some authors, or only divergent molecular lineages within T. muticellus." 61307,Labeo lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,lineatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","Three specimens of Labeo lineatus prove to be Labeo weeksii; another specimen considered by Reid (1985) as a paralectotype of L. lineatus, proves to be conspecific with Labeo degeni Boulenger, 1920 (Tshibwbwa and Teugels 1995)." 61308,Acapoeta tanganicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Acapoeta,tanganicae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 61391,Alburnus belvica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,belvica,,,,,"Karaman, 1924", 61392,Squalius microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,microlepis,,,,,"Heckel, 1843",Genus changed from from Leuciscus to Squalius (Bogutskaya 2002). 61393,Alosa vistonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,vistonica,,,,,"Economidis & Sinis, 1986","Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that all shads endemic to the Aegean, Black and Caspian Sea basins, including Alosa vistonica, share close phylogenetic relationships. Their taxonomy may therefore be revised in the future." 61312,Telestes fontinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,fontinalis,,,,,"(Karaman, 1972)", 61394,Telestes ukliva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,ukliva,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 61395,Petroleuciscus borysthenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Petroleuciscus,borysthenicus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1859)",Transferred from Leuciscus to Petroleuciscus. 61315,Bythiospeum bourguignati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,bourguignati,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1866)","This is one of the few Bythiospeum species, whose validity is not questioned." 61397,Telestes souffia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,souffia,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)","Telestes souffia is structured in a number of distinct molecular groups which are all treated as one species here. In future, it might be tested if they might represent different species or only divergent molecular lineages within T. souffia.
" 61333,Parahucho perryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Parahucho,perryi,,,,,"(Brevoort, 1856)", 61335,Choerodon azurio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Choerodon,azurio,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 61340,Semicossyphus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Semicossyphus,pulcher,,,,,"(Ayres, 1854)", 61342,Squalius aradensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,aradensis,,,,,"(Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira, 1998)","Recent change from genus Leuciscus to Squalius (Zardoya and Doadrio 1999, Sanjur et al. 2003)." 61343,Romanogobio benacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,benacensis,,,,,"(Pollini, 1816)","" 61345,Chondrostoma scodrense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,scodrense,,,,,"Elvira, 1987", 61346,Squalius svallize,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,svallize,,,,,"Heckel & Kner, 1858", 61347,Oxynoemacheilus simavicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,simavicus,,,,,"(Balik & Bănărescu, 1978)",The taxonomy of Barbatula is in need of revision. 61350,Aulopyge huegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Aulopyge,huegelii,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 61351,Telestes turskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,turskyi,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 61353,Salaria economidisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salaria,economidisi,,,,,"Kottelat, 2004","The results of phylogenetic studies (Vecchioni et al. 2018, 2022) suggest that the genus Salaria might prove paraphyletic, and that the freshwater species may require generic reassignment. A conservative taxonomic approach pending conclusive evidence is adopted for this assessment, however." 61354,Squalius peloponensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,peloponensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)", 61361,Salmo macedonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,macedonicus,,,,,"(Karaman, 1924)",Taxonomic status is unclear. 61363,Parachondrostoma arrigonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Parachondrostoma,arrigonis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 61364,Cobitis bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,bilineata,,,,,"Canestrini, 1865", 61365,Tristramella magdelainae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tristramella,magdelainae,,,,,"(Lortet, 1883)", 61368,Nemacheilus jordanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,jordanicus,,,,,"(Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966)","Initially included in Nemacheilus insignis, but valid as a separate species (M. Goren, pers. comm.)." 61379,Telestes polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,polylepis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1866", 61380,Barbus macedonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,macedonicus,,,,,"Karaman, 1928", 61381,Squalius illyricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,illyricus,,,,,"Heckel & Kner, 1858", 61383,Nemacheilus sp. nov.,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,sp. nov.,,,,,,"Initially included in Nemacheilus insignis, but valid as a separate species (M. Goren, pers. comm.). Previously referred to by Banarescu (1982) as N. tigris Banarescu, Nalbent & Goren, 1982." 61384,Ladigesocypris mermere,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ladigesocypris,mermere,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)",Some authors consider this species as a subspecies of Ladigesocypris ghigii. Only known from a few specimens collected at one locality. 61385,Rutilus karamani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,karamani,,,,,"Fowler, 1977","A revision of the genus Rutilus from southern Europe on morphological and molecular basis is in progress by Bianco P.G., Ketmaier, V. and Durand J.-Do." 61456,Acanthodactylus erythrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,erythrurus,,,,,"(Schinz, 1833)","Acanthodactylus lineomaculatus has generally been treated as a junior synonym of this species and this scheme is followed here. It has however been treated as a valid species or as  a subspecies in a number of recent works, although it is not genetically distinct and appears just to be a local adaptation (Fonseca et al. 2009). Tamar et al. (2016) formally synonymized A. lineomaculatus within A. erythrurus." 61459,Acanthodactylus mechriguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,mechriguensis,,,,,"Nouira & Blanc, 1999","This species is closely related to the Acanthodactylus pardalis (Lichtenstein, 1823) complex." 61458,Acanthodactylus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,maculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 61460,Acanthodactylus pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,pardalis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Records of this species from Israel refer to Acanthodactylus beershebensis, and records from Jordan refer to A. ahmadisii (Y. Werner pers. comm). Records from Algeria refer to another species." 61470,Blanus mettetali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BLANIDAE,Blanus,mettetali,,,,,"Bons, 1963","This is considered to be a valid species (Busack 1988, Schleich et al. 1996)." 61471,Blanus tingitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BLANIDAE,Blanus,tingitanus,,,,,"Busack, 1988",This is considered to be a valid species (Busack 1988; Schleich et al. 1996). 61472,Chalcides bedriagai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,bedriagai,,,,,"(Boscá, 1880)","Some well structured clades are genetically and morphologically identified. For a review of these clades see Carranza et al. 2008. The subspecies Chalcides bedriagai pistaciae is sometimes considered to be a valid species, but evidence for this is lacking (J. Pleguezuelos pers. comm.). It is treated here as a subspecies of Chalcides bedriagai." 61473,Chalcides chalcides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,chalcides,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are two recognized subspecies: C. c. chalcides, endemic to Italy and Sicily, and C. c. vittatus from North Africa and (probably introduced in historical times) Sardinia." 61408,Rostroraja alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,alba,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 61474,Chalcides colosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,colosii,,,,,"Lanza, 1957", 61475,Chalcides ebneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,ebneri,,,,,"Werner, 1931", 61476,Chalcides guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 61477,Chalcides lanzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,lanzai,,,,,"Pasteur, 1967",This taxon is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of C. montanus (R. Sindaco pers. comm). 61478,Chalcides manueli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,manueli,,,,,"Hediger, 1935", 61479,Chalcides mauritanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,mauritanicus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 61480,Chalcides mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,mertensi,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1954","This taxon was formerly treated as a subspecies of Chalcides chalcides, but it was raised to species status by Caputo (1993)." 61482,Chalcides mionecton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,mionecton,,,,,"(Boettger, 1874)","There are two subspecies: Chalcides m. mionecton (Boettger, 1874) in the north and C. m. trifasciatus Chabanaud, 1917 in the south." 61483,Chalcides montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,montanus,,,,,"Werner, 1931", 61485,Chalcides polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,polylepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890","Chalcides simonyi used to be considered a subspecies of Chalcides polylepis (as C. p. occidentalis), but it was elevated to specific status by Pasteur et al. (1988)." 61486,Chalcides pseudostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,pseudostriatus,,,,,"Caputo, 1993", 61487,Chalcides sexlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,sexlineatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1891","A lineage from the northeast of Gran Canaria has been described as the distinct species Chalcides bistriatus on morphological grounds (Pasteur et al. 1988). While this arrangement has a genetic basis the same lines of evidence indicate that the divergence between the two is both shallow and incomplete, suggesting both a young divergence and a lack of reproductive isolation (Speybroeck et al. 2020). On this basis Speybroeck et al. (2020) concur with Mayer and Tiedemann (1991) that C. bistriatus is best considered conspecific with C. sexlineatus." 61488,Chalcides simonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,simonyi,,,,,"Steindachner, 1891","Chalcides simonyi used to be considered a subspecies of Chalcides polylepis (as C. p. occidentalis), but it was elevated to specific status by Pasteur et al. (1988). The International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature ruled that the valid name of this taxon is C. simonyi, and not C. occidentalis (López Jurado 1998)." 61422,Xyrichtys trivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,trivittatus,,,,,"Randall & Cornish, 2000", 61490,Chalcides viridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,viridanus,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1851)",This taxon will probably be separated into several different species (J. Mateo pers comm.). 61492,Mediodactylus amictopholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,amictopholis,,,,,"(Hoofien, 1967)", 61493,Daboia deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Daboia,deserti,,,,,"(Anderson, 1892)",This species is included in Daboia following Lenk et al. (2001). It is uncertain that Daboia deserti and D. mauritanica are separate species. 61494,Daboia mauritanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Daboia,mauritanica,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1848)",This species is included in Daboia following Lenk et al. (2001). It is uncertain that Daboia mauritanica and D. deserti are separate species. 61495,Daboia palaestinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Daboia,palaestinae,,,,,"(Werner, 1938)",This species is included in Daboia following Lenk et al. (2001). 61496,Eirenis barani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,barani,,,,,"Schmidtler, 1988", 61431,Phelsuma abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,abbotti,,,,,"Stejneger, 1893","

Madagascan Phelsuma abbotti have been assigned to the subspecies P. a. chekei (Börner & Minuth, 1984), the validity of which requires further study (Glaw and Vences (2007) . Subsequently Rocha et al. (2010) found that, while genetic differentiation was small, it exhibits geographical structure that corresponds to the recognized subspecies. An additional subspecies, P. a. sumptio Cheke, 1982 is recognized from Assomption (=Assumption), with the typical form P. a. abbotti being restricted to Aldabra Atoll.

" 61498,Eirenis lineomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,lineomaculatus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1939", 61433,Phelsuma laticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,laticauda,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)", 61436,Zonosaurus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Although the name Cicigna madagascariensis was published in 1831, giving Gray as the authority (Griffith and Pidgeon, 1831), the name was first used in Gray's own published work in 1845 and subsequent authors have erroneously cited Gray, 1845 as the authority (Boulenger 1887, Angel 1942). The correct authority Gray, 1831 has been used by Brygoo (1985) and Glaw and Vences (2007), but has remained a source of confusion." 61443,Hierophis cypriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hierophis,cypriensis,,,,,"(Schätti, 1985)",This species is included in Hierophis following Utiger and Schätti (2004). 61444,Zamenis situla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Zamenis,situla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species is included in Zamenis following Utiger et al. (2002). 61445,Montivipera bornmuelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,bornmuelleri,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)",This species is included in Montivipera following Nilson et al. (1999). 61446,Euleptes europaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Euleptes,europaea,,,,,"(Gené, 1839)", 61447,Iberolacerta bonnali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,bonnali,,,,,"(Lantz, 1927)", 61448,Iberolacerta monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,monticola,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","Iberolacerta cyreni and Iberolacerta martinezricai are now recognized as species distinct from Iberolacerta monticola (Mayer and Arribas 1996) and mitochondrial DNA (Mayer and Arribas 2003; Carranza et al. 2004a; Crochet et al. 2004). The population in the Montes de León has been described as a separate species, Iberolacerta galani (Arribas et al. 2006). An additional subspecies, I. m. astur, was described by Arribas et al. (2014)." 61450,Ablepharus budaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,budaki,,,,,"Göçmen, Kumlutas & Tosunoglu, 1996","This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Ablepharus kitaibelii, but was raised to species rank by Schmidtler (1997). A recent study has confirmed A. budaki as a genetically distinct form (Poulakakis et al. 2005). Genetic evidence suggests that the subspecies Ablepharus budaki anatolicus warrants recognition as a distinct species (Skourtanioti et al. 2016), however this work did not include material from the type locality of A. b. anatolicus and Speybroeck et al. (2020) advise refraining from making taxonomic changes until further work confirms that the A. anatolicus is the correct name for the lineage recognized by Skourtanioti et al. (2016)." 61451,Ablepharus rueppellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,rueppellii,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)","This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Ablepharus kitaibellii, but was raised to species rank by Schmidtler (1997). The taxonomy of this genus is currently under review (P. Lymberakis pers. comm)." 61452,Acanthodactylus ahmaddisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,ahmaddisii,,,,,"Werner, 2004", 61453,Acanthodactylus bedriagai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,bedriagai,,,,,"Lataste, 1881",This taxon was considered to be a full species by Salvador (1982). P.-A. Crochet (pers. comm.) suggests that it might be a subspecies or local form of Acanthodactylus maculatus. 61454,Acanthodactylus beershebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,beershebensis,,,,,"Moravec, Baha El Din, Seligmann, Sivan & Werner, 1999", 61455,Acanthodactylus blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,blanci,,,,,"Doumergue, 1901", 61461,Acanthodactylus savignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,savignyi,,,,,"(Audouin, 1809)", 61462,Acanthodactylus schreiberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,schreiberi,,,,,"Boettger, 1878","Relationships between the three described subspecies of Acanthodactylus schrieberi, and the closely-related Acanthodactylus boskianus, were investigated using molecular data by Tamar et al. (2014). These authors concluded that the subspecies A. s. syriacus (including the former subspecies A. s. ataturi) is a junior synonym of A. boskianus. This action renders A. schrieberi a monotypic species endemic to Cyprus. " 61463,Acanthodactylus spinicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,spinicauda,,,,,"Doumergue, 1901", 61464,Algyroides fitzingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Algyroides,fitzingeri,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 61465,Algyroides moreoticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Algyroides,moreoticus,,,,,"Bibron & Bory, 1833", 61466,Algyroides nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Algyroides,nigropunctatus,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1839)", 61468,Archaeolacerta bedriagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Archaeolacerta,bedriagae,,,,,"(Camerano, 1885)","Morphological subspecies traditionally recognized in this species are not supported by genetic data (Salvi et al. 2009). There is genetic divergence between populations from Corsica and Sardinia, but further research is needed to resolve discrepancies among allozyme and mtDNA data (Salvi et al. 2010)." 61469,Blanus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BLANIDAE,Blanus,cinereus,,,,,"(Vandelli, 1797)","Albert et al. (2007) reported that animals from the southwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula appear to differ genetically from those elsewhere, and may represent a separate species. They subsequently described this as the new species Blanus mariae and designated a lectotype for B. cinereus. These actions were discussed and rejected by Ceríaco and Bauer (2018), who designated a neotype for B. cinereus, applying this name to the southern Iberian clade and synonymizing B. mariae within it and describing the northern population as the new species Blanus vandelli.

Speybroeck et al. (2020) subsequently proposed applying the name Blanus rufus to Ceríaco and Bauer's B. vandelli ""until information on the identity of the A. rufa holotype can be obtained"". Ceríaco and Bauer (2018) refrained from resurrecting this name on the basis that it is presently impossible to determine whether it belongs to B. vandelli or B. cinereus, and this assessment follows these authors' nomenclature." 61559,Psammodromus blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Psammodromus,blanci,,,,,"(Lataste, 1880)", 61500,Gallotia atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gallotia,atlantica,,,,,"(Peters and Doria, 1882)", 61560,Psammodromus hispanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Psammodromus,hispanicus,,,,,"Fitzinger, 1826", 61502,Gallotia bravoana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gallotia,bravoana,,,,,"Hutterer, 1985","Following the ruling of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, the name of this species is Gallotia bravoana, not Gallotia gomerana." 61561,Psammodromus microdactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Psammodromus,microdactylus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)", 61503,Gallotia caesaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gallotia,caesaris,,,,,"(Lehrs, 1914)", 61562,Ptyodactylus oudrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,oudrii,,,,,"Lataste, 1880", 61504,Gallotia galloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gallotia,galloti,,,,,"(Oudart, 1839)", 61573,Tarentola boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,boehmei,,,,,"Joger, 1984", 61505,Gallotia intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gallotia,intermedia,,,,,"Barbadillo, Lacomba, Pêrez-Mellado, Sancho & López-Jurado, 1999","This species was described by Hernández et al. (2000), but the name first appeared in Barbadillo et al. (1999) and this is therefore the correct authority." 61574,Tarentola boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,boettgeri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1891",The Selvagens Islands population has variously been treated as a subspecies Tarentola boettgeri bischoffi or the full species Tarentola bischoffi (summarized in Speybroeck et al. 2020). Speybroeck et al. (2020) note that recognizing it as a full species would render T. boettgeri paraphyletic without further taxonomic changes. This assessment therefore follows Speybroeck et al. (2020) and an earlier Red List assessment (Sá-Sousa et al. 2009) in treating T. b. bischoffi as a subspecies. 61506,Gallotia stehlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gallotia,stehlini,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1901)", 61575,Tarentola delalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,delalandii,,,,,"Duméril and Bibron, 1836", 61576,Tarentola deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,deserti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891", 61508,Hemidactylus mindiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,mindiae,,,,,"Baha El Din, 2005", 61577,Tarentola gomerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,gomerensis,,,,,"Joger and Bischoff, 1983", 61509,Hemorrhois hippocrepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hemorrhois,hippocrepis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species is included in Hemorrhois, rather than Coluber, following Nagy et al. (2004)." 61510,Hierophis gemonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hierophis,gemonensis,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","This species was formerly included in the genus Coluber, but is included here in Hierophis following Schätti and Utiger (2001) and Nagy et al. (2004)." 61579,Tarentola mindiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,mindiae,,,,,"Baha El Din, 1997", 61580,Tarentola neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,neglecta,,,,,"Strauch, 1887", 61513,Iberolacerta aurelioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,aurelioi,,,,,"(Arribas, 1994)","This taxon is now considered to be a full species based on evidence from Arribas (2001), Crochet et al. (2004), Mayer and Arribas (1996, 2003) and Odierna et al. (1996)." 61581,Scelarcis perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Scelarcis,perspicillata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","The generic placement of this species has been uncertain, and an assignment to Teira was proposed by Pavlicev and Mayer (2009). A number of later authors have favoured retaining it within Scelaris to retain nomenclatural stability despite evidence that the two are sister taxa (Garcia-Porta et al. 2019), and Speybroeck et al. (2020) adopt this approach pending further research." 61514,Iberolacerta cyreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,cyreni,,,,,"(Müller & Helmich, 1937)","This taxon is considered to be a full species based on evidence from Arribas (1996), Carranza et al. (2004), Crochet et al. (2004), Mayer and Arribas (1996, 2003) and Odierna et al. (1996). It was formerly treated as a subspecies of Iberolacerta monticola. The specific status of this taxon is supported by morphology (Arribas 1996), allozymes (Mayer and Arribas 1996) and mitochondrial DNA (Mayer and Arribas 2003; Carranza et al. 2004a; Crochet et al. 2004)." 61582,Telescopus hoogstraali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,hoogstraali,,,,,"Schmidt & Marx, 1956",Animals from Jordan might belong to a separate subspecies. More taxonomic work is needed on the fragmented populations of this species. 61583,Timon lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Timon,lepidus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","This species was described as Lacerta lepida, and this name has remained widely used (including in legislation and the Bern Convention), although it has included in Timon by a number of authors since the late 20th Century (e.g. Mayer and Bischoff 1996; Fu 1998, 2000; Harris et al. 1998; Harris and Carretero 2003).

Paulo (2001, 2008) suggested that the subspecies Timon lepidus nevadensis warrants recognition as a distinct species, and it was formally recognized as a distinct species by Miraldo et al. (2013) on the basis of genetic and morphological evidence and the low frequency of hybrids. Subsequent genetic and morphological research (summarized by Speybroeck et al. 2020) supports this arrangement.

Three subspecies are recognized, based on morphological, allozyme or chromosomal data." 61516,Iberolacerta martinezricai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,martinezricai,,,,,"(Arribas, 1996)","This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of Iberolacerta monticola, but genetic and morphological data support a full specific rank (Mayer and Arribas 2003; Arribas and Carranza 2004; Crochet et al. 2004)." 61584,Timon pater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Timon,pater,,,,,"(Lataste, 1880)","This species was included in the genus Lacerta, but it is now placed in the genus Timon (Mayer and Bischoff 1996, Fu 1998, 2000, Harris et al. 1998, Harris and Carretero 2003). We follow Mateo et al. (1996) in treating animals from Morocco previously considered to be Timon pater as T. tangitana. True Timon pater occurs in Tunisia and Algeria." 61585,Timon tangitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Timon,tangitanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","This species was previously included in the genus Lacerta, but it is now placed in the genus Timon (Mayer and Bischoff 1996; Fu 1998, 2000; Harris et al. 1998; Harris and Carretero 2003).
The species has been found to exhibit high levels of genetic differentiation in mitochondrial DNA, but sampling using nuclear markers exhibit ""limited differentiation"" and this diversity is better-understood as intraspecific variation than as evidence of cryptic species (Abreu et al. 2020)." 61518,Atlantolacerta andreanskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Atlantolacerta,andreanskyi,,,,,"(Werner, 1929)", 61519,Lacerta bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,bilineata,,,,,"Daudin, 1802","Although this species has been treated as distinct from Lacerta viridis for several decades, the systematics of the Lacerta bilineata-Lacerta viridis complex remain unresolved and specific status for L. bilineata is only weakly supported by genetic data (Amann et al. 1997; Mayer and Beyerlein 2002, Speybroeck et al. 2020). No contact zone appears to exist between the two nominal forms, however, and the extent of any ongoing gene flow is unclear (Speybroeck et al. 2020). As such these authors do not propose any taxonomic changes at this stage." 61587,Trapelus savignii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,savignii,,,,,(Duméril & Bibron. 1837), 61520,Phoenicolacerta cyanisparsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Phoenicolacerta,cyanisparsa,,,,,"(Schmidtler & Bischoff, 1999)","Following Arnold et al 2007, Lacerta cyanisparsa became Phoenicolacerta cyanisparsa." 61588,Trapelus tournevillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,tournevillei,,,,,"(Lataste, 1880)", 61589,Trogonophis wiegmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROGONOPHIDAE,Trogonophis,wiegmanni,,,,,"Kaup, 1830","A study of mitochondrial and nuclear genes across this species' range suggest that cryptic lineages exist, and further research - including filling a large sampling gap in Algeria - is needed to clarify whether this species is in need of taxonomic revision (Salvi et al. 2018)." 61522,Parvilacerta fraasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Parvilacerta,fraasii,,,,,"(Lehrs, 1910)", 61523,Hellenolacerta graeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Hellenolacerta,graeca,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1886)","This species is not closely related to Lacerta sensu stricto, nor to Archaeolacerta bedriagae (Arribas 1999, Harris et al. 1998, Mayer and Arribas 2003, Carranza et al. 2004). Its relationships remain uncertain (Crochet and Dubois 2004)." 61590,Uromastyx alfredschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,alfredschmidti,,,,,"Wilms & Böhme, 2001",The taxonomic status of this species requires investigation. 61524,Phoenicolacerta kulzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Phoenicolacerta,kulzeri,,,,,"Müller & Wettstein, 1933", 61591,Vipera aspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,aspis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species consists of four ""quite divergent"" genetic lineages (Geniez 2018), broadly corresponding to four of the five recognized subspecies: Vipera a. aspis; V. a. hugyi, V. a. zinnikeri, V. a. franciscredi. The fifth, V. a. atra, is not recognized by some authors as it is genetically close to V. a. aspis (Geniez 2018). Although proposed specific status for these subspecies (Zuffi 2002) has been rejected by later authors, further analysis is required to clarify the systematics of this possible complex (Crochet and Dubois 2004). A further proposed subspecies - V. a. montecristi - is now recognized as an introduced population of V. a. hugyi (Geniez 2018)." 61592,Vipera latastei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,latastei,,,,,"Boscá, 1878","The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in 2017 that Vipera latastei is the correct spelling of this species' name, which had previously inconsistently been spelled latasti.

Based on traditional morphological characters Vipera monticola was recognized - first as a subspecies, and subsequently as a full species - as a distinct form occupying the High Atlas, with remaining North African members of the group retained within V. latastei. Following research that found this arrangement to be inconsistent with genetic results (Frietas et al. 2020), Martínez-Freiría et al. (2021) revised the taxonomy of this group using an integrative analysis based on phylogenetic, morphological and ecological evidence. The resulting species concepts restricted Vipera latastei to the Iberian Peninsula, with all North African lineages referred to V. monticola." 61526,Dinarolacerta mosorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Dinarolacerta,mosorensis,,,,,"(Kolombatović, 1886)",The isolated eastern subpopulation in Montenegro has been proposed as a separate species (Ljubisavljevic et al. 2007). 61593,Vipera monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,monticola,,,,,"Saint-Girons, 1954",This is considered a valid species (Beerli et al. 1986). 61527,Anatololacerta oertzeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Anatololacerta,oertzeni,,,,,"(Werner, 1904)","Following Arnold et al 2007, Lacerta oertzeni is now named Anatololacerta oertzeni." 61594,Vipera seoanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,seoanei,,,,,"Lataste, 1879","Two subspecies have traditionally been recognized, but this is not supported by an mtDNA study which recovered only a single lineage (Martínez-Freiría et al. 2015)." 61528,Dalmatolacerta oxycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Dalmatolacerta,oxycephala,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1839)", 61595,Zamenis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Zamenis,lineatus,,,,,"Suckow, 1798","This species has been accepted as being validly distinct from Zamenis longissimus, with which it was previously confused, since Lenk and Wuster (1999). Nevertheless, the lack of standard procedures for distinguishing between the two species have resulted in a lack of clarity regarding their relative range limits, complicated by the discovery of intermediate forms. Salvi et al. (2017) investigated the distributions of the the two taxa in Italy and found that that of Z. lineatus was smaller than previously recognized, and that at least some morphologically intermediate specimens were referrable to Z. longissimus, with none that could be unambiguously assigned to Z. lineatus." 61529,Lacerta trilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,trilineata,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1886",Mayer and Beterlein (2002) documented genetic divergences among Greek populations of Lacerta trilineata nearly as large as those between Lacerta viridis and L. bilineata. The taxonomic meaning of these results remains to be investigated (Crochet and Dubois 2004). 61530,Lacerta viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,viridis,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Although Lacerta bilineata has been treated as distinct from Lacerta viridis for several decades, the systematics of the Lacerta bilineata-Lacerta viridis complex remain unresolved and specific status for L. bilineata is only weakly supported by genetic data (Amann et al. 1997, Mayer and Beyerlein 2002, Speybroeck et al. 2020). No contact zone appears to exist between the two nominal forms, however, and the extent of any ongoing gene flow is unclear (Speybroeck et al. 2020). As such these authors do not propose any taxonomic changes at this stage." 61531,Macroprotodon abubakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Macroprotodon,abubakeri,,,,,"Wade, 2001",The status of this species has recently been confirmed from genetic data (Carranza et al. 2004). 61532,Macroprotodon brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Macroprotodon,brevis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","Morphological data (Wade 2001) and genetic data (Carranza et al. 2004) show that this species is distinct from Macroprotodon cucullatus. Iberian populations, and those in North Africa outside western Morocco, are recognized as a distinct subspecies M. brevis ibericus (Speybroeck et al. 2016, Geniez 2018). Geniez (2018) recognize a third subspecies, M. b. textilis based on its ""obvious phylogenetic affinity with M. brevis"", and genetic samples of textilis from are indistinguishable from genetically confirmed M. b. brevis from southwestern Morocco (Martinez del Mármol et al. 2019). Since Wade (2001) this subspecies has been regarded as belonging to M. cucullatus, and to preserve taxonomic stability this approach (followed in a previous Red List assessment as well as by the Reptile Database as of September 2021 - Uetz et al. 2021) is followed here pending a formal taxonomic change and resolution of the systematics of the M. cucullatus complex." 61534,Mesalina bahaeldini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,bahaeldini,,,,,"Segoli, Cohen & Werner, 2002", 61535,Mesalina simonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,simonii,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)", 61536,Micrelaps muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Micrelaps,muelleri,,,,,"Boettger, 1880", 61538,Natrix maura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natrix,maura,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Guicking et al. (2002, 2008) show three different genetic groups: one in Europe (with a ""possible fourth lineage"" in southern Spain ; one in Morocco; and one in Tunisia/Sardinia." 61539,Ophiomorus latastii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,latastii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 61541,Ophisops occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,occidentalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 61543,Platyceps collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,collaris,,,,,"(Müller, 1878)",This species is included in Platyceps following Nagy et al. (2004). We follow Schätti et al. (2001) in considering Platyceps rubriceps to be a synonym of this species. 61544,Podarcis bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,bocagei,,,,,"(Seoane, 1884)","Podarcis carbonelli has been accepted as a separate species from P. bocagei, following Sá-Sousa (2000a), Sá-Sousa and Harris (2002) based on genetic differences, and its status is accepted without comment by Speybroeck et al. (2020). The systematics of the broader Podarcis hispanicus complex nevertheless remain unresolved, and there is extensive overlap in the distributions of P. bocagei and another member of the complex, P. guadarranae (Speybroeck et al. 2016)." 61545,Podarcis carbonelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,carbonelli,,,,,"Pérez Mellado, 1981","Podarcis carbonelli has been accepted as a separate species from P. bocagei, following Sá-Sousa (2000a), Sá-Sousa and Harris (2002) based on genetic differences, and its status is accepted without comment by Speybroeck et al. (2020). The systematics of the broader Podarcis hispanicus complex nevertheless remain unresolved, and there is extensive overlap in the distributions of P. carbonelli and a number of other members of the complex (Speybroeck et al. 2016)." 61546,Podarcis erhardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,erhardii,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1882)","The taxonomy of this species remains unsettled at both specific and subspecific levels (Speybroeck et al. 2016). Podarcis cretensis, P. gaigeae and P. levedensis have previously been elevated from populations previously included within this species complex (Lymberakis et al. 2008) and a three-species arrangement restricting P. erhardii to the islands ""cannot be ruled out"" (Speybroeck et al. 2016)." 61547,Podarcis gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,gaigeae,,,,,"(Werner, 1930)", 61548,Podarcis hispanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,hispanicus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)","The gender of the genus Podarcis has been considered to be feminine by some authors (Arnold 2000, Lanza and Boscherini 2000, Montori and Llorente 2005) and masculine by others (Böhme 1997, 1998). We follow here the recent publication by Böhme and Köhler (2005) in considering the gender of Podarcis to be masculine.

This taxon is a complex of at least five species (Harris et al. 2002, Harris and Sá-Sousa 2002). Part of Andalusia is inhabited by Podarcis vaucheri, which was previously treated as a subspecies of P. hispanicus, from North Africa (but which has now been found to be present in the south of the Iberian Peninsula [Harris et al. 2002]). It was elevated to species rank by Oliverio et al. (2000) and is treated as a separate species here. Podarcis atrata (Boscá, 1916) from the Columbretes and Chafarinas Islands was raised to species rank by Castilla et al. (1998a,b), but it is most likely to be conspecific with mainland animals in northeastern Iberia for which the name P. liolepis (Boulenger, 1905) has priority (Carranza et al. 2004, Crochet and Dubois 2004). We treat P. atrata within P. hispanicus, pending resolution of this complex. Podarcis hispanicus contains at least two other species that await formal description (Crochet and Dubois 2004)." 61549,Podarcis melisellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,melisellensis,,,,,"(Braun, 1877)", 61550,Podarcis muralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,muralis,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","This species contains numerous nominal subspecies, but their validity ""is still a matter of some debate"" (Speybroeck et al. 2016)." 61551,Podarcis peloponnesiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,peloponnesiacus,,,,,"(Bibron & Bory, 1833)","Spilani et al. (2019) found that there are two genetically strongly differentiated 'east' and 'west' lineages within Podarcis peloponnesciacus. Speybroeck et al. (2020) recommended refraining from taxonomic changes prior to the results of a morphological study, This work, reported by Kiourtsoglou et al. (2021), confirmed the existence of these genetic lineages with an estimated divergence dates in the Pleistocene and no evidence of genetic admixture. They proposed treating the eastern lineage as a full species, for which the name Podarcis thais (Buchholz, 1960) is available. Despite investigating morphological traits these authors were however unable to identify any unambiguous morphological differences, and consequently this assessment follows Speybroeck et al. (2020) and Uetz (2022) in refraining from making taxonomic changes.
 confirmed the finding by Spilani et al. (2019) that there are two genetically strongly differentiated 'east' and 'west' lineages within Podarcis peloponnesciacus, , and the Reptile Database (Uetz 2022) recommend regarding this lineage as a subspecies." 61552,Podarcis raffonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,raffonei,,,,,"(Mertens, 1952)",Recent literature has adopted the spelling Podarcis raffeonae for this species following a proposed emendation by Michaels and Bauer (2003). Speybroeck et al. (2020) concluded that this emendation was unjustified and this assessment consequently retains the spelling raffonei. 61554,Podarcis tauricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,tauricus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)","The gender of the genus Podarcis has been considered to be feminine by some authors (Arnold 2000, Lanza and Boscherini 2000, Montori and Llorente 2005) and masculine by others (Böhme 1997, Böhme 1998). We follow here the recent publication by Böhme and Köhler (2005) in considering the gender of Podarcis to be masculine." 61557,Podarcis waglerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,waglerianus,,,,,"Gistel, 1868",The taxonomic status of the subspecies Podarcis waglerianus marettimensis from Marettimo Island needs to be clarified. 61563,Quedenfeldtia moerens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Quedenfeldtia,moerens,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1916)", 61564,Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Quedenfeldtia,trachyblepharus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1873)", 61565,Zamenis scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Zamenis,scalaris,,,,,"(Schinz, 1822)","This species was included in Rhinechis following Utiger et al. (2002). Salvi et al. (2018) subsequently proposed synonymizing Rhinechis within Zamenis to better-reflect evolutionary relationships, and this scheme has been followed by later authors (e.g. Geniez 2018)." 61566,Letheobia simoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,simoni,,,,,"(Boettger, 1879)", 61567,Saurodactylus brosseti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Saurodactylus,brosseti,,,,,"Bons & Pasteur, 1957",It was formerly a subspecies of Saurodactylus mauritanicus. It was raised to species rank by Bons and Geniez (1996). 61568,Saurodactylus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Saurodactylus,fasciatus,,,,,"Werner, 1931", 61569,Saurodactylus mauritanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Saurodactylus,mauritanicus,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1836)", 61570,Spalerosophis dolichospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spalerosophis,dolichospilus,,,,,"(Werner, 1923)", 61571,Chalcides sepsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,sepsoides,,,,,"(Audouin, 1829)", 61572,Tarentola angustimentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,angustimentalis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1891", 61690,Ceylonthelphusa alpina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,alpina,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61691,Ceylonthelphusa armata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,armata,,,,,"(Ng, 1995)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61692,Ceylonthelphusa callista,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,callista,,,,,"(Ng, 1995)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61694,Ceylonthelphusa diva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,diva,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61695,Ceylonthelphusa durrelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,durrelli,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61696,Ceylonthelphusa kandambyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,kandambyi,,,,,"Bahir, 1999","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61697,Ceylonthelphusa kotagama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,kotagama,,,,,"(Bahir, 1998)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61698,Ceylonthelphusa nata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,nata,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61699,Ceylonthelphusa orthos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,orthos,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61756,Rhinella pombali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,pombali,,,,,"(Baldiserra, Caramaschi and Haddad, 2004)",This species has recently been separated from Rhinella crucifer by Baldissera et al. (2004). 61700,Ceylonthelphusa rugosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,rugosa,,,,,"(Kingsley, 1880)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61701,Ceylonthelphusa savitriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,savitriae,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61702,Ceylonthelphusa sentosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,sentosa,,,,,"Bahir, 1999","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61703,Ceylonthelphusa sanguinea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,sanguinea,,,,,"(Ng, 1995)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61760,Oreophrynella weiassipuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,weiassipuensis,,,,,"Señaris, DoNascimiento and Villarreal, 2005","Oreophrynella seegobini is genetically very similar to this species although morphology and ecology do differ, and further taxonomic studies need to be carried out (P. Kok pers. comm. November 2017). This may indicate a very recent evolutionary split between the species (P. Kok pers. comm. November 2017)." 61704,Ceylonthelphusa soror,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,soror,,,,,"(Zehntner, 1894)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61770,Aplastodiscus eugenioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Aplastodiscus,eugenioi,,,,,"(Carvalho-e-Silva and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2005)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Aplastodiscus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 61705,Ceylonthelphusa venusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,venusta,,,,,"(Ng, 1995)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61771,Bokermannohyla ahenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,ahenea,,,,,"(Napoli & Caramaschi, 2004)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has since been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 61706,Clinothelphusa kakoota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Clinothelphusa,kakoota,,,,,"Tay & Ng, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61772,Bokermannohyla caramaschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,caramaschii,,,,,"(Napoli, 2005)","This species was separated from Bokermannohyla circumdata (Napoli 2005). It was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 61707,Mahatha adonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mahatha,adonis,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61773,Bokermannohyla feioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,feioi,,,,,"(Napoli and Caramaschi, 2004)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 61708,Mahatha helaya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mahatha,helaya,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61709,Mahatha iora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mahatha,iora,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61775,Boana beckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,beckeri,,,,,"(Caramaschi and Cruz, 2004)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 61710,Mahatha lacuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mahatha,lacuna,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61777,Boana freicanecae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,freicanecae,,,,,"(Carnaval & Peixoto, 2004)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 61711,Mahatha ornatipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mahatha,ornatipes,,,,,"(Roux, 1915)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61778,Boana latistriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,latistriata,,,,,"(Caramaschi & Cruz, 2004)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 61712,Mahatha regina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Mahatha,regina,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61779,Boana pombali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,pombali,,,,,"(Caramaschi, Pimenta & Feio, 2004)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 61713,Oziothelphusa ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Fernando, 1960)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 6178,Cyprinus micristius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,micristius,,,,,"Regan, 1906","Cyprinus micristius Regan. Fang (1936) erect a new genus Mesocyprinus and assign it as the type. Chen and Huang (in Wu 1977) assign it as Cyprnus (Mesocyprinus) micristius. Chen and Yang (2002) reject the validity of Mesocyprinus and recover it as Cyprinus micristius." 61714,Oziothelphusa dakuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,dakuna,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61715,Oziothelphusa gallicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,gallicola,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61716,Oziothelphusa hippocastanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,hippocastanum,,,,,"(Müller, 1887)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61782,Litoria jungguy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,jungguy,,,,,"Donnellan and Mahony, 2004","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 61717,Oziothelphusa intuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,intuta,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61718,Oziothelphusa minneriyaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,minneriyaensis,,,,,"Bott, 1970","Oziothelphusa minneriyaensis was incorrectly recorded as Oziothelphusa mineriyaensis in Bahir et al. (2005), and subsequently appeared in the 2007 Red List as O. mineriyaensis. The type locality for this species is Minneriya." 61719,Oziothelphusa ritigala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,ritigala,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61720,Oziothelphusa stricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,stricta,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61721,Pastilla dacuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Pastilla,dacuna,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","Pastilla dacuna appeared incorrectly as Pastilla ruhuna in Bahir et al. (2005), and subsequently was entered into the 2007 IUCN Red List as P. ruhuna. Pastilla is a monotypic genus. This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61788,Litoria wilcoxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,wilcoxii,,,,,"Gunther, 1864","This species was revalidated by Donnellan and Mahony (2004). 

We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 61722,Perbrinckia enodis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,enodis,,,,,"Kingsley, 1880","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61789,Phyllodytes punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,punctatus,,,,,"Caramaschi and Peixoto, 2004",This species was described by reallocation of some specimens originally allocated to Phyllodytes tuberculosus (Caramaschi and Peixoto 2004). 61723,Perbrinckia cracens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,cracens,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 6179,Cyprinus yilongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,yilongensis,,,,,"Yang et al., 1977","" 61724,Perbrinckia fenestra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,fenestra,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61790,Phyllodytes wuchereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phyllodytes,wuchereri,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Phyllodytes luteolus by Caramaschi et al. (2004). 61725,Perbrinckia fido,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,fido,,,,,"Bahir, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61726,Perbrinckia gabadagei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,gabadagei,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61792,Ololygon aromothyella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,aromothyella,,,,,"(Faivovich, 2005)","

In the Scinax catharinae group, and possibly confused as Scinax berthae in Brazil, according to the original publication. Specimens treated as Scinax cf. berthae by Kwet and Di-Bernardo (1999) and by Kwet (2001) could instead belong to this species (Faivovich 2005).

" 61727,Perbrinckia glabra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,glabra,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61793,Scinax constrictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,constrictus,,,,,"Lima, Bastos & Giaretta, 2004", 61728,Perbrinckia integra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,integra,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61794,Scinax curicica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,curicica,,,,,"Pugliese, Pombal & Sazima, 2004",This species was confused with Scinax duartei prior to its description (Pugliese et al. 2004). This concept is a complex comprised of several undescribed species and there remains uncertainty regarding its distribution and that of S. duartei and S. rogerioi (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021). 61729,Perbrinckia morayensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,morayensis,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61730,Ceylonthelphusa nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,nana,,,,,"Bahir, 1999","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61731,Perbrinckia punctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,punctata,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61732,Perbrinckia quadratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,quadratus,,,,,"Ng & Tay, 2001","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61733,Perbrinckia rosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,rosae,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61734,Perbrinckia scansor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,scansor,,,,,"(Ng, 1995)","Bott (1970) included this species in Ceylonthelphusa. This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61735,Perbrinckia scitula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Perbrinckia,scitula,,,,,"Ng, 1995","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 61737,Spiralothelphusa fernandoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Spiralothelphusa,fernandoi,,,,,"Ng, 1994",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 61738,Spiralothelphusa parvula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Spiralothelphusa,parvula,,,,,"(Fernando, 1961)",Subfamily Parathelphusinae. 61739,Oziothelphusa kodagoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,kodagoda,,,,,"Bahir & Ng, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61740,Oziothelphusa populosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Oziothelphusa,populosa,,,,,"Bahir & Yeo, 2005","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press).
" 61746,Brachycephalus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,brunneus,,,,,"Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad and Dos Reis, 2005", 61747,Brachycephalus izecksohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BRACHYCEPHALIDAE,Brachycephalus,izecksohni,,,,,"Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad and Dos Reis, 2005", 61748,Rhinella abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,abei,,,,,"(Baldiserra, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004)",This species has recently been separated from Rhinella crucifer (Baldissera et al. 2004). 61752,Rhinella henseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,henseli,,,,,"(Lutz, 1934)",This species was removed from synonymy of Rhinella crucifer by Baldiserra et al. (2004). 61754,Rhinella ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,ornata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",This species was removed from synonymy of Rhinella crucifer by Baldissera et al. (2004). 61763,Teratohyla adenocheira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Teratohyla,adenocheira,,,,,"Harvey and Noonan, 2005", 61768,Hyloxalus chlorocraspedus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,chlorocraspedus,,,,,"(Caldwell, 2005)","Its former position in Cryptophyllobates or now in Hyloxalus might be doubtful (R. Schulte pers. comm. April 2018)." 61874,Rana pseudodalmatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,pseudodalmatina,,,,,"Eiselt & Schmidtler, 1971",We follow Veith et al. (2003) in considering this species to be distinct from Rana macrocnemis at the species level. 61805,Cycloramphus acangatan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,acangatan,,,,,"Verdade & Rodrigues, 2003", 61875,Rana tavasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,tavasensis,,,,,"Baran and Atatür, 1986","We follow Veith et al. (2003), in considering this species to be distinct from Rana macrocnemis at the species level. It is confirmed through molecular data to occur in Çakıroluk (type locality) and Girdev Lake (U. Kaya pers. comm. December 2018)." 61808,Pristimantis huicundo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,huicundo,,,,,"(Guayasamin, Almeida-Reinoso and Nogales-Sornosa, 2004)", 6181,Cyprinus carpio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,carpio,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 61812,Eleutherodactylus maestrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,maestrensis,,,,,"Díaz, Cádiz & Navarro, 2005", 61814,Pristimantis ortizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ortizi,,,,,"(Guayasamin, Almeida-Reinoso and Nogales-Sornosa, 2004)",The northern subpopulation could belong to an undescribed species. 61885,Raorchestes nerostagona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,nerostagona,,,,,"(Biju & Bossuyt, 2005)", 6189,Cyrnotheba corsica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Cyrnotheba,corsica,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1843)", 61891,Kurixalus hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,hainanus,,,,,"(Zhao, Wang & Shi, 2005)","This species was synonymized under Kurixalus bisacculus by Yu et al. (2010). However, was then subsequently recognised as valid and split out again by Yu et al. (2017)." 61832,Physalaemus erikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,erikae,,,,,"Cruz and Pimenta, 2004", 61833,Engystomops guayaco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,guayaco,,,,,"(Ron, Coloma & Cannatella, 2005)",In the Duovox clade of Ron et al. (2006). 6184,Cyprogenia stegaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyprogenia,stegaria,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 61848,Chiasmocleis gnoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,gnoma,,,,,"Canedo, Dixo and Pombal, 2004", 61850,Kaloula assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,assamensis,,,,,"Das, Sengupta, Ahmed & Dutta, 2005", 61853,Microhyla pulverata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,pulverata,,,,,"Bain & Nguyen, 2004", 61866,Nyctibatrachus petraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Nyctibatrachus,petraeus,,,,,"Das & Kunte, 2005", 61902,Desmognathus abditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,abditus,,,,,"Anderson & Tilley, 2003", 61904,Plethodon asupak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,asupak,,,,,"Mead, Clayton, Nauman, Olson and Pfrender, 2005", 61905,Plethodon sherando,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,sherando,,,,,"Highton, 2004", 61914,Lyciasalamandra atifi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lyciasalamandra,atifi,,,,,"(Başoğlu, 1967)",This taxon was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Salamandra lushchani. It has been elevated to species level and assigned to the genus Lyciasalamandra by Veith and Steinfartz (2004). 61916,Lyciasalamandra fazilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lyciasalamandra,fazilae,,,,,"(Başoğlu and Atatür, 1974)","This taxon was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Mertensiella lushchani. It has now been elevated to species level, and assigned to the genus Lyciasalamandra by Veith and Steinfartz (2004)." 61917,Lyciasalamandra flavimembris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lyciasalamandra,flavimembris,,,,,"(Mutz and Steinfartz, 1995)","This taxon was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Salamandra lushchani. It has been elevated to species level, and assigned to the genus Lyciasalamandra, by Veith and Steinfartz (2004)." 61921,Gegeneophis madhavai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,madhavai,,,,,"Bhatta & Srinivasa, 2004", 61922,Gegeneophis nadkarnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Gegeneophis,nadkarnii,,,,,"Bhatta & Prasanth, 2004","This species is superficially similar to Gegeneophis danieli, both of which are known from very few specimens." 61923,Indotyphlus maharashtraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Indotyphlus,maharashtraensis,,,,,"Giri, Gower & Wilkinson, 2004", 6202,Cysticus gutta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Cysticus,gutta,,,,,"Gofas and Fernandes, 1988","Accepted name is Plesiocystiscus gutta (Gofas and Fernandes, 1988), with Cystiscus gutta now unaccepted (According to WoRMS)." 62025,Orconectes australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,australis,,,,,"Rhoades, 1944","Two former sub species, Orconectes australis australis and O. a. packardi have recently been elevated to species level (Buhay & Crandall 2008)." 62026,Orconectes inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,inermis,,,,,"Cope, 1872"," This species is known to be made up of two sub species, Orconectes inermis inermis Cope, 1872 and Orconectes inermis testii (Hay 1891)." 62027,Orconectes meeki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,meeki,,,,,"(Faxon, 1898)","Two subspecies of this species are recognised; Meek's Short Pointed Crayfish Orconectes meeki brevis Williams, 1952 and Meek's Crayfish Orconectes meeki meeki (Faxon 1898)." 62028,Procambarus lucifugus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,lucifugus,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1940)","This species is a species complex consisting of Procambarus lucifugus lucifugus (Florida Cave Crayfish, Hobbs 1940b) and Procambarus lucifugus alachua (Vampire Crayfish Hobbs 1940b). Ongoing genetic work has found little genetic differentiation among P. lucifugus alachua, P. lucifugus ""intergrades"", P. erythrops, and P. leitheuseri, whereas P. l. lucifugus is distinct from all of those.  Hence, P. l. lucifugus may prove to be a separate species known from only two localities (Hobbs 1942), the location of one of which is unknown. Procambarus l. lucifugus is characterized by a lack of eyespots.  Three miles away from the cave at which  P. l. lucifugus is found is a cave with crayfish possessing very distinct eyespots, which is genetically indistinguishable from P. l. alachua. Further investigation is required to clarify this discrepancy as it may affect the threat status of Procambarus lucifugus (P. Moler pers. comm. 2010). " 6203,Cysticus josephinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Cysticus,josephinae,,,,,"Fernandes and Rolán, 1992","Accepted name is Plesiocystiscus josephinae (Fernandes and Rolán, 1992). Cystiscus josephinae is unaccepted (According to WoRMS)." 62030,Procambarus rogersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,rogersi,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1938)","This is a species complex:
Procambarus rogersi rogersi (Seepage crayfish, Hobbs 1938)
Procambarus rogersi campestris: Field Crayfish (Hobbs 1942)
Procambarus rogersi expletus: Perfect Crayfish (Hobbs and Hart 1959)
Procambarus rogersi ochlocknensis: Ochlockonee Crayfish  (Hobbs 1942)

This is a species complex that needs taxonomic revision.

" 6205,Cytora hirsutissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Cytora,hirsutissima,,,,,"(Powell, 1951)", 62178,Chlorogomphus brevistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,brevistigma,,,,,"Oguma, 1926","Described from female collected from Taiwan by Oguma (1926). Chen (1950) described first male from Miao-Li, Hsin-Chu Hsien, and provided details of five more specimens collected from Doba, Taipeh Hsien, Taiwan. Asahina (1961) designated a lectotype from Hoppo (Peipu)." 62173,Planaeschna risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,risi,,,,,"Asahina, 1964","The type locality of Planaeschna risi risi Asahina (1964) is Kussha, Taiheizan, Taiwan. Planaeschna risi sakishimana Asahina, 1964 was described (in the same paper describing the nominate subspecies) from the island of Omoto-dake, Ishigaki-Shima, Ryukyus of Japan near Taiwan. Lieftinck et al. (1984) consider that Planaeschna ishigakiana Asahina (1951), also described from southwestern parts of Ryukyus, is not sufficiently characterised and differentiated from P. r. sakishimana." 62174,Matrona basilaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Matrona,basilaris,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)","Two forms previously treated as subspecies or synonyms of M. basilaris are currently recognised as distinct species: M. nigripectus (Sélys, 1879) and M. kricheldorffi (Karsch, 1891); however there is not universal agreement that these should be treated as distinct species, although they are treated as such here. A subspecies M. b. japonica (Förster, 1897) occurs in Japan." 62188,Coeliccia flavicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,flavicauda,,,,,"Ris, 1912","Ris (1912) described Coeliccia flavicauda flavicauda from Tainan, southwest Taiwan where it is probably endemic. The single subspecies Coeliccia flavicauda masakii Asahina, 1951 was described from Isigaki-Shima, southwest Ryukyus Islands, Japan." 6228,Daihinibaenetes arizonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Daihinibaenetes,arizonensis,,,,,"(Tinkham, 1947)", 62223,Coregonus sardinella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,sardinella,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1848", 62235,Masticophis flagellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,flagellum,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","Grismer (2002) considers the subspecies Masticophis flagellum fuliginosus to be a separate species, based on the lack of intergradation between it and M. f. piceus. Here we consider M. f. fuliginosus to be a subspecies, pending further investigation of its taxonomic status." 62236,Masticophis lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,lateralis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1853)", 62237,Nerodia fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,fasciata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Salt marsh populations that were formerly included in this species are now regarded as a distinct species, N. clarkii (Lawson 1987, Lawson et al. 1991); hybrids between clarkii and fasciata occur in disturbed areas." 62238,Nerodia harteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,harteri,,,,,"(Trapido, 1941)",Rose and Selcer (1989) examined genetic and morphological variation in Nerodia harteri and suggested that the two subspecies (harteri and paucimaculata) should be recognized as distinct species. Other authors have pointed out that there is no single character that will allow separation of individuals from the two populations 100% of the time. MtDNA data support the contention that paucimaculata and harteri are distinct species (Densmore et al. 1992). 62239,Nerodia sipedon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,sipedon,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 62253,Crotalus willardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,willardi,,,,,"Meek, 1905", 62255,Vipera ammodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,ammodytes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species is in need of a full taxonomic revision (W. Wüster pers. comm. 2022). The name Vipera transcaucasiana has been treated as either a full species or a subspecies. The latter is the arrangement currently best-supported by genetic data (Geniez 2018) and the IUCN SSC Viper Specialist Group presently treats V. ammodytes transcaucasiana as a subspecies of V. ammodytes.

There is ""huge"" genetic variability within Balkan populations of V. ammodytes which does not correspond to recognized subspecies, and those in the Cyclades may represent a distinct species (Speybroeck et al. 2016)." 62289,Leptaxis simia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Leptaxis,simia,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1832)","Waldén (1983) notes that this name is not preoccupied by Helix erubescens (Solander) Lightfoot 1786, as he argues that description appears to be unidentifiable. Bank et al. (2002) use the name L. simia, on the basis that the name is preoccupied. Seddon (2008) noted that given the use of erubescens (Lowe, 1831) in numerous papers over the last 120 years, it would appear that Bank et al. (2002) could have argued to keep the name on the basis of stability, and used article 29.2 to set aside Helix erubescens (Solander) Lightfoot, 1786 as a nomen oblitum.

Mandahl- Barth (1950) treats Madeiran forms as four distinct subspecies:

Leptaxis simia advenoides (Paiva, 1867) – Distribution: Madeiran Islands (Portugal)
Leptaxis simia hyaena (R.T. Lowe, 1852) – Distribution: Madeiran Islands (Portugal)
Leptaxis  simia portosancti (Wollaston, 1878) – Distribution: Madeiran Islands (Portugal)
Leptaxis simia simia (A. Férussac, 1832) – Distribution: Azores (Portugal), Madeiran Islands (Portugal)." 6230,Dalla octomaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Dalla,octomaculata,,,,,"(Godman, 1900)", 6244,Damochlora millepunctata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Damochlora,millepunctata,,,,,"Smith, 1894","The original description contained the descriptions of two varieties, which occur on different islands. Solem (1979) considered these varieties as conspecific. By contrast, Criscione & Köhler (2015) demonstrated that both represent distinct species, which belong to different genera." 6245,Setobaudinia spina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Setobaudinia,spina,,,,,"(Solem, 1985)","Originally placed in Damochlora, this species has subsequently been transferred to Setobaudinia based in molecular phylogenetic evidence (Criscione and Köhler 2013)." 6247,Danaus cleophile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Danaus,cleophile,,,,,"(Godart, 1819)", 6251,Dancea rodriguezensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dancea,rodriguezensis,,,,,"(Crosse, 1873) ", 6253,Danio aequipinnulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Danio,aequipinnulus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)", 6254,Daphnia jollyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,DAPHNIIDAE,Daphnia,jollyi,,,,,"Petkovski, 1973", 6255,Daphnia nivalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,DAPHNIIDAE,Daphnia,nivalis,,,,,"Hebert, 1977", 6256,Daphnia occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,DAPHNIIDAE,Daphnia,occidentalis,,,,,"Benzie, 1986", 6257,Daphnia coronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,DAPHNIIDAE,Daphnia,coronata,,,,,"Sars, 1916", 6285,Dasyprocta mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,mexicana,,,,,"Saussure, 1860", 6304,Deinacrida fallai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Deinacrida,fallai,,,,,"Salmon, 1950", 6305,Deinacrida heteracantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Deinacrida,heteracantha,,,,,"White, 1842", 6306,Deinacrida rugosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Deinacrida,rugosa,,,,,"Buller, 1871", 6308,Deinacrida parva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,STENOPELMATIDAE,Deinacrida,parva,,,,,"Buller, 1895", 63099,Austrolebias cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,cinereus,,,,,"(Amato, 1986)", 63171,Chlorolestes fasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chlorolestes,fasciatus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 63105,Calopteryx hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,hyalina,,,,,"Martin, 1909","Martin (1909) described this taxon as a subspecies of Calopteryx splendens (Harris, 1782) and was followed by several authors (Morton 1924, Schmidt 1954, Buchholtz 1955). Bartenef (1912) regarded it as a subspecies of Calopteryx syriaca Rambur, 1842. Although already Dumont (1975, 1977) treated the taxon - with some doubts - as a valid species, it was Schneider (1986) who could show conclusively that C. hyalina merits full specific rank: C. hyalina and C. syriaca are sympatric but never syntopic. In addition to sympatry (upper Orontes, Nahr al-Kabir (S), Litani, Lake Hula) they exhibit reproductive character displacement. Where C. hyalina comes into contact with C. intermedia Selys, 1887 (lower Orontes, Nahr al-Kabir (S)) hybrids occur, and these were described by Buchholtz (1955) as Calopteryx splendens ""pseudosyriaca""." 63172,Pseudagrion greeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,greeni,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63174,Pseudagrion deningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,deningi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961","B-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63176,Pseudagrion vaalense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,vaalense,,,,,"Chutter, 1962","B-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63177,Crenigomphus kavangoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Crenigomphus,kavangoensis,,,,,"Suhling & Marais, 2010", 63179,Chlorolestes tessellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chlorolestes,tessellatus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 63180,Pseudagrion citricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,citricola,,,,,"Barnard, 1937","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63183,Ceratogomphus pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ceratogomphus,pictus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854", 63184,Pseudagrion caffrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,caffrum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1939)","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63185,Pseudagrion furcigerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,furcigerum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63186,Diastatomma soror,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diastatomma,soror,,,,,"Schouteden, 1934", 63189,Pseudagrion fisheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,fisheri,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63190,Ictinogomphus dundoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,dundoensis,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1961)", 63191,Chlorolestes umbratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chlorolestes,umbratus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 63195,Proischnura rotundipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Proischnura,rotundipennis,,,,,"(Ris, 1921)", 63198,Crocothemis brevistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,brevistigma,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 63199,Zygonyx eusebia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,eusebia,,,,,"(Ris, 1912)", 63146,Raja montagui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,montagui,,,,,"Fowler, 1910","There are no recent synonyms. In terms of identification, juvenile spotted rays can be confused with the morphologically similar blonde ray (Raja brachyura) and thornback ray (Raja clavata). Some spotted rays have fewer spots that are concentrated in the centres of the wings and can be misidentified as cuckoo rays (Leucoraja naevus)." 63168,Syncordulia venator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Syncordulia,venator,,,,,"(Barnard, 1933)", 63169,Nesciothemis fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesciothemis,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"Longfield, 1955", 63263,Barbus hondeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,hondeensis,,,,,"Määr, 1962","The types of both Barbus hondeensis Määr, 1962 (QVM F 151) and Barbus manicensis Pellegrin, 1919 (MNHM 1919-0487) have been examined. The specimens are signficantly different sizes, however, they appear to be different species with B. hondeesis being a larger species with a heavily serrated strong dorsal fin spine. Further study is needed and an assessment of the distributions of the two determined. At present B. manicensis is known from the Buzi River system and B. hondeesis is known from the Pungwe River system." 63201,Allocnemis leucosticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,leucosticta,,,,,"Selys, 1863", 63202,Syncordulia gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Syncordulia,gracilis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 63203,Chlorolestes conspicuus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chlorolestes,conspicuus,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 63204,Orthetrum robustum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,robustum,,,,,"Balinsky, 1965", 63205,Trithemis leakeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,leakeyi,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1955)",May be conspecific with C. apicalis. 63279,Labeo ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907", 63209,Aethiothemis ellioti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,ellioti,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1969)",Will become Aethiothemis coryndoni (Dijkstra unpubl.). 63282,Labeo lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,lunatus,,,,,"Jubb, 1963", 63284,Labeo rocadasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,rocadasi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910", 63212,Crenigomphus cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Crenigomphus,cornutus,,,,,"Pinhey, 1956", 63213,Onychogomphus rossii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,rossii,,,,,"Pinhey, 1966",Taxonomic work is needed for the genus Onychogomphus and it may be discovered rossii is not a valid species. 63214,Pseudagrion makabusiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,makabusiense,,,,,"Pinhey, 1950"," Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". P. makabusiense is an A-group species. The taxonomy of the species is likely to requires reform." 63216,Elattoneura frenulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,frenulata,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 63217,Pseudagrion rufostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,rufostigma,,,,,"Longfield, 1947","B-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 63291,Labeobarbus codringtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,codringtonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)",Specimens from near the source of the Zambezi and in northern tributaries lack the enlarged dorsal fin and are more fusiform. Genetic analysis is needed (Tweddle et al. 2004). 63220,Lestinogomphus silkeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,silkeae,,,,,"Kipping, 2006", 63297,Raiamas ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 63298,Labeobarbus clarkeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,clarkeae,,,,,"(Banister, 1984)", 63299,Labeobarbus ensifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,ensifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 63228,Iridictyon myersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Iridictyon,myersi,,,,,"Needham & Fisher, 1940",The African genus Phaon seems to be the closest relative of the Iridictyon (De Marmels et al. 1996). 63229,Iridictyon trebbaui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Iridictyon,trebbaui,,,,,"Rácenis, 1968",The African genus Phaon seems to be the closest relative of the Iridictyon (De Marmels et al. 1996). 63231,Phenes raptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Phenes,raptor,,,,,"Rambur, 1842",Nearest relatives in Australia and New Zealand. 63232,Phyllopetalia apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Phyllopetalia,apicalis,,,,,"Selys, 1858","Taxonomy of South American austropetaliids currently being reviewed by von Ellenrieder. Carle (1996) created genus Rheopetalia to include this species, von Ellenrieder (in prep.) is synonymyzing it." 63233,Phyllopetalia apollo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Phyllopetalia,apollo,,,,,"Selys, 1878","Taxonomy of South American austropetaliids currently being reviewed by von Ellenrieder. Carle (1996) created genus Odontopetalia to include this species, von Ellenrieder (in prep.) synonymyzed it." 63234,Alestes ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestes,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910", 63235,Brycinus humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,humilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 63236,Micralestes argyrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,argyrotaenia,,,,,"Trewavas, 1936", 63237,Rhabdalestes maunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Rhabdalestes,maunensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1935)",Rhadalestes rhodesiensis is possibly identical to Rhabdalestes maunensis. 63239,Distichodus mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,mossambicus,,,,,"Peters, 1852",The taxonomy of this species is in need of clarification. It is probably heterospecific. 63240,Distichodus schenga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,schenga,,,,,"Peters, 1852", 63241,Hemigrammocharax machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,machadoi,,,,,"Poll, 1967","Some specimens from Kataba River lack characteristic black tail bars and are generally duskier, some almost black (Tweddle et al. 2004). Taxonomic study is needed." 63242,Hemigrammocharax monardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Hemigrammocharax,monardi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1936",This species is known only by its types which are apparentely lost. 63243,Nannocharax fasciolaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,fasciolaris,,,,,"Nichols & Boulton, 1927", 63244,Neolebias lozii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,lozii,,,,,"Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller, 1993", 63245,Gilchristella aestuaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Gilchristella,aestuaria,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1913)", 63273,Labeobarbus rocadasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,rocadasi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 63358,Doumea angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Doumea,angolensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 63359,Chrysichthys ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910", 63360,Chrysichthys bocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,bocagii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910", 63302,Labeobarbus pungweensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,pungweensis,,,,,"(Jubb, 1959)", 63303,Labeobarbus stenostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,stenostoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 63362,Clariallabes platyprosopos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,platyprosopos,,,,,"Jubb, 1965", 63304,Labeobarbus varicostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,varicostoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 63372,Synodontis leopardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,leopardinus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1914",The spotted Synodontis species of the Upper Zambezi and Okavango systems require further taxonomic study. 63373,Synodontis macrostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,macrostigma,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911",The spotted Synodontis species of the Upper Zambezi and Okavango systems require further taxonomic study. 63374,Synodontis macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,macrostoma,,,,,"Skelton & White, 1990", 63375,Synodontis thamalakanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,thamalakanensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1935",The spotted Synodontis species of the Upper Zambezi and Okavango systems require further taxonomic study. 63376,Synodontis vanderwaali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,vanderwaali,,,,,"Skelton & White, 1990",The spotted Synodontis species of the Upper Zambezi and Okavango systems require further taxonomic study. 63309,Aplocheilichthys macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,macrurus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 63377,Synodontis woosnami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,woosnami,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911",The spotted Synodontis species of the Upper Zambezi and Okavango systems require further taxonomic study. 63378,Parailia occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Parailia,occidentalis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)", 63379,Schilbe angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,angolensis,,,,,"(De Vos, 1984)", 63311,Kneria ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 63312,Kneria auriculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,auriculata,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1905)","This species was described from the Muza River (lower Zambezi system), central Mozambique. Numerous isolated subpopulations exist across central African and their specific status needs to be determined. Specimens of Kneria auriculata from the Congo basin are probably not conspecific with Southern African subpopulations. The southern subpopulations in South Africa (Crocodile System) are clearly distinct are in the process of being described." 63380,Schilbe bocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,bocagii,,,,,"(Guimarães, 1884)", 63313,Kneria maydelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,maydelli,,,,,"Ladiges & Voelker, 1961", 63381,Mastacembelus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 63314,Kneria polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,polli,,,,,"Trewavas, 1936",Populations from northern Zambian tributaries of the Upper Zambezi River need taxonomic study. 63382,Rossomyrmex proformicarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Rossomyrmex,proformicarum,,,,,"Arnol'di, 1928", 63315,Kneria sjolandersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,sjolandersi,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 63316,Parakneria fortuita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,fortuita,,,,,"Penrith, 1973", 63317,Parakneria marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,marmorata,,,,,"(Norman, 1923)", 63385,Barbus sp. nov. 'Banhine',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,sp. nov. 'Banhine',,,,,,"This species is currently being described by Da Costa, Bills & Swartz. A serrated dorsal spine group barb." 63318,Parakneria mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Parakneria,mossambica,,,,,Jubb & Bell-Cross 1974, 63386,Barbus sp. nov. 'Chimanimani',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,sp. nov. 'Chimanimani',,,,,,An undescribed species within the southern Barbus anoplus complex (voucher specimen held by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)). Only known from a few streams within the upper Buzi system in Mozambique. 63319,Mastacembelus vanderwaali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,vanderwaali,,,,,Skelton (1976), 63320,Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Heteromormyrus,pauciradiatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 63388,Aplocheilichthys sp. nov. 'Rovuma',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,sp. nov. 'Rovuma',,,,,,Voucher specimen held by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB). The taxonomic status of this species needs to be determined. It is similar to Aplocheilichthys hutereuai from the Zambezi. The Zambezian topminnows need to be examined. 63321,Hippopotamyrus pappenheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,pappenheimi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 63322,Hippopotamyrus szaboi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,szaboi,,,,,"Kramer, Van Der Bank & Wink, 2004","Recent taxonomic revision resulting from a study of electric signals generated by stone bashers resulted in the recognition of a new species, H. szaboi. The species occurs sympatrically with the previously described H. ansorgii, e.g. in the upper Zambezi River at Katima Mulilo in the Caprivi area (Kramer et al. 2004)." 63323,Marcusenius angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,angolensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","Kramer et al. (2007) restored this taxon to full species rank after Gnathonemus angolensis was synonymized with M. macrolepidotus as the subspecies M. m. angolensis by Poll and Gosse (1963), perhaps because of a prevailing sentiment of relatedness of the fishes of the upper Kwanza with those of the Zambezi basin (Trewavas 1973). The identities of Congo (DRC) and Cunene River specimens reported to be this species remain to be determined." 63325,Mormyrus lacerda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,lacerda,,,,,"Castelnau, 1861", 63326,Paramormyrops jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,jacksoni,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)","Known from one specimen, possibly an emaciated specimen of Pollimyrus castelnaui." 63327,Petrocephalus cunganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,cunganus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910", 63329,Pollimyrus marianne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,marianne,,,,,"Kramer, van der Bank, Flint, Sauer-Gürth & Wink, 2003",This species was recently separated from Pollimyrus castelnaui on the basis of electric organ discharges and some genetic characters. 6333,Delos oualanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Delos,oualanensis,,,,,"Pease, no date", 63330,Chetia brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chetia,brevicauda,,,,,"Bills & Weyl, 2002", 63332,Chetia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chetia,gracilis,,,,,"(Greenwood, 1984)", 63333,Haplochromis lucullae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,lucullae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 63335,Oreochromis angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,angolensis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1973)", 63336,Oreochromis macrochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,macrochir,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 63337,Oreochromis mortimeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,mortimeri,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1966)", 63341,Orthochromis machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Orthochromis,machadoi,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 63342,Pharyngochromis acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pharyngochromis,acuticeps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)",Variation in size and body depth is noted in specimens from northern Zambian Upper Zambezi and Kafue tributaries (Tweddle et al. 2004). Genetic study of the different populations is needed. 63343,Sargochromis carlottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,carlottae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 63344,Sargochromis codringtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,codringtonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)","Understanding of the true identity of S. codringtonii has changed since the previous assessment. The species is listed as the 'green bream' in Skelton (2001) and Marshall (2011). Colour notes in these two books, based on specimens from Lake Kariba in the Middle Zambezi system, show that the species listed is distinct from the species found in the Upper Zambezi River, i.e. above Victoria Falls. Specimens collected in the Upper Zambezi River and also the Okavango River closely resemble the type specimen which came from above Victoria Falls. Upper Zambezi specimens are uniform dusky pinkish-grey in colour, not olive-green as reported for Lake Kariba fish. Kariba specimens are also reported to have reddish spots at the base of each scale. Large breeding males in the Upper Zambezi and Okavango become uniformly dark grey to pure black. A new common name for the species used in current literature is the 'dusky bream' (Tweddle, 2014). The true S. codringtonii from the Upper Zambezi reaches 40 cm TL, larger than the species in the Middle Zambezi. This assessment is therefore restricted to the species in the Upper Zambezi and Okavango and excludes the Middle Zambezi and Kafue River species." 63345,Sargochromis coulteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,coulteri,,,,,"(Bell-Cross, 1975)", 63346,Sargochromis giardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,giardi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1903)","Very large, almost black specimens are caught in deep pools of the Upper Zambezi. Their taxonomy needs investigation." 63347,Sargochromis greenwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,greenwoodi,,,,,"(Bell-Cross, 1975)", 63348,Sargochromis mortimeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sargochromis,mortimeri,,,,,"(Bell-Cross, 1975)", 63349,Serranochromis altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,altus,,,,,"Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller, 1991", 63350,Serranochromis longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,longimanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 63351,Serranochromis thumbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,thumbergi,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 63352,Thoracochromis albolabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thoracochromis,albolabris,,,,,"(Trewavas & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969)", 63353,Thoracochromis buysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thoracochromis,buysi,,,,,"(Penrith, 1970)", 63354,Tilapia guinasana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tilapia,guinasana,,,,,"Trewavas, 1936", 63357,Amphilius laticaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,laticaudatus,,,,,"Skelton, 1984", 63363,Clarias cavernicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,cavernicola,,,,,"Trewavas, 1936", 63364,Chrysichthys hildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,hildae,,,,,"Bell-Cross, 1973", 63367,Chiloglanis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,fasciatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1936","Chiloglanis fasciatus was described from a single specimen from the Cubango (=Okavango) River in Angola. At least four Chiloglanis species occur in the Upper Zambezi River system (Tweddle et al. 2004), but the taxonomy needs to be investigated before the other species can be fully recognised and added to this database. The species discussed here is that currently recognised under the name C. fasciatus in Skelton (2001). The distribution map may include specimens of the other species." 63370,Chiloglanis sardinhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,sardinhai,,,,,"Ladiges & Voelker, 1961", 63371,Synodontis laessoei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,laessoei,,,,,"Norman, 1923", 63411,Burnupia brunnea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,brunnea,,,,,"Walker, 1924","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63412,Burnupia capensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,capensis,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63413,Burnupia farquhari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,farquhari,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63414,Burnupia gordonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,gordonensis,,,,,"(Melvill & Ponsby, 1903)","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63415,Burnupia mooiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,mooiensis,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)","Species in the genus Burnupia are in need of taxonomic revision; the number of species is highly uncertain, with many founded on shell differences, but probably only a few are really distinct (Brown 1994)." 63416,Burnupia nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,nana,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63417,Burnupia obtusata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,obtusata,,,,,"Walker, 1926","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63418,Burnupia ponsonbyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,ponsonbyi,,,,,"Walker, 1924","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63419,Burnupia stenochorias,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,stenochorias,,,,,"(Melvill & Ponsby, 1903)","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63420,Burnupia transvaalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,transvaalensis,,,,,"(Craven, 1880)","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63421,Burnupia trapezoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,trapezoidea,,,,,"(Boetgger, 1910)","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63422,Burnupia verreauxi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,verreauxi,,,,,"(Bouguignat, 1853)","Species in the genus Burnupia are in need of taxonomic revision; the number of species is highly uncertain, with many founded on shell differences, but probably only a few are really distinct (Brown 1994)." 63423,Burnupia vulcanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,vulcanus,,,,,"Walker, 1924","The genus of Burnupia needs taxonomic revision. The number of species is uncertain. Currently 14 species are described, but it is very likely that there are too many described species (Brown 1994). The genus needs to be revised." 63424,Pettancylus burnupi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,burnupi,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)", 63425,Pettancylus cawstoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,cawstoni,,,,,"(Walker, 1924)", 63426,Pettancylus clifdeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,clifdeni,,,,,"(Connolly, 1939)", 63428,Pettancylus farquhari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,farquhari,,,,,"(Walker, 1924)", 63429,Pettancylus fontinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,fontinalis,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)", 63430,Pettancylus junodi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,junodi,,,,,"(Connolly, 1925)", 63431,Pettancylus lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,lacustris,,,,,"(Walker, 1924)", 63432,Pettancylus natalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,natalensis,,,,,"(Walker, 1924)", 63433,Pettancylus victoriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,victoriensis,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)", 63434,Pettancylus zambesiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,zambesiensis,,,,,"(Walker, 1912)", 63435,Biomphalaria rhodesiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,rhodesiensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1957",There are doubts over the taxonomic status of this species (T. Kristensen pers comm.). 63436,Bulinus angolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,angolensis,,,,,"(Morelet, 1866)", 63437,Bulinus depressus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,depressus,,,,,"Haas, 1936", 63438,Gyraulus connollyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,connollyi,,,,,"Brown & Van Eeden, 1969", 63439,Lentorbis benguelensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Lentorbis,benguelensis,,,,,"Dunker, 1845", 63440,Lentorbis carringtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Lentorbis,carringtoni,,,,,"(de Azevedo <i>et al</i>., 1961)","Its clear separation from Lentorbis junodi (Azevedo et al. 1961) is necessary (Brown 1994)." 63441,Segmentorbis planodiscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentorbis,planodiscus,,,,,"(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1897)",Segmentorbis planodiscus may be a synonym of S. angustus. 63442,Eussoia leptodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Eussoia,leptodonta,,,,,"Nevill, 1881", 63443,Gabbiella zambica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,zambica,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 63444,Tomichia cawstoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,cawstoni,,,,,"Connolly, 1939",Genus name should probably be Tomichia. 63445,Tomichia differens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,differens,,,,,"Connolly, 1939", 63446,Tomichia natalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,natalensis,,,,,"Connolly, 1939",Genus name should probably be Tomichia. 63447,Tomichia rogersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,rogersi,,,,,"(Connolly, 1929)",Genus name should probably be Tomichia. 63448,Tomichia tristis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,tristis,,,,,"(Morelet, 1889)", 63449,Tomichia ventricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,ventricosa,,,,,"(Reeve, 1842)", 63450,Tomichia zwellendamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,zwellendamensis,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)", 63451,Cleopatra smithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,smithi,,,,,"Ancey, 1906","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 63452,Melanoides angolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,angolensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1974",Perhaps asexual reproduction (clonal lineages). Some doubts about taxonomy. 63453,Melanoides victoriae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,victoriae,,,,,"(Dorhn, 1865)", 63454,Mutela wistarmorrisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,wistarmorrisi,,,,,"Graf & Cummings, 2006", 63455,Mutela zambesiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,zambesiensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1988", 63456,Coelatura kunenensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,kunenensis,,,,,"(Mousson, 1887)","Genus changed from Caelatura following Rosenburg, Bogen and Spamer (1990)." 63458,Pisidium costulosum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,costulosum,,,,,"Connolly, 1931","It is difficult to identify to species level, and therefore there are doubts over the validity of some the Pisidium species reported from the Southern African region." 63459,Pisidium harrisoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,harrisoni,,,,,"Kuiper, 1964","It is difficult to identify to species level, and therefore there are doubts over the validity of some the Pisidium species reported from the Southern African region." 63562,Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,hanumavilasumica,,,,,"Smith & Carpenter, 2004","In 2004, Andrew Smith discovered a new species Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica from a sacred grove of the Hanumavilasum Temple on Rameshwaram Island. This species was earlier misidentified by Simon (1885), and Annandale (1907), as Poecilotheria fasciata from the Island and later Gravely (1915) misidentified this as Poecilotheria striata from Pamban on Rameshwaram Island." 63563,Poecilotheria metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,metallica,,,,,"Pocock, 1899",
63565,Poecilotheria nallamalaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,nallamalaiensis,,,,,"Rao, Bastawade, Javed & Ramakrishna, 2007","It closely resembles Poecilotheria miranda, P. formosa and P. fasciata." 63564,Poecilotheria miranda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,miranda,,,,,"Pocock, 1900",
63566,Poecilotheria regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,regalis,,,,,"Pocock, 1899",Populations occurring in Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats could be two different species but this needs taxonomic confirmation. 63567,Poecilotheria rufilata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,rufilata,,,,,"Pocock, 1899",
63578,Endopsammia pourtalesi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Endopsammia,pourtalesi,,,,,"(Durham & Barnard, 1952)", 63579,Rhizopsammia wellingtoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Rhizopsammia,wellingtoni,,,,,"Wells, 1982", 63580,Tubastraea floreana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Tubastraea,floreana,,,,,"Wells, 1982", 63581,Flabellum daphnense,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FLABELLIDAE,Flabellum,daphnense,,,,,"(Durham & Barnard, 1952)","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Durham & Barnard, 1952) to Durham & Barnard, 1952. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 63582,Pseudocyathoceras avis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,TURBINOLIIDAE,Pseudocyathoceras,avis,,,,,"(Durham & Barnard, 1952)", 63542,Haplochromis prodromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,prodromus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935","Appeared in the IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the name Ptyochromis annectens (Regan, 1922), this is considered a junior synonym." 63543,Camelus ferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CAMELIDAE,Camelus,ferus,,,,,"Przewalski, 1878","The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003) ruled that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. Therefore, IUCN considers the wild species of Bactrian Camel under Camelus ferus, while the domestic form is considered under Camelus bactrianus (see Gentry et al. 2004).

Grubb (2005) lists ferus as a subspecies of bactrianus, contrary to most authors.

One-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) can produce viable hybrids (Camelus dromedarius hybridus J. Fischer 1829, unavailable), but hybrid males are thought to be sterile (A.P. Gray 1972).

Samples of skin taken from the remains of dead wild Bactrian Camels have been sent to scientists for genetic DNA testing. The results have been remarkable. Each skin sample has shown two or three distinct genetic differences to the domestic Bactrian camel and a 3% base difference. This answers the charge that the wild Bactrian camel is a domestic runaway." 63558,Chilobrachys fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Chilobrachys,fimbriatus,,,,,"Pocock, 1899",
63559,Chilobrachys hardwicki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Chilobrachys,hardwicki,,,,,"(Pocock, 1895)", 63560,Haploclastus kayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Haploclastus,kayi,,,,,"Gravely, 1915",May belong to the genus Thrigmopoeus. The description of the species is based only on the female. 63561,Poecilotheria formosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,formosa,,,,,"Pocock, 1899",The description of the species is based only on female specimens and the male is yet to be discovered and described. Taxonomy of this species is not very clear due to lack of information from recent reports. 63568,Poecilotheria striata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,striata,,,,,"Pocock, 1895","Gravely (1915) reported this species from Pamban on Rameshwaram Island. However, Smith (2004) described the spider on Rameshwaram Island as P. hanumavilasumica. There is some confusion in identification of P. striata and P. formosa. Further studies are required to resolve this.There is also some confusion between the maxillary lyra patterns between P. regalis and P. striata, In one instance two spiderlings collected from the same burrow matured into two species, P. regalis and P. striata, identified based on the presence and absence of the epigastric pinkish/rufous/yellow band." 63569,Poecilotheria tigrinawesseli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Poecilotheria,tigrinawesseli,,,,,"Smith, 2006",It closely resembles Poecilotheria miranda. 63572,Pterapogon kauderni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Pterapogon,kauderni,,,,,"Koumans, 1933","The Banggai Cardinalfish has eight dorsal spines, 14 dorsal soft rays, two anal spines, and 13 anal soft rays (Koumans 1933). This species is distinguished further by having a tasseled first dorsal fin and a deeply forked caudal fin. Both the second dorsal fin rays and anal fin rays are elongate. The colour pattern is quite distinctive with three black bars across the head and body, black edges along the anterior margins of the second dorsal and anal fins, black edges along the upper and lower margins of the caudal fin, and black pelvic fins marked with white spots. A series of similar white spots run along the edges of the second dorsal, anal and caudal fins (Allen and Steene 1995, Allen 2000). The body is silvery and contains about 20 brilliant whitish dots between the second and third black bars. Dots of each individual have a unique disposition that can be used for specimen identification (Vagelli 2002). Body size of adults reaches 80 mm total length and 55 mm standard length (SL) (Allen 2000). Secondary sexual dimorphism has not been demonstrated for this species (Vagelli and Volpedo 2004).

The genus Pterapogon contains only one other species, P. mirifica from northwestern Australia. However, ongoing studies on the reproductive biology, behaviour, anatomy and preliminary data on molecular studies on P. mirifica (A. Vagelli, pers. comm. on 27th Feb 2007) indicate that it is distantly related to the Banggai Cardinalfish and may in fact merit separate generic status. Therefore the Banggai Cardinalfish may be unique at the generic level." 63573,Caryophyllia solida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Caryophyllia,solida,,,,,"Cairns, 1991", 63574,Concentrotheca vaughani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Concentrotheca,vaughani,,,,,"Cairns, 1991", 63575,Crispatotrochus galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Crispatotrochus,galapagensis,,,,,"Cairns, 1991", 63576,Polycyathus isabela,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Polycyathus,isabela,,,,,"Wells, 1982", 63577,Dendrophyllia johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Dendrophyllia,johnsoni,,,,,"Cairns, 1991", 63678,Abronia graminea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,graminea,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 63679,Abronia leurolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,leurolepis,,,,,"Campbell & Frost, 1993", 63680,Abronia lythrochila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,lythrochila,,,,,"Smith & Alvarez del Toro, 1963", 63681,Abronia martindelcampoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,martindelcampoi,,,,,"Flores & Sánchez, 2003",This species was originally allocated to A. depii. 63683,Abronia mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,mitchelli,,,,,"Campbell, 1982", 63684,Abronia mixteca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,mixteca,,,,,"Bogert & Porter, 1967", 63685,Abronia oaxacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,oaxacae,,,,,"(Günther, 1885)", 63687,Abronia ornelasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,ornelasi,,,,,"Campbell, 1984", 63688,Abronia ramirezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,ramirezi,,,,,"Campbell, 1994", 63689,Abronia reidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,reidi,,,,,"Werler & Shannon, 1961", 63690,Abronia smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,smithi,,,,,"Campbell & Frost, 1993", 63691,Abronia taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,taeniata,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1828)", 63692,Barisia herrerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Barisia,herrerae,,,,,"Zaldívar-Riverón & Nieto-Montes de Oca, 2002", 63693,Barisia imbricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Barisia,imbricata,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1828)","The status of the Barisia imbricata complex remains uncertain, with several species possibly contained under this name (Zaldivar-Riveron et al. 2005)." 63694,Barisia levicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Barisia,levicollis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1890",The taxonomic status of Barisia levicollis appears to be unclear. Zaldívar-Riverón et al. (2005) found that Barisia levicollis is closely related to the northern populations of B. i. ciliaris. 63695,Barisia rudicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Barisia,rudicollis,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1828)", 63696,Celestus enneagrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,enneagrammus,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)", 63697,Celestus legnotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,legnotus,,,,,"(Campbell & Camarillo, 1994)","With consideration of the status of the genera Celestus and Diploglossus, we follow Savage et al. (2008) pending additional information." 63699,Celestus ingridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,ingridae,,,,,"(Werler & Campbell, 2004)","With consideration of the status of the genera Celestus and Diploglossus, we follow Savage et al. (2008) pending additional information." 63657,Boiga ranawanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,ranawanei,,,,,"Samarawickrama, Samarawickrama, Wijesena & Orlov, 2005", 63658,Phelsuma antanosy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,antanosy,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993", 63659,Pseudoxyrhopus kely,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Pseudoxyrhopus,kely,,,,,"Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994","Specimens from Bemaraha differ in some scale characters from the specimens originally described as Pseudoxyrhopus kely, but as these differences are not diagnostic according to the current species concept these records are considered to represent P. kely (A. Raselimanana pers. comm. July 2011)." 63672,Thrigmopoeus insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Thrigmopoeus,insignis,,,,,"Pocock, 1899",
63673,Thrigmopoeus truculentus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Thrigmopoeus,truculentus,,,,,"Pocock, 1899","There is some confusion between Thrigmopoeus truculentus and T. insignis since the two have overlapping distribution. Taxonomically, the difference is noticeable in size, colour, chelicerae and maxillary lyra under a stereomicroscope." 63674,Abronia bogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,bogerti,,,,,"Tihen, 1954", 63675,Abronia chiszari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,chiszari,,,,,"Smith & Smith, 1981", 63676,Abronia deppii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,deppii,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1828)", 63677,Abronia fuscolabialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,fuscolabialis,,,,,"(Tihen, 1944)", 63762,Conopsis biserialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Conopsis,biserialis,,,,,"Taylor & Smith, 1942", 63700,Elgaria cedrosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,cedrosensis,,,,,"(Fitch, 1934)","This species is treated in the Reptile Database (http://www.reptile-database.org/) as a subspecies of Elgaria paucicarinata (Fitch, 1934) whereas Grismer and Hollingsworth (2001) consider it a distinct species. The latter concept is followed here." 63763,Conopsis lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Conopsis,lineata,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1859)",This is a species complex which is under revision (O. Flores Villela pers. comm.). 63701,Elgaria coerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,coerulea,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1828)",Elgaria coerulea formerly was included in genus Gerrhonotus (see Good 1988). 63765,Conopsis nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Conopsis,nasus,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 63702,Elgaria kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,kingii,,,,,"Gray, 1838",Formerly included in the genus Gerrhonotus (see Good 1988). We follow Bryson et al. (2005) by including Elgaria usafa as a junior synonym of E. kingii. 63764,Conopsis megalodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Conopsis,megalodon,,,,,"(Taylor & Smith, 1942)", 63703,Elgaria multicarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,multicarinata,,,,,"(Blainville, 1835)","It was formerly included in the genus Gerrhonotus (see Good 1988).

Populations along the central Baja California coast, formerly included in this species, were reassigned to E. paucicarinata (Grismer 1988). Some authors have suggested that E. multicarinata and E. paucicarinata should be considered conspecific; however, Good (1988) concluded that paucicarinata is more closely allied with E. kingii." 63704,Elgaria nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,nana,,,,,"(Fitch, 1934)","Formerly included within E. multicarinata (Grismer 2001, Flores-Villela and Canseco-Márquez 2004)." 63767,Cryophis hallbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cryophis,hallbergi,,,,,"Bogert & Duellman, 1963", 63705,Elgaria paucicarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,paucicarinata,,,,,"Fitch, 1934", 63706,Elgaria velazquezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Elgaria,velazquezi,,,,,"Grismer & Hollingsworth, 2001", 63779,Farancia abacura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Farancia,abacura,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1836)", 63707,Gerrhonotus infernalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Gerrhonotus,infernalis,,,,,"Baird, 1859","Good (1994) examined morphological variation and divided G. liocephalus into three species as follows: G. infernalis (includes former subspecies aguayoi, infernalis, and taylori), G. ophiurus (includes former subspecies ophiurus and loweryi), and G. liocephalus (includes former subspecies austrinus and liocephalus ). Certain populations from western Mexico (Durango, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Colima) are of uncertain identity but were tentatively referred to as G. cf. liocephalus. No subspecies were recognized in any of the three species." 63780,Farancia erytrogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Farancia,erytrogramma,,,,,"(Latreille, 1802)", 63708,Gerrhonotus liocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Gerrhonotus,liocephalus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828", 63781,Ficimia hardyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ficimia,hardyi,,,,,"Mendoza-Quijano & Smith, 1993", 63709,Gerrhonotus lugoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Gerrhonotus,lugoi,,,,,"McCoy, 1970", 63782,Ficimia ramirezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ficimia,ramirezi,,,,,"Smith & Langebartel, 1950", 63710,Gerrhonotus ophiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Gerrhonotus,ophiurus,,,,,"Cope, 1867","Treated in the Reptiles Database (http://www.reptile-database.org/) as a subspecies of G. liocephalus Wiegmann, 1828." 63783,Ficimia ruspator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ficimia,ruspator,,,,,"Smith & Taylor, 1941",This may not be a valid species; it is currently known only from the type specimen. 63711,Gerrhonotus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Gerrhonotus,parvus,,,,,"Knight & Scudday, 1985", 63784,Ficimia streckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ficimia,streckeri,,,,,"Taylor, 1931", 63712,Mesaspis antauges,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Mesaspis,antauges,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 63785,Ficimia variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ficimia,variegata,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 63713,Mesaspis gadovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Mesaspis,gadovii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 63786,Geagras redimitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Geagras,redimitus,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 63714,Mesaspis juarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Mesaspis,juarezi,,,,,"(Karges & Wright, 1987)", 63787,Geophis anocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,anocularis,,,,,"Dunn, 1920", 63715,Mesaspis viridiflava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Mesaspis,viridiflava,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1873)", 63788,Geophis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,bicolor,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 63716,Ophisaurus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophisaurus,attenuatus,,,,,"Cope, 1880","Prior to 1954 (McConkey 1954), all glass lizards (including species now known as Ophisaurus attentuatus, O. compressus, and O. mimicus) were referred to as Ophisaurus ventralis. Palmer (1987) described O. mimicus as a distinct species. The subspecies longicaudus was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), who expressed the opinion that any allopatric subspecies that is in some way morphologically distinct should be treated as a distinct species, but most authors maintain longicaudus as a subspecies of O. attenuatus.

Molecular data support recognition of the family Anniellidae and anguid subfamilies Gerrhonotinae and Anguinae as monophyletic groups (Macey et al. 1999). Within the Anguinae, Ophisaurus apparently is not monophyletic; among various taxonomic alternatives available to remedy the situation, Macey et al. (1999) favoured placing all members of the subfamily in a single genus (Anguis)." 63789,Geophis blanchardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,blanchardi,,,,,"Taylor & Smith, 1939", 63717,Ophisaurus ceroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophisaurus,ceroni,,,,,"Holman, 1965", 63718,Ophisaurus compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophisaurus,compressus,,,,,"Cope, 1900","Prior to 1954 (McConkey 1954), all glass lizards (including species now known as Ophisaurus attentuatus, O. compressus, and O. mimicus) were referred to as Ophisaurus ventralis. Palmer (1987) described O. mimicus as a distinct species.

Molecular data support recognition of the family Anniellidae and anguid subfamilies Gerrhonotinae and Anguinae as monophyletic groups (Macey et al. 1999). Within the Anguinae, Ophisaurus apparently is not monophyletic; among various taxonomic alternatives available to remedy the situation, Macey et al. (1999) favoured placing all members of the subfamily in a single genus (Anguis)." 63719,Anguis incomptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Anguis,incomptus,,,,,"(McConkey, 1955)", 63792,Geophis chalybeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,chalybeus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1830)", 63720,Ophisaurus mimicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophisaurus,mimicus,,,,,"Palmer, 1987","Much of the historical literature that may deal with Ophisaurus mimicus is hopelessly entangled with that of other North American congeners, due to the recent discovery of this cryptic species (Palmer 1992).

Molecular data support recognition of the family Anniellidae and anguid subfamilies Gerrhonotinae and Anguinae as monophyletic groups (Macey et al. 1999). Within the Anguinae, Ophisaurus is not monophyletic; among various taxonomic alternatives to remedy the situation, Macey et al. (1999) favoured placing all members of the subfamily in a single genus (Anguis)." 63793,Geophis dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,dubius,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)", 63721,Ophisaurus ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophisaurus,ventralis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Prior to 1954 (McConkey 1954), all glass lizards (including species now known as Ophisaurus attentuatus, O. compressus, and O. mimicus) were referred to as Ophisaurus ventralis.

Molecular data support recognition of the family Anniellidae and anguid subfamilies Gerrhonotinae and Anguinae as monophyletic groups (Macey et al. 1999). Within the Anguinae, Ophisaurus apparently is not monophyletic; among various taxonomic alternatives available to remedy the situation, Macey et al. (1999) favoured placing all members of the subfamily in a single genus (Anguis)." 63794,Geophis duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,duellmani,,,,,"Smith & Holland, 1969", 63722,Anniella geronimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANNIELLIDAE,Anniella,geronimensis,,,,,"Shaw, 1940",Molecular data support recognition of the family Anniellidae as a monophyletic group (Macey et al. 1999). 63795,Geophis dugesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,dugesii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1883", 63723,Bipes biporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BIPEDIDAE,Bipes,biporus,,,,,"Cope, 1894", 63724,Bipes canaliculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BIPEDIDAE,Bipes,canaliculatus,,,,,"Bonnaterre, 1789", 63797,Geophis incomptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,incomptus,,,,,"Duellman, 1959", 63725,Bipes tridactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BIPEDIDAE,Bipes,tridactylus,,,,,"(Dugés, 1894)", 63798,Geophis isthmicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,isthmicus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)", 63799,Geophis juarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,juarezi,,,,,"Nieto-Montes de Oca, 2003", 63727,Adelophis copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Adelophis,copei,,,,,"Duges, 1879", 63728,Adelophis foxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Adelophis,foxi,,,,,"Rossman & Blaney, 1968", 63729,Adelphicos latifasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,latifasciatum,,,,,"Lynch & Smith, 1966", 63730,Adelphicos nigrilatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,nigrilatum,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 63733,Adelphicos visoninum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Adelphicos,visoninum,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)","This was previously considered a subspecies of A. quadrivirgatus, but has recently been elevated to species status." 63734,Arizona elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Arizona,elegans,,,,,"Kennicott, 1859","The subspecies occidentalis was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), but no supporting data were presented. Crother et al. (2000, 2003) and Stebbins (2003) did not adopt this proposed change." 63735,Arizona pacata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Arizona,pacata,,,,,"Klauber, 1946", 63736,Bogertophis rosaliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Bogertophis,rosaliae,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1899)",This species formerly was included in the genus Elaphe. 63737,Bogertophis subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Bogertophis,subocularis,,,,,"(Brown, 1901)",This species formerly was included in the genus Elaphe. 63738,Carphophis amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Carphophis,amoenus,,,,,"(Say, 1825)","Clark (1968) proposed that C. vermis and C. amoenus be recognized as distinct species. Rossman (1973) cited intergrade populations as evidence that amoenus and vermis are conspecific. Separate species status was proposed by Collins (1991), but no supporting data were presented. Crother et al. (2000) followed Collins (1991) in listing C. vermis as a distinct species. Ernst et al. (2003) also treated amoenus and vermis as distinct species without refuting or mentioning Rossman's conclusion; they distinguished the taxa using differences in colouration." 63739,Carphophis vermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Carphophis,vermis,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1859)","Clark (1968) proposed that Carphophis vermis and C. amoenus be recognized as distinct species. Rossman (1973) cited intergrade populations as evidence that amoenus and vermis are conspecific. Separate species status was proposed by Collins (1991), but no supporting data were presented. Crother et al. (2000) followed Collins (1991) in listing C. vermis as a distinct species. Ernst et al. (2003) also treated amoenus and vermis as distinct species without refuting or mentioning Rossman's conclusion; they distinguished the taxa using differences in colouration." 63740,Cemophora coccinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Cemophora,coccinea,,,,,"(Blumenbach, 1788)","The subspecies Cemophora cocchinae lineri was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), but he did not present supporting data. This proposal has not been adopted by other authorities, including Collins and Taggart (2002). Crother et al. (2000) suggested that further study of variation in this species, particularly on both sides of the Mississippi embayment, likely would result in ""considerable taxonomic change""." 63741,Chersodromus liebmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Chersodromus,liebmanni,,,,,"Rheinhardt, 1860", 63742,Chersodromus rubriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Chersodromus,rubriventris,,,,,"Taylor, 1949", 63743,Chilomeniscus savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chilomeniscus,savagei,,,,,"Cliff, 1954", 63744,Chilomeniscus stramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chilomeniscus,stramineus,,,,,"Cope, 1860","Grismer et al. (2002) examined geographic variation in color and morphology in the genus Chilomeniscus and concluded that current evidence supports recognition of only two species: polymorphic C. stramineus and C. savagei (Isla Cerralvo, Baja California). Chilomensicus cinctus and C. punctatissimus were regarded as junior synonyms of C. stramineus." 63745,Chionactis occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chionactis,occipitalis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1854)","The present subspecific taxonomy appears to be based on colour pattern ecomorphs and probably does not reflect the evolutionary history of the species (Mahrdt et al. 2001). Chionactis occipitalis includes ""C. saxatilis,"" regarded here as a pattern class and synonym of C.o. annulata (see John Cross, 1978, Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Arizona, Mahrdt et al. 2001)." 63746,Chionactis palarostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chionactis,palarostris,,,,,"(Klauber, 1937)", 63747,Clonophis kirtlandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Clonophis,kirtlandii,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1856)",This snake was referred to as Natrix kirtlandi in older literature. 63749,Coniophanes alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,alvarezi,,,,,"Campbell, 1989", 63751,Coniophanes lateritius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,lateritius,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 63752,Coniophanes melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)",This species was elevated from a subspecies of Coniophanes lateritius to full species status by Ponce-Campos and Smith (2001). 63753,Coniophanes meridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,meridanus,,,,,"Schmidt & Andrews, 1936", 63756,Coniophanes sarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,sarae,,,,,"Ponce-Campos & Smith, 2001", 63759,Conophis morai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Conophis,morai,,,,,"Pérez-Higareda, López-Luna & Smith, 2002", 63761,Conopsis amphisticha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Conopsis,amphisticha,,,,,"Smith & Laufe, 1945", 63768,Dendrophidion vinitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,vinitor,,,,,"Smith, 1941","Cadle (2012) redescribed this species and restricted its distribution to southern Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. This author described two new species based on records previously attributed to D. vinitor: D. apharocybe (Honduras to Panama) and D. crybelium (Costa Rica)." 63769,Diadophis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Diadophis,punctatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","This species complex is treated here as a single species until there is resolution of the current taxonomic confusion.

This species is in need of further phylogenetic and taxonomic study. Available information suggests that multiple species may be represented and that several nominal subspecies do not represent unique evolutionary lineages (see commentary in Crother et al. 2000). For example, Pinou et al. (1995) examined geographic variation in serum albumin and concluded that Diadophis may comprise at least two genetically distinct species. Populations assigned to subspecies arnyi, amabilis, and occidentalis were distinct immunologically from eastern D. p. edwardsii. They pointed out the need for additional study of the taxonomic status and relationships among the nomimal taxa within Diadophis, especially subspecies regalis and dugesii (morphological data of Gehlbach [1974, Herpetologica 30: 140-148] indicate that arnyi and regalis intergrade over a broad section of central Texas). In ongoing genetic studies, Feldman (cited by Crother et al. 2000) found that the subspecies in California (amabilis, modestus, occidentalis, pulchellus, similis, and vandenburghii) are nearly indistinguishable.

Subspecies acricus was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991). Collins (1991) further proposed that the species punctatus be split into two species, D. punctatus (including the subspecies arnyi, edwardsii, regalis, punctatus, and stictogenys) and D. amabilis (including the subspecies modestus, occidentalis, pulchellus, similis, and vandenburghii). However, Collins did not present supporting data, and this proposal has not been adopted by others." 63771,Dipsas gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,gaigeae,,,,,"(Oliver, 1937)", 63772,Dipsas maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,maxillaris,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)","This is most likely a synonym of Dipsas elegans (Boulenger 1896). It was described from only one specimen and was synonymised with D. elegans by Amaral (1929) but this was not followed and it has since been included alongside D. elegans in herpetofaunal lists of Mexico. There have been no further specimens of this species collected and recent investigation of the holotype found it to be in such a poor condition that it was not possible to confirm whether it was or was not a synonym of D. elegans (Kofron 1982).

It is suspected that the only known specimen of this species originated from South America and not Tabasco, Mexico, from which it was reportedly collected." 63773,Drymarchon couperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymarchon,couperi,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1842)","While Drymarchon couperi has been generally recognized as a valid species since Collins et al. (1991), it appears never to have been formally elevated from within D. corais and is sometimes still listed as a subspecies of D. corais (e.g. Schäberle 2018).
Krysko et al. (2016) described Drymarchon kolpobasileus, encompassing the Gulf Coast population of D. couperi, on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Subsequently, Guyer et al. (2019) and Folt et al. (2019) examined material referred to the two species and were not able to confirm the presence of diagnosably distinct lineages with either morphological or molecular data, and formally proposed synonymising D. kolpobasilieus within D. couperi, although these authors appear not have compared the holotypes. While recognizing that taxonomic issues may be outstanding, this assessment follows Guyer et al.. (2019) in order to retain taxonomic stability." 63776,Enulius oligostichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Enulius,oligostichus,,,,,"Smith, Arndt & Sherbrooke, 1967", 63777,Eridiphas marcosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Eridiphas,marcosensis,,,,,"Ottley & Tanner, 1978","This taxon was elevated to species rank by Grismer (1999). However, further examination might indicate that it does not merit recognition as a separate species (Grismer 2002)." 63800,Geophis juliai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,juliai,,,,,"Pérez-Higareda, Smith & López-Luna, 2001", 63801,Geophis laticinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,laticinctus,,,,,"Smith & Williams, 1963", 63865,Pantherophis slowinskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,slowinskii,,,,,"(Burbrink, 2002)","Burbrink (2001) used cytochrome b sequences to examine phylogenetic relationships among E. guttata populations (one specimen from each of 53 locations throughout most of the range). He found no support for recognition of the nominal subspecies intermontanus and meahllmorum as distinct taxa; these appear to be junior synonyms of E. guttata emoryi. Burbrink identified three partitions of E. guttata: an eastern partition (east of the Mississippi River) corresponding to E. guttata guttata, a western partition corresponding to E. guttata emoryi (including E. g. intermontanus and E. g. meahllmorum), and a central partition in western Louisiana and eastern Texas. The central partition, in pine and pine-hardwood habitat west of the Mississippi River, clustered closer to the eastern partition than to the western partition. Burbrink recognized the three partitions as species using evolutionary species criteria: (1) Elaphe guttata (Red Corn Snake) (eastern partition ), (2) Elaphe emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake) (western partition), and (3) Elaphe slowinskii (Slowinski's Corn Snake) (central partition). One specimen (Hidalgo County, Texas) of the central partition (based on cytochrome b characteristics) was located outside the presumed geographic area and habitat identified for other members of that partition. Crother et al. (2003) adopted these changes. Ernst and Ernst (2003) recognized E. emoryi and E. guttata as distinct species, but their manuscript evidently was completed before Burbrink's paper was published; they did not comment on E. slowinskii.

Utiger et al. (2002) examined mtDNA variation in New World and Old World ""Elaphe"" and determined that North American rat snakes included in the genus Elaphe form a monophyletic lineage that is distinct from Old World snakes that also have been regarded as Elaphe. They resurrected the genus Pantherophis for the rat snakes north of Mexico, including the following species: Pantherophis obsoletus (and P. alleghaniensis and P. spiloides, if one recognizes those taxa as species), P. guttatus, P. emoryi, P. vulpinus, P. gloydi, and P. bairdi. Crother et al. (2003) noted this proposal but did not adopt it, pending further review. Burbrink and Lawson (2007) agreed with Utiger et al. (2002) that these species do not belong in Elaphe, but suggested that the genus Pantherophis might belong in Pituophis. We retain this species in Pantherophis, following Utiger et al. (2002) pending further information on the relationships of these taxa." 63802,Geophis laticollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,laticollaris,,,,,"Smith, Lynch & Altig, 1965",This species was formerly considered a synonym of Geophis sallei. 63803,Geophis latifrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,latifrontalis,,,,,"Garman, 1883", 63804,Geophis maculiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,maculiferus,,,,,"Taylor, 1941", 63867,Phyllorhynchus browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Phyllorhynchus,browni,,,,,"Stejneger, 1890", 63805,Geophis mutitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,mutitorques,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 63878,Pliocercus wilmarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pliocercus,wilmarai,,,,,"Smith, Pérez-Higareda & Chiszar, 1996","Some authorities treat this species as a subspecies of P. elapoides. (M.A. Lopez-Luna pers comm, 2005) but here we recognize it as a full species." 63879,Pseudelaphe flavirufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pseudelaphe,flavirufa,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)","The subspecies Pseudelaphe flavirufa phaescens on the northern Yucatan peninsula is considered a full species by some, but here it is treated as a subspecies following Lee (2000) based on the synonymy by Liner (1994)." 63807,Geophis nigrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,nigrocinctus,,,,,"Duellman, 1959", 63880,Pseudoficimia frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pseudoficimia,frontalis,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 63808,Geophis omiltemanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,omiltemanus,,,,,"Günther, 1893", 63881,Pseudoleptodeira latifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoleptodeira,latifasciata,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 63809,Geophis petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,petersii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 63882,Leptodeira uribei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,uribei,,,,,"(Ramírez-Bautista & Smith, 1992)", 63810,Geophis pyburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,pyburni,,,,,"Campbell & Murphy, 1977", 63812,Geophis russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,russatus,,,,,"Smith & Williams, 1966",This species is sometimes considered a form of Geophis sallaei. 63885,Regina grahamii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Regina,grahamii,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 63813,Geophis sallaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,sallaei,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894",This species is sometimes spelt Geophis sallei. 63814,Geophis semidoliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,semidoliatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 63887,Regina septemvittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Regina,septemvittata,,,,,"(Say, 1825)", 63815,Geophis sieboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,sieboldi,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)",There is some question regarding the taxonomic validity of this species. 63888,Rhadinaea bogertorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,bogertorum,,,,,"Myers, 1974", 63816,Geophis tarascae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,tarascae,,,,,"Hartweg, 1959", 63889,Rhadinaea cuneata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,cuneata,,,,,"Myers, 1974", 63817,Gyalopion canum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gyalopion,canum,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)", 63890,Rhadinaea flavilata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,flavilata,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 63818,Gyalopion quadrangulare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gyalopion,quadrangulare,,,,,"(Gunther, 1893)", 63891,Rhadinaea forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,forbesi,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 63819,Heterodon nasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Heterodon,nasicus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852","Crother et al. (2000) stated that ""the nominal races of H. nasicus undoubtedly represent arbitrarily delimited sections of continuous variation,"" yet Crother et al. (2003) listed Heterodon gloydi as a distinct species, citing comments in Werler and Dixon (2000). However, Werler and Dixon treated gloydi as a subspecies of H. nasicus. Smith et al. (2003) recommended that kennerlyi be recognized as a distinct species, but subsequent literature has been inconsistent in treating this taxon as either a full species (e.g. Crother et al. 2012, Wallach et al. 2014) or a subspecies of H. nasicus (e.g. Collins and Taggart 2009, Werning 2012). Pending further study, and for consistency with the previous assessment of this species, this assessment recognizes H. gloydi and H. kennerlyi as subspecies or synonyms of H. nasicus." 63892,Rhadinaea fulvivittis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,fulvivittis,,,,,"Cope, 1875", 63820,Heterodon platirhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Heterodon,platirhinos,,,,,"Latreille, 1801", 63821,Heterodon simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Heterodon,simus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 63894,Rhadinaea hesperia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,hesperia,,,,,"Bailey, 1940", 63822,Hypsiglena tanzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsiglena,tanzeri,,,,,"Dixon & Lieb, 1972", 63895,Rhadinella kanalchutchan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,kanalchutchan,,,,,"(Mendelson & Kizirian, 1995)",This species has been confused with Rhadinaea hempsteadae and R. godmani. 63823,Hypsiglena torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsiglena,torquata,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)","There have been various arrangements of species within this genus and undoubtedly the current arrangement followed here can be expected to change again in the near future.

The populations on Isla Partida Norte, in the Gulf of California, Mexico are sometimes considered to be a separate species (Grismer 1999, 2000)." 63825,Lampropeltis alterna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,alterna,,,,,"(Brown,1901)",This species was formerly included in L. mexicana (see Garstka 1982). 63898,Rhadinaea laureata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,laureata,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 63826,Lampropeltis calligaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,calligaster,,,,,"(Harlan, 1827)", 63899,Rhadinaea macdougalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,macdougalli,,,,,"Smith & Langebartel, 1950", 63827,Lampropeltis catalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,catalinensis,,,,,"Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921","It is possible that the one specimen that this species was described from is closely related to Lampropeltis gutula splendida, although it appears to be a distinct form (Grismer 2002). Taxonomic studies are needed to determine if this is a valid species." 63830,Lampropeltis mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,mexicana,,,,,"(Garman, 1884)", 63832,Lampropeltis ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,ruthveni,,,,,"Blanchard, 1920", 63833,Lampropeltis webbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,webbi,,,,,"Bryson, Dixon & Lazcano, 2005", 63836,Leptodeira maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,maculata,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 63838,Leptodeira punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,punctata,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)", 63839,Leptodeira splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,splendida,,,,,"Günther, 1895", 63840,Leptophis diplotropis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,diplotropis,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 63843,Manolepis putnami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Manolepis,putnami,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 63844,Masticophis anthonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,anthonyi,,,,,(Stejneger 1905), 63845,Masticophis aurigulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,aurigulus,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 63846,Masticophis barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,barbouri,,,,,(Van Denburgh & Slevin 1921), 63847,Masticophis bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,bilineatus,,,,,"Jan, 1863", 63848,Masticophis schotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,schotti,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)",This species formerly was included in Masticophis taeniatus. 63849,Masticophis slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,slevini,,,,,"Lowe & Norris, 1955", 63850,Masticophis taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,taeniatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1852)",Masticophis schotti formerly was included in this species (Camper and Dixon 1994). 63852,Nerodia clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,clarkii,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)","Nerodia clarkii formerly was included in N. fasciata. Allozyme data support separation of clarkii and fasciata as distinct species (Lawson et al. 1991). Nerodia clarkii may interbreed with N. fasciata in areas of distributional overlap; this may be related to habitat disturbance caused by humans or hurricanes (Lawson et al. 1991).

Three subspecies have been recognized (clarkii, compressicauda, and taeniata). Dunson (1979) lumped taeniata with compressicauda. Based on allozyme data, Lawson et al. (1991) resurrected taeniata as a valid subspecies, but the genetic distances used to support this action were quite small.

This species formerly was included in the genus Natrix." 63853,Nerodia cyclopion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,cyclopion,,,,,"(Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854)","Nerodia floridana formerly was included in N. cyclopion (see Lawson 1987, allozyme analyses)." 63854,Nerodia erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,erythrogaster,,,,,"(Forster, 1771)", 63855,Nerodia floridana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,floridana,,,,,"(Goff, 1936)",Nerodia floridana formerly was recognized as a subspecies of N. cyclopion; it was regarded as a distinct species by Lawson (1987) (allozyme analyses). Thompson and Crother (1998) found that the apparently disjunct northern and southern populations do not exhibit allozyme divergence. 63856,Nerodia rhombifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,rhombifer,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1852)", 63857,Nerodia taxispilota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Nerodia,taxispilota,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1842)", 63859,Opheodrys aestivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Opheodrys,aestivus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 63860,Pantherophis bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,bairdi,,,,,"(Yarrow, 1880)","This species formerly was included in E. obsoleta (Olson 1977). Electrophoretic data for specimens of bairdi and obsoleta from Texas are consistent with those expected for a single polytypic species, whereas morphological evidence suggests that hybridization between the two taxa is a rare event more characteristic of two species than of subspecies (Lawson and Leib 1990). Burbrink et al. (2000) and Burbrink (2001) examined genetic and morphological variation and concluded that E. bairdi and E. obsoleta are different species.

Utiger et al. (2002) examined mtDNA variation in New World and Old World ""Elaphe"" and determined that North American ratsnakes included in the genus Elaphe form a monophyletic limeage that is distinct from Old World snakes that also have been regarded as Elaphe. They resurrected the genus Pantherophis for the ratsnakes north of Mexico, including the following species: Pantherophis obsoletus (and P. alleghaniensis and P. spiloides, if one recognizes those taxa as species), P. guttatus, P. emoryi, P. vulpinus, P. gloydi, and P. bairdi. Crother et al. (2003) noted this proposal but did not adopt it, pending further review. Burbrink and Lawson (2007) agreed with Utiger et al. (2002) that these species do not belong in Elaphe, but suggested that the genus Pantherophis might belong in Pituophis. We retain this species in Pantherophis, following Utiger et al. (2002) pending further information of the relationships of these taxa." 63861,Pantherophis emoryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,emoryi,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)","Burbrink (2001) used cytochrome b sequences to examine phylogenetic relationships among E. guttata populations (one specimen from each of 53 locations throughout most of the range). He found no support for recognition of the nominal subspecies intermontanus and meahllmorum as distinct taxa; these appear to be junior synonyms of E. guttata emoryi. Burbrink identified three partitions of E. guttata: an eastern partition (east of the Mississippi River) corresponding to E. guttata guttata, a western partition corresponding to E. guttata emoryi (including E. g. intermontanus and E. g. meahllmorum), and a central partition in western Louisiana and eastern Texas. The central partition, in pine and pine-hardwood habitat west of the Mississippi River, clustered closer to the eastern partition than to the western partition. Burbrink recognized the three partitions as species using evolutionary species criteria: (1) Elaphe guttata (Red Corn Snake) (eastern partition ), (2) Elaphe emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake) (western partition), and (3) Elaphe slowinskii (Slowinski's Corn Snake) (central partition). One specimen (Hidalgo County, Texas) of the central partition (based on cytochrome b characteristics) was located outside the presumed geographic area and habitat identified for other members of that partition. Crother et al. (2003) adopted these changes. Ernst and Ernst (2003) recognized E. emoryi and E. guttata as distinct species, but their manuscript evidently was completed before Burbrink's paper was published; they did not comment on E. slowinskii.

Utiger et al. (2002) examined mtDNA variation in New World and Old World ""Elaphe"" and determined that North American rat snakes included in the genus Elaphe form a monophyletic lineage that is distinct from Old World snakes that also have been regarded as Elaphe. They resurrected the genus Pantherophis for the rat snakes north of Mexico, including the following species: Pantherophis obsoletus (and P. alleghaniensis and P. spiloides, if one recognizes those taxa as species), P. guttatus, P. emoryi, P. vulpinus, P. gloydi, and P. bairdi. Crother et al. (2003) noted this proposal but did not adopt it, pending further review. Burbrink and Lawson (2007) agreed with Utiger et al. (2002) that these species do not belong in Elaphe, but suggested that the genus Pantherophis might belong in Pituophis. We retain this species in Pantherophis, following Utiger et al. (2002) pending further information on the relationships of these taxa." 63868,Phyllorhynchus decurtatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Phyllorhynchus,decurtatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 63869,Pituophis catenifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pituophis,catenifer,,,,,"(Blainville, 1835)","Pituophis catenifer, P. melanoleucus, P. ruthveni, and P. vertebralis formerly were formerly regarded as conspecific (as P. melanoleucus), but were separated here (see Rodríguez-Robles and de Jesús-Escobar 2000)." 63870,Pituophis deppei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pituophis,deppei,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)", 63871,Pituophis insulanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pituophis,insulanus,,,,,(Klauber 1946), 63873,Pituophis melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pituophis,melanoleucus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","Pituophis catenifer, P. melanoleucus, P. ruthveni, and P. vertebralis were formerly regarded as conspecific (as. P. melanoleucus), but are separated here (see Rodríguez-Robles and de Jesús-Escobar 2000)." 63874,Pituophis ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pituophis,ruthveni,,,,,"Stull, 1929","Pituophis ruthveni formerly was included in P. melanoleucus. In recent years many authors have regarded the gopher snakes and bullsnake as a species (P. catenifer) distinct from the Pine Snake (P. melanoleucus) and Louisiana Pine Snake (P. ruthveni). This classification, though not unequivocally supported by available data, has been adopted in this database.

Reichling's (1995) analysis led him to concur that ruthveni is phenetically distinct and is a valid evolutionary species, though he referred to it consistently as P. m. ruthveni, probably in acknowledgment that the status of the nominal Pituophis subspecies still need further study.

Rodriguez-Robles and De Jesus-Escobar (2000) examined rangewide mtDNA variation in Pituophis and found two divergent, allopatric segments: (1) the lodingi-melanoleucus-mugitus eastern pinesnake clade and (2) the affinis-annectens-bimaris-catenifer-deserticola-sayi-ruthveni-vertebralis clade. These two clades were recognized as distinct species (P. melanoleucus and P. catenifer). The taxon ruthveni was also recognized as a distinct species because it is a diagnosable allopatric entity. However, it has strong genetic affinities to sayi - some ruthveni are more closely related to sayi than to other ruthveni. Thus P. ruthveni may not be monophyletic, which calls into question its status as a distinct species. Nevertheless, Crother et al. (2000) and Collins and Taggart (2002) accepted P. ruthveni as a distinct species. In contrast, Ernst and Ernst (2003) treated ruthveni as a subspecies of P. catenifer, emphasizing the closer relationship between ruthveni and catenifer than between ruthveni and P. melanoleucus." 63875,Pituophis vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pituophis,vertebralis,,,,,(Blainville 1835),"Pituophis catenifer, P. melanoleucus, P. ruthveni, and P. vertebralis formerly were formerly regarded as conspecific (as. P. melanoleucus), but were separated here (see Rodríguez-Robles and de Jesús-Escobar 2000)." 63876,Pliocercus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pliocercus,bicolor,,,,,"Smith, 1941",This is a complex of at least three species (L. Canseco-Márquez pers. comm.). 63962,Tantilla striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,striata,,,,,"Dunn, 1928", 63900,Rhadinaea marcellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,marcellae,,,,,"Taylor, 1949", 63963,Tantilla tayrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,tayrae,,,,,"Wilson, 1983", 63901,Rhadinaea montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,montana,,,,,"Smith, 1944", 63965,Tantilla wilcoxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,wilcoxi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1902", 63902,Rhadinaea myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,myersi,,,,,"Rossman, 1965", 63964,Tantilla triseriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,triseriata,,,,,"Smith & Smith, 1951", 63903,Rhadinaea omiltemana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,omiltemana,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 63966,Tantilla yaquia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,yaquia,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 63904,Rhadinaea quinquelineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,quinquelineata,,,,,"Cope, 1886", 63905,Rhadinella schistosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,schistosa,,,,,"Smith, 1941", 63978,Thamnophis errans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,errans,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 63906,Rhadinaea taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinaea,taeniata,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 63979,Thamnophis exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,exsul,,,,,"Rossman, 1969", 63907,Rhadinophanes monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinophanes,monticola,,,,,"Myers & Campbell, 1981", 63908,Rhinocheilus etheridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhinocheilus,etheridgei,,,,,Grismer 1990, 63981,Thamnophis godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,godmani,,,,,"(Günther, 1885)", 63909,Rhinocheilus lecontei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhinocheilus,lecontei,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 63982,Thamnophis melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,melanogaster,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 63910,Salvadora bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Salvadora,bairdi,,,,,"Jan, 1860", 63983,Thamnophis mendax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,mendax,,,,,"Walker, 1955", 63911,Salvadora grahamiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Salvadora,grahamiae,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 63984,Thamnophis nigronuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,nigronuchalis,,,,,"Thompson, 1957", 63912,Salvadora hexalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Salvadora,hexalepis,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)","The Big Bend Patchnose Snake, S. hexalepis deserticola, has been considered a distinct species (S. deserticola) by some authors. Crother et al. (2000) and Stebbins (2003) treated deserticola as a subspecies. We treat it here as a good species." 63985,Thamnophis ordinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,ordinoides,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)", 63913,Salvadora intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Salvadora,intermedia,,,,,"Hartweg, 1940", 63986,Thamnophis postremus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,postremus,,,,,"Rossmann, Ford & Seigel, 1996", 63914,Salvadora lemniscata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Salvadora,lemniscata,,,,,"(Cope, 1890)", 63987,Thamnophis pulchrilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,pulchrilatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 63915,Salvadora mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Salvadora,mexicana,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 63988,Thamnophis radix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,radix,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 63989,Thamnophis rossmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,rossmani,,,,,"Conant, 2000", 63990,Thamnophis rufipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,rufipunctatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 63991,Thamnophis sauritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,sauritus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 63919,Sibon linearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,linearis,,,,,"G. Perez-Higareda, M.A. Lopez-Luna & H.M. Smith, 2002", 63992,Thamnophis scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,scalaris,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 63993,Thamnophis scaliger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,scaliger,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 63921,Sonora aemula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Sonora,aemula,,,,,"(Cope, 1879)", 63994,Thamnophis sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,sumichrasti,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 63922,Sonora aequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Sonora,aequalis,,,,,"Smith & Taylor, 1945", 63995,Thamnophis valida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,valida,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1860)", 63923,Sonora michoacanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Sonora,michoacanensis,,,,,"Dugès in Cope, 1884", 63996,Trimorphodon tau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Trimorphodon,tau,,,,,"Cope, 1870", 63924,Sonora mutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Sonora,mutabilis,,,,,"Stickel, 1943", 63997,Trimorphodon vilkinsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Trimorphodon,vilkinsonii,,,,,"Cope, 1886","Using morphological data, LaDuc and Johnson (2003) reevaluated the status of T. biscutatus lambda and T. biscutatus vilkinsonii and concluded that the latter should be regarded as a distinct species (T. vilkinsonii). They found that specimens from Cochise County, Arizona, and Hidalgo County, New Mexico, deemed by Gehlbach as intermediate between T. b. lambda and T. b. vilkinsonii, instead should be regarded as T. b. lambda." 63925,Sonora semiannulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Sonora,semiannulata,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 63998,Tropidoclonion lineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidoclonion,lineatum,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1856)", 63999,Tropidodipsas annulifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodipsas,annulifera,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894","This species has previously been placed in the genus Sibon, but was transferred back to Tropidodipsas by Wallach (1995)." 63929,Storeria hidalgoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Storeria,hidalgoensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1942", 63930,Storeria occipitomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Storeria,occipitomaculata,,,,,"(Storer, 1839)", 63931,Storeria storerioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Storeria,storerioides,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 63932,Symphimus leucostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Symphimus,leucostomus,,,,,"Cope, 1869", 63934,Tantalophis discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tantalophis,discolor,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 63935,Tantilla atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,atriceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)","This species formerly was included as a subspecies of Tantilla planiceps, which at that time was circumscribed differently than it is today. The name Tantilla atriceps has been applied to various populations of other Tantilla species (e.g., Tantilla hobartsmithi). See Cole and Hardy (1981) for discussion of systematics." 63936,Tantilla bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,bocourti,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)", 63937,Tantilla briggsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,briggsi,,,,,"Savitzky & Smith, 1971", 63938,Tantilla calamarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,calamarina,,,,,"Cope, 1866", 63939,Tantilla cascadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,cascadae,,,,,"Wilson & Meyer, 1981", 63940,Tantilla coronadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,coronadoi,,,,,"Hartweg, 1944", 63941,Tantilla coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,coronata,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 63942,Tantilla cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,cucullata,,,,,"Minton, 1956","Dixon et al. (2000) examined geographic variation in Tantilla rubra and concluded that (1) T. miniator and T. morgani are synonyms of Tantilla rubra and (2) T. cucullata and T. diabola are synonymous and, as a single taxon (restricted to Texas), are specifically distinct from Tantilla rubra (now restricted to Mexico). Wilson et al. (2000) pointed out that T. miniator Cope 1863 is an older name than Tantilla rubra Cope 1875 (1876), but they used the latter name pending application to the ICZN to conserve the much more frequently used name (Tantilla rubra)." 63944,Tantilla deppei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,deppei,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1883)", 63945,Tantilla flavilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,flavilineata,,,,,"Smith & Burger, 1950", 63946,Tantilla gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,gracilis,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 63947,Tantilla hobartsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,hobartsmithi,,,,,"Taylor, 1936",Certain populations of this species formerly were referred to as Tantilla planiceps or Tantilla utahensis. See Cole and Hardy (1981) for the latest taxonomic revision. 63950,Tantilla johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,johnsoni,,,,,"Wilson, Vaughan & Dixon, 1999", 63952,Tantilla nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,nigriceps,,,,,"Kennicott, 1860", 63953,Tantilla oaxacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,oaxacae,,,,,"Wilson & Meyer, 1971", 63954,Tantilla oolitica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,oolitica,,,,,"Telford, 1966","Tantilla oolitica is morphologically similar to Tantilla coronata of northern Florida; it is geographically separated from coronata by the less similar T. relicta. Some have questioned whether T. oolitica warrants recognition as a distinct species, but it has been consistently treated as such in recent publications." 63955,Tantilla planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,planiceps,,,,,"(Blainville, 1835)","Cole and Hardy (1981) greatly changed the circumscription of this species. Populations east of California that were formerly included in Tantilla planiceps are now allocated to T. hobartsmithi, T. atriceps, or T. yaquia. Tantilla planiceps as currently defined includes T. eiseni, which was formerly recognized as a distinct species occurring in California and northern Baja California (see Cole and Hardy 1981)." 63956,Tantilla relicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,relicta,,,,,"Telford, 1966", 63957,Tantilla robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,robusta,,,,,"Canseco-Márquez, Mendelson & Gutierrez-Mayen, 2002", 63959,Tantilla sertula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,sertula,,,,,"Wilson & Campbell, 2000", 63960,Tantilla shawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,shawi,,,,,"Taylor, 1949", 63961,Tantilla slavensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,slavensi,,,,,"Pérez-Higareda, Smith & Smith, 1985", 63970,Thamnophis atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,atratus,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1860)","Rossman and Stewart (1987) recognized Thamnophis atratus and T. couchii as distinct species. They recommended that T. a. aquaticus not be recognized as a valid taxon (atratus, hydrophilus, and aquaticus formerly were recognized as subspecies of T. couchii). Rossman et al. (1996) and Boundy (1999) also did not recognize aquaticus as valid." 63971,Thamnophis brachystoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,brachystoma,,,,,"(Cope, 1892)", 63972,Thamnophis butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,butleri,,,,,"(Cope, 1889)", 63973,Thamnophis chrysocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,chrysocephalus,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 63974,Thamnophis couchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,couchii,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1859)","Thamnophis hammondii, T. gigas, and T. atratus (including subspecies hydrophilus and aquaticus) formerly were included in Thamnophis couchii but now are recognized as distinct species (Rossman et al. 1996; Crother et al. 2000, 2003; Ernst and Ernst 2003)." 63976,Thamnophis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,elegans,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 63977,Thamnophis eques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,eques,,,,,"(Reuss, 1834)", 64061,Callisaurus draconoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Callisaurus,draconoides,,,,,"Blainville, 1835", 64000,Tropidodipsas philippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodipsas,philippii,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)","This species has previously been placed in the genus Sibon, but was transferred to Tropidodipsas by Wallach (1995)." 64062,Cophosaurus texanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Cophosaurus,texanus,,,,,"Troschel, 1852",This species was formerly placed in the genus Holbrookia. 64001,Tropidodipsas repleta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodipsas,repleta,,,,,"Smith, Lemos-Espinal, Hartman & Chiszar, 2005", 64064,Holbrookia lacerata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Holbrookia,lacerata,,,,,"Cope, 1880","Subspecies subcaudalis was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), but no supporting data were presented." 64063,Holbrookia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Holbrookia,elegans,,,,,"Bocourt, 1874","Holbrookia elegans formerly was included in Holbrookia maculata. Phylogenetic relationships based on mtDNA data suggest that Holbrookia maculata as formerly recognized consists of more than one species (Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz 2000). Based on this and other corroborating evidence, Crother et al. (2003) listed Holbrookia maculata and Holbrookia elegans (comprising taxa formerly recognized as Holbrookia maculata elegans and H. m. thermophila) as distinct species. Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz (2000) stated that a more detailed study of geographic variation in Holbrookia is underway." 64003,Virginia valeriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Virginia,valeriae,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 64065,Holbrookia maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Holbrookia,maculata,,,,,"Girard, 1851","Holbrookia elegans formerly was included in Holbrookia maculata. Phylogenetic relationships based on mtDNA data suggest that Holbrookia maculata as formerly recognized consists of more than one species (Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz 2000). Based on this and other corroborating evidence, Crother et al. (2003) listed Holbrookia maculata and Holbrookia elegans (comprising taxa formerly recognized as Holbrookia maculata elegans and H. m. thermophila) as distinct species. Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz (2000) stated that a more detailed study of geographic variation in Holbrookia is underway." 64066,Holbrookia propinqua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Holbrookia,propinqua,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852", 64005,Crotaphytus antiquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,antiquus,,,,,"Axtell & Webb, 1995", 64077,Phrynosoma mcallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,mcallii,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1852)", 64006,Crotaphytus bicinctores,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,bicinctores,,,,,"Smith & Tanner, 1972","This species formerly was included in Crotaphytus collaris, and it also has been referred to as Crotaphytus insularis bicinctores. McGuire (1996) recognized C. bicinctores as a monotypic species. See Montanucci (1983) for information on hybridization with C. collaris in Arizona." 64078,Phrynosoma modestum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,modestum,,,,,"Girard, 1852", 64007,Crotaphytus collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,collaris,,,,,"(Say, 1823)","This species formerly included several closely related Crotaphytus species that are now recognized as distinct species. A phylogenetic analysis by McGuire (1996) concluded that C. collaris is monotypic; none of the nominal subspecies represent independent lineages, with the exception of nebrius, which McGuire recognized as a distinct species (C. nebrius). See Montanucci (1983) for information on hybridization with C. bicinctores in Arizona." 64079,Phrynosoma orbiculare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,orbiculare,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1789)", 64008,Crotaphytus dickersonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,dickersonae,,,,,"Schmidt, 1922",Crotaphytus dickersonae was formerly regarded as a subspecies of C. collaris. McGuire (1996) revised the taxonomy of the genus (based on morphology and allozyme data) and recognized C. dickersonae as a distinct species. 64009,Crotaphytus grismeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,grismeri,,,,,"McGuire, 1994", 64081,Phrynosoma solare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,solare,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 64010,Crotaphytus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,insularis,,,,,McGuire 1996, 64082,Phrynosoma taurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,taurus,,,,,"Dugés, 1868", 64011,Crotaphytus nebrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,nebrius,,,,,"Axtell & Montanucci, 1977",Crotaphytus nebrius was formerly regarded as a subspecies of C. collaris. McGuire (1996) revised the taxonomy of the genus (based on morphology and allozyme data) and recognized C. nebrius as a distinct species. 64083,Sceloporus adleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,adleri,,,,,"Smith & Savitzky, 1974", 64012,Crotaphytus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,reticulatus,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 64084,Sceloporus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,aeneus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828","Some uncertainty appears to remain concerning the taxonomic status of S. aeneus subniger (see: Guillette and Smith 1985, Sites et al. 1992, Flores-Villela 1993, Mink and Sites 1996, Wiens and Reeder 199, Bell et al. 2003). We follow Flores-Villela (1993) pending additional studies into the relationship between aeneus and subniger." 64013,Crotaphytus vestigium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Crotaphytus,vestigium,,,,,"Smith & Tanner, 1972","A phylogenetic analysis by McGuire (1996) concluded that Crotaphytus bicinctores, C. insularis (confined to Isla Angel de la Guarda, Mexico), and C. vestigium are distinct species; previously they had been regarded as conspecific in various combinations by some authors.

Crotaphytus fasciolatus Mocquard, 1903 is a senior synonym of C. vestigium Smith and Tanner 1972 but, because Mocquard's name has not been used for these lizards for several decades and has been regarded as a junior synonym of Gambelia wislizenii, the name Crotaphytus fasciolatus should be suppressed in order to maintain nomenclatural stability (McGuire 1996). McGuire (2000) formally proposed conservation of the name C. vestigium. Savage opposed this petition while Etheridge supported it (Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 58: 59-60, 2001). ICZN (2002) conserved the name C. vestigium and suppressed the name C. fasciolatus." 64085,Sceloporus anahuacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,anahuacus,,,,,"Lara-Gongora, 1983",This species (especially female animals) is frequently misidentified as S. grammicus microlepidotus. 64014,Gambelia copeii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Gambelia,copeii,,,,,"(Yarrow, 1882)","McGuire (1996) removed this taxon from subspecific status under Gambelia wislizenii and tentatively regarded it as a distinct species, G. copei, which should be rendered as G. copeii, since Yarrow used the -ii ending in the original description. McGuire (1996) presented a rationale for recognizing G. copeii as a distinct species rather than as a pattern class of Gambelia wislizenii. Further, he stated that electrophoretic analyses were planned to determine if there are significant genetic differences between Gambelia wislizenii and G. copeii in an area of narrow syntopy in Baja California." 64086,Sceloporus angustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,angustus,,,,,"(Dickerson, 1919)", 64015,Gambelia wislizenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CROTAPHYTIDAE,Gambelia,wislizenii,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)","This species formerly was included in the genus Crotaphytus. Gambelia copeii and G. sila formerly were included in this species (see McGuire 1996). McGuire (1996) pointed out that nominal subspecies exhibit broad zones of intergradation and that dorsal pattern classes of the nominal subspecies occur sporatically throughout the range of the species; hence subspecies punctata (or punctatus) and maculosa (or maculosus) were synonymized under G. wislizenii, the species thus being monotypic.

Orange et al. (1999) examined mtDNA data for range-wide samples and identified two major clades: western (Mojave, Great Basin, and Colorado Plateau deserts) and eastern (Chihuahuan Desert). A third, more divergent lineage with unknown geographic distribution was represented by a single haplotype from southwestern Arizona. The phylogeographic breaks were consistent with a model of late Pliocene/early Pleistocene vicariance." 64087,Sceloporus arenicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,arenicolus,,,,,"Degenhardt & Jones, 1972","This species formerly was regarded as a subspecies of Sceloporus graciosus (see Degenhardt et al. 1996). The specific name was misspelled ""arenicolous"" in the original description." 64016,Anelytropsis papillosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Anelytropsis,papillosus,,,,,"Cope, 1885", 64088,Sceloporus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,asper,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 64017,Micruroides euryxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micruroides,euryxanthus,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1860)", 64089,Sceloporus bicanthalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,bicanthalis,,,,,"Smith, 1937", 64018,Micrurus bernadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,bernadi,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)", 64019,Micrurus bogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,bogerti,,,,,"Roze, 1967", 64090,Sceloporus bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,bulleri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 64092,Sceloporus cautus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,cautus,,,,,"Smith, 1938", 64022,Micrurus distans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,distans,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1860)", 64093,Sceloporus chaneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,chaneyi,,,,,"Liner & Dixon, 1992", 64024,Micrurus ephippifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,ephippifer,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)", 64095,Sceloporus clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,clarkii,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852", 64025,Micrurus fulvius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,fulvius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Micrurus tener formerly was included as a subspecies of M. fulvius. Crother et al. (2000), Collins and Taggart (2002), and Campbell and Lamar (2004) recognized M. tener and M. fulvius as distinct species." 64096,Sceloporus couchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,couchii,,,,,"Baird, 1859", 64026,Micrurus laticollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,laticollaris,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 64097,Sceloporus cozumelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,cozumelae,,,,,"Jones, 1927", 64098,Sceloporus cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,cryptus,,,,,"Smith & Lynch, 1967", 64028,Micrurus limbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,limbatus,,,,,"Fraser, 1964", 64099,Sceloporus cyanostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,cyanostictus,,,,,"Axtell & Axtell, 1971", 64029,Micrurus nebularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,nebularis,,,,,"Roze, 1989", 64030,Micrurus pachecogili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,pachecogili,,,,,"Campbell, 2000", 64031,Micrurus proximans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,proximans,,,,,"Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958", 64032,Micrurus tamaulipensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,tamaulipensis,,,,,"Lavin-Murcio & Dixon, 2004", 64033,Micrurus tener,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,tener,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)","Micrurus tener formerly was included as a subspecies of M. fulvius. Crother et al. (2000), Collins and Taggart (2002), and Campbell and Lamar (2004) recognized M. tener and M. fulvius as distinct species." 64034,Coleonyx brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,brevis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1893","For many years Coleonyx geckos were placed in the family Gekkonidae. In a cladistic analysis of the Gekkonoidea, Kluge (1987) placed the genus Coleonyx in the family Eublepharidae (subfamily Eublepharinae), recognized as distinct from the Gekkonidae. Bartlett and Bartlett (1999), Grismer (2002), and Stebbins (2003) likewise placed Coleonyx in the Eublepharidae, whereas Dixon (2000) retained Coleonyx in the Gekkonidae." 64035,Coleonyx fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,fasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)","There is some controversy as to whether or not animals in the northern part of the mapped range genuinely belong to this species (D. Frost pers. comm.). For many years Coleonyx geckos were placed in the family Gekkonidae. In a cladistic analysis of the Gekkonoidea, Kluge (1987) placed the genus Coleonyx in the family Eublepharidae (subfamily Eublepharinae), recognized as distinct from the Gekkonidae. Bartlett and Bartlett (1999), Grismer (2002), and Stebbins (2003) likewise placed Coleonyx in the Eublepharidae, whereas Dixon (2000) retained Coleonyx in the Gekkonidae." 64036,Coleonyx gypsicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,gypsicolus,,,,,"Grismer & Ottlery, 1988","We follow Grismer (2002) in recognizing the Coleonyx on Isla San Marcos, Gulf of California (C. gypsicolus), as a separate species from C. switaki, contra Stebbins (2003)." 64037,Coleonyx reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,reticulatus,,,,,"Davis & Dixon, 1958","For many years Coleonyx geckos were placed in the family Gekkonidae. In a cladistic analysis of the Gekkonoidea, Kluge (1987) placed the genus Coleonyx in the family Eublepharidae (subfamily Eublepharinae), recognized as distinct from the Gekkonidae. Bartlett and Bartlett (1999), Grismer (2002), and Stebbins (2003) likewise placed Coleonyx in the Eublepharidae, whereas Dixon (2000) retained Coleonyx in the Gekkonidae." 64038,Coleonyx switaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,switaki,,,,,"(Murphy, 1974)","This species formerly was placed in the genus Anarbylus.

For many years Coleonyx geckos were included in the family Gekkonidae. In a cladistic analysis of the Gekkonoidea, Kluge (1987) placed the genus Coleonyx in the family Eublepharidae (subfamily Eublepharinae), recognized as distinct from the Gekkonidae. Bartlett and Bartlett (1999), Grismer (2002), and Stebbins (2003) likewise placed Coleonyx in the Eublepharidae, whereas Dixon (2000) retained Coleonyx in the Gekkonidae.

See Grismer and Ottley (1988) for an analysis of geographic variation." 64039,Coleonyx variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Coleonyx,variegatus,,,,,"(Baird, 1858)","For many years Coleonyx geckos were placed in the family Gekkonidae. In a cladistic analysis of the Gekkonoidea, Kluge (1987) placed the genus Coleonyx in the family Eublepharidae (subfamily Eublepharinae), recognized as distinct from the Gekkonidae. Grismer (2002) and Stebbins (2003) likewise placed Coleonyx in the Eublepharidae, whereas Dixon (2000) retained Coleonyx in the Gekkonidae." 64040,Phyllodactylus bordai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,bordai,,,,,"Taylor, 1942", 64041,Phyllodactylus bugastrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,bugastrolepis,,,,,Dixon (1966), 64042,Phyllodactylus davisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,davisi,,,,,"Dixon, 1964", 64043,Phyllodactylus delcampoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,delcampoi,,,,,"Mosauer, 1936", 64044,Phyllodactylus duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,duellmani,,,,,"Dixon, 1960", 64045,Phyllodactylus homolepidurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,homolepidurus,,,,,"Smith, 1935", 64046,Phyllodactylus lanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,lanei,,,,,"Smith, 1935", 64047,Phyllodactylus muralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,muralis,,,,,"Taylor, 1940", 64048,Phyllodactylus partidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,partidus,,,,,Dixon 1966, 64049,Phyllodactylus paucituberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,paucituberculatus,,,,,"Dixon, 1960", 64050,Phyllodactylus unctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,unctus,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 64051,Phyllodactylus xanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,xanti,,,,,"Cope, 1863","Dixon (1966) regarded as distinct subspecies Phyllodactylus xanti acroius from Isla San Diego; P. d. angulus from Islas Salsipuedes, San Lorenzo Norte, and San Lorenzo Sur; P. x. circus from Isla San Ildefonso; P. x. coronatus from Isla Coronados; and P. x. estebanensis from Isla San Esteban, Tiburon, and Alcatraz. However, Grismer (2002) believed that the differences between these forms and adjacent peninsular P. xanti are so subtle and variable that they cannot be recognized even as pattern classes.

Dixon (1966) also regarded populations from the islands Angel de la Guarda, Mejía and Pond as a separate species Phyllodactylus angelensis; and populations from the islands of Animas, Santa Cruz and La Rasa as P. apricus, P. satacruzensis and P. tinklei respectively. However, we follow Grismer (1999) in considering all of these as synonyms of P. xanti.

Phyllodactylus xanti nocticolus and P. x. xanti have been treated as distinct species by some authors, but Grismer (2002) identified a broad zone of intergradation between these nominal taxa and treated them as pattern classes of P. xanti. Stebbins (2003) also regarded them as conspecific (subspecies). They are considered in this assessment to also be subspecies." 64054,Sauromalus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Sauromalus,ater,,,,,"Duméril, 1856","

Prior to Hollingsworth (1998), Sauromalus ater was partitioned among three morphologically variable species: S. obesus with four subspecies, S. australis, and S. ater with two subspecies. Based on a lack of fixed morphologically diagnosable characters between species and subspecies, Hollingsworth (1998) synonomyzed S. obesus and S. australis with S. ater, the oldest available name in the genus. The usage of the name “S. obesus” rather than “S. ater” was petitioned due to the extensive use of the former in the scientific literature. However, the International Committee of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) ruled that the name S.ater Duméril, 1856 had precedence over the name S.obesus (Baird, 1858) (Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 61: 74-75). Thus, five species are recognized within Sauromalus: S. ater and the insular endemics S. klauberi, S. slevini, S. hispidus, and S. varius. 

The first molecular phylogenetic studies on Sauromalus (Petren and Case, 1997, 2002) demonstrated strong support for multiple mtDNA (cytochrome-b) clades within S. ater rather than support for one single, widespread species. These clades corresponded to an eastern/northern clade encompassing the continental United States and Sonora, Mexico, and northern and southern Baja California peninsula clades. The most recent phylogenetic study on S. ater using double-digest Restriction-Associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq; Sumarli, 2020) confirmed the presence of at least two major lineages within S. ater, peninsular and continental groups, that diverged in northern Baja California. Based on strong support from multispecies coalescent-based and modern phylogenetic analyses, Sumarli (2020) suggested these two major lineages should be recognized as distinct species. Within the continental lineage especially, Sumarli (2020) identified substantial phylogeographic substructure corresponding to the different desert regions in southwestern North America requiring further investigation with more extensive geographic sampling.

" 64055,Rena bressoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,bressoni,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)", 64056,Rena dissecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,dissecta,,,,,"(Cope, 1896)","Dixon and Vaughan (2003) examined morphological variation in 867 individuals of Mexican and US Leptotyphlops allied with L. dulcis and concluded that L. dissectus, L. dulcis, and L. myopicus (a Mexican species) should be regarded as distinct species. Formerly dissectus and myopicus were treated as subspecies of L. dulcis. Crother et al. (2003) adopted this taxonomic revision." 64057,Rena dulcis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,dulcis,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853","Dixon and Vaughan (2003) examined morphological variation in 867 individuals of Mexican and US Leptotyphlops allied with L. dulcis and concluded that L. dissectus, L. dulcis, and L. myopicus (a Mexican species) should be regarded as distinct species. Formerly dissectus and myopicus were treated as subspecies of L. dulcis. Crother et al. (2003) adopted this taxonomic revision." 64059,Rena maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,maxima,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 64067,Petrosaurus mearnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Petrosaurus,mearnsi,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1894)",This species formerly was included in the genus Streptosaurus. See Aguilars-S. et al. (1988) for information on genetic variability in the genus Petrosaurus. 64068,Petrosaurus repens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Petrosaurus,repens,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1895)", 64069,Petrosaurus slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Petrosaurus,slevini,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1922)", 64070,Petrosaurus thalassinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Petrosaurus,thalassinus,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 64071,Phrynosoma braconnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,braconnieri,,,,,"Duméril & Bocourt, 1870", 64072,Phrynosoma cornutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,cornutum,,,,,"(Harlan, 1825)", 64073,Phrynosoma coronatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,coronatum,,,,,"(Blainville, 1835)","Some literature of the mid-1900s regarded the coronatum-blainvillii complex as comprising two species. Stebbins (1985, 2003) did not recognize any subspecies of P. coronatum. Grismer and Mellink (1994) concluded that P. cerroense lacks discrete diagnostic characteristics and should not be recognized as a species. Brattstrom (1997) examined morphological variation and also determined that P. cerroense should be included in P. coronatum; furthermore, he concluded that there are no valid subspecies of P. coronatum. Grismer (2002) treated the named subspecies of P. coronatum as pattern classes rather than as valid taxa. In a morphological study, Montanucci (2004) concluded that P. coronatum should be split into four species (P. blainvillii, P. cerroense, P. coronatum, and P. wigginsi), with P. blainvillii in the United States and the northern half of Baja California, and the three other species in Baja California. Given the disparity among the conclusions from morphological studies, genetic data are needed in order to determine whether or not P. coronatum (sensu Stebbins 2003) represents multiple species.

Reeder and Montanucci (2001) examined phylogenetic relationships of horned lizards (Phrynosoma) based on mtDNA and morphology. They did not consider phylogenetic patterns within P. coronatum.

Leaché and McGuire (2006) report that ""a thorough analysis of the P. coronatum group based on mtDNA and nuclear data is currently underway""." 64074,Phrynosoma ditmarsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,ditmarsi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1906", 64075,Phrynosoma douglasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,douglasii,,,,,"(Bell, 1828)","Zamudio et al. (1997) examined mtDNA variation in short-horned lizards throughout western North America and concluded that the Pacific Northwest segment of the population should be recognized as a species (P. douglasii) distinct from the species (P. hernandesi) represented in the remainder of the range. In addition, there was no support for the recognition of any of the nominal subspecies; thus each species is best regarded as monotypic. See Hammerson and Smith (1991) for information on the correct spelling of the specific name (formerly douglassi). The specific name is here spelled with a double-i ending, since that is how it was rendered in the original description." 64076,Phrynosoma hernandesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,hernandesi,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)","Zamudio et al. (1997) examined mtDNA variation in short-horned lizards throughout western North America and concluded that the Pacific Northwest segment of the population should be recognized as a species (P. douglasii) distinct from the species (P. hernandesi) represented in the remainder of the range. In addition, there was no support for the recognition of any of the nominal subspecies; thus each species is best regarded as monotypic." 64160,Sceloporus woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,woodi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1918","In the past, some authors have questioned whether S. woodi is sufficiently differentiated from S. undulatus to be considered a distinct species. More recently, S. woodi has been rather consistently recognized as a distinct species." 64161,Sceloporus zosteromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,zosteromus,,,,,"Cope, 1863","This species was separated from Scelophorus magister by Grismer and McGuire (1996). S. zosteromus now comprises what was formerly considered S. rufidorsum, S. monserratensis, and S. zosteromus (Grismer and McGuire 1996)." 64100,Sceloporus dugesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,dugesii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873", 64163,Uma notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uma,notata,,,,,"Baird, 1858","Based on electrophoretic analyses, Adest (1977) concluded that Uma scoparia, Uma notata and Uma inornata comprise a single species (Uma notata). Stebbins (1985, 2003) maintained the three taxa as distinct species. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences indicate that Uma notata rufopunctata is more closely related to Uma inornata than to Uma notata notata (Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz 2000, Trepanier and Murphy 2001). Trepanier and Murphy (2001) concluded that for the northern species of Uma existing data support either a two-species arrangement (Uma scoparia, Uma notata) or five-species classification (Uma scoparia, Uma notata, Uma inornata, and Uma rufopunctata, plus an undescribed species from Mohawk Dunes, Arizona). Trepanier and Murphy prefered the latter arrangement and stated that a description of the Mohawk Dunes species is in progress. Crother et al. (2003) adopted the taxonomy preferred by Trepanier and Murphy, and this is followed here.

Heifetz (1941) described Uma notata cowlesi from Tecopa Bay, Sonora, but this subspecies was not regarded as worthy of recognition by Norris (1958) and Pough (1977)." 64101,Sceloporus edwardtaylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,edwardtaylori,,,,,"Smith, 1936", 64162,Uma exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uma,exsul,,,,,"Schmidt & Bogert, 1947", 64102,Sceloporus exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,exsul,,,,,"Dixon, Ketchersid & Lieb, 1972", 64164,Uma paraphygas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uma,paraphygas,,,,,"Williams, Chrapliwy & Smith, 1959", 64103,Sceloporus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,formosus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1834",This species comprises two subspecies which will be elevated to full species in the near future (L. Canseco-Márquez pers. comm.). 64165,Uma rufopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uma,rufopunctata,,,,,"Cope, 1895","Uma rufopunctata formerly was regarded as a subspecies of Uma notata. Based on electrophoretic analyses, Adest (1977) concluded that Uma scoparia, Uma notata, and Uma inornata comprise a single species (Uma notata) (Adest 1977). Stebbins (1985, 2003) maintained the three taxa as distinct species. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences indicate that Uma notata rufopunctata is more closely related to Uma inornata than to Uma notata notata (Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz 2000, Trepanier and Murphy 2001). Trepanier and Murphy (2001) concluded that for the northern species of Uma existing data support either a two-species arrangement (Uma scoparia, Uma notata) or five-species classification (Uma scoparia, Uma notata, Uma inornata, and Uma rufopunctata, plus an undescribed species from Mohawk Dunes, Arizona). Trepanier and Murphy prefered the latter arrangement and stated that a description of the Mohawk Dunes species is in progress. Crother et al. (2003) adopted the taxonomy preferred by Trepanier and Murphy. Uma rufopunctata encompasses the nominal subspecies cowlesi, which has been regarded as invalid by most authorities subsequent to its description in 1941." 64104,Sceloporus gadoviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,gadoviae,,,,,"Bouleger, 1905", 64176,Uta lowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uta,lowei,,,,,"Grismer, 1994", 64105,Sceloporus goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,goldmani,,,,,"Smith, 1937", 64177,Uta nolascensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uta,nolascensis,,,,,"Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921", 64106,Sceloporus graciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,graciosus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852","Sceloporus arenicolus formerly was included in this species (see discussion in Degenhardt et al. 1996).

Collins (1991, 1997) and Collins and Taggart (2002) listed subspecies vandenburgianus of southern California and Baja California as a distinct species, but they did not provide any data to support this treatment. Wiens and Reeder (1997) also listed this lizard as a species but again did not specifically address taxonomic status. Crother et al. (2000) briefly commented on the proposal to treat vandenburgianus as a species but retained it as a subspecies of S. graciosus. We follow Grismer (2002) in treating S. vandenburgianus as a species distinct from S. graciosus.

See Sites et al. (1992) for a review of phylogenetic hypotheses for lizards of the genus Sceloporus." 64178,Uta palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uta,palmeri,,,,,"Stejneger, 1890", 64107,Sceloporus grammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,grammicus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828",Taxonomy of the Sceloporus grammicus complex has not been fully resolved. The specific and subspecific names currently applied to the taxa in the United States may prove to be incorrect (Crother et al. 2000). 64179,Uta squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uta,squamata,,,,,"Dickerson, 1919", 64108,Sceloporus grandaevus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,grandaevus,,,,,"(Dickerson, 1919)", 64180,Uta stansburiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uta,stansburiana,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852","See Upton and Murphy (1997) for a phylogeny of Uta based on mtDNA sequences. These data suggest that U. stansburiana from the islands of Angel de la Guarda, Mejia, and Raza should be recognized as a distinct species. However, Grismer (2002) retained these populations in U. stansburiana.

Subspecies stejnegeri (southeastern Arizona to western Texas and southward into north-central Mexico) was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), but Collins did not present supporting data. Stebbins (2003) did not recognize any subspecies.

We follow Grismer (2002) in considering animals on Isla Cedros, formerly considered to be an endemic species U. concinna, as belonging to U. stansburiana.

We follow Grismer (2002) by assigning populations of Uta from Carmen, Danzante, and Coronado Islands in the Gulf of California to the name Uta stansburiana, rather than to the name Uta mannophora Dickerson, 1919, which is presumably a synonym of Uta stansburiana." 64109,Sceloporus halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,halli,,,,,"Dasman & Smith, 1974", 64181,Uta tumidarostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uta,tumidarostra,,,,,"Grismer, 1994", 64182,Anolis adleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,adleri,,,,,"Smith, 1972","The taxonomic status of Anolis adleri is unclear, and it may represent a synonym of Anolis liogaster (Lieb 1981)." 64110,Sceloporus heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,heterolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 64183,Anolis alvarezdeltoroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,alvarezdeltoroi,,,,,"Nieto Montes de Oca, 1996", 64111,Sceloporus horridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,horridus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1834", 64184,Anolis anisolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,anisolepis,,,,,"Smith, Burley & Fritts, 1968", 64112,Sceloporus hunsakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,hunsakeri,,,,,"Hall & Smith, 1979", 64185,Anolis baccatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,baccatus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873","The taxonomic status of Anolis baccatus appears to be unclear and requires further investigation (see: Fitch and Henderson 1973,Lieb, 1981, Nieto-Montes de Oca 1996)." 64113,Sceloporus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,insignis,,,,,"Webb, 1967", 64186,Anolis barkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,barkeri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1939)", 64187,Anolis breedlovei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,breedlovei,,,,,"Smith & Paulson, 1968", 64115,Sceloporus jalapae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,jalapae,,,,,"Günther, 1980", 64189,Anolis compressicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,compressicauda,,,,,"Smith & Kerster, 1955", 64117,Sceloporus lemosespinali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,lemosespinali,,,,,"Lara-Góngora, 2004","Until the recent publication by Lara-Góngora (2004), populations of Sceloporus lemosespinali were included within S. grammicus." 64118,Sceloporus licki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,licki,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1895", 64191,Anolis cuprinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cuprinus,,,,,"Smith, 1964", 64119,Sceloporus lineatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,lineatulus,,,,,"Dickerson, 1919", 64192,Anolis cymbops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cymbops,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 64193,Anolis duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,duellmani,,,,,"(Fitch & Henderson, 1973)", 64121,Sceloporus macdougalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,macdougalli,,,,,"Smith & Bumzahem, 1953", 64194,Anolis dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,dunni,,,,,"Smith, 1933", 64122,Sceloporus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,maculosus,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 64195,Anolis forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,forbesi,,,,,"Smith & Van Gelder, 1955",This species is known only from the holotype. It is suspected to be a senior synonym of A. quercorum; further taxonomic work is needed to resolve this issue (G. Santos-Barrera pers. comm.). 64123,Sceloporus magister,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,magister,,,,,"Hallowell, 1854","Grismer and McGuire (1996) evaluated data on karyotypes, allozymes, and color pattern of populations from Mexico, Arizona, California, and New Mexico. They concluded that the Sceloporus magister complex is composed of three species: S. zosteromus (endemic to Baja California and comprising what was formerly considered S. rufidorsum, S. monserratensis, and S. zosteromus), S. lineatulus (Isla Santa Catalina, Mexico), and S. magister, which was regarded as monotypic. Grismer and McGuire recommended that the several nominal S. magister subspecies be recognized only as informal pattern or convenience classes, not as formal subspecies." 64196,Anolis gadovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gadovi,,,,,Boulenger 1905, 64124,Sceloporus megalepidurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,megalepidurus,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 64197,Anolis hobartsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,hobartsmithi,,,,,"Nieto-Montes de Oca, 2001", 64198,Anolis boulengerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,boulengerianus,,,,,"Thominot, 1887", 64126,Sceloporus merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,merriami,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 64199,Anolis liogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,liogaster,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 64127,Sceloporus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,minor,,,,,"Cope, 1885", 64128,Sceloporus mucronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,mucronatus,,,,,"Cope, 1885", 64129,Sceloporus nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,nelsoni,,,,,"Cochran, 1923", 64130,Sceloporus oberon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,oberon,,,,,"Smith & Brown, 1941",We follow Wiens et al. (1999) in recognizing S. oberon at the species level. 64131,Sceloporus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,occidentalis,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852", 64132,Sceloporus ochoterenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,ochoterenae,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 64133,Sceloporus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,olivaceus,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 64134,Sceloporus orcutti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,orcutti,,,,,"Stejneger, 1893", 64135,Sceloporus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,ornatus,,,,,"Baird, 1859","Martinez-Mendez and Mendez-de la Cruz (2007) recommended elevating the subspecies Sceloporus ornatus caeruleus to specific status. These authors noted however that ""The phylogenetic relationships of S. o. caeruleus are still not satisfactorily resolved""." 64136,Sceloporus palaciosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,palaciosi,,,,,"Lara-Góngora, 1983", 64137,Sceloporus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,parvus,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 64138,Sceloporus poinsettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,poinsettii,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852", 64139,Sceloporus pyrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,pyrocephalus,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 64140,Sceloporus salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,salvini,,,,,"Günther, 1890", 64141,Sceloporus samcolemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,samcolemani,,,,,"Smith & Hall, 1974", 64142,Sceloporus scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,scalaris,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828", 64145,Sceloporus slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,slevini,,,,,"Smith, 1937", 64147,Sceloporus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,smithi,,,,,"Hartweg & Oliver, 1937", 64148,Sceloporus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,spinosus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828", 64149,Sceloporus stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,stejnegeri,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 64150,Sceloporus subpictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,subpictus,,,,,Lynch & Smith 1965, 64151,Sceloporus sugillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,sugillatus,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 64153,Sceloporus tanneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,tanneri,,,,,"Smith & Larsen, 1975", 64155,Sceloporus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,torquatus,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828", 64156,Sceloporus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,undulatus,,,,,"(Bosc & Daudin in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801)","Sceloporus undulatus is morphologically highly variable (Stebbins 1985, Conant and Collins 1991, Hammerson 1999). Leaché and Reeder (2002) examined range-wide mtDNA variation and identified at least four apparently monophyletic (but morphologically highly variable) groups, which they proposed as species under the evolutionary species concept (Eastern group: east of Mobile Bay; Central group: east of the Rockies and west of Mobile Bay; Western group: southern Wyoming to central Arizona and northern New Mexico; Southwestern group: eastern Arizona and central New Mexico to northern Mexico and western Texas). All of the groups are discordant with recognized subspecies circumscriptions. For example, the Central group encompasses six nominal subspecies ranging from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado to the Gulf Coast of southern Mississippi. Populations of the morphologically distinctive subspecies erythrocheilus in central Colorado grouped with subspecies garmani (Central group) rather than with populations of erythrocheilus in south-central Colorado (Western group). Leaché and Reeder (2002) tentatively proposed the following names: eastern group, S. undulatus; central group, S. consobrinus; western group, S. tristichus; southwestern group, S. cowlesi. However, Leaché and Reeder identified no diagnostic characters for any of the proposed species, and the distributions of proposed species were only coarsely mapped and do not correspond closely with the distributions of previously recognized subspecies, leaving in doubt the specific identities of many Sceloporus populations.

Miles et al. (2002) examined allozyme variation (24 loci from 12 populations, 6 of the 11 recognized subspecies, plus 3 additional species and an outgroup species). Phylogenetic trees were inconsistent with current subspecific designations. Additionally, S. occidentalis, S. virgatus, and S. woodi arose within S. undulatus. The subspecies S. u. hyacithinus and S. u. undulatus are polyphyletic, and S. u. garmani and S. u. tristichus are paraphyletic. Two major lineages were identified: (1) a midwestern grasslands group (includes a population from St. Louis County, Missouri) and (2) various populations from eastern woodlands and western canyonlands.

Further integrated study of morphological and genetic variation, and more detailed genetic examination of various geographic areas, are needed before a well-founded, geographically comprehensive taxonomic revision of the S. undulatus group can be made (e.g., see Niewiarowski et al. 2004)." 64157,Sceloporus utiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,utiformis,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 64158,Sceloporus vandenburgianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,vandenburgianus,,,,,"Cope, 1896",We follow Grismer (2002) in treating Sceloporus vandenburgianus as a species distinct from S. graciosus. 64159,Sceloporus virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,virgatus,,,,,"Smith, 1938", 64166,Uma scoparia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uma,scoparia,,,,,"Cope, 1894","Based on electrophoretic analyses, Adest (1977) concluded that Uma scoparia, Uma notata, and Uma inornata comprise a single species (Uma notata) (Adest 1977). Stebbins (1985, 2003) maintained the three taxa as distinct species. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from mtDNA sequences indicate that Uma notata rufopunctata is more closely related to Uma inornata than to Uma notata notata (Wilgenbusch and de Queiroz 2000, Trepanier and Murphy 2001). Trepanier and Murphy (2001) concluded that for the northern species of Uma existing data support either a two-species arrangement (Uma scoparia, Uma notata) or five-species classification (Uma scoparia, Uma notata, Uma inornata, and Uma rufopunctata, plus an undescribed species from Mohawk Dunes, Arizona). Trepanier and Murphy prefered the latter arrangement and stated that a description of the Mohawk Dunes species is in progress. Crother et al. (2003) adopted the taxonomy preferred by Trepanier and Murphy." 64167,Urosaurus auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,auriculatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 64168,Urosaurus bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,bicarinatus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)", 64169,Urosaurus clarionensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,clarionensis,,,,,"(Townsend, 1890)", 64170,Urosaurus gadovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,gadovi,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1921)", 64171,Urosaurus graciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,graciosus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1854", 64172,Urosaurus lahtelai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,lahtelai,,,,,"Rau & Loomis, 1977", 64173,Urosaurus nigricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,nigricaudus,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)","Based on patterns of morphological variation, Aguirre-L. et al. (1999) and Grismer (1999) concluded that Urosaurus microscutatus is a junior synonym of U. nigricaudus. Crother et al. (2003) adopted this taxonomy and applied the name Baja California Brush Lizard to the single species. Grismer (2002) and Stebbins (2003) called it the Black-tailed Brush Lizard." 64174,Urosaurus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Urosaurus,ornatus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)", 64175,Uta encantadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Uta,encantadae,,,,,"Grismer, 1994", 64261,Aspidoscelis danheimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,danheimae,,,,,"(Burt, 1929)",We follow Grismer (2002) in treating this as a species distinct from Aspidoscelis hyperythra. 64200,Anolis macrinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,macrinii,,,,,"Smith, 1968", 64201,Anolis megapholidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,megapholidotus,,,,,"Smith, 1933", 64264,Aspidoscelis exsanguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,exsanguis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1956)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

This species is a parthenogenetic allotriploid of hybrid origin. Allozyme and mDNA data indicate that C. exsanguis probably arose by the hybridization of C. septemvittatus or C. scalaris with an allodiploid intermediate form (or forms) created by one or more earlier hybridization events involving a male C. inornatus and a female C. costatus or C. burti stictogrammus (see Stuart 1991). Putative similarity to C. flagellicaudus and C. sonorae is overrated according to Frost and Wright (1988). This species formerly was included in other species of the sexlineatus species group. See Stuart (1991) for a review of the nomenclatural history of this species." 64202,Anolis microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,microlepidotus,,,,,"Davis, 1954", 64263,Aspidoscelis espiritensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,espiritensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921)", 64203,Anolis microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,microlepis,,,,,"Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956", 64265,Aspidoscelis flagellicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,flagellicauda,,,,,"(Lowe & Wright, 1964)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

This species was previously confused with C. exsanguis and C. sonorae (Behler and King 1979). It appears to comprise a complex of groups having different origins through hybridization (Frost and Wright 1988)." 64204,Anolis milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,milleri,,,,,"Smith, 1950", 64266,Aspidoscelis franciscensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,franciscensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921)", 64205,Anolis naufragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,naufragus,,,,,"(Campbell, Hillis & Lamar, 1989)", 64276,Aspidoscelis mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,mexicana,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 64206,Anolis nebuloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,nebuloides,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873", 64207,Anolis nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,nebulosus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 64278,Aspidoscelis neomexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,neomexicana,,,,,"(Lowe & Zweifel, 1952)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

This species is a parthenogen, derived through hybridization between A. (tigris) marmorata and A. inornata (Frost and Wright 1988, Cole et al. 1988). It exhibits low clonal diversity (Parker and Selander 1984). See Cole et al. (1988) for a discussion of the origin of two atypical electrophoretically distinct clones.

Cnemidophorus perplexus is a senior synonym of A. neomexicana (the lectotype of perplexus evidently is not a hybrid (Taylor and Walker, 1996). To promote nomenclatural stability, Smith et al. (1997), including Walker, proposed to the ICZN that C. neomexicanus be conserved and that Cnemidophorus perplexus be suppressed. This proposal was approved." 64208,Anolis omiltemanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,omiltemanus,,,,,"Davis, 1954", 64279,Aspidoscelis neotesselata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,neotesselata,,,,,"(Walker, Cordes & Taylor, 1997)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

Walker et al. (1997) recognized this triploid parthenogen as a distinct species; formerly it was included in C. tesselatus (A. tesselata)." 64209,Anolis parvicirculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,parvicirculatus,,,,,"Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956", 64280,Aspidoscelis opatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,opatae,,,,,"(Wright, 1967)", 64210,Anolis rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rubiginosus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873", 64211,Anolis pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pygmaeus,,,,,"Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956", 64282,Aspidoscelis parvisocia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,parvisocia,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1960)", 64212,Anolis quercorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,quercorum,,,,,"Fitch, 1978", 64283,Aspidoscelis pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,pictus,,,,,(Van Denburgh & Slevin 1921), 64213,Anolis schiedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,schiedii,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 64284,Aspidoscelis rodecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,rodecki,,,,,"(McCoy & Maslin, 1962)", 64214,Anolis schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,schmidti,,,,,"Smith, 1939", 64285,Aspidoscelis sackii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,sackii,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 64215,Anolis simmonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,simmonsi,,,,,"Holman, 1964", 64286,Aspidoscelis septemvittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,septemvittata,,,,,"(Cope, 1892)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

Taxonomy is unstable with respect to whether septemvittata is a species (Forstner et al. 1998) or a subspecies of A. gularis (Walker 1981, Walker et al. 2001) or A. scalaris (Smith et al. 1996, if septemvittata is not included in A. gularis). See Walker et al. (2001) for a detailed discussion of taxonomic uncertainties. Crother et al. (2000, 2003) listed A. septemvittatus as a distinct species that includes scalaris. See Crother et al. (2000) for discussion of their selection of C. septemvittatus (= A. septemvittata) as the proper name when septemvittata, scalaris, and semifasciata are all considered synonyms.

Aspidoscelis septemvittata hybridizes with A. gularis in several areas (Walker 1986, Forstner et al. 1998)." 64216,Anolis subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,subocularis,,,,,"Davis, 1954", 64287,Aspidoscelis sexlineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,sexlineata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

See Walker et al. (1990) for information on continuing hybridization between A. sexlineata and A. tesselata in Colorado." 64217,Anolis taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,taylori,,,,,Smith & Spieler 1945, 64288,Aspidoscelis sonorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,sonorae,,,,,"(Lowe & Wright, 1964)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus. This species hybridizes (rarely) with A. tigris in southern Arizona (Stebbins 1985). It appears to comprise a complex of groups with different origins through hybridization (Frost and Wright 1988)." 64219,Rhineura floridana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,RHINEURIDAE,Rhineura,floridana,,,,,"(Baird, 1858)","MtDNA data suggest an ancient divergence between populations in the north-central Florida peninsula and populations in the south-central peninsula; high genetic distances exist within south-central populations, whereas genetic structure within northern populations is less discrete and characterized by much shallower divergences (Mulvaney et al. 2005). These findings suggest that south-central populations may be candidates for taxonomic recognition (or recognition as distinct management units) if confirmed by additional genetic and morphological data (Mulvaney et al. 2005).

This species formerly was included in the family Amphisbaenidae. Most recent studies recognize four families within Amphisbaenia, with Rhineura floridana as the sole living member of the family Rhineuridae (Kearney 2003). A molecular phylogenetic analysis supports this arrangement (Macey et al. 2004)." 64220,Plestiodon anthracinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,anthracinus,,,,,"Baird, 1849","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64290,Aspidoscelis tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,tigris,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)","The subspecies marmoratus is regarded as a distinct species by some authorities, but is retained here as a subspecies following Reeder et al. (2002)." 64221,Plestiodon brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,brevirostris,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). Mexican species have thus been treated the same way." 64291,Aspidoscelis uniparens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,uniparens,,,,,"(Wright & Lowe, 1965)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus." 64222,Plestiodon callicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,callicephalus,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1879)","E. brevilineatus and E. callicephalus were treated as subspecies of E. tetragrammus by Lieb (1985, 1990). Tanner (1987) maintained that callicephalus should be retained as a distinct species. Lieb (1990) noted that additional sampling and study of material from Chihuahua is needed to clarify the status of callicephalus. Meanwhile, Crother et al. (2003) listed E. callicephalus as a species, based on allopatry and morphological diagnosability relative to E. brevilineatus and E. callicephalus.

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The change has thus been extended to the Mexican species." 64292,Aspidoscelis velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,velox,,,,,"(Springer, 1928)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

This species may comprise two or three historical groups of independent origin (Frost and Wright 1988, Cuellar 1977). Further research is needed to determine if A. velox comprises multiple species of different ploidy levels.

Aspidoscelis velox arose through hybridization; parental species were A. inornata and either A. costata or A. burti stictogramma (Moritz et al. 1989)." 64223,Plestiodon colimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,colimensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1935)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name has thus also been used for the Mexican species." 64293,Exiliboa placata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Exiliboa,placata,,,,,"Bogert, 1968", 64224,Plestiodon copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,copei,,,,,"(Taylor, 1933)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name has thus also been used for the Mexican species." 64225,Plestiodon dugesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,dugesii,,,,,"(Thominot, 1883)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name has thus also been used for the Mexican species." 64226,Plestiodon egregius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,egregius,,,,,"Baird, 1858","Subspecies insularis was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), but no supporting data were presented, and other authors have not adopted this proposal.

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64227,Plestiodon fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,fasciatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64297,Agkistrodon contortrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Agkistrodon,contortrix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 64228,Plestiodon gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,gilberti,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1896)","Recent phylogenetic analyses using DNA data indicate that the Plestiodon (Eumeces) gilberti morphotype (generally large-bodied and uniformly colored, versus the small-bodied and striped P. skiltonianus morphotype) has arisen independently at least three times (three clades) and that two of the three clades are nested within the geographically more widespread P. skiltonianus (Richmond and Reeder 2002). Plestiodon lagunensis of southern Baja California is also nested phylogenetically within P. skiltonianus (Richmond and Reeder 2002). A taxonomic revision is therefore warranted, but further study is needed before the species limits within this group can be definitively determined (Richmond and Reeder 2002).

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64298,Agkistrodon piscivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Agkistrodon,piscivorus,,,,,"(Lacepede, 1789)", 64229,Plestiodon inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,inexpectatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1932)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64299,Agkistrodon taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Agkistrodon,taylori,,,,,"Burger & Robertson, 1951", 64230,Plestiodon lagunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,lagunensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1895)","Plestiodon lagunensis is nested phylogenetically within P. skiltonianus (Richmond and Reeder 2002). A taxonomic revision therefore is warranted, but further study is needed before the species limits within this group can be definitively determined (Richmond and Reeder 2002).

Stebbins (2003) treated P. lagunensis of southern Baja California as a subspecies of P. skiltonianus whereas Grismer (2002) recognized P. lagunensis as a distinct species (following Grismer 1994).

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The Mexican species are thus also treated under this genus." 64231,Plestiodon laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,laticeps,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64232,Plestiodon lynxe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,lynxe,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name has thus also been applied to Mexican species." 64233,Plestiodon multilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,multilineatus,,,,,"(Tanner, 1957)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name has thus also been applied to Mexican species." 64234,Plestiodon multivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,multivirgatus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1857","There has been disagreement over whether the southern subspecies should be called P. m. epipleurotus or P. m. gaigeae (see Hammerson 1999). The name eplipleurotus went long unused but has priority, and a recent informal ICZN evaluation concluded that epipleurotus is the name that should be used (Axtell and Smith 2004). Hammerson (1999) suggested that the variable skink (subspecies epipleurotus) might be a distinct species; genetic study is needed to resolve the question.

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64235,Plestiodon obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,obsoletus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64236,Plestiodon ochoterenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,ochoterenae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1933)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name has thus also been used for Mexican species." 64237,Plestiodon parviauriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,parviauriculatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1933)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name is thus also used for Mexican species." 64238,Plestiodon parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,parvulus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1933)","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name is thus also used for Mexican species." 64239,Plestiodon septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,septentrionalis,,,,,"Baird, 1858","MtDNA data suggest that colonization of P. septentrionalis into previously glaciated areas was from a single source with restricted gene flow (Fuerst and Austin 2004). Parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses showed reciprocal monophyly between the allopatric northern (P. s. septentrionalis) and southern (P. s. obtusirostris) subspecies (Fuerst and Austin 2004). These results, combined with the morphological differences found in previous studies (Taylor 1935), suggest that these allopatric populations are on separate evolutionary trajectories (Fuerst and Austin 2004). Further sampling of southern populations is needed to elucidate the taxonomic status of the various populations.

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64240,Plestiodon skiltonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,skiltonianus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852","Recent phylogenetic analyses using DNA data indicate that the Plestiodon gilberti morphotype (generally large-bodied and uniformly colored, versus the small-bodied and striped P. skiltonianus morphotype) has arisen independently at least three times (three clades) and that two of the three clades are nested within the geographically more widespread P. skiltonianus (Richmond and Reeder 2002). Plestiodon lagunensis of southern Baja California is also nested phylogenetically within P. skiltonianus (Richmond and Reeder 2002). A taxonomic revision is therefore warranted, but further study is needed before the species limits within this group can be definitively determined (Richmond and Reeder 2002).

Stebbins (2003) treated P. lagunensis of southern Baja California as a subspecies of P. skiltonianus whereas Grismer (2002) recognized P. lagunensis as a distinct species (following Grismer 1994).

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009)." 64241,Plestiodon tetragrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,tetragrammus,,,,,"Baird, 1859","Plestiodon brevilineatus and P. callicephalus were treated as subspecies of P. tetragrammus by Lieb (1985, 1990). Lieb (1990) indicated intergradation between tetragrammus and brevilineatus in southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Dixon (1987) and Conant and Collins (1991) accepted the conspecific relationship between tetragrammus and brevilineatus. Tanner (1987) maintained that callicephalus should be retained as a full species. Lieb (1990) noted that additional sampling and study of material from Chihuahua is needed to clarify the status of callicephalus. Crother et al. (2000) listed P. callicephalus and P. tetragrammus as distinct species, with brevilineatus as a subspecies of P. tetragrammus.

In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The name is thus also used for Mexican species." 64242,Mesoscincus altamirani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mesoscincus,altamirani,,,,,"(Duges, 1891)", 64244,Scincella gemmingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,gemmingeri,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)",This is a species complex that is currently under revision (L. Canseco pers. comm.). 64245,Scincella lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,lateralis,,,,,"(Say in James, 1823)","The enigmatic taxon Hombronia fasciolaris was described from material nominally collected from New Zealand by the US Exploring Expedition, which has resulted in continuing confusion regarding its true provenance, the appropriate generic name (the species has most often been included in Leiolopisma), and the identity of the type specimen (Zug 1985). Shea (in prep.) has recently re-examined the known specimen and traced its likely history, finding that it is likely to have been correctly identified as the H. fasciolaris holotype but that it does not correspond to any genus found in regions visited by the US Exploring Expedition but instead falls within the known range of variation of the widespread New World species Scincella lateralis. This author formally synonymized H. fasciolaris within S. lateralis." 64246,Scincella silvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,silvicola,,,,,"(Taylor, 1937)",The two subspecies of this taxon will be elevated to separate species in the near future (L. Canseco-Márquez pers. comm.). 64250,Aspidoscelis bacatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,bacatus,,,,,"(Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921)", 64251,Aspidoscelis burti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,burti,,,,,"(Taylor, 1938)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

The subspecies xanthonota - generally treated as a subspecies of A. burti (e.g., Wright and Lowe 1993) - was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991). No supporting data were presented; the proposed split was based on presumed allopatry and diagnosability. Crother et al. (2000) followed Collins and listed xanthonota as a species distinct from A. burti. Under the genus Cnemidophorus, Stebbins (2003) retained xanthonota as a subspecies of A. burti. We also retain xanthonota within burti, pending clarification of its status. It is unclear whether or not the populations of this species around Guaymas (A. burti burti) are conspecific with A. burti stictogrammus (D. Frost pers. comm.). The populations in the south of the range are A. burti griseocaphalus." 64252,Aspidoscelis calidipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,calidipes,,,,,"(Duellman, 1955)", 64253,Aspidoscelis canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,canus,,,,,"(Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921)", 64254,Aspidoscelis carmenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,carmenensis,,,,,"(Maslin & Secoy, 1986)", 64255,Aspidoscelis catalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,catalinensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921)", 64256,Aspidoscelis celeripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,celeripes,,,,,"(Dickerson, 1919)", 64257,Aspidoscelis ceralbensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,ceralbensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921)", 64258,Aspidoscelis communis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,communis,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)", 64259,Aspidoscelis costatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,costatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)","We follow Wright (1993) and Flores-Villela and Canseco-Márquez (2004) in treating Aspidoscelis alpinus as a synonym of this species. However, Aspidoscelis costatus could be a synomym of A. sackii." 64260,Aspidoscelis cozumela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,cozumela,,,,,"(Gadow, 1906)", 64267,Aspidoscelis gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,gularis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

Not all authors agree on which populations should be assigned to this species. Aspidoscelis septemvittata is regarded as a species by some (Wright et al. 1983), as a subspecies of A. gularis by others; septemvittata and gularis hybridize in southwestern Texas (Forstner et al. 1998). Crother et al. (2003) listed A. gularis and A. septemvittata as separate species. See Walker (1981, 1986) for discussion of systematic issues. See Walker et al. (1991) for information on hybridization between A. gularis and A. laredoensis." 64268,Aspidoscelis guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,guttata,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)",This is part of a species complex that is currently under revision. 64271,Aspidoscelis labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,labialis,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1890)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus." 64272,Aspidoscelis laredoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,laredoensis,,,,,"(McKinney, Kay & Anderson, 1973)","Reeder et al. (2002) examined phylogenetic relationships of the whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus based on a combined analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and allozymes. They determined that Cnemidophorus in the traditional sense is paraphyletic and thus in need of nomenclatural revision. Rather than subsume all cnemidophorine species (including Kentropyx) in a single large genus (Ameiva), they proposed a split that placed the North American ""Cnemidophorus"" clade in the monophyletic genus Aspidoscelis; under this arrangement, South American taxa remain in the genus Cnemidophorus.

This species is a diploid, parthenogenetic species derived from hybridization between A. sexlineata viridis and A. gularis gularis (Wright et al. 1983, Frost and Wright 1988, Abuhteba et al. 2000). It includes two morphotypes (Walker 1986, Frost and Wright 1988, Paulissen et al. 1988); electrophoretic data indicate that the LAR-A morphotype comprises two electromorphs (cryptic clones); the other morphotype (LAR-B) apparently is genetically uniform over its entire range; LAR-A and LAR-B apparently arose from separate hybidization events (Abuhteba et al. 2001), whereas the cryptic clones of LAR-A arose via mutational or recombinational divergence (see Paulissen et al. 1988). See Walker et al. (1989, 1991) for information on hybridization between laredoensis and A. gularis." 64273,Aspidoscelis lineattissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,lineattissima,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)", 64274,Aspidoscelis martyris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,martyris,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1891)", 64357,Lepidophyma radula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,radula,,,,,"(Smith, 1942)", 64300,Atropoides nummifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atropoides,nummifer,,,,,"(Rüppel, 1845)", 64358,Lepidophyma sylvaticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,sylvaticum,,,,,"Taylor, 1939", 64359,Lepidophyma tarascae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,tarascae,,,,,"Bezy, Webb & Álvarez, 1982", 64360,Lepidophyma tuxtlae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,tuxtlae,,,,,"Werler & Shannon, 1957", 64304,Bothriechis rowleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,rowleyi,,,,,"(Bogert, 1968)", 64361,Xantusia arizonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,arizonae,,,,,"Klauber, 1931","Papenfuss et al. (2001) examined genetic and morphological variation of Xantusia and reviewed allozyme data from Bezy and Sites (1987). They concluded that three species are represented in Arizona: Xantusia vigilis, a yucca-dwelling species; X. arizonae, a granite-adapted species; and X. bezyi (newly described), another granite-associated species. Crother et al. (2003) listed X. bezyi and X. vigilis as distinct species but included arizonae as a subspecies of X. vigilis. Stebbins (2003) mentioned the taxonomic changes proposed by Papenfuss et al. but did not adopt them. Sinclair et al. (2004) examined phylogeographic patterns in Xantusia and concluded that X. bezyi is a valid species (but more widely distributed than previously known) and that X. arizonae has a smaller range than previously understood." 64305,Mixcoatlus barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Mixcoatlus,barbouri,,,,,"(Dunn, 1919)", 64371,Xenosaurus penai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOSAURIDAE,Xenosaurus,penai,,,,,"Perez-Ramos, Saldana de la Riva & Campbell, 2000", 64306,Cerrophidion petlalcalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Cerrophidion,petlalcalensis,,,,,"López-Luna, Vogt & de la Torre-Loranca, 1999", 64372,Xenosaurus phalaroanthereon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOSAURIDAE,Xenosaurus,phalaroanthereon,,,,,"Nieto-Montes de Oca, Campbell & Flores-Villela, 2001", 64307,Cerrophidion tzotzilorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Cerrophidion,tzotzilorum,,,,,"(Campbell, 1985)", 64373,Xenosaurus platyceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOSAURIDAE,Xenosaurus,platyceps,,,,,"King & Thompson, 1968", 64308,Crotalus adamanteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,adamanteus,,,,,"Beauvois, 1799", 64374,Xenosaurus rectocollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOSAURIDAE,Xenosaurus,rectocollaris,,,,,"Smith & Iverson, 1993", 64309,Crotalus angelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,angelensis,,,,,"Klauber, 1963", 64310,Crotalus aquilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,aquilus,,,,,"Klauber, 1952", 64311,Crotalus atrox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,atrox,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 64378,Potamonautes calcaratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,calcaratus,,,,,"(Gordon, 1929)","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as the subspecies Potamonautes (Obesopotamonautes) obesus calcaratus (Gordon, 1929). Reed and Cumberlidge (2004) redescribed this species as Potamonautes calcaratus." 64312,Crotalus basiliscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,basiliscus,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 64313,Crotalus caliginis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,caliginis,,,,,"Klauber, 1949", 64314,Crotalus catalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,catalinensis,,,,,"Cliff, 1954", 64315,Crotalus cerastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,cerastes,,,,,"Hallowell, 1854", 64382,Potamonautes dubius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,dubius,,,,,"(Brito-Capello, 1873)",Bott (1955) treated this taxon as the subspecies Potamonautes (Potamonautes) bayonianus dubius. Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) argued that this taxon should properly be referred to as the valid species Potamonautes dubius. 64316,Crotalus enyo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,enyo,,,,,(Cope 1861), 64317,Crotalus estebanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,estebanensis,,,,,"Klauber, 1949", 64384,Potamonautes kensleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,kensleyi,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Tavares, 2006",Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) described the distribution and habitat of this species which is known only from the holotype from Angola. 64318,Crotalus horridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,horridus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 64385,Potamonautes lividus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,lividus,,,,,"Gouws, Stewart & Reavell, 2001","Gouws, Stewart, & Reavell (2001), and Gouws and Stewart (2001) provide details of the distribution and habitat of this species." 64319,Crotalus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,intermedius,,,,,"Troschel, 1865", 64386,Potamonautes macrobrachii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,macrobrachii,,,,,"Bott, 1953",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Isopotamonautes) macrobrachii. Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) referred to this species as Potamonautes macrobrachii. 64320,Crotalus lannomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,lannomi,,,,,"Tanner, 1966", 64388,Potamonautes parvispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,parvispina,,,,,"Stewart, 1997","Found only in high mountain streams in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Similar to P. brincki in size, habitat, and distribution." 64321,Crotalus lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,lepidus,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1861)", 64389,Potamonautes perlatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,perlatus,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Potamonautes) perlatus. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998), Daniels, Gibbons, and Stewart (1999), and Daniels, Stewart, and Gibbons (1999) refer to this species as Potamonautes perlatus; both of these latter works summarize the distribution of this species in Western Cape Province, South Africa. The distribution of P. perlatus in its entire range was described by Barnard (1935, 1950). This is one of the first species of freshwater crabs to be described from Africa." 64322,Crotalus lorenzoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,lorenzoensis,,,,,"Radcliffe & Maslin, 1975", 64323,Crotalus mitchellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,mitchellii,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)","The taxonomic concept of Crotalus mitchellii assessed here, excludes the subspecies angelensis Klauber, 1963 and subspecies muertensis Klauber, 1949; these are both assessed separately as good species." 64390,Potamonautes sidneyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,sidneyi,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",This species was treated by Bott (1955) as Potamonautes (Potamonautes) sidneyi. Cumberlidge (1998) and Gouws and Stewart (2001) referred to this species as Potamonautes sidneyi and the latter workers described its distribution and habitat. 64324,Crotalus molossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,molossus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 64391,Potamonautes unispinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,unispinus,,,,,"Stewart & Cook, 1998","Daniels, Stewart, Ridgway and Florence (2001) described the distribution of P. unispinus in detail." 64325,Crotalus muertensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,muertensis,,,,,"Klauber, 1949", 64392,Potamonautes warreni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,warreni,,,,,"(Calman, 1918)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Potamonautes) warreni. Daniels, Stewart, Ridgway, and Florence (2001) referred to this species as Potamonautes warreni and described its distribution in detail, updating that provided by Barnard (1935)." 64326,Crotalus oreganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,oreganus,,,,,"Klauber, 1949","Analysis of historical biogeography based on mtDNA data (Pook et al. 2000) revealed two main clades, one including populations from east and south of the Rocky Mountains and the other consisting of populations west of the Rocky Mountains. The conventionally recognized subspecies do not fully correspond to the phylogenetic pattern, and a review of the systematic status of several populations is needed (Pook et al. 2000).

Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) examined mtDNA variation among 26 populations of C. viridis and also identified two main clades: eastern, including subspecies viridis and nuntius (low levels of genetic divergence), and western, including all other subspecies. However, Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) differed from Pook et al. (2000) with respect to the relationships among members of the western clade, although Ashton and de Queiroz studied only a few individuals from each member of the western clade and stated that the relationships within the western clade are largely unresolved and that none (except possibly cerberus) appeared to deserve recognition as separate evolutionary species. Ashton and de Queiroz suggested that the two main clades be regarded as distinct species, C. viridis (eastern clade) and C. oreganus (western clade). The historical biogeographic scenario described by Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) suggests secondary contact between C. viridis and C. oreganus in northern Arizona, southwestern and northwestern Colorado, and southeastern Utah.

Douglas et al. (2002) examined mtDNA variation in C. viridis, with emphasis on the populations on the Colorado Plateau. As did Pook et al. (2000) and Ashton and de Queiroz (2001), they identified eastern and western clades, with the former including the nominal subspecies viridis and nuntius and the latter encompassing all of the other subspecies. Douglas et al. (2002) argued that all of the western subspecies should be recognized as species, but they did not effectively indicate details of distributional relationships in the contact zones among the proposed species. Douglas et al. (2002) concluded that the taxon nuntius should be regarded as a synonym of viridis.

Crother et al. (2003) considered all of the foregoing evidence and adopted the two-species taxonomy (Crotalus oreganus, Crotalus viridis) that is supported by the congruence among all three studies cited above. Campbell and Lamar (2004) also recognized only the two species. However, further clarification of the distributions of C. viridis and C. oreganus is needed, particularly in the contact zones in northern Arizona, southwestern and northwestern Colorado, and southeastern Utah. For example, populations in northwestern Colorado (Moffat County) identified by Douglas et al. (2002) as C. viridis were mapped as C. oreganus concolor by Campbell and Lamar (2004).

We follow Crother et al. (2003) and Campbell and Lamar (2004) in recognizing C. oreganus and C. viridis as separate species. In addition subspecies caliginis Klauber, 1949 is also treated separately as a good species." 64327,Crotalus polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,polystictus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 64328,Crotalus pricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,pricei,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1895",The taxonomic status of the two subspecies (widely separated populations in the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental) needs to be evaluated (Crother et al. 2000). 64329,Crotalus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,pusillus,,,,,"Klauber, 1952", 64330,Crotalus ravus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,ravus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 64331,Crotalus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,ruber,,,,,"Cope, 1892","Murphy et al. (1995) examined variation in mtDNA, allozymes, and morphology of red diamond rattlesnakes and concluded that Crotalus ruber and C. exsul should be considered a single species (C. exsul) with three subspecies (C. e. exsul, C. e. ruber, and C. e. lorenzoensis. Smith et al. (1998) applied to the ICZN to conserve the name Crotalus ruber for the red diamond rattlesnake by giving the name Crotalus ruber precedence over the name C. exsul. ICZN (2000) gave Crotalus ruber precedence over C. exsul whenever the two names are considered to be synonyms." 64332,Crotalus scutulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,scutulatus,,,,,"(Kennicott, 1861)", 64333,Crotalus stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,stejnegeri,,,,,"Dunn, 1919", 64334,Crotalus tancitarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,tancitarensis,,,,,"Alvarado-Diaz & Campbell, 2004","This species was first collected in 1941 (Schmidt and Shannon, 1947) but was misidentified as C. triseriatus (Alvarado-Diaz and Campbell, 2004)." 64335,Crotalus tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,tigris,,,,,"Kennicott, 1859", 64336,Crotalus tortugensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,tortugensis,,,,,"Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921","This species is treated by some authors (including the Reptile Database) as being synonymous with Crotalus atrox Baird & Girard, 1853." 64337,Crotalus transversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,transversus,,,,,"Taylor, 1944", 64338,Crotalus triseriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,triseriatus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1830)", 64339,Crotalus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,viridis,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1818","Analysis of historical biogeography based on mtDNA data (Pook et al. 2000) revealed two main clades, one including populations from east and south of the Rocky Mountains and the other consisting of populations west of the Rocky Mountains. The conventionally recognized subspecies do not fully correspond to the phylogenetic pattern, and a review of the systematic status of several populations is needed (Pook et al. 2000).

Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) examined mtDNA variation among 26 populations of C. viridis and also identified two main clades: eastern, including subspecies viridis and nuntius (low levels of genetic divergence), and western, including all other subspecies. However, Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) differed from Pook et al. (2000) with respect to the relationships among members of the western clade, although Ashton and de Queiroz studied only a few individuals from each member of the western clade and stated that the relationships within the western clade are largely unresolved and that none (except possibly cerberus) appeared to deserve recognition as separate evolutionary species. Ashton and de Queiroz suggested that the two main clades be regarded as distinct species, C. viridis (eastern clade) and C. oreganus (western clade). The historical biogeographic scenario described by Ashton and de Queiroz (2001) suggests secondary contact between C. viridis and C. oreganus in northern Arizona, southwestern and northwestern Colorado, and southeastern Utah.

Douglas et al. (2002) examined mtDNA variation in C. viridis, with emphasis on the populations on the Colorado Plateau. As did Pook et al. (2000) and Ashton and de Queiroz (2001), they identified eastern and western clades, with the former including the nominal subspecies viridis and nuntius and the latter encompassing all of the other subspecies. Douglas et al. (2002) argued that all of the western subspecies should be recognized as species, but they did not effectively indicate details of distributional relationships in the contact zones among the proposed species. Douglas et al. (2002) concluded that the taxon nuntius should be regarded as a synonym of viridis.

Crother et al. (2003) considered all of the foregoing evidence and adopted the two-species taxonomy (Crotalus oreganus, Crotalus viridis) that is supported by the congruence among all three studies cited above. Campbell and Lamar (2004) also recognized only the two species. However, further clarification of the distributions of C. viridis and C. oreganus is needed, particularly in the contact zones in northern Arizona, southwestern and northwestern Colorado, and southeastern Utah. For example, populations in northwestern Colorado (Moffat County) identified by Douglas et al. (2002) as C. viridis were mapped as C. oreganus concolor by Campbell and Lamar (2004). We follow Crother et al. (2003) and Campbell and Lamar (2004) in recognizing C. oreganus and C. viridis as separate species." 64340,Mixcoatlus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Mixcoatlus,melanurus,,,,,"(Müller, 1923)", 64341,Ophryacus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Ophryacus,undulatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1859)",This may be a species complex (L. Canseco-Márquez pers. comm.) 64342,Porthidium dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,dunni,,,,,"(Hartweg & Oliver, 1938)", 64343,Porthidium hespere,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,hespere,,,,,"(Campbell, 1976)", 64344,Porthidium nasutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,nasutum,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1868)",Recent analysis suggest that the Central American populations may be different from the South American ones (Castoe et al. 2005). 64345,Porthidium yucatanicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,yucatanicum,,,,,"(Smith, 1941)", 64346,Sistrurus catenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Sistrurus,catenatus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)", 64347,Sistrurus miliarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Sistrurus,miliarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 64348,Lepidophyma chicoasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,chicoasensis,,,,,"Alvarez & Valentin, 1988", 64349,Lepidophyma dontomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,dontomasi,,,,,"(Smith, 1942)", 64350,Lepidophyma gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,gaigeae,,,,,"Mosauer, 1936", 64351,Lepidophyma lineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,lineri,,,,,"Smith, 1973",Taxonomic research is needed to clarify the relationship between this species and Lepidophyma smithi. 64352,Lepidophyma lipetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,lipetzi,,,,,"Smith & Alvarez del Toro, 1977", 64353,Lepidophyma lowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,lowei,,,,,"Bezy & Camarillo, 1997", 64354,Lepidophyma micropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,micropholis,,,,,"Walker, 1955", 64355,Lepidophyma occulor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,occulor,,,,,"Smith, 1942", 64356,Lepidophyma pajapanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Lepidophyma,pajapanensis,,,,,"Werler, 1957", 64362,Xantusia bezyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,bezyi,,,,,"Papenfuss, Macey & Schulte, 2001","Papenfuss et al. (2001) examined genetic and morphological variation of Xantusia and reviewed allozyme data from Bezy and Sites (1987). They concluded that three species are represented in Arizona: Xantusia vigilis, a yucca-dwelling species; X. arizonae, a granite-adapted species; and X. bezyi (newly described), another granite-associated species. Crother et al. (2003) listed X. bezyi and X. vigilis as distinct species but included arizonae as a subspecies of X. vigilis. Stebbins (2003) mentioned the taxonomic changes proposed by Papenfuss et al. but did not adopt them. Sinclair et al. (2004) examined phylogeographic patterns in Xantusia and concluded that X. bezyi is a valid species (but more widely distributed than previously known) and that X. arizonae has a smaller range than previously understood." 64363,Xantusia bolsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,bolsonae,,,,,"Webb, 1970",Formerly considered a subspecies of X. henshawi (see Lee 1976). 64364,Xantusia extorris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,extorris,,,,,"Webb, 1965", 64365,Xantusia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,gracilis,,,,,"Grismer & Galvan, 1986","Grismer and Galvan (1986) described Xantusia henshawi gracilis on the basis of morphological, electrophoretic, and ecological differences from other subspecies. Lovich (2001) used mtDNA data to examine the phylogeography of X. henshawi populations in southern California and concluded that the allopatric subspecies Xantusia henshawi gracilis should be recognized as a distinct species, Xantusia gracilis. This conclusion is supported by previously published allozyme data (showing fixed allelic differences) and a compatible historical biogeographical scenario." 64366,Xantusia henshawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,henshawi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1893", 64367,Xantusia sanchezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,sanchezi,,,,,"Bezy & Flores-Villela, 1999", 64368,Xantusia vigilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XANTUSIIDAE,Xantusia,vigilis,,,,,"Baird, 1859","Papenfuss et al. (2001) examined genetic and morphological variation of Xantusia and reviewed allozyme data from Bezy and Sites (1987). They concluded that three species are represented in Arizona: Xantusia vigilis, a yucca-dwelling species; X. arizonae, a granite-adapted species; and X. bezyi (newly described), another granite-associated species. Crother et al. (2003) listed X. bezyi and X. vigilis as distinct species but included arizonae as a subspecies of X. vigilis. Stebbins (2003) mentioned the taxonomic changes proposed by Papenfuss et al. but did not adopt them.

Subspecies utahensis was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991), but no supporting data were presented. Collins and Taggart (2002) listed utahensis as a subspecies of X. vigilis." 64369,Xenosaurus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOSAURIDAE,Xenosaurus,grandis,,,,,"(Gray, 1856)",This is a species complex that is currently under revision. 64370,Xenosaurus newmanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENOSAURIDAE,Xenosaurus,newmanorum,,,,,"Taylor, 1949", 64443,Tyrrheniellina josephi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Tyrrheniellina,josephi,,,,,"(Giusti & Manganelli, 1989)","The original generic name Tyrrheniella Giusti & Manganelli, 1989 is preoccupied and was replaced by Tyrrheniellina Giusti & Manganelli, 1992. Thyrreniellina was an alternative spelling erroneously used in Fauna Europaea." 6486,Dendrotrochus ponapensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dendrotrochus,ponapensis,,,,,"Baker, 1941", 6500,Deronectes aljibensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Deronectes,aljibensis,,,,,"Fery & Fresneda, 1988", 6502,Deronectes depressicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Deronectes,depressicollis,,,,,"(Rosenhauer, 1856)", 6503,Deronectes ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Deronectes,ferrugineus,,,,,"Fery & Brancucci, 1987", 6519,Dexteria floridana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,CHIROCEPHALIDAE,Dexteria,floridana,,,,,"(Dexter, 1953)", 6522,Diaptomus rostripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Diaptomus,rostripes,,,,,"Herbst, 1955", 6523,Diastole matafaoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Diastole,matafaoi,,,,,"Baker, 1938", 6524,Diastole tenuistriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Diastole,tenuistriata,,,,,"Preece, 1995", 6631,Diplodon dunkerianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Diplodon,dunkerianus,,,,,"Lea, 1857", 6632,Diplodon expansus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Diplodon,expansus,,,,,"Kuester, 1856", 6633,Diplodon fontaineanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Diplodon,fontaineanus,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1835", 6634,Diplodon pfeifferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Diplodon,pfeifferi,,,,,"Dunker, 1819", 6660,Diplommatina circumstomata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,circumstomata,,,,,"Kuroda & Abe, 1980", 6661,Diplommatina lateralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,lateralis,,,,,"Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904", 6665,Diplomystes chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DIPLOMYSTIDAE,Diplomystes,chilensis,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 6666,Diplomystes camposensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DIPLOMYSTIDAE,Diplomystes,camposensis,,,,,"Arratia, 1987", 6667,Diplomystes nahuelbutaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DIPLOMYSTIDAE,Diplomystes,nahuelbutaensis,,,,,"Arratia, 1987", 6673,Dipnelix pertricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Dipnelix,pertricosa,,,,,"Iredale, 1937", 6711,Discocharopa mimosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Discocharopa,mimosa,,,,,"(Petterd, 1879)", 6718,Disconaias salinasensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Disconaias,salinasensis,,,,,"Simpson, 1908", 6720,Wollastonaria leacockiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Wollastonaria,leacockiana,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 6721,Discula tabellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,tabellata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 6722,Testudodiscula testudinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Testudodiscula,testudinalis,,,,,"R.T. Lowe, 1852", 6723,Wollastonaria turricula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Wollastonaria,turricula,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 6724,Hystricella bicarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Hystricella,bicarinata,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1824)","There are two subspecies: Hystricella bicarinata bicarinata and Hystricella bicarinata aucta (Wollaston, 1878). Cameron et al. (2006) has recently reviewed the status of this form whilst in consideration of the status of Hystricella oxytropis finding that it is distinctly smaller than Hystricella bicarinata." 6725,Callina bulverii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Callina,bulverii,,,,,"(W. Wood, 1828)","Bank reviewed the nomenclature of the species and established bulverii as the original spelling of the species name although most authors in the last 80 years have used the bulweri spelling. 

Seddon (2008) noted that 'there has been debate since the 1860s as to whether D. bulweri and D. albersi are one or two species. Wollaston (1878) maintained two species based on Lowe's descriptions commenting that both were found together. D. albersi was treated as subspecies of D. bulweri by Mandahl-Barth (1950), but as separate species by Walden (1983).  Nobre (1931) and Bank et al. (2002) view albersi as a synonym of bulweri.  Seddon (2008) reviewed  extensive material in Museum collections and suggests that the two forms are not separable on a consistent basis, therefore albersi is placed as a synonym of bulweri.  Wollaston (1878) noted the similarity to D. lyelliana from Deserta Grande." 6726,Discula cheiranthicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,cheiranthicola,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 6728,Wollastonaria oxytropis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Wollastonaria,oxytropis,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 6729,Discula tectiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,tectiformis,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I, 1824)", 6730,Discula lyelliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,lyelliana,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 6731,Discula tetrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Discula,tetrica,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 6732,Disculella madeirensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Disculella,madeirensis,,,,,"(W. Wood, 1828)","Waldén (1983) recognised two subspecies of Disculella madeirensis. Wollaston (1878) viewed both as distinct and separable species, although Lowe has obviously considered them to be conspecific. The two subspecies are not known to be found together at a site, but it seems possible that they are distinct species." 6737,Discus marmorensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Discus,marmorensis,,,,,"H.B. Baker, 1932", 6763,Distocambarus devexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Distocambarus,devexus,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1981)","This species was originally placed in the genus Procambarus, subgenus Distocambarus (Hobbs 1981). However, in 1983 Distocambarus was elevated to a generic rank (Hobbs and Carlson 1983)." 6764,Distocambarus youngineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Distocambarus,youngineri,,,,,"Hobbs & Carlson, 1985","This species incorrectly spelled yongineri in Wilson (1989)." 6767,Ditropis whitei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Ditropis,whitei,,,,,"Brazier, 1874", 6768,Divellomelon hillieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Divellomelon,hillieri,,,,,"Smith, 1910", 6782,Dolapex amiculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Dolapex,amiculus,,,,,"Iredale, 1945", 6790,Dolomedes plantarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PISAURIDAE,Dolomedes,plantarius,,,,,"(Clerck, 1757)", 6808,Doronomyrmex goesswaldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Doronomyrmex,goesswaldi,,,,,"(Kutter, 1967)", 6809,Doronomyrmex kutteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Doronomyrmex,kutteri,,,,,"(Buschinger, 1966)", 6810,Doronomyrmex pacis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Doronomyrmex,pacis,,,,,"Kutter, 1945", 6811,Doronomyrmex pocahontas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Doronomyrmex,pocahontas,,,,,"Buschinger, 1979", 6818,Draparnaudia anniae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DRAPARNAUDIIDAE,Draparnaudia,anniae,,,,,"Tillier & Mordan, 1995", 6819,Draparnaudia subnecata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DRAPARNAUDIIDAE,Draparnaudia,subnecata,,,,,"Tillier & Mordan, 1995", 6843,Dromus dromas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Dromus,dromas,,,,,"(Lea, 1834)", 6844,Drosophila lanaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DROSOPHILIDAE,Drosophila,lanaiensis,,,,,"Grimshaw, 1901", 6845,Drymaeus henseli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BULIMULIDAE,Drymaeus,henseli,,,,,"Martens, 1868", 6913,Dupontia levis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dupontia,levis,,,,,"Godwin-Austen, 1908", 6914,Dupontia nitella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dupontia,nitella,,,,,"Morelet, 1868", 6915,Dupontia perlucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dupontia,perlucida,,,,,"Adams, 1867", 6916,Dupontia poweri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dupontia,poweri,,,,,"Adams, 1868", 6917,Dupontia proletaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Dupontia,proletaria,,,,,"Morelet, 1860", 6918,Dupucharopa millestriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Dupucharopa,millestriata,,,,,"Smith, 1874", 6919,Juturnia coahuilae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Juturnia,coahuilae,,,,,"Taylor, 1966", 6924,Atelocynus microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Atelocynus,microtis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1883)","Atelocynus is a monotypic genus. The species has formerly been placed in the genera Lycalopex, Cerdocyon, and Dusicyon. Phylogenetic analysis has shown Atelocynus microtis to be a distinct taxon most closely related to another monotypic Neotropical canid genus, Speothos." 6930,Dussartius baeticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Dussartius,baeticus,,,,,"(Dussart, 1967)", 6970,Dytiscus latissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Dytiscus,latissimus,,,,,"Blunck, 1923", 6973,Ecchlorolestes nylephtha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Ecchlorolestes,nylephtha,,,,,"(Barnard, 1937)", 6992,Echinodillo cavaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ARMADILLIDAE,Echinodillo,cavaticus,,,,,"Green, 1963", 7011,Echinus esculentus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,ECHINOIDEA,CAMARODONTA,ECHINIDAE,Echinus,esculentus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 7021,Economidichthys trichonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Economidichthys,trichonis,,,,,"Economidis & Miller, 1990", 7022,Economidichthys pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Economidichthys,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Holly, 1929)", 7033,Edentulina usambarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Edentulina,usambarensis,,,,,Bequaert & Clench, 7116,Elaphoidella amabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Elaphoidella,amabilis,,,,,"Ishida, 1993", 7117,Elaphoidella franci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Elaphoidella,franci,,,,,"Petkovski, 1983", 7118,Elaphoidella jeanneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Elaphoidella,jeanneli,,,,,"(Chappuis, 1928)", 7119,Elaphoidella kieferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Elaphoidella,kieferi,,,,,"Loffler, 1968", 7120,Elaphrus viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Elaphrus,viridis,,,,,"Horn, 1878", 7123,Elasmias kitaiwojimanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Elasmias,kitaiwojimanum,,,,,"(Pilsbry and Hirase, 1903)", 7124,Elasmias quadrasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Elasmias,quadrasi,,,,,"(von Möllendorff, 1894) ", 7125,Elasmias jaurffreti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Elasmias,jaurffreti,,,,,"Madge, 1946", 7126,Elasmias cernicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Elasmias,cernicum,,,,,"Benson, 1850", 7455,Eleutherodactylus principalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,principalis,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1997",Genetic data indicate that Eleutherodactylus principalis is nested within one of the four lineages of E. auriculatus and a thorough taxonomic revision of this group is needed (Rodríguez et al. 2010). 7581,Elimia albanyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,albanyensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1864)","Chambers (1990) synonymized Elimia albanyensis, Elimia athearni, and Elimia catanoides with Elimia boykiniana based on the constancy of the shape of the outer lip of the aperture and old museum lots consisting of shells exhibiting a range of variation. Mihalcik and Thompson (2002) synonymize Elimia boykiniana (in part) and several of its subspecies under Elimia viennaensis and Elima abanyensis. Mihalcik and Thompson (2002) also claim Chambers (1990) description of Elimia boykiniana is a composite of several species. Dillon et al. (2006) synonymize Elimia caelatura, Elimia darwini, Elimia mutabilis, Elimia albanyensis, Elimia boykiniana, Elimia postelli, Elimia suturalis, and Elimia viennaensis with Elimia catenaria, based on observational data (morphological characters that are difficult to distinguish)." 7583,Elimia annettae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,annettae,,,,,"Goodrich, 1941", 7584,Elimia brevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,brevis,,,,,"(Reeve, 1860)", 7585,Elimia cahawbensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,cahawbensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)","This species is closely related to Elimia gerhardti based on similar shell shapes and the relationships of these two species needs to be explored biochemically (Bogan and Pierson 1993). Elimia cahawbensis, Elimia annettae, Elimia varians, and Elimipa pupoides appear to represent a cline from headwaters to large river and this group needs further study to determine if there are four species or a single variable species (Bogan and Pierson 1993). It has been suggested that ssp. fraterna is not distinct. According to Mark Gordon, examination of Lea's original descriptions found that specimens of fraterna were smaller, had fewer whorls, and a carina across the middle of each whorl. Gordon also comments, in many species, that similar carina may be apparent in young individuals but obscured in old snails. Lea's figure of a shell of cahawbensis older than the figured fraterna displays carina in early whorls, but these are fused into the suture in later whorls and missing in the body whorl. Thus, Gordon concludes the use of fraterna without further evidence does not appear justified. Bogan and Pierson (1993) also did not distinguish fraterna from cahawbensis during field surveys and found the degree of development of the carina variable between streams." 7587,Elimia vanuxemiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,vanuxemiana,,,,,"I. Lea, 1843",Also treated under the genus Goniobasis. 7591,Elimia hartmaniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,hartmaniana,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1861)", 7592,Elimia impressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,impressa,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1841)", 7594,Elimia laeta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,laeta,,,,,"(Jay, 1839)", 7596,Elimia pupaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,pupaeformis,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1864)", 7597,Elimia pygmaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,pygmaea,,,,,"(Smith, 1936)", 7599,Elimia acuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,acuta,,,,,"I. Lea, 1831", 7600,Elimia alabamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,alabamensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1861)", 7601,Elimia aterina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,aterina,,,,,"Lea, 1863", 7603,Elimia boykiniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,boykiniana,,,,,"Lea, 1840", 7604,Elimia capillaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,capillaris,,,,,"I. Lea, 1861", 7605,Elimia crenatella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,crenatella,,,,,"Lea, 1860", 7606,Elimia fascinans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,fascinans,,,,,"Lea, 1861", 7607,Elimia haysiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,haysiana,,,,,"I. Lea, 1843", 7608,Elimia hydei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,hydei,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 7609,Elimia interrupta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,interrupta,,,,,"Haldeman, 1840", 7611,Elimia nassula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,nassula,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 7612,Elimia olivula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,olivula,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 7613,Elimia porrecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,porrecta,,,,,"Lea, 1863", 7614,Elimia pybasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,pybasi,,,,,"I. Lea, 1862", 7615,Elimia strigosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,strigosa,,,,,"I. Lea, 1841", 7616,Elimia teres,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,teres,,,,,"I. Lea, 1841", 7617,Elimia troostiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,troostiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)", 7618,Eliomys quercinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Eliomys,quercinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 7620,Elisolimax rufescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Elisolimax,rufescens,,,,,Simroth, 7629,Ellipsaria lineolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ellipsaria,lineolata,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 7634,Parvaspina steinstansana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Parvaspina,steinstansana,,,,,"(R.I. Johnson & Clarke, 1983)", 7635,Elliptio waccamawensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,waccamawensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1863)",Davis (1984) and Stiven (1994) provide conflicting results relative to the uniqueness of Elliptio waccamawensis. Questions have been raised concerning its genetic relationship with Elliptio icterina and Elliptio congarea.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 7636,Elliptio jayensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,jayensis,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1838)","Johnson (1972) synonymized both Elliptio ahenea and Elliptio waltoni under Elliptio jayensis, but both species were subsequently recognized by Turgeon et al. (1998). The entire group needs further molecular work to confirm taxonomic uncertainty.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7637,Elliptio ahenea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,ahenea,,,,,"I. Lea, 1843", 7638,Elliptio angustata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,angustata,,,,,"Lea, 1831","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio, including Elliptio angustata, is currently in a state of confusion. Johnson (1970) grouped many named taxa under a single name and synonymized Elliptio angustata under Elliptio lanceolata. However, Turgeon et al. (1998) and Graf and Cummings (2007) include them as distinct species.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7639,Elliptio arca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,arca,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 7640,Elliptio chipolaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,chipolaensis,,,,,"(Walker, 1905)", 7641,Elliptio congaraea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,congaraea,,,,,"I. Lea, 1831", 7642,Elliptio dariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,dariensis,,,,,"I. Lea, 1842", 7643,Elliptio downiei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,downiei,,,,,"(Lea, 1858)","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. Johnson (1970) grouped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. This species is often confused with Elliptio crassidens. Johnson (1970) recognized Elliptio downiei as a subspecies of Elliptio crassidens, although subsequent authors have given downiei species-level status (e.g., Turgeon et al. 1998, Graf and Cummings 2007).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7644,Elliptio folliculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,folliculata,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)",The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. Johnson (1970) grouped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. Johnson (1970) listed this species as a synonym of Elliptio lanceolata but Turgeon et al. (1998) included both as distinct species.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 7645,Elliptio fraterna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,fraterna,,,,,"(Lea, 1852)", 7646,Elliptio hopetonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,hopetonensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)",A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011). 7647,Elliptio lanceolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,lanceolata,,,,,"(Lea, 1828)", 7648,Elliptio mcmichaeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,mcmichaeli,,,,,"Clench & Turner, 1956","There is some uncertainty regarding the range and validity of this species (Brim Box and Williams 2000). Johnson (1970) did not recognize E. mcmichaeli and considered it a synonym of E. fraterna. Based on anatomical differences in the mantle margins, Fuller (1974) recognized both species. Brim Box and Williams (2000) agreed with Fuller (1974) and consider E. fraterna to be a species distinct from E. mcmichaeli, based on these anatomical differences as well as zoogeographical patterns. Records for E. fraterna from the Choctawhatchee River by Johnson (1970) represent this species.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7649,Elliptio producta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,producta,,,,,"(Conrad, 1836)","The classification of the Atlantic Slope species of Elliptio is currently in a state of uncertainty. Johnson (1970) lumped many named taxa under a single name. Current research is finding many of these synonomized taxa to be valid species. This research is in progress and will result in the recognition of numerous additional taxa in this genus. Johnson (1970) placed this species in synonymy with Elliptio lanceolata, however Turgeon et al. (1998) list both as distinct species. No agreement has been reached on what this taxon is, therefore further study is needed.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7650,Elliptio shepardiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,shepardiana,,,,,"I. Lea, 1834", 7651,Elliptio waltoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Elliptio,waltoni,,,,,"(Wright, 1888)","This species is in need of genetic validation; it is considered distinct by Turgeon et al. (1998), but not by Johnson (1972), who lists it as a synonym of Elliptio jayensis, and Heard (1979).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7735,Engaeus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,australis,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 7736,Engaeus mallacoota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,mallacoota,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7737,Engaeus martigener,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,martigener,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7738,Engaeus orramakunna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,orramakunna,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7739,Engaeus phyllocercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,phyllocercus,,,,,"Smith & Schuster, 1913", 7740,Engaeus rostrogaleatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,rostrogaleatus,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7741,Engaeus spinicaudatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,spinicaudatus,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7742,Engaeus sternalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,sternalis,,,,,"(Clark, 1936)", 7743,Engaeus curvisuturus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,curvisuturus,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7744,Engaeus disjuncticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,disjuncticus,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7745,Engaeus granulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,granulatus,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7746,Engaeus nulloporius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,nulloporius,,,,,"Horwitz, 1990", 7747,Engaeus urostrictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,urostrictus,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 7749,Engaewa similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaewa,similis,,,,,"Riek, 1967", 7777,Haplochromis paropius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,paropius,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969",Appeared in the IUCN Red List from 1996 to 2006 under the generic name Enterochromis. 7779,Eodiaptomus lumholtzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Eodiaptomus,lumholtzi,,,,,"(Sars, 1889)", 7780,Eodiaptomus shihi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Eodiaptomus,shihi,,,,,"Reddy, 1992", 7784,Eoleptestheria spinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,LEPTESTHERIIDAE,Eoleptestheria,spinosa,,,,,"Marincek, 1978","Marincek, M. 1978. Eoleptestheria spinosa, a new species of Conchostraca (Phyllopoda) dicovered in Yugoslavia. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgrade B 33: 103-118.

Marincek, M. and Valvajter, B. 1982. Eoleptestheria spinosa magna, a new subspecies of Conchostraca (Crustacea). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgrade, B 37: 63-72." 7807,Epalzeorhynchos bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Epalzeorhynchos,bicolor,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 7832,Epigomphus camelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,camelus,,,,,"Calvert, 1905", 7834,Epigomphus crepidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,crepidus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1936","It is possible that more than one species is included in this taxon, as a specimen from Oaxaca in the Paulson collection is considered to be this species (Donnelly 1989) but differs in morphology from the type series from Nayarit." 7835,Epigomphus paulsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,paulsoni,,,,,"Belle, 1981","Listed from Veracruz in the original description. This population was later described as E. sulcatistyla Donnelly, 1989." 7836,Epigomphus subsimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,subsimilis,,,,,"Calvert, 1920", 7844,Epimyrma ravouxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,ravouxi,,,,,"(André, 1896)", 7845,Epimyrma africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,africana,,,,,"Bernard, 1948", 7846,Epimyrma algeriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,algeriana,,,,,"Cagniant, 1968", 7847,Epimyrma bernardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,bernardi,,,,,"Espadaler, 1982", 7848,Epimyrma corsica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,corsica,,,,,"(Emery, 1895)", 7849,Epimyrma goridaghini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,goridaghini,,,,,"(Ruzsky, 1902)", 7850,Epimyrma kraussei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,kraussei,,,,,"Emery, 1915", 7851,Epimyrma stumperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,stumperi,,,,,"Kutter, 1950", 7852,Epimyrma tamarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,tamarae,,,,,"Arnol'di, 1968", 7853,Epimyrma zaleskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Epimyrma,zaleskyi,,,,,"Sadil, 1953", 7863,Epioblasma arcaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,arcaeformis,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1831)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia arcaeformis?. 7864,Epioblasma biemarginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,biemarginata,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1857)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia biemarginata?. 7865,Epioblasma brevidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,brevidens,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1831)", 7868,Epioblasma flexuosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,flexuosa,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia flexuosa. 7872,Epioblasma haysiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,haysiana,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1834)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia haysiana. 7874,Epioblasma lenior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,lenior,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1842)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia lenior. 7876,Epioblasma metastriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,metastriata,,,,,"(Conrad, 1840)", 7878,Epioblasma penita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,penita,,,,,"(Conrad, 1834)", 7879,Epioblasma personata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,personata,,,,,"(Say, 1829)","This species was historically placed in the genera Dysnomia and Plagiola (Johnson 1978) and is now placed in genus Epioblasma (Williams et al. 2008).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7880,Epioblasma propinqua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,propinqua,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1857)","This species was historically placed in the genera Dysnomia and Plagiola (Johnson 1978). This species is currently place in the genus Epioblasma (Williams et al. 2008).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 7881,Epioblasma sampsonii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,sampsonii,,,,,"(Lea, 1861)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia sampsoni. 7890,Epioblasma turgidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,turgidula,,,,,"(Lea, 1858)", 7892,Epioblasma lewisii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,lewisii,,,,,"(Walker, 1910)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia lewisii?. 7895,Epioblasma stewardsonii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,stewardsonii,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1852)",Was listed in the 1996 IUCN Red List under the name Dysnomia stewardsoni. 7896,Epiophlebia laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EPIOPHLEBIIDAE,Epiophlebia,laidlawi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1921","The Epiophlebiidae are the only extant family in the suborder Anisozygoptera, which holds just two species. They are relict species of a once widespread group." 7897,Epischurella baikalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,TEMORIDAE,Epischurella,baikalensis,,,,,"(Sars, 1900)", 7898,Epischura massachusettsensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,TEMORIDAE,Epischura,massachusettsensis,,,,,"Pearse, 1906", 7980,Erebia gorgone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,gorgone,,,,,"Boisduval, 1833", 7983,Erebia scipio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,scipio,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1832)", 7984,Erebia sthennyo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,sthennyo,,,,,"Graslin, 1850", 7986,Erebonectes nesioticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,EPACTERISCIDAE,Erebonectes,nesioticus,,,,,"Fosshagen, 1985", 7987,Eremarionta immaculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Eremarionta,immaculata,,,,,"(Willett, 1937)", 7988,Eremarionta millepalmarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Eremarionta,millepalmarum,,,,,"(S.S. Berry, 1930)", 7989,Eremarionta morongoana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Eremarionta,morongoana,,,,,"(S.S. Berry, 1929)", 8000,Erepta nevilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Erepta,nevilli,,,,,"Adams, 1867", 8001,Erepta stylodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Erepta,stylodon,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1842", 8002,Erepta odontina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Erepta,odontina,,,,,"Morelet, 1851", 8005,Eretmochelys imbricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELONIIDAE,Eretmochelys,imbricata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Genetic analyses in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific indicate that nesting populations comprise separate and identifiable stocks that should be treated as separate management units (Bass et al. 1996, Bowen et al. 1996, Bowen and Karl 2007). Hawksbill aggregations on foraging grounds comprise animals from multiple nesting populations and often include animals from distant rookeries (Broderick et al. 1994, Bowen et al. 2007)." 8029,Eriogaster catax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LASIOCAMPIDAE,Eriogaster,catax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 8135,Eua zebrina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Eua,zebrina,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)", 8136,Euastacus armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,armatus,,,,,"(von Martens, 1866)", 8137,Euastacus bindal,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,bindal,,,,,"Morgan, 1989", 8138,Euastacus bispinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,bispinosus,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 8139,Euastacus eungella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,eungella,,,,,"Morgan, 1988", 8140,Euastacus fleckeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,fleckeri,,,,,"Watson, 1935", 8141,Euastacus hystricosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,hystricosus,,,,,"Riek, 1951", 8142,Euastacus jagara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,jagara,,,,,"Morgan, 1989", 8143,Euastacus maidae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,maidae,,,,,"Riek, 1956", 8144,Euastacus monteithorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,monteithorum,,,,,"Morgan, 1989", 8145,Euastacus robertsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,robertsi,,,,,"Monroe, 1977", 8146,Euastacus setosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,setosus,,,,,"Riek, 1956", 8147,Euastacus urospinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,urospinosus,,,,,"Riek, 1956", 8148,Euastacus crassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,crassus,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 8149,Euastacus diversus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,diversus,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 8150,Euastacus neodiversus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,neodiversus,,,,,"Riek, 1956", 8151,Euastacus yigara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,yigara,,,,,"Short & Davey, 1993", 8161,Euchondrus ramonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Euchondrus,ramonensis,,,,,"(Granot, 1988)", 8164,Eucrenonaspides oinotheke,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ANASPIDACEA,PSAMMASPIDAE,Eucrenonaspides,oinotheke,,,,,"Knott & Lake, 1980", 8167,Eudiaptomus chappuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Eudiaptomus,chappuisi,,,,,"(Kiefer, 1926)", 8172,Eudontomyzon danfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Eudontomyzon,danfordi,,,,,"Regan, 1911", 8174,Eudontomyzon vladykovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Eudontomyzon,vladykovi,,,,,"Oliva & Zanandrea, 1959", 8181,Euhadra murayamai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Euhadra,murayamai,,,,,"Habe, 1976", 8182,Euhadra nachicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Euhadra,nachicola,,,,,"Kuroda, 1929", 8183,Euhadra sadoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Euhadra,sadoensis,,,,,"Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903", 8249,Eumorsea pinaleno,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUMASTACIDAE,Eumorsea,pinaleno,,,,,"Rehn & Grant, 1959", 8261,Eunice viridis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,POLYCHAETA,EUNICIDA,EUNICIDAE,Eunice,viridis,,,,,"(Gray, 1847)","Treated by some authors under the genus Palola. May even be a junior synonym of Palola siciliensis (Grube, 1840), in which case it may have a much wider distribution and could probably be listed as Least Concern. See: Fauchald, K. 1992. Review of the types of Palola (Eunicidae: Polychaeta) Journal of Natural History 26: 1177-1225." 8262,Eunicella verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ALCYONACEA,PLEXAURIDAE,Eunicella,verrucosa,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 8264,Euonyma curtissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Euonyma,curtissima,,,,,Verdcourt, 8328,Euploea albicosta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,albicosta,,,,,Joicey & Noakes, 8329,Euploea blossomae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,blossomae,,,,,"Schaus, 1929", 8330,Euploea caespes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,caespes,,,,,"Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984", 8331,Euploea configurata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,configurata,,,,,"Felder & Felder, 1865", 8332,Euploea cordelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,cordelia,,,,,"Martin, 1912", 8333,Euploea dentiplaga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,dentiplaga,,,,,"Rothschild, 1915", 8334,Euploea doretta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,doretta,,,,,"Pagenstecher, 1894", 8335,Euploea eboraci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,eboraci,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1894)", 8336,Euploea eupator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,eupator,,,,,"Hewitson, 1858", 8337,Euploea euphon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,euphon,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 8338,Euploea gamelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,gamelia,,,,,"(Hübner, 1825)", 8339,Euploea lacon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,lacon,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1894)", 8340,Euploea latifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,latifasciata,,,,,"Weymer, 1885", 8341,Euploea magou,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,magou,,,,,"Martin, 1912", 8342,Euploea martinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,martinii,,,,,"de Nicéville, 1893", 8343,Euploea mitra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,mitra,,,,,"Moore, 1857", 8344,Euploea tobleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,tobleri,,,,,"Semper, 1878", 8345,Euploea tripunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,tripunctata,,,,,"Joicey & Noakes, 1915", 8346,Euploea andamanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,andamanensis,,,,,"Atkinson, 1874", 8347,Euploea scherzeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,scherzeri,,,,,, 8348,Euploea swainson,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euploea,swainson,,,,,"(Godart, 1824)", 8373,Euproserpinus wiesti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,SPHINGIDAE,Euproserpinus,wiesti,,,,,"Sperry, 1939", 8376,Eupsophus migueli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,migueli,,,,,"Formas, 1978","Although, Correa et al. (2017) synonymized Eupsophus altor with E. migueli extending the range of E. migueli south to the Lingue River, Suárez-Villota et al. (2018) hypothesised that both are good species restoring the previous taxonomic arrangement. The taxonomic criteria used by Cuevas and Sanhueza (2020) agrees with the results obtained by Suárez-Villota et al. (2018), recognizing this taxon as a specific taxonomic unit different from E. altor." 8391,Eurycea nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,nana,,,,,"Bishop, 1941", 8392,Eurycea sosorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,sosorum,,,,,"Chippindale, Price & Hillis, 1993", 8393,Eurycea tridentifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,tridentifera,,,,,"Mitchell & Reddall, 1965", 8417,Protographium marcellinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Protographium,marcellinus,,,,,"(Doubleday, 1846)", 8439,Eximiorhagada asperrima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Eximiorhagada,asperrima,,,,,"Hedley, 1905", 8441,Esperiana esperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Esperiana,esperi,,,,,"(Ferussac, 1823)", 8488,Fallicambarus burrisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,burrisi,,,,,"(Fitzpatrick, 1987)", 8489,Fallicambarus danielae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,danielae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1975", 8490,Fallicambarus gilpini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,gilpini,,,,,"Hobbs & Robison, 1989", 8491,Fallicambarus gordoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,gordoni,,,,,"(Fitzpatrick, 1987)", 8492,Fallicambarus harpi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,harpi,,,,,"Hobbs & Robison, 1985", 8494,Fallicambarus petilicarpus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,petilicarpus,,,,,"Hobbs & Robison, 1989", 8495,Fallicambarus strawni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,strawni,,,,,"(Reimer, 1966)","This species was previously placed in the genus Cambarus (K. Crandall pers. comm. 2009)." 8496,Falniowskia neglectissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Falniowskia,neglectissima,,,,,"(Falniowski & Steffek, 1989)",One of many small spring-snail species that can be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 8550,Fenouilia kreitneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Fenouilia,kreitneri,,,,,"Neumayr, 1880", 8554,Ferrissia mcneili,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,mcneili,,,,,"Walker, 1925","Genetic examination of the molecular phylogeny of the global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American ancylid taxa form a well-supported clade, the Bulinini (Albrecht et al. 2007)." 8555,Fibulacamptus bisetosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Fibulacamptus,bisetosus,,,,,"Hamond, 1988", 8556,Fibulacamptus gracilior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,HARPACTICOIDA,CANTHOCAMPTIDAE,Fibulacamptus,gracilior,,,,,"Hamond, 1988", 8574,Fissilicreagris imperialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,NEOBISIIDAE,Fissilicreagris,imperialis,,,,,"(Muchmore, 1969)", 8576,Fissuria boui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Fissuria,boui,,,,,"Boeters, 1981","This is a valid species, confirmed by molecular analyses (Wilke et al. 2001 ; Prié, unpublished data)." 8621,Fluminicola avernalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Fluminicola,avernalis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1935","The NatureServe NatureExplorer database notes this as Pyrgulopsis avernalis (Pilsbry, 1935)." 8623,Fluminicola merriami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Fluminicola,merriami,,,,,"(Pilsbry & Beecher, 1892)", 8626,Fluminicola columbiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Fluminicola,columbiana,,,,,"Hemphill in Pilsbry,1899", 8627,Fluviopupa gracilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluviopupa,gracilis,,,,,"Iredale, 1944", 8628,Fluviopupa ramsayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fluviopupa,ramsayi,,,,,"Brazier, 1889", 8629,Fonscochlea accepta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fonscochlea,accepta,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins 1989", 8630,Fonscochlea aquatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fonscochlea,aquatica,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins 1989","Recent genetic work on this species shows that the Middle Springs, Northern and Freeling Springs groups are genetically very distinct (Ponder 1996)." 8631,Fonscochlea billakalina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fonscochlea,billakalina,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins 1989", 8632,Fonscochlea conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fonscochlea,conica,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins, 1989", 8633,Fonscochlea zeidleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Fonscochlea,zeidleri,,,,,"Ponder, Hershler & Jenkins 1989", 8640,Fontigens holsingeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,EMMERICIIDAE,Fontigens,holsingeri,,,,,"Hubricht, 1976", 8642,Formica aquilonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,aquilonia,,,,,"Yarrow, 1955","The Red Wood Ants include species from the Formica rufa group in Eurasia (including F. aquilonia, F. lugubris, F. polyctena, F. pratensis, F. rufa, and F. uralensis) (D. Agosti pers. comm. 1995)." 8643,Formica lugubris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,lugubris,,,,,"Zetterstedt, 1838","The Red Wood Ants include species from the Formica rufa group in Eurasia (including F. aquilonia, F. lugubris, F. polyctena, F. pratensis, F. rufa, and F. uralensis) (D. Agosti pers. comm. 1995)." 8644,Formica polyctena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,polyctena,,,,,"Foerster, 1850","The Red Wood Ants include species from the Formica rufa group in Eurasia (including F. aquilonia, F. lugubris, F. polyctena, F. pratensis, F. rufa, and F. uralensis) (D. Agosti pers. comm. 1995)." 8645,Formica rufa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,rufa,,,,,"Linneaus, 1761","The Red Wood Ants include species from the Formica rufa group in Eurasia (including F. aquilonia, F. lugubris, F. polyctena, F. pratensis, F. rufa, and F. uralensis) (D. Agosti pers. comm. 1995)." 8647,Formica uralensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,uralensis,,,,,"Ruzsky, 1895","The Red Wood Ants include species from the Formica rufa group in Eurasia (including F. aquilonia, F. lugubris, F. polyctena, F. pratensis, F. rufa, and F. uralensis) (D. Agosti pers. comm. 1995)." 8649,Formica dirksi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,dirksi,,,,,"Wing, 1949", 8650,Formica talbotae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formica,talbotae,,,,,"Wilson, 1977", 8656,Formicoxenus nitidulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formicoxenus,nitidulus,,,,,"(Nylander, 1846)", 8657,Formicoxenus sibiricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formicoxenus,sibiricus,,,,,"(Forel, 1899)", 8658,Formicoxenus provancheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formicoxenus,provancheri,,,,,"(Emery, 1895)", 8659,Formicoxenus quebecensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formicoxenus,quebecensis,,,,,"Francoeur, in Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985", 8660,Formicoxenus chamberlini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Formicoxenus,chamberlini,,,,,"(Wheeler, 1904)", 8764,Furcifer campani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,campani,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)", 8765,Furcifer labordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,labordi,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)", 8776,Fusconaia askewi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,askewi,,,,,"Marsh, 1896", 8779,Fusconaia escambia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,escambia,,,,,"Clench & Turner, 1956", 8781,Fusconaia masoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,masoni,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 8782,Fusconaia ozarkensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Fusconaia,ozarkensis,,,,,"(Call, 1887)","Important synonyms include Pleurobema argenteum pannosa (Simpson,1900), Pleurobema brevis var. subelliptica (Simpson, 1900) and Pleurobema utterbackii (Frierson in Utterback, 1916).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 8783,Cyclonaias succissa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyclonaias,succissa,,,,,"(Lea, 1852)","This species has been placed in the genus Quadrula from Fusconaia (Williams et al. 2008). Lydeard et al. (2000), in a discussion of molecular phylogeny, indicated this species is not a member of the genus Fusconaia. Recent mitochondrial DNA evidence suggests this species is closely related to, and may possibly require placement in, the genus Quadrula as a member of the pustulosa group (Serb et al. 2003).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 8784,Gadus morhua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Gadus,morhua,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 8811,Galaxias globiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,globiceps,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928", 8816,Galaxias zebratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,zebratus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 8881,Gallotia simonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gallotia,simonyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1889)","The fossil species Gallotia auaritae was described as a subspecies of Gallotia simonyi by Mateo et al. (2001). It has subsequently been widely accepted as a full species following Alfaro and Mateo (2003), although Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2019) note that no detailed formal justification for this has been provided." 8897,Gambusia aestiputeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,aestiputeus,,,,,"Fowler, 1950", 8901,Gammarus bousfieldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,GAMMARIDAE,Gammarus,bousfieldi,,,,,"Cole and Minckley, 1961", 8902,Gammarus desperatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,GAMMARIDAE,Gammarus,desperatus,,,,,"Cole, 1981", 8904,Gammarus pecos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,GAMMARIDAE,Gammarus,pecos,,,,,"Cole & Bousfield, 1970", 8905,Gammarus hyalelloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,GAMMARIDAE,Gammarus,hyalelloides,,,,,"Cole, 1976", 8952,Gastrocopta boninensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Gastrocopta,boninensis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1916", 8953,Gastrocopta chichijimana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Gastrocopta,chichijimana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1916", 8954,Gastrocopta ogasawarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Gastrocopta,ogasawarana,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1916", 8955,Haplochromis simpsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,simpsoni,,,,,"Greenwood, 1965", 8957,Haplochromis obtusidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,obtusidens,,,,,"Trewavas, 1928", 8993,Geminoropa scindocataracta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Geminoropa,scindocataracta,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1930)", 9000,Genophantis leahi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PYRALIDAE,Genophantis,leahi,,,,,"Swezey, 1910", 9007,Chelonoidis chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,chilensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1870)", 9008,Chelonoidis denticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,denticulata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 9010,Geochelone gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Geochelone,gigantea,,,,,"(Schweigger, 1812)", 9014,Astrochelys radiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Astrochelys,radiata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 9016,Astrochelys yniphora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Astrochelys,yniphora,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1885)", 9031,Geocrinia alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Geocrinia,alba,,,,,"Wardell-Johnson and Roberts, 1989", 9032,Geocrinia vitellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Geocrinia,vitellina,,,,,"Wardell-Johnson and Roberts, 1989", 9051,Geomitra moniziana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Geomitra,moniziana,,,,,"(Paiva, 1867)",Author name should possibly be in brackets? 9052,Geomitra tiarella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Geomitra,tiarella,,,,,"Webb & Berthelot, 1833", 9053,Craspedaria delphinuloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Craspedaria,delphinuloides,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1860)",The specific name may be better spelt as G. delphinula. 9072,Georissa biangulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Georissa,biangulata,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 9073,Georissa elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Georissa,elegans,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 9074,Georissa laevigata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Georissa,laevigata,,,,,"Quadras & Möllendorff, 1894", 9075,Georissa laseroni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Georissa,laseroni,,,,,"(Iredale, 1937)", 9076,Georissa rufula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Georissa,rufula,,,,,"Möllendorff, 1900", 9097,Gerbillus maghrebi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,maghrebi,,,,,"Schlitter & Setzer, 1972", 9121,Gerbillus floweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,floweri,,,,,"Thomas, 1919", 9140,Gerbillus perpallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,perpallidus,,,,,"Setzer, 1958", 9175,Gibberula cucullata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Gibberula,cucullata,,,,,"Gofas & Fernandes, 1987", 9176,Gibberula modica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Gibberula,modica,,,,,"Gofas & Fernandes, 1987", 9177,Gibberula puntillum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Gibberula,puntillum,,,,,"Gofas and Fernandes, 1988", 9178,Sinocyclocheilus cyphotergous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Sinocyclocheilus,cyphotergous,,,,,"(Dai, 1988)", 9179,Gibbus lyonetianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gibbus,lyonetianus,,,,,"Pallas, 1780", 9197,Gittenbergeria turriplana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRISSEXODONTIDAE,Gittenbergeria,turriplana,,,,,"(Morelet, 1845)","Type locality: ""Loulé"" (Algarve) (Portugal). G. turriplana has been judged closely related to Oestophora by some authors (Ortiz de Zárate 1962; Schileyko 1971; Prieto et al. 1993; Puente 1996; Steinke et al. 2004). However, Schileyko (1991, 2005) considered the Gittenbergeriinae a proper taxon classifying it as a subfamily within his Helicodontidae. New molecular evidences are in agreement with Schileyko and moreover, following the CLECOM system arrangement (Bank et al. 2001), propose to consider the Gittenbergeriidae Schileyko, 1991 as a separated family monotypic for Gittenbergeria turriplana (unpublished data)." 9199,Benthodorbis pawpela,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,GLACIDORBIDAE,Benthodorbis,pawpela,,,,,"(Smith, 1979)","This species was formerly classified as Glacidorbis pawpela, however it is now placed in the genus Benthodorbis (Ponder and Avern 2000)." 9200,Glacidorbis pedderi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,GLACIDORBIDAE,Glacidorbis,pedderi,,,,,"(Smith, 1973)", 9201,Glacidorbis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,GLACIDORBIDAE,Glacidorbis,occidentalis,,,,,"Bunn & Stoddart, 1983", 9244,Glaucopsyche xerces,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Glaucopsyche,xerces,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1852)", 9284,Glyphyalinia pecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Glyphyalinia,pecki,,,,,"Hubricht, 1966", 9285,Glyptophysa petiti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Glyptophysa,petiti,,,,,"Crosse, 1872","Further taxonomic work is suggested as the taxonomy of this genus is uncertain (S. Clark pers. comm. 2010). The genus Glyptophysa is found across virtually all of Australia, and many species have been described. The shells are morphologically very variable and no revision of the genus has been published to date. Therefore the genus could be made up of a few widespread species or many narrow range taxa (S. Clark pers. comm. 2011)." 9286,Glyptorhagada bordaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Glyptorhagada,bordaensis,,,,,"Angas, 1880", 9287,Glyptorhagada euglypta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Glyptorhagada,euglypta,,,,,"Tate, 1899", 9288,Glyptorhagada janaslini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Glyptorhagada,janaslini,,,,,"Solem, 1992", 9289,Glyptorhagada kooringensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Glyptorhagada,kooringensis,,,,,"Angas, 1877", 9290,Glyptorhagada silveri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Glyptorhagada,silveri,,,,,"Angas, 1868", 9291,Glyptorhagada tattawuppana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Glyptorhagada,tattawuppana,,,,,"Solem, 1992", 9295,Romanogobio albipinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,albipinnatus,,,,,"(Lukasch, 1933)",Appeared in Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the name Gobio albipinnatus. 9298,Romanogobio uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,uranoscopus,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1828)",Appeared in the 1996 to 2006 IUCN Red Lists under the name Gobio uranoscopus. 9314,Gonaxis usambarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonaxis,usambarensis,,,,,Verdcourt, 9315,Gonaxis vosseleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonaxis,vosseleri,,,,,Thiele, 9329,Gonidomus newtoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonidomus,newtoni,,,,,"Adams, 1867", 9330,Gonidomus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonidomus,sulcatus,,,,,"Peile, 1936", 9385,Gonospira bourguignati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,bourguignati,,,,,"(Dehayes, 1863)", 9386,Gonospira cylindrella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,cylindrella,,,,,"Adams, 1868", 9387,Gonospira deshayesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,deshayesi,,,,,"Adams, 1868", 9388,Gonospira duponti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,duponti,,,,,"Nevill, 1870", 9389,Gonospira funicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,funicula,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1842)", 9390,Gonospira turgidula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,turgidula,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1863)", 9391,Gonospira uvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,uvula,,,,,"Deshayes, 1863", 9392,Gonospira nevilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,nevilli,,,,,"Adams, 1867", 9393,Gonospira holostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,holostoma,,,,,"Morelet, 1875", 9394,Gonospira madgei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,madgei,,,,,"Kennard, 1943", 9395,Gonospira striaticostus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,striaticostus,,,,,"Morelet, 1866", 9396,Gonospira teres,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gonospira,teres,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1856", 9397,Gonyostomus insularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Gonyostomus,insularis,,,,,"Leme, 1974", 9398,Gonyostomus gonyostomus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROPHOCHEILIDAE,Gonyostomus,gonyostomus,,,,,"(Férussac, 1921)", 9401,Gopherus berlandieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Gopherus,berlandieri,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1857)", 9403,Gopherus polyphemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Gopherus,polyphemus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 9427,Graellsia isabelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,SATURNIIDAE,Graellsia,isabelae,,,,,"(Graëlls, 1849)", 9463,Granulina parilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MARGINELLIDAE,Granulina,parilis,,,,,"Gofas & Fernandes, 1988", 9464,Granulomelon grandituberculatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Granulomelon,grandituberculatum,,,,,"(Tate, 1894)","In the latest taxonomic revision of this taxon by Criscione & Köhler (2016), this species has been delineated more widely than before by Solem (1993). In particular, the two species G. acerbum and G. gilleni previously recognised as distinct have now been placed in the synonymy of G. grandituberculatum." 9470,Graphium aurivilliusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,aurivilliusi,,,,,"(Seeldrayers, 1896)",There are no known subspecies of this species. 9471,Graphium epaminondas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,epaminondas,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1879)", 9472,Graphium idaeoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,idaeoides,,,,,"Hewitson, 1855", 9473,Graphium levassori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,levassori,,,,,"Oberthür, 1890",There are no subspecies of Graphium levassori. 9475,Graphium megaera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,megaera,,,,,"Staudinger, 1888", 9477,Graphium procles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,procles,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1887","This species is very similar to Graphium doson, but is considered a valid species by D’Abrera (1982), Tsukada and Nishiyama (1982) and Robinson (1975-76)." 9478,Graphium sandawanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,sandawanum,,,,,"Yamamoto, 1977", 9479,Graphium stresemanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,stresemanni,,,,,"Rothschild, 1916", 9494,Graphoderus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Graphoderus,bilineatus,,,,,"Galewski, 1976", 9507,Graptodytes delectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Graptodytes,delectus,,,,,"Wollaston, 1864", 9509,Graziana lacheineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,lacheineri,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)", 9510,Graziana pupula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,pupula,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)","The species has various synonyms that need to be added to the record; Paludinella pupula Westerlund, 1886, Belgrandiella alzonae A.J. Wagner (1928); see Gloer, 2002 p. 115." 9511,Graziana klagenfurtensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graziana,klagenfurtensis,,,,,"Haase, 1994", 9529,Grylloblatta chirurgica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,GRYLLOBLATTODEA,GRYLLOBLATTIDAE,Grylloblatta,chirurgica,,,,,"Gurney, 1961", 9532,Gulella plantii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,plantii,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1856)", 9533,Glabrennea thomasseti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Glabrennea,thomasseti,,,,,"(Sykes, 1909)","Originally described as Ennea thomasseti Sykes, 1909. Placed into Gulella by Connolly (1925) and Germain (1934). A recent revision provisionally placed this into Gulella, but noted that it may be a distinct genus (Gerlach and Bruggen 1999), along with 'G.' gardineri and 'G.' silhouettensis. This species has now changed genus, along with 'G.' gardineri and 'G.' silhouettensis, from Gulella to Glabrennea (Schileyko 2000)." 9534,Gulella antelmeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,antelmeana,,,,,"Peile, 1936", 9535,Gulella mayottensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,mayottensis,,,,,"(Connolly, 1885)", 9536,Gulella alleni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,alleni,,,,,"Verdcourt, 1974", 9537,Gulella amaniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,amaniensis,,,,,"Verdcourt, 1953", 9538,Gulella bomolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,bomolensis,,,,,"Verdcourt, 1953", 9540,Gulella cuspidata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,cuspidata,,,,,Verdcourt, 9541,Gulella foliifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,foliifera,,,,,"von Martens, 1895", 9543,Gulella greenwayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,greenwayi,,,,,Verdcourt, 9544,Gulella grossa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,grossa,,,,,"von Martens, 1892", 9546,Gulella inconspicua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,inconspicua,,,,,Thiele, 9547,Gulella intrusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,intrusa,,,,,"Verdcourt, 1956", 9550,Gulella ludwigi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,ludwigi,,,,,Verdcourt & Venmans, 9551,Gulella ndamanyiluensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,ndamanyiluensis,,,,,Venmans, 9552,Gulella paucidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,paucidens,,,,,"Verdcourt, 1953", 9554,Gulella taitensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,taitensis,,,,,Verdcourt, 9555,Gulella translucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,translucida,,,,,"K. Pfeiffer, 1852", 9556,Gulella unidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,unidentata,,,,,K. Pfeiffer, 9559,Gulella usambarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Gulella,usambarica,,,,,"Craven, 1880", 9560,Gulickia alexandri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Gulickia,alexandri,,,,,"Cooke, 1915", 9563,Gyliotrachela catherina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PUPILLIDAE,Gyliotrachela,catherina,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 9565,Gymnocephalus schraetser,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Gymnocephalus,schraetser,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 9566,Gymnocephalus acerina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Gymnocephalus,acerina,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 9568,Gymnocephalus cernua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Gymnocephalus,cernua,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 9597,Gyrotoma excisa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Gyrotoma,excisa,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1843)", 9598,Gyrotoma lewisii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Gyrotoma,lewisii,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1869)", 9599,Gyrotoma pagoda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Gyrotoma,pagoda,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1845)", 9600,Gyrotoma pumila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Gyrotoma,pumila,,,,,"(I. Lea, 1860)", 9601,Gyrotoma pyramidata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Gyrotoma,pyramidata,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1845)", 9602,Gyrotoma walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Gyrotoma,walkeri,,,,,"(H.H. Smith, 1924)", 9613,Hacrochlamys lineolatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,EUCONULIDAE,Hacrochlamys,lineolatus,,,,,"Pilsbry and Hirase, no date", 9614,Youwanjela wilsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Youwanjela,wilsoni,,,,,"(Solem, 1979)", 9663,Halolimnohelix conradti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HALOLIMNOHELICIDAE,Halolimnohelix,conradti,,,,,von Martens, 9686,Haplochromis annectidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,annectidens,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 9687,Haplochromis lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,lividus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1956", 9688,Haplochromis obliquidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,obliquidens,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1888)", 9693,Haplophthalmus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,TRICHONISCIDAE,Haplophthalmus,abbreviatus,,,,,"Verhoeff, 1928", 9694,Haplophthalmus rhinoceros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,TRICHONISCIDAE,Haplophthalmus,rhinoceros,,,,,"Verhoeff, 1930", 9697,Harmogenanina argentea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Harmogenanina,argentea,,,,,"Reeve, 1852", 9698,Harmogenanina detecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Harmogenanina,detecta,,,,,"Ferussac, 1827","Closely related to the Mauritian H. semicerina but differs from it by its strictly ground-dwelling lifestyle, more compressed form, its more convex whorls, the specific characteristics of its body whorl, keel and aperture and by its more prominent sculpture. H. subdetecta Germain, 1918, is considered here as a synonym." 9699,Harmogenanina implicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Harmogenanina,implicata,,,,,"Nevill, 1870", 9700,Harmogenanina subdetecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Harmogenanina,subdetecta,,,,,"Germain, 1918", 9701,Harmogenanina linophora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Harmogenanina,linophora,,,,,"Morelet, 1860", 9714,Haplochromis nyanzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nyanzae,,,,,"Greenwood, 1962", 9717,Haplochromis boops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,boops,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 9718,Haplochromis pachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pachycephalus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 9719,Haplochromis thuragnathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,thuragnathus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967", 9721,Haplochromis artaxerxes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,artaxerxes,,,,,"Greenwood, 1962", 9722,Ctenochromis pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ctenochromis,pectoralis,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1893", 9725,Haplochromis michaeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,michaeli,,,,,"Trewavas, 1928", 9726,Haplochromis paraplagiostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,paraplagiostoma,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969", 9727,Haplochromis worthingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,worthingtoni,,,,,"Regan, 1929",Appeared in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under two different names: and Prognathochromis worthingtoni and Haplochromis worthingtoni but with exactly the same assessements.. 9729,Harpagochromis sp. nov. 'frogmouth',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Harpagochromis,sp. nov. 'frogmouth',,,,,,"Nine collections from Lake Victoria (6 from Kenya, 3 from Uganda). Voucher numbers: (Kenya) MCZ 100148, MCZ 100271, MCZ 123842, MCZ 123844, MCZ 125977, MCZ 140956; (Uganda) MCZ 125968, MCZ 135751, MCZ 136646." 9731,Harpagoxenus canadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Harpagoxenus,canadensis,,,,,"Smith, 1939", 9732,Harpagoxenus sublaevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Harpagoxenus,sublaevis,,,,,"Nylander, 1849", 9743,Islamia minuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,minuta,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","All Islamia species are similar in shape and show high intraspecific variations. They are therefore often misidentified. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of this genus should be re-evaluated on a molecular basis." 9744,Hauffenia kerschneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,kerschneri,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1930)","There are two subspecies: Hauffenia kerschneri kerschneri and Hauffenia kerschneri loichiana Haase, 1993" 9745,Hauffenia sp. nov.,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,sp. nov.,,,,,, 9746,Hauffenia wienerwaldensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hauffenia,wienerwaldensis,,,,,"Haase, 1992", 9747,Hedleya macleayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Hedleya,macleayi,,,,,"Cox, 1892", 9748,Hedleyoconcha ailaketoae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Hedleyoconcha,ailaketoae,,,,,"Stanisic, 1990", 9763,Heleioporus albopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Heleioporus,albopunctatus,,,,,"Gray, 1841", 9765,Helenoconcha leptalea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenoconcha,leptalea,,,,,"(Smith, 1892)", 9766,Helenoconcha minutissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenoconcha,minutissima,,,,,"(Smith, 1892)", 9767,Helenoconcha polyodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenoconcha,polyodon,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1844)", 9768,Helenoconcha pseustes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenoconcha,pseustes,,,,,"(Smith, 1892)", 9769,Helenoconcha sexdentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenoconcha,sexdentata,,,,,"(Smith, 1893)", 9770,Helenodiscus bilamellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenodiscus,bilamellata,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1844)", 9771,Helenodiscus vernoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenodiscus,vernoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1892)", 9786,Helicarion australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Helicarion,australis,,,,,"Reeve, 1862", 9787,Helicarion leopardina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Helicarion,leopardina,,,,,"Iredale, 1941", 9788,Helicarion porrectus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Helicarion,porrectus,,,,,"Iredale, 1941", 9789,Helicarion rubicundus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Helicarion,rubicundus,,,,,"Dartnall & Kershaw, 1978", 9792,Xerotricha bierzona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,bierzona,,,,,"(Gittenberger & Manga, 1977)", 9793,Xerotricha gasulli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,gasulli,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zarate, 1950)","Some authors consider this species must be included in the genus Helicella instead of Xerotricha (Giusti and Manganelli 1989, Arrébola 1995)." 9794,Xerotricha mariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,mariae,,,,,"(Gasull, 1974)","Since its description by Gasull (1972), the taxonomic status of the hygromiid Helicella (Xerotricha) mariae has been considered uncertain. It was collected from a single locality in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in the province of Almería: “Sierra de Gata, Barranco del Sabinal, Cumbres del Mediodía”. However, the correct name for the locality would be ""Sierra del Cabo de Gata"" where there is a ravine (barranco) named Sabinar instead of Sabinal (with 5 endemic plants described). Description and generic assignment of this snail were based on conchological (= shell) characteristics only. The reproductive system of three syntypes was studied by E. Gittenberger (in Gasull 1972), but these were found to be sexually immature. Finally, the subgenus Xerotricha was named with some doubts by Gasull (1972). Ruiz et al. (2006) indicated that because it has never again been found in its type locality nor in the rest of the Sierra de Gata, both its presence and its taxonomical validity must be confirmed. Martínez-Ortí and Uribe (2008) also indicate that both the taxonomical validity and the generic placement in the Family Hygromiidae are yet to be confirmed. Martínez-Ortí (2008) studying (conchologically) the type series of the species concludes Helicella mariae must be considered a junior synonym of Xerotricha conspurcata. However, new samplings in the type locality and its surroundings have discovered living specimens of a species distinct from X. conspurcata, although with similar general conchological features. Several specimens were dissected but were also sexually immature. Even so, the genital anatomy resembled those of the Xerocrassa genus (A. Ruiz pers. comm. 2010).

Future samplings will be made during more appropriate seasons in order to find sexually mature specimens. However, we must consider that X. conspurcata is not distributed in the province of Almería (Arrébola 1995), except in its northern part where there is a single record given by Puente (1994)." 9795,Helicella orzai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,orzai,,,,,"Gittenberger & Manga, 1981", 9796,Helicella stiparum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,stiparum,,,,,"Rossmässler, 1854",The generic/subgeneric status of this species must be confirmed. Comparative anatomic and genetic studies including closest species and genera (even North Africans) could be explanatory. 9797,Helicella striatitala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,striatitala,,,,,"Prieto, 1985", 9798,Xerotricha zaratei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,zaratei,,,,,"(Gittenberger & Manga, 1977)","Some authors consider that this species must be included in Helicella instead of Xerotricha genus (Gittenberger and  Manga 1977)." 9799,Xerotricha zujarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerotricha,zujarensis,,,,,"(Ortiz de Zarate, 1950)","This species, described by Ortiz de Zárate (1950) using a single specimen, was classified by this author in a new subgenus of the genus Helicella. The taxonomic classification of this species needs to be clarified (especially the status of the genus)." 9800,Helicina rostrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HELICINIDAE,Helicina,rostrata,,,,,"Morelet, 1851", 9801,Helicodiscus diadema,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODISCIDAE,Helicodiscus,diadema,,,,,"Grimm, 1967", 9802,Helicodiscus hexodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODISCIDAE,Helicodiscus,hexodon,,,,,"Hubricht, 1966", 9804,Heliconius nattereri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Heliconius,nattereri,,,,,"Felder, 1865", 9806,Xeroleuca conopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeroleuca,conopsis,,,,,"(Morelet,1876)","This species comes from Morocco and should be considered of uncertain generic placement (E. Neubert. pers. comm. 2018). The species was placed into Helicopsis (Xeroleuca) based on anatomical data, however, the shell shape and sculpture could place it differently to other species of Helicopsis (M. Seddon pers. comm. 2018), but we use the subgeneric status and place the species within genus Xeroleuca." 9807,Helicostyla smargadina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Helicostyla,smargadina,,,,,"(Reeve, 1842)", 9808,Helicoverpa confusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Helicoverpa,confusa,,,,,"Hardwick, 1965", 9809,Helicoverpa minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Helicoverpa,minuta,,,,,"Hardwick, 1965", 9810,Heliodiaptomus kolleruensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Heliodiaptomus,kolleruensis,,,,,"Reddy & Radhakrishna, 1981", 9811,Heliodiaptomus pulcher,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Heliodiaptomus,pulcher,,,,,"(Gurney, 1907)", 9843,Helix ceratina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,ceratina,,,,,"Shuttleworth, 1843", 9844,Helix godetiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,godetiana,,,,,"Kobelt, 1878", 9845,Moreletina obruta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Moreletina,obruta,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","Moreletina obruta was described as a fossil. Backhuys (1975:203) attributed it cautiously to the genus Cernuella. Martins et al. (1991) found it alive and placed it under Helicella. Finally Martins (2002) placed it in a separate genus, Moreletina. Two ecomorphs were recognized, their true taxonomic identity awaits molecular analysis." 9847,Helminthoglypta allynsmithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Helminthoglypta,allynsmithi,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1939", 9852,Helminthoglypta callistoderma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Helminthoglypta,callistoderma,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1917", 9853,Helminthoglypta mohaveana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Helminthoglypta,mohaveana,,,,,"S.S. Berry, 1927", 9859,Helminthoglypta walkeriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Helminthoglypta,walkeriana,,,,,"(Hemphill, 1911)", 9860,Helminthoglypta coelata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE,Helminthoglypta,coelata,,,,,"(Bartsch, 1916)", 9865,Heloderma suspectum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HELODERMATIDAE,Heloderma,suspectum,,,,,"Cope, 1869", 9870,Hemiboeckella powellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,CENTROPAGIDAE,Hemiboeckella,powellensis,,,,,"Bayly, 1979", 9872,Hemicordulia okinawensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,okinawensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1947", 9875,Hemicycla inutilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,inutilis,,,,,"Mousson, 1872", 9876,Hemicycla mascaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,mascaensis,,,,,"Alonso & Ibanez, 1988", 9878,Hemicycla plicaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,plicaria,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 9879,Hemicycla pouchadan,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,pouchadan,,,,,"Ibanez & Alonso, 2007 ","This taxon was originally assessed under the name Hemicycla pouchet for the Red List, however the nomenclature has changed and it is now renamed as Hemicycla pouchadan (Ibanez and Alonso 2007)." 9880,Hemicycla berkeleii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,berkeleii,,,,,"Lowe, 1861", 9881,Hemicycla glyceia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,glyceia,,,,,"(Mabille, 1882)","There are two known subspecies for this species, Hemicycla glyceia glyceia is only known as a Quaternary fossil, whereas Hemicycla glyceia silensis is known living." 9882,Hemicycla saulcyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,saulcyi,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1839", 9884,Hemidiaptomus kummerloewei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Hemidiaptomus,kummerloewei,,,,,"Mann, 1940", 9890,Hemimyzon taitungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Hemimyzon,taitungensis,,,,,"Tzeng & Shen, 1982", 9892,Hemisaga elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Hemisaga,elongata,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 9893,Hemisaga lucifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Hemisaga,lucifer,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 9894,Hemisaga vepreculae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Hemisaga,vepreculae,,,,,"Rentz, 1993", 9907,Hemistena lata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hemistena,lata,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 9908,Hemistomia beaumonti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,beaumonti,,,,,"Ponder, 1982", 9909,Hemistomia flexicolumella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,flexicolumella,,,,,"Ponder, 1982", 9910,Hemistomia gemma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,gemma,,,,,"Ponder, 1982", 9911,Hemistomia minutissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,minutissima,,,,,"Ponder, 1982", 9912,Hemistomia pusillior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,pusillior,,,,,"Iredale, 1944", 9913,Hemistomia whiteleggei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,whiteleggei,,,,,"Brazier, 1889", 9917,Nilgiritragus hylocrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Nilgiritragus,hylocrius,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1838)","

The Nilgiri Tahr was first described by Gray from a drawing and notes of General Hardwicke, and they were said to have been sent from Nepal and from Chittagong. However, it has hitherto only been found on the Neelgherry and adjacent hills, extending south along the Western Ghats nearly to Cape Comorin. The specific name given by Gray was the Tamul, word for rock or precipice goat. It was called Ibex by sportsmen in Madras (Jerdon, 1874).  Later, Rice, (1984) provided a detailed description on the taxonomic history of Tahr. The Nilgiri Tahr was first named Kemas hylocrius by (Ogilby, 1838). Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, Ropiquet and Hassanin (2005) proposed the name Nilgiritragus hylocrius for the species as it is claimed that the three species of Tahr (Himalayan, Arabian and Nilgiri) have had different lineages.

We follow Ropiquet and Hassanin (2005)in removing this species from the genus Hemitragus, and placing it in the monotypic genus Nilgiritragus, based on analyses of four molecular markers. No subspecies are recognized.

" 9973,Hesperodiaptomus augustaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Hesperodiaptomus,augustaensis,,,,,"(Turner, 1910)", 9974,Hesperodiaptomus californiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Hesperodiaptomus,californiensis,,,,,"Scanlin & Reid, 1996", 9980,Hetaerina rudis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,rudis,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 9981,Heteragrion eboratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,eboratum,,,,,"Donnelly, 1965", 9982,Heteragrion tricellulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,tricellulare,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 9993,Heterocyclus perroquini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heterocyclus,perroquini,,,,,"Crosse, 1872", 9994,Heterocyclus petiti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Heterocyclus,petiti,,,,,"(Crosse, 1872)","Might be Fluvidona petterdi (Hedley, 1904)." 216,Acicula palaestinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,palaestinensis,,,,,"Forcart, 1981", 217,Acicula hausdorfi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,hausdorfi,,,,,"Boeters, Gittenberger & Subai, 1989", 218,Acilius duvergeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Acilius,duvergeri,,,,,"Dettner, 1982", 166,Achatina vignoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINIDAE,Achatina,vignoniana,,,,,"Morelet , 1874", 167,Achatinella abbreviata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,abbreviata,,,,,"Reeve, 1850", 168,Achatinella apexfulva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,apexfulva,,,,,"(Dixon, 1789)", 169,Achatinella bellula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,bellula,,,,,"Smith, 1873", 170,Achatinella buddii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,buddii,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 171,Achatinella bulimoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,bulimoides,,,,,"Swainson, 1828", 172,Achatinella byronii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,byronii,,,,,"(Wood, 1828)", 173,Achatinella caesia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,caesia,,,,,"Gulick, 1858", 174,Achatinella casta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,casta,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 175,Achatinella cestus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,cestus,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 176,Achatinella concavospira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,concavospira,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1859", 177,Achatinella curta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,curta,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 178,Achatinella decipiens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,decipiens,,,,,"Newcomb, 1854", 179,Achatinella decora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,decora,,,,,"(Férussac, 1821)", 180,Achatinella dimorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,dimorpha,,,,,"Gulick, 1858", 181,Achatinella elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,elegans,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 182,Achatinella fulgens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,fulgens,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 183,Achatinella fuscobasis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,fuscobasis,,,,,"(Smith, 1873)", 184,Achatinella juddii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,juddii,,,,,"Baldwin, 1895", 185,Achatinella juncea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,juncea,,,,,"Gulick, 1856", 186,Achatinella lehuiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,lehuiensis,,,,,"Smith, 1873", 188,Achatinella lila,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,lila,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1914", 189,Achatinella livida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,livida,,,,,"Swainson, 1828", 190,Achatinella lorata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,lorata,,,,,"(Férussac, 1824)", 191,Achatinella mustelina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,mustelina,,,,,"Mighels, 1845", 192,Achatinella papyracea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,papyracea,,,,,"Gulick, 1856", 193,Achatinella phaeozona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,phaeozona,,,,,"Gulick, 1856", 194,Achatinella pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,pulcherrima,,,,,"Swainson, 1828", 195,Achatinella pupukanioe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,pupukanioe,,,,,"Pilsbry & Cooke, 1914", 197,Achatinella sowerbyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,sowerbyana,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1855", 198,Achatinella spaldingi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,spaldingi,,,,,"Pilsbry & Cooke, 1914", 199,Achatinella stewartii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,stewartii,,,,,"Green, 1827", 200,Achatinella swiftii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,swiftii,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 201,Achatinella taeniolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,taeniolata,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1846", 202,Achatinella thaanumi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,thaanumi,,,,,"Pilsbry & Cooke, 1914", 203,Achatinella turgida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,turgida,,,,,"Newcomb, 1853", 204,Achatinella valida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,valida,,,,,"Pfeiffer, 1855", 205,Achatinella viridans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,viridans,,,,,"Mighels, 1845", 207,Achatinella vulpina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,vulpina,,,,,"(Férussac, 1824)", 209,Achatinella leucorrhaphe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ACHATINELLIDAE,Achatinella,leucorrhaphe,,,,,"(Gulick, 1873)", 212,Acheilognathus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,elongatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)","Originally Acanthorhodeus elongatus by Regan (1908). Acanthorhodeus grahami Nichols (1918) was its synonym by Wu (1964). Valid as Acheilognathus elongatus (Regan) by Chen & Li in Chu & Chen 1989." 282,Acrantophis dumerili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Acrantophis,dumerili,,,,,"Jan, 1860","

Specimens in the south and southeast require further taxonomic study (Glaw and Vences 2007). The northernmost records might be a hybrid zone with A. madagascariensis.

" 283,Acrantophis madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Acrantophis,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)", 313,Acrodipsas illidgei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Acrodipsas,illidgei,,,,,"(Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)", 314,Acrolophitus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrolophitus,pulchellus,,,,,"(Bruner, 1890)", 499,Actinella actinophora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,actinophora,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)","Wollaston (1878) described two varieties of this species, the nominate race actinophora and var. β descendens. Walden (1983) treated these as subspecies in his list, and Bank et al. (2002) retained these subspecies in their list." 500,Plebecula anaglyptica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Plebecula,anaglyptica,,,,,"(Reeve, 1852)", 501,Actinella armitageana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,armitageana,,,,,"(Lowe, 1852)","" 502,Actinella carinofausta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,carinofausta,,,,,"Waldén, 1983","This was listed as Actinella Form II in Waldén (1983), whereas other authors considered the species to be part of Actinella fausta. Bank et al. (2002) listed the taxa suggesting the type locality must be Estreito de Camara de Lobos" 503,Domunculifex littorinella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Domunculifex,littorinella,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1883)","

Waldén (1983) created Actinella (Plebecula) effugiens nov. nom. for Helix lurida Lowe, 1831 (not C. Pfeiffer, 1828) but overlooked Actinella (Plebecula) littorinella (Mabille, 1883) (Bank et al. 2002).

The species was moved to genus Domunculifex by Brozzo et al. (2020).

" 504,Actinella fausta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,fausta,,,,,"(Lowe, 1831)", 505,Plebecula giramica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Plebecula,giramica,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)",Mandahl-Barth (1950) and Bank et al. (2002) treat this as a separate species. Waldén (1983) noted the status as a distinct species from nitidiuscula was uncertain. Seddon (pers. comm. 2010) noted that detailed surveying may allow the recognition of the species limits between A. nitidiuscula and A. giramica. 506,Actinella laciniosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,laciniosa,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 507,Actinella obserata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,obserata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)","

Seddon (2008) noted that it appeared closely allied to the Quaternary fossil species Actinella (Faustella) promontoriensis, which also has a bisinuosity, which is more strongly developed, and a shell which appears more globose, with a more shouldered whorl (not as acutely keeled).  A. promontoriensis is a common fossil species on the peninsular at the eastern end of the island.

" 508,Actinella robusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Actinella,robusta,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)","

This was listed as Actinella Form III in Waldén (1983), whereas other authors considered the species to be part of Actinella fausta.  Bank et al. (2002) listed it as a valid species. 

" 511,Actinonaias pectorosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Actinonaias,pectorosa,,,,,"Conrad, 1834", 513,Adelocosa anops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Adelocosa,anops,,,,,"Gertsch, 1973", 515,Adelopoma stolli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Adelopoma,stolli,,,,,"Martens, 1890", 520,Adelotus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Adelotus,brevis,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 522,Adetomyrma venatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Adetomyrma,venatrix,,,,,"Ward, 1994", 524,Advena campbelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Advena,campbelli,,,,,"Gray, 1834", 525,Advena charon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Advena,charon,,,,,"Preston, 1913", 526,Aegialia concinna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aegialia,concinna,,,,,"Gordon & Cartwright, 1977", 527,Aegialia crescenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aegialia,crescenta,,,,,"Gordon & Cartwright, 1977", 530,Aegista inexpectata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Aegista,inexpectata,,,,,"Kuroda & Minato, 1977", 531,Aegista intonsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Aegista,intonsa,,,,,"Pilsbry & Hirase, 1902", 564,Aeshna williamsoniana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,williamsoniana,,,,,"Calvert, 1905","Probably does not belong in this genus; of uncertain position, but more closely related to Rhionaeschna and Andaeshna than to Aeshna (von Ellenrieder 2003)." 59,Acanthinula spinifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Acanthinula,spinifera,,,,,"Mousson, 1872", 611,Afrocyclops pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Afrocyclops,pauliani,,,,,"Lindberg, 1951", 622,Agabus clypealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Agabus,clypealis,,,,,"(Thomson, 1867)", 623,Agabus discicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Agabus,discicollis,,,,,"Ancey, 1883", 624,Agabus hozgargantae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Agabus,hozgargantae,,,,,"Burmeister, 1983", 678,Agathothoma finalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,TURRIDAE,Agathothoma,finalis,,,,,"Rolán and Fernandes, 1993", 693,Aglaodiaptomus kingsburyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Aglaodiaptomus,kingsburyae,,,,,"(A. Robertson, 1975)", 694,Aglaodiaptomus marshianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Aglaodiaptomus,marshianus,,,,,"(M.S. Wilson, 1953)", 775,Alasmidonta heterodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,heterodon,,,,,"Lea, 1830","It is possible that genetic analyses will split this species into more than one taxon (Bogan 2000). Based on the analysis of the gene sequences, Bogan et al. (2008) have placed Alasmidonta heterodon in a clade separate from the type species of Alasmidonta, A. undulata. They argue for the elevation of the subgenus Prolasmidonta (Ortmann, 1914) with the type species Alasmidonta heterdon, to create Prolasmidonta heterodon.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 777,Alasmidonta robusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,robusta,,,,,"Clarke, 1981", 778,Alasmidonta wrightiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,wrightiana,,,,,"(Walker, 1901)", 780,Alasmidonta mccordi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,mccordi,,,,,"Athearn, 1964","The current spelling of the specific name is correct. Clarke's (1985) spelling change, Alasmidonta maccordi, was unjustified and constituted a recommendation only (Turgeon et al. 1998).

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 788,Alburnus albidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,albidus,,,,,"(Costa, 1838)", 80,Acanthocyclops hypogeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,HEXANAUPLIA,CYCLOPOIDA,CYCLOPIDAE,Acanthocyclops,hypogeus,,,,,"(Kiefer, 1930)","Synonym = Diacyclops hypogeus Kiefer, 1930." 81,Salmo ohridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,ohridanus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1892", 82,Acanthametropus pecatonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,EPHEMEROPTERA,ACANTHAMETROPODIDAE,Acanthametropus,pecatonica,,,,,"(Burks, 1953) ", 83,Acanthomyops latipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,FORMICIDAE,Acanthomyops,latipes,,,,,"(Walsh, 1863)", 840,Algyroides marchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Algyroides,marchi,,,,,"Valverde, 1958", 862,Allanaspides helonomus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ANASPIDACEA,ANASPIDIDAE,Allanaspides,helonomus,,,,,"Swain, Wilson, Hickman & Ong, 1970", 863,Allanaspides hickmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ANASPIDACEA,ANASPIDIDAE,Allanaspides,hickmani,,,,,"Swain, Wilson & Ong, 1971", 869,Allocharopa erskinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Allocharopa,erskinensis,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1930)", 870,Allocharopa okeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Allocharopa,okeana,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1947)", 871,Allocharopa tarravillensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Allocharopa,tarravillensis,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1930)", 873,Allocrangonyx hubrichti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Allocrangonyx,hubrichti,,,,,"Holsinger, 1971", 874,Allocrangonyx pellucidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,CRANGONYCTIDAE,Allocrangonyx,pellucidus,,,,,"Mackin, 1935", 876,Allodiaptomus satanas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MAXILLOPODA,CALANOIDA,DIAPTOMIDAE,Allodiaptomus,satanas,,,,,"(Brehm, 1952)", 877,Allognathus graellsianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Allognathus,graellsianus,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1853)", 879,Alloperla roberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PLECOPTERA,CHLOROPERLIDAE,Alloperla,roberti,,,,,"Surdick, 1981", 886,Aloeides carolynnae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,carolynnae,,,,,"Dickson, 1983", 896,Alona sketi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,CHYDORIDAE,Alona,sketi,,,,,"Brancelj, 1992", 897,Alona hercegovinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,CHYDORIDAE,Alona,hercegovinae,,,,,"Brancelj, 1990", 898,Alona smirnovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,DIPLOSTRACA,CHYDORIDAE,Alona,smirnovi,,,,,"Petkovsky & Flossner,1972", 9,Aaptosyax grypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Aaptosyax,grypus,,,,,"Rainboth, 1991", 903,Alosa alosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,alosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 905,Alosa macedonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,macedonica,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1921)","Recent molecular studies have demonstrated that all shads endemic to the Aegean, Black and Caspian Sea basins, including Alosa macedonica, share close phylogenetic relationships. Their taxonomy may therefore be revised in the future." 906,Alosa maeotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,maeotica,,,,,"(Grimm, 1901)","Recent molecular studies found all sea- and coast-spawing shads from the Aegean, Black and Caspian Sea basins to be very closely related and their taxonomy might be revised in the future. This species complex also includes Alosa maeotica. We follow the traditional species concept until this species complex will be resolved." 907,Alosa immaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,immaculata,,,,,"Bennett, 1835", 980,Alzoniella hartwigschuetti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Alzoniella,hartwigschuetti,,,,,"(Reischütz, 1983)",This species is one of many small spring-snails that can be most easily be identified using anatomical characters of the reproductive system. 984,Amanipodagrion gilliesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Amanipodagrion,gilliesi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1962", 985,Amastra cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,cylindrica,,,,,"(Newcomb, 1854)", 986,Amastra micans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,micans,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1859)", 987,Amastra rubens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,rubens,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)", 988,Amastra spirizona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,spirizona,,,,,"(Ferussac, 1911)", 989,Amastra albolabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,albolabris,,,,,Newcomb, 990,Amastra cornea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,cornea,,,,,Newcomb, 991,Amastra crassilabrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,crassilabrum,,,,,Newcomb, 992,Amastra elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,elongata,,,,,Newcomb, 993,Amastra forbesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,forbesi,,,,,Newcomb, 994,Amastra pellucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,pellucida,,,,,Newcomb, 995,Amastra porcus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,porcus,,,,,Newcomb, 996,Amastra reticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,reticulata,,,,,Newcomb, 997,Amastra subrostrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,subrostrata,,,,,Newcomb, 998,Amastra subsoror,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,subsoror,,,,,Newcomb, 999,Amastra tenuispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AMASTRIDAE,Amastra,tenuispira,,,,,Newcomb, 13151166,Channa argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,argus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1842)", 13151841,Hucho ishikawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Hucho,ishikawae,,,,,"Mori, 1928", 13151858,Acanthodactylus boueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,boueti,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1917", 13151869,Acanthodactylus guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,guineensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 13151884,Acanthodactylus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,senegalensis,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1918","This species has been confused with the similar Acanthodactylus dumerilii (Trape et al. 2012)." 13151893,Gastropholis echinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gastropholis,echinata,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 13151906,Gastropholis prasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gastropholis,prasina,,,,,"Werner, 1904", 13151916,Gastropholis tropidopholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gastropholis,tropidopholis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 13151928,Gastropholis vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Gastropholis,vittata,,,,,"Fischer, 1886", 13151944,Holaspis guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Holaspis,guentheri,,,,,"Gray, 1863","Holaspis laevis has variously been treated as a subspecies of H. guentheri (e.g. Branch 1998, Spawls et al. 2018) or as a full species (e.g. Broadley 2000, Greenbaum et al. 2011, Trape et al. 2012). The latter scheme is now accepted (Arnold 2002) and is followed here." 13151955,Holaspis laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Holaspis,laevis,,,,,"Werner, 1895","Holaspis laevis has variously been treated as a subspecies of H. guentheri (e.g. Branch 1998, Spawls et al. 2018) or as a full species (e.g. Broadley 2000, Greenbaum et al. 2011, Trape et al. 2012). The latter scheme is now accepted (Arnold 2002) and is followed here." 13151966,Latastia ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,ornata,,,,,"Monard, 1940", 13151975,Latastia siebenrocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,siebenrocki,,,,,"(Tornier, 1905)","The provenance and validity of this species, which is known only from the holotype, is unclear. It is described as originating in Porto Novo in Benin, however it has not been relocated in surveys of this site (J.-F. Trape unpubl. data). Although no formal taxonomic action appears to have been taken, it has been proposed that it may be synonymous with an East African species, putting the reliability of the West African locality in doubt (J.-F. Trape pers. comm. 2012). It was not included in a recent checklist of reptiles of Benin (Ullenbruch et al. 2010); this was an error of omission (W. Böhme to J.-F. Trape pers. comm.), and not a formal opinion on the validity or provenance of this taxon." 13152004,Philochortus hardeggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Philochortus,hardeggeri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)", 13152020,Philochortus phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Philochortus,phillipsi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 13152034,Philochortus spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Philochortus,spinalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 13152063,Tarentola boavistensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,boavistensis,,,,,"Joger, 1993", 13152076,Tarentola maioensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,maioensis,,,,,"Schleich, 1984","This taxon was previously treated as a subspecies of Tarentola rudis, but was elevated to full species status by Vasconcelos et al. (2012) on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence." 13152089,Tarentola protogigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,protogigas,,,,,"Joger, 1984","This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Tarentola rudis endemic to Fogo and Brava. Vasconcelos et al. (2012) elevated to full species status and included the subspecies T. r. hartogi within the new species concept (as the distinct subspecies T. protogigas hartogi), extending the species' range to Rombos Islet." 13152102,Tarentola rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,rudis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","Until recently, Tarentola rudis was considered a moderately widespread gecko in Cape Verde, where it was represented by five subspecies, including the nominate form (Vasconcelos et al. 2012). Molecular research indicates that this is a polyphyletic grouping, and consequently Vasconcelos et al. (2012) elevated T. r. boavistensis, T. r. protogigas and T. r. maioensis to species status, leaving a monotypic T. rudis." 13152111,Tarentola bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,bocagei,,,,,"Vasconcelos, Perera, Geniez, Harris & Carranza, 2011","Molecular evidence indicates that this recently-described species, which includes records previously assigned to Tarentola darwini, is highly distinct from other Cape Verdean Tarentola (Vasconcelos et al. 2010, 2012)." 13152120,Tarentola caboverdiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,caboverdiana,,,,,"Schleich, 1984","The traditional concept of Tarentola caboverdiana considered this species endemic to the northern island group in the Cape Verde archipelago, with subspecies recognized for each island within its range (Vasconcelos et al. 2010, 2012). In a full taxonomic revision of Cape Verdean Tarentola, Vasconcelos et al. (2012) elevated the subspecies raziana, substituta and nicolauensis (the latter previously recognized as belonging to a separate clade by Vasconcelos et al. 2010) to species status, confining T. caboverdiana to Santo Antão." 13152133,Tarentola crombiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,crombiei,,,,,"Diaz & Hedges, 2008", 13152141,Tarentola darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,darwini,,,,,"Joger, 1984","Molecular research into Cape Verde Tarentola revealed that T. darwini from Santiago differed strongly from the populations from São Nicolau and Fogo, and that the Santiago population itself consisted of two evolutionary significant units (ESUs), one in the north and one in the south of the island (Vasconcelos et al. 2010). Subsequently, following a combined molecular and morphological approach Vasconcelos et al. (2012) formally revised T. darwini, restricting it to Santiago (and encompassing both ESUs), erecting T. bocagei for the São Nicolau form, and T. fogoensis for specimens from Fogo." 13152168,Tarentola fogoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,fogoensis,,,,,"Vasconcelos, Perera, Geniez, Harris & Carranza, 2011", 13152177,Tarentola gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,gigas,,,,,"(Bocage, 1875)", 13152186,Tarentola nicolauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,nicolauensis,,,,,"Schleich, 1984","Vasconcelos et al. (2010) found on the basis of molecular evidence that Tarentola caboverdiana nicolauensis was not closely-related to other members of the T. caboverdiana group. Subsequently, in a full revision of Cape Verdean Tarentola using both morphological and molecular evidence, Vasconcelos et al. (2012) formally elevated T. nicolauensis to full species status." 13152199,Tarentola raziana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,raziana,,,,,"Schleich, 1984","Vasconcelos et al. (2012) elevated this species, previously a subspecies of Tarentola caboverdiana, to full species status on the basis of molecular evidence." 13152212,Tarentola substituta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,substituta,,,,,"Joger, 1984","Vasconcelos et al. (2012) elevated this species, previously a subspecies of Tarentola caboverdiana, to species level based on molecular evidence." 13152225,Tarentola parvicarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,parvicarinata,,,,,"Joger, 1980", 13152236,Gerrhosaurus bulsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,bulsi,,,,,"Laurent, 1954", 13152251,Gerrhosaurus flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,flavigularis,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1828",A molecular phylogeny confirmed that Gerrhosaurus flavigularis represents the sister group of the G. nigrolineatus species complex (see G. intermedius account) and sub-structuring of its populations indicated that further investigations are required (Bates et al. 2013). 13152261,Broadleysaurus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Broadleysaurus,major,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)","This species was formerly placed within Gerrhosaurus, but a molecular phylogeny showed that it represents a divergent lineage (Bates et al. 2013). The new, monotypic genus Broadleysaurus was erected to accommodate Gerrhosaurus major. Contrary to the suspicion of Largen and Spawls (2006), who suggested that genetic research may reveal the two recognized subspecies warrant recognition as separate full species, the phylogeny of Bates et al. (2013) did not provide support for Gerrhosaurus m. bottegoi as a distinct subspecies, and these authors synonymized it within B. major." 13152272,Gerrhosaurus multilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,multilineatus,,,,,"Bocage, 1866", 13152282,Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,nigrolineatus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1857", 13152303,Chalcides armitagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,armitagei,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 13152314,Chalcides bottegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,bottegi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","The taxonomic history of this neglected taxon is discussed by Greenbaum et al. (2006). These authors revalidated it as a species distinct from Chalcides ocellatus, of which it had previously been considered a subspecies." 13152337,Chalcides pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,pulchellus,,,,,"Mocquard, 1906","This species was at one point considered a subspecies of Chalcides thierryi (Trape et al. 2012)." 13152348,Chalcides thierryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,thierryi,,,,,"Tornier, 1901","This species is very similar to Chalcides pulchellus, which was formerly considered the western subspecies of this taxon (Trape et al. 2012)." 13152380,Chioninia delalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chioninia,delalandii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 13152405,Chioninia nicolauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chioninia,nicolauensis,,,,,"(Schleich, 1987)","Chioninia nicolauensis was until recently treated as a subspecies of C. fogoensis. Molecular research conducted by Miralles et al. (2010) revealed that the two taxa are not closely-related, and these authors therefore elevated C. nicolauensis to species level." 13152418,Chioninia spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chioninia,spinalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","Miralles et al. (2010) clarified the formerly disputed taxonomy of this species, confirming its validity as a species separate from C. stangeri, and the position of Mabuya (now Chioninia) salensis as a subspecies of C. spinalis. Although these authors refer to their resulting species concept as Chioninia spinalis sensu lato, and determine that the five subspecies they recognize (C. s. spinalis, C. s. salensis, C. s. maioensis, and their newly-described C. s. santiagoensis and C. s. boavistensis) are partially genetically isolated from one another, they indicate that none of these clades warrant specific status." 13152431,Chioninia stangeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chioninia,stangeri,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 13152448,Chioninia fogoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chioninia,fogoensis,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1874)","Molecular evidence indicates the existence of two clades within the traditional species concept of Chioninia fogoensis, one corresponding to the subspecies C. f. antaoensis and C. f. fogoensis, and the other to C. f. nicolauensis (Miralles et al. 2010). These authors elevated the latter taxon to specific level, and investigated the distribution and nomenclatural history of C. f. fogoensis. Miralles et al. (2010) concluded that both the original type locality (Fogo) and records of C. f. fogoensis from São Vicente were in error, and that the best-preserved members of the type series were attributable to the Santo Antão population. C. f. antaoensis is therefore considered a junior synonym of C. f. fogoensis, this latter now considered to have a Santo Antão type locality (Miralles et al. 2010)." 13152657,Cophoscincopus durus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cophoscincopus,durus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 13152672,Cophoscincopus greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cophoscincopus,greeri,,,,,"Böhme, Schmitz & Ziegler, 2000","Although genetically distinct, this species is morphologically very similar to Cophoscincopus simulans, and the two species co-occur in waterbodies in southeast Guinea (Trape et al. 2012)" 13152681,Cophoscincopus simulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cophoscincopus,simulans,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1884)","This species is genetically distinct from, but morphologically very similar to, Cophoscincus greeri, with which it co-occurs in waterbodies in southeastern Guinea (Trape et al. 2012)." 13152706,Feylinia currori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Feylinia,currori,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 13152717,Feylinia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Feylinia,elegans,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1852)","The type locality of this species is unknown; the original description refers to ""Liberia, West Coast of Africa"" (Hallowell 1852), however, a subsequent reference to this species by the same author (Hallowell, 1857) makes no mention of this country. This latter reference refers to ""Habitat: Gaboon"", taken by later authors (e.g. Schmidt 1919) to refer to Gabon. This interpretation is thought to be in error, and the species is not listed for Gabon by Pauwels and vande Weghe (2008). The species is however not considered to occur in West Africa (Trape et al. 2012), and Liberia is not included in the only recent characterization of the species' full distribution (Chirio and LeBreton 2007)." 13152731,Feylinia grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Feylinia,grandisquamis,,,,,"Müller, 1910", 13152739,Feylinia macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Feylinia,macrolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887",This may represent a complex of more than one species (L. Chirio pers. comm. 2019). 13152747,Feylinia polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Feylinia,polylepis,,,,,"Bocage, 1887", 13152763,Mochlus fernandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,fernandi,,,,,"(Burton, 1836)","East African and eastern-central African populations previously attributed to this species were described as a new species, Lepidothyris hinkeli, by Wagner et al. (2009), who resurrected the genus Lepidothyris." 13152776,Mochlus hinkeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,hinkeli,,,,,"(Wagner, Böhme, Pauwels & Schmitz, 2009)","This species was only recently recognized as distinct from the former Mochlus (= Lygosoma) fernandi species complex (Wagner et al. 2009). These authors described the species to encompass East and Central African populations east of Gabon, and assigned the three members of the former M. fernandi complex to the resurrected genus Lepidothyris." 13152784,Mochlus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,striatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1854)", 13152793,Mochlus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,afer,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Greer (1977) synonymized Riopa (at that point containing the African genus Mochlus - type species: Mochlus afer - as a synonym following Broadley 1966) within the large, predominantly Asian genus Lygosoma. This scheme was followed until Wagner (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. Mochlus afer is therefore the appropriate name for the species referred to in older literature as Lygosoma afrum." 13152807,Mochlus brevicaudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,brevicaudis,,,,,"(Greer, Grandison & Barbault, 1985)","Greer (1977) synonymized Riopia (at that point containing the African genus Mochlus as a synonym following Broadley 1966) within the large, predominantly Asian genus Lygosoma. This scheme was followed until Wagner et al. (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. No other Mochlus taxa were included in this study, and the content of this revalidated genus was not discussed, however, these authors noted that all African taxa are distinct from Asian forms and confined Lygosoma and Riopa to Asia (Wagner et al. 2009; P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). By implication, all African taxa other than Lepidothyris fernandii, L. hinkeli and L. striatus are presently considered to belong to Mochlus (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012)." 13155147,Panaspis burgeoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,burgeoni,,,,,"(De Witte, 1933)", 13155139,Panaspis breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,breviceps,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)",This taxon is currently comprised of at least two distinct species. 13155188,Panaspis megalurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,megalurus,,,,,"(Nieden, 1913)", 13155216,Panaspis tancredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,tancredi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)","Fuhn (1964) synonymized Ablepharus anselli within Panaspis tancredi; accepting this, Jacobsen and Broadley (2000) also formally synonymized A. moeruensis and A. seydeli within this species based on the types' possession of identical scale characters. Largen and Spawls (2006) dispute this on geographical grounds given the wide distances between the known localities and the lack of evidence for populations between these areas. This issue does not seem to have been investigated subsequently, however Largen and Spawls (2010) report that P. tancredi is known only from the holotype. Medina et al. (2016) were unable to clarify the relationship between P. tancredi and P. seydeli in the absence of confirmed material of the former, but on the basis of their results consider A. anselli and A. moruensis to be junior synonyms of a distinct P. seydeli as previously proposed by Broadley and Cotterill (2004). These authors caution that better sampling may reveal that these taxa warrant recognition as distinct species." 13155243,Trachylepis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,affinis,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)","This widespread taxon could be a species complex (Trape et al. 2012). These authors indicate that Trachylepis paucisquamis, for which they provide a separate species account, is probably a junior synonym of T. affinis, and this scheme is followed here pending resolution of relationships within this taxon. Central African populations are likely to represent an undescribed species." 13155258,Trachylepis albilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,albilabris,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1857)","West African records of this Central African skink represent confusion with Trachylepis aureogularis (Trape et al. 2012), a name these authors resurrected to apply to populations from Guinea to Ghana." 13155273,Trachylepis buettneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,buettneri,,,,,"(Matschie, 1893)", 13155286,Trachylepis keroanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,keroanensis,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1921)","This taxon was described as a variant of Trachylepis perrotetti and subsequently recognized as a subspecies of this form. Re-examining the two 1921 syntypes, Böhme et al. (2011) concluded that they represented a distinct species belonging to the T. buettneri/sudanensis species group, and resurrected the name T. keranoanensis." 13155307,Trachylepis maculilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,maculilabris,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","The Reptile Database presently treats Trachylepis infralineata from Europa Island as a distinct species, apparently based on a personal communication, but genetic data (Rocha et al. 2010) suggests that it should be regarded as a junior synonym of T. maculilabris. It has subsequently been included as a subspecies of T. maculilabris (Sanchez et al. 2019)." 13155297,Trachylepis perrotetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,perrotetii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","Trape et al. (2012) indicate that this taxon is a complex of at least four forms likely to warrant recognition as either full species or subspecies; presently only two subspecies, Trachylepis perrotetii perotetti and T. p. upembae, are recognized, with the latter considered a distinct species by Broadley and Cotteril (2004). An additional form, T. keroanensis, is treated here as a distinct species following its elevation by Böhme et al. (2011)." 13155328,Trachylepis polytropis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,polytropis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 13155343,Trachylepis rodenburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,rodenburgi,,,,,"(Hoogmoed, 1974)", 13155360,Pristurus adrarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,adrarensis,,,,,"Geniez & Arnold, 2006", 13160676,Iberochondrostoma olisiponensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Iberochondrostoma,olisiponensis,,,,,"(Gante, Santos & Alves, 2007)", 13186360,Crocothemis chaldaeorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,chaldaeorum,,,,,"Morton, 1920","This ill-defined taxon was described as a subspecies of Crocothemis erythraea by Morton (1920). Waterston and Pittaway (1991) considered it as a good species, but few constant structural criteria allow the separation of both taxa (Morton 1920, Asahina 1973, Schneider 1985). Criteria used are structural ones, colour differences, a smaller size and minor venational characters. A taxonomic revision of the C. erythraea-complex over its whole range is urgently needed." 13198125,Tonlesapia amnica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Tonlesapia,amnica,,,,,"Ng & Rainboth, 2011","The species is similar to its sole congener, T. tsukawakii, which is known from the Tonle Sap in Cambodia." 166965,Rasbora aurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,aurotaenia,,,,,"Tirant, 1885", 13264220,Amblyodipsas katangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,katangensis,,,,,"De Witte & Laurent, 1942","Broadley and Cotteril (2004) note that the Tanzanian subspecies Amblyodipsas katangensis ionidesi ""should probably be regarded as a sister species"", but no formal taxonomic action has been taken to elevate this taxon to specific status." 13264232,Amblyodipsas polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,polylepis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1873)",The taxonomic validity of the subspecies Amblyodipsas polylepis hildebrantii which occurs in East Africa has yet to be assessed using molecular techniques. 13264251,Amblyodipsas unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,unicolor,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)", 13264272,Aparallactus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 13264282,Aparallactus jacksonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,jacksonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1888)","Lanza (1990) opines that the then-recognized subspecies Aparallactus jacksonii oweni ""very probably"" warrants recognition as a full species. No subsequent work appears to have investigated this issue, and although Wallach et al. (2014) report Lanza's suggestion these authors do not comment on it. A. j. oweni is presently considered a junior synonym of A. j. jacksonii (Wallach et al. 2014)." 13264298,Aparallactus lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,lunulatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Segniagbeto et al. (2011) examined a specimen from Sansane Mangu in Togo originally identified as Aparallactus bocagii (now a subspecies of the southeastern African A. capensis), and found that it represented A. lunulatus, validating a synonymy first proposed by Loveridge (1944) within the species then known as A. liddiardae. Segniagbeto et al. (2011) found no support for the suggestion by de Witte and Laurent (1947) that taxa these authors synonymized within A. lunulatus (including A. liddiardae) might warrant subspecific status. The validity of a recognized subspecies from Somalia, A. l. scortecci, is ""uncertain"" (Lanza 1990). A full taxonomic revision of this species is warranted to clarify the status of the three presently-recognized subspecies, A. l. lunulatus, A. l. scortecci and A. l. nigrocollaris." 13264315,Aparallactus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 13264330,Aparallactus moeruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,moeruensis,,,,,"De Witte & Laurent, 1943", 13264340,Aparallactus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,niger,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 13264349,Aparallactus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,nigriceps,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","No notable taxonomic issues, although it relation to the rest of Aparallactus complex needs to be investigated." 13264383,Aparallactus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,werneri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 13264403,Atractaspis aterrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,aterrima,,,,,"Günther, 1863", 13264424,Atractaspis corpulenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,corpulenta,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1854)", 13264466,Atractaspis watsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,watsoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908","Following Laurent (1950), this species has been considered a junior synonym of Atractaspis micropholis, itself treated by this author as a subspecies of the wide-ranging A. microlepidota, which was understood to occur through West, Central and East Africa. Trape et al. (2006) redescribed A. watsoni, finding it to be morphologically distinct from A. microlepidota and A. micropholis, the latter elevated to full species status in this treatment. In the revision, the majority of A. microlepidota records were assigned to A. watsoni, which was described as ranging eastwards to Sudan. These authors also examined the holotype of A. nigra, a synonym of A. microlepidota, and confirmed its synonymy with A. watsoni.

Unfortunately, in their revision Trape et al. (2006) did not consider records east of Sudan, although the traditional concept of A. microlepidota ranges into East Africa as far as Eritrea and southeastern Kenya, and into the Arabian Peninsula. David and Vogel (2010) note that, by implication, the Arabian subspecies A. m. andersonii was elevated to full species status by this treatment. These authors support this assignment by comparing this form with the taxa described by Trape et al. (2006); although they do not detail the results of this comparison, they indicate that A. andersonii is distinct from all three West African species. East African records of ""A. microlepidota"" remain of uncertain taxonomic status, although Trape et al. (2006) report that they are not conspecific with the holotype of A. microlepidota. East African, Somali and southern Ethiopian records are here treated as belonging to Atractaspis fallax, previously a subspecies of A. microlepidota and treated as a full species by Largen and Spawls (2010), and this scheme has also been adopted by Spawls et al. (2018). Remaining records from eastern Africa are provisionally considered to represent A. watsoni (P. David pers. comm. June 2012) until the taxonomy of eastern African populations is resolved." 13264485,Polemon acanthias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,acanthias,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1860)", 13264508,Polemon bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,bocourti,,,,,"Mocquard, 1897", 13264526,Polemon christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,christyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 13264548,Polemon collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,collaris,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)", 13264571,Polemon fulvicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,fulvicollis,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1887)", 13264593,Polemon gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,gabonensis,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)", 13264616,Polemon gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,gracilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 13264638,Polemon griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,griseiceps,,,,,"(Laurent, 1947)", 13264680,Polemon neuwiedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,neuwiedi,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)", 13264705,Polemon notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,notatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1882)", 13264725,Polemon robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,robustus,,,,,"De Witte & Laurent, 1947", 13264749,Calabaria reinhardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Calabaria,reinhardtii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1848)","A proposed assignment of this species to Charina (Kluge 1993) has not subsequently been widely accepted, but is used in a number of subsequent sources (e.g. McDiarmid et al. 1999, Chippaux 2006)." 13264776,Eryx borrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,borrii,,,,,"Lanza & Nistri, 2005", 13264792,Eryx colubrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,colubrinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The validity of the generic name Gongylophis has been subject to some dispute (briefly summarized by Lanza and Nistri 2005). This genus is now generally considered a junior synonym of Eryx (as tentatively followed by Lanza and Nistri 2005) (Noonan and Chippindale 2006). This is supported by the phylogeny of Noonan and Chippindale (2006), which recovered species of Gongylophis (conicus and colubrinus) nested within Eryx." 13264852,Eryx muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,muelleri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)","The validity of the generic name Gongylophis has been subject to some dispute (briefly summarized by Lanza and Nistri 2005). This genus is now generally considered a junior synonym of Eryx (as tentatively followed by Lanza and Nistri 2005) (Noonan and Chippindale 2006). This is supported by the phylogeny of Noonan and Chippindale (2006), which recovered species of Gongylophis (conicus and colubrinus) nested within Eryx." 13264871,Eryx somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eryx,somalicus,,,,,"Scortecci, 1939", 13264896,Bamanophis dorri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Bamanophis,dorri,,,,,"(Lataste, 1888)","Schätti and Trape (2008) erected the new genus Bamanophis for this species, which had previously been placed in Haemorrhois." 13264917,Crotaphopeltis barotseensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Crotaphopeltis,barotseensis,,,,,"Broadley, 1968", 13264935,Crotaphopeltis braestrupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Crotaphopeltis,braestrupi,,,,,"Rasmussen, 1985", 13264951,Crotaphopeltis degeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Crotaphopeltis,degeni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 13264975,Crotaphopeltis hippocrepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Crotaphopeltis,hippocrepis,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)","Following its original description, this species was long forgotten until redescribed, as Crotaphopeltis acarina (now a junior synonym), by Roman in 1974." 13264994,Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Crotaphopeltis,hotamboeia,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","

Although this species has a wide distribution in sub-Saharan Africa, a phylogeographic analysis suggests this is a single taxon (Engelbrecht 2017).

" 13265019,Crotaphopeltis tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Crotaphopeltis,tornieri,,,,,"(Werner, 1908)","Gravlund (2002) found a high level of genetic diversity within Crotaphopeltis tornieri, with a sample of C. hotamboeia from the Mount Rungwe nested between C. tornieri from the same locality and specimens from other mountains. Support for this arrangement was weak, and consequently this author refrained from suggesting taxonomic changes, but the relationship between these two species (and within C. tornieri itself) remains in need of clarification." 13265041,Dasypeltis abyssina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,abyssina,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","This species was formerly part of the Dasypeltis scabra species complex, having long been considered a junior synonym of D. scabra, but was resurrected by Trape and Mané (2006) based on differences between the holotype and other Ethiopian specimens. Unfortunately, these authors did not characterize the species' distribution, which was subsequently clarified by Bates and Broadley (2018)." 13265061,Dasypeltis atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,atra,,,,,"Sternfield, 1912","Bates and Broadley (2018) discuss the history of the name Dasypeltis lineolata Peters, 1878, and conclude that, as there appears to have been only a single literature reference to this name since 1899 (Saleh and Sarhan 2016), it does not meet the conditions for being considered a senior synonym for D. atra Sternfield, 1912. These authors elect to continue using the more widely-recognized name D. atra to preserve taxonomic stability and report that a petition has been filed with the ICZN to suppress the older name." 13265085,Dasypeltis confusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,confusa,,,,,"Trape & Mané, 2006","This species was recently recognized as a species distinct from Dasypeltis scabra (Trape and Mané 2006b), a conclusion supported by combined morphological and molecular analysis (Trape et al. 2012). Is distribution is likely to be incompletely known as a result of confusion with this species (Segniagbeto et al. 2011)." 13265104,Dasypeltis gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,gansi,,,,,"Trape & Mané, 2006","This species was recently recognized as a species distinct from Dasypeltis scabra (Trape and Mané 2006b), a conclusion supported by combined morphological and molecular analysis (Trape et al. 2012). Its distribution is likely to be incompletely known as a result of confusion with this species (Segniagbeto et al. 2011). Trape and Mané (2006b) recognized two subspecies, D. g. gansi and D. g. latericia; the latter was elevated to a full species by Trape et al. (2012)." 13265127,Dasypeltis medici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,medici,,,,,"(Bianconi, 1859)","

Dasypeltis medici lamuensis is a junior synonym of D. medici (Bates and Broadley 2018). The taxonomic status, particularly in terms of the recently synonymised subspecies Dasypeltis medici lamuensis, requires further investigation.

" 13265149,Dasypeltis sahelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,sahelensis,,,,,"Trape & Mané, 2006","This species was recently recognized as a species distinct from Dasypeltis scabra (Trape and Mané 2006b), a conclusion supported by combined morphological and molecular analysis (Trape et al. 2012)." 13265170,Dipsadoboa aulica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,aulica,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 13265194,Dipsadoboa brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,brevirostris,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1908)", 13265215,Dipsadoboa duchesnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,duchesnii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 13265234,Dipsadoboa flavida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,flavida,,,,,"(Broadley & Stevens, 1971)", 13265254,Dipsadoboa shrevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,shrevei,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 13265276,Dipsadoboa underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,underwoodi,,,,,"Rasmussen, 1993", 13265293,Dipsadoboa unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,unicolor,,,,,"Günther, 1858","Dipsadoboa weileri, which as currently defined has a heavily-disjunct distribution in West, Central and western East Africa, is very similar to D. unicolor, differing in the colouration of the tail (Spawls et al. 2018). Records from Mt. Nimba in Guinea and from Togo now assigned to this species were formerly attributed to D. unicolor, although the occurrence of true D. unicolor in Guinea (including the Mt. Nimba area) has been confirmed and a historical record from Togo is accepted (Segniagbeto et al. 2011, Böhme et al. 2011). Records of the two species across their ranges are likely to have been confused, but it is unknown which existing records of D. unicolor represent this species and which D. weileri (J. Penner pers. comm. 2013)." 13265312,Dipsadoboa viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,viridis,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)",The type locality New Caledonia is in error (Chippaux 2006). 13265333,Dipsadoboa weileri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,weileri,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1905)","This species as currently defined has a heavily-disjunct distribution in West, Central and western East Africa. This taxon is very similar to Dipsadoboa unicolor, differing in the colouration of the tail (Spawls et al. 2002), and records from Guinea and Togo now assigned to this species were formerly attributed to D. unicolor (Segniagbeto et al. 2011, Bohme et al. 2011). Records of the two species are likely to have been confused across their ranges, but it is unknown which existing records of D. unicolor represent this species and which D. weileri (J. Penner pers. comm. 2013)." 13265354,Dipsadoboa werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,werneri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)",Recent records of this species from the Nguru Mountains and Udzungwa Scarp Forest are thought likely to represent an undescribed species (M. Menegon pers. comm. 2014). 13265376,Hapsidophrys lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hapsidophrys,lineatus,,,,,"Fischer, 1856", 13265387,Hapsidophrys principis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hapsidophrys,principis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 13265399,Hapsidophrys smaragdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hapsidophrys,smaragdinus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 13265414,Meizodon coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Meizodon,coronatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Loveridge (1955) indicates that records of Meizodon coronatus from South Sudan are referable to M. regularis, a view supported by Schätti (1985). A subsequent record of M. coronatus from the Imatong Mountains (Friis and Rasmussen 1981) may also represent M. regularis, however, this specimen is not available for examination and its identity is consequently uncertain (K. Ullenbruch pers. comm. 2013)." 13265441,Meizodon regularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Meizodon,regularis,,,,,"Fischer, 1856", 13265467,Philothamnus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,carinatus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1901)","Molecular sampling of Philothamnus using three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers recovered two distinct clades within Philothamnus carinatus (Engelbrecht et al. 2019), which these authors identified as candidate species. Engelbrecht et al. (2019) caution that no samples were available from Cameroon, between the ranges of the two clades, and that further research is needed incorporating samples from this area to clarify whether they are specifically distinct." 13265482,Philothamnus heterodermus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,heterodermus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1857)", 13265499,Philothamnus heterolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,heterolepidotus,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 13265514,Philothamnus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,nitidus,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)","In a molecular analysis of Philothamnus (Engelbrecht et al. 2019), two of three species delimitation methods suggested that the recognized subspecies P. nitidus loveridgei is a junior synonym of P. n. loveridgei. These authors nevertheless refrained from taking taxonomic action pending further research, as only two specimens of P. n. loveridgei were included in analysis." 13265531,Rhamnophis aethiopissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhamnophis,aethiopissa,,,,,"Günther, 1862","This species has three subspecies, and it is possible that these may represent full species (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2014). Subspecies Rhamnophis aethiopissa aethiopissa is found in Gabon." 13265544,Rhamnophis batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhamnophis,batesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 13265558,Scaphiophis albopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Scaphiophis,albopunctatus,,,,,"Peters, 1870", 13265569,Scaphiophis raffreyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Scaphiophis,raffreyi,,,,,"Bocourt, 1875", 13265597,Telescopus gezirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,gezirae,,,,,"Broadley, 1994", 13265616,Telescopus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,pulcher,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1935)", 13265630,Telescopus semiannulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,semiannulatus,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849","There are currently two recognized subspecies, namely Telescopus semiannulatus semiannulatus and T. s. polystictus." 13265644,Telescopus tripolitanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,tripolitanus,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)","Crochet et al. (2008) addressed confusion surrounding the identity of this and the related species Telescopus obtusus and T. dhata, confirming that all three represent distinct species and that T. dhara is absent from West Africa. These authors confirmed that T. tripolitanus represents a valid name, rendering the replacement name T. guidimakaensis a junior synonym, and synonymized the poorly-known Tunisian form Pseudotarbohis gabesi (incorrectly, P. gabesiensis) with T. tripolitanus." 13265657,Thelotornis kirtlandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thelotornis,kirtlandii,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1844)", 13265676,Thelotornis mossambicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thelotornis,mossambicanus,,,,,"(Bocage, 1895)",This taxon was elevated to species level (from a subspecies of Thelotornis capensis) by Broadley (2001). 13265702,Thrasops flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thrasops,flavigularis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1852)", 13265717,Thrasops occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thrasops,occidentalis,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 13265740,Toxicodryas blandingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Toxicodryas,blandingii,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1844)","Toxicodryas is the name applied to African species formerly included within the predominantly Asian genus Boiga. This scheme, introduced by Welch (1982), has since been followed by various authors (e.g. Trape and Mané 2006, Uetz and Hallerman 2010), but rejected by others on the basis that a formal revision of Boiga is necessary to validate this arrangement (Segniagbeto et al. 2011). Recent molecular research indicates Boiga is paraphyletic with respect to Toxicodryas and related African genera (Pyron et al. 2013), and for consistency with common usage of these other generic names, Toxicodryas is used here as a valid genus pending a revision of Boiga." 13265755,Toxicodryas pulverulenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Toxicodryas,pulverulenta,,,,,"(Fischer, 1856)","Toxicodryas is the name applied to African species formerly included within the predominantly Asian genus Boiga. This scheme, introduced by Welch (1982), has since been followed by various authors (e.g. Trape and Mané 2006, Uetz and Hallerman 2010), but rejected by others on the basis that a formal revision of Boiga is necessary to validate this arrangement (Segniagbeto et al. 2011). Recent molecular research indicates Boiga is paraphyletic with respect to Toxicodryas and related African genera (Pyron et al. 2013), and for consistency with common usage of these other generic names, Toxicodryas is used here as a valid genus pending a revision of Boiga." 13265770,Dendroaspis angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Dendroaspis,angusticeps,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","Populations from the southern part of the range (South Africa and southern Mozambique) differ genetically from Tanzanian specimens (Pook et al. 2005). Because Dendroaspis angusticeps was described from specimens collected from KwaZulu-Natal and Maputo (Mozambique), northern populations may require a new specific ranks if genetic differences are found to be at the species level. Some authors informally treated northern populations as Dendroaspis intermedius (see Broadley and Blaylock 2013, Wallach et al. 2014). However, further work is needed within a phylogenetic framework, as is additional sampling that covers the range of both northern and southern populations." 13265784,Dendroaspis jamesoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Dendroaspis,jamesoni,,,,,"(Traill, 1843)", 13265799,Dendroaspis viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Dendroaspis,viridis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1844)", 13265814,Elapsoidea boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,boulengeri,,,,,"Boettger, 1895","Previously treated as a subspecies of Elapsoidea semiannulata (Broadley 1971, 1990), but later revived as a full species (Broadley 1998)." 13265824,Elapsoidea broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,broadleyi,,,,,"Jakobsen, 1997", 13265832,Elapsoidea guentherii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,guentherii,,,,,"Bocage, 1866", 13265842,Elapsoidea laticincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,laticincta,,,,,"(Werner, 1919)", 13265855,Elapsoidea loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,loveridgei,,,,,"Parker, 1949", 13265867,Elapsoidea semiannulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,semiannulata,,,,,"Bocage, 1882", 13265878,Elapsoidea trapei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,trapei,,,,,"Mane, 1999", 13265900,Naja melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,melanoleuca,,,,,"Hallowell, 1857",

.An analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences plus morphological data (Wüster et al. 2018) has solved the long-standing uncertainty surrounding the Naja melanoleuca ‘species complex’. This is now shown  to contain five distinct species: a more restricted N. melanoleuca; N. guineensis (western Africa); N. savannula (savanna parts of western and central Africa); N. peroescobari (endemic to the island of São Tomé); and N. subfulva (central to northeast and Africa and southwards to Angola in the west and South Africa in the east).

13265913,Naja nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,nigricollis,,,,,"Reinhardt, 1843", 13265924,Naja senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,senegalensis,,,,,"Trape, Chirio & Wüster, 2009", 13265933,Pseudohaje goldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudohaje,goldii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 13265966,Grayia caesar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GRAYIIDAE,Grayia,caesar,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 13265980,Grayia ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GRAYIIDAE,Grayia,ornata,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)", 13265994,Grayia smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GRAYIIDAE,Grayia,smithii,,,,,"(Leach, 1818)", 13266009,Grayia tholloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GRAYIIDAE,Grayia,tholloni,,,,,"Mocquard, 1897", 13288786,Boaedon lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,lineatus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","This species was transferred from Lamprophis to Boaedon by Kelly et al. (2011). Based on morphological differences across this snake's range it is thought to represent a species complex, with several cryptic species occurring under this name in Central Africa (Segniagbeto et al. 2011). Boaedon angolensis, a ""long forgotten"" name described as a variety of B. lineatus and subsequently either neglected or treated as a junior synonym of either B. lineatus or B. fuliginosus, is treated as a full species by Marques et al. (2018) and Butler et al. (2019). The status of this taxon and other Angolan records of Boaedon is presently under review (Hallerman et al. unpublished, referenced in Butler et al. 2019)." 13288806,Boaedon maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,maculatus,,,,,"Parker, 1932","This species has historically been confused with the Lamprophis (=Boaedon) fuliginosus species complex (Hughes 1997), although it is""without any doubt"" a validly distinct species (Lanza 1978). Hughes (1997) does not treat the ""maculatus"" form in detail, but shows a wide range in Somalia and Ethiopia with isolated records in Kenya and Tanzania. Spawls et al. (2018) elect to retain all members of the Boaedon fuliginosus complex in East Africa within B. fuliginosus pending a full taxonomic revision. Pending further data to resolve the taxonomy and distribution of this and related species, and because Hughes (1997) did not explicitly justify the assignment of the name B. maculatus to East African or Ethiopian material, this assessment follows Spawls et al. (2018) in referring East African material to Boaedon fuliginosus pending further research, and Largen and Spawls (2010) in considering the species' occurrence in Ethiopia as unconfirmed." 13288818,Boaedon olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,olivaceus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)","This species was transferred from Lamprophis to Boaedon by Kelly et al. (2011)." 13288837,Boaedon virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,virgatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1854)", 13288862,Bothrophthalmus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Bothrophthalmus,brunneus,,,,,"Günther, 1863", 13288870,Bothrophthalmus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Bothrophthalmus,lineatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)"," Chippaux (2006) considers that the elevation of Bothrophthalmus brunneus to full species by Roux-Estève (1965) is not justified, on the basis that the two taxa differ only in colouration and exhibit identical scalation, and consequently treats it as the subspecies B. lineatus brunneus. This account follows the majority of more recent authors in treating B. brunneus as a separate species (e.g. Vidal et al. 2008, Kelly et al. 2011)." 13288904,Chamaelycus christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Chamaelycus,christyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1919", 13288920,Chamaelycus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Chamaelycus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","The need to clarify the validity of Chamaelycus werneri - which is distinguished from Chamaelycus fasciatus based on a single scale character which is ""probably not a stable condition"" and is variable within the genus (O. Pauwels pers. comm. 2019) - was recognized as early as Angel (1934). Both Bogert (1940) and Knoeppfler (1966) (who collected the only material assigned to C. werneri since it was described) considered that this character was likely to represent variation within C. fasciatus. Multiple authors have since considered the two taxa conspecific either explicitly or by implication, and most recently Chippaux and Jackson (2019) proposed treating C. werneri as a junior synonym of C. fasciatus." 13288935,Chamaelycus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Chamaelycus,parkeri,,,,,"(Angel, 1934)", 13289055,Gonionotophis brussauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Gonionotophis,brussauxi,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1889)", 13288989,Limaformosa crossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Limaformosa,crossi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)","This species was transferred to Gonionotophis from Mehelya by Kelly et al. (2011) and then to Limaformosa by Broadley et al. (2018)." 13289212,Limaformosa guirali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Limaformosa,guirali,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1887)", 13289237,Gonionotophis klingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Gonionotophis,klingi,,,,,"Matschie, 1893", 13289256,Mehelya laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Mehelya,laurenti,,,,,"De Witte, 1959","Broadley et al. (2018) provisionally referred this species to the resurrected Mehelya based on morphological similarities, but it was not included in these authors' genetic analysis and these authors recommended phylogenetic analysis to resolve its status." 13289308,Mehelya poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Mehelya,poensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","Kelly et al. (2011) reassigned this species from Mehelya to Goniotophis and then Broadley et al. (2018) reassigned it back to Mehelya." 13289333,Mehelya stenopthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Mehelya,stenopthalmus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1887)", 13289358,Limaformosa vernayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Limaformosa,vernayi,,,,,"(Bogert, 1940)", 13290802,Hormonotus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Hormonotus,modestus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 13290819,Lycophidion albomaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,albomaculatum,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870", 13290830,Lycophidion depressirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,depressirostre,,,,,"Laurent, 1968", 13290840,Lycophidion irroratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,irroratum,,,,,"(Leach, 1819)", 13290857,Lycophidion laterale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,laterale,,,,,"Hallowell, 1857", 13290868,Lycophidion meleagre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,meleagre,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893", 13290878,Lycophidion multimaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,multimaculatum,,,,,"Boettger, 1888","Broadley (1991) elevated Lycophidion multimaculatum to full species status, from a subspecies of L. capense. This action was unfortunately neglected by Spawls et al. (2002), who retained this form within their concept of L. multimaculatum." 13290894,Lycophidion namibianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,namibianum,,,,,"Broadley, 1991", 13290912,Lycophidion nigromaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,nigromaculatum,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 13290945,Lycophidion semiannule,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,semiannule,,,,,"Peters, 1854","In his revision of southern African Lycophidion, Broadley (1996) stated that records of L. semiannule from Zambia and Zimbabwe had been erroneously assigned to this species, and referred most remaining records of this species to the resurrected L. acutirostre. This act confined L. semiannule to Benguerua Island in southern Mozambique (Broadley 1996)." 13290962,Lycophidion taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,taylori,,,,,"Broadley & Hughes, 1993", 13290992,Lycophidion uzungwense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,uzungwense,,,,,"Loveridge, 1932", 13292076,Myriopholis adleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,adleri,,,,,"(Hahn & Wallach, 1998)","This species was assigned from Leptotyphlops to Myriopholis by Adalsteinsson et al. (2009)." 13292102,Myriopholis albiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,albiventer,,,,,"(Hallerman & Rödel, 1995)","This species was assigned from Leptotyphlops to Myriopholis by Adalsteinsson et al. (2009)." 13292136,Myriopholis boueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,boueti,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1917)","This species was assigned from Leptotyphlops to Myriopholis by Adalsteinsson et al. (2009). This species has been treated as a subspecies of Myriopholis narirostris, but full species status was proposed by Trape and Mané (2000) based on morphological differences and has since been followed by other authors (e.g. Padial 2006). Leptotyphlops debilis was synonymized with this form by Hahn and Wallach (1998)." 13292176,Myriopholis natatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,natatrix,,,,,"(Andersson, 1937)", 13292208,Myriopholis rouxestevae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,rouxestevae,,,,,"(Trape & Mane, 2004)", 13292248,Rhinoleptus koniagui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinoleptus,koniagui,,,,,"(Villiers, 1956)", 176328,Afronatrix anoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Afronatrix,anoscopus,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 13292656,Natriciteres bipostocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natriciteres,bipostocularis,,,,,"Broadley, 1962", 13292706,Natriciteres sylvatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natriciteres,sylvatica,,,,,"Broadley, 1966","Previously treated as a subspecies of Natriciteres variegata, but treated as a full species by Spawls et al. (2002) and Broadley et al. (2003)." 13292716,Natriciteres variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natriciteres,variegata,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)", 189689,Theliderma cylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Theliderma,cylindrica,,,,,"(Say, 1817)","Graf and Cummings (2007) lists this species as Theliderma cylindrica, however Williams et al. (2008) continue to use the genus Quadrula for this species.

Two subspecies are currently recognised. Quadrula cylindrica strigillata is listed by US Fish and Wildlife Service as endangered.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 13296705,Prosymna greigerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,greigerti,,,,,"Mocquard, 1906","Segniagbeto et al. (2011) report that Trape and Mané (2006) revalidated this species (which Segniagbeto et al. 2011 list under the spelling Prosymna gregerti), which had previously been considered a variant of P. meleagris. The description of this form given by Trape and Mané (2006), however, is incomplete, as it indicates that unnamed subspecies occur outside the region treated in their guide but presents no descriptions of these. Chirio et al. (2011) subsequently reviewed P. meleagris and P. greigerti, presenting full descriptions and clarifying the distributions of these taxa. These authors recognized two subspecies of P. greigerti: P. g. greigerti, known from West Africa and from scattered records in Central and northeast Africa (with an eastern range limit in Ethiopia), and P. g. collaris from Sudano-Sahelian West Africa east to western Chad (with a single highly disjunct record from eastern Sudan)." 13296754,Prosymna meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,meleagris,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)","Trape and Mané (2006) revalidated P. greigerti, previously considered a variant of P. meleagris, an action which removed P. meleagris from most of northern West Africa and from areas east of Nigeria. Subsequently, Chirio et al. (2011) formally redescribed both P. meleagris and P. greigerti." 13296775,Hemirhagerrhis kelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Hemirhagerrhis,kelleri,,,,,"Boettger, 1893", 13296787,Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Hemirhagerrhis,nototaenia,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Hemirhagerrhis viperina from north-central Namibia was previously considered a subspecies of H. nototaenia (Branch 1998). 13296806,Hemirhagerrhis viperina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Hemirhagerrhis,viperina,,,,,"(Boocage, 1873)", 13300358,Psammophis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,elegans,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 13300388,Psammophis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,lineatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","This species has long been included in the genus Dromophis, which was synonymized with Psammophis based on the molecular findings of Kelly et al. (2008)." 13300404,Psammophis phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,phillipsi,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1844)","This taxon is likely to represent a species complex, the taxonomy of which is unresolved (Akani et al. 2003), and it has long been unclear whether Central African populations are attributable to this species (Trape and Mané 2006). In a revision of the Psammophis sibilans group Trape et al. (2019) clarified that the subspecies P. occidentalis should be recognized as a junior synonym of a distinct P. mossambicus (which Kelly et al. 2008 had previously suggested may be a junior synonym of a P. phillipsi). Trape et al. (2019) further found that Psammophis irregularis is genetically almost indistinguishable from typical P. phillipsi and that this name should be considered a junior synonym of P. phillipsi." 13300421,Psammophis praeornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,praeornatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","This species is commonly referred to as Dromophis praeornatus (e.g. Trape and Mané 2006, list of usages in Uetz and Hallerman 2010); this account follows Uetz and Hallerman (2010) and Segniagbeto et al. (2011) in assigning this species to Psammophis." 13300436,Psammophis sudanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,sudanensis,,,,,"Werner, 1919","Based on an examination of the holotype, Broadley (1977) synonymized this taxon, previously treated as a subspecies of Psammophis subtaeniatus, with P. sibilans sibilans. The validity of P. sudanensis has subsequently been uncertain. Spawls et al. (2002) tentatively elect to recognize it as a valid species, and this is supported by a subsequent re-examination of the holotype by D.G. Broadley, which suggests that it is ""probably"" valid (Kelly et al. 2008). The distribution of the resurrected species is however somewhat unclear given its long history as either a subspecies or synonym of other taxa.

In their revision of the Psammophis sibilans group, Trape et al. (2019) confirmed on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence that P. sudanensis warrants specific status. This analysis supported the opinion of Hughes (1999) that Psammophis leucogaster, variously considered a junior synonym or subspecies of P. sudanensis or as a subspecies of P. rukwae, is a junior synonym of P. sudanensis.

This revision may not have fully resolved the taxonomy of P. sudanensis, as genetic data suggests that East African populations may be distinct from those in West Africa despite similar morphology (Trape et al. 2019)." 13300445,Kladirostratus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Kladirostratus,acutus,,,,,"(Günther, 1888)","Kelly et al. (2008) transferred this species from Rhamphiophis to Psammophylax. The status of P. togoensis, which has been considered either a subspecies of Psammophylax acutus (Chippaux 2006, Kelly et al. 2008) or a full species (Chirio and LeBreton 2007, Segniagbeto et al. 2011), is uncertain. Segniagbeto et al. (2011) investigate this issue and determine that available material is insufficient to clarify its appropriate taxonomic status with certainty, but conclude based on their examination of the available material that consistent morphological differences exist which justify treating P. togoensis as a separate species. Records of P. acutus from West Africa are here considered to represent P. togoensis." 13300480,Kladirostratus togoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Kladirostratus,togoensis,,,,,"(Matschie, 1893)","This species has been considered as either a subspecies of Psammophylax acutus (Chippaux 2006, Kelly et al. 2008) or a full species (Chirio and LeBreton 2007, Segniagbeto et al. 2011). These latter authors indicate that available material is insufficient to clarify its appropriate taxonomic status, but based on their examination of the available material consistent morphological differences exist which justify treating P. togoensis as a separate species. Records of P. acutus from West Africa are here considered to represent P. togoensis. The species is now placed in the genus Kladirostratus (Keates et al. 2019)." 13300495,Psammophylax variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophylax,variabilis,,,,,"Günther, 1893","Several authors (Spawls et al. 2002, Kelly et al. 2008) consider the northern form of this species, Psammophylax variabilis multisquamis, a full species. No justification has been provided for this assignment. Largen and Spawls (2010) note that no convincing argument has yet been made to justify treating P. v. multisquamis as a full species, but caution that P. variabilis as presently understood may nonetheless be a complex of three or four species." 13300516,Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Rhamphiophis,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)", 13300529,Rhamphiophis rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Rhamphiophis,rostratus,,,,,"Peters, 1854","Specific status for Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus rostratus was suggested by Parker (1949), and supported by Loveridge (1955, who nonetheless retained the trinomial pending further research). Despite this, literature treatments have been inconsistent, with Largen and Rasmussen (1993) and Ineich (2001) continuing to treat it as a subspecies. Rhamphiophis rostratus has been treated as a full species in most recent literature (e.g. Kelly et al. 2008, Largen and Spawls 201, Spawls et al. 2018) and this arrangement is supported by molecular data (Vidal et al. 2008)." 13300560,Python natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,natalensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1840","

The southern African taxon Python sebae natalensis was elevated to full species status by Broadley (1999). A phylogenetic analysis (K. A. Tolley, Unpublished data 2019) supports the treatment of P. natalansis and P. sebae as full species. 

" 13300572,Python sebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,sebae,,,,,"(Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1789)","The southern African taxon Python sebae natalensis was elevated to full species status by Broadley (1999). A phylogenetic analysis (K. A. Tolley, Unpublished data 2019) supports the treatment of P. natalensis and P. sebae as full species." 13300623,Apodora papuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Apodora,papuana,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)","Reynolds et al. (2014) proposed placing Apodora papuana within the large Australasian python genus Liasis. This placement, it has since been argued (Barker et al. 2015), is difficult to reconcile with significant differences in head morphology between Apodora and Liasis, and the appropriate taxonomic assignment consequently remains unclear." 13300639,Antaresia childreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Antaresia,childreni,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 13300653,Antaresia maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Antaresia,maculosa,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)", 13300669,Antaresia perthensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Antaresia,perthensis,,,,,"(Stull, 1932)", 13300683,Antaresia stimsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Antaresia,stimsoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1985)", 13300710,Aspidites melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Aspidites,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)", 13300737,Afrotyphlops congestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,congestus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)", 13300752,Afrotyphlops lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,lineolatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1864)","Broadley and Wallach (2009) assigned this species, formerly in Typhlops, to the newly-erected genus Afrotyphlops. These authors also revalidated four of the five species synonymized within T. lineolatus by Roux-Estève (1974), and elevated the subspecies T. l. tanganicanus to full species status. Taxonomic issues may remain, as Broadley and Wallach (2009) did not consider West African (nominate) populations, and L. Chirio (pers. comm. 2012) suggests that those east of central Nigeria may not be conspecific with West African A. lineolatus." 13300770,Afrotyphlops punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,punctatus,,,,,"(Leach in Bowdich, 1819)","Broadley and Wallach (2009) assigned this species, formerly in Typhlops, to the newly-erected genus Afrotyphlops. There are morphological differences between specimens from the majority of this snake's range and those from the more humid Basse Casamance (Senegal) and southern Mali, and the status of this form is uncertain (Trape and Mané 2006). Broadley and Wallach (2009) presented a short description of this species, which excluded localities attributed to A. liberiensis , formerly a subspecies of A. punctatus. These authors did not discuss A. liberiensis beyond assigning it to this new genus, so the basis for the implied elevation to species level is unclear. Böhme et al. (2011) describe the taxonomic assignment of ""Typhlops liberiensis"" as ""not yet stable""." 13300786,Afrotyphlops steinhausi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,steinhausi,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)", 13300802,Letheobia caeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,caeca,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)", 13300841,Letheobia crossii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,crossii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)","This species was reassigned from Rhinotyphlops to the resurrected genus Letheobia by Broadley and Wallach (2007)." 13300856,Letheobia coecatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,coecatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1864)", 13300865,Letheobia leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,leucosticta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 13300876,Atheris squamigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,squamigera,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1854)",It seems plausible that this is a complex of several species that requires additional taxonomic study. 13300893,Bitis gabonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,gabonica,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Molecular studies have indicated that the disjunct South African subpopulation is not substantially divergent from subpopulations to the north (W. Wüster and A. Barlow unpubl. data, 2007). The South African subpopulation is also morphologically similar to the closest subpopulation in Zimbabwe/Mozambique (e.g. Broadley 1990). The lack of genetic differentiation suggests that Bitis gabonica once had a large and continuous distribution that was fragmented only relatively recently, resulting in various isolated subpopulations such as the one in southern Africa. This subpopulation should be considered regionally important in terms of the overall conservation of the species and the maintenance of genetic variability. Bitis rhinoceros of West Africa is now treated as a full species and not a subspecies of B. gabonica, rendering the latter monotypic (Lenk et al. 2001)." 13300910,Bitis nasicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,nasicornis,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1792)", 13300925,Bitis rhinoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,rhinoceros,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1855)", 13300938,Causus lichtensteinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Causus,lichtensteinii,,,,,"(Jan, 1859)", 13300953,Causus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Causus,maculatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1842)", 13300970,Causus resimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Causus,resimus,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)","It seems possible that this is a complex of at least four species, with further taxonomic studies recommended." 13300985,Causus rhombeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Causus,rhombeatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 13300996,Causus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Causus,bilineatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 13301008,Causus defilippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Causus,defilippii,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)", 13301028,Echis jogeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,jogeri,,,,,"Cherlin, 1990","Trape and Mané (2006) considered the validity of this species unclear, and proposed synonymizing it within Echis ocellatus. This proposal was rejected by Pook et al. (2009), who found molecular evidence for a distinct lineage corresponding to E. jogeri, and this account therefore treats E. jogeri as a valid species." 13301039,Echis ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,ocellatus,,,,,"Stemmler, 1970",Populations from Central Africa have been assigned to Echis romani by Trape (2018). 8110,Etheostoma boschungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,boschungi,,,,,"Wall & Williams, 1974", 8111,Etheostoma cinereum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,cinereum,,,,,"Storer, 1845", 13304723,Colletes creticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,creticus,,,,,"Noskiewicz, 1936", 13304833,Colletes cyprius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,cyprius,,,,,"Noskiewicz, 1936", 13305371,Colletes dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,dimidiatus,,,,,"Brullé, 1840", 13305403,Colletes dinizi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,dinizi,,,,,"Kuhlmann, Ortiz & Ornosa, 2001", 13306686,Colletes halophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,halophilus,,,,,"Verhoeff, 1944", 13306742,Colletes hederae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,hederae,,,,,"Schmidt & Westrich, 1993", 13307133,Colletes merceti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,merceti,,,,,"Noskiewicz, 1936", 13307158,Colletes moricei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,moricei,,,,,"Saunders, 1904", 13307394,Colletes pulchellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,pulchellus,,,,,"Pérez, 1903", 13307633,Colletes schmidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,schmidi,,,,,"Noskiewicz, 1962", 13307696,Colletes sierrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,sierrensis,,,,,"Frey-Gessner, 1901", 13307748,Colletes standfussi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,standfussi,,,,,"Kuhlmann, 2003", 13308901,Colletes tardus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,tardus,,,,,"Noskiewicz, 1936","The taxonomic status of C. tardus is uncertain. The species has only been found in the Ukraine and is only known from old records from 1929. However, no specimens have been found in museum collections that could help to clarify the situation." 13309155,Colletes tuberculiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,tuberculiger,,,,,"Noskiewicz, 1936", 13309203,Colletes wolfi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,wolfi,,,,,"Kuhlmann, 1999", 8112,Etheostoma cragini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,cragini,,,,,"Gilbert, 1885", 8113,Etheostoma ditrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,ditrema,,,,,"Ramsey & Suttkus, 1965",This species exhibits substantial biochemical and morphological variation; as many as three forms may soon receive formal taxonomic recognition (see Boschung and Mayden 2004). 13310581,Camptopoeum nasutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Camptopoeum,nasutum,,,,,"(Spinola, 1838)", 13311381,Flavipanurgus flavus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Flavipanurgus,flavus,,,,,"(Friese, 1897)", 13311391,Flavipanurgus fuzetus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Flavipanurgus,fuzetus,,,,,"Patiny, 1999", 13311403,Flavipanurgus granadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Flavipanurgus,granadensis,,,,,"(Warncke, 1987)", 13311592,Flavipanurgus ibericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Flavipanurgus,ibericus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1972)", 13311682,Flavipanurgus merceti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Flavipanurgus,merceti,,,,,"(Vachal, 1910)", 13311712,Flavipanurgus venustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Flavipanurgus,venustus,,,,,"(Erichson, 1835)", 13317747,Panurginus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurginus,alpinus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1972)", 13317751,Panurginus annulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurginus,annulatus,,,,,"(Sichel, 1859)", 13317979,Panurginus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurginus,montanus,,,,,"Giraud, 1861", 13317994,Panurginus schwarzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurginus,schwarzi,,,,,"(Warncke, 1972)", 13318107,Panurginus sericatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurginus,sericatus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1972)", 13318189,Panurgus canescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurgus,canescens,,,,,"Latreille, 1811", 13318331,Panurgus corsicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurgus,corsicus,,,,,"Warncke, 1972", 13318348,Panurgus dentipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurgus,dentipes,,,,,"Latreille, 1811", 13318373,Panurgus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurgus,meridionalis,,,,,"Patiny, Ortiz-Sánchez & Michez, 2005", 13318400,Panurgus siculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurgus,siculus,,,,,"Morawitz, 1871", 13318434,Simpanurgus phyllopodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Simpanurgus,phyllopodus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1972)", 13318758,Ceratina cypriaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Ceratina,cypriaca,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1949", 13320156,Ceratina gravidula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Ceratina,gravidula,,,,,"Gerstäcker, 1869", 13320615,Ceratina teunisseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Ceratina,teunisseni,,,,,"Terzo and Rasmont, 1997", 61920,Boulengerula niedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,niedeni,,,,,"Müller, Measey, Loader & Malonza, 2005", 2119,Arthroleptides dutoiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Arthroleptides,dutoiti,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935", 54847,Nectophrynoides wendyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,wendyae,,,,,"Clarke, 1988", 136007,Nectophrynoides paulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,paulae,,,,,"Menegon, Salvidio, Ngalason & Loader, 2007", 54842,Nectophrynoides poyntoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,poyntoni,,,,,"Menegon, Salvidio & Loader, 2004", 54802,Churamiti maridadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Churamiti,maridadi,,,,,"Channing & Stanley, 2002", 57946,Parhoplophryne usambarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Parhoplophryne,usambarica,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928", 59497,Boulengerula fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,fischeri,,,,,"Nussbaum & Hinkel, 1994", 58105,Phrynobatrachus dalcqi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,dalcqi,,,,,"Laurent, 1952", 13322492,Dasypoda frieseana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Dasypoda,frieseana,,,,,"Schletterer, 1890", 13322507,Dasypoda iberica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Dasypoda,iberica,,,,,"Warncke, 1973",Dasypoda iberica is only from the male. Female of this species is still undescribed. 13322511,Dasypoda morotei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Dasypoda,morotei,,,,,"Quilis, 1928", 13322514,Dasypoda pyriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Dasypoda,pyriformis,,,,,"Radoszkowski, 1887", 13323697,Macropis europaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Macropis,europaea,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 13324055,Melitta hispanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,hispanica,,,,,"Friese, 1900", 13324172,Melitta iberica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,iberica,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 13324176,Melitta kastiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,kastiliensis,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 13324617,Melitta murciana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,murciana,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 13324627,Melitta seitzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,seitzi,,,,,"Alfken, 1927", 13324630,Melitta tomentosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,tomentosa,,,,,"Friese, 1900", 13324644,Melitta udmurtica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,udmurtica,,,,,"Sitdikov, 1986", 55600,Isthmohyla picadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,picadoi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1937)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Faivovich et al. (2018) found considerable genetic differences between Costa Rican specimens from the type locality at Volcán Barva, the high Talamanca in western Panama, and the specimen from Cerro Saguí. It might be that this is a complex of several species (A. Hertz pers. comm. June 2018)." 13325442,Halictus carinthiacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,carinthiacus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1936", 13325451,Halictus centaureae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,centaureae,,,,,"Ebmer, 1985", 13326742,Halictus concinnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,concinnus,,,,,"Brullé, 1839", 13326783,Halictus crenicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,crenicornis,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1923", 13326801,Halictus frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,frontalis,,,,,"Smith, 1853", 13338014,Halictus fumatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,fumatipennis,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1923", 13338036,Halictus gruenwaldti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,gruenwaldti,,,,,"Ebmer, 1975", 13338039,Halictus holomelaenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,holomelaenus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1936", 13338042,Halictus inpilosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,inpilosus,,,,,"Ebmer, 1975", 13338045,Halictus jaramielicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,jaramielicus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1923", 13338059,Halictus langobardicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,langobardicus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1944", 13338089,Halictus lussinicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,lussinicus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1936", 13338095,Halictus mediterranellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,mediterranellus,,,,,"Strand, 1909", 13338098,Halictus microcardia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,microcardia,,,,,"Pérez, 1896", 13338107,Halictus nicosiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,nicosiae,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1923", 13338125,Halictus ponticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,ponticus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1934", 13338131,Halictus pseudotetrazonius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,pseudotetrazonius,,,,,"Strand, 1921", 13338143,Halictus pyrenaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,pyrenaeus,,,,,"Pérez, 1903", 13338171,Halictus rossicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,rossicus,,,,,"Ebmer, 1978", 13339445,Halictus tridivisus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,tridivisus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1923", 184945,Ischnura evansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,evansi,,,,,"Morton, 1919", 59766,Pseudagrion arabicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,arabicum,,,,,"Waterston, 1980","This species was first described as subspecies - Pseudagrion inconspicuum arabicum Waterston, 1980 - but is now regarded as a good species." 13357787,Halictus quadripartitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Halictus,quadripartitus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1923", 8114,Etheostoma fonticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,fonticola,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1886)", 8116,Etheostoma kanawhae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,kanawhae,,,,,"(Raney, 1941)", 184082,Etheostoma fricksium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,fricksium,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1923", 8117,Etheostoma luteovinctum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,luteovinctum,,,,,"Gilbert & Swain, 1887", 184096,Etheostoma lynceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,lynceum,,,,,"Hay, 1885", 8118,Etheostoma maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,maculatum,,,,,"Kirtland, 1840", 165460,Lindenia tetraphylla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lindenia,tetraphylla,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1825)",Lindenia inkiti described from the south Caucasus area by Bartenef falls in the variability of the species and thus is a synonym of L. tetraphylla. 158585,Orthetrum kollmannspergeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,kollmannspergeri,,,,,"Buchholz, 1959","The African Orthetrum kollmannspergeri is the western counterpart/sister taxon of the Asian O. taeniolatum, with which it was often confused in Africa and western Arabia. Both differ by details in their genital structure although their general appearance is similar (Clausnitzer and  Dijkstra, 2005; Dumont and Verschuren, 2005)." 184946,Orthetrum ransonnetii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,ransonnetii,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)","

Libellula gracilis Albarda in Selys, 1887 is according to Ris (1910) a synonym of L. ransonnetii Brauer, 1865.

This is a well defined species which is however poorly known and is not easy to identify using the existing keys for Middle Eastern species (Dumont 1991, Kalkman 2006, Schneider 1986), although using the figures of the species’ genitalia provided in these publications makes identification easy. In North Africa, the key by Jacquemin and Boudot (1999) works well.

" 165522,Sympetrum sinaiticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,sinaiticum,,,,,"Dumont, 1977","The taxonomic history of the ""pale"" Sympetrum is complex. The holotype of S. sinaiticum Dumont, 1977 was described from Tunisia and was based on an aberrant specimen (in its genitalia structure). As a consequence the subspecies S. s. tarraconense Jödicke, 1994 was subsequently synonymized with the nominotypical form, which ranges from the southern Levant (including the extreme north of Saudi Arabia) to Morocco and eastern Spain. Its Asiatic counterpart, Sympetrum arenicolor Jödicke, 1994, initially considered as a subspecies of S. sinaiticum, is now considered as a true species due to significant differences in the larvae and exuviae features, with S. deserti Jödicke, 1994 as a junior synonym. The name S. decoloratum Selys, 1884, now denotes a pale Asiatic subspecies of S. vulgatum, previously recorded as S. vulgatum flavum Bartenef, 1915." 184203,Trithemis dejouxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,dejouxi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1978","This name applies to the former records of Trithemis donaldsoni from western Africa and Yemen (Dijkstra, 2007). The exact distributional ranges of the closely related species T. dejouxi and T. donaldsoni is unclear and needs further studies. Genetic analysis shows they are sister taxa with recent separation (Damm et al., 2010)." 60284,Arabicnemis caerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Arabicnemis,caerulea,,,,,"Waterston, 1984", 60285,Arabineura khalidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Arabineura,khalidi,,,,,"(Schneider, 1988)", 60283,Pinheyschna yemenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Pinheyschna,yemenensis,,,,,"(Waterston, 1985)","Aeschna yemenensis is now placed in the genus Pinheyschna (Peters and Theischinger 2011)." 8119,Etheostoma mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,mariae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1947)", 8120,Etheostoma moorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,moorei,,,,,"Raney & Suttkus, 1964", 8121,Etheostoma nianguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,nianguae,,,,,"Gilbert & Meek, 1887", 8122,Etheostoma nuchale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,nuchale,,,,,"Howell & Caldwell, 1965", 8123,Etheostoma okaloosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,okaloosae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1941)", 8124,Etheostoma osburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,osburni,,,,,"(Hubbs & Trautman, 1932)", 13390533,Zosteraeschna ellioti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Zosteraeschna,ellioti,,,,,"(Kirby, 1896)","Aeshna ellioti is now placed in the genus Zosteraeschna (Peters and Theischinger 2011). Peters and Theischinger (2011) also proposed that the subspecies usambarica be retuned to species level as Z. usambarica." 13458323,Synagrops bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACROPOMATIDAE,Synagrops,bellus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)",Species of the Acropomatidae family are ill-defined (FAO ECA guide in prep PC Heemstra). 13458375,Synagrops microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACROPOMATIDAE,Synagrops,microlepis,,,,,"Norman, 1935",Species of the Acropomatidae family are ill-defined (Heemstra in press). 13462250,Guentherus altivela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Guentherus,altivela,,,,,"Osório, 1917", 202436,Elassoma alabamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ELASSOMATIDAE,Elassoma,alabamae,,,,,"Mayden, 1993", 40795,Nactus coindemirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,coindemirensis,,,,,"Bullock, Arnold & Bloxam, 1985", 9316,Gongylomorphus fontenayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Gongylomorphus,fontenayi,,,,,"Vinson, 1973","Gongylomorphus fontenayi was previously treated as a subspecies of G. bojeri." 2864,Bolyeria multocarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOLYERIDAE,Bolyeria,multocarinata,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 13483345,Nactus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,acutus,,,,,"Kraus, 2005", 13483377,Nactus cheverti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,cheverti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)","Zug (1998) revalidated the name Gymnodactylus cheverti Boulenger, 1885 for bisexual records of the Nactus pelagicus complex found in the southern Cape York Peninsula. N. cheverti is itself a species complex whose taxonomy is presently under investigation (C. Hoskin and P. Couper, in prep.)" 13483904,Nactus eboracensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,eboracensis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 13483949,Nactus galgajuga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,galgajuga,,,,,"(Ingram, 1978)", 13484151,Phelsuma guimbeaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,guimbeaui,,,,,"Mertens, 1963", 13484200,Phelsuma rosagularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,rosagularis,,,,,"Vinson & Vinson, 1963", 13484259,Phelsuma ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,ornata,,,,,"Gray, 1825", 13462325,Ijimaia loppei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ijimaia,loppei,,,,,"Roule, 1922", 13462411,Atherina lopeziana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherina,lopeziana,,,,,"Rossignol & Blache, 1961", 194991,Atherina presbyter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherina,presbyter,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 13295364,Corbicula producta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,producta,,,,,"von Martens, 1905", 13509199,Corbicula possoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,possoensis,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898)", 13509214,Potamolithus filipponei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamolithus,filipponei,,,,,"(von Ihering, 1910)", 13579,Miramella irena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Miramella,irena,,,,,"(Fruhstorfer, 1921)", 23320,Zubovskya banatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Zubovskya,banatica,,,,,"(Kis, 1965)","The genus Eozubovskya has been synonymised by Storozhenko et al. (2015) with Zubovskya and currently the species is assigned to the latter." 10874,Isophya harzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,harzi,,,,,"Kis, 1960", 17818,Podismopsis transsylvanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podismopsis,transsylvanica,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 4799,Chorthippus acroleucus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,acroleucus,,,,,"(Müller, 1924)", 15126,Odontopodisma rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,rubripes,,,,,"(Ramme, 1931)", 22781,Urocyon littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Urocyon,littoralis,,,,,"(Baird, 1857)", 13997902,Xenopus lenduensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,lenduensis,,,,,"Evans, Greenbaum, Kusamba, Carter, Tobias, Mendel & Kelley, 2011",It is considered to be the sister taxon to Xenopus vestitus (Evans et al. 2011). 14134315,Dipturus canutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,canutus,,,,,"Last, 2008", 198829,Ferrissia neozelanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,neozelanicus,,,,,"(Suter, 1905)", 189165,Hydrobia lactea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,lactea,,,,,"Küster, 1853","This species is currently placed in the genus Hydrobia which certainly is not correct. However, in absence of preserved specimens (anatomical studies, DNA sequencing), no decision on the correct generic placement can be taken (Neubert pers. comm. 2012).

Brown and Wright (1980) indicated a possible relationship to the northern African ""Hydrobia"" musaensis (Montagu, 1803). This statement is not considered here, because this species originated from a different water shed system if compared to H. lactea, which stems from the Mesopotamian system. It has to be stressed that the system of Hydroboidea in the Middle East is far from being correctly understood. For this reason, we here only consider what has been named H. lactea from the former Euphrates/Tigris/Schatt el-Arab drainage system. It is highly recommended to do additional fieldwork in order to unravel the puzzle of ""hydrobiid"" taxa in the future (Neubert pers. comm. 2012)." 14254997,Austrogynacantha heterogena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austrogynacantha,heterogena,,,,,"Tillyard, 1908", 43,Acanthaeschna victoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Acanthaeschna,victoria,,,,,"Martin, 1901",Previous IUCN Red Lists had the genus name spelled as Acanthaeshna; this was corrected in 2005 to Acanthaeschna. See Theischinger and Endersby (2009) for an account of the taxonomic history of this species. 163529,Antipodophlebia asthenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Antipodophlebia,asthenes,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1916)", 163523,Austrophlebia costalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austrophlebia,costalis,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1907)",Northern populations previously treated as Austrophlebia costalis were separated as Austrophlebia subcostalis by Theischinger (1996). 163546,Dendroaeschna conspersa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Dendroaeschna,conspersa,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1907)","Original description was Caliaeschna conspersa, by Tillyard (1907) and for latter taxonomic changes see Houston and Watson (1988)." 163562,Spinaeschna watsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Spinaeschna,watsoni,,,,,"Theischinger, 1982", 2424,Austrocordulia leonardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Austrocordulia,leonardi,,,,,"Theischinger, 1973", 163575,Cordulephya bidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Cordulephya,bidens,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1917", 59735,Lathrocordulia garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lathrocordulia,garrisoni,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1991", 163578,Diphlebia euphoeoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Diphlebia,euphoeoides,,,,,"Tillyard, 1907", 163552,Antipodogomphus acolythus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Antipodogomphus,acolythus,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 163577,Antipodogomphus dentosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Antipodogomphus,dentosus,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 163573,Austrogomphus doddi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,doddi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1909",Original description (Tillyard 1909). A detailed account on taxonomic history is provided by Watson (1991). 163522,Austrogomphus pusillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,pusillus,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1917","The adult of Austrogomphus pusillus is only known from the holotype male, which “It is somewhat teneral, and is now much broken:” Watson (1991)" 163580,Austrogomphus angelorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,angelorum,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913", 163574,Hemigomphus magela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hemigomphus,magela,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 163548,Hemigomphus theischingeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hemigomphus,theischingeri,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 9891,Hemiphlebia mirabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HEMIPHLEBIIDAE,Hemiphlebia,mirabilis,,,,,"Sélys, 1868", 203670,Porthidium lansbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,lansbergii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1841)", 14665245,Oligodon wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,wagneri,,,,,"David & Vogel, 2012", 14665363,Lygodactylus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,williamsi,,,,,"Loveridge, 1952", 14665504,Uroplatus finiavana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,finiavana,,,,,"Ratsoavina, Louis Jr., Crottini, Randrianiana, Glaw & Vences, 2011","A small Uroplatus from Montagne d'Ambre has long been recognized as likely to be distinct from U. ebenaui based on morphological differences (Glaw and Vences 1994), and molecular evidence has supported this view (Greenbaum et al. 2007, Raxworthy et al. 2008). Ratsoavina et al. (2011) investigated the status of ""U. ebenaui"" in the national park, finding additional molecular evidence for the specific status of the atypical form, and formally described it as a new species." 14665893,Lygosoma angeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,angeli,,,,,"(Smith, 1937)", 194119,Subdoluseps herberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Subdoluseps,herberti,,,,,"(Smith, 1916)", 14666153,Lygosoma boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,boehmei,,,,,"Ziegler, Schmitz, Heidrich, Vu & Nguyen, 2007", 14667889,Mochlus grandisonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,grandisonianus,,,,,"Lanza & Carfi, 1966", 14668000,Lygosoma isodactylum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,isodactylum,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 14668187,Mochlus laeviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,laeviceps,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 14668253,Mochlus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Broadley, 1990)","Wagner et al. (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. No other Mochlus taxa were included in this study, and the content of this revalidated genus was not discussed, however, these authors noted that all African taxa are distinct from Asian forms and confined Lygosoma and Riopa to Asia (Wagner et al. 2009, P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). By implication, all African taxa other than Lepidothyris fernandii, L. hinkeli and L. striatus are presently considered to belong to Mochlus (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). Freitas et al. (2019) subsequently formally proposed this arrangement." 14668341,Lygosoma lineolatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,lineolatum,,,,,"(Stolizcka, 1870)", 14668449,Mochlus mabuiiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,mabuiiformis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1935)","Greer (1977) synonymized Riopia (at that point containing the African genus Mochlus as a synonym following Broadley 1966) within the large, predominantly Asian genus Lygosoma. This scheme was followed until Wagner (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. No other Mochlus taxa were included in this study, and the content of this revalidated genus was not discussed, however these authors noted that all African taxa are distinct from Asian forms and confined Lygosoma and Riopa to Asia (Wagner et al. 2009, P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). By implication, all African taxa other than Lepidothyris fernandii, L. hinkeli and L. striatus are presently considered to belong to Mochlus (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012)." 14668557,Mochlus mocquardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,mocquardi,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1917)","Greer (1977) synonymized Riopia (at that point containing the African genus Mochlus as a synonym following Broadley 1966) within the large, predominantly Asian genus Lygosoma. This scheme was followed until Wagner et al. (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. No other Mochlus taxa were included in this study, and the content of this revalidated genus was not discussed, however, these authors noted that all African taxa are distinct from Asian forms and confined Lygosoma and Riopa to Asia (Wagner et al. 2009, P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). By implication, all African taxa other than Lepidothyris fernandii, L. hinkeli and L. striatus are presently considered to belong to Mochlus (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012)." 14668705,Mochlus paedocarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,paedocarinatus,,,,,"Lanza & Carfi, 1968", 14669008,Lygosoma popae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,popae,,,,,"(Shreve, 1940)", 14669144,Mochlus simonettai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,simonettai,,,,,"(Lanza, 1979)", 14669188,Mochlus somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,somalicus,,,,,"(Parker, 1942)", 14669350,Mochlus tanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,tanae,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1935)","Greer (1977) synonymized Riopia (at that point containing the African genus Mochlus as a synonym following Broadley 1966) within the large, predominantly Asian genus Lygosoma. This scheme was followed until Wagner (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. No other Mochlus taxa were included in this study, and the content of this revalidated genus was not discussed, however these authors noted that all African taxa are distinct from Asian forms and confined Lygosoma and Riopa to Asia (Wagner et al. 2009, P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). By implication, all African taxa other than Lepidothyris fernandii, L. hinkeli and L. striatus are presently considered to belong to Mochlus (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012)." 14669443,Mochlus vinciguerrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,vinciguerrae,,,,,"(Parker, 1932)", 14669579,Lygosoma veunsaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,veunsaiensis,,,,,"Geissler, Hartmann & Neang, 2012", 163568,Eurysticta coolawanyah,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Eurysticta,coolawanyah,,,,,"Watson, 1969", 163537,Eurysticta coomalie,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Eurysticta,coomalie,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 163534,Austrolestes minjerriba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,minjerriba,,,,,"Watson, 1979","Austrolestes minjerriba Watson 1979, is often mistakenly written as Austrolestes minjerriba Watson & Moulds, 1979, after the paper which the description was published in; see Watson and Moulds, (1979)." 14216608,Paxillostium nanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Paxillostium,nanum,,,,,"Gardner, 1970", 14221680,Rakipyrgus gardneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Rakipyrgus,gardneri,,,,,"(Climo, 1974)", 58175,Xenopus largeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,largeni,,,,,"Tinsley, 1995", 58172,Xenopus clivii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,clivii,,,,,"Peracca, 1898", 44189,Ctenosaura melanosterna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,melanosterna,,,,,"Buckley & Axtell, 1997","Because this species was described relatively recently, it is often referenced in the literature as Ctenosaura palearis or Enyaliosaurus palearis, the sister species that it was split from." 22823,Ursus maritimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Ursus,maritimus,,,,,"Phipps, 1774","

Phipps (1774) first described the Polar Bear as a distinct species and named it Ursus maritimus. Other names were suggested including Thalassarctos, Thalarctos, and Thalatarctos. Erdbrink (1953) and Thenius (1953) ultimately settled on Ursus (Thalarctos) maritimus because of interbreeding between Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) and Polar Bears in zoos. Based on the fossil record, Kurtén (1964) recommended the Phipps (1774) name Ursus maritimus, which was promoted by Harington (1966), Manning (1971) and Wilson (1976) and is used today (see DeMaster and Stirling 1981, Amstrup 2003, Wilson and Reeder 2005).

" 3921,Carterodon sulcidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Carterodon,sulcidens,,,,,"(Lund, 1841)","Known only from 32 specimens from throughout the Cerrado region. A morphometric assessment of these specimens did not indicate any significant morphological differentiation (Bezerra et al. 2011)." 155505,Stagnicola palustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,palustris,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 189065,Stenothyra arabica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,arabica,,,,,"Neubert, 1998", 15147715,Alepocephalus agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Alepocephalus,agassizii,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1883", 15147725,Alepocephalus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Alepocephalus,australis,,,,,"Barnard, 1923", 15147740,Alepocephalus bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Alepocephalus,bairdii,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1879", 198626,Alepocephalus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Alepocephalus,rostratus,,,,,"Risso, 1820", 15147791,Asquamiceps hjorti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Asquamiceps,hjorti,,,,,"(Koefoed, 1927)", 15147816,Bajacalifornia megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bajacalifornia,megalops,,,,,"(Lütken, 1898)", 15147860,Bathylaco nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathylaco,nigricans,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 15147965,Bathyprion danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathyprion,danae,,,,,"Marshall, 1966", 15147977,Bathytroctes michaelsarsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathytroctes,michaelsarsi,,,,,"Koefoed, 1927", 190265,Bathytroctes microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathytroctes,microlepis,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 190298,Photostylus pycnopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Photostylus,pycnopterus,,,,,"Beebe, 1933", 190264,Rouleina maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Rouleina,maderensis,,,,,"Maul, 1948", 190198,Talismania antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Talismania,antillarum,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 15148522,Conocara macropterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Conocara,macropterum,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 15148566,Conocara salmoneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Conocara,salmoneum,,,,,"(Gill & Townsend, 1897)", 15148742,Einara macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Einara,macrolepis,,,,,"(Koefoed, 1927)", 15148858,Herwigia kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Herwigia,kreffti,,,,,"(Nielsen & Larsen, 1970)", 15148964,Leptoderma macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Leptoderma,macrops,,,,,"Vaillant, 1886", 15149028,Rinoctes nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Rinoctes,nasutus,,,,,"(Koefoed, 1927)", 15149121,Rouleina attrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Rouleina,attrita,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 15149175,Talismania homoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Talismania,homoptera,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 15149262,Talismania longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Talismania,longifilis,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 15149335,Xenodermichthys copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Xenodermichthys,copei,,,,,"(Gill, 1884)", 15154478,Epicrates alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Epicrates,alvarezi,,,,,"Abalos, Baez & Nader, 1964", 15154721,Epicrates cenchria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Epicrates,cenchria,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15154880,Chilabothrus chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,chrysogaster,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)","Chilabothrus schwartzi is a recently elevated boa species (Reynolds et al. 2018). The species was originally described as Epicrates chryogaster schwartzi by Donald W. Buden in 1975 based on four type specimens collected by locals on Crooked and Acklins islands. Individuals were not recorded again in the literature (and no additional specimens were secured) until Reynolds et al. (2018) recorded four individuals on Crooked Island in 2017. Subsequent analyses of DNA, morphology, and comparison with the types by Reynolds et al. (2018) provided support for the elevation of the lineage to the specific level within the West Indian endemic genus Chilabothrus on the basis of diagnostic and divergent morphological and genetic characters." 15154897,Epicrates crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Epicrates,crassus,,,,,"Cope, 1862","Until recently this species was considered a subspecies of Epicrates cenchria, but was elevated to species status by Passos and Fernandes (2008)." 15155078,Chilabothrus exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,exsul,,,,,"(Netting & Goin, 1944)", 15155091,Chilabothrus fordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,fordii,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)","Three subspecies are recognized: Chilabothrus f. fordii (Günther, 1861), C. f. agametus (Sheplan & Schwartz, 1974) and C. f. manototus (Schwartz, 1979) (see Reynolds et al. 2018)." 15155194,Chilabothrus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,gracilis,,,,,"Fischer, 1888", 15155355,Amnesteophis melanauchen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Amnesteophis,melanauchen,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 15155600,Apostolepis ambiniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,ambiniger,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","This species was described as Rhynchonyx ambiniger; upon transfer to the feminine genus Apostolepis the specific epithet was emended to ambinigra by Boulenger (1896). This was considered an unjustified emendation by Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970), and subsequently both forms of the name have been used by recent authors (e.g. ambiniger - Cacciali et al. 2016, Uetz et al. 2018; ambinigra - Wallach et al. 2014, Nogueira 2018).

This species was described from São Paolo State in Brazil, far from any subsequent records, and the attribution of material away from the type locality to this species has long been uncertain. The same specimens from Asunción in Paraguay were attributed by Boulenger to both A. dorbignyi (Boulenger 1894) and A. ambiniger (Boulenger 1896). The latter scheme has since been accepted, and records of A. dorbignyi from Paraguay appear to be errors based on the earlier paper (Cacciali et al. 2016), but no work appears to have formally attempted to resolve the taxonomy of this species." 15155778,Apostolepis breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,breviceps,,,,,"Harvey, Gonzales & Scrocchi, 2001", 15155895,Apostolepis dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,dimidiata,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)", 15155994,Apostolepis dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,dorbignyi,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 15156501,Apostolepis intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,intermedia,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898","Until recently the Brazilian holotype, which is thought to have been lost, was the only known specimen of this species, although it was included in historical checklists for Paraguay following Bertoni (1914). The assignment of recent material from a second Brazilian locality (Albuquerque and de Lema 2012) and Paraguay (Cacciali et al. 2016) to this species is therefore provisional pending further taxonomic research into this poorly-known taxon (Cacciali et al. 2016)." 15156851,Apostolepis niceforoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,niceforoi,,,,,"Amaral, 1935", 15156936,Apostolepis nigrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,nigrolineatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1896)","

De Lema and Albuquerque (2010) placed Apostolepis quinquelineata Boulenger, 1896  in synonymy of A. nigrolineatus (Peters, 1896); although this scheme has not been universally adopted (e.g. Curcio et al. 2011, Starace 2013) it is now generally accepted (Borges-Nojosa et al. 2016) and is followed here. Curcio et al. (2011) also assigned A. pymi and A. rondoni to the synonymy of A. nigrolineatus.

" 15156955,Apostolepis nigroterminata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,nigroterminata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","De Lema and Renner (2016) redescribed this species, formally removing Apostolepis borellii from its synonymy." 15157546,Apostolepis tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,tenuis,,,,,"Ruthven, 1927", 15157565,Apostolepis tertulianobeui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,tertulianobeui,,,,,"De Lema, 2004","This species was synonymized within Apostolepis assimilis within a year of its description (Ferrarezi et al. 2005) on the basis that the described characters fell within the latter species' range of variation. These authors did not, however, examine the holotype of A. tertullianobeui, and following a subsequent comparison of the holotypes of the two species, Lema and Renner (2007) revalidated it. This was not followed in the checklist by Wallach et al. (2014) but was accepted by Costa and Bérnils (2015), who determined that A. parassimilis represents a junior synonym of A. tertullianobeui. The validity of this species remains in question (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2020); and is considered doubtful, but it is accepted as valid in a recent atlas to Brazilian snakes (Nogueira et al. 2019)." 15157593,Apostolepis vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,vittata,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)","The identity of two records from Santa Cruz in Bolivia, assigned to this species by Harvey (1999), based on two specimens that these authors acknowledged differ from the holotype, remains uncertain. Entiauspe and Lema (2015) concluded that these represented Apostolepis christineae based on photographs of the museum specimens, but did not examine the specimens to confirm this identification and A. christineae is so far known with certainty only from the Brazilian type locality. Pending direct examination of the specimens it is considered speculative to assign these records to either species (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2020), and they are consequently excluded from this assessment." 15157826,Atractus badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,badius,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","The most recent treatment of this species is that of Hoogmoed (1980), who considered that the previously-described range of this species, which extended through much of South America east of the Andes and south as far as Argentina, was likely to represent a species complex. Although this author indicated that a full evaluation of records assigned to this species throughout South America was necessary to resolve the taxonomy of this form, no such revision appears to have been attempted. Pending clarification on the taxonomy of this species, this account considers only records confirmed by Hoogmoed (1980) as representing A. badius." 15157953,Atractus caxiuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,caxiuana,,,,,"Da Costa Prudente & Santos-Costa, 2006", 15158016,Atractus elaps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,elaps,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",This species is presumably a species complex. 15158091,Atractus flammigerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,flammigerus,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 15158400,Atractus latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,latifrons,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 15158430,Atractus paraguayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,paraguayensis,,,,,"Werner, 1924","Passos et al. (2010) discussed the taxonomic history of Atractus paraguayensis and uncertainty about its range limits in Argentina, as following Williams and Gudynas (1991) and subsequent authors, Argentine and southern Brazilian records had been attributed to A. taeniatus. Passos et al. (2010) compared data from the holotypes of A. paraguayensis and A. taeniatus and concluded that Argentine and Brazilian records previously attributed to A. taeniatus in fact represent A. paraguayensis. Giraudo et al. (2012) subsequently argued that in Argentina, the name A. paraguayensis should be restricted to populations from northwest of Corrientes, which Giraudo and Scrocchi (2000) had found to be distinct from A. taeniatus, and that records from Misiones, Corrientes and Entre Rios included within A. paraguayensis by Passos et al. (2010) instead represent an indeterminate species, for which these authors use the name ""Atractus sp.""" 15158448,Atractus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)", 15158485,Atractus thalesdelemai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,thalesdelemai,,,,,"Passos, Fernandes & Zanella, 2005","Passos et al. (2010) synonymized Atractus kangueryensis within A. thalesdelemai, based on their finding that a re-examination of the holotype of the latter showed no reliable morphological differences between the two taxa." 15158505,Atractus zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,zebrinus,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)", 15158518,Boiruna maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Boiruna,maculata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 15158533,Boiruna sertaneja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Boiruna,sertaneja,,,,,"Zaher, 1996", 39905,Calamodontophis paucidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Calamodontophis,paucidens,,,,,"(Amaral, 1935)", 39906,Calamodontophis ronaldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Calamodontophis,ronaldoi,,,,,"Franco, de Carvalho Cintra & de Lema, 2006", 15158700,Cercophis auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cercophis,auratus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 15158734,Chironius flavolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,flavolineatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)","The authorship of the specific name for this species has been contentious. Some researchers have have suggested that Jan (1863) was the author of the species since he first described C. flavolineatus, but other researchers contend that Jan's description was so incomplete that it was not possible to ascertain what snake he had in mind and therefore suggested Boettger (1885) as the author, since he was the first to provide a detailed description of the species. The discovery by Hamdan et al. (2014) of a surviving syntype permitted a full diagnosis and clarification of the taxonomic identity of C. flavolineatus, and these authors confirmed Jan (1863) as the correct author." 15158749,Chironius laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,laurenti,,,,,"Dixon, Wiest & Cei, 1993", 15177172,Dipsas incerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,incerta,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)","The complex taxonomic history of Dipsas incerta is summarized by Passos et al. (2004). These authors removed the Brazilian taxon Dipsas alternans - including the junior synonyms Sibynomorphus barbouri and S. garbei - from synonymy with D. incerta. The status of a third synonym proposed by Amaral (1929) - Leptognathus praeornata - is not clear. This was not included in the synonymy of either D. alternans or D. incerta by Passos et al. (2004) and was recognized as a full species by Harvey (2008). This author did not justify this treatment, and noted that the available images of D. praeornata were not sufficient to distinguish it from either D. incerta or D. alternans. Harvey and Embert (2008) subsequently applied this name to a Venezuelan population (contra Rivas et al. 2012 they did not formally resurrect it) but L. Esqueda (pers. comm. in Uetz et al. 2018) notes that the original description is sufficient only to assign it to the genus Dipsas and suggests that the name may be a nomen dubium.

Comparing the illustration of D. incerta with material from D. variegata and D. copei, Passos et al. (2004) concluded that D. incerta is a senior synonym of D. copei and designated a neotype for D. incerta. These authors nonetheless report some differences between the D. copei specimens and the D. incerta illustration. Harvey (2008) disputes the neotype designation, arguing that Passos et al. (2004) did not sufficiently justify the need for a neotype. This author also rejects the proposed synonymy, reporting greater differences in colouration between the two taxa than suggested by Passos et al. (2004). Harvey (2008) suggests that, if the French Guiana type locality is in error, D. incerta may prove to be synonymous with a known taxon, but that it is ""certainly not"" the same species as D. copei.

Pending further research this assessment treats D. incerta as a valid species distinct from D. copei, D. alternans and D. praeornata." 15177300,Dipsas indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,indica,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768", 15177369,Drepanoides anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Drepanoides,anomalus,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 15177651,Echinanthera cyanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Echinanthera,cyanopleura,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 15178420,Helicops angulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,angulatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15178559,Helicops carinicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,carinicaudus,,,,,"(Wied-Nieuwied, 1825)", 15178721,Helicops hagmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,hagmanni,,,,,"Roux, 1910", 15178734,Helicops infrataeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,infrataeniatus,,,,,"Jan, 1865", 15178817,Helicops leopardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,leopardinus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 15178890,Helicops polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,polylepis,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 15179049,Helicops pastazae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,pastazae,,,,,"Shreve, 1934", 15179117,Helicops petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,petersi,,,,,"Rossman, 1976", 15179127,Helicops yacu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,yacu,,,,,"Rossman & Dixon, 1975", 15179137,Hydrodynastes bicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydrodynastes,bicinctus,,,,,"(Herrmann, 1804)","Neither Hydrodynastes bicinctus nor its proposed subspecies H. b. schultzi was well-characterized in the original descriptions (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2015). These authors examined variation throughout the species' Brazilian range and found no evidence to support the distinctiveness of H. b. schultzi, and synonymized it within the nominate form." 15179152,Hydrodynastes gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydrodynastes,gigas,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 15179176,Imantodes lentiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Imantodes,lentiferus,,,,,"(Cope, 1894)", 15179202,Erythrolamprus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,breviceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)","Liophis longiventris and Liophis canaima were relegated to the synonymy of Liophis (now Erythrolamprus) breviceps based on morphological characters by Fernandes et al. (2002). The names Liophis longiventris and Erythrolamprus longiventris have since been used to refer to a valid species by multiple authors (Franca et al. 2006, Grazziotin et al. 2012) but none of these was a taxonomic treatment, and the action by Fernandes et al. (2002) appears to have been overlooked rather than rejected (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2019), and the species is listed as a junior synonym by Wallach et al. (2014). Accordingly these taxa are treated as junior synonyms of E. breviceps in this assessment." 15179222,Erythrolamprus cobella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,cobella,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15179235,Erythrolamprus festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,festae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1897)", 15179357,Erythrolamprus semiaureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,semiaureus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 15179400,Erythrolamprus taeniogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,taeniogaster,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)",. 15179409,Oxyrhopus trigeminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,trigeminus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 15179426,Oxyrhopus clathratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,clathratus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 15179437,Oxyrhopus doliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,doliatus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 15179447,Oxyrhopus erdisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,erdisii,,,,,"(Barbour, 1913)", 15179459,Oxyrhopus fitzingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,fitzingeri,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 15179473,Oxyrhopus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,formosus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Historically, the name Oxyrhopus formosus has been applied to a widespread snake in much of northern South America and its range limits relative to O. occidentalis (which was included within O. formosus prior to Hoge et al. 1973) have been poorly-characterized. Partial revisions in Colombia (Lynch 2009) and the Guiana Shield (MacCulloch et al. 2009) removed O. formosus from these territories and Ecuador (Lynch 2009), but no study to date has evaluated the taxonomic status of this species using material from throughout its range (H. Zaher pers. comm. 2019). H. Zaher (pers. comm. 2012) suggests that O. formosus sensu stricto may be confined to Bahia in northern Brazil. Pending the completion of a formal revision presently in preparation (H. Zaher pers. comm. 2019), this assessment follows the published concept applied by MacCulloch et al. (2009)." 15179489,Oxyrhopus guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,guibei,,,,,"Hoge & Romano, 1977", 15179498,Oxyrhopus marcapatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,marcapatae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 15179513,Oxyrhopus rhombifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,rhombifer,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","It comprises four subspecies (Leynaud and Bucher 1999), three of which are found in Argentina: Oxyrhopus rhombifer rhombifer, O. r. bachmanni, and O. r. inaequifasciatus (Giraudo et al. 2012)." 15179524,Oxyrhopus vanidicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,vanidicus,,,,,"Lynch, 2009","The recent description of Oxyrhopus vanidicus, which very closely resembles O. melanogenys, makes the specific identity of previously reported records of O. melanogenys in Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia uncertain (Lynch 2009). Examining specimens from Venezuela, Rivas et al. (2012) could find no consistent differences between O. vanidicus and O. melanogenys, raising doubts about the specific validity of O. vanidicus. Records for Brazil in Lynch (2009) were not based on examined specimens, but from images from Martins and Oliveira (1998)." 20380,Sechellophryne gardineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SOOGLOSSIDAE,Sechellophryne,gardineri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 15181405,Phalotris bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,bilineatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Elapomorphus bilineatus was described based on a specimen considered to be a hybrid between E. suspectus and E. spegazzinii (de Lema 1984), the former form itself recognized as a subspecies of E. spegazzinii (Lema 1984). It therefore appears that the names E. (now Phalotris) bilineatus and E. spegazzinii refer to the same species, and recent authors have considered E. spegazzinii a junior synonym of P. bilineatus (e.g. Giraudo and Scrocchi 2002). The systematics of this taxon are further complicated by suggestions that P. bilineatus is itself a junior synonym of P. lemniscatus (Lema 1979, Carreira et al. 2005). This account treats P. bilineatus as valid pending resolution of this issue." 15181427,Phalotris cuyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,cuyanus,,,,,"(Cei, 1984)", 15181457,Phalotris matogrossensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,matogrossensis,,,,,"De Lema, D’Agostini & Cappelari, 2005", 15181469,Phalotris mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,mertensi,,,,,"(Hoge, 1955)", 15181504,Phalotris nigrilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,nigrilatus,,,,,"Ferrarezzi, 1993", 15181524,Phalotris sansebastiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,sansebastiani,,,,,"Jansen & Köhler, 2008", 15181564,Phalotris reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,reticulatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1860)", 15181613,Philodryas aestiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,aestiva,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 15181735,Philodryas agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,agassizii,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 15181766,Philodryas baroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,baroni,,,,,"Berg, 1895", 15181813,Philodryas laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,laticeps,,,,,"Werner, 1900", 15181834,Philodryas mattogrossensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,mattogrossensis,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 15181870,Philodryas nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,nattereri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870", 15181934,Philodryas olfersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,olfersii,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","This is a species complex whose systematics are under review (Arredondo 2011). As presently understood three subspecies are recognized: Philodryas olfersii olfersi, P. o. herbeus and P. o. latirostris." 15182036,Philodryas patagoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,patagoniensis,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 15182216,Incaspis simonsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Incaspis,simonsii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 15182225,Philodryas trilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,trilineata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1861)", 15182284,Philodryas viridissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,viridissima,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15182322,Psomophis genimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Psomophis,genimaculatus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1885)", 15182335,Psomophis joberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Psomophis,joberti,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1884)", 15182460,Dipsas turgida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,turgida,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","Sibynomorphus inaequifasciatus is known from a single specimen from ""Sudamerica"", probably collected in Brazil but never subsequently recorded there. A specimen from Paraguay originally assigned to this species (Cope 1862) was later included in the type series of the new species Sibynomorphus turgidus by the same author (Cope 1868). Recent examination of this individual confirmed its identity as S. turgidus (P. Cacciali, unpubl. data), and the holotype is therefore the only example of S. inaequifasciatus known to exist.

Based on the original description Peters (1960) noted that all but one of the holotype's characters have been reported from aberrant individuals of S. vagans and that it also shares characters in common with S. neuwiedi. It is therefore possible that S. inaequifasciatus is conspecific with one of these two species, in which case the name S. inaequifasciatus would have priority (Peters 1960). In the absence of additional specimens and reliable information on its provenance its appropriate taxonomic status cannot be verified and the holotype (""Probably in the Paris Museum"" - Peters 1960) has not been located. Peters (1960) recommends ""discarding"" the name on this basis, but despite this recommendation the name S. inaequifasciatus has subsequently been used to refer to a valid species in checklists for Brazil and (erroneously) Paraguay.

Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas." 15182493,Dipsas mikanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,mikanii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1837",Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. 15182904,Taeniophallus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 15182954,Taeniophallus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)",Specimens from northeastern Peru present morphological variations and may represent a distinct species (G. Gagliardi pers. comm. 2014) 15182980,Taeniophallus poecilopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,poecilopogon,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 15183091,Thamnodynastes hypoconia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,hypoconia,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)", 15183119,Thamnodynastes lanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,lanei,,,,,"Bailey, Thomas & Da Silva, 2005","The name Thamnodynastes nattereri has been used informally in several papers (e.g. Bailey et al. 2005) to refer to an ""easily-diagnosable"" Atlantic Forest population of this species thought likely to be specifically distinct (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2017), but the type of this taxon is lost and research is ongoing to determine the status of this population and whether T. nattereri is the appropriate name." 15183361,Xenodon dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,dorbignyi,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 112539440,Xenodon histricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,histricus,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)"," It is necessary to perform a morphological and genetic study of this species throughout its range, as it is thought possible that more than one species may be included under this name (R. Maneyro pers. comm. 2016)." 15183534,Xenodon merremi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,merremi,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)", 15183645,Xenodon pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,pulcher,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 176857,Xenodon semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,semicinctus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Zaher et al. (2009) synonymized the genus Lystrophis under Xenodon." 15183689,Xenodon severus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,severus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15183704,Xenopholis undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenopholis,undulatus,,,,,"(Jensen, 1900)", 15183719,Xenopholis werdingorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenopholis,werdingorum,,,,,"Jansen, Álvarez & Köhler, 2009", 15183756,Phrynonax shropshirei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Phrynonax,shropshirei,,,,,"Barbour & Amaral, 1924","Jadin et al. (2013) investigated the systematics of Pseustes (for which they resurrected the senior synonym Phrynonax), within which they recognized the species P. poecilonotus, P. shropshirei, and P. polylepis (the latter resurrected from synonymy within P. poecilonotus). These authors did not however include material from P. shropshirei in their analysis, and the taxonomic status of this taxon relative to P. polylepis is unclear (Gutiérrez-Cárdenas et al. in review, G. Rivas pers. comm. 2015). It is treated here as a valid species following Jadin et al. (2013), however, further research is required to confirm this arrangement. Natera-Munaw et al. (2015) resurrected the name Phrynonax lyoni encompassing both Venezuelan records of P. shropshirei and an eastern coastal population of P. polylepis, the latter without examining the specimens. The characters these authors use to distinguish P. lyoni are however confusing and examination of the eastern coastal specimens confirms their assignment to P. polylepis (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2016). On this basis, this account follows a traditional concept of P. shropshirei encompassing the Venezuelan populations, and P. lyoni is retained as a junior synonym of P. poecilonotus." 15183770,Spilotes sulphureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spilotes,sulphureus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)", 15183785,Rhinobothryum lentiginosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhinobothryum,lentiginosum,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1785)", 15201853,Leptomicrurus collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Leptomicrurus,collaris,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 15202813,Micrurus albicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,albicinctus,,,,,"Amaral, 1926", 15202826,Micrurus annellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,annellatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 15202841,Micrurus averyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,averyi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1939", 15202867,Micrurus filiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,filiformis,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 15202882,Micrurus hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,hemprichii,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)", 15202912,Micrurus lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,lemniscatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15202927,Micrurus silviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,silviae,,,,,"Di Bernardo, Borges-Martins & Da Silva, 2007", 15202936,Micrurus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,tricolor,,,,,"Hoge, 1956", 15202956,Epictia diaplocia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,diaplocia,,,,,"(Orejas-Miranda, 1969)", 15202971,Epictia munoai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,munoai,,,,,"(Orejas-Miranda, 1961)",Further taxonomic studies are recommended to clarify the relation between Epictia munoai and other species of the genus. 15203002,Amerotyphlops brongersmianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,brongersmianus,,,,,"(Vanzolini, 1976)", 15203013,Amerotyphlops yonenagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,yonenagae,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1991)", 15203217,Bothrops mattogrossensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,mattogrossensis,,,,,"Amaral, 1925","

In a recent review of the Bothrops neuwiedi complex based on morphology and mitochondrial genes, Carrasco et al. (2019) suggested that B. matogrossensis is a complex of species. Additional taxonomic review is needed to clarify this problem.

" 15203290,Bothrops diporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,diporus,,,,,"Cope, 1862","Silva (2004) and Silva and Rodriguez (2008) consider that Bothrops diporus is found in Missiones in Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and west of Parana and Sao Paulo in Brazil. These populations are, however, morphologically distinct from animals found at this species' type locality (Rio Bermejo, in the Chaco ecoregion) (Giraudo 2004, Cacciali et al. 2016). It is possible that these populations are specifically distinct from 'true' B. diporus found in central and northern Argentina, and west of the Rio Paraguay in Paraguay (A. Giraudo, unpubl. data). These may prove to be referable to B. pubescens, B. neuwiedi, B. mattogrossensis or populations intermediate between these taxa (A. Giraudo pers. comm. 2016), but molecular studies to resolve the systematics of this taxon and of the B. neuwiedii group as a whole are presently lacking. As such, the taxonomy and distribution of every member of this group remains unclear." 15203324,Bothrops jararaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,jararaca,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)", 15203480,Bothrops neuwiedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,neuwiedi,,,,,"Wagler, 1824","Silva (2004) and Silva and Rodrigues (2008) consider that Bothrops diporus is found in Missiones in Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and west of Parana and Sao Paulo in Brazil. These populations are, however, morphologically distinct from animals found at this species' type locality (Rio Bermejo, in the Chaco ecoregion) (Giraudo 2004, Cacciali et al. 2016). It is possible that these populations are specifically distinct from 'true' B. diporus found in central and northern Argentina, and west of the Rio Paraguay in Paraguay (A. Giraudo, unpubl. data). These may prove to be referable to Bothrops pubescens, B. neuwiedi, B. mattogrossensis or populations intermediate between these taxa (A. Giraudo pers. comm. 2016), but molecular studies to resolve the systematics of this taxon and of the Bothrops neuwiedii group as a whole are presently lacking. As such, the taxonomy and distribution of every member of this group remains unclear." 15203510,Bothrops pauloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,pauloensis,,,,,"Amaral, 1925","Bothrops pauloensis is a species complex (P. Cacciali and N. Scott pers. comm. 2014). Cacciali et al. (2016) described problems assigning material from Paraguay to members of the former Bothrops neuwiedi. These authors tentatively assigned this material to two former members of this group: B. diporus and B. pauloensis, while emphasising that further work was needed to confirm this assignment." 15203544,Bothrops pubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,pubescens,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)","Silva (2004) and Silva and Rodriguez (2008) consider that Bothrops diporus is found in Missiones in Argentina, eastern Paraguay, and west of Parana and Sao Paulo in Brazil. These populations are, however, morphologically distinct from animals found at this species' type locality (Rio Bermejo, in the Chaco ecoregion) (Giraudo 2004, Cacciali et al. 2016). It is possible that these populations are specifically distinct from 'true' B. diporus found in central and northern Argentina, and west of the Rio Paraguay in Paraguay (A. Giraudo, unpubl. data). These may prove to be referrable to Bothrops pubescens, B. neuwiedi, B. mattogrossensis or populations intermediate between these taxa (A. Giraudo pers. comm. 2016), but molecular studies to resolve the systematics of this taxon and of the Bothrops neuwiedii group as a whole are presently lacking. As such, the taxonomy and distribution of every member of this group remains unclear." 15203567,Bothrops bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,bilineatus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)",The species has also been referred to as Bothrops bilineata in the literature. 15203603,Bothrops chloromelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,chloromelas,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 15203642,Bothrops medusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,medusa,,,,,"(Sternfield, 1920)", 15203715,Bothrops pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,pulchra,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)","The correct generic allocation of the species needs to be reviewed. The status of populations currently referred to Bothrops pulchra remains unresolved; there appear to be two distinct taxa, and one of them appears to be quite close to, if not conspecific with, B. chloromelas (Campbell and Lamar 2004)." 15203757,Bothrops taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,taeniatus,,,,,"Wagler, 1824", 15203857,Bothrops alternatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,alternatus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 15203880,Bothrops ammodytoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,ammodytoides,,,,,"Leybold, 1873", 15203902,Bothrops cotiara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,cotiara,,,,,"(Gomes, 1913)", 15203950,Bothrops jonathani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,jonathani,,,,,"Harvey, 1994", 15203980,Bothrocophias campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrocophias,campbelli,,,,,"(Freire-Lascano, 1991)", 15204002,Bothrocophias colombianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrocophias,colombianus,,,,,"(Rendahl & Vestergren, 1940)","Bothrops rhombeatus was resurrected by Folleco-Fernández (2010) from synonymy with B. colombianus. Unfortunately, when comparing this species with the widespread B. asper, this author neglected to examine material from outside the Cauca Department of Colombia, although B. asper is a very widespread, variable species. Ramírez-Chaves and Solari (2014) investigated the validity of B. rhombeatus and concluded that it was likely to be a junior synonym of either B. atrox or B. asper but that, based on the absence of type material, its identity could not be determined with certainty and so it should be considered a nomen dubium." 15204024,Bothrocophias hyoprora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrocophias,hyoprora,,,,,"(Amaral, 1935)", 15204044,Bothrocophias microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrocophias,microphthalmus,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 167047,Anilius scytale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANILIIDAE,Anilius,scytale,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15208241,Assiminea nitida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,nitida,,,,,"(Pease, 1865)", 15208255,Biomphalaria arabica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,arabica,,,,,"(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896)","The taxonomic position (Brown 1994) has to be re-evaluated as conspecificity with Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss, 1848) from Africa might be possible (Neubert 1998) but the  taxonomy of the African Biomphalaria needs drastic revision (Jørgensen et al. 2007)." 15208325,Bithynia badiella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,badiella,,,,,"(Küster, 1853)","Possible synonyms include B. hawaderiana and B. saulcyi, both named by Bourguignat (1853). In his work on the freshwater molluscs of the Orontes river in Syria, Schütt (1983) reduced the number of Bithynia species described from the Levant area from 13 to 2 valid species. A re-examination of the material stored in the Senckenberg Museum revealed several taxonomic problems which still have to be solved (Neubert 1998).  Additionally, the species should be compared carefully to Bithynia taxa from Greece, Asia Minor and Iran, and to east-Mediterranean forms of Bithynia leachi (Sheppard, 1823). The type locality of Bithynia badiella is Beirut (Neubert 1998).

According to Peter Glöer's personal comments on his ongoing work, this species belongs to the new genus Pseudobithynia. However, as these results haven't been published yet, its present valid name remains as Bithynia badiella (Mary Seddon pers. comm. April 2012)." 15208411,Bulinus beccarii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,beccarii,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1872)", 15208465,Bulinus wrighti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,wrighti,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1965", 15208489,Hydrobia glaucovirens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,glaucovirens,,,,,"(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1896)","This species is currently placed in the genus Hydrobia which certainly is not correct. However, in absence of preserved specimens (anatomical studies, DNA sequencing), no decision on the correct generic placement can be taken (Neubert pers. comm. 2012)." 60541,Aphanius richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,richardsoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)",This killifish is usually treated as a subspecies or synonym of A. dispar. Unpublished molecular data strongly suggest that it represents a separate species. 201488,Spirobolellus praslinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Spirobolellus,praslinus,,,,,"Saussure & Zehntner, 1902","The identity of this species is uncertain, the four specimens collected may be immature. Its generic placement is questionable." 201495,Seychellonema gerlachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,SCUTIGEROMORPHA,SCUTIGERIDAE,Seychellonema,gerlachi,,,,,"Butler, Edgecombe, Ball & Giribert, 2010", 178535,Tricheilostoma bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tricheilostoma,bicolor,,,,,"(Jan, 1860)","Hedges (2011) assigned this species from Guinea to Tricheilostoma." 177562,Python regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,regius,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 190603,Dispholidus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dispholidus,typus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1828)","Dispholidus is presently considered to be a monotypic genus, however the complex pattern of regional morphological variation in this very widespread snake has led to suggestions that the species is a complex (summarized by Eimermacher 2012). On the basis of molecular evidence, this author identified four clades within D. typus that are likely to warrant recognition at specific status. Formal descriptions based on these results and on morphological data are in preparation, and additional cryptic species may be found within the D. typus complex (Eimermacher 2012). Broadley and Blaylock (2013) considered populations in (mainly) the Western and Eastern Cape provinces as being referable to D. t. typus, while populations elsewhere in the range (where males are usually mainly green dorsally) were treated as D. t. viridis." 176810,Gonionotophis grantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Gonionotophis,grantii,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 202667,Cottus rhotheus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,rhotheus,,,,,"(Smith, 1882)", 5517,Crenichthys nevadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Crenichthys,nevadae,,,,,"Hubbs, 1932", 202438,Elassoma gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ELASSOMATIDAE,Elassoma,gilberti,,,,,"Snelson, Krabbenhoft, and Quattro, 2009", 202099,Erimyzon sucetta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Erimyzon,sucetta,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 184097,Cyprinella venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,venusta,,,,,"Girard, 1856","Kristmundsdottir and Gold (1996) used mtDNA restriction site analysis to study systematics and biogeography and identified four major mtDNA-based phylogeographic clades: Chocktawatchee, Apalachicola, Mobile, and Western (four lineages, Texas to Mississippi). They found that mtDNA phylogeographic subdivision within C. venusta is not strictly concordant with geographic subdivisions (ranges) of the three nominal subspecies (venusta, cercostigma, and stigmatura). Taxonomic revision may be warranted, but further study is needed. This species was removed from the genus Notropis and placed in the genus (formerly subgenus) Cyprinella by Mayden (1989). This change was adopted in the 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991). See Mayden (1989) for synonymy." 5442,Cottus princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,princeps,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 202652,Cottus bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,bairdii,,,,,"Girard, 1850", 6134,Cyprinella caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,caerulea,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 5438,Cottus echinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,echinatus,,,,,"Bailey & Bond, 1963", 202442,Enneacanthus obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Enneacanthus,obesus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 8015,Erimystax cahni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Erimystax,cahni,,,,,"(Hubbs & Crowe, 1956)", 202449,Etheostoma basilare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,basilare,,,,,"Page, Hardman, and Near, 2003", 202087,Cyprinella trichroistia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,trichroistia,,,,,"(Jordan and Gilbert, 1878)", 202661,Cottus gulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,gulosus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 5786,Crystallaria asprella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Crystallaria,asprella,,,,,"(Jordan, 1878)", 202609,Chologaster cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,AMBLYOPSIDAE,Chologaster,cornuta,,,,,"Agassiz, 1853", 202443,Etheostoma akatulo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,akatulo,,,,,"Layman and Mayden, 2009", 6163,Cyprinodon pecosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,pecosensis,,,,,"Echelle & Echelle, 1978", 202080,Cyprinella gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,gibbsi,,,,,"(Howell and Williams, 1971)", 202439,Elassoma okefenokee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ELASSOMATIDAE,Elassoma,okefenokee,,,,,"Böhlke, 1956", 5443,Cottus paulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,paulus,,,,,"Williams, 2000","This species was formerly known as Cottus pygmaeus (and appeared in IUCN Red Lists up to 2006 under that name), but that specific name is preoccupied in the genus Cottus, so Williams (2000) proposed the substitute name C. paulus." 202666,Cottus perplexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,perplexus,,,,,"Gilbert & Evermann, 1894", 6150,Cyprinodon elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,elegans,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 202663,Cottus hypselurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,hypselurus,,,,,"Robins and Robison, 1985", 62213,Empetrichthys latos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Empetrichthys,latos,,,,,"Miller, 1948", 7128,Elassoma boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ELASSOMATIDAE,Elassoma,boehlkei,,,,,"Rohde & Arndt, 1987", 184103,Enneacanthus gloriosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Enneacanthus,gloriosus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1855)", 202445,Etheostoma asprigene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,asprigene,,,,,"(Forbes, 1878)", 202090,Cyprinella zanema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,zanema,,,,,"(Jordan and Brayton, 1878)", 202100,Erimyzon tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Erimyzon,tenuis,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1855)", 202452,Etheostoma bison,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,bison,,,,,"Ceas and Page, 1997", 202656,Cottus carolinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,carolinae,,,,,"(Gill, 1861)", 5368,Coregonus kiyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,kiyi,,,,,"(Koelz, 1921)", 202375,Cyprinodon arcuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,arcuatus,,,,,"Minckley & Miller, 2002", 202072,Couesius plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Couesius,plumbeus,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1850)", 202073,Cycleptus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Cycleptus,meridionalis,,,,,"Burr and Mayden, 1999", 6149,Cyprinodon diabolis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,diabolis,,,,,"Wales, 1930", 7129,Elassoma okatie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ELASSOMATIDAE,Elassoma,okatie,,,,,"Rohde & Arndt, 1987", 202093,Erimystax dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Erimystax,dissimilis,,,,,"(Kirtland, 1841)", 202086,Cyprinella spiloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,spiloptera,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 202085,Cyprinella pyrrhomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,pyrrhomelas,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202660,Cottus girardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,girardi,,,,,"Robins, 1961", 202081,Cyprinella labrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,labrosa,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202441,Enneacanthus chaetodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Enneacanthus,chaetodon,,,,,"(Baird, 1855)", 202068,Chrosomus oreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chrosomus,oreas,,,,,"Cope, 1868", 17065,Chrosomus tennesseensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chrosomus,tennesseensis,,,,,"(Starnes & Jenkins, 1988)", 202095,Erimystax insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Erimystax,insignis,,,,,"(Hubbs & Crowe, 1956)", 5515,Crenichthys baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Crenichthys,baileyi,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1893)", 202669,Cottus tallapoosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,tallapoosae,,,,,"Neely, Williams, and Mayden, 2007", 6338,Deltistes luxatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Deltistes,luxatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1879)", 202435,Crystallaria cincotta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Crystallaria,cincotta,,,,,"Welsh and Wood, 2008", 202653,Cottus beldingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,beldingii,,,,,"Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1891", 202655,Cottus caeruleomentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,caeruleomentum,,,,,"Kinziger, Raesly, and Neely, 2000", 202091,Dionda nigrotaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Dionda,nigrotaeniata,,,,,"(Cope, 1880)", 62211,Cyprinodon salinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,salinus,,,,,"Miller, 1943", 202067,Chrosomus erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chrosomus,erythrogaster,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 202076,Cyprinella callistia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,callistia,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 184085,Cottus pitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,pitensis,,,,,"Bailey & Bond, 1963", 202098,Erimyzon oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Erimyzon,oblongus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)","Three subspecies (oblongatus, claviformis, and connectens) have been recognized, but the validity of connectens is questionable (see Lee et al. 1980). Page and Burr (1991) recognized only oblongatus and claviformis as valid subspecies. Bailey et al. (2004) recognized E. oblongatus and E. claviformis as distinct species; Nelson et al. (2004) noted this treatment but did not adopt it. Page and Burr (2011) recognized E. oblongatus and E. claviformis as distinct species." 62210,Cyprinodon nevadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,nevadensis,,,,,"Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889", 202450,Etheostoma bellator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,bellator,,,,,"Suttkus and Bailey, 1993", 202402,Esox niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,ESOCIDAE,Esox,niger,,,,,"Lesueur, 1818", 184100,Esox americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,ESOCIDAE,Esox,americanus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 202078,Cyprinella chloristia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,chloristia,,,,,"(Jordan and Brayton, 1878)", 202448,Etheostoma barrenense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,barrenense,,,,,"Burr and Page, 1982", 7993,Eremichthys acros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Eremichthys,acros,,,,,"Hubbs & Miller, 1948", 202664,Cottus klamathensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,klamathensis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 202082,Cyprinella leedsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,leedsi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1942)", 202077,Cyprinella camura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,camura,,,,,"(Jordan and Meek, 1884)", 184083,Clinostomus funduloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Clinostomus,funduloides,,,,,"Girard, 1856","This species formerly was referred to as C. vandoisulus. It is one of two species of Clinostomus. Sometimes it has been placed in genus Richardsonius. Duebler (1955, Ph.D. diss., Cornell Univ.) recognized three subspecies (two described, funduloides and estor), with the undescribed form close to species status (Lee et al. 1980)." 202659,Cottus confusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,confusus,,,,,"Bailey and Bond, 1963", 202447,Etheostoma barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,barbouri,,,,,"Kuehne and Small, 1971", 202649,Cottus aleuticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,aleuticus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1896", 5440,Cottus greenei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,greenei,,,,,"(Gilbert & Culver, 1898)", 5437,Cottus asperrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,asperrimus,,,,,"Rutter, 1908", 202440,Elassoma zonatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ELASSOMATIDAE,Elassoma,zonatum,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202096,Erimystax x-punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Erimystax,x-punctatus,,,,,"(Hubbs and Crowe, 1956)", 202401,Esox masquinongy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,ESOCIDAE,Esox,masquinongy,,,,,"Mitchill, 1824", 202074,Cyprinella analostana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,analostana,,,,,"Girard, 1859", 6169,Cyprinodon tularosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,tularosa,,,,,"Miller & Echelle, 1975", 202066,Chrosomus eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chrosomus,eos,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 62199,Dionda episcopa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Dionda,episcopa,,,,,"Baird, 1857","

Taxonomy of the genus Dionda is currently in flux. It is likely that acceptance of taxonomic revisions suggested by Schonuth et al. (2012), in which the D. episcopa complex is split into three putative species, would restrict the range of D. episcopa to the middle Pecos River drainage basin. Formal description of these putative species would warrant reassessment of D. episcopa to account for a more restricted distribution.

" 6164,Cyprinodon radiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,radiosus,,,,,"Miller, 1948", 202657,Cottus chattahoochee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,chattahoochee,,,,,"Neely, Williams, and Mayden, 2007", 202444,Etheostoma artesiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,artesiae,,,,,"(Hay, 1881)", 184086,Culaea inconstans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Culaea,inconstans,,,,,"(Kirtland, 1840)", 184089,Chrosomus neogaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chrosomus,neogaeus,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)","This species hybridizes with Phoxinus eos (Bailey and Oliver 1939). Hybrids between P. neogaeus and P. eos comprise diploid, triploid, and diploid-triploid mosaic unisexuals. Diploids are products of clonal reproduction. Hybrids may coexist with P. eos in the absence of P. neogaeus (Hubbs and Brown 1929; Dawley et al. 1987). Aclonal reproduction by polyploids also occurs." 202089,Cyprinella xaenura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,xaenura,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202376,Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,rubrofluviatilis,,,,,"Fowler, 1916", 8107,Etheostoma acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,acuticeps,,,,,"Bailey, 1959", 202094,Erimystax harryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Erimystax,harryi,,,,,"(Hubbs and Crowe, 1956)", 202079,Cyprinella galactura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,galactura,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202084,Cyprinella nivea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,nivea,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202083,Cyprinella lepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,lepida,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 6135,Cyprinella callitaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,callitaenia,,,,,"(Bailey & Gibbs, 1956)", 6148,Cyprinodon bovinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,bovinus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 6137,Cyprinella monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,monacha,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 7705,Empetrichthys merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Empetrichthys,merriami,,,,,"Gilbert, 1893", 202668,Cottus ricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,ricei,,,,,"(Nelson, 1876)", 5439,Cottus extensus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,extensus,,,,,"Bailey & Bond, 1963", 202446,Etheostoma baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,baileyi,,,,,"Page and Burr, 1982", 202650,Cottus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,asper,,,,,"Richardson, 1836", 202451,Etheostoma bellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,bellum,,,,,"Zorach, 1968", 5444,Cottus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,tenuis,,,,,"(Evermann & Meek, 1898)", 202651,Cottus baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,baileyi,,,,,"Robins, 1961", 202662,Cottus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,hubbsi,,,,,"Bailey and Dimick, 1949", 202437,Elassoma evergladei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ELASSOMATIDAE,Elassoma,evergladei,,,,,"Jordan, 1884", 17064,Chrosomus cumberlandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chrosomus,cumberlandensis,,,,,(Starnes & Starnes 1978), 8108,Etheostoma aquali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,aquali,,,,,"Williams & Etnier, 1978", 202092,Dionda serena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Dionda,serena,,,,,"Baird, 1857", 202075,Cyprinella callisema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,callisema,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 5441,Cottus leiopomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,leiopomus,,,,,"Gilbert & Evermann, 1894", 202088,Cyprinella whipplei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,whipplei,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 202070,Clinostomus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Clinostomus,elongatus,,,,,"(Kirtland, 1841)", 202654,Cottus bendirei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,bendirei,,,,,"(Bean, 1881)", 15039196,Chortopodisma cobellii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chortopodisma,cobellii,,,,,"(Krauss, 1883)", 15039317,Italopodisma lucianae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,lucianae,,,,,"(Baccetti, 1959)", 15038064,Psorodonotus ebneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Psorodonotus,ebneri,,,,,"Karabag, 1952", 15039888,Miramella formosanta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Miramella,formosanta,,,,,"(Fruhstorfer, 1921)", 15039290,Italopodisma fiscellana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,fiscellana,,,,,"(La Greca, 1954)", 15039296,Italopodisma lagrecai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,lagrecai,,,,,"(Galvagni, 1973)", 15039263,Italopodisma acuminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,acuminata,,,,,"(La Greca, 1969)", 15039228,Epipodisma pedemontana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Epipodisma,pedemontana,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 15038384,Prionotropis azami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Prionotropis,azami,,,,,"Uvarov, 1923","Prionotropis hystrix subsp. azami Uvarov, 1923 was raised to species level by Massa and Ünal (2015)." 59048,Sechellophryne pipilodryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SOOGLOSSIDAE,Sechellophryne,pipilodryas,,,,,"(Gerlach & Willi, 2003)", 176855,Lycophidion semicinctum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,semicinctum,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","The range of this species overlaps with Lycophidion albomaculatum Steindachner, 1870, a species that until recently was classified as L. semicinctum albomaculatum." 20381,Sooglossus sechellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SOOGLOSSIDAE,Sooglossus,sechellensis,,,,,"(Boettger, 1896)", 176866,Natriciteres olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natriciteres,olivacea,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 177439,Philothamnus irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,irregularis,,,,,"(Leach, 1819)", 14663,Sooglossus thomasseti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SOOGLOSSIDAE,Sooglossus,thomasseti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 183160,Awaous aeneofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,aeneofuscus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)",This species is also reported as Gobius (Awaous) aeneofuscus (antiquated name). 61207,Pellona ditchela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pellona,ditchela,,,,,"Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847", 177548,Telescopus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,variegatus,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)", 154687,Arnoglossus imperialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,imperialis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)",Species-level identification of Arnoglossus is problematic and the taxonomy of this genus requires further clarification. 154968,Etrumeus whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,whiteheadi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 154893,Solea triophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,triophthalma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1863", 198630,Gymnammodytes cicerelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMMODYTIDAE,Gymnammodytes,cicerelus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)","There are issues of taxonomic quality within the family Ammodytidae. Gymnammodytes capensis and G. cicerelus do not significantly differ morphologically and therefore, their status is uncertain. They were described as separate species due to differences in geographic distribution of regional populations, however a systematic revision is needed (Nizinski in press)." 198627,Glossanodon leioglossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ARGENTINIDAE,Glossanodon,leioglossus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1848)", 190335,Aulopus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Aulopus,filamentosus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)", 195001,Bathysaurus mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,BATHYSAURIDAE,Bathysaurus,mollis,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 195003,Halobatrachus didactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Halobatrachus,didactylus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","A second morphotype found in the Gulf of Guinea, with larger eyes and a narrower interorbital width, is currently considered, with some question, as part of this species but may represent another valid species, Halobatrachus conspicillum (Cuvier, 1829) according to Collette et al. (2006)." 198573,Belone belone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Belone,belone,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)","Three subspecies are recognized (Collette and Parin 1970, Collette 2003): Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) from northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866 from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, and Belone belone acus Risso, 1826 from the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent parts of the Atlantic, Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores, and south to the Cape Verde Islands." 189820,Tylosurus acus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Tylosurus,acus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)","Four subspecies are recognised:
  • T. a. acus (Lacepède, 1803) in the western Atlantic (Massachusetts, USA to Brazil) and east Atlantic (off Morocco and the western Mediterranean Sea);
  • T. a. imperialis (Rafinesque, 1810) in the Mediterranean Sea and Cape Verde Islands);
  • T. a. rafale Collette and Parin 1970 from the Gulf of Guinea; and
  • T. a melanotus (Bleeker, 1850) in the the Indo-West Pacific and oceanic islands in the eastern tropical Pacific (Revillagigedos, Clipperton, and Cocos).
" 198724,Arnoglossus laterna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,laterna,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 198556,Arnoglossus thori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,thori,,,,,"Kyle, 1913", 198725,Bothus podas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,podas,,,,,"(Delaroche, 1809)","There are three subspecies B. p. podas, B. p. maderensis, and B. p. africanus, and there some questions regarding the taxonomic status of these subspecies." 198649,Cepola macrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CEPOLIDAE,Cepola,macrophthalma,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",There is confusion as to whether C. rubescens is the true valid species name. 194993,Chlorophthalmus agassizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,agassizi,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1840", 198726,Citharus linguatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CITHARIDAE,Citharus,linguatula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 182611,Ethmalosa fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Ethmalosa,fimbriata,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)", 167997,Pellonula vorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Pellonula,vorax,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 198580,Sardina pilchardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardina,pilchardus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","Morphological studies based on gill raker counts and head length supported the designation of two sub-species within Sardina pilchardus: S.p. pilchardus (Eastern Atlantic from the North Sea to southern Portugal) and S. p. sardina (Mediterranean Sea and Northwest African coast)(Parrish et al. 1989). Genetic analysis using nuclear micro satellites supports S. pilchardus as a single evolutionary unit with present day gene flow among subpopulations, with some weak but significant structuring best explained by an isolation-by-distance model (Gonzalez and Zardoya 2007). Sardina pilchardus is treated as a single evolutionary unit by fisheries managers, and the various stocks have been designated arbitrarily as magnitude of exchange between areas continues to be uncovered. This species does not appear to be as commercially important in the southeastern Mediterranean. Long-term changes in the environment are related to productivity of S. pilchardus and other sardine and anchovy species in the Mediterranean (ICES 2010)." 198582,Sardinella maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,maderensis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1838)", 198728,Symphurus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,nigrescens,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 198568,Engraulis encrasicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,encrasicolus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 198555,Epigonus constanciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,constanciae,,,,,"(Giglioli, 1880)", 198653,Epigonus telescopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,telescopus,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 194995,Evermannella balbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Evermannella,balbo,,,,,"(Risso, 1820)", 198576,Cheilopogon heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,heterurus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 190163,Exocoetus obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Exocoetus,obtusirostris,,,,,"Günther, 1866",

Exocoetus obtusirostris is endemic to the Atlantic Ocean and showed no significant differences from different parts of this ocean. It was thought to occur circumglobally before it was split into three other closely related species (Parin and Shakhovskoy 2000). 

198566,Exocoetus volitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Exocoetus,volitans,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",


190292,Hirundichthys speculiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Hirundichthys,speculiger,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 198577,Hyporhamphus picarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,picarti,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 198652,Epigonus denticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,denticulatus,,,,,"Dieuzeide, 1950", 194992,Bathypterois grallator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,grallator,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1886)", 198775,Coelorinchus caelorhincus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,caelorhincus,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","This may represent a species complex (Tomio pers. comm. 2012).
Coelorinchus caelorhincus was formerly considered as having a number of subspecies, but those are here recognized as full species. Eschmeyer and Bailey in Eschmeyer (1990:70) changed the spelling of the name from Coelorinchus coelorhincus (or Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus) to Caelorinchus caelorhincus, based on their interpretation. Iwamoto (2008: xi) agreed with the “ae” spelling of the species name (i.e., caelorhincus) but disagreed with the use of that dipthong in the generic name. He considered “Coelorinchus” to be the correct spelling, but accepted that there is room for doubt and agreed that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature should be petitioned to fix the spellings of the generic and specific names (Iwamoto 2016)." 198594,Coryphaenoides guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,guentheri,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 198596,Hymenocephalus italicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Hymenocephalus,italicus,,,,,"Giglioli, 1884", 198597,Nezumia aequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,aequalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)",Subpopulations south of Mauritania may represent another species; further taxonomic research is warranted (T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2012). 198598,Nezumia sclerorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,sclerorhynchus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1838)","This species is often confused with Nezumia aequlis." 198599,Trachyrincus scabrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Trachyrincus,scabrus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 198600,Gadella maraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Gadella,maraldi,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","Gadella maraldi is quite often misidentified as G. imberbis in tropical waters where G. maraldi probably does not occur (Iwamoto in press)." 198602,Mora moro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Mora,moro,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 198559,Physiculus dalwigki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,dalwigki,,,,,"Kaup, 1858", 198611,Benthosema glaciale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Benthosema,glaciale,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1837)", 198612,Ceratoscopelus maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Ceratoscopelus,maderensis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1839)", 198613,Diaphus metopoclampus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,metopoclampus,,,,,"(Cocco, 1829)", 198614,Diogenichthys atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diogenichthys,atlanticus,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 198615,Electrona risso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Electrona,risso,,,,,"(Cocco, 1829)", 190100,Hygophum benoiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,benoiti,,,,,"(Cocco, 1838)", 198617,Hygophum hygomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,hygomii,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 198618,Lampanyctus crocodilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,crocodilus,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 198619,Lampanyctus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,pusillus,,,,,"(Johnson, 1890)", 198620,Lobianchia dofleini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lobianchia,dofleini,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1911)", 190425,Lobianchia gemellarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lobianchia,gemellarii,,,,,"(Cocco, 1838)", 190453,Myctophum punctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,punctatum,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 190466,Symbolophorus veranyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,veranyi,,,,,"(Moreau, 1888)", 194998,Lestidiops sphyrenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,sphyrenoides,,,,,"(Risso, 1820)", 190101,Sudis hyalina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Sudis,hyalina,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 198742,Peristedion cataphractum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,cataphractum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The subpopulation in the Gulf of Guinea may prove to be a distinct species Perisedion macronema (Cadenat, 1951)." 190211,Scomberesox saurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,SCOMBERESOCIDAE,Scomberesox,saurus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","Two subspecies are recognized, Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum, 1792) from the Northern Hemisphere and S. saurus scombroides (Richardson, 1843) from the Southern Hemisphere (Hubbs and Wisner 1980, Collette 2004)." 198743,Pontinus kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,kuhlii,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)", 198560,Scorpaena elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,elongata,,,,,"Cadenat, 1943", 198744,Scorpaena loppei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,loppei,,,,,"Cadenat, 1943", 198745,Scorpaena maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,maderensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1833", 198746,Scorpaena notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,notata,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 198748,Scorpaena scrofa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,scrofa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 195093,Helicolenus dactylopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Helicolenus,dactylopterus,,,,,"(Delaroche, 1809)", 198547,Bathysolea profundicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Bathysolea,profundicola,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 198734,Microchirus azevia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Microchirus,azevia,,,,,"(Brito Capello, 1867)", 198735,Microchirus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Microchirus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 198736,Microchirus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Microchirus,variegatus,,,,,"(Donovan, 1808)", 198553,Pegusa lascaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pegusa,lascaris,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)",This species is often confused with P. impar. 198739,Solea solea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,solea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Some authors (Ben-Tuvia 1990, Tinti and Piccinetti 2000) consider that S. aegyptica is a synonym of S. solea. Other authors consider S. aegyptica a valid species (Desoutter 1997, Borsa and Quignard 2001)." 198740,Synapturichthys kleinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Synapturichthys,kleinii,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)", 198565,Sphyraena sphyraena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,sphyraena,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 198714,Sphyraena viridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,viridensis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","After several years of confusion and mistake, the underwater identification of S. viridensis is now correct. Consequently, Dufour et al. (2007) gives accurate repartition of S. sphyraena and S. viridensis (P. Francour pers. comm. 2007)." 198752,Chelidonichthys lucerna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,lucerna,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",


198753,Chelidonichthys obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,obscurus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 198755,Lepidotrigla dieuzeidei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,dieuzeidei,,,,,"Blanc & Hureau, 1973", 198756,Trigla lyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Trigla,lyra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 183274,Tylosurus crocodilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Tylosurus,crocodilus,,,,,"(Péron & Lesueur, 1821)","Two subspecies are recognized by Collette (2003), T. crocodilus crocodilus (Peron and Lesueur 1821) from the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific and T. crocodilus fodiator (Jordan and Gilbert 1882) in the eastern tropical Pacific." 189828,Trachyscorpia cristulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Trachyscorpia,cristulata,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)","This species has two subspecies, T. cristulata cristulata in the Western Atlantic, and T. cristulata echinata in the Eastern Atlantic. Specimens from Peru and Australia/New Zealand likely represent a different, distinct species or subspecies of a different species (Poss in press)." 190065,Cottunculus thomsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PSYCHROLUTIDAE,Cottunculus,thomsonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1882)", 190069,Gadella imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Gadella,imberbis,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 190093,Malacocephalus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Malacocephalus,laevis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1843)",Subpopulations of this species should be further investigated as they may represent separate species (Tomio pers. comm. 2012). 190099,Lestidium atlanticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidium,atlanticum,,,,,"Borodin, 1928", 190169,Asquamiceps caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Asquamiceps,caeruleus,,,,,"Markle, 1980", 190180,Gigantura indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,GIGANTURIDAE,Gigantura,indica,,,,,"Brauer, 1901", 190197,Diaphus mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,mollis,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 190232,Taaningichthys bathyphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Taaningichthys,bathyphilus,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 190237,Squalogadus modificatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Squalogadus,modificatus,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1916", 190243,Bathypterois longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,longipes,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 190261,Notolychnus valdiviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Notolychnus,valdiviae,,,,,"(Brauer, 1904)", 190276,Cheilopogon melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,melanurus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","Cheilopogon melanurus has been reported from the eastern Atlantic, from Senegal to Angola (Parin 1999). The eastern tropical Atlantic population was studied earlier by Gibbs and Staiger (1970). They discovered significant differences in pectoral-fin pigmentation and barbel structure between juvenile specimens of this population and similar-sized western Atlantic specimens and suspected, even not finding any distinctions between adults of both populations, the presence of yet undescribed species near the shores of West Africa. Parin and Belyanina (2000) reexamined three of these smaller eastern Atlantic specimens (USNM 203903, 203905 and 218912) and re-identified them as C. milleri (Gibbs and Staiger 1970). However, the western and eastern populations are so different in predorsal-scale number (25-33, mean 28.4, by 8 specimens, vs. 31-36, mean 33.7) that recognition of another species is highly probable (Parin in prep).

" 190286,Bathylagoides argyrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,BATHYLAGIDAE,Bathylagoides,argyrogaster,,,,,"(Norman, 1930)", 190311,Nannobrachium lineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Nannobrachium,lineatum,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 190314,Diaphus dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,dumerilii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 190316,Scopelarchus analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchus,analis,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 190317,Bolinichthys photothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Bolinichthys,photothorax,,,,,"(Parr, 1928)", 190321,Diaphus garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,garmani,,,,,"Gilbert, 1906", 190334,Bathytyphlops sewelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathytyphlops,sewelli,,,,,"(Norman, 1939)", 190362,Sphyraena guachancho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,guachancho,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 190369,Lampanyctus nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,nobilis,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 190385,Antimora rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Antimora,rostrata,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 190389,Scopelosaurus lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,lepidus,,,,,"(Krefft & Maul, 1955)", 190390,Bolinichthys indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Bolinichthys,indicus,,,,,"(Nafpaktitis & Nafpaktitis, 1969)", 190391,Cheilopogon furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,furcatus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","Parin and Belyanina (1998) separated the subspecies Cheilopogon furcatus furcatus from two new subspecies in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Another subspecies, C. furcatus neimani Parin & Belyanina occurs in the Indian Ocean and the third subspecies C. furcatus fisunovi Parin & Belyanina is widely distributed in the Pacific Ocean from western to eastern Pacific." 190404,Diaphus anderseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,anderseni,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 190488,Bolinichthys supralateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Bolinichthys,supralateralis,,,,,"(Parr, 1928)", 198616,Gonichthys cocco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gonichthys,cocco,,,,,"(Cocco, 1829)", 13462434,Aulopus cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Aulopus,cadenati,,,,,"Poll, 1953", 13462491,Bathysaurus ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,BATHYSAURIDAE,Bathysaurus,ferox,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 13462557,Chlorophthalmus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,atlanticus,,,,,"Poll, 1953", 13462566,Chlorophthalmus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,punctatus,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1904", 13462628,Parasudis fraserbrunneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Parasudis,fraserbrunneri,,,,,"(Poll, 1953)", 13462713,Evermannella melanoderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Evermannella,melanoderma,,,,,"Parr, 1928","This species has been sometimes been recorded as E. indica, but all records of this species from the Atlantic are now known to be E. melanoderma (Swinney 1994)." 13462731,Odontostomops normalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Odontostomops,normalops,,,,,"(Parr, 1928)", 13462737,Gigantura chuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,GIGANTURIDAE,Gigantura,chuni,,,,,"Brauer, 1901",This species has been previously recorded as Gigantura vorax but this is now regarded as a synonym of G. chuni. 13462745,Bathymicrops regis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathymicrops,regis,,,,,"Hjort & Koefoed, 1912", 13462748,Bathypterois atricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,atricolor,,,,,"Alcock, 1896", 13462751,Bathypterois dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,dubius,,,,,"Vaillant, 1888","Within the Mediterranean, this species has also been reported as Bathypterois mediterraneus, a junior synonym of B. dubius (Quéro and Ribes 1999)." 13462757,Bathypterois phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,phenax,,,,,"Parr, 1928", 13462760,Bathypterois quadrifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,quadrifilis,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 13462763,Bathypterois viridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,viridensis,,,,,"(Roule, 1916)", 13462771,Bathytyphlops marionae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathytyphlops,marionae,,,,,"Mead, 1958", 13462777,Ipnops agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Ipnops,agassizii,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 13485141,Ahliesaurus berryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Ahliesaurus,berryi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 13485161,Luciosudis normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Luciosudis,normani,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1931", 13485167,Scopelosaurus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,argenteus,,,,,"(Maul, 1954)", 13485284,Scopelosaurus meadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,meadi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 13485312,Omosudis lowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,OMOSUDIDAE,Omosudis,lowii,,,,,"Günther, 1887","The correct spelling for this species is Omosudis lowii (Günther, 1887), though other spellings are in use (Eschmeyer 2014). This species is also referred to as Omosudis loweii by FAO." 13485395,Dolichosudis fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Dolichosudis,fuliginosa,,,,,"Post, 1969", 13485398,Lestidiops affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,affinis,,,,,"(Ege, 1930)", 13485411,Lestidiops cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,cadenati,,,,,"(Maul, 1962)", 13485622,Lestrolepis intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestrolepis,intermedia,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 13485631,Macroparalepis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Macroparalepis,affinis,,,,,"Ege, 1933", 13485635,Magnisudis atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Magnisudis,atlantica,,,,,"(Krøyer, 1868)", 13485675,Benthalbella infans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Benthalbella,infans,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1911", 13485856,Scopelarchus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchus,guentheri,,,,,"Alcock, 1896", 13486028,Saurida brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,brasiliensis,,,,,"Norman, 1935","The name S. brasiliensis (type locality: Cape Frio, Brazil) has been generally used for this species.  However, genetic evidence indicates approximately 5-6% divergence in CO1 between eastern and western Atlantic populations, which suggests the populations on either side of the Atlantic are distinct species [Baldwin et al. in press]. Thus, the name S. parri Norman 1935 (type locality: Angola) should be applied to this species." 13486222,Batrachoides liberiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,liberiensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 13486345,Perulibatrachus elminensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Perulibatrachus,elminensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 13486360,Perulibatrachus rossignoli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Perulibatrachus,rossignoli,,,,,"(Roux, 1957)", 13486514,Ablennes hians,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Ablennes,hians,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 13487141,Strongylura senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,senegalensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 13487690,Cheilopogon milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,milleri,,,,,"(Gibbs & Staiger, 1970)", 13487700,Cheilopogon nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,nigricans,,,,,"(Bennett, 1840)", 13487733,Fodiator acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Fodiator,acutus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 13487740,Hirundichthys affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Hirundichthys,affinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 13487874,Prognichthys gibbifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Prognichthys,gibbifrons,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 15521789,Gymnammodytes capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMMODYTIDAE,Gymnammodytes,capensis,,,,,"(Barnard, 1927)","Gymnammodytes capensis and Gymnammodytes cicerelus do not significantly differ morphologically and therefore, their status is uncertain. They were described as separate species due to differences in geographic distribution of regional populations. A systematic revision is needed. (Nizinski in press)." 15521852,Euleptorhamphus velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Euleptorhamphus,velox,,,,,"Poey, 1868", 15521875,Hemiramphus balao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hemiramphus,balao,,,,,"Lesueur, 1821",Hemiramphus balao is frequently misidentified as Hemiramphus brasiliensis. 15521927,Hemiramphus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hemiramphus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15521934,Oxyporhamphus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Oxyporhamphus,similis,,,,,"Bruun, 1935","

Oxyporhamphus micropterus similis is replaced in the Indo-Pacific by the nominal species Oxyporhamphus micropterus micropterus.  It is considered to be Exocoetidae by some authors (Collette 2002). The recent acceptance of Oxyporhamphus similis as a species by Eschmeyer should be reviewed (B. Collette pers. comm. 2012).

" 15521985,Scomberesox simulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,SCOMBERESOCIDAE,Scomberesox,simulans,,,,,"(Hubbs & Wisner, 1980)","This species is sometimes placed in its own genus, Nanichthys (Collette 2004). It is also often confused as the juvenile form of Scomberesox saurus scombroides (Bianchi et al. 1999)." 82626288,Etrumeus sadina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,sadina,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)","This nominal species, Etrumeus teres (DeKay 1842), was described based on specimens collected off New York. Whitehead (1985) included all populations of round herrings that were identified as this species in a single species, which was thought to be  globally distributed. However, in a recent taxonomic revision (Randall and DiBattista 2012), this nominal species, Etrumeus teres (sensu Whitehead 1985) was split into four distinct species: E. makiawa Randall and DiBattista 2012, restricted to the Hawaiian Islands; E. micropus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846), from Japan, and perhaps south to Indonesia; E. acuminatus Gilbert 1890 from the eastern tropical Pacific; and E. sadina (Mitchill 1814) from the northwestern Atlantic (with Etrumeus teres (DeKay 1842) as a junior synonym)." 15522050,Bregmaceros nectabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,BREGMACEROTIDAE,Bregmaceros,nectabanus,,,,,"Whitley, 1941", 15522054,Enchelyopus cimbrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Enchelyopus,cimbrius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 15522061,Bathygadus favosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Bathygadus,favosus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1886", 15522064,Bathygadus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Bathygadus,macrops,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1885", 15522069,Bathygadus melanobranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Bathygadus,melanobranchus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1888", 15522073,Cetonurus globiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Cetonurus,globiceps,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1884)", 15522095,Coelorinchus labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,labiatus,,,,,"(Köhler, 1896)", 15522109,Coelorinchus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,polli,,,,,"Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973", 15522140,Coryphaenoides leptolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,leptolepis,,,,,"Günther, 1877", 15522143,Coryphaenoides marshalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,marshalli,,,,,"Iwamoto, 1970", 15522146,Coryphaenoides paramarshalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,paramarshalli,,,,,"Merrett, 1983", 15522149,Coryphaenoides rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,rupestris,,,,,"Gunnerus, 1765", 15522152,Coryphaenoides zaniophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,zaniophorus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 15522159,Gadomus longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Gadomus,longifilis,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 15522187,Nezumia africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,africana,,,,,"(Iwamoto, 1970)", 15522201,Nezumia duodecim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,duodecim,,,,,"Iwamoto, 1970", 15522204,Nezumia micronychodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,micronychodon,,,,,"Iwamoto, 1970", 15522207,Nezumia milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,milleri,,,,,"Iwamoto, 1973", 15522210,Sphagemacrurus hirundo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Sphagemacrurus,hirundo,,,,,"(Collett, 1896)", 15522213,Melanonus zugmayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MELANONIDAE,Melanonus,zugmayeri,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 15522216,Merluccius capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,capensis,,,,,"Castelnau, 1861", 15522226,Merluccius polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,polli,,,,,"Cadenat, 1950", 15522229,Merluccius senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,senegalensis,,,,,"Cadenat, 1950", 15522233,Laemonema laureysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Laemonema,laureysi,,,,,"Poll, 1953", 15522236,Laemonema yarrellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Laemonema,yarrellii,,,,,"(Lowe, 1838)", 15522264,Physiculus cyanostrophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,cyanostrophus,,,,,"Anderson & Tweddle, 2002", 15522267,Physiculus huloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,huloti,,,,,"Poll, 1953", 15522270,Physiculus microbarbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,microbarbata,,,,,"Paulin & Matallanas, 1990", 15598524,Benthosema suborbitale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Benthosema,suborbitale,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1913)", 15598540,Bolinichthys distofax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Bolinichthys,distofax,,,,,"Johnson, 1975", 15598550,Centrobranchus nigroocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Centrobranchus,nigroocellatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 15598596,Ceratoscopelus warmingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Ceratoscopelus,warmingii,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 15598621,Diaphus bertelseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,bertelseni,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1966", 15598630,Diaphus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,brachycephalus,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 15598639,Diaphus effulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,effulgens,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 15598666,Diaphus fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,fragilis,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 15598669,Diaphus hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,hudsoni,,,,,"Zurbrigg & Scott, 1976", 15598672,Diaphus lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,lucidus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 15598700,Diaphus meadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,meadi,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 15598704,Diaphus ostenfeldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,ostenfeldi,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 15598778,Diaphus perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,perspicillatus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1898)", 15598791,Diaphus splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,splendidus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1904)", 15598799,Diaphus subtilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,subtilis,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1968", 15598809,Diaphus taaningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,taaningi,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 15598812,Diaphus termophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,termophilus,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 15598815,Hygophum macrochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,macrochir,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 15598887,Hygophum reinhardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,reinhardtii,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 15598938,Hygophum taaningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,taaningi,,,,,"Becker, 1965", 15598948,Lampadena anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,anomala,,,,,"Parr, 1928", 15598951,Lampadena chavesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,chavesi,,,,,"Collett, 1905", 15598954,Lampadena dea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,dea,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1949", 15598957,Lampadena luminosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,luminosa,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 15598976,Lampanyctodes hectoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctodes,hectoris,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 15599060,Lampanyctus alatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,alatus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 15599064,Lampanyctus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,australis,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 15599067,Lampanyctus festivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,festivus,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 15599070,Lampanyctus intricarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,intricarius,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 15599074,Lampanyctus lepidolychnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,lepidolychnus,,,,,"Becker, 1967", 15599078,Lampanyctus tenuiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,tenuiformis,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 15599092,Lampichthys procerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampichthys,procerus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1904)", 15599123,Lepidophanes gaussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lepidophanes,gaussi,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 15599136,Lepidophanes guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lepidophanes,guentheri,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 15599150,Myctophum affine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,affine,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 15600450,Myctophum asperum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,asperum,,,,,"Richardson, 1845", 15600453,Myctophum nitidulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,nitidulum,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 15600713,Myctophum obtusirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,obtusirostre,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 15600720,Myctophum phengodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,phengodes,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 15600727,Myctophum selenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,selenops,,,,,"Tåning, 1928", 15600731,Nannobrachium atrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Nannobrachium,atrum,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 15600738,Nannobrachium cuprarium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Nannobrachium,cuprarium,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 15601157,Nannobrachium isaacsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Nannobrachium,isaacsi,,,,,"(Wisner, 1974)", 15601865,Notoscopelus caudispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Notoscopelus,caudispinosus,,,,,"(Johnson, 1863)", 15601872,Notoscopelus resplendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Notoscopelus,resplendens,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)", 15601881,Scopelopsis multipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Scopelopsis,multipunctatus,,,,,"Brauer, 1906", 15601887,Symbolophorus barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,barnardi,,,,,"(Tåning, 1932)", 15601894,Symbolophorus boops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,boops,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)", 15601902,Taaningichthys minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Taaningichthys,minimus,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 15601905,Taaningichthys paurolychnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Taaningichthys,paurolychnus,,,,,"Davy, 1972", 15601909,Neoscopelus macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,NEOSCOPELIDAE,Neoscopelus,macrolepidotus,,,,,"Johnson, 1863", 15601913,Scopelengys tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,NEOSCOPELIDAE,Scopelengys,tristis,,,,,"Alcock, 1890", 15601916,Glossanodon polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ARGENTINIDAE,Glossanodon,polli,,,,,"Cohen, 1958", 15601920,Bathylagichthys problematicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,BATHYLAGIDAE,Bathylagichthys,problematicus,,,,,"(Lloris & Rucabado, 1985)", 15601934,Leptochilichthys agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,LEPTOCHILICHTHYIDAE,Leptochilichthys,agassizii,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 15601937,Nansenia atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Nansenia,atlantica,,,,,"Blache & Rossignol, 1962","

The taxonomy of the genus Nansenia needs revision, as there may be one to two hidden synonymies among the currently recognized species (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014). Further, the importance of vertebral counts to the correct identification of Nansenia species can be overlooked, resulting in misidentification of specimens in museum collections. These misidentifications have been perpetuated through checklists, and thus the true distribution of these species is often uncertain (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014).  

" 15601940,Nansenia tenera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Nansenia,tenera,,,,,"Kawaguchi & Butler, 1984","

The taxonomy of the genus Nansenia needs revision, as there may be one to two hidden synonymies among the currently recognized species (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014). Further, the importance of vertebral counts to the correct identification of Nansenia species can be overlooked, resulting in misidentification of specimens in museum collections. These misidentifications have been perpetuated through checklists, and thus the true distribution of these species is often uncertain (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014).  

" 15601952,Paracaristius maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARISTIIDAE,Paracaristius,maderensis,,,,,"(Maul, 1949)","The Caristiidae family is in need of a thorough revision (Moore et al. 2003, Stevenson et al. 2016)." 15601959,Cepola pauciradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CEPOLIDAE,Cepola,pauciradiata,,,,,"Cadenat, 1950",This species is possibly a junior synonym of Cepola macrophthalma (Smith-Vaniz in press). 15601962,Epigonus pandionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,pandionis,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1881)", 15601976,Sphyraena afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,afra,,,,,"Peters, 1844", 15601979,Arnoglossus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,capensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 15601982,Bothus guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,guibei,,,,,"Stauch, 1966", 15601985,Chascanopsetta lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,lugubris,,,,,"Alcock, 1894", 15601988,Monolene mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,mertensi,,,,,"(Poll, 1959)", 15602417,Monolene microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,microstoma,,,,,"Cadenat, 1937", 15602420,Cynoglossus browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,browni,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1949", 15602435,Cynoglossus cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,cadenati,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1947", 15602438,Cynoglossus canariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,canariensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882", 15602447,Cynoglossus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,capensis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1858)","There has been confusion regarding the validity of Cynoglossus microphthalmus and this nominal species. Menon (1977) considered C. microphthalmus to be a junior subjective synonym of Cynoglossus capensis, though he noted several characters to distinguish these nominal species. Barnard (1925) also noted differences between characters of specimens that he identified as Trulla microphthalmus compared to those of C. capensis, however, he did not consider these differences to be significant enough to recognize two species. Further study based on additional material is needed to resolve this taxonomic question (T. Munroe unpublished data). Munroe (unpublished data) considers the morphological differences sufficient to recognize both as valid species." 15602466,Cynoglossus monodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,monodi,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1949", 15602947,Cynoglossus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,senegalensis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1858)", 198727,Symphurus ligulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,ligulatus,,,,,"(Cocco, 1844)", 198750,Chelidonichthys cuculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,cuculus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 15622230,Cynoglossus zanzibarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,zanzibarensis,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 15622233,Symphurus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,insularis,,,,,"Munroe, Brito & Hernández, 2000", 15622583,Symphurus normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,normani,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1950", 15622587,Symphurus vanmelleae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,vanmelleae,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1952", 15622597,Syacium guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,guineensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1862)", 15622604,Syacium micrurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,micrurum,,,,,"Ranzani, 1842","There are three co-occurring species of the genus Syacium in the western Atlantic. Identification of specimens to species is difficult because the species are morphologically similar and there is a significant amount of sexual dimorphism. Often times, these fishes are not identified to the species level and it is likely that in some studies catches consist of more than one species (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2015)." 15622608,Psettodes belcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PSETTODIDAE,Psettodes,belcheri,,,,,"Bennett, 1831", 15622611,Psettodes bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PSETTODIDAE,Psettodes,bennettii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870", 15622620,Austroglossus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Austroglossus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1858)", 15622627,Bathysolea lactea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Bathysolea,lactea,,,,,"Roule, 1916", 15622630,Bathysolea polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Bathysolea,polli,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1950)", 15622639,Heteromycteris capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Heteromycteris,capensis,,,,,"Kaup, 1858", 15622642,Heteromycteris proboscideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Heteromycteris,proboscideus,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1925)", 15622649,Microchirus boscanion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Microchirus,boscanion,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1926)", 15622656,Microchirus frechkopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Microchirus,frechkopi,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1952", 15622659,Microchirus theophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Microchirus,theophila,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","It is difficult to identify this species with certainty (Desoutter et al. 2001). Torchio (1973) recorded the species as questionably a synonym of Microchirus azevia (de Brito Capello, 1867), but Desoutter (1990) accepts Microchirus theophila (Risso 1810) as a valid species." 15622672,Microchirus wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Microchirus,wittei,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1950", 15622675,Pegusa cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pegusa,cadenati,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1954", 15622678,Solea senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,senegalensis,,,,,"Kaup, 1858", 15622684,Dagetichthys lusitanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dagetichthys,lusitanica,,,,,"(de Brito Capello, 1868)","

Vachon et al. (2008) state that Synaptura has never been a valid genus name, and re-assigned all Synaptura spp. to Dagetichthys.

Synaptura cadenati is a junior synonym of Dagetichthys lusitanica (Desoutter et al. 2001). However, in the Eastern Central Atlantic, many studies and many scientists still consider two nominal species to occur. More detailed information is available under S. cadenati than D. lusitanica.


" 15622693,Vanstraelenia chirophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Vanstraelenia,chirophthalma,,,,,"(Regan, 1915)", 15622706,Polymixia nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,nobilis,,,,,"Lowe, 1838", 15622711,Congiopodus spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,CONGIOPODIDAE,Congiopodus,spinifer,,,,,"(Smith, 1839)", 15622722,Careproctus albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,albescens,,,,,"Barnard, 1927", 15622732,Solitas gruveli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Solitas,gruveli,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1905)", 15622740,Ebinania costaecanariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PSYCHROLUTIDAE,Ebinania,costaecanariae,,,,,"(Cervigón, 1961)", 15622750,Psychrolutes inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PSYCHROLUTIDAE,Psychrolutes,inermis,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 15622764,Neomerinthe folgori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neomerinthe,folgori,,,,,"(Postel & Roux, 1964)", 15622773,Pontinus accraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,accraensis,,,,,"Norman, 1935", 15622777,Pontinus leda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,leda,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1969", 15622781,Scorpaena angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,angolensis,,,,,"Norman, 1935", 15622786,Scorpaena annobonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,annobonae,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1969", 15622789,Scorpaena laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,laevis,,,,,"Troschel, 1866", 15622793,Scorpaena normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,normani,,,,,"Cadenat, 1943", 15622796,Scorpaena stephanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,stephanica,,,,,"Cadenat, 1943", 15622799,Scorpaenodes africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,africanus,,,,,"Pfaff, 1933", 15622804,Scorpaenodes elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,elongatus,,,,,"Cadenat, 1950", 15622827,Trachyscorpia eschmeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Trachyscorpia,eschmeyeri,,,,,"Whitley, 1970", 15622831,Ectreposebastes imus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SETARCHIDAE,Ectreposebastes,imus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 15622835,Setarches guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SETARCHIDAE,Setarches,guentheri,,,,,"Johnson, 1862", 15623244,Chelidonichthys capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,capensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 15623251,Chelidonichthys gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,gabonensis,,,,,"(Poll & Roux, 1955)", 15623258,Chelidonichthys queketti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,queketti,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 15623265,Lepidotrigla cadmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,cadmani,,,,,"Regan, 1915", 15623268,Lepidotrigla carolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,carolae,,,,,"Richards, 1968", 15623273,Trigloporus lastoviza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Trigloporus,lastoviza,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 177584,Dendroaspis polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Dendroaspis,polylepis,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 178210,Cerastes vipera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Cerastes,vipera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170368,Agama boueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,boueti,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1917","The correct status of Agama castroviejoi, which is genetically close to A. boueti, is presently unclear. Geniez et al. (2011) synonymized this taxon within A. boueti, but this was rejected by Mediannikov et al. (2012) as this taxon is reliably diagnosable and ecologically distinct from A. boueti, more closely resembling A. impalearis in colour pattern and ecology. Trape et al. (2012) provide a key summarizing diagnostic differences in morphology between this form and A. boueti. P. Wagner (pers. comm. 2012) contends, however, that differentiation in colour pattern and ecology within this taxonomically complex genus is not sufficiently well-understood to justify delimiting species on this basis and points out that, on the basis of molecular evidence (Geniez et al. 2011), recognizing A. castroviejoi would render A. boueti as presently understood paraphyletic, and that mtDNA divergence between the two taxa is low. More recently, wider geographic sampling from within A. boueti's range has also found little or no genetic divergence between this species and A. castroviejoi (Goncalves et al. 2012). The appropriate status of this latter taxon remains under review (Wagner et al. in prep), and it may warrant subspecific status. A. boueti itself may be a species complex containing at least one undescribed taxon in the eastern portion of its range (I. Ineich pers. comm., J.-F. Trape pers. comm. 2012), and further research is needed to clarify the true identity of A. boueti before the appropriate status of A. castroviejoi can be determined. This account therefore follows Geniez et al. (2011) and Goncalves et al. (2012) in treating A. castroviejoi as a synonym of A. boueti pending further research.
" 15712802,Sibon merendonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,merendonensis,,,,,"Rovito, Papenfuss & Vásquez-Almazan, 2012", 203553,Ninia psephota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,psephota,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 203661,Bothriechis supraciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,supraciliaris,,,,,"(Taylor, 1954)", 176312,Chamaeleo senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,senegalensis,,,,,"Daudin, 1802","Chamaeleo laevigatus (Gray, 1863), from Central and East Africa, was previously considered to be a subspecies of C. senegalensis." 16013066,Cubophis brooksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cubophis,brooksi,,,,,"(Barbour, 1914)","McCranie (2011) proposed elevating Cubophis canthigerus brooksi to specific status following the recognition by Hedges et al. (2009) that Cayman Island populations also previously included within C. canthigerus are genetically distinct from this species. Although Hedges et al. (2009) did not consider the status of the Honduran population, McCranie (2011) notes that it is geographically closer to the Cayman Islands than to Cuban C. canthigerus, and so it is implausible that C. canthigerus and C. brooksi are conspecific." 13325,Microcebus myoxinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,myoxinus,,,,,"Peters, 1852",Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treats this as a synonym under M. murinus. There is a problem with the typification of this taxon. 196977,Heliobolus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Heliobolus,nitidus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 178327,Chalcides sphenopsiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,sphenopsiformis,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)", 16179556,Phrynobatrachus hieroglyphicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,hieroglyphicus,,,,,"Rödel, Ohler & Hillers, 2010", 178637,Mochlus guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,guineensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)","
" 186093,Panaspis togoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,togoensis,,,,,"Werner, 1902","Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses (Schmitz et al. 2005) clarify the evolutionary relationships of the skinks of the genus Panaspis and show that Panaspis togoensis is highly distinct from P. breviceps (of which it considered a subspecies in some accounts e.g. Loveridge 1952, Grandison 1965) ." 178691,Scincopus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincopus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 46203837,Sclerophrys superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,superciliaris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016).

Subpopulations from Democratic Republic of the Congo, that were previously thought to belong to this species, have now been assigned to Sclerophrys channingi (Barej et al. 2011)." 54811,Didynamipus sjostedti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Didynamipus,sjostedti,,,,,"Andersson, 1903","This is a monotypic species, believed to be closely related to the African endemic genus Nectophrynoides. This hypothesis is supported by the findings of Frost et al. (2006). Though the conclusions of relationship among those taxa closely related to D. sjostedti have come into question (compare Frost et al. 2006 to Van Bocxalaer et al. 2009), the identity and distinctiveness of this species is clear and uncontroversial." 58253,Conraua derooi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CONRAUIDAE,Conraua,derooi,,,,,"Hulselmans, 1972","The supopulation in Atewa, Ghana is most likely a separate species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016)." 16391113,Marisora alliacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,alliacea,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)","Taylor (1956) reviewed Middle American Mabuya found in Costa Rica and concluded that three species could be diagnosed: M. brachypoda, M. alliacea and M. unimarginata. Subsequent authors adopted this scheme inconsistently (Hedges and Conn 2012), and most recent publications have rejected this division and placed all Mabuya in Middle America in Mabuya unimarginata following Savage (2002), who contended that intergradation between these forms indicated the presence of only a single species in Costa Rica. Hedges and Conn (2012) reexamined representatives of these proposed species, and confirmed the original diagnosis of Taylor (1956). These authors noted that the position taken by Savage (2002) was not supported by evidence and was inconsistent with the observation presented by Taylor (1956) that M. unimarginata and M. brachypoda occur within 10 km of one another with no indication of hybridization, Hedges and Conn (2012) therefore revalidated M. brachypoda and M. alliacea, and assigned all former Mabuya in Central America to the new genus Marisora." 16391158,Marisora brachypoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,brachypoda,,,,,"(Taylor, 1956)","Taylor (1956) reviewed Middle American Mabuya found in Costa Rica and concluded that three species could be diagnosed: M. brachypoda, M. alliacea and M. unimarginata. Subsequent authors adopted this scheme inconsistently (Hedges and Conn 2012), and most recent publications have rejected this division and placed all Mabuya in Middle America in Mabuya unimarginata following Savage (2002), who contended that intergradation between these forms indicated the presence of only a single species in Costa Rica. Hedges and Conn (2012) reexamined representatives of these proposed species, and confirmed the original diagnosis of Taylor (1956). These authors noted that the position taken by Savage (2002) was not supported by evidence and was inconsistent with the observation presented by Taylor (1956) that M. unimarginata and M. brachypoda occur within 10 km of one another with no indication of hybridisation, Hedges and Conn (2012) therefore revalidated M. brachypoda and M. alliacea, and assigned all former Mabuya in Central America to the new genus Marisora. Marisora brachypoda is the most widespread of the three mainland species, and there are indications from both morphology and molecular analysis that further taxonomic work is required to clarify the identity of additional forms within this possible species complex (Hedges and Conn 2012)." 16391167,Marisora magnacornae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,magnacornae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 16391176,Marisora roatanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,roatanae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 16393531,Agama gracilimembris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,gracilimembris,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1918", 16393630,Hemidactylus albituberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,albituberculatus,,,,,"Trape, 2012","This recently-described gecko was previously confused with Hemidactylus angulatus (Trape et al. 2012)." 16393639,Hemidactylus albivertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,albivertebralis,,,,,"Trape & Böhme, 2012", 16393650,Hemidactylus kundaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,kundaensis,,,,,"Chirio & Trape, 2012", 16393667,Hemidactylus richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,richardsonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 16393751,Tarentola pastoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,pastoria,,,,,"Trape, Ineich & Baldé, 2012", 16393803,Tarentola hoggarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,hoggarensis,,,,,"Werner, 1937 ","Trape et al. (2012) consider this taxon, formerly a subspecies of Tarentola ephippiata, a full species on molecular grounds, although they provide no data in support of this conclusion." 16393823,Cophoscincopus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cophoscincopus,senegalensis,,,,,"Trape, 2011", 16393832,Leptosiaphos dungeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,dungeri,,,,,"Trape, 2012","This species replaces Leptosiaphos aloysiisabaudiae, which it closely resembles, in West Africa (Trape et al. 2012). A population of four-toed Leptosiaphos from the Adamaoua Plateau in Cameroon may be attributable to this species. Trape et al. (2012) provisionally consider this population conspecific with L. dungeri in their species account. Genetic research is required to clarify whether the Cameroonian population represents L. dungeri (Trape et al. 2012), which L. Chirio (pers. comm. 2012) opins is ""most probably"" endemic to the Jos Plateau." 16393882,Melanoseps occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,occidentalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1898)", 16393900,Melanoseps emmrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,emmrichi,,,,,"Broadley in Broadley, Whiting & Bauer, 2006",Broadley et al. (2006) indicate that this species was included within the concept of Melanoseps loveridgei applied by Spawls et al. (2002) (but not earlier authors). 16393965,Melanoseps loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,loveridgei,,,,,"Brygoo & Roux-Estève, 1982","Branch et al. (2005) report two specimens of a Melanoseps from Mozambique which they tentatively refer to M. loveridgei, and Broadley et al. (2006) include these records within their diagnosis of M. loveridgei. These latter authors find, however, that the current definition of M. loveridgei appears to be polyphyletic, and suggest that the taxon is likely to represent a species complex. Broadley et al. (2006) indicate that the specimens they describe as the new species Melanoseps emmrichi were included within M. loveridgei by Spawls et al. (2002). The phylogeny in Broadley et al. (2006) shows that populations currently assigned to M. loveridgei are not monophyletic, and research is needed to diagnose cryptic taxa within this species complex." 16394008,Melanoseps rondoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,rondoensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1942", 16394034,Melanoseps pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,pygmaeus,,,,,"Broadley in Broadley, Whiting & Bauer, 2006","Broadley et al.(2006) assign one of two historical records of Melanoseps longicauda, from a site along the Pangani River, to the newly-recognized M. pygmaeus." 16394308,Leptosiaphos amieti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,amieti,,,,,"(Perret, 1973)", 16394428,Leptosiaphos dewittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,dewittei,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1934)", 16394449,Leptosiaphos fuhni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,fuhni,,,,,"(Perret, 1973)", 16394472,Leptosiaphos graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,graueri,,,,,"(Sternfield, 1912)", 16394528,Leptosiaphos hackarsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,hackarsi,,,,,"(De Witte, 1941)", 16394555,Leptosiaphos hylophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,hylophilus,,,,,"Laurent, 1982", 16394597,Leptosiaphos ianthinoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,ianthinoxantha,,,,,"(Böhme, 1975)", 16394640,Leptosiaphos kilimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,kilimensis,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1891)","Bauer et al. (2003) attributed the holotype and only known specimen of Lygosoma thomasi to this species based on the original description by Tornier (1903). This account therefore treats Lygosoma thomasi as a junior synonym of Leptosiaphos kilimensis, with the proviso that the type of L. thomasi has not been located and so this assignment cannot presently be confirmed with reference to the original material." 16394654,Leptosiaphos koutoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,koutoui,,,,,"Ineich, Schmitz, Chirio & Lebreton, 2004", 16394662,Leptosiaphos luberoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,luberoensis,,,,,"(De Witte, 1933)", 16394686,Leptosiaphos vigintiserierum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,vigintiserierum,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1897)", 16501591,Ogilbia tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,tyleri,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 16466100,Opisthonema oglinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Opisthonema,oglinum,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1818)", 16466647,Laemonema barbatulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Laemonema,barbatulum,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1883", 16447988,Sargocentron poco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,poco,,,,,"(Woods, 1965)", 16427369,Bullisichthys caribbaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Bullisichthys,caribbaeus,,,,,"Rivas, 1971", 16505650,Ophidion josephi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,josephi,,,,,"Girard, 1858",Ophidion josephi is a senior synonym of O. welshi. The O. marginatum/josephi complex is in need of review (Lea and Robins 2003). 16431737,Caranx ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,ruber,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)","The genus of this species was recently changed from Carangoides to Caranx (B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2012, Page et al. 2012)." 16405644,Anchoa cayorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,cayorum,,,,,"(Fowler, 1906)", 16501736,Ogilbichthys puertoricoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbichthys,puertoricoensis,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 16425187,Bembrops anatirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Bembrops,anatirostris,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1955", 16431725,Caranx bartholomaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,bartholomaei,,,,,"Cuvier, 1833", 16427386,Calamopteryx robinsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Calamopteryx,robinsorum,,,,,"Cohen, 1973", 16435778,Diplogrammus pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Diplogrammus,pauciradiatus,,,,,"(Gill, 1865)", 16442013,Thalassophryne megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Thalassophryne,megalops,,,,,"Bean & Weed, 1910", 16439367,Cubiceps pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Cubiceps,pauciradiatus,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 16501751,Ogilbichthys tobagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbichthys,tobagoensis,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 16442003,Thalassophryne maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Thalassophryne,maculosa,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 16431990,Caulolatilus chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,chrysops,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 16410022,Aspredinichthys filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Aspredinichthys,filamentosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

16441698,Synodus foetens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,foetens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Synodus bondi was recently resurrected from synonymy under S. foetens and both were redescribed by Frable et al. (2013). 16443048,Neoniphon marianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Neoniphon,marianus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Dornburg et al. (2012) proposed changing the genus of this species to Flammeo, however, this has not yet been generally accepted." 16466377,Merluccius albidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,albidus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)", 16501568,Ogilbia sabaji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,sabaji,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 16435530,Chaetodipterus faber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPHIPPIDAE,Chaetodipterus,faber,,,,,"(Broussonet, 1782)", 16501791,Pseudogilbia sanblasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Pseudogilbia,sanblasensis,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 16441738,Opsanus tau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Opsanus,tau,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 16441120,Hypoatherina harringtonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Hypoatherina,harringtonensis,,,,,"(Goode, 1877)","The genus of this species was previously Hypoatherina, but is now Atherina." 16433850,Centropristis ocyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Centropristis,ocyurus,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1887)", 16501552,Ogilbia mccoskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,mccoskeri,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 16466393,Merluccius bilinearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,bilinearis,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)", 16505842,Ophidion selenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,selenops,,,,,"Robins & Böhlke, 1959", 16425468,Bothus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1831)",This species can be commonly misidentified as B. maculiferus (Weigt et al. 2012). 16417341,Atherinella milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,milleri,,,,,"(Bussing, 1979)", 16449531,Gephyroberyx darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Gephyroberyx,darwinii,,,,,"(Johnson, 1866)", 16421352,Aulostomus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,AULOSTOMIDAE,Aulostomus,maculatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1841","Many specimens historically identified as A. maculatus that have been found off the coast of Brazil around St. Paul's Rocks may have been misidentifications of A. strigosus, which has been recorded there based on molecular evidence (Bowen et al. 2001)." 16442472,Holocentrus adscensionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Holocentrus,adscensionis,,,,,"(Osbeck, 1765)", 16505933,Otophidium dormitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Otophidium,dormitator,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1959", 16443285,Plectrypops retrospinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Plectrypops,retrospinis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1853)", 16439218,Citharichthys minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,minutus,,,,,"Cervigón, 1982", 16406554,Anchoa spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,spinifer,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1848)", 16413353,Atherinella chagresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,chagresi,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1914)", 16410245,Atherinella blackburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,blackburni,,,,,"(Schultz, 1949)", 16442487,Holocentrus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Holocentrus,rufus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 16407017,Choranthias tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Choranthias,tenuis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1920)", 16502064,Lepophidium pheromystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,pheromystax,,,,,"Robins, 1960", 16506657,Callionymus bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,bairdi,,,,,"Jordan, 1888", 16447568,Sargocentron coruscum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,coruscum,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Dornburg et al. (2012) proposed changing the genus of this species to Neoniphon, however, this has not yet been generally accepted." 16407630,Ariomma bondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ARIOMMATIDAE,Ariomma,bondi,,,,,"Fowler, 1930", 16424139,Bellator egretta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,egretta,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 16432073,Caulolatilus guppyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,guppyi,,,,,"Beebe & Tee-Van, 1937", 16505619,Ophidion holbrookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,holbrookii,,,,,"Putnam, 1874", 16410217,Atherinella beani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,beani,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)", 16406525,Anchoa lamprotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,lamprotaenia,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1943", 16406486,Anchoa januaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,januaria,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 16439290,Citharichthys uhleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,uhleri,,,,,"Jordan, 1889","This species was described based on a single specimen collected off Haiti (Jordan in Jordan and Goss 1889). Other studies dealing with the taxonomy of Atlantic species of Citharichthys (Jordan and Goss 1889, Jordan and Evermann 1900, Norman 1934, Gutherz 1967) did not report any additional specimens. It has since been reported in several books and checklists from Central America (e.g. Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999, Munroe 2003, Angulo et al. 2013), but the basis of these records and the number of additional specimens is uncertain. The taxonomic status of this nominal species requires further investigation (Munroe 2003); for example, Robertson and Van Tassell (2019) suggested that this nominal species may be conspecific with Citharichthys arenaceus." 16505916,Otophidium chickcharney,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Otophidium,chickcharney,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1959", 16466326,Lycengraulis limnichthys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Lycengraulis,limnichthys,,,,,"Schultz, 1949","In the last revision of this group, this species was considered to be a synonym of L. grossidens (Whitehead et al. 1988). Subsequently, published checklists have included this species as a valid name without comment. This species is assessed pending clarification of its species level status." 16449034,Sargocentron vexillarium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,vexillarium,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Dornburg et al. (2012) proposed changing the genus of this species to Neoniphon, however, this has not yet been generally accepted." 190441,Fowlerichthys ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Fowlerichthys,ocellatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 16439236,Citharichthys spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,spilopterus,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 16502093,Lepophidium profundorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,profundorum,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)",Lepophidium profundorum reported from the Southern Caribbean are referable to as L. cultratum (R. Robins pers. comm. 2013). 16467411,Grammonus claudei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,claudei,,,,,"(Torre y Huerta, 1930)", 16438701,Citharichthys macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,macrops,,,,,"Dresel, 1885", 16505616,Ophidion guianense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,guianense,,,,,"Lea & Robins, 2003", 16425533,Bothus robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,robinsi,,,,,"Topp & Hoff, 1972", 16405685,Anchoa cubana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,cubana,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 16441799,Porichthys pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,pauciradiatus,,,,,"Caldwell & Caldwell, 1963", 16501727,Ogilbichthys microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbichthys,microphthalmus,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 16404825,Alepidomus evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Alepidomus,evermanni,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1903)", 16503587,Lepophidium staurophor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,staurophor,,,,,"Robins, 1959", 16439757,Cyttopsis rosea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,PARAZENIDAE,Cyttopsis,rosea,,,,,"(Lowe, 1843)", 16407217,Argentina striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ARGENTINIDAE,Argentina,striata,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 16441862,Porichthys plectrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,plectrodon,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 16505782,Ophidion lagochila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,lagochila,,,,,"(Böhlke & Robins, 1959)", 16441865,Sanopus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Sanopus,barbatus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)", 16467178,Fowlerichthys radiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Fowlerichthys,radiosus,,,,,"(Garman, 1896)", 16406269,Anchoa filifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,filifera,,,,,"(Fowler, 1915)", 16501868,Lepophidium brevibarbe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,brevibarbe,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 16443217,Ostichthys trachypoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,trachypoma,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 16425603,Bregmaceros houdei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,BREGMACEROTIDAE,Bregmaceros,houdei,,,,,"Saksena & Richards, 1986",There are multiple undescribed species in this group which may have been confused with this species. 16441575,Menidia menidia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,menidia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 16506725,Foetorepus agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Foetorepus,agassizii,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1888)","Page et al. (in press) accept the present taxonomic standing of Foetorepus agassizii." 16501708,Ogilbichthys longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbichthys,longimanus,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 16404574,Achirus achirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Achirus,achirus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 16425314,Bembrops gobioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Bembrops,gobioides,,,,,"(Goode, 1880)", 16407002,Anthias nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Anthias,nicholsi,,,,,"Firth, 1933", 190191,Caulolatilus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,microps,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1878", 16449708,Harengula humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Harengula,humeralis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 16505522,Ophidion dromio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,dromio,,,,,"Lea & Robins, 2003", 16404805,Achirus declivis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Achirus,declivis,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1940", 16447855,Sargocentron hastatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,hastatum,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 16505959,Otophidium omostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Otophidium,omostigma,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 16440027,Elagatis bipinnulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Elagatis,bipinnulata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 16441631,Saurida caribbaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,caribbaea,,,,,"Breder, 1927","In Brazilian waters, this species has been previously misidentified as Saurida suspicio (Carvalho-Filho et al. 2010)." 16425572,Bregmaceros cantori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,BREGMACEROTIDAE,Bregmaceros,cantori,,,,,"Milliken & Houde, 1984",There are multiple undescribed species in this group which may have been confused with this species. 16425354,Beryx splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Beryx,splendens,,,,,"Lowe, 1834", 16442081,Hemiramphus bermudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hemiramphus,bermudensis,,,,,"Collette, 1962", 16440016,Engraulis eurystole,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,eurystole,,,,,"(Swain & Meek, 1884)", 16440965,Erythrocles monodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Erythrocles,monodi,,,,,"Poll & Cadenat, 1954", 16406968,Antennarius pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennarius,pauciradiatus,,,,,"Schultz, 1957", 16506757,Synchiropus dagmarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,dagmarae,,,,,"Fricke, 1985",Foetorepus agassizii and F. dagmarae were previously recognized as subspecies but have relatively recently been determined to be full species (Nakabo and Hartel 1999). 16506766,Oligoplites palometa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Oligoplites,palometa,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)", 16438001,Citharichthys arenaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,arenaceus,,,,,"Evermann & Marsh, 1900", 16406327,Anchoa hepsetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,hepsetus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 16435325,Centropristis striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Centropristis,striata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","In the Gulf of Mexico, this species is known as the subspecies C. striata melana. In the Atlantic, it is known as C. striata striata (Roy et al. 2012)." 16406679,Anchovia clupeoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchovia,clupeoides,,,,,"(Swainson, 1839)", 16449654,Harengula clupeola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Harengula,clupeola,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 16433946,Centropristis philadelphica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Centropristis,philadelphica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 16439926,Diplectrum formosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,formosum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 16406934,Anchoviella perfasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,perfasciata,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 16437988,Citharichthys arctifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,arctifrons,,,,,"Goode, 1880", 16425141,Bellator militaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bellator,militaris,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 16506077,Synagrops spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACROPOMATIDAE,Synagrops,spinosus,,,,,"Schultz, 1940",The West Pacific population may represent another species. 16427324,Brotula barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotula,barbata,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Brotula barbata may be a species complex (Nielsen et al. 1999, de Paiva et al. 2010, R. Robins pers. comm. 2013)." 16441948,Sanopus johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Sanopus,johnsoni,,,,,"Collette & Starck, 1974", 16506080,Taractes rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Taractes,rubescens,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1887)", 16505486,Ophidion antipholus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,antipholus,,,,,"Lea & Robins, 2003", 16431946,Carapus bermudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Carapus,bermudensis,,,,,"(Jones, 1874)", 16411567,Atherinella brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 16425422,Bothus maculiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,maculiferus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 16441303,Membras analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Membras,analis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1948)", 16438022,Citharichthys cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,cornutus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 16432098,Caulolatilus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,intermedius,,,,,"Howell Rivero, 1936", 16466198,Rhinosardinia amazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Rhinosardinia,amazonica,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 16430203,Cantherhines macrocerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,macrocerus,,,,,"(Hollard, 1853)", 16441433,Membras argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Membras,argentea,,,,,"(Schultz, 1948)", 16441677,Saurida suspicio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,suspicio,,,,,"Breder, 1927","This species may represent a complex of more than one species and further work is required to resolve it taxonomic status of S. suspicio and its distribution in the region (A. Polanco 2006)." 16465921,Jenkinsia stolifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Jenkinsia,stolifera,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1884)", 16407184,Apionichthys dumerili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Apionichthys,dumerili,,,,,"Kaup, 1858", 16506839,Selene brownii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selene,brownii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 16506931,Selene setapinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selene,setapinnis,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)", 16507307,Selene vomer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selene,vomer,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 16507347,Seriola rivoliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,rivoliana,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1833", 16507442,Seriola zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,zonata,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)", 16507646,Trachinotus carolinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,carolinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 190275,Trinectes microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,microphthalmus,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1928)", 190241,Melanorhinus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Melanorhinus,microps,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 190438,Opsanus dichrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Opsanus,dichrostomus,,,,,"Collette, 2001","Specimens of Opsanus dichrostomus may easily be misidentified as O. phobetron." 190320,Opsanus phobetron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Opsanus,phobetron,,,,,"Walters & Robins, 1961", 190323,Thalassophryne nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Thalassophryne,nattereri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1876", 190185,Brevoortia smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Brevoortia,smithi,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1941", 190134,Brevoortia tyrannus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Brevoortia,tyrannus,,,,,"(Latrobe, 1802)", 190269,Anchoa colonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,colonensis,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1943", 190092,Anchoviella elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,elongata,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)", 190383,Cetengraulis edentulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Cetengraulis,edentulus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190460,Lycengraulis batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Lycengraulis,batesii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",Lycengraulis batesii may be misidentified as L. grossidens in the lower portions of river basins and near-shore coastal habitats (F. Di Dario pers. comm. 2017). 190366,Antennatus bermudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennatus,bermudensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1957)", 190459,Antennarius multiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennarius,multiocellatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 190186,Lophiodes reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,reticulatus,,,,,"Caruso & Suttkus, 1979", 190242,Alionematichthys minyomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,minyomma,,,,,(Sedor & Cohen 1987),"Species of the Ogilbichthys genus are easily confused with A. minyomma due to very similar morphologies and sympatric occurrences, therefore, extra care should be taken to determine an accurate identification (Moller et al. 2004)." 190182,Calamopteryx goslinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Calamopteryx,goslinei,,,,,"Böhlke & Cohen, 1966", 190395,Ogilbia boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,boehlkei,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 190204,Ogilbia jeffwilliamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,jeffwilliamsi,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 190355,Ogilbia suarezae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbia,suarezae,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005", 190194,Ogilbichthys ferocis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbichthys,ferocis,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 190374,Ogilbichthys haitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbichthys,haitiensis,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 190192,Ogilbichthys kakuki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ogilbichthys,kakuki,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 190469,Echiodon dawsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,dawsoni,,,,,"Williams & Shipp, 1982", 190263,Lepophidium aporrhox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,aporrhox,,,,,"Robins, 1961", 190244,Lepophidium jeannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,jeannae,,,,,"Fowler, 1941", 190387,Neobythites gilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,gilli,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1885", 190307,Neobythites marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,marginatus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1886", 190249,Ophidion grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,grayi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1948)", 190213,Ophidion marginatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,marginatum,,,,,"DeKay, 1842",The O. marginatum/josephi complex is in need of review (Lea and Robins 2003). 190401,Ophidion nocomis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,nocomis,,,,,"Robins & Böhlke, 1959", 190155,Parophidion schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Parophidion,schmidti,,,,,"(Woods & Kanazawa, 1951)", 190161,Synagrops trispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACROPOMATIDAE,Synagrops,trispinosus,,,,,"Mochizuki & Sano, 1984", 190270,Brama caribbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Brama,caribbea,,,,,"Mead, 1972", 190066,Foetorepus goodenbeani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Foetorepus,goodenbeani,,,,,"Nakabo & Hartel, 1999", 190164,Decapterus tabl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,tabl,,,,,"Berry, 1968", 190340,Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Hemicaranx,amblyrhynchus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 190451,Oligoplites saliens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Oligoplites,saliens,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 190412,Trachinotus cayennensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,cayennensis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1832", 190407,Trachinotus falcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,falcatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190287,Lepidocybium flavobrunneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Lepidocybium,flavobrunneum,,,,,"(Smith, 1843)", 190079,Opistognathus aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,aurifrons,,,,,"(Jordan & Thompson, 1905)","

Böhlke and Thomas (1961) discussed geographic variation in Opistognathus aurifrons, especially with regard to color pattern. Although they noted that specimens from the Bahamas and Florida can be consistently distinguished from each other by the presence or absence of black markings on the head, their observation that these markings are inconsistent in Virgin Island specimens led them to synonymize Gnathypops bermudezi. Subsequently, Ho et al. (2012) examined population genetics and color pattern of four Caribbean populations of O. aurifrons; although each population exhibited high levels of genetic differentiation, phenotype variation and genetics were not congruent.

Specimens from Brazil, including Trinidade Island and Fernando de Noronha, possibly represent a geminate species of O. aurifrons. They cannot be distinguished genetically and have virtually identical color patterns, but differ in vertebral counts. The taxonomic status of the Brazilian population is presently unresolved.

" 190428,Opistognathus gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,gilberti,,,,,"Böhlke, 1967", 190253,Opistognathus macrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,macrognathus,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 190076,Opistognathus signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,signatus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1997", 190251,Hemanthias leptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Hemanthias,leptus,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1952)", 190105,Plectranthias garrupellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,garrupellus,,,,,"Robins & Starck, 1961", 190174,Bathyanthias cubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Bathyanthias,cubensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1958)","There is some uncertainty surrounding the taxonomic status of this species. There are two recognized species: Bathyanthias mexicanus and B. cubensis. A third, not yet described species occurs in the southern part of the Caribbean, and it is unknown if this confuses the distribution of B. cubensis. However, specimens examined from Colombia by A. Polanco pers. comm. (2018) are recognized as B. cubensis. The genus Bathyanthias requires further taxonomic study and it is not known how the ranges of B. mexicanus and B. cubensis overlap in the Gulf of Mexico (R. Robertson pers. comm. 2018)." 190178,Centropristis fuscula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Centropristis,fuscula,,,,,"Poey, 1861","Some workers consider the genus of this species to be valid as Serranus, not Centropristis." 190325,Diplectrum bivittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,bivittatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 190226,Diplectrum radiale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diplectrum,radiale,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 190173,Hypoplectrus aberrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,aberrans,,,,,"Poey, 1868","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 190121,Hypoplectrus chlorurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,chlorurus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 190290,Hypoplectrus gemma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,gemma,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1882","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 190365,Paralabrax dewegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Paralabrax,dewegeri,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)", 190218,Serranus atrobranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,atrobranchus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190297,Serranus baldwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,baldwini,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1899)", 190339,Serranus subligarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,subligarius,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 190151,Kathetostoma albigutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Kathetostoma,albigutta,,,,,"Bean, 1892", 190102,Bothus lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,lunatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190208,Symphurus piger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,piger,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1886)", 190462,Symphurus plagiusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,plagiusa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 190227,Symphurus tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,tessellatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 190289,Symphurus urospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,urospilus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1951", 190345,Ancylopsetta dilecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Ancylopsetta,dilecta,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1883)", 190129,Ancylopsetta ommata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Ancylopsetta,ommata,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)","This species should be regarded as valid as Ancyclopsetta quadrocellata, not as A. ommata (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2015)." 190448,Citharichthys valdezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,valdezi,,,,,"Cervigón, 1986", 190358,Paralichthys albigutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,albigutta,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 190081,Paralichthys squamilentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,squamilentus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 190219,Syacium gunteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,gunteri,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933","There are three co-occurring species of the genus Syacium in the western Atlantic. Identification of specimens to species is difficult because the species are morphologically similar and there is a significant amount of sexual dimorphism. Often times, these fishes are not identified to the species level and it is likely that in some studies catches consist of more than one species (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2015)." 190417,Scophthalmus aquosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Scophthalmus,aquosus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)", 190254,Phenacoscorpius nebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Phenacoscorpius,nebris,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1965", 190086,Pontinus longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,longispinis,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 190233,Scorpaena agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,agassizii,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 190336,Scorpaena calcarata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,calcarata,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1882", 190398,Scorpaena isthmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,isthmensis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 190283,Prionotus rubio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,rubio,,,,,"Jordan, 1886", 190333,Aluterus heudelotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Aluterus,heudelotii,,,,,"Hollard, 1855", 16509008,Peristedion miniatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,miniatum,,,,,"Goode, 1880", 16509126,Gempylus serpens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Gempylus,serpens,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 16509242,Nealotus tripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Nealotus,tripes,,,,,"Johnson, 1865", 16509297,Promethichthys prometheus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Promethichthys,prometheus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)", 161339,Raja radula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,radula,,,,,"Delaroche, 1809", 16545250,Psenes arafurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Psenes,arafurensis,,,,,"Günther, 1889", 16545346,Lonchopisthus lemur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Lonchopisthus,lemur,,,,,"(Myers, 1935)",Lonchopisthus meadi (Menezes and Figueiredo 1971) is a junior synonym of L. lemur (B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2012). 16545360,Lonchopisthus micrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Lonchopisthus,micrognathus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Lonchopisthus linderi Ginsburg, 1942 is a junior synonym of L. micrognathus." 16545326,Lonchopisthus higmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Lonchopisthus,higmani,,,,,"Mead, 1959", 16546127,Opistognathus robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,robinsi,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1997", 16546144,Opistognathus whitehursti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,whitehursti,,,,,"(Longley, 1927)", 16545164,Upeneus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,parvus,,,,,"Poey, 1852", 16546023,Opistognathus lonchurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,lonchurus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 16546072,Opistognathus nothus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,nothus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1997", 16545046,Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Lopholatilus,chamaeleonticeps,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1879", 16545086,Pseudupeneus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Pseudupeneus,maculatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 16545072,Mullus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mullus,auratus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 16575406,Arthroleptis bioko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,bioko,,,,,"Blackburn, 2010","This species is in the Arthroleptis poecilonotus species complex (Blackburn 2010)." 16577598,Arthroleptis palava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,palava,,,,,"Blackburn, Gvoždík & Leaché, 2010", 16577745,Phrynobatrachus danko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,danko,,,,,"Blackburn, 2010", 16577766,Phrynobatrachus schioetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,schioetzi,,,,,"Blackburn & Rödel, 2011","Phrynobatrachus schioetzi was found to be conspecific with a juvenile specimen from the Obudu Plateau previously thought to be P. werneri (Blackburn and Rödel 2011)." 60411,Aphanius sirhani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,sirhani,,,,,"Villwock, Scholl & Krupp, 1983", 19897,Sanopus greenfieldorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Sanopus,greenfieldorum,,,,,"Collette, 1983", 19899,Sanopus splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Sanopus,splendidus,,,,,"Collette, Starck & Phillips, 1974", 190070,Pseudocaranx dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Pseudocaranx,dentex,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",Common names and scientific names for non-Atlantic and non-South African localities are probably missapplied (B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2013). 195098,Trachurus lathami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,lathami,,,,,"Nichols, 1920", 190432,Ruvettus pretiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Ruvettus,pretiosus,,,,,"Cocco, 1833", 198561,Kyphosus sectatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Kyphosus,sectatrix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families. Their study recognized 11 species of Kyphosus in Kyphosidae, and the monotypic Neoscorpis. Thus, there are 12 species total in the family Kyphosidae. 

Kyphosus lutescens and K. pacificus are now treated as synonyms of K. sectatrix (Knudsen and Clements 2013). Both K. incisor and K. analogus are now considered synonyms of K. vaigiensis (Knudsen and Clements 2013). Kyphosus sandwicensis is a junior synonym of K. elegans (Knudsen and Clements 2013). 

Before Knudsen and Clements (2013) it was thought that only two Kyphosids occurred in the Atlantic, but there may in fact be four species, K. sectatrix, K. vaigiensis, K. bigibbus, and K. cinerascens. However, Sakai and Nakbo (2014) have presented an alternative view on the kyphosids occurring in the Atlantic." 198670,Lobotes surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LOBOTIDAE,Lobotes,surinamensis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 16647638,Garra tibanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,tibanica,,,,,"Trewavas, 1941","Stiassny and Getahun (2007) synonymised Garra tibanica Trewavas 1941with Garra quadrimaculata. However, F. Krupp and F. Wicker (pers. comm.) have both stated that there is good morphological and molecular evidence to show that these are not conspecific and will publish on this. In expectation of that publication, G. tibanica is treated as a valid species here, including the constituent subspecies described by Balletto and Spano (1977): subspecies dhamarica, elbahrica, kasaba, multaka, nakalani, and scorteccii." 16657932,Colletes pannonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Colletes,pannonicus,,,,,"Hölzler & Mazzucco, 2011", 22935,Vertigo angustior,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,angustior,,,,,"Jeffreys, 1830", 10075,Hippocampus kuda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,kuda,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852","The 1996 and 2000 IUCN Red Lists included Hippocampus horai, H. novaehebudorum, H. raji, and H. taeniops. These are now all considered to be synonyms of H. kuda. According to Vincent (1996) and Lourie et al. (1999), there may be as many as ten distinct species that are included under the name Hippocampus kuda. Further research into the literature on this species is needed to determine whether H. kuda is the correct name for populations occurring within the Persian Gulf (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2014)." 175361,Arthroleptis langeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,langeri,,,,,"Rödel, Doumbia, Johnson & Hillers, 2009", 16719296,Gnathodentex aureolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gnathodentex,aureolineatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 16719685,Gymnocranius microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gymnocranius,microdon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 16719726,Gymnocranius oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gymnocranius,oblongus,,,,,"Borsa, Béarez & Chen, 2010", 16719605,Gymnocranius grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gymnocranius,grandoculis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 16719651,Gymnocranius griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gymnocranius,griseus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)", 16719371,Gymnocranius elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gymnocranius,elongatus,,,,,"Senta, 1973",Individuals from the western Indian Ocean appear to be genetically distinct from individuals from the rest of its distribution (BOLD; Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007); additional material is needed to determine whether these specimens represent two geographically isolated populations and to determine the limits of their respective distributions. 16719387,Gymnocranius euanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gymnocranius,euanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)", 16719359,Gymnocranius audleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Gymnocranius,audleyi,,,,,"Ogilby, 1916", 16719989,Lethrinus crocineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,crocineus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 16720057,Lethrinus mahsena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,mahsena,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 16720537,Lethrinus semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,semicinctus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 16719994,Lethrinus erythracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,erythracanthus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 16720036,Lethrinus lentjan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,lentjan,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 16720577,Lethrinus xanthochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,xanthochilus,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1870", 16720118,Lethrinus miniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,miniatus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 16720528,Lethrinus rubrioperculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,rubrioperculatus,,,,,"Sato, 1978", 16720181,Lethrinus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,nebulosus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Lethrinus nebulosus may represent a complex of species, and further taxonomic work is required (K. Carpenter pers. comm. 2015). A cryptic species under L. nebulosus was detected in a study off southeastern Africa, but further study is required to resolve the taxonomy and distribution (Healey et al. 2018)." 16719843,Lethrinus atkinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,atkinsoni,,,,,"Seale, 1910", 16719839,Lethrinus amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,amboinensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1854", 16720083,Lethrinus microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,microdon,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 16719904,Lethrinus borbonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,borbonicus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 16720568,Lethrinus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,variegatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830",This name was frequently applied to what is now recognized as Lethrinus rubrioperculatus and its use prior to 1989 is probably not reliable (K. Carpenter pers. comm. 2015). 16720022,Lethrinus harak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,harak,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 16720383,Lethrinus ravus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,ravus,,,,,"Carpenter & Randall, 2003", 16720328,Lethrinus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,olivaceus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830",Morphological and genetic variability of the nominal species Lethrinus olivaceus support the presence of two distinct species (Lethrinus sp. A in the Indian Ocean and Lethrinus sp. B in the western Pacific Ocean) whose distribution ranges meet or overlap in the Coral Triangle (Borsa et al. 2013). This species complex will be treated as one species until further taxonomic revision has been completed. 16720029,Lethrinus laticaudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,laticaudis,,,,,"Alleyne & Macleay, 1877", 16720267,Lethrinus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,obsoletus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 16719890,Lethrinus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,atlanticus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 155115,Lethrinus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,reticulatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 16720002,Lethrinus erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,erythropterus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 16720345,Lethrinus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,ornatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830", 16721443,Monotaxis heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Monotaxis,heterodon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 16720607,Monotaxis grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Monotaxis,grandoculis,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 16721842,Wattsia mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Wattsia,mossambica,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)", 16749571,Pempheris poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PEMPHERIDAE,Pempheris,poeyi,,,,,"Bean, 1885", 16750054,Baldwinella aureorubens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Baldwinella,aureorubens,,,,,"(Longley, 1935)",
 16749725,Pempheris schomburgkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PEMPHERIDAE,Pempheris,schomburgkii,,,,,"Müller & Troschel, 1848", 16757660,Chorthippus relicticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,relicticus,,,,,"Sirin, Helversen & Çiplak, 2010", 16757663,Chorthippus antecessor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,antecessor,,,,,"Sirin & Çiplak, 2010", 16757666,Chorthippus ilkazi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,ilkazi,,,,,"Uvarov, 1934", 16757669,Chorthippus bozdaghi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,bozdaghi,,,,,"Uvarov, 1934", 16757672,Myrmeleotettix ethicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Myrmeleotettix,ethicus,,,,,"Sirin & Çiplak, 2011", 16770720,Arthroleptis kutogundua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,kutogundua,,,,,"Blackburn, 2012", 183787,Etropus delsmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,delsmani,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1940","The validity of the sub-species is questionable (Munroe 2002). ""Etropus delsmani"" is a valid species according to Eschmeyer 2012, and this account is in reference to E. delsmani; Etropus delsmani spp. pacificus is considered a synonym of Etropus delsmani." 190143,Symphurus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,marginatus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1886)", 190175,Polymixia lowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,lowei,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 16750728,Baldwinella vivanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Baldwinella,vivanus,,,,,"(Jordan & Swain, 1885)",The genus of this species was recently changed from Hemanthias to Baldwinella (Anderson and Heemstra 2012) 16751128,Hypoplectrus gummigutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,gummigutta,,,,,"(Poey, 1851)","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 16759066,Hypoplectrus indigo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,indigo,,,,,"(Poey, 1851) ","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 16759093,Hypoplectrus guttavarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,guttavarius,,,,,"(Poey, 1852)","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 16759111,Hypoplectrus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,nigricans,,,,,"(Poey, 1852)","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 16759126,Hypoplectrus puella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,puella,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in colour patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them. This species also shows the greatest amount of variation of the hamlets (Thresher 1978)." 16759139,Hypoplectrus randallorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,randallorum,,,,,"Lobel, 2011","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 16759144,Hypoplectrus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,unicolor,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 16759167,Liopropoma carmabi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,carmabi,,,,,"(Randall, 1963)", 16759176,Liopropoma eukrines,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,eukrines,,,,,"(Starck & Courtenay, 1962)", 16759184,Liopropoma mowbrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,mowbrayi,,,,,"Woods & Kanazawa, 1951", 16759188,Liopropoma rubre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,rubre,,,,,"Poey, 1861", 16759221,Parasphyraenops atrimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Parasphyraenops,atrimanus,,,,,"Bean, 1912", 16759230,Parasphyraenops incisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Parasphyraenops,incisus,,,,,"(Colin, 1978)", 16759242,Pronotogrammus martinicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pronotogrammus,martinicensis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1868)", 16759321,Pseudogramma gregoryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,gregoryi,,,,,"(Breder, 1927)", 16759340,Rypticus bistrispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,bistrispinus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)", 16759348,Rypticus bornoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,bornoi,,,,,"Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928", 16759353,Rypticus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,maculatus,,,,,"Holbrook, 1855", 16759357,Rypticus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,randalli,,,,,"Courtenay, 1967", 16759367,Rypticus subbifrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,subbifrenatus,,,,,"Gill, 1861","The eastern Atlantic and Brazilian subpopulations may represent variations of R. subbifrenatus or an undescribed species (Baldwin and Weigt 2012)." 16759398,Schultzea beta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Schultzea,beta,,,,,"(Hildebrand, 1940)", 16759463,Serraniculus pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serraniculus,pumilio,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1952", 16759509,Serranus annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,annularis,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 16759518,Serranus chionaraia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,chionaraia,,,,,"Robins & Starck, 1961", 16759535,Serranus flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,flaviventris,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 16759549,Serranus luciopercanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,luciopercanus,,,,,"Poey, 1852", 16759552,Serranus notospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,notospilus,,,,,"Longley, 1935",There are likely two well-defined sub-species that differ in coloration and meristics: a northern one and a southern one (Bullock and Smith 1991). 16759556,Serranus phoebe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,phoebe,,,,,"Poey, 1851", 16759559,Serranus tabacarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,tabacarius,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 16759567,Serranus tortugarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,tortugarum,,,,,"Longley, 1935", 16759571,Peprilus burti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STROMATEIDAE,Peprilus,burti,,,,,"Fowler, 1944", 16759591,Symphysanodon berryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SYMPHYSANODONTIDAE,Symphysanodon,berryi,,,,,"Anderson, 1970", 16759597,Kathetostoma cubana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Kathetostoma,cubana,,,,,"Barbour, 1941", 16765067,Gymnachirus melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Gymnachirus,melas,,,,,"Nichols, 1916", 16765076,Gymnachirus nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Gymnachirus,nudus,,,,,"Kaup, 1858", 16765093,Trinectes inscriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,inscriptus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1851)", 16765190,Engyophrys senta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyophrys,senta,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933", 16765697,Monolene atrimana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,atrimana,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1886", 16765727,Monolene megalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,megalepis,,,,,"Woods, 1961", 16765806,Monolene sessilicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,sessilicauda,,,,,"Goode, 1880",There is ongoing debate as to the taxonomic status of M. antillarum; Munroe (2002) considered it a junior synonym of M. sessilicauda. 16766162,Trichopsetta caribbaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Trichopsetta,caribbaea,,,,,"Anderson & Gutherz, 1967", 16766235,Symphurus arawak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,arawak,,,,,"Robins & Randall, 1965", 16766259,Symphurus billykrietei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,billykrietei,,,,,"Munroe, 1998", 16766319,Symphurus caribbeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,caribbeanus,,,,,"Munroe, 1991", 16777231,Symphurus civitatium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,civitatium,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1951","Currently, this species is valid as S. civitatum, based on ""of the states"" rather than ""of the citizenry"" (see Munroe 1991 and etyfish to flesh this out)." 16777242,Symphurus diomedeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,diomedeanus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 16777283,Symphurus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,minor,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1951", 16777340,Symphurus ommaspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,ommaspilus,,,,,"Böhlke, 1961", 16777344,Symphurus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,parvus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1951", 16777347,Symphurus pelicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,pelicanus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1951", 16777353,Symphurus plagusia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,plagusia,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 16777363,Symphurus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,pusillus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 16777371,Symphurus rhytisma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,rhytisma,,,,,"Böhlke, 1961", 16777804,Etropus crossotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,crossotus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882","Etropus crossotus was originally described from specimens collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Populations identified as this species from the western Atlantic, though morphologically similiar, have not been examined from a genetic perspective to determine if they are conspecific with the eastern Pacific populations (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2015). For now, we continue to use E. crossotus for Atlantic populations." 16777808,Etropus cyclosquamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,cyclosquamus,,,,,"Leslie & Stewart, 1986", 16777813,Gastropsetta frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Gastropsetta,frontalis,,,,,"Bean, 1895", 16778030,Paralichthys oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,oblongus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","The generic assignment of Pleuronectes oblongus Mitchill 1815 has been questioned. Some authors consider the appropriate placement to be in the genus Hippoglossina, while others consider this species to be a member of the genus Paralichthys. A comprehensive revision of these genera is necessary to resolve this conundrum." 16778116,Paralichthys tropicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,tropicus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933", 16778128,Syacium papillosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,papillosum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are three co-occurring species of the genus Syacium in the western Atlantic. Identification of specimens to species is difficult because the species are morphologically similar and there is a significant amount of sexual dimorphism. Often times, these fishes are not identified to the species level and it is likely that in some studies catches consist of more than one species (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2015)." 16778406,Polydactylus octonemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,octonemus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 16778475,Polydactylus oligodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,oligodon,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)","Polydactylus oligodon is difficult to distinguish from P. virginicus (Feltes 2002, B. Smith-Vaniz and R. Robertson pers. comm. 2015)." 16778581,Peristedion brevirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,brevirostre,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 16778632,Peristedion gracile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,gracile,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 16778644,Peristedion longispatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,longispatha,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1886", 16778750,Neomerinthe beanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neomerinthe,beanorum,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1900)", 16778824,Pontinus castor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,castor,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 16778856,Pontinus helena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,helena,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1965", 16779096,Pontinus nematophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,nematophthalmus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 16779138,Pontinus rathbuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,rathbuni,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 16779209,Scorpaena albifimbria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,albifimbria,,,,,"Evermann & Marsh, 1900", 16779221,Scorpaena bergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,bergii,,,,,"Evermann & Marsh, 1900", 16779231,Scorpaena brachyptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,brachyptera,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1965", 16779236,Scorpaena brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,brasiliensis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 16779248,Scorpaena dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,dispar,,,,,"Longley & Hildebrand, 1940", 16779254,Scorpaena elachys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,elachys,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1965", 16779258,Scorpaena grandicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,grandicornis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 16779264,Scorpaena inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,inermis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 16779308,Scorpaena plumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,plumieri,,,,,"Bloch, 1789", 16779383,Scorpaenodes caribbaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,caribbaeus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 16779424,Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,tredecimspinosus,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)", 16779436,Prionotus alatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,alatus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1883", 16779444,Prionotus beanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,beanii,,,,,"Goode, 1896", 16779491,Prionotus carolinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,carolinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)", 16780973,Prionotus evolans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,evolans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 16781035,Prionotus murielae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,murielae,,,,,"Mobray, 1928", 16781047,Prionotus ophryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,ophryas,,,,,"Jordan & Swain, 1885", 16781050,Prionotus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,punctatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 16781072,Prionotus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,roseus,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1887", 16781081,Prionotus scitulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,scitulus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 16781085,Prionotus stearnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,stearnsi,,,,,"Jordan & Swain, 1885", 16781101,Prionotus tribulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Prionotus,tribulus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 16781124,Fistularia tabacaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,FISTULARIIDAE,Fistularia,tabacaria,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","There should be some investigation into the taxonomic standing of this species (i.e., whether it it belongs in the Syngnathiformes or Gasterosteiformes)." 16781181,Stephanolepis setifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Stephanolepis,setifer,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)","In the field, this species is difficult to distinguish from Stephanolepis hispidus (R. Robertson and J. Tyler pers. comm. 2015)." 16781189,Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,GRAMMICOLEPIDIDAE,Xenolepidichthys,dalgleishi,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1922", 56054,Acanthixalus sonjae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Acanthixalus,sonjae,,,,,"Rödel, Kosuch, Veith & Ernst, 2003", 16793075,Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nimbaphrynoides,occidentalis,,,,,"(Angel, 1943)",The current assessment includes both Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis and the previously recognized (now synonymized) Nimbaphrynoides liberiensis. 16793953,Hyperolius spatzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,spatzi,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","Hyperolius spatzi was resurrected from synonymy under Hyperolius nitidulus by Rödel et al. (2010). This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Schiøtz 1999)." 16811574,Rypticus carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rypticus,carpenteri,,,,,"Baldwin & Weigt, 2012","This species can be confused with its congener, R. subbifrenatus (Smith-Vaniz and Collette 2013)." 23052,Vulpes pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,pallida,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)", 16794889,Hyperolius nitidulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,nitidulus,,,,,"Peters, 1875","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Hyperolius spatzi (Rödel et al. 2010).

This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983; Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, with a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"".

" 56066,Afrixalus lacteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,lacteus,,,,,"Perret, 1976", 56071,Afrixalus nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,nigeriensis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1963",This species is closely related to Afrixalus equatorialis (Schiøtz 1999). 56083,Afrixalus vibekensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,vibekensis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967","Schiøtz (1999) noted that the name vibekensis is grammatically incorrect, and proposed that it be changed to vibekae. However, according to Frost (AMNH website), this is an unjustified emendation." 54780,Sclerophrys togoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,togoensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)",Records from central Africa refer to Sclerophrys latifrons.

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 153967,Cambarus carinirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,carinirostris,,,,,"Hay, 1914", 54794,Sclerophrys villiersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,villiersi,,,,,"(Angel, 1940)","It is possible that Sclerophrys djohongensis is a synonym of this species (J.-L. Amiet pers. comm.). However, this synonymy is not universally accepted (D. Blackburn pers. comm. August 2012).

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54369,Arthroleptis crusculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,crusculum,,,,,"Angel, 1950",This species is very distinctive and should probably be transferred to the monotypic genus Arthroleptulus (R.C. Drewes pers. comm.). 184617,Hydrobia balfouri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,balfouri,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1881)", 4177,Ceratophallus socotrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,socotrensis,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1883)","Its taxonomic status is uncertain, it may be a juvenile snail of another taxon." 16854228,Cardioglossa manengouba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,manengouba,,,,,"Blackburn, 2008", 16854247,Hyperolius veithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,veithi,,,,,"Schick, Kielgast, Rödder, Muchai, Burger & Lötters, 2010", 16854256,Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,cinnamomeoventris,,,,,"Bocage, 1866",Schick et al. (2010) have provided evidence that indicate this taxon is a complex of species; H. veithi has been split from the broader concept. 54423,Astylosternus ranoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,ranoides,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 54405,Cardioglossa melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,melanogaster,,,,,"Amiet, 1972", 54407,Cardioglossa oreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,oreas,,,,,"Amiet, 1972", 54408,Cardioglossa pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,pulchra,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1963",Records of this species from Tchabal Mbabo refer to Cardioglossa alsco. 54410,Cardioglossa trifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,trifasciata,,,,,"Amiet, 1972", 54411,Cardioglossa venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,venusta,,,,,"Amiet, 1972", 195056,Indochinamon phongnha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,phongnha,,,,,"Naruse, Nguyen & Yeo, 2011", 58250,Conraua alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CONRAUIDAE,Conraua,alleni,,,,,"(Barbour & Loveridge, 1927)",This is a species complex containing at least four different species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016). Burgess et al. (2007) also regard this as a composite of four species. It is now thought to be a complex of nine different species (Barej et al. unpublished). 61542,Philochortus zolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Philochortus,zolii,,,,,"Scortecci, 1934","The taxonomy of this species, and other Philochortus species, needs to be reviewed (S. Baha El Din pers. comm). Schleich et al. (1996) indicated that the relationship between this species and West African P. lhotei was in need of clarification. More recently, Trape et al. (2012) considered West African P. lhotei a junior synonym of this species as its morphological characters fall within the range of variability of Egyptian P. zolii reported by Baha El Din (2006) (J.-F. Trape pers. comm. April 2012)." 178651,Trachylepis bensonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,bensonii,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 54427,Leptodactylodon axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,axillaris,,,,,"Amiet, 1971", 54432,Leptodactylodon erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,erythrogaster,,,,,"Amiet, 1971", 54433,Leptodactylodon mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,mertensi,,,,,"Perret, 1959", 56263,Leptopelis macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,macrotis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56271,Leptopelis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,occidentalis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 54893,Werneria bambutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Werneria,bambutensis,,,,,"(Amiet, 1972)", 54897,Wolterstorffina chirioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Wolterstorffina,chirioi,,,,,"Boistel & Amiet, 2001", 54898,Wolterstorffina mirei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Wolterstorffina,mirei,,,,,"(Perret, 1971)", 54899,Wolterstorffina parvipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Wolterstorffina,parvipalmata,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)","Wolterstorffina parvipalmata is a species complex and, according to a forthcoming paper, will be split into three lineages (M. Barej and S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012).
" 56118,Hyperolius bobirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,bobirensis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56155,Hyperolius laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,laurenti,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56169,Hyperolius nienokouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,nienokouensis,,,,,"Rödel, 1999", 56170,Hyperolius nimbae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,nimbae,,,,,"Laurent, 1958",This species is part of the Hyperolius tuberculatus Group within the H. viridiflavus complex (Schiøtz 1999). 56215,Hyperolius torrentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,torrentis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56220,Hyperolius viridigulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,viridigulosus,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56224,Hyperolius zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,zonatus,,,,,"Laurent, 1958", 56227,Kassina cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,cochranae,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1941)",We follow Perret (1985) and Rödel et al. (2002) in considering Kassina arboricola to be separate from K. cochranae. The Ghana record of this species from Hillers et al. 2009 has been confirmed as being K. schioetzi (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016). 56230,Kassina lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,lamottei,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 178176,Morerella cyanophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Morerella,cyanophthalma,,,,,"Rödel, Assemian, Kouamé, Tohé & Perret, 2009","So far, this is the only species in the recently erected genus Morerella (Rödel et al. 2009). The population reported from southern Taï National Park is known only from photographic evidence which has not been seen by the describing authors, and neither its taxonomic status nor its locality can be verified (N.G. Kouamé pers. comm. December 2010)." 89114149,Odontobatrachus natator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOBATRACHIDAE,Odontobatrachus,natator,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the splits of the broader concept into this, Odontobatrachus arndti, O. fouta, O. smithi and O. ziama (Barej et al. 2015 - Zoosystematics and Evolution).

Two distinctive molecular clades have been identified within this species, one that is restricted to Freetown Peninsula in coastal Sierra Leone and one for all other remaining localities (Barej et al. 2015 - BMC Evolutionary Biology) which require further research to determine taxonomic identity." 58092,Phrynobatrachus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,annulatus,,,,,"Perret, 1966", 175535,Phrynobatrachus chukuchuku,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,chukuchuku,,,,,"Zimkus, 2009", 58103,Phrynobatrachus cricogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,cricogaster,,,,,"Perret, 1957", 58112,Phrynobatrachus ghanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,ghanensis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1964", 58115,Phrynobatrachus guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,guineensis,,,,,"Guibé & Lamotte, 1962",This form consists of two separate species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). 58123,Phrynobatrachus liberiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,liberiensis,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1927", 58134,Phrynobatrachus phyllophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,phyllophilus,,,,,"Rödel & Ernst, 2002", 158635,Phrynobatrachus pintoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,pintoi,,,,,"Hillers, Zimkus & Rödel, 2008", 74724619,Phrynobatrachus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,steindachneri,,,,,"Nieden, 1910",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and P. jimzimkusi (Zimkus and Gvoždík 2013). 58168,Xenopus amieti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,amieti,,,,,"Kobel, du Pasquier, Fischberg & Gloor, 1980",This species is a tetraploid species (Kobel et al. 1980). 58522,Ptychadena retropunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,retropunctata,,,,,"(Angel, 1949)", 58528,Ptychadena superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,superciliaris,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 54377,Arthroleptis nikeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,nikeae,,,,,"Poynton, 2003", 54382,Arthroleptis reichei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,reichei,,,,,"Nieden, 1911",Further taxonomic investigations are required on this species as more than one taxon may be represented. 135901,Arthroleptis stridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,stridens,,,,,"(Pickersgill, 2007)",It is known from a single adult specimen and further research is needed to determine the taxonomic validity of this species (D. Blackburn pers. comm. May 2012). 54388,Arthroleptis tanneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,tanneri,,,,,"Grandison, 1983","A recent study has confined this species to forests of the West Usambara Mountains (Loader et al. 2011)." 56254,Leptopelis fenestratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,fenestratus,,,,,"Laurent, 1972", 61847,Callulina kisiwamsitu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,kisiwamsitu,,,,,"de Sá, Loader & Channing, 2004",This species was separated from Callulina kreffti by de Sá et al. (2004). 57982,Probreviceps rungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Probreviceps,rungwensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1932",We follow Poynton (2003b) and Channing and Howell (2006) in considering this to be a species distinct from Probreviceps macrodactylus. Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 57983,Probreviceps uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Probreviceps,uluguruensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1925)", 54813,Laurentophryne parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Laurentophryne,parkeri,,,,,"(Laurent, 1950)", 54787,Mertensophryne uzunguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,uzunguensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 54837,Nectophrynoides asperginis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,asperginis,,,,,"Poynton, Howell, Clarke & Lovett, 1999", 54841,Nectophrynoides minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,minutus,,,,,"Perret, 1972",Further taxonomic investigations are required on this species as more than one taxon may be represented. 54843,Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,pseudotornieri,,,,,"Menegon, Salvidio & Loader, 2004", 54845,Nectophrynoides vestergaardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,vestergaardi,,,,,"Menegon, Salvidio & Loader, 2004", 56072,Afrixalus orophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,orophilus,,,,,"(Laurent, 1947)","The species was resurrected from synonymy with Afrixalus brachycnemis. This means that specimens listed under this name need to be examined." 56091,Callixalus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Callixalus,pictus,,,,,"Laurent, 1950", 56093,Chrysobatrachus cupreonitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Chrysobatrachus,cupreonitens,,,,,"Laurent, 1951", 56113,Hyperolius atrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,atrigularis,,,,,"Laurent, 1941", 69039559,Hyperolius castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,castaneus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931",Hyperolius constellatus was split from this species by Greenbaum et al. 2013. 56124,Hyperolius chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,chrysogaster,,,,,"Laurent, 1950", 56129,Hyperolius diaphanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,diaphanus,,,,,"Laurent, 1972", 56130,Hyperolius discodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,discodactylus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","There is some question as to the correct name for this species. Hyperolius alticola is usually considered to be a synonym of H. discodactylus, and the name discodactylus has priority over alticola. However, Schiøtz (1999) found the type of H. discodactylus to be indeterminable, and therefore preferred to use the name alticola. Here we use the older name, discodactylus, pending resolution of this problem. There appears to be some question as to whether or not this species is specifically distinct from Hyperolius frontalis (Schiøtz 1999). Taxonomic work on resolving this problem is ongoing (M. Menegon pers comm June 2012)." 56135,Hyperolius frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,frontalis,,,,,"Laurent, 1950","There appears to be some question as to whether or not this species is specifically distinct from Hyperolius discodactylus (Schiøtz 1999). However, there is no clear agreement on this (E. Greenbaum pers. comm. July 2014)." 56157,Hyperolius leucotaenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,leucotaenius,,,,,"Laurent, 1950", 58087,Phrynobatrachus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,acutirostris,,,,,"Nieden, 1912", 58094,Phrynobatrachus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,asper,,,,,"Laurent, 1951", 58097,Phrynobatrachus bequaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,bequaerti,,,,,"(Barbour & Loveridge, 1929)", 58143,Phrynobatrachus sulfureogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,sulfureogularis,,,,,"Laurent, 1951", 58148,Phrynobatrachus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,versicolor,,,,,"Ahl, 1924", 58180,Xenopus ruwenzoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,ruwenzoriensis,,,,,"Tymowska & Fischberg, 1973","Uniquely among vertebrates (except Xenopus longipes), this is a dodecaploid species, and it is therefore of considerable conservation interest. It was probably formed by both hybridization and polyploidisation (Loumont and Kobel 1991)." 58496,Ptychadena christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,christyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)","This species is very poorly known and in need of taxonomic revision. Records from Faradje and Garamba in the savannah zone of north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo are probably in error, partly for ecological reasons, and partly because Inger (1968) did not record this species from Garamba National Park." 59494,Boulengerula boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,boulengeri,,,,,"Tornier, 1898",The specific status of the different populations needs assessment (S. Loader pers. comm.). 59495,Boulengerula changamwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,changamwensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1932",It is possible that the different subpopulations attributed to this species are taxonomically distinct. 59499,Boulengerula uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,uluguruensis,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928","While the type locality is the Uluguru Mountains, records from other nearby montane localities are genetically different and may be separate species (Loader et al. 2011)." 59651,Scolecomorphus kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SCOLECOMORPHIDAE,Scolecomorphus,kirkii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1883",The type locality is not known and the specific status of the different geographic populations requires further research (S. Loader pers. comm. October 2015). 59652,Scolecomorphus uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SCOLECOMORPHIDAE,Scolecomorphus,uluguruensis,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928", 59653,Scolecomorphus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SCOLECOMORPHIDAE,Scolecomorphus,vittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)",The specific status of the different populations needs assessment (S. Loader pers. comm.). 59598,Sylvacaecilia grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Sylvacaecilia,grandisonae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1970)", 56257,Leptopelis gramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,gramineus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",Molecular data suggest that this nominal species may comprise two distinct taxa; there is some population differentiation (A. Mengistu and S. Loader pers. comms. June 2012). 56279,Leptopelis ragazzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,ragazzii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Molecular data suggest that this nominal species may comprise two or more distinct taxa and its presence in the Gughe mountains is questionable based on a possible previous misidentification (A. Mengistu and S. Loader pers. comms. June 2012). 56281,Leptopelis susanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,susanae,,,,,"Largen, 1977",Molecular data confirm that the subpopulation in Saja (Kaffa) forest pertains to this nominal form (A. Mengistu and S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 56283,Leptopelis vannutellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,vannutellii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","Based on molecular data, Leptopelis vannutellii is confirmed to occur in the Gughe Mountains (A. Mengistu and S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012)." 56286,Leptopelis yaldeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,yaldeni,,,,,"Largen, 1977", 57703,Balebreviceps hillmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Balebreviceps,hillmani,,,,,"Largen & Drewes, 1989", 136142,Probreviceps loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Probreviceps,loveridgei,,,,,"Parker, 1931",We follow Mkonyi et al. (2004) and Channing and Howell (2006) in treating this taxon as a species separate from Probreviceps macrodactylus. Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 57981,Probreviceps rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Probreviceps,rhodesianus,,,,,"Poynton & Broadley, 1967", 54460,Altiphrynoides malcolmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Altiphrynoides,malcolmi,,,,,"(Grandison, 1978)", 54694,Mertensophryne lonnbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,lonnbergi,,,,,"(Andersson, 1911)","We follow Poynton (1997) in considering Mertensophryne mocquardi and M. nairobiensis as distinct from this species. However, M. Tandy (pers. comm.) considers both M. mocquardi and M. nairobiensis to be synonyms of M. lonnbergi." 54717,Mertensophryne nyikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,nyikae,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1953)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Mertensophryne lonnbergi by Poynton (1997), where it had been placed by Grandison (1972)." 54838,Nectophrynoides cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,cryptus,,,,,"Perret, 1971", 54839,Nectophrynoides frontierei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,frontierei,,,,,"Menegon, Salvidio & Loader, 2004", 54840,Nectophrynoides laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,laevis,,,,,"Menegon, Salvidio & Loader, 2004", 136057,Nectophrynoides laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,laticeps,,,,,"Channing, Menegon, Salvidio & Akker, 2005", 54846,Nectophrynoides viviparus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,viviparus,,,,,"(Tornier, 1905)",Further taxonomic investigations are required on this species as more than one taxon may be represented. 54671,Vandijkophrynus inyangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Vandijkophrynus,inyangae,,,,,"(Poynton, 1963)", 56061,Afrixalus enseticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,enseticola,,,,,"Largen, 1974", 56070,Afrixalus morerei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,morerei,,,,,"Dubois, 1986", 56081,Afrixalus uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,uluguruensis,,,,,"(Barbour & Loveridge, 1928)",Ongoing taxonomic investigation may demonstrate that there are several taxa associated with this name. 56148,Hyperolius kihangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,kihangensis,,,,,"Schiøtz & Westergaard in Schiøtz, 1999", 56187,Hyperolius puncticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,puncticulatus,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)",Ongoing investigations have shown that this name represents several taxa (see Lawson 2010; Pickersgill 2007). The naming of these species is awaiting further investigations. 56291,Paracassina kounhiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Paracassina,kounhiensis,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1905)", 58118,Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,inexpectatus,,,,,"Largen, 2001",There is taxonomic uncertainty surrounding the designation of certain subpopulations to this nominal taxon (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 58499,Ptychadena erlangeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,erlangeri,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)","There is considerable confusion about assigning populations to nominal species in Ptychadena across the highlands of Ethiopia (Mengistu 2012)." 58500,Ptychadena filwoha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,filwoha,,,,,"Largen, 1997",There is uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of this species (A. Mengistu and S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 58504,Ptychadena harenna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,harenna,,,,,"Largen, 1997",There are doubts regarding the taxonomic validity of this species (S. Loader pers. comm. February 2013). 58512,Ptychadena nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,nana,,,,,"Perret, 1980","Böhme and Rödder (2011) recorded Ptychana nana from the type locality, Arussi mountains, ninety years after its description. Furthermore, they discuss the taxonomic relationships of Ptychadena cf. nana from the Bale Mountains. A record referrable to Ptychadena nana was reported and questioned by Largen (2001) from south of Ketama, west of the Rift Valley, but this has yet to be confirmed or validated." 58187,Amietia inyangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,inyangae,,,,,"(Poynton, 1966)", 58075,Ericabatrachus baleensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Ericabatrachus,baleensis,,,,,"Largen, 1991", 59648,Crotaphatrema bornmuelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SCOLECOMORPHIDAE,Crotaphatrema,bornmuelleri,,,,,"(Werner, 1899)", 59649,Crotaphatrema lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SCOLECOMORPHIDAE,Crotaphatrema,lamottei,,,,,"(Nussbaum, 1981)",The systematic status of this species in relation to Crotaphatrema tchabalmbaboensis is uncertain as they could be the same species; more research is needed to clarify this relationship (T. Doherty-Bone pers. comm. October 2012). 59650,Crotaphatrema tchabalmbaboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SCOLECOMORPHIDAE,Crotaphatrema,tchabalmbaboensis,,,,,"Lawson, 2000",The systematic status of this species in relation to Crotaphatrema lamottei is uncertain as they could be the same species; more research is needed to clarify this relationship (T. Doherty-Bone pers. comm. October 2012). 59555,Geotrypetes angeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Geotrypetes,angeli,,,,,"Parker, 1936",The taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. 59556,Geotrypetes pseudoangeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Geotrypetes,pseudoangeli,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. 59557,Geotrypetes seraphini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Geotrypetes,seraphini,,,,,"(Duméril, 1859)",The taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. 59564,Herpele multiplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Herpele,multiplicata,,,,,"Nieden, 1912", 59565,Herpele squalostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Herpele,squalostoma,,,,,"(Stuchbury, 1836)",There are questions as to whether or not this is a single species (Taylor 1968). 59567,Idiocranium russeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Idiocranium,russeli,,,,,"Parker, 1936",It is not clear that the specimens from the two known localities refer to the same species. 59591,Schistometopum gregorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Schistometopum,gregorii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)",The Kenyan and Tanzanian populations might be distinct species (Taylor 1968; Gower and Wilkinson 2002). 59592,Schistometopum thomense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Schistometopum,thomense,,,,,"(Bocage, 1873)","According to Nussbaum and Pfrender (1998), an unconfirmed report of this species has come from ""Upper Zaire"" (likely another species)." 178346,Varanus exanthematicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,exanthematicus,,,,,"(Bosc, 1792)","The status of Varanus ocellatus is uncertain; it has been variously treated as a synonym of either V. albigularis or V. exanthematicus (Bennett 2004). This account follows Bennett (2004) in considering this form a synonym of V. exanthematicus with a distribution in Sudan (presumably South Sudan given the distribution for V. exanthematicus provided by this author). Specimens from Djibouti, Somalia and Ethiopia previously attributed to V. ocellatus are now understood to represent V. albigularis (Ineich 2001, Largen and Spawls 2006)." 16971461,Microcebus gerpi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,gerpi,,,,,"Radespiel, Ratsimbazafy, Rasoloharijaona, Raveloson, Andriaholinirina, Rakotondravony, Randrianarison & Randrianambinina, 2012", 17023321,Gongylomorphus borbonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Gongylomorphus,borbonicus,,,,,"Vinson & Vinson, 1969", 17023550,Leiolopisma ceciliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leiolopisma,ceciliae,,,,,"Arnold & Bour, 2008", 10082,Hippocampus reidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,reidi,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933", 177525,Pseudohaje nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudohaje,nigra,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 17046301,Dolichopoda remyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,remyi,,,,,"Chopard, 1934", 17046314,Dolichopoda hussoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,hussoni,,,,,"Chopard, 1934", 61799,Leptopelis crystallinoron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,crystallinoron,,,,,"Lötters, Rödel & Burger, 2005", 58200,Amnirana occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,occidentalis,,,,,"(Perret, 1960)", 58508,Ptychadena mahnerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,mahnerti,,,,,"Perret, 1996", 58120,Phrynobatrachus keniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,keniensis,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928", 56166,Hyperolius montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,montanus,,,,,"(Angel, 1924)",The form might consist of several species (Schiøtz 1999). 58188,Amietia johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,johnstoni,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 58121,Phrynobatrachus kinangopensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,kinangopensis,,,,,"Angel, 1924", 58494,Ptychadena broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,broadleyi,,,,,"Stevens, 1972", 57822,Hoplophryne rogersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hoplophryne,rogersi,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928",Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 58295,Hildebrandtia macrotympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Hildebrandtia,macrotympanum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 58771,Strongylopus rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,rhodesianus,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1933)", 188965,Melanopsis costata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,costata,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)","Species in the genus Melanopsis are difficult to identify and subject to considerable controversy. Further taxonomic analysis is highly recommended for the entire range of the the genus' occurrence.

The Melanopsis species of the Levant region show a high degree of morphological variation and there is considerable disagreement over how many species of Melanopsis exist there (Heller et al. 2005). Heller et al. (2005) conclude that ten Melanopsis species occur in the Levant, one of which consists of four subspecies (M. costata). This conclusion disagrees with that of Glaubrecht (1993, 1996, 1999 in Heller et al. 2005) who suggested only two taxa.

The species M. costata shows a high degree of morphological variation, and has four recognized subspecies: Melanopsis costata costata, M. c. lampra, M. c. jordanica and M. c. obliqua (Heller et al. 2005). Throughout the Levant, M. costata frequently hybridizes with M. buccinoidea, and fossil evidence suggests that these species have been hybridizing for the last 1.5 million years (Heller et al. 2005)." 57823,Hoplophryne uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hoplophryne,uluguruensis,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928",Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 135988,Probreviceps durirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Probreviceps,durirostris,,,,,"Loader, Channing, Menegon & Davenport, 2006",

Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012).

54844,Nectophrynoides tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophrynoides,tornieri,,,,,"(Roux, 1906)",Further taxonomic investigations are required on this species as more than one taxon may be represented (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012). 61876,Strongylopus kilimanjaro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,kilimanjaro,,,,,"Clarke & Poynton, 2005", 58769,Strongylopus kitumbeine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,kitumbeine,,,,,"Channing & Davenport, 2002", 58770,Strongylopus merumontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,merumontanus,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1910)","Channing and Davenport (2002) synonymized Strongylopus fuelleborni with this species. However, Poynton (2004) considers S. merumontanus a separate species known only from higher elevations on Mount Meru in northern Tanzania." 56200,Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,rubrovermiculatus,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1975",This species is possibly a subspecies of Hyperolius mitchelli (Schiøtz 1999). 56294,Phlyctimantis keithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Phlyctimantis,keithae,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1975", 69192627,Hyperolius minutissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,minutissimus,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1975",H. ukwiva has recently been split from this species (Loader et al. 2014). 56212,Hyperolius tanneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,tanneri,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1982",The emendation by Schiøtz (1999) from Hyperolius tanneri to H. tannerorum was considered unjustified by Dubois (2007). 58122,Phrynobatrachus krefftii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,krefftii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909",

Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012).

58064,Arthroleptides martiensseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Arthroleptides,martiensseni,,,,,"Nieden, 1911",

Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (Loader et al. 2013).

58065,Arthroleptides yakusini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Arthroleptides,yakusini,,,,,"Channing, Moyer & Howell, 2002",

Molecular data suggest that there are more than one species under this name (S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012).

156181,Ancylus fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ancylus,fluviatilis,,,,,"O.F. Müller, 1774","There has been some taxonomic dispute whether isolated lineages should form a new species, but no conclusive decisions have been drawn. Albrecht et al. (2007) suggest that Ancylus fluviatilis should be restricted to the main populations in northern Europe and that the Mediterranean hosts four other species currently known as Ancylus fluviatilis. It has also been recorded that individuals are frequently mistaken for Ferrissia plathyrynchus. According to Hubendick (1970), the Arabian populations (including Pseudancylus argenteus Connolly, 1941, Hadhramaut) appear to be indistinguishable from A. fluviatilis of Europe, which is a highly variable species comprising many named forms.

In the 2010 global assessment of this species, Ancylus striatus was placed as a synonym (together with a significant number of other taxa, whilst MolluscaBase (2002) currently considers both Ancylus striatus and A. fluviatilis to be valid species (and both are assessed for the Red List at present).
According to M. Vinarski (pers. comm. 2022), the current taxonomy of Ancylus needs a thorough revision, with recent molecular works having shown that there are several cryptic lineages of Ancylus in Europe, which well may represent separate species, and a full revision, with examination of the extant type series of nominal species (if available), is required. Ancylus striatus is one of the oldest nomenclaturally available names and could be useful for the designation of a certain cryptic species.

In contrast, the opinion of D. Van Damme (pers. comm. 2022), is that Ancylus, as a Pulmonate, can be distributed by birds and is hermaphroditic, meaning that genetically different pioneer populations can appear all the time and disappear again. As a result, A. striatus only be considered as a distinct species if sufficient genetic material is available; if the only material that exists is from the original description from 1834, the taxonomic status of Ancylus striatus is dubious at best and logically A. striatus be retained as a synonym of A. fluviatilis." 176237,Cynisca feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,feae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 155540,Gyraulus piscinarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,piscinarum,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1852)","This species has been described from Lebanon. Its taxonomic position has recently been stabilized by detailed anatomical research that used specimens from near the type locality (Glöer and Boessneck 2007). Due to confusion with other Middle East species of the genus Gyraulus, only anatomically similar specimens can be accepted as correct records for Gyraulus piscinarum. As a consequence, several records, which are only based on the study of the shells, should be considered with some reluctance. This particularly holds true for the records from Bulgaria and Oman." 165594,Indoplanorbis exustus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Indoplanorbis,exustus,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1834)", 174090,Cynisca kraussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,kraussi,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)", 17222980,Guinothusa phimaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Guinothusa,phimaiensis,,,,,"Yeo & Ng, 2010", 17223048,Villopotamon thaii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Villopotamon,thaii,,,,,"(Dang & Ho, 2003)", 17233948,Boraras naevus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Boraras,naevus,,,,,"Conway & Kottelat, 2011", 10087,Hippocampus trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,trimaculatus,,,,,"Leach, 1814","Specimens from NE Australia are morphologically similar to those from the rest of the Indo-West Pacific (Sara Lourie, unpublished data). Kuiter (2001) however classifies them as H. dahli. Genetic data on BOLD suggest that specimens of putative H. dahli are >5% different from H. trimaculatus and may reflect cryptic speciation. This requires further investigation.

Kuiter (2001) also resurrected H. kampylotrachelos based on a single specimen which, upon examination by SL, was found to be in poor condition, although it did have low fin ray counts for H. trimaculatus.

Eschmeyer (2014) considers H. manadensis to be valid, and H. mannulus to be a synonym of H. comes, however the type descriptions and type specimen (of H. manadensis) clearly ally them with H. trimaculatus . There is a deep genetic division (approx. 2.9% K2P distance) between specimens east and west of Wallace’s line based on 696bp of cyt b mtDNA (Lourie and Vincent, 2004)." 183310,Prionurus laticlavius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Prionurus,laticlavius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)","This species is closely related to Prionurus punctatus, and genetic and morphological studies are required to confirm the taxonomic status of these two species." 183646,Prionurus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Prionurus,punctatus,,,,,"Gill, 1862","This species is closely related to Prionurus laticlavious, and genetic and morphological studies are required to confirm the taxonomic status of these two species." 176275,Aparallactus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,lineatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 176277,Atractaspis irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,irregularis,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)","The following subspecies are recognised:
Atractaspis irregularis angeli Laurent, 1950
A. i. bipostocularis Boulenger, 1905
A. i. conradsi Sternfield, 1908
A. i. parkeri Laurent, 1945
A. . uelensis Laurent 1945." 176283,Polemon barthii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,barthii,,,,,"Jan, 1858","Hughes (2003) clarified the distributions of this species and P. bocourti, finding that only P. barthii occurs in West Africa and that this species does not occur east of Ghana. Apparently unaware of this work, Chippaux (2006) gives the incorrect distribution ""Côte d'Ivoire au Gabon et au Cameroun"", justifying its removal from territories further west by indicating that the type locality ""Guinea"" in fact refers to Ghana. Although Guinea was the name historically applied to much of western West Africa (Hughes 2003), Chippaux (2006) provides no justification for assuming a Ghanaian type locality, and a record of this species exists from Mt. Nimba in southern Guinea (Hughes 2003). Böhme et al. (2011) continue to refer to this record as P. bocourti following Angel (1954), however Hughes (2003) discuss this record and consider the attribution to P. bocourti to be in error." 176779,Dasypeltis fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,fasciata,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849","This species was previously considered to occur throughout western and central Africa, from Gambia to western Uganda (Spawls et al. 2002). Trape and Mané (2006) re-examined specimens of this species and Dasypeltis scabra from West Africa, erecting three new species distributed in the Sahel, Sudanese savannah and the Guinean tropics respectively. Trape et al. (2012) re-examined the systematics of West African Dasypeltis, and confirmed that D. macrops is a junior synonym of D. fasciata." 17364025,Atractaspis micropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,micropholis,,,,,micropholis,"Trape et al. (2006) redescribed this species, Atractaspis microlepidota and A. watsoni. The identity of these three species has been confused since Laurent (1950), who considered A. watsoni to be a synonym of A. micropholis, and this in turn a subspecies of A. microlepidota. Trape and Mané (2000) subsequently identified A. microlepidota and A. micropholis as distinct forms, noting that the two occur in sympatry in West Africa, but did not formally redescribe either species. A. micropholis has an indeterminate type locality originally identified only as somewhere in Africa. The description of the type locality as ""Northern Nigeria"" in a British Museum catalogue may be a later amendment to the specimen record (Trape et al. 2006), however, it is consistent with the distribution of the species provided by these authors." 17364071,Atractaspis andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,andersonii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905","The redescription by Trape et al. (2006) of Atractaspis microlepidota, previously considered to range from West Africa east to Arabia and the Near East, confined this formerly widespread species to West Africa. These authors did not consider the status of populations outside West Africa, but by implication elevated the Arabian subspecies A. m. andersonii to specific status. This scheme is followed by David and Vogel (2010) pending a revision of eastern members of this species complex, on the basis that A. andersonii is morphologically distinct from any of the three species recognized for West Africa by Trape et al. (2006). David and Vogel (2010) also consider the status of A. engaddensis, suggested by Gasperetti (1988) to be a synonym of A. microlepidota. The view put forward by Gasperetti (1988) has been contested on the basis of morphological differences between the two forms, differences already recognized by Gasperetti (1988) (Werner 1990). David and Vogel (2010) support the view that the two species are distinct, noting that A. engaddensis differs from both A. microlepidota and A. andersonii, and that A. engaddensis and A. andersonii appear to occur in sympatry in Arabia. A systematic revision of eastern Atractaspis following the redescription of A. microlepidota is however still lacking, and so the relationship between A. andersonii, A. engaddensis and African forms is in need of clarification." 17364122,Atractaspis battersbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,battersbyi,,,,,"De Witte, 1959", 17364176,Atractaspis bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,bibronii,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849",It seems likely that several cryptic taxa are currently subsumed under the name Atractaspis bibronii (Nagy et al. 2005). Morphological and genetic techniques should be employed to conduct a major revision of this species across its entire range. 17424269,Nactus serpensinsula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,serpensinsula,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1951)","Arnold (2000) elevated the former subspecies Nactus serpeninsula durrelli (emended to durrellorum by Michels and Bauer 2004) to specific status, restricting N. s. serpeninsula to Serpent Island. Although Arnold (2000) elevated this taxon to a full species without comment, his taxonomy is accepted by researchers and conservationists working with this taxon and is consequently applied here." 17424288,Nactus durrellorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,durrellorum,,,,,"Arnold & Jones, 1994","This species was described as a subspecies of the Serpent Island Night Gecko Nactus serpensinsula under the name N. s. durrelli (Arnold and Jones 1994), and elevated to specific status by Arnold (2000). The species was named in honour of both Gerald and Lee Durrell and hence the specific name should be plural; consequently Michels and Bauer (2004) emended it to Nactus serpensinsula durrellorum. This work unfortunately neglected the action of Arnold (2000) elevating this taxon to specific status, and consequently the correct combination Nactus durrellorum has so far been used only in grey literature such as technical reports. Although Arnold (2000) elevated this taxon to a full species without comment, his taxonomy is accepted by researchers and conservationists working with this taxon and is consequently applied here." 17429273,Phelsuma borbonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,borbonica,,,,,"Mertens, 1966","Three subspecies are currently recognized: Phelsuma borbonica borbonica Mertens,1966, P. b. mater Meier, 1995 and P. b. agalegae Cheke, 1975. P. b. agalegae, only present on Agalega islands, is a very poorly known subspecies.

Due to the limits of the taxonomic descriptions of subspecies and more recent developments of systematic methods, a systematic revision of Phelsuma borbonica is necessary (Sanchez and Caceres 2019). A genetic study has shown that two distinctly differentiated evolutionary lineages with a high level of genetic differentiation between populations exist on Réunion Island (Thébaud 2013)." 17432631,Phelsuma edwardnewtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,edwardnewtonii,,,,,"Vinson & Vinson, 1969", 17450049,Phelsuma inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,inexpectata,,,,,"Mertens, 1966","Bour et al. (1995) elevated the the subspecies Phelsuma ornata inexpectata to species rank, based on coloration and biological criteria. Phylogenetic studies confirm that this taxon is well-differentiated from Mauritian P. ornata (Austin et al. 2004), and it is currently accepted as a full species by most herpetologists." 17450271,Agama lebretoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,lebretoni,,,,,"Wagner, Barej & Schmitz, 2009", 17450282,Agama aculeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,aculeata,,,,,"Merrem, 1820","Previous species delimitation of Agama was rooted in morphological and geographic variation (McLachlan 1981), but recent multilocus phylogenetic work has established the phylogenetic relationships of African Agama, including those among the southern African taxa (Leaché et al. 2009, 2014). However, the taxonomic status of the Agama aculeata species complex (A. aculeata aculeata, A. a. distanti, A. armata) requires further investigation because no samples of A. a. distanti were included in the recent studies. Although McLachlan (1981) referred ground agamas from KwaZulu-Natal to A. a. armata, Bourquin (2004) followed Jacobsen (1989) and treated these populations as A. a. distanti." 17450308,Agama armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,armata,,,,,"Peters, 1855",Historical records of Agama aculeata (previously a subspecies of A. armata) and A. hispida (of which A. armata was previously considered a subspecies) from East Africa refer to A. armata (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2013). Additional molecular analyses may help to better illuminate the population genetic diversity across this taxon’s large geographic range and resolve taxonomic issues with this and related taxa. 17450397,Agama bottegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,bottegi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897","This species is known from a small number of specimens and has rarely been considered in the literature (Wagner and Bauer 2011). Wagner and Bauer (2011) examined the holotype and determined that it was distinct from other taxa examined in their review of Ethiopian ""Agama agama"", however, these authors noted similarities with A. spinosa (not treated in this research) and concluded that ""the status of A. bottegi is still doubtful"", listing this form in their review as Agama bottegi incertae sedis." 17450480,Agama etoshae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,etoshae,,,,,"McLachlan, 1981", 17450494,Agama finchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,finchi,,,,,"Böhme, Wagner, Malonza, Lötters & Köhler, 2005","Wagner et al. (2011) investigated the distribution of this recently-described lizard, confirming records provisionally assigned to this species in the original description and erecting a new subspecies, Agama finchi leucerythrolaema, for a population from Uganda; these authors also assigned records from Gambela in Ethiopia to this subspecies. Records of Agama agama sensu lato from western Ethiopia and Eritrea depicted by Largen and Spawls (2010) in fact represent A. finchi (Wagner et al. 2011, citing S. Spawls pers. comm.)" 17450557,Agama kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,kirkii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 17450619,Agama lionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,lionotus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","This is a member of the former Agama agama species complex, and is still treated within accounts for Agama agama in some recent field guides (e.g, Largen and Spawls 2010 - part). Böhme et al. (2005) distinguished the A. lionotus group, encompassing East African members of the former A. agama complex, from the A. agama group. The taxonomy of Agama lionotus thus defined is still not fully resolved. Recent work has determined that A. turuensis (a former synonym of A. l. elongis) is a valid species (Wagner et al. 2008) and that A. l. usambarae is a junior synonym of A. l. lionotus (Wagner 2007). Agama l. dodomae has been elevated to full species status, including the subspecies A. d. ufipae (P. Wagner unpubl. thesis, Wagner et al. in prep.). As currently defined following this complex sequence of taxonomic changes, A. lionotus contains the two recognized subspecies A. l. lionotus and A. l. elongis, and the latter is likely to be elevated to specific status in the near future (P. Wagner, in prep.)." 17450712,Agama lucyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,lucyae,,,,,"Wagner & Bauer, 2011", 17450723,Agama montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,montana,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928","Unpublished genetic work suggests that the record of this species from Nguru South Forest Reserve (Menegon et al. 2008) probably belongs to an undescribed species (M. Menegon pers. comm. 2015). An Agama population from the Udzungwa mountains appears to be morphologically referable to A. montana, but this too is thought to represent an undescribed species (M. Menegon pers. comm. 2015). Neither of these populations is included in this assessment pending further research to clarify the taxonomic status of the new records." 17450755,Agama mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,mossambica,,,,,"Peters, 1854", 17450826,Agama persimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,persimilis,,,,,"Parker, 1942", 17450843,Agama planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,planiceps,,,,,"Peters, 1862","Recent authors have recognized Agama planiceps schacki as a full species based on unpublished evidence that the two taxa are close relatives but specifically distinct (Marques et al. 2018, Butler et al. 2019). This account refrains from formally recognizing this change pending the completion of a detailed revision of this group mentioned by Marques et al. (2018)." 17450908,Agama robecchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,robecchii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891","Due to distinct differences between this species and other Ethiopian Agama, Largen and Spawls (2006) speculate that its assignment to this genus may be incorrect. Leaché et al. (2014) report results indicating that the species forms a clade sister to remaining Agama and state that work is underway to allocate it to a different genus." 17450922,Agama rueppelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,rueppelli,,,,,"Vaillant, 1882","The three recognized subspecies are not well-defined (Wagner and Bauer 2011). Reflecting this lack of clarity, Lanza (1990) attributes central and southern Somali records to an unidentified ""Agama rueppelli ssp."". Wagner and Bauer (2011) indicate that a review of this species' taxonomy is required." 17451105,Cryptagama aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Cryptagama,aurita,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 17451130,Dendragama boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Dendragama,boulengeri,,,,,"Doria, 1888","Prior to Harvey et al. (2017) Dendragama was considered to be monotypic and so records from throughout Sumatra were referred to the sole species, D. boulengeri. D. schneideri, presently a junior synonym of D. boulengeri, is considered valid by Harvey et al. (2017) and - although these authors do not take formal taxonomic action - their concept of D. boulengeri excludes this taxon. Another junior synonym, Salea rosaceum, was found by these authors to have been misattributed, and Harvey et al. (2017) referred this name to the synonymy of Pseudocalotes tympanistriga." 17451241,Xenagama batillifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Xenagama,batillifera,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1882)","In their recent revision of Xenagama, Wagner et al. (2012) described western populations formerly included within X. batillifera as a new species, X. wilmsi, restricting X. batillifera to Somalia." 17451283,Xenagama taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Xenagama,taylori,,,,,"(Parker, 1935)", 17451414,Tarentola senegambiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,senegambiae,,,,,"Joger, 1984","Trape et al. (2012) consider this taxon, formerly a subspecies of Tarentola ephippiata, a full species on molecular grounds, although they provide no data in support of this conclusion." 17451431,Trachylepis aureogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,aureogularis,,,,,"(Müller, 1885)","Trape et al. (2012) resurrected this species from synonymy, assigning the name Trachylepis aureogularis to West African populations previously assigned to T. albilabris. It has often been confused with both this species and T. affinis, this latter a more widespread species found throughout the range of T. aureogularis (Trape et al. 2012)." 17476704,Betiscoides parva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Betiscoides,parva,,,,,"Key, 1937", 17476731,Betiscoides meridionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Betiscoides,meridionalis,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1923", 17477286,Betiscoides sjostedti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Betiscoides,sjostedti,,,,,"Key, 1937", 158572,Ischnura fountaineae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,fountaineae,,,,,"Morton, 1905","Ischnura fountainei Morton, 1905 is an incorrect original spelling in the sense of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), which had been emended according to Article 31.1.2." 165506,Orthetrum taeniolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,taeniolatum,,,,,"(Schneider, 1845)","

This small species of Orthetrum is mainly Asian in distribution and is replaced in Africa and southwestern Arabia by its sister taxon Orthetrum kollmannspergeri Buchholz, 1959. According to Dumont and Veschuren (2005) and Clausnitzer and Dijkstra (2005), all African and west-Arabian records of O. taeniolatum should be ascribed to O. kollmannspergeri Buchholz, 1959. Unfortunately the name kollmannspergeri Buchholz, 1959 will fall into synonymy of an earlier available name (Ober in prep.).

" 167269,Pseudagrion decorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,decorum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 165471,Selysiothemis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Selysiothemis,nigra,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1825)", 60038,Sympetrum fonscolombii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,fonscolombii,,,,,"(Selys, 1840)", 154818,Acanthurus gahhm,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,gahhm,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 19950,Scarus guacamaia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,guacamaia,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 155120,Naso vlamingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Naso,vlamingii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 190675,Heteroscarus acroptilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Heteroscarus,acroptilus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)","Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

This species was previously referred to the genus Odax by Gomon and Paxton (1985), but recent phylogenetic analysis (Clements et al. 2004) indicates Odax is polyphyletic and that acroptilus should be separated in its own genus, Heteroscarus. It is treated as H. acroptilus by Gomon et al. (2008)." 190676,Neoodax balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Neoodax,balteatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190674,Haletta semifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Haletta,semifasciata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190679,Olisthops cyanomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Olisthops,cyanomelas,,,,,"Richardson, 1850","Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

This species was previously referred to the genus Odax by Gomon and Paxton (1985), but recent phylogenetic analysis (Clements et al. 2004) indicates Odax is polyphyletic and that cyanomelas should revert to its own genus, Olisthops. It is treated as Olisthops cyanomelas by Gomon et al. (2008)." 190680,Siphonognathus caninis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Siphonognathus,caninis,,,,,"(Scott, 1976)","Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

There has been a suggested taxonomic rearrangement of Siphonognathus to split the genus into two genera (Sheardichthys and Parodax) on the basis of (a) the type species S. argyrophanes only should retain the genus Siphonoganthus as it is morphologically distinct from the other five species of Siphonoganthus, which should be placed in Sheardichthys, and (b) Siphonognathus caninis is sufficiently distinct from the remaining four species (i.e. Siphongnathus attenuatus, S. beddomei, S. radiatus and S. tanyourus) to warrant placement in a separate genus, Paradax (R. Kuiter pers comm. 2010)." 190677,Odax cyanoallix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Odax,cyanoallix,,,,,"Ayling & Paxton, 1983",Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190678,Odax pullus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Odax,pullus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)",Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190683,Siphonognathus radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Siphonognathus,radiatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)","Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

There has been a suggested taxonomic rearrangement of Siphonognathus to split the genus into two genera (Sheardichthys and Parodax) on the basis of (a) the type species S. argyrophanes only should retain the genus Siphonoganthus as it is morphologically distinct from the other five species of Siphonoganthus, which should be placed in Sheardichthys, and (b) Siphonognathus caninis is sufficiently distinct from the remaining four species (i.e. Siphongnathus attenuatus, S. beddomei, S. radiatus and S. tanyourus) to warrant placement in a separate genus, Paradax (R. Kuiter pers comm. 2010)." 190684,Siphonognathus tanyourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Siphonognathus,tanyourus,,,,,"Gomon & Paxton, 1986","Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

There has been a suggested taxonomic rearrangement of Siphonognathus to split the genus into two genera (Sheardichthys and Parodax) on the basis of (a) the type species S. argyrophanes only should retain the genus Siphonoganthus as it is morphologically distinct from the other five species of Siphonoganthus, which should be placed in Sheardichthys, and (b) Siphonognathus caninis is sufficiently distinct from the remaining four species (i.e. Siphongnathus attenuatus, S. beddomei, S. radiatus and S. tanyourus) to warrant placement in a separate genus, Paradax (R. Kuiter pers comm. 2010)." 190681,Siphonognathus argyrophanes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Siphonognathus,argyrophanes,,,,,"Richardson, 1858","Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

There has been a suggested taxonomic rearrangement of Siphonognathus to split the genus into two genera (Sheardichthys and Parodax) on the basis of (a) the type species S. argyrophanes only should retain the genus Siphonoganthus as it is morphologically distinct from the other five species of Siphonoganthus, which should be placed in Sheardichthys, and (b) Siphonognathus caninis is sufficiently distinct from the remaining four species (i.e. Siphongnathus attenuatus, S. beddomei, S. radiatus and S. tanyourus) to warrant placement in a separate genus, Paradax (R. Kuiter pers comm. 2010)." 190682,Siphonognathus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Siphonognathus,attenuatus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1897)","Clements et al. (2004) recognize the Odacini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

There has been a suggested taxonomic rearrangement of Siphonognathus to split the genus into two genera (Sheardichthys and Parodax) on the basis of (a) the type species S. argyrophanes only should retain the genus Siphonoganthus as it is morphologically distinct from the other five species of Siphonoganthus, which should be placed in Sheardichthys, and (b) Siphonognathus caninis is sufficiently distinct from the remaining four species (i.e. Siphongnathus attenuatus, S. beddomei, S. radiatus and S. tanyourus) to warrant placement in a separate genus, Paradax (R. Kuiter pers comm. 2010)." 190763,Scarus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,arabicus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1902)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190764,Scarus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,chinensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)","Parenti and Randall (2000) suggest that Scarus chinensis is valid since the color notes do not match any known species, and that S. gracilis (which is not considered a valid species) might have been mis-identified as the initial phase of this species (has a dark mid-lateral stripe ""from snout to caudal fin broadly bordered above by yellowish-green""). Both Scarus chinensis and what has been named as S. gracilis are known only from the type material from Ningpo, a set of rocky islands just south of Shanghai.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190761,Scarus hypselopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,hypselopterus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008).

Initial phase closely resembles that of S. maculipinna which occurs further west, from the Mentawai Islands off the Indian Ocean coast of Sumatra to the Andaman Sea (R.F. Myers pers comm. 2009)." 190762,Chlorurus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,frontalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","This species is the sister species of Chlorurus enneacanthus (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2010).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190767,Chlorurus rhakoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,rhakoura,,,,,"Randall & Anderson, 1997","A complex of three similar species: C. cyanescens, C. oedema and C. rhakoura. All have a characteristic protruberance on the head. These three species are confused in field records.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190768,Sparisoma atomarium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,atomarium,,,,,"(Poey, 1861)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190765,Scarus persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,persicus,,,,,"Randall & Bruce, 1983",The sister species of Scarus persicus is S. ferrugineus (J.H. Choat pers. comm. 2010). The initial phases between the two species are very difficult to tell apart. 190766,Scarus caudofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,caudofasciatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190755,Scarus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,frenatus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1802","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190756,Leptoscarus vaigiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Leptoscarus,vaigiensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190753,Chlorurus gibbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,gibbus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)","This species is one of a clade of three large Chlorurus with an eastwest distribution. C. gibbus in the Red Sea, C. strongylocephalus in the Indian Ocean, C. microrhinos in the extreme east Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (Myers 1999, Parenti and Randall 2000, J.H. Choat pers comm. 2010). Up until 2000, all species were called C. gibbus. Records of Pacific C. gibbus refer to C. microrhinos (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009). Randall and Bruce (1983) include all three species under C. gibbus.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190754,Scarus koputea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,koputea,,,,,"Randall & Choat, 1980","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190759,Scarus ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,ferrugineus,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775",The sister species of Scarus ferrugineus is S. persicus (J.H. Choat pers. comm. 2010). The initial phases of the two species are very difficult to tell apart. 190760,Scarus zelindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,zelindae,,,,,"Moura, Figueiredo & Sazima, 2001","This species has been frequently misidentified as S. taeniopterus and S. iseri. Its status as a distinct species was recognized by Moura et al. (2001) on the basis of scale counts and color pattern.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190757,Cryptotomus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cryptotomus,roseus,,,,,"Cope, 1871",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190758,Chlorurus genazonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,genazonatus,,,,,"(Randall & Bruce, 1983)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190770,Sparisoma tuiupiranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,tuiupiranga,,,,,"Gasparini, Joyeux & Floeter, 2003",This species is a sister species of S. atomarium.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190769,Scarus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,longipinnis,,,,,"Randall & Choat, 1980","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190733,Hipposcarus harid,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hipposcarus,harid,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

This species has been previously confused with Scarus longiceps, a species that occurs in the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean." 190734,Sparisoma viride,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,viride,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190735,Scarus maculipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,maculipinna,,,,,"Westneat, Satapoomin & Randall, 2007","This species is a complex of closely related species S. flavipectoralis and S. hypselopterus. It is the most westerly distributed of the complex.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190736,Scarus psittacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,psittacus,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775","Molecular sequence data indicates continuous species distribution with no break between Pacific and Indian Oceans (Winters et al. 2010)." 190729,Sparisoma aurofrenatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,aurofrenatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190730,Nicholsina usta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Nicholsina,usta,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","The east and west Atlantic populations of N. usta were designated as separate subspecies by Schultz (1968) on the basis of minor morphometric divergences in preserved fishes (Nicholsina usta usta and Nicholsina usta collettei ).

Recent data show that these two forms are highly divergent genetically, more so than many of the Sparisoma species are from each other (Robertson et al. 2006). Hence, the east and west Atlantic forms represent a sister pair of species, N. collettei and N. usta, respectively (Parenti and Randall unpublished).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae." 190731,Scarus rubroviolaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,rubroviolaceus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1847","There is strong evidence of genetic break between Pacific and Indian ocean populations. However, there is no clear evidence of morphological differentiation (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190732,Scarus iseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,iseri,,,,,"(Bloch, 1789)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190725,Scarus xanthopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,xanthopleura,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190726,Scarus altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,altipinnis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190727,Chlorurus spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,spilurus,,,,,(Valenciennes 1840),"The widespread species Chlorurus sordidus is now partitioned into C. sordidus (Forsskål 1775), in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean and Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes 1840), in the Pacific and Eastern Indian Ocean based on mitochondrial sequence and morphology data (Bay et al.2004, Randall 2010, Beck 2010). It is likely that the Red Sea population will also be distinct (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190728,Chlorurus microrhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,microrhinos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","This species is one of a clade of three large Chlorurus with an eastwest distribution: C. gibbus in the Red Sea, C. strongylocephalus in the Indian Ocean, C. microrhinos in the extreme east Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (Myers 1999, Parenti and Randall 2000, J.H. Choat pers comm. 2010). Up until 2000, all species were called C. gibbus. Records of Pacific C. gibbus refer to C. microrhinos (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages. The sister species is C. capistratoides (Smith et al. 2008)." 190721,Sparisoma rubripinne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,rubripinne,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","The population in the eastern Atlantic is a distinct species known as Sparisoma choati (Rocha et al. 2012). add thiss reference:Rocha, L. A. , A. Brito and D. R. Robertson  2012 (6 Jan.) [ref. 31733]Sparisoma choati, a new species of parrotfish (Labridae: Scarinae) from the tropical eastern Atlantic. Zootaxa No. 3152: 61-67.
Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae." 190722,Scarus falcipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,falcipinnis,,,,,"(Playfair, 1868)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190723,Sparisoma amplum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,amplum,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1841)","This species has been frequently identified by Brazilian authors (e.g. Menezes and Figueiredo 1985) as its sister Caribbean species, S. viride (Bonaterre 1783), the stoplight parrotfish, due to their similar morphology and similar color pattern of initial phase specimens. Its status as a distinct species was recognized by Moura et al.(2001) on basis of color pattern, and confirmed by molecular study (Robertson et al. 2006).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae." 190724,Sparisoma frondosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,frondosum,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1831)",Sparisoma frondosum was identified as the Caribbean species S. chrysopterum (yellowtail parrotfish) until its revalidation in 2001 (Moura et al. 2001).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae.
Robertson and Van Tassell (2015) treat the Caribbean population as S. griseorubrum. 190750,Scarus taeniopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,taeniopterus,,,,,"Lesson, 1829","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190749,Scarus pyrrostethus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,pyrrostethus,,,,,"Richardson, 1846","There is clear evidence of genetic and morphological break between East Indian/Pacific Ocean (Cocos Keeling) and western Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean species is Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775 (Beck 2010).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190752,Scarus zufar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,zufar,,,,,"Randall & Hoover, 1995","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190751,Sparisoma axillare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,axillare,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)",Sparisoma axillare was identified in Brazil as the Caribbean species S. rubripinne (yellowtail parrotfish) until its revalidation in 2001 (Moura et al. 2001).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190746,Chlorurus oedema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,oedema,,,,,"(Snyder, 1909)","This species is a complex of three similar species C. cyanescens, C. oedema and C. rhakoura. All have a characteristic protruberance on the head. These three species are confused in field records.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190745,Hipposcarus longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Hipposcarus,longiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

This species has been previously confused with Scarus harid, a species that is restricted to the western Indian Ocean." 190748,Scarus trispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,trispinosus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190742,Chlorurus strongylocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,strongylocephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","This species is one of a clade of three large Chlorurus with an eastwest distribution: C. gibbus in the Red Sea, C. strongylocephalus in the Indian Ocean, C. microrhinos in the extreme east Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean (Myers 1999, Parenti and Randall 2000, J.H. Choat pers comm. 2010). It is combined with Chlorurus gibbus in Randall and Bruce (1983).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190741,Chlorurus troschelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,troschelii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","The status of this species is poorly known. There is a possibility of a related undescribed species in the north central Indian Ocean (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009). The initial phase has been confused with the initial phase of C. capistratoides and C. bleekeri (Bellwood 2001).

The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008). The sister pair C. bleekeri and C. bowersi share particularly distintive cheek patches of green/white (C. bleekeri) to solid green/blue (C. bowersi), a double chin strap of blue, and nearly identical fin colorations (Smith et al. 2008). C. troschelii is also likely a member of this clade (Choat and Randall 1986).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae." 190744,Chlorurus bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,bleekeri,,,,,"(De Beaufort, 1940)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008). The sister pair C. bleekeri and C. bowersi share particularly distintive cheek patches of green/white (C. bleekeri) to solid green/blue (C. bowersi), a double chin strap of blue, and nearly identical fin colorations (Smith et al. 2008). C. troschelii is also likely a member of this clade (Choat and Randall 1986)." 190743,Scarus ovifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,ovifrons,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1846","Records for the Ogasawara Islands, Japan are based on the closely related species Scarus obishime.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al.2008)." 190738,Sparisoma chrysopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,chrysopterum,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190737,Chlorurus cyanescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,cyanescens,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","This species is a member of a clade of large distinctive parrot fishes: C. cyanescens, C. rhakoura and C. oedema.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190740,Scarus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,niger,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775","Differences in colour patterns strongly suggest separate Indian and Pacific Ocean species. However, molecular data are not available at this time (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190739,Scarus dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,dimidiatus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1859","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190703,Scarus hoefleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,hoefleri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190704,Scarus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,tricolor,,,,,"Bleeker, 1847","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190701,Nicholsina collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Nicholsina,collettei,,,,,"Schultz, 1968","The east and west Atlantic populations of N. usta were designated as separate subspecies by Schultz (1968) on the basis of minor morphometric divergences in preserved fishes (Nicholsina usta usta and Nicholsina usta collettei ).

Recent data show that these two forms are highly divergent genetically, more so than many of the Sparisoma species are from each other (Robertson et al. 2006). Hence, the east and west Atlantic forms represent a sister pair of species, N. collettei and N. usta, respectively (Parenti and Randall unpublished).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae." 190702,Scarus fuscocaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,fuscocaudalis,,,,,"Randall & Myers, 2000","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190699,Chlorurus atrilunula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,atrilunula,,,,,"(Randall & Bruce, 1983)","This species was previously recorded from the Western Indian Ocean as Chlorurus capistratoides (Smith 1956, 1959). However, C. capistratoides is a distinct species although closely related to C. atrilunula (Randall and Bruce 1983).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190700,Scarus scaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,scaber,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","This species is the sister species of Scarus oviceps (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2010). The two species co-occur at Cocos-Keeling.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190697,Chlorurus capistratoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,capistratoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1847)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages. The sister species is C. microrhinos (Smith et al. 2008)." 190698,Scarus vetula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,vetula,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190695,Scarus flavipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,flavipectoralis,,,,,"Schultz, 1958","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008).

Records from the Andaman Sea and possibly northern Sumatra are based on misidentification of the closely related and recently described Scarus maculipinna." 190696,Sparisoma griseorubrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,griseorubrum,,,,,"Cervigón, 1982",This species is very similar to S. chrysopterum and was considered its junior synonym until genetics revealed it is a valid species (Robertson et al. 2006).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190693,Scarus collana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,collana,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190694,Scarus globiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,globiceps,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190691,Cetoscarus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cetoscarus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","The Indian and Pacific Ocean species will be recognized as Cetoscarus ocellatus (Valenciennes 1840) with the type locality in the Caroline Islands in the Central Pacific (Parenti and Randall 2000). While the Red Sea population will be recognized as Cetoscarus bicolor (Ruppell, 1829) with the type locality from Jedda (Randall and Bruce 1983). C. ocellatus at present contains the Pacific and Indian Ocean populations. These are presently considered to be conspecific. However, molecular data suggests the Indian Ocean population will be distinct with the name Cetoscarus nigropinnis (Playfair and Gunther 1867) (Ma unpublished thesis).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae." 190692,Chlorurus enneacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,enneacanthus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","This species is the sister species of C. frontalis in the western Pacific (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2010).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190689,Calotomus viridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Calotomus,viridescens,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)",This species was previously confused with C. spinidens (Bruce and Randall 1985). Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190690,Cetoscarus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Cetoscarus,bicolor,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The Red Sea population will be recognized as Cetoscarus bicolor (Ruppell 1829) with the type locality in Jedda (Randall and Bruce 1983). While the Indian and Pacific Ocean species will be Cetoscarus ocellatus (Valenciennes 1840) with the type locality in the Caroline Islands in the Central Pacific (Parenti and Randall 2000). Molecular evidence now confirms that there is separation between the Pacific and Indian Ocean populations (Ma, unpublished thesis)." 190720,Scarus coelestinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,coelestinus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","Records of this species in Brazil are to be treated as Scarus trispinosus.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190719,Chlorurus japanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,japanensis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1789)","Taxonomy of this species has seen a number of changes and is frequently referred to as C. pyrrhurus (Jordan and Seale 1906). This is a synonym. The sister species is C. capistratoides, an Indian Ocean species (Randall and Choat 1980, Choat and Randall 1986). C. sordidus is considered to be a species pair sharing a disjunct color pattern on the caudal peduncle (Smith et al. 2008).

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190718,Chlorurus perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,perspicillatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190717,Scarus rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,rivulatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190716,Scarus obishime,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,obishime,,,,,"Randall & Earle, 1993","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190715,Chlorurus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,sordidus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","The widespread species Chlorurus sordidus is now partitioned into C. sordidus (Forsskål 1775), in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean and C spilurus (Valenciennes 1840), in the Pacific and Eastern Indian Ocean based on mitochondrial sequence and morphology data (Bay et al. 2004, Randall 2010, Beck 2010). It is likely that the Red Sea population will also be distinct (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009)." 190714,Scarus fuscopurpureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,fuscopurpureus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 190713,Scarus spinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,spinus,,,,,"(Kner, 1868)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190712,Sparisoma radians,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,radians,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",The population in Fernando de Noronha are genetically distinct and probably represents a separate species (R. Robertson pers comm. 2008). Juveniles of this species are easily misidentified in Brazil as other species of Sparisoma and Nicholsina.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190711,Chlorurus bowersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Chlorurus,bowersi,,,,,"(Snyder, 1909)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae.

The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008). The sister pair C. bleekeri and C. bowersi share particularly distinctive cheek patches of green/white (C. bleekeri) to solid green/blue (C. bowersi), a double chin strap of blue, and nearly identical fin colourations (Smith et al. 2008). C. troschelii is also likely a member of this clade (Choat and Randall 1986)." 190710,Sparisoma cretense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,cretense,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190709,Scarus coeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,coeruleus,,,,,"(Edwards, 1771)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190708,Scarus quoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,quoyi,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190707,Scarus chameleon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,chameleon,,,,,"Choat & Randall, 1986","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190706,Scarus russelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,russelii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","This species is a sister species to S. fuscopurpureus and S. schlegeli (J.H. Choat pers comm. 2009). Initial phases of the three species are very similar.

Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008)." 190705,Scarus ghobban,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,ghobban,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775","There is clear evidence of genetic and morphological break between East Indian/Pacific Ocean (Cocos Keeling) and western Indian Ocean members of this species despite its historical treatment as a single, cosmopolitan. The Pacific species is now regarded as Scarus pyrrostethus (Richardson 1846, Beck 2010). It is now established that this is the only Scarus that is found in the Mediterranean (Bariche and Saad 2005, Bariche and Bernardi 2009)." 190687,Calotomus zonarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Calotomus,zonarchus,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190688,Calotomus carolinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Calotomus,carolinus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190685,Calotomus spinidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Calotomus,spinidens,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 190686,Calotomus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Calotomus,japonicus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. 16084525,Oropodisma chelmosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,chelmosi,,,,,"Uvarov, 1942", 63571,Bolbometopon muricatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Bolbometopon,muricatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 183813,Nicholsina denticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Nicholsina,denticulata,,,,,"(Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917)", 183468,Scarus compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,compressus,,,,,"(Osburn & Nichols, 1916)", 154706,Scarus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,dubius,,,,,"Bennett, 1828", 154677,Scarus festivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,festivus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 154960,Scarus oviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,oviceps,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 183839,Scarus perrico,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,perrico,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 154676,Scarus prasiognathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,prasiognathos,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 155290,Scarus schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,schlegeli,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1861)", 154971,Scarus viridifucatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,viridifucatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1956)", 154780,Siphonognathus beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Siphonognathus,beddomei,,,,,"(Johnston, 1885)","There has been a suggested taxonomic rearrangement of Siphonognathus to split the genus into two genera (Sheardichthys and Parodax) on the basis of the type species S. argyrophanes only should retain the genus Siphonoganthus as it is morphologically distinct from the other five species of Siphonoganthus, which should be placed in Sheardichthys (Kuiter pers comm. 2010)." 155292,Sparisoma strigatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Sparisoma,strigatum,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 39953,Aotus zonalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,zonalis,,,,,"Goldman, 1914","It is doubtful that the current taxonomy provides a true picture of the diversity of the genus Aotus. Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) reported that cytogenetic studies have characterized 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. The taxonomy of the night monkeys essentially follows the revision by Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms.

Reviewing the entire taxonomy and distributions of the night monkeys, Aotus, Ford (1994) carried out multivariate analyses of craniodental measures and pelage patterns and colour, and also took into consideration chromosomal data and blood protein variations. Ford (1994) concluded that there was “good support” for just two species north of the Río Amazonas: A. trivirgatus (Humboldt, 1812) east and north of the Rio Negro, and the polymorphic A. vociferans to the west of the Rio Negro. Aotus vociferans, as such, would include all the forms north of the Río Amazonas/Solimões in Brazil (west of the Rio Negro), Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, and in the Chocó, northern Colombia and Colombian Andes, and Panama: brumbacki, lemurinus, griseimembra, and zonalis.

Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) restricted both lemurinus (Colombian Andes, elevations from 1,000 to 1500 m up to 3,000–3,200 m) and griseimembra (northern lowlands, Santa Marta mountains, west to Río Sinú, Río San Jorge, lower Río Cauca and lowlands of middle and upper Río Magdalena) to Colombia, while recognizing the form zonalis as the night monkey of north-western Colombia (Chocó) and Panama. Hershkovitz (1983) recognized lemurinus and griseimembra as distinct, but considered them to be subspecies of a single species; he made no mention of the name zonalis, but as he ascribed Central American night monkeys to A. lemurinus lemurinus, by implication he was regarding it as a synonym of this latter form. Groves (2001) followed Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) in recognizing zonalis as the form in Panama, and listed it as a subspecies of lemurinus along with griseimembra and brumbacki Hershkovitz, 1983. Defler et al. (2001) concluded that the karyotype of Aotus hershkovitzi Ramirez-Cerquera, 1983 (from the upper Río Cusiana, Boyacá, Colombia; 2n = 58) was in fact that of true lemurinus, and that the karyotypes which Hershkovitz (1983) had considered to be those of lemurinus were in fact of zonalis. Defler et al. (2001) and others (Defler 2003, 2004; Defler and Bueno 2003) concluded that Aotus lemurinus of Hershkovitz (1983) is in fact three karyotypically well-defined species, and that the night monkeys of the lowlands of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia belong to the species A. zonalis, and those of the Magdalena valley to A. griseimembra, while those above altitudes of 1500m should correctly be referred to as A. lemurinus. For a review of the taxonomy of the night monkeys of Panama and northern Colombia see Rylands et al. (2006).

Defler and Bueno (2007) discussed the karyology of the grey-necked night monkeys and reaffirmed the validity of A. brumbacki, A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans and A. zonalis." 1808,Aotus lemurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,lemurinus,,,,,"I. Geoffroy, 1846","The taxonomy of night monkeys (Aotus spp.) has been debated and still does not provide a complete picture of the diversity of the genus Aotus. Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) reported that cytogenetic studies have characterised 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. The taxonomy of the night monkeys essentially followed the early revision by Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms. Recent molecular studies have made valuable contributions towards the understanding of night monkeys taxonomy and phylogenetic relations (Plautz et al.2009; Menezes et al. 2010).

Reviewing the entire taxonomy and distributions of the night monkeys, Aotus, Ford (1994) carried out multivariate analyses of craniodental measures and pelage patterns and color, and also took into consideration chromosomal data and blood protein variations. Ford (1994) concluded that there was “good support” for just two species north of the Río Amazonas: A. trivirgatus (Humboldt, 1812) east and north of the Rio Negro, and the polymorphic A. vociferans to the west of the Rio Negro. Aotus vociferans, as such, would include all the forms north of the Río Amazonas/Solimões in Brazil (west of the Rio Negro), Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, and in the Chocó, northern Colombia and Colombian Andes, and Panama: brumbacki, lemurinus, griseimembra, and zonalis.

Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) restricted both lemurinus (Colombian Andes, elevations from 1,000 to 1,500 m up to 3,000–3,200 m) and griseimembra (northern lowlands, Santa Marta mountains, west to Río Sinú, Río San Jorge, lower Río Cauca and lowlands of middle and upper Río Magdalena) to Colombia, while recognizing the form zonalis as the night monkey of north-western Colombia (Chocó) and Panama. Hershkovitz (1983) recognized lemurinus and griseimembra as distinct, but considered them to be subspecies of a single species; he made no mention of the name zonalis, but as he ascribed Central American night monkeys to A. lemurinus lemurinus, by implication he was regarding it as a synonym of this latter form. Groves (2001) followed Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) in recognizing zonalis as the form in Panama, and listed it as a subspecies of lemurinus along with griseimembra and brumbacki Hershkovitz, 1983. Defler et al. (2001) concluded that the karyotype of Aotus hershkovitzi Ramirez-Cerquera, 1983 (from the upper Río Cusiana, Boyacá, Colombia; 2n = 58) was in fact that of true lemurinus, and that the karyotypes which Hershkovitz (1983) had considered to be those of lemurinus were in fact of zonalis. Defler et al. (2001) and others (Defler 2003, 2004; Defler and Bueno 2003) concluded that Aotus lemurinus of Hershkovitz (1983) is in fact three karyotypically well-defined species, and that the night monkeys of the lowlands of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia belong to the species A. zonalis, and those of the Magdalena valley to A. griseimembra, while those above altitudes of 1,500 m should correctly be referred to as A. lemurinus. For a review of the taxonomy of the night monkeys of Panama and northern Colombia see Rylands et al. (2006).

Defler and Bueno (2007) discussed the karyology of the grey-necked night monkeys and reaffirmed the validity of A. brumbacki, A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans and A. zonalis." 39915,Aotus brumbacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,brumbacki,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1983","It is doubtful that the current taxonomy provides a true picture of the diversity of the genus Aotus. Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) reported that cytogenetic studies have characterized 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. The taxonomy of the night monkeys essentially follows the revision by Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms.

Reviewing the entire taxonomy and distributions of the night monkeys, Aotus, Ford (1994) carried out multivariate analyses of craniodental measures and pelage patterns and colour, and also took into consideration chromosomal data and blood protein variations. Ford (1994) concluded that there was “good support” for just two species north of the Río Amazonas: A. trivirgatus (Humboldt, 1812) east and north of the Rio Negro, and the polymorphic A. vociferans to the west of the Rio Negro. Aotus vociferans, as such, would include all the forms north of the Río Amazonas/Solimões in Brazil (West of the Rio Negro), Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, and in the Chocó, northern Colombia and Colombian Andes, and Panama: brumbacki, lemurinus, griseimembra and zonalis.

Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) restricted both lemurinus (Colombian Andes, elevations from 1,000 to 1,500 m up to 3,000–3,200 m) and griseimembra (northern lowlands, Santa Marta mountains, West to Río Sinú, Río San Jorge, lower Río Cauca and lowlands of middle and upper Río Magdalena) to Colombia, while recognizing the form zonalis as the night monkey of north-western Colombia (Chocó) and Panama. Hershkovitz (1983) recognized lemurinus and griseimembra as distinct, but considered them to be subspecies of a single species; he made no mention of the name zonalis, but as he ascribed Central American night monkeys to A. lemurinus lemurinus, by implication he was regarding it as a synonym of this latter form. Groves (2001) followed Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) in recognizing zonalis as the form in Panama, and listed it as a subspecies of lemurinus along with griseimembra and brumbacki Hershkovitz, 1983. Defler et al. (2001) concluded that the karyotype of Aotus hershkovitzi Ramirez-Cerquera, 1983 (from the upper Río Cusiana, Boyacá, Colombia; 2n = 58) was in fact that of true lemurinus, and that the karyotypes which Hershkovitz (1983) had considered to be those of lemurinus were in fact of zonalis. Defler et al. (2001) and others (Defler 2003, 2004; Defler and Bueno 2003) concluded that Aotus lemurinus of Hershkovitz (1983) is in fact three karyotypically well-defined species, and that the night monkeys of the lowlands of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia belong to the species A. zonalis, and those of the Magdalena valley to A. griseimembra, while those above altitudes of 1,500 m should correctly be referred to as A. lemurinus. For a review of the taxonomy of the night monkeys of Panama and northern Colombia see Rylands et al. (2006).

Defler and Bueno (2007) discuss the karyology of the Gray-necked Night Monkeys and reaffirm the validity of A. brumbacki, A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans and A. zonalis." 41546,Alouatta sara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,sara,,,,,"Elliot, 1910","Hill (1962) and Stanyon et al. (1995) listed nine subspecies of the Red Howler Monkey (Alouatta seniculus): A. s. seniculus, A. s. arctoidea, A. s. stramineus, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. insulanus, A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, A. s. puruensis, and A. s. sara.

Alouatta seniculus sara is now recognized as a full species following Minezawa et al. (1985; see also Stanyon et al. 1995; Groves 2001, 2005)." 914,Alouatta pigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,pigra,,,,,"Lawrence, 1933","Lawrance (1933) originally recognized the howlers from Belize, north and eastern Guatemala and the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, as to distinct taxa, within Aloutta palliata (A. p. pigra and A. p. luctuosa). Regarding A. p. pigra she mentioned “The differences, however, are so definite that they unquestionably indicate a separate subspecies; indeed, if it were not for the form found at Mountain Cow [A. p. luctuosa] which seems to be intermediate between this and typical A. p. palliata, one might be justified in calling it a distinct species” (Lawrance 1933, p. 334). Smith (1970) analysed pelage coloration patterns, and cranial and dental features of 238 specimens from across the range of A. palliata (including those studied by Lawrence, 1933) and compared them with a population sample of two sympatric forms of howler monkeys from the state of Tabasco, Mexico. He determined that the two (partially sympatric) forms from his sample constituted two well-differentiated species, and thus recommended A. pigra to be considered full species and separated from A. palliata. He considered A. p. luctuosa Lawrence, 1933 as junior synonym of A. pigra. Most authors have considered A. pigra as the single species of Black howler in Central America (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005; Rylands et al. 2006). Napier (1976) discussed that A. pigra was in fact A. villosa (Gray 1845), and Brandon-Jones (2006) argued that Alouatta pigra Lawrence, 1933 is a junior synonym. However, due to the poor condition of the type specimen of A. villosa, the lack of compelling evidence (genetic or otherwise) to ensure that this is in fact the same taxon as A. pigra, and in pro of taxonomic stability, Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015a) continue to call this taxon A. pigra until further studies are completed. Using mtDNA markers, Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2003) confirmed that A. palliata and A. pigra comprise reciprocally monophyletic groups, justifying their separation into distinct species. Nonetheless, as pointed out by Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015a) “the validity of A. pigra luctuosa from the Cayo District in Belize has yet to be evaluated with genetic data.”" 39961,Ateles hybridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Ateles,hybridus,,,,,"I. Geoffroy, 1829","The taxonomy of spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) is based on Kellogg and Goldman´s (1944) seminal review, and more recently complemented by morphological and molecular analysis of Froehlich et al. (1991), Collins and Dubach (2000), Nieves et al. (2005) and Morales-Jimenez et al. (2015). In all studies, brown spider monkeys (Ateles hybridus I. Geoffroy, 1829) form a monophyletic clade, justifying full species status following the molecular studies conducted by Collins (1999) and Collins and Dubach (2000). These studies found that brown spider monkeys form an ancient clade within the spider monkeys, separated from white-bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) approximately 3 mya. This classification was reinforced by Nieves et al. (2005) using chromosomal and molecular markers. Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1989) and Defler (2004) argued for the validity of two distinct forms: brunneus Gray, 1872 from the western bank of the Magdalena River, and hybridus from the eastern bank of the Magdalena River in Colombia and Venezuela. Nonetheless, recent molecular studies using two mitochondrial markers suggest that there has been substantial gene flow between both populations and that both taxa do not represent monophyletic clades (Link et al. 2015). Thus, brown spider monkeys are currently considered a single taxon without subspecific divisions." 19824,Leontocebus tripartitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,tripartitus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1878)","Based on a multi-locus phylogeny and a biogeographic analysis, Buckner and collaborators (2014) divided the genus Saguinus into two: the small-bodied tamarins Leontocebus, and the large-bodied tamarins Saguinus. As the golden-mantle saddleback tamarin is a small-bodied tamarin, its current genus is Leontocebus. Hershkovitz (1977) regarded this species as a subspecies of L. fuscicollis. Thorington (1988) concluded that the form tripartitus occurs on the right bank of the lower Río Napo where it would be sympatric with L. lagonotus (also previously regarded as a subspecies of L. fuscicollis) and, consequently, that it was a distinct species. However, there is still no evidence that it is actually sympatric with L. lagonotus. Rylands et al. (1993, 2000, 2011) and Groves (2001, 2005) listed it as a species, but a re-evaluation of the evidence for its distribution indicates that both Hershkovitz (1977) and Thorington (1988) may have been wrong (Heymann 2000; Rylands et al. 2010.), and sympatry between L. lagonotus and L. tripartitus has yet to be confirmed." 39945,Leontocebus nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,nigricollis,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","Saguinus n. graellsi is listed as a full species by Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) and Defler (1994), on the basis that it is sympatric with a population of S. nigricollis in the region of Puerto Leguízamo in southern Colombia. Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1991) listed it as a subspecies of S. nigricollis, agreeing with Hershkovitz (1977). It was listed as a distinct species by Groves (2001, 2005) following the supposition of its sympatry with S. n. nigricollis. However, Defler (2003, 2004) has indicated that the occurrence of S. n. nigricollis north of the Rio Putumayo is doubtful. Based on a multi-locus phylogeny and a biogeographic analysis, Buckner and collaborators (2014) divided the genus Saguinus into two: the small-bodied tamarins Leontocebus, and the large-bodied tamarins Saguinus; this species belongs to the small-bodied tamarins (Leontocebus). " 39912,Mico leucippe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,leucippe,,,,,"(Thomas, 1922)","Formerly this species was in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) leucippe.

It is similar to Mico argentatus, predominantly white, but with tail and feet pale gold. The face and ears are largely unpigmented (Hershkovitz 1977). The taxonomy here follows Rylands (2012)." 39911,Mico intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,intermedius,,,,,"(Hershkovitz, 1977)","Formerly in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) intermedius. 
Mico intermedius is similar to M. melanurus by the distinct pale thigh stripe, similarly coloured hindquarters, dark crown (just a little paler than melanurus), but lacks the ear-tuft (it has a rudimentary tuft from only behind the pinna and not the well-developed tuft from within and around the pinna as in humeralifer). The face is variably depigmented (some individuals have quite dark-greyish faces), the forequarters are paler, and varying parts of the tail are pale off-white rather than black (Hershkovitz 1977)." 39913,Mico nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,nigriceps,,,,,"(Ferrari & Lopes, 1992)","Formerly this species was in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) nigriceps.

This marmoset is darker than Mico emiliae, described by Vivo (1985) from adjacent Rondônia, but differs in the pigmentation of face and ears, pheomelanisation of the forelimbs, mantle and ventrum, a brown rather than grey dorsum, an orange to russet colouration of the posterior limbs, and pale hips and upper thighs (Ferrari 2008).

Alperin (1995) argued that Mico nigriceps (Ferrari and Lopes 1992) and “Mico emiliae” from Rondônia belong to the same species.

This work follows Rylands (2012)." 11505,Leontopithecus chrysopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontopithecus,chrysopygus,,,,,"(Mikan, 1823)","The lion tamarins, Leontopithecus spp., are listed as separate species following Della Serra (1951), Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho (1984), Snowdon et al. (1986), Mittermeier et al. (1988), Natori (1989) and Rylands et al. (1993). Leontopithecus chrysopygus and L. chrysomelas have been listed as subspecies of L. rosalia by Coimbra-Filho (1969), Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier (1972, 1973), Hershkovitz (1977), Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho (1981), Forman et al. (1986) and Seuánez et al. (1988), the latter two publications on the basis of identical chromosome morphologies. Coimbra-Filho (1990) has suggested that L. caissara was a subspecies of L. chrysopygus, which was not supported neither morphologically (Burity et al. 1999) nor molecularly (Perez-Sweeney et al. 2008). A molecular phylogeny recovered three obvious clades: L. chrysomelas, L. caissara and L. chrysopygus / L. rosalia, where L. chrysomelas is the first to diverge from the other three (Perez-Sweeney et al. 2008). Here we follow the taxonomy proposed by Rylands (2012)." 19839,Saimiri vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Saimiri,vanzolinii,,,,,"Ayres, 1985","Saimiri vanzolinii Ayres 1985 was described based on 13 specimens collected at the confluence of the Solimões and Japurá rivers and deposited in the Museum of Zoology at the University of São Paulo. The type locality is the northern shore of Lake Mamirauá, Amazonas, Brazil. Ayres (1985) allocated S. vanzolinii in the species group ""Saimiri boliviensis"" (Roman group), based on the taxonomic arrangement of Hershkovitz (1984). Saimiri vanzolinii was referred by Hershkovitz (1987) as a subspecies of S. boliviensis. Although no specimen was examined, Costello et al. (1993), based on the data described by Ayres (1985), considered S. vanzolinii as a junior synonym of S. sciureus. All subsequent authors followed Ayres (1985), considering S. vanzolinii as a valid species. Lynch Alfaro et al. (2015) analysed biogeographical and mitochondrial molecular data for the genus and concluded that S. vanzolinii is a valid species. More recently, Mercês (2018) performed an extensive morphological review of museum specimens of Saimiri species from throughout the Amazon basin; she also employed RAD-seq to sequence nuclear genomic markers to construct a Saimiri phylogeny. The nuclear genetic and morphological analyses by Mercês (2018) both provide strong evidence to place Saimiri vanzolinii as a distinct taxon and the sister species to Saimiri boliviensis. 
" 19836,Saimiri oerstedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Saimiri,oerstedii,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1872)","Saimiri taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1984) and Groves (2001, 2005). An alternative taxonomy is presented by Thorington Jr. (1985) as follows: S. sciureus sciureus (includes the forms albigena, macrodon, and ustus recognized by Hershkovitz, [1984]), S. sciureus boliviensis (includes the forms pluvialis Lönnberg, 1940 and jaburuensis Lönnberg, 1940 recognized by Hershkovitz [1987]), S. sciureus cassiquiarensis, S. sciureus oerstedii (includes the form citrinellus recognized by Hershkovitz [1984]), and S. madeirae (given as a junior synonym of S. ustus by Hershkovitz [1984]). Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1989) recognize S. sciureus caquetensis Allen 1916, given as a junior synonym of S. sciureus macrodon by Hershkovitz (1984). Costello et al. (1993) argued for the recognition of just two species: S. sciureus in South America, and S. oerstedii in Panama and Costa Rica. Boinski and Cropp (1999) using two nuclear genes (IRBP and ZFX) and one mitochondrial (D-Loop) strongly support the Hershkovitz (1984) taxonomy, advocating four distinct species: Saimiri sciureus, S. boliviensis, S. oerstedii and S. ustus.

See Rylands et al. (2006) for a discussion of the taxonomy of the Central American squirrel monkeys." 39826,Pygathrix nemaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Pygathrix,nemaeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)","There is a single record of a hybrid Red-shanked Douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) X Grey-shanked Douc (P. cinerea) in northeastern Cambodia (Rawson and Roos 2008). Current knowledge of the zones of transition between the three douc taxa is unclear, with limited information mostly based on brief field views (Timmins and Duckworth 1999, Nadler et al. 2004, Rawson and Roos 2008). There may be a zone in Viet Nam with sympatry (and possibly hybridization) between the three taxa (Lippold et al. 2011). Both Black-shanked Douc (P. nigripes) and Grey-shanked Douc were previously considered conspecific with Red-shanked Douc" 39827,Pygathrix cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Pygathrix,cinerea,,,,,"Nadler, 1997","In the past this taxon has been considered either a subspecies of Pygathrix nemaeus, or a hybrid of P. nemaeus and P. nigripes (Nadler 1995). Other studies on the genetics of doucs show that P. cinerea and P. nemaeus are sister taxa (Roos and Nadler 2001). There is strong evidence that this taxon hybridizes with Red-shanked Doucs (P. nemaeus) in a small sympatric distribution area of Quang Nam Province (Nadler 1997) and possibly in northeast Cambodia (Rawson and Roos 2008)." 39832,Semnopithecus entellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,entellus,,,,,"(Dufresne, 1797)","

Monotypic. Show wide variation in coat colouration across their distribution but little genetic variation. Semnopithecus entellus sport the ‘Northern Type’ tail carriage, looped in the front. The tail either touches the back or falls on either side of the body.

" 167543916,Semnopithecus hypoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,hypoleucos,,,,,"Blyth, 1841","This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of Semnopithecus entellus. Recent investigations by Brandon-Jones seemed to indicate the S. hypoleucos population as part of S. dussumieri (Molur et al. 2003, Brandon-Jones 2004). Some experts believe this species to be merely a natural hybrid between Nilgiri Langur (Trachypithecus johnii) and S. dussumieri (Molur et al. 2003). Recent papers by Nag et al. (2011, 2014) and Ashalakshmi et al. (2014) recognizes S. hypoleucos as a distinct species with three recognized subspecies achates, iulus, and hypoleucos. A fourth subspecies aeneas after Pocock (1939) and Hill (1939) is also recognized." 39837,Semnopithecus hector,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,hector,,,,,"(Pocock, 1928)","This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of Semnopithecus entellus. Groves (2001) and Brandon-Jones (2004) consider S. hector as a separate species with an extensive distribution through the juxta-Himalayan stretch, from Nepal through to India. Genetic studies might suggest further revision. " 39840,Semnopithecus schistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,schistaceus,,,,,"Hodgson, 1840","This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of S. entellus.  The other two species lania and achilles described by Elliot (1909) and Pocock (1928), respectively are considered junior synonyms of Semnopithecus schistaceus by Groves (2001), as first postulated by Napier (1985)." 167546892,Semnopithecus priam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,priam,,,,,"Blyth, 1844","Semnopithecus priam is here provisionally treated as a polytypic species including two recognized subspecies: S. p. priam and S. p. thersites (Brandon-Jones 2004, Groves 2005). However, limited evidence suggests that there are consistent differences between the two taxa, which may necessitate recognition of the two forms as distinct species (C. Groves pers. comm.). Recent publication by Name et al. (2011, 2014) and Ashalakshmi et al. (2014) delineates S. prima into two subspecies in southern India, viz., S. p. anchises, S. p. priam, and the Sri Lankan population as S. p. thersites." 39833,Semnopithecus ajax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,ajax,,,,,"(Pocock, 1928)","This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of Semnopithecus entellus (Molur et al. 2003).

Pocock described the species in 1928 as Pithecus entellus ajax. In his 1939 review, W.C.O. Hill subsumed the taxon as a subspecies of S. schistaceus. Brandon-Jones (2004) followed with designating ajax as a subspecies of entellus. Within the group, at a same place fur coloration might change based on age and hierarchy, for example subadults fur is slightly whiter than an adult which is greyish but this needs to be studied further." 13508501,Rhinopithecus strykeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Rhinopithecus,strykeri,,,,,"Geissmann, Ngwe Lwin, Saw Soe Aung, Thet Naing Aung, Zin Myo Aung, Tony Htin Hla, Grindley & Momberg, 2011","

This is a recently described species of Snub-nosed Monkey from the high altitudes of northeastern Kachin state, northeastern Myanmar. Descriptions are based on a skin and skulls of four specimens obtained from local hunters. The new species is geographically isolated from other Snub-nosed Monkeys and separated from them by two major barriers the Mekong and the Salween (Thanlwin) rivers.

It is closely related to Rhinopithecus bieti

" 19597,Rhinopithecus bieti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Rhinopithecus,bieti,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1897",Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) also treats this as a distinct species but under the genus <Pygathrix. There is now good support to keep it in Rhinopithecus see Novak (1999). 19594,Rhinopithecus avunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Rhinopithecus,avunculus,,,,,"(Dollman, 1912)",This species was formerly considered to be in the genus Pygathrix. 5145,Colobus satanas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Colobus,satanas,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1838","Grubb et al. (2003) list two subspecies: Colobus satanas satanas from Bioko, and C. s. anthracinus from the mainland.

Groves (2001, 2007) listed Colobus satanas anthracinus from Gabon (see Gautier-Hion et al. 1999) as a junior synonym of Colobus satanas (which occurs on Bioko Island). Groves (2005) and Grubb et al. (2003), however, listed it as a valid subspecies. Oates et al. (2000) found that the loud calls (roar pulse rate) of the two forms were significantly distinct (lower in C. s. satanas)." 5143,Colobus guereza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Colobus,guereza,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835","The subspecies classification of C. guereza remains unresolved (Grubb et al. 2003). This species account provisionally follows the arrangement of Groves (2001), Grubb et al. (2003), and Fashing and Oates (2013) in recognising seven subspecies. C. caudatus is now treated as a species (Butynski and de Jong 2018)." 5144,Colobus polykomos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Colobus,polykomos,,,,,"(E.A.W. Zimmermann, 1780)","Booth (1954), Oates and Trocco (1983), Groves et al. (1993), Groves (2001) and Grubb et al. (2003) considered Dollman’s Black-and-White Colobus monkey, Colobus polykomos dollmani Schwarz, 1927, from areas between the Sassandra and Bandama Rivers in Western Côte d’Ivoire to be a hybrid of C. vellerosus × C. polykomos. Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) and Grubb et al. (2003) listed dollmani as a junior synonym of C. vellerosus. The question of the validity or otherwise of this form was raised by Gonedelé Bi et al. (2006) who, carried out surveys in 2003–2004 in three forest reserves and Marahoué National Park in search of Colobus polykomos dollmani between the Sassandra and Bandama Rivers and found just one group in Bolo Forest Reserve. But reviewing the evidence, Oates and McGraw (2009) opined that dollmani is a Colobus polykomos x Colobus vellerosus hybrid and should not be considered as a subspecies. Gonedelé Bi et al. (2014) subsequently conducted a survey in 2012 in the same region, but Bolo-Dassiéko-Niégré complex had been converted into a cocoa plantation. They found one group in Grébouo I Forest Grove, which is in close proximity to Bolo, where they found that the monkeys had a similar pelage as Colobus vellerosus, but in one vocal aspect, they were similar to Colobus polykomos. However, modest vocal data analysed by these authors produced more complex results. In one parameter (duration), the roar was similar to Colobus vellerosus; whereas it was more similar to Colobus polykomos than to Colobus vellerosus in the number of roars or subunit calls. Hence, Gonedelé Bi et al. (2014) were reluctant to draw definitive conclusions based on vocalisations." 5142,Colobus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Colobus,angolensis,,,,,"P. Sclater, 1860","This account follows the taxonomic arrangement of Groves (2001), Grubb et al. (2003) and Bocian and Anderson (2013) in recognition of subspecies, with the exception of Colobus angolensis sharpei which is here reinstated as a subspecies based on new molecular evidence (McDonald and Hamilton 2010)." 4225,Cercopithecus petaurista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,petaurista,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)",Two subspecies are recognised: Cercopithecus petaurista petaurista to the east and C. p. buettikoferi to the west of the Cavally River on the Liberia-Côte d’Ivoire border (Oates 2011). This species belongs to the Cercopithecus cephus group. 4229,Cercopithecus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,sclateri,,,,,"Pocock, 1904", 4218,Cercopithecus erythrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,erythrotis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1838","Grubb et al. (2003) and Groves (2005) both recognise two subspecies: Cercopithecus erythrotis camerunensis (from between the Cross/Benue and Sanaga Rivers), and C. e. erythrotis (endemic to Bioko)." 4217,Cercopithecus erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,erythrogaster,,,,,"Gray, 1866",Groves (2001) and Grubb et al. (2003) recognize two subspecies: Cercopithecus erythrogaster erythrogaster and C. e. pococki. It belongs to the Cercopithecus cephus species group. 4222,Cercopithecus mona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,mona,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)","Monotypic species. It belongs to the Cercopithecus mona superspecies." 4223,Cercopithecus neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,neglectus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1876", 4212,Cercopithecus ascanius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,ascanius,,,,,"(Audebert, 1799)","Kingdon (1997), Grubb et al. (2003), Groves (2005), and Cords and Sarmiento (2013) recognise five subspecies: C. a. ascanius, C. a. atrinasus, C. a. katangae, C. a. schmidti and C. a. whitesidei." 12563,Macaca tonkeana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,tonkeana,,,,,"(Meyer, 1899)","

This species hybridizes with Macaca ochreata, M. maura and M. hecki in areas where their ranges overlap (Groves 2001). Molecular research did not find evidence that the so-called ""Balantak Macaque"" from the Togean Islands constitutes a distinct species, but it did indicate that the western and eastern populations are genetically distinct, and therefore, should be managed separately  (Evans et al. 2001).


" 12562,Macaca thibetana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,thibetana,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1870)","Several subspecies have been recognized (Groves 2005), although Groves (2001) treated the species as monotypic. No subspecies are evaluated here, pending a revision of the taxon." 12568,Macaca nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,nigrescens,,,,,"(Temminck, 1849)","This species was once considered a subspecies of Macaca nigra. It is believed to hybridize with M. nigra on the western side of Mount Padang, and with M. hecki east of the Bolango River and near Bolaangitang (Groves 2001). In 1969, J. Fooden found substantial difference between M. nigra and M. nigrescens to classify each as a separate species. There were no intergradations found then. In 1980, Groves saw intergradations in the ‘zone of intergradation’ between M. nigra and M. nigrescens on the western tip of Bogani Nani Wartabone (formerly Dumoga Bone) National Park in the downstream region of Onggak Dumoga River, therefore placing M. nigrescens as subspecies of nominate M. nigra. Corbett and Hill (1992), in the review of The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region, followed Groves’ 1980 classification scheme. However, in 2001 Groves reviewed the classification, readdressing the previous schemes and redressing M. nigra and M. nigrescens. Despite the genetic and morphological similarity, the macaques are considered distinct and as members of the silenus group of macaques." 136569,Macaca munzala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,munzala,,,,,"Madhusudan & Mishra, 2005","Morphology, genetics and taxonomic variation in northeastern Indian macaques, including this taxon, is very poorly known (Sinha et al. 2006a, Chakraborty et al. 2007). Further taxonomic research is required in order to better understand its relationship to Macaca assamensis and M. thibetana." 12570,Macaca hecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,hecki,,,,,"(Matschie, 1901)","

This species hybridizes with Macaca tonkeana and possibly with M. nigrescens in areas where their ranges overlap (Bynum 1995). These hybrid zones, however, appear to be disappearing owing to human encroachment (M. Richardson pers. comm.). Mitochondrial DNA studies suggest sister relationship with M. nemestrina, M. nigrescens, M. nigra, and M. tonkeana. (Evans et al. 1999)

" 39795,Macaca siberu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,siberu,,,,,"Fuentes & Olson, 1995","

Siberut Macaques were initially thought to be a subspecies of the southern pigtail macaque - Macaca nemestrina pagensis (Fooden 1975) and then of the Mentawai/Pagai macaque of the southern Mentawai Islands - M. pagensis siberu (Fuentes and Olson 1995). More recently, genetic and morphological studies led to their classification as a distinct species (Kitchener & Groves 2002, Roos et al. 2003), showing that this primate is more closely related to M. nemestrina on Sumatra and Malaysia than to M. pagensis on the neighboring Mentawai Islands (Ziegler et al. 2007, Richter et al. 2013). Along with M. pagensis, M. leonina, M. nemestrina and M. silenus, it belongs to the ‘silenus group’ (Roos et al. 2003).

" 12550,Macaca cyclopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,cyclopis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1863)","Belongs to the fascicularis species group alongside Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis and M. fuscata. A drop in sea level and glacial advances c.300,000 years ago is said to have brought the species’ progenitor to the island from eastern mainland of Asia. Molecular genetic studies by Jui-Hua Chu and colleagues suggest the divergence of M.cyclopsis and M.fuscata from mainland M. mulatta to be of 0.38-0.44 million years ago." 39794,Macaca pagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,pagensis,,,,,"(Miller, 1903)","

Until relatively recently, Macaca pagensis included M. siberu (Roos et al. 2003). It is now considered a separate species from M. siberu due to genetic and morphological difference. Earlier it was considered as a subspecies of M. nemestrina until established as a separate species.

" 12549,Macaca assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,assamensis,,,,,"M'Clelland, 1840","

Two distinct subspecies are recognized apart from the Macaca assamensis population that is endemic to and found in Nepal, and which is likely in some way distinct (Chalise pers. comm). The two subspecies, M. a. assamensis and M. a. pelops, respectively occupy adjacent areas to the southeast and east of the range of M. assamensis.

This is member of sinica species group that includes M. sinica, M. radiata, M. thibetana. All members of sinica group are allopatric or parapatric, extending down south from Sri Lanka to eastern central China. The members of the group are characterized by a peculiar glans-penis, slender to the tip and 30 mm long. Two subspecies recognized: M. assamensis pelops and M. assamensis assamensis. Both the species differ in relative tail length of adult males. The Nepal form, different in colour and form could be a different subspecies.

" 12556,Macaca nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,nigra,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)","

Individuals with intermediate characteristics, presumably hybrids, have historically been seen along the border of this species' range and that of Macaca nigrescens (although this contact zone may no longer exist; Sugardjito et al. 1989). The zone of intergradation is the downstream region of the Onggak Dumoga River and Groves (1980) placed M. nigrescens as a subspecies of M. nigra. Despite the morphological and genetical similarity, M. nigra and M. nigrescens are still distinct and therefore classified as distinct species (Groves 2001). Macaca nigra belongs to the silenus group including M. pagensis, M. siberu, M. leonina, M. silenus, and M. nemestrina.

" 12554,Macaca mulatta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,mulatta,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","

This species has been revised by Fooden (2000), who regards Macaca mulatta as monotypic. The molecular differences identified among M. mulatta populations (Melnick et al. 1993; Morales and Melnick 1998; Tosi 2000; Tosi et al. 2000, 2002, 2003; Zhang and Shi 1993) are alone not consistent enough to conclusively define any subspecies.

Three subpopulation designated by molecular studies: Indian, Chinese, Indochinese (Indochinese being an introgression with M. fascicularis). Considerable hybridization with M. fascicularis in Laos, Thailand and Viet Nam and the both share an interspecific boundary of ca 2,000 km across the Indochinese peninsula in the south-east. Both M. fascicularis and M. mulatta share a range between 17°N and 14°N in Viet Nam, Laos and probably Thailand.

" 12560,Macaca sinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,sinica,,,,,"(Linneaus, 1771)","Aside from the two previously recognized forms, a third subspecies, M. s. opisthomelas, is also now also recognized by primate field biologists in Sri Lanka, which is assessed separately here. There is some inter-gradation between the three subspecies (Groves, 2001; Dittus, 2013).

The taxonomy of Macaca sinica:

The species belongs to the sinica group (Groves, 2001). Three subspecies are recognized and assessed here:

  • Macaca sinica sinica (Linnaeus, 1771)
  • Macaca sinica aurifrons (Pocock, 1931)
  • Macaca sinica opisthomelas (Hill, 1942)

In addition to the two previously recognized forms, a third subspecies, M. s. opisthomelas first described by Hill (1942), is confirmed by primate field biologists in Sri Lanka (Dittus 2013; Eisenberg and McKay 1970; Phillips 1935, 1980). It is a distinct phenotype apical in the higher elevations of the montane zone. It is not a type intermediate (in morphology or geographic distribution) between M. s. aurifrons and M. s. sinica as had been suggested by Brandon-Jones et al. (2004) and Groves (2001) following the suggestion by Fooden (1979). It was first assessed in 2003 (CAMP 2003, Molur et al. 2003, Dittus et al. 2008) and is updated here along with the other macaque subspecies. A fourth population M. s. longicaudata has been described by Deraniyagala (1965) but its status is uncertain and has been considered as a variant of M. s. sinica (Eisenberg and McKay, 1970).  There are some intergradations between the three subspecies where their respective areas of occupancy overlap (Groves, 2001).



" 12559,Macaca silenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,silenus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Macaca silenus is a member of the silenus group. The other phylogenetic sister species in this group include M. leonina, M. siberu, M. nemestrina, M. pagensis and the seven Sulawesi species.

" 12558,Macaca radiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,radiata,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1812)","

Two subspecies are recognized, distinguished on the grounds of both morphological (Macaca radiata radiata is dark bellied and M. r. diluta is pale bellied), and behavioural differences (females largely disperse between groups only in M. r. diluta, while males disperse in both the subspecies; M. Singh pers. comm.).

" 12754,Mandrillus sphinx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Mandrillus,sphinx,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Mandrillus was regarded as a subgenus of Papio by Dandelot (in Meester and Setzer 1972) and Wolfheim (1983), but recent molecular and chromosomal analyses suggest that Mandrillus is closer to the terrestrial mangabeys Cercocebus spp. (Disotell 1993, Fleagle and McGraw 2002). Two genetically distinct populations have been noted, north and south of the Ogooué River (Telfer et al. 2003). " 12753,Mandrillus leucophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Mandrillus,leucophaeus,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1807)","

Formerly placed by some in the genus Papio (Wolfheim, 1983), genetic analyses shows Mandrillus is more closely related to Cercocebus than to Papio (Disotell et al. 1992, Disotell 1994); morphological research concurs (Fleagle and McGraw 1999, McGraw and Fleagle 2006).

There are two subspecies: M. l. leucophaeus on the mainland, and M. l. poensis on Bioko (Zukowsky 1922). Grubb et al. (2003) commented that on present evidence the two forms appear very similar.

" 16019,Papio hamadryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Papio,hamadryas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Formerly includes anubis, cynocephalus, papio, and ursinus, but see Jolly (1993), Kingdon (1997) and Groves (2001) and others who recognized these as distinct species (Grubb et al. 2003). The Arabian population was formerly recognised with the name arabicus Thomas, 1900. Recent studies demonstarted Arabian hamadryas baboons migrated naturally into Arabian Peninsula via land bridges that formed periodically during glacial maxima at the straits of Bab el Mandab in the southern Red Sea (Winney et al. 2004, Kopp et al. 2014)." 40647,Papio anubis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Papio,anubis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)","

This species was previously treated as a subspecies of Papio hamadryas, but now is considered a species (Kingdon 1997, Groves 2001, 2005, Grubb et al. 2003). There are some regional differences in morphology and pelage colour, but there are no currently recognised subspecies (Zinner 2013).

Papio anubis hybridizes with P. cynocephalus in a broad clinal zone between Laikipia district to the northeast of Mont Kenya and the Lower Tana River near the Kenya coast. In that 200-km wide area, baboons are intermediate in appearance and are difficult to allocate to either species (Zinner 2013). Hybridization with P. papio is likely but has not been confirmed. Hybridization with Theropithecus gelada has been observed in the wild and even hybridization with White-naped Mangabeys (Cercocebus lunulatus) is suspected (R. Matsuda Goodwin pers. comm. 2020).

According to a review presented by Zinner (2013), P. anubis from Eritrea and Ethiopia carry maternally inherited mitochondria that are closely related to P. hamadryas mitochondria and P. anubis in Kenya and Tanzania carry mitochondria closely related to P. cynocephalus mitochondria, indicating that male introgression by P. anubis might be the major form of hybridization.

" 20229,Simias concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Simias,concolor,,,,,"Miller, 1903","

This species was formerly placed in the genus Nasalis. Recent molecular analysis suggest a close relationship between Simias and Nasalis, however, current classification still places Simias concolor in its own genus (Whittaker et al. 2006). To date, two subspecies are recognised, primarily based on slight differences in pelage colouration: S. c. concolor, which is found in Indonesia on the islands of Sipora, North Pagai, as well as South Pagai, and S. c. siberu, which is exclusively found on the island of Siberut (Miller 1903, Chasen and Kloss 1927).

" 41570,Miopithecus ogouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Miopithecus,ogouensis,,,,,"Kingdon, 1997","Machado (1969) revised the genus and clearly established the differences between Miopithecus talapoin and an unnamed species, later named by Kingdon (1997). The spelling ogouensis was used in the original description of the taxon and should therefore be retained, though it would have been preferable to have spelt it ogooueensis, because it is based on the River Ogooué (Grubb et al. 2003)." 18134,Presbytis siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,siamensis,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1841)","

The taxonomy of Presbytis siamensis is disputed and has undergone several changes. It was formerly considered a subspecies of P. femoralis (e.g. Chasen 1940) or a subspecies of P. melalophos (e.g. Oates et al. 1994). Currently it is considered a species of its own (e.g. Brandon-Jones 1984; Groves 2001; Groves and Roos 2013; Roos et al. 2014), but there remains an urgent need to clarify the taxonomy and distribution of what is now considered P. siamensis, at both the species and subspecies levels (Groves and Roos 2013).

" 18131,Presbytis rubicunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,rubicunda,,,,,"(Müller, 1838)","

Currently, five sub-species are recognised on the IUCN Red List though the basis for this split appears to be arbitrary and all must thus be listed as DD.

•      Presbytis rubicunda rubicunda

•      Presbytis rubicunda rubida

•      Presbytis rubicunda ignita

•      Presbytis rubicunda chrysea

•      Presbytis rubicunda carimatae


Subspecies are disputed as there is much inter-gradation between them, as well as variation within them. The separation is to do with the shape of the crescent and the extent of the whorl on the forehead, and the extent of black(ish) hair around the hands and feet, for the separation of P. rubida and P. rubicunda. P. chrysea and P. ignita are more obviously different because of their hair colour, moving to orange-red upwards along the north-south gradient. P. carimatae has an orange nape. Most of the justification for this split is based on pelage rather than differences in call or genetic data. These morphological subspecies are currently not supported by genetic data.

" 18132,Presbytis thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,thomasi,,,,,"(Collett, 1892)",Possibly referebale to P. comata. 39811,Presbytis melalophos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,melalophos,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)","All of the former subspecies of Presbytis melalophos are now recognised as distinct species. However, the species has colour morphs: the ‘foxy-red nobilis’, ‘less-reddish ferruginae’ and ‘golden buff aurata’, black chested, white tail tipped and the hands and feet black. A fourth form ‘fluvialtilis’ described in 1940 by N.F. Chasen of Palembang, Sumatra is also accounted for." 39815,Presbytis potenziani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,potenziani,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1856)",Presbytis potenziani is now monotypic and the former subspecies P. p. siberu is now a distinct species. 18127,Presbytis frontata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,frontata,,,,,"(Müller, 1838)","

Semnopithecus frontatus S. Muller, 1838, Indonesia, south-eastern Borneo. Restricted by L. Medway in 1965 to south eastern Kalimantan, Murung and Pulu Lampy, near Banjarmasin, Pematang, Kuala.

" 39803,Presbytis chrysomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,chrysomelas,,,,,"(Müller, 1838)","

This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of Presbytis femoralis and P. melalophos. The number of subspecies is disputed. In addition to the two generally recognized forms (Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas and P. c. cruciger) there is an additional, isolated population found only in a small area of southeastern Sarawak (Betong, Saribas; Nimong; Batang Lupar) that probably represents an as yet undescribed subspecies (Groves 2001).

" 136500,Presbytis natunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,natunae,,,,,"(Thomas & Hartet, 1894)","This species has been variously considered a subspecies of Presbytis siamensis, P. femoralis and P. melalophos." 4203,Cercocebus sanjei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercocebus,sanjei,,,,,"Mittermeier, 1986","Grubb et al. (2003) included this species in Cercocebus galeritus, but Groves (2005) and Kingdon (2001) considered it distinct." 4207,Cercocebus chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercocebus,chrysogaster,,,,,"Lydekker, 1900","Cercocebus chrysogaster is poorly known. There are no detailed studies of the species, which is documented by fewer than 20 specimens (Ehardt and Butynksi 2013). The species has alternately been assigned as a subspecies of Cercocebus agilis or Cercocebus galeritus but retained as a separate species by Groves (2005). The species range currently consists of two allopatric populations. The western population and eastern population are reported to have differences in pelage (Groves 1978). Photographs suggest that western animals are more brightly coloured than eastern animals (J. Hart unpublished data 2010). Occurrence of outliers in the original description of the species’ range may be attributed to records of captive animals that originated from other areas (Groves 1978, Gautier-Hion et al. 1999)." 4200,Cercocebus galeritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercocebus,galeritus,,,,,"Peters, 1879", 136291,Chlorocebus cynosuros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Chlorocebus,cynosuros,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","Grubb et al. (2003) treated this form as a subspecies of Cercopithecus aethiops, but it is here regarded as a distinct species, following Groves (2001, 2005) and it is now included in the genus Chlorocebus (Groves 2005, Groves and Kingdon 2013). However, because it appears to grade imperceptibly in the vervet (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) range in the northeastern, eastern and southeastern parts of its distribution, with no obvious barriers, the species’ classification is still considered problematic by some (Ansell 1978 in Sarmiento 2013 and see Sarmiento 2013 for full discussion). Generally considered monotypic, though this too requires further study." 136265,Chlorocebus sabaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Chlorocebus,sabaeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

A first comparison of the three major taxa of the Cercopithecus aethiops group, using electrophoretic polymorphism, concluded an intermediate status between subspecies and populations (Lucotte et al. 1982). The species was treated by Grubb et al. (2003) as a subspecies of C. aethiops, but here it is considered distinct. Grubb et al. (2003) retained this species in Cercopithecus, but here it is placed in Chlorocebus following Groves (2005) and Groves and Kingdon (2013).

There is a slight north-to-south gradient with regard to sexual dimorphism (males larger in the north) and colour of dorsum, which is yellower in the northern popualtions (Galat et al. 2011, Galat & Galat-Luong 2013). In the Comoé-Leraba Hunting Reserve, some individuals look like C. tantalus monkeys (A. Galat-Luong pers. obs. 2003–2006). Some individuals on the west bank of the Volta River in Ghana carry C. tantalus mitochondrial haplotypes indicating possible (human induced) hybridization (Haus et al. 2013). Evidence for ancient hybridization between the two species has been found (Svardal et al. 2017).


" 136208,Chlorocebus tantalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Chlorocebus,tantalus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1841)","Grubb et al. (2003) treated this taxon as a subspecies of C. aethiops, but it is here listed as a distinct species (see C. aethiops for further details). Kingdon (1997), Groves (2001, 2005) and Nakagawa (2013) include this taxon in Chlorocebus and recognise three subspecies: C. t. tantalus, C. t. budgetti and C. t. marrensis." 44694,Semnopithecus johnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,johnii,,,,,"(J. Fischer, 1829)","Mitochondrial DNA studies now classify Trachypithecus johnii and Trachypithecus vetlus under the genus Semnopithecus (Osterholz et al. 2008, Wang et al. 2012). Semnopithecus johnii hybridizes as a brown hybrid with Semnopithecus priam where they are parapatric." 39853,Trachypithecus francoisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,francoisi,,,,,"(Pousargues, 1898)","

There is some interbreeding of released Francois’ langurs with Trachypithecus leucocephalus south and east of the River Zuo in Guangxi, China (Groves 2001).

" 22043,Trachypithecus delacouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,delacouri,,,,,"(Osgood, 1932)","This taxon was formerly considered as a subspecies of Trachypithecus francoisi. The taxon was elevated to species level by Brandon-Jones (1984) and Groves (2001), the later conclusion being supported by molecular genetic studies (Roos 2003, 2004) and parasitological findings (May 1994)." 22044,Trachypithecus laotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,laotum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)","This taxon, here considered monotypic, was regarded in the 1960s–1990s as conspecific with Trachypithecus francoisi (Steinmetz et al. 2011). A variety of later classifications have been suggested, all based on inadequate primary information for confidence in their value. For example, Roos et al. (2007) proposed the species T. laotum to contain also the subspecies T. l. hatinhensis (with T. [auratus] ebenus as provisionally synonymous with T. l. hatinhensis). It is here considered a distinct species (as per Roos et al. 2014), though its classification in relation to T. ebenus and T. hatinhensis cannot be resolved without additional primary information." 22042,Semnopithecus vetulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Semnopithecus,vetulus,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","Mitochondrial DNA studies now classify Trachypithecus vetlus and Trachypithecus johnii under the genus Semnopithecus (Osterholz et al. 2008, Wang et al. 2012). Four subspecies of Semnopithecus vetulus are recognized, namely: vetulus, monticola, nestor, and philbricki. An additional subspecies, S. v. harti, is also recognized by some experts, but is here included as a synonym of S. v. philbricki (Groves 2001).

  • Southern Purple Faced Langur, Semnopithecus vetulus vetulus (Erxleben 1777): Southwestern Sri Lanka in the Wet Zone, from Kalu Ganga (River) to Ranna in the south up to an elevation of 1,000 m.
  • Highland Purple Faced Langur, Semnopithecus vetulus monticola (Kelaart, 1850): Central Sri Lanka (1,000-2,200 m).
  • Western Purple Faced Langur, Semnopithecus vetulus nestor (Bennett, 1833): Western Sri Lanka in the Wet Zone North of Kalu Ganga (River), up to 1,000 m elevation.
  • Northern Purple Faced Langur, Semnopithecus vetulus philbricki (Philips, 1927): Northern and Eastern Sri Lanka in the Dry Zone, up to 1,500 m.
" 39871,Trachypithecus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,poliocephalus,,,,,"(Pousargues, 1898)","Formerly considered comprising two subspecies, Trachypithecus poliocephalus poliocephalus Trouessart, 1911, and T. p. leucocephalus Tan, 1955 (Groves 2001, 2005; Roos et al. 2007), Groves (2007) and Nadler (2013a,b) considered leucocephalus to be a full species (Roos et al. 2014). Now, T. poliocephalus (formerly T. p. poliocephalus) is a monotypic species" 22035,Trachypithecus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,cristatus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)","This was formerly part of Semnopithecus cristatus, but it is not clear what the current concept includes. It may or may not have been partially included within Trachypithecus auratus cristatus, which is confined to Indonesia according to D. Brandon-Jones. Ardith Eudey (in litt. 2000) believes that he may have assigned the remainder of the species to T. obscurus." 41554,Trachypithecus barbei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,barbei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)","Despite a confusing history of taxonomic classification (Khajuria and Agrawal 1979), a recent genetic study supports the classification of Trachypithecus barbei as a monotypic species distinct from the similar, and closely related, T. obscurus (Geissmann et al. 2004, Osterholz et al. 2008). Evidently, there are a few rather well-defined morphs associated with this species, though no actual subspecies. Two morphs are identified in this species namely the silvery argenteus and ashy-grey holotephreus. T. barbei is of the obscurus-group which includes T. obscurus, T. crepusculus and T. phayrei. It is sympatric with T. germaini." 22039,Trachypithecus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,obscurus,,,,,"(Reid, 1837)","

Seven subspecies are currently recognized: Trachypithecus obscurus carbo, T. o. flavicauda, T. o. halonifer, T. o. obscurus, T. o. sanctorum, T. o. seimundi, and T. o. styx. It may be that the blackish insular subspecies (carbo, halonifer, seimundi, styx) represent a distinct taxon which has been entirely replaced on the mainland by the contrastingly toned T. obscurus.

" 22037,Trachypithecus geei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,geei,,,,,"Khajuria, 1956","Wangchuk et al. (2003) described a new subspecies, Trachypithecus geei bhutanensis, from Bhutan in the north of the range, with T. g. geei occurring in the south, the two taxa being separated by the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) of the Indian plate hitting into the Himalayas (Bhargava 1997). However, T. g. bhutanensis is not recognised here as a valid subspecies, as it has not been described according to ICZN rules." 39869,Trachypithecus shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,shortridgei,,,,,"Wroughton, 1915","Originally included in Trachypithecus pileatus, T. shortridgei was recognised as a separate species by Groves (2001)." 136791,Rungwecebus kipunji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Rungwecebus,kipunji,,,,,"(Ehardt, Butynski, Jones & Davenport, 2005)","Africa's most recently discovered (2003) and described (2006) genus of monkey (Davenport et al. 2006). Originally allocated to the genus Lophocebus (Jones et al. 2005), but later placed in the monotypic genus Rungwecebus by Davenport et al. (2006) on the basis of molecular and morphological data. The genus to which R. kipunji belongs was questioned by Ehardt and Butynski (2006), but considerable further evidence supports the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of Rungwecebus (Olson et al. 2008, Roberts et al. 2009). The evolutionary implications of Rungwecebus being a sister taxon to Papio are considerable (Olson et al. 2008, Davenport 2013)." 136214,Sciurocheirus gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Sciurocheirus,gabonensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1863)","Groves (2005) listed this taxon as Galago gabonensis, but it is retained here in Sciurocheirus following Grubb et al. (2003). The undescribed form located in the area of Foret des Abeilles near Makande, Gabon (Ambrose 2003) is now described as S. makandensis (Ambrose 2013) and assessed separately." 8265,Euoticus elegantulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Euoticus,elegantulus,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1857)","Grubb et al. (2003) state that there might be more than two subspecies of Euoticus elegantulus, of which the form south of the Ogooue River has not yet been named. Taxonomy reviewed in Ambrose (2013)." 40652,Paragalago rondoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Paragalago,rondoensis,,,,,"(Honess in Kingdon, 1997)","

First collected from sites in SE Tanzania (near Newala, Makonde Plateau, in 1953, and Rondo Plateau in 1955) and provisionally identified by R.W. Hayman (in litt.) as Demidoff’s galago Galago demidovii and later Galago demidovii orinus (Jenkins 1987, Honess 1996) due to its small size and morphology. First recognised and described as a species, based on differences in vocalisations and morphology by Honess and Bearder (1996) and subsequently accepted by Groves (2001) and Grubb et al. (2003).

A phylogenetic analysis of the lorisiform primates by Pozzi et al. (2015) showed that Galagoides demidoff and G. thomasi comprise a clade entirely separate from the remaining species currently placed in the genus Galagoides: G. rondoensis, G. orinus, G. zanzibaricus, G. cocos and G. granti. This latter group is sister to Galago É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1796, with the two lineages diverging about 15 mya, and has been attributed to a separate genus Paragalago Masters et al. 2017. Galagoides is now restricted to the western forms: demidoff (G. Fischer, 1806), thomasi (Elliot, 1907), and kumbirensis Svensson, Bersacola, Mills, Munds, Nijman, Perkin, Masters, Couette, Nekaris and Bearder, 2017.

" 40649,Galagoides demidoff,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Galagoides,demidoff,,,,,"(G. Fischer, 1806)","

Grubb et al. (2003) concluded that the correct Latin name for Demidoff’s galago was demidovii, as referred to in Fischer (1808), which was written in Latin with, consequently, the latinised name of Demidoff. The epithet demidovii was used by Oates (2011), Ambrose and Butynski (2013) and Nekaris (2013). Groves (2001), however, argued that demidoff, as written by Fischer (1806), was in fact being used as a Latin binomial, and was as such the correct name for this species. This was also argued by Jenkins (1987) and Kingdon (1997), and Masters and Couette (2015) who used the name demidoff. Jenkins et al. (2018) confirmed the validity of the name demidoff Fischer. 1806.

Groves (2001, 2005) recognised six subspecies, evidently, as pointed out by Masters and Couette (2015), following the concept of geospecies proposed by Grubb (2006): the nominate subspecies in “West Africa”; the Calabar dwarf galago Galagoides demidoff murinus (Murray, 1859) in the Nigeria-Cameroon border region; the Bioko Dwarf Galago G. d. poensis (Thomas, 1904) from the island of Bioko; the Congo dwarf galago G. d. anomurus (de Pousargues, 1893) from between the Sanaga and Congo rivers; the Kasai dwarf galago G. d. phasma Cabrera and Ruxton, 1926, from the south of the Congo River; the Uele dwarf galago G. d. medius (Thomas, 1915) from the Uele-Ituri region; and an undescribed form from Lake Oku, Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon. Kingdon (1997, 2015) listed these subspecies, as did Ambrose and Butynski (2013), the latter authors considering them, however, to be “tentative and provisional” (p.460). Grubb et al. (2003) argued that Galagoides demidoff was best considered monotypic. Masters and Couette (2015) carried out a cranial and dental morphometric study of G. demidoff and G. thomasi. On the basis of this study, they found “slight but consistent morphological differences between G. demidoff and G. thomasi but could not validate the subspecies described for the former taxon” (p. 297). The Bioko form, G. d. poensis, is assessed as a separate subspecies, as is the nominate subspecies. The Bioko form, G. d. poensis, is assessed as a separate subspecies, as is the nominate subspecies.

" 91970347,Paragalago granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Paragalago,granti,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1907)","A phylogenetic analysis of the lorisiform primates by Pozzi et al. (2015) showed that Galagoides demidoff and G. thomasi comprise a clade entirely separate from the remaining species currently placed in the genus Galagoides: G. rondoensis, G. orinus, G. zanzibaricus, G. cocos, and G. granti. This latter group is sister to Galago É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1796, with the two lineages diverging about 15 mya, and has been attributed to a separate genus Paragalago Masters et al. 2017. Galagoides is now restricted to the western forms: demidoff (G. Fischer, 1806), thomasi (Elliot, 1907), and kumbirensis Svensson, Bersacola, Mills, Munds, Nijman, Perkin, Masters, Couette, Nekaris and Bearder (2017)." 40653,Galagoides thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Galagoides,thomasi,,,,,"(Elliot, 1907)",Following its description by Elliot (1907) G. thomasi was regarded a subspecies of G. demidovii until 1979 when Olson (1979) resurrected G. thomasi to a full species based on larger body size and morphology. Masters and Couette (2015) confirm that G. thomasi and G. demidovii are different species with significant interspecific differences in the size and proportions of the skulls. G. thomasi and G. demidovii are sympatric through much of their range. 136212,Paragalago cocos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Paragalago,cocos,,,,,"(Heller, 1912)","

A phylogenetic analysis of the lorisiform primates by Pozzi et al. (2015) showed that Galagoides demidoff and G. thomasi comprise a clade entirely separate from the remaining species currently placed in the genus Galagoides: G. rondoensis, G. orinus, G. zanzibaricus, G. cocos and G. granti. This latter group is sister to Galago É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1796, with the two lineages diverging about 15 mya, and has been attributed to a separate genus Paragalago Masters et al. 2017. Galagoides is now restricted to the western forms: demidoff (G. Fischer, 1806), thomasi (Elliot, 1907), and kumbirensis Svensson, Bersacola, Mills, Munds, Nijman, Perkin, Masters, Couette, Nekaris and Bearder, 2017.

" 8786,Galago gallarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Galago,gallarum,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","Monotypic species. Recognized by Groves (2001, 2005), Grubb et al. (2003), Butynski and De Jong (2013), and Kingdon (2015)." 8787,Galago matschiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Galago,matschiei,,,,,"Lorenz, 1917","The subpopulation on the Itombwe Massif (Democratic Republic of the Congo) appears to be different and may represent a distinct taxon (Bearder 1999, Omari et al. 1999, T. Butynski pers. obs. 1996)." 8789,Galago senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Galago,senegalensis,,,,,"É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796","Grubb et al. (2003) listed four subspecies: Galago senegalensis senegalensis; G. s. braccatus; G. s. dunni, and G. s. sotikae." 15643,Otolemur crassicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Otolemur,crassicaudatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)","Grubb et al. (2003) separated out the form O. monteiri as a distinct species. However, there is a wide area of overlap in the distribution of forms attributable to O. monteiri and O. crassicaudatus in Tanzania (Groves 2001). For the current assessment, O. monteiri is regarded as a subspecies of O. crassicaudatus based on information regarding its skull morphology (Masters and Lubinsky 1988) and karyotype (Masters 1986). Greater galago subspecies show minor differences in skull size but not in proportions, while skulls of the two recognized Otolemur species can readily be distinguished on the basis of skull proportions. O. crassicaudatus subspecies are defined mainly on pelage coloration, which is likely to be adapted to the foliage in which the animals rest during the day, rather than for specific-mate recognition. Hence, the subspecies that occupy dry forests in miombo woodlands (O. c. monteiri, O. c. argentatus) are pale in color, while those from the dune forests of KwaZulu-Natal and the montane forests of Limpopo Province (O. c. crassicaudatus) are darker." 15644,Otolemur garnettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Otolemur,garnettii,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1838)","Four subspecies are recognized by Groves (2001), Grubb et al. (2003), and Harcourt and Perkin (2013): O. g. garnettii, O. g. panganiensis; O. g. lasiotis, and O. g. kikuyuensis." 10550,Hylobates moloch,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,moloch,,,,,"(Audebert, 1798)","This taxon is monotypic (Geissman et al. 2002; T. Geissmann pers. comm.). Although it as been suggested that there is evidence for two genetically distinct Javan gibbon populations (Andayani et al. 2001), a review of the molecular evidence and a comparison of morphological and vocal data casts doubt on this claim (Geissman et al. 2002, Dallmann and Geissmann 2009, T. Geissmann pers. comm.)." 10552,Hylobates pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,pileatus,,,,,"Gray, 1861","This species forms a narrow area of sympatry and hybridization with H. lar in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand (Brockelman 1978, Brockelman and Gittins 1984, Marshall and Brockelman 1986, Marshall and Sugardjito 1986), specifically in the headwaters of the Takhong-Mun-Mekong River system (W. Brockelman pers. comm.). Until at least 1925, an area of sympatry apparently existed in the region of Sriracha, about 80 km southeast of Bangkok. Therefore, a large zone of overlap in the distribution of the two species may originally have existed. In most parts of this hypothetical zone, gibbon habitat appears to have been destroyed, with the Khao Yai Park possibly representing the last remnant of the once large contact zone (Geissmann 1991)." 39879,Hylobates albibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,albibarbis,,,,,"Lyon, 1911","This taxon was traditionally classified as a subspecies of H. agilis, but Groves (2001) proposed it be considered a distinct species based on diagnostic pelage characteristics. Subsequent cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses confirm the separation between H. agilis on Sumatra and H. albibarbis on Borneo (Hirai et al. 2005, 2009). H. albibarbis hybridizes with H. muelleri in a wide area of central Borneo (Marshall and Sugardjito 1986; Mather 1992, 1999)." 10548,Hylobates lar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,lar,,,,,"(Linneaus, 1771)","This species forms a narrow area of sympatry and hybridization with H. pileatus in Khao Yai National Park, central Thailand (Brockelman 1978; Brockelman and Gittins 1984; Marshall and Brockelman 1986; Marshall and Sugardjito 1986), and with H. agilis in northern Peninsular Malaysia (W. Brockelman pers. comm.). Until at least 1925, an area of sympatry apparently existed in the region of Sriracha, about 80 km southeast of Bangkok. Therefore, a large zone of overlap in the distribution of H. lar and H. pileatus may originally have existed. In most parts of this hypothetical zone, gibbon habitat appears to have been destroyed, with the Khao Yai Park possibly representing the last remnant of the once large contact zone (Geissmann 1991). These zones demonstrate that reproductive isolation between the species is incomplete, although they do not freely interbreed in the wild where they are in contact (Brockelman and Gittins 1984).

The subspecies of Hylobates lar, although numerous and well-distributed latitudinally, are not highly distinct, in general. They are based largely on relatively minor body color variation and the degree of polychromatism of the fur (Brockelman 1985, 2004; Groves 2001; Woodruff 2005) The validity of H. l. yunnanensis as a subspecies is doubtful; it requires comparison with H. l. carpenteri (C. Groves and T. Geissmann pers. comm.). The only geographically well-separated subspecies is H. l. vestitus, which is found on Sumatra; despite its (relatively recent) isolation, however, it is not highly distinct phenotypically (W. Brockelman pers. comm.). The taxonomic status of all the H. lar subspecies, and specifically yunnanensis, requires further investigation." 10547,Hylobates klossii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,klossii,,,,,"(G.S. Miller, 1903)","Genetic and vocal data suggested little difference in population across the islands and, therefore, Hylobates klossii is considered monotypic." 10543,Hylobates agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,agilis,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1821","There is debate as to the validity of the subspecies. The general consensus seems to be that this species is monotypic (Hirai et al. 2009; Roos et al. 2014), though some experts recognize two subspecies on Sumatra: H. a. agilis to the west, and H. a. unko to the east (these may possibly correspond with ""mountain"" and ""lowland"" forms, respectively). All this is not to be confused with the two main color morphs found throughout the species' range, though in general the pale morph is more common in the Barisan Range of Sumatra, while in the eastern lowlands and in the Malay Peninsula black predominates (Marshall and Sugardjito 1986)." 39779,Symphalangus syndactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Symphalangus,syndactylus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)","

The mainland (Symphalangus syndactylus continentis) and Sumatran (Symphalangus syndactylus syndactylus) forms have been considered distinct subspecies; however, no subspecies are recognized in the most recent Asian primate taxonomy by Roos et al. (2014).

" 39876,Hoolock hoolock,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hoolock,hoolock,,,,,"(Harlan, 1834)","This taxon is now considered monotypic; it was formerly considered conspecific with Hoolock leuconedys. The previous generic name, Bunopithecus, was changed by Mootnick and Groves (2005) to Hoolock (Haimoff et al. 1984)." 118355453,Hoolock leuconedys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hoolock,leuconedys,,,,,"Groves, 1967","This taxon is monotypic; it was formerly considered a subspecies of H. hoolock. The previous generic name, Bunopithecus, was changed by Mootnick and Groves (2005) to Hoolock (Haimoff et al. 1984)." 39775,Nomascus concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Nomascus,concolor,,,,,"(Harlan, 1826)","Previously four subspecies were recognised (N. c. concolor, N. c. furvogaster, N. c. jingdongensis and N. c. lu) (Ma and Wang 1986), however N. c. furvogaster of south-western Yunnan, west of Mekong River and N. c. jingdonensis of west central Yunnan, China are now considered synonomous with the nominate form while N. c. lu is recognised as a valid subspecies (Thinh et al 2010a,b)." 39896,Nomascus siki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Nomascus,siki,,,,,"(Delacour, 1951)","

This taxon was variously considered a subspecies of N. concolor, N. leucogenys and N. gabriellae. It was believed that N. siki might be a natural hybrid of N. leucogenys and N. gabriellae but this is due to missing information in the past. Genetic and acoustic data clearly show that this taxon is a valid species (Thinh et al. 2010a, Thinh et al. 2010b, Thinh et al. 2011).

The recent discovery of N. annamensis and the extended southward distribution of N. leucogenys have largely reduced the distribution of the species. The limits of distribution of this species are not finally settled, both with regards to N. annamensis in the south and N. leucogenys in the north. Similarly, phenotype information for the type locality of N. siki (Thua Luu, Thua Thien Hue province, central Viet Nam) is contradictory (Geissmann et al. 2000; Thinh et al. 2010b). Though the holotype represents N. siki morphologically, the type locality falls in the range of N. annamensis (Thinh et al. 2010a). Recent genetic data of the N. siki holotype clearly confirm that this specimen is N. siki (C. Roos pers. comm.). Unfortunately, information about whether Jean Delacour and Pierre Jabouille collected the specimen in the wild near Thua Luu or whether they obtained the gibbon at a market or from a poacher is not traceable. However, since Thua Luu is close to the coast and along the Vietnamese national railway line and the national road no. 1, and considering the morphology and genetic data of the holotype, the specimen most likely originated from a place other than Thua Luu.

" 128073282,Nomascus gabriellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Nomascus,gabriellae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)","This taxon was previously considered a subspecies of N. concolor (Groves 1972). The limits of the distribution of this species are from Ba River, 13°00’-13°10’N in Gia Lai and Phu Yen provinces and Sre Pok River in North to Nui Ong Nature Reserve in 11°01’N in Binh Thuan Province in South, and South East Cambodia (East of Mekong River). Populations that occurs south of Thach Han River in central Viet Nam, southern Lao and northeastern Cambodia differ in their song from N. gabriellae in the south (e.g. Konrad and Geissmann 2006) and was separated from N. gabriellae as a distinct species, namely N. annamensis (Thinh et al. 2010)." 41643,Nomascus hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Nomascus,hainanus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)","Previously, Nomascus hainanus was variously considered either a species in its own right or as a subspecies of N. concolor or N. nasutus; it is here recognized as a distinct species based on molecular, vocalization and pelage differences (Geissmann et al. 2000; Mootnick 2006; Roos and Nadler 2005; Roos et al. 2007; Thinh et al. 2010, 2011)." 41642,Nomascus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Nomascus,nasutus,,,,,"(Kunkel d'Herculais, 1884)","

Nomascus nasutus has been variously considered either as a species in its own right (sometimes as conspecific with N. hainanus), or as a subspecies of N. concolor; it is here recognized as a species distinct from N. hainanus and N. concolor, based on differences in vocalizations and fur colouration as well as genetic evidence (Mootnick and Fan 2011; Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010, 2011; Feng et al. 2014).

" 2053,Arctocebus aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Arctocebus,aureus,,,,,"de Winton, 1902",Arctocebus aureus was originally considered a subspecies of A. calabarensis but described as a full species by Maier (1980). 2054,Arctocebus calabarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Arctocebus,calabarensis,,,,,"(J.A. Smith, 1860)","

Until the late 1980s, this species was commonly treated as one of two subspecies of Arctocebus calabarensis, with the other being A. c. aureus; aureus is now treated as a full species.

" 163013860,Nycticebus menagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,menagensis,,,,,"(Lydekker, 1893)","This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of Nycticebus coucang, but was elevated to species level by Roos (2003) and Chen et al. (2006). See also Nekaris and Jaffe (2007). The smallest of the Indonesian slow lorises (350 g-600 g), it is not only distinguished genetically from the others, but also by its pale golden to red fur, virtual lack of markings on its head, and consistent absence of a second upper incisor (Groves 1971, 1998; Ravosa 1998; Chen et al. 2006; Nekaris and Jaffe 2007). Nycticebus menagensis is very pale with a light contrasting facemask and round or diffuse-edged upper circumocular patch. Lower circumocular patch is variable and sometimes extends below the zygomatic arch, it has a narrow interocular stripe, crown patch is mostly diffused, the ears are usually naked, and the preauricular hair band is variable but mainly wide (Munds et al. 2013)." 163017685,Nycticebus coucang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,coucang,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1785)","This taxon formerly included a number of subspecies that have subsequently been identified as unique species. A small hybridization zone is found between this species and Nycticebus bengalensis in southern peninsular Thailand. Further taxonomic revision may be necessary (Lim et al. 2007, K. A. Nekaris unpubl. data). Some authors consider the form from the Natuna islands to be a unique subspecies, N. c. natunae (Chasen 1935, Indrawan and Rangkuti 2001). Others consider the form from northern Sumatra to be a distinct taxon N. hilleri; we follow that here and exclude northern Sumatra from this assessment.

Nekaris and Jaffe (2007) measured 16 N. coucang originating from Sumatra and reported the following average morphometric parameters for these individuals, which varied from those of N. hilleri: weight: 594 g; head length 62 mm; muzzle length 23.3 mm; head breath 45 mm; head body length 268 mm; hand span 54 mm; foot span 67 mm; ear length 17 mm (Nekaris and Jaffe 2007)." 136532,Palaeopropithecus ingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PALAEOPROPITHECIDAE,Palaeopropithecus,ingens,,,,,"G. Grandidier, 1899","Three species of Palaeopropithecus have been described (P. ingens, P. maximus, and P. kelyus).  Palaeopropithecus kelyus is clearly distinct from the other two; differences between P. ingens and P. maximus are small, and they may represent geographic variants of the same species." 17402,Pithecia aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,aequatorialis,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1987",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 70609726,Pithecia monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,monachus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 39954,Callicebus coimbrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Callicebus,coimbrai,,,,,"Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999","Kobayashi and Langguth (1994) first reported and later described (Kobayashi and Langguth 1999) Callicebus coimbrai after analyzing five specimens collected at three sites of the coastal Atlantic Forest in Sergipe State, in northeastern Brazil. Based on their study of this new species, along with previous craniometric studies by Kobayashi (1995), Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) argued that the titis of eastern Brazil constitute a separated group within the genus —  the personatus group — and should be considered a full species rather than a subspecies of C. personatus. In addition to C. coimbrai the authors listed C. nigrifrons, C. personatus, C. melanochir and C. barbarabrownae for that group. Based on molecular data, Byrne et al. (2016) proposed to split the genus Callicebus in three different genera (Callicebus, Cheracebus and Plecturocebus), with the ‘personatus group’ as the only component in the genus Callicebus." 41550,Plecturocebus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,modestus,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1939","This species was previously known as Callicebus modestus (Lönnberg, 1939). Taxonomical assessments of titi monkeys recognized different numbers of species groups (Hershkovitz 1963, 1988, 1990, Kobayashi 1995, Kobayashi and Langguth 1999, van Roosmalen et al. 2002, Groves 2005). A completely new phylogenetic arrangement of these primates (Byrne et al. 2016), divides Callicebus into three genera: Cheracebus, Callicebus, and Plecturocebus. According to this last assessment, Plecturocebus modestus is found in the donacophilus group, along with P. donacophilus, P. oenanthe, P. olallae, P. pallescens and P. urubambensis.The morphological similarity between P. modestus and P. olallae demanded further investigation (Tarifa 1996, Anderson 1997, Felton et al. 2006). Recent field observations (Martinez and Wallace 2007), as well as opportunistically collected specimens (Martinez et al. 2013), and results from a scat-based genetic study (Wallace et al. 2013, Barreta et al. 2019) support the taxonomic separation of P. modestus and P. olallae." 41552,Plecturocebus caligatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,caligatus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)","Byrne et al. (2016) have separated the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely: Cheracebus (torquatus group sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002)), Plecturocebus (cupreus + moloch + donacophilus groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002)), and Callicebus (personatus group, sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002)). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species and P. dubius is a junior synonym of P. caligatus. However, the situation is still under debate, and we will regard these as two separate taxa until further evidence has been published." 41561,Plecturocebus bernhardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,bernhardi,,,,,"M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen & R.A. Mittermeier, 2002","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species." 39943,Callicebus nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Callicebus,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002) recognize five species groups for Callicebus: cupreus, donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus. Based on craniometric and other morphological studies, Kobayashi (1995) and Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) argued that C. nigrifrons – and the other forms of the personatus group should be considered full species rather than subspecies of C. personatus, as proposed by Hershkovitz (1988, 1990) and Groves (2001). In addition to C. nigrifrons they listed C. personatus, C. melanochir, C. barbarabrownae and C. coimbrai. Based on molecular data, Byrne et al. (2016) proposed to split Callicebus in three different genera (Callicebus, Cheracebus and Plecturocebus), with the species of the personatus group as the only components of the genus Callicebus in this new arrangement." 41558,Plecturocebus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,brunneus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)","Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002) recognize five species groups – cupreus, donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus. Callicebus brunneus belongs to the moloch group, which also includes: Callicebus baptista, Callicebus bernhardi, Callicebus cinerascens, Callicebus hoffmannsi and Callicebus moloch. Based on molecular data, Byrne et al. (2016) reassed the Callicebus genus and placed this species in the genus Plecturocebus.

Ferrari et al. (2000) report the possible existence of a contact zone between P. brunneus and P. moloch in southern Rondonia, somewhere between the Serra dos Pacaás Novos, to the north, and the Chapada dos Parecis, to the south. The characteristics of this contact zone remain unclear, i.e. whether sympatry or even hybridization occurs, but it is interesting to note that at two sites located south of the Pacaás Novos, some monkeys observed were relatively lightly-coloured (more similar to P. moloch) in contrast with the typical dun tones of P. brunneus. Local residents also confirmed the existence of two distinct types of titis in different areas at this site." 41560,Plecturocebus baptista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,baptista,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1939","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002).  According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species.  Callicebus baptista’s Lönnberg, 1939, type locality is unknown. Restricted by P. Hershkovitz (1963) to the Lago do Baptista, in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.  It was considered to be a subspecies of C. hoffmannsi by P. Hershkovitz (1990). In 2001, Groves (2002) listed it as a full species. The species is monotypic (Mittermeir et al. 2013)." 39928,Plecturocebus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,ornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1866)","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely: Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species." 39930,Callicebus melanochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Callicebus,melanochir,,,,,"Wied-Neuwied, 1820","Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and Van Roosmalen et al. (2002) recognize five species groups – cupreus, donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus. Callicebus melanochir belongs to the personatus group, which also includes: Callicebus barbarabrownae, Callicebus coimbrai, Callicebus nigrifrons and Callicebus personatus. Following the taxonomic revision of Byrne et al. (2016), the genus Callicebus is now endemic to Brazil." 3549,Plecturocebus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,dubius,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1990","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species." 3553,Plecturocebus oenanthe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,oenanthe,,,,,"Thomas, 1924","Recognized as a valid species by Hershkovitz (1990). Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely: Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016) , Plecturocebus includes 22 species." 3554,Plecturocebus olallae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,olallae,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1939","This species was previously known as Callicebus olallae (Lönnberg 1939). Taxonomical assessments of titi monkeys recognized different number of species groups (Hershkosvitz 1963, 1988, 1990, Kobayashi 1995, Kobayashi and Langguth 1999, van Roosmalen et al. 2002, Groves 2005). A completely new phylogenetic arrangement of these primates (Byrne et al. 2016), divides Callicebus into three genera: Cheracebus, Callicebus, and Plecturocebus. According to this last assessment, Plecturocebus olallae is found in the donacophilus group, along with P. donacophilus, P. modestus, P. oenanthe, P. pallescens and P. urubambensis.The morphological similarity between P. olallae and P. modestus demanded further investigation (Tarifa 1996, Anderson 1997, Felton et al. 2006). Recent field observations (Martinez and Wallace 2007), as well as opportunistically collected specimens (Martinez et al. 2013), and results from a scat-based genetic study (Wallace et al. 2013, Barreta et al. 2019) support the taxonomic separation of P. olallae and P. modestus." 136515,Xenothrix mcgregori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Xenothrix,mcgregori,,,,,"Williams & Koopman, 1952","Previously included in its own monotypic family (Xenothricidae, Hershkovitz 1970, MacPhee and Fleagle 1991), current morphological and molecular evidence indicate that this species is closely related to members of tribe Callitrichini in the family Pitheciidae (MacPhee and Horovitz 2004, Woods et al. 2018)." 43891,Chiropotes chiropotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Chiropotes,chiropotes,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1811)","Hill (1960) listed three species of bearded saki: Chiropotes chiropotes, C. satanas and C. albinasa [sic]. Hershkovitz (1985) described a new species, utahickae, and classified satanas and utahickae as subspecies of C. chiropotes. Groves (2001, 2005) followed the taxonomy of Hershkovitz (1985). The three subspecies of Chiropotes satanas (satanas, chiropotes and utahicki) are here listed as full species following the recommendation of Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002), Figueiredo et al. (2006), and Silva-Júnior et al.(2013). Bonvicino et al. (2003) resurrected the name Chiropotes israelita (Spix, 1823) for the bearded saki discovered by Boubli (2002) to the west of the Rio Branco, a tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Genetic and pelage differences, notably a greenish brown (olive) dorsum as opposed to light golden brown as is typical of C. chiropotes, distinguish it from the bearded sakis of the Guianas to the east of the Rio Branco. There is however, a possible confusion concerning the correct names. Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002) argued that the form west of the Rio Branco is, correctly Chiropotes chiropotes (Humboldt, 1811), according to its type locality, and the form to the east of the Rio Branco, extending through the states of Pará and Amapá, and into the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana) is C. sagulatus (Traill, 1821) from Demerara (see Silva-Júnior et al. (2013). Doubts still remain, however, concerning Hershkovitz’s interpretation of Humboldt’s type locality of C. chiropotes, which would accordingly alter the nomenclature (J. P. Boubli, pers. comm). With the further research and phylogenetic analysis, both Traill’s sagulatus and Spix’s israelita may be valid species names for different populations of this wide ranging genus." 43892,Chiropotes utahickae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Chiropotes,utahickae,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1985","Hill (1960) listed three species of bearded saki: Chiropotes chiropotes, C. satanas and C. albinasa [sic]. Hershkovitz (1985) described a new species, utahickae, and classified satanas and utahickae as subspecies of C. chiropotes. Groves (2001, 2005) followed the taxonomy of Hershkovitz (1985). The three subspecies of Chiropotes satanas (satanas, chiropotes and utahicki) are here listed as full species following the recommendation of Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002), Figueiredo et al. (2006), and Silva-Júnior et al.(2013). Bonvicino et al. (2003) resurrected the name Chiropotes israelita (Spix, 1823) for the bearded saki discovered by Boubli (2002) to the west of the Rio Branco, a tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Genetic and pelage differences, notably a greenish brown (olive) dorsum as opposed to light golden brown as is typical of C. chiropotes, distinguish it from the bearded sakis of the Guianas to the east of the Rio Branco. There is however, a possible confusion concerning the correct names. Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002) argued that the form west of the Rio Branco is, correctly Chiropotes chiropotes (Humboldt, 1811), according to its type locality, and the form to the east of the Rio Branco, extending through the states of Pará and Amapá, and into the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana) is C. sagulatus (Traill, 1821) from Demerara (see Silva-Júnior et al. (2013). Doubts still remain, however, concerning Hershkovitz’s interpretation of Humboldt’s type locality of C. chiropotes, which would accordingly alter the nomenclature (J. P. Boubli, pers. comm). With the further research and phylogenetic analysis, both Traill’s sagulatus and Spix’s israelita may be valid species names for different populations of this wide ranging genus. 

The species name is currently in dispute. Hershkovitz (1985) named the subspecies Chiropotes satanas utahicki. However, as the species is named after a woman, in subsequent revisions authors renamed the species Chiropotes (satanas) utahickae (Silva Jr. and Figueiredo 2002; Groves 2005). Brandon-Jones et al. (2006) argue that the Latin gender suffix is part of its etymology and therefore unregulated by Article 31 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, and that the author's selected suffix should be respected and the original spelling preserved." 21488,Cephalopachus bancanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Cephalopachus,bancanus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","Formerly all tarsiers were placed in the genus Tarsius Storr, 1780 (Hill 1953, 1950; Corbet and Hill 1992, Groves 2001). Musser and Dagosto (1987), Groves (1998) and Dagosto et al. (2003) agreed that the tarsiers from Sundaland (bancanus), Greater Mindanao (syrichta), and Sulawesi are distinct. Groves and Shekelle (2010) placed them in the genera Cephalopachus Swainson, 1835, Carlito Groves and Shekelle, 2010, and Tarsius, respectively. Groves (2001, 2005) recognised the subspecies bancanus, borneanus, and saltator, but listed natunensis as a junior synonym of borneanus. Cepalopachus bancanus natunensis was considered as possibly valid by Brandon-Jones et al. (2004)." 179234,Tarsius tumpara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,tumpara,,,,,"Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna, 2008","

Meyer (1897) classified a single specimen from Siau Island together with several others from Sangihe Island as Tarsius sangirensis. A biogeographic hypothesis by Shekelle and Leksono (2004) predicted that the Siau specimen would be taxonomically distinct (see also Brandon Jones et al. 2004). This prediction was subsequently confirmed by Shekelle et al. (2008). The Sangir and Siau islands are separated by ca 60 km of ocean with depths >1,000 m and therefore no possible recurrent gene flow between T. sangirensis and T. tumpara.

" 21493,Tarsius sangirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,sangirensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1897","

Niemitz (1984) synonymized three of Hill’s (1955) Tarsius spectrum subspecies (the forms sangirensis, dentatus, and pelengensis) with T. s. spectrum. Feiler (1990) argued for the resurrection of T. sangirensis as a distinct species, an opinion that was independently supported by Shekelle et al. (1997) and Groves (1998). See Groves (2003).

" 21494,Tarsius pelengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,pelengensis,,,,,"Sody, 1949","

Morphologically, this population appears to be distinct (Groves 2001). Acoustically, it shows many obvious superficial similarities with T. dentatus and might be related to that species (A. Nietsch and F. Burton unpubl. data). Nevertheless, A. Nietsch (pers. comm.) found the acoustics to be distinctive, in spite of the overall similarity.

 

" 195277,Tarsius wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,wallacei,,,,,"Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle, 2010","

Merker et al. (2010) described this species, Tarsius wallacei, from the Isthmus of Palu and from a small area southwest of Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has unique morphological and bio-acoustic traits as well as mitochondrial, Y chromosomal, and microsatellite DNA patterns that clearly separate it from other tarsiers. The species includes the T. tarsier population referred to by Shekelle et al. (1997) and Shekelle (2008) as the “Tinombo form”.

Tarsius wallacei is parapatric in the south with T. dentatus, and a species to the north that is in the process of being named. The species to the north conforms to the “Sejoli” and “Gorontalo” forms (Shekelle et al. 1997, Shekelle 2008)

" 21489,Tarsius dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,dentatus,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921","

Following Shekelle (2008), Tarsius dianae (Niemitz et al. 1991) is considered a subjective junior synonym of T. dentatus.

" 21490,Tarsius pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,pumilus,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921","

This species was described as a small, or pygmy tarsier, based upon three specimens collected in 1917 from central Sulawesi by Henry Raven (Miller and Hollister 1921). Hill (1955) and Niemitz (1984) both treated it as a subspecies of Tarsius tarsier. Niemitz (1985) suggested raising it to full species status. Subsequent analysis by Musser and Dagosto (1987) revealed that two of the original specimens were juveniles of the lowland form (from Gimpu, and therefore, most likely T. lariang), but that another specimen, collected in 1930 from a mountain top in south Sulawesi, was T. pumilus (Musser and Dagosto 1987). The basis for calling this species a ""pygmy"" form is not strong (indeed, fossil evidence indicates that the ancestral tarsier may well have been small). This species' status as a montane endemic, however, is unequivocal; therefore, we favour the common name ""Mountain Tarsier"", and perhaps even ""Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier"", should other forms of montane tarsiers be shown to exist.

" 136319,Tarsius lariang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,lariang,,,,,"Merker & Groves, 2006",

This taxon was recently described by Merker and Groves (2006).

162369551,Tarsius tarsier,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,tarsier,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)", 21492,Carlito syrichta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Carlito,syrichta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Formerly in the genus Tarsius Storr, 1780, Groves and Shekelle (2010) treated the Philippine tarsiers as a distinct genus, Carlito Groves and Shekelle, 2010. Hill (1953, 1955), Niemitz (1984) and Groves (2001, 2005) considered carbonarius and fraterculus to be synonyms, but they were listed by Brandon Jones et al. (2004). Dagosto et al. (2003) were unable to decide on the validity of the subspecies due to insufficient specimens (a large majority were from the Davao Gulf of Mindanao). Brandon-Jones et al. (2004) listed four unnamed forms of syrichta from the Philippines: 1) From Basilan possibly extending to the Sulu Archipelago; 2) from Dinagat; 3) from Leyte; and 4) from Siargao. Heaney and Rabor (1982) mentioned a tarsier from Dinagat Island (east of Leyte) that is larger than other Philippine tarsiers indicating it may be taxonomically distinct." 43953,Leontocebus nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,nigrifrons,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1851)","Considered to be a subspecies of Saguinus fuscicollis by Hershkovitz (1977), genetic analyses of mitochondrial markers indicated that it should be given species rank (Matauschek et al. 2011). Buckner et al. (2015) and Sampaio et al. (2015) suggested that all members of the Saguinus nigricollis-group of Hershkovitz (1977) should be placed in the genus Leontocebus Wagner, 1839, distinguishing them from all other species of Saguinus (see Rylands et al. 2016)." 19829,Leontocebus cruzlimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,cruzlimai,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1966","Leontocebus cruzlimai was previouly reconized as a subspecies of the Saguinus fuscicollis (Hershkovitz 1977, see also Cheverud and Moore 1990), however Sampaio et al. (2015) elevated this taxa to the species level." 19826,Leontocebus leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,leucogenys,,,,,"(Gray, 1866)","Considered as a subspecies of Saguinus fuscicollis by Hershkovitz (1977), genetic analyses of mitochondrial markers indicated that it should be given species rank (Matauschek et al. 2011). Buckner et al. (2015) and Sampaio et al. (2015) suggested to separate all members of Hershkovitz’ Saguinus nigricollis-group in a genus Leontocebus from the other Saguinus species." 43950,Leontocebus lagonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,lagonotus,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1870)","Considered as a subspecies of Saguinus fuscicollis by Hershkovitz (1977), genetic analyses of mitochondrial markers indicated that it should be given species rank (Matauschek et al. 2011). Buckner et al. (2015) and Sampaio et al. (2015) suggested including all members of the Saguinus nigricollis-group (Hershkovitz 1977) in a genus named Leontocebus and separating it from all other Saguinus species." 42693,Leontocebus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,fuscus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1840)","The taxonomy of Saguinus fuscicollis is based on Hershkovitz (1977; see also Cheverud and Moore 1990). In a molecular genetic study of the phylogeny of the genus, Cropp et al. (1999) found that the form fuscus was closer to S. nigricollis than to S. fuscicollis and gave it species status." 43952,Leontocebus illigeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,illigeri,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1845)","Considered as a subspecies of Saguinus fuscicollis by Hershkovitz (1977). However, genetic analyses of mitochondrial markers suggest that it should be given species rank (Matauschek et al. 2011). Buckner et al. (2015) and Sampaio et al. (2015) suggested to include all members of the Saguinus nigricollis-group (Hershkovitz 1977) in a genus named Leontocebus and separate it from all other Saguinus species." 81237954,Cebus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,brunneus,,,,,"Allen, 1914","

The type locality of Cebus brunneus is the town of Pueblo Nuevo de Aroa in the state of Yaracuy (Allen 1914). Hershkovitz (1949) divided the so-called “untufted capuchin monkeys” into three species, capucinus, nigrivittatus and albifrons, distinguishing them by the shape of the dark patch on the crown: albifrons rounded and nigrivittatus wedge shaped.  On this basis, Hershkovitz (1949) placed brunneus as a subspecies of Cebus nigrivittatus Wagner, 1848*. Other subspecies of nigrivittatus named by Hershkovitz (1949) are found on the Guiana Shield in Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. Hill (1960) gave preference to the name griseus F. Cuvier, 1819, over nigrivittatus Wagner, 1848, and listed it as C. griseus brunneus, while saying, however, that its validity was doubtful. Groves (2001, 2005) considered olivaceus (nigrivittatus as was) to be monotypic and brunneus a junior synonym.

Ferreira (1996) reported morphological differences between the gracile capuchins from the northern Venezuelan mountain ranges and untufted capuchins from lowland Venezuela.  Later, using genetic techniques, Boubli et al. (2012) confirmed that brunneus differs from C. olivaceus*, as previously described, but that it belongs to the C. albifrons clade rather than that of C. olivaceus, i.e., its affinity is with the northern Colombian capuchin monkeys to the west of its range, rather than the wedge-capped capuchins to the east through the Guiana Shield.  However, upon subsequent morphological inspection following the Boubli et al. 2012 publication, the “C. brunneus” individuals sampled from the Smithsonian for the genetic study of Boubli et al. 2012, are not the same species as the type specimens of brunneus (which are olivaceus-like) at the American Museum of Natural History, despite their very close geographic provenance to those C. brunneus specimens. The samples labelled as brunneus from Boubli et al. (2012) are morphologically more similar to C. adustus and C. leucocephalus  and thus extend the range of the albifrons-like monkeys to the east of the Andes on the Venezuelan coast. The actual Cebus brunneus (or Cebus olivaceus brunneus), based on holotype and other individuals from the type specimen locality from the American Museum of Natural History, is very similar in morphology to other Cebus olivaceus specimens across Venezuela, and may likely be subsumed into Cebus olivaceus after further assessment. More work is needed to delineate the distributions of the two closely related gracile capuchin taxa found in northwest Venezuela.

Cebus trinitatis, on the other hand, is restricted to a few tiny forest remnants on the island of Trinidad, it is distinct in appearance and is Critically Endangered, and for these reasons we maintain it as a valid taxon.

* Although Hershkovitz (1949), and many others through the 1970s, used the name nigrivittatus for the Guianan weeper capuchin, in 1941 Von Pusch combined the genera Saimiri and Cebus and nigrivittatus Wagner, 1848 had then to be considered a homonym (two species of the same genus having the same name), due to the prior description in 1846 of the squirrel monkey Chrysothrix nigrivittatus Wagner. Although a temporary situation, this invalidated the use of the name nigrivittatus, and the correct one, therefore, became that given by Schomburgk in 1848: Cebus olivaceus (see Rylands 1999, Groves, 2001).

" 39793,Macaca ochreata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,ochreata,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1841)","

Macaca chreata ochreata hybridizes with Macaca tonkeana in areas where their ranges overlap (Watanabe 1991, Groves 2001).

" 12569,Macaca brunnescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,brunnescens,,,,,"(Matschie, 1901)","

There is debate over whether this is a distinct species, a subspecies, or even a synonym of Macaca ochreata (Groves 1980). Macaca brunnescens is distinguished by a brown dorsal colour, shorter, mat fur and a shorter face than M. ochreata (as described by Fooden 1969, Groves 1980, Hamada et al. 1988). Juliandi et al. (2009) describes the Buton Macaque as a separate species based on differences seen in the dorsal part of their ischial callosities.

Riley (2010) discussed the variation in the classification of the Sulawesi macaques. In an exhaustive review, Fooden (1969) considered all the known forms to be species, including ochreata (Ogilby, 1840) and brunnescens (Matschie, 1901). A number of authors continue to follow Fooden’s classification. Examples include Thierry et al. (2000) and Juliandi et al. (2009). Juliandi et al. (2009) quantified and compared morphological differences in the shape of the ischial callosities of the Sulawesi macaques. The phylogenetic analyses of Morales and Melnick (1998) and Evans et al. (1999, 2003a, 2003b, 2020) also treated each as species, although none of them explicitly confirmed (tested) Fooden’s (1969) treatment of brunnescens and ochreata, only placing them as phylogenetic sisters. Hoelzer and Melnick (1996) concluded that “In general, the relationships among the Sulawesi macaques remains ambiguous. Different morphological data sets have yielded contradictory trees; and trees based on both allozyme and mtDNA are different still […]. The morphological analyses have agreed on two pairs of sisters species, M. ochreata and M. brunnescens, and M. nigra and M. nigrescens, but these pairs are not confirmed by either source of molecular data.” (p.14). Subsequent genetic analyses have consistently confirmed the sister relationship between brunnescens and ochreata.

The lone voice, it would seem, in treating brunnescens as a subspecies of ochreata is Groves (1980, 2001, 2005), although followed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Riley (2013) also followed his arrangement. Groves’ (1980) argument is that the (morphological) differentiation between the two is the weakest of all the Sulawesi macaques. The two are today geographically separated. Macaca ochreata occurs on Sulawesi’s South-east Peninsula and brunnescens on the islands of Muna and Buton, just offshore. The two islands emerged only in the Holocene (Wiryosujono and Hainim, 1976, in Groves, 1980), so the two have been separated for a maximum of 10,000 years. Groves (1980) also makes little of the pelage and morphological differences between the two: “The differences between them amount merely to the brown rather than black, dorsal colour of brunnescens, the short mat fur, rather than long and glossy as in ochreata, and its longer skull with longer face and rather large maxillary ridges. For that matter specimens from P. Muna average slightly paler and larger than those from P. Buton (Fooden, 1969 pp.35, 128) so that they continue the trend away from ochreata.” (p.112). He indicated that, ochreata could even be considered a subspecies of M. tonkeana of Central Sulawesi. Watanabe et al. (1991a) subsequently found evidence of a hybrid zone between the two, with intermediacy in callosity shape, crown hair patterns and the colour of the limbs. Groves (1980) concluded with a taxonomy, however, that treated hecki as a subspecies of tonkeana (see Watanabe et al. 1991b), nigrescens as a subspecies of nigra, and brunnescens as a subspecies of ochreata, just four species of Sulawesi macaque (Riley, 2010, 2013). Groves (2001, 2005) revised his opinion concerning hecki and nigrescens, treating both as monotypic species, but was consistent in his conviction that brunnescens is a subspecies of ochreata.

Corbet and Hill (1992) cited Fooden (1969) but followed Groves (1980) in listing brunnescens as a subspecies of ochreata, hecki as a subspecies of tonkeana, and nigrescens as a subspecies of nigra.

" 39813,Presbytis mitrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,mitrata,,,,,"Eschsholtz, 1821","

Individual variation and intra-specific difference in colour, ‘geographic gradients’ across the range

" 136912,Presbytis sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,sumatranus,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1841)","

Formerly considered as subspecies of Presbytis melalophos. There is intra-specific variation in pelage colouration between the darker northern population and the brownish southern population, suggested as a subspecies margae. The Rokan River separates P. sumatrana from P. femoralis percura and the Barumum River separates the species from P. siamensis paenulata.

" 39816,Presbytis siberu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,siberu,,,,,"(Chasen & Kloss, 1928)",

This primate was formerly considered a subspecies of Presbytis potenziani but genetic divergence has elevated it to its new species status.

39810,Presbytis sabana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,sabana,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","

Presbytis sabana was previously included as a subspecies of P. hosei, but it is now recognised as a separate species (Roos et al. 2014). This is a monotypic species." 39872,Trachypithecus leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,leucocephalus,,,,,"Tan, 1955","Although closely related to, and for long considered to be a subspecies of Trachypithecus poliocephalus Trouessart, 1911 (see Groves 2001, 2005; Roos et al. 2007), Groves (2001) argued that it may be a distinct species, not least because of consistent differences in pelage colour patterns. Groves (2007) and Nadler (2013) considered it to be a full species (also Roos et al. 2014). Trachypithecus leucocephalus interbreeds with T. francoisi south and east of the Zuo River in Guangxi, China (Groves 2001)." 39848,Trachypithecus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,auratus,,,,,"(É, Geoffroy, 1812)","Previously, Trachypithecus auratus included two subspecies: auratus and mauritius. Roos et al. (2008) raised mauritius to species level. This change resulted in T. auratus becoming a monotypic species.

Uncertainty remains about the exact taxonomic status of T. auratus and T. mauritius as two of the three T. mauritius samples used by Roos et al. (2008) were from Mt Salak (the third was from an unknown locality), an area that forms part of the distribution range of T. auratus but not of T. mauritius (Brandon-Jones 1995)." 39890,Hylobates funereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,funereus,,,,,"I. Geoffroy, 1850","

Formerly considered as subspecies of Hylobates muelleri, Hylobates funereus is now elevated to species status due to its morphological and genetic distinctiveness. They inter-grade with H. abbotti and H. muelleri where ranges meet.

" 39889,Hylobates abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,abbotti,,,,,"Kloss, 1929", 39888,Hylobates muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hylobates,muelleri,,,,,"Martin, 1841","This species hybridizes with H. albibarbis in a wide area of central Borneo (Marshall, and Sugardjito 1986, Mather, 1992). In addition, there are wide inter-grade zones between the three species (Marshall, and Sugardjito 1986). Hylobates muelleri was previously considered a subspecies (H. muelleri muelleri). Morphological and other genetic data though suggest their separation and elevation to the species status though this requires clarification using data from a wider range of individuals of known origin. It naturally hybridizes with H. albibarbis in the upper Barito watershed in central Borneo in an area that stretches about 3000 km2 (Marshall and Sugardjito 1986, Mather, 1992). This hybridisation is not considered a threat to the species. There is intergrading between Hylobates muelleri and H. abbotti and possibly with H. abbotti where the ranges overlap or meet." 43946,Pithecia vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,vanzolinii,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1987",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 43943,Pithecia chrysocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,chrysocephala,,,,,"I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014) 176239,Cynisca senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,senegalensis,,,,,"Gans, 1987", 18032658,Platyceps afarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,afarensis,,,,,"Schätti & Ineich, 2004", 18032666,Platyceps brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)","Schätti and Charvet (2003) examined the systematics of this and related species from Somalia, and found that the more widespread Coluber smithii should be considered a subspecies of Platyceps brevis." 18032696,Platyceps largeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,largeni,,,,,"(Schätti, 2001)", 18032710,Platyceps messanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,messanai,,,,,"(Schätti & Lanza, 1989)", 16084523,Oropodisma willemsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,willemsei,,,,,"La Greca & Messina, 1976", 18078204,Melitta budashkini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MELITTIDAE,Melitta,budashkini,,,,,"Radchenko & Ivanov, 2012", 190135,Xenocephalus egregius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Xenocephalus,egregius,,,,,"(Jordan & Thompson, 1905)", 154793,Jenkinsia lamprotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Jenkinsia,lamprotaenia,,,,,"(Gosse, 1851)", 155235,Lile piquitinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Lile,piquitinga,,,,,"(Schreiner & Miranda Ribeiro, 1903)", 18153869,Dasypeltis parascabra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,parascabra,,,,,"Trape, Mediannikov & Trape, 2012", 18153878,Dasypeltis latericia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,latericia,,,,,"Trape & Mané, 2006", 177443,Platyceps florulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,florulentus,,,,,"(Geoffroy, 1827)","The taxonomic history of Coluber florulentus and its subspecific forms is discussed by Schätti (1988), who redescribed this species and the subspecies C. f.  keniensis, and described the West African subspecies C. f. perreti. Schätti (1988) confirmed the validity of C. smithii (later determined to be a subspecies of Platyceps brevis by Schätti and Charvet 2003) and C. taylori as species distinct from C. florulentus. Nagy et al. (2004) assigned C. florulentus to Platyceps. Schätti et al. (2014) erected the new combination Platyceps perreti for the subspecies P. f. perreti, and this is implicitly accepted by Spawls et al. (2018) who do not refer to Cameroon or Nigeria within the distribution of P. florulentus. These authors do not however justify this action and refer to only a single minor morphological difference without specifying sample sizes, and consequently Uetz et al. (2019) do not recognize P. perreti pending further research. Chippaux and Jackson (2019) also list the Central African taxon under the name ""Platyceps florulentus perreti"", but do not comment on this assignment." 176854,Lycophidion ornatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,ornatum,,,,,"Parker, 1936", 176865,Natriciteres fuliginoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natriciteres,fuliginoides,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 178406,Atheris hirsuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,hirsuta,,,,,"Ernst & Rödel, 2002", 178737,Xerotyphlops etheridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Xerotyphlops,etheridgei,,,,,"(Wallach, 2002)", 22476010,Letheobia manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,manni,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1941)","Broadley and Wallach (2009) listed Typhlops angeli, from Mt. Nimba in Guinea, as a valid species without comment, assigning it to Letheobia. The validity of this species apparently remains unclear: it has been referred to as a valid species in several subsequent checklists and mentioned - but not included in analysis - by Pyron and Wallach (2014); by contrast Böhme et al. (2011) continued to recognize it as a junior synonym of L. manni." 18217620,Grammostola vachoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Grammostola,vachoni,,,,,"Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961", 202387,Fundulus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,olivaceus,,,,,"(Storer, 1845)", 202681,Noturus albater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,albater,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 202259,Moxostoma valenciennesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,valenciennesi,,,,,"Jordan, 1885", 202694,Noturus leptacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,leptacanthus,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 8133,Etheostoma wapiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,wapiti,,,,,"Etnier & Williams, 1989", 202110,Hybognathus argyritis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybognathus,argyritis,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 202303,Notropis harperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,harperi,,,,,"Fowler, 1941", 202146,Lythrurus lirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,lirus,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202364,Rhinichthys obtusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,obtusus,,,,,"Agassiz, 1854", 202527,Etheostoma sagitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,sagitta,,,,,"(Jordan & Swain, 1883)", 202519,Etheostoma punctulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,punctulatum,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1854)", 202556,Lepomis humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,humilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 202525,Etheostoma rufilineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,rufilineatum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202542,Etheostoma tecumsehi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,tecumsehi,,,,,"Ceas & Page, 1997", 202393,Gambusia geiseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,geiseri,,,,,"Hubbs & Hubbs, 1957", 202533,Etheostoma sitikuense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,sitikuense,,,,,"Blanton, 2008", 202253,Moxostoma macrolepidotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,macrolepidotum,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)", 202142,Lythrurus ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,ardens,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202328,Notropis spectrunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,spectrunculus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 201944,Labidesthes sicculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Labidesthes,sicculus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 202288,Notropis atherinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,atherinoides,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1818", 202605,Sander vitreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Sander,vitreus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)", 202349,Platygobio gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Platygobio,gracilis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)", 8890,Gambusia gaigei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,gaigei,,,,,"Hubbs, 1929", 202365,Rhinichthys umatilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,umatilla,,,,,"(Gilbert & Evermann, 1894)", 202697,Noturus phaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,phaeus,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 202325,Notropis scabriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,scabriceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202541,Etheostoma tallapoosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,tallapoosae,,,,,"Suttkus & Etnier, 1991", 202372,Semotilus thoreauianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semotilus,thoreauianus,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 11209,Entosphenus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Entosphenus,minimus,,,,,"(Bond & Kan, 1973)", 190476,Fundulus luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,luciae,,,,,"(Baird, 1855)", 202151,Macrhybopsis hyostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,hyostoma,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1884)", 202406,Syngnathus scovelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,scovelli,,,,,"(Evermann & Kendall, 1896)", 184091,Fundulus nottii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,nottii,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1854)", 202106,Gila nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,nigra,,,,,"Cope, 1875", 202622,Lampetra aepyptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,aepyptera,,,,,"(Abbott, 1860)", 8707,Fundulus julisia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,julisia,,,,,"Williams & Etnier, 1982", 202530,Etheostoma scotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,scotti,,,,,"Bauer, Etnier, & Burkhead, 1995", 8888,Gambusia amistadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,amistadensis,,,,,"Peden, 1973", 202290,Notropis baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,baileyi,,,,,"Suttkus & Raney, 1955", 202298,Notropis chrosomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,chrosomus,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202322,Notropis rubricroceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,rubricroceus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202283,Notropis amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,amoenus,,,,,"(Abbott, 1874)", 202524,Etheostoma raneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,raneyi,,,,,"Suttkus & Bart, 1994", 202413,Osmerus mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Osmerus,mordax,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)", 190443,Fundulus confluentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,confluentus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1879", 202588,Percina palmaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,palmaris,,,,,"(Bailey, 1940)", 202310,Notropis lutipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,lutipinnis,,,,,"(Jordan & Brayton, 1878)", 62200,Siphateles bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Siphateles,bicolor,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202679,Ictalurus furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ictalurus,furcatus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1840)", 202577,Percina evides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,evides,,,,,"(Jordan & Copeland, 1877)", 202160,Moxostoma breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,breviceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202560,Lepomis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,punctatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)", 8125,Etheostoma pallididorsum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,pallididorsum,,,,,"Distler & Metcalf, 1962", 16781,Petromyzon marinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Petromyzon,marinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 202532,Etheostoma simoterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,simoterum,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202132,Lepidomeda aliciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lepidomeda,aliciae,,,,,"(Jouy, 1881)", 202531,Etheostoma serrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,serrifer,,,,,"(Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)", 202297,Notropis chlorocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,chlorocephalus,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202535,Etheostoma spectabile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,spectabile,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1854)", 202625,Lampetra ayresii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,ayresii,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 202274,Nocomis effusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Nocomis,effusus,,,,,"Lachner & Jenkins, 1967", 202148,Lythrurus roseipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,roseipinnis,,,,,"(Hay, 1885)", 202564,Micropterus dolomieu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,dolomieu,,,,,"Lacepède, 1802", 202558,Lepomis microlophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,microlophus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 202537,Etheostoma stigmaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,stigmaeum,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202320,Notropis procne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,procne,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 202397,Leptolucania ommata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Leptolucania,ommata,,,,,"(Jordan, 1884)", 62221,Hysterocarpus traskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Hysterocarpus,traskii,,,,,"Gibbons, 1854", 202275,Nocomis leptocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Nocomis,leptocephalus,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202149,Lythrurus umbratilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,umbratilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202561,Lepomis symmetricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,symmetricus,,,,,"Forbes, 1883", 202134,Luxilus albeolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,albeolus,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)", 202272,Nocomis asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Nocomis,asper,,,,,"Lachner & Jenkins, 1971", 184087,Notropis rafinesquei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,rafinesquei,,,,,"Suttkus, 1991", 202614,Percopsis transmontana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,PERCOPSIDAE,Percopsis,transmontana,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1892)", 202256,Moxostoma poecilurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,poecilurum,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202104,Gila atraria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,atraria,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202258,Moxostoma rupiscartes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,rupiscartes,,,,,"Jordan & Jenkins, 1889", 202276,Nocomis micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Nocomis,micropogon,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 202611,Forbesichthys agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,AMBLYOPSIDAE,Forbesichthys,agassizii,,,,,"(Putnam, 1872)", 184075,Noturus miurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,miurus,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202551,Etheostoma whipplei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,whipplei,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 202335,Notropis wickliffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,wickliffi,,,,,"Trautman, 1931", 202631,Entosphenus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Entosphenus,similis,,,,,"Vladykov & Kott, 1979", 202113,Hybognathus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybognathus,nuchalis,,,,,"Agassiz, 1855", 202124,Hypentelium nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Hypentelium,nigricans,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)", 202590,Percina phoxocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,phoxocephala,,,,,"(Nelson, 1876)", 202346,Pimephales notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pimephales,notatus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 202291,Notropis bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,bairdi,,,,,"Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929", 8128,Etheostoma sellare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,sellare,,,,,"(Radcliffe & Welsh, 1913)", 202159,Moxostoma anisurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,anisurum,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 184084,Notropis blennius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,blennius,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202129,Lavinia exilicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lavinia,exilicauda,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1854", 202158,Minytrema melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Minytrema,melanops,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 15350714,Margariscus nachtriebi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Margariscus,nachtriebi,,,,,"(Cox, 1896)", 202306,Notropis hudsonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,hudsonius,,,,,"(Clinton, 1824)", 202539,Etheostoma swaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,swaini,,,,,"(Jordan, 1884)", 184078,Fundulus seminolis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,seminolis,,,,,"Girard, 1859", 202536,Etheostoma squamiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,squamiceps,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 135708,Hypomesus olidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Hypomesus,olidus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)", 202371,Semotilus corporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semotilus,corporalis,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1817)", 202109,Gila seminuda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,seminuda,,,,,"Cope & Yarrow, 1875", 202583,Percina maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,maculata,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 40696,Moxostoma ariommum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,ariommum,,,,,"Robins & Raney, 1956", 202379,Fundulus chrysotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,chrysotus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 202554,Etheostoma zonistium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,zonistium,,,,,"Bailey & Etnier, 1988", 202578,Percina fulvitaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,fulvitaenia,,,,,"Morris & Page, 1981", 202361,Rhinichthys atratulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,atratulus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1804)", 202377,Fundulus blairae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,blairae,,,,,"Wiley & Hall, 1975", 202278,Nocomis raneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Nocomis,raneyi,,,,,"Lachner & Jenkins, 1971", 202599,Percina vigil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,vigil,,,,,"(Hay, 1882)", 202296,Notropis chiliticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,chiliticus,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202512,Etheostoma parvipinne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,parvipinne,,,,,"Gilbert & Swain, 1887", 202388,Fundulus rathbuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,rathbuni,,,,,"Jordan & Meek, 1889", 202597,Percina stictogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,stictogaster,,,,,"Burr & Page, 1993", 202358,Ptychocheilus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ptychocheilus,grandis,,,,,"(Ayers, 1854)", 202152,Macrhybopsis marconis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,marconis,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1886)", 202392,Gambusia clarkhubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,clarkhubbsi,,,,,"Garrett & Edwards, 2003", 184088,Morone americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MORONIDAE,Morone,americana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 202156,Margariscus margarita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Margariscus,margarita,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 202363,Rhinichthys falcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,falcatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1893)", 202572,Percina caprodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,caprodes,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)", 202390,Fundulus sciadicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,sciadicus,,,,,"Cope, 1865", 202546,Etheostoma uniporum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,uniporum,,,,,"Distler, 1968", 202277,Nocomis platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Nocomis,platyrhynchus,,,,,"Lachner & Jenkins, 1971", 202592,Percina sciera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,sciera,,,,,"(Swain, 1883)", 202559,Lepomis miniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,miniatus,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202553,Etheostoma zonifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,zonifer,,,,,"(Hubbs & Cannon, 1935)", 202280,Notropis alborus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,alborus,,,,,"Hubbs & Raney, 1947", 202543,Etheostoma tetrazonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,tetrazonum,,,,,"(Hubbs & Black, 1940)", 9187,Gila intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,intermedia,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 8127,Etheostoma rubrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,rubrum,,,,,"Raney & Suttkus, 1966", 202691,Noturus gyrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,gyrinus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1817)", 202518,Etheostoma pseudovulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,pseudovulatum,,,,,"Page & Ceas, 1992", 202140,Luxilus zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,zonatus,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1863)", 202305,Notropis heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,heterolepis,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1893", 202357,Pteronotropis stonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,stonei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1921)", 202408,Hiodon alosoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,HIODONTIDAE,Hiodon,alosoides,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1819)", 202308,Notropis leuciodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,leuciodus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202692,Noturus hildebrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,hildebrandi,,,,,"(Bailey & Taylor, 1950)", 202139,Luxilus pilsbryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,pilsbryi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1904)", 202135,Luxilus cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,cardinalis,,,,,"(Mayden, 1988)", 202545,Etheostoma tippecanoe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,tippecanoe,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1890", 202585,Percina nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,nigrofasciata,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1854)", 202620,Ichthyomyzon greeleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Ichthyomyzon,greeleyi,,,,,"Hubbs & Trautman, 1937", 202370,Semotilus atromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semotilus,atromaculatus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)", 202324,Notropis sabinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,sabinae,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1886", 202517,Etheostoma proeliare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,proeliare,,,,,"(Hay, 1881)", 202602,Pomoxis annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Pomoxis,annularis,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1818", 202394,Gambusia holbrooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,holbrooki,,,,,"Girard, 1859", 202111,Hybognathus hankinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybognathus,hankinsoni,,,,,"Hubbs, 1929", 202683,Noturus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,elegans,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 8892,Gambusia heterochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,heterochir,,,,,"Hubbs, 1957", 62225,Entosphenus tridentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Entosphenus,tridentatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)", 202300,Notropis dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,dorsalis,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1854)", 8895,Gambusia nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,nobilis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 202404,Umbra pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,UMBRIDAE,Umbra,pygmaea,,,,,"(DeKay, 1842)", 202116,Hybopsis amblops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybopsis,amblops,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 202547,Etheostoma variatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,variatum,,,,,"Kirtland, 1840", 202304,Notropis heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,heterodon,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 202619,Ichthyomyzon gagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Ichthyomyzon,gagei,,,,,"Hubbs & Trautman, 1937", 202598,Percina suttkusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,suttkusi,,,,,"Thompson, 1997", 202321,Notropis rubellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,rubellus,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1850)", 202255,Moxostoma pisolabrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,pisolabrum,,,,,"Trautman & Martin, 1951", 135719,Lethenteron camtschaticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lethenteron,camtschaticum,,,,,"(Tilesius, 1811)",Earlier known as Lethenteron japonicum. 202287,Notropis asperifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,asperifrons,,,,,"Suttkus & Raney, 1955", 202133,Lepidomeda copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lepidomeda,copei,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)", 202282,Notropis ammophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,ammophilus,,,,,"Suttkus & Boschung, 1990", 202557,Lepomis marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,marginatus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1855)", 191291,Phenacobius mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phenacobius,mirabilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202105,Gila coerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,coerulea,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202343,Phenacobius catostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phenacobius,catostomus,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202409,Hiodon tergisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,HIODONTIDAE,Hiodon,tergisus,,,,,"Lesueur, 1818", 202569,Percina aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,aurantiaca,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 184081,Luxilus chrysocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,chrysocephalus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 202381,Fundulus diaphanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,diaphanus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)", 202395,Heterandria formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Heterandria,formosa,,,,,"Agassiz, 1855", 202317,Notropis petersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,petersoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1942", 202359,Ptychocheilus oregonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ptychocheilus,oregonensis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)", 202119,Hybopsis lineapunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybopsis,lineapunctata,,,,,"Clemmer & Suttkus, 1971", 202584,Percina nevisense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,nevisense,,,,,"Cope, 1870", 184098,Notemigonus crysoleucas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notemigonus,crysoleucas,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)", 202329,Notropis stilbius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,stilbius,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202166,Moxostoma lachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,lachneri,,,,,"Robins & Raney, 1956", 202385,Fundulus kansae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,kansae,,,,,"Garman, 1895", 202579,Percina gymnocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,gymnocephala,,,,,"Beckham, 1980", 184090,Fundulus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,notatus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 8165,Eucyclogobius newberryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eucyclogobius,newberryi,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202378,Fundulus catenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,catenatus,,,,,"(Storer, 1846)", 8891,Gambusia georgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,georgei,,,,,"Hubbs & Peden, 1969", 202563,Micropterus coosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,coosae,,,,,"Hubbs & Bailey, 1940", 11579,Lepidomeda vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lepidomeda,vittata,,,,,"Cope, 1874", 202586,Percina notogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,notogramma,,,,,"(Raney & Hubbs, 1948)", 184099,Spirinchus thaleichthys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Spirinchus,thaleichthys,,,,,"(Ayres, 1860)", 202332,Notropis texanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,texanus,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202389,Fundulus rubrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,rubrifrons,,,,,"(Jordan, 1880)", 135675,Lota lota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Lota,lota,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The genus Lota is in a need of critical revision. Populations from eastern Siberia and North America represent a distinct species, L. maculosa." 202520,Etheostoma pyrrhogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,pyrrhogaster,,,,,"Bailey & Etnier, 1988", 202411,Lepisosteus platostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LEPISOSTEIFORMES,LEPISOSTEIDAE,Lepisosteus,platostomus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 202285,Notropis amplamala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,amplamala,,,,,"Pera & Armbruster, 2006", 202671,Myoxocephalus thompsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Myoxocephalus,thompsonii,,,,,"(Girard, 1851)","Whilst the Catalogue of Fishes (April 2013) follows Scott and Crossman 1998, B. Delling pers. comm. 2013 to J. Freyhof) prefers Triglopsis as the correct genus following Neyelov (latest revision?), with qudricornis and thompsonii  differering strongly from Myoxocephalus  in: 1) Cephalic lateral line system.2) Only fresh and brackish water occurrence (i.e. they are freshwater fishes tolerating brackish water like other freshwater fishes , e.g, pike, perch, roach etc)." 202515,Etheostoma phytophilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,phytophilum,,,,,"Bart & Taylor, 1999", 202693,Noturus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,insignis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)", 202137,Luxilus coccogenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,coccogenis,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202108,Gila pandora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,pandora,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)", 202153,Macrhybopsis storeriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,storeriana,,,,,"(Kirtland, 1845)", 202549,Etheostoma vitreum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,vitreum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202254,Moxostoma pappillosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,pappillosum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202326,Notropis scepticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,scepticus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)", 18227213,Moxostoma duquesnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,duquesnii,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)", 202141,Luxilus zonistius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,zonistius,,,,,"Jordan, 1880", 202127,Ictiobus cyprinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Ictiobus,cyprinellus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)", 202516,Etheostoma podostemone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,podostemone,,,,,"Jordan & Jenkins, 1889", 202523,Etheostoma ramseyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,ramseyi,,,,,"Suttkus & Bailey, 1994", 202311,Notropis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,maculatus,,,,,"(Hay, 1881)", 9920,Hemitremia flammea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hemitremia,flammea,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1878)", 202412,Lepisosteus platyrhincus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LEPISOSTEIFORMES,LEPISOSTEIDAE,Lepisosteus,platyrhincus,,,,,"DeKay, 1842", 11576,Lepidomeda albivallis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lepidomeda,albivallis,,,,,"Miller & Hubbs, 1960", 202574,Percina copelandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,copelandi,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202565,Micropterus punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,punctulatus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1819)", 202623,Lethenteron alaskense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lethenteron,alaskense,,,,,"Vladykov & Kott, 1978", 202345,Phenacobius uranops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phenacobius,uranops,,,,,"Cope, 1867", 8709,Fundulus waccamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,waccamensis,,,,,"Hubbs & Raney, 1946", 202261,Mylocheilus caurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Mylocheilus,caurinus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)", 202368,Richardsonius balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Richardsonius,balteatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)", 202118,Hybopsis hypsinotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybopsis,hypsinotus,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202115,Hybognathus regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybognathus,regius,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 202163,Moxostoma collapsum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,collapsum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 184101,Lythrurus bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,bellus,,,,,"(Hay, 1881)","Lythrurus alegnotus formerly was regarded as a subspecies of Lythrurus bellus. Nelson et al. (2004) listed Lythrurus alegnotus as a distinct species, based on Gilbert (1998). Boschung and Mayden (2004) treated the two taxa as distinct species but mapped some records as ""Lythrurus bellus x L. alegnotus.""" 202580,Percina kathae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,kathae,,,,,"Thompson, 1997", 202107,Gila orcuttii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,orcuttii,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)", 202701,Pylodictis olivaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Pylodictis,olivaris,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)", 202616,Ichthyomyzon bdellium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Ichthyomyzon,bdellium,,,,,"(Jordan, 1885)", 202161,Moxostoma carinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,carinatum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202529,Etheostoma sanguifluum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,sanguifluum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202386,Fundulus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,lineolatus,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1854)", 202689,Noturus funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,funebris,,,,,"Gilbert & Swain, 1891", 202356,Pteronotropis signipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,signipinnis,,,,,"(Bailey & Suttkus, 1952)", 202573,Percina carbonaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,carbonaria,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 202136,Luxilus cerasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,cerasinus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202145,Lythrurus fumeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,fumeus,,,,,"(Evermann, 1892)", 202313,Notropis nubilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,nubilus,,,,,"(Forbes, 1878)", 202281,Notropis altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,altipinnis,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202123,Hypentelium etowanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Hypentelium,etowanum,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 9180,Siphateles alvordensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Siphateles,alvordensis,,,,,"(Hubbs & Miller, 1972)", 202587,Percina oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Hubbs & Raney, 1939)", 202143,Lythrurus atrapiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,atrapiculus,,,,,"(Snelson, 1972)", 202593,Percina shumardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,shumardi,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 202103,Exoglossum maxillingua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Exoglossum,maxillingua,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)", 202685,Noturus exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,exilis,,,,,"Nelson, 1876", 202567,Perca flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Perca,flavescens,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1814)", 202538,Etheostoma susanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,susanae,,,,,"(Jordan & Swain, 1883)", 202309,Notropis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,longirostris,,,,,"(Hay, 1881)", 8130,Etheostoma striatulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,striatulum,,,,,"Page & Braasch, 1977", 202544,Etheostoma thalassinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,thalassinum,,,,,"(Jordan & Brayton, 1878)", 202604,Sander canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Sander,canadensis,,,,,"(Griffith & Smith, 1834)", 202684,Noturus eleutherus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,eleutherus,,,,,"Jordan, 1877", 202360,Ptychocheilus umpquae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ptychocheilus,umpquae,,,,,"Snyder, 1908", 202112,Hybognathus hayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybognathus,hayi,,,,,"Jordan, 1885", 184095,Lepomis auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,auritus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 202162,Moxostoma cervinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,cervinum,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202629,Entosphenus lethophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Entosphenus,lethophagus,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1971)", 202521,Etheostoma radiosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,radiosum,,,,,"(Hubbs & Black, 1941)", 202340,Orthodon microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Orthodon,microlepidotus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1854)", 9182,Siphateles boraxobius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Siphateles,boraxobius,,,,,"(Williams & Bond, 1980)","Previously considered to be a population of Gila alvordensis (prior to 1980), which is listed separately." 202398,Lucania goodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Lucania,goodei,,,,,"Jordan, 1880", 202688,Noturus flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,flavus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1818", 11207,Lampetra hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,hubbsi,,,,,"(Vladykov & Kott, 1976)",Recently known as Entosphenus hubbsi. 10847,Iotichthys phlegethontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Iotichthys,phlegethontis,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 202331,Notropis telescopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,telescopus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202382,Fundulus dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,dispar,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1854)", 202289,Notropis atrocaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,atrocaudalis,,,,,"Evermann, 1892", 202695,Noturus maydeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,maydeni,,,,,"Egge & Simons, 2006", 202327,Notropis shumardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,shumardi,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 8132,Etheostoma tuscumbia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,tuscumbia,,,,,"Gilbert & Swain, 1887","As presently circumscribed, Etheostoma tuscumbia may represent multiple species (Boschung and Mayden 2004). Further study is needed." 201948,Alosa pseudoharengus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,pseudoharengus,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)", 202301,Notropis edwardraneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,edwardraneyi,,,,,"Suttkus & Clemmer, 1968", 202534,Etheostoma smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,smithi,,,,,"Page & Braasch, 1976", 202121,Hybopsis winchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybopsis,winchelli,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 202120,Hybopsis rubrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybopsis,rubrifrons,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202295,Notropis chalybaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,chalybaeus,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 202552,Etheostoma zonale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,zonale,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202273,Nocomis biguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Nocomis,biguttatus,,,,,"(Kirtland, 1841)", 202589,Percina peltata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,peltata,,,,,"(Stauffer, 1864)", 184094,Notropis greenei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,greenei,,,,,"Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929", 202522,Etheostoma rafinesquei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,rafinesquei,,,,,"Burr & Page, 1982", 202403,Umbra limi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,UMBRIDAE,Umbra,limi,,,,,"(Kirtland, 1840)", 202513,Etheostoma percnurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,percnurum,,,,,"Jenkins, 1994", 202380,Fundulus cingulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,cingulatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846", 202336,Notropis xaenocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,xaenocephalus,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202383,Fundulus escambiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,escambiae,,,,,"(Bollman, 1887)", 202102,Exoglossum laurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Exoglossum,laurae,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1931)", 202117,Hybopsis amnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybopsis,amnis,,,,,"(Hubbs & Greene, 1951)", 8131,Etheostoma trisella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,trisella,,,,,"Bailey & Richards, 1963", 202347,Pimephales tenellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pimephales,tenellus,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 202125,Hypentelium roanokense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Hypentelium,roanokense,,,,,"Raney & Lachner, 1947", 202550,Etheostoma vulneratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,vulneratum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202415,Thaleichthys pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Thaleichthys,pacificus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)", 18878,Pungitius pungitius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,pungitius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22599,Typhlichthys subterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,AMBLYOPSIDAE,Typhlichthys,subterraneus,,,,,"Girard, 1859", 202526,Etheostoma rupestre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,rupestre,,,,,"Gilbert & Swain, 1887", 202548,Etheostoma virgatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,virgatum,,,,,"(Jordan, 1880)", 202566,Morone mississippiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MORONIDAE,Morone,mississippiensis,,,,,"Jordan & Eigenmann, 1887", 202630,Lampetra richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,richardsoni,,,,,"Vladykov & Follett, 1965", 202618,Ichthyomyzon fossor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Ichthyomyzon,fossor,,,,,"Reighard & Cummins, 1916", 202144,Lythrurus fasciolaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,fasciolaris,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1891)", 202369,Richardsonius egregius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Richardsonius,egregius,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 202131,Hesperoleucus symmetricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hesperoleucus,symmetricus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1854)", 202294,Notropis candidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,candidus,,,,,"Suttkus, 1980", 202540,Etheostoma swannanoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,swannanoa,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1889", 202575,Percina crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,crassa,,,,,"(Jordan & Brayton, 1878)", 202319,Notropis potteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,potteri,,,,,"Hubbs & Bonham, 1951", 202374,Thoburnia rhothoeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Thoburnia,rhothoeca,,,,,"(Thoburn, 1896)", 202353,Pteronotropis hypselopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,hypselopterus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 201945,Menidia audens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,audens,,,,,"Hay, 1882", 202334,Notropis volucellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,volucellus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 202603,Pomoxis nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Pomoxis,nigromaculatus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1829)", 202670,Leptocottus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Leptocottus,armatus,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 202293,Notropis buccata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,buccata,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 202680,Ictalurus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ictalurus,punctatus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)", 184079,Fundulus bifax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,bifax,,,,,"Cashner & Rogers, 1988","Fundulus bifax formerly was included in F. stellifer; bifax is separable from stellifer by complete allelic differences at several loci and by details of pigmentation and breeding coloration (Rogers and Cashner 1987, Cashner et al. 1988). Allozyme data indicate that F. bifax is the sister to F. catenatus and that F. stellifer forms the sister group to the F. bifax-F. catenatus clade (Cashner et al. 1992)." 202617,Ichthyomyzon castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Ichthyomyzon,castaneus,,,,,"Girard, 1858", 202591,Percina roanoka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,roanoka,,,,,"(Jordan & Jenkins, 1889)", 202405,Microgadus tomcod,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Microgadus,tomcod,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 202292,Notropis boops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,boops,,,,,"Gilbert, 1884", 202696,Noturus nocturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,nocturnus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1886", 202514,Etheostoma perlongum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,perlongum,,,,,"(Hubbs & Raney, 1946)", 202384,Fundulus euryzonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,euryzonus,,,,,"Suttkus & Cashner, 1981", 202391,Fundulus stellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,stellifer,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 189824,Fundulus heteroclitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,heteroclitus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1776)", 202613,Percopsis omiscomaycus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,PERCOPSIDAE,Percopsis,omiscomaycus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 202312,Notropis micropteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,micropteryx,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 202555,Lepomis gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,gibbosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 197877,Macrobrachium lamarrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lamarrei,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)", 18264388,Trachylepis paucisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,paucisquamis,,,,,"(Hoogmoed, 1978)","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. Populations with three-keeled scales, a characteristic of Trachylepis affinis, are common (especially in Liberia), and T. paucisquamis may be a junior synonym of T. affinis (Trape et al. 2012)." 18267928,Callimachus youngorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE,Callimachus,youngorum,,,,,"Bolstad, 2010", 178700,Letheobia praeocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,praeocularis,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1894)", 11003,Kinixys homeana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Kinixys,homeana,,,,,"Bell, 1827","No synonyms or subspecies of Kinixys homeana have been described, and no geographic variation is known." 54441,Nyctibates corrugatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Nyctibates,corrugatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 54442,Scotobleps gabonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Scotobleps,gabonicus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 54443,Trichobatrachus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Trichobatrachus,robustus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 55282,Hemisus microscaphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,microscaphus,,,,,"Laurent, 1972", 58299,Hoplobatrachus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Hoplobatrachus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","This species is believed to consist of at least two species (Bogart and Tandy 1981), with tetraploid populations known from the islands of Lake Victoria and from Liberia. These have not yet been formally distinguished." 55283,Hemisus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,olivaceus,,,,,"Laurent, 1963", 55284,Hemisus perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,perreti,,,,,"Laurent, 1972", 55278,Hemisus brachydactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,brachydactylus,,,,,"Laurent, 1963", 54889,Mertensophryne loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,loveridgei,,,,,"(Poynton, 1991)", 57718,Breviceps poweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,poweri,,,,,"Parker, 1934", 57720,Breviceps sopranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,sopranus,,,,,"Minter, 2003", 54412,Arthroleptis xenochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,xenochirus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905","Poynton (2003) placed this species in the genus Schoutedenella. There are major taxonomic problems with the genera Arthroleptis and Schoutedenella through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54403,Cardioglossa gratiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,gratiosa,,,,,"Amiet, 1972", 76500250,Cardioglossa leucomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,leucomystax,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","The western range of this species (Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone) has now been attributed to Cardioglossa occidentalis. Further taxonomic changes are anticipated for this new concept as the eastern half of its range is likely to represent a genetically distinct and undescribed species (D. Blackburn pers. comm. October 2015)." 54401,Cardioglossa escalerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,escalerae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 54402,Cardioglossa gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,gracilis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 54429,Leptodactylodon blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,blanci,,,,,"Ohler, 1999", 45550902,Arthroleptis schubotzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,schubotzi,,,,," Nieden, 1911","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. This form almost certainly includes more than one species. In addition, Arthroleptis discodactyla was recently listed as a synonym of Arthroleptis schubotzi (Frost 2013)." 54384,Arthroleptis spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,spinalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1919","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54378,Arthroleptis nimbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,nimbaensis,,,,,"Angel, 1950","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54379,Arthroleptis phrynoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,phrynoides,,,,,"(Laurent, 1976)","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54380,Arthroleptis poecilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,poecilonotus,,,,,"Peters, 1863","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. It is possible that Arthroleptis bivittatus is a synonym of A. poecilinotus, but more field observations are needed to confirm this (Perret 1991). Populations assigned to this species clearly represent more than one species (Rödel and Bangoura 2004; Blackburn et al. 2010), with at least one found in countries ranging from eastern Nigeria and east, and the other from Ghana to the west (if not more than one species)." 54373,Arthroleptis lameerei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,lameerei,,,,,"Witte, 1921","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54374,Arthroleptis loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,loveridgei,,,,,"Witte, 1933","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54376,Arthroleptis mossoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,mossoensis,,,,,"(Laurent, 1954)","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54372,Arthroleptis hematogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,hematogaster,,,,,"(Laurent, 1954)","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54398,Cardioglossa cyaneospila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,cyaneospila,,,,,"Laurent, 1950", 56293,Phlyctimantis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Phlyctimantis,boulengeri,,,,,"Perret, 1986","The western populations probably belong to an undescribed species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). The distinction between this species and Phlyctimantis leonardi is in question (Largen and Dowsett-Lemaire 1991, Schiøtz 1999)." 56296,Phlyctimantis verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Phlyctimantis,verrucosus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 54400,Cardioglossa elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,elegans,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 56295,Phlyctimantis leonardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Phlyctimantis,leonardi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","The distinction between this species and Phlyctimantis boulengeri is in question (Largen and Dowsett-Lemaire 1991, Schiøtz 1999). Records from Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) refer to Phlyctimantis boulengeri." 56290,Opisthothylax immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Opisthothylax,immaculatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 73346893,Arthroleptis xenodactyloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,xenodactyloides,,,,,"Hewitt, 1933","There is a suggestion that this taxon is likely to represent more than one species based on molecular evidence (David Blackburn and Simon Loader, pers. comm. Nov 2012)." 56292,Paracassina obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Paracassina,obscura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 54396,Arthroleptis zimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,zimmeri,,,,,"(Ahl, 1925)","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. This species' name, Arthroleptis zimmeri, cannot yet be assigned with certainty to any known species in the wild." 54390,Arthroleptis tuberosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,tuberosus,,,,,"Andersson, 1905","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. There is still a lot of taxonomic confusion particularly with this species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016), and specimens currently referred to as Arthroleptis adelphus might possibly belong to this species (J.-L. Amiet pers. comm.)." 54392,Arthroleptis vercammeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,vercammeni,,,,,"(Laurent, 1954)","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54386,Arthroleptis sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,sylvaticus,,,,,"(Laurent, 1954)","This is a complex of undescribed species and work on this group is either planned or in progress (Blackburn and Gvozdík unpublished). There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. It is very likely that this name covers more than one species." 54387,Arthroleptis taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,taeniatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 54833,Mertensophryne micranotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,micranotis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1925)", 54835,Nectophryne afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophryne,afra,,,,,"Buchholz and Peters, 1875", 54836,Nectophryne batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nectophryne,batesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1913", 54367,Arthroleptis brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,brevipes,,,,,"Ahl, 1923","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 136068,Hyperolius nasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,nasicus,,,,,"Laurent, 1943","This taxon was traditionally treated as a synonym of Hyperolius nasutus. However, Schiøtz (2006b) considered it to be closer to H. benguellensis, and it is treated here as a distinct species, pending clarification of its status." 54365,Arthroleptis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,affinis,,,,,"Ahl, 1939","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology.  It is possible that montane biological populations may refer to a different species (Poynton and Loader in Frost 2014)." 54366,Arthroleptis bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,bivittatus,,,,,"Müller, 1885","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. In the past, Arthroleptis bivittatus has been confused with Arthroleptis taeniatus, which is clearly a distinct species. It is possible that A. bivitattatus is a synonym of A. poecilinotus, but more field observations are needed to confirm this (Perret 1991)." 136044,Mertensophryne nairobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,nairobiensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)","This species was removed from the synonymy of M. lonnbergi by Poynton (1997) and included within M. mocquardi. However, we follow Channing and Howell (2006) in giving M. nairobiensis full species status. M. Tandy (pers. comm.) considers both M. mocquardi and M. nairobiensis to be synonyms of M. lonnbergi. More work is needed to resolve its taxonomic status." 54754,Mertensophryne schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,schmidti,,,,,"(Grandison, 1972)", 136152,Hyperolius substriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,substriatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","We follow Pickersgill (2007) in treating mainland populations of frogs previously known as Hyperolius puncticulatus as H. substriatus. Under this arrangement, H. puncticulatus is endemic to Unguja (Zanzibar) island." 21283,Tachycnemis seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Tachycnemis,seychellensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)", 54775,Mertensophryne taitana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,taitana,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)", 56060,Afrixalus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1875)", 56058,Afrixalus crotalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,crotalus,,,,,"Pickersgill, 1984", 56064,Afrixalus fulvovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,fulvovittatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)","We follow Perret (1976), Rödel (2000) and Pickersgill (in prep.) in separating Afrixalus fulvovittatus from the so-called Afrixalus vittatus complex of Schiøtz (1999), which includes Afrixalus quadrivittatus, A. upembae and A. vittiger." 56062,Afrixalus equatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,equatorialis,,,,,"(Laurent, 1941)",This species is closely related to Afrixalus nigeriensis and A. leucostictus (Schiøtz 1999). 56055,Acanthixalus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Acanthixalus,spinosus,,,,,"(Buchholz & Peters, 1875)", 54726,Poyntonophrynus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,parkeri,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 56074,Afrixalus paradorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,paradorsalis,,,,,"Perret, 1960", 56073,Afrixalus osorioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,osorioi,,,,,"(Ferreira, 1906)", 56076,Afrixalus schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,schneideri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1899)","Perret (1960; 1976) considers this to be an unmistakeable species on the basis of its morphology. However, Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that the type (and only) specimen is probably an aberrant Afrixalus paradorsalis." 56075,Afrixalus quadrivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,quadrivittatus,,,,,"(Werner, 1907)",We follow Rödel (2000) and Pickersgill (2000.) in considering Afrixalus quadrivittatus to be specifically distinct from Afrixalus vittiger. A. quadrivittus is part of a complex that includes A. upembae and A. vittiger. 54706,Mertensophryne melanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,melanopleura,,,,,"(Schmidt & Inger, 1959)", 56068,Afrixalus leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,leucostictus,,,,,"Laurent, 1950",The relationship between this species and Afrixalus equatorialis requires further examination (Schiøtz 1999). 56067,Afrixalus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,laevis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1930)", 54712,Mertensophryne mocquardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,mocquardi,,,,,"(Angel, 1924)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Mertensophryne lonnbergi by Poynton (1997), who also included M. nairobiensis within it. However, we follow Channing and Howell (2006) in giving M. nairobiensis full species status. M. Tandy (pers. comm.) considers both M. mocquardi and M. nairobiensis to be synonyms of M. lonnbergi. More work is needed to resolve the taxonomic status of these species." 56069,Afrixalus lindholmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,lindholmi,,,,,"(Andersson, 1907)",According to Perret (1976) this form is possibly a member of the genus Leptopelis (the type specimen is a juvenile). It cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. 56089,Alexteroon obstetricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Alexteroon,obstetricans,,,,,"(Ahl, 1931)", 56092,Hyperolius koehleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,koehleri,,,,,"Mertens, 1940", 56094,Cryptothylax greshoffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Cryptothylax,greshoffii,,,,,"(Schilthuis, 1899)", 56095,Cryptothylax minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Cryptothylax,minutus,,,,,"Laurent, 1976",Schiøtz (1999) considers the validity of this species to be questionable. 54692,Mertensophryne lindneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,lindneri,,,,,"(Mertens, 1955)", 56082,Afrixalus upembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,upembae,,,,,"(Laurent, 1941)","This species is a member of the still unresolved Afrixalus quadrivittatus complex. It is not yet clear whether or not it will prove to be a valid species, or whether or not it is a synonym of another species within this complex." 56084,Afrixalus vittiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,vittiger,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)",We follow Rödel (2000) and Pickersgill (2007) in considering Afrixalus vittiger to be specifically distinct from Afrixalus quadrivittatus. A. vittiger is part of a complex that includes A. upembae and A. quadrivittatus. 56085,Afrixalus weidholzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,weidholzi,,,,,"(Mertens, 1938)", 54696,Poyntonophrynus lughensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,lughensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 56086,Afrixalus wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,wittei,,,,,"(Laurent, 1941)", 56087,Alexteroon hypsiphonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Alexteroon,hypsiphonus,,,,,"Amiet, 2000", 56111,Hyperolius albofrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,albofrenatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931",This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius pusillus. It cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. 54688,Sclerophrys latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,latifrons,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","Amietophrynus has been synonymised with Sclerophrys, and as a result all species that were previously in the former genus are now known under Sclerophrys (Ohler and Dubois 2016).

This species is a taxonomic complex which requires further taxonomic research (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016)." 61845,Breviceps fichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,fichus,,,,,"Channing and Minter, 2004",Earlier records of Breviceps mossambicus from northern Tanzania might belong to B. fichus. 56107,Hyperolius acuticephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,acuticephalus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931",This name cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. 54679,Poyntonophrynus kavangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,kavangensis,,,,,"(Poynton & Broadley, 1988)", 56127,Hyperolius concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,concolor,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1844)", 76317621,Hyperolius cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,cinereus,,,,,"Monard, 1937",This is a restricted concept of H. cinereus following the split of the broader concept into this and H. raymondi (Conradie et al. 2013) 58004,Spelaeophryne methneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Spelaeophryne,methneri,,,,,"Ahl, 1924", 56121,Hyperolius brachiofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,brachiofasciatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","The type specimen of this species has been lost, and it is not possible to apply this name to any known species in the wild (A. Schiøtz pers. comm.)." 56119,Hyperolius bolifambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,bolifambae,,,,,"Mertens, 1938","Lawson (1993) suggested that this species might be conspecific with Hyperolius pardalis, but this is not accepted by J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.)." 136180,Kassina wazae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,wazae,,,,,"Amiet, 2007","Some of the older K. senegalensis records in the Nigerian, Cameroonian, and central Chad (and maybe even further west) require re-checking as there is a possibility of being K. wazae (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016)." 54663,Poyntonophrynus hoeschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,hoeschi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1934)", 56115,Hyperolius baumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,baumanni,,,,,"Ahl, 1931", 56114,Hyperolius balfouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,balfouri,,,,,"(Werner, 1908)", 56142,Hyperolius horstockii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,horstockii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 56141,Hyperolius guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,guttulatus,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 56144,Hyperolius hutsebauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,hutsebauti,,,,,"Laurent, 1956","This species is part of the Hyperolius tuberculatus Group in the H. viridiflavus complex (Schiøtz 1999). It might be conspecific with H. tuberculatus, but according to Laurent (1976) they are possibly sympatric in Ubangi." 57953,Phrynomantis somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Phrynomantis,somalicus,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1941)","This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Phrynomantis bifasciata by Lanza (1990), where it had been placed by Laurent (1965)." 56143,Hyperolius houyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,houyi,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius viridiflavus, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild." 56138,Hyperolius ghesquieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,ghesquieri,,,,,"Laurent, 1943", 56137,Hyperolius fusciventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,fusciventris,,,,,"Peters, 1876","The four subspecies are likely to constitute four separate species, especially since H. f. lamtoensis Schiøtz, 1967 occurs sympatrically with H. f. fusciventris in southwestern Côte d’Ivoire, and with H. f. burtoni Schiøtz, 1963 in southeastern Côte d’Ivoire (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). However, Leaché et al. (2006) consider that subspecies H. f. burtoni, H. f. fusciventris and H. f. lamtoensis would be more appropriately treated as full species. Herein we retain these subspecies until their taxonomic status can be resolved." 56134,Hyperolius ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,ferrugineus,,,,,"Laurent, 1943", 56133,Hyperolius ferreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,ferreirai,,,,,"Noble, 1924","This species might be a synonym of Hyperolius platyceps, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild." 56160,Hyperolius major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,major,,,,,"Laurent, 1957",The relationship between this species and Hyperolius platyceps requires clarification. 56153,Hyperolius lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,lateralis,,,,,"Laurent, 1940", 56154,Hyperolius laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,laticeps,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","The type specimen of this species has been lost, and it is not possible to apply this name to any known species (A. Schiøtz pers. comm.). Segniagbeto et al. (2007) recently indicated that the catalogue numbers of specimens associated to the species description are not specified, making it difficult to precisely identify type material." 61796,Hyperolius camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,camerunensis,,,,,"Amiet, 2004", 56149,Hyperolius kivuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,kivuensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1931", 56150,Hyperolius kuligae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,kuligae,,,,,"Mertens, 1940","The taxonomy of this species is confused. Records from Uganda might belong to Hyperolius langi (Schiøtz 1999). In this account, we assign all records of H. langi from Uganda to H. kuligae, pending resolution of their taxonomic status." 54632,Poyntonophrynus dombensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,dombensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1895)", 56151,Hyperolius lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,lamottei,,,,,"Laurent, 1958","We follow Rödel and Ernst (2003), Schiøtz (1999), and Channing et al. (2013) rather than Channing et al. (2002), in considering this to be a species distinct from Hyperolius nasutus." 56152,Hyperolius langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,langi,,,,,"Noble, 1924","The relationship of this species to Hyperolius kuligae and H. platyceps needs clarification. We follow Schiøtz (1999) in assigning records of this species from Uganda (e.g., Drewes and Vindum 1994, Vonesh 2001) to H. kuligae." 56145,Hyperolius inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,inornatus,,,,,"Laurent, 1943", 56146,Hyperolius kachalolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,kachalolae,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1975","Poynton and Broadley (1987) questioned whether or not this species is is different from Hyperolius bocagei. Schiøtz and van Daele (2003) examined the type of H. bocagei, and found it to be a synonym of the the Hyperolius viridiflavus Group, probably H. parallelus. It therefore seems likely that some of the more recent records in the literature of H. bocagei actually refer to H. kachalolae." 56147,Hyperolius kibarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,kibarae,,,,,"Laurent, 1957","This species is apparently closely related to Hyperolius atrigularis, according to Laurent (1957)." 56162,Hyperolius mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,mariae,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983, Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, have a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"". The following distinct forms were not treated in the analysis by Wieczorek et al. (2001) and therefore cannot be allocated to any of their ten species: spatzi, pallidus, pachydermus, destefanii, variabilis, coerulescens, karissimbiensis, francoisi, sheldricki, rubripes, mwanzae, reesi, bitaeniatus, rhodoscelis, nyassae, taeniatus, insignis, alborufus, epheboides, aposematicus and broadleyi. An un-named form from Marsabit in northern Kenya also cannot be allocated within the Wieczorek et al. (2001) arrangement of species. The arrangement currently followed by the Global Amphibian Assessment is provisional, pending a more complete analysis of the relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that it would have been prefereable for the Global Amphibian Assessment to treat the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies as a single species, because under this arrangement, all the described forms are covered unambiguously. Pickersgill (2007) treated renschi as separate species, but we follow Frost (2007) in including it under H. mariae." 56167,Hyperolius mosaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,mosaicus,,,,,"Perret, 1959", 84385749,Hyperolius nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,nasutus,,,,,"Günther, 1865",The former understanding of this concept has been revised and certain parts of its range have been assigned to other species (both newly described and previously synonymized). 56165,Hyperolius mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,mitchelli,,,,,"Loveridge, 1953", 56172,Hyperolius obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,obscurus,,,,,"Laurent, 1943", 56176,Hyperolius parallelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,parallelus,,,,,"Günther, 1858","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983, Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, have a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"". The following distinct forms were not treated in the analysis by Wieczorek et al. (2001) and therefore cannot be allocated to any their ten species: spatzi, pallidus, pachydermus, destefanii, variabilis, coerulescens, karissimbiensis, francoisi, sheldricki, rubripes, mwanzae, reesi, bitaeniatus, rhodoscelis, nyassae, taeniatus, insignis, alborufus, epheboides, aposematicus and broadleyi. An un-named form from Marsabit in northern Kenya also cannot be allocated within the Wieczorek et al. (2001) arrangement of species. The arrangement currently followed by the Global Amphibian Assessment is provisional, pending a more complete analysis of the relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that it would have been prefereable for the Global Amphibian Assessment to treat the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies as a single species, because under this arrangement, all the described forms are covered unambiguously." 56173,Hyperolius occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,occidentalis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56174,Hyperolius ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,ocellatus,,,,,"Gunther, 1858", 56180,Hyperolius picturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,picturatus,,,,,"Peters, 1875",This species probably comprises at least two cryptic species (Schiøtz 1999). 57949,Phrynomantis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Phrynomantis,affinis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901",This poorly known species possibly intergrades with Phrynomantis bifasciatus (Poynton and Broadley 1985). 56179,Hyperolius phantasticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,phantasticus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 57952,Phrynomantis microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Phrynomantis,microps,,,,,"Peters, 1875", 56178,Hyperolius parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,parkeri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1933", 56177,Hyperolius pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,pardalis,,,,,"Laurent, 1948","This species is sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Hyperolius steindachneri. Lawson (1993) suggested that Hyperolius bolifambae might be a synonym of this species, but this is not accepted by J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.). We follow J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.) in considering records from Korup National Park in southwestern Cameroon to belong to H. bolifambae." 56182,Hyperolius platyceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,platyceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","The relationship of this species to Hyperolius kuligae and H. langi needs clarification (Schiøtz 1999). The status of Hyperolius platyceps lomamiensis Laurent, 1943 (type locality Kisamba, near Kamina, in southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo), and Hyperolius platyceps olbrechtsi Laurent, 1952 (type locality Nyunzu, west of Albertville in southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo) remains obscure. They are usually considered to be synonyms of Hyperolius platyceps, but because both localities are far outside the otherwise known range of H. platyceps, they are not included here, pending further investigation of their status." 56181,Hyperolius pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,pictus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931", 56186,Hyperolius pseudargus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,pseudargus,,,,,"Schiøtz & Westergaard in Schiøtz, 1999", 56192,Hyperolius quadratomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,quadratomaculatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931",This name cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. 56191,Hyperolius pyrrhodictyon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,pyrrhodictyon,,,,,"Laurent, 1965","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983, Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, have a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"". The following distinct forms were not treated in the analysis by Wieczorek et al. (2001) and therefore cannot be allocated to any their ten species: spatzi, pallidus, pachydermus, destefanii, variabilis, coerulescens, karissimbiensis, francoisi, sheldricki, rubripes, mwanzae, reesi, bitaeniatus, rhodoscelis, nyassae, taeniatus, insignis, alborufus, epheboides, aposematicus and broadleyi. An un-named form from Marsabit in northern Kenya also cannot be allocated within the Wieczorek et al. (2001) arrangement of species. The arrangement currently followed by the Global Amphibian Assessment is provisional, pending a more complete analysis of the relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that it would have been prefereable for the Global Amphibian Assessment to treat the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies as a single species, because under this arrangement, all the described forms are covered unambiguously." 56190,Hyperolius pustulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,pustulifer,,,,,"Laurent, 1940","This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius kivuensis, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild." 56193,Hyperolius quinquevittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,quinquevittatus,,,,,"Bocage, 1866", 56197,Hyperolius rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,rhodesianus,,,,,"Laurent, 1947","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983, Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, have a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"". The following distinct forms were not treated in the analysis by Wieczorek et al. (2001) and therefore cannot be allocated to any their ten species: spatzi, pallidus, pachydermus, destefanii, variabilis, coerulescens, karissimbiensis, francoisi, sheldricki, rubripes, mwanzae, reesi, bitaeniatus, rhodoscelis, nyassae, taeniatus, insignis, alborufus, epheboides, aposematicus and broadleyi. An un-named form from Marsabit in northern Kenya also cannot be allocated within the Wieczorek et al. (2001) arrangement of species. The arrangement currently followed by the Global Amphibian Assessment is provisional, pending a more complete analysis of the relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that it would have been prefereable for the Global Amphibian Assessment to treat the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies as a single species, because under this arrangement, all the described forms are covered unambiguously." 56199,Hyperolius robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,robustus,,,,,"Laurent, 1979", 56201,Hyperolius sankuruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,sankuruensis,,,,,"Laurent, 1979", 56202,Hyperolius schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,schoutedeni,,,,,"Laurent, 1943", 141756016,Hyperolius soror,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,soror,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1921)","During the 2004 assessment of this species, it was treated as a likely synonym with Hyperolius wermuthi, which followed Schiøtz (1999). However, the 2015 update of the assessment for this species now considers H. wermuthi as synonymous with this concept (L. Sandberger and D. Frost pers. comm. July 2016)." 56208,Hyperolius steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,steindachneri,,,,,"Bocage, 1866", 56210,Hyperolius swynnertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,swynnertoni,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1941","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983, Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, have a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"". The following distinct forms were not treated in the analysis by Wieczorek et al. (2001) and therefore cannot be allocated to any their ten species: spatzi, pallidus, pachydermus, destefanii, variabilis, coerulescens, karissimbiensis, francoisi, sheldricki, rubripes, mwanzae, reesi, bitaeniatus, rhodoscelis, nyassae, taeniatus, insignis, alborufus, epheboides, aposematicus and broadleyi. An un-named form from Marsabit in northern Kenya also cannot be allocated within the Wieczorek et al. (2001) arrangement of species. The arrangement currently followed by the Global Amphibian Assessment is provisional, pending a more complete analysis of the relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that it would have been prefereable for the Global Amphibian Assessment to treat the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies as a single species, because under this arrangement, all the described forms are covered unambiguously. Pickersgill (2007) treated broadleyi as separate species, but we follow Frost (2007) in including it under H. swynnertoni." 56209,Hyperolius stenodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,stenodactylus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius concolor, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild." 56211,Hyperolius sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,sylvaticus,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56214,Hyperolius tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,tornieri,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","The type specimen of this species has been lost, and it is not possible to apply this name to any known species in the wild (Schiøtz pers. comm.)." 56223,Hyperolius xenorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,xenorhinus,,,,,"Laurent, 1972",This species could be an aberrant form of Hyperolius discodactylus (Laurent 1972). 56232,Kassina maculifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,maculifer,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 56229,Kassina kuvangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,kuvangensis,,,,,"(Monard, 1937)", 56228,Kassina fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,fusca,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56226,Kassina cassinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,cassinoides,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 56239,Leptopelis anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,anchietae,,,,,"(Bocage, 1873)",This species is closely related to Leptopelis nordequatorialis and L. oryi (Perret 1976). 88340714,Leptopelis argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,argenteus,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)",Leptolelis broadleyi has been synonymized under this species by Channing (2001). This species is closely related to Leptopelis concolor. 56237,Kassina somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,somalica,,,,,"Scortecci, 1932","This species is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Kassina senegalensis (see, for example, Schiøtz (1999)." 56238,Kassinula wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassinula,wittei,,,,,"Laurent, 1940", 56235,Kassina schioetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,schioetzi,,,,,"Rödel, Grafe, Rudolf and Ernst, 2002", 56233,Kassina maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,maculosa,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1917)",We follow Amiet (2007) in removing Kassina decorata from the synonymy of this species. The relationship between Kassina maculosa and K. merstensi also requires clarification. 56234,Kassina mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,mertensi,,,,,"Laurent, 1952",There are doubts about the taxonomic validity of this taxon. 56247,Leptopelis brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,brevirostris,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)", 56246,Leptopelis brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,brevipes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)",This species might be a synonym of Leptopelis brevirostris (Perret pers. comm.). 56245,Leptopelis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,boulengeri,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)", 56244,Leptopelis bocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,bocagii,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)","The use of the name Leptopelis bocagii does not appear to match the species originally described by Günther in 1864 (Amiet 2004), and so the name is used here in the sense used by Schiøtz (1999) pending clarification of its status. In any case, it is probably a complex of more than one species (Amiet 2004; A. Schiøtz pers. comm.)." 56243,Leptopelis bequaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,bequaerti,,,,,"Loveridge, 1941",This name has not been matched to any known species in the wild. 56241,Leptopelis aubryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,aubryi,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)", 56255,Leptopelis fiziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,fiziensis,,,,,"Laurent, 1973","This species is probably closely related to Leptopelis modestus, and is perhaps conspecific with it (Schiøtz 1999)." 56253,Leptopelis cynnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,cynnamomeus,,,,,"(Bocage, 1893)","The taxonomic status of this form, in particular its relationship to Leptopelis parbocagii, L. mossambicus and L. broadleyi, still requires further clarification (Poynton and Broadley 1987, Schiøtz 1999)." 56252,Leptopelis concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,concolor,,,,,"Ahl, 1929",This species is closely related to Leptopelis argenteus and Leptopelis broadleyi. We follow Schiøtz (1999) in considering all three to be separate species. 56251,Leptopelis christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,christyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","It is not yet known whether or not specimens from Cameroon belong to a different, undescribed species (Amiet 2004). The large gap between the eastern and western populations could be due to under-sampling (Amiet 2004)." 56250,Leptopelis calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,calcaratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 56249,Leptopelis bufonides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,bufonides,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1967", 56262,Leptopelis lebeaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,lebeaui,,,,,"Witte, 1933","The taxonomic status of this species is very uncertain. It was placed in the synonymy of Leptopelis flavomaculatus by Laurent (1973), but it was provisionally resurrected by Poynton (1985) and Poynton and Broadley (1987). Schiøtz (1999) suggested that might be conspecific with L. mossambicus." 56258,Leptopelis spiritusnoctis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,spiritusnoctis,,,,,"Rödel, 2007","This species was traditionally called Leptopelis hyloides. However, Rödel (2007) and Schiøtz (1999) showed that L. hyloides is in fact a synonym of Leptopelis viridis. As a result, Rödel (2007) provided a new name for this taxon, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis." 56269,Leptopelis nordequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,nordequatorialis,,,,,"Perret, 1966",This species is closely related to Leptopelis anchietae and L. oryi (Perret 1976). 56270,Leptopelis notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,notatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1875)","If Hylambates cubito-albus Boulenger, 1906 (type locality: Kribi, Cameroon, and Unyoro, east of Lake Albert) is a synonym of this species, as is generally supposed, then this species has a much wider distribution. However, such a range seems improbable, and this synonymy should be re-examined." 56272,Leptopelis ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,ocellatus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1902)", 56265,Leptopelis millsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,millsoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 79938473,Leptopelis modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,modestus,,,,,"(Werner, 1898) ","Records from western Kenya previously assigned to this species were assigned to Leptopelis mackayi by Köhler et al. (2006). Records from eastern Democratic Republic of Congo have been assigned to Leptopelis mtoewaate by Portillo and Greenbaum (2014). In addition, Leptopelis aubryioides has been removed from the broader concept of this species by Köhler (2009) and occurs from Southeastern Nigeria through southern Cameroon to Gabon and southern Republic of Congo.

Taxonomic work still needs to be carried out on this species as the complex remains unresolved (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016)." 135846,Leptopelis mackayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,mackayi,,,,,"Köhler, Bwong, Schick, Veith & Lötters, 2006", 56278,Leptopelis parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,parvus,,,,,"Schmidt and Inger, 1959", 56274,Leptopelis oryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,oryi,,,,,"Inger, 1968",This species is closely related to Leptopelis nordequatorialis and L. anchietae (Perret 1976). 56273,Leptopelis aubryioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,aubryioides,,,,,"(Andersson, 1907)","Hylambates rufus aubryioides was elevated from the subspecies level of Leptopelis modestus and made a senior synonym of Leptopelis omissus by Köhler (2009), which has led to this species concept of Leptopelis aubryoides.

This species is referred to as Leptopelis sp. 1 in Amiet (1983) and as Leptopelis sp. aff. calcaratus in Largen and Dowsett-Lemaire (1991)." 56276,Leptopelis parbocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,parbocagii,,,,,"Poynton and Broadley, 1987",The distinction between this species and Leptopelis bocagii remains unclear (Schiøtz 1999). 56285,Leptopelis viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,viridis,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)","The name Leptopelis hyloides (Boulenger, 1906) has traditionally been used for a widespread West African forest treefrog. However, Rödel (2007) and Schiøtz (1999) show that this name is a synonym of Leptopelis viridis. The frogs previously known as L. hyloides have now been named as Leptopelis spiritusnoctis (Rödel 2007)." 56288,Hyperolius molleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,molleri,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1892)",This species has previously been assigned to the genus Nesionixalus. 54415,Astylosternus batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,batesi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 54421,Astylosternus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,occidentalis,,,,,"Parker, 1931",Astylosternus laticephalus was split from this species (Rödel et al. 2012). 58251,Conraua beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CONRAUIDAE,Conraua,beccarii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 58252,Conraua crassipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CONRAUIDAE,Conraua,crassipes,,,,,"(Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1875)","This is comprised of a complex of species and ongoing work by Barej, Blackburn, Rödel, Stuart, and colleagues will result in recognizing multiple species." 58081,Petropedetes newtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,newtonii,,,,,"(Bocage, 1895)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and P. vulpiae (Barej et al. 2010). Also, this species was synonymized with P. johsntoni (Barej et al. 2010) until its revalidation as a distinct species by Sánchez-Vialas et al. (2018)." 48150057,Petropedetes parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,parkeri,,,,,"Amiet, 1983",This is a restricted concept of Petropedetes parkeri following the split of the broader concept into this and Petropedetes euskircheni (Barej et al. 2010). 58074,Phrynobatrachus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,africanus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1858)",This is a complex of at least four or five species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016). 58089,Phrynobatrachus albomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,albomarginatus,,,,,"Witte, 1933", 58093,Phrynobatrachus anotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,anotis,,,,,"Schmidt and Inger, 1959", 58095,Phrynobatrachus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,auritus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900","It is likely a complex of species (Gvozdik pers. comm., Nov 2012). It is possible that the eastern populations of this species should be separated as Phrynobatrachus discodactylus." 58096,Phrynobatrachus batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,batesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)",It is likely that animals from more than one species have been assigned to this name (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). 135737,Phrynobatrachus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,breviceps,,,,,"Pickersgill, 2007", 58099,Phrynobatrachus bullans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,bullans,,,,,"Crutsinger, Pickersgill, Channing & Moyer, 2004", 58100,Phrynobatrachus calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,calcaratus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)","This species is a complex comprising of several species (Zimkus et al. 2010, Gvozdik pers. comm. November 2012)." 58101,Phrynobatrachus congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,congicus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1925)",The taxonomic status of this species is not clear. 58102,Phrynobatrachus cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,cornutus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 58104,Phrynobatrachus cryptotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,cryptotis,,,,,"Schmidt and Inger, 1959",Phrynobatrachus cryptotis might be a junior synonym of P. mababiensis (Poynton and Broadley 1985b). 58107,Phrynobatrachus dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,dispar,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)",We follow Uyeda et al. (2007) in restricting Phrynobatrachus dispar to Príncipe. Frogs from São Tomé previously included within this species are now treated as Phrynobatrachus leveleve. 58109,Phrynobatrachus francisci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,francisci,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912", 58110,Phrynobatrachus fraterculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,fraterculus,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1921)",It is likely that more than one species is referred to under this name (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). 58111,Phrynobatrachus gastoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,gastoni,,,,,"Barbour and Loveridge, 1928", 58113,Phrynobatrachus giorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,giorgii,,,,,"Witte, 1921", 58114,Phrynobatrachus graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,graueri,,,,,"(Nieden, 1911)", 58116,Phrynobatrachus gutturosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,gutturosus,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1921)",It is probable that the West African and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo populations comprise separate species. 58117,Phrynobatrachus hylaios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,hylaios,,,,,"Perret, 1959","J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.) considers that this species, together with Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis, might be synonyms of Phrynobatrachus werneri (or they might collectively constitute parts of a complex of more than one species)." 88417024,Phrynobatrachus latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,latifrons,,,,,"Ahl, 1924",Phrynobatrachus albolabris has been synonymized under this species by Frétey (2008) and P. vogti has been synonymized under this concept by Ofori-Boateng et al (2018). 136137,Phrynobatrachus leveleve,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,leveleve,,,,,"Uyeda, Drewes & Zimkus, 2007", 58126,Phrynobatrachus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,minutus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)",We follow Largen (2001) in removing Phrynobatrachus scheffleri from the synonymy of this specie and also recognize P. albifer as a valid species. 135994,Arthroleptis nlonakoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,nlonakoensis,,,,,"(Plath, Herrmann & Böhme, 2006)",This species was moved from the genus Phrynobatrachus to the genus Arthroleptis by Zimkus and Larsen (2009). 58129,Phrynobatrachus ogoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,ogoensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","Phrynobatrachus brongersmai (Parker, 1936) from Liberia has been removed from synonymy with P. ogoensis, following Frétey (2008).
" 136170,Phrynobatrachus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,pallidus,,,,,"Pickersgill, 2007", 58131,Phrynobatrachus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,parkeri,,,,,"Witte, 1933",This species might be a synonym of Phrynobatrachus acridoides (see Inger (1968)). 58132,Phrynobatrachus parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,parvulus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)",The taxonomic status of this species in relation to Phrynobatrachus mababiensis and P. ukingensis requires clarification (Poynton and Broadley 1985b). 58133,Phrynobatrachus perpalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,perpalmatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898",It is likely that the northern and southern populations belong to separate species. 58135,Phrynobatrachus plicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,plicatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 58137,Phrynobatrachus rouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,rouxi,,,,,"(Nieden, 1912)","The taxonomy of this species is not yet clarified. Laurent (1972) considered it to be a synonym of Phrynobatrachus calcaratus, and Perret (pers. comm.) considers that it might be conspecific with P. cornutus." 58138,Phrynobatrachus rungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,rungwensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 58152,Phrynobatrachus sandersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,sandersoni,,,,,"(Parker, 1935)",This form is probably a complex of at least three species (J.-L. Amiet pers. comm.). 58139,Phrynobatrachus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,scapularis,,,,,"(Witte, 1933)", 136118,Phrynobatrachus scheffleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,scheffleri,,,,,"(Nieden, 1911)",We follow Largen (2001) in removing this species from the synonymy of Phrynobatrachus minutus. It is a poorly circumscribed species taxonomically (Pickersgill 2007). 58141,Phrynobatrachus sternfeldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,sternfeldi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)",This species' taxonomic status is not clear. 58144,Phrynobatrachus taiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,taiensis,,,,,"Perret, 1988",This species' taxonomic status is unclear (Rödel pers. comm.). 58145,Phrynobatrachus tokba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,tokba,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1921)","This species was known only from the type locality, but the more widespread Phrynobatrachus alticola was later determined to be a synonym (Rödel et al. 2005). The type specimen of P. alticola has been lost, hence the synonymy was difficult to confirm." 58151,Phrynobatrachus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,werneri,,,,,"(Nieden, 1910)", 58154,Hymenochirus boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Hymenochirus,boettgeri,,,,,"(Tornier, 1897)",This species could be a complex of more than one species of several cryptic species (R.C. Tinsley pers. comm.). 58155,Hymenochirus boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Hymenochirus,boulengeri,,,,,"Witte, 1930",The taxonomic status of this species is not clear. 58156,Hymenochirus curtipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Hymenochirus,curtipes,,,,,"Nobel, 1924",The taxonomic status of this form requires further investigation. 58157,Hymenochirus feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Hymenochirus,feae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906",The taxonomic status of this form is uncertain. 58165,Pseudhymenochirus merlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pseudhymenochirus,merlini,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1920", 58166,Xenopus epitropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,epitropicalis,,,,,"Fischberg, Colombelli & Picard, 1982","There is long-recognized undescribed species richness in X. tropicalis and X. epitropicalis and in progress work by Evans, Blackburn, and colleagues (D. Blackburn pers. comm. 2012).This form is a tetraploid species. There are probably other species to be discovered in this genus (R.C. Tinsley pers. comm.). The Sanaga River in Cameroon has arbitrarily been set as the boundary between this species and Xenopus tropicalis, pending more information (Loumont 1983)." 58169,Xenopus andrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,andrei,,,,,"Loumont, 1983",This form is one of a group of cryptic species resembling Xenopus fraseri but distinguished from it by chromosome number (2n=72) and mating call. 58170,Xenopus borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,borealis,,,,,"Parker, 1936", 89257302,Xenopus fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,fraseri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905","Xenopus allofraseri and Xenopus parafraseri have previously been confused with this species and subpopulations from Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), Cameroon, Congo, DRC and Gabon have now been allocated to these two species (Evans et al. 2015)." 58179,Xenopus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Loumont, 1986","This species is a diploid species in the Xenopus fraseri Group (Loumont, 1986)." 58181,Xenopus vestitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,vestitus,,,,,"Laurent, 1972", 136014,Xenopus victorianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,victorianus,,,,,"Ahl, 1924",We follow Channing and Howell (2006) and Pickersgill (2007) in treating this as a species distinct from Xenopus laevis. 58182,Xenopus wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,wittei,,,,,"Tinsley, Kobel & Fischberg, 1979", 58489,Ptychadena aequiplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,aequiplicata,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)","This species is a complex of five species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm., Rödel et al. unpubl. data)." 58492,Ptychadena arnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,arnei,,,,,"Perret, 1997","This species was previously confused with Ptychadena bibroni (Perret 1997, 1999)." 58491,Ptychadena ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 58493,Ptychadena bibroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,bibroni,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1845)",This species was previously mistakenly referred to as Ptychadena maccarthyensis. The species previously called Ptychadena bibroni in several publications is in fact Ptychadena pujoli (see Lamotte and Ohler (1997) for details). 58495,Ptychadena bunoderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,bunoderma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 58497,Ptychadena chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,chrysogaster,,,,,"Laurent, 1954","Records from Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Malawi and southern Democratic Republic of Congo refer to Ptychadena guibei." 58498,Ptychadena cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,cooperi,,,,,"(Parker, 1930)", 58501,Ptychadena gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,gansi,,,,,"Laurent, 1965",This form is sometimes considered to be a synonym of Ptychadena mossambica. 58502,Ptychadena grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,grandisonae,,,,,"Laurent, 1954", 58503,Ptychadena guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,guibei,,,,,"Laurent, 1954", 58505,Ptychadena ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,ingeri,,,,,"Perret, 1991",This species was previously confused with Ptychadena tournieri (Perret 1991). 58506,Ptychadena keilingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,keilingi,,,,,"(Monard, 1937)", 58507,Ptychadena longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,longirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 58513,Ptychadena neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,neumanni,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)",This form might prove to be a complex of several species (Largen 2001). 58515,Ptychadena obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,obscura,,,,,"(Schmidt & Inger, 1959)", 58517,Ptychadena perplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,perplicata,,,,,"Laurent, 1964", 58520,Ptychadena pujoli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,pujoli,,,,,"Lamotte and Ohler, 1997",This species was previously mistakenly assigned to Ptychadena bibroni (see Lamotte and Ohler 1997). 58521,Ptychadena pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,pumilio,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)","The southern and eastern populations are now separated as Ptychadena taenioscelis, following Poynton and Broadley (1985b)." 58523,Ptychadena schillukorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,schillukorum,,,,,"(Werner, 1908)","We follow Perret (1987) and Channing (1993) in considering Ptychadena floweri to be a synonym of P. schillukorum, but note that this opinion is not shared by Poynton and Broadley (1985b). Rödel (2000) considers the matter to be still unresolved. S. Baha El Din (pers. comm.) supports the current arrangement." 58524,Ptychadena stenocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,stenocephala,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)",This form probably comprises several species. 58525,Ptychadena straeleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,straeleni,,,,,"(Inger, 1968)", 58526,Ptychadena submascareniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,submascareniensis,,,,,"(Guibé and Lamotte, 1953)", 58527,Ptychadena subpunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,subpunctata,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)", 54357,Ptychadena tellinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,tellinii,,,,,"(Peracca, 1904)","This species is commonly referred to as Ptychadena schubotzi, but it was shown by Largen (2001) to be a synonym of P. tellinii." 58531,Ptychadena trinodis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,trinodis,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)","A record for Hildebrantia ornata from Guelta Metraucha, Mauritania, was determined to be Ptychadena trinodis (Padial and De la Riva 2004)." 58532,Ptychadena upembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,upembae,,,,,"(Schmidt & Inger, 1959)", 58534,Ptychadena wadei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,wadei,,,,,"Largen, 2000", 54358,Amietia dracomontana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,dracomontana,,,,,"(Channing, 1978)","Tarrant et al. (2008) note that there are still taxonomic difficulties associated with this genus and good delimitation of species still requires further taxonomic work." 58190,Amietia vandijki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,vandijki,,,,,"(Visser & Channing, 1997)",This species occurs in sympatry with A. fuscigula. 58057,Arthroleptella bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Arthroleptella,bicolor,,,,,"Hewitt, 1926", 58063,Arthroleptella villiersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Arthroleptella,villiersi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1935", 58231,Aubria masako,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Aubria,masako,,,,,"Ohler & Kazadi, 1990",Perret (1994) cast doubt on the distinctiveness of this species from Aubria subsigillata. This taxon was discussed and revalidated by Ohler (1996). 58232,Aubria occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Aubria,occidentalis,,,,,"Perret, 1995",We follow Perret (1994) and M.-O. Rödel (pers. comm.) in recognizing this species as being distinct from Aubria subsigillata. 58233,Aubria subsigillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Aubria,subsigillata,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)","J.-L. Perret and M.-O. Rödel (pers. comm.) do not accept the synonymy of Aubria occidentalis with A. subsigillata, and we follow this view here. Ohler (1996) stated that further analysis of larger samples of specimens might lead to the subdivision of A. subsigillata, in which case the name A. occidentalis would be available for western populations." 58067,Cacosternum karooicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,karooicum,,,,,"Boycott, de Villiers & Scott, 2002", 176286,Cacosternum kinangopensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,kinangopensis,,,,,"Channing & Schmitz, 2008", 58068,Cacosternum leleupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,leleupi,,,,,"Laurent, 1950",Recent studies of the specimens of this species have confirmed that Cacosternum leleupi is a valid species (E. Scott pers. comm.). 136052,Cacosternum plimptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,plimptoni,,,,,"Channing, Brun, Burger, Febvre & Moyer, 2005",We follow Channing et al. (2005) in separating this species from Cacosternum boettgeri. 58073,Cacosternum striatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,striatum,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1947","This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Cacosternum boettgeri by Lambiris (1988), where it had been placed by Poynton (1964)." 58537,Pyxicephalus obbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Pyxicephalus,obbianus,,,,,"Calabresi, 1927", 58766,Strongylopus fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,fuelleborni,,,,,"(Nieden, 1911)","Channing and Davenport (2002) synonymized this species with Strongylopus merumontanus, and Channing and Howell (2006) follow this arrangement. However, Poynton (2004) shows that S. merumontanus is a separate species known only from higher elevations on Mount Meru in northern Tanzania." 58772,Strongylopus springbokensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,springbokensis,,,,,"Channing, 1986", 58773,Strongylopus wageri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Strongylopus,wageri,,,,,"(Wager, 1961)", 61877,Tomopterna luganga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,luganga,,,,,"Channing, Moyer & Dawood, 2004", 54375,Tomopterna milletihorsini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,milletihorsini,,,,,"(Angel, 1922)","This species was recently changed from the genus Arthroleptis to Tomopterna by Ohler and Frétey (2008)." 58781,Tomopterna tuberculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,tuberculosa,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 58193,Amnirana amnicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,amnicola,,,,,"(Perret, 1977)","The subpopulation in central DRC is likely to be another species, as the name Amnirana amnicola is currently thought to be a complex of about three species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016)." 29675,Pelophylax demarchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,demarchii,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1929)","Largen (1997) examined the only known specimen (a syntype) of this species and concluded that it was most similar to Pelophylax ridibundus. It should, therefore, be placed in the genus Pelophylax. It is possibly a synonym of a member of the P. ridibundus complex." 58798,Chiromantis kelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chiromantis,kelleri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882","This species was removed from synonymy with Chiromantis petersi by Poynton (2000). However, taxonomic problems with this Chiromantis in northeastern Africa remain (Poynton 2000; Largen 2001), and it appears that there are undescribed species in Somalia and Uganda." 58799,Chiromantis petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chiromantis,petersii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882","We follow Poynton (2000) in considering Chiromantis kelleri to be a separate species from C. petersi. However, taxonomic problems with this Chiromantis in northeastern Africa remain (Poynton 2000; Largen 2001), and it appears that there are undescribed species in Somalia and Uganda." 58800,Chiromantis rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chiromantis,rufescens,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 16084420,Oropodisma karavica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,karavica,,,,,"La Greca & Messina, 1977", 18486000,Hemidactylus boavistensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,boavistensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","Hemidactylus boavistensis has long been treated as a subspecies of H. bouvieri, but was re-elevated to species status by Arnold et al. (2008) based on morphological and molecular evidence." 18487362,Hemidactylus agrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,agrius,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1978", 18487417,Hemidactylus albopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,albopunctatus,,,,,"Loveridge, 1947", 18487459,Hemidactylus aporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,aporus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 18488260,Hemidactylus barodanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,barodanus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901","Lanza (1990) states, without justification, ""synonym of Hemidactylus. jubensis Boulenger, 1895?"", and this issue does not appear to have been investigated since, possibly due to poor knowledge of the latter species (only known from a single locality in southern Ethiopia - Largen and Spawls 2006). Largen and Spawls (2006) note that if this synonymization is correct, H. jubensis would prove to be much more widely-distributed. Ongoing genetic work (Mazuch, Agarwal and Bauer, in prep.) indicates that H. barodanus as presently understood is a species complex, and preliminary results indicate that H. jubensis is likely to be a distinct, valid species (T. Mazuch pers. comm. 2019)." 18488395,Hemidactylus bavazzanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,bavazzanoi,,,,,"Lanza, 1978", 18488783,Hemidactylus bayonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,bayonii,,,,,"Bocage, 1893", 18488986,Hemidactylus brasilianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,brasilianus,,,,,"(Amaral, 1935)", 18489004,Hemidactylus citernii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,citernii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912","Mazuch (2013), citing Smid et al. (in prep), indicates that this is a species complex." 18489229,Hemidactylus craspedotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,craspedotus,,,,,"Mocquard, 1890", 18490295,Hemidactylus curlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,curlei,,,,,"Parker, 1942", 18490345,Hemidactylus echinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,echinus,,,,,"O’Shaughnessy, 1875", 18490382,Hemidactylus funaiolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,funaiolii,,,,,"Lanza, 1978", 18490394,Hemidactylus gleadowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,gleadowi,,,,,"Murray, 1884","Mahony (2011) revalidated Hemidactylus gleadowi, previously a junior synonym of H. brookii, and restricted its known distribution to the type locality as material historically assigned to this species from elsewhere has never been compared with the lost types to confirm their identity." 18490404,Hemidactylus granchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,granchii,,,,,"Lanza, 1978", 18490428,Hemidactylus greefii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,greefii,,,,,"Bocage, 1886", 18490462,Hemidactylus hunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,hunae,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1937","This species has previously been treated as a subspecies of Hemidactylus maculatus, but based on levels of genetic divergence Bauer et al. (2010) proposed elevating it to species level. Somaweera and Somaweera (2009) noted that most authors consider this species as being endemic to Sri Lanka, and Bauer et al. (2010) confirmed that ongoing research suggests that Indian records represent a distinct species." 18490523,Hemidactylus isolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,isolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895",Kenyan records of this species may not be conspecific with those in Somalia and Ethiopia (Spawls et al. 2018). 18490644,Hemidactylus jubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,jubensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895","Lanza (1990) states, without justification, ""synonym of Hemidactylus jubensis Boulenger, 1895?"", and this issue does not appear to have been investigated since, possibly due to poor knowledge of the latter species (only known from a single locality in southern Ethiopia - Largen and Spawls 2006). Largen and Spawls (2006) note that if this synonymization is correct, H. jubensis would prove to be much more widely-distributed. Ongoing genetic work (Mazuch, Agarwal and Bauer, in prep.) indicates that Hemidactylus barodanus as presently understood is a species complex, and preliminary results indicate that H. jubensis is likely to be a distinct, valid species (T. Mazuch pers. comm. 2019)." 18490717,Hemidactylus kamdemtohami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,kamdemtohami,,,,,"Bauer & Pauwels, 2002", 18490727,Hemidactylus karenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,karenorum,,,,,"(Theobald, 1868)", 18490743,Hemidactylus klauberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,klauberi,,,,,"Scortecci, 1948","This species is known only from the holotype, but recent research has confirmed that it ""is without any doubt valid"" (T. Mazuch pers. comm. 2019, Šmíd et al. in press)." 18490765,Hemidactylus kushmorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,kushmorensis,,,,,"Murray, 1884","Mahony (2011) revalidated Hemidactylus kushmorensis, previously a junior synonym of H. brookii, and recognized it as distinct from the revalidated H. gleadowi with which it had historically been synonymized." 18490789,Hemidactylus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,laevis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 6553,Dicerorhinus sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,RHINOCEROTIDAE,Dicerorhinus,sumatrensis,,,,,"(G. Fischer, 1814)","There are three recognized subspecies: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis (probably extinct), Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis, and Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni." 19495,Rhinoceros sondaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,RHINOCEROTIDAE,Rhinoceros,sondaicus,,,,,"Desmarest, 1822","There are three recognized subspecies: Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus (Extinct), and Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis (Extinct)." 19496,Rhinoceros unicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,RHINOCEROTIDAE,Rhinoceros,unicornis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 18519111,Hemidactylus laticaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,laticaudatus,,,,,"Andersson, 1910", 18519147,Hemidactylus macropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,macropholis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 18519215,Hemidactylus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,megalops,,,,,"Parker, 1932", 18519275,Hemidactylus newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,newtoni,,,,,"Ferreira, 1897", 18519376,Hemidactylus ophiolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,ophiolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 18519417,Hemidactylus ophiolepoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,ophiolepoides,,,,,"Lanza, 1978", 18519463,Hemidactylus puccionii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,puccionii,,,,,"Calabresi, 1927","Parker (1942) opined that this species was described based on juvenile Hemidactylus turcicus, and Loveridge (1947) indicated that Parker ""may well be right in this allocation"". Fifty years later, Spawls and Rotich (1997) likewise remarked that this species may be a synonym of H. turcicus (African populations of which were subsequently referred to H. turcicus - Baha El Din 2005).

Although H. puccionii is presently accepted as valid, its taxonomy does not appear to have been investigated in order to clarify this situation. Records from northern Somalia attributed by Parker (1942) to H. turcicus, whose similarity to the types of H. puccionii was discussed, appear to be attributed to H. robustus by Lanza (1990) (who does not record H. puccionii for northern Somalia). Spawls and Rotich (1997) report a single record from Mandera in Kenya; this record is attributed to H. robustus by Spawls et al. (2002)." 18519632,Hemidactylus ruspolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,ruspolii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 18519702,Hemidactylus somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,somalicus,,,,,"Parker, 1932", 18519805,Hemidactylus tasmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,tasmani,,,,,"Hewitt, 1932","This species is valid, however, it is part of a species complex which needs further research to resolve all the separate species. The complex as a whole is assessed here." 18519905,Hemidactylus taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,taylori,,,,,"Parker, 1932", 18519958,Hemidactylus tenkatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,tenkatei,,,,,"Lidth de Jeude, 1895","Rösler and Glaw (2010) removed the Indonesian H. tenkatei from synonymy with H. brookii on morphological grounds. Mahony (2011) synonymized the Burmese form H. subtriedroides, treated as a synonym of H. brookii by Bauer et al. (2010), with H. tenkatei. This action was subsequently disputed by Kathriner et al. (2014), but the status of H. subtriedroides remains unresolved (Lajmi et al. 2016).

Mahony (2011) also provisionally included H. luzonensis (considered a probable junior synonym of H. tenkatei by Rösler and Glaw 2010) within the synonymy of H. brookii until Philippine specimens can be examined to verify their identity.

Lajmi et al. (2016) conducted a combined morphological and molecular analysis of the H. brookii complex sensu lato, focusing particularly on delimiting species in India. These authors resurrect the name H. murrayi for a clade which they propose may be a senior synonym of the taxon described by Rösler and Glaw (2010) as H. tentakei." 18520057,Hemidactylus thayene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,thayene,,,,,"Zug & Mcmahan, 2007", 18520116,Hemidactylus tropidolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,tropidolepis,,,,,"Mocquard, 1888", 11186,Lama guanicoe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CAMELIDAE,Lama,guanicoe,,,,,"(P.L.S. Müller, 1776)","

There is strong morphological, chromosomal, molecular, and archaeological evidence demonstrating that the Llama originally began with the domestication of the Guanaco in the Central Andes (Wheeler et al. 2006, Marín et al. 2007), as indicated in the name Lama glama first suggested by Linneaus (1758) for designating the Guanaco species (Grubb 2005). Today, the endorsement is clear that Lama guanicoe is a valid species for the wild form (Gentry et al. 2004).

Throughout the first half of the 20th Century four morphological Guanaco subspecies (L. g. cacsilensis, L. g. voglii, L. g. huanacus, and L. g. guanicoe) were described based upon subtle differences in cranium biometrics, pelage colour, and body size (Wheeler 1995, González et al. 2006). However, analysis of Guanaco mitochondrial-DNA markers failed to clearly differentiate four subspecies throughout the wide geographic range of the species.  Yet, genetic analysis did distinguish populations found in Peru and northern Chile, compared to other populations in Argentina, Bolivia, and remainder of Chile (Marín et al. 2008). Additional analysis with DNA-nuclear genes demonstrated the valid existence of two subspecies (L. g. cacsilensis and L. g. guanicoe) with the presence of a geographical zone of hybrid populations between both subspecies (Marín et al. 2013).

 The Northwestern or cacsilensis subspecies is distributed on the western side of the Andes from the north central to the southern Peru to the northern extreme of Chile, whereas the Southeastern subspecies or guanicoe is found throughout all of Patagonia to the extreme Austral end of the continent. Both lineages apparently formed due to the presence of the Andean altiplano (plateau) that served as a biogeographical and ecological barrier separating the populations to east and west of the Andean continental divide. The hybrid zone came about through genetic flow between the two subspecies where a geographic contact zone existed in the region south of the altiplano in Central Chile, in far northwestern Patagonia, and with an extension northeast into northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia (Marín et al. 2013).  An alternative to the classification of two subspecies is the possibility they could be considered Evolutionary Significant Units (sensu Moritz 1994, Marín et al. 2013). 

At the current population level at least eight, independent genetic and demographic or Management Units (MUs, according to Moritz 1994 definition) have been identified that should be managed separately in order to maintain their local genetic adaptiveness (Marín et al. 2013): 1) Peruvian Hyper-Arid Desert, 2) Chilean Pre-Andean Altiplano, 3) Chilean Arid Zone and Pre-Puna, 4) Bolivian Chaco, 5) North and Central Patagonia, 6) Patagonia Occidental, 7) Patagonia Austral, and 8) Fueguian Zone. Guanaco populations in northeast and northcentral Argentina that were not included in Marín et al. (2013) have yet to be assessed for MU classification. 

Although previous taxonomic classification was based upon phenotypic characteristics (Wheeler 1995, González et al. 2006), there have been no wide-scale studies dealing with morphological variations in the species. Preliminary examination of Guanaco skulls at museums indicates a differentiation between individuals across the continent in Bolivia, Chile, Patagonia, and Tierra del Fuego (Groves and Grubb 2011).

" 10032,Choeropsis liberiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,HIPPOPOTAMIDAE,Choeropsis,liberiensis,,,,,"(Morton, 1849)","Formerly included in the genus Hexaprotodon but a review of the taxonomy and phylogeny of the hippopotamids has restricted the definition of Hexaprotodon to extinct Indian and Southeast Asian Hippos and revalidated Choeropsis for the extant Pygmy Hippo (Boisserie 2005).

Two subspecies are recognized. The nominate subspecies C. l. liberiensis occurs in Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The subspecies C. l. heslopi (Heslop’s Pygmy Hippopotamus) is known only from the Niger Delta, Nigeria. It was considered a distinct subspecies by Corbet (1969) and Coryndon (1977), based on variations in cranial anatomy." 10103,Hippopotamus amphibius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,HIPPOPOTAMIDAE,Hippopotamus,amphibius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Grubb (1993) lists five subspecies: H. a. amphibius from eastern Gambia to Sudan, Ethiopia, the northern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Mozambique, H. a. tschadensis from Nigeria and Chad, H. a. kiboko from Somalia and Kenya, H. a. constrictus from Angola, the southern DRC and Namibia, and finally, H. a. capensis from Zambia southwards to South Africa. It is important to note, however, that this classification has not been widely accepted (Eltringham 1999; Beckwitt et al. 2016), and recent taxonomic research of this species is lacking. Furthermore, these five subspecies are visually indistinguishable in the wild, and the geographic extent of each range remains vague (Eltringham 1993)." 2425,Austrogammarus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,PARAMELITIDAE,Austrogammarus,australis,,,,,"(Sayce, 1901)", 18435557,Osornophryne puruanta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,puruanta,,,,,"Gluesenkamp & Guayasamin, 2008", 190077,Vladichthys gloverensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Vladichthys,gloverensis,,,,,"(Greenfield & Greenfield, 1973)","This species was originally described as Triathalassothia gloverensis, but was later moved into the genus Vladichthys (Greenfield et al. 2008)." 18917640,Aeluroscalabotes felinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Aeluroscalabotes,felinus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 18917624,Goniurosaurus araneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,araneus,,,,,"Grismer, Viets & Boyle, 1999", 18917676,Goniurosaurus bawanglingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,bawanglingensis,,,,,"Grismer, Haitao, Orlov & Anajeva, 2002", 18917684,Goniurosaurus catbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,catbaensis,,,,,"Ziegler, Truong, Schmitz, Stenke, Rösler, 2008", 18917694,Goniurosaurus hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,hainanensis,,,,,"Barbour, 1908", 18917702,Goniurosaurus huuliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,huuliensis,,,,,"Orlov, Ryabov, Nguyen, Nguyen & Ho, 2008", 18917735,Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,lichtenfelderi,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1897)", 18917749,Goniurosaurus luii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,luii,,,,,"Grismer, Viets & Boyle, 1999", 18917757,Goniurosaurus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,orientalis,,,,,"(Maki, 1931)","Honda et al. (2014) revised Japanese members of Goniurosaurus, previously considered either the full species G. kuroiwae, G. toyami, G. yamashinae, G. orientalis and G. splendens, or a single taxon G. kuroiwae with five subspecies. These authors' results supported the recognition of two full species, G. splendens and G. kuroiwae, and they proposed treating G. orientalis, G. toyami and G. yamashinae as subspecies of G. kuroiwae.

Further molecular research into this species complex is ongoing, and has confirmed that there are at least five species-level clades in the Ryukyus, corresponding to subspecies of G. kuroiwae recognized by Honda et al. (2014) plus G. splendens (H. Ota pers. comm. 2016). As a revision of this group is due to be submitted for publication shortly, this account adopts a traditional five-species treatment of this complex, while recognizing that both G. kuroiwae and G. orientalis as presently recognized may be further subdivided in the near future." 18917767,Goniurosaurus splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,splendens,,,,,"(Nakamura & Uéno, 1959)","Honda et al. (2014) revised Japanese members of Goniurosaurus, previously considered either the full species G. kuroiwae, G. toyami, G. yamashinae, G. orientalis and G. splendens, or a single taxon G. kuroiwae with five subspecies. These authors' results supported the recognition of two full species, G. splendens and G. kuroiwae, and they proposed treating G. orientalis, G. toyami and G. yamashinae as subspecies of G. kuroiwae.

Further molecular research into this species complex is ongoing, and has confirmed that there are at least five species-level clades in the Ryukyus, corresponding to subspecies of G. kuroiwae recognized by Honda et al. (2014) plus G. splendens (H. Ota pers. comm. 2016). As a revision of this group is due to be submitted for publication shortly, this account adopts a traditional five-species treatment of this complex, while recognizing that both G. kuroiwae and G. orientalis as presently recognized may be further subdivided in the near future." 18917785,Goniurosaurus yamashinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,yamashinae,,,,,"(Okada, 1936)","Honda et al. (2014) revised Japanese members of Goniurosaurus, previously considered either the full species G. kuroiwae, G. toyami, G. yamashinae, G. orientalis and G. splendens, or a single taxon G. kuroiwae with five subspecies. These authors' results supported the recognition of two full species, G. splendens and G. kuroiwae, and they proposed treating G. orientalis, G. toyami and G. yamashinae as subspecies of G. kuroiwae.

Further molecular research into this species complex is ongoing, and has confirmed that there are at least five species-level clades in the Ryukyus, corresponding to subspecies of G. kuroiwae recognized by Honda et al. (2014) plus G. splendens (H. Ota pers. comm. 2016). As a revision of this group is due to be submitted for publication shortly, this account adopts a traditional five-species treatment of this complex, while recognizing that both G. kuroiwae and G. orientalis as presently recognized may be further subdivided in the near future." 18917797,Goniurosaurus yingdeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,yingdeensis,,,,,"Wang, Yang & Cui, 2010", 18917812,Holodactylus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Holodactylus,africanus,,,,,"Boettger, 1893", 18917824,Holodactylus cornii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Holodactylus,cornii,,,,,"Scortecci, 1930","Parker (1942) indicates that the status of this species is doubtful due to overlap between many characters in this species and the variable Holodactylus africanus, but cautions that certain characters are not known to have analogues in H. africanus and so refrained from taking taxonomic action." 178596,Anolis lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lemniscatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","It is unclear whether Anolis lemniscatus is a valid species. It was omitted by Miyata (1982) in a checklist of the herpetofauna of Ecuador, and listed as a synonym of Anolis tropidogaster Hallowell, 1857 by Peters (1967) following examination of the syntypes. It was subsequently included as a valid species in a catalogue of Neotropical squamates by Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970) but without justification. It has recently been suggested that Anolis lemniscatus may be conspecific with Anolis binotatus and A. bitectus, in which case Anolis binotatus will be the oldest available name, and research is ongoing to clarify the status of these taxa (F. Ayala et al. in prep.)." 178607,Anolis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lineatus,,,,,"Daudin, 1802", 178608,Anolis maculigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,maculigula,,,,,"Williams, 1984", 178604,Anolis lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lynchi,,,,,"Miyata, 1985", 178342,Anolis oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,oculatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1879)",Lazell (1972) and Schwartz and Henderson (1991) recognize four subspecies. Subsequent research investigated morphological and molecular variation in this species and found that there was no evidence of subspecific structure (Malhotra and Thorpe 2000). 1319,Anolis roosevelti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,roosevelti,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 177907,Anolis pogus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pogus,,,,,"Lazell, 1972","This species, formerly a subspecies of Anolis wattsi, was recognized as a full species based on mtDNA and allozyme data presented by Schneider et al. (2001), as well as biogeographical and morphological differences from Anolis wattsi." 177905,Anolis clivicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,clivicola,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1935", 178386,Anolis fitchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fitchi,,,,,"Williams & Duellman, 1984", 177904,Anolis armouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,armouri,,,,,"(Cochran, 1934)", 178384,Anolis grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,grahami,,,,,"Gray, 1845","Two subspecies are recognized:
A. grahami grahami Gray, 1845
A. grahami aquarum Underwood & Williams, 1959." 177903,Anolis ahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ahli,,,,,"Barbour, 1925", 178377,Anolis bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1784)","Anolis leachi Dumeril & Bibron (1837) of Antigua and Barbuda is sometimes considered a subspecies of A. bimaculatus (G. Mayer pers. comm. 2010), but is now generally regarded as a full species and is treated as such here." 178536,Anolis marron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,marron,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 178533,Anolis monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,monticola,,,,,"Shreve, 1936","Two subspecies are recognized: Anolis monticola monticola Shreve, 1936 and A. m. quadrisartus Thomas & Schwartz, 1967." 178542,Anolis ruizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ruizii,,,,,"Rueda & Williams, 1986", 178278,Anolis juangundlachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,juangundlachi,,,,,"Garrido, 1975", 178282,Anolis fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fraseri,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 178283,Anolis megalopithecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,megalopithecus,,,,,"Rueda-Almonacid, 1989", 178284,Anolis longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,longiceps,,,,,"Schmidt, 1919", 178321,Anolis semilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,semilineatus,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 178329,Anolis allogus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,allogus,,,,,"Barbour & Ramsden, 1919", 178336,Anolis nubilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,nubilus,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 178575,Anolis valencienni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,valencienni,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 178313,Anolis strahmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,strahmi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1979","Two subspecies are recognized: Anolis strahmi strahmi Schwartz, 1979 and A. s. abditus Schwartz, 1979." 178592,Anolis koopmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,koopmani,,,,,"Rand, 1961", 178317,Anolis spectrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,spectrum,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 178231,Anolis granuliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,granuliceps,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 64188,Anolis carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,carolinensis,,,,,"(Voigt, 1832)", 178221,Anolis alumina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,alumina,,,,,"Hertz, 1976","
" 178492,Anolis pinchoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pinchoti,,,,,"Cochran, 1931", 178745,Anolis eulaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,eulaemus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 178730,Anolis centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,centralis,,,,,"Peters, 1970","Two subspecies are recognized: Anolis centralis centralis Peters, 1970 and A. c. litoralis Garrido, 1975." 75087989,Anolis saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,saxatilis,,,,,"Mertens, 1938","Köhler et al. (2019) found that the holotype of Anolis cybotes saxatilis was conspecific with Anolis whitemani, and consequently established the combination Audantia saxatilis for the species previously known as A. whitemani. As the genus-level revision by Nicholson et al. (2012) remains controversial (Köhler et al. 2019), this assessment retains A. saxatilis within Anolis." 178727,Anolis proboscis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,proboscis,,,,,"Peters & Orces, 1956", 178706,Anolis festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,festae,,,,,"Peracca, 1904", 178417,Anolis olssoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,olssoni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1919","A number of subspecies have been described:
Anolis olssoni olssoni Schmidt, 1919
Anolis olssoni alienus Schwartz, 1981
Anolis olssoni dominigensis Schwartz, 1981
Anolis olssoni extentus Schwartz, 1981
Anolis olssoni ferrugicauda Schwartz, 1981
Anolis olssoni insulanus Schwartz, 1981
Anolis olssoni montivagus Schwartz, 1981
Anolis olssoni palloris Schwartz, 1981." 178441,Anolis caquetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,caquetae,,,,,"Williams, 1974", 178434,Anolis gemmosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gemmosus,,,,,"O'Shaughnessy, 1875", 178679,Anolis ventrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ventrimaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 178438,Anolis guafe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,guafe,,,,,"Estrada & Garrido, 1991", 178663,Anolis jacare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,jacare,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 178657,Anolis occultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,occultus,,,,,"Williams & Rivero, 1965", 91864513,Lichanura trivirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Lichanura,trivirgata,,,,,"Cope, 1868", 91863316,Charina bottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Charina,bottae,,,,,"(Blainville, 1835)","Nussbaum and Hoyer (1974) showed that subspecies utahensis is indistiguishable from subspecies bottae, and they regarded the concept ""umbratica"" as meaningless; Collins (1990) apparently agreed with this view and did not recognize any subspecies. In contrast, Erwin (1974) proposed that subspecies umbratica warrants species status; this suggestion did not gain the support of other herpetologists. Stewart (1977) recognized two subspecies (bottae andumbratica) and, pending further study, regarded populations from Mt. Pinos and the Tehachapi Mountains, California, as intergrades between these two subspecies. Stebbins (1985) continued to recognize three subspecies (bottae, utahensis, and umbratica). Rodriguez-Robles et al. (2001) used mtDNA data to examine phylogeography of Charina bottae and concluded that ""C. b. umbratica is a genetically cohesive, allopatric taxon that is morphologically diagnosable"" [using a suite of traits] and that ""it is an independent evolutionary unit that should be recognized as a distinct species, Charina umbratica"". The authors acknowledged that a mixture of bottae and umbratica traits exists in populations in the Tehachapi Mountains and Mount Pinos, but they interpreted this as persistent ancestral polymorphisms. They also found no support for recognizing utahensis as a valid taxon. Crother et al. (2003) and Crother (2012) listed C. umbratica as a species. The consensus supports treating bottae and umbratica as two separate species and that treatment is followed here." 174126,Eunectes beniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eunectes,beniensis,,,,,"Dirksen, 2002", 176262,Eunectes deschauenseei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eunectes,deschauenseei,,,,,"Dunn & Conant, 1936", 7826,Chilabothrus subflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,subflavus,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1901)", 62231,Chilabothrus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,striatus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1856)","Records of this species from the Bahamas (Henderson and Powell 2009) represent the former subspecies Chilabothrus striatus strigilatus, elevated to specific status by Reynolds et al. (2013) and which will be assessed separately." 7823,Chilabothrus monensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,monensis,,,,,"(Zenneck, 1898)","Chilabothrus monensis monensis and C. m. granti have been widely treated as distinct species following Henderson and Powell (2009), who noted that ""the two taxa likely are distinct at the species level"". This hypothesis was tested on a genetic dataset by Rodríguez-Robles et al. (2015) using coalescent species delimitation analysis. These authors concluded that ""with a very high probability"" C. monensis and C. granti represent two distinct species." 7815,Chilabothrus angulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,angulifer,,,,,"(Cocteau & Bibron, 1840)", 4567,Charina umbratica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Charina,umbratica,,,,,"Klauber, 1943", 7829,Chilabothrus granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,granti,,,,,"(Stull, 1933)","Chilabothrus monensis monensis and C. m. granti have been widely treated as distinct species following Henderson and Powell (2009), who noted that ""the two taxa likely are distinct at the species level"". This hypothesis was tested on a genetic dataset by Rodríguez-Robles et al. (2015) using coalescent species delimitation analysis. These authors concluded that ""with a very high probability"" C. monensis and C. granti represented two distinct species." 198589,Gaidropsarus granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Gaidropsarus,granti,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 787,Alburnus akili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,akili,,,,,"Battalgil, 1942", 790,Alburnus heckeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,heckeli,,,,,"Battalgil, 1943", 1843,Aphanius anatoliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,anatoliae,,,,,"(Leidenfrost, 1912)","Many Aphanius populations from the area outside the Tuz and Beysehir basins are usually also identified as this species. Conclusive molecular data strongly support the view, that they represent other species. These populations are therefore excluded from the assessment." 1848,Aphanius splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,splendens,,,,,"(Kosswig & Sözer, 1945)","The population from Lake Salda is usually identified as this species. This is very likely to be incorrect and the assessment is therefore restricted to the population of Lake Gölçük only." 1849,Aphanius sureyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,sureyanus,,,,,"(Neu, 1937)", 1850,Aphanius transgrediens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,transgrediens,,,,,"(Ermin, 1946)", 3450,Caecocypris basimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Caecocypris,basimi,,,,,"Banister & Bunni, 1980","The only species of this genus might belong to Mesopotamichthys." 3784,Capoeta antalyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,antalyensis,,,,,"(Battalgil, 1943)", 3785,Capoeta pestai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,pestai,,,,,"(Pietschmann, 1933)", 4787,Chondrostoma holmwoodii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,holmwoodii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 9294,Gobio hettitorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,hettitorum,,,,,"Ladiges, 1960", 9889,Garra kemali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,kemali,,,,,"(Hankó, 1925)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Geiger et al. 2014, Hamidan et al. 2014, Behrens-Chapuis et al. 2015). Populations of Central Anatolian Lakes Eğirdir, Işıklı and Gölcük (Isparta) basins and upper Köpücay belong to Garra klatti. They are therefore excluded from the assessment." 19793,Sabanejewia aurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Sabanejewia,aurata,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1863)",The identity of the Tedzhen population is questionable and these fishes might belong to Sabanejewia aralensis. 22505,Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Turcinoemacheilus,kosswigi,,,,,"Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964", 39281,Pseudophoxinus egridiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,egridiri,,,,,"(Karaman, 1972)",Conclusive molecular data demonstrate that this species should be placed to Pelasgus or into an own genus. 39289,Seminemacheilus lendlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Seminemacheilus,lendlii,,,,,"(Hankó, 1925)", 40747,Pseudophoxinus handlirschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,handlirschi,,,,,"(Pietschmann, 1933)","Generic name changed from Phoxinellus to Pseudophoxinus, based on information in Eschmeyer (1998) and recommendation of Kottelat (pers. comm. 2001)." 60333,Pseudophoxinus zeregi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,zeregi,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)",Type species for the genus Pseudophoxinus. 60335,Garra ghorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,ghorensis,,,,,"Krupp, 1982", 60362,Garra culiciphaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,culiciphaga,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1927)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Geiger et al. 2014, Hamidan et al. 2014, Behrens-Chapuis et al. 2015)." 60399,Capoeta bergamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,bergamae,,,,,"Karaman, 1969", 60403,Pseudophoxinus maeandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,maeandri,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)",Distinct from meandricus. 60633,Acanthobrama centisquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,centisquama,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 60732,Squalius anatolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,anatolicus,,,,,"(Bogutskaya, 1997)","Recent change from genus Leuciscus to Squalius (Zardoya and Doadrio 1999, Sanjur et al. 2003)." 60747,Pseudophoxinus battalgili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,battalgili,,,,,"Bogutskaya, 1997", 60751,Pseudophoxinus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,crassus,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)",This species is very closely related to P. anatolicus and P. caralis but seems to be enough distinct to be treated as an independent species. 60753,Chondrostoma kinzelbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,kinzelbachi,,,,,"Krupp, 1985",The taxonomy of this species is in doubt. Molecular data do not confirm the validity of this species (Durand et al. 2003). 60763,Garra caudomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,caudomaculata,,,,,"(Battalgil, 1942)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Geiger et al. 2014, Hamidan et al. 2014)." 60797,Cobitis fahireae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,fahireae,,,,,"Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant 1998", 60802,Acanthobrama lissneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,lissneri,,,,,"Tortonese, 1952", 60810,Pseudophoxinus anatolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,anatolicus,,,,,"(Hankó, 1925)", 60824,Knipowitschia mermere,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,mermere,,,,,"Ahnelt, 1995", 60831,Cobitis turcica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,turcica,,,,,"Hankó, 1925", 60840,Pseudophoxinus libani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,libani,,,,,"(Lortet, 1883)","This species is widely known as P. kervillei but conclusive morphological and molecular data show, that P. kervillei is a synonym to P. libani (J. Freyhof pers. comm)." 60987,Scardinius elmaliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Scardinius,elmaliensis,,,,,"Bogutskaya, 1997", 60988,Pseudophoxinus antalyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,antalyae,,,,,"Bogutskaya, 1992", 61191,Chondrostoma meandrense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,meandrense,,,,,"Elvira, 1987", 61199,Alburnus orontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,orontis,,,,,"Sauvage, 1882", 61205,Squalius cephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,cephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",There are two major phylogenetic lineages in Squalius cephalus. Squalius cephalus in the strict sence occurs from the Elbe and the Danube to the west. All populations to the east are closely related to Squalius orientalis. But more research is needed to test if really two species are involced. 61238,Knipowitschia ephesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,ephesi,,,,,"Ahnelt, 1995", 61249,Acanthobrama telavivensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,telavivensis,,,,,"Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973", 61266,Ladigesocypris irideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ladigesocypris,irideus,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)",Molecular data place Ladigesocypris in Squalius what strongly contradicts morphological data. It is kept in Ladigesocypris until the case is resolved. This species is a synonym of Ladigesocypris ghigii. 61281,Pseudophoxinus syriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,syriacus,,,,,"(Lortet, 1883)", 61341,Pseudophoxinus drusensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,drusensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1933)", 61348,Haplochromis flaviijosephi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,flaviijosephi,,,,,"(Lortet, 1883)",This species is also treated by some authors under the genus Astatotilapia. 61349,Pseudophoxinus maeandricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,maeandricus,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)", 61358,Cobitis bilseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,bilseli,,,,,"Battalgil, 1942", 61362,Tristramella simonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tristramella,simonis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 61366,Chondrostoma beysehirense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,beysehirense,,,,,"Bogutskaya, 1997", 61370,Alburnus qalilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,qalilus,,,,,"Krupp, 1992", 61372,Tristramella sacra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tristramella,sacra,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)", 61390,Cobitis levantina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,levantina,,,,,"Krupp & Moubayed, 1992", 61396,Squalius cephaloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,cephaloides,,,,,"(Battalgil, 1942)", 135522,Alburnus istanbulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,istanbulensis,,,,,"Battalgil, 1941", 135551,Squalius cii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,cii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1857)",


184454,Alburnoides eichwaldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,eichwaldii,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1863)",Alburnoides eichwaldii was a subspecies of Alburnoides bipunctatus but it was raised to species level by Bogutskaya and Coad (2009). 198303,Caridina babaulti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,babaulti,,,,,"Bouvier, 1918","The species consists of two subspecies, Caridina babaulti babaulti distributed in India, but poorly known, and Caridina babaulti basrensis distributed in Iran and Iraq. Currently it is not known if both subspecies could represent valid species or if a single, variable species is involved." 198046,Caridina babaultioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,babaultioides,,,,,"Yu, 1938","Four subspecies are currently recognised within this species, with the nominotypical subspecies being widespread in central and southern China.  The other three subspecies are currently only known from their type material." 197881,Caridina cavaleriei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cavaleriei,,,,,"Bouvier, 1919","Two subspecies are currently recognised, both of which are poorly known and their identities need resolving." 197648,Caridina indistincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,indistincta,,,,,"Calman, 1926", 197858,Macrobrachium assamense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,assamense,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1958)", 197870,Macrobrachium idella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,idella,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1898)","The species consists of two subspecies, one (subsp. idella) distributed in Tanzania and Madagascar, the other (subsp. georgii) in Kerala (India).  It appears very likely that both taxa should be elevated to species level." 198345,Macrobrachium malcolmsonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,malcolmsonii,,,,,"Johnson, 1973", 197822,Neocaridina denticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,denticulata,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1904)","The species comprises three subspecies, one of which is widely distributed in Asia, the other two are only known from their type material and are of doubtful taxonomic status." 197835,Neocaridina heteropoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,heteropoda,,,,,"Kubo, 1938", 198273,Neocaridina palmata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,palmata,,,,," Cai, 1996", 22267,Troglocaris anophthalmus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Troglocaris,anophthalmus,,,,,"(Kollar, 1848)","The species comprises six distinct evolutionary lineages, which have been formally recognised as subspecies (Sket and Zaksek 2009, Jugovic et al. 2012)." 18245618,Etheostoma autumnale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,autumnale,,,,,"Mayden, 2010", 16592,Percina nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,nasuta,,,,,"(Bailey, 1941)", 202154,Macrhybopsis tetranema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,tetranema,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1886)", 14903,Noturus lachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,lachneri,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 17874,Pogonichthys ciscoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pogonichthys,ciscoides,,,,,"Hopkirk, 1974", 202279,Notropis albizonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,albizonatus,,,,,"Warren & Burr, 1994", 14893,Notropis perpallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,perpallidus,,,,,"Hubbs & Black, 1940", 18246349,Etheostoma orientale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,orientale,,,,,"Powers & Mayden, 2007", 202686,Noturus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,fasciatus,,,,,"Burr, Eisenhour, & Grady, 2005", 18246486,Percina apristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,apristis,,,,,"(Hubbs & Hubbs, 1954)", 202344,Phenacobius crassilabrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phenacobius,crassilabrum,,,,,"Minckley & Craddock, 1962", 1079,Troglichthys rosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,AMBLYOPSIDAE,Troglichthys,rosae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1898)", 184102,Percina aurora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,aurora,,,,,"Suttkus & Thompson, 1994",Formerly included in Percina copelandi (see Suttkus et al. 1994). 12541,Lythrurus snelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,snelsoni,,,,,"(Robison, 1985)", 18246436,Etheostoma tennesseense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,tennesseense,,,,,"Powers & Mayden, 2007", 202576,Percina crypta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,crypta,,,,,"Freeman, Freeman & Burkhead, 2008", 202690,Noturus gladiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,gladiator,,,,,"Thomas & Burr, 2004", 13403,Micropterus notius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,notius,,,,,"Bailey & Hubbs, 1949", 14906,Noturus stanauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,stanauli,,,,,"Etnier & Jenkins, 1980", 19423,Relictus solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Relictus,solitarius,,,,,"Hubbs & Miller, 1972", 202581,Percina kusha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,kusha,,,,,"Williams & Burkhead, 2007", 14888,Notropis mekistocholas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,mekistocholas,,,,,"Snelson, 1971", 13405,Micropterus treculii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,treculii,,,,,"(Vaillant & Bocourt, 1874)", 14905,Noturus placidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,placidus,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 14885,Pteronotropis hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,hubbsi,,,,,"(Bailey & Robison, 1978)", 202307,Notropis hypsilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,hypsilepis,,,,,"Suttkus & Raney, 1955", 19917,Satan eurystomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Satan,eurystomus,,,,,"Hubbs & Bailey, 1947", 16589,Percina jenkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,jenkinsi,,,,,"Thompson, 1985", 14908,Noturus trautmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,trautmani,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 15454,Oregonichthys kalawatseti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Oregonichthys,kalawatseti,,,,,"Markle, Pearsons & Bills, 1991", 14884,Notropis cahabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,cahabae,,,,,"Mayden & Kuhajda, 1989", 184077,Percina austroperca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,austroperca,,,,,"Thompson, 1995", 18246390,Etheostoma planasaxatile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,planasaxatile,,,,,"Powers & Mayden, 2007", 16586,Percina aurolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,aurolineata,,,,,"Suttkus & Ramsey, 1967", 39291,Moxostoma lacerum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,lacerum,,,,,"(Jordan & Brayton, 1877)",Following Eschmeyer (2004) Lagochila lacera was transferred to Moxostoma lacerum. 16594,Percina rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,rex,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1889)", 20107,Semotilus lumbee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Semotilus,lumbee,,,,,"Snelson & Suttkus, 1978", 18243637,Etheostoma spilotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,spilotum,,,,,"Gilbert, 1887", 202263,Mylopharodon conocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Mylopharodon,conocephalus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1854)", 18245568,Etheostoma atripinne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,atripinne,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202257,Moxostoma robustum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,robustum,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 202323,Notropis rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,rupestris,,,,,"Page, 1987", 202596,Percina squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,squamata,,,,,"(Gilbert & Swain, 1887)", 14902,Noturus gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,gilberti,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1889", 202330,Notropis suttkusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,suttkusi,,,,,"Humphries & Cashner, 1994", 202286,Notropis ariommus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,ariommus,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 14883,Notropis buccula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,buccula,,,,,"Cross, 1953", 202571,Percina brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,brevicauda,,,,,"Suttkus & Bart, 1994", 202355,Pteronotropis metallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,metallicus,,,,,"(Jordan & Meek, 1884)", 202687,Noturus flavater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,flavater,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 16593,Percina pantherina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,pantherina,,,,,"(Moore & Reeves, 1955)", 16595,Percina tanasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,tanasi,,,,,"Etnier, 1976", 202595,Percina smithvanizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,smithvanizi,,,,,"Williams & Walsh, 2007", 19015549,Lythrurus alegnotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,alegnotus,,,,,"(Snelson, 1972)","In their field guide, Page and Burr (2011) listed to Lythrurus alegnotus as a subspecies of L. bellus. However, Boschung and Mayden (2004) discussed the question of whether L. alegnotus is a valid species or a subspecies of L. bellus and justified their treatment of the two taxa as separate species. Since L. alegnotus occurs only in Alabama, where Boschung and Mayden have specific expertise, it is treated here as a separate species." 14900,Noturus flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,flavipinnis,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 202352,Pteronotropis grandipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,grandipinnis,,,,,"(Jordan, 1877)", 202594,Percina sipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,sipsi,,,,,"Williams & Neely, 2007", 202147,Lythrurus matutinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lythrurus,matutinus,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 14898,Pteronotropis welaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,welaka,,,,,"(Evermann & Kendall, 1898)", 16590,Percina lenticula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,lenticula,,,,,"Richards & Knapp, 1964", 14901,Noturus furiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,furiosus,,,,,"Jordan & Meek, 1889", 202302,Notropis girardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,girardi,,,,,"Hubbs & Ortenburger, 1929", 20467,Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,AMBLYOPSIDAE,Speoplatyrhinus,poulsoni,,,,,"Cooper & Kuehne, 1974", 16957,Phenacobius teretulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phenacobius,teretulus,,,,,"Cope, 1867", 16585,Percina antesella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,antesella,,,,,"Williams & Etnier, 1977", 12923,Meda fulgida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Meda,fulgida,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 12584,Macrhybopsis meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,meeki,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1896)", 18245771,Etheostoma erythrozonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,erythrozonum,,,,,"Switzer & Wood, 2009", 12583,Macrhybopsis gelida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,gelida,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 14899,Noturus baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,baileyi,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 17875,Pogonichthys macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pogonichthys,macrolepidotus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1854)", 184076,Notropis anogenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,anogenus,,,,,"Forbes, 1885", 17468,Plagopterus argentissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Plagopterus,argentissimus,,,,,"Cope, 1874", 184092,Notropis topeka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,topeka,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1884)", 202333,Notropis uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,uranoscopus,,,,,"Suttkus, 1959", 16588,Percina cymatotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,cymatotaenia,,,,,"(Gilbert & Meek, 1887)", 15453,Oregonichthys crameri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Oregonichthys,crameri,,,,,"(Snyder, 1908)", 18246225,Etheostoma mihileze,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,mihileze,,,,,"Mayden, 2010", 13146,Menidia extensa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,extensa,,,,,"Hubbs & Raney, 1946", 14909,Novumbra hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,UMBRIDAE,Novumbra,hubbsi,,,,,"Schultz, 1929", 15350694,Erimyzon claviformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Erimyzon,claviformis,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 13916,Thoburnia hamiltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Thoburnia,hamiltoni,,,,,"Raney & Lachner, 1946", 14904,Noturus munitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,munitus,,,,,"Suttkus & Taylor, 1965", 1080,Amblyopsis spelaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCOPSIFORMES,AMBLYOPSIDAE,Amblyopsis,spelaea,,,,,"DeKay, 1842", 14895,Notropis semperasper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,semperasper,,,,,"Gilbert, 1961", 16596,Percina uranidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,uranidea,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1887)", 16591,Percina macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,macrocephala,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 202562,Micropterus cataractae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,cataractae,,,,,"Williams & Burgess, 1999", 202315,Notropis ozarcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,ozarcanus,,,,,"Meek, 1891", 13914,Thoburnia atripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Thoburnia,atripinnis,,,,,"(Bailey, 1959)", 202354,Pteronotropis merlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,merlini,,,,,"(Suttkus & Mettee, 2001)", 202600,Percina williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,williamsi,,,,,"Page & Near, 2007", 14889,Notropis melanostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,melanostomus,,,,,"Bortone, 1989", 184093,Notropis bifrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,bifrenatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 18246249,Etheostoma occidentale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,occidentale,,,,,"Powers & Mayden, 2007", 202314,Notropis ortenburgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,ortenburgeri,,,,,"Hubbs, 1927", 19490,Rhinichthys deaconi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,deaconi,,,,,"Miller, 1984", 14892,Notropis oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"Hubbs & Bonham, 1951", 14907,Noturus taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,taylori,,,,,"Douglas, 1972", 16587,Percina burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,burtoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 13602,Gila coriacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,coriacea,,,,,"Hubbs & Miller, 1948", 18246574,Cottus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,immaculatus,,,,,"Kinziger & Wood, 2010", 15351329,Micropterus henshalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,henshalli,,,,,"Hubbs & Bailey, 1940", 202150,Macrhybopsis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,australis,,,,,"(Hubbs & Ortenberger, 1929)", 202351,Pteronotropis euryzonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pteronotropis,euryzonus,,,,,"(Suttkus, 1955)", 202570,Percina bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,bimaculata,,,,,"Haldeman, 1844", 202682,Noturus crypticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,crypticus,,,,,"Burr, Eisenhour, & Grady, 2005", 22273,Trogloglanis pattersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Trogloglanis,pattersoni,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1919", 202362,Rhinichthys evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,evermanni,,,,,"Snyder, 1908", 202698,Noturus stigmosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Noturus,stigmosus,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 18246588,Cottus kanawhae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,kanawhae,,,,,"Robins, 2005", 178352,Chioninia vaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chioninia,vaillantii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 165489,Onychogomphus forcipatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,forcipatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Subspecies O. f. unguiculatus (Vander Linden, 1823)." 165487,Aeshna serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,serrata,,,,,"Hagen, 1856","The Baltic populations were formerly regarded as a distinct taxon, namely A. osiliensis or A. serrata osiliensis Mierzejewski, 1913. The characters separating these two taxa are however weak and are now considered insignificant, reflecting at most more genetic variability than true speciation. Presently, A. (s.) osiliensis is regarded as a synonym of A. serrata (Dijkstra & Lewington, 2007) but further genetic studies would be welcome to strengthen this interpretation." 165514,Brachytron pratense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Brachytron,pratense,,,,,"(Müller, 1764)", 165467,Caliaeschna microstigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Caliaeschna,microstigma,,,,,"(Schneider, 1845)", 165520,Coenagrion ornatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,ornatum,,,,,"(Selys, 1850)","The reliability of the close relative Coenagrion vanbrinkae Lohmann, 1993 is still questioned. The latter, if valid, is probably not more than a subspecies of C. ornatum (Selys, 1850). As no reliable published information allows tracing reliable ranges for both, these two taxa are merged here and considered as synonyms." 165484,Coenagrion pulchellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,pulchellum,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1823)","

Several subspecies - Coenagrion pulchellum mediterraneum Schmidt, 1964, C. p. interruptum (Charpentier, 1840) and C. p. saisanicum (Belyshev, 1964), have been described in the past. They were mostly based on variations in melanism and in size. As both characters are highly variable within a given region, these subspecies are no longer recognized as valid.

" 165502,Coenagrion scitulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,scitulum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 165478,Erythromma viridulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Erythromma,viridulum,,,,,"Charpentier, 1840","The subspecies Erythromma viridulum orientale Schmidt, 1960 doesn't differ statistically from many European populations and cannot be validated (Boudot and Jacquemin 1988)" 165525,Ischnura pumilio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,pumilio,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)", 165500,Pyrrhosoma nymphula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pyrrhosoma,nymphula,,,,,"(Sulzer, 1776)","No valid subspecies is known, as Pyrrhosoma elysabethae definitely has full species rank (Kalkman and Lopau 2006)." 165507,Cordulegaster insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,insignis,,,,,"Schneider, 1845","The overall taxonomy of Cordulegaster insignis Schneider, 1845 is much more complex than previously believed. Many local forms of this polytypic species do not fit the so-called ""specific"" criteria of the populations from the type locality and other parts of the southwestern part of the Taurus range. All subspecies previously described should be reconsidered on a statistical basis and with the help of the new genetic tools available in modern systematics. Cordulegaster (insignis) coronata Morton, 1915 (Central Asia) and C. (insignis) mzymtae Bartenef, 1929 (southern Caucasus and NE Anatolia) will be included here in C. insignis Schneider, 1845, but this is in need of re-examination by more systematic and cladistic studies." 165526,Cordulegaster picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,picta,,,,,"Selys, 1854","Cordulegaster picta is a very variable taxon in colour pattern which shows several morphs. Some populations are very yellow and resemble C. heros or some forms of C. insignis and C. helladica in colour pattern, others are very black and resemble C. bidentata, C. b. boltonii, C. trinacriae or even C. vanbrinkae with respect to their general colour. The black forms seem to be localized in the western Rhodopes mountains between Greece and Bulgaria, in European Turkey and in northern Anatolia. The yellowest forms are known from the Eastern Rhodopes, from some East Aegean islands and from western and southern Anatolia. Intermediate populations are known as well. No subspecific differentiation is possible between these forms, as none show a proper geographic range. Only the examination of the abdominal appendages is needed for a correct identification of this species and all its morphs." 165485,Somatochlora flavomaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,flavomaculata,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1825)", 165494,Somatochlora meridionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,meridionalis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1935","There is some debate over whether Somatochlora meridionalis is a valid species or only a subspecies of S. metallica. In this assessment, both taxa will be treated as full species. Some old records dealing with S. metallica in the Balkans may refer to S. meridionalis." 165515,Epallage fatime,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Epallage,fatime,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)","The family name Euphaeidae should be replaced by the name Epallagidae Needham, 1903 in strict application of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" 165466,Stylurus flavipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,flavipes,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)","The Asiatic Gomphus ubadschii Schmidt 1953, considered as a subspecies of G. flavipes for a long time, is now placed at the full species rank. The so-called subspecies Gomphus flavipes sibirica Bartenev, 1909 is not different from the European taxon and has not been validated" 165491,Stylurus ubadschii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,ubadschii,,,,,"Schmidt, 1953",Formerly considered as a subspecies of Gomphus flavipes under the invalid homonym Gomphus flavipes lineatus (Bartenef 1929). 165523,Gomphus vulgatissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,vulgatissimus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Gomphus vulgatissimus is rather similar to G. schneiderii and the latter is sometimes considered as a subspecies of the former, with which it can be easily confused. Both taxa either overlap and hybridize or are connected through clinal variation by intermediate forms, so that the geographic limit between them cannot be traced with certainty. Some intermediates have even been described under G. schneideri helladicus Buchholz, 1954. Due to this complexity, information on distribution in parts of the Balkan Peninsula is unclear and genetic studies will be needed to clarify the situation in this area." 165480,Lestes macrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,macrostigma,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1836)", 165493,Chalcolestes parvidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Chalcolestes,parvidens,,,,,"Artobolevskii, 1929","The species (as Lestes parvidens) was previously considered a subspecies of Lestes viridis. 

Both L. viridis and L. parvidens were moved to the genus Chalcolestes Kennedy, 1920, based on genetic analysis (Dumont pers. comm. 2007, Schorr and Paulson 2015)." 165475,Lestes sponsa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,sponsa,,,,,"(Hansemann, 1823)", 165492,Lestes virens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,virens,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)","Two subspecies are currently recognized, namely Lestes virens virens (Charpentier, 1825) in the west Mediterranean area, and L. virens vestalis Rambur, 1842 in the rest of Europe. The distinction of these two spp. is sometimes not possible in parts of France. The precise identity of the Anatolian member of L. virens is still unclear. This species is assessed without any subspecies distinction." 165459,Sympecma paedisca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Sympecma,paedisca,,,,,"(Brauer, 1877)","This species is known under different names, which were, until recently, frequently used. Jödicke (1997) showed that the name Sympecma paedisca has priority over the names annulata, braueri and striata. The latter three names are still sometimes used for subspecies occurring in the southeast of its range. These subspecies are largely based on the reduced dark pattern on the thorax. This character is however merely correlated with the hot climate of Central Asia where specimens become gradually paler over a large area. Due to this it is not possible to distinguish clearly definable subspecies and the subspecies should be considered invalid." 165486,Leucorrhinia pectoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,pectoralis,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)", 165531,Libellula depressa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,depressa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","In some literature, this species has been assigned to the genera Platetrum or Ladona (Schmidt 1987) but presently most authors use the Libellula as genus name." 165496,Libellula fulva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,fulva,,,,,"Müller, 1764","The southwest Asian Libellula pontica was until recently considered to be a subspecies of L. fulva. In some literature, this species has been assigned to the genus Ladona. Here it is assessed as Libellula." 165510,Sympetrum meridionale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,meridionale,,,,,"(Selys, 1841)", 165464,Sympetrum pedemontanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,pedemontanum,,,,,"(Müller in Allioni, 1766)", 165483,Sympetrum vulgatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,vulgatum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","In northern Spain, subspecies ibericum occurs, which requires further taxonomic study. Sympetrum decoloratum, which occurs in Asian Turkey and further east is considered to be a valid species, and not a subspecies of S. vulgatum. In eastern Asia several other subspecies have been described." 19160606,Ophiogomphus reductus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,reductus,,,,,"Calvert, 1898",The species was formerly considered as a subspecies of O. cecilia. It is regarded now as a good species. 19198562,Andrena olympica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,olympica,,,,,"Grünwaldt, 2005", 19198687,Andrena pareklisiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,pareklisiae,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1957", 19198962,Andrena pastellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,pastellensis,,,,,"Schwenninger, 2007", 19199351,Andrena pellucens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,pellucens,,,,,"Pérez, 1895", 19199069,Andrena pelopa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,pelopa,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19198516,Andrena relata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,relata,,,,,"Warncke, 1967", 19199036,Andrena resoluta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,resoluta,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 19199752,Andrena rhenana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,rhenana,,,,,"Stoeckhert, 1930", 19199941,Andrena rogenhoferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,rogenhoferi,,,,,"Morawitz, 1872", 19199565,Andrena roseipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,roseipes,,,,,"Alfken, 1933","In Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002), the species is named Andrena roscipes Alfken, 1933. The correct name is A. roseipes, not A. roscipes. In the original description the name indeed is spelled A. roscipes, but this was a printer's error. It is obvious, that in choosing the species name Alfken refers to the red colour of the hind legs, thus according to ICZN § 32.5.1 the name A. roseipes is valid." 19199407,Andrena sagittaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,sagittaria,,,,,"Warncke, 1968","Although Andrena sagittaria has been considered a subspecies of Andrena sinuatta, for the purposes of the assessment the criteria of Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002) will be followed, regarding it as a species on its own." 19199760,Andrena sandanskia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,sandanskia,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 19199613,Andrena sibthorpi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,sibthorpi,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1952", 19199549,Andrena siciliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,siciliana,,,,,"Warncke, 1980", 19199355,Andrena solenopalpa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,solenopalpa,,,,,"Benoist, 1945", 19198587,Andrena standfussorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,standfussorum,,,,,"Scheuchl, 2010", 19198572,Andrena strohmella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,strohmella,,,,,"Illiger, 1806", 19199373,Andrena taxana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,taxana,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19198517,Andrena tricuspidata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,tricuspidata,,,,,"Scheuchl, 2010", 19199004,Andrena trikalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,trikalensis,,,,,"Warncke, 1965", 19199472,Andrena vacella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,vacella,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19199700,Andrena wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,wollastoni,,,,,"Cockerell, 1922", 4375,Alburnus tarichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,tarichi,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1814)", 60822,Carasobarbus canis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,canis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 61360,Chondrostoma fahirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,fahirae,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)", 61369,Carasobarbus chantrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,chantrei,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1882)", 19017693,Acanthobrama marmid,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,marmid,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19017703,Acanthobrama microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,microlepis,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1863)","Still often placed in Acanthalburnus, which is a synonym to Acanthobrama." 19017787,Acanthobrama tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Acanthobrama,tricolor,,,,,"(Lortet, 1883)", 19018221,Alburnus attalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,attalus,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2007", 19018242,Alburnus baliki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,baliki,,,,,"Bogutskaya, Küçük & Ünlü, 2000", 19018275,Alburnus battalgilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,battalgilae,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2007", 19018332,Alburnus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,caeruleus,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19018407,Alburnus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,carinatus,,,,,"Battalgil, 1941", 19018419,Alburnus demiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,demiri,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2008", 19018463,Alburnus derjugini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,derjugini,,,,,"Berg, 1923", 19018485,Alburnus escherichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,escherichii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1897", 19018496,Alburnus filippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,filippii,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 19018514,Alburnus kotschyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,kotschyi,,,,,"Steindachner, 1863", 19018610,Alburnus nasreddini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,nasreddini,,,,,"Battalgil, 1943", 19018670,Alburnus nicaeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,nicaeensis,,,,,"Battalgil, 1941", 19018860,Alburnus sellal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,sellal,,,,,"Heckel, 1843",Often identified as A. mossulensis in the Euphrates and Tigris drainage. 19021152,Barbus lacerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,lacerta,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19021245,Barbus niluferensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,niluferensis,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2009", 19021533,Barbus oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,oligolepis,,,,,"Battalgil, 1941", 19021664,Barilius mesopotamicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,mesopotamicus,,,,,"Berg, 1932", 19024691,Capoeta baliki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,baliki,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat, Ekmekçi & Imamoglu, 2006","This species might be a synonym to Capoeta tinca. Until conclusive data are published, both are assesses independently." 19024918,Capoeta banarescui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,banarescui,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat, Ekmekçi & Imamoglu, 2006", 19025039,Capoeta barroisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,barroisi,,,,,"Lortet, 1894","This species is often reported from the Euphrates and Tigris, tributaries to the Gulf in Iran and Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers in Turkey. All these populations belong to other, closely related species." 19025363,Capoeta caelestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,caelestis,,,,,"Schöter, Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2009", 19025623,Capoeta ekmekciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,ekmekciae,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat, Kirankaya & Engin, 2006",This species seems to be very closely related to C. capoeta and future research might demonstrate that it is a synonym of this species. 19025707,Capoeta damascina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,damascina,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 19025830,Capoeta erhani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,erhani,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2008", 19026072,Capoeta kosswigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,kosswigi,,,,,"Karaman, 1969","Published molecular and morphological data suggest, that this species is a synonym of Capoeta damascina." 19026224,Capoeta mauricii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,mauricii,,,,,"Küçük, Turan, Şahin & Gülle, 2009", 19026443,Capoeta sieboldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,sieboldii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 19027398,Capoeta tinca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,tinca,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19027513,Capoeta trutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,trutta,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19027543,Capoeta turani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,turani,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2008", 19027584,Capoeta umbla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,umbla,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19083155,Carasobarbus luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,luteus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19083537,Chondrostoma angorense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,angorense,,,,,"Elvira, 1987", 19083721,Chondrostoma colchicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,colchicum,,,,,"Derjugin, 1899", 19083836,Chondrostoma cyri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,cyri,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 19084757,Chondrostoma regium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,regium,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19084839,Cobitis battalgilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,battalgilae,,,,,"Băcescu, 1962", 19084884,Cobitis elazigensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,elazigensis,,,,,"Coad & Sarieyyüpoglu, 1988", 19085009,Cobitis evreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,evreni,,,,,"Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008", 19085174,Cobitis kellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,kellei,,,,,"Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998", 19085501,Cobitis phrygica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,phrygica,,,,,"Battalgazi, 1944","This species is often treated as a synonym of C. simplicispina, but molecular data clearly show that it represent an own species." 19085537,Cobitis satunini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,satunini,,,,,"Gladkov, 1935", 19085613,Cobitis simplicispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,simplicispina,,,,,"Hankó, 1925", 19085854,Cobitis splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,splendens,,,,,"Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998", 19086223,Cyprinion kais,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinion,kais,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19086521,Cyprinion macrostomum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinion,macrostomum,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19086782,Garra persica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,persica,,,,,"Berg, 1914", 19086922,Garra rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,rufa,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19087010,Garra variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,variabilis,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19087105,Gobio battalgilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,battalgilae,,,,,"Naseka, Erk'akan & Küçük, 2006","The type locality of this species has not been found again. All populations from all streams in the lake basin studied belong to G. microlepidotus, the identity of G. battalgilae could not be confirmed so far. It is therefore assessed as DD due to taxonomic reasons." 19087536,Gobio caucasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,caucasicus,,,,,"Kamensky, 1901", 19087657,Gobio gymnostethus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,gymnostethus,,,,,"Ladiges, 1960", 19087818,Gobio insuyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,insuyanus,,,,,"Ladiges, 1960", 19087900,Gobio intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,intermedius,,,,,"Battalgil, 1943", 19088255,Gobio lepidolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,lepidolaemus,,,,,"Kessler, 1872", 19088403,Gobio maeandricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,maeandricus,,,,,"Naseka, Erk'akan & Küçük, 2006", 19088410,Gobio microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,microlepidotus,,,,,"Battalgil, 1942", 19161434,Carasobarbus kosswigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,kosswigi,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)", 19171396,Leucalburnus satunini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leucalburnus,satunini,,,,,"(Berg, 1910)", 19171748,Leuciscus vorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,vorax,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)",This species has now been transferred to the genus Leuciscus (Perea et al. 2010). 18435486,Elachistocleis bumbameuboi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,bumbameuboi,,,,,"Caramaschi, 2010","

Caramaschi (2010) considered Elachistocleis ovalis a nomen dubium associated to a species inquirenda (a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation); biological populations in Brazil formerly associated to this name were reassigned to other species, including this one.

" 19378341,Phrynobatrachus kakamikro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,kakamikro,,,,,"Schick, Zimkus, Channing, Köhler & Lötters, 2010", 21257,Syngnathus abaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,abaster,,,,,"Risso, 1827","This species' taxonomy remains partially unresolved, with molecular studies demonstrating the current concept to comprise at least three potentially distinct taxa in the western Meditearranean alone. Some authors refer to the subpopulation inhabiting the Azov and Black Sea basins, including their affluent rivers, as S. nigrolineatus Eichwald 1831, but this view had not gained wide acceptance at time of writing. The subpopulation from the Caspian Sea basin is currently valid as S. caspius Eichwald 1831, however.

Synganthus abaster seems to be a large complex of species and future taxonomic work is encouraged to review this group. We exclude Syngnathus caspicus but expect that S. abaster will be restricted to marine populations in the western part of its range in the future." 19520513,Breviceps branchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,branchi,,,,,"Channing, 2012","This is a newly described species (Channing 2012) from coastal Namaqualand, South Africa. The description is based on morphology and mitochondrial DNA (16S rRNA). The species is most closely related to Breviceps namaquensis." 54800,Bufoides meghalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufoides,meghalayanus,,,,,"(Yazdani & Chanda, 1971)","Populations from Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Dampa Tiger Reserve and Tura in the Garo hills of Meghalaya previously reported under this nominal form are now considered to be an undescribed species (Deuti et al. 2012). However for the purposes of this assessment this undescribed form is still considered part of the nominal form until such time as it is formally described, so that it is not left in a conservation void." 15431203,Acrotylus apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrotylus,apicalis,,,,,"Bolívar, 1908", 19672351,Acanthoxia aculeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acanthoxia,aculeus,,,,,"Grunshaw, 1986","The genus has been revised by Grunshaw (1996), who described this species based upon museum material." 19672365,Acridoderes uvarovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acridoderes,uvarovi,,,,,"(Miller, 1925)", 19672368,Acrotylus mossambicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrotylus,mossambicus,,,,,"Brancsiz, 1893", 19672398,Acteana alazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acteana,alazonica,,,,,"Karsch, 1896", 19672414,Afrophlaeoba euthynota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Afrophlaeoba,euthynota,,,,,"Jago, 1983", 19672427,Afrophlaeoba nguru,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Afrophlaeoba,nguru,,,,,"Jago, 1983", 19672475,Brachycrotaphus sjostedti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Brachycrotaphus,sjostedti,,,,,"Uvarov, 1932", 19672561,Cardeniopsis regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Cardeniopsis,regalis,,,,,"(Karny, 1907)", 19672577,Catantops tanganus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Catantops,tanganus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 19672611,Chromochokwea fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chromochokwea,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1953)", 19672616,Coenona brevipedalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Coenona,brevipedalis,,,,,"Karsch, 1896", 19672625,Coryphosima cytidonota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Coryphosima,cytidonota,,,,,"Jago, 1970", 19672630,Cyphocerastis uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Cyphocerastis,uluguruensis,,,,,"Johnsen, 1987", 19672635,Eupropacris abbreviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eupropacris,abbreviata,,,,,"Miller, 1929", 19672638,Eupropacris pompalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eupropacris,pompalis,,,,,"(Karsch, 1896)", 19672641,Eupropacris uniformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eupropacris,uniformis,,,,,"Ramme, 1929", 19672644,Eyprepocnemis burtti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eyprepocnemis,burtti,,,,,"Dirsh, 1958", 19672647,Eyprepocnemis reducta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eyprepocnemis,reducta,,,,,"Johnsen, 1984", 19672659,Gymnobothrus oberthuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Gymnobothrus,oberthuri,,,,,"I. Bolívar, 1890", 19672662,Gymnobothrus roemeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Gymnobothrus,roemeri,,,,,"(Karny, 1909)", 19672673,Hadrolecocatantops uvinza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Hadrolecocatantops,uvinza,,,,,"Jago, 1994", 19672676,Heteracris coerulipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Heteracris,coerulipes,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1910)", 19672749,Odontomelus brachypterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontomelus,brachypterus,,,,,"(Gerstäcker, 1869)", 19672752,Odontomelus mahali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontomelus,mahali,,,,,"Jago, 1995", 19672755,Odontomelus micropterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontomelus,micropterus,,,,,"Johnsen & Forchhammer, 1975", 19672759,Odontomelus nguruense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontomelus,nguruense,,,,,"Jago, 1995", 19672762,Odontomelus pareense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontomelus,pareense,,,,,"Jago, 1995", 19672765,Odontomelus phloiodes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontomelus,phloiodes,,,,,"Jago, 1995", 19672912,Parepistaurus hanangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,hanangensis,,,,,"Hemp, 2010", 19672928,Parepistaurus intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,intermedius,,,,,"Green, 1998", 19672931,Parepistaurus jagoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,jagoi,,,,,"Green, 1998", 19672934,Parepistaurus johnseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,johnseni,,,,,"Green, 1998", 19672946,Parepistaurus lindneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,lindneri,,,,,"Kevan, 1955", 19672949,Parepistaurus lobicercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,lobicercus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1953",Subpopulations of this species from different mountain ranges vary in morphology and need to be re-examined to clarify if they all represent the same species. 19672953,Parepistaurus pugui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,pugui,,,,,"Green, 1998", 19672978,Parepistaurus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Karny, 1909)", 19673006,Parepistaurus robertsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,robertsoni,,,,,"Green, 1998", 19673009,Parepistaurus uguenoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,uguenoensis,,,,,"Hemp, 2010", 19673045,Parepistaurus zanzibaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parepistaurus,zanzibaricus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1953", 19673054,Parodontomelus arachniformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parodontomelus,arachniformis,,,,,"Jago, 1983", 19673058,Parodontomelus brachypterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parodontomelus,brachypterus,,,,,"(Karny, 1917)", 19673061,Parodontomelus luci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parodontomelus,luci,,,,,"Hochkirch, 1999", 19673064,Parodontomelus mazumbaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parodontomelus,mazumbaiensis,,,,,"Jago, 1983", 19673068,Parodontomelus stoltzei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parodontomelus,stoltzei,,,,,"(Johnsen, 1983)", 19673071,Parodontomelus verticulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Parodontomelus,verticulus,,,,,"Jago, 1983", 19673078,Phymeurus fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"Mason, 1966", 19673116,Phaeocatantops uluguruense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phaeocatantops,uluguruense,,,,,"Jago, 1982", 19673317,Unalia fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Unalia,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1953)", 19673945,Mecostibus burtti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Mecostibus,burtti,,,,,"Dirsh, 1957", 19673948,Mecostibus leprosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Mecostibus,leprosus,,,,,"Karsch, 1896", 19673951,Mecostibus minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Mecostibus,minor,,,,,"(Bruner, 1910)", 19673954,Mecostibus sublaevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Mecostibus,sublaevis,,,,,"Karsch, 1896", 19673959,Mecostiboides physalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Mecostiboides,physalus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1896)", 19673972,Usambilla affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Usambilla,affinis,,,,,"Kevan, 1961", 19673993,Usambilla chlorophrygana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Usambilla,chlorophrygana,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19674002,Usambilla haematogramma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Usambilla,haematogramma,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19674005,Usambilla hanangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Usambilla,hanangensis,,,,,"Hemp, 2008", 19674008,Usambilla leptophrygana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Usambilla,leptophrygana,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19674016,Chromousambilla latistriata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Chromousambilla,latistriata,,,,,"(Ramme, 1929)", 19674019,Chromousambilla robertsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Chromousambilla,robertsoni,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19674022,Chromousambilla veseyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Chromousambilla,veseyi,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19674027,Altiusambilla modicicrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Altiusambilla,modicicrus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1896)", 19674038,Rhainopomma magnificum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Rhainopomma,magnificum,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19674044,Rhainopomma nguruense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Rhainopomma,nguruense,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19674050,Rhainopomma pseudomontanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Rhainopomma,pseudomontanum,,,,,"Hemp, 2007", 19674053,Rhainopomma uguenoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Rhainopomma,uguenoensis,,,,,"Hemp, 2007", 19674056,Rhainopomma usambaricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Rhainopomma,usambaricum,,,,,"(Ramme, 1929)", 19674059,Rhainopomma wapugu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Rhainopomma,wapugu,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 19675432,Afrotridactylus usambaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIDACTYLIDAE,Afrotridactylus,usambaricus,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1910)", 17624,Plethobasus cyphyus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Plethobasus,cyphyus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820","Plethobasus cyphyus (Rafinesque, 1820), the ""Sheepnose"", was placed in the genus Plethobasus by Ortmann (1919) having previously been assigned to other genera such as Unio, Pleurobema, Margarita, and Margaron. There are various spellings of the epithet of this species such as cyphya, scyphius, cyphius, cyphia, cyphyum and cyphyus. 
A subspecies, Plethobasus cyphyus compertus (Frierson, 1911), has been noted in the upper Tennessee river basin by Ortmann (1918) and has been considered a headwaters form. This form is described as having weak development of the medial row of knobs and sulcus, an elongated shell and pale coloured tissues. It is recommended that a systematic examination of the two forms should be undertaken in order to determine any taxonomic significance. It is also recommended to examine all species in the genus Plethobasus to confirm relatedness." 19743037,Paelopatides mollis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,mollis,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743027,Paelopatides mammillatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,mammillatus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19711507,Holothuria tuberculata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,tuberculata,,,,,"Thandar, 2007", 19743032,Paelopatides modestus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,modestus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743022,Paelopatides insignis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,insignis,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743016,Paelopatides illicitus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,illicitus,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901", 19743065,Paelopatides verrucosus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,verrucosus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743072,Perizona magna,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Perizona,magna,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743050,Paelopatides retifer,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,retifer,,,,,"Fisher, 1907", 19743056,Paelopatides suspecta,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,suspecta,,,,,"Ludwig, 1894", 19743044,Paelopatides ovalis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,ovalis,,,,,"(Walsh, 1891)", 19712646,Amphigymnas bahamensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Amphigymnas,bahamensis,,,,,"Deichmann, 1930", 19718050,Capheira mollis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Capheira,mollis,,,,,"Ohshima, 1915", 19743004,Paelopatides gelatinosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,gelatinosa,,,,,"(Walsh, 1891)", 19742996,Paelopatides dissidens,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paelopatides,dissidens,,,,,"(Koehler & Vaney, 1910)", 19712597,Allopatides dendroeides,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Allopatides,dendroeides,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743170,Synallactes challengeri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,challengeri,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)", 19743094,Pseudostichopus hyalegerus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,hyalegerus,,,,,"(Sluiter, 1901)", 19712515,Allopatides corrugatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Allopatides,corrugatus,,,,,"Massin, 1987", 19743079,Pseudostichopus elegans,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,elegans,,,,,"(Koehler & Vaney, 1905)", 19743123,Synallactes alexandri,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,alexandri,,,,,"Ludwig, 1894", 19716054,Bathyplotes rubicundus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,rubicundus,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901", 19743108,Pseudostichopus langeae,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Pseudostichopus,langeae,,,,,"Thandar, 2009", 19743115,Synallactes aenigma,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,aenigma,,,,,"Ludwig, 1894", 19718342,Hansenothuria benti,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Hansenothuria,benti,,,,,"Miller & Pawson, 1989", 19709023,Holothuria enalia,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,enalia,,,,,"Lampert, 1885", 19711761,Apostichopus johnsoni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Apostichopus,johnsoni,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)", 19708976,Holothuria duoturriforma,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,duoturriforma,,,,,"Thandar, 2007", 19715612,Bathyplotes golden-hindi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,golden-hindi,,,,,"Mitsukuri, 1912", 19743767,Mesothuria thomsoni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,thomsoni,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)", 19708918,Holothuria casoae,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,casoae,,,,,"Laguarda-Figueras & Solís-Marín, 2009", 19710927,Holothuria longicosta,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,longicosta,,,,,"Thandar, 2007", 19715689,Bathyplotes phlegmaticus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,phlegmaticus,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901", 19711843,Apostichopus leukothele,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Apostichopus,leukothele,,,,,"(Lambert, 1986)", 19709103,Holothuria immobilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,immobilis,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 19712826,Amphigymnas multipes,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Amphigymnas,multipes,,,,,"Walsh, 1891", 19709100,Holothuria huberti,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,huberti,,,,,"Russo, 1899", 19715765,Bathyplotes roseus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,roseus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1910", 19710863,Holothuria isuga,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,isuga,,,,,"Mitsukuri, 1912", 19711938,Apostichopus multidentis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Apostichopus,multidentis,,,,,"(Imaoka, 1991)", 19716630,Synallactes pellucidus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,pellucidus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19719775,Mesothuria holothurioides,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,holothurioides,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901", 19717509,Capheira sulcata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Capheira,sulcata,,,,,"Ludwig, 1893", 19712189,Apostichopus nigripunctatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Apostichopus,nigripunctatus,,,,,"(Augustin, 1908)", 19743545,Synallactes rigidus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,rigidus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19720826,Mesothuria oktaknemus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,oktaknemus,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901", 19710984,Holothuria manningi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,manningi,,,,,"Pawson, 1978", 19720909,Mesothuria squamosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,squamosa,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19708732,Actinopyga varians,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,varians,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)", 19708753,Argiodia maculata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Argiodia,maculata,,,,,"Domantay, 1933", 19711070,Holothuria nigralutea,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,nigralutea,,,,,"O'Loughlin, 2007", 19708759,Holothuria aemula,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,aemula,,,,,"Sluiter, 1914", 19708766,Holothuria albifasciatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,albifasciatus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1834", 19716454,Synallactes triplax,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,triplax,,,,,"Clark, 1920", 19708780,Holothuria austrinabassa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,austrinabassa,,,,,"O'Loughlin, 2007", 19743693,Mesothuria marginata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,marginata,,,,,"Sluiter, 1901", 19717382,Benthothuria fusiformis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Benthothuria,fusiformis,,,,,"(Sluiter, 1901)", 19723127,Paroriza grevei,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paroriza,grevei,,,,,"Hansen, 1956", 19711082,Holothuria papillata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,papillata,,,,,"Bell, 1887", 19708770,Holothuria altaturricula,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,altaturricula,,,,,"Cherbonnier & Féral, 1984", 19715433,Bathyplotes cinctus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,cinctus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1910", 19711112,Holothuria pluricuriosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pluricuriosa,,,,,"Deichmann, 1937", 19708816,Holothuria cadelli,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,cadelli,,,,,"Bell, 1887", 19719847,Mesothuria incerta,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,incerta,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743628,Synallactes samyni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,samyni,,,,,"Thandar, 2008", 19743631,Synallactes triradiata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,triradiata,,,,,"Mitsukuri, 1912", 19743604,Synallactes sagamiensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,sagamiensis,,,,,"(Augustin, 1908)", 19720743,Mesothuria oktaknemoides,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,oktaknemoides,,,,,"Heding, 1940", 19715512,Bathyplotes crenulata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,crenulata,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19725134,Paroriza verrucosa,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Paroriza,verrucosa,,,,,"Massin, 1987", 19711179,Holothuria pseudonotabilis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pseudonotabilis,,,,,"Thandar, 2007", 19720016,Mesothuria megapoda,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,megapoda,,,,,"Clark, 1920", 19718927,Mesothuria gargantua,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,gargantua,,,,,"Deichmann, 1930", 19743327,Synallactes longipapillata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,longipapillata,,,,,"Sibuet, 1978", 19743295,Synallactes horridus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,horridus,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19711252,Holothuria pyxoides,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,pyxoides,,,,,"Ludwig, 1888", 19710303,Holothuria insignis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,insignis,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875", 19743237,Synallactes elongata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,elongata,,,,,"(Heding, 1940)", 19743257,Synallactes gilberti,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,gilberti,,,,,"Ohshima, 1915", 19717334,Benthothuria distorta,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Benthothuria,distorta,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19719913,Mesothuria magellani,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,magellani,,,,,"Ludwig, 1883", 19711306,Holothuria rathbunii,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,rathbunii,,,,,"Lampert, 1885", 19743205,Synallactes chuni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,chuni,,,,,"Augustin, 1908", 19743226,Synallactes discoidalis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,discoidalis,,,,,"Mitsukuri, 1912", 19711325,Holothuria squamifera,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,squamifera,,,,,"Semper, 1868", 19720962,Molpadiodemas violaceus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Molpadiodemas,violaceus,,,,,"(Théel, 1886)", 19712304,Apostichopus nipponensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Apostichopus,nipponensis,,,,,"(Imaoka, 1990)", 19743419,Synallactes nozawai,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,nozawai,,,,,"Mitsukuri, 1912", 19711394,Holothuria truncata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,truncata,,,,,"Lampert, 1885", 19715267,Bathyplotes bigelowi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,bigelowi,,,,,"Deichmann, 1940", 19717202,Benthothuria cristata,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Benthothuria,cristata,,,,,"Koehler & Vaney, 1905", 19743348,Synallactes multivesiculatus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Synallactes,multivesiculatus,,,,,"Ohshima, 1915", 19715239,Bathyplotes baculosus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Bathyplotes,baculosus,,,,,"(Massin, 1987)", 19720058,Mesothuria multipora,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,multipora,,,,,"Clark, 1920", 18435492,Elachistocleis helianneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,helianneae,,,,,"Caramaschi, 2010","

Caramaschi (2010) considered Elachistocleis ovalis a nomen dubium associated to a species inquirenda (a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation); biological subpopulations in Brazil formerly associated to this name were reassigned to other species, including E. helianneae.

" 18435501,Elachistocleis surumu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,surumu,,,,,"Caramaschi, 2010","

Caramaschi (2010) considered Elachistocleis ovalis a nomen dubium associated to a species inquirenda (a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation); biological populations in Brazil formerly associated to this name were reassigned to other species, including this one.

" 18435489,Elachistocleis carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,carvalhoi,,,,,"Caramaschi, 2010","

Caramaschi (2010) considered Elachistocleis ovalis a nomen dubium associated to a species inquirenda (a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation); biological populations in Brazil formerly associated to this name were reassigned to other species, including this one.

" 18435497,Elachistocleis matogrosso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,matogrosso,,,,,"Caramaschi, 2010",


19413068,Oxynoemacheilus evreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,evreni,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)", 19387775,Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,ercisianus,,,,,"(Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986)", 19428862,Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,lenkoranensis,,,,,"(Abdurakhmanov, 1962)",This species might be conspecific with Oxynoemacheilus bergianus and it is assessed as DD until its status has been better understood. 19430533,Oxynoemacheilus phoxinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,phoxinoides,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)", 19383456,Luciobarbus mursa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,mursa,,,,,(Güldenstädt 1773), 19483002,Aphanius danfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,danfordii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)",Superficially simliar Aphanius from Kızılırmak drainage have usually been identified as this species but seem to represent an undescribed species. They are excluded from the assessment of A. danfordii. 19428361,Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,kaynaki,,,,,"Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008", 19451077,Seminemacheilus ispartensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Seminemacheilus,ispartensis,,,,,"Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007", 19517101,Salmo tigridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,tigridis,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Bektaş 2011","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages.  The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus, and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19452232,Squalius lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,lepidus,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19383495,Luciobarbus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,pectoralis,,,,,(Heckel 1843),"Many populations from the Persian Gulf basin, especially from the Euphrates and Tigris drainage have been identified as this species. These identifications have not been confirmed and only populations from the Mediterranean basin are here assessed under this species name." 19387275,Oxynoemacheilus cyri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,cyri,,,,,"(Berg, 1910)", 61277,Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,galilaeus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 19412704,Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,eregliensis,,,,,"(Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978)", 19449338,Rutilus sojuchbulagi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,sojuchbulagi,,,,,"Abdurakhmanov, 1950", 19449330,Rutilus atropatenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,atropatenus,,,,,"Derjavin, 1937", 73,Mirogrex hulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Mirogrex,hulensis,,,,,"Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973", 19448841,Pseudophoxinus fahrettini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,fahrettini,,,,,"Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2010", 19384847,Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,argyrogramma,,,,,"(Heckel, 1847)", 19448847,Pseudophoxinus firati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,firati,,,,,"Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2006", 19448833,Pseudophoxinus elizavetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,elizavetae,,,,,"Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2006", 19448837,Pseudophoxinus evliyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,evliyae,,,,,"Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2010", 19383301,Luciobarbus lydianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,lydianus,,,,,(Boulenger 1896), 19447926,Paraschistura kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,kessleri,,,,,"(Günther, 1889)", 19452314,Squalius pursakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,pursakensis,,,,,"(Hankó, 1925)", 19428975,Oxynoemacheilus mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,mediterraneus,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)", 61344,Oxynoemacheilus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,insignis,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 60796,Oxynoemacheilus leontinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,leontinae,,,,,"(Lortet, 1883)", 19433615,Paraschistura bampurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,bampurensis,,,,,"(Nikolskii, 1900)", 19452809,Vimba mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Vimba,mirabilis,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1960)", 60341,Mirogrex terraesanctae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Mirogrex,terraesanctae,,,,,"(Steinitz, 1952)", 19378572,Luciobarbus esocinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,esocinus,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19516960,Salmo rizeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,rizeensis,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages. The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus, and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19413121,Oxynoemacheilus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,frenatus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19384476,Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,anatolicus,,,,,"Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008", 19451414,Squalius kosswigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,kosswigi,,,,,"(Karaman, 1972)", 19450404,Schizopygopsis stolickai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopygopsis,stolickai,,,,,"Steindachner, 1866", 19387135,Oxynoemacheilus cinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,cinicus,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)","There are several unpublished findings suggesting that this might be a synonym of O. eregliensis or O. germenicus." 19414192,Oxynoemacheilus hamwii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,hamwii,,,,,"(Krupp & Schneider, 1991)", 19513556,Aphanius mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,mento,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)",The populations aggregated under this name represent an unresolved species complex and might be split in several different species in future. 19452408,Squalius seyhanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,seyhanensis,,,,,"Turen, Kottelat & Doğan, 2013", 60405,Luciobarbus longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,longiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 19429091,Oxynoemacheilus namiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,namiri,,,,,"(Krupp & Schneider, 1991)", 19384642,Oxynoemacheilus araxensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,araxensis,,,,,(Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978),"Despite its name, this species has not yet been found in Arax drainage." 19513595,Aphanius villwocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,villwocki,,,,,"Hrbek & Wildekamp, 2003", 19385622,Oxynoemacheilus bergianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,bergianus,,,,,"(Derjavin, 1934)", 19515210,Salmo abanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,abanticus,,,,,"Tortonese, 1954","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages.  The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar) S. belvitca S. ohridanus and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19514118,Lampetra ninae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,ninae,,,,,"(Naseka, Tuniyev & Renaud, 2009)","In its original description, Naseka et al. (2009) placed this species in Lethenteron. However conclusive molecular data presented by Lang et al. (2009) place the species in Lampetra." 19516862,Salmo opimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,opimus,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2012","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages. The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus, and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19452398,Squalius adanaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,adanaensis,,,,,"Turen, Kottelat & Doğan, 2013", 19516858,Salmo labecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,labecula,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages.  The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus, and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19387100,Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,ceyhanensis,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)", 19385139,Oxynoemacheilus banarescui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,banarescui,,,,,"(Delmastro, 1982)", 19452394,Squalius recurvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,recurvirostris,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011", 19451307,Squalius fellowesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,fellowesii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 19513617,Gobio sakaryaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,sakaryaensis,,,,,"Turan, Ekmekçi, Luskova & Mandel, 2012", 19378668,Luciobarbus kottelati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,kottelati,,,,,"Turan, Ekmekçi, Ilhan & Engin, 2008", 19378662,Luciobarbus kersin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,kersin,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)","This species might be a synonym of L. schejch. Until the case has not been resolved, it is assessed as DD." 19430762,Oxynoemacheilus seyhanicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,seyhanicola,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)", 19383657,Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mesopotamichthys,sharpeyi,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 19431830,Oxynoemacheilus tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,tigris,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 14493,Oxynoemacheilus angorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,angorae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1897)", 19387030,Oxynoemacheilus brandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,brandtii,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)", 19451241,Squalius cappadocicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,cappadocicus,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011", 19451245,Squalius carinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,carinus,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011", 19452497,Squalius turcicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,turcicus,,,,,"De Filippi, 1865", 19450801,Schizopyge curvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizopyge,curvifrons,,,,,"(Heckel, 1838)", 19516809,Salmo coruhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,coruhensis,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages.  The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19429195,Oxynoemacheilus panthera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,panthera,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 19513691,Knipowitschia byblisia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,byblisia,,,,,"Ahnelt, 2011","This species is described to occur in sympatry with Knipowitschia caunosi. Freshly caught fishes could not be identified as K. caunosi or K. byblisia as all kinds of intermediate character states were found in larger series. While unpublished molecular data strongly support the existence of an endemic species of Knipowitschia in the area, maybe only one species exist. Some taxonomic work is needed to resolve the case, but this is beyond the aims of this assessment. To surround this unresolved case for the Red List assessment, both species are identically assessed against the Red List criteria." 19451947,Squalius kottelati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,kottelati,,,,,"Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya, 2009", 19513722,Ponticola cyrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,cyrius,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 19413937,Oxynoemacheilus germencicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,germencicus,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)", 19513716,Periophthalmus waltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,waltoni,,,,,"Koumans, 1941", 19449272,Pseudophoxinus hittitorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,hittitorum,,,,,"Freyhof & Özuluğ, 2010", 19513710,Knipowitschia caunosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,caunosi,,,,,"Ahnelt, 2011","This species is described to occur in sympatry with Knipowitschia byblisa. Freshly caught fishes could not be identified as K. byblisa or K. caunosi as all kinds of intermediate character states were found in larger series. While unpublished molecular data strongly support the existence of an endemic species of Knipowitschia in the area, maybe only one species exist. Some taxonomic work is needed to resolve the case, but this is beyond the aims of this assessment. To surround this unresolved case for the Red List assessment, both species are identically assessed against the Red List criteria." 19449267,Pseudophoxinus hasani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,hasani,,,,,"Krupp, 1992", 19449277,Pseudophoxinus ninae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,ninae,,,,,"Freyhof & Özulug, 2006", 19513755,Ponticola turani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,turani,,,,,"(Kovačić & Engín, 2008)", 19449294,Rhodeus colchicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,colchicus,,,,,"Bogutskaya & Komlev, 2001", 19383549,Luciobarbus subquincunciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,subquincunciatus,,,,,(Günther 1868), 19449290,Pseudophoxinus zekayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,zekayi,,,,,"Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay, 2006",The species is known from two places which show a considerable genetic difference and might two conservation units. 19429681,Oxynoemacheilus paucilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,paucilepis,,,,,"(Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)", 11057,Aphanius asquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Aphanius,asquamatus,,,,,"(Sözer, 1942)", 19449302,Romanogobio macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,macropterus,,,,,"(Kamensky, 1901)", 19513741,Ponticola rizensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,rizensis,,,,,"(Kovačić & Engín, 2008)", 19431706,Oxynoemacheilus atili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,atili,,,,,"Erk'akan, 2012", 19430738,Oxynoemacheilus samanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,samanticus,,,,,"(Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1978)", 19448775,Pseudophoxinus alii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,alii,,,,,"Küçük, 2007", 19529808,Mastacembelus mastacembelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,mastacembelus,,,,,"(Banks & Solander, 1794)", 19383627,Luciobarbus xanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,xanthopterus,,,,,Heckel 1843, 19515278,Salmo chilo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,chilo,,,,,"Turan, Kottelat & Engin 2012","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages. The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19520082,Mystus pelusius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,pelusius,,,,,"(Solander, 1794)", 19431749,Oxynoemacheilus mesudae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,mesudae,,,,,"Erk'akan, 2012", 19854,Salmo platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,platycephalus,,,,,"Behnke, 1968","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages. The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus, and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and  phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 19530320,Glyptothorax kurdistanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,kurdistanicus,,,,,"(Berg, 1931)","

The taxonomy of Glyptothorax from the Euphrates and Tigris basin is unresolved and usually 2-3 species are considered as valid. The first available name is G. cous which is described from Syria, followed by G. steindachneri described from the Tigris at Mossul. Molecular data suggest, that more species might be involved. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive taxonomic review of this genus in the Middle East. Until this has been done, none of the species from the Euphrates or Tigris except G. silviae can be assessed against the Red List criteria.

" 19428794,Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,kosswigi,,,,,"(Erk'akan & Kuru, 1986)", 19451137,Squalius aristotelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,aristotelis,,,,,"Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011", 19522402,Silurus triostegus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,triostegus,,,,,"Heckel, 1843", 19451142,Squalius berak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Squalius,berak,,,,,"Heckel, 1843",This is the species usually identified as Squalius cephalus from the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. 19199477,Hylaeus adriaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,adriaticus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1972)","The taxon is a member of the H. nivalis group (Dathe 2000)." 19199021,Hylaeus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,alpinus,,,,,"(Morawitz, 1867)",There are no taxonomic problems known at present. 19199096,Hylaeus ater,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,ater,,,,,"(Saunders, 1903)",The species was formerly mixed with H. canariensis and H. hohmanni (Dathe 1993). 19198482,Hylaeus canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,canariensis,,,,,"Erlandsson, 1983",The species was formerly mixed with H. ater and H. hohmanni (Dathe 1993). 19198583,Hylaeus convergens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,convergens,,,,,"Dathe, 2000",There are no taxonomic problems known at present. 19199230,Hylaeus crassanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,crassanus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1972)",There are no taxonomic problems known at present. 19199323,Hylaeus deceptorius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,deceptorius,,,,,"(Benoist, 1959)",This species replaces possibly H. communis at its southern and eastern distribution edges (see Dathe 2000). A taxonomic state of subspecies is discussed. 19199231,Hylaeus friesei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,friesei,,,,,"(Alfken, 1904)",There are no taxonomic problems known at present. 19199538,Hylaeus garrulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,garrulus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1981)",There are no taxonomic problems known at present. 19199804,Hylaeus hellenicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,hellenicus,,,,,"Dathe, 2000",The taxon is a member of the H. nivalis group (Dathe 2000). 19199341,Hylaeus hohmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,hohmanni,,,,,"Dathe, 1993",The species was formerly confused with H. ater and H. canariensis (Dathe 1993). 19199207,Hylaeus hyperpunctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,hyperpunctatus,,,,,"(Strand, 1909)","This species belongs to a highly diverse taxonomic group, which is not yet fully understood." 19199239,Hylaeus ibericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,ibericus,,,,,"Dathe, 2000",The taxon is a member of the Hylaeus nivalis group (Dathe 2000). 19199635,Hylaeus koenigsmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,koenigsmanni,,,,,"Dathe, 1981",The taxon is a member of the Hylaeus nivalis group (Dathe 2000). 19199088,Hylaeus maderensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,maderensis,,,,,"(Cockerell, 1921)", 19199942,Hylaeus milossus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,milossus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1981)","This species belongs to a highly diverse taxonomic group, which is not yet fully understood. It is probably a local variant only and is closely related to Hylaeus hyalinatus." 19198899,Hylaeus nivaliformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,nivaliformis,,,,,"Dathe, 1977",The taxon is a member of the H. nivalis group (Dathe 2000). 19198424,Hylaeus nivalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,nivalis,,,,,"(Morawitz, 1867)","The taxon is a member of the Hylaeus nivalis group (Dathe 1977, 2000)." 19199894,Hylaeus penalaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,penalaris,,,,,"Dathe, 1979","The taxonomic situation of the species of the Hylaeus conformis group was formerly unclear (Dathe 2006)." 19198613,Hylaeus pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,pictus,,,,,"(Smith, 1853)","The taxonomy of the Hylaeus gibbus group was recently revisited (Straka and Bogusch 2011). A series of problems occurred and the first suggestions to solve them were given." 19199276,Hylaeus pyrenaicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,pyrenaicus,,,,,"Dathe, 2000",The taxon is a member of the Hylaeus nivalis group (Dathe 2000). 19199313,Hylaeus teruelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,teruelus,,,,,"(Warncke, 1981)","The taxon was originally described as a local subspecies, but this does not fit to its distribution pattern." 19885345,Alburnus timarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,timarensis,,,,,"Kuru, 1980","Alburnus timarensis was previously considered a synonym of A. tarichi. However, Elp et al. (2013) show that these are separate species, with A. timarensis being resident in streams and A. tarichi migrating between foraging areas in lake and spawning areas in tributaries." 61184,Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,seyhanensis,,,,,"(Banarescu, 1968)",The taxonomy of Barbatula is in need of revision. 19922526,Pungitius stenurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,stenurus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1876)", 19922686,Gasterosteus wheatlandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Gasterosteus,wheatlandi,,,,,"Putnam, 1867", 18875,Pungitius hellenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,hellenicus,,,,,"Stephanidis, 1971", 195091,Brama brama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Brama,brama,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)",The taxonomy and key characteristics of Brama species are in need of review (Haedrich in press). 19798,Parasaccogaster melanomycter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Parasaccogaster,melanomycter,,,,,"(Cohen, 1981)","
" 190464,Lagocephalus lagocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Lagocephalus,lagocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The western Pacific/Indo-Pacific populations of this species were previously considered a subspecies Lagocephalus lagocephalus oceanicus, while those in the Atlantic were previously considered the subspecies Lagocephalus lagocephalus lagocephalus." 198575,Cheilopogon exsiliens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,exsiliens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)", 12398,Lucifuga spelaeotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,spelaeotes,,,,,"Cohen & Robins, 1970","The Lucifuga genus is known as one of the most diverse stygiobiotic fishes to have been described. The taxonomy of Lucifuga species may still be incomplete due to relatively common discoveries of new species. Garcia-Machado et al. (2011) concluded that Lucifuga spp. are genetically divergent, but morphologically indistinguishable and recommends revisiting the taxonomy of the genus. Since the distribution of certain morphological characters among these species are disjointed, they possibly may not be used for classification in the future. A revision of the Lucifuga spp. of Cuba with the description of a new species is currently in preparation by Hernández et al. (Hernández, D., Casane, D., García, A., Chevalier-Monteagudo, P., Møller, P. R. and García-Machado, E.)" 18257762,Spinachia spinachia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Spinachia,spinachia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 19889076,Paraschistura chrysicristinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,chrysicristinae,,,,,"(Nalbant, 1998)", 18435652,Oreobates barituensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,barituensis,,,,,"Vaira & Ferrari, 2008", 10066,Hippocampus erectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,erectus,,,,,"Perry, 1810", 177832,Sphaerodactylus savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,savagei,,,,,"Shreve, 1968","Two subspecies are recognized:
S. savagei savagei Shreve, 1968
S. savagei juanilloensis Shreve, 1968." 190252,Ariomma melanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ARIOMMATIDAE,Ariomma,melanum,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1954)",Ariomma melanum and Ariomma bondi were historically considered the same species. 18156550,Taractes asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Taractes,asper,,,,,"Lowe, 1843", 190230,Symphurus oculellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,oculellus,,,,,"Munroe, 1991", 190177,Ancylopsetta antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Ancylopsetta,antillarum,,,,,"Gutherz, 1966", 190091,Physiculus fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,fulvus,,,,,"Bean, 1884", 190454,Neobythites unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,unicolor,,,,,"Nielsen & Retzer, 1994", 194997,Arctozenus risso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Arctozenus,risso,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1840)", 189818,Lestidiops jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,jayakari,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 190406,Lepophidium kallion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,kallion,,,,,"Robins, 1959", 20426231,Panurginus tyrolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Panurginus,tyrolensis,,,,,"Richards, 1932", 20438801,Tomogonus crassoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Tomogonus,crassoides,,,,,"Boucomont, 1923","The genus Tomogonus d’Orbigny 1904 is restricted to the Afrotropical region where it currently comprises three valid species (ScarabNet 2009)." 20438811,Tomogonus crassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Tomogonus,crassus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1902)","The genus Tomogonus d’Orbigny 1904 is restricted to the Afrotropical region where it currently comprises three valid species (ScarabNet 2009)." 59590,Praslinia cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Praslinia,cooperi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909", 20495280,Gabbia lacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbia,lacustris,,,,,"Van Benthem Jutting, 1963", 20517483,Fowlea schnurrenbergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,schnurrenbergeri,,,,,"(Kramer, 1977)", 20517547,Fowlea tytleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,tytleri,,,,,"(Blyth, 1863)","Based on comparisons of genetic material from the Asian mainland and the Andaman Islands, the latter presently treated as the distinct species Fowlea tytleri, F. tytleri is genetically identical to F. piscator (Köhler et al. 2021). These authors point out that Vogel and David (2006) did not adequately distinguish the two taxa morphologically, and so synonymize F. tytleri within F. piscator." 170363,Acanthocercus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,annectens,,,,,"(Blanford, 1870)", 110132395,Acanthocercus atricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,atricollis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","Klausewitz (1957) recognized six subspecies, although without clear diagnoses and consequently these subspecies were often ignored (i.e. Broadley and Howell 1991). Wagner et al. (2018) examined the systematics of this species using an integrative analysis incorporating both morphological and genetic data, elevating five subspecies to specific status and restricting Acanthocercus atricollis to southeastern Africa." 170153,Acanthopagrus schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,schlegelii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","Acanthopagrus schlegelii was divided into two subspecies: A. schlegelii czerskii and A. schlegelii schlegelii. However, these subspecies have overlapping distributions (Akazaki 1962, Lindberg and Krasyukova 1969) which contradicts the criterion of a subspecies and suggests that these taxa belong to a single species (Mayr 1971, Dolganov et al. 2008). Further taxonomic work needs to be conducted for the A. schlegelii complex. This species is currently recognized as Acanthopagrus schlegelii.

This species is in need of taxonomic review for the whole East Asian Shelf (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2014)." 20662212,Anchoviella cayennensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,cayennensis,,,,,"(Puyo, 1946)",This may be a subspecies of Anchoviella perfasciata (Whitehead et al. 1988). 20662092,Anchoviella lepidentostole,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,lepidentostole,,,,,"(Fowler, 1911)", 20672320,Ancylopsetta microctenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Ancylopsetta,microctenus,,,,,"Gutherz, 1966", 20666401,Anthias woodsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Anthias,woodsi,,,,,"Anderson & Heemstra, 1980", 20662062,Aulotrachichthys argyrophanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Aulotrachichthys,argyrophanus,,,,,(Woods 1961), 20665719,Howella simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HOWELLIDAE,Howella,simplex,,,,,"(Parr, 1933)",There has been some uncertainty surrounding the family and genus placement of this species (Prokofiev 2007). 198622,Bellottia apoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bellottia,apoda,,,,,"Giglioli, 1883", 190072,Bembrops macromma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Bembrops,macromma,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1955", 20666310,Benthodesmus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Benthodesmus,tenuis,,,,,(Günther 1877),"Benthodesmus tenuis may represent a group of closely related species (Parin and Nakamura 2002)." 18138837,Brotulotaenia brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotulotaenia,brevicauda,,,,,"Cohen, 1974",The taxonomy of this species needs review. 20664904,Bythites gerdae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bythites,gerdae,,,,,"Nielsen & Cohen, 1973", 20665797,Cerdale floridana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Cerdale,floridana,,,,,"Longley, 1934", 20672304,Chascanopsetta danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,danae,,,,,"Bruun, 1937", 20672323,Citharichthys amblybregmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,amblybregmatus,,,,,"Gutherz & Blackman, 1970", 20672326,Citharichthys dinoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,dinoceros,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1886", 198675,Cubiceps capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Cubiceps,capensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1845)", 20663855,Dibranchus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,atlanticus,,,,,"Peters, 1876", 20663917,Dibranchus tremendus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,tremendus,,,,,"Bradbury, 1999", 20664908,Diplacanthopoma brachysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,brachysoma,,,,,"Günther, 1887", 20665551,Diplospinus multistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Diplospinus,multistriatus,,,,,"Maul, 1948", 190148,Emmelichthys ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Emmelichthys,ruber,,,,,"(Trunov, 1976)",This species almost certainly belongs to Haemulidae (B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2010 in Catalog of Fishes). 20665673,Epinnula magistralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Epinnula,magistralis,,,,,"Poey, 1854",This species was redescribed by Ho et al. (2017). 20665360,Eumegistus brevorti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Eumegistus,brevorti,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 20662958,Fundulus majalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,majalis,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","Fundulus majalis is in the subgenus Fontinus (E.O. Wiley 1986). The Gulf of Mexico population of this form has often been referred to a separate species, F. similis. Ross (2001) and Relyea (1983) consider the Atlantic and Gulf populations to be conspecific. According to McEachran and Fechhelm (1998), there is an allopatric population of F. majalis in the Florida Keys and Florida Bay which may represent a distinct species. If F. similis is valid, then all Gulf of Mexico F. majalis should be considered F. similis (Duggins et al. 1995)." 20664078,Halieutichthys aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutichthys,aculeatus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)",A recent taxonomic revision of this genus was conducted by Ho et al. (2010). 198579,Hoplostethus mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,mediterraneus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","A subspecies, Hoplostethus mediterraneus trunovi, has been reported off of Namibia (Moore in press). 


" 190259,Hoplostethus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,occidentalis,,,,,"Woods, 1973", 20665743,Howella atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HOWELLIDAE,Howella,atlantica,,,,,"Post & Quéro, 1991","Howella atlantica is considered by some a subspecies of Howella brodiei Ogilby, 1899, although accepted by Eschmeyer (2015)." 20675299,Lepophidium collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,collettei,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012", 20675303,Lepophidium crossotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,crossotum,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012", 20675306,Lepophidium cultratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,cultratum,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012",Previous to the description of Lepophidium cultratum many workers applied the name Lepophidium profundorum to the undescribed species (Rob Robins pers comm 2013). 20675356,Lepophidium entomelan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,entomelan,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012","Lepophidium entomelan and L. zophochir are similar, disjunctly distributed species. Further sampling in the Southern Caribbean may reveal an adjacency or overlap in distribution that will clarify relationships between the species (R. Robins pers. comm. 2012)." 20675360,Lepophidium gilmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,gilmorei,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012", 20664969,Lepophidium marmoratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,marmoratum,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 20675363,Lepophidium robustum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,robustum,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012", 20675416,Lepophidium wileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,wileyi,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012", 20675431,Lepophidium zophochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,zophochir,,,,,"Robins, Robins & Brown, 2012","L. zophochir and L. entomelan are similar, disjunctly distributed species. Further sampling in the Southern Caribbean may reveal an adjacency or overlap in distribution that will clarify relationships between the species (Rob Robins pers comm 2013)." 20661897,Lestidiops mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,mirabilis,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)","According to Ghedotti et al. (2015), this species should be placed in the family Lestidiidae." 20664143,Malthopsis gnoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,gnoma,,,,,"Bradbury, 1998", 20665821,Microdesmus bahianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,bahianus,,,,,"Dawson, 1973", 20665832,Microdesmus carri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,carri,,,,,"Gilbert, 1966", 20665873,Microdesmus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,longipinnis,,,,,"(Weymouth, 1910)", 190408,Microdesmus luscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,luscus,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 20665034,Neobythites monocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,monocellatus,,,,,"Nielsen, 1999", 20665060,Neobythites ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,ocellatus,,,,,"Günther, 1887","Neobythites ocellatus was split into two species based on differences in color patterns, which resulted in the naming of a new species (Neobythites multiocellatus) and restricted the distribution of N. ocellatus to Brazil between 233-641 m depth (Nielsen et al. 2009)." 190200,Ogcocephalus corniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,corniger,,,,,"Bradbury, 1980", 20664248,Ogcocephalus cubifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,cubifrons,,,,,"(Richardson, 1836)",Records in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico are suspected to be O. pantostictus due to taxonomic issues within the genus (R. Robertson pers. comm. 2015). 20664320,Ogcocephalus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,nasutus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 20664578,Ogcocephalus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,notatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 20664652,Ogcocephalus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,parvus,,,,,"Longley & Hildebrand, 1940", 20664658,Ogcocephalus rostellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,rostellum,,,,,"Bradbury, 1980", 190352,Parazen pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,PARAZENIDAE,Parazen,pacificus,,,,,"Kamohara, 1935",Populations of this species in the Western Atlantic versus the Pacific may represent two separate species (Kotlyar 2001). 20672329,Peristedion greyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,greyae,,,,,"Miller, 1967", 20672331,Peristedion imberbe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,imberbe,,,,,"Poey, 1861", 20672336,Peristedion thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,thompsoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1952", 20672341,Peristedion truncatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,truncatum,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 20662018,Rosenblattichthys hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Rosenblattichthys,hubbsi,,,,,"Johnson, 1974", 20665149,Saccogaster staigeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,staigeri,,,,,"Cohen & Nielsen, 1972", 20662028,Scopelarchoides danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchoides,danae,,,,,"Johnson, 1974", 20665159,Snyderidia canina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Snyderidia,canina,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 20672313,Symphurus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,nebulosus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1883)", 190209,Symphurus stigmosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,stigmosus,,,,,"Munroe, 1998", 20672310,Trichopsetta melasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Trichopsetta,melasma,,,,,"Anderson & Gutherz, 1967", 20672307,Trichopsetta orbisulcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Trichopsetta,orbisulcus,,,,,"Anderson & Gutherz, 1967", 20665243,Verilus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACROPOMATIDAE,Verilus,sordidus,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 20877922,Acanthocercus branchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,branchi,,,,,"Wagner, Greenbaum & Bauer, 2012", 20877932,Acanthocercus guentherpetersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,guentherpetersi,,,,,"Largen & Spawls, 2006","Peters (1982) distinguished two species within ""Agama phillipsii"", describing A. trachypleura on the basis of two museum specimens. Largen and Spawls (2006) compared these specimens and determined that, while A. trachypleura could not be distinguished from the type series of A. phillipsii, Peters (1982) had correctly recognized two taxa within the complex, and had applied the established name A. phillipsii to the undescribed form in error. Largen and Spawls (2006) therefore synonymized A. trachypleura within Acanthocercus phillipsii, and erected the new name A. guentherpetersi for Peters' concept of ""Agama phillipsii""." 20877943,Acanthocercus phillipsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,phillipsii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)","Peters (1982) distinguished two species within ""Agama phillipsii"", describing A. trachypleura on the basis of two museum specimens. Largen and Spawls (2006) compared these specimens and determined that, while A. trachypleura could not be distinguished from the type series of A. phillipsii, Peters (1982) had correctly recognized two taxa within the complex, and had unfortunately applied the established name A. phillipsii to the undescribed form in error. Largen and Spawls (2006) therefore synonymized A. trachypleura within Acanthocercus phillipsii, and erected the new name A. guentherpetersi for Peters' concept of ""Agama phillipsii""." 20877968,Xenagama zonura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Xenagama,zonura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)","Wagner et al. (2013) presented the first revision of the genus Xenagama, previously characterized by the unusual tail morphology of its two then-recognized species. These authors more fully-defined the genus and assigned Acanthocercus zonurus, previously recognized as having affinities to Xenagama batillifera (Boulenger 1895), to Xenagama." 20877983,Adolfus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Adolfus,africanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 20878000,Adolfus jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Adolfus,jacksoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 20878018,Agamodon anguliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROGONOPHIDAE,Agamodon,anguliceps,,,,,"Peters, 1882","Gans (2005) lists Agamodon immaculatus, described and since treated as a subspecies of A. anguliceps, as a full species. This author provides no basis for this action (and Gans and Pandit 1965, in the only review of this genus, had indicated that it was probably conspecific with A. anguliceps), and this account therefore treats this taxon as a subspecies of A. anguliceps." 20878030,Agamodon compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROGONOPHIDAE,Agamodon,compressus,,,,,"Mocquard, 1888", 20878083,Ancylocranium somalicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Ancylocranium,somalicum,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1930)", 20878098,Atractaspis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,boulengeri,,,,,"Mocquard, 1897", 20878108,Atractaspis congica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,congica,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 20878130,Atractaspis engdahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,engdahli,,,,,"Lönnberg & Andersson, 1913", 20878141,Atractaspis fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,fallax,,,,,"Peters, 1867","This species has been considered a subspecies of Atractaspis microlepidota (Spawls et al. 2002). The systematics of members of this former species complex are complicated, and A. microlepidota itself was confined to West Africa in a revision of this species by Trape et al. (2006). These authors did not address the systematics of eastern members of this group, however by implication the recognized subspecies A. fallax (eastern Africa) and A. andersonii (Arabia) were elevated to full species status by this action, and this has been followed subsequently (e.g. for A. andersonii - Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). Largen and Spawls (2010), who conservatively retain the name A. microlepidota (=A. watsoni, see Taxonomic Note under that species) for populations ranging as far as northwestern Ethiopia and South Sudan, nevertheless consider A. fallax a distinct, separate species, and these authors' species concept for A. fallax is followed here." 20878152,Atractaspis leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,leucomelas,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 20878163,Atractaspis magrettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,magrettii,,,,,"Scortecci, 1928", 20878174,Atractaspis phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,phillipsi,,,,,"Barbour, 1913", 20878185,Atractaspis scorteccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,scorteccii,,,,,"Parker, 1949", 20878317,Chilorhinophis butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Chilorhinophis,butleri,,,,,"Werner, 1907","The taxonomic status of Chilorhinophis carpenteri is unclear. This has historically been considered a full species (e.g. Loveridge 1955, 1958), but is treated here as a subspecies of C. butleri following more recent usage (Spawls et al. 2002, 2018)." 20878365,Chilorhinophis gerardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Chilorhinophis,gerardi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 20878418,Micrelaps vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Micrelaps,vaillanti,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1888)",Rasmussen (2002) reviewed Micrelaps and found that M. boettgeri represented a junior synonym of M. vaillanti. This scheme has since been followed by Largen and Spawls (2010) and is accepted here. 20878489,Aprosdoketophis andreonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Aprosdoketophis,andreonei,,,,,"Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010", 20878506,Coluber scorteccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,scorteccii,,,,,"Lanza, 1963", 20878515,Coluber taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coluber,taylori,,,,,"Parker, 1949", 20878526,Eirenis africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,africana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 20878682,Philothamnus battersbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,battersbyi,,,,,"Loveridge, 1951", 20878693,Philothamnus bequaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,bequaerti,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1923)", 20878708,Philothamnus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,punctatus,,,,,"Peters, 1867", 20878719,Spalerosophis arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spalerosophis,arenarius,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)",


20878735,Spalerosophis atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spalerosophis,atriceps,,,,,"(Fischer, 1885)","This taxonomic status of this species was contentious prior to the revision by Baig et al. (2008), and it was commonly regarded as a subspecies or colour morph of Spalerosophis diadema. As a result of this confusion, and the failure by a number of authors to identify records to subspecies, the precise distribution of this snake has been uncertain." 20878749,Spalerosophis josephscorteccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Spalerosophis,josephscorteccii,,,,,"Lanza, 1964", 20878760,Naja ashei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,ashei,,,,,"Wüster & Broadley, 2007","This taxon was long regarded as a morph within Naja nigricollis, until genetic evidence demonstrated that the two forms are not sister taxa (Wüster and Broadley 2007). These authors therefore described this form as a new species." 20878771,Naja mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,mossambica,,,,,"Peters, 1854", 20878782,Naja pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,pallida,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 18384,Prototroctes oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,RETROPINNIDAE,Prototroctes,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 59558,Grandisonia alternans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Grandisonia,alternans,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1893)", 45488934,Grandisonia larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Grandisonia,larvata,,,,,"(Ahl, 1934)","Grandisonia diminutiva was considered as a junior synonym of G. larvata following Nussbaum and Wilkinson (1989). It is now considered a synonym of Grandisonia sechellensis by Wilkinson and Nussbaum (2006), hence it is no longer included here." 42392360,Grandisonia sechellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Grandisonia,sechellensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)","Grandisonia diminutiva, previously assessed under synonymy of Grandisonia larvata, has been subsequently placed in the synonymy of Grandisonia sechellensis by Wilkinson and Nussbaum (2006)." 59566,Hypogeophis rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Hypogeophis,rostratus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 20885884,Cypselurus comatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cypselurus,comatus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)", 20885891,Parexocoetus hillianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Parexocoetus,hillianus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1851)","This species was previously known as Parexocoetus brachypterus or Parexocoetus brachypterus hillianus, but the Atlantic population was raised to species level by Parin (2003)." 20885921,Prognichthys glaphyrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Prognichthys,glaphyrae,,,,,"Parin, 1999","Before its description by Parin in 1999, it was usually misidentified as Prognichthys gibbifrons (Valenciennes 1846)." 20885924,Prognichthys occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Prognichthys,occidentalis,,,,,"Parin, 1999","Previously known as Prognichthys gibbifrons throughout the Atlantic, but Parin (1999) described P. occidentalis for the western Atlantic population and P. glaphyrae for open waters of the tropical Atlantic, leaving the eastern Atlantic population to retain the name of Prognichthys gibbifrons." 20885933,Paralepis elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Paralepis,elongata,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 137204,Proagoderus brucei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Proagoderus,brucei,,,,,"(Reiche, 1849)","The genus Proagoderus van Lansberge 1883 shows a wide biogeographical distribution across the Afrotropical and Oriental regions and is currently represented by 107 species in the Afrotropical region. These are divided into nine species groups (Palestrini 1992). The taxonomy of the P. brucei complex has been recently revised. It is now represented by three subspecies, P. brucei brucei (Reiche 1849), P. brucei cyanostolus (d’Orbigny 1902), and the recently described P. brucei njombeensis Moretto 2004. Of several other species names formerly placed in synonymy with P. brucei, two have been reinstated as valid species, P. chalcostolus (d’Orbigny 1902) and P. cyanopterus (d’Orbigny 1904). Two further species in the complex have also been described in recent years, P. werneri Moretto & Nicolas 2002 and P. freyi Moretto 2004." 21135952,Tomopterna kachowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,kachowskii,,,,,"(Nikolskii, 1900)","This species was removed from synonymy of Tomopterna cryptosis based on molecular and morphological data (Zimkus and Larson, 2011)." 21136102,Tomopterna elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,elegans,,,,,"(Calabresi, 1927)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Tomopterna cryptosis based on molecular and morphology data (Zimkus and Larson 2011). 21138354,Chelostoma siciliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Chelostoma,siciliae,,,,,"Müller, 2012", 21138819,Hoplitis peniculifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,peniculifera,,,,,"Müller, 2012", 21139076,Hoplitis hilbera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,hilbera,,,,,"Müller, 2012", 21139203,Hoplitis lithodorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,lithodorae,,,,,"Müller, 2012", 21139241,Hoplitis manuelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,manuelae,,,,,"Müller, 2012",Only the males of this species have been observed and described. Further research needs to conducted to describe the females of this species. 19199171,Dioxys atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Dioxys,atlantica,,,,,"Saunders, 1904","Warncke (1977) considered Dioxys atlantica as a subspecies of Dioxys cincta (Jurine, 1807)." 19198645,Dioxys lanzarotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Dioxys,lanzarotensis,,,,,"Tkalcu, 2001","The species was described from a single specimen, a male, collected in 1987 (Tkalců 2001)." 19198839,Pseudoanthidium canariense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Pseudoanthidium,canariense,,,,,"(Mavromoustakis, 1954)","

Pseudoanthidium canariense is a species belonging to the subgenus Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898 (Warncke 1980, Michener 2007, Ascher and Pickering 2012).


Warncke (1980) stated that Pseudoanthidium canariense should be the subspecies Anthidium lituratum canariense.

" 19198944,Stelis ortizi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Stelis,ortizi,,,,,"Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2010", 19198643,Stelis franconica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Stelis,franconica,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1930","This species was described as a subspecies of S. phaeoptera (Kirby, 1802). Warncke (1992) still thought it was a synonym of the former. It belongs to the nominate subgenus." 19198593,Ammobates dusmeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Ammobates,dusmeti,,,,,"Popov, 1951","The taxonomic status of Ammobates handlirschi (Friese, 1895), a close north African relative to A. dusmeti, needs to be confirmed by more comprehensive study, especially by methods of population biology based on DNA." 19198736,Ammobatoides okalii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Ammobatoides,okalii,,,,,"Kocourek, 1990",The taxonomic status of Ammobatoides okalii is uncertain (J. Straka pers. obs. 2013). This species was described from a single specimen and it was never found again. This problematic species needs to be studied in the future and its validity resolved. 19198313,Epeolus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,alpinus,,,,,"Friese, 1893", 19198575,Epeolus compar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,compar,,,,,"Alfken, 1937", 19199398,Epeolus cruciger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,cruciger,,,,,"(Panzer, 1799)", 19199357,Epeolus fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,fallax,,,,,"Morawitz, 1872", 19198837,Epeolus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,fasciatus,,,,,"Friese, 1895", 19199335,Epeolus flavociliatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,flavociliatus,,,,,"Friese, 1899", 19199127,Epeolus productulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,productulus,,,,,"Bischoff, 1930", 19199324,Epeolus siculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,siculus,,,,,"Soika, 1944", 19198984,Epeolus sigillatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,sigillatus,,,,,"Alfken, 1930", 19199673,Eucera codinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Eucera,codinai,,,,,"Dusmet y Alonso, 1926","Once treated as a subspecies of Eucera vidua, which lives in the north-west Mediterranean part of Africa (J. Ortiz pers. comm. 2013)." 19199540,Eucera gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Eucera,gracilipes,,,,,"Pérez, 1895", 19198856,Eucera quilisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Eucera,quilisi,,,,,"(Dusmet y Alonso, 1926)", 19198594,Tetraloniella hohmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Tetraloniella,hohmanni,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1993)", 19199329,Tetraloniella lanzarotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Tetraloniella,lanzarotensis,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1993)", 19199899,Tetraloniella lyncea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Tetraloniella,lyncea,,,,,"(Mocsáry, 1879)", 19198553,Sphecodes atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,atlanticus,,,,,"Warncke, 1992","The Sphecodes species from the Canary Islands are very poorly known and their taxonomy is likely to be changed in future studies (P. Bogusch pers. comm. 2013)." 19199871,Sphecodes pseudocrassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,pseudocrassus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1924", 19199003,Chelostoma grande,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Chelostoma,grande,,,,,"(Nylander, 1852)", 19199770,Chelostoma hellenicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Chelostoma,hellenicum,,,,,"(Benoist, 1938)", 19198822,Chelostoma laticaudum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Chelostoma,laticaudum,,,,,"(Benoist, 1938)", 19199618,Hoplitis albatera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,albatera,,,,,"(Warncke, 1991)","Only females have been discovered and described, further surveys are required to catch the male of the species." 19199179,Hoplitis cretaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,cretaea,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1992)", 19198606,Hoplitis fabrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,fabrei,,,,,"van der Zanden, 1987", 19199563,Hoplitis graeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,graeca,,,,,"(Tkalců, 2000)", 19199033,Hoplitis holmboei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,holmboei,,,,,"(Mavromoustakis, 1948)", 19198805,Hoplitis lepeletieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,lepeletieri,,,,,"(Pérez, 1879)", 19199277,Hoplitis ochraceicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,ochraceicornis,,,,,"(Ferton, 1902)", 19198429,Hoplitis parnesica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,parnesica,,,,,"(Mavromoustakis, 1958)", 19198960,Hoplitis ravouxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,ravouxi,,,,,"(Pérez, 1902)", 19199701,Hoplitis tenuispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,tenuispina,,,,,"(Alfken, 1937)","Osmia tenuispina in Stanek (1964) and Hoplitis tenuispina in Tkalcu (1977c, 2000a) are misidentifications of Hoplitis mazzuccoi (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002), see Schwarz et al. (2005)." 19199662,Hoplitis tkalcuella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,tkalcuella,,,,,"Le Goff, 2003", 19198894,Hoplitis villosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,villosa,,,,,"(Schenck, 1853)", 19199040,Hoplitis zandeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,zandeni,,,,,"(Teunissen & van Achterberg, 1992)", 19198422,Osmia alticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,alticola,,,,,"Benoist, 1929", 19199889,Osmia ariadne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,ariadne,,,,,"Peters, 1978", 19199601,Osmia balearica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,balearica,,,,,"Schmiedeknecht, 1885", 19199057,Osmia dusmeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,dusmeti,,,,,"van der Zanden, 1998", 19199542,Osmia iberica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,iberica,,,,,"van der Zanden, 1987", 19198819,Osmia larochei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,larochei,,,,,"Tkalců, 1993", 19198968,Osmia madeirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,madeirensis,,,,,"van der Zanden, 1991", 19199847,Osmia mirhiji,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,mirhiji,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1957", 19199916,Osmia moreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,moreensis,,,,,"van der Zanden, 1984", 19198810,Osmia palmae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,palmae,,,,,"Tkalců, 2001", 19198430,Osmia picena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,picena,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1999)", 19199519,Osmia pilicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,pilicornis,,,,,"Smith, 1846", 19199281,Osmia steinmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,steinmanni,,,,,"Müller, 2002", 19198548,Osmia svenssoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Osmia,svenssoni,,,,,"Tkalců, 1983", 19198285,Protosmia asensioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Protosmia,asensioi,,,,,"Griswold & Parker, 1987", 19199217,Protosmia capitata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Protosmia,capitata,,,,,"(Schletterer, 1889)", 19199758,Protosmia minutula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Protosmia,minutula,,,,,"(Pérez, 1896)", 21215147,Bombus atratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,atratus,,,,,"Franklin, 1913","At least four species of the subgenus Thoracobombus from Central and South America have many individuals for which the pubescence is almost entirely black. The genitalia of the males are quite distinctive, but association of the conspecific females with these males has caused problems (Williams 1998)." 21215162,Bombus baeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,baeri,,,,,"Vachal, 1904", 21215137,Bombus bellicosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,bellicosus,,,,,"Smith, 1879", 21215153,Bombus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,brachycephalus,,,,,"Handlirsch, 1888", 21215143,Bombus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,brasiliensis,,,,,"Lepeletier, 1835", 21215166,Bombus brevivillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,brevivillus,,,,,"Franklin, 1913","

The single known female of B. abditus was described as originating from 'Rep. de Guinée Beyla' (equatorial Africa). However, it is indistinguishable from B. brevivillus according to Sakagami (1976:427) and probably represents an introduced or mislabelled individual (Michener 1979, Williams 1998). This specimen was also examined by P.H. Williams (pers. comm. 2016), and his assessment agreed with that of Sakagmai

" 21215151,Bombus coccineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,coccineus,,,,,"Friese, 1903", 21215163,Bombus digressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,digressus,,,,,"(Milliron, 1962)", 21215150,Bombus diligens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,diligens,,,,,"Smith, 1861", 21215141,Bombus ecuadorius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,ecuadorius,,,,,"Meunier, 1890","Bombus butteli is closely similar to B. ecuadoris. They have been considered separated species (e.g., Franklin 1913, Milliron 1973b) although Franklin conceded that B. butteli might be ´only a variety of subspecies´ of B. ecuadorius. However, B. ecuadorius females are very rare in collections and only five specimens are known. Of these only one was a male, and is labelled 'Bolivia/?Peru', whereas the rest of Milliron's B. ecuadorius are from Ecuador, with the exception of one queen from 'Peru' with no specific locality data. This putative male also differs from the females in having yellow hairs intermixed on the front and rear of the thorax, what was not mentioned in the original description of this male (under the name B. nigrothoracicus) by Friese (1904), which Franklin (1923) then used as the sole basis for associating the male with B. ecuadorius. Another possible interpretation views the male holotype of B. nigrothoracicus instead as a semi melanic male of B. melaleucus, which might explain the difference in colour pattern and distribution from other B. ecuadorius. However, a consequence of this interpretation would be that the only remaining known difference between B. ecuadorius and B. butteli would be in colour pattern, because the main morphological justification for regarding them as a separate species (the broader apical process of the gonostylus of the putative male B. ecuadorius, now B. melaleucus in the broad sense) would have been removed. Further evidence is awaited (Paul Williams http://www.nhm.ac.uk/NHMUK 2013).
" 21215149,Bombus ephippiatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,ephippiatus,,,,,"Say, 1837","This species is currently in revision. As of now, it is recognized as Bombus ephippiatus with a distribution from Northwest Mexico to Panama (Abrahamovich et al. 2004, Labougle 1990). The currently recognized Bombus ephippiatus and its sister species Bombus wilmattae are in the process of being described as 4 separate species (Duennes et al. 2012). One species ranges from Chihuahua to southern Veracruz and Oaxaca in Mexico. Two species are sympatric from Chiapas, Mexico through northern Nicaragua. One of the species from Chiapas, Mexico through northern Nicaragua includes B. wilmattae; unpublished research by Duennes et al. has demonstrated that B. wilmattae is a colour variant of a species within B. ephippiatus sensu lato. Because of this, B. wilmattae is included in this assessment of B. ephippiatus. The fourth species occurs in Costa Rica and Panama." 21215165,Bombus excellens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,excellens,,,,,"Smith, 1879", 21215132,Bombus fervidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,fervidus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","This species is synonymous with B. californicus, based on the lack of differentiation in DNA barcodes between individuals with this color pattern and those with the B. fervidus s. str. color pattern (Williams et al. 2014)." 21215159,Bombus funebris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,funebris,,,,,"Smith, 1854", 21215148,Bombus handlirschi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,handlirschi,,,,,"Friese, 1903", 21215155,Bombus haueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,haueri,,,,,"Handlirsch, 1888", 21215135,Bombus hortulanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,hortulanus,,,,,"Friese, 1904","Bombus robustus and B. hortulatus have been considered both as conspecific (e.g., Franklin 1913, Frison 1925a) and as separate species (e.g. Milliron 1973b, Asperen de Boer 2007).
" 21215139,Bombus huntii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,huntii,,,,,"Greene, 1860", 21215168,Bombus variabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,variabilis,,,,,"Cresson, 1872","Williams (1998) and Williams et al. (2014) consider that Bombus intrudens, B. variabilis, B. sololensis, B. guatemalensis, and B. mysticus might all be parts of one species based on morphological evidence, noting the lack of any documented reason (other than differences in colour pattern) why these five taxa should not be considered conspecific. Further study is hampered by a lack of fresh material of North American B. variabilis for analysis of genetic relationships. Although B. intrudens is the oldest available name for this species, the name B. variabilis has been in common use for the species since 1950, and it could be argued that the latter name be used in the interest of stability (Williams 1998)." 21215144,Bombus macgregori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,macgregori,,,,,"Labougle & Ayala, 1985", 21215154,Bombus medius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,medius,,,,,"Cresson, 1863", 21215164,Bombus melaleucus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,melaleucus,,,,,"Handlirsch, 1888","Several of these nominal taxa placed in synonymy have been treated as separate species. Bombus volucelloides is closely similar to B. melaleucus, but has been considered to be a separate species (e.g. Milliron 1973b, Asperen de Boer 2007). There is very little material available of the males in this group from South America, but the males of B. vogti are distinctly different in the morphology of the genitalia. B. nigrothoracicus seems more likely to be conspecific with B. vogti than with B. ecuadoris. Thus B. melaleucus is interpreted here in a broad sense, to include such variation that is not yet well understood. While awaiting more evidence from critical studies of patters of variation, they are treated initially as parts of a single variable species.For this species, the oldest available known name is B. melaleucus, which becomes the valid name. The name volucelloides has been in most common use for just a part of this species. However, it seems premature to conserve B. volucelloides by suppressing B. melaleucus until the taxa are better understood, because the name B. melaleucus might yet be required for a separate species (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/bombus, Williams 2013)." 21215169,Bombus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,mexicanus,,,,,"Cresson, 1878",Williams 1998 and Cameron et al. 2007 upheld the species status as unique. 21215140,Bombus morio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,morio,,,,,"(Swederus, 1787)", 21215146,Bombus nevadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,nevadensis,,,,,"Cresson, 1874","Williams (2014) provides a detailed review of the taxonomic status of this species. In short, a number of authors have regarded this species as conspecific with B. auricomus, while other authors have treated them as separate. Williams (2014) and Williams et al. (2014) considers them separate based on morphological and colour patterns (Williams 1998), allozymes (Scholl et al. 1992), and DNA sequence data (Cameron et al. 2007, and more recent unpublished work)." 21215138,Bombus opifex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,opifex,,,,,"Smith, 1879", 21215172,Bombus pensylvanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,pensylvanicus,,,,,"(DeGeer, 1773)","

Recent DNA barcodes support that Bombus sonorus is conspecific with B. pensylvanicus (Williams et al. 2014). A population from the south of Mexico (state of Chiapas) is morphologically and genetically distinct from the rest of North America, and could be a separate undescribed species. Further sampling is needed to clarify the situation.

" 21215158,Bombus pullatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,pullatus,,,,,"Franklin, 1913","Bombus pullatus Franklin was first described by Franklin (1913). Bombus niger is a synonym for this species, however Williams (1998) stated that the lectotype of B. niger is conspecific with B. pullatus (as suggested by Labougle, 1990, see also Milliron, 1962, Williams/NHMUK 2013).
Cross mis-identifications with B. atratus Franklin (1913) are common in many collections, and molecular analyses are required to separate clearly the two species." 21215136,Bombus robustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,robustus,,,,,"Smith, 1854","Bombus robustus is closely similar in morphology to B. vogti, but has been considered a separate species (e.g., Milliron 1973b, Asperen de Boear 2007). Bombus vogti and B. robustus are usually separated using colour. Although B. rosbustus is variable in colour, the name is applied to individuals with extensive yellow bands, whereas the name B. vogti is used for individuals that lack yellow bands and are often most completely black. There is still very little material available about males of these species, although there are slight differences in the morphology of the genitalia. While awaiting more evidence from critical studies of patterns of variation, these species are treated separately (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/bombus, Williams 2013)." 21215156,Bombus rohweri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,rohweri,,,,,"(Frison, 1925)","Bombus funebris and B. rohweri have been regarded both as conspecific (Milliron 1962) and as separate species (Frison 1925a, Asperen de Boer 1993a, Williams 1998). They have been distinguished with reference to subtle morphological characters as well as to the consistently and strongly differing color patterns. Both Asperen de Boer (1993a) and G. Chavarría (pers comm.) found that they co-occur at some localities without intermediate colour patterns. Further evidence is awaited (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/bombus, Williams 2013).
" 21215152,Bombus rubicundus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,rubicundus,,,,,"Smith, 1854", 21215134,Bombus rubriventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,rubriventris,,,,,"Lepeletier, 1835","This specimen was collected at least 180 years ago and possibly more than 200 years ago. Given the high level of survey effort applied to bumblebees in general and the knowledge that there is only one other bumble bee species (among ca. 250 species) known from a single specimen, it seems reasonable to infer from available information that B. rubriventris is likely to be extinct. However, the location of the type locality remains uncertain. Although there is no reason to challenge the original description placing the type locality in Brazil, there are reasons to doubt whether a label“St. Domingue.” (interpreted by later authors as placing the type locality either in Goiás or in the Dominican Republic) originally belonged to the specimen. Indirect evidence from morphology and from the historical biogeography of bumble bees supports a South American type locality, with the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as a likely candidate (Williams 2014)." 21215145,Bombus rufocinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,rufocinctus,,,,,"Cresson, 1863", 21215170,Bombus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,steindachneri,,,,,"Handlirsch, 1888", 21215160,Bombus transversalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,transversalis,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)","The orthography of Olivier (1789) and Fabricius (1798) employs a long 's' (similar to 'f' or 'f'), a common practice of the period. This convention has since changed and recent authors have consistently used 's'. (Williams 1998)." 21215133,Bombus trinominatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,trinominatus,,,,,"Dalla Torre, 1890","Bombus trinominatus was recorded in Mexico, but some years later this species was recorded in Guatemala as well. There is doubt as to whether both are the same species, since there are some slight differences in morphological characteristics and colour pattern, and further evidence is needed. The name of the other potential species would be Bombus xelajuensis, but for now they are considered synonyms (Natural History Museum 2013)." 21215157,Bombus tucumanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,tucumanus,,,,,"Vachal, 1904", 21215171,Bombus vogti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,vogti,,,,,"Friese, 1903","Bombus vogti is closely similar in morphology to B. robustus, but has been considered to be a separate species (e.g., Milliron 1973b, Asperen de Boear 2007). Bombus vogti and B. robustus are usually separated using colour. Although B. robustus is variable in colour, the name is applied to individuals with extensive yellow bands, whereas the name B. vogti is used for individuals that lack yellow bands and are often most completely black. There is still very little material available of the males, but the males of B. vogti are most only subtly different in the morphology of the genitalia. While awaiting more evidence from critical studies of patters of variation, it is treated as a separate species (http://www.nhm.ac.uk/bombus, Williams 2013).
" 21215167,Bombus weisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,weisi,,,,,"Friese, 1903", 21220771,Acanthodactylus cantoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Acanthodactylus,cantoris,,,,,"Günther, 1864","Records of this species from southern Afghanistan refer to Acanthodactylus blanfordii, previously understood to be a subspecies (UNEP 2008, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008).

Several subspecies of A. cantoris have been elevated to full species status, namely A. blanfordi, A. arabicus, A. schmidti. There are strong similarities between A. cantoris and A. blanfordi, and their most significant differences are pertaining to osteology characters. In addition, they can be distinguished by hemipenial features, and the separation of postfrontal and postorbital bones in A. blanfordi and fusion of these bones in A. cantoris (The Reptile Database 2017)." 21247820,Bertia cambojiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DYAKIIDAE,Bertia,cambojiensis,,,,,"(Reeve, 1860)", 21265797,Latastia boscai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,boscai,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1884", 21265998,Latastia petersiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,petersiana,,,,,"Mertens, 1938","Mertens (1938) determined that the name Lacerta carinata is preoccupied and was not available for Peters' taxon. This author selected the available replacement name Latastia petersiana for this species. The name L. carinata was however subsequently used for this taxon by multiple authors.

Parker (1942) suggests that Latastia ventralis, known from a single specimen from ""Somaliland"", may be a junior synonym of L. carinata (=L. petersiana). The current status of L. ventralis Werner, 1917 is unclear. Following Parker (1942) Uetz and Hallerman (2012) treat L. ventralis as a possible synonym of L. petersiana, but Parker's work appears to be the only mention of this taxon in the literature since its original description. In the absence of any recent treatment of L. ventralis, and as this name has not been applied to a valid species for more than 75 years, this assessment follows Parker's proposal and Uetz and Hallerman (2012) in treating L. ventralis as a junior synonym of L. petersiana, although formal taxonomic work is needed to verify this assignment and the Somaliland type locality appears to lie outside the known range of L. petersiana.

Largen and Spawls (2006) follow Arillo et al. (1967) in considering the separation of L. petersiana from Latastia caerulopunctata ""dubious"", but take no taxonomic action. They do, however, assign records of ""L. carinata"" from the Danakil depression and from near Jaldessa (both in Ethiopia) to L. caerulopunctata, confining L. petersiana to Somalia. The Jaldessa record is however considered dubious by T. Mazuch (pers. comm. 2019), as based on his visits to the locality the habitat here is not suitable for L. caeruleopunctata, and L. petersiana is presumed to have similar ecological requirements." 21265872,Latastia doriai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,doriai,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1884","Ineich (2001) indicates that Latastia scorteccii, traditionally regarded as a subspecies of L. doriai, is currently recognized as a full species. He provides no source or basis for this, however, and more recent work by Largen and Spawls (2006) recognizes only L. doriai. This account therefore includes L. d. scorteccii as a subspecies of L. doriai." 21265939,Latastia johnstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,johnstonii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907", 21266155,Latastia taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,taylori,,,,,"Parker, 1942", 21266362,Mesalina ercolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Mesalina,ercolinii,,,,,"(Lanza & Poggesi, 1975)","The appropriate generic placement of this species, which is known from a single damaged specimen, is unclear. The original assignment of this species to Eremias was found to be in error following clarification of identity of this genus (Arnold et al. 1998). These authors assigned the species to Mesalina, rejecting an alternative arrangement assigning the species to a monotypic genus, but raised some doubts about this assignment on the basis of certain characters and biogeography." 21266426,Pseuderemias brenneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pseuderemias,brenneri,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 21266583,Pseuderemias erythrosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pseuderemias,erythrosticta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 21266755,Pseuderemias savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pseuderemias,savagei,,,,,"(Gans, Laurent & Pandit, 1965)", 21266837,Pseuderemias septemstriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pseuderemias,septemstriata,,,,,"(Parker, 1942)","Lanza (1990) lists this species as a subspecies of Eremias (now Pseuderemias) mucronata without discussion. Apparently following this, Largen and Spawls (2006) list Eremias septemstriata as a junior synonym of P. mucronata, again without discussion. Pending clarification of the grounds for this treatment, this account follows Parker (1942) and Arnold (1986) in considering P. septemstriata a valid species." 21266943,Pseuderemias smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pseuderemias,smithii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 21267125,Cnemaspis dickersonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,dickersonae,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1919)","This is likely to be a species complex, and it is not clear whether Kenyan populations represent the same species found at the Ituri type locality (P.K. Malonza, pers. comm. 2019)." 21267480,Homopholis fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Homopholis,fasciata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 21267598,Lygodactylus scorteccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,scorteccii,,,,,"Pasteur, 1959", 21267636,Lygodactylus somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,somalicus,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935", 21267806,Latastia caerulopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,caerulopunctata,,,,,"Parker, 1935","The exact taxonomic status of this form is somewhat confused. It was originally described as a full species (Parker 1935), but the describing author later assigned it subspecific status within the variable Latastia longicaudata (Parker 1942). Lanza (1983) appears to have coined the combination L. carinata caerulopunctata without discussion. Despite recognized similarity between these forms (Arillo et al. 1967) it is not clear that L. caerulopunctata has ever otherwise been relegated to subspecific status within L. carinata (now L. petersiana), and subsequent authors appear not to have recognized this action (e.g. Lanza 1990, Largen and Spawls 2006). Lanza (1990) consider L. carinata and L. caerulopunctata separate full species (again without discussion), and Largen and Spawls (2006) follow this author in considering that ""There seem to be good reasons to follow Lanza (1990) and treat L. caeruleopunctata as a species distinct from L. longicaudata"". These same authors follow Arillo et al. (1967) in considering the separation of this species from L. petersiana ""dubious"", but take no taxonomic action. They do, however, assign records of L. petersiana from the Danakil depression and from near Jaldessa (both in Ethiopia) to L. caerulopunctata, confining L. petersiana to Somalia." 174132,Mochlus productus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,productus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 178641,Mochlus sundevallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,sundevallii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)",


136628,Microgale jobihely,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,jobihely,,,,,"Goodman, Raxworthy, Maminirina & Olson, 2006","This is a recently described species of tenrec, having a sister relationship with the much more widespread Microgale cowani (Goodman et al. 2006)." 6410,Dendrohyrax dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,HYRACOIDEA,PROCAVIIDAE,Dendrohyrax,dorsalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1855)", 6409,Dendrohyrax arboreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,HYRACOIDEA,PROCAVIIDAE,Dendrohyrax,arboreus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1827)","There are eight subspecies listed, of which only one, D. a. arboreus, occurs in the assessment region (Bothma 1971). This subspecies is endemic to South Africa." 9997,Heterohyrax brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,HYRACOIDEA,PROCAVIIDAE,Heterohyrax,brucei,,,,,"(Gray, 1868)","Two subspecies have been described in southern Africa (Meester et al. 1986): H. b. ruddi, with a range that extends from western Mozambique to eastern Botswana and H. b. granti, in the Limpopo Province of South Africa, which may be endemic to South Africa (Wroughton 1910). It is the only species that belongs to the genus Heterohyrax but taxonomy is currently considered uncertain, and distinct differences may exist between the two subspecies. Overall, 25 subspecies have been described, and while the validity of many is in doubt, some may represent distinct species (Barry & Shoshani 2000; Barry & Hoeck 2013). There is an endemic subspecies, H. b. granti, which is suspected to be a separate species that will in future be in need of independent assessment. Furthermore, molecular research (based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sequences) reveals two distinct genetic lineages (P. Bloomer unpubl. data): one restricted to the Limpopo valley and the other from the Soutpansberg south and east to the Mpumalanga escarpment. Confirming the taxonomy is crucial as the status of some of the range-restricted forms may be threatened." 1087,Neamblysomus gunningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Neamblysomus,gunningi,,,,,"(Broom, 1908)","Included in Amblysomus by Simonetta (1968), Meester (1974), Petter (1981) and Meester et al. (1986). Bronner (1995a, 1995b) elevated it to the genus Neamblysomus and retained it as such (Bronner 2013). Externally this species resembles the Hottentot Golden Mole (A. hottentotus) and the Highveld Golden Mole (A. septentrionalis), and has been misidentified as such by some authors. There are no recognised subspecies." 7994,Eremitalpa granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Eremitalpa,granti,,,,,"(Broom, 1907)","Revised by Meester (1964). Two subspecies are recognized: E. g. granti and E. g. namibensis based on differences in skull shape and pelage (Bronner and Jenkins 2005, Bronner 2013). Recent cytogenetic data (Gilbert et al. 2008) and ongoing phylogenetic analyses based on molecular, cytogenetic and morphological characters indicate that the subspecies are highly divergent and may represent cryptic species (S. Maree unpubl. data)." 62009,Amblysomus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Amblysomus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Roberts, 1913","Traditionally recognized as a subspecies of the Zulu Golden Mole (A. iris - a species now incorporated into A. hottentotus and A. corriae). Bronner (1996) raised septentrionalis to a full species based on unique chromosomal and craniometric properties. No subspecies currently recognized (Bronner and Jenkins 2005), but A. orangensis from Parys/Heilbron Free State Province, may qualify for subspecies status pending the availability of chromosomal and genetic data." 3519,Calcochloris obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Calcochloris,obtusirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1851)","This genus has been variably assigned to Chrysochloris (Broom 1907), Amblysomus (Simonetta 1968, Petter 1981) or Calcochloris (Meester 1974, Bronner 1995a). The name Calcochloris predates Chrysotricha (Broom 1907) commonly used for this genus until 1953 (Ellerman 1953, Meester 1974) and also Huetia (Forcart 1942). Bronner (1995a) placed Calcochloris obtusirostris in the subgenus Calcochloris, and Calcochloris leucorhinus in the subgenus Huetia (Forcart 1942), which previously included Calcochloris tytonis [incertae sedis]. Huetia has been elevated to full generic status based on phylogenetic analyses of combined morphological and molecular characters (Asher et al. 2010), leaving Calcochloris to include only C. obtusirostris and C. tytonis [incertae sedis].

Three subspecies are recognized, C. o. obtusirostris, C. o chrysillus, and C. o. limpopoensis, all of which were once considered valid species; subspecies are discriminated by subtle morphological differences, but intergrade in size, making distinguishing among them difficult (Bronner 2013)." 62007,Amblysomus marleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Amblysomus,marleyi,,,,,"Roberts, 1931","Previously described as a subspecies of A. hottentotus, this species is now recognised as a
distinct species, and differs from other taxa in cranial measurements (Bronner 1996). Currently, no subspecies of A. marleyi have been described." 62008,Amblysomus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Amblysomus,robustus,,,,,"Bronner, 2000","Previously included in A. hottentotus; but elevated to a full species by Bronner (2000) based on unique karyotype, robust build and subtle craniometric differences from A. hottentotus and A. septentrionalis. No subspecies have been identified (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 62006,Amblysomus corriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Amblysomus,corriae,,,,,"Thomas, 1905","The species Amblysomus corriae now includes two groups previously classified as the subspecies Amblysomus iris corriae and Amblysomus hottentotus devilliersi (Meester et al. 1986). Amblysomus iris was subsequently reclassified as a subspecies of A. hottentotus, and corriae was elevated to species level, including the subspecies devilliersi (Bronner 1996). Currently two subspecies are recognised: A. c. corriae from the Western and Eastern Cape, and A. c. devilliersi from the Western Cape (Bronner 1995, 2013)." 1089,Neamblysomus julianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Neamblysomus,julianae,,,,,"(Meester, 1972)","Bronner (1995, 2013) assigned this species to the genus Neamblysomus. Consistent colour, dental and DNA differences exist between the topotypical subpopulations from the eastern (Kruger National Park) and western geographical extremes (Bronberg Ridge and Modimolle) of its distributional range suggesting that these are potentially distinct species (Bronner 1990, 1995). Furthermore, ongoing molecular research suggests pronounced genetic partitioning between the Kruger National Park (KNP) and the other two subpopulations (Maree et al. 2003; Jackson 2007). More specimens from the KNP area are urgently needed to clarify the taxonomic status of this subpopulation. The outcome could have profound implications for the conservation status of the species" 4768,Chlorotalpa duthieae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Chlorotalpa,duthieae,,,,,"(Broom, 1907)","Some authors (Ellerman et al. 1953; Simonetta 1968) treated this taxon as only a subspecies of C. sclateri, but consistent differences in fur colour and chromosomal properties, and their preference for quite dissimilar ecotypes, indicate that they are distinct species (Bronner 1995). A recent phylogenetic analysis supports distinction between these species based on subtle morphological differences (the position of foramen ovale relative to the sphenorbital fissure) and nuclear gene sequences (Asher et al. 2010). Geographic variation is not sufficiently marked to warrant recognition of subspecies (Bronner 2013)." 4767,Calcochloris tytonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Calcochloris,tytonis,,,,,"(Simonetta, 1968)",Known only from a partially complete specimen in an owl-pellet. Ascribed to Amblysomus by Simonetta (1968) but included in Chlorotalpa by Meester (1974). Cladistic analysis of the few characters available for this species suggest that it may be closely related to Calcochloris leucorhinus (Bronner 1995). Previously placed in the subgenus Huetia (Forcart 1942) along with Calcochloris obtusirostris. It should be regarded as incertae sedis until more specimens are available. 4766,Chlorotalpa sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Chlorotalpa,sclateri,,,,,"(Broom, 1907)","Although previously included within the genus Amblysomus by Petter (1981), the group, currently listed under the genus Chlorotalpa, were found to differ significantly in morphological, chromosomal and geographic traits (Meester 1974), and thus those genera are considered distinct (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Based on geographic variation and cranial size and shape, four subspecies have been recognized: C. s. sclateri, C. s. guillarmodi, C. s. montana, and C. s. shortridgei (Bronner 2013). The apparent geographic discontinuity between these subspecies and the isolation of their preferred habitat appears to warrant this subspecific separation (Bronner 1995)." 41766,Procavia capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,HYRACOIDEA,PROCAVIIDAE,Procavia,capensis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","

While as many as 17 subspecies have been described across its range by Hoeck and Bloomer (2013), only one (P. c. capensis), is recognised from the assessment region (Meester et al. 1986). However, Prinsloo and Robinson (1992) discovered a genetic break between the north-western and south-central populations in South Africa, indicating a possible species complex. Similarly, Visser (2013) found a genetic break across the Knersvlakte region; however, this was only evident in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, for females). Thus, separation across this barrier has not been long enough to warrant a taxonomic revision of the two lineages flanking it. We treat Rock Hyrax from South Africa as monotypic.


UAE Taxonomic Note
The subspecies present is assumed to be either P. c. syriaca from the north of the region or P. c. jayakari from the south (Aspinall et al. 2005).

" 5749,Cryptochloris zyli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Cryptochloris,zyli,,,,,"Shortridge & Carter, 1938","Simonetta (1968) regarded this monotypic species as only subspecifically distinct from C. wintoni. However, these taxa differ consistently in pelage colour and malleus morphology, indicating that they are not conspecific (Meester 1974). Recent (but still unpublished) phylogenetic analyses based on both morphological and genetic data support the allocation of these taxa to separate species, and justify synonymizing Cryptochloris as a subgenus of Chrysochloris, corroborating the close phylogenetic association of these taxa reported by Asher et al. (2010)." 41316,Amblysomus hottentotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Amblysomus,hottentotus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1829)","Traditionally taken to include populations that Bronner (1996, 2000) recognized as valid species, namely A. septentrionalis, A. robustus, A. marleyi and A. corriae (in part). Amblysomus hottentotus includes five subspecies: hottentotus, pondoliae, iris, longiceps and meesteri (Bronner 1995, 2013). Recent cytogenetic and molecular analyses show that A. h. longiceps and A. h. meesteri are unique lineages and will likely be elevated to species status (Gilbert et al. 2008; Mynhardt et al. 2015). Furthermore recent analyses using mitochondrial DNA reveal several evolutionarily significant units in the Greater Maputaland–Pondoland–Albany region (Mynhardt et al. 2015), and thus demonstrate A. hottentotus to comprise a species complex." 41504,Orycteropus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,TUBULIDENTATA,ORYCTEROPODIDAE,Orycteropus,afer,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","Aardvarks were originally thought to be congeneric with the South American anteaters (Myrmecophaga), until they were put in their own genus: Orycteropus. After 1872, aardvarks were also put in their own order: the Tubulidentata. But this order was long considered to be closely related to the Xenarthrans and the pangolins in the now obsolete clade ""Edentata"" (Lehmann 2007). It is only since the beginning of the 20th century, that aardvarks have been considered to be basal ""ungulates"". It was also at this time that the seven then recognized species were merged into the single species Orycteropus afer (Shoshani et al. 1988). Since then, Tubulidentata is the only order of Mammals to be represented by a single living species. To date, 18 subspecies have been described (Meester 1971). However, their validity is doubtful and studies in this regard are ongoing. Finally, at the turn of the millennium, molecular phylogenetic analyses integrated the aardvarks into the new super-cohort Afrotheria, next to elephants, hyraxes, sea-cows, sengis, tenrecs, and golden moles." 19708,Rhynchocyon petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Rhynchocyon,petersi,,,,,"Bocage, 1880","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides contains three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information." 5748,Cryptochloris wintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Cryptochloris,wintoni,,,,,"(Broom, 1907)","Some authors (e.g., Simonetta 1968) treated this taxon as only subspecifically distinct from C. zyli, but these taxa differ consistently in pelage colour and malleus morphology, indicating that they are not conspecific (Meester 1974).  Recent (but still unpublished) phylogenetic analyses based on both morphological and genetic data support the allocation of these taxa to separate species, and justify synonymizing Cryptochloris as a subgenus of Chrysochloris, corroborating the close phylogenetic association of these taxa reported by Asher et al. (2010).

This species is easily confused with Grant’s Golden Mole (Eremitalpa granti). A specimen in the Smithsonian Institution collected near Garies (181 km southeast of the type locality) is a misidentified E. granti. Conversely, several specimens of this taxon in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) and Natural History Museum (London) are incorrectly identified as E. granti (Asher and Avery 2010). Although externally similar to E. granti, radiographs make Cryptochloris easy to recognize based on malleus shape, vertebral count, and length of humeral medial epicondyle (Asher and Avery 2010)." 19705,Rhynchocyon chrysopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Rhynchocyon,chrysopygus,,,,,"Günther, 1881","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides contains three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.
Sengis  or elephant-shrews (order Macroscelidea) are part of an ancient radiation of African mammals, the Afrotheria, which also includes elephants, sea cows, hyraxes, aardvark, golden moles and tenrecs (Springer et al. 1997; Stanhope et al. 1998). The single extant family in this order, Macroscelididae, includes 20 recognised species from two sub-families: the soft-furred sengis (Macroscelidinae) with 15 species within four genera (Macroselides, Elephantulus, Petrosaltator and Petrodromus), and the ‘giant’ sengis (Rhynchocyoninae) with a single genus (Rhynchocyon) and five species (Corbet and Hanks 1968; Rovero et al. 2008; Dumbacher 2016; Carlen et al. 2017)." 136309,Rhynchocyon udzungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Rhynchocyon,udzungwensis,,,,,"Rathbun & Rovero, 2008","This recently described species is the fourth in the genus Rhynchocyon, and its description by Rovero et al. (2008) followed the taxonomy established by Corbet and Hanks (1968). A recent study has confirmed that R. udzungwensis is taxonomically distinct from the surrounding R. cirnei based on nuclear DNA loci (Lawson et al. 2013).  The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and dissociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information." 13394,Micropotamogale ruwenzorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Micropotamogale,ruwenzorii,,,,,"(de Witte & Frechkop, 1955)", 4812,Chrysochloris visagiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Chrysochloris,visagiei,,,,,"Broom, 1950",Meester (1974) suggested that this species may in fact be an aberrant C. asiatica. Simonetta
(1968) listed it as a subspecies of C. asiatica. Its taxonomic status should thus be considered incertae sedis. 136599,Dendrohyrax validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,HYRACOIDEA,PROCAVIIDAE,Dendrohyrax,validus,,,,,"True, 1890","Shoshani (2005) included Dendrohyrax validus as a synonym of Dendrohyrax arboreus. The validity of D. validus has been questioned by some authors (e.g., Bothma 1971), but has been retained as distinct by others (Meester et al. 1986, Schlitter 1993, Roberts et al. 2013), which is the treatment followed here. The call of D. validus is very characteristic and distinct from D. arboreus. It helped finding a new subpopulation on the Kenya coast, see Seibt et al. (1977) and Hoeck (1978)." 40601,Chrysochloris stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Chrysochloris,stuhlmanni,,,,,"Matschie, 1894","Lundholm (1955) created the subgenus Kilimatalpa within Chlorotalpa for this species, whereas Simonetta (1968) placed it in the genus Carpitalpa , but assigned one subspecies (tropicalis) to the genus Chlorotalpa. Meester (1974) included stuhlmanni in Chrysochloris, an arrangement followed by Bronner (1995) who assigned it to the subgenus Kilimatalpa. Recent (but still unpublished) phylogenetic analyses support elevation of  Kilimatalpa to generic rank.  There are four recognized subspecies, at least one of which, balsaci from Cameroon, may be a distinct species (Bronner and Jenkins 2005)." 40600,Chrysochloris asiatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Chrysochloris,asiatica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Provisionally includes Kilimatalpa as a subgenus (Bronner 1995), although recent (but still unpublished) phylogenetic analyses suggest that Kilimatalpa should be recognized as a separate genus; see comments under C. stuhlmanni.

Up to ten subspecies have previously been recognized, but size and colour varies clinally, hence validity of these taxa is dubious (Meester et al. 1986). The only known specimen of damarensis may have been incorrectly labelled as no Chrysochloris have subsequently been collected in Damaraland, Namibia (Meester 1986)." 42660,Elephantulus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,fuscus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha.


Corbet (1971) raised this taxon from a subspecies of Elephantulus brachyrhynchus to a full species: E. fuscus.


See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

" 42659,Elephantulus fuscipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,fuscipes,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

" 42658,Elephantulus brachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,brachyrhynchus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1836)","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred Sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant Sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name “Sengi” is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the IUCN SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information. For general biological information, please consult Perrin and Rathbun (2013) and Rathbun (2005, 2013).

" 40597,Huetia leucorhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Huetia,leucorhina,,,,,"(Huet, 1885)","The subgenus Huetia was afforded full generic status based on a phylogeny derived from combined morphological and molecular characters (Asher et al. 2010),  and includes only the single species H. leucorhina (previously assessed as Calcochloris leucorhinus). Historically, the species has been placed in four different genera: 1) in Calcochloris (subgenus Huetia) based on craniometric analyses (Bronner 1995); 2) in Amblysomus on the basis of malleus morphology (Simonetta 1968, Petter 1981); 3) in Chlorotalpa based on cranial and dental characters (Meester 1974); and 4) in Chrysochloris on the basis of dental morphology (Allen 1939). Synonyms for leucorhina: cahni, congicus and lulanus.

Two described subspecies: Huetia leucorhina cahni and H. l. leucorhina (the latter includes congicus and lulanus, Meester 1974).  However, pronounced variation in dental characters (development of talonids on premolars and molars) suggests that this taxon may include cryptic species (Bronner 1995), but as only a few specimens are available for study, the validity of subspecies remains uncertain." 42664,Elephantulus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,rufescens,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

" 40596,Carpitalpa arendsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Carpitalpa,arendsi,,,,,"(Lundholm, 1955)","Monotypic. Lundholm (1955) described this taxon as a subgenus of Chlorotalpa, as well as the subgenus Kilimatalpa for C. stuhlmanni from east Africa. Simonetta (1968) elevated Carpitalpa to generic rank to include Kilimatalpa. Meester (1974) instead assigned C. arendsi to Chlorotalpa and C. stuhlmanni to Chrysochloris, commenting that differences between the Chlorotalpa species did not warrant subgeneric separation. Phylogenetic analyses of morphometric data (Bronner 1995), and recent phylogenetic analyses based on both morphological and genetic data (Asher et al. 2010) confirm that C. arendsi has diverged considerably from the Chlorotalpa species and Chrysochloris (Kilimatalpa) stuhlmanni, necessitating its allocation to a distinct genus," 42663,Elephantulus rozeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,rozeti,,,,,"(Duvernoy, 1833)","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genusRhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information." 42662,Elephantulus myurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,myurus,,,,,"Thomas & Schwann, 1906","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name “sengi” is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the IUCN SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

" 42661,Elephantulus intufi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,intufi,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1836)","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name “sengi” is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the IUCN SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

" 4828,Chrysospalax trevelyani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Chrysospalax,trevelyani,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Originally, Chrysospalax was created as a subgenus, with Chrysochloris trevelyani as type species (Poduschka 1980). Presently, no subspecies have been described." 7136,Elephantulus edwardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,edwardii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1839)","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information." 4829,Chrysospalax villosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,CHRYSOCHLORIDAE,Chrysospalax,villosus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1833)","Meester (1974) listed six subspecies distinguished mainly by subtle differences in pelage colour: villosus, transvaalensis, leschae, dobsoni, rufopallidus and rufus. The validity of these subspecies is uncertain (Bronner 2013)." 7138,Elephantulus rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,rupestris,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1831)","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name “sengi” is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the IUCN SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information." 42679,Petrodromus tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Petrodromus,tetradactylus,,,,,"Peters, 1846","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

This genus specifically is in need of a taxonomic revision that would assess the currently recognized 10 subspecies. Subspecies are characterised mainly by pelage colour and bristles under the tail. Two subspecies occur within the assessment region, P. t. schwanni in north-eastern Limpopo and P. t. warreni in northern KwaZulu-Natal. The subspecies in KwaZulu-Natal (P. t. warreni) lacks tail bristles, as opposed to other forms (Rathbun 2013). For general biological information, please consult Perrin and Rathbun (2013), Rathbun (2013) and Rathbun (2005)." 165924,Elephantulus pilicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,pilicaudus,,,,,"Smit, 2008","In the past, the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the well-defined monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created supercohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living sengi species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides contains three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name “sengi” is often used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Eulipotyphla. See www.afrotheria.net and www.sengis.org for additional information." 19199797,Andrena bucephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,bucephala,,,,,"Stephens, 1846", 19198545,Andrena curvana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,curvana,,,,,"Warncke, 1965", 19199528,Andrena fimbriata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,fimbriata,,,,,"Brullé, 1832","Taxonomic issues regarding the position of Andrena fimbriata within the Andrena labialis group are treated by Schönitzer et al. (1995).

Warncke (1967) examined the type of this species. Most previous records belong to A. forsterella, A. variabilis or other species of the subgenus Holandrena." 19198660,Andrena fulva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,fulva,,,,,"(Müller, 1766)", 19199694,Andrena fulvata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,fulvata,,,,,"Stoeckhert, 1930","While Warncke considers Andrena fulvata as a subspecies of A. angustior, Andrena angustior fulvata Stöckhert, 1930, almost all the other authors after him recognize Andrena fulvata as a distinct species (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014), and this will be the criteria applied for the purposes of this assessment." 19199537,Andrena graecella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,graecella,,,,,"Warncke, 1965", 19199286,Andrena semilaevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,semilaevis,,,,,"Pérez, 1903", 19199106,Andrena suerinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,suerinensis,,,,,"Friese, 1884", 155667,Anodonta anatina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,anatina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The misidentification between Anodonta anatina and Anodonta cygnea has been always a problem for research. For instance Haas (1969) did not recognize the distinction of the two species. Additionally the species “splitters”, mainly from the French nouvelle école, have produced more than 400 synonyms (Graf and Cummings 2013).

These facts make the study of historical and actual distribution patterns much more difficult. More recently, both species have been widely recognized (Nagel et al. 1998, Falkner et al. 2001) and recent molecular approach has confirmed this position (Nagel and Badino 2001, Källersjö et al. 2005). Additionally, using these molecular techniques, some strains of Anodonta anatina seem distinct enough to be considered different species, such as the ones from the Italic peninsula (Nagel et al. 1996; M. Lopes-Lima unpublished data). More studies are needed on the genetic diversity on the fringes of distribution such as Turkey, northern and eastern Russia.

A large number of synonymous taxa have been described for this taxa (MolluscaBase 2022)." 156066,Anodonta cygnea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,cygnea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Fauna Europaea (Bank et al. 2006) considered there to be four different subspecies, concealing cryptic diversity. In addition Falkner (pers. comm., 2009) considered that two subspecies may exist in Lake Constance. However, recent molecular studies indicate that, strains the presence of only one species in Europe with low genetic diversity M. Lopes-Lima (pers comm. 2013), with the exception of the Italic peninsula where distinct species or sub-species may occur.  Additional molecular studies are needed on the eastern European range, Middle East and North African populations." 189220,Melanopsis denegabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,denegabilis,,,,,"Férussac in Pallary, 1939","Melanopsis is a difficult genus subject to considerable controversy, and further taxonomic analysis is recommended.

Melanopsis denegabilis is one of the smooth-shelled Melanopsis forms, that formerly were all lumped under M. praemorsa or M. buccinoidea, but are recently being taxonomically reassessed. The Melanopsis of the Levant show a high degree of morphological variation and Heller et al. (2005) concluded that ten Melanopsis species occur in the Levant. This view is followed here.

The name Melanopsis denegabilis was proposed by André de Férrussac (Férussac and Férussac 1807) for some Melanopsis populations from 'Mesopotamia'. No type locality is given nor an adequate description or figure. For reasons unknown, more than a century later, Pallary (1939) revived the name. In his study on the molluscs of the Levant he states that it is found 'in Iraq at  Rahalya Springs....., аt Kani Sepi et аt Karsi'. The last two locations are situated in Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan respectively. Pallary also adds that the species is 'very common' in the Levant but this statement is not supported by him.
Previously, Germain (1921-22) in the reference work for the Levantine molluscs, fails to mention this species while Heller et al. (2005) state that the M. denegabilis specimens from the region of  Lakbe and Tripoli (Syria), collected by Pallary (1939), fall within the morphometric range of M. buccinoidea. These authors hence consider the Levantine M. denegabilis populations as belonging to M. buccinoidea. 
The mention of M. denegabilis by Pallary (1939) from Irani Kurdistan is not withheld by Glöer and Pešić (2012), and Naser (2006) does not mention it from southern Iraq (this author did not collect in the northern part). The only remaining reference from 'small rivers flowing to the Kura River' in Azerbaijan (Starobogatov et al. 1992 cited in Kantor et al. 2009) is also highly dubious, the taxonomic status of all Melanopsis morphs in the Ponto-Caspian region being in urgent need of revision." 189361,Melanopsis pachya,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,pachya,,,,,"Pallary, 1939","Heller et al. (2005) concluded that ten Melanopsis species occur in the Levant, one of which consists of four subspecies (M. costata).  This opinion is here followed. 
Melanopsis pachya Pallary, 1939 is a Levantine Melanopsis with a weakly ribbed shell. On the basis of the shell ornamentation and conchyometric characteristics it is separated by Heller et al. (2005) from  Melanopsis costata,  the common, widely distributed ribbed representative of Melanopsis in the Levant. These authors also remain ecologically  consequent in their splitting of the Levantine Melanopsis, in the sense that virtually all of their revived species, as well and the single new one, are restricted to a highly specific habitat, namely springs (= crenobionts)" 21101200,Dolichopteroides binocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Dolichopteroides,binocularis,,,,,"(Beebe, 1932)", 18140829,Opisthoproctus grimaldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Opisthoproctus,grimaldii,,,,,Zugmayer 1911,"This species had a genus change in 2016 according to Poulsen et al., and should now be considered as Monacoa grimaldii. need to request change in SIS" 18155920,Opisthoproctus soleatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Opisthoproctus,soleatus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1888", 178500,Letheobia erythraea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,erythraea,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1928)",Broadley and Wallach (2007) transferred this species from Rhinotyphlops to the resurrected genus Letheobia. 21101322,Winteria telescopa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Winteria,telescopa,,,,,"Brauer, 1901", 18155933,Barbantus curvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Barbantus,curvifrons,,,,,"(Roule & Angel, 1931)", 19198902,Hoplitis loti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Hoplitis,loti,,,,,"(Morawitz, 1867)", 10190,Hirudo medicinalis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,ARHYNCHOBDELLIDA,HIRUDINIDAE,Hirudo,medicinalis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 11049,Komarekiona eatoni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,HAPLOTAXIDA,KOMAREKIONIDAE,Komarekiona,eatoni,,,,,"Gates, 1974", 6828,Driloleirus americanus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Driloleirus,americanus,,,,,"Smith, 1897", 6829,Driloleirus macelfreshi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Driloleirus,macelfreshi,,,,,"(Smith, 1937)","The species was named in honor of its collector, F. M. McElfresh." 13008,Megascolides australis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Megascolides,australis,,,,,"McCoy, 1878", 16869,Phallodriloides macmasterae,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,HAPLOTAXIDA,NAIDIDAE,Phallodriloides,macmasterae,,,,,"(Erséus, 1986)", 13273,Metatrichoniscoides celticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,TRICHONISCIDAE,Metatrichoniscoides,celticus,,,,,"Oliver & Trew, 1981", 9621,Haematopinus oliveri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHTHIRAPTERA,HAEMATOPINIDAE,Haematopinus,oliveri,,,,,"Mishra & Singh, 1978", 1617,Anthicus sacramento,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHICIDAE,Anthicus,sacramento,,,,,"Chandler, 1978", 4846,Cicindela columbica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CICINDELIDAE,Cicindela,columbica,,,,,"Hatch, 1938", 4851,Cicindela marginipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CICINDELIDAE,Cicindela,marginipennis,,,,,"DeJean, 1831", 4855,Cicindela puritana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CICINDELIDAE,Cicindela,puritana,,,,,"G. Horn, 1871", 6862,Dryophthorus distinguendus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Dryophthorus,distinguendus,,,,,"Perkins, 1900", 6863,Dryotribus mimeticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Dryotribus,mimeticus,,,,,"Horn, 1873", 9579,Gymnopholus lichenifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Gymnopholus,lichenifer,,,,,"Gressitt, 1966", 39307,Hadramphus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Hadramphus,tuberculatus,,,,,"(Pascoe, 1877)","

Since Pascoe’s 1877 description, Hadramphus tuberculatus has been included in three genera and is synonymous with two names in the literature. Pascoe originally placed Hadramphus tuberculatus in the genus Lyperobius (Pascoe 1877), but in Kuschel’s 1971 revision the species was moved to Hadramphus Broun (Kuschel 1971). Kuschel later erected the genus Karocolens to include the type species K.  pittospori (a Molytine weevil from the Poor Knights Islands, NZ) (Kuschel 1987).  In 1999 however, Craw re-instated Karocolens  pittospori within Hadramphus (Craw 1999) and Karocolens is now synonymised with Hadramphus.

" 12582,Macrancylus linearis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Macrancylus,linearis,,,,,"LeConte, 1876", 15144,Oodemas laysanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Oodemas,laysanensis,,,,,"Fullaway, 1914", 58250229,Allopentarthrum elumbe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Allopentarthrum,elumbe,,,,,"(Boheman, 1838)", 19724,Rhyncogonus bryani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Rhyncogonus,bryani,,,,,"Perkins, 1919", 22147,Trigonoscuta rossi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Trigonoscuta,rossi,,,,,"Pierce, 1975", 22148,Trigonoscuta yorbalindae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Trigonoscuta,yorbalindae,,,,,"Pierce, 1975", 17902,Polposipus herculeanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Polposipus,herculeanus,,,,,"Solier, 1848", 11073,Labidura herculeana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DERMAPTERA,LABIDURIDAE,Labidura,herculeana,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","Originally described as a full species, this taxon was downgraded to a subspecies of L. riparia by Kirby (1904). The taxon was reinstated as a valid species by Brindle (1970) and synonymised with L. loveridgei Zeuner, 1962 which had been described from subfossil forceps." 7036,Edwardsina gigantea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,BLEPHARICERIDAE,Edwardsina,gigantea,,,,,"Zwick, 1977", 7037,Edwardsina tasmaniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,BLEPHARICERIDAE,Edwardsina,tasmaniensis,,,,,"Tonnoir, 1924", 195359872,Campsicnemus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Campsicnemus,atlanticus,,,,,"Dyte, 1980","This species was originally described as Campsicnemus mirabilis. However, C. mirabilis (Grimshaw, 1902) takes precedence of this name. Dyte (1980), therefore provided an alternative name for this concept, which is C. atlanticus." 40728,Tasmanophlebi lacuscoerulei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,EPHEMEROPTERA,ONISCIGASTRIDAE,Tasmanophlebi,lacuscoerulei,,,,,"Tillyard, 1933","This species was previously listed incorrectly as Tasmanophlebia lacus-coerulei, instead of Tasmanophlebi lacuscoerulei." 4410,Megachile pluto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,pluto,,,,,"Smith, 1860", 1935,Apteromantis aptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Apteromantis,aptera,,,,,"(Fuente, 1894)", 6852,Dryococelus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Dryococelus,australis,,,,,"(Montrouzier, 1855)", 8423,Eusthenia nothofagi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PLECOPTERA,EUSTHENIIDAE,Eusthenia,nothofagi,,,,,"Zwick, 1979", 11726,Leptoperla cacuminis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PLECOPTERA,GRIPOPTERYGIDAE,Leptoperla,cacuminis,,,,,"Hynes, 1974", 19730,Riekoperla darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PLECOPTERA,GRIPOPTERYGIDAE,Riekoperla,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Illies, 1968)", 10332,Hydropsyche tobiasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,TRICHOPTERA,HYDROPSYCHIDAE,Hydropsyche,tobiasi,,,,,"Malicky, 1977", 1783,Antiponemertes allisonae,ANIMALIA,NEMERTINA,ENOPLA,HOPLONEMERTEA,PROSORHOCHMIDAE,Antiponemertes,allisonae,,,,,"(Moore, 1973)",It is a synonym of Geonemertes allisonae (Gibson & Moore 1981) and should possibly be transferred to the Family Plectonemertidae. 2098,Argonemertes stocki,ANIMALIA,NEMERTINA,ENOPLA,HOPLONEMERTEA,PROSORHOCHMIDAE,Argonemertes,stocki,,,,,"(Moore, 1975)",This species should possibly be transferred to the Family Plectonemertidae. 2097,Argonemertes hillii,ANIMALIA,NEMERTINA,ENOPLA,HOPLONEMERTEA,PROSORHOCHMIDAE,Argonemertes,hillii,,,,,"(Hett, 1924)",This species should possibly be transferred to the Family Plectonemertidae. 9066,Geonemertes rodericana,ANIMALIA,NEMERTINA,ENOPLA,HOPLONEMERTEA,PROSORHOCHMIDAE,Geonemertes,rodericana,,,,,"(Gulliver, 1879)", 10960,Katechonemertes nightingaleensis,ANIMALIA,NEMERTINA,ENOPLA,HOPLONEMERTEA,PROSORHOCHMIDAE,Katechonemertes,nightingaleensis,,,,,"(Brinkmann, 1947)",Should possibly be transferred to the Family: Plectonemertidae. 15968,Prosadenoporus agricola,ANIMALIA,NEMERTINA,ENOPLA,HOPLONEMERTEA,PROSORHOCHMIDAE,Prosadenoporus,agricola,,,,,"(Willemoes-Suhm, 1874)", 19199167,Nomada alpigena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,alpigena,,,,,"Schwarz, Gusenleitner & Mazzucco, 1999", 19199076,Nomada argentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,argentata,,,,,"Herrich-Schäffer, 1839", 170372,Agama spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,spinosa,,,,,"Gray, 1831","An early record of Agama doriae, a species not otherwise known east of the Rift Valley, from Ogaden in Ethiopia is likely to be attributable to this species, but this requires confirmation (Largen and Spawls 2006). Records from Somalia have been assigned to the new species A. somalica by Wagner et al. (2013)." 18155939,Holtbyrnia anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Holtbyrnia,anomala,,,,,"Krefft, 1980", 19199900,Nomada ariasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,ariasi,,,,,"Dusmet y Alonso, 1913", 19199100,Nomada armata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,armata,,,,,"Herrich-Schäffer, 1839", 19199559,Nomada arrogans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,arrogans,,,,,"Schmiedeknecht, 1882", 19199092,Nomada atroscutellaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,atroscutellaris,,,,,"Strand, 1921", 19199440,Nomada baccata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,baccata,,,,,"Smith, 1844", 19198511,Nomada barcelonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,barcelonensis,,,,,"Cockerell, 1917", 19199394,Nomada bluethgeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,bluethgeni,,,,,"Stoeckhert, 1943", 19199422,Nomada bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,bolivari,,,,,"Dusmet y Alonso, 1913", 19199213,Nomada concolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,concolor,,,,,"Schmiedeknecht, 1882", 19198699,Nomada corcyraea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,corcyraea,,,,,"Schmiedeknecht, 1882", 19199165,Nomada coronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,coronata,,,,,"Pérez, 1896", 19199690,Nomada cypricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,cypricola,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1955", 19198850,Nomada discedens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,discedens,,,,,"Pérez, 1884", 19198963,Nomada errans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,errans,,,,,"Lepeletier, 1841", 19199510,Nomada fabriciana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,fabriciana,,,,,"(Linné, 1767)", 19199844,Nomada ferruginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,ferruginata,,,,,"(Linné, 1767)", 19199584,Nomada flava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,flava,,,,,"Panzer, 1798", 19199445,Nomada fusca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,fusca,,,,,"Schwarz, 1986", 19198654,Nomada gransassoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,gransassoi,,,,,"Schwarz, 1986", 19198560,Nomada gruenwaldti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,gruenwaldti,,,,,"Schwarz, 1979", 19199437,Nomada hirtipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,hirtipes,,,,,"Pérez, 1884", 19198555,Nomada hispanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,hispanica,,,,,"Dusmet y Alonso, 1913", 19199272,Nomada illustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,illustris,,,,,"Schmiedeknecht, 1882", 19198772,Nomada kornosica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,kornosica,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1958", 19199024,Nomada lamellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,lamellata,,,,,"Schwarz, 1977", 19198970,Nomada melathoracica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,melathoracica,,,,,"Imhoff, 1834", 19198703,Nomada nesiotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,nesiotica,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1958", 19199790,Nomada noskiewiczi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,noskiewiczi,,,,,"Schwarz, 1966", 19198792,Nomada orbitalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,orbitalis,,,,,"Pérez, 1913", 19199761,Nomada piccioliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,piccioliana,,,,,"Magretti, 1883", 19199075,Nomada polemediana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,polemediana,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1957", 19199805,Nomada priesneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,priesneri,,,,,"Schwarz, 1965", 19199150,Nomada rubricoxa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,rubricoxa,,,,,"Schwarz, 1977", 19198637,Nomada rufoabdominalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,rufoabdominalis,,,,,"Schwarz, 1963", 19199741,Nomada siciliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,siciliensis,,,,,"Dalla Torre & Friese, 1894", 19198728,Nomada sicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,sicula,,,,,"Schwarz, 1974", 19199306,Nomada signata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,signata,,,,,"Jurine, 1807", 19199825,Nomada similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,similis,,,,,"Morawitz, 1872", 19199755,Nomada standfussi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,standfussi,,,,,"Schwarz, 2007", 19198806,Nomada verna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,verna,,,,,"Schmiedeknecht, 1882", 19198359,Habropoda ezonata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Habropoda,ezonata,,,,,"Smith, 1854","This taxon was considered until recently as a synonym of Habropoda tarsata (e.g., Friese 1896, Brooks 1988). It has been revised as a valid species only very recently by Schwarz and Gusenleitner (2001)." 19199045,Melecta canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Melecta,canariensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 19198827,Melecta caroli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Melecta,caroli,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 19199138,Melecta curvispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Melecta,curvispina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 19199225,Melecta gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Melecta,gracilipes,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1980", 19199037,Thyreus hohmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Thyreus,hohmanni,,,,,"Schwarz, 1993", 196757,Biantes albimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,BIANTIDAE,Biantes,albimanus,,,,,"(Loman, 1902)", 196758,Biantes minimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,BIANTIDAE,Biantes,minimus,,,,,"Rambla, 1983", 196756,Biantes parvulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,BIANTIDAE,Biantes,parvulus,,,,,"(Hirst, 1911)", 21460734,Hirstienus nanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PHALANGODIDAE,Hirstienus,nanus,,,,,"(Hirst, 1913)", 21567292,Atelopus nocturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,nocturnus,,,,,"Bravo-Valencia & Rivera-Correa, 2011", 21567318,Rhinatrema shiv,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Rhinatrema,shiv,,,,,"Gower, Wilkinson, Sherratt & Kok, 2010",Kok and Kalamandeen (2008) provided an account for this species as Rhinatrema cf bivittatum. 21460843,Feaella affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,FEAELLIDAE,Feaella,affinis,,,,,"Hirst, 1911", 196784,Chiromachus ochropus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCORPIONES,LIOCHELIDAE,Chiromachus,ochropus,,,,,"Koch, 1837", 196771,Centrobunus braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Centrobunus,braueri,,,,,"Loman, 1902", 196766,Holozoster ovalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Holozoster,ovalis,,,,,"Loman, 1902", 21460622,Ibalonius bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Ibalonius,bimaculatus,,,,,"Loman, 1902", 196764,Ibalonius flavopictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Ibalonius,flavopictus,,,,,"Hirst, 1911", 196761,Ibalonius inscriptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Ibalonius,inscriptus,,,,,"Loman, 1902", 196763,Ibalonius karschii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Ibalonius,karschii,,,,,"Loman, 1902", 196762,Ibalonius lomani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Ibalonius,lomani,,,,,"Hirst, 1911", 196768,Sitalcicus gardineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Sitalcicus,gardineri,,,,,"(Hirst, 1911)", 196769,Sitalcicus incertus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Sitalcicus,incertus,,,,,"Rambla, 1983", 196781,Benoitinus elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,SAMOIDAE,Benoitinus,elegans,,,,,"Rambla, 1983", 196776,Mitraceras crassipalpum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,SAMOIDAE,Mitraceras,crassipalpum,,,,,"Loman, 1902", 196777,Mitraceras pulchra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,SAMOIDAE,Mitraceras,pulchra,,,,,"Rambla, 1983", 196779,Samoa sechellana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,SAMOIDAE,Samoa,sechellana,,,,,"Rambla, 1983", 21460777,Metazalmoxis ferruginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,ZALMOXIDAE,Metazalmoxis,ferruginea,,,,,"Roewer, 1912", 21583761,Limaformosa savorgnani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Limaformosa,savorgnani,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1887)","Chirio and Ineich (2006) consider Mehelya savorgnani, traditionally treated as a subspecies of M. capensis, a full species based on differences in habitat, ventral count and colour pattern, but provide no detailed justification for this treatment and indicate that taxonomic work on this genus is required. This scheme has nevertheless been followed subsequently (Chirio and LeBreton 2007, Largen and Spawls 2010, Kelly et al. 2011). This taxon was not included in the genetic work carried out by Kelly et al. (2011), who assigned both species to the resurrected genus Gonionotophis, and so its relationship with G. capensis remains in need of clarification. Pending further work, this account tentatively follows Chirio and Ineich (2006) in treating G. savorgnani as a full species, a scheme accepted by Lanza and Broadley (2014). A record from Woroqi Galbeed in northern Somalia attributed to this taxon by Lanza (1990) is considered to represent G. unicolor by Largen and Spawls (2010). The species has since been transferred to the genus Limaformosa by Broadley et al. (2018)." 124310365,Limaformosa chanleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Limaformosa,chanleri,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1893)","Largen and Spawls (2010) and Kelly et al. (2011) treated Mehelya unicolor as a species distinct from M. capensis, and the latter in assigning both to the genus Gonionotophis. Kelly et al. (2011) did not address the specific status of this taxon and their molecular results indicate a close affinity with G. capensis. In a subsequent revision of the G. capensis group, Lanza and Broadley (2014) formally synonymized this species within G. (subsequently transferred to Limaformosa by Broadley et al. 2018) chanleri." 21583786,Lamprophis abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lamprophis,abyssinicus,,,,,"Mocquard, 1906", 21583934,Lamprophis erlangeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lamprophis,erlangeri,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1908)", 21583970,Pseudoboodon boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Pseudoboodon,boehmei,,,,,"Rasmussen & Largen, 1992", 21584008,Pseudoboodon gascae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Pseudoboodon,gascae,,,,,"Peracca, 1897", 21584054,Pseudoboodon lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Pseudoboodon,lemniscatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 21584164,Pseudoboodon sandfordorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Pseudoboodon,sandfordorum,,,,,"Spawls, 2004", 21584213,Epacrophis reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epacrophis,reticulatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) erected the new genus Epacrophis for the former Leptotyphlops reticulatus species group, with Glauconia reticulata as the type species." 21584239,Leptotyphlops aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,aethiopicus,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 21584272,Leptotyphlops emini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,emini,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","Broadley and Wallach (2007) redescribed this species, assigning the Ethiopian and Marsabit records to a new species, Leptotyphlops aethiopicus, as well as describing new species encompassing records of L. emini from Mt. Kilamanjaro (L. keniensis) and southwest Tanzania (L. mbanjensis). A further species removed from within L. emini, L. monticolus, was ""insufficiently diagnosed"" and has subsequently been considered a junior synonym of L. emini (Spawls et al. 2018)." 21584310,Myriopholis braccianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,braccianii,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1929)","This species was formerly placed in the synonymy of Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus, until it was resurrected by Wallach and Lanza (2004) based on an examination of the holotype.  Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) referred L. braccianii to their new genus Myriopholis." 21584326,Tricheilostoma dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tricheilostoma,dissimilis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1886)","Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) assigned this species to their new genus Myriopholis, but noted that this assignment was tentative in the absence of specimens to examine." 21584341,Myriopholis erythraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,erythraeus,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1929)",Wallach and Lanza (2004) revived this species from the synonymy of Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus. Previous records of this species and of L. cairi from Ethiopia and Eritrea refer instead to L. erythreaus. Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) assigned this species to their new genus Myriopholis. 21584356,Myriopholis longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,longicauda,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Broadley and Wallach (2007) revised the species of Leptotyphlops occurring in northeastern Africa, erecting the new name L. tanae for populations of ""L. longicaudus"" in Kenya, Somalia and southern Ethiopia, and L. ionidesi for those from Tanzania to Malawi. These authors did not discuss or redescribe L. longicauda itself, however, by implication this taxon is now confined to southeastern Africa. Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) erected the new genus Myriopholis for the Leptotyphlops longicauda group of Broadley and Wallach (2007)." 21584404,Leptotyphlops tanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,tanae,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007",This species was described to encompass populations previously assigned to Leptotyphlops longicaudus (Broadley and Wallach 2007). Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) assigned this species to their new genus Myriopholis. 21584431,Prosymna ruspolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,ruspolii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 21584450,Prosymna somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,somalica,,,,,"Parker, 1930", 21584465,Prosymna stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,stuhlmanni,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)","Prosymna stuhlmanni, formerly a subspecies of P. ambigua, is now generally considered a full species (e.g. Branch 1998, Broadley 1992,Uetz and Hallerman 2012,  Spawls et al. 2018)." 21103888,Holtbyrnia cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Holtbyrnia,cyanocephala,,,,,"(Krefft, 1967)", 170401,Hypsilurus binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,binotatus,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 170402,Hypsilurus bruijnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,bruijnii,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 178473,Cyrtodactylus irianjayaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,irianjayaensis,,,,,"Rösler, 2001", 4608,Chelodina parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Chelodina,parkeri,,,,,"Rhodin & Mittermeier, 1976","Chelodina parkeri is a morphologically distinct and uncontroversially recognized species, with an adequate description and diagnosis (Rhodin and Mittermeier 1976, Georges et al. 2002, Georges and Thomson 2010, TTWG 2017). No subspecies or geographic variations are recognized, but it has not yet been genetically analyzed. It could conceivably be confused with Chelodina oblonga (formerly Chelodina siebenrocki or Chelodina rugosa), but these species do not occur sympatrically and C. parkeri is distinguished by the distinct white head patch immediately above and behind the tympanum, with or without dark blotches, and a ventral surface of the cervical scute longer than wide." 170384,Chlamydosaurus kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Chlamydosaurus,kingii,,,,,"Gray, 1825",This is the sole member of its genus. 178458,Gehyra dubia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,dubia,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 178415,Carlia bicarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,bicarinata,,,,,"(MacLeay, 1877)","

Records of this species from Australia represent confusion with Carlia storri, which was not recognized as a distinct taxon until Ingram and Covacevich (1989).

" 178168,Carlia diguliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,diguliensis,,,,,"(Kopstein, 1926)", 195301,Emoia caeruleocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,caeruleocauda,,,,,"(De Vis, 1892)", 178560,Emoia loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,loveridgei,,,,,"Brown, 1953", 178178,Emoia oribata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,oribata,,,,,"Brown, 1953", 178486,Glaphyromorphus crassicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,crassicaudus,,,,,"(Duméril & Duméril, 1851)","The former subspecies Glaphyromorphus crassicaudus arnhemicus (Storr, 1967) is now regarded as a full species by some authors (Greer 1989, Reeder 2003), but retained as a subspecies by Wilson and Swan (2013), although Greer (1989) found that arnhemicus was not the sister taxon to crassicaudus. It is not recognized by Cogger et al. (2014), who does not comment on this omission. G. Shea (pers. comm. 2017) considers it a valid species based on discrete morphology and distribution. Additionally, taxonomic issues may exist with Queensland populations as multiple species may be present under the name G. crassicaudus (P. Couper pers. comm. 2017). This account treats G. arnhemicus as a distinct taxon following Greer (1989), as future taxonomic changes within G. crassicaudatus will not impact the strongly allopatric G. arnhemicus (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 178421,Nubeoscincus glacialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nubeoscincus,glacialis,,,,,"(Greer, Allison & Cogger, 2005)", 178273,Prasinohaema prehensicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Prasinohaema,prehensicauda,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1945)", 178667,Prasinohaema flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Prasinohaema,flavipes,,,,,"(Parker, 1936)", 178568,Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,nigrolineatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 178267,Varanus boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,boehmei,,,,,"Jacobs, 2003","This species was described in 2003; it is a distinct species within the Varanus prasinus species group (Ziegler et al. 2007)." 178029,Varanus jobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,jobiensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1932","This species is part of the Varanus indicus species group, which was found to have relatively low genetic distances between species which suggests recent speciation (Ziegler et al. 2007)." 178388,Varanus telenesetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,telenesetes,,,,,"Sprackland, 1991","There is significant taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species, which is part of the Varanus prasinus complex (Ziegler et al. 2007). Extensive fieldwork on Rossel Island has been carried out without encountering the animal, and native people dispute that it exists; it may therefore be that the single specimen has incorrect locality data (S. Sweet pers. comm. 2007). Additionally Koch et al. (2014) expressed doubt about the validity of the taxon telenesetes on morphological grounds. The original green colouration of the type specimen has largely faded over the years and it now appears brownish gray. Therefore, the taxon telenesetes could represent a synonym of V. prasinus, which differs from V. telenestes mainly in colouration, but further evidence is needed. An approach to obtain sequence data from the holotype was not successful due to genetic degradation resulting from long-term preservation (A. Koch, pers. obs.)." 176764,Acrochordus arafurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ACROCHORDIDAE,Acrochordus,arafurae,,,,,"McDowell, 1979", 176689,Brachyorrhos albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Brachyorrhos,albus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 176786,Dendrelaphis lorentzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,lorentzii,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1911)","McDowell (1984) notes that the subpopulation on the Huon Peninsula, north of New Guinea's central mountains, is completely isolated and appears to be morphologically distinct from records south of this range. This author suspected that the northern record may represent a separate species, however, with only a single specimen from this region he refrained from proposing any taxonomic changes." 177478,Tropidonophis elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,elongatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1865)","There is a need to review the specimens currently allocated to this species, it may represent a complex of species (D. Iskandar pers. comm. 2019)." 177521,Tropidonophis mairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,mairii,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)","This species has three subspecies:
T. mairii mairii (Gray, 1841)
T. mairii brongersmai Malnate & Underwood, 198)
T. mairii plumbea (Macleay, 1877).

T. m. brongersmai and T. m. plumbea are likely to be synonymous because of similar distribution." 177514,Tropidonophis parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,parkeri,,,,,"Malnate & Underwood, 1988", 177547,Tropidonophis statistictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,statistictus,,,,,"Malnate & Underwood, 1988", 177483,Acanthophis rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,rugosus,,,,,"Loveridge, 1948","Longstanding taxonomic issues (summarized by Wüster et al. 2005) exist within Acanthophis , with the names A. praelongus and A. antarcticus having been widely used to encompass both Australian and New Guinean taxa, including a number of Australian populations flagged as being distinct (Wüster et al. 2005). These authors provide the first modern phylogenetic framework for analyzing variation in the genus, and attribute Northern Territory and northern Queensland representatives of their 'clade A1' to the Acanthophis rugosus complex, a form shared with New Guinea and previously treated as a subspecies of A. antarcticus, although the name A. praelongus is still applied to this group by some authors (Wilson and Swan 2013). This clade is itself divided into two broadly sympatric forms and Wüster et al. (2005) note that the oldest name available for the second clade is Acanthophis hawkei. Although these authors refrain from considering this taxon a separate species and no subsequent taxonomic work appears to have validated it, Threatened Species Scientific Committee (2012) state that ""[Acanthophis hawkei] is conventionally accepted as a distinct species"". Subsequent work found that a Kimberley form, which had long been assumed to belong to the A. rugosus complex but not previously included in comparative analysis, warranted recognition as a distinct species related to A. pyrrhus (Maddock et al. 2015), to which Maddock et al. (2015) gave the name A. cryptadrymos. Detailed systematic research is required to resolve outstanding issues within this complex, as molecular approaches alone may be insufficient and a number of candidate species within the group exhibit sympatric or parapatric distributions (Wüster et al. 2005)." 177560,Toxicocalamus misimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,misimae,,,,,"McDowell, 1969", 177518,Liasis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Liasis,fuscus,,,,,"Peters, 1873","

Liasis fuscus has previously been treated as a junior synonym of L. mackloti following Stuhl (1932), which was formerly treated as being widespread in eastern Indonesia. Based on limited mtDNA sampling, Rawlings et al. (2004) found that Australian water pythons are divided into two clades, representing L. fuscus in Queensland and New Guinea and L. mackloti in the Northern Territory and the Indonesian islands Babar, Timor and Semau. Nevertheless, Australian workers have continued to recognize only a single water python species in this country pending resolution of taxonomic problems (Cogger 2014, Wilson and Swan 2017). The range limits of the resulting concept of L. fuscus have been unclear: Barker and Barker (1994) recognized New Guinean and Australian populations as being conspecific, consistent with colour variation reported by McDowell (1975). In contrast Cogger (2014) proposed considering it endemic to Australia. As the holotype belongs to the Queensland-New Guinea clade, D. Equerre (pers. comm. 2018) suggests that New Guinea populations should provisionally be assigned to this species, consistent with the scheme recently adopted in Barker et al. (2018).

" 62232,Morelia spilota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Morelia,spilota,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1804)","Six different subspecies have been recognized in Australia (Barker and Barker 1994), largely based on colour pattern, although the boundaries between many of these are fluid and poorly defined (Cogger 2014). Of there only Morelia spilota imbricata is supported by genetic data and geographic isolation.

This status of populations assigned to this species in New Guinea is unclear (O'Shea 2007). Seven subspecies are typically recognized; the elevation of several to species level by Hoser (2000) was made without comment and has been rejected by subsequent workers (Schleip and O'Shea 2010). Hoser's proposed subspecies Morelia spilota harrisoni is poorly-defined, being based on a small sample with variable characters that overlap with previously recognized M. spilota subspecies, and is considered invalid by Schleip and O'Shea (2010). Additionally, it has been argued that the name Morelia harrisoni was not validly published (Kaiser et al. 2013). Pending resolution of taxonomic issues within New Guinea carpet pythons, it has recently been proposed that all New Guinea representatives of this species should be regarded as M. s. variegata sensu lato (forthcoming New Guinea python book)." 177524,Morelia viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Morelia,viridis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1872)","Molecular analysis conducted by Rawlings and Donnellan (2003) found that Morelia viridis consists of two monophyletic lineages, corresponding to a north-south division in the region of New Guinea's central cordillera. These authors discussed the possibility that these two clades warranted recognition as two distinct species based on the degree of sequence divergence. They were unable to reliably determine range limits due to limited sampling along the apparent contact zone and declined to take taxonomic action pending further analysis, including the more thorough use of nuclear genes with wider geographic sampling. Rawlings and Donnellan (2003) noted that McDowell (1975) did not identify any morphological characters in New Guinean green pythons that appear to correspond to these clades and reported that there was no clear geographic barrier between the two taxa.

The northern clade, which was not named by Rawlings and Donnellan (2003), was associated with the available name Chondropython azureus Meyer, 1874 by Schleip and O'Shea (2010). Barker et al. (2015) coined the combination Morelia azurea for this taxon and designated a neotype, recognizing this taxon as the sister species to M. viridis. As the further research recommended by Rawlings and Donnellan (2003) has not been conducted to confirm the status and distribution limits of M. azurea, it is here retained within M. viridis." 178373,Ramphotyphlops similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,similis,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1934)", 178354,Gerrhopilus mcdowelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,mcdowelli,,,,,"(Wallach, 1996)", 21104612,Holtbyrnia innesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Holtbyrnia,innesi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)",
 18155943,Holtbyrnia macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Holtbyrnia,macrops,,,,,Maul 1957, 21104620,Maulisia acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Maulisia,acuticeps,,,,,"Sazonov, 1976", 199811,Uromastyx macfadyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,macfadyeni,,,,,"Parker, 1932","The precise identity of this species appears to be uncertain. Largen (1997) and Lanza (1990) refer this name to a species found in Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. By contrast Joger (1987) refer records from Eritrea and Djibouti to Uromastyx princeps, an assignment considered in error by Ineich (2001), who considered a specimen from Djibouti referrable to this taxon (as U. ocellata macfadyeni). This situation was discussed by Wilms and Böhme (2007), who found that the Djibouti specimen was referrable to U. ocellata, and that the only specimens available that could be referred to U. macfadyeni are from Somalia. This account therefore follows this source and Wilms et al. (2009) in treating U. macfaydeni as a species endemic to Somalia." 176223,Uromastyx ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,ocellata,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823","The Uromastyx ocellata species group consists of six species, including the recent descriptions U. shobraki and U. yemenensis (Wilms and Schmitz 2007), which can be difficult to distinguish. A further species, U. macfadyeni, is not closely-related (Wilms et al. 2009) but has also sometimes been treated as a synonym of U. ocellata (Wilms and Böhme 2007). The species concept presented here is that of Wilms et al. (2009)." 18155946,Maulisia mauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Maulisia,mauli,,,,,"Parr, 1960", 21751319,Cyptochirus ambiguus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cyptochirus,ambiguus,,,,,"(Kirby, 1828)","

The genus Cyptochirus Lesne, 1900 was recently revalidated from synonymy with Drepanocerus. It is currently considered to comprise four closely related Afrotropical species (ScarabNet 2009). However, there may be some confusion in the taxonomy of these described taxa.

" 21751720,Epirinus asper,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Epirinus,asper,,,,,"Péringuey, 1901",

The genus Epirinus currently comprises 29 species (ScarabNet 2009) with a combined distribution restricted primarily to the coolest climates of South Africa.

21751737,Heteronitis castelnaui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heteronitis,castelnaui,,,,,"(Harold, 1862)",

The genus Heteronitis Gillet 1911 is restricted to the savannas of Africa where it currently comprises five valid species (ScarabNet 2009).

21751790,Megalonitis bohemani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Megalonitis,bohemani,,,,,"(van Lansberge, 1875)","Megalonitis Janssens 1937 is a fairly distinctive, very large-bodied genus that is restricted to southern Africa. Although two species have been described (ScarabNet 2009), it is possible that M. bohemani is a junior synonym of M. gigas (Bertolini 1855). This needs to be determined by comparison of the type and other museum material." 21751814,Onitis tanzaniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,tanzaniensis,,,,,"Ferreira, 1977","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 17, which has radiated throughout the savannas of inter-tropical Africa and is taxonomically difficult. Although O. tanzaniensis currently has taxonomic validity, this assessor considers it to be a synonym of O. proximus Ferreira 1977, which is the preceding species (pp 192-195) in the same publication in which O. tanzaniensis was described. In this 1977 publication, the type locality of O. proximus was described as Amboseli N.P. [National Park] (14 kms W of Ol Tukai). However, in a review of the genus in 1978, the type locality was erroneously cited as Marsabit (also in Kenya)." 21751831,Onitis uncinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,uncinatus,,,,,"Klug, 1855","

The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to Onitis Group 18, which is widespread throughout lowland to upland drier savannas of the Afrotropical region on both deep sands and finer-grained soils. 

" 21751854,Sarophorus punctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sarophorus,punctatus,,,,,"Frolov & Scholtz, 2003","

The genus Sarophorus Erichson 1847 currently comprises nine species with a distribution in the southeast and southwest of Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species belongs to a group of four species restricted to South Africa, three of them centred within the area influenced by winter rainfall.

" 19199882,Amegilla canifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Amegilla,canifrons,,,,,"(Smith, 1854)", 19198821,Anthophora alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,alluaudi,,,,,"Pérez, 1902", 19199548,Anthophora andalusica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,andalusica,,,,,"Pérez, 1902", 19198657,Anthophora balearica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,balearica,,,,,"(Friese, 1896)", 19199572,Anthophora dalmatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,dalmatica,,,,,"Pérez, 1902", 19198463,Anthophora laevigata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,laevigata,,,,,"Spinola, 1808",The status of this taxon remains unclear. 19199603,Anthophora lanzarotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,lanzarotensis,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1993)", 19199328,Anthophora lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,lieftincki,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1993)", 19199068,Anthophora orotavae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,orotavae,,,,,"(Saunders, 1904)", 19199630,Anthophora porphyrea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,porphyrea,,,,,"Westrich, 1993","Westrich (1993) does not provide a subgenus for this species, but indicates that it is close to A. scopippes, a north African species, in the subgenus Pyganthophora." 19199380,Anthophora pruinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,pruinosa,,,,,"Smith, 1854", 19199081,Anthophora pulverosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,pulverosa,,,,,"Smith, 1854", 19199424,Anthophora punctilabris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,punctilabris,,,,,"Pérez, 1879", 19198403,Anthophora purpuraria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,purpuraria,,,,,"Westrich, 1993","The taxonomic status of this species remains confusing. Westrich (1993) did not assign the species to any known subgenus." 19198727,Anthophora senicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,senicula,,,,,"Pérez, 1902", 19199457,Anthophora sichelii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,sichelii,,,,,"Radoszkowski, 1869","This species belongs to the group of rogenhoferi species group, where the species relationships are not yet clarified. However, within this group, A. sichelii is the only one that shows a golden to reddish colour pattern instead of a grey one, making it a species that is easy to identify." 19198770,Anthophora thomsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,thomsoni,,,,,"Saunders, 1882","The status of this species is still unclear. It belongs to the A. persica group, whose species relationships remain unsettled." 19198465,Anthophora uniciliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,uniciliata,,,,,"Sichel, 1860","The status of this species is unclear. It could be a synonym of either A. affinis or A. mucida." 21108245,Maulisia microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Maulisia,microlepis,,,,,"Sazonov & Golovan, 1976",


21879162,Onitis parainflaticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,parainflaticollis,,,,,"Ferreira, 1977","The genus Onitis Fabricius 1798 is widespread in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. It is divided into 20 species groups of which 13 groups and 130 species are represented in Africa (ScarabNet 2009). This species is in Onitis Group 12 that comprises only two species. O. parainflaticollis was only described in 1977, possibly due to its rarity." 21110389,Apletodon pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Apletodon,pellegrini,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1925)", 18155949,Normichthys operosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Normichthys,operosus,,,,,"Parr, 1951", 21110501,Chorisochismus dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Chorisochismus,dentex,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 198606,Diplecogaster bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Diplecogaster,bimaculata,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 21110616,Eckloniaichthys scylliorhiniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Eckloniaichthys,scylliorhiniceps,,,,,"Smith, 1943", 21110692,Lecanogaster chrysea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lecanogaster,chrysea,,,,,"Briggs, 1957", 198776,Lepadogaster purpurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadogaster,purpurea,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","Lepadogaster lepadogaster was separated in two subspecies (Brigg 1986): L. l. lepadogaster in the Mediterranean region only, and L. l. purpurea in the western Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic.

In 2002, Henriques et al. investigated the relationships between L. l. lepadogaster, L. l. purpurea and L. zebrina. They noted significant differences in microhabitat preferences and their breeding seasons between the two subspecies. They concluded that L. l. purpurea is a valid species, L. purpurea (Bonnaterre, 1788), different from L. l. lepadogaster, which is now designated L. lepadogaster (Bonnaterre, 1788). Lepadogaster zebrina was found to be a synonym of L. lepadogaster." 21110723,Opeatogenys cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Opeatogenys,cadenati,,,,,"Briggs, 1957", 21110117,Hoplostethus cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,cadenati,,,,,"Quéro, 1974", 21110190,Hoplostethus melanopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,melanopus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 190217,Platytroctes apus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Platytroctes,apus,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 21132889,Aristostomias grimaldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Aristostomias,grimaldii,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1913", 21132898,Aristostomias polydactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Aristostomias,polydactylus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21132901,Aristostomias xenostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Aristostomias,xenostoma,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21132906,Astronesthes caulophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,caulophorus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1929", 18256447,Astronesthes gemmifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,gemmifer,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 21132910,Astronesthes indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,indicus,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 190229,Astronesthes leucopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,leucopogon,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1929", 190360,Astronesthes macropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,macropogon,,,,,"Goodyear & Gibbs, 1970", 21132914,Astronesthes micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,micropogon,,,,,"Goodyear & Gibbs, 1970", 21132917,Astronesthes neopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,neopogon,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1929", 190361,Astronesthes niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,niger,,,,,"Richardson, 1845", 190435,Astronesthes zharovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,zharovi,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1998", 21132922,Bathophilus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,ater,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)",This species was originally described as Dactylostomias ater. 21132928,Bathophilus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,brevis,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 18256458,Bathophilus digitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,digitatus,,,,,"(Welsh, 1923)", 21132931,Bathophilus irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,irregularis,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 21132935,Bathophilus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,longipinnis,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1912)", 198761,Bathophilus nigerrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,nigerrimus,,,,,"Giglioli, 1882", 21132953,Bathophilus pawneei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,pawneei,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 18256490,Bathophilus vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,vaillanti,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1911)", 198762,Borostomias antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Borostomias,antarcticus,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1905)", 21132963,Borostomias elucens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Borostomias,elucens,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 190359,Borostomias mononema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Borostomias,mononema,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1929)", 190203,Chauliodus danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,danae,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1929", 21132976,Chauliodus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,minimus,,,,,"Parin & Novikova, 1974", 21132979,Chauliodus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,schmidti,,,,,"Ege, 1948", 190324,Chauliodus sloani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,sloani,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801", 190291,Chirostomias pliopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chirostomias,pliopterus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 18256560,Echiostoma barbatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Echiostoma,barbatum,,,,,"Lowe, 1843", 190108,Eustomias achirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,achirus,,,,,"Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1974", 190371,Eustomias bimargaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bimargaritatus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21132983,Eustomias dendriticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,dendriticus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21132986,Eustomias enbarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,enbarbatus,,,,,"Welsh, 1923", 18256883,Eustomias filifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,filifer,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1906)", 21132989,Eustomias fissibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,fissibarbis,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1912)", 21132997,Eustomias lipochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,lipochirus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21133000,Eustomias macronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,macronema,,,,,Regan & Trewavas 1930, 21133003,Eustomias melanonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,melanonema,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190434,Eustomias melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,melanostigma,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 18256943,Eustomias obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,obscurus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1884", 21133006,Eustomias patulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,patulus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21133010,Eustomias schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,schmidti,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21133013,Eustomias triramis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,triramis,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 18256992,Flagellostomias boureei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Flagellostomias,boureei,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1913)", 21133018,Grammatostomias dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Grammatostomias,dentatus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 21133028,Heterophotus ophistoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Heterophotus,ophistoma,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1929", 21133032,Idiacanthus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Idiacanthus,atlanticus,,,,,"Brauer, 1906", 18257198,Idiacanthus fasciola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Idiacanthus,fasciola,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 18257269,Leptostomias gladiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,gladiator,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1911)", 21133035,Leptostomias haplocaulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,haplocaulus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21133039,Leptostomias longibarba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,longibarba,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930","Leptostomias gracilis, Leptostomias macropogon,Leptostomias longibarba, Leptostomias bermudensis, Leptostomias analis and Leptostomias leptobolus are probably synonyms of a single species. The entire complex needs a thorough study (Gibbs and Barnett 1990)." 190149,Malacosteus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Malacosteus,niger,,,,,"Ayres, 1848", 18257303,Melanostomias bartonbeani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,bartonbeani,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 190103,Melanostomias biseriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,biseriatus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 18257306,Melanostomias macrophotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,macrophotus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21133042,Melanostomias melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,melanopogon,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21133045,Melanostomias niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,niger,,,,,"Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924", 21133050,Melanostomias tentaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,tentaculatus,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1930)", 18257331,Neonesthes capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Neonesthes,capensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924)", 21133058,Neonesthes microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Neonesthes,microcephalus,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 21133064,Odontostomias masticopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Odontostomias,masticopogon,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 21133067,Odontostomias micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Odontostomias,micropogon,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 21133076,Opostomias micripnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Opostomias,micripnus,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)",This species was first described as Echiostoma micripnus. 18257417,Pachystomias microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Pachystomias,microdon,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 21133091,Photonectes braueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,braueri,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1913)", 21133099,Photonectes dinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,dinema,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190370,Photonectes leucospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,leucospilus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21133108,Photonectes margarita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,margarita,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 21133116,Photonectes mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,mirabilis,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 190302,Photostomias guernei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photostomias,guernei,,,,,"Collett, 1889", 18257501,Rhadinesthes decimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Rhadinesthes,decimus,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1911)", 21133121,Stomias affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,affinis,,,,,"Günther, 1887", 198563,Stomias boa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,boa,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 18257533,Stomias brevibarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,brevibarbatus,,,,,"Ege, 1918", 21133131,Stomias lampropeltis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,lampropeltis,,,,,"Gibbs, 1969", 18257655,Stomias longibarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,longibarbatus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 21133167,Thysanactis dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Thysanactis,dentex,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 21112742,Zu elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Zu,elongatus,,,,,"Heemstra & Kannemeyer, 1984",The Trachipteridae family needs revision (Olney in press). 190073,Desmodema polystictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Desmodema,polystictum,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1898)",The Trachipteridae family needs revision (Olney in press). 18123960,Anoplogaster cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOPLOGASTRIDAE,Anoplogaster,cornuta,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 21112785,Antennarius pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennarius,pardalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 21110276,Barbourisia rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,BARBOURISIIDAE,Barbourisia,rufa,,,,,"Parr, 1945", 198578,Beryx decadactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Beryx,decadactylus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 18127809,Bufoceratias wedli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,DICERATIIDAE,Bufoceratias,wedli,,,,,"(Pietschmann, 1926)", 198633,Callanthias ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLANTHIIDAE,Callanthias,ruber,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 198634,Callionymus lyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,lyra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 198640,Campogramma glaycos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Campogramma,glaycos,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 198557,Capros aper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAPROIDAE,Capros,aper,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 21112867,Caulophryne polynema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CAULOPHRYNIDAE,Caulophryne,polynema,,,,,Regan 1930, 18127741,Ceratias holboelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CERATIIDAE,Ceratias,holboelli,,,,,"Krøyer, 1845", 21112879,Ceratias uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CERATIIDAE,Ceratias,uranoscopus,,,,,"Murray, 1877", 190064,Chaunax pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,pictus,,,,,"Lowe, 1846",This species may be a misidentification of C. suttkus. 190067,Cryptopsaras couesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CERATIIDAE,Cryptopsaras,couesii,,,,,"Gill, 1883", 190137,Diretmichthys parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,DIRETMIDAE,Diretmichthys,parini,,,,,"(Post & Quéro, 1981)", 21110056,Diretmoides pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,DIRETMIDAE,Diretmoides,pauciradiatus,,,,,"(Woods, 1973)", 21112967,Dolopichthys dinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dolopichthys,dinema,,,,,"Pietsch, 1972", 21112990,Draculo shango,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Draculo,shango,,,,,"(Davis & Robins, 1966)",Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of Callionymidae as unsettled and the genera as poorly defined. 21112836,Fowlerichthys senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Fowlerichthys,senegalensis,,,,,"(Cadenat, 1959)", 21777393,Halieutaea hancocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,hancocki,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 18127836,Himantolophus groenlandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,groenlandicus,,,,,"Reinhardt, 1837", 21112889,Linophryne arborifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,arborifera,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 21112898,Linophryne pennibarbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,pennibarbata,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1980", 21112909,Lophiodes kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,kempi,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 198609,Lophius budegassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophius,budegassa,,,,,"Spinola, 1807", 198610,Lophius piscatorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophius,piscatorius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 18127840,Melanocetus johnsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,MELANOCETIDAE,Melanocetus,johnsonii,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 21112977,Oneirodes theodoritissieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,theodoritissieri,,,,,"Belloc, 1938", 21112632,Radiicephalus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,RADIICEPHALIDAE,Radiicephalus,elongatus,,,,,"Osório, 1917", 21112669,Stylephorus chordatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,STYLEPHORIDAE,Stylephorus,chordatus,,,,,"Shaw, 1791", 198638,Synchiropus phaeton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,phaeton,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)",Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of Callionymidae as unsettled and the genera as poorly defined. 198608,Trachipterus trachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Trachipterus,trachypterus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",The Trachipteridae family needs revision (Olney in press). 190346,Zu cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Zu,cristatus,,,,,"(Bonelli, 1819)",The Trachipteridae family needs revision (Olney in press). 183156,Awaous lateristriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,lateristriga,,,,,"(Duméril, 1861)","About eleven species are recognized in Watson (1992) included Chonophorus and Euctenogobius as subgenera of Awaous. Watson (1996) recognizes one species, A. (Chonophorus) lateristriga from West Africa." 2621,Bathygobius burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,burtoni,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1875)", 186078,Bathygobius casamancus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,casamancus,,,,,"(Rochebrune, 1880)", 182363,Bostrychus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bostrychus,africanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","According to Maugé (1986), reports of the Western Atlantic species Guavina guavina from Senegal are probably based on misidentifications of Bostrychus africanus" 183176,Butis koilomatodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Butis,koilomatodon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 21129297,Caffrogobius nudiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caffrogobius,nudiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 21129628,Caffrogobius saldanha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caffrogobius,saldanha,,,,,"(Barnard, 1927)", 21128493,Chaetodipterus lippei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPHIPPIDAE,Chaetodipterus,lippei,,,,,"Steindachner, 1895", 21114995,Cirrhitus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitus,atlanticus,,,,,"Osório, 1893", 21130020,Corcyrogobius lubbocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Corcyrogobius,lubbocki,,,,,"Miller, 1988", 21130060,Ctenogobius lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,lepturus,,,,,"(Pfaff, 1933)", 198671,Dicentrarchus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MORONIDAE,Dicentrarchus,punctatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)", 21130112,Didogobius wirtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Didogobius,wirtzi,,,,,"Schliewen & Kovačić, 2008", 181797,Dormitator lebretonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Dormitator,lebretonis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)", 21115107,Drepane africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DREPANEIDAE,Drepane,africana,,,,,"Osório, 1892", 21128487,Emmelichthys nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Emmelichthys,nitidus,,,,,"Richardson, 1845","E. cyanescens, previously considered a synonym of E. nitidus, has recently been recognized as a valid species (Fricke et al. 2014 description of marisrubri)." 21128498,Ephippus goreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPHIPPIDAE,Ephippus,goreensis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1831", 21129279,Gerres nigri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,nigri,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 21131962,Girella zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Girella,zonata,,,,,"Günther, 1859","Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families.

Girella stuebeli was originally described by Troschel (1866) as a different species from Girella zonata, however, the ontogenetic or intraspecific variations are also shown in several species of Girella. Also, there are no substantial morphological character differences recognized. Thus, Girella stuebeli is regarded as a junior synonym of Girella zonata." 21130133,Gobioides africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobioides,africanus,,,,,"(Giltay, 1935)", 182933,Gobioides sagitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobioides,sagitta,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 21130147,Gobius ateriformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,ateriformis,,,,,"Brito & Miller, 2001", 198660,Gobius cruentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,cruentatus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","Gobius strictus Fage, 1907 is considered a synonym of C. cruentatus according to Miller (1986) and Kovačić (2004)." 198570,Gobius niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,niger,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 198662,Gobius paganellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,paganellus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 21130156,Gobius rubropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,rubropunctatus,,,,,"Delais, 1951", 21130171,Gobius senegambiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,senegambiensis,,,,,"Metzelaar, 1919", 21130177,Gobius tetrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,tetrophthalmus,,,,,"Brito & Miller, 2001", 21130196,Gorogobius nigricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gorogobius,nigricinctus,,,,,"(Delais, 1951)", 190285,Ichthyococcus ovatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Ichthyococcus,ovatus,,,,,"(Cocco, 1838)", 198665,Lesueurigobius friesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lesueurigobius,friesii,,,,,"(Malm, 1874)", 21130837,Lesueurigobius koumansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lesueurigobius,koumansi,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 18160428,Lesueurigobius sanzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lesueurigobius,sanzi,,,,,"(de Buen, 1918)", 186069,Mauligobius nigri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mauligobius,nigri,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 21132133,Microdesmus aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,aethiopicus,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1927)", 21132139,Microdesmus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Microdesmus,africanus,,,,,"Dawson, 1979", 21130857,Nematogobius brachynemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Nematogobius,brachynemus,,,,,"Pfaff, 1933", 183170,Nematogobius maindroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Nematogobius,maindroni,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)", 18158583,Nesiarchus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Nesiarchus,nasutus,,,,,"Johnson, 1862", 182285,Periophthalmus barbarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,barbarus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 21132848,Phosichthys argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Phosichthys,argenteus,,,,,"Hutton, 1872", 190087,Pollichthys mauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Pollichthys,mauli,,,,,"(Poll, 1953)", 18252941,Polymetme corythaeola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Polymetme,corythaeola,,,,,"(Alcock, 1898)", 183175,Porogobius schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Porogobius,schlegelii,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)",Gobius pappenheimi is a questionable synonym of Porogobius schlegelii (Eschmeyer 2013). 21130871,Sufflogobius bibarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sufflogobius,bibarbatus,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1923)", 21130938,Thorogobius angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Thorogobius,angolensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 21130959,Thorogobius rofeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Thorogobius,rofeni,,,,,"Miller, 1988", 198758,Vinciguerria attenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Vinciguerria,attenuata,,,,,"(Cocco, 1838)", 18252952,Vinciguerria nimbaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Vinciguerria,nimbaria,,,,,"(Jordan & Williams, 1895)", 198759,Vinciguerria poweriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Vinciguerria,poweriae,,,,,"(Cocco, 1838)", 21131347,Wheelerigobius maltzani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Wheelerigobius,maltzani,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)", 21131356,Wheelerigobius wirtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Wheelerigobius,wirtzi,,,,,"Miller, 1988", 21132856,Yarrella blackfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Yarrella,blackfordi,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 181933,Yongeichthys thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Yongeichthys,thomasi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 18253276,Argyropelecus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyropelecus,aculeatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850", 190118,Argyropelecus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyropelecus,affinis,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 18253282,Argyropelecus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyropelecus,gigas,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 18253287,Argyropelecus olfersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyropelecus,olfersii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",This species is sometimes referred to as Argyropelecus olfersi. 21132859,Argyropelecus sladeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyropelecus,sladeni,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 198760,Maurolicus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,muelleri,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Maurolicus muelleri is recognized here in the restricted sense based on the most recent review of the genus by Parin and Kobyliansky (1993). 21132882,Maurolicus walvisensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,walvisensis,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993", 190313,Maurolicus weitzmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,weitzmani,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993", 21132879,Polyipnus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,polli,,,,,"Schultz, 1961", 18253296,Sternoptyx diaphana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Sternoptyx,diaphana,,,,,"Hermann, 1781", 190145,Sternoptyx pseudobscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Sternoptyx,pseudobscura,,,,,"Baird, 1971", 18253303,Valenciennellus tripunctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Valenciennellus,tripunctulatus,,,,,"(Esmark, 1871)", 196814,Carlarius latiscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Carlarius,latiscutatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 196815,Carlarius parkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Carlarius,parkii,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Marceniuk and Menezes (2007) reviewed the phylogeny of the Ariidae and applied the genus Carlarius to this species. Historically, misidentifications of species in the genus Arius were common: for example, Golani and Sonin (1996) reidentified a specimen reportedly of A. thalassinus as A. parkii. Further, many records of this species have been reported as Arius heudelotii (Taylor 1990)." 21132808,Melamphaes eulepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,eulepis,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 21132815,Melamphaes hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,hubbsi,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 21132819,Melamphaes leprus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,leprus,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 21132822,Melamphaes simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,simus,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 190239,Poromitra crassiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,crassiceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 198571,Centrolophus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Centrolophus,niger,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Preliminary molecular studies suggest that the genus Schedophilus is not monophyletic (Milana et al. 2011) 21113874,Cheilodactylus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHEILODACTYLIDAE,Cheilodactylus,fasciatus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803","The family Cheilodactylidae has long been the subject of taxonomic debate along with its type species, Cheilodactylus fasciatus. Recently, Ludt and colleagues (2019) performed extensive taxonomic sampling analyzing morphological characters and molecular data and determined C. fasciatus is a valid species." 190310,Chiasmodon niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Chiasmodon,niger,,,,,"Johnson, 1864","The taxonomy of C. niger does not appear to be resolved; while Melo (2009) recognizes seven species in the genus, Prokofiev and Kukuev (2009) placed many of these species in synonymy with C. niger, only recognizing two species in genus." 21113900,Dysalotus alcocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Dysalotus,alcocki,,,,,"MacGilchrist, 1905", 21113907,Kali parri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Kali,parri,,,,,Johnson & Cohen 1974, 154924,Notopogon macrosolen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Notopogon,macrosolen,,,,,"Barnard, 1925", 21113133,Schedophilus huttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Schedophilus,huttoni,,,,,"(Waite, 1910)", 21113146,Schedophilus velaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Schedophilus,velaini,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)","Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) lists Schedophilus labrinthicus a distinct species. Eschmeyer lists Schedophilus labrinthicus as a synonym (Milana et al. 2011)." 21113904,Kali indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Kali,indica,,,,,"Lloyd, 1909", 18127641,Trachipterus arcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Trachipterus,arcticus,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1788)",The Trachipteridae family needs revision (Olney and Hartel 2016). 18257696,Grammicolepis brachiusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,GRAMMICOLEPIDIDAE,Grammicolepis,brachiusculus,,,,,"Poey, 1873", 1587,Murexia naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Murexia,naso,,,,,"(Jentink, 1911)","Groves (2005) placed this species in the genus Phascomurexia following a morphocladistic analysis by Van Dyck (2002). Genetic work, however, strongly supports the placement of this species within Murexia (Armstrong et al. 1998; Krajewski et al. 2000, 2007)." 13931,Murexia rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Murexia,rothschildi,,,,,"Tate, 1938","Groves (2005) placed this species in the genus Paramurexia following a morphocladistic analysis by Van Dyck (2002). Genetic work, however, strongly supports the placement of this species within Murexia (Armstrong et al. 1998; Krajewski et al. 2000, 2007)." 1589,Murexia habbema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Murexia,habbema,,,,,"(Tate & Archbold, 1941)","Groves (2005) placed this species in the genus Micromurexia following a morphocladistic analysis by Van Dyck (2002). Genetic work, however, strongly supports the placement of this species within Murexia (Armstrong et al. 1998; Krajewski et al. 2000, 2007).

Murexia habbema potentially represents two allopatric species: the subspecies M. h. habbema of the western part of the range (Snow and Star Mountains), and subspecies M. h. hageni of the eastern part of the range (eastern highlands from Mounts Giluwe, Sisa, and Hagen to northern Central Province, Papua New Guinea) (Helgen 2007)." 1591,Murexia melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Murexia,melanurus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1899)","Groves (2005) placed this species in the genus Murexechinus following a morphocladistic analysis by Van Dyck (2002). Genetic work, however, strongly supports the placement of this species within Murexia (Armstrong et al. 1998; Krajewski et al. 2000, 2007).

R.F. Peterson collected a specimen in 1956 from highland forest on the island of Normanby in the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) that Brass (1959) assigned to Murexia longicaudata. Van Dyck (2002) considered this specimen to be M. melanurus. Given the uncertainty surrounding this specimen, we have not mapped the species on Normanby (see also Flannery 1995)." 13930,Murexia longicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Murexia,longicaudata,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)", 40527,Dasykaluta rosamondae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasykaluta,rosamondae,,,,,"(Ride, 1964)", 16894,Phascolosorex dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Phascolosorex,dorsalis,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1876)","Phascolosorex dorsalis represents a species complex that will likely be split into P. dorsalis, endemic to the Arfak Mountains, and P. brevicaudata from the remaining range (with P. b. whartoni as a distinctive subspecies) (K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 16893,Phascolosorex doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Phascolosorex,doriae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1886)", 1581,Antechinomys laniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinomys,laniger,,,,,"(Gould, 1856)","

Two subspecies or ‘forms’ (originally described as full species) have been described, Antechinomys laniger laniger (eastern Australia) and A. l. spenceri (western Australia). Lidicker and Marlow (1970) supported retention of the two species, but Archer (1977) concluded that the differences between the two described species were clinal and considered that Antechinomys is a monotypic genus containing only A. laniger, with two allopatric forms, the nominate form and the 'spenceri' form. These subspecies (or ‘forms’) have not been tested using modern molecular methods, and are not accepted here.

" 14541,Neophascogale lorentzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Neophascogale,lorentzii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1911)", 40531,Ningaui yvonneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Ningaui,yvonneae,,,,,"Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry, 1983", 40529,Ningaui ridei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Ningaui,ridei,,,,,"Archer, 1975", 40530,Ningaui timealeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Ningaui,timealeyi,,,,,"Archer, 1975", 6265,Dasyuroides byrnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasyuroides,byrnei,,,,,"Spencer, 1896", 16888,Phascogale calura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Phascogale,calura,,,,,"Gould, 1844", 16889,Phascogale pirata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Phascogale,pirata,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)","Phascogale pirata is considered a subspecies of P. tapoatafa by Groves (2005). Recent taxonomic work, however, suggests that P. tapoatafa sensu lato is composed of more than one species, including P. pirata, which is treated here as distinct (Rhind et al. 2001, Spencer et al. 2001; for comments, see Rhind et al. 2008)." 16138,Parantechinus apicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Parantechinus,apicalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)",No subspecies are recognised. 40535,Planigale maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Planigale,maculata,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)","Populations formerly attributed to this species from the Barrow Island and the Pilbara are now thought to represent one or two undescribed species (N. Cooper pers. comm.). These populations are not mapped, following the precedent of Burnett (2008). Furthermore, the population in the Northern Territory is also probably a separate species, and populations in the Kimberley appear to represent a species complex containing as many as three species (N. Cooper pers. comm.)." 40536,Planigale tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Planigale,tenuirostris,,,,,"Troughton, 1928", 40533,Planigale gilesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Planigale,gilesi,,,,,"Aitken, 1972", 40534,Planigale ingrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Planigale,ingrami,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)", 17474,Planigale novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Planigale,novaeguineae,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1941", 136839,Myoictis wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Myoictis,wallacei,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)","Myoictis wallacei has previously been considered to be a subspecies of M. melas (e.g., Flannery 1995a, b). Recently it has been shown to be distinct morphologically and genetically (Woolley 2005, Westerman et al. 2006)." 14086,Myoictis melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Myoictis,melas,,,,,"(Müller, 1840)",Myoictis melas may represent a species complex. 136829,Myoictis wavicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Myoictis,wavicus,,,,,"Tate, 1947","Myoictis wavicus was previously considered to be a subspecies of M. melas (e.g., Flannery 1995, Groves 2005). It was recently elevated to full species status based on morphological and genetic examinations (Woolley 2005, Westerman et al. 2006). It is most closely related to M. leucura (Westerman et al. 2006)." 136449,Myoictis leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Myoictis,leucura,,,,,"Woolley, 2005","This species was recently described, being distinct morphologically (Woolley 2005) and genetically (Westerman et al. 2006) from other members of the genus Myoictis. It is most closely related to M. wavicus (Westerman et al. 2006)." 40636,Pseudantechinus bilarni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Pseudantechinus,bilarni,,,,,"(Johnson, 1954)","According to Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) and Nowak (1999) Parantechinus bilarni is a good species. However, this species has been transferred to Pseudantechinus following the Australasian Marsupial Specialist Group (Maxwell et al.1996)." 40539,Pseudantechinus woolleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Pseudantechinus,woolleyae,,,,,"Kitchener & Caputi, 1988", 18447,Pseudantechinus mimulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Pseudantechinus,mimulus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)","This species is treated as synonym of Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis (see Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993), but recognised as a valid species by Kitchener (1991), and subsequently is generally accepted (e.g., Maxwell et al. 1996)." 40537,Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Pseudantechinus,macdonnellensis,,,,,"(Spencer, 1895)",Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis represents a species complex (M. Westerman pers. comm.). 40538,Pseudantechinus ningbing,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Pseudantechinus,ningbing,,,,,"Kitchener, 1988", 136620,Pseudantechinus roryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Pseudantechinus,roryi,,,,,"Cooper, Aplin & Adams, 2000","Recent genetic research suggests that this taxon may contain up to three separate species (M. Westerman pers. comm.). Specifically, isolated populations occurring on Barrow Island and in Cape Range are genetically distinct and might be considered separate species in the future (M. Westerman pers. comm.). Cooper et al. (2000) note that the specimens from Barrow Island were not in ideal shape and were only speculatively assigned to Pseudantechinus roryi." 6266,Dasycercus cristicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasycercus,cristicauda,,,,,"(Krefft, 1867)","

The taxonomy of Dasycercus has been confusing, but is now resolved (Woolley 2005). Historically, three species, D. cristicauda, D. hillieri and D. blythi, have been described; were then synonymized (under D. cristicauda); and re-split (to Mulgara D. cristicauda and Ampurta D. hillieri). However, Woolley (2005) demonstrated that the correct names for the two species were Crest-tailed Mulgara D. cristicauda and Brush-tailed Mulgara D. blythi, and that there was no straightforward linkage between the previously applied ascription of names and the current classification (in many to most cases, what was referred to previously as D. cristicauda is now considered to be D. blythi, and what was previously referred to as D. hillieri is now D. cristicauda); with the issue further clouded by co-occurrence across some regions. Many observations or studies in which voucher specimens were not collected are now ambiguous; however, Woolley (2006) provided interpretation of the currently-accepted nomenclature to names used in a series of previous studies.

For the Crest-tailed Mulgara D. cristicauda, there are no subspecies

" 6267,Dasycercus blythi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasycercus,blythi,,,,,"(Waite, 1904)","Dasycercus blythi was originally described as distinct from D. cristicauda, but for more than thirty years it was assumed to be synonymous with that species (e.g., Groves 1993, 2005; Woolley 1995; Maxwell et al. 1996). Adams et al. (2000) conducted a limited molecular study of the genus Dasycercus and determined that there were two species to which the names D. cristicauda and D. hillieri were assigned. It has since been established that the correct names for the two species are D. blythi and D. cristicauda (Woolley 2005)." 1583,Antechinus godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,godmani,,,,,"(Thomas, 1923)", 1584,Antechinus leo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,leo,,,,,"Van Dyck, 1980", 136755,Antechinus subtropicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,subtropicus,,,,,"Van Dyck & Crowther, 2000",Antechinus subtropicus was previously considered to be a subspecies of A. stuartii. Van Dyck and Crowther (2000) raised it to species rank. 40524,Antechinus flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,flavipes,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)",According to Van Dyck and Crowther (2000) Antechinus flavipes represents a species complex. 41508,Antechinus swainsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,swainsonii,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1840)", 40523,Antechinus bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,bellus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 136555,Antechinus adustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,adustus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1923)",Antechinus adustus was previously considered to be a subspecies of A. stuartii. Van Dyck and Crowther (2000) raised it to species rank. 1590,Antechinus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,agilis,,,,,"Dickman, Parnaby, Crowther & King, 1998","The Agile Antechinus from southern Victoria and south-eastern NSW, identified by Dickman et al. (1988), has been included although it has not yet been formally described." 40526,Antechinus stuartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,stuartii,,,,,"Macleay, 1841","According to Van Dyck and Crowther (2000) this taxon represents a species complex, out of which Antechinus adustus and A. subtropicus have already been split." 40525,Antechinus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Antechinus,minimus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)", 6300,Dasyurus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasyurus,maculatus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)",The subspecific classification of the mainland populations is currently under review. The Tasmanian population has also been proposed as being a distinct subspecies (Firestone et al. 1999). 6299,Dasyurus albopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasyurus,albopunctatus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1880", 6301,Dasyurus spartacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasyurus,spartacus,,,,,"Van Dyck, 1988", 6296,Dasyurus viverrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasyurus,viverrinus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1800)", 6295,Dasyurus hallucatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasyurus,hallucatus,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 6294,Dasyurus geoffroii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Dasyurus,geoffroii,,,,,"Gould, 1841","Two subspecies have been described: Dasyurus g. geoffroii from central Australia and D. g. fortis from south-western Australia. It seems unlikely that there are two subspecies of D. geoffroii, as minor differences between animals from south-western Australia and those from central and eastern Australia are likely to have been clinal and we do not consider D. g. fortis to be valid. Mitochondrial control region DNA evidence indicates that D. geoffroii is very closely related to the Bronze Quoll D. spartacus of southern New Guinea, with less divergence evident between these two taxa than is seen between populations within both Spotted-tailed Quoll D. maculatus and Northern Quoll D. hallucatus (Firestone 2000). This supports the suggestion that there are no valid subspecies within Dasyurus geoffroii and that D. spartacus may be conspecific with D. geoffroii." 20293,Sminthopsis psammophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,psammophila,,,,,"Spencer, 1895", 20295,Sminthopsis butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,butleri,,,,,"Archer, 1979", 20296,Sminthopsis archeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,archeri,,,,,"Van Dyck, 1986", 40543,Sminthopsis gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,gilberti,,,,,"Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry, 1984", 20290,Sminthopsis douglasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,douglasi,,,,,"Archer, 1979", 40544,Sminthopsis hirtipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,hirtipes,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 41509,Sminthopsis granulipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,granulipes,,,,,"Troughton, 1932", 40541,Sminthopsis crassicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,crassicaudata,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 41510,Sminthopsis griseoventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,griseoventer,,,,,"Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry, 1984","It has long thought that there is a single Sminthopsis species on Boullanger Island. Crowther et al. (1999) described the taxon as a subspecies, Sminthopsis griseoventer boullangerensis. In so doing, they provided strong arguments for considering the taxon as a separate species based on allozyme data, morphometrics, morphological features, and some aspects of mtDNA sequence frequencies between S. griseoventer and island populations. Groves (2005) recognized the island taxon as a separate species, S. boullangerensis, citing these data and the authors' statement that their treatment of the taxon as a subspecies is ""conservative"". Crother et al. (1999), however, go on to detail what information would be needed to satisfactorily resolve the taxonomic issue including definitive evidence of whether their S. g. boullangerensis occurs on the mainland in sympatry with S. griseoventer, and analysis of allozymes and DNA from northern populations of mainly S. griseoventer. We follow Crother et al. (1999) here until further information becomes available, and we emphasize the urgent need to definitively settle this taxonomic question." 40542,Sminthopsis dolichura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,dolichura,,,,,"Kitchener, Stoddart & Henry, 1984", 40549,Sminthopsis virginiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,virginiae,,,,,"(Tarragon, 1847)", 40550,Sminthopsis youngsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,youngsoni,,,,,"McKenzie & Archer, 1982", 40551,Sminthopsis bindi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,bindi,,,,,"Van Dyck, Woinarski & Press, 1994", 40545,Sminthopsis longicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,longicaudata,,,,,"Spencer, 1909", 40546,Sminthopsis macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,macroura,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)",Sminthopsis macroura likely represents at least three separate species (Blacket et al. 2001). 40547,Sminthopsis murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,murina,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)", 40548,Sminthopsis ooldea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,ooldea,,,,,"Troughton, 1965", 21866,Thylacinus cynocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,THYLACINIDAE,Thylacinus,cynocephalus,,,,,"(Harris, 1808)",No subspecies are recognised. 14222,Myrmecobius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,MYRMECOBIIDAE,Myrmecobius,fasciatus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1836","

No Subspecies are recognised. The Numbat is the sole member of the Family Myrmecobiidae. Two subspecies have been described: Myrmecobius f. fasciatus from south-western Australia M. f. rufus from central Australia, the latter, if valid, being extinct. As the former distribution was more or less continuous the subspecies are unlikely to be valid and  M. f. rufus was not evaluated  in the 2012 Action Plan for Australian mammals.

" 136218,Ailurops melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Ailurops,melanotis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 40637,Ailurops ursinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Ailurops,ursinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 20639,Spilocuscus rufoniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Spilocuscus,rufoniger,,,,,"(Zimara, 1937)",Synonym = Phalanger atrimaculatus. 20638,Spilocuscus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Spilocuscus,papuensis,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)", 136443,Spilocuscus wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Spilocuscus,wilsoni,,,,,"Helgen & Flannery, 2004", 20637,Spilocuscus kraemeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Spilocuscus,kraemeri,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1910)",Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated it as a probable synonym of S. maculatus. 20636,Spilocuscus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Spilocuscus,maculatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1803)", 23091,Wyulda squamicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Wyulda,squamicaudata,,,,,"Alexander, 1919", 16857,Phalanger intercastellanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,intercastellanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1895","Populations from the Cape York Peninsula, Australia are now allocated to Phalanger mimicus (Norris and Musser 2001)." 16858,Phalanger alexandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,alexandrae,,,,,"Flannery & Boeadi, 1995",Recorded as Phalanger sp. in Flannery (1995). Previously considered to be conspecific with P. ornatus. 16850,Phalanger vestitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,vestitus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1877)",The four widely separated subpopulations of Phalanger vestitus are distinctive and its taxonomy needs to be re-evaluated (K. Helgen pers. comm.). 16851,Phalanger matanim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,matanim,,,,,"Flannery, 1987", 16852,Phalanger rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,rothschildi,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 16853,Phalanger carmelitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,carmelitae,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 16854,Phalanger ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,ornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)",Populations from the islands of Ternate and Tidore are now assigned to Phalanger matabiru. 136200,Phalanger matabiru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,matabiru,,,,,"Flannery & Boeadi, 1995", 16855,Phalanger sericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,sericeus,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 16856,Phalanger gymnotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,gymnotis,,,,,"Peters & Doria, 1875",The taxonomy of this species requires careful review; more than one species (perhaps a highland and lowland species) may be represented here (Helgen 2007). 16846,Phalanger lullulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,lullulae,,,,,"Thomas, 1896", 16847,Phalanger orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,orientalis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 136450,Phalanger mimicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Phalanger,mimicus,,,,,"Thomas, 1922", 20890,Strigocuscus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Strigocuscus,celebensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)", 20892,Strigocuscus pelengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Strigocuscus,pelengensis,,,,,"(Tate, 1945)",Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) listed this species as Phalanger pelengensis. 40557,Trichosurus caninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Trichosurus,caninus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1836)", 136256,Trichosurus cunninghami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Trichosurus,cunninghami,,,,,"Lindenmayer, Dubach & Viggers, 2002", 40585,Trichosurus vulpecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHALANGERIDAE,Trichosurus,vulpecula,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","Populations from Barrow Island, the edge of the Pilbara, Kimberley, and northern Northern Territory are sometimes considered a separate species (i.e., Trichosurus arnhemensis) (e.g., Groves 2005). Likewise, populations from the Atherton Tablelands are sometimes considered a species (T. johnstonii) (e.g., Flannery 1994, Groves 2005). Usually, however, these populations are considered subspecies of T. vulpecula (e.g., Kerle and How 2008)." 6799,Dorcopsis luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dorcopsis,luctuosa,,,,,"(D'Albertis, 1874)", 6800,Dorcopsis muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dorcopsis,muelleri,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)","Synonym Dorcopsis veterum. Flannery's (1990) distribution map shows the species occurs only in Irian Jaya, and lists its presence on Misool and Salawatti Islands off the Vogelkop Peninsula, and Japen Island in Geelvinck bay. All belong to Indonesia." 6795,Dorcopsis hageni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dorcopsis,hageni,,,,,"Heller, 1897", 6794,Dorcopsis atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dorcopsis,atrata,,,,,"Van Deusen, 1957",Generic synonym = Dorcopsulus. 40575,Wallabia bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Wallabia,bicolor,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)", 6802,Dorcopsulus vanheurni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dorcopsulus,vanheurni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1922)",Synonym = Dorcopsis vanheurni. 6801,Dorcopsulus macleayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dorcopsulus,macleayi,,,,,"(Miklouho-Maclay, 1885)","Dorcopsulus macleayi has been considered by some authors to be conspecific with D. vanheurni, but we provisionally follow Groves (2005) in treating it as a separate species." 41513,Macropus giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,giganteus,,,,,"Shaw, 1790", 12627,Macropus parma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,parma,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1845", 12626,Macropus irma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,irma,,,,,"(Jourdan, 1837)",No subspecies are recognised. 40566,Macropus rufogriseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,rufogriseus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)", 40565,Macropus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,robustus,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 40567,Macropus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,rufus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)", 40562,Macropus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1837)", 40561,Macropus antilopinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,antilopinus,,,,,"(Gould, 1842)", 41512,Macropus eugenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,eugenii,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)","

The type locality of Macropus eugenii is Saint Peter Island, South Australia, where it is locally extinct.

Three subspecies have been recognised in the recent past: Macropus eugenii eugenii (mainland South Australia and some islands), Macropus eugenii decres (Kangaroo Island) and Macropus eugenii derbianus (south west Western Australia and Western Australian islands) (Poole et al. 1991). Recent unpublished genetic research has suggested that only two subspecies should be recognised, with Kangaroo Island and South Australian mainland subpopulations being the same subspecies (M. Eldridge pers. comm.):

M. e. eugenii is Least Concern;

M. e. derbianus is Least Concern.

" 40564,Macropus parryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,parryi,,,,,"Bennett, 1835", 40563,Macropus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)", 40560,Macropus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,agilis,,,,,"(Gould, 1842)", 12620,Macropus bernardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,bernardus,,,,,"Rothschild, 1904", 11163,Lagorchestes leporides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Lagorchestes,leporides,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)",No subspecies have been described. 11161,Lagorchestes conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Lagorchestes,conspicillatus,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 11162,Lagorchestes hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Lagorchestes,hirsutus,,,,,"Gould, 1844","

Morphological and genetic studies have raised doubts about the validity of the three (originally four) subspecies. Courtenay (1993) found limited morphological differences between the extant subspecies. Eldridge et al. (2004) found that the Bernier and Dorre Island populations had substantially lower genetic diversity than the remnant mainland population. Mark Eldridge (pers. comm.) has unpublished molecular data that show very little difference between L. h. bernieri and L. h. dorreae, suggesting that the latter subspecies should be synonymised with the former (which we have followed). Whether or not the subspecies are valid, the three extant subpopulations are clearly different conservation management units.

L. h. hirsutus is Extinct;

L. h. bernieri is Vulnerable;

L. h. ‘central Australian subspecies’ is Endangered.

" 11160,Lagorchestes asomatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Lagorchestes,asomatus,,,,,"Finlayson, 1943",No subspecies have been described. 136509,Petrogale mareeba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,mareeba,,,,,"Eldridge & Close, 1992", 41515,Petrogale herberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,herberti,,,,,"Thomas, 1926", 41516,Petrogale inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,inornata,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 41514,Petrogale godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,godmani,,,,,"Thomas, 1923", 40570,Petrogale brachyotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,brachyotis,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 40569,Petrogale assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,assimilis,,,,,"Ramsay, 1877", 41517,Petrogale rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,rothschildi,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 16761,Petrogale concinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,concinna,,,,,"Gould, 1842","

Three subspecies have been described; however, their validity has not been tested by modern genetic methods:

P. c. concinna is Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct);

P. c. canescens is Vulnerable;

P. c. monastria is Vulnerable.

" 16753,Petrogale sharmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,sharmani,,,,,"Eldridge & Close, 1992", 16752,Petrogale coenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,coenensis,,,,,"Eldridge & Close, 1992", 16751,Petrogale lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,lateralis,,,,,"Gould, 1842","

The formerly widespread P. lateralis shows local and considerable regional genetic variation. Taxonomy follows Eldridge et al. (1991), which was based on chromosome morphology and allozyme banding. They identified three subspecies and two ‘races’, here considered as subspecies. The subspecies and races have been widely accepted but have not been subjected to modern DNA analyses.

Petrogale lateralis lateralis is Endangered;

Petrogale lateralis hacketti is Vulnerable;

Petrogale lateralis pearsoni is Near Threatened;

Petrogale lateralis ‘MacDonnell Ranges subspecies’ is Vulnerable;

Petrogale lateralis ‘West Kimberley subspecies’ is Endangered.

" 16750,Petrogale xanthopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,xanthopus,,,,,"Gray, 1855", 136463,Petrogale purpureicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,purpureicollis,,,,,"Le Souef, 1924", 16747,Petrogale persephone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,persephone,,,,,"Maynes, 1982", 16746,Petrogale penicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,penicillata,,,,,"(Gray, 1827)", 16744,Petrogale burbidgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Petrogale,burbidgei,,,,,"Kitchener & Sanson, 1978","

No subspecies dare recognised, but Potter et al. (2012) and M. Eldridge (pers. comm.) have identified genetically highly divergent individuals from Prince Regent River and Artesian Range, which may represent a distinct taxon.

" 11171,Lagostrophus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Lagostrophus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Péron & Lesueur, 1807)","

Eldridge (2008) pointed out that Lagostrophus differs from other members of the Macropodidae on a number of criteria, genetic and morphological, and placed them in an unknown subfamily; however, Lagostrophus has recently been placed in a new subfamily, the Lagostrophinae (Prideaux and Warburton 2010). Otherwise, all species are placed in the subfamily Macropodinae.

" 6437,Dendrolagus mbaiso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,mbaiso,,,,,"Flannery, Boeadi & Szalay, 1995", 6436,Dendrolagus spadix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,spadix,,,,,"Troughton & Le Souef, 1936", 6435,Dendrolagus scottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,scottae,,,,,"Flannery & Seri, 1990","This species was described and named by Tim Flannery in 1989. There are thought to be two subspecies: one in the Torricelli mountains, and a second at Mount Menawa to the west. The Mount Menawa specimens are substantially smaller than the Torricelli specimens (Flannery 1995). As yet, subspecies have not been formerly described.

At present there is too little information for separate conservation assessment of the two subspecies." 6434,Dendrolagus ursinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,ursinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)", 6433,Dendrolagus matschiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,matschiei,,,,,"Förster & Rothschild, 1907","Consisdered by some (e.g. Groves 1982) to be synonymous with D. deltae, D. spadix and D. goodfellowi. Flannery (1995) says that D. matschiei is different in a number of ways, so should be kept separate.

Australasian Monotreme & Marsupial Specialist Group regard D. deltae as a synonym of D. matschei, but recognised D. spadix, D. goodfellowi and D. scottae as valid species (John Seebeck in litt. 2002)." 136668,Dendrolagus mayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,mayri,,,,,"Rothschild & Dollman, 1933","This species is usually considered a subspecies of Dendrolagus dorianus (e.g., Flannery 1995, Groves 2005), but we provisionally treat it as a separate species following Helgen (2007)." 136812,Dendrolagus stellarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,stellarum,,,,,"Flannery & Seri, 1990","Dendrolagus stellarum has often been considered a subspecies of D. dorianus (e.g., Flannery 1995), but it is treated here as a separate species here following Groves (2005). Helgen (2007) notes that although D. stellarum is a recent split, it may be composed of more than one species itself (based on indications from a comparison of genetic sequencing data from populations in the Snow and Star Mountains, reported by Bowyer et al. 2003)." 136732,Dendrolagus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,notatus,,,,,"Matschie, 1916","This species is usually considered a subspecies of Dendrolagus dorianus (e.g., Flannery 1995, Groves 2005), but we provisionally treat it as a separate species following Helgen (2007)." 6426,Dendrolagus bennettianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,bennettianus,,,,,"De Vis, 1887", 136696,Dendrolagus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"Flannery, 1993","This species has often been considered to be a subspecies of Dendrolagus goodfellowi, but we follow Groves (2005) who treats it as a full species." 6427,Dendrolagus dorianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,dorianus,,,,,"Ramsay, 1883", 6429,Dendrolagus goodfellowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,goodfellowi,,,,,"Thomas, 1908",Recognised as a valid species by Australasian Monotreme & Marsupial Specialist Group (John Seebeck in litt. 2002). 6431,Dendrolagus inustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,inustus,,,,,"Müller, 1840","Dendrolagus inustus occurs as two distinct subspecies: D. inustus inustus occurs in the west of New Guinea on the Vogelkop Peninsula, Fakfak Peninsula and Japen; D. inustus finschi has a distribution centred on the north coast ranges of New Guinea." 6432,Dendrolagus lumholtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Dendrolagus,lumholtzi,,,,,"Collett, 1884", 15331,Onychogalea lunata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Onychogalea,lunata,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)",No subspecies are recognised 40568,Onychogalea unguifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Onychogalea,unguifera,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 15330,Onychogalea fraenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Onychogalea,fraenata,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 40574,Thylogale stigmatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Thylogale,stigmatica,,,,,"(Gould, 1860)", 136255,Thylogale lanatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Thylogale,lanatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1922","Thylogale lanatus is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of T. browni (e.g., Flannery 1995). We follow Groves (2005) who provisionally treated it as a separate species." 40573,Thylogale thetis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Thylogale,thetis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 21874,Thylogale browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Thylogale,browni,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1887)","Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) placed this into synonymy under T. brunii, but Novak (1999) maintains it as a distinct species." 40571,Thylogale billardierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Thylogale,billardierii,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)", 21873,Thylogale calabyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Thylogale,calabyi,,,,,"Flannery, 1992", 21870,Thylogale brunii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Thylogale,brunii,,,,,"(Schreber, 1778)", 40583,Tarsipes rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,TARSIPEDIDAE,Tarsipes,rostratus,,,,,"Gervais & Verreaux, 1842", 40556,Vombatus ursinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,VOMBATIDAE,Vombatus,ursinus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1800)", 11343,Lasiorhinus krefftii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,VOMBATIDAE,Lasiorhinus,krefftii,,,,,"(Owen, 1873)",Synonyms = L. barnardi; L. gillespiei. 40555,Lasiorhinus latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,VOMBATIDAE,Lasiorhinus,latifrons,,,,,"(Owen, 1845)", 16726,Petaurus abidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Petaurus,abidi,,,,,"Ziegler, 1981", 16728,Petaurus norfolcensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Petaurus,norfolcensis,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 16727,Petaurus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Petaurus,gracilis,,,,,"(de Vis, 1883)", 16730,Petaurus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Petaurus,australis,,,,,"Shaw, 1791", 16732,Petaurus biacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Petaurus,biacensis,,,,,"Ulmer, 1940","Helgen (2007) states that Petaurus biacensis is likely to be conspecific with P. breviceps. P. biacensis appears to differ from the latter mainly by having a higher incidence of melanism (Helgen 2007). We provisionally retain P. biacensis as a separate species pending further taxonomic work, thus following what has become standard treatment (e.g., Flannery 1994, 1995; Groves 2005)." 16731,Petaurus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Petaurus,breviceps,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1838","Petaurus breviceps might represent a species complex (i.e., contain more than one species) (Colgan and Flannery 1992, Groves 2005, Helgen 2007)." 6225,Dactylonax palpator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Dactylonax,palpator,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1888)","Dactylonax palpator is usually placed in the genus Dactylopsila (e.g., Flannery 1995, Groves 2005), however, we provisionally follow Helgen (2007) and keep it in the monotypic genus described by Thomas in 1910." 9564,Gymnobelideus leadbeateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Gymnobelideus,leadbeateri,,,,,"McCoy, 1867", 6226,Dactylopsila trivirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Dactylopsila,trivirgata,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 6224,Dactylopsila tatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Dactylopsila,tatei,,,,,"Laurie, 1952",Synonym = Dactylonax tatei. 6223,Dactylopsila megalura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PETAURIDAE,Dactylopsila,megalura,,,,,"Rothschild & Dollman, 1932",Synonym = Dactylonax megalura. 18103,Potorous platyops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Potorous,platyops,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 18107,Potorous gilbertii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Potorous,gilbertii,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)","No subspecies are recognised. In the past, some authors considered Gilbert’s Potoroo to be a subspecies of the Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing has shown that it is a distinct species (Sinclair and Westerman 1997; Frankham et al. 2012) and more closely related to P. tridactylus than P. longipes." 136805,Bettongia pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Bettongia,pusilla,,,,,"McNamara, 1997", 2783,Bettongia gaimardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Bettongia,gaimardi,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)", 2784,Bettongia lesueur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Bettongia,lesueur,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","

Two extant subspecies and one extinct subspecies are currently widely accepted; however, these have not been subjected to modern molecular genetic analysis: Bettongia l. lesueur, B. l. graii, B. l. ‘Barrow and Boodie Islands’.

" 2785,Bettongia penicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Bettongia,penicillata,,,,,"Gray, 1837","

The taxonomy of Bettongia penicillata is unsettled. The species was once the most widespread of any member of the Potoroidae with records from all mainland States and the Northern Territory (Start et al. 1995). It is possible that the two subspecies represent distant ends of clines that terminated in southeastern Australia (subspecies penicillata), southwestern Australia (subspecies ogilbyi) and northern Queensland (B. tropica, originally described at a subspecies of B. penicillata). Bettongia penicillata penicillata is Extinct. Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi is Critically Endangered.

" 40558,Aepyprymnus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Aepyprymnus,rufescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1837)", 3626,Caloprymnus campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Caloprymnus,campestris,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)",No subspecies are recognised 40638,Pseudochirulus canescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,canescens,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1846)","Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) listed this as Pseudocheirus canescens, but the Australasian Monotreme and Marsupial Specialist Group follow Flannery and Schouten (1994) who treat it under the genus Pseudochirulus based on molecular analyses by Baverstock (1984) and Baverstock et al. (1990)." 136699,Pseudochirulus larvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,larvatus,,,,,"(Förster & Rothschild, 1911)",Pseudochirulus larvatus has often been considered to be conspecific with P. forbesi. We follow Groves (2005) in treating P. larvatus as a separate species pending further taxonomic research. 40640,Pseudochirulus mayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,mayeri,,,,,"(Rothschild & Dollman, 1932)","Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treats this as Pseudocheirus mayeri, but the Australasian Monotreme and Marsupial Specialist Group follow Flannery and Schouten (1994) who treat it under the genus Pseudochirulus based on molecular analyses by Baverstock (1984) and Baverstock et al. (1990)." 40639,Pseudochirulus forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,forbesi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1887)",Pseudochirulus larvatus has often been considered to be conspecific with P. forbesi. We follow Groves (2005) in treating P. larvatus as a separate species pending further taxonomic research. 18507,Pseudochirulus caroli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,caroli,,,,,"(Thomas, 1921)","An isolated ringtail population near the Baliem Valley (Bokondini) has been assigned to Pseudochirulus caroli in the past (Flannery 1995), but may well be a distinct species (Hoogenboezem and Helgen, cited as ""unpublished data"" in Helgen 2007)." 18508,Pseudochirulus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,cinereus,,,,,"Tate, 1945",Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treats this as a synonym of Pseudocheirus herbertensis. 40641,Pseudochirulus schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,schlegeli,,,,,"(Jentink, 1884)","Known only from the type specimen collected on the Vogelkop (Bird's Head) Peninsula, Irian Jaya (Flannery (1990)). Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treats this as Pseudocheirus schlegeli, but the Australasian Monotreme and Marsupial Specialist Group Flannery and Schouten (1994) who treat it under the genus Pseudochirulus based on molecular analyses by Baverstock (1984) and Baverstock et al. (1990)." 18509,Pseudochirulus herbertensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirulus,herbertensis,,,,,"(Collett, 1884)",Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) lists this species as Pseudocheirus herbertensis. 40580,Petropseudes dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Petropseudes,dahli,,,,,"(Collett, 1895)", 9869,Hemibelideus lemuroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Hemibelideus,lemuroides,,,,,"(Collett, 1884)", 18503,Pseudochirops albertisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirops,albertisii,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 18504,Pseudochirops corinnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirops,corinnae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)", 18502,Pseudochirops archeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirops,archeri,,,,,"(Collett, 1884)", 18505,Pseudochirops cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirops,cupreus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)",Synonym = Pseudocheirops cupreus. 40582,Pseudochirops coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudochirops,coronatus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)","Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated P. coronatus as a synonym of P. albertisii, but Flannery and Schouten (1994) in Nowak (1999) treat it as a valid species. The Australasian Monotreme and Marsupial Specialist Group recognise it as a valid species (John Seebeck in litt. 2002)." 40581,Pseudocheirus peregrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudocheirus,peregrinus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1785)","Pseudocheirus occidentalis is often considered to be conspecific with P. peregrinus (e.g., Groves 2005). It is treated as a separate species here following the advice of the IUCN SSC Australian and Melanesian Non-volant Mammal Specialist Group." 18492,Pseudocheirus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Pseudocheirus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)","Pseudocheirus occidentalis has been synonymised with the Common Ringtail Possum P. peregrinus of eastern Australia by some authors, (e.g. Ride 1970, Groves 2005), or proposed as a subspecies of P. peregrinus. However, its distinctiveness is widely accepted, despite no published analyses of comparative morphology or molecular profiles (Woinarski et al. 2014)" 40576,Cercartetus concinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,BURRAMYIDAE,Cercartetus,concinnus,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)", 4192,Cercartetus caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,BURRAMYIDAE,Cercartetus,caudatus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1877)",The New Guinean (Cercartetus caudatus caudatus) and Australian (C. c. macrurus) populations probably represent separate species. 40577,Cercartetus lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,BURRAMYIDAE,Cercartetus,lepidus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)",The populations on Tasmania and mainland Australia may represent two separate species (Carthew and Cadzow 2008). 40578,Cercartetus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,BURRAMYIDAE,Cercartetus,nanus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1818)", 40559,Hypsiprymnodon moschatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,HYPSIPRYMNODONTIDAE,Hypsiprymnodon,moschatus,,,,,"Ramsay, 1876","Was under the family Potoroidae, now placed in its own family." 40584,Acrobates pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,ACROBATIDAE,Acrobates,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)", 6765,Distoechurus pennatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,ACROBATIDAE,Distoechurus,pennatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 40488,Ornithorhynchus anatinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MONOTREMATA,ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE,Ornithorhynchus,anatinus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1799)", 23179,Zaglossus bruijnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MONOTREMATA,TACHYGLOSSIDAE,Zaglossus,bruijnii,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1876)","This species is often listed as Zaglossus bruijni, but the correct spelling is Z. bruijnii (K. Helgen pers. comm. 2008). The distinctiveness of Z. bruijnii from Z. bartoni of the central portion of New Guinea is confirmed by unpublished genetic and morphological studies (K. Helgen per. comm. 2015)." 136322,Zaglossus attenboroughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MONOTREMATA,TACHYGLOSSIDAE,Zaglossus,attenboroughi,,,,,"Flannery & Groves, 1998","The distinction of Z. attenboroughi from Z. bartoni of the central portion of New Guinea is not clearly supported by genetic analysis conducted to date (K. Helgen per. comm. 2015), but further work is underway to resolve this." 136552,Zaglossus bartoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MONOTREMATA,TACHYGLOSSIDAE,Zaglossus,bartoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1907)","This species is currently divided into includes three subspecies (diamondi; bartoni including clunius; and smeenki), each of which is defined by morphological traits. Ongoing genetic analysis suggests a different phytogeographic pattern (K. Helgen pers. comm. 2015). There is an urgent need for further clarification to identify the primary evolutionary sub-units to be given priority in conservation." 41312,Tachyglossus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MONOTREMATA,TACHYGLOSSIDAE,Tachyglossus,aculeatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)", 14878,Notoryctes caurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,NOTORYCTEMORPHIA,NOTORYCTIDAE,Notoryctes,caurinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1920","Was formerly in synonymy under N. typhlops (Stirling, 1889)." 14879,Notoryctes typhlops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,NOTORYCTEMORPHIA,NOTORYCTIDAE,Notoryctes,typhlops,,,,,"(Stirling, 1889)", 4322,Chaeropus ecaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,CHAEROPODIDAE,Chaeropus,ecaudatus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1838)",No subspecies are recognised. 16710,Peroryctes broadbenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Peroryctes,broadbenti,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)",Was under family Peroryctidae. 16711,Peroryctes raffrayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Peroryctes,raffrayana,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1878)",Was under family Peroryctidae. 13390,Microperoryctes papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Microperoryctes,papuensis,,,,,"(Laurie, 1952)",Was under family Peroryctidae. 13389,Microperoryctes murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Microperoryctes,murina,,,,,"Stein, 1932", 84783217,Microperoryctes longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Microperoryctes,longicauda,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1876)","Helgen and Flannery (2004) recognised two species within the previous taxonomic boundaries of Microperoryctes longicauda: M. longicauda (Peters & Doria, 1876), containing subspecies M. l. longicauda (Vogelkop Peninsula) and M. l.dorsalis (Central Cordillera from the Weyland range to the Star Mountains); and M. ornata (Thomas, 1904), containing the subspecies M. l. ornata (along most of the eastern Central Cordillera) and M. l. magna (Agaun area and on Mt Simpson in far south-eastern Papua New Guinea)." 136538,Microperoryctes aplini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Microperoryctes,aplini,,,,,"Helgen & Flannery, 2004",Microperoryctes aplini has been confused in the past with M. murina (Helgen and Flannery 2004). 16569,Perameles bougainville,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Perameles,bougainville,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1824", 16570,Perameles eremiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Perameles,eremiana,,,,,"Spencer, 1897","No subspecies are recognised. Perameles eremiana was closely related to P. bougainville and it has been proposed that they are clinal forms of the same species (Friedman 1967); however, Westerman et al. (2012) recommended maintaining them as separate species and we have followed this recommendation." 16572,Perameles gunnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Perameles,gunnii,,,,,"Gray, 1838", 40552,Isoodon macrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Isoodon,macrourus,,,,,"(Gould, 1842)", 7019,Echymipera rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Echymipera,rufescens,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1875)",Was under family Peroryctidae. 7017,Echymipera davidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Echymipera,davidi,,,,,"Flannery, 1990",Was under family Peroryctidae. 7018,Echymipera kalubu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Echymipera,kalubu,,,,,"(Fischer, 1829)","The name has incorrectly been ascribed to Lesson, 1828." 7015,Echymipera clara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Echymipera,clara,,,,,"(Stein, 1932)",Was under family Peroryctidae. 7016,Echymipera echinista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Echymipera,echinista,,,,,"Menzies, 1990",Was under family Peroryctidae. 19711,Rhynchomeles prattorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Rhynchomeles,prattorum,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",Was under family Peroryctidae. 12650,Macrotis lagotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,THYLACOMYIDAE,Macrotis,lagotis,,,,,"(Reid, 1837)","

Several subspecies have been described:

M. l. lagotis (Reid, 1837). South-west of Western Australia (extinct)

M. l. cambrica Troughton, 1932. Eastern New South Wales (extinct)

M. l. grandis Troughton, 1932. South-eastern South Australia (extinct)

M. l. interjecta Troughton, 1932. Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia (extinct)

M. l. nigripes (Jones, 1923). South Australia (extinct)

M. l. sagitta (Thomas, 1905). Central Australia.

However, genetic research suggests that currently-extant subpopulations (including the isolated subpopulation in south-western Queensland) show very little genetic variation (Moritz et al. 1997) and the subspecies are unlikely to be valid. As the former distribution was more or less continuous, extinct subspecies are equally unlikely to be valid. No subspecies are recognised in the 2012 Action Plan.

" 12651,Macrotis leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,THYLACOMYIDAE,Macrotis,leucura,,,,,"(Thomas, 1887)",No subspecies are recognised. 10969,Kerivoula argentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,argentata,,,,,"Tomes, 1861","Meester et al. (1986) listed three subspecies: 1) Kerivoula argentata argentata from Northern Namibia, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Kenya; 2) K. a. nidicola from central Mozambique to the Zambezi Valley; and 3) K. a. zuluensis from Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique and KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa (Cotterill 2013). However, owing to the limited number of specimens available, the validity of these subspecies cannot currently be determined (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 10970,Phoniscus atrox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Phoniscus,atrox,,,,,"Miller, 1905", 19516,Rhinolophus euryale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,euryale,,,,,"Blasius, 1853", 8771,Furipterus horrens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,FURIPTERIDAE,Furipterus,horrens,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1828)", 17572,Platyrrhinus recifinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,recifinus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)","This species has been confused with P. lineatus, and there may be an overlap in size (Ditchfield pers. comm.). A review of museum specimens is required to separate P. lineatus and P. recifinus." 10971,Kerivoula cuprosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,cuprosa,,,,,"Thomas, 1912", 17571,Platyrrhinus infuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,infuscus,,,,,"(Peters, 1880)",This genus was recently revised (Velasco pers. comm.). 10972,Kerivoula eriophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,eriophora,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1877)","This taxon may be conspecific with Kerivoula lanosa or K. africana (Hayman and Hill 1971, Simmons 2005)." 19515,Rhinolophus blasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,blasii,,,,,"Peters, 1867","The taxonomic status of the putative subspecies, Rhinolophus blasii empusa (K. Anderson 1904) needs revision. The type specimen for the species is from Italy (ZMB 557, Syntype), while the type locality of the southern African R. b. empusa is Zomba, Malawi (BM 93.7.9.33, Holotype) (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 17574,Platyrrhinus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,vittatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1860)",This species was recently split in two species (Velazco 2005). 136505,Dermanura rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,rosenbergi,,,,,"Thomas, 1897",Recently split from glaucus (Solari et al. in prep). Simmons (2005) used rosenbergii as a synonym for glaucus.

The previous (2008) assessment for this species was published under the genus Artibeus. This is an amended assessment under the newly recognised genus Dermanura. 10973,Kerivoula flora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,flora,,,,,"Thomas, 1914",This species is currently distinguished from Kerivoula hardwickii by size and may represent a complex of several species. 19518,Rhinolophus hipposideros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,hipposideros,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1800)", 19517,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,ferrumequinum,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)","Although Thomas (1997, unpublished thesis) found very high divergence in mitochondrial DNA sequences, Csorba et al. (2003) refrained from splitting Japanese Greater Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus nippon) from R. ferrumequinum. Several subspecies are identified over the range, of which two occur in the western Palaearctic: R. f. creticus (Crete) and R. f. ferrumequinum (rest of western Palaearctic range)." 154195594,Kerivoula hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,hardwickii,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1824)","This is the new taxonomic concept for Kerivoula hardwickii. Kerivoula depressa Miller, 1905 now considered to represent a separate species, whereas K. crypta Wroughton and Ryley, 1913 and K. malpasi Phillips, 1931, formerly subsumed as subspecies of K. hardwickii, should also be elevated to species rank (Tu et al. 2018). Specimens previously referred to K. hardwickii s.l. with flattened skull found from Indo-Burma and Himalayan regions are now considered to be representatives of a complex of at least three morphologically cryptic species broadly found in sympatry: K. depressa, K. furva Kuo et al. 2017 and K. dongduongana Tu et al. 2018 (see Kuo et al. 2017, Tu et al. 2018). Although specimens currently referred to K. hardwickii from the Philippines may represent two or more cryptic species (Heaney et al. 2010), they are treated as K. hardwickii until further taxonomic studies are completed. In the new concept K. hardwickii s. str., characterized with highly domed skulls, are distributed from the Sunda Islands northward to the Philippines, south Thailand and south Indochina." 95908089,Platyrrhinus umbratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,umbratus,,,,,"(Lyon, 1902)", 10975,Kerivoula intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,intermedia,,,,,"Hill & Francis, 1984",This species may be confused with Kerivoula minuta because of overlap in external measurements (C. Francis pers. comm.). 19520,Rhinolophus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,acuminatus,,,,,"Peters, 1871", 19519,Rhinolophus mehelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,mehelyi,,,,,"Matschie, 1901", 10976,Phoniscus jagorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Phoniscus,jagorii,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)",The taxonomy of this species requires review. 136502,Histiotus laephotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Histiotus,laephotis,,,,,"Thomas, 1916", 136504,Pteropus aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,aruensis,,,,,"Peters, 1867","Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954). Bergmans (2001) argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex. According to K. Helgen (pers. comm.) P. aruensis and P. keyensis are conspecific, but we retain P. aruensis here as a separate species pending resolution of this taxonomic confusion." 21982,Tomopeas ravus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tomopeas,ravus,,,,,"Miller, 1900",Tomopeas is a monotypic genus. There is uncertainty as to which genus this species belongs (Velazco pers. comm.). 10966,Kerivoula africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,africana,,,,,"Dobson, 1878", 21983,Tonatia bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Tonatia,bidens,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)", 80221529,Asellia tridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Asellia,tridens,,,,," (É. Geoffroy, 1813)", 2153,Asellia patrizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Asellia,patrizii,,,,,"De Beaux, 1931", 2156,Aselliscus tricuspidatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Aselliscus,tricuspidatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)","This species is widespread and encompasses a large number of islands, subspecific divisions could be representative of cryptic species particularly for outlier populations in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu (S. Hamilton pers. comm.).The single species A. tricuspidatus is considered to have a wide distribution over many islands in the Moluccas and Melanesia, but allopatry and three synonyms suggest the possibility of taxonomic differences or incipient speciation within this distribution. There is strong genetic divergence amongst bats from south and north of the central cordillera in Papua New Guinea, New Britain Island-Mussau Island, and the Solomon Islands (K.N. Armstrong and T. Lavery unpublished data), but lack of extensive geographic sampling and the preliminary nature of analyses on existing genetic data preclude further comment on taxonomy. Often echolocation call differences among islands and regions can be an indication of taxonomic differences. In this case, echolocation call frequency varies relatively little (between c. 110 and 125 kHz) across its distribution, but within this ultrasonic range there are differences in mean frequency among islands (e.g. the Solomons; Pennay and Lavery 2017) and bimodal patterns within Papua New Guinea (K.N. Armstrong unpubl. obs.) suggesting the presence of geographic variation and sexual dimorphism. Comments on a suitable common name were given by Armstrong et al. (2016) to avoid confusion with members of the Rhinonycteridae." 136496,Rhinolophus robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,robinsoni,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1918", 136495,Myotis nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,nipalensis,,,,,"(Dobson, 1871)",Formerly included in Myotis mystacinus (see Benda and Tsytsulina 2000) Myotis nipalensis possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species (K. Tsytsulina pers. comm. 2008). 17598,Corynorhinus townsendii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Corynorhinus,townsendii,,,,,"Cooper, 1837", 17599,Corynorhinus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Corynorhinus,mexicanus,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1916", 17600,Corynorhinus rafinesquii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Corynorhinus,rafinesquii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)","This bat was referred to as Corynorhinus macrotis in older literature, and Corynorhinus townsendii was known as C. rafinesquii. Bogdanowicz et al. (1998) examined morphological and chromosomal variation and found that Corynorhinus is strongly supported as a distinct genus, with Plecotus limited to Palaearctic species. The mammal list by Simmons (2005) also accepted Corynorhinus as the appropriate genus for New World big-eared bats." 13139,Melonycteris melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Melonycteris,melanops,,,,,"Dobson, 1877",Generic synonym = Nesonycteris. 19548,Rhinolophus luctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,luctus,,,,,"Temminck, 1834","This species belongs to trifoliatus species group. Simmons (2005) inclusion of Sri Lanka in distribution is possibly based on taxon sobrinus Andersen, 1918, which is presently under Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen, 1905 (Srinivasulu pers. comm.)." 13140,Melonycteris woodfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Melonycteris,woodfordi,,,,,"Thomas, 1887",The species Melonycteris aurantius was synonymized with this species. 19547,Rhinolophus lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,lepidus,,,,,"Blyth, 1844","This species belongs to pusillus species group. Earlier considered a distinct species (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Sinha 1973), the taxon monticola Andersen, 1905, is now treated as subspecies of Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 (Hill and Yoshiyuki 1980, Das 1986, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). The taxon shortridgei K. Andersen, 1918, was earlier considered subspecies of Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 (Hill and Yoshiyuki 1980, Sinha 1980) is now considered a distinct species (Csorba 2002, Csorba et al. 2003, Simmons 2005). The taxon refulgens Andersen, 1905 representing Peninsular Malaysian populations is considered as a valid subspecies of Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 (Simmons 2005)." 136541,Aethalops aequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Aethalops,aequalis,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1938","Considered a subspecies of alecto by many authors, but Kitchener et al. (2000) elevated it to full species status, which could indicate that the Javan subspecies A. a ocypete and the Sumatran/Malayan subspecies A. a. alecto are also distinct species, especially as these are montane species. Genetic data using 12S RNA gene showed a rather high genetic distance between Aethalops aequalis from Malaysian Borneo and A. aequalis of Kalimantan (3.5-8%), and between A. aequalis (Borneo) and A. alecto (Lombok, Bali, Sumatra, Java) ranging from 5.4-12.1% (Maharadatunkamsi and Syamsul Arifin Zein 2006, R. Chaya, pers. comm. 2012). Further study is needed to resolve taxonomic uncertainty." 19546,Rhinolophus landeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,landeri,,,,,"Martin, 1838","The nominate subspecies Rhinolophus landeri landeri Martin 1837 and the subspecies R. l. lobatus Peters 1852 are known from southern Africa (Meester et al. 1986; Csorba et al. 2003). This species complex requires taxonomic revision because, across its range, the status and relationships of the nominate subspecies and the subspecies R. l. axillaris Allen, Lang and Chapin 1917, R. l. lobatus and R. l. dobsoni Thomas 1904 remain unclear. It appears that populations of R. l. landeri favour forest habitats, while populations of R. l. lobatus are more commonly associated with savannah woodland (Monadjem et al. 2010), and thus may be shown to be taxonomically distinct following phylogenetic analysis." 19545,Rhinolophus inops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,inops,,,,,"Andersen, 1905","There are unresolved taxonomic issues regarding geographic variation within this species, including morphological issues with the holotype (Ingle and Heaney 1992, Heaney et al. 1998)." 17601,Plecotus taivanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,taivanus,,,,,"Yoshiyuki, 1991", 19552,Rhinolophus marshalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,marshalli,,,,,"Thonglongya, 1973", 19551,Rhinolophus malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,malayanus,,,,,"Bonhote, 1903", 19550,Rhinolophus macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,macrotis,,,,,"Blyth, 1844","The mainland populations probably represent four to five distinct species. The Philippine form of R. macrotis was initially described as a separate species, R. hirsutus (Anderson, 1905), but was later subsumed under R. macrotis by Tate (1943) but hirsutus and siamensis are morphologically and genetically distinct (Guillen-Servent et al. in Csorba et al. 2003, Heaney and Ingle, 1992, Francis et al. 1999, Tu et al. 2017, Zhang et al., 2018). According to the new evidences, the following subspecies are recognized - R.m. macrotis, R.m. siamensis, R.m. episcopus, R.m. caldwelli, R.m. topali, and R.m. huananus (Tu et al. 2017). Tu et al. (2017) opine that R. macrotis s.s. may be endemic to the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and the forms representing R. macrotis s.l. may represent a complex and further genetic and acoustic studies are needed to ascertain affinities among the taxa in the group." 13141,Melonycteris fardoulisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Melonycteris,fardoulisi,,,,,"Flannery, 1993", 19549,Rhinolophus maclaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,maclaudi,,,,,"Pousargues, 1897", 6510,Desmodus rotundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Desmodus,rotundus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)", 19539,Rhinolophus eloquens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,eloquens,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905",The taxonomic relationship between Rhinolophus eloquens and R. brandti needs clarification. 19538,Rhinolophus denti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,denti,,,,,"Thomas, 1904","Though previously believed that Rhinolophus swinnyi might be a subspecies of R. denti (Csorba et al. 2003), a genetic study by Schoeman and Jacobs in 2008 indicated the two to be separate species." 19537,Rhinolophus deckenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,deckenii,,,,,"Peters, 1868", 136534,Styloctenium mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Styloctenium,mindorensis,,,,,"Esselstyn, 2007", 136531,Pteropus ualanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,ualanus,,,,,"Peters, 1883","Pteropus ualanus was originally described as a distinct species (Peters 1883), an arrangement followed by Anderson (1912). The taxa was subsumed as a subspecies of P. mariannus by Kuroda (1938) and treated as such for a number of decades (e.g., Mickleburgh et al. 1992, Koopman 1993, Wiles 2005). Flannery (1995) was among the first to reclassify it as a separate species, but did so without providing supporting evidence. This treatment was provisionally followed by Simmons (2005). Recent genetic analyses have confirmed that P. ualanus is distinct from P. mariannus and other Pteropus (Almeida et al. 2014)." 64586080,Rhinolophus hildebrandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,hildebrandtii,,,,,"Peters, 1878","In view of differences in echolocation frequencies between different populations of Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, it is possible that this taxon represents a complex of species, and needs further taxonomic studies." 19542,Rhinolophus guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,guineensis,,,,,"Eisentraut, 1960", 19541,Rhinolophus fumigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,fumigatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1842","Six subspecies have been listed, but the status and geographic distribution of some of these remain uncertain and taxonomic revision is required (Cotterill & Happold 2013). It is likely that more than one species has been included under Rhinolophus fumigatus (Rosevear 1965; Csorba et al. 2003), and may be as many as four. Only R. f. aethiops Peters, 1869 is known from the assessment region (Meester et al. 1986), with the subspecies’ range extending from southern Angola to central Mozambique and southwards into the extreme northern parts of South Africa (Cotterill & Happold 2013). However, the eastern and western populations are geographically isolated (separated by at least 750 km) and differ in size and pelage colour (Monadjem et al. 2010). Future research may confirm that these two populations of R. f. aethiops are distinct species (Cotterill & Happold 2013; ACR 2015). This species can be distinguished from other southern African species of Horseshoe Bats by its complicated noseleaf with vertical connecting process (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 136528,Pteropus keyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,keyensis,,,,,"Peters, 1867","Formerly listed as a subspecies of P. melanopogon (Laurie and Hill 1954), but Bergmans (2001) argued that keyensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex." 19531,Rhinolophus clivosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,clivosus,,,,,"Cretzschmar, 1828","Further taxonomic research is needed into Rhinolophus clivosus. Variability in mitochondrial DNA, bacular morphology, pelage colour, habitat preference, echolocation calls and reproduction strongly suggests that R. clivosus comprises multiple species (Benda & Vallo 2012; Stoffberg et al. 2012). Specifically, Stoffberg et al. (2012) provided genetic evidence that demonstrated southern African R. clivosus sensu lato are as genetically distinct from samples further north in Africa as from the sister species R. ferrumequinum; they described five distinct groups within South Africa corresponding to a Western Cape clade, Knysna region clade, Northern Cape clade, a predominantly KwaZulu-Natal/Mpumalanga mixed group and a Mpumalanga/Limpopo clade (ACR 2015). A useful character for separating R. clivosus and R. darlingi from all other southern African Rhinolophus species is the absence of the minute first upper premolar in the toothrow; and R. clivosus is larger than R. darlingi (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 19532,Rhinolophus coelophyllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,coelophyllus,,,,,"Peters, 1867","This species is often confused with R. shameli, and some historical records refer to this other taxon (Ith et al. 2011)." 19529,Rhinolophus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,capensis,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 19530,Rhinolophus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,celebensis,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905", 17618,Plerotes anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Plerotes,anchietae,,,,,"(de Seabra, 1900)", 4321,Chaerephon tomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,tomensis,,,,,"(Juste & Ibáñez, 1993)", 136524,Eptesicus chiriquinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,chiriquinus,,,,,"Simmons & Voss, 1998",Eptesicus chiriquinus is distinct from andinus and brasiliensis; see Simmons and Voss (1998). this speies includes montosus (Ochoa pers. comm). 19535,Rhinolophus creaghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,creaghi,,,,,"Thomas, 1896", 67369483,Rhinolophus darlingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,darlingi,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905", 19533,Rhinolophus cognatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,cognatus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1906","This species belongs to pusillus species group (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 19523,Rhinolophus alcyone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,alcyone,,,,,"Temminck, 1852","There are considerable colour differences between the western and eastern populations of this bat, suggesting that there may be a need to re-examine the taxonomic status of these two groups." 136519,Notopteris neocaledonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Notopteris,neocaledonica,,,,,"Trouessart, 1908", 19521,Rhinolophus adami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,adami,,,,,"Aellen & Brosset, 1968",Generic synonym = Rhinomegalophus. 19522,Rhinolophus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,affinis,,,,,"Horsfield, 1823",

This species belongs to the megaphyllus species group.

19527,Rhinolophus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,borneensis,,,,,"Peters, 1861","This is most likely a species complex (Csorba et al. 2003). Lekagul and McNeely (1977) synonymized this species with Rhinolophus robinsoni, but robinsoni is now considered a separate species (Simmons 2005). The distribution of R. borneensis may be confused, because of the unresolved taxonomy of the group." 6520,Diaemus youngi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Diaemus,youngi,,,,,"(Jentink, 1893)","The name is sometimes spelled youngii, but youngi is the original spelling (Simmons 2005)." 19528,Rhinolophus canuti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,canuti,,,,,"Thomas & Wroughton, 1909", 84372137,Rhinolophus arcuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,arcuatus,,,,,"Peters, 1871","In part, Rhinolophus arcuatus specimens from Borneo, New Guinea and Sulawesi were evaluated and separated into R. proconsulis, R. mcintyrei, and R. belligerator, respectively (Patrick et al. 2013). The type locality of R. arcuatus is in the Philippines, and most likely the species is restricted to the Philippines. The Philippine population ascribed to this taxon is in need of further taxonomic review as it is almost certainly a species complex rather than a single species (Heaney et al. 1998, 2010). Rhinolophus anderseni is tentatively included in this species (Csorba et al. 2003). In many Philippine islands two or even three morphological forms, often one associated with caves in agricultural areas and a larger highland morph associated with primary forest, are referred to Rhinolophus arcuatus, which may all represent separate species (Heaney et al. 1991, Ingle and Heaney 1992, Rickart et al. 1993, L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006). There are also subtle but consistent differences between populations in each faunal region (Heaney et al. 1991, 1998, 2006a,b; Ingle and Heaney 1992; Sedlock and Weyandt 2009; Rickart et al. 1993). Currently, two subspecies are formally described in the Philippines, the nominate, and exiguus (Andersen 1905), with the latter collected from Zamboanga and Guimaras (in Taylor 1934) although its taxonomic validity is also still uncertain. Further taxonomic and ecological studies are badly needed.

The specimens and names from Sumatra, Ambon and a few other small islands, and a different locality in Sulawesi (not the same as R. belligerator) likely represent distinct species but are currently considered R. arcuatus as they are morphologically similar and were not examined by Patrick et al. (2013)." 19526,Rhinolophus bocharicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,bocharicus,,,,,"Kastschenko & Akimov, 1917","Koopman (1993) included this in synonymy under R. clivosus, whereas others maintain it as a separate and a monotypic species (Simmons 2005, Benda and Vallo 2012, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012, Benda and Gaisler 2015)." 136441,Nyctimene keasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,keasti,,,,,"Kitchener in Kitchener, Packer & Maryanto, 1993","This species was originally described as a subspecies of Nyctimene albiventer, but has been elevated to species status by Kitchener et al. (1995) and Bergmans (2001)." 136445,Harpiola isodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Harpiola,isodon,,,,,"Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2006","Distinct from its only congeneric, Harpiola grisea, from India by dental features (Kuo et al. 2006) and probably also by craniodental dimensions (Kruskop et al. 2006)." 136448,Natalus espiritosantensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Natalus,espiritosantensis,,,,,"Ruschi, 1951",Formerly Natalus espiritosantensis was considered a subspecies of N. stramineus. 136433,Eumops floridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,floridanus,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1932","Eger (1977) revised the genus and recognized E. g. floridanus (Allen 1932) in Florida and E. g. glaucinus in Cuba, Jamaica, Central America, and South America. Timm and Genoways (2004) examined range-wide geographic variation in morphology and concluded that Eumops floridanus should be recognized as a distinct species. Simmons (2005) included floridanus as a subspecies of E. glaucinus, but Timm and Genoways (2004) was published too late for review by Simmons, who did state that E. glaucinus (including floridanus) may include more than one species." 4422,Chalinolobus picatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Chalinolobus,picatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)", 4421,Chalinolobus nigrogriseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Chalinolobus,nigrogriseus,,,,,"(Gould, 1856)", 136428,Kerivoula lenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,lenis,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",This species was previously included in papillosa but it is clearly distinct (Vanitharani et al. 2003). 136429,Myotis laniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,laniger,,,,,"Peters, 1871", 4420,Chalinolobus neocaledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Chalinolobus,neocaledonicus,,,,,"Revilliod, 1914","Chalinolobus neocaledonicus has been considered a synonym of C. gouldii by some authors (e.g., Tidemann 1986, Chruszcz and Barclay 2002), but we follow Simmons (2005) in provisionally treating it as a distinct species." 136420,Saccopteryx antioquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccopteryx,antioquensis,,,,,"Muñoz & Cuartas, 2001", 4425,Chalinolobus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Chalinolobus,tuberculatus,,,,,"(Forster, 1844)","Earlier speculation that there were significant differences in genetic diversity among populations proved unfounded, and the low levels of genetic differentiation do not warrant separation of Chalinolobus tuberculatus into subspecies (Dool et al. 2016, O’Donnell et al. 2016)." 136424,Micronycteris microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,microtis,,,,,"Miller, 1898","Micronycteris megalotis subsp., recognized as species by Simmons 1996. Synonymous with M. megalotis (unpublished molecular data)." 136423,Cynopterus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Cynopterus,minutus,,,,,"Miller, 1906",This may be a species complex. 21878,Thyroptera lavali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,THYROPTERIDAE,Thyroptera,lavali,,,,,"Pine, 1993", 21877,Thyroptera discifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,THYROPTERIDAE,Thyroptera,discifera,,,,,"(Lichtenstein & Peters, 1855)", 136477,Hipposideros rotalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,rotalis,,,,,"Francis, Kock & Habersetzer, 1999", 136478,Hipposideros grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,grandis,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1936","This bat is a member of the larvatus species group. Previously, it was considered to be conspecific with larvatus but was regarded as a distinct species by Thabah et al. (2006), a view followed by Smith et al. (2008) and Kruskop (2013). However, the taxonomic status of this species still requires further clarification to distinguish it from other taxa in the “larvatus species complex” as well as to define its distributional range." 136465,Myzopoda schliemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MYZOPODIDAE,Myzopoda,schliemanni,,,,,"Goodman, Rakotondraparany & Kofoky, 2007",Described as a new species by Goodman et al. (2007) using external measurements and pelage coloration and supported by population genetics (Russell et al. 2008). 4414,Chalinolobus dwyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Chalinolobus,dwyeri,,,,,"Ryan, 1966", 6563,Diclidurus isabella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Diclidurus,isabella,,,,,"(Thomas, 1920)", 6564,Diclidurus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Diclidurus,scutatus,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 6561,Diclidurus albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Diclidurus,albus,,,,,"Wied-Neuwied, 1820","Controversy abounds over who deserves the credit for naming D. albus. Oken may have been responsible, but credit is usually given to Wied-Neuwied (1820) (Potchynok and Myers 2006). Populations in Central America may be distinct species referable to D. virgo but more study is needed (B.K. Lim pers. comm.)." 6562,Diclidurus ingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Diclidurus,ingens,,,,,"Hernandez-Camacho, 1955", 17567,Platyrrhinus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,brachycephalus,,,,,"(Rouk & Carter, 1972)", 17565,Platyrrhinus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,lineatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)",This includes nigellus (Simmons 2005). 136631,Rhinolophus shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,shortridgei,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1918","Until recently this species was considered to be a subspecies of Rhinolophus lepidus, but it was recently captured in sympatry with R. lepidus and is therefore obviously distinct (Csorba 2002, Csorba et al. 2003)." 136627,Lasiurus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,minor,,,,,"Miller, 1931","Possibly conspecific with seminolis, borealis, or blossevillii." 13240,Mesophylla macconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Mesophylla,macconnelli,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",Some authorities consider this species to be in the Vampyressa genus and it can be easily confused with other species in this genus. 136610,Pteronotus paraguanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,paraguanensis,,,,,"Linares & Ojasti, 1974",There is uncertainty if this taxon should be recognized as a distinct species or rather treated as a subspecies of P. parnellii. 136611,Cynomops mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cynomops,mexicanus,,,,,"Jones & Genoways, 1967","This species was formerly considered a subspecies of greenhalli (e.g., Koopman 1994) but is apparently distinct, see Peters et al. (2002) and also see discussion in Simmons and Voss (1998)." 140,Acerodon leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Acerodon,leucotis,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1950)", 139,Acerodon jubatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Acerodon,jubatus,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1831)","This species includes the extinct populations on Panay (often referred to Acerodon lucifer Elliot, 1896, the Panay golden-crowned flying fox), following (Heaney et al. 1998). There is significant geographic variation in the species, and more studies are needed (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006)." 137,Acerodon celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Acerodon,celebensis,,,,,"Peters, 1867","This species includes arquatus and Sulawesi specimens formerly assigned to Pteropus argentatus (Musser et al. 1982, Flannery 1995)." 17487,Platalina genovensium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platalina,genovensium,,,,,"Thomas, 1928", 136659,Leptonycteris yerbabuenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Leptonycteris,yerbabuenae,,,,,"Martínez & Villa-R, 1940",Formerly it was treated as a subspecies of L. curasoae (see Simmons 2005). Arita and Humphrey (1988) determined that sanborni is a junior synonym of yerbabuenae and that yerbabuenae is a subspecies of L. curasoae. Koopman (in Wilson and Reeder 1993) used the name L. curasoae for the species occurring in the southwestern United States. Simmons (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) cited references supporting her listing of L. curasoae and L. yerbabuenae as distinct species; the latter species is the one occurring in the United States.
  
Prior to 1962 specimens of what was then known as L. sanborni were reported as L. nivalis. 142,Acerodon mackloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Acerodon,mackloti,,,,,"(Temminck, 1837)",The species name is sometimes spelled macklotii. 136671,Vampyressa thyone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyressa,thyone,,,,,"Thomas, 1909","This is a species complex of at least three species (Tavares pers. comm.), which was previously included in V. pusilla, and separated by Lim et al. (2003)." 21815,Thoopterus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Thoopterus,nigrescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1870)","A second, undescribed species of Thoopterus occurs at higher altitudes in north, central and southwest Sulawesi. A third, undescribed species occupies the island of Mangole in the Sula Islands. The Morotai record may be based on a mislabeled specimen from northern Sulawesi. According to L. Ruedas (pers. comm.) molecular data suggest a north-south species level split in Sulawesi rather than a high elevation-low elevation dichotomy as described above." 19679,Baeodon alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Baeodon,alleni,,,,,"Thomas, 1892", 19680,Rhogeessa genowaysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,genowaysi,,,,,"Baker, 1984","Subgenus Rhogeessa. Apparently morphologically inseparable from tumida, but with distinctive karyotype." 136646,Pipistrellus raceyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,raceyi,,,,,"Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman, 2006",A recently described endemic species (Bates et al. 2006). 136644,Rhinolophus formosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,formosae,,,,,"Sanborn, 1939", 10790,Idionycteris phyllotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Idionycteris,phyllotis,,,,,"(G.M. Allen, 1916)",This species formerly included in the genus Plecotus Simmons (2005) treated Idionycteris phyllotis and Euderma maculatum as generically distinct. 136651,Rhinolophus siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,siamensis,,,,,"Gyldenstolpe, 1917","Originally described as a subspecies of R. macrotis but proved to be a distinct species (see Francis 1999, Hendrichsen et al. 2001, Simmons 2005). This includes huananus (see Zhang et al. 2009, Zhang et al. 2018)." 136649,Pipistrellus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Leach, 1825)","Includes P. mediterraneus, formerly regarded by some authorities as a subspecies of P. pipistrellus (Simmons 2005). The genetically and morphologically distinct population of pipistrelle bats belonging to the pygmaeus genetic clade and occurring in the Cyrenaica/Libya was recently described (Benda et al. 2004) as Pipistrellus hanaki." 136650,Myotis occultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,occultus,,,,,"Hollister, 1909","The bats in the Myotis lucifugus-M. occultus-M. fortidens complex have long been of debatable taxonomic status. Myotis occultus was formerly included in M. lucifugus (Koopman 1993), but now it is regarded as a distinct species (Simmons 2005). Allozyme data suggested that the two are conspecific (Valdez et al. 1999), but mitochondrial DNA and morphological evidence suggest that M. occultus is a specifically distinct, monophyletic lineage (Piaggio et al. 2002)." 19573,Rhinolophus thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,thomasi,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905","Wang (2002) assigns Chinese material to the subspecies R. t. latifolius, but we follow Csorba et al. (2003) in relegating latifolius as a synonym of the nominate form." 19574,Rhinolophus trifoliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,trifoliatus,,,,,"Temminck, 1834","This species belongs to trifoliatus species group. Earlier included Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered distinct (Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005)." 136561,Mimon cozumelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Mimon,cozumelae,,,,,"Goldman, 1914",This species formerly was treated as a subspecies of M. bennettii (Simmons 2005). 19575,Rhinolophus virgo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,virgo,,,,,"Andersen, 1905", 136564,Otomops madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,madagascariensis,,,,,"Dorst, 1953","The Madagascar populations were previously included within Otomops martiensseni (Hutson et al. 2001), but were treated as an endemic Malagasy species by Peterson et al. (1995) and Simmons (2005)." 19576,Rhinolophus yunanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,yunanensis,,,,,"Dobson, 1872","This species belongs to pearsonii species group. Earlier a synonym of Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now treated as distinct (Hill 1986, Hinton and Lindsay 1926, Lekagul and McNeely 1977, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu et al. in press)." 136566,Hipposideros boeadii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,boeadii,,,,,"Bates, Rossiter, Suyanto & Kingston, 2007","This is a new species of Hipposideros described by Bates et al. (2007) from southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Morphologically, it shows close affinities to Hipposideros papua but it is substantially smaller." 84383122,Rhinolophus stheno,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,stheno,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905", This is a new taxonomic concept for R. stheno. Previously it included also R. s. microglobosus now considered a distinct species (Soisook et al. 2008). 19570,Rhinolophus subbadius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,subbadius,,,,,"Blyth, 1844","This species belongs to pusillus species group. Bates and Harrison (1997) suggest that the holotype of this taxon is missing and the forms representing garoensis Dobson, 1872 correspond to that of Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck, 1834. The taxonomic status needs to be re-evaluated (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 19571,Rhinolophus subrufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,subrufus,,,,,"Andersen, 1905","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain, and further research is required (L. Heaney and D. Balete pers. comm. 2015)." 19572,Rhinolophus swinnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,swinnyi,,,,,"Gough, 1908","Named after H. H. Swinny who collected the original specimens from the Ngqueleni district, Eastern Cape Province (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Based on morphological similarities, it was suggested that Rhinolophus swinnyi might be a subspecies of R. denti (Csorba et al. 2003). However, new genetic analyses showed the two to be different species (Stofferg 2007; C. Schoeman & P. Taylor unpubl. data)." 2110,Ariteus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Ariteus,flavescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 136572,Kerivoula krauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,krauensis,,,,,"Francis, Kingston & Zubaid, 2007","This is a species of Kerivoula described by Francis et al. (2007) from Peninsular Malaysia. It is similar in size and form to Kerivoula hardwickii Miller 1898 or K. intermedia Hill and Francis 1984, but is distinguished by its distinctive colouration as well as several characters of dentition and skull shape (Francis et al. 2007)." 136571,Dobsonia crenulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,crenulata,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1909",Non-Moluccan populations apparently represent an undescribed subspecies (K. Helgen pers. comm.). 19577,Rhinolophus keyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,keyensis,,,,,"Andersen, 1905","

Kitchener et al. (1995) listed R. keyensis as conspecific with R. simplex Andersen, 1905; however, by priority in this case the valid name for the species is keyensis. Csorba et al. (2003) treated R. keyensis and R. simplex as synonyms of R. megaphyllus, but herewith we follow Simmons (2005) who considers R. keyensis as distinct species.

" 19557,Rhinolophus osgoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,osgoodi,,,,,"Sanborn, 1939","Rhinolophus osgoodi was considered to be conspecific with R. lepidus and belong to pusillus species group (Simmons 2005). Call frequency recorded for R. osgoodi (95.2 kHz) is close to that reported in Francis and Habersetzer (1998) for R. lepidus (98 kHz) in Malaysia. However, this species is different from the species from the pusillus species group in genetics (unpublished data) and some phenotypic characters, such as the higher anterior swellings and long palatal bridge, which suggested a different taxonomic position (unpublished data, Csorba pers. Comm.)." 19560,Rhinolophus philippinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,philippinensis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1843","Rhinolophus 'philippinensis' is a species complex that remains unresolved. It occupies a distribution across Maritime Southeast Asia and part of Australasia and is distinct from members of the ‘Rhinolophus macrotis’ species group (sensu Zhang et al. 2018) that are distributed in China and mainland Southeast Asia. It is well established that different size forms are found in sympatry in several parts of its range, including Buton Island near Sulawesi (Kingston and Rossiter 2004), Papua New Guinea (Armstrong 2017), Timor-Leste (with R. montanus, K.N. Armstrong unpublished data), and Cape York Peninsula in Queensland (Churchill 2008). Resolving the taxonomic status of one of these forms will be best undertaken within a context of comprehensive geographic sampling. Further comments on taxonomy are available in Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment (2020). It is known as two separate taxa in Australia: Rhinolophus robertsi and Rhinolophus ‘intermediate’ (Woinarski et al. 2014)." 136548,Natalus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Natalus,major,,,,,"Miller, 1902","Formerly included in N. stramineus, see Timm and Genoways (2003). Does not include jamaicensis or primus (A. Tejedor pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of N. major, N. jamaicensis, and N. stramineus (although note that they were all treated as N. stramineus)." 19559,Rhinolophus pearsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,pearsonii,,,,,"Horsfield, 1851","This species belongs to pearsonii species group. Earlier considered similar to Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872 (Andersen 1905, Tate and Archbold 1939, Tate 1943, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now treated as distinct (Hill 1986, Yoshiyuki 1990, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu et al. in press)." 19554,Rhinolophus mitratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,mitratus,,,,,"Blyth, 1844","

Earlier included under R. philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843 (Dobson 1876, Tate and Archbold 1939). Sinha (1973) and Csorba et al. 2003 regarded it to be more similar to R. pearsonii Hodgson, 1851. Simmons (2005) treats it as distinct species under the trifoliatus species-group.

" 10755,Ia io,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Ia,io,,,,,"Thomas, 1902","Earlier treated as subgenus of Pipistrellus Kaup, 1829 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), upgraded to the generic status (Topál 1970a, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Csorba 1998, Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 19556,Rhinolophus nereis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,nereis,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905", 19566,Rhinolophus shameli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,shameli,,,,,"Tate, 1943",Originally described as a subspecies of Rhinolophus coelophyllus.  136553,Myotis aurascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,aurascens,,,,,"Kuzyakin, 1935","Formerly included in Myotis mystacinus, M. aurascens was differentiated on the basis of morphology (Benda and Tsytsulina 2000). In 2013, a morphological analysis of one male and 11 female specimens of Armenian Whiskered Bat (Myotis hajastanicus) revealed close similarity and largely overlapping phenotypic variation between M. hajastanicus and M. aurascens, leading to both taxa being recognised as a single species: M. aurascens (Dietz et al. 2016)." 19565,Rhinolophus sedulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,sedulus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905", 19568,Rhinolophus simulator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,simulator,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1904","Although no subspecies were recognised by Meester et al. (1986), more recently two subspecies are tentatively recognised: Rhinolophus simulator simulator from eastern Africa, extending from Ethiopia to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; and R. s. alticolus from Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Cameroon (Cotterill & Happold 2013). Future research may confirm that R. s. alticolus is a distinct species (Cotterill & Happold 2013)." 19567,Rhinolophus silvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,silvestris,,,,,"Aellen, 1959","The relationships of Rhinolophus deckeni and R. silvestris are unclear, with the forms possibly being conspecific (see Cotterill 2002, Csorba et al. 2003, Simmons 2005). Often regarded as a subspecies of R. clivosus (Simmons 2005)." 19562,Rhinolophus rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,rex,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1923","This species is possibly conspecific with Rhinolophus paradoxolophus (Corbet and Hill 1992). Zhang et al. (2009) also referred that R. paradoxolophus may represents a subspecies of R. rex. Until recently, phylogenies, genetic and phenotypic divergence, and species delimitation analyses supported the revised status of R. paradoxolophus as a subspecies of R. rex (Zhang et al. 2018)." 2089,Ardops nichollsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Ardops,nichollsi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1891)", 85707059,Rhinolophus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,pusillus,,,,,"Temminck, 1834",This is a new taxonomic concept for R. pusillus. Previously it included also R. pusillus monoceros and R. pusillus cornutus now raised to species level (Wu et al. 2012). 99712630,Murina harrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,harrisoni,,,,,"Csorba & Bates, 2005","Vietnamese populations of the species were formerly regarded as represent a separate species, Murina tiensa, but recent genetic (Francis and Eger 2012), morphological and morphometric studies (Son et al. 2015) showed that – although two distinct genetic clades are present – they are conspecific. The observed morphological differences which were once thought to be diagnostic to separate the two species are intraspecific variations and are due to the strong sexual dimorphism." 19564,Rhinolophus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,rufus,,,,,"Eydoux & Gervais, 1836", 136560,Hypsugo alaschanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,alaschanicus,,,,,"Bobrinskii, 1926","The genus Hypsugo for decades was considered within Pipistrellus (e.g. Koopman 1994), its status was approved morphologically (Horacek, Hanak, 1985-1986) and karyologically (Volleth, Heller, 1994), molecular data have shown the Hypsugo and Pipistrellus are not closely related (Roehrs et al. 2010). This species was previously listed as a subspecies of H. savii. The taxonomic status of the synonym coreensis requires further investigation, Horácek et al. (2000) suggested that it represented a subspecies, while Yoshiyuki (1989) treated it as a distinct species." 84379218,Rhinolophus rouxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,rouxii,,,,,"Temminck, 1835","This species belongs to rouxii species group. The taxon petersii Dobson, 1872 was included under Rhinolophus thomasi Andersen, 1905 by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). However, Sinha (1973), Corbet and Hill (1992), Koopman (1993), Bates and Harrison (1997) and Simmons (2005) synonymized it with Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835 (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). Two distinct species namely R. rouxii Kelaart, 1850 and R. indorouxii Chattopadhyay et al., 2012 are presently recognised. This taxon is presently endemic to India and Sri Lanka, and the Sri Lankan populations may prove to be distinct pending taxonomic revision." 2136,Artibeus lituratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,lituratus,,,,,"(Olfers, 1818)","This is part of the subgenus Artibeus. It includes palmarum and intermedius. It is not appropriate to treat intermedius as a subspecies of lituratus because it supposedly co-occurs with other populations of lituratus (referred to palmarum, which has priority) at several Central American localities. As there are no characters that unambiguously separate palmarum and intermedius, it seems most likely that intermedius simply represents individuals of palmarum that fall at the lower end of the normal range of size variation. Accordingly, intermediusis treated as a junior synonym of A. lituratus palmarum (Simmons 2005)." 88109731,Artibeus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,jamaicensis,,,,,"Leach, 1821","Larsen et al. (2007) examined the phylogenetics and phylogeography of the Jamaican fruit-eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis). Results document that A. jamaicensis (sensu Simmons 2005) comprises 3 monophyletic assemblages. According to the mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, A. jamaicensis, A. schwartzi, and A. planirostris are appropriate species-level names for these lineages." 136594,Thyroptera devivoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,THYROPTERIDAE,Thyroptera,devivoi,,,,,"Gregorin, Gonçalves, Lim & Engstrom, 2006","This is a newly described species. It was previously confused with T. lavali. It is possible that T. devivoi will be further split, separating the Guyana and Brazil subpopulations (Lim pers. comm.)." 136593,Rousettus linduensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,linduensis,,,,,"Maryanto & Yani, 2003", 136600,Hipposideros pelingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,pelingensis,,,,,"Shamel, 1940","Hipposideros pelingensis is part of the H. diadema species group and was previously considered a subspecies of H. dinops (Hill 1963 1983, Tate 1941). It is now treated as a separate species due to its distance from other H. dinops and diagnostic differences (Flannery 1995, Simmons 2005). Further taxonomic revision is required." 2132,Artibeus inopinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,inopinatus,,,,,"Davis & Carter, 1964","Subgenus Artibeus. Closely related to hirsutus but apparently distinct. See Webster and Jones (1983). This subgenus has been recognized as a distinct genus on molecular grounds (Lim et al. 2004), but there are no diagnostic morphological differences from Artibeus." 2131,Artibeus hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,hirsutus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1906", 136598,Plecotus ognevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,ognevi,,,,,"Kishida, 1927","In XX century was treated as a part of P. auritus and was known under the name P. a. sacrimontis G. Allen, 1908 (Strelkov, 1988, Tiunov, 1997). This taxon was elevated to species level and divided from P. sacrimontis by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Border between P. ognevi and P. sacrimontis is not clear, e.g. population from Kuril Islands is allocated to P. ognevi by Spitzenberger et al. (2006) and to P. sacrimontis by Fukui (2015)." 2130,Enchisthenes hartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Enchisthenes,hartii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)",Formerly included in Artibeus 19601,Rhinopoma macinnesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOPOMATIDAE,Rhinopoma,macinnesi,,,,,"Hayman, 1937",Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) placed this as a subspecies under R. hardwickei. 19602,Rhinopoma muscatellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOPOMATIDAE,Rhinopoma,muscatellum,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","Earlier the taxa muscatellum Thomas, 1903 and seianum Thomas, 1913 were treated as subspecies of Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Individuals from Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan are considered as R. muscatellum seianum based on morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis (Benda et al. 2012). The nominotypic subspecies is now restricted to the Arabian Peninsula (Benda and Gaisler 2015)." 99586593,Dermanura watsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,watsoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)","

Subgenus Dermanura. This subgenus has been recognized as a separate genus on molecular grounds, but there are no diagnostic morphological differences from Artibeus (Lim et al. 2004).

" 2140,Dermanura tolteca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,tolteca,,,,,"Saussure, 1860","This Middle American species has been associated to other names, including one from South America (like A. ravus; see Davis 1969). This could be the reason for the supposed presence of D. tolteca in Colombia (see Cuervo et al. 1986, Alberico et al. 2000), however, recent reviews don't support these claims (Solari et al. 2013)." 2139,Artibeus planirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,planirostris,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)",Simmons (2005) treats planirostris under jamaicensis pending further study. 83683287,Dermanura phaeotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,phaeotis,,,,,"Miller, 1902","The definition of this species has changed through the years and distinct researchers, Handley (1987) included A. ravus as a synonym, without further discussion, but previously Davis (1970) also synonymized other names under A. phaeotis. This view was kept by subsequent authors, like Simmons (2005). However, the molecular analyses by Solari et al. (2009) plus the side-by-side comparison of the type specimens (S. Solari pers. comm.) showed these two names represent distinct entities, and therefore valid species." 2137,Artibeus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,obscurus,,,,,"Schinz, 1821",Old records may have been called A. fuliginosus 19592,Rhinophylla fischerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Rhinophylla,fischerae,,,,,"Carter, 1966", 19591,Rhinophylla alethina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Rhinophylla,alethina,,,,,"Handley, 1966", 136577,Platyrrhinus masu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,masu,,,,,"Velazco, 2005", 136587,Pteralopex flanneryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteralopex,flanneryi,,,,,"Helgen, 2005","Traditionally, a single species of Pteralopex was thought to occur in the Greater Bukida Islands: Pteralopex anceps. However, there are actually two species here: P. anceps is a yellow-bellied species that, unlike P. flanneryi, prefers upland habitats (Helgen 2005)." 2127,Artibeus fraterculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,fraterculus,,,,,"Anthony, 1924",This used to be a subspecies of A. jamaicensis. 19600,Rhinopoma microphyllum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOPOMATIDAE,Rhinopoma,microphyllum,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1792)",Includes hadithaensis. 82345477,Rhinopoma hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOPOMATIDAE,Rhinopoma,hardwickii,,,,,"Gray, 1831","Sometimes spelled hardwickei (because the species was named after Major General Hardwicke), but the original spelling is hardwickii (see Simmons 2005 and references therein). Hulva et al. (2007) presented a phylogenetic analysis and found deep divergences in the Rhinopoma hardwickii lineage, suggesting to split the species to two separate species; Afro-Arabian R. cystops Thomas, 1903 and Irano-Indian R. hardwickii s.str." 83683065,Dermanura glauca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,glauca,,,,,"Thomas, 1893","This was previously listed under the genus Artibeus, but a phylogenetic study by Hoofer et al. (2008) and Solari et al. (2009) suggested these two names, considered subgenera: Artibeus (or large Artibeus) and Dermanura (or small Artibeus), although sister to each other are better considered as valid genera. The previous definition of D. glauca included several names as junior synonyms or subspecies (see Simmons 2005), but most of these are not closely related as revealed by morphological (Lim et al. 2008) and molecular analyses (Solari et al. 2009), and are better considered as valid species (i.e. bogotensis, rosenbergi)." 2125,Artibeus concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,concolor,,,,,"Peters, 1865",This is sometimes placed in its own monotypic genus Koopmania. 2126,Artibeus fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,fimbriatus,,,,,"Gray, 1838", 136586,Hipposideros scutinares,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,scutinares,,,,,"Robinson, Jenkins, Francis & Fulford, 2003", 136591,Sturnira mistratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,mistratensis,,,,,"Vega & Cadena, 2000",The taxonomic status is unknown because it is only known from the holotype. 2123,Dermanura azteca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,azteca,,,,,"(K. Andersen, 1906)","Artibeus aztecus - Subgenus Dermanura (Simmons 2005).
This genus has been recognized as a separate genus on molecular grounds (Lim et al. 2004), but there are no diagnostic morphological differences from Artibeus.

The previous (2008) assessment for this species was published under the genus Artibeus. This is an amended assessment, under the newly recognised genus Dermanura." 2124,Dermanura cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,cinerea,,,,,"Gervais, 1856","Subgenus Dermanura (Simmons 2005). This subgenus has been recognized as a separate genus on molecular grounds, but there are no diagnostic morphological differences from Artibeus (Lim et al. 2004). Previously listed under genus Artibeus." 2121,Artibeus amplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,amplus,,,,,"Handley, 1987", 2122,Dermanura anderseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,anderseni,,,,,"(Osgood, 1916)","Subgenus Dermanura (Simmons 2005). This subgenus has been recognized as a separate genus on molecular grounds, but there are no diagnostic morphological differences from Artibeus (Lim et al. 2004).

The previous (2008) assessment for this species was published under the genus Artibeus. This is an amended assessment, under the newly recognised genus Dermanura." 19593,Rhinophylla pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Rhinophylla,pumilio,,,,,"Peters, 1865", 19755,Rousettus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,celebensis,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1907", 136240,Kerivoula kachinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,kachinensis,,,,,"Bates, Struebig, Rossiter, Kingston, Sia Sein Lein Oo & Khin Mya Mya, 2004", 136239,Anoura fistulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,fistulata,,,,,"Muchhala, Mena-Valenzuela & Albuja, 2005",Western outlying population may be Anoura cadenai (Mantilla in press). 19756,Rousettus leschenaultii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,leschenaultii,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1820)",Two subspecies are recognized: Rousettus leschenaultii seminudus (endemic to Sri Lanka) and Rousettus leschenaultii leschenaultii distributed throughout the rest of the range (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). 19754,Rousettus amplexicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,amplexicaudatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)","This species, as currently defined, probably includes several undescribed, ""cryptic"" species in the Moluccas (K. Helgen in litt.). On the mainland the separation of the species from R. leschenaultii is sometimes problematic, the two species occur sympatrically." 136233,Miniopterus paululus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,paululus,,,,,"Hollister, 1913", 19758,Rousettus lanosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,lanosus,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 136232,Platyrrhinus ismaeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,ismaeli,,,,,"Velazco, 2005",This species has been split from Platyrrhinus dorsalis (Velazco pers. comm). 136229,Plecotus macrobullaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,macrobullaris,,,,,"Kuzjakin, 1965","Described as a subspecies of P. auritus from northern Ossetia, Russia. Its specific status was first recognized for populations of the Alps, which were described as new species: Plecotus alpinus by Kiefer and Veith (2002) and Plecotus microdontus by Spitzenberger et al. (2002). Later it turned out that these names were younger synonyms of P. macrobullaris (Spitzenberger et al. 2003)." 4112,Centronycteris maximiliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Centronycteris,maximiliani,,,,,"(Fischer, 1829)","C. centralis recently split from this species (Simmons and Handley 1998, Simmons 2005)." 19751,Rousettus spinalatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,spinalatus,,,,,"Bergmans & Hill, 1980", 19749,Boneia bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Boneia,bidens,,,,,"Jentink, 1879","Simmons (2005) follows Corbet and Hill (1992) by referring this species to the subgenus Boneia. Some authors (Andersen 1912, Koopman 1993) place it in its own genus (Boneia) but see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988) and Bergmans (1994)." 19750,Rousettus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,madagascariensis,,,,,"G. Grandidier, 1928", 136250,Myotis davidii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,davidii,,,,,"Peters, 1869",This species was previously included as a subspecies of Myotis mystacinus. 136247,Erophylla bombifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Erophylla,bombifrons,,,,,"(Miller, 1899)",Erophylla bombifrons is included in sezekorni. Its taxonomy was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). 15011,Nyctophilus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,walkeri,,,,,"Thomas, 1892", 15009,Nyctophilus sherrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,sherrini,,,,,"Thomas, 1915","This taxon was previously considered part of Nyctophilus timoriensis, or occasionally as N. gouldi, but it is now identified as a separate species (N. sherrini), as originally described (Thomas, 1915) (Parnaby 2009)." 136268,Carollia sowelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,sowelli,,,,,"Baker, Solari & Hoffmann, 2002","Specimens of this species were previously referred to brevicauda, which is now thought to be restricted to eastern Panama and South America; see Baker et al. (2002). It is possible that these taxa occur in sympatry in Panama, but this has not yet been demonstrated." 41532,Lasiurus xanthinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,xanthinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1897",Subgenus Dasypterus. Often considered a subspecies of ega. 41531,Eptesicus gobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,gobiensis,,,,,"Bobrinskii, 1926","Based on morphological and molecular evidence, it is suggested that E. gobiensis includes two susbspecies – E. g. gobiensis (including centralasiaticus Bobrinskii, 1926; kashgaricus Bobrinskii, 1926) and E. g. bobrinskoi (Artyushin et al. 2012). Is sometime considered conspecific with E. nilssoni." 19801,Saccolaimus peli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccolaimus,peli,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)", 19804,Saccopteryx bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccopteryx,bilineata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1838)","Several subspecies have been recognized, but these do not appear justified; see Simmons and Voss (1998)." 41530,Tonatia saurophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Tonatia,saurophila,,,,,"Koopman & Williams, 1951",This species was split from T. bidens. 41529,Rhinolophus sinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,sinicus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905","This species belongs to rouxii species group. Earlier listed under Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Corbet and Hill 1992, Bates and Harrison 1997), now considered to be a distinct species (Thomas 1997, Thomas 2000, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2001, Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu et al. 2012)." 19806,Saccopteryx gymnura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccopteryx,gymnura,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","This species may be confused with Saccopteryx antioquensis, although they are not sympatric (Munoz and Cuartas 2001)." 19805,Saccopteryx canescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccopteryx,canescens,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",This species may be confused with S. gymnura. 41534,Arielulus circumdatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Arielulus,circumdatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","This species was sometimes placed under Pipistrellus (Hill, Harrison, 1987) or Eptesicus (Volleth, Heller, 1994); allocation to separate genus Arielulus was proposed and argued by Csorba and Lee (1999)." 19807,Saccopteryx leptura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccopteryx,leptura,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)", 41533,Nycticeinops schlieffeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nycticeinops,schlieffeni,,,,,"(Peters, 1859)",This species was previously listed under the genus Nycticeius (Monadjem et al. 2010). The validity of the subspecies Nycticeinops schlieffeni australis (Thomas & Wroughton 1908) and N. s. fitzsimonsi (Roberts 1932) is currently considered uncertain (Monadjem et al. 2010; Happold 2013). The northern Namibian population appears isolated and hence might represent a unique evolutionary lineage but further molecular studies are needed to resolve this (Monadjem et al. 2010). 136279,Myotis annamiticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,annamiticus,,,,,"Kruskop & Tsytsulina, 2001","

The species is closely related to M. laniger (Francis et al. 2010; Ruedi et al. 2013, 2015), but well differ by morphology (Kruskop pers. comm. 2013).

" 41527,Cormura brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Cormura,brevirostris,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)",The genus Cormura is monotypic (Bernard 2003). 14967,Nyctimene vizcaccia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,vizcaccia,,,,,"Thomas, 1914","Classification of Nyctimeninae remains problematic and there has been considerable taxonomic confusion (Irwin 2017). Authors vary widely in the species they recognize. Simmons (2005) considers the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands to support populations of N. vizcaccia, but note that an additional form of ‘albiventer’ is also present on the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago. Several other authors have noted more than one form of ‘albiventer‘ and ‘vizcaccia’ (e.g. Aplin et al. 2015, Aplin and Opiang 2011, Anthony et al. 2001) in the Admiralty and Bismarck archipelagos. Molecular and morphological studies will be required to determine the true affinities of regional populations currently referred to as N. vizcaccia and N. albiventer." 19685,Rhogeessa tumida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,tumida,,,,,"H. Allen, 1866",Listed as a subspecies of parvula. Does not include aeneus; see Genoways and Baker (1996). Does not include io; see Genoways and Baker (1996). 14966,Nyctimene robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,robinsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 14965,Nyctimene major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,major,,,,,"(Dobson, 1877)", 14964,Nyctimene certans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,certans,,,,,"Andersen, 1912","A recent taxonomic study by Irwin (2017) resolved the taxonomic status of four similar-sized Nyctimene that occur on the island of New Guinea and provided revised diagnoses for three of them. The distinct species status of N. certans was supported by morphological analyses, and it is not synonymous with N. cyclotis." 19683,Rhogeessa mira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,mira,,,,,"LaVal, 1973", 14963,Nyctimene cephalotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,cephalotes,,,,,"(Pallas, 1767)","A record from Numfoor Island, Indonesia, represents a separate, undescribed Geelvinck Bay bat taxon (K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 19684,Rhogeessa parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,parvula,,,,,"H. Allen, 1866", 19681,Baeodon gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Baeodon,gracilis,,,,,"Miller, 1897", 11138,Laephotis wintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Laephotis,wintoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","Based on morphometric data (Jacobs et al. 2005; Kearney & Seamark 2005), this species may be conspecific with Laephotis namibensis (Monadjem et al. 2010; Kearney 2013), where L. namibensis might constitute the paler, western race of L. wintoni (Peterson 1973; Monadjem et al. 2010). Molecular studies are recommended to clarify the taxonomic relationships within this genus (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 19682,Rhogeessa minutilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,minutilla,,,,,"Miller, 1897",There is a subspecies which might be a full species (Soriano pers. comm.) 11137,Laephotis namibensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Laephotis,namibensis,,,,,"Setzer, 1971","Based on morphometric data (Kearney et al. 2002; Jacobs et al. 2005; Kearney & Seamark 2005), this species may be conspecific with Laephotis wintoni (Monadjem et al. 2010). No clear morphological distinction was found between the two species by Kearney and Seamark (2005), and L. namibensis might constitute the paler, western race of L. wintoni (Peterson 1973; Monadjem et al. 2010). It was not assessed in the previous Red List for this reason (Friedmann & Daly 2004). The lack of significant morphological differences emphasises the need for molecular studies to clarify the taxonomic relationships within this genus and the geographical boundaries between species (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 14961,Nyctimene sanctacrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,sanctacrucis,,,,,"Troughton, 1931","This is currently recognized as a valid species, but it may be a subspecies of Nyctimene major (K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 14959,Nyctimene masalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,masalai,,,,,"Smith & Hood, 1983","We follow Simmons (2005) in recognizing this species. However, it is worth noting that Flannery (1995) and Flannery and White (1991) consider Nyctimene masalai to be a synonym of N. albiventer, and Bergmans (2001) also questions the validity of the species. A full revision of the systematics of Nyctimene across the region, particularly in the Bismarck Archipelago, is required to evaluate its taxonomic status." 14960,Nyctimene minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,minutus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1910","The holotype from Manado in north Sulawesi of Nyctimene minutus is probably a geographically mislabelled ""N. albiventer"". We follow Simmons (2005) here in including N. varius as a subspecies of N. minutus as the taxonomic status of N. minutus and N. m. varius is unclear." 14958,Nyctimene malaitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,malaitensis,,,,,"Phillips, 1968", 14955,Nyctimene cyclotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,cyclotis,,,,,"Andersen, 1910","A recent taxonomic study by Irwin (2017) resolved the taxonomic status of four similar-sized Nyctimene that occur on the island of New Guinea and provided revised diagnoses for three of them. The distinct species status of N. cyclotis was supported by morphological analyses, and it is not synonymous with N. certans." 136192,Hipposideros orbiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,orbiculus,,,,,"Francis, Kock & Habersetzer, 1999", 14956,Nyctimene draconilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,draconilla,,,,,"Thomas, 1922","This species is one of five on the island of New Guinea with a body size smaller than that of Nyctimene aello. It was not included in the study of Irwin (2017), so there is limited information about its taxonomic relationships with these other species of similar size." 14953,Nyctimene rabori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,rabori,,,,,"Heaney & Peterson, 1984", 14954,Nyctimene aello,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,aello,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)","The eastern and western distribution on the island of New Guinea might represent subspecies, but this has not been tested (Flannery 1995)." 14947,Scotorepens sanborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotorepens,sanborni,,,,,"(Troughton, 1937)",The western and eastern Australian populations have been shown to have significant genetic differences (T. Reardon pers. comm.). 14946,Scoteanax rueppellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scoteanax,rueppellii,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)", 15006,Nyctophilus howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,howensis,,,,,"McKean, 1975","McKean (1975) described the species from a single skull found in a shallow cave, and provisionally placed it within the genus Nyctophilus. While the generic assignment remains uncertain (Parnaby 2009, Jackson and Groves 2015) the species status appears to be unchallenged." 136201,Austronomus kuboriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Austronomus,kuboriensis,,,,,"(McKean & Calaby, 1968)",There are no taxonomic issues with this species. 15005,Nyctophilus heran,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,heran,,,,,"Kitchener, How & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991","Nyctophilus heran is known only from the holotype. It is similar to N. geoffroyi and hence it may be related (Kitchener et al. 1991, Corbet and Hill 1992)." 4133,Centurio senex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Centurio,senex,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 136204,Myotis dinellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,dinellii,,,,,"I. Geoffroy, 1824",It was a subspecies of levis; Barquez et al. (2006) treat as species. 15007,Nyctophilus microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,microdon,,,,,"Laurie & Hill, 1954","This species is limited to the highlands of Papua New Guinea, so there is no suggestion of taxonomic issues apparent from the pattern of its distribution. However, a recent capture from Hela Province was genetically divergent from samples from Chimbu Province (Armstrong et al. 2019, K.N. Armstrong unpublished data). Further taxonomic work is required." 136203,Platyrrhinus albericoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,albericoi,,,,,"Velazco, 2005",This species can be confused with P. vittatus. 136207,Micronycteris matses,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,matses,,,,,"Simmons, Voss & Fleck, 2002", 15000,Nyctophilus arnhemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,arnhemensis,,,,,"Johnson, 1959",The genus Lamingtonia is a synonym of Nyctophilus. 14994,Nyctinomops femorosaccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Nyctinomops,femorosaccus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1899)", 14993,Nyctinomops aurispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Nyctinomops,aurispinosus,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)",Nyctinomops aurispinosus includes similis; see Jones and Arroyo-Cabrales (1990). 19714,Rhynchonycteris naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Rhynchonycteris,naso,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)",The genus is monotypic. 14995,Nyctinomops laticaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Nyctinomops,laticaudatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1805)","This species includes yucatanicus, europs and gracilis; see Freeman (1981), and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). It includes espiritosantensis, see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata) because the generic name is masculine. It was reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002)." 136217,Lasiurus pfeifferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,pfeifferi,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1861)",May represent a subspecies of seminolus 136219,Myotis bucharensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,bucharensis,,,,,"Kuzyakin, 1950","Formerly included in M. frater, but clearly distinct; see Horacek et al. (2000) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001)." 11135,Laephotis angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Laephotis,angolensis,,,,,"Monard, 1935",Laephotis angolensis may be conspecific with L. botswanae. 11136,Laephotis botswanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Laephotis,botswanae,,,,,"Setzer, 1971","Could be the same species as Laephotis angolensis, which would make L. botswanae a larger race of the latter (Peterson 1973; Kearney & Seamark 2005). Kearney and Seamark (2005) identified four cranial measurements based on a multivariate morphometric analysis to separate L. botswanae from the other three congeners. No subspecies are recognized (Kearney 2013)." 136220,Rhogeessa hussoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,hussoni,,,,,"Genoways & Baker, 1996",This species has been split. Records from northern Brazil are R. io and from southern Brazil are R. hussoni. R. tumida is now restricted to Central American populations. Museum records should be reviewed. 136209,Pipistrellus hanaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,hanaki,,,,,"Hulva & Benda, 2004","

This dwarf bat, originally described from Cyrenaica, Libya, differs from its nearest relatives P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus chromosomally, and by its larger skull and teeth, and a number of other characters (Benda et al. 2004). The Cretan subspecies P. hanaki creticus has a significantly smaller body and skull size compared to the nominotypical subspecies from Cyrenaica and similar to other members of the species group, mainly to their Middle East populations. On the other hand, its teeth dimensions overlap largely or are of similar ranges with those of the Libyan population (Benda et al. 2008). The Cretan population may belong to a separate species.

" 136356,Dyacopterus brooksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dyacopterus,brooksi,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 123984355,Natalus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Natalus,mexicanus,,,,,"Miller, 1902","This was a subspecies under Natalus stramineus.

López-Wilchis et al. (2012) analyzed morphological and molecular characters to determine if two distinct species of Funnel-eared Bats (N. lanatus and N. mexicanus) occur in Mexico. They found that the proposed diagnostic morphological characters that separate the two taxa are not consistent and rarely differentiate between the two forms. Likewise, phylogenetic analyses do not support the separation of Natalus into two species in Mexico, but there is clearly geographic structure when all Mexican haplotypes are combined into N. mexicanus. The results of both morphological and molecular analyses point to the presence of a single species of Natalus in Mexico." 136374,Dobsonia anderseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,anderseni,,,,,"Thomas, 1914","Dobsonia anderseni is sometimes treated as a subspecies of D. moluccensis (e.g. Laurie and Hill 1954, Koopman 1979) but more commonly as a full species (e.g. Flannery 1995, Bonaccorso 1998, Simmons 2005). Flannery (1995) also notes differences between the Bismarck Archipelago and Admiralty Group populations that merit further investigations." 84891540,Pteropus capistratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,capistratus,,,,,"Peters, 1876",This is a new taxonomic concept for P. capistratus. Previously the taxon also included P. ennisae from New Ireland Island now considered a distinct species following Alemeida et al. (2014). 136378,Platyrrhinus matapalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,matapalensis,,,,,"Velazco, 2005",This species was previously included in Platyrrhinus helleri. 14929,Nycteris grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,grandis,,,,,"Peters, 1865","N. marica Kershaw, 1923, is the available name for the southern savanna species if it is recognised as distinct from this species." 14930,Nycteris hispida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,hispida,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)","The species was originally described in Senegal (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Meester et al. (1986) recognised two subspecies, with the nominate subspecies occurring throughout Africa and N. hispida villosa limited to south of the Zambezi River. However, these two subspecies do not appear to occupy geographically distinct regions and van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1993) concluded that N. hispida is uniform throughout its entire distribution area and thus cannot be divided into subspecies (although they were not able to examine specimens of the villosa form). Hence, in the absence of genetic data, no subspecies are recognised." 14931,Nycteris intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,intermedia,,,,,"Aellen, 1959",This species is easily confused with Nycteris arge and N. nana. It was formerly included in Nycteris arge but is now considered to be a distinct species (Simmons 2005). 14932,Nycteris javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,javanica,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1813","Simmons (2005) does not include Nycteris tragata in N. javanica following Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1955) and Van Cakenberge and De Vree (1993), also see Corbet and Hill (1992)." 14933,Nycteris macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,macrotis,,,,,"Dobson, 1876","N. vinsoni, which was in the 1996 Red List, was included as a synonym under this (D. Kock pers. comm.) in 2000, but then resurrected again as a good species in 2004. It is also considered by some to be a ssp. of macrotis. N. macrotis is possibly a species complex - the west African form appears smaller (W. Cotterill pers. comm.)." 14934,Nycteris major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,major,,,,,"(K. Andersen, 1912)", 136386,Nycticeius cubanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nycticeius,cubanus,,,,,"Gundlach, 1861","Apparently distinct from humeralis; see Hall (1981), but also see Varona (1974)." 14935,Nycteris nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,nana,,,,,"(K. Andersen, 1912)", 14936,Nycteris thebaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,thebaica,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1818","South Africa
Meester et al. (1986) recognised three subspecies in the region; however, these threepopulations do not appear to occupy geographically isolated areas and because they represent stages in a gradual cline in characters from east to west where individuals in the east tend to be darker and smaller, while those from the Northern Cape and Namibia are significantly larger and distinctly paler (Monadjem et al. 2010), we do not recognise any subspecies in southern Africa." 136397,Pteropus cognatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,cognatus,,,,,"Andersen, 1908",The taxonomy of Pteropus cognatus in relation to P. rayneri and P. rennelli is in need of review. 14937,Nycteris tragata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,tragata,,,,,"(K. Andersen, 1912)","This species is often considered to be a subspecies of Nycteris javanica (Corbet and Hill 1992). However, it is recognised as a distinct species by Simmons (2005), also see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1955) and Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993)." 14939,Nycteris woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,woodi,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1914","South Africa
Historically, two subspecies were previously recognised: Nycteris woodi sabensis (Roberts 1946) from Zimbabwe and a Zambian counterpart, N. w. woodi (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Since these two subspecies do not appear to be geographically isolated, they are not currently distinguished as subspecies (Monadjem et al. 2010; Cotterill 2013). It is also not considered to include N. parisii (Cotterill 2013). Taxonomic revision of this group is necessary (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 136393,Chaerephon jobimena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,jobimena,,,,,"Goodman & Cardiff, 2004","This endemic species from Madagascar  was described by Goodman and Cardiff (2004). It was described in the genus Chaerephon, but was previously included on the IUCN Red List under the genus Tadarida following a proposed continental classification of the Molossidae prepared by David and Meredith Happold for the Mammals of Africa.

Lamb et al. (2011) indicate that, although morphologically similar to other Chaerephon taxa, C. jobimena is genetically more similar to Tadarida. In particular, it is closest to T. aegyptiaca, however, Tadarida is not a natural group and these two species should probably be assigned to another genus. Until the relationships are fully resolved, jobimena is treated here under Chaerephon." 14944,Nycticeius humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nycticeius,humeralis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)","Nycticeius humeralis does not include cubanus; see Hall (1981), but also see Varona (1974)." 14918,Nyctalus lasiopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,lasiopterus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1780)", 136401,Miniopterus sororculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,sororculus,,,,,"Goodman, Ryan, Maminirina, Fahr, Christidis & Appleton, 2007",Specimens from Madagascar assigned to M. fraterculus by Peterson et al. (1995) and Simmons (2005) are now considered to be a distinct species (Goodman et al. 2007). 14920,Nyctalus noctula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,noctula,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)","Nyctalus furvus (Japan) and N. plancyi (eastern China and Taiwan) are now considered as separate species (Simmons 2005). Nyctalus labiatus, although still generally regarded as a subspecies of N. noctula, is morphologically very distinct and is regarded by G. Csorba (unpublished) as a separate species. Records of N. noctula from the Himalayas and the Indomalayan Region are referable either to N. labiatus or N. plancyi.

" 14919,Nyctalus leisleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,leisleri,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1817)", 14921,Nyctalus aviator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,aviator,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",This species has previously been considered as a subspecies of lasiopterus. 14923,Nyctalus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,montanus,,,,,"(Barrett-Hamilton, 1906)","Earlier included under Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered distinct (Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005). Recently reviewed by Benda and Gaisler (2015)." 136410,Rhinolophus madurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,madurensis,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1918","

Although Csorba et al. (2003) listed Rhinolophus madurensis in R. celebensis, Simmons (2005) recognizes R. madurensis as separate species following Bergmans and van Bree (1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995).

" 14926,Nycteris arge,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,arge,,,,,"Thomas, 1903",Frequently or easily confused with Nycteris major. Formerly included within N. intermedia (Simmons 2005). 136409,Murina hilgendorfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,hilgendorfi,,,,,"Peters, 1880","Muirna hilgendorfi was once synonymized with the related M. leucogaster (Bobrinskyi et al. 1965), and this point ov view was accepted until recently (e.g. Koopman 1994, Botvinkin 2002). Yoshiyuki considered M. hilgendorfi from Japan a distinct species (Yoshiyuki 1989), but erroneously divided it from all mainland populations. Currently species status of M. hilgendorfi is accepted (Simmons 2005) and got some support from molecular data (Kruskop et al. 2012). Relationship with poorly known M. fusca from North-East China require further studies." 14928,Nycteris gambiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,gambiensis,,,,,"(K. Andersen, 1912)", 136411,Myotis rufopictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,rufopictus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1845)","

Previously Myotis rufopictus was considered to be a subspecies of M. formosus (Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Simmons 2005), but was elevated to full species on the basis of cranial, dental and external morphology (Heaney et al. 1998, Csorba et al. 2014). Large differences in skull measurements of Chrysopteron specimens within the Philippines and records of a reddish form in the islands (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2015) imply the presence of a second species beside M. rufopictus. However, published information were written before it became clear how to distinguish these species, so the present assessment lumps the two Philippine species together.

" 14927,Nycteris aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,aurita,,,,,"(K. Andersen, 1912)",Nycteris aurita is often considered as a synonym or subspecies of N. hispida (Simmons 2005). 136292,Histiotus magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Histiotus,magellanicus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1866)","Often treated as a subspecies of montanus, but apparently distinct." 4320,Chaerephon solomonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,solomonis,,,,,"(Troughton, 1931)","Often this species is included in Chaerephon jobensis (e.g., Felten 1964, Koopman 1993), but others treat it as a distinct species (e.g., Flannery 1995, Simmons 2005). The species was previously treated under Tadarida on the IUCN Red List. Parnaby et al. (2017) consider the taxonomic status of the species unresolved." 4319,Chaerephon russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,russatus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917",Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Chaerephon is russata (not russatus) because the species name must agree with the generic name in gender.

[[This is not accepted by ACR 2014 - the original combination is russatus]] 4318,Mops pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,pusillus,,,,,"(Miller, 1902)","

This species has gone through several different genera since first described, as well as different spellings of the species name. The first specimen was collected in 1893 from Aldabra Atoll, in western Seychelles, by Abbot (1894) and was identified as Chaerephon pumila but, in 1902, Miller categorized the specimens as a new species, Nyctinomus pusilla. Hayman and Hill (1971) later changed its genus to Tadarida, and then Koopman (1994) changed it again to Chaerephon. The name pusilla (Miller 1902) began being used as a synonym of pumila by Hayman and Hill (1971), and the species was seemingly grouped with the specimens also found on Comoros, Madagascar and Sub Saharan Africa (Hutson, 2004). Some considered them to be different forms of the same species, as C. pumilus shows a lot of phenotypic variation (Goodman et al. 2010), while others seemed to believe there were different subspecies (Goodman and Ratrimonmanarivo, 2007), and some recognized there were probably different species consolidated under the name Chaerephon pumilus (Simmons, 2005).

In 2007, however, Goodman and Ratrimomanarivo analyzed the morphology of the specimens from Aldabra Atoll, as well as specimens from Kenya, northern Madagascar and the four main islands of Comoros (Mayotte, Moheli, Anjouan and Grande Comore). They concluded that those found on Aldabra Atoll were morphologically different from the others, and had gone through significant differentiation. Thus, they recommended that Chaerephon pusillus cease to be a synonym of Chaerephon pumilus and become a distinct species.

Goodman et al. (2010) later analyzed the specimens’ morphological and molecular genetics. They found that the specimens from the Comoros fell on the same clade of those from Aldabra Atoll, and should therefore be included in the taxon Chaerephon pusillus.

Following molecular and morphological investigation into the relationship and evolutionary history of the different sub-families and genera in the Molossidae family (Lamb et al. 2011, Ammerman et al. 2012, Ammerman et al. 2013, Gregorin and Cirranello 2015, Amador et al. 2016), the genus Chaerephon has been merged with Mops, thus the species is now known as Mops pusillus.

" 136306,Lasiurus degelidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,degelidus,,,,,"Miller, 1931", 67362271,Chaerephon pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,pumilus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1830-1831)", 4316,Chaerephon plicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,plicatus,,,,,"(Buchanan, 1800)", 4315,Chaerephon nigeriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,nigeriae,,,,,"Thomas, 1913","This may be a complex of two distinct species, with Chaerephon nigeriae in the north of the known distribution and C. spillmani in the south. We follow Simmons (2005) in currently recognizing spillmani Monard, 1933 as a subspecies of nigeriae." 4314,Chaerephon major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,major,,,,,"(Trouessart, 1897)", 136310,Miniopterus newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,newtoni,,,,,"Bocage, 1889",Recently elevated from synonymy with Miniopterus minor by Juste et al. (2007). 4313,Chaerephon johorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,johorensis,,,,,"(Dobson, 1873)", 4311,Chaerephon gallagheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,gallagheri,,,,,"(Harrison, 1975)", 4310,Chaerephon chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,chapini,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917",We follow the African Chiroptera Report (ACR 2014) by including Chaerephon shortridgei in C. chapini. 14830,Noctilio leporinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NOCTILIONIDAE,Noctilio,leporinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species is in the subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). The Antillean form was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003) 88151760,Rhogeessa io,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,io,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","Karyotypic and genetic studies of a population of Rhogeessa io from western Ecuador, revealed that the form referred to as R. io velilla should be treated as a valid species (Baird et al. 2008)." 14829,Noctilio albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NOCTILIONIDAE,Noctilio,albiventris,,,,,"Desmarest, 1818","This species is in the subgenus Dirias. It was formerly referred to as labialis. See Simmons and Voss (1998) for discussion of Amazonian subspecies. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). It may include more than one species; see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001). Anwarali et al.(2014), indicate that additional genetic data doesn't support polyphyly of the species. Clear genetic and geographic structure exist in the species, but no instances of ongoing hybridization exist between N. albiventris and N. leporinus." 4308,Chaerephon bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,bivittatus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1861)", 4307,Chaerephon bemmeleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,bemmeleni,,,,,"(Jentink, 1879)","This may be a complex of two distinct species, one in the east of the range and one in the west. Further taxonomic studies are needed to resolve this." 4306,Chaerephon ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,ansorgei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)","This species was previously listed under Tadarida (Hayman & Hill 1971; Largen et al. 1974; Corbet & Hill 1980), and is physically very similar to Tadarida aegyptiaca, especially in pelage colour, although somewhat smaller in size. However, Koopman (1975) and Freeman (1981) described the relationship between this species and Chaerephon bivitatta and C. bemmeleni, and resultantly included this species under the genus Chaerephon, which was later supported by Meester et al. 1986) and Koopman (1993). No subspecies have been identified." 4305,Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,aloysiisabaudiae,,,,,"(Festa, 1907)", 136317,Platyrrhinus nigellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,nigellus,,,,,"(Gardner & Carter, 1972)",This used to be a complex of two species (Velazco pers. comm.). 10981,Kerivoula papillosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,papillosa,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","This species does not include Kerivoula lenis (Simmons 2005), although some specimens referred to this species may represent lenis, which appears to be broadly sympatric with papillosa (Vanitharani et al. 2003)." 136321,Xeronycteris vieirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Xeronycteris,vieirai,,,,,"Gregorin & Ditchfield, 2005",The species is most similar to Platalina genovesium. 10982,Phoniscus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Phoniscus,papuensis,,,,,"(Dobson, 1878)", 10983,Kerivoula pellucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,pellucida,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1845)",This species requires taxonomic review (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006). 10984,Kerivoula phalaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,phalaena,,,,,"Thomas, 1912", 10977,Kerivoula lanosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,lanosa,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1847)","There are four subspecies recognised across its range (Cotterill 2013), of which two occur in the assessment region (Meester et al. 1986). Kerivoula lanosa lanosa (A. Smith 1847) is endemic to the Cape provinces of South Africa (Cotterill 2013); while Kerivoula lanosa lucia Hinton 1920 occurs from KwaZulu-Natal through southern Africa (Cotterill 2013). However, owing to the limited number of specimens available, the validity of these subspecies cannot currently be determined. Furthermore, the taxonomic relationships within the African species of Kerivoula have yet to be determined (Monadjem et al. 2010; Cotterill 2013). Further molecular work should be performed to resolve the possible species complex.
" 12938,Lyroderma lyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MEGADERMATIDAE,Lyroderma,lyra,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1810","Earlier a subgenus Lyroderma Peters, 1872 is presently upgraded to genus level (Eick et al. 2012, Kaňuch et al. 2015, Soisook et al. 2015, Benda and Gaisler 2015). Earlier, the taxon caurina Andersen and Wroughton, 1907 was recognized as valid subspecies (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), but later it was synonymized with the nominate subspecies (Brosset 1962, Sinha 1970, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005)." 10978,Kerivoula minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,minuta,,,,,"Miller, 1898",This species may be conspecific with Kerivoula intermedia. 12939,Megaderma spasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MEGADERMATIDAE,Megaderma,spasma,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 10980,Kerivoula myrella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,myrella,,,,,"Thomas, 1914","The type locality of Kerivoula myrella is Manus Island, Admiralty Group, Papua New Guinea. The only direct comparison of the geographically remote population on the Bismarck Archipelago was made by Hill (1965) based on one example from Manus Island and four from the Bismarck Group. Given the wide geographic separation of the two discrete populations, and the low tolerance of all species of Kerivoula for passage across open habitats, there is a high likelihood that the two populations can be differentiated taxonomically. This possibility needs to be tested through a modern revision using all available materials. The Bismarck population is here referred to as Kerivoula cf. myrella." 6206,Cyttarops alecto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Cyttarops,alecto,,,,,"Thomas, 1913",The genus is monotypic. 10985,Kerivoula picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,picta,,,,,"(Pallas, 1767)", 10986,Kerivoula smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,smithii,,,,,"Thomas, 1880", 10987,Kerivoula whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,whiteheadi,,,,,"Thomas, 1894", 14876,Notopteris macdonaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Notopteris,macdonaldi,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 136348,Lonchophylla chocoana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,chocoana,,,,,"Dávalos, 2004", 136350,Centronycteris centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Centronycteris,centralis,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",This species was formerly included in maximiliani but is clearly distinct; see Simmons and Handley (1998). 12946,Megaerops ecaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Megaerops,ecaudatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1837)","Corbet and Hill 1992, referred some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Viet Nam to niphanae (Hill 1983, Van Peenen et al. 1969). However, according to Srinivasulu et al. (in prep.) some records from northeastern India are referable to Megaerops ecaudatus." 12945,Megaerops kusnotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Megaerops,kusnotoi,,,,,"Hill & Boeadi, 1978", 136351,Epomophorus anselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,anselli,,,,,"Bergmans & van Strien, 2004", 12947,Megaerops niphanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Megaerops,niphanae,,,,,"Yenbutra & Felten, 1983","In the past this species has often been confused with Megaerops ecaudatus. Simmons (2005), following Corbet and Hill (1992), accorded records of M. ecaudatus (Temminck, 1837) from India to this taxon (Srinivasulu et al. in prep.). However, ongoing studies reveal that the characters match M. ecaudatus more than M. niphanae (Srinivasulu et al. in prep.)." 20064,Scotophilus borbonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,borbonicus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1803)","The taxonomic status of Scotophilus borbonicus on Madagascar is unclear. A single specimen from Madagascar is referred to as Scotophilus cf. borbonicus by Goodman at al. (2005), but unequivocal determination was not possible because of the poor state of the lectotype from La Réunion." 20058,Scotomanes ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotomanes,ornatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1851)","Earlier included under Scotoeinus Dobson, 1875 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), the taxon emarginatus Dobson, 1871, is included under Scotomanes ornatus (Blyth, 1851) (Sinha and Chakraborty 1971, Hill 1974, Corbet and Hill 1992, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2020). The taxon imbrensis Thomas, 1921, earlier synonymized under Scotomanes ornatus (Blyth, 1851) (Das et al. 1995, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997), is treated as subspecies (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Corbet and Hill 1992, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu et al. 2012)." 20056,Scotoecus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotoecus,pallidus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1876)","Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) treated this taxon as Nycticeius pallidus Dobson, 1876. However, Hill (1974) reviewed the status of this species and included this taxon under Scotoecus Thomas, 1901, a trend that was followed by all subsequent workers. Tate (1942) opined that if noctulinus I. Geoffroy, 1831 is identifiable then it would be first name for pallidus Dobson, 1876 (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 20055,Scotoecus hirundo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotoecus,hirundo,,,,,"de Winton, 1899",We follow Happold (in press) by including Scotoecus albigula and S. hindei within S. hirundo. 20054,Scotoecus albofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotoecus,albofuscus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1890)","Meester et al. (1986) listed one subspecies from the assessment region: Scotoecus albofuscus woodii Thomas, 1917. However, its relationship with the nominate subspecies is not currently clear, as too few specimens have been collected to enable a taxonomic assessment (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 8248,Eumops underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,underwoodi,,,,,"Goodwin, 1940","Does not include mederai, which has been transferred to dabbenei (Koopman, 1993)." 12615,Macrophyllum macrophyllum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Macrophyllum,macrophyllum,,,,,"(Schinz, 1821)", 8246,Eumops maurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,maurus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)", 8245,Eumops hansae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,hansae,,,,,"Sanborn, 1932",This taxonomic concept includes amazonicus; see Gardner et al. (1970) and Eger (1977). Also see Best et al. (2001). It may be confused with E. bonariensis. 87994083,Eumops glaucinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,glaucinus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)","McDonough et al. (2008) and Baker et al. (2009) provided support for the elevation to species of two taxa within E. glaucinus, E. ferox and E. wilsoni, using mitochondrial gene sequence, karyotypic, morphological, and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. Their analysis supported three distinctive clades within the E. glaucinus complex: E. glaucinus from Paraguay and Venezuela, E. ferox and E. floridanus from Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States, and a new species from Ecuador, E. wilsoni (Baker et al. 2009)." 8243,Eumops dabbenei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,dabbenei,,,,,"Thomas, 1914", 87993837,Eumops bonariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,bonariensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)","Does not include patagonicus or beckeri; see Barquez and Ojeda (1992), Barquez et al. (1993), and Saralegui (1996). See Hunt et al. (2003), but note that they included patagonicus in bonariensis." 7030,Ectophylla alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Ectophylla,alba,,,,,"H. Allen, 1892", 20033,Scleronycteris ega,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Scleronycteris,ega,,,,,"Thomas, 1912", 12594,Macroglossus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Macroglossus,minimus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)", 12595,Macroglossus sobrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Macroglossus,sobrinus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1911","Macroglossus sobrinus was earlier treated as subspecies of M. minimus E. Geoffroy, 1810 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), but it is considered distinct by Hill (1983), Corbet and Hill (1992), Koopman (1993), Bates and Harrison (1997) and Simmons (2005)." 7083,Eidolon dupreanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Eidolon,dupreanum,,,,,"(Pollen in Schlegel & Pollen, 1866)", 7084,Eidolon helvum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Eidolon,helvum,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 8168,Eudiscopus denticulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eudiscopus,denticulus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1932)", 8166,Euderma maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Euderma,maculatum,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1891)", 565,Aethalops alecto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Aethalops,alecto,,,,,"(Thomas, 1923)","Unpublished genetic data show that the Javan form of Aethalops (ocypete) is genetically very distinct from the Bornean form. However, we are lacking DNA barcodes for the peninsular Malaysian form to determine how distinct alecto (Pen. Malaysia / Sumatra) is relative to aequalis (Borneo) or the Javan form, and therefore whether there should be 2 or 3 species and what their names should be (C. Francis pers. comm. 2012). Genetic data using 12S RNA gene showed a rather high genetic distance between A. aequalis (Borneo) and A. alecto (Lombok, Bali, Sumatra, Java) ranging from 5.4-12.1% (R. Chaya pers. comm. 2012)." 4983,Cloeotis percivali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Cloeotis,percivali,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","Meester et al. (1986) listed two subspecies, of which only Cloeotis p. australis occurs in the assessment region, while the other, C. p. percivali occurs in East Africa." 85181182,Barbastella leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Barbastella,leucomelas,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)", 2553,Barbastella barbastellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Barbastella,barbastellus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)","The genus comprises two Palaearctic species with little overlap in range. The population from the Canaries is at present regarded as endemic subspecies B. barbastellus guanchae (Trujillo et al. 2002, Juste et al. 2003)." 2533,Balantiopteryx plicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Balantiopteryx,plicata,,,,,"Peters, 1867", 6931,Dyacopterus spadiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dyacopterus,spadiceus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1890)","The subspecies brooksi Thomas, 1920, will be treated as a good species and may warrant listing as threatened." 2532,Balantiopteryx io,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Balantiopteryx,io,,,,,"Thomas, 1904","Balantiopteryx io  and B. infusca are sister species with a strong support in molecular analysis. These species have allopatric distributions separately by approximately 1,500 km and B. io is not the sister species to parapatrically B. plicata (Lim et al. 2004)." 84454322,Balionycteris maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Balionycteris,maculata,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","Balionycteris maculata formerly included B. seimundi as a subspecies (Corbet and Hill 1992). Khan et al. (2008) reported a high genetic distance (12%) in cytochrome b mtDNA between B. maculata sensu lato populations in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, and consequently raised B. seimundi as a distinct species. Lim et al. (2017) suggested updating the taxon in Peninsular Malaysia to B. seimundi." 5074,Coelops frithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Coelops,frithii,,,,,"Blyth, 1848",The genus Coelops requires taxonomic revision; and C. frithii might actually be two species. 20066,Scotophilus dinganii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,dinganii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1833)","The entire genus needs revision (Monadjem et al. 2010b). Historically referred to as Scotophilus nigrita until Robbins (1978) clarified the appropriate name for the smaller specimens is S. dinganii. However, the specific status of S. dinganii has not been in dispute since multivariate analysis of Scotophilus species by Robbins et al. (1985). There are three subspecies listed for the southern African region by Meester et al. (1986) but the validity of these are uncertain (Monadjem et al. 2010b). Molecular and echolocation evidence suggests S. dinganii is a species complex (Jacobs et al. 2006; Trujillo et al. 2009), with at least two cryptic species in East and West Africa, but finer scale geographical sampling is needed to test for cryptic species in southern Africa (Trujillo et al. 2009; Monadjem et al. 2010b)." 20068,Scotophilus kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,kuhlii,,,,,"Leach, 1821","Earlier included under Scotophilus heathii Horsfield, 1831 (Tate 1942, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), the taxon kuhlii Leach, 1821, is now considered distinct species (Hill in Peterson 1968, Hill and Thonglongya 1972, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005). The taxon wroughtoni Thomas, 1897, earlier considered to be a subspecies (Bates and Harrison 1997), is now synonymized with this taxon (Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). Scotophilus kuhlii might represent a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. Revised by Trujillo et al. (2009)." 20067,Scotophilus heathii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,heathii,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1831)","Genus Scotophilus Leach, 1821 was reviewed by Trujillo et al. (2009) and Demos et al. (2018)." 12652,Macrotus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Macrotus,californicus,,,,,"Baird, 1858",Considered by some authors to be a subspecies of waterhousii. 20070,Scotophilus nigrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,nigrita,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)","South Africa
Scotophilus nigrita was previously known as S. gigas, owing to a mistaken double description of two different species, but nigrita is the senior synonym (Monadjem et al. 2010). Confusingly, S. dinganii was for a while referred to as S. nigrita (particularly prior to 1978) but its taxonomic status (being the largest Scotophilus) is not in dispute. Two subspecies of S. nigrita are recognised (Meester et al. 1986; Happold 2013), which have widely disjunct distributions and may eventually be shown to be separate phylogenetic lineages. Corroborating this, recent molecular DNA research provides evidence that suggests the southern African subspecies, S. n. alvenslebeni, could be elevated to specific status, which would yield a West African species that can be recognised as S. nigrita (owing to proximity to type locality – Senegal) and a southern African species S. alvenslebeni (Vallo et al. 2015). More analyses are needed to confirm this species divide." 12653,Macrotus waterhousii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Macrotus,waterhousii,,,,,"Gray, 1843","Includes mexicanus. Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). Greater Antillean populations might represent distinct, valid species (Fleming et al. 2009)." 20069,Scotophilus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,leucogaster,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)","South Africa
The entire genus needs revision. The relationship between Scotophilus viridis and S. leucogaster is difficult to discern in the field, although Robbins et al. (1985) concluded that they represent two distinct species, and is supported by Jacobs et al. (2006), whereas Meester et al. (1986) treated them as conspecific. Robbins et al. (1985) considered white-bellied specimens from Namibia (damarensis) to be conspecific with populations of leucogaster from other parts of Africa. Additionally, the bats identified as S. leucogaster by Robbins et al. (1985) show a discontinuous African distribution, mostly absent from between 5°N and 12°S. This evidence suggests that the southern population is phylogenetically distinct, which would render S. damarensis specifically distinct as a southern African endemic (Monadjem et al. 2010). Further taxonomic resolution is required." 20072,Scotophilus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,robustus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1881",Entire genus needs revision. 20071,Scotophilus nux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,nux,,,,,"Thomas, 1904",Entire genus needs revision. 20073,Scotophilus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,viridis,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","This genus is in urgent need of taxonomic revision (Monadjem et al. 2010b), particularly the relationship between Scotophilus leucogaster and S. viridis. There is evidence that S. viridis is a species complex, at least in East and West Africa (Trujillo et al. 2009; Vallo et al. 2013). However, the situation in southern Africa is unclear. Currently, we recognise S. viridis as a valid species following Robbins et al. (1985), Simmons (2005) and Jacobs et al. (2006). Meester et al. (1986) recognised two subspecies in the subregion: S. b. damarensis (Thomas 1906), which was found from northeastern Namibia and S. b. viridis (Peters 1852) from the remainder of the species’ range." 136778,Sturnira sorianoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,sorianoi,,,,,"Sánchez-Hernández, Romero-Almaraz & Schnell, 2005",This species needs some revision and comparison with S. erythromos and S. bogotensis to confirm species identity. 136777,Natalus primus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Natalus,primus,,,,,"Anthony, 1919","This species was formerly included in N. stramineus, but is clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989), Morgan and Czaplewski (2003) and Simmons (2005)." 136782,Carollia manu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,manu,,,,,"Pacheco, Solari & Velazco, 2004",This is a recently described species and is easily confused with C. perspicillata (Aguirre pers. comm.). 6778,Dobsonia inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,inermis,,,,,"Andersen, 1909", 6777,Dobsonia praedatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,praedatrix,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1909", 6780,Dobsonia viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,viridis,,,,,"(Heude, 1896)", 136784,Myotis melanorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,melanorhinus,,,,,"Merriam, 1890","Included in leibii or ciliolabrum by various authors, but see van Zyll de Jong (1985). Reviewed by Holloway and Barclay (2001), who treated it as a subspecies of ciliolabrum." 84882605,Dobsonia moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,moluccensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)","Dobsonia moluccensis has been considered separate from Dobsonia magna (Bergmans and Sarbini 1985), but more taxonomic work needs to be conducted to clarify their taxonomy (Helgen 2007)." 136770,Myotis moluccarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,moluccarum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1915)","Myotis moluccarum is considered to have a wide distribution over numerous islands in the Moluccas and Melanesia, either side of Lydekker’s Line. Such an allopatric distribution suggests the possibility of taxonomic differences. The Solomon Islands distribution is referred to the subspecies M. m. solomonis (Simmons 2005). The study of Cooper et al. (2001) that used mitochondrial DNA to investigate the identity of Myotis in Australia established the existence of two species on the island of New Guinea based on two samples from Chimbu Province, Papua New Guinea. This included M. macropus and another species they suggested might be new. The name M. moluccarum was applied by Simmons (2005) to the taxon thought to be distributed widely across Papua New Guinea, which is assumed to be the second unknown taxon of Cooper et al. (2001). Further taxonomic work is needed across the entire range." 6774,Dobsonia emersa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,emersa,,,,,"Bergmans & Sarbini, 1985","Populations attributed to this species from Numfoor Island represent a closely related, undescribed species (K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 6773,Dobsonia chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,chapmani,,,,,"Rabor, 1952", 6776,Dobsonia pannietensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,pannietensis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1905)", 6775,Dobsonia exoleta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,exoleta,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1909", 136774,Scotophilus marovaza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,marovaza,,,,,"Goodman, Ratrimomanarivo & Randrianandrianina, 2006",Recently described by Goodman et al. (2006) from specimens in four localities of western Madagascar. 6770,Dobsonia minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,minor,,,,,"(Dobson, 1879)",The Sulawesi population likely represents an undescribed species or misidentification of another species and is not included in this account. 136776,Harpyionycteris celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Harpyionycteris,celebensis,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921", 6772,Dobsonia beauforti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,beauforti,,,,,"Bergmans, 1975",This may possibly be conspecific with Dobsonia viridis. 6771,Dobsonia peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,peronii,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)", 4600,Cheiromeles parvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cheiromeles,parvidens,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921","There is a need for studies of geographic variation across the species' range (L. Heaney, K. Helgen and D. Balete pers. comm. 2006)." 136798,Cynopterus luzoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Cynopterus,luzoniensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)", 81633135,Miniopterus petersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,petersoni,,,,," Goodman, Bradman, Maminirina, Ryan, Christidis & Appleton, 2008",This is a new taxonomic concept for M. petersoni. Previously it included M. egeri now considered a distinct species (Goodman et al. 2011). 4601,Cheiromeles torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cheiromeles,torquatus,,,,,"Horsfield, 1824", 136790,Peropteryx trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Peropteryx,trinitatis,,,,,"Miller, 1899","This species has been previously confused with Peropteryx macrotis (Simmons and Voss, 1998)." 136752,Miniopterus griveaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,griveaudi,,,,,"Harrison, 1959",Recently elevated from synonymy with Miniopterus minor by Juste et al. (2007). 136739,Hipposideros inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,inornatus,,,,,"McKean, 1970","Until recently, inornatus was classified as a subspecies of Hipposideros diadema, but is now considered to be a separate species." 136741,Pipistrellus hesperidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,hesperidus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","Previously included within Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817), this species was later reclassified as a distinct species, P. hesperidus, based on morphological and karyotype evidence (Kock 2001, Kearney et al. 2002). Five African subspecies were listed by Hayman and Hill (1971), including P. h. broomi (Roberts, 1948) from KwaZulu-Natal and subtilis from other regions of southern Africa and Madagascar (ACR 2015). Recent research suggests that three of these subspecies may require elevation to species level (Koubínová et al. 2013), but further investigation is necessary to validate these suggestions and better determine the range of this species." 18341,Promops nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Promops,nasutus,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)",This species includes pamana; see Goodwin and Greenhall (1961). It may include davisoni; see Freeman (1981). 88087651,Promops centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Promops,centralis,,,,,"Thomas, 1915", 136768,Eonycteris robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Eonycteris,robusta,,,,,"Miller, 1913", 136754,Lasiurus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,insularis,,,,,"Hall & Jones, 1961",Formerly this species was included in L. intermedius (Simmons 2005). 136716,Tadarida insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,insignis,,,,,"Blyth, 1862","This species was considered a synonym of T. teniotis by Dobson (1874), but was elevated to species status by Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki (1965) (Smith and Xie 2008). Wang (2003) considered insignis, coecata, and latouchei to be subspecies of teniotis, but here we follow Smith and Xie (2008) and consider insignis and latouchei as valid species, but leave T. coecata Thomas, 1922 as a synonym of T. insignis due to the difficulty in determining its status (Kock 1999). If it were to be elevated to species status in the future, records from Yunnan and Sichuan may need to be reexamined. The teniotis species group of which this species is part, is in need of taxonomic revision." 10598,Hylonycteris underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Hylonycteris,underwoodi,,,,,"Thomas, 1903",Includes minor. 136706,Lonchophylla concava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,concava,,,,,"Goldman, 1914", 136735,Lonchophylla orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,orcesi,,,,,"Albuja & Gardner, 2005",Recently described. 4664,Chiroderma doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Chiroderma,doriae,,,,,"Thomas, 1891", 4665,Chiroderma improvisum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Chiroderma,improvisum,,,,,"Baker & Genoways, 1976", 4666,Chiroderma salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Chiroderma,salvini,,,,,"Dobson, 1878",There are no taxonomic problems known although this species is quite variable. 843,Alionycteris paucidentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Alionycteris,paucidentata,,,,,"Kock, 1969", 4667,Chiroderma trinitatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Chiroderma,trinitatum,,,,,"Goodwin, 1958",Includes gorgasi. 4668,Chiroderma villosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Chiroderma,villosum,,,,,"Peters, 1860", 4670,Chironax melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Chironax,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 136685,Pteropus rennelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,rennelli,,,,,"Troughton, 1929","The taxonomy of Pteropus rennelli in relation to P. rayneri and P. cognatus is in need of review.

Pteropus rennelli occurs 180 km from the nearest other island, such that if it is conspecific with either P. rayneri or P. cognatus it forms a discrete island population that is unlikely to have any current level of genetic connectivity with other populations (S. Hamilton pers. comm)." 12264,Lonchophylla dekeyseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,dekeyseri,,,,,"Taddei, Vizotto & Sazima, 1983", 12263,Lonchophylla bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,bokermanni,,,,,"Sazima, Vizotto & Taddei , 1978", 12268,Lonchophylla robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,robusta,,,,,"Miller, 1912","This probably used to contain chocoana and in the eastern slope of the Andes and Cordillera Merida, it is a complex of two sympatric species (L. Davalos pers. comm.)." 12267,Lonchophylla mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,mordax,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","Moratelli and Dias (2015) described the species Lonchophylla inexpectata from the Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil, and noted that specimens of L. inexpectata have in the past been misidentified as L. mordax. Lonchophylla mordax occurs along the eastern border of the Caatinga and in the Atlantic Forest–Caatinga ecotone in North-eastern Brazil (Moratelli and Dias 2015)." 136678,Myotis dieteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,dieteri,,,,,"Happold, 2005", 12266,Lonchophylla hesperia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,hesperia,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1908", 12265,Lonchophylla handleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,handleyi,,,,,"Hill, 1980", 12272,Lonchorhina marinkellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchorhina,marinkellei,,,,,"Hernandez-Camacho & Cadena-G., 1978",The specimens in Guianas need revision (Mantilla pers. comm); the French Guiana records are likely erroneous. 2983,Brachyphylla nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Brachyphylla,nana,,,,,"Miller, 1902","Brachyphylla nana includes pumila as a subspecies; see Swanepoel and Genoways (1978). It was considered a subspecies of cavernarum by Buden (1977) and Hall (1981), but its taxonomy was reviewed by Swanepoel and Genoways (1983) and Timm and Genoways (2003). The taxon was referred to by Morgan (2001) as two species, and this is confirmed by molecular genetics (Davalos 2004)." 12271,Lonchorhina fernandezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchorhina,fernandezi,,,,,"Ochoa & Ibanez, 1982", 136675,Scotophilus tandrefana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,tandrefana,,,,,"Goodman, Jenkins & Ratrimomanarivo, 2005","Goodman et al. (2005) described this species based on three specimens which were collected in 1868, 1869 and 2003 (the latter being designated as the holotype). One of these (the specimen collected in 1869) was later reassessed as S. marovaza (Goodman et al. 2006)." 2982,Brachyphylla cavernarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Brachyphylla,cavernarum,,,,,"Gray, 1834",Brachyphylla cavernarum includes minor as a subspecies; see Swanepoel and Genoways (1978). Reviewed by Swanepoel and Genoways (1983) and Timm and Genoways (2003). 12270,Lonchorhina aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchorhina,aurita,,,,,"Tomes, 1863",This includes occidentalis. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata. 12269,Lonchophylla thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,thomasi,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1904","Specimens of this species have frequently been confused with concava, mordax and Lionycteris spurrelli." 136697,Myotis macropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,macropus,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)", 136690,Lasiurus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,varius,,,,,"Poeppig, 1835",Often listed as a synonym of borealis or blossevillii. 6628,Diphylla ecaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Diphylla,ecaudata,,,,,"Spix, 1823", 81069403,Triaenops persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Triaenops,persicus,,,,,"Dobson, 1871",See Benda and Vallo (2009) for a complete revision of the genus. 81060220,Paratriaenops furculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Paratriaenops,furculus,,,,,"Trouessart, 1906", 14358,Nyctiellus lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Nyctiellus,lepidus,,,,,"(Gervais, 1837)","Previously, Nyctiellus was treated as a subgenus under Natalus." 136835,Paremballonura tiavato,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Paremballonura,tiavato,,,,,"Goodman, Cardiff, Ranivo, Russell & Yoder, 2006",Recently described as a new species in a split from Emballonura atrata (Goodman et al. 2006). 88088852,Chilonatalus micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Chilonatalus,micropus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1880)","This is the new taxonomic concept for Chilonatalus micropus. Previously it included C. macer, which is now considered a distinct species." 14360,Natalus stramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Natalus,stramineus,,,,,"Gray, 1838","Does not include N. espiritosantensis, N. jamaicensis, N. major and N. primus - those are all treated as distinct species. Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997) reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of major and stramineus (Simmons 2005)." 136836,Paranyctimene tenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Paranyctimene,tenax,,,,,"Bergmans, 2001","Very similar in appearance and overall size but distinct from Paranyctimene raptor (see Bergmans 2001), with findings from a recent genetic study supporting the recognition of two Paranyctimene taxa (K.N. Armstrong unpublished data)." 14361,Chilonatalus tumidifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Chilonatalus,tumidifrons,,,,,"Miller, 1903","Formerly included in micropus (e.g., Hall, 1981) (Simmons 2005)." 21986,Lophostoma evotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lophostoma,evotis,,,,,"(Davis & Carter, 1978)",Formerly included in silvicola. See Medellín and Arita (1989). 14362,Natalus tumidirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Natalus,tumidirostris,,,,,"Miller, 1900","The species can be misidentified as N. stamineus, records from northern South America may have erroneously identified as such." 99783878,Lophostoma carrikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lophostoma,carrikeri,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1910)",The new molecular and morphological evidence places Lophostoma yasuni within the clade of L. carrikeri. L. yasuni should therefore be considered as a synonym of L. carrikeri (Camacho et al. 2016). 88149202,Lophostoma silvicolum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lophostoma,silvicolum,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1836","Includes laephotis and amblyotis. The species name for this taxon was formerly spelled silvicola when used in Tonatia, but must be spelled silvicolum when combined with Lophostoma, which is a Greek neuter noun (Simmons 2005)." 4772,Choeroniscus godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Choeroniscus,godmani,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)", 21987,Lophostoma schulzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lophostoma,schulzi,,,,,"Genoways & Williams, 1980",Split from Tonatia. 136841,Pteropus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,intermedius,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1908",Future research will probably show that Pteropus intermedius is a synonym of P. giganteus. The species taxonomic status is in need of revision. 4774,Choeroniscus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Choeroniscus,minor,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)",Includes C. intermedius (Simmons 2005). 4775,Choeroniscus periosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Choeroniscus,periosus,,,,,"Handley, 1966","Simmons (2005) used the name C. ponsi which may have lead to confusion about occurrences in Venezuela, thus more work is necessary on this species." 4776,Choeronycteris mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Choeronycteris,mexicana,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844","Does not include ponsi, which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus; see Koopman (1994)." 4811,Chrotopterus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Chrotopterus,auritus,,,,,"(Peters, 1856)",Simmons and Voss (1998) discussed problems with previously recognised subspecies. 136807,Nyctophilus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,nebulosus,,,,,"Parnaby, 2002", 22029,Trachops cirrhosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Trachops,cirrhosus,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)",This may be a species complex. 29730,Rousettus aegyptiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,aegyptiacus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)","The taxonomic relationship with Rousettus leschenaultii requires further review. Two geographically isolated subspecies of R. aegyptiacus occur in sub-Saharan Africa (Monadjem et al. 2010). Both subspecies occur in the southern African region: unicolor (Gray, 1870) in Angola and leachii (A. Smith, 1829) in the rest of the region (Monadjem et al. 2010). Additional subspecies: princeps is endemic to Principe Island in the Gulf of Guinea and tomensis is endemic to Sao Tome (Korine 2016)." 136809,Eumops trumbulli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,trumbulli,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",Eumops trumbulli was included in perotis by Koopman (1994) but see Eger (1977). 14333,Nanonycteris veldkampii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nanonycteris,veldkampii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1888)", 136810,Rhogeessa aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,aeneus,,,,,"Goodwin, 1958",Rhogeessa aenus is often included in tumida. 136824,Natalus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Natalus,jamaicensis,,,,,"Goodwin, 1959","Formerly included in N. stramineus, but clearly distinct from that species." 136820,Neoromicia malagasyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,malagasyensis,,,,,"(Peterson, Eger & Mitchell, 1995)","The Madagascar populations of this species were included within Eptesicus (=Neoromicia) somalicus malagasyensis (Petersen et al. 1995). However, this taxon was elevated to distinct species status (Goodman and Ranvio 2004), which is supported by the most recent taxonomic assessment (Bates et al. 2006, Goodman et al. 2015)." 136817,Kerivoula titania,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,titania,,,,,"Bates, Struebig, Hayes, Furey, Mya Mya, Thong, Tien, Son, Harrison, Francis & Csorba, 2007", 136828,Nyctalus plancyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,plancyi,,,,,"Gerbe, 1880","There are two subspecies Nyctalus placyi plancyi Gerbe, 1880 (occurring in Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Liaoning, and Jilin) and N. p. velutinus Allen, 1923 (occurring in Fujian, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Taiwan) (Smith and Xie 2008)." 136827,Miniopterus shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,shortridgei,,,,,"Laurie & Hill, 1957", 136825,Eumops patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,patagonicus,,,,,"Thomas, 1924","This is distinct from bonariensis; see Barquez and Ojeda (1992), Barquez et al. (1993), Mares et al. (1995), Saralegui (1996), Barquez and Diaz (2001), and Gregorin and Taddei (2002)." 9740,Harpyionycteris whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Harpyionycteris,whiteheadi,,,,,"Thomas, 1896",Further study of geographic variation in this species is needed. 44934,Scotophilus nucella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,nucella,,,,,"Robbins, 1983",Scotophilus nucella has sometimes been considered to be a subspecies of S. leucogaster. It is considered to be a distinct species here in both its morphology and habitat preferences following Koopman (1994) and Simmons (2005). 99711843,Harpiocephalus harpia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Harpiocephalus,harpia,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","Earlier the taxon madrassius Thomas, 1923 was considered as a subspecies of this taxon (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), but has been synonymized with Harpiocephalus harpia lasyurus (Hodgson, 1847) (Das 1986; Bates and Harrison 1997). Simmons (2005), however, recognizes madrassius Thomas, 1923 as valid subspecies (Srinivasuluet al. in press). Also, although frequently accepted as a separate species (Corbet and Hill 1992, Simmons 2005), Matveev (2005) revealed that differences between H. harpia and H. mordax are only cases of extreme sexual dimorphism where male and female specimens differ in size and cranial shape. Molecular markers clearly demonstrated that the studied male and female specimens (thought as representatives of H. harpia and H. mordax, respectively) are conspecifics. This well expressed sexual dimorphism is further evidenced by Chen et al. (2015) and Son et al. (2016)." 44931,Plecotus christii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,christii,,,,,"Gray, 1838", 44930,Plecotus balensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,balensis,,,,,"Kruskop & Lavrenchenko, 2000", 29606,Histiotus humboldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Histiotus,humboldti,,,,,"Handley, 1996", 29607,Lasiurus atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,atratus,,,,,"Handley, 1996",Lasiurus atratus was recently split from L. borealis. 81633094,Miniopterus gleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,gleni,,,,,"Peterson, Eger & Mitchell, 1995", 14103,Myopterus whitleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Myopterus,whitleyi,,,,,"(Scharff, 1900)", 14102,Myopterus daubentonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Myopterus,daubentonii,,,,,"Desmarest, 1820","Simmons (2005) includes Myopterus albatus Thomas, 1915 as a subspecies. The taxon Myopterus albatus from the eastern part of the range is morphologically different." 84463104,Myonycteris torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Myonycteris,torquata,,,,,"(Dobson, 1878)","Nesi et al. (2013) using molecular data, retrieved two geographic groups, one from Central Africa and corresponds to the  subspecies M. t. torquata. The second group includes populations from West Africa, and corresponds to the subspecies M. t. leptodon. They suggested to restore the classification of Andersen (1908) recognizing M. leptodon and M. torquata as distinct species." 14097,Myonycteris brachycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Myonycteris,brachycephala,,,,,"(Bocage, 1889)", 14098,Myonycteris relicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Myonycteris,relicta,,,,,"Bergmans, 1980", 44925,Neoromicia somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,somalica,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)","Neoromicia malagasyensis (Peterson, Eger & Mitchell, 1995), was formerly considered to be a subspecies of N. somalica (see Goodman and Ranivo 2004), but is now treated as a separate species." 44926,Neoromicia tenuipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,tenuipinnis,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)", 44927,Neoromicia zuluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,zuluensis,,,,,"(Roberts, 1924)","Referred to as Pipistrellus zuluensis by Happold et al. (2013), but classified as Neoromicia zuluensis by Kearney et al. (2002) and Simmons (2005). This species is closely related to Neoromicia somalica (Thomas 1901), and although previous authors have considered these species conspecific (Meester et al. 1986), recent interspecific chromosomal data recommends that zuluensis is specifically distinct from somalicus (Rautenbach et al. 1993)." 44921,Neoromicia helios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,helios,,,,,"(Heller, 1912)",This is considered to be a subspecies of Pipistrellus nanus (currently Neoromicia nana) by some authors (Simmons 2005). 44922,Neoromicia melckorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,melckorum,,,,,"(Roberts, 1919)",This taxon has not been clearly distinguished from Neoromicia capensis. We follow Simmons (2005) by recognizing Pipistrellus melckorum (currently N. melckorum) as a distinct species pending further taxonomic revision. The northern specimens are clearly distinct from N. capensis and should be renamed as a new species. 44923,Neoromicia nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,nana,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","Kearney et al. (2002) states that nana belongs to the genus Neoromicia but nana also shares characteristics with Hypsugo and Pipistrellus (Monadjem et al. 2010b). As such, Helbig et al. (2010) suggest that nana needs to be transferred to a new genus entirely. Further research is needed to fix its generic assignment. While seven subspecies are postulated, their validity remains in question (ACR 2015). Some authorities consider africana as the oldest name for this species. However, in Decision 2120, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) ruled that the name Pipistrellus nanus (currently Neoromicia nana) should be given precedence over africana, whenever the two are considered to be synonyms. There is a need for further molecular and taxonomic work to clarify the systematic status of specimens currently allocated to Neoromicia nana throughout much of the current range." 44924,Neoromicia rendalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,rendalli,,,,,"(Thomas, 1889)",Originally named in the genus Pipistrellus (ACR 2015). No subspecies are recognised. The possibility that the population from South Africa and Mozambique is taxonomically distinct should be investigated. 22783,Uroderma magnirostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Uroderma,magnirostrum,,,,,"Davis, 1968",Some specimens of U. bilobatum may refer to this species (Patterson pers. comm.). 44917,Neoromicia brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,brunnea,,,,,"(Thomas, 1880)", 44918,Neoromicia capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,capensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1829)","Neoromicia capensis was previously classified as Eptesicus capensis. However, generic distinctiveness led to its reclassification as N. capensis, alongside N. somalicus, N. tenuipinnis and N. zuluenesis (Hill & Harrison 1987). This species is highly variable morphologically and ecologically and probably represents complex of several similar species (Monadjem et al. 2010). Further taxonomic studies are necessary to confirm the status of populations currently allocated to N. capensis." 44919,Neoromicia flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,flavescens,,,,,"(Seabra, 1900)","The taxonomic status of this bat is unclear, with further studies needed to elucidate the relationship between Neoromicia flavescens and N. capensis grandidieri." 22782,Uroderma bilobatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Uroderma,bilobatum,,,,,"Peters, 1866","This may be a species complex (Mantilla pers. comm.), as it currently consists of six subspecies. It is a polytypic species. Hybrid zones in Central America need further study to ensure that it is not a composite (Patterson pers. comm.)" 44920,Neoromicia guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,guineensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1889)",Neoromicia guineensis probably represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 85735326,Myotis adversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,adversus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1824)","

Myotis adversus was recently recognized as a distinct species (Ruedi et al. 2015) with a distribution limited to Sabah on the island of Borneo and the Indonesian islands of Java, Mendanau, Kangean and Flores. 

" 88159688,Sturnira lilium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,lilium,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)","This is the new taxonomic concept for S. lilium. Previously it included as subspecies S. l. angeli, S. l. parvidens and S. l. paulsoni, now elevated to species rank (Velazco and Patterson 2013)." 20956,Sturnira magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,magna,,,,,"de la Torre, 1966", 20955,Sturnira luisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,luisi,,,,,"Davis, 1980", 14140,Myotis albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,albescens,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1806)","Apparently closely related to nigricans, levis, and oxyotus." 14141,Myotis altarium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,altarium,,,,,"Thomas, 1911", 20958,Sturnira nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,nana,,,,,"Gardner & O'Neill, 1971", 14142,Myotis annectans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,annectans,,,,,"(Dobson, 1871)","Earlier workers assigned this taxon under the genus Pipistrellus Kaup, 1829 due to the absence of second upper and lower premolars in the specimens collected, a trend that was followed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). However, Topál (1970b) compared the original series and fresh specimens collected from the type locality and found that the type was an abnormal specimen of Myotis Kaup, 1829 lacking second upper and lower premolars. Following Topál (1970), Corbet and Hill (1992), Koopman (1993) and Bates and Harrison (1997) treated it under Myotis Kaup, 1829. Additionally, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) considered the taxon Myotis primula Thomas, 1920 allied to Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) that is now synonymized with the present taxon (Görföl et al. 2013)." 20957,Sturnira mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,mordax,,,,,"(Goodwin, 1938)",Subgenus Sturnira. Formerly included in Sturnirops. 20960,Sturnira tildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,tildae,,,,,"de la Torre, 1959",Might be confused with S. lilium in older collections. Does not include luisi; see Simmons and Voss (1998). 14143,Myotis atacamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,atacamensis,,,,,"(Lataste, 1892)","Listed as a subspecies of Myotis chiloensis. Includes M. nicholsoni (LaVal, 1973) (Simmons 2005)." 14144,Myotis ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,ater,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)",The species was previously named as Myotis ater an orthographic error. Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) placed this under M. muricola. Simmons and Cirranelo (2020) recognizes it as a distinct species. 135485,Macronycteris vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Macronycteris,vittatus,,,,,"Peters, 1852","This species was previously included under Hipposideros commersoni, now considered endemic to Madagascar (Monadjem et al. 2010). Historically, these large hipposiderids were grouped together and later divided into H. gigas and vittatus (Monadjem et al. 2010, Rakotoarivelo et al. 2015). In 2017 the commersoni species group was placed in a separate genus, Macronytceris (Foley et al. 2017). There is still confusion over the taxonomy of this group on mainland Africa with the potential presence of undescribed cryptic diversity." 14129,Myotis emarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,emarginatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1806)","The population of the western part of the distributional range (NW Africa, Europe, Caucasus and Levantine regions) is considered as being the nominotypic subspecies (M. emarginatus emarginatus); in the Asian part of the range, one or two subspecies are differentiated, namely M. e. sogdianus and M. e. desertorum." 14132,Myotis grisescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,grisescens,,,,,"A.H. Howell, 1909", 14133,Myotis myotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,myotis,,,,,"(Borkhausen, 1797)", 20950,Sturnira bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,bidens,,,,,"Thomas, 1915", 20949,Sturnira aratathomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,aratathomasi,,,,,"Peterson & Tamsitt, 1968", 14134,Myotis mystacinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,mystacinus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1817)","At present this species includes three forms differing in morphological traits: M. mystacinus mystacinus (most of European range), M. mystacinus occidentalis (Iberia and Morocco) and M. mystacinus caucasicus (Caucasus region)." 85733032,Myotis nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,nattereri,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1817)","Does not include Myotis schaubi (Armenia and western Iran), M. escalerai, M. crypticus, M. zenatius, M. hoveli, M. tschuliensis, and the not formally described Myotis sp. C. (endemic subpopulation of Corsica). It also doesn't include M. bombinus (southeastern Siberia, northeastern China, Korea, Japan)." 20952,Sturnira erythromos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,erythromos,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 20951,Sturnira bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,bogotensis,,,,,"Shamel, 1927",Nowak (1999) notes that the two species were found to be distinct by Pacheco and Patterson (1992). The Microchiroptera Action Plan (2001) includes S. bogotensis but not S. oporaphilum. 14136,Myotis sodalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,sodalis,,,,,"Miller & Allen, 1928", 14124,Myotis blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,blythii,,,,,"(Tomes, 1857)","Based on analyses of sequence data of mitochondrial genes, Castella et al. (2000) and Ruedi and Mayer (2002), Simmons in Wilson and Reeder (2005) treated myotis, blythii, oxygnathus and punicus as separate species, an arrangement used also by Spitzenberger (2002). However, a recent molecular revision indicates that only M. myotis and M. blythii  should actually considered as valid taxa, being the forms oxygnathus, omari, risorius and lesviacus corresponding to local morphological variation without taxonomic value (Fulman et al. 2014).

" 14123,Myotis bechsteinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,bechsteinii,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1817)","Monotypic form, without taxonomic complexities (Baagøe 2001)." 14126,Myotis capaccinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,capaccinii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1837)",Most recent authors consider M. capaccinii as a monotypic species (Spitzenberger and von Helversen 2001). 14127,Myotis dasycneme,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,dasycneme,,,,,"(Boie, 1825)", 16563,Penthetor lucasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Penthetor,lucasi,,,,,"(Dobson, 1880)", 14171,Myotis keenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,keenii,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)","Myotis septentrionalis formerly was included in this species. Koopman (1993) included septentrionalis in M. keenii, but van Zyll de Jong (1985), and Simmons (2005) recognized M. keenii and M. septentrionalis as distinct species. Most literature references to M. keenii actually pertain to Myotis septentrionalis. A recent molecular study using mtDNA (cytochrome b gene) (Tanya Dewey, unpublished data) supports the close relationship of M. keenii and M. evotis and their distant relationship to M. septentrionalis. In fact, the molecular phylogeny suggests that M. keenii and M. evotis are conspecific. However, until further studies are completed and published, we here maintain M. keenii and M. evotis as different species." 14172,Myotis leibii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,leibii,,,,,"(Audubon & Bachman, 1842)","Formerly, M. ciliolabrum was included as a subspecies of M. leibii (or M. subulatus). Based chiefly on cranial measurements, van Zyll de Jong (1985) recognized western populations of what had been known as M. subulatus as a species (M. ciliolabrum) distinct from eastern populations, for which the appropriate name is M. leibii. Electrophoretic data support the conclusion that the two taxa are specifically distinct (Herd 1987). Wilson and Ruff (1999) regarded M. ciliolabrum and M. leibii as separate species. Koopman (1993) did not recognize M. ciliolabrum as a species distinct from M. leibii, but Simmons (2005) did. Monotypic (Best and Jennings 1997).

In a phylogenetic study based on mtDNA data, M. leibii was included within clades containing both M. californicus and M. ciliolabrum (Rodriguez and Ammerman 2004). Further data from M. leibii are necessary to validate its phylogenetic relationship to M. ciliolabrum and M. californicus (Rodriguez and Ammerman 2004). Comparisons among outgroups (M. yumanensis, M. lucifugus, and M. evotis) found sufficient support for specific status of M. leibii, but sequence divergence between M. evotis and the leibii group was small (2.9%) and within the intraspecific range. Further sampling of M. evotis is necessary to establish the level of divergence between M. evotis, as well as other long-eared Myotis, and the leibii group (Rodriguez and Ammerman 2004)." 14169,Myotis insularum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,insularum,,,,,"(Dobson, 1878)","The status of this taxon is doubtful. It is only known from the type specimen, which may be incorrectly labeled (Koopman 1984). It is purportedly collected in Samoa, but this has not been confirmed. Another alternative is that the specimen is a vagrant. Flannery (1995) includes it (with the name, Vespertilio insularum) as a synonym of Emballonura semicaudata." 14170,Myotis keaysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,keaysi,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1914",Apparently closely related to riparius and ruber. 14175,Myotis longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,longipes,,,,,"(Dobson, 1873)","

Tate (1941) considered Myotis longipes as belonging to a “Capaccinii” section within subgenus Leuconoe; this view was followed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), who considered Myotis longipes allied or probably conspecific to Myotis capaccinii Bonaparte, 1837. However that was negated by Hanak and Gaisler (1969) and Corbet (1978) who stated it to be a distinct species. The specimen of M. theobaldi Blyth, 1855 from caves near Matur Nag, Jammu and Kashmir, India, that has been sometimes included under M. longipes (Dobson, 1873) as a senior synonym with doubt, is unidentifiable (Thomas 1915). Blanford (1891) stated that M. theobaldi Blyth, 1855 was 'similar to V. longipes, for the two agree in dimensions and both are characterized by large feet, but it is impossible to identify M. theobaldi for the types have been lost' (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). This species was supposed to be a member of “Myotis siligorensis” species complex (Tiunov et al. 2011; Ruedi et al. 2013, 2015)

" 14163,Myotis goudoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,goudoti,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1834)","Does not include M. anjouanensis on the Comores, which is here considered distinct (following Peterson et al. 1995 and Simmons 2005)." 14164,Myotis hasseltii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,hasseltii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","Earlier included under Myotis adversus Horsfield, 1824 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered distinct (Hill 1983, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu et al. in press)." 14161,Myotis fortidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,fortidens,,,,,"Miller & Allen, 1928", 85566806,Myotis frater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,frater,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1923","Myotis bucharensis used to be included as a subspecies (see Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001). M. longicaudatus was previously listed as a synonym of M. frater. It is now treated as a distinct species following Ruedi et al. (2015). The latter also includes the former M. f. longicaudatus (Ognev 1927), M. f. kaguyae (Imaizumi 1956), and M. f. eniseensis (Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001)." 14168,Myotis ikonnikovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,ikonnikovi,,,,,"Ognev, 1912","Belongs to the group “mystacinus”. Not conspecific with S Asian M. muricola Gray, 1846 (Tsytsulina 2001); includes Japanese fujiensis Imaizumi, 1954 (Kawai et al. 2003)." 14165,Myotis hermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,hermani,,,,,"Thomas, 1923","

Koopman (1994) treated Myotis hermani as a synonym of M. formosus, but Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2014) evidenced its specific distinctness.

" 14166,Myotis horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,horsfieldii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","This species represents a complex that requires revision, with some closely related species indistinguishable (G. Csorba pers. comm.). Earlier included under Myotis adversus Horsfield, 1824 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), the taxa dryas Andersen, 1907 and peshwa Thomas, 1915, are considered subspecies of this taxon (Hill 1983, Corbet and Hill 1992, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005)." 88120245,Lichonycteris obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lichonycteris,obscura,,,,,"Thomas, 1895", 14155,Myotis dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,dominicensis,,,,,"Miller, 1902", 14154,Myotis cobanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,cobanensis,,,,,"Goodwin, 1955",Its status is doubtful. 14153,Myotis ciliolabrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,ciliolabrum,,,,,"(Merriam, 1886)","Formerly included in leibii. Reviewed by Holloway and Barclay (2001), but note that they included melanorhinus as a subspecies of ciliolabrum." 22839,Vampyressa melissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyressa,melissa,,,,,"Thomas, 1926",Vampyressa melissa will be split into different species in the near future. This may be a species complex (Tavares pers. comm.). 22840,Vampyriscus nymphaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyriscus,nymphaea,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)","This species was previously listed under the genus Vampyressa, but a phylogenetic study by Baker et al. (2003) and Hoofer and Baker (2006) showed these two genera are not sister to each other and Vampyriscus was raised to full generic status. Peterson (1968) associated Vampyressa nympahea and V. brocki under the new subgenus Metavampyressa, but kept Vampyriscus as a subgenus for V. bidens only. The analysis by Hoofer and Baker (2006) reflected this same association, but put together all three species under Vampyriscus." 14159,Myotis findleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,findleyi,,,,,"Bogan, 1978", 85735587,Myotis fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)","Various authors have suggested relationships with M. pilosus, M. macrodactylus, and M. petax, but M. fimbriatus should be best considered a Chinese endemic species (Smith and Xie 2008, Ruedi et al. 2015)." 22837,Vampyriscus bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyriscus,bidens,,,,,"(Dobson, 1878)",The previous (2008) assessment for this species was published under the genus Vampyressa. This is an amended assessment under the newly recognised genus Vampyriscus; see Jones and Carter (1976). 14157,Myotis evotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,evotis,,,,,"(H. Allen, 1864)", 22838,Vampyriscus brocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyriscus,brocki,,,,,"(Peterson, 1968)",This species may be confused with Vampyressa thyoni in the field (Tavares pers. comm.).
The previous 2008 assessment for this species was published under the genus Vampyressa. This is an amended assessment under the genus Vampyriscus. 22843,Vampyrum spectrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyrum,spectrum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 14148,Myotis bocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,bocagii,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)","Originally Vespertilio bocagii. Listed as bocagei by Koopman (1993), but this spelling is incorrect. Two subspecies are recognised in Africa; where the nominate subspecies occurs in southern Africa, while M. b. cupreolus Thomas 1904 occurs in West Africa (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 40033,Neoromicia matroka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,matroka,,,,,"(Thomas & Schwann, 1905)","Bates et al. (2006) included this species in the genus Neoromicia, based on bacular morphology." 14147,Myotis austroriparius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,austroriparius,,,,,"(Rhoads, 1897)","Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be M. austroriparia. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now while a decision is still to be made on these." 22841,Vampyressa pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyressa,pusilla,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)", 40035,Myotis gomantongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,gomantongensis,,,,,"Francis & Hill, 1998",Myotis gomantongensis was previously listed in the Red List prior to 2004 as M. gomatongensis - an orthographic error in the Chiroptera Action Plan. 14146,Myotis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,australis,,,,,"(Dobson, 1878)","The taxonomic status of Myotis australis is unclear. Hill (1983) treated it as a subspecies of M. ater. Koopman (1984) suggested that the species status was uncertain The holotype, and only certain specimen, might have been incorrectly labelled, or a vagrant of M. muricola (Husson 1970, as cited in Simmons 2005)." 40036,Tadarida latouchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,latouchei,,,,,"Thomas, 1920","The taxonomic status is still unclear for this species and requires an extensive study with reference to materials from its whole geographic distribution range. Wang (2003) considered insignis, coecata, and latouchei to be subspecies of teniotis, but Simmons (2005) recognized latouchei as a full species. Smith et al. (2008) consider insignis and latouchei as valid species, but leave Tadira coecata as a synonym of T. insignis due to the difficulty in determining its status (Kock 1999). If it were to be elevated to species status in the future, records from Yunnan and Sichuan may need to be re-examined. The teniotis species group of which this species is part, is in need of taxonomic revision, in particular the geographic limits of each species needs to be clarified." 88151904,Vampyrodes caraccioli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyrodes,caraccioli,,,,,"(Thomas, 1889)","Previously Vampyrodes caraccioli included V. major, now considered a distinct species (Velazco and Simmons 2011)." 14145,Myotis auriculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,auriculus,,,,,"Baker & Stains, 1955",Listed as a subspecies of evotis. 40037,Rhinolophus convexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,convexus,,,,,"Csorba, 1997", 14152,Myotis chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,chinensis,,,,,"(Tomes, 1857)","Zhang et al. (1997) included this species in M. myotis, but it is clearly distinct. Wang (2002) recognized two subspecies in China, the nominate form and luctuosus, but geographic variation throughout the range needs further study." 14151,Myotis chiloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,chiloensis,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1840)",May include M. aelleni (Simmons 2005). 40038,Mops leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,leucogaster,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1869","In 2008, Mops leucogaster was treated as a synonym of Tadarida pumila, but it is now recognised as a separate species." 40039,Miniopterus majori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,majori,,,,,"Thomas, 1906",Recognized as a full species (Peterson et al. 1995). 14150,Myotis californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,californicus,,,,,"(Audubon & Bachman, 1842)","Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be M. californica. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now while a decision is still to be made on these." 81629742,Miniopterus manavi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,manavi,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 14149,Myotis bombinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,bombinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","Considered formerly as a subspecies of M. nattereri (e.g., Bobrinskyi et al. 1965), but its full species status was supported by both morphological (Horacek, Hanak, 1984) and molecular (Kawai et al. 2003, Kruskop et al. 2012) data. Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be M. bombina. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now while a decision is still to be made on these." 14198,Myotis schaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,schaubi,,,,,"Kormos, 1934","This is a good species following I. Horacek, J. Gaisler and A.M. Hutson pers. comms." 40023,Rhinolophus beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,beddomei,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905","This species belongs to trifoliatus species group. Earlier, the taxa beddomei Andersen 1905 and sobrinus Andersen, 1918 were included under Rhinolophus luctus Temminck, 1835 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993). Here Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen, 1905 is treated as a distinct species (Topál and Csorba 1992, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 40024,Mops leucostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,leucostigma,,,,,"(G.M. Allen, 1918)","This taxon was recognized as a full species by Peterson et al. (1995). It was included in the genus Tadarida following the continental classification of the Molossidae adopted by Happold and Happold (2013), and as listed by Eger and Mitchell (2003), but now it is treated under Mops by Goodman and Cardiff (2004) and Simmons (2005)." 14197,Myotis ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,ruber,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1806)",Apparently closely related to riparius. 14199,Myotis scotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,scotti,,,,,"Thomas, 1927", 40022,Nycteris madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,madagascariensis,,,,,"G. Grandidier, 1937",This taxon was recognized as a full species by Peterson et al. (1995). 14194,Myotis ridleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,ridleyi,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 14193,Myotis pilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,pilosus,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","This species has often used the name Myotis ricketti (Thomas, 1894), but pilosus has priority (Smith and Xie 2008). The erroneous reporting of the type locality as being in Uruguay, by Peters, led to the dual naming (Smith and Xie 2008)." 14196,Myotis rosseti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,rosseti,,,,,"(Oey, 1951)","This species was originally described within the genus Glischropus, but was moved to Myotis by Hill and Topal (1973)." 14195,Myotis riparius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,riparius,,,,,"Handley, 1960",Apparently closely related to ruber. 40031,Thainycteris aureocollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Thainycteris,aureocollaris,,,,,"Kock & Storch, 1996","This species was originally described in the genus Thainycteris by Kock and Storch, 1996; transferred to Arielulus by Csorba and Lee 1999; but subsequently considered in Thainycteris by various authors including Kruskop (2013) and Guo et al. (2017)." 14206,Myotis thysanodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,thysanodes,,,,,"Miller, 1897",Apparently closely related to lucifugus. 14205,Myotis stalkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,stalkeri,,,,,"Thomas, 1910",Myotis stalkeri is recognized as a species (Simmons and Cirranello 2020). 40032,Arielulus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Arielulus,torquatus,,,,,"Csorba & Lee, 1999",The higher taxonomic status of the species needs to be revised as suggested by Csorba and Lee (1999). 14208,Myotis velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,velifer,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1890)",Myotis velifer includes magnamolaris. Apparently it is closely related to yumanensis. 40029,Micronycteris sanborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,sanborni,,,,,"Simmons, 1996",Recently described species. 14207,Myotis tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,tricolor,,,,,"(Temminck, 1832)",None 14202,Myotis sicarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,sicarius,,,,,"Thomas, 1915", 40027,Lonchorhina inusitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchorhina,inusitata,,,,,"Handley & Ochoa, 1997","This is a recently described species, split from L. aurita. It can be confused with other species of Lonchorhina." 40028,Micronycteris brosseti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,brosseti,,,,,"Simmons & Voss, 1998",A recently described species. 14201,Myotis septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Trouessart, 1897)","Formerly included in keenii, but see Caceres and Barclay (2000)." 14204,Myotis simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,simus,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be M. sima. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now while a decision is still to be made on these." 40025,Paratriaenops auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Paratriaenops,auritus,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1912)","Paratriaenops auritus was recognized as a full species by Peterson et al. (1995), which has been supported by more recent morphological and genetic analyses (Ranivo and Goodman 2006, Russell et al. 2007)." 14203,Myotis siligorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,siligorensis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1855)",Myotis siligorensis probably represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species 40026,Triaenops rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Triaenops,rufus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1881",This taxon was recognized as a full species by Peterson et al. (1995). 85567622,Myotis montivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,montivagus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1874)","Using evidence provided by cranial and dental features and multivariate statistical analyses, the four montivagus subspecies were raised to species level, recognizing Myotis borneoensis, M. federatus, M. montivagus sensu stricto and M. peytoni as distinct species (Görföl et al. 2013). Some specimens of the recently described Myotis indochinensis (Son et al. 2013) were also reported under the name of this species. Morphologically very similar bats with high mitochondrial divergence were found in Vietnam and China. They may also prove to belong to a separate species (Görföl, Kruskop and Csorba, unpublished data)" 14182,Myotis morrisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,morrisi,,,,,"Hill, 1971", 85537578,Myotis muricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,muricola,,,,,"(Gray, 1864)","Earlier included under Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1819) (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), the taxon muricola Gray, 1846 was upgraded to specific status (Bates and Harrison 1997). Recently, two forms - caliginosus Tomes, 1859 and latirostris Kishida, 1932 - have been assigned to the genus Submyotodon (Reudi et al. 2015). Myotis muricola probably represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species." 20743,Stenoderma rufum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Stenoderma,rufum,,,,,"Desmarest, 1820", 14184,Myotis nesopolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,nesopolus,,,,,"Miller, 1900",Formerly called larensis. 14177,Myotis macrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,macrodactylus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","In some published works, this bat was considered a subspecies of the Western Palearctic M. capaccinii Bonaparte, 1837 (Bobrinskiy et al. 1965, Krivosheev 1984), Koopman (1994) considered M. fimbriatus Peters, 1870 as a subspecies of M. macrodactylus. Now all the these forms are treated as distinct species (Simmons 2005, Ruedi et al. 2015). Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be M. macrodactyla. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now while a decision is still to be made on these." 14178,Myotis macrotarsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,macrotarsus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1845)",The taxonomy of this species should be reviewed (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006). 29473,Pteralopex taki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteralopex,taki,,,,,"Parnaby, 2002", 76435251,Myotis martiniquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,martiniquensis,,,,,"LaVal, 1973",Myotis martiniquensis previously included M. m. nyctor now raised to species level (Larsen et al. 2012). 14189,Myotis peninsularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,peninsularis,,,,,"Miller, 1898", 29485,Murina ryukyuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,ryukyuana,,,,,"Maeda & Matsumura, 1998", 14190,Myotis pequinius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,pequinius,,,,,"Thomas, 1908","Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be Myotis pequinia. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now, while a decision is still to be made on these." 14191,Myotis planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,planiceps,,,,,"Baker, 1955", 14185,Myotis nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,nigricans,,,,,"(Schinz, 1821)",Apparently closely related to levis. More than one species may be represented in this complex (Simmons 2005). 14186,Myotis oreias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,oreias,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","Since only the damaged holotype is known, it is impossible to assess the taxonomic status of this bat. Zoogeographically it is difficult to imagine how a species could be restricted to the territory of Singapore (P. Bates and G. Csorba pers. comm)." 14187,Myotis oxyotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,oxyotus,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be M. oxyota. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now while a decision is still to be made on these." 44783,Rhinolophus maendeleo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,maendeleo,,,,,"Kock, Csorba & Howell, 2000",This species is closely related to Rhinolophus adami. 44784,Rhinolophus ruwenzorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,ruwenzorii,,,,,"Hill, 1942","This taxon was initially included within Rhinolophus maclaudi by Koopman (1993), but has more recently been recognized as a valid species (see Fahr et al. 2002, Csorba et al. 2003 and Simmons 2005)." 44790,Glauconycteris argentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,argentata,,,,,"(Dobson, 1875)",Synonym = Chalinolobus argentatus. 44789,Glauconycteris alboguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,alboguttata,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1917)",Synonym = Chalinolobus alboguttatus. 44792,Glauconycteris curryae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,curryae,,,,,"Eger & Schlitter, 2003","Originally spelled curryi, but emended to curryae by Eger." 14213,Myotis yumanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,yumanensis,,,,,"(H. Allen, 1864)",Myotis yumanensis is apparently closely related to velifer. 44791,Glauconycteris beatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,beatrix,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)",Synonym = Chalinolobus beatrix. 44786,Rhinolophus ziama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,ziama,,,,,"Fahr, Vierhaus, Hutterer & Kock, 2002",A split from the Rhinolophus maclaudi complex. Other similar species include R. ruwenzorii and R. hilli. 14211,Myotis welwitschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,welwitschii,,,,,"(Gray, 1866)",This species is monotypic (Meester et al. 1986; Simmons 2005). No subspecies are recognised. 44785,Rhinolophus sakejiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,sakejiensis,,,,,"Cotterill, 2002", 44788,Cistugo seabrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,CISTUGIDAE,Cistugo,seabrae,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","The species has historically been included in the genus Myotis (Family: Vespertilionidae), but molecular studies show that the genus is distinct from all other Vespertilionidae, and is distinctive enough to be placed in its own family, Cistugidae (Lack et al. 2010). Given their similarity, the taxonomic relationship between C. lesueuri and C. seabrae remains controversial (Corbet & Hill 1980; Meester et al. 1986; Simmons 2005; Monadjem et al. 2010; Kearney 2013). They are provisionally treated here as distinct species pending further investigation." 14209,Myotis vivesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,vivesi,,,,,"Ménègaux, 1901", 44787,Cistugo lesueuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,CISTUGIDAE,Cistugo,lesueuri,,,,,"Roberts, 1919","

Historically this species has been included in the genus Myotis (family Vespertilionidae), but molecular studies show that the genus is distinct from all other Vespertilionidae, and in fact is distinctive enough to be placed in its own family, Cistugidae (Rautenbach et al. 1993, Lack et al. 2010).

" 14210,Myotis volans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,volans,,,,,"(H. Allen, 1866)",Apparently Myotis volans is closely related to lucifugus and thysanodes. 44798,Glauconycteris poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,poensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)",Synonym = Chalinolobus poensis. 44797,Glauconycteris machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,machadoi,,,,,"Hayman, 1963",The taxonomic relationship between Glauconycteris machadoi and Glauconycteris variegata needs further clarification (see Simmons 2005). 44800,Glauconycteris variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,variegata,,,,,"(Tomes, 1861)","Two subspecies are currently recognized, but their validity remains uncertain (Happold 2013): Glauconycteris variegata phalaena from Sudan and Somalia, and G. v. variegata, which is distributed through the rest of the species range; including the assessment region (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Glauconycteris machadoi is sometimes considered a melanistic subspecies of G. variegata (Monadjem et al. 2010), but is considered a distinct species by Happold (2013)." 44799,Glauconycteris superba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,superba,,,,,"(Hayman, 1939)",Synonym = Chalinolobus superbus. 44794,Glauconycteris gleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,gleni,,,,,"Peterson & Smith, 1973",Synonym = Chalinolobus gleni. 44793,Glauconycteris egeria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,egeria,,,,,"Thomas, 1913",Synonym = Chalinolobus egeria. 44796,Glauconycteris kenyacola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,kenyacola,,,,,"(Peterson, 1982)",Synonym = Chalinolobus kenyacola. 44795,Glauconycteris humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glauconycteris,humeralis,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917",Distinct from beatrix. 14260,Mystacina robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MYSTACINIDAE,Mystacina,robusta,,,,,"Dwyer, 1962", 16174,Paranyctimene raptor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Paranyctimene,raptor,,,,,"Tate, 1942","Very similar in appearance and overall size but distinct from Paranyctimene tenax Bergmans, 2001, with findings from a recent genetic study supporting the recognition of two Paranyctimene taxa (K.N. Armstrong unpublished data)." 14261,Mystacina tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MYSTACINIDAE,Mystacina,tuberculata,,,,,"Gray, 1843","There are three subspecies and five evolutionary significant units (ESUs) recognized by the New Zealand Bat Recovery Group and the New Zealand Department of Conservation (Lloyd 2003a,b; O’Donnell et al. 2018)." 29420,Myotis csorbai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,csorbai,,,,,"Topál, 1997","Myotis csorbai is distinct from M. longipes (Topál 1997, Simmons 2005)." 1154,Amorphochilus schnablii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,FURIPTERIDAE,Amorphochilus,schnablii,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 18655,Mirimiri acrodonta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Mirimiri,acrodonta,,,,,"(Hill & Beckon, 1978)","This species has recently been placed in its own genus, Mirimiri (Helgen 2005). It was previously considered to belong to Pteralopex." 18656,Pteralopex anceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteralopex,anceps,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1909","Traditionally, a single species of Pteralopex was thought to occur in the Greater Bukida Islands (Buka, Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel), but there are actually two species here. Pteralopex anceps is a smaller, yellow or white-bellied species that, unlike P. flanneryi, prefers upland habitats (Helgen 2005)." 18653,Ptenochirus jagori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Ptenochirus,jagori,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)", 18654,Ptenochirus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Ptenochirus,minor,,,,,"Yoshiyuki, 1979", 22947,Vespertilio murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespertilio,murinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22949,Vespertilio sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespertilio,sinensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1880)","In the past this species was referenced to as V. superans, but Horácek (1997) showed that sinensis was the oldest name available for this species.

The synonym V. orientalis was listed on the IUCN Red list in 1996 as VU A2c, D." 171619155,Hypsugo ariel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,ariel,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 44851,Pipistrellus anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,anchietae,,,,,"(Seabra, 1900)","South Africa
Sometimes spelled anchieta or anchietai, but the correct spelling is anchietae. Monadjem et al. (2010) and Skinner and Chimimba (2005) classify the species as Hypsugo anchietae. Although previously included under the genus Pipistrellus, bacular and chromosomal evidence supports the contention that this species should be placed in its own genus, Hypsugo (Volleth et al. 2001; Kearney et al. 2002; Kearney 2005). It is possible that more H. anchietae exist in collections misidentified as Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kearney & Taylor 1997). Continued molecular and taxonomic research is necessary for the Neoromica/Pipistrellus group and this species (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 44854,Hypsugo eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,eisentrauti,,,,,"Hill, 1968","This species was formerly considered to be endemic to the mountains of Cameroon, however, there have since been records from East Africa. There is a need to confirm that these new records are of P. eisentrauti and not of a related species." 44853,Pipistrellus crassulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,crassulus,,,,,"Thomas, 1904","The West African population distributed in Guinea, Liberia and Côte d'Ivoire forms the subspecies P. c. bellieri, which may be valid at the species level." 44856,Hypsugo savii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,savii,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1837","Hypsugo savii is considered as full species after the taxonomic revision of the family with molecular techniques (Hoofer and Van der Bussche 2003). There are different lineages in south Iberian populations that may deserve recognition at subspecific level (Ibañez et al. 2006). The taxonomic status of the population of the Canary Islands is now considered as H. darwinii but with unclear taxonomic status (Mayer et al. 2007)." 44855,Hypsugo musciculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,musciculus,,,,,"Thomas, 1913",Taxonomy needs revision. Previously considered within Pipistrellus. 5481,Craseonycteris thonglongyai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,CRASEONYCTERIDAE,Craseonycteris,thonglongyai,,,,,"Hill, 1974","Preliminary comparison of the skull morphology between specimens from Thailand and Myanmar, in combination with existing information on genetic and echolocation, suggested that the population in Myanmar may represent a different taxon (P. Soisook, unpublished data). The taxonomic revision is needed." 44859,Miniopterus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,africanus,,,,,"Sanborn, 1936",A species complex. The genus needs revision through genetic analyses which is under way. Morphology is not sufficient to determine the species in this genus. 44862,Miniopterus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,natalensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1834)","The currently recognized Miniopterus natalensis is probably a complex of at least three morphologically similar species. For example, it was previously included as a subspecies of M. schreibersii, from which it is genetically distinct (Miller-Butterworth et al. 2005). The latter species is now restricted to North Africa and Europe (Appleton et al. 2004), with M. natalensis occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, the West African villiersi (V. Aellen, 1956) (Rosevear 1965), recognised as a subspecies of M. natalensis, may be a distinct species (Fahr et al. 2006). Ongoing molecular research may reveal cryptic species within the assessment region." 14288,Myzopoda aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MYZOPODIDAE,Myzopoda,aurita,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier, 1878",This species was split by Goodman et al. (2007) into M. aurita in the east and M. schliemanni in the west. 44864,Myotis punicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,punicus,,,,,"Felten, Spitzenberger, and Storch, 1977","Originally described as a subspecies of M. blythii, but recently shown to lie outside a clade including blythii, myotis and oxygnathus (Ruedi and Mayer 2001)." 44863,Myotis anjouanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,anjouanensis,,,,,"Dorst, 1960",A recent split from Myotis goudoti. 44697,Epomophorus crypturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,crypturus,,,,,"Peters, 1852","This taxon has frequently been included within Epomophorus gambianus. However, we follow Simmons (2005) and Monadjem et al. (2010) in recognising E. crypturus as a distinct species. Adult E. crypturus can be distinguished from sympatric E. wahlbergi by the presence of two post-dental palatal ridges (Photo 1) (only one in E. wahlbergi) and its narrower muzzle (Taylor & Monadjem 2008)." 44698,Lissonycteris angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Lissonycteris,angolensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1898","

We follow Happold and Happold (2013) by including Myonycteris goliath, M. petraea, M. ruwenzorii and M. smithii within M. angolensis. However, it is highly likely that M. angolensis represents a species complex (Simmons 2005, Cotterill, 2001, Monadjem et al., 2010a,b) but a complete review of this taxon has yet to be conducted. A recent study showed that the Cytochrome_b sequences of West African M. angolensis smithii differed by only 1.4-2.1% from that of M. angolensis ruwenzorii in the central Congo basin, suggesting that these two taxa are not specifically distinct. The subspecies goliath was first described by Bergmans (1997) and elevated to species status by Cotterill (2001), based mostly on its larger size and its perceived allopatric distribution. Monadjem et al. (2010a) listed goliath as a valid species, but drew attention to the fact that it was also present in northern Mozambique (Monadjem et al., 2010b) and may therefore possibly be continuous with populations of ruwenzorii in southern Tanzania. The status of goliath needs to be re-evaluated with a molecular approach. The distribution of Myoonycteris angolensis petraea appears to be geniunely allopatric and this taxon may well prove to be a distinct species. The status of the L. angolensis angolensis remains uncertain.

The angolensis species complex was previously listed under the genus Lissonycteris. However, a recent molecular review of the tribe Myonycterini clearly shows Lissonycteris embedded within the genus Myonycteris, and due to the rules of priority Lissonycteris becomes a synonym of Myonycteris.

" 18657,Pteralopex atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteralopex,atrata,,,,,"Thomas, 1888", 44693,Sauromys petrophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Sauromys,petrophilus,,,,,"(Roberts, 1917)","Initially, this species was described as Platymops petrophilus (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Cotterill 2013). The family Molossidae was revised by Peterson (1965), and the genus Platymops was geographically restricted to the East African region, while those species from southern Africa were included under the genus Sauromys (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Monadjem et al. 2010). Although Platymops and Sauromys were previously listed as subgenera under the genus Mormopterus Freeman 1981; Koopman 1993), following Meester et al. (1986), Jacobs & Fenton (2001), Bronner et al (2003), Skinner & Chimimba (2005) and Monadjem et al. (2010), we consider Sauromys a distinct genus. ACR (2015) lists four subspecies, including S. p. erongensis (Roberts 1946) from Namibia, S. p. umbratus (Shortridge & Carter 1938) from the Western Cape, S. p. haagneri (Roberts 1917) from Namibia and the Northern Cape, and S. p. petrophilus (Roberts 1917) from the Limpopo Province, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. However, there is doubt as to their validity (Cotterill 2013). The distribution of this species is fragmented and may have led to genetic isolation of principal populations where the western population is separated from the eastern one by 800 km and future studies may well show these to be genetically distinct (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 44695,Nycteris parisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,parisii,,,,,"De Beaux, 1924","We follow Simmons (2005) in recognizing Nycteris parisii as distinct from N. woodi. There are two subspecies, the nominate N. p. parisii from East Africa and N. p. benuensis from West Africa. The taxonomic status of the species in West Africa needs further investigation." 44696,Nycteris vinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NYCTERIDAE,Nycteris,vinsoni,,,,,"Dalquest, 1965",We follow Simmons (2005) in recognizing this species as distinct from Nycteris macrotis and N. thebaica. 44689,Macronycteris thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Macronycteris,thomensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1891","Simmons (2005) indicates ""Formerly included in H. commersoni, but are apparently distinct (J. Fahr and D. Kock pers. comm.)""." 44692,Platymops setiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Platymops,setiger,,,,,"Peters, 1878",Synonym = Mormopterus setiger. 44687,Macronycteris gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Macronycteris,gigas,,,,,"Wagner, 1845","This species was formerly included in Hipposideros commersoni, but it is clearly distinct based on differences in morphology and echolocation calls (Pye 1972; McWilliam 1982. Some West African specimens identified as gigas may represent Hipposideros vittatus (J. Fahr pers. comm.). The species has both forest and savanna populations, and the savanna form might represent a distinct species." 13838,Mops condylurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,condylurus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1833)","Many subspecies have been described, but none are recognised here due to the variability in pelage colour and size known to occur within only one locality (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). The sparse-haired band across the shoulders separates Mops from Tadarida and most Chaerephon species (Monadjem et al. 2010). The similar-sized Chaerephon ansorgei shows a shoulder band, but has a black throat; and Mops midas is far larger (forearm length > 52 mm) (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 13837,Mops brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,brachypterus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)",Populations currently identified as the subspecies Mops brachypterus leonus from West Africa may represent a distinct species. 13840,Mops demonstrator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,demonstrator,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)", 13839,Mops congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,congicus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917", 9978,Hesperoptenus tickelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hesperoptenus,tickelli,,,,,"(Blyth, 1851)","This species belongs to the subgenus Milithronycteris Hill, 1976 (Simmons 2005)." 9977,Hesperoptenus gaskelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hesperoptenus,gaskelli,,,,,"Hill, 1983",Hesperoptenus gaskelli is recognized as a species (Simmons and Cirranello 2020). 9979,Hesperoptenus tomesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hesperoptenus,tomesi,,,,,"Thomas, 1905", 9976,Hesperoptenus doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hesperoptenus,doriae,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 9975,Hesperoptenus blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hesperoptenus,blanfordi,,,,,"(Dobson, 1877)", 18710,Pteronotus quadridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,quadridens,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1840)",Subgenus Chilonycteris. Includes torrei. See Rodríguez-Durán and Kunz (1992) and Timm and Genoways (2003). 18706,Pteronotus gymnonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,gymnonotus,,,,,"Wagner, 1843",Includes P. suapurensis. 13849,Mops thersites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,thersites,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)", 18705,Pteronotus davyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,davyi,,,,,"Gray, 1838",This taxon is a species complex which needs to be split (Tavares pers. comm.). Might include more than one species (Davalos 2006). 13850,Mops trevori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,trevori,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917",Simmons (2005) records that this species was formerly included in Mops niangarae; with specimens reported as M. congicus from Ghana and Nigeria actually representing M. trevori (J. Fahr pers. comm.) 88017638,Pteronotus parnellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,parnellii,,,,,"Gray, 1843","Subgenus Phyllodia. Hall (1981) reviewed the numerous Central American and Caribbean subspecies; also see Herd (1983), Timm and Genoways (2003). This taxon is a species complex; P. paraguanensis has been split off and P. parnellii ssp. mesoamericanus and P. parnellii ssp. rubiginosus are now recognized as distinct species." 18707,Pteronotus macleayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,macleayii,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)",Pteronotus macleayii is within the subgenus Chilonycteris. The taxonomy of this species was reviewed in part by Timm and Genoways (2003). 18718,Pteropus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,brunneus,,,,,"Dobson, 1878","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear (Mickleburgh et al. 1992). Conder (2008) states that the species is distinct from all other Australian Pteropus species, but there has been speculation that the single specimen might in fact be a vagrant of another species. Despite much survey effort, the species has not been found on the Percy Islands recently. Koopman (1984) discusses the uncertain taxonomic status of P. brunneus at length due to how distinct it is from other known Pteropus in the region. More taxonomic work is needed." 13845,Mops niveiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,niveiventer,,,,,"Cabrera & Ruxton, 1926","Koopman (1993) suggested that Mops niveiventer is possibly a subspecies of M. demonstrator, however, it is currently considered a distinct species." 13847,Mops sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Meyer, 1899)",This species is possibly conspecific with Mops mops (Corbet and Hill 1992). Simmons (2005) also notes that M. sarasinorum includes lanei (this subspecies was previously included in Philippinopterus) according to Freeman (1981) and Hill and Rozendaal (1989). 99688187,Pteropus chrysoproctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,chrysoproctus,,,,,"Temminck, 1837","Simmons (2005) includes P. argentatus, as a synonym of Pteropus chrysoproctus." 20599,Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sphaeronycteris,toxophyllum,,,,,"Peters, 1882",In revision (Tavares pers. comm.). 13848,Mops spurrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,spurrelli,,,,,"(Dollman, 1911)", 18719,Pteropus caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,caniceps,,,,,"Gray, 1870","There’s probably some confusion identifying it in the field as it appears morphologically very similar to its sympatric congeneric, P. hypomelanus." 18714,Pteropus aldabrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,aldabrensis,,,,,"True, 1893",Bergmans (1990) has shown that this taxon differs more strongly from Pteropus seychellensis than formerly assumed. We follow Simmons (2005) in recognising P. aldabrensis as a distinct species. 13841,Mops midas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,midas,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1843)","The entire African continental population of Mops midas is considered to constitute the same subspecies, M. midas midas, while the population of Madagascar forms the other distinct subspecies, M. midas miarensis (Hayman & Hill 1971; Dunlop 1999). However, Ratrimomanarivo et al. (2007) found that the South African and Madagascan populations do not exhibit genetic differences, and this may be evidence of movement between southern Africa and Madagascar (Samonds et al. 2012). Additionally, the southern African population may be geographically isolated from the northern African population by about 1,000 km, which indicates that these two populations may be phylogenetically distinct (Monadjem et al. 2010). Further research is required to substantiate the taxonomic relationship between populations and subspecies." 13842,Mops mops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,mops,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1840)","Corbet and Hill (1992) discuss a specimen from Java which may be this species. If correct, the name labiatus antedates the name mops, requiring a taxonomic change. The species was previously treated under Tadarida." 18713,Pteropus admiralitatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,admiralitatum,,,,,"Thomas, 1894","Pteropus admiralitatum is in need of taxonomic reassessment as there are four subspecies currently recognized, including P. a. admiralitatum, P. a. colonus, P. a. goweri, and P. a. solomonis (Simmons 2005) and may include 2-3 distinct species.

P. howensis, found on a single atoll, is provisionally retained as a separate species following Simmons (2005)." 13843,Mops nanulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,nanulus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917", 18716,Pteropus anetianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,anetianus,,,,,"Gray, 1870", 18715,Pteropus alecto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,alecto,,,,,"Temminck, 1837", 13844,Mops niangarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,niangarae,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917","Additional studies are needed into the systematic status of Mops niangarae, especially with regards to its relationship to M. trevori (see Hayman and Hill 1971, Peterson 1972, Freeman 1981, Simmons 2005)." 18723,Pteropus faunulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,faunulus,,,,,"Miller, 1902","Earlier listed under Pteropus hypomelanus Temminck, 1853 (Andersen 1908, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Hill 1967), it is clearly distinct from hypomelanus in bearing softer and larger pelage and smaller dentition (Bates and Harrison 1997) hence treated as distinct species (Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu et al. in press)." 18724,Pteropus fundatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,fundatus,,,,,"Felten & Kock, 1972", 18721,Pteropus conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,conspicillatus,,,,,"Gould, 1850", 18722,Pteropus dasymallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,dasymallus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825","In Japan, four subspecies are recognized: Pteropus dasymallus dasymallus, P. d. daitoensis (Daito Islands), P. d. inopinatus (Okinawa Islands), and P. d. yayeyamae (Yaeyama Islands). The Taiwan subpopulation represents the subspecies P. d. formosus Sclater, 1873." 18727,Pteropus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,griseus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)", 18728,Pteropus howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,howensis,,,,,"Troughton, 1931",Pteropus howensis might be conspecific with P. admiralitatum; this needs further study. It is treated provisionally here as a separate species following Simmons (2005). 18726,Pteropus gilliardorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,gilliardorum,,,,,"Van Deusen, 1969","Previously spelled gilliardi; amended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b) following article 31 of the ICZN code. Misspelled ""gailliardi"" by Koopman (1994)." 18731,Desmalopex leucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Desmalopex,leucopterus,,,,,"Temminck, 1853","Desmalopex was originally described by Miller (1907) and included leucopterus based on distinctive cranial features. Leucopterus was subsequently placed in Pteropus. Recent DNA sequence data demonstrates that leucopterus is more closely related to Pteralopex and Acerodon than to Pteropus, supporting the recognition of Desmalopex as a valid genus (Giannini et al. 2008, Almeida et al. 2014)." 18732,Pteropus livingstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,livingstonii,,,,,"Gray, 1866","P. livingstonei was used on the 2000 Red List. CITES also uses P. livingstonei, and livingstonei should be the grammatically correct spelling. T. Hutson (Chiroptera Red List Authority) notes that the correct spelling should be livingstonii (also by Simmons in Wilson and Reeder 2005). Andersen’s 1912 emendation of the species name is now considered unjustified (Smith and Leslie 2006)." 18729,Pteropus hypomelanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,hypomelanus,,,,,"Temminck, 1853","This taxon belongs to the subniger species group. Earlier the taxon satyrus Andersen, 1908 was listed under Pteropus melanotus Blyth, 1863 (Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993). Jones and Kunz (2000) validated maris Allen, 1936 as its subspecies (Srinivasulu et al. in press). The Melanesian population of this species (subspecies P. h. luteus) is disjunct from populations in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines (several subspecies)." 85043053,Pteropus pelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,pelagicus,,,,,"Kittlitz, 1836","A recent taxonomic evaluation united the former species Pteropus insularis and P. phaeocephalus into a single species under the revised name of P. pelagicus (Buden et al. 2013). Both previous taxa were designated as subspecies, these being P. p. pelagicus (formerly P. phaeocephalus) and P. p. insularis (formerly P. insularis). Pteropus insularis and P. phaeocephalus are treated as synonyms of P. pelagicus (Buden et al. 2013)." 18735,Pteropus macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,macrotis,,,,,"Peters, 1867", 18736,Pteropus mahaganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,mahaganus,,,,,"Sanborn, 1931", 18733,Pteropus lombocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,lombocensis,,,,,"Dobson, 1878", 18734,Pteropus lylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,lylei,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1908", 18740,Pteropus melanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,melanotus,,,,,"Blyth, 1863","Pteropus melanotus is recognized as a species (Simmons and Cirranello 2020), but its taxonomy remains poorly understood and requires further assessment. Initial data suggests that it represents a species complex and that some or all subspecies may represent distinct species." 13883,Mormopterus kalinowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mormopterus,kalinowskii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)",Mormopterus kalinowskii is in the kalinowskii species group. 18739,Pteropus melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,melanopogon,,,,,"Peters, 1867","Pteropus aruensis and P. keyensis are often listed as subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954). Here they are recognized as distinct species, following Bergmans (2001), and pending additional review of this complex (Simmons 2005)." 13884,Mormopterus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mormopterus,minutus,,,,,"(Miller, 1899)",This species is in the kalinowskii species group. 13881,Mormopterus doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mormopterus,doriae,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1907","Generic synonyms: Tadarida, Micronomus." 188566753,Pteropus mariannus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,mariannus,,,,,"Desmarest, 1822","This species used to include three subspecies: Pteropus mariannus mariannus in the Mariana Islands, P. m. yapensis on Yap and Ulithi in the Federated States of Micronesia, and P. m. pelewensis on islands in the Republic of Palau. Recent phylogenetic evidence has led to the elevation and splitting of these subspecies, which are now recognized as P. mariannus (Guam and Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), P. pelewensis yapensis (Yap and Ulithi), and Pteropus p. pelewensis (Palau) following Almeida and others (2014)." 13882,Mormopterus jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mormopterus,jugularis,,,,,"(Peters in Sclater, 1865)", 13887,Mormopterus phrudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mormopterus,phrudus,,,,,"Handley, 1956","The Mormopterus genus requires review (Molinari pers. comm.), however the species is valid (Velazco pers. comm)." 18744,Pteropus nitendiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,nitendiensis,,,,,"Sanborn, 1930","Pteropus santacrucis is a synonym of this species (Flannery 1995, Simmons 2005)." 71732146,Ozimops planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,planiceps,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)","The taxonomy of the genus Mormopterus sensu lato in Australia has been recently revised (Reardon et al. 2014) resulting in the descriptions of new species and redefinitions of some retained species. The species planiceps remains valid but has been redefined. Subgenera recognised in Reardon et al. (2014), including Ozimops, were subsequently elevated to genus level (Jackson and Groves 2015)." 76776686,Micronomus norfolkensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Micronomus,norfolkensis,,,,,"Gray, 1839",This is the revised concept for M. norfolkensis. Reardon et al. (2008) split the concept of this species into M. norfolkensis and a new species M. eleryi from central Australia recognising the subgenera Setirostris for eleryi and Micronomus for norfolkensis. Jackson and Groves (2014) and others have elevated both Setirostris and Micronomus to genus status. 18742,Pteropus neohibernicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,neohibernicus,,,,,"Peters, 1876", 18741,Pteropus molossinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,molossinus,,,,,"Temminck, 1853", 18747,Pteropus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,personatus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 18746,Pteropus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,ornatus,,,,,"Gray, 1870", 71733227,Mormopterus acetabulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mormopterus,acetabulosus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1804)","Previously, Mormopterus acetabulosus was considered an endemic to the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and La Réunion), however Goodman et al. (2008) showed that this actually comprised two closely related taxa. The holotype of M. acetabulosus is from Mauritius, and a newly described species, M. francoismoutoui, is from La Réunion (Goodman et al. 2008)." 18752,Pteropus pselaphon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,pselaphon,,,,,"Lay, 1829", 18751,Pteropus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,poliocephalus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 18750,Pteropus pohlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,pohlei,,,,,"Stein, 1933","Populations from Biak-Supiori and Waigeo that are usually ascribed to this species together represent a related, undescribed species. Pteropus pohlei apparently does not occur on the New Guinea mainland. (K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 13877,Mormoops blainvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Mormoops,blainvillei,,,,,"Leach, 1821","Often spelled blainvillii, but this was an incorrect original spelling; the correct spelling is blainvillei. The ICZN placed blainvilli on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology, and placed blainvillei on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology in Opinion 462. See Lancaster and Kalko (1996) and Timm and Genoways (2003)." 13878,Mormoops megalophylla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Mormoops,megalophylla,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)",The genus Mormoops requires review and it may be split to two to five species (Davalos pers. comm). New Red List assessments will be made after this taxonomic split occurs. Three subspecies are currently recognized. 18749,Pteropus pilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,pilosus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1908", 18753,Pteropus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,pumilus,,,,,"Miller, 1910","Research is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the population on Miangas Island, and also on the possible population of this species on Tawi-Tawi; both of these islands are distant from the main range of the species." 22577,Tylonycteris pachypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Tylonycteris,pachypus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","This is the new taxonomic concept for Tylonycteris pachypus. Tylonycteris fulvida (originally described as Scotophilus fulvidus Blyth, 1850 but sometimes incorrectly referred to as T. rubidus Thomas, 1915), T. meyeri Peters, 1872 and T. aurex Thomas, 1915, previously all treated as subspecies of T. pachypus (Tate 1942), are now re-elevated to species rank (see Tu et al. 2017). Formal confirmation of species rank for T. fulvida, T. meyeri, and T. aurex is pending.

Specimens previously referred to T. pachypus found in the islands of the Sundaic region (i.e. Java, Sumatra, and Borneo and surrounding islands) are provisionally retained under this species name but further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of these allopatric populations (Tu et al. 2017)." 18754,Pteropus rayneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,rayneri,,,,,"Gray, 1870",The taxonomy of Pteropus rayneri subspecies and relationships with P. cognatus and P. rennelli are need of review. 22578,Tylonycteris robustula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Tylonycteris,robustula,,,,,"Thomas, 1915","This is the new taxonomic concept for Tylonycteris robustula. Tylonycteris malayana Chasen, 1940 was previously included as subspecies of T. robustula (Medway 1973), but it is now re-elevated to full species rank (Tu et al. 2017). Specimens formerly referred to T. robustula found in northern Indochina are now considered to be representatives of a new species T. tonkinensis Tu et al. 2017, populations found from other isolated island areas i.e. the Philippines and Sulawesi may represent additional unknown species (see Tu et al. 2017). Formal confirmation of species rank for T. malayana and T. tonkinensis is pending.

Specimens previously referred to this species found from isolated islands of Sundaic region (i.e. Java, Sumatra, and Borneo and surrounding islands) are provisionally retained under T. robustula but further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of these allopatric populations (see Tu et al. 2017)." 18755,Pteropus rodricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,rodricensis,,,,,"Dobson, 1878", 18756,Pteropus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,rufus,,,,,"É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803",Synonyms = Pteropus (edwardsi) rufus rufus Kaudern (1915); Pteropus phaiops Temminick (1825); Pteropus rufus Dorst (1948); Pteropus rufus princeps Grandidier & Petit (1932); Pteropus rufus princeps K. Andersen (1908); Pteropus rufus rufus Grandidier & Petit (1932); Pteropus rufus rufus K. Andersen (1912). 18757,Pteropus samoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,samoensis,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 18758,Pteropus scapulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,scapulatus,,,,,"Peters, 1862", 18759,Pteropus seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,seychellensis,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1877","It seems probable that the two recognized subspecies Pteropus seychellensis seychellensis (from the Seychelles) and Pteropus seychellensis comorensis (from the Comoros Islands and Mafia Island) represent distinct taxa at the species level. In addition, the population of Pteropus seychellensis comorensis from Mafia island (Tanzania) might represent a species distinct from the populations of this bat recorded from the Comoros Islands." 18760,Pteropus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,speciosus,,,,,"Andersen, 1908",This is currently considered a separate species from Pteropus griseus (Simmons 2005). A major taxonomic review is required to determine the validity of Pteropus speciosus. 18761,Pteropus subniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,subniger,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 18762,Pteropus temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,temminckii,,,,,"Peters, 1867",Corrected spelling of specific name to temminckii (an orthographic eror). 18763,Pteropus tokudae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,tokudae,,,,,"Tate, 1934", 18764,Pteropus tonganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,tonganus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830",Flannery (1995) suggests that the taxonomic status of Pteropus tonganus basilicus from Karkar Island should be reviewed. 18765,Pteropus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,tuberculatus,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 18767,Pteropus vetulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,vetulus,,,,,"Jouan, 1863", 18768,Pteropus voeltzkowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,voeltzkowi,,,,,"Matschie, 1909", 5113,Coleura afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Coleura,afra,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)",The recently discovered population in Madagascar could prove to be a distinct species. 18769,Pteropus woodfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,woodfordi,,,,,"Thomas, 1888", 18773,Pteropus loochoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,loochoensis,,,,,"Gray, 1870","This species is taxonomically uncertain. Some authors place this into synonymy under Pteropus mariannus, for example Koopman (1993) and MacPhee and Fleming, 1999). Others treat it as a subspecies of the P. mariannus (Kuroda 1940, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Koopman 1982), while some give it full species status (Andersen 1912, Simmons 2005, Kinjo 2015)." 5112,Coleura seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Coleura,seychellensis,,,,,"Peters, 1868","Two subspecies are recognized: Coleura seychellensis seychellensis from Mahé and Praslin, and C. s. silhouettae from Silhouette and La Digue (Hill 1971, Rocamora and Joubert 2004)." 10135,Hipposideros fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,fulvus,,,,,"Gray, 1838","This species belongs to bicolor species group. Earlier included under Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck 1834) (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered distinct (Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005). All earlier records of Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck 1834) from peninsular India are now considered to be of Hipposideros fulvus Gray, 1838 after Hill et al. (1986) (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 10136,Hipposideros galeritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,galeritus,,,,,"Cantor, 1846","Hipposideros galeritus includes H. longicauda (Hill 1963). This species formerly included H. cervinus which is now recognized as a separate species (Jenkins and Hill 1981, Simmons 2005). The taxonomy has been reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), and Flannery (1995). This species might represent more than one species (Bhargavi Srinivasulu pers. obs., August 2018, Soisook, P. pers. comm. August 2018)." 10134,Hipposideros fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)","Populations from central Africa may well represent a different species from those in western central (west of about 15°). Ethiopian records represent another, possibly undescribed, species (J. Fahr pers. comm.), and are not considered here." 10131,Hipposideros durgadasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,durgadasi,,,,,"Khajuria, 1970","This species belongs to bicolor species group. Earlier it was considered a form of Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853, but it is now accepted as a distinct species (Topál 1975, Khajuria 1982, Simmons 2005)." 10132,Hipposideros dyacorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,dyacorum,,,,,"Thomas, 1902", 10129,Hipposideros dinops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,dinops,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1905","This species formerly considered conspecific with Hipposideros pelingensis from Peleng and Sulawesi Islands (Indonesia). However, the two are distinct with separate evolutionary origins (Simmons 2005, Lavery et al. 2014). The taxonomic relationships between H. dinops, H. diadema and H. demissus are complex and require further detailed study." 10130,Hipposideros doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,doriae,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)"," Hipposideros doriae includes sabanus as a synonym (Hill 1963, Benda 2000)." 85646564,Hipposideros larvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,larvatus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1823)","Excludes Hipposideros grandis, now considered separate species (Thabah et al. 2006, Kruskop 2013)." 10144,Hipposideros lekaguli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,lekaguli,,,,,"Thonglongya & Hill, 1974","As currently defined, this species is variable geographically. The Philippines population is likely to represent a different species, a comprehensive revision is needed (Heaney et al. 1998)." 13936,Murina aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,aenea,,,,,"Hill, 1964", 10141,Hipposideros lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,lamottei,,,,,"Brosset, 1985",The molecular and morphological distinction from other species in the Hipposideros ruber complex has recently been described (Monadjem et al. 2013). 10142,Hipposideros lankadiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,lankadiva,,,,,"Kelaart, 1850","This species belongs to the diadema species group. The taxon H. schistaceus Andersen, 1918, was previously considered to be distinct at the species level, but is now considered a synonym of Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850 (Bates and Harrison 1997, Sinha 1999, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2001, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). Three subspecies are presently recognized, the nominate subspecies lankadiva Kelaart, 1850; indus Andersen, 1918 and gyi Bates et al. 2015 (Bates et al. 2015).

" 10139,Hipposideros inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,inexpectatus,,,,,"Laurie & Hill, 1954", 10140,Hipposideros jonesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,jonesi,,,,,"Hayman, 1947", 10137,Hipposideros halophyllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,halophyllus,,,,,"Hill & Yenbutra, 1984", 10138,Hipposideros hypophyllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,hypophyllus,,,,,"Kock & Bhat, 1994","This species belongs to the bicolor species group (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 10120,Macronycteris commersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Macronycteris,commersoni,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1813)",Hipposideros commersoni is considered an endemic species to Madagascar by Peterson et al. (1995) and Simmons (2005). 13944,Murina puta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,puta,,,,,"Kishida, 1924","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. It may be conspecific with M. huttoni, to which it is closely related (Yoshiyuki 1989)." 10119,Hipposideros cineraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,cineraceus,,,,,"Blyth, 1853","This species belongs to bicolor species group. The specimens referred to Hipposideros amboinensis Peters, 1871 by Dobson (1878), Blanford (1891) and Wroughton (1918) reported from different parts of India are accorded to Hipposideros cineraceus Blyth, 1853 by Bhat and Jacob (1990). However, Bates and Harrison (1997) provisionally shifted all records of this taxon from southern India to Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848; but recent studies have found that some populations in peninsular India are H. durgadasi (Kaur et al. 2014). Appears to be more than one species in Peninsula Malaysia; it is probably a species complex (Francis pers. comm.)." 13943,Murina leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,leucogaster,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1872", 13942,Murina huttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,huttoni,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)","Murina huttoni is a wide ranging species with close phylogenetic affinities to M. harrisoni and M. puta. Although the taxon rubella is treated here as its subspecies further research could reveal the specific distinctness of the latter. As a widespread species (including highly isolated records from India and from the Malay Peninsula), further cryptic diverstiy is expected. The Pakistani record is erroneous and is the results of a nomenclatural mis-interpretation. An earlier record of this taxon from Pu Mat in Viet Nam described as M. tiensa sp. nov. by Csorba et al. (2007) is presently synonymised under M. harrisoni (Son et al. 2015)." 10118,Hipposideros cervinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,cervinus,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)","The taxonomic status and distribution of this species were discussed by Jenkins and Hill (1981). The possibility for species-level distinctness of any of the allopatric island groups spread from Peninsula Malaysia, through Indonesia, to the Solomon Islands has not been subject to rigorous taxonomic evaluation with modern methods, but a study with sufficient geographic sampling is likely to result in the discovery of cryptic species." 13941,Harpiola grisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Harpiola,grisea,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)","

Although Harpiola is considered as a subgenus of the genus Murina by Simmons (2005), Kuo et al. (2006) resurrected its generic status after examining a series of specimens collected from Taiwan.

" 10117,Hipposideros camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,camerunensis,,,,,"Eisentraut, 1956","There is debate as to whether all the records comprise a single species, or whether there might be two or three different species involved. The records from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Kenya could refer to other, possibly undescribed, species." 13940,Murina fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,fusca,,,,,"Sowerby, 1922","Listed as a subspecies of Murina leucogaster by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978), but Wallin (1969) considered it a valid species. Wang (1959) suggested that it may be synonymous with hilgendorfi." 10116,Hipposideros calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,calcaratus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1877)","Two subspecies are recognised, with the nominate extending from Manus Island, the Bismarck Archipelago, Bougainville to the Solomon Islands, plus Yapen Island in the Papua Province of Indonesia. The subspecies H. c. cupidus occurs south of the central cordillera in Papua New Guinea. The possibility for species-level distinctness of any of these geographic groups has not been subject to rigorous taxonomic evaluation with modern methods, but preliminary genetic analyses support genetic divergence among them (K.N. Armstrong and T. Lavery unpublished data). There is a range in mean echolocation call frequency of c.35 kHz among populations that may support taxonomic differences (southern Papua New Guinea c. 133 kHz, Armstrong et al. 2015; Mussau Island c. 98 kHz, Armstrong et al. 2015; Solomon Islands c. 117 kHz, Pennay and Lavery 2017)." 80459007,Hipposideros caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,caffer,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1846)","This species was previously part of the Hipposideros ruber complex. However, Vallo et al. (2008) have somewhat clarified the taxonomy of this group and show that H. cafer s.s. is restricted to southern African. The northern limits of this species are currently unknown and may include Tanzania and Kenya (Vallo et al. 2008, Monadjem et al. 2013)." 13939,Murina florium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,florium,,,,,"Thomas, 1908", 154196798,Murina cyclotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,cyclotis,,,,,"Dobson, 1872","The species, as covered here, actually represents a complex of species, only some of which have been formally recognized or described. Populations in south peninsular Thailand, peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, originally described as a large subspecies of M. cyclotis, were recognized as a distinct species under the name M. peninsularis by Francis and Eger (2012) and Soisook et al. (2013). Specimens from Peninsular Thailand, south of the Isthmus of Kra (and overlapping the range of M. peninsularis) were recently described as a separate species M. guilleni with a closely related but distinct subspecies M. guilleni nicobarensis from the Nicobar islands (Soisook et al 2013). Populations in the Philippines include several genetically distinct clades that differ from any of the above forms (J. Eger pers. comm.) but these have not yet been formally described. The identity of the specimen from Lombok has not been studied, but it is unlikely to be the same as the mainland forms. The Sri Lankan subspecies M. cyclotis eileenae may represent another separate species, but this has not been examined genetically. Similarly, genetic data are not yet available from India (the type locality of M. cyclotis) to determine whether these are the same species as populations in northern Thailand and Indochina. The recently described species M. fionae (Francis and Eger 2012) from Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia is morphologically similar to M. peninsularis but is genetically distinct and morphologically readily distinguished from sympatric populations of M. cyclotis by its larger size." 10114,Hipposideros breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,breviceps,,,,,"Tate, 1941", 13937,Murina aurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,aurata,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1872", 80258800,Hipposideros bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,bicolor,,,,,"(Temminck, 1834)","This is the revised concept for Hipposideros bicolor. Previously the species included H. atrox, but this is now considered a distinct species (Douangboubpha et al. 2010)." 10128,Hipposideros diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,diadema,,,,,"Geoffroy, 1813",This species is recognized by Simmons and Cirranello (2020) and may have 15 subspecies (Bonaccorso 1998). Additional research is needed to clarify taxonomic relationships and distribution among the subspecies. 10127,Hipposideros demissus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,demissus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1909","The Makira Horseshoe Bat was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Hipposideros diadema, but is now treated as a distinct species (Kitchener et al. 1992, Flannery 1995, Simmons 2005). It shares close genetic affinities with other large leaf-nosed bats in the Solomon Islands H. diadema and H. dinops (Lavery et al. 2014)." 84562332,Murina ussuriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,ussuriensis,,,,,"Ognev, 1913","This species was for a long time considered a subspecies of M. aurata (Kuzyakin 1950, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Its difference from M. aurata was clearly shown on morphological grounds (Maeda 1980) and relation to M. huttoni was supposed by molecular data (Kruskop et al. 2012). M. silvatica, described from Honshu Island as a distinct species, was then considered a subspecies of M. ussuriensis (Maeda 1994, Kruskop 2005, Kawai 2015a). The same can be suggested in relation to M. tenebrosa from Tsushima Island (Kawai 2015b), special molecular studies are required to clarify this question." 10126,Hipposideros cyclops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,cyclops,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)", 84560827,Murina tubinaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,tubinaris,,,,,"(Scully, 1881)","Earlier treated either as a subspecies of Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872) (Tate 1941, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), or a distinct species (Hill 1963, 1964, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). This taxon until recently ranged from Pakistan to Thailand and Vietnam. The populations from Southeast Asia and northeast India have been assigned to M. faea (Son et al. 2015). M. tubinaris sensu stricto is presently restricted to Pakistan and northwest India (Csorba et al. 2011)." 10125,Hipposideros curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,curtus,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1921",The taxonomic relationship between Hipposideros curtus and H. vittatus is unclear and needs further investigation. 10124,Hipposideros crumeniferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,crumeniferus,,,,,"(Lesueur & Petit, 1807)","This species may represent Hipposideros cervinus as the current determination is based on palate morphology only (Laurie and Hill 1954, Hill 1963, Corbet and Hill 1992, Pavlinov et al. 1995, Simmons 2005)." 13948,Murina tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,tenebrosa,,,,,"Yoshiyuki, 1970", 13947,Murina suilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,suilla,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)",Probably represents two species which can be sympatric in Java (G. Csorba pers. comm). 10123,Hipposideros coxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,coxi,,,,,"Shelford, 1901", 10121,Hipposideros coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,coronatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 13945,Murina rozendaali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,rozendaali,,,,,"Hill & Francis, 1984", 10109,Hipposideros abae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,abae,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1917", 10110,Hipposideros armiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,armiger,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1835)", 80457009,Hipposideros ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,ater,,,,,"Templeton, 1848","This is a species complex that extends from India, through parts of mainland and Maritime Southeast Asia, to New Guinea and Australia. It is highly likely that there are several species-level taxa within Hipposideros ‘ater’, given the many allopatric distributions, and its presence on either side of all major faunal boundary lines in the region. Representatives in some parts of the distribution have already been described formally as distinct species (H. einnaythu, Douangboubpha et al. 2011) or confirmed as distinct (H. nicobularae, Douangboubpha et al. 2011, previously synonymised with H. ater by Simmons 2005). Several other studies have documented polyphyletic relationships and large levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence amongst geographic representatives of H. ater, which are suggestive of distinct taxa in the Philippines, Borneo, Java and parts of Australasia (Esselstyn et al. 2012, Lavery et al. 2014, F.A.A. Khan et al. unpublished data). A second affiliated species appears to be present in Papua New Guinea (Armstrong et al. 2019). A rigorous taxonomic evaluation that includes modern genetic methods and comprehensive geographic sampling is required. One or more of the other synonyms listed by Simmons (2005) may yet prove to be distinct at the species level." 10112,Hipposideros beatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,beatus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1906", 10107,Hipposideros papua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,papua,,,,,"(Thomas & Doria, 1886)","There is no suggestion that more than one taxon exists within Hipposideros papua, though its allopatric distribution across various islands in the North Maluku and West Papua provinces of Indonesia could contain divergent populations worthy of consideration as separate evolutionary significant units." 10108,Hipposideros ridleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,ridleyi,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1911", 10200,Histiotus alienus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Histiotus,alienus,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",Tavares et al. (in press) and Simmons (2005) consider H. alienus as a species. Gardner (2008) consider alienus as a subspecies of H. montanus. Further taxonomic clarity is needed. 10203,Histiotus velatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Histiotus,velatus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1824)", 10201,Histiotus macrotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Histiotus,macrotus,,,,,"(Poeppig, 1835)", 10202,Histiotus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Histiotus,montanus,,,,,"(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)",Has taxonomic problems. 14003,Musonycteris harrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Musonycteris,harrisoni,,,,,"Schaldach & McLaughlin, 1960",A generic synonym is Choeronycteris. 10161,Hipposideros sorenseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,sorenseni,,,,,"Kitchener & Maryanto, 1993", 10162,Hipposideros speoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,speoris,,,,,"(Schneider, 1800)","Earlier treated as a subspecies (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Corbet and Hill 1992), the taxon pulchellus Andersen, 1918, is now synonymized with Hipposideros speoris (Schneider, 1800) (Sinha 1976, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 10163,Hipposideros stenotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,stenotis,,,,,"Thomas, 1913", 10164,Hipposideros sumbae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,sumbae,,,,,"Oei, 1960","Hipposideros sumbae was previously considered a subspecies of H. laruatus but is currently recognized as a distinct species (Monadjem et al. 2019, Simmons and Cirranello 2020)." 80224148,Hipposideros turpis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,turpis,,,,,"Bangs, 1901","The turpis species complex is now recognized to comprise 3 distinct species: H. turpis, H. pendleburyi, and H. alongensis (Thong et al. 2012)." 12078,Lionycteris spurrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lionycteris,spurrelli,,,,,"Thomas, 1913", 20521,Sphaerias blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Sphaerias,blanfordi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1891)", 10146,Hipposideros macrobullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,macrobullatus,,,,,"Tate, 1941",Hipposideros macrobullatus was previously considered a synonym of H. bicolor but see Hill et al. (1986) and Bergmans and van Bree (1986). It is part of the bicolor species group and may be conspecific with H. pomona (Corbet and Hill 1992). 10145,Hipposideros lylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,lylei,,,,,"Thomas, 1913","This species is a member of the pratti species group, and has been considered a subspecies of pratti in the past." 16707,Peropteryx kappleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Peropteryx,kappleri,,,,,"Peters, 1867",This species may be confused with others therefore current collections may require reevaluation (Y. Munoz pers. comm.). 10148,Hipposideros maggietaylorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,maggietaylorae,,,,,"Smith & Hill, 1981","

Modern taxonomic methods have not yet been applied to this species to determine if allopatric populations in West Papua Province of Indonesia (including Waigeo and Batanta islands), northern and southern Papua New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago qualify as different species.


" 16708,Peropteryx leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Peropteryx,leucoptera,,,,,"Peters, 1867",Peropteryx leucoptera is a species complex and a new species will be described by Lim et al. (in prep). 10147,Hipposideros madurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,madurae,,,,,"Kitchener & Maryanto, 1993", 16709,Peropteryx macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Peropteryx,macrotis,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)","This species does not include trinitatis or phaea. This complex may include more than one species; see Reid et al. (2000) and Yee (2000), but note that Yee included trinitatis and phaea in this species." 10150,Hipposideros megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,megalotis,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1862)", 10149,Hipposideros marisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,marisae,,,,,"Aellen, 1954", 10152,Hipposideros nequam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,nequam,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1918",It is difficult to determine if this species is valid as the holotype is damaged (C. Francis pers. comm). 10153,Hipposideros obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,obscurus,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)","There is a need for studies of geographic variation of this species across its range (L. Heaney, D. Balete, J. Esselstyn pers. comm. 2006)." 10156,Hipposideros pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1843)", 10155,Hipposideros pratti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,pratti,,,,,"Thomas, 1891", 10157,Hipposideros ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,ruber,,,,,"(Noack, 1893)","Simmons (2005) lists the following synonyms: H. centralis K. Andersen, 1906; H. niapu J.A. Allen, 1917; and H. r. guineensis K. Anderson, 1906 as valid subspecies." 11378,Lavia frons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MEGADERMATIDAE,Lavia,frons,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)", 18945,Pygoderma bilabiatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Pygoderma,bilabiatum,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)", 1620,Anthops ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Anthops,ornatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1888", 13570,Miniopterus robustior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,robustior,,,,,"Revilliod, 1914", 13569,Miniopterus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,pusillus,,,,,"Dobson, 1876","Earlier treated as subspecies of Miniopterus australis Tomes, 1858 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered a distinct species (Hill 1983, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons and Cirranelo 2020) (Srinivasulu et al. 2012). Continuing confusion with M. australis causes uncertainty regarding the distribution of this species in Indonesia (P. Bates pers. comm.)." 11374,Latidens salimalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Latidens,salimalii,,,,,"Thonglongya, 1972", 13563,Miniopterus fraterculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,fraterculus,,,,,"Thomas & Schwann, 1906","The currently recognized Miniopterus fraterculus is possibly a complex of morphologically similar species (Monadjem et al. 2013). Although Miniopterus fraterculus is morphologically very similar to M. natalensis, these two are genetically distinct and have different echolocation calls (Miller-Butterworth et al. 2005). The specimens from Malawi and northern Mozambique fall within the size range of M. fraterculus, but have recently been shown to be a new species, M. mossambicus (Monadjem et al. 2013). Similarly, the population from Madagascar has been shown to be specifically distinct from M. fraterculus (Goodman et al. 2007), possibly rendering M. fraterculus a South African and Swaziland endemic. No subspecies are recognised (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 13565,Miniopterus inflatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,inflatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","South Africa
The currently recognized Miniopterus inflatus is probably a complex of morphologically similar species. Meester et al. (1986) recognised two subspecies, one of which occurs in southern Africa, M. i. rufus (Sanborn 1936). Similarly, Juste et al. (2007) recognise M. africanus as distinct from M. inflatus. Molecular data suggest that this species’ closest relative in southern Africa is M. fraterculus (Miller-Butterworth et al. 2005). Molecular research may reveal M. inflatus to be endemic or near endemic to the assessment region (A. Monadjem pers. comm. 2016)." 13568,Miniopterus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,minor,,,,,"Peters, 1867",The currently recognized Miniopterus minor is probably a complex of morphologically similar species. 1569,Anoura luismanueli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,luismanueli,,,,,"Molinari, 1994",Requires taxonomic revision (Mantilla and Molinari pers. comm.) 13556,Mimetillus moloneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Mimetillus,moloneyi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1891)","Mimetillus moloneyi may currently represent a complex of species, with additional studies needed to clarify its taxonomic status." 13559,Mimon bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Mimon,bennettii,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)","Mimon bennetti does not include cozumelae; see McCarthy et al. (1993), and Simmons and Voss (1998)." 81187867,Glischropus tylopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glischropus,tylopus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1875)","The species was formerly considered to North of the Kra Isthmus in Thailand, but the form there is now recognised as a distinct species, Glischropus bucephalus (Csorba 2011)." 9247,Glischropus javanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glischropus,javanus,,,,,"Chasen, 1939","Glischropus javanus may be conspecific with G. tylopus (Corbet and Hill 1992, Menu 1987)." 8033,Erophylla sezekorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Erophylla,sezekorni,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1860)","Erophylla sezekorni does not include bombifrons. Its taxonomy was reviewed by Baker et al. (1978), but note that they included bombifrons in this taxon. The species was further reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003)." 13649,Molossus pretiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,pretiosus,,,,,"Miller, 1902","This species is sometimes listed as a synonym of rufus, but see Dolan (1989). Does not include macdougalli; see Dolan (1989)." 13650,Molossus sinaloae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,sinaloae,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1906","Includes trinitatus, see Dolan (1989) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Reviewed by Jennings et al. (2002)." 13648,Molossus molossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,molossus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","This includes fortis, milleri, debilis and tropidorhynchus. It does not include aztecus, barnesi, coibensis, cherriei and lambi; see Dolan (1989) and Simmons and Voss (1998). It also includes daulensis. The Antillean subpopulations were reviewed by Genoways et al. (1981) and Timm and Genoways (2003). This complex is desperately in need of revision." 1568,Anoura latidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,latidens,,,,,"Handley, 1984", 102208365,Molossus coibensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,coibensis,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1904",It now includes Molossus barnesi previously assessed as a separate species (Catzeflis et al. 2016). 88087340,Molossus currentium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,currentium,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",Molossus currentium previously included M. bondae as synonym. M. bondae is now considered as a valid species (Eger 2008). 1566,Anoura cultrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,cultrata,,,,,"Handley, 1960",Could contain two species (L. Davalos pers. comm.). Includes brevirostrum and werckleae; see Nagorsen and Tamsitt (1981). 13645,Molossus aztecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,aztecus,,,,,"Saussure, 1860",Included in Molossus by Koopman (1994). 9277,Glossophaga soricina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glossophaga,soricina,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)",This concept may contain more than one species; see Hoffmann and Baker (2001) and Simmons (2005). 13644,Molossus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,rufus,,,,,"É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1805","This species is called ater by many authors, but see Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labelled as types of rufus in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really an Eumops, and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater. This species requires taxonomic revision and studies (Barquez pers. comm.)." 9276,Glossophaga morenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glossophaga,morenoi,,,,,"Martinez & Villa, 1938","This concept includes mexicana. Solmsen (1998) treated morenoi as a synonym of leachii, and brevirostris as a subspecies of mexicana (listed as a distinct species) with no comment." 9275,Glossophaga longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glossophaga,longirostris,,,,,"Miller, 1898",Needs taxonomic revision (contains many subspecies) (Tavares pers. comm.). Includes elongata. 13643,Molossops temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossops,temminckii,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1854)",Subgenus Molossops. 13642,Cynomops planirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cynomops,planirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)","The lectotype was designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). It does not include milleri or paranus. Specimens previously reported from Ecuador apparently represent paranus; planirostris is not presently known from Ecuador (Reid et al. 2000).

Cynomops generally is regarded as either a monophyletic genus or, in some cases, a subgenus of Molossops. In the molecular analysis, species traditionally included within Molossops and Cynomops each comprised two well-supported monophyletic lineages. The data also support the recognition of Cynomops and Molossops as divergent lineages worthy of generic status. Species limits and phylogenetic relationships within Cynomops, however, remain unresolved (Peters et al. 2002)." 9273,Glossophaga commissarisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glossophaga,commissarisi,,,,,"Gardner, 1962", 13641,Molossops neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossops,neglectus,,,,,"Williams & Genoways, 1980",Subgenus Molossops. 13640,Molossops mattogrossensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossops,mattogrossensis,,,,,"Vieira, 1942","Subgenus Neoplatymops. Listed as a subspecies of Molossops temminckii by Cabrera (1958), but Peterson (1965), who considered Neoplatymops a distinct genus." 13639,Cynomops greenhalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cynomops,greenhalli,,,,,"(Goodwin, 1958)","Some put Cynomops in the genus Molossops, however, it is now recognized as Cynomops (Peters et al. 2002). Cynomps mexicanus was removed from greenhalli." 13638,Molossops aequatorianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossops,aequatorianus,,,,,"Cabrera, 1917", 13637,Cynomops abrasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cynomops,abrasus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)","Cynomops generally is regarded as either a monophyletic genus or, in some cases, a subgenus of Molossops. In the molecular analysis, species traditionally included within Molossops and Cynomops each comprised two well-supported monophyletic lineages. The data also support the recognition of Cynomops and Molossops as divergent lineages worthy of generic status. Species limits and phylogenetic relationships within Cynomops, however, remain unresolved (Peters et al. 2002)." 21465,Taphozous theobaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,theobaldi,,,,,"Dobson, 1872", 21462,Taphozous nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,nudiventris,,,,,"Cretzschmar, 1830","Simmons (2005) assigns four subspecies to Taphozous nudiventris: T. n. kachhensis Dobson, 1872; T. n. magnus Wettstein 1913; T. n. nudaster Thomas, 1915; and T. n. zayidi Harrison, 1955. The enigmatic taxon T. n. serratus Heuglin, 1877 has been variously referred to either Taphozous nudiventris (e.g., Allen 1939, Koopman 1993) or Scotophilus leucogaster (e.g., Allen 1939, Koopman 1975), although it might not represent either of these species. See Felten (1962), Hayman and Hill (1971), Bates and Harrison (1991, 1997) and Bates et al. (1994) for further information on this taxon." 21461,Taphozous melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,melanopogon,,,,,"Temminck, 1841","Belongs to the subgenus Taphozous E. Geoffroy, 1818. Philippine populations were formerly separated as Taphozous philippinensis, but are now considered a subspecies of this widespread species (Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1993, Rickart et al. 1993, Heaney et al. 1998). There is a need for studies of geographic variation across the species' range (L. Heaney and K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 21460,Taphozous mauritianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,mauritianus,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1818", 21459,Taphozous longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,longimanus,,,,,"Hardwicke, 1825", 21453,Taphozous achates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,achates,,,,,"Thomas, 1915","Formerly included in T. melanopogon, but recognized as a separate species by Kitchener et al. (1993), Kitchener and Suyanto (1995), Flannery (1995) and Simmons (2005)." 21455,Taphozous hamiltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,hamiltoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 21456,Taphozous hildegardeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,hildegardeae,,,,,"Thomas, 1909", 21452,Taphozous australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,australis,,,,,"Gould, 1854", 13720,Monophyllus redmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Monophyllus,redmani,,,,,"Leach, 1821", 13719,Monophyllus plethodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Monophyllus,plethodon,,,,,"Miller, 1900","Includes luciae and frater; see Schwartz and Jones (1967), Hall (1981), and Timm and Genoways (2003)." 15647,Otomops johnstonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,johnstonei,,,,,"Kitchener, How & Maryanto, 1992", 15645,Otomops formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,formosus,,,,,"Chasen, 1939", 15646,Otomops wroughtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,wroughtoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)", 6104,Cynopterus horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Cynopterus,horsfieldii,,,,,"Gray, 1843", 6103,Cynopterus brachyotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Cynopterus,brachyotis,,,,,"(Müller, 1838)","The taxonomic situation throughout the range is confused and future taxonomic revision may reveal that there are a number of cryptic species allocated to Cynopterus brachyotis. Earlier included angulatus Miller, 1898 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). The taxon brachysoma Dobson, 1871 is sometimes included under Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl 1797) (Bates and Harrison 1997). Reviewed by Hill and Thonglongya (1972), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1991) and Mapatuna et al. (2002). Simmons (2005) lists brachysoma Dobson, 1871 and ceylonensis Gray, 1871 under this taxon (Srinivasulu et al. in press). Often considered to include Cynopterus luzoniensis, but here considered separate." 6106,Cynopterus sphinx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Cynopterus,sphinx,,,,,"(Vahl, 1797)","There is considerable confusion between this species and Cynopterus brachyotis. Recent molecular studies confirm that C. sphinx is genetically distinct from C. brachyotis (Bumrungsri 2005). Some authorities list scherzeri Zelebor, 1869 under C. brachyotis (Müller, 1838) (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Corbet and Hill 1992), while some treat it as synonym of Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797) (Hill and Thonglongya 1972; Hill 1983; Koopman 1993; Bates and Harrison 1997). Simmons (2005) suggests that although scherzeri is listed as a valid subspecies of C. sphinx, it might prove to be distinct species." 6105,Cynopterus nusatenggara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Cynopterus,nusatenggara,,,,,"Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991", 6107,Cynopterus titthaecheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Cynopterus,titthaecheilus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 7919,Vespadelus caurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,caurinus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1914)","Tis species has been placed in synonymy under Eptesicus pumilus and also under Pipistrellus pumilus, but there are arguments to recognise it as a distinct species under Pipistrellus." 7916,Eptesicus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1819)", 85197425,Eptesicus bottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,bottae,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","In previous Red List assessments, Eptesicus anatolicus and E. ognevi were included in E. bottae (Juste et al. 2013, Artyushin et al. 2018). Those are now considered separately and have their own assessments." 7914,Eptesicus bobrinskoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,bobrinskoi,,,,,"Kuzyakin, 1935",A recent study based on morphological and molecular evidence indicates that the E. gobiensis includes only two subspecies – E. g. gobiensis and E. g. bobrinskoi Bobrinski’s serotine is doubtful and this taxon should be treated as a subspecies of E. gobiensis (Artyushin et al. 2012). 21311,Tadarida teniotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,teniotis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1814)","Populations in Japan, Taiwan and Korea are now treated as a separate species, T. insignis (Simmons 2005)." 7912,Eptesicus andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,andinus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1914","This is of the subgenus Eptesicus. It is included in brasiliensis but see Simmons and Voss (1998). Anderson (1997) reported specimens of both andinus and montosus from Bolivia, but these records must be considered provisional until the specimens are re-examined in light of Simmons and Voss' (1998) revised diagnoses of andinus and chiriquinus." 21312,Tadarida aegyptiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,aegyptiaca,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1818)","Two subspecies of Tadarida aegyptiaca have been recorded (Hayman & Hill 1971). These include T. a. aegyptiaca, which extends from North Africa (Algeria and Egypt) southwards through East Africa and into the Western Cape of South Africa, as well as the smaller and darker T. a. bocagei (Seabra 1900) from central and western Africa (Hayman & Hill 1971; Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 7910,Eptesicus nilssonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,nilssonii,,,,,"(Keyserling & Blasius, 1839)","Some authors consider Eptesicus japonensis to be a synonym of E. nilssonii, but here we consider it to be a separate species (see Simmons 2005 and references therein)." 7908,Epomops dobsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomops,dobsonii,,,,,"(Bocage, 1899)", 7907,Epomops buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomops,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Matschie, 1899)","Closely related to Epomops franqueti from which it can be distinguished by palatal ridges and size (Bergmans 1975, 1989). The two species co-exist in the eastern parts of West Africa from central Nigeria west through to eastern Côte d'Ivoire." 7906,Epomophorus wahlbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,wahlbergi,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1846)",No subspecies are recognised (Monadjem et al. 2010). Adult Epomophorus wahlbergi can be distinguished from the sympatric E. crypturus by the presence of just one post-dental palatal ridge (two in E. crypturus; Photo 1) and broader muzzle (Taylor & Monadjem 2008). 7905,Epomophorus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,minimus,,,,,"Claessen & Vree, 1991","Formerly included within Epomophorus minor Dobson 1880 whose type is a specimen of E. labiatus (see Bergmans 1988, Claessen and Vree 1991, Simmons 2005)." 7935,Rhyneptesicus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhyneptesicus,nasutus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1877)","Juste et al. (2013) reassigned this taxon to the genus Rhyneptesicus Bianchi, 1917 based molecular phylogenetics. Four subspecies – R. n. nasutus (Southwest Pakistan, Afghanistan and Southeast Iran), R. n. matschiei (Southwest Arabia), R. n. pellucens (Iran and Iraq), and R. n. batinensis (Eastern Arabia including Oman and Saudi Arabia), are recognised (Benda and Gaisler 2015, Juste et al. 2013)." 7936,Eptesicus pachyotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,pachyotis,,,,,"(Dobson, 1871)", 7933,Eptesicus kobayashii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,kobayashii,,,,,"Mori, 1928","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. It is possibly a synonym of bottae (Koopman 1993, 1994) or serotinus (Horácek et al. 2000). This species has not been identified since its original description, and no specimen has been available to assess its taxonomic status (Tony Hutson pers. comm. 2008)." 16981,Philetor brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Philetor,brachypterus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","The taxonomy of this species is in need of review (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006, G. Csorba pers. comm. 2019)." 7931,Eptesicus hottentotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,hottentotus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1833)","According to Monadjem et al. (2010), three species have previously been recognised in southern Africa: Eptesicus hottentotus hottentotus from the Eastern and Western Cape (Meester et al. 1986), E. h. pallidor from the Northern Cape and Namibia (Meester et al. 1986), and E. h. bensoni from Zimbabwe, Mozambique and eastern South Africa (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). However, E. h. pallidor is considered a synonym of E. h. hottentotus by Schlitter and Aggundey (1986). Conversely, based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses, Juste et al. (2013) retain only R. h. hottentotus and R. h. pallidior (but they only included material from South Africa). Further molecular studies are required. Morphological and molecular research supports the notion that E. hottentotus is the only member of the genus in southern Africa (Kearney et al. 2002)." 7929,Eptesicus guadeloupensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,guadeloupensis,,,,,"Genoways & Baker, 1975",Probably closely related to fuscus. 7927,Eptesicus furinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,furinalis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Gervais, 1847)","Apparently includes Eptesicus dorianus, but questions still remain about the identity of the holotype (Simmons 2005)." 7928,Eptesicus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,fuscus,,,,,"(Beauvois, 1796)",Subgenus Eptesicus. Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). 7926,Eptesicus floweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,floweri,,,,,"(de Winton, 1901)", 7924,Vespadelus finlaysoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,finlaysoni,,,,,"(Kitchener, Jones & Caputi, 1987)","No taxonomic issues are apparent but the morphometric distinctness of a geographic group in the Carnarvon Basin / Cape Range area, relative to remaining geographically defined groups (Kitchener et al. 1987) has not been examined in detail." 7921,Eptesicus dimissus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,dimissus,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",The correct spelling of this name is dimissus and not demissus (Myers et al. 2000). 85294528,Otonycteris hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Otonycteris,hemprichii,,,,,"Peters, 1859", 11353,Lasiurus seminolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,seminolus,,,,,"(Rhoads, 1895)",Lasiurus seminolus is in the subgenus Lasiurus; the species occurs within the borealis species group. 11350,Lasiurus ega,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,ega,,,,,"(Gervais, 1856)", 7942,Eptesicus tatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,tatei,,,,,"Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951","This taxon belongs to the nilssonii species group. This taxon was considered incertae cedis by Tate (1942) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) proposed it as nomen novum. This species is known only from three specimens from the type locality (Blyth 1863, Agrawal et al. 1992) of which only two are present in the Zoological Survey of India (Das 2003) (Srinivasulu, C. pers. comm.)." 11349,Lasiurus ebenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,ebenus,,,,,"Fazzolari-Corrêa, 1994", 7944,Vespadelus troughtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,troughtoni,,,,,"(Kitchener, Jones & Caputi, 1987)", 11351,Lasiurus egregius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,egregius,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 88151055,Lasiurus blossevillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,blossevillii,,,,,"(Lesson & Garnot, 1826)","Recent studies consider Lasiurus salinae and L. varius as separate from L. blossevillii, but treat L. brachyotis as a subspecies of the latter (Gardner and Handley 2008)." 7938,Vespadelus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,pumilus,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 11345,Lasiurus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,cinereus,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)", 7937,Eptesicus platyops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,platyops,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)","Ibanez and Valverde (1985) do not consider it a valid species, but a subspecies of serotinus" 11348,Lasiurus castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,castaneus,,,,,"Handley, 1960", 11347,Lasiurus borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,borealis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group (Simmons 2005)." 21318,Tadarida ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,ventralis,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1861)","South Africa
The Giant Free-tailed bat (Tadarida ventralis), originally described from Kérén, Eritrea, wasreported in South Africa in 1876 as Nyctinomus africanus (Dobson, 1876), a name that is now seen as a junior synonym for T. ventralis (Heuglin, 1861). The locality of the type specimen for africanus in the Natural History Museum, London (BM 75.11.19.1), was listed impreciselyas “Transvaal”, hence the alternative common name of Transvaal Free-tailed Bat (Hayman & Hill 1971)." 21317,Tadarida lobata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,lobata,,,,,"(Thomas, 1891)", 21314,Tadarida brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,brasiliensis,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1824)",This species is in the aegyptiaca species group.The Caribbean subspecies was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003). 21313,Austronomus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Austronomus,australis,,,,,"Gray, 1838","Previously listed under genus Tadarida. However, the genus Tadarida does not occur in Australia and the genus Austronomus (Troughton 1941) was revived (Reardon et al. 2014)." 21316,Tadarida fulminans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Tadarida,fulminans,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)","The African mainland population of the Malagasy Free-tailed Bat is geographically separated from the Madagascar population, and although these populations show overlap in morphological characteristics, they may ultimately be identified as separate species (Goodman & Cardiff 2004; Monadjem et al. 2010). In this case, the mainland population could be reclassified Nyctinomus mastersoni (Roberts 1946) (Monadjem et al. 2010). Currently, no subspecies of T. fulminans are recognised (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). The three large Tadarida species are easily distinguished from other large Molossid species by their unwrinkled upper lips (Monadjem et al. 2010)." 11339,Lasionycteris noctivagans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasionycteris,noctivagans,,,,,"(La Conte, 1831)", 15665,Otopteropus cartilagonodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Otopteropus,cartilagonodus,,,,,"Kock, 1969", 84457881,Epomophorus labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,labiatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1837)",We follow Bergmans (1988) by treating Epomophorus minor as a separate species from E. labiatus. 7903,Epomophorus gambianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,gambianus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1835)","The subspecies posarguesi Trouessart, 1904 was considered to be Rare by Mickleburgh in the Action Plan. It is certainly rare in collections: four specimens from two localities. Nothing further is known." 7902,Epomophorus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,grandis,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1950)", 7901,Epomophorus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,angolensis,,,,,"Gray, 1870", 17369,Pipistrellus wattsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,wattsi,,,,,"Kitchener, Caputi & Jones, 1986",Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated this as a synonym of Pipistrellus tenuis whereas others consider it a good species. 17370,Pipistrellus westralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,westralis,,,,,"Koopman, 1984",Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated Pipistrellus westralis as a synonym of Pipistrellus tenuis. 17365,Pipistrellus sturdeei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,sturdeei,,,,,"Thomas, 1915", 13382,Neonycteris pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Neonycteris,pusilla,,,,,"Sanborn, 1949", 13381,Trinycteris nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Trinycteris,nicefori,,,,,"Sanborn, 1949",This was raised to generic level as a monotypic genus (Simmons and Voss 1998). 17366,Perimyotis subflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Perimyotis,subflavus,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1832",Use of the genus Perimyotis instead of Pipistrellus follows the recommendations of Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003). 17367,Falsistrellus tasmaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Falsistrellus,tasmaniensis,,,,,"(Gould, 1858)", 13384,Glyphonycteris sylvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glyphonycteris,sylvestris,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)",This species previously included Glyphonycteris benhi. 13383,Micronycteris schmidtorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,schmidtorum,,,,,"Sanborn, 1935",Ascorra et al. (1991) reviewed schmidtorum but referred some specimens to this species that were subsequently re-identified as either sanborni (Simmons 1996) or brosseti (Simmons and Voss 1998). 17361,Pipistrellus rueppellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,rueppellii,,,,,"(Fischer, 1829)","Pipistrellus rueppellii is included in the subgenus Vansonia Roberts 1946 (ACR 2015). Taxonomic revision is necessary as some evidence supports the reallocation of rueppellii into a distinct genus (Helbig et al. 2010; Koubínová et al. 2013). Meester et al. (1986) listed two subspecies, including P. r. vernayi Roberts 1932 from northeastern Botswana, and the nominate P. r. rueppellii from eastern Zimbabwe and the northern regions of Kruger National Park (South Africa). However, more recent literature suggested that vernayi may be applicable to all specimens from southern Africa, and should include P. leucomelas Monard 1933 as a synonym (Monadjem et al. 2010). The validity of these species is uncertain until further research is conducted." 13378,Micronycteris hirsuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,hirsuta,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)",Placed in subgenus Xenoctenes. 17362,Pipistrellus rusticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,rusticus,,,,,"(Tomes, 1861)","Although they have the same karyotype and are very similar in bacular and cranial morphology; Pipistrellus rusticus and P. hesperidus can be distinguished by cranial size (Kearney et al. 2002; Kearney 2005). However, additional molecular studies are necessary to establish the taxonomic relationship between these groups (Monadjem et al. 2010). Two subspecies are recognised (Simmons 2005): P. r. marrensis occurring in Senegal to Ethiopia and Kenya; and the slightly larger P. r. rusticus in southern Africa (Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa). The validity of these subspecies is uncertain." 13377,Glyphonycteris daviesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glyphonycteris,daviesi,,,,,"(Hill, 1964)",Formerly included in the monotypic genus Barticonycteris. 13380,Micronycteris minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,minuta,,,,,"(Gervais, 1856)",This species may include homezi (Ochoa and Sanchez 2005). 13379,Micronycteris megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,megalotis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)",Micronycteris microtus has been split from M. megalotis but recent unpublished molecular data indicate it should be synonymous with M. megalotis. 17364,Pipistrellus stenopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,stenopterus,,,,,"(Dobson, 1875)", 17358,Pipistrellus permixtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,permixtus,,,,,"Aellen, 1957",Possibily not a valid species. 21184,Syconycteris carolinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Syconycteris,carolinae,,,,,"Rozendaal, 1984", 17360,Hypsugo pulveratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,pulveratus,,,,,"Peters, 1871",The genus Hypsugo is here retained in Pipistrellus following the continental-level classification adopted by Happold and Happold (2013). 17359,Falsistrellus petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Falsistrellus,petersi,,,,,"(Meyer, 1899)",The taxonomic status of this species requires review. 11697,Leptonycteris nivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Leptonycteris,nivalis,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)",Prior to 1962 specimens of Leptonycteris yerbabuenae were reported as L. nivalis. See Van Den Bussche (1992) for an analysis of phylogenetic relationships of phyllostomid bats based on restriction-site variation in the ribosomal-DNA gene complex. 13401,Micropteropus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Micropteropus,intermedius,,,,,"Hayman, 1963", 17353,Pipistrellus nanulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,nanulus,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 17356,Pipistrellus paterculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,paterculus,,,,,"Thomas, 1915","This taxon was traditionally assigned to the “coromandra” subgroup of “pipistrellus” species group (e.g.: Corbet and Hill 1992). According to available molecular genetic data (Roehrs et al. 2010, Benda et al. 2016 orig.), P. tenuis is a part of genetic cluster of Oriental pipistrelles. This cluster is quite distinct from all the West Palearctic pipistrelles and may be referred to as “javanicus” species group. Earlier treated as subspecies of Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1840) (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Hill 1962, Soota and Chaturvedi 1980), it has been accorded specific status by Hill and Harrison (1987)." 11699,Leptonycteris curasoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Leptonycteris,curasoae,,,,,"Miller, 1900",This does not include yerbabuenae (= sanborni). 17355,Pipistrellus papuanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,papuanus,,,,,"Peters & Doria, 1881",Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated this as a synonym of P. tenuis papuanus whereas others consider it a valid species. 17350,Pipistrellus minahassae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,minahassae,,,,,"(Meyer, 1899)", 17349,Hypsugo macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,macrotis,,,,,"Temminck, 1840","

The species may be conspecific with vordermanni (Corbet and Hill 1992).

" 17351,Falsistrellus mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Falsistrellus,mordax,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)","

The Chinese record is likely based on a specimen in the American Museum of Natural History (44565), which is actually F. affinis. Otherwise, the species is known only from Java, Indonesia. However, its taxonomic affinity to affinis and petersi needs a review.

" 17346,Hypsugo kitcheneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,kitcheneri,,,,,"Thomas, 1915",Francis and Hill (1986) argue that this species may be conspecific with lophurus. 44195,Hypsugo vordermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,vordermanni,,,,,"Jentink, 1890","

The species may be conspecific with macrotis (Corbet and Hill 1992).

" 17345,Hypsugo joffrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,joffrei,,,,,"Thomas, 1915","The species may be conspecific with anthonyi (Csorba pers. comm.) in which case the name joffrei has the priority." 7786,Eonycteris major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Eonycteris,major,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1910", 7787,Eonycteris spelaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Eonycteris,spelaea,,,,,"(Dobson, 1871)", 17347,Hypsugo lophurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,lophurus,,,,,"Thomas, 1915",This species may be conspecific with kitcheneri (Francis and Hill 1986). Corbet and Hill (1992) argued that lophurus would be considered the older name. 17343,Pipistrellus inexspectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,inexspectatus,,,,,"Aellen, 1959",Taxonomy needs to be checked. 17344,Pipistrellus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,javanicus,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)","This taxon was traditionally placed to the “javanicus” subgroup of the “pipistrellus” species group (e.g.: Corbet and Hill, 1992). According to available molecular genetic data (Roehrs et al. 2010, Benda et al. 2016 orig.), P. javanicus is a part of genetic cluster of Oriental pipistrelles. This cluster is highly divergent from all the West Palearctic pipistrelles and may be referred to as “javanicus” species group. Such taxa as babu Thomas, 1915 and camortae Miller, 1902 were recognized as distinct species (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Soota and Chaturvedi 1980, Das 1990) or as valid subspecies of P. javanicus (Corbet and Hill 1992), DNA barcoding data definitely supports full species status for P. babu (Francis et al. 2010). The taxon peguensis Sinha 1969, is sometimes considered to be a distinct species. The occurrence of peguensis in India is based on six specimens from Darjeeling collected in 1872 (Sinha 1990, Das 2003, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). Previous reports of P. imbricatus from the Philippines all appear to be based on specimens of P. javanicus (Heaney et al. 1998). Preliminary evidence indicates that two or more cryptic species are present in the Philippines that have been identified as P. javanicus (J. Sedlock and L. Heaney unpubl. data). According to DNA barcoding data, more than one lineage of species level is identified as P. javanicus in Indochina (Kruskop S.V. unpubl. data)" 1790,Antrozous pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Antrozous,pallidus,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1856)",Includes bunkeri. 17341,Parastrellus hesperus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Parastrellus,hesperus,,,,,"(H. Allen, 1864)", 1789,Bauerus dubiaquercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Bauerus,dubiaquercus,,,,,"(Van Gelder, 1959)",Includes Baeodon meyeri. 17342,Pipistrellus imbricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,imbricatus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1824)","Francis and Hill (1986) reported that the Borneo specimen differs slightly from Java and Kangean Island specimens, suggesting that the taxa could be distinct. The genus Hypsugo is here retained in Pipistrellus following the continental-level classification adopted by Happold and Happold (in press)." 17340,Pipistrellus endoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,endoi,,,,,"Imaizumi, 1959", 17338,Scotozous dormeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotozous,dormeri,,,,,"Dobson, 1875","Earlier treated under genus Pipistrellus Kaup, 1829 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951; Corbet 1978; Koopman 1993, 1994; Bates and Harrison 1997) and Scotoecus Thomas, 1901, now treated as a distinct genus (Tate 1942, Hill and Harrison 1987, Menu 1987, Corbet and Hill 1992, Roberts 1997, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 17335,Pipistrellus coromandra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,coromandra,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)","This taxon was traditionally placed to the “coromandra” subgroup of the “pipistrellus” species group (e.g.: Corbet and Hill, 1992, Koopman, 1994). According to available molecular genetic data (Roehrs et al., 2010, Benda et al., 2016, orig.), P. coromandra is a part of genetic cluster of Oriental pipistrelles. This cluster is highly divergent from all the West Palearctic pipistrelles and may be referred to as “javanicus” or “coromandra” species group (both species were described by Gray on the same page of the same publication). Some earlier authors (e.g. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951) included aladdin Thomas, 1905 to this species, though now it is treated as a partial synonym of P. pipistrellus. Gaisler (1970) proposed the nomen afghanus to represent forms from Pakistan and Afghanistan (Corbet and Hill 1992, Bates and Harrison 1997), however which is not accepted here vide Benda and Gaisler (2015). As with most Pipistrellus, the problem of identification coupled with taxonomic uncertainties means that the abundance and the distribution of the species cannot be easily defined. Previous records referable to this and other Pipistrellus species have often been confused (G. Csorba, pers. comm.). Nonetheless, according to DNA barcoding data, all available P. coromandra from different parts of Indochina and southern China form at least monophyletic cluster (S. Kruskop, pers. comm.)." 17334,Pipistrellus collinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,collinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated this as a synonym of P. tenuis whereas Simmons (2005) considers it a valid species. 17331,Hypsugo cadornae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,cadornae,,,,,"Thomas, 1916","For many decades, this bat was included in the genus Pipistrellus (e.g. Hill and Harrison 1987, Corbet and Hill 1992, Koopman 1994) until Hypsugo was raised to a full genus level (Horáček and Hanak 1985–86, Volleth and Heler 1994). This bat was treated as a subspecies of H. savii by Ellermann and Morrison-Scott (1951). Though this point of view is not currently accepted, there were no special studies reviewing phylogenetic relationships between H. cadornae and other Hypsugo. According to the data from DNA Barcodes, H. cadornae forms monophyletic cluster, distinct from other analysed species (S.Kruskop, pers. comm.)." 17332,Pipistrellus ceylonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,ceylonicus,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1852)","This taxon belongs to the ceylonicus subgroup of pipistrellus species group. Two subspecies namely indicus Dobson (1878) and ceylonicus Kelaart (1852) are recognised to represent form from mainland India and Sri Lanka respectively vide Lal (1984) (Bates and Harrison 1997, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012)." 13375,Glyphonycteris behnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glyphonycteris,behnii,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)",Was previously confused with G. silvestris. The genus was recently separated from Micronycteris. 17328,Hypsugo arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,arabicus,,,,,"Harrison, 1979","Described earlier as Pipistrellus arabicus by Harrison in 1979 it is now included under the genus Hypsugo Kolenati, 1856 (vide Harrison and Bates 1991, Benda et al. 2002, Simmons 2005)." 17327,Hypsugo anthonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,anthonyi,,,,,"Tate, 1942","The species may be conspecific with joffrei (Csorba pers. comm)." 13376,Lampronycteris brachyotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lampronycteris,brachyotis,,,,,"(Dobson, 1879)",Includes platyceps. 17326,Pipistrellus angulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,angulatus,,,,,"Peters, 1880",Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treat this as a synonym of Pipistrellus tenuis whereas others consider it a good species (Simmons 2005). 17324,Hypsugo affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,affinis,,,,,"Dobson, 1871","Earlier forms from India and Sri Lanka were included under Pipistrellus mordax Peters, 1866 (Wroughton 1916, 1918, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Phillips 1980), but, are presently considered distinct by Hill and Harrison (1987), Simmons (2005), Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2012). This taxon is presently included under the genus Hypsugo Kolenati, 1856 based on statistical and genetic analysis (Görföl and Csorba 2018), and the genus Falsistrellus Troughton, 1943 sensu stricto is now restricted to Australia." 17323,Pipistrellus aero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,aero,,,,,"Heller, 1912", 17321,Pipistrellus adamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,adamsi,,,,,"Kitchener, Caputi & Jones, 1986",Koopman in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated this as a synonym of Pipistrellus tenuis whereas others consider it a good species (Simmons 2005). 17320,Pipistrellus abramus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,abramus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1838)","Koopman (1993) treats this as a synonym under P. javanicus, but this is not followed by others." 17316,Pipistrellus nathusii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,nathusii,,,,,"(Keyserling & Blasius, 1839)", 17314,Pipistrellus kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,kuhlii,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1817)","Simmons (2005) considers sub-Saharan African and Canary Island populations to belong to a different species, P. hesperidus, but the taxonomic validity of that taxon, as well its relation with the African P. deserti needs further research. The species in Yemen requires taxonomic clarification (D. Kock pers. comm. 2005).

Pipistrellus deserti is considered a junior synonym of P. kuhlii following Benda et al. (2014)." 17173,Phyllonycteris aphylla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phyllonycteris,aphylla,,,,,"(Miller, 1898)", 17176,Phyllops falcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phyllops,falcatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)",Phyllops falcatus includes haitiensis; see Timm and Genoways (2003). 17175,Phyllonycteris poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phyllonycteris,poeyi,,,,,"Gundlach, 1860","Phyllonycteris poeyi includes obtusa; see Hall (1981), but note that he was unaware that obtusa was not extinct." 3905,Carollia perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,perspicillata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This includes tricolor (Simmons 2005). 3906,Carollia subrufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,subrufa,,,,,"(Hahn, 1905)",This is not a subspecies of castanea. 17168,Phylloderma stenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phylloderma,stenops,,,,,"Peters, 1865",Includes septentrionalis. 40776,Arielulus societatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Arielulus,societatis,,,,,"(Hill, 1972)","Heller and Volleth (1984) treated this as a junior synonym of P. circumdatus but Hill and Francis (1984) and subsequent authors recognize it as a distinct species. Originally described in the genus Pipistrellus, it was placed in the subgenus Arielulus by Hill and Harrison (1987), a name which Csorba and Lee (1999) subsequently elevated to generic rank." 40775,Arielulus cuprosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Arielulus,cuprosus,,,,,"(Hill & Francis, 1984)","This species is often referred to in the genus Pipistrellus, under subgenus Arielulus." 3903,Carollia brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,brevicauda,,,,,"(Schinz, 1821)","This species may be confused with C. perspicillata, especially in southeastern Brazil. The Central American populations have recently been split into Carollia sowelli (Baker et al. 2002)." 7674,Emballonura monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,monticola,,,,,"Temminck, 1838",This species may be confused with Emballonura alecto which occurs in sympatry with E. monticola on the island of Borneo (Corbet and Hill 1992). 7669,Emballonura semicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,semicaudata,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)","Emballonura semicaudata is a widely distributed species in the Pacific and currently has four recognized subspecies: E. s. palauensis, E. s. rotensis, E. s. semicaudata, and E. s. sulcate (Koopman 1997). The four subspecies are recognized as a continuum of subspecies with transitional features with E. s. rotensis and E. s. palauensis representing intermediates (Koopman 1997, Helgen and Flannery 2002), recent mitochondrial DNA analyses suggests E. s. semicaudata, E. s palauensis, and E. s. rotensis may represent sister species (Oyler-McCance et al. 2013), E. s. sulcate was not evaluated in the study. A comprehensive DNA study of all four subspecies is warranted, especially in light of the serious declines of the E. s. rotensis and E. s. semicaudata subspecies." 7671,Paremballonura atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Paremballonura,atrata,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)","Following a recent taxonomic revision based on genetic and morphological comparisons, this species is now confined to the east of Madagascar, with the smaller E. tiavato occurring in the west (Goodman et al. 2006)." 17217,Phyllostomus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phyllostomus,elongatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1810)", 17218,Phyllostomus hastatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phyllostomus,hastatus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1767)", 17219,Phyllostomus latifolius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phyllostomus,latifolius,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)",Difficult to distinguish in the field from P. elongatus. 3859,Cardioderma cor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MEGADERMATIDAE,Cardioderma,cor,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)", 17216,Phyllostomus discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Phyllostomus,discolor,,,,,"Wagner, 1843", 9690,Haplonycteris fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Haplonycteris,fischeri,,,,,"Lawrence, 1939","Allozyme variation was studied by Peterson and Heaney (1993) and Heaney et al. (2005). Substantial geographic mtDNA variation is evident in this species (Trina Roberts 2005 PhD thesis). In this account we include Sibuyan population within this species, although it was listed separately by Heaney et al. (1998)." 21133190,Allocyttus guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,OREOSOMATIDAE,Allocyttus,guineensis,,,,,"Trunov & Kukuev, 1982", 3796,Capra nubiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,nubiana,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1825","This taxon is sometimes treated as a subspecies of Capra ibex, but is here regarded as a distinct species following Grubb (2005)." 3794,Capra caucasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,caucasica,,,,,"Güldenstädt & Pallas, 1783","It is still unclear whether or not Capra caucasica and Capra cylindricornis are two separate species (as followed here), or are a single species with geographically dependent variability, or two semi-species with a morphologically intermediate, possibly hybrid population between them (Weinberg, Akkiev and Buchukuri 2010)." 3786,Capra aegagrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,aegagrus,,,,,"Erxleben, 1777","The Domestic Goat and the Wild Goat are treated here as separate species (following inter alia Shackleton 1997), named Capra hircus and Capra aegagrus respectively. These taxa are sometimes considered to be conspecific, in which case the name Capra aegagrus has generally been used to refer to the wild species and its domesticated form, although some authors use the name Capra hircus for both the wild species and its domestic descendants (see Gentry et al. 1996, BZN 2003, Gentry et al. 2004 and Wilson and Reeder 2005).

""Wild goats"" and ""wild sheep"" found on Mediterranean islands are generally recognized to have been introduced by humans (Shackleton 1997, Wilson and Reeder 2005), and genetic and archaeozoological studies suggest that they are feral populations of ancient domestic stocks (e.g. Groves 1989, Vigne 1994, Hiendleder et al. 1998, Manceau et al. 1999, Kahila bar-Gal et al. 2002). Consequently, such taxa should be included in the respective domestic species (Capra hircus, Ovis aries) and not as subspecies of the wild taxa (as proposed by Gentry et al. 1996, Gentry et al. 2004, and Gippoliti and Amori 2004)." 15733,Ovis ammon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ovis,ammon,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

There is near unanimity of opinion that Ovis ammon is the appropriate Latin binomial for all argalis. Prior to 1998, some authorities considered the Severtzov sheep of Uzbekistan to be urial, but following Bunch et al. (1998), it has generally been included as an argali. One exception is Mitchell and Frisina (2007), who follow some earlier taxonomists in recognizing a separate species O. polii, under which they put a few additional subspecies (see below on subspecific taxonomy). Similarly, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (Valdez and Weinberg 2011) splits argali into nine separate species.

Argali live over a vast geographic range, but are separated into more-or-less disjunct populations, some of which are morphologically identifiable. How much (if any) of the taxon’s disjunct distribution is natural and how much the result of anthropogenic influence causing range area fragmentation remains open to debate. Similarly, how (and even whether) various populations should be classified as subspecies remains contentious. Wilson and Reeder (2005) and Fedosenko and Blank (2005) recognize nine subspecies: O. a. ammon, O. a. collium, O. a. comosa (= jubata), O. a. darwini, O. a. hodgsoni, O. a. karelini, O. a. nigrimontana, O. a. polii, and O. a. severtzovi. Geist (1991) recognized all of these except collium and severtzovi (which at the time was still considered an urial); he also considered that jubata had precedence over comosa. Shackleton and Lovari (1997) followed Geist’s (1991) classification except for adding collium as a valid subspecies. Within China, some authors have recognized additional subspecies. Wang (2002) recognized O. a. littledalei, adametzi, and sairensis (all within the range occupied by karelini or collium by the above authorities), and dalailamae (within the range occupied by hodgsoni, above) in addition to ammon and darwini (but did not recognize O. a. jubata). Yu (2001) recognized dalailamae as distinct from hodgsoni, but did not recognize the subdivisions within karelini or collium (and also did not recognize jubata). Mitchell and Frisina (2007) recognized ammon, darwini, jubata, dalailamae, and hodgsoni (as well as karelini, nigrimontana, and severtzovi under O. polii). Recent genetic studies (Tserenbataa 2003 and Tserenbataa et al. 2004), based on mtDNA analysis, questioned the validity of separating Altai argali O. a. ammon and Gobi Argali or Mongolian Argali O. a. darwini within Mongolian populations and suggest that all Argali in Mongolia may represent one single subspecies. There is uncertainty regarding the subspecific status of argali in Gansu and adjacent Inner Mongolia; there are also differing opinions regarding the morphometric and/or geographic separation between polii and karelini. Future genetic work, similarly to Tserenbataa et al. (2004) and Wu et al. (2003), may suggest or reject the hypothesis that clinal, rather than threshold variation characterizes many argali populations. More research is required to clarify the taxonomy of the species.

The International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of Argali under the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS 2014) follows the IUCN SSC Caprinae Specialist Group and recognizes the following nine subspecies:

Ovis ammon ammon, Altai Argali
Ovis ammon collium, Kazakhstan Argali
Ovis ammon darwini, Gobi Argali
Ovis ammon hodgsoni, Tibetan Argali
Ovis ammon jubata, North China Argali, Shansi Argali
Ovis ammon karelini, Tian Shan Argali
Ovis ammon nigrimontana, Karatau Argali
Ovis ammon polii, Marco Polo Sheep, Pamir Argali
Ovis ammon severtzovi, Severtzov’s Argali

Because subspecific taxonomy remains unresolved, most subspecies that are recognized cross international borders, and the species occurs in many countries with differing management regimes, this account treats Ovis ammon by country (and, where appropriate, by population) rather than by subspecies" 15735,Ovis canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ovis,canadensis,,,,,"Shaw, 1804",The validity of the subspecies Ovis canadensis californiana has recently been questioned (Wehausen and Ramey 2000). 54940218,Ovis gmelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ovis,gmelini,,,,,"Blyth, 1841","

The 1997 IUCN Caprinae action plan and the previous IUCN Red List of Threatened Species assessment (Valdez 2008) list one species, Ovis orientalis, for both Mouflon and Urial. The delegates of the Workshop on Caprinae Taxonomy (IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group 2000) disagreed with such classification, partly because of differences in the number of chromosomes (i.e., Mouflon 54 and Urial 58), and concluded that Mouflon and Urial are different species. A molecular study (Rezaei et al. 2010) showed that the individuals identified as Mouflon and Urial form two strongly monophyletic groups. Individuals sampled from hybrid populations appear either in the clade of Urial or in that of mouflon. Considering these two taxa as distinct species would be coherent with the morphological and genetic differences between them, as well as, their past evolutionary divergence, and the occurrence of a hybrid zone (Rezaei et al. 2010).

The name O. orientalis has first been used to designate the hybrid Red Sheep, found in Iran (listed as O. o. orientalis on page 13 of the IUCN Caprinae Action Plan). This sheep is considered a hybrid form, the result of interbreeding of Mouflon and Urial. Therefore, the name O. orientalis is nomen nudum. Following on chronology, the next valid name for the Asiatic Mouflon should be O. gmelini Blyth, 1841; and for the Urial it is O. vignei Blyth, 1841. Both CITES and the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) use O. gmelini for Mouflon and O. vignei for the Urial.

There are three to five autochthonous wild subspecies of Mouflon (IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group 2000): Armenian Mouflon O. g. gmelini, and two subspecies restricted to Iran: O. g. isphahanica, the Esfahan Mouflon and O. g. laristanica, the Laristan Mouflon. Sometimes the Anatolian Mouflon O. g. anatolica and the Armenian mouflon O. g. armeniana are considered as subspecies separate from O. g. gmelini. However, we follow the former classification of Mouflon subspecies in this assessment (IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group 2000).

The Cyprus Mouflon, introduced in prehistoric times, might be a separate subspecies O. g. ophion. “Wild sheep” found on Mediterranean islands are generally recognized to have been introduced by humans (Shackleton 1997, Masseti 1998, Wilson and Reeder 2005), and genetic and archaeo-zoological studies suggest that they are feral populations of ancient domestic stocks (e.g., Vigne 1994, Hiendleder et al. 2002). Consequently, such taxa should be included in the respective domestic species (O. aries) (Gentry et al. 1996, Gentry et al. 2004, Gippoliti and Amori 2004) and not as subspecies of the wild taxon O. gmelini. However, Cyprus Mouflon, in contrast to Corsican and Sardinian mouflons, may originate from introduced wild stock, Iran representing the most credited region as the source for its ancient introduction to Cyprus, and thus not be a feral sheep (Guerrini et al. 2015). Also, Sanna et al. (2015) noted high genetic distance observed between the Cyprus mouflon and other (domestic) sheep haplogroups, including European, Corsican and Sardinian mouflons, but found the Cyprus Mouflon grouping exclusively with Anatolian Mouflon O. g. gmelini [anatolica]. Hiendleder et al. (2002) suggested that likely candidates for truly wild ancestors of domestic sheep are mouflon populations found in Turkey and western Iran; thus genetic differentiation of feral descendants of early domesticated from descendants of true wild sheep is difficult. Therefore, we include O. g. ophion in this assessment, because of being possibly a wild, but not a feral sheep.

" 42398,Capra sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,sibirica,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","Kazanskaya et al. (2007) appear to resolve the species level taxonomy of the Capra genus, with C. sibirica forming a clade distinct from other ibex.

Fedosenko and Blank (2001) recognize four subspecies (C. s. hagenbecki in Mongolia’s Gobi, C. s. sibirica, in the Altai Mountains, C. s. alaiana, in the Tian Shan range, and C. s. sakeen, in the Pamirs, Hindu Kush, and Karakorum) based on horn and color characteristics. Wang (1998) and Smith and Xie (2008) recognize another subspecies, C. s. dementievi, in the Kunlun Mountains near their junction with the Karakarum and Pamir Mountains. Many authorities believe these subspecies are synonymous; they are not recognized by Wilson and Reeder (2005), although Kazanskaya et al. (2007) found high within-group variability in the species. Still, taxonomy at the subspecies level remains unresolved (Mallon et al. 1997, Shackleton 1997)." 29684,Ovibos moschatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ovibos,moschatus,,,,,"(E.A.W. Zimmermann, 1780)","The question of subspecies is uncertain and in the absence of updated taxonomic studies with more recent techniques, this assessment reflects the Tener’s (1963) conclusions. Tener (1963) used morphological skull measurements and examination of pelage and body size characteristics to conclude the sub-speciation was incipient and thus there was no basis to recognize the subspecies Ovibos moschatus moschatus and O. m. wardi. A study of mtDNA also did not support the two subspecies (Groves 1997)." 39250,Ovis dalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ovis,dalli,,,,,"Nelson, 1884", 14295,Naemorhedus caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Naemorhedus,caudatus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)","No subspecies are recognized by Grubb (2005), although previous taxonomies recognized several subspecies. The taxonomic validity of this species and its relationship to other species in the genus Naemorhedus has been recently assessed in Mori et al. (2019)." 3811,Capricornis crispus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capricornis,crispus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)","

Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated this as Naemorhedus crispus, but Grubb (2005) placed it in the genus Capricornis and C. swinhoei. See also Jass and Mead (2004). Recent genetic evidence has supported that Capricornis swinhoei is a distinct species from Capricornis crispus (Chang 2002, Min et al. 2004, Mori et al. 2019).

Taxonomy of serows has been reviewed recently by Mori et al. (2019) and four species are recognised: the Red serow Capricornis rubidus, the Mainland serow C. sumatraensis, the Formosan serow C. swinhoei and the Japanese serow.

" 9919,Hemitragus jemlahicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Hemitragus,jemlahicus,,,,,"(C.H. Smith, 1826)",No subspecies are currently recognized. 44703,Muntiacus vuquangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,vuquangensis,,,,,"(Do Tuoc, Vu Van Dung, Dawson, Arctander & Mackinnon, 1994)","The Large-antlered Muntjac was originally described in its own genus, Megamuntiacus, by Tuoc et al. (1994), but was assigned to Muntiacus by McKenna and Bell (1997) and almost all subsequent authors. Millet (1930) recognized the species (Bauer 1997), but mistakenly assigned the name Cervulus [ = Muntiacus] muntjac [sic] grandicornis to it; a taxon now considered synonymous with M. vaginalis curvostylis. Other references probably pertaining to the species may be elsewhere in the hunting literature. It should not be assumed that all references to grandicornis in Lao PDR and Viet Nam refer to Large-antlered Muntjac; many hunters will have used it simply for any well-endowed individual male muntjac." 44704,Muntiacus truongsonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,truongsonensis,,,,,"(Giao, Tuoc, Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander & Mackinnon, 1997)","This nominal taxon had a tortured arrival and history. The first available name is Caninmuntiacus truongsonensis [Pham Mong] Giao, [Do] Tuoc, Eric [Wikramanayake], [Vu Van] Dung et al. in Nguyen An Quang Ha, 1997, in a newspaper article. This meets all International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) criteria for availability (Grubb 2005) and therefore by the ICZN principle of priority must stand as the valid name for this taxon, unless an earlier available name is found. The following year, Muntiacus truongsonensis P.M. Giao, D. Tuoc, V.V. Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander and Mackinnon, 1998 was proposed, explicitly as a new name (not as a clarification of the earlier name). This 1998 proposal is certainly based on the same collected material as the 1997 proposal so is a junior objective synonym of the latter. As the species-group name is spelled exactly the same way as in the 1997 proposal, it is also a junior homonym of it. Neither original description allows objective morphological determination of what the name applies to, although mtDNA sequences shared with no previously-named muntjac were isolated from the material collected (P.M. Giao et al. 1998). The 1997 publication indicated no holotype, and gave no details on where the syntypes were or would be lodged. The 1998 publication of the junior synonym named a holotype; Grubb (2005) considered that “technically it is probably a lectotype”. In fact, as the 1998 publication was explicitly proposing a new name, not a reinterpretation of the 1997 name, the holotype designated is indeed the holotype, but of their junior synonym; it could have no bearing on the 1997 name Caninmuntiacus truongsonensis, the senior (and thus valid) name for this group, unless an explicit nomenclatural act were to associate the specimen with that name, as a lectotype (there appears no doubt that the 1998 holotype is from the syntype series in the 1997 original description). Such an act would be unwise, because the specimen may not now be traceable, and in any case is not known to have been the source of the DNA result and it has no pelage associated with it, nor might it be a complete skull with all relevant diagnostic features present. Therefore, to make this single specimen the name-bearing type would handicap progress in resolving this name’s applicability and if it were found to have different DNA, would firmly install even more confusion. Nomenclatural stability, and thus conservation, would best be served by designating as a neotype a specimen (ideally full skeletal and pelt) lodged in a named internationally accessible collection with long-term storage facilities, which shares the exact genetic sequence provided in the 1998 description of the junior synonym. There is currently no known specimen suitable for this course of events.

Some of the biological material referred to in the articles of Nguyen An Quang Ha (1997) and P.M. Giao et al. (1998) was shown in 1998 to R.J. Timmins (pers. comm. 2008) by Do Tuoc in the collections of the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi. This material, consisting entirely of damaged skulls and mandibles, is poorly, although distinctively, labelled. Part of the explanation for the confusion over application of the name results from it including at least two species: one or more taxa in the M. rooseveltorum species-complex and one specimen of northern red muntjac M. vaginalis. The three specimens illustrated in Nguyen An Quang Ha (1997) and several other newspapers and magazines were not present in this FIPI collection. Several years later, R.J. Timmins (pers. comm. 2008) came across them in the WWF offices in Hanoi, where they appear to have been since 1997. None of either the FIPI or WWF material is labelled as any form of type, or has the markings as described in P.M. Giao et al. (1998). Until a lectotype or neotype of C. truongsonensis P.M. Giao et al. in Nguyen An Quang Ha, 1997 is established in an explicit nomenclatural act, it is not possible to begin to determine the diagnostic morphological characters of M. truongsonensis. Until such an act it is only speculation whether any or all of the pelage characters or the mtDNA sequences given by P.M. Giao et al. (1998) and Amato et al. (1999a, 1999b, 2000), or the skull characteristics of some of the FIPI and WWF material which appear to be significantly different from M. rooseveltorum (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008), in fact are those of M. truongsonensis, although with appropriate typification, they could probably be made to be. This uncertainty is because it is effectively impossible that all syntypes (comprising, as they do, 2–3 species) would share the same mtDNA or pelage features with each other, and they certainly do not share skull features. It is not clear whether the genetic analysis of the 1998 publication included the 1998 holotype (for which, as argued above, it would not be sensible to propose formally as the lectotype of the 1997 name), although it seems a reasonable inference that it involved the 1997 syntypes. Until a lectotype or neotype of the 1997 name is selected, it is not possible to assess the possibility that gene sequences published in P.M. Giao et al. (1998), and Amato et al. (1999a, 1999b, 2000), could actually refer to a taxon different from those skulls within the syntype series with obviously novel morphological characteristics (which were not discussed in either the 1997 or 1998 publications). This possibility is real, although slight, because of the presence of at least two apparently species-level taxa within the syntype series and the fairly likely sympatric occurrence of M. rooseveltorum with the taxon generally taken to be represented by the name M. truongsonensis, or even the possibility of a closely similar taxon (perhaps M. puhoatensis). M. rooseveltorum is morphologically very similar to material currently assumed to represent M. truongsonensis, and an animal very similar in skull and pelage features to the holotype of M. rooseveltorum has been recorded from the Xe Sap NPA area of Lao PDR, very close to the type locality of M. truongsonensis (R.J. Timmins pers. obs. based on material collected by R. Steinmetz and Tanya Chanard). As of November 2015, following visits to both FIPI and the WWF Hanoi offices, it appears that all of the original type material of M. truongsonensis has now been lost (R. J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015).

Although morphological characteristics cannot, therefore, be objectively defined for the presumed taxon to which the name M. truongsonensis is being applied there exist various specimens very similar to, but obviously different from, M. rooseveltorum. These have generally dark rather than brown or reddish pelage, a tail that is blackish dorsally and long premaxillae that contact the nasals rather than short premaxillae that do not. These are taken here provisionally to represent M. truongsonensis (in the hope that this morphologically-defined group will be found to correspond to the novel genetic sequence of P.M. Giao et al. 1998, and that appropriate typification could cement this hypothesis). However, there is still considerable variation in these morphological traits within available Indochinese specimens of the M. rooseveltorum complex, and some animals show character states apparently intermediate between M. rooseveltorum and 'M. truongsonensis'. It is not clear whether these represent hybrids or indicate that intraspecific variation is wide enough to blur interspecific variation, because very few complete specimens are available for which congruence between morphological traits can be compared: in fact out of over 50 specimens of this complex from Lao PDR and Viet Nam, R.J. Timmins (pers. comm. 2008) is only aware of two complete specimens, in which both skull and pelage features can be fully documented, the holotype of M. rooseveltorum and a female collected by R. Steinmetz and Tanya Chanard from the Xe Sap NPA area of Lao PDR.

See also M. rooseveltorum for further complications concerning this species-complex." 29622,Mazama pandora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,pandora,,,,,"Merriam, 1901",Grubb in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treats this as a synonym of M. americana. 29621,Mazama nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,nana,,,,,"(Hensel, 1872)", 29620,Mazama gouazoubira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,gouazoubira,,,,,"(G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814)","Six morphological forms pertaining to the concept of Brown Brocket adopted here have been described as subspecies of Mazama simplicicornis (= M. gouazoubira) or M. gouazoubira ( Pinder and Leeuwenberg 1997). They are argentina Lönnberg, auritus Gray, kozeritzi Miranda-Ribeiro, mexianae Hagmann, namby Fitzinger, and superciliaris Gray. In his review of Brazilian species of Mazama, Rossi (2000) interpreted the morphological differences that led authors to describe auritus Gray, kozeritzi Miranda-Ribeiro, mexianae Hagmann, namby Fitzinger, and superciliaris Gray as individual variation among specimens of Mazama gouazoubira. We follow this author in not recognizing any subspecies from Brazil. The form argentina Lönnberg , not analyzed by Rossi (2000), remains the only one that could merit subspecific status. Nevertheless, a thorough analysis of the original description of Mazama simplicicornis argentina shows there are no characters in the type that cannot be explained by individual or geographical variation. Therefore, at the present time we see no reason to recognize either argentina Lönnberg or any other form cited above as subspecies of Mazama gouazoubira." 29619,Mazama americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,americana,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","The taxonomy of Mazama americana is still uncertain. Specific doubts concern subspecies number and evolution of subspecies into species. Cabrera (1961) considered there to be nine subspecies (M. a. gualea, M. a. jucunda, M. a. rosii, M. a. rufa, M. a. sarae, M. a. sheila, M. a. whitelyi, M. a. zamora and M. a. zetta). Czernay (1987) added the following six subspecies to Cabrera's list: M. a. temama, M. a. cerasina, M. a. reperticia, M. a. americana, M. a. trinitatis and M. a. carrikeri. On the other hand, Thomas (1913) considered M. zetta and M. sheila as species and not subspecies. Allen (1915) corroborated Thomas, and added M. trinitatis, M. rufa, M. sartorii, M. gualea, M. fuscata and M. zamora as species. M. temama, earlier considered as a subspecies, was reclassified as a separate species by Groves and Grubb (1987), based on cytogenetical studies carried out by other authors. Rossi (2000) did a taxonomic revision of the Mazama genus for Brazil. He did not observe differences between Mazama americana specimens collected from different regions. Cytogenetic analysis of M. americana was initially realized by Taylor et al. (1969), who reported 2n-68 and NF=74. Jorge and Bernirschke (1977) analyzed three M. americana temama and described their basic karyotype as 2n=50 and FN=70, with a chromosome fusion in one of the studied animals. The X chromosome was submetacentric and approximately the same size as chromosome pair 7. The metacentric Y was the smallest chromosome. The vast differences among the animals analyzed by Jorge and Benirschke (1977) and Taylor et al. (1969) raised questions concerning these species’ classification. Neitzel (1987) analyzed a Paraguayan female and described yet another pattern for the species. It had 2n=52, plus 4 to 5 B chromosomes and NF=56. The submetacentric X was the largest chromosome. These results increased doubts as to this species’ karyotypic pattern. More recently, Duarte (1992) analyzed four Brazilian animals, and obtained conflicting results. Diploid numbers were 48, 50, 52 and 54, and NF = 54, 54, 56 and 56, respectively. These results were similar to those obtained by Neitzel (1987). According to Duarte and Merino (1997), this polymorphism appears to indicate the existence of various species within the Red Brocket Deer." 41023,Mazama bororo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,bororo,,,,,"Duarte, 1996","Duarte (1992) reported the existence of a new species which he named Mazama bororo. This classification was predominantly based on karyotype differences between other red brocket Mazama species. The first individual analyzed was a captive individual originated from Capão Bonito locality, São Paulo, Brazil. A more detailed description of the animal was made by Duarte and Merino (1997), Duarte (1996) and Duarte and Jorge (2003), who recognized this species as a morphologically intermediate form between M. nana and M. americana." 41788,Cervus nippon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Cervus,nippon,,,,,"Temminck, 1838","This species was reviewed by Feldhamer (1980) and Banwell (1999). Native and introduced populations seriously threatened by genetic pollution; numerous populations are of uncertain provenance or have mixed ancestry; the status of C. n. hortulorum is particularly uncertain. Groves (2006) reviewed the species' taxonomy and concluded that four species are involved, C. nippon of southern Japan, C. yesoensis of central and northern Japan, C. taiouanus of Taiwan, and C. hortulorum of the mainland range. However, we consider all of these as subspecies of C. nippon, pending further information. The following subspecies are also widely recognized:
C. n. aplodontus (North Honshu Sika);
C. n. mantchuricus (Manchurian Sika): former USSR;
C. n. mandarinus (North China Sika) China (considered extinct);
C. n. grassianus, (Shansi Sika): China (considered extinct);
C. n. sichuanicus (Sichuan Sika): China;
C. n. yesoensis (Hokkaido Sika): Japan;
C. n. taiouanus (Formosan or Taiwan Sika): Taiwan;
C. n. pseudaxis (Viet Namese or Tonkin Sika): Viet Nam;
C. n. kopschi, (South China or Kopschi Sika): China;
C. n. keramae (Ryukyu or Kerama Sika): Japan;
C. n. pulchellus: Japan - Tsushima Islands." 2446,Axis calamianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Axis,calamianensis,,,,,"(Heude, 1888)","This species was previously included in Axis porcinus (Haltenorth 1963), but is now treated as a full species (Groves and Grubb 1987, Grubb 2005). There is current research suggesting that this species should be included within the genus Hyelaphus, together with porcinus and kuhlii (Meijaard and Groves 2004)." 41789,Rusa timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rusa,timorensis,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1822)","

The classification of Rusas in their own genus as Rusa rather than Cervus was suggested by Van Bemmel (1949, cited by Emmerson and Tate 1993) based on the geographic distribution of these animals. While simple geographical or morphological characteristics may not be enough to justify a classification, cervine and rusine deer have different chromosome numbers (cervine: 2n = 66 to 68, rusine: 2n = 56 to 65; Neitzel 1987 and Wang et al. 1982, cited by Emmerson and Tate 1993; Gilbert et al. 2006; data in Groves and Grubb 2011) and these species do not interbreed. More recently, the division of the genus Cervus into four subgenera including Rusa, and the classification of Rusas in that subgenus was suggested by Groves and Grubb (1987) and has since been supported by extensive genetic studies (Meijard and Groves 2004).


Wilson and Mittermeier (2011) have listed seven timorensis subspecies: R. t. timorensis (Timor), R. t. djonga (Muna and Buton), R. t. floresiensis (Flores), R. t. macassaricus (Sulawesi), R. t. moluccensis (Moluccan Islands), R. t. renschi (Bali), and R. t. russa (Java). Others disagree that R. timorensis can be separated into subspecies and suggest that the apparent differences between the groups listed above are simply due to the genetic effects of small populations, and to environmental effects which have caused the development of phenotypically (but not genetically) different populations.


However, it has been accepted by several authors (e.g. Hill, Thomas and Mackenzie 1987; Dahlan 2009) that Javan (designated R. timorensis russa) and Moluccan (R. t. moluccensis) deer are different subspecies. This distinction has been based in some instances on the origin of the population under consideration, and on differences in size and pelage (Mackenzie 1985, Groves and Grubb 2011), and are therefore inconclusive. However, there are distinct differences in breeding season when the two “breeds” are managed in the same environment (Woodford 1994). That the Moluccan deer may be in the process of evolving away from the Javan “parent “ population is strongly indicated by the work of Emmerson and Tate (1993) who concluded, on the basis of phenetic and cladistic analyses, that Rusas from Java and Molucca should be divided into different subspecies, with a genetic distance (Nei 1972) of about 0.08. The validity of separating the other six subspecies suggested by Grubb (2005) has apparently not been established.

" 56003281,Alces alces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Alces,alces,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Grubb (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized Eurasian Elk (Alces alces) and Moose (Alces americanus) as distinct species, citing sources that documented differences in karyotype, body dimensions and proportions, form of premaxilla, coloration, and structure and dimensions of antlers (Geist 1998, Boyeskorov 1999). There is still some debate surrounding whether Moose comprise one or two species. Groves and Grubb (1987) called them ""semi-species"". Boeskorov (1997) proposed that the chromosomal races of Alces alces were different species, however, Bowyer et al. (2000) cautioned that chromosome numbers might be a poor designator of species among large mammals. Based on cited sources that documented differences between Eurasian Elk and Moose, Geist (1998) recommended separation at the subspecies level (i.e., Alces alces alces Linneaus, 1758 and Alces alces americanus Clinton, 1822). Geist (1998) noted a broad zone of hybridization between the two forms in central and eastern Siberia but Boeskorov (2003) identifies the Yenisei River as the boundary between the ranges of the two putative species. There are no differences in antler morphology on either side of the river, however, suggesting substantial gene flow (Kolesnikov and Kozlovskii 2014). Moreover, genetic analyses have generally supported distinguishing the two at the subspecific level (Hundertmark et al. 2002 a,b; Udina et al. 2002; Hundertmark and Bowyer 2004); further research is needed before a consensus would support species-level classification.

Hundertmark et al. (2002b) report that analysis of mtDNA revealed three haplogroups, one entirely Asian, one primarily European and one primarily North American. Eight extant subspecies are recognised here:
A. a. alces - Scandinavia, Finland, Baltic states and Poland E to Yenisei River
A. a. americana - E Canada (C Ontario to Newfoundland)
A. a. andersoni - British Colombia to Minnesota and Ontario
A. a. buturlini - NE Siberia and Kamchatka
A. a. cameloides - N Mongolia, Ussuriland, N Manchuria
A. a. gigas - Alaska and Yukon
A. a. pfizenmayeri - C Siberia and Stanovoy and Cherskiy Mountains
A. a. shirasi - S Alberta to Wyoming and Utah" 41784,Axis porcinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Axis,porcinus,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","Current research suggests that Hog Deer should be included within the genus Hyelaphus, together with calamianensis and kuhlii (Meijaard and Groves 2004, Pitra et al. 2004); it is also sometimes listed under Cervus porcinus. Two subspecies are generally recognized, the nominate and A. p. annamiticus (type locality in Viet Nam), although there has been no recent re-evaluation, and the relative historical distributions of these subspecies and nature of contact between them, if any, remain unclear (Maxwell et al. 2007). A new taxonomy of ungulates treats A. annamiticus as a species level taxon based on morphology, thus rendering A. porcinus monotypic (Groves and Grubb 2011). Confirmation of this arrangement using genetic markers is desirable before it is widely accepted.South Asian and Myanmar populations appear to be spotted when young, while those in southern Viet Nam and Kratie, Cambodia, appear to lack spotting when young (Peacock 1933, Clark undated, R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008 based on WWF Cambodia unpublished data and specimens in the AMNH; see also Maxwell et al. 2007)." 41783,Axis axis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Axis,axis,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)", 136708,Mazama nemorivaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,nemorivaga,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1817)","Considered a synonym of Mazama gouazoubira (Fischer, 1814) until Rossi (2000) demonstrated that it is a valid species. Wilson and Reeder (2005) include nemorivaga in gouazoubira in error. M. nemorivaga and M. gouazoubira are parapatric species, but molecular and cytogenetics studies (Duarte et al. 2008, Fiorillo et al. 2013) have shown their difference." 10053,Hippocamelus antisensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Hippocamelus,antisensis,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1834)", 10054,Hippocamelus bisulcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Hippocamelus,bisulcus,,,,,"Molina, 1782", 136479,Muntiacus putaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,putaoensis,,,,,"Amato, Egan & Rabinowitz, 1999","The species falls within the M. rooseveltorum complex of species. Assignment of the name to an external morphological diagnosis is problematic because the holotype is an incomplete skull (male) and therefore only those skull characters observable on this specimen are objectively known to be those of the species. Assignment of any further characters, including all relating to pelage, relies on subjective association of other specimens with the name. Although it is almost always justified to assume that a series of specimens of the same general type from the same general area do comprise one species, the confusion into which such assumptions have pitched understanding of muntjac status in Lao PDR and Viet Nam, and the apparent sympatry of two or more species within the M. rooseveltorum species-complex within this same area, urges a precautionary approach here. Caution is further indicated by results from camera-trapping in and around the type locality, which suggests on the basis of pelage features that there may be more than one species within the M. rooseveltorum species-complex in the general area (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008 based on WCS unpublished data). Such sympatry would explain certain incongruities such as Rabinowitz et al. (1999) apparently having measured, from the same general area, the skulls of a slightly larger form with short premaxillae that are separated from the nasals, as well as the seemingly smaller specimens of the type series which have long premaxillae that contact the nasals (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008 based on type material in ANNH, Rabinowitz et al. 1999). The premaxilla length seems to separate the two nominal species of M. rooseveltorum and M. truongsonensis in Lao PDR and Viet Nam, indicating that, since both character-states are apparently present in northern Myanmar, there may be two species there, too (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). The assumption has been made (including by the original describers) that the name M. putaoensis applies to the animals with a red pelage similar in tone to M. vaginalis, but differing in characters of the head pelage. This however needs additional research to investigate the concordance of skulls showing features of the holotype with their associated pelage characteristics (see above). Camera-trap photographs showing the external diagnostic head-pelage characters alluded to above are taken here as provisionally referring to M. putaoensis. Statements about the species' conservation status hinge on whether the skull-based name M. putaoensis conforms to this suite of pelage characters.

It is also possible that some claims of the species based solely on morphological characteristics might actually refer to M. gongshanensis which is morphologically very similar (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015, see that species account)." 7112,Elaphodus cephalophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Elaphodus,cephalophus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1872","Four subspecies are recognized by Grubb (2005): 
E. c. cephalophus Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Tufted Deer): southwestern China (Qinghai, western Sichuan, Guizhou, northern Yunnan), northeastern Myanmar;
E. c. michianus (Swinhoe, 1874) (Michie’s Tufted Deer): southeastern China (coastal provinces);
E. c. ichangensis Lydekker, 1904 (Ichang Tufted Deer): central and southern China (Shanxi, eastern Sichuan, Hubei); 
E. c. fociensus Lydekker, 1904 (of doubtful taxonomic status): China (Ohtaishi and Gao 1990)." 7121,Elaphurus davidianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Elaphurus,davidianus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1866", 15803,Ozotoceros bezoarticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Ozotoceros,bezoarticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomy and systematics of the Pampas Deer have been based primarily on morphological data. Five subspecies are recognized:

O. b. bezoarticus (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Cerrado ranging from eastern and central Brazil, south of the Amazon river between the plateau of Mato Grosso and the upper San Francisco river. While there is a population further north on the island of Marajo, at the mouth of the Amazon River (Rossetti and de Toledo 2006).

O. b. celer Cabrera, 1943, inhabiting the entire Argentinean pampas from the Atlantic coast to Sub Andean foothills and southward to the Rio Negro basin.

O. b. leucogaster (Goldfüss, 1817), located in the seasonally flooded grasslands of southwestern Brazil in southern Mato Grosso, southeastern Bolivia, Paraguay and in the Chaco savannas in northern Argentina (northern Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Formosa and Corrientes).

O. b. arerunguaensis González, Álvares-Valin and Maldonado, 2002. Type locality - Uruguay; northwestern Salto Department, Arerunguá, El Tapado, 31º41’51”S, 56º43’31”W.

O. b. uruguayensis González, Álvares-Valin and Maldonado, 2002. Type locality - Uruguay, grasslands of eastern Rocha Department, Sierra de Los Ajos, 33º50’01”S; 54º01’34”W." 13927,Muntiacus feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,feae,,,,,"(Thomas & Doria, 1889)","Like other muntjac taxa, there is some taxonomic uncertainty about this species. No recent reviewer (e.g. Ma et al. 1986, Grubb 1977, Groves and Grubb 1990) appears to have examined the holotype; even Grubb (1977) had only photographs of the skull on which to work (P. Grubb pers. comm. to R.J. Timmins, 1997). However, with the recent discovery of several muntjac species in nearby parts of southeast Asia, re-examination of the M. feae holotype is needed, to clarify the species' diagnostic characters, and to verify that captive animals in various Thai collections (including the Dusit Zoo) and a few specimens in the Natural History Museum, London (particularly # 24.1.6.2) truly are M. feae (Grubb 1977, Groves and Grubb 1990).

Groves and Grubb (1990) included, within M. feae, two taxa now known to be different species: M. rooseveltorum and M. gongshanensis. M. feae has also been claimed for eastern Tibet (Xizang autonomous region) and southwestern China (Yunnan Province) (Zhang et al. 1984, Sokolov 1957, Ma et al. 1986). Groves and Grubb (1990) grouped various specimens from this area and northern Myanmar with M. feae, in part pending description of a new taxon that was in progress. Ma et al. (1990) described this new taxon, M. gongshanensis, to which some of the past claims of M. feae can probably be attributed (e.g. material in the NHM, London and the FMNH, Chicago, USA). Although several records refer to M. gongshanensis, some literature records (e.g. Zhang et al. 1984; Sokolov 1957) are best treated as unidentifiable Muntiacus sp. because diagnostic details, based on the current understanding of muntjac systematics, are not available. M. feae is still routinely included in the mammalian fauna of China, often without mention of M. gongshanensis (e.g. Sheng and Lu 1990, Zhang 1997, Sheng 1998, Sheng et al. 1999, Wang 2003). The Kunming Institute of Zoology holds several specimens from China labelled as M. feae (W.G. Robichaud in litt.. 1997 to R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). Huang et al. (2006) provided data on the karyotype of 'M. feae' but gave the source of the tissues analysed only as fibroblast cell lines of a male M. feae (KCB 91006) that came from the Kunming Cell Bank. If such a cell line was established from a wild-caught animal in China, then it gives considerable support to the presence of M. feae (or a very similar taxon) in southern China, given the apparent similarity of the Huang et al. (2006) karyotype with that of the M. feae karyotype published by Soma et al. (1987) and Tanomtong et al. (2005), which was based on animals from Thailand. However for the purposes of this assessment, the purported distribution in China is considered hypothetical.

Tortonese (in Grubb 1977) proposed that the correct spelling of the specific name should be M. feai and not M. feae. However, this is not so (Brandon-Jones et al. 2007, Dubois 2007): the correct original spelling of feae should be used, as it was by Corbet and Hill (1992) and Grubb (2005)." 13928,Muntiacus rooseveltorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,rooseveltorum,,,,,"Osgood, 1932","The taxonomic status of M. rooseveltorum has been controversial for over 60 years, and the species was even relegated by Groves and Grubb (1990) to the synonymy of M. feae. However, genetic analysis of the holotype (Amato et al. 1999a,b, 2000; Le et al. 2014a) and morphological investigations (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015) confirm the species' validity with respect to all previously-named taxa. More complex is its relationship with several subsequently proposed names, M. truongsonensis, M. putaoensis, and M. puhoatensis.

M. rooseveltorum forms a clade with M. truongsonensis and M. putaoensis supported genetically (Amato et al. 1999b, 2000; James et al. 2008; Le et al. 2014 a, b) and morphologically, by the presence of the combination of well developed canines in females and small, generally unbranched, but regularly shed, antlers in males (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). The nominal taxon M. puhoatensis is also very likely to belong to this clade (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). It is still unclear how many species-level taxa there are in this clade, here referred to as the M. rooseveltorum species-complex (because rooseveltorum is the earliest available name within the complex). At present, diagnostic characters for individual taxa are limited to base sequences of four genes, although for M. puhoatensis even this is not available (Amato et al. 1999b, 2000); the dangers inherent in using mtDNA data to determine taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among closely related populations urge caution in drawing firm conclusions without establishing congruence with variation of nuclear DNA (both autosomal and Y-chromosome) and morphological characters (Ballard and Whitlock 2004). No such analysis has been performed within this species-complex. Neither the congruence of various morphological features speculated to be important in identifying species within this complex, nor the variation in each character within each apparent species, have been analysed: too few specimens exist for such an analysis. Specimens are particularly few, which allow the full set of skull and pelage characters to be assessed, and where skull and skin are known to be from the same original animal. The accounts for M. truongsonensis and M. puhoatensis (described from one frontlet [antlers and a bit of the skull] lacking any morphological characteristics likely to be necessary for species diagnosis within this species-complex) consider some linked taxonomic and nomenclatorial ambiguities specific to the application of those two names which in turn affect application of the name M. rooseveltorum. Synonymy of either or both M. truongsonensis and M. puhoatensis with M. rooseveltorum cannot be ruled out, although one or both could be valid species.

Le et al. (2014a) reported M. rooseveltorum from the Pu Hoat and Xuan Lien Nature Reserves of Vietnam on the basis of the 16s mitochondrial gene, analysed from four specimens; the paper also claimed to have confirmed the identification on the basis of other mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes, but these apparently have never been determined for the M. rooseveltorum holotype, and furthermore the paper presents no data to support the claim that nuclear genes provide taxonomic resolution of the sampled specimens’ identities. Le et al. (2014 b) report nine cytochrome b sequences from samples collected in Xuan Lien NR as analogous to M. rooseveltorum. Neither paper lists actual details of the sources of their sequences, and the sample numbers given in each paper follow different formats, leaving it uncertain as to whether some of the samples are common to both studies. The reported locality of the Pu Hoat samples however is close to if not the same as the type locality of M. puhoatensis, a species undiagnosable at present because the type material is fragmentary, lacking any known diagnostic features, and has also never been genetically analysed with certainty (Minh Le Duc pers. comm. 2015, R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015). Two relatively complete muntjac specimens from the M. rooseveltorum species-complex from the Pu Hoat region seen by R.J. Timmins (pers. comm. 2015) had several morphological characteristics at variance with the holotype of M. rooseveltorum suggesting that the identification of muntjac specimens from the Pu Hoat region should be taken with care, until identification can be corroborated by additional evidence including morphology and nuclear DNA (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015). Several popular media articles that reported the findings of Le et al. (2014) also included camera-trap photographs from Xuan Lien Nature Reserve purported to show M. rooseveltorum; however the muntjacs visible in these photographs were either certainly identifiable as M. vaginalis or unidentifiable to species as they lacked visible diagnostic characteristics.

The animals of northern Myanmar taken to be M. putaoensis shows pelage similarities to M. rooseveltorum sensu stricto, specifically reduced dark frontal stripes, short rather than long crown hair tuft and generally rather uniform, and pale, body and tail pelage. There are several camera-trap photographs of animals from Lao PDR and Viet Nam (outside the presumed range of M. putaoensis) of M. rooseveltorum-type animals which show pelage of pale sandy brown to darker orange similar to that shown by animals of northern Myanmar believed to be M. putaoensis (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). M. putaoensis is generally assumed to be geographically isolated from M. rooseveltorum, and current known localities are indeed widely disjunct. However, the lack of known specimens in intervening areas would be expected given the paucity of suitable surveys. The Mekong is a geographical barrier to some mammals (e.g. squirrels; Timmins and Duckworth 2008), but not others, especially geographically and altitudinally wider ranging taxa in the northern highlands north to the headwater areas of China (e.g. the gibbon Hylobates (Nomascus) leucogenys). Given its altitudinal and geographic range, M. rooseveltorum is likely to belong in the latter category.

These uncertainties mean that M. rooseveltorum can be considered to be currently known only with certainty from the holotype. One further specimen from the Xe Sap National Protected Area of South Laos with skin and skull is very likely to belong to this species (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008 based on material collected by R. Steinmetz and Tanya Chanard). A number of other specimens (poorly documented with respect to morphological features and in the case of Lao specimens also provenance) which have been reported to share the same mitochondrial DNA sequences as the holotype (Amato et al. 1999a; Le et al. 2014 a,b) are also likely to belong to the species, but two closely related species might not be diagnosable with respect to their mtDNA (Ballard and Whitlock 2004), as exemplified by the analogous case of M. gongshanensis and M. crinifrons (see Red List account for M. gongshanensis). Numerous camera-trap photographs from several sites in both Laos and Vietnam show features consistent with the Holotype, yet because of the cautions as laid out above it is best to treat these as only provisional records of the species at present.

Würster-Hill and Seidel (1985) claimed to have analysed the karyotype of M. rooseveltorum, but given the lack of information on the source of their specimen and the means by which it was identified as M. rooseveltorum, and the similarities in karyotype with northern red muntjac M. vaginalis, it has generally been assumed that their tissue originated from a specimen of M. vaginalis (e.g., Groves and Grubb 1990).

Ma et al. (1986) listed M. rooseveltorum for China (seemingly for the first time) with the following statement 'M. lachrymans teesdalei described by Lydekker (1915) as having relatively small preorbital pit and premaxillae separated from nasals should be M. rooseveltorum'. Although Lydekker's animal is definitely M. reevesi, Ma et al. (1986) were correct in M. rooseveltorum having the said features. Thus, some records identified as M. reevesi teesdalei in southern China may in fact not be of that taxon and could, given the features of this 1986 description, refer to animals of the M. rooseveltorum complex. Presence of the species-complex in southern China is extremely likely as specimens and photographs of animals in the M. rooseveltorum complex in both Lao PDR and Viet Nam have been obtained close to the Chinese border (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015). Ma et al. (1986) also identified four purchased skins of this species in the Kunming Institute of Zoology as this species, but the identification was revised to M. reevesi by Groves and Grubb (1990) who apparently examined the four skins in the Kunming Institute of Zoology. There is no description of the skins in the above sources, and given the current understanding of muntjac systematics it would likely be hard to diagnose the specific identity of the skins (especially if heads and tails were incomplete or missing) without molecular analysis, their species identity is thus probably best treated as indeterminate at present.

The English name Roosevelt’s Muntjac is often used, but the scientific name is in the genitive plural, and the original account (Osgood 1932) makes clear that both Theodore and Kermit Roosevelt are to be commemorated. Hence, the appropriate English name is Roosevelts’ Muntjac." 13926,Muntiacus gongshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,gongshanensis,,,,,"Ma in Ma, Wang & Shi, 1990","Existing literature is inconsistent regarding the species of muntjac, additional to Northern Red Muntjac M. vaginalis, in eastern Tibet and Yunnan Province (southwestern China) and northern Myanmar, with reports of M. feae (Zhang et al. 1984, Ma et al. 1986), M. rooseveltorum (Ma et al. 1986) and M. reevesi (Groves and Grubb 1990) made. In all cases identification criteria remain equivocal and are often not stated. Ma (in Ma et al. 1990) described a new species from this region, M. gongshanensis, to which some past claims of the aforementioned other species can probably be attributed. More recently, M. crinifrons has also been said to occur in this area, which lies far from its generally accepted range (in south-east China; e.g. Lu and Sheng 1984), but this stems entirely from a decision, based upon a similarity of analysed portions of mtDNA, to consider M. gongshanensis indistinguishable from, and therefore a junior synonym of, M. crinifrons, rather than any evidence that M. crinifrons, and specifically not M. gongshanensis, is in the region. The first report was from north Myanmar (Rabinowitz et al. 1998; Amato et al. 1999b, 2000), which led to this claim that M. gongshanensis is indistinguishable from M. crinifrons; but to thereby consider the two as synonymous ignores the cautions and dangers of relying solely upon mtDNA to determine species phylogenies and identifications (see Ballard and Whitlock 2004, and references therein). Specifically, no consideration was given to possibilities that non-conspecific populations might possess very similar, perhaps identical, mtDNA, although there are several reasons why they sometimes do so (Ballard and Whitlock 2004). There are subsequent reports of muntjacs under the name 'M. crinifrons' from areas of China adjacent to north Myanmar and some way to the west (Schaller and Rabinowitz 2004, Chen et al. 2007). The identification in Chen et al. (2007) was based explicitly solely on mtDNA and M. gongshanensis may not have been considered (the name M. gongshanensis was associated with the name 'Roosevelt’s Muntjak' [sic], for which the code 'Mgon'; was used; yet no result was given anywhere for 'Mgon', nor is either species discussed); Schaller and Rabinowitz (2004) simply took M. gongshanensis as a synonym of M. crinifrons. Therefore, none of these identifications can be taken as indicative of M. crinifrons, if M. gongshanensis is considered a distinct species (as it is here).

There is no compelling evidence to treat M. gongshanensis and M. crinifrons as conspecific: the two differ substantially in morphological characters (Ma et al. 1990, Groves and Grubb 1990, R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008), reportedly also in karyotype (Huang et al. 2006) and even in mtDNA (Lan et al. 1995, Wang Wen and Lan Hong 2000). Nor, because none of the recent records from the region has explicitly identified M. crinifrons as distinct from M. gongshanensis using any of these features, is there even the most slender of reasons to consider that M. crinifrons occurs in the region in addition to M. gongshanensis. All available specimens of this sort of muntjac from Myanmar at the Natural History Museum (London; NHM) and the Field Museum (Chicago, USA; FMNH) and camera-trap photographs (WCS Myanmar Programme unpublished data) with diagnostic characters visible agree with the type material of M. gongshanensis as assessed by R.J. Timmins (pers. comm. 2008), using data on M. gongshanensis types provided by W.G. Robichaud during a visit to the Kunming Institute of Zoology (Yunnan, China) and from images of the holotype shortly after capture supplied by Lan Hong. These Myanmar records are all treated here as being of M. gongshanensis. Over most of the wider area very little camera trapping has been carried out and specimens are not available; so it cannot be excluded that additional muntjac taxa occur, potentially even perhaps M. crinifrons itself.

Several authors have listed M. feae for eastern Tibet (Xizang autonomous region) and southwestern China (Yunnan Province) (Zhang et al. 1984, Sokolov 1957, Ma et al. 1986), and Groves and Grubb (1990) grouped various specimens from this area and northern Myanmar (most likely to be M. gongshanensis on current taxonomy) with M. feae pending description of a new taxon, which they were aware was soon to be forthcoming (i.e. M. gongshanensis). The Kunming Institute of Zoology also has several specimens from this area labelled as M. feae (W.G. Robichaud in litt. to R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). Although several of these records refer clearly to M. gongshanensis, some others (e.g. Zhang et al. 1984, Sokolov 1957, Wirth and Groves 1988) are probably still better treated as unidentifiable Muntiacus sp. because diagnostic details, based on the current understanding of muntjac systematics, are not available. M. feae is still, however, routinely included in the mammalian fauna of China, often without mention of M. gongshanensis (e.g. Zhang et al. 1997, Sheng et al. 1999).

Presumed NHM and FMNH specimens of M. gongshanensis from Myanmar were seemingly identified as “Chinese Muntjac” by Dollman (1932). Grubb (2005) considered the skin from Tang Me in Po Me, Tibet, described by Bailey (1914, 1915) as “M. [reevesi] lacrymans” to represent M. gongshanensis, however in view of the potential similarity of the species with other species it would be better to consider this skin of uncertain specific affinity." 13924,Muntiacus crinifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,crinifrons,,,,,"(Sclater, 1885)","Currently, the name Muntiacus crinifrons is only applicable to populations from eastern China (Groves and Grubb 1990).

Recent reports of M. crinifrons in northern Myanmar and adjacent parts of China, which lies far from its generally accepted range (see below), potentially result from confusion with M. gongshanensis Ma et al. 1990, described from the Gaoligongshan. They stem largely from a decision, based upon a similarity of analysed portions of mtDNA, to consider M. gongshanensis to be indistinguishable from, and therefore a junior synonym of, M. crinifrons, rather than any evidence that M. crinifrons, and specifically not M. gongshanensis, is in these areas. The first report was from northern Myanmar (Rabinowitz et al. 1998; Amato et al. 1999, 2000), which led to this claim that M. gongshanensis is indistinguishable from M. crinifrons. But to thereby consider the two as synonymous ignores the cautions and dangers of relying solely upon mtDNA to determine species phylogenies and identifications (Ballard and Whitlock 2004). Specifically, no consideration was given to possibilities that non-conspecific populations might possess very similar, perhaps identical, mtDNA, although there are several reasons why they sometimes do so (Ballard and Whitlock 2004). There are subsequent reports of muntjacs under the name 'M. crinifrons' from areas of China adjacent to northern Myanmar and some way to the west (Schaller and Rabinowitz 2004, Chen et al. 2007) and adjacent areas of India (Datta 2003, Johnsingh 2004, Mukherjee 2013, Menon 2014). The identification in Chen et al. (2007) was based explicitly solely on mtDNA and M. gongshanensis may not have been considered (the name M. gongshanensis was associated with the name ‘Roosevelt’s Muntjak’ [sic], for which the code ‘Mgon’ was used; yet no result was given anywhere for ‘Mgon’, nor is either species discussed); Schaller and Rabinowitz (2004) took M. gongshanensis as a synonym of M. crinifrons. Therefore, none of these identifications can be taken as clearly indicative of M. crinifrons, if M. gongshanensis is considered a distinct species (as it is here; see also the M. gongshanensis Red List account).

M. gongshanensis and M. crinifrons were maintained as distinct by Grubb (2005): the two differ substantially in morphological characters (Ma et al. 1990, Groves and Grubb 1990, R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008), reportedly also in karyotype (Huang et al. 2006) and even in mtDNA (Lan et al. 1995, Wang and Lan 2000)." 2828,Blastocerus dichotomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Blastocerus,dichotomus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1815)", 42395,Capreolus capreolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Capreolus,capreolus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomy and systematics of the European Roe Deer have been based on morphological and genetic data. The following subspecies have been confirmed by molecular data (Lorenzini et al. 2002, Randi et al. 2004, Lorenzini and Lovari 2006); 1) C. c. italicus Festa, 1925; 2) C. c. garganta Meunier, 1983 (although whether this name may refer to the subspecies of Roe Deer in South Spain awaits confirmation cf. Lorenzini et al. 2014); 3) C. c. capreolus Linnaeus, 1758. The identification of C. c. caucasicus as the correct name for a large-sized subspecies north of the Caucasus Mountains is provisional (Sempéré et al. 1996, Lister et al. 1998). Animals in the Near East have been assigned to C. c. coxi (Harrison and Bates 1991).

Recent molecular studies have detected mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Siberian Roe Deer in Poland and Lithuania, 2000 km farther west than the western limit of its modern distribution (Lorenzini et al. 2014, Matosiuk et al. 2014, Olano-Marin et al. 2014). Genetic analyses of European Roe deer in Poland suggests that Siberian haplotypes are of ancient origin (they were not detected within the modern range of Siberian Roe Deer) and that genetic introgression occurred as the range of Siberian Roe Deer expanded as far west as Central Europe, and European Roe Deer spread east from western refugia during the last glacial maximum (Lorenzini et al. 2014, Matosiuk et al. 2014). As well or instead of introgression into western Roe, it is possible that Siberian Roe had a more western distribution during the Late Peistocene and may even have gone undetected until today, coexisting with European Roe Deer, further evidence is needed to determine the taxonomic identity of the roes in these parts of Europe that bear Siberian-type mtDNA." 42396,Capreolus pygargus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Capreolus,pygargus,,,,,"Pallas, 1771","This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies-group of the European Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus. However, it is now regarded as a species distinct from C. capreolus (Sokolov et al. 1985, Sokolov and Gromov 1990, Randi et al. 1998, Hewison and Danilkin, 2001, Lorenzini et al. 2014 ). It was reviewed by Danilkin (1995).Three subspecies are typically recognized: C. pygargus pygargus Pallas, 1771 (main part of the distribution area), C. p. tianschanicus Saturnin, 1906 (southern part of the range in China) and C. p. bedfordi Thomas, 1908 (eastern part of the range). However, recent phylogenetic analyses could bring into question the existence of these subspecies, Lorenzini et al. (2014) found no relationship between mitochondrial genetic lineages and geographic distribution, and no particular haplogroups corresponding to the proposed subspecies were detected. Further research incorporating nuclear DNA is required to resolve the taxonomy of this group.

Recent molecular studies have detected mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Siberian Roe Deer in Poland and Lithuania, 2000 km farther west than the western limit of its modern distribution (Lorenzini et al. 2014, Matosiuk et al. 2014, Olano-Marin et al. 2014).Genetic analyses of European Roe deer in Poland suggest that Siberian haplotypes are of ancient origin (they were not detected within the modern range of Siberian Roe Deer) and that genetic introgression occurred as the range of Siberian Roe Deer expanded as far west as Central Europe, and European Roe Deer spread east from western refugia during the last glacial maximum (Lorenzini et al. 2014, Matosiuk et al. 2014). As well or instead of introgression into western Roe, it is possible that Siberian Roe had a more western distribution during the Late Peistocene and may even have gone undetected until today, coexisting with European Roe Deer, further evidence is needed to determine the taxonomic identity of the roes in these parts of Europe that bear Siberian-type mtDNA." 42393,Odocoileus hemionus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Odocoileus,hemionus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1817)","A number of subspecies have been identified (Anderson and Wallmo 1984):
O. h. californicus (Caton, 1876) – California Mule Deer;
O. h. cerrosensis Merriam, 1898 – Cedros Island Deer;
O. h. columbianus (Richardson, 1829) – Columbian Black-tailed Deer;
O. h. crooki (Mearns, 1897) (eremicus Mearns and canus Merriam are synonyms), Heffelfinger (2000) considered O. h. eremicus as the correct name for Desert Mule Deer, because the specimen type of this subspecies is a hybrid of Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer;
O. h. fuliginatus Cowan, 1933 – Southern Mule Deer;
O. h. hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817) – Rocky Mountain Mule Deer;
O. h. inyoensis Cowan, 1933 (the validity is questionable) – Inyo Mule Deer;
O. h. peninsulae (Lydekker, 1898) – Peninsula Mule Deer;
O. h. sheldoni Goldman, 1939 – Tiburon Island Mule Deer;
O. h. sitkensis Merriam, 1898 – Sitka Black-tailed Deer." 42394,Odocoileus virginianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Odocoileus,virginianus,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","A number of subspecies have been identified (Smith 1991):
O. v. acapulcensis (Caton, 1877). Type locality Acapulco, Guerrero, México;
O. v. borealis (Miller, 1990).Type locality “Booksport”, Maine, USA;
O. v. cariacou (Boddaert, 1784). Type locality Guyane, coastal French Guiana;
O. v. carminis Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality “Botellas Cañón, Sierra del Carmen, northern Coahuila, Mexico;
O. v. chiriquensis (J.A. Allen, 1910). Type locality “Boquerón, Chiriqui”, Panamá;
O. v. clavium Barboyr & Allen, 1922. Type locality “Big Pine Key”, Florida, USA;
O. v. couesi (Coues & Yarrow, 1875). Type locality “Rancho Santuario”, northwestern Durango, México;
O. v. curassavicus (Hummelinck, 1940). Type locality Island of Curacao;
O. v. dacotensis Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality ”White Earth River”, Mountrail Country, North Dakota, USA;
O. v. goudotti (Gay & Gervais, 1846). Type locality “vits dans les regions elevees de la Nouvelle-Grenade”;
O. v. gymnotis (Wiegmann, 1833). Type locality “British Guiana”;
O. v. hiltonensis Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality “Hilton Head Island, Beaufort County, South Carolina, USA;
O. v. leucurus (Douglas, 1829). Type locality “the districts adjoining the river Columbia, USA;
O. v. macrourus (Rafinesque, 1817). Type locality “Mer Rouge, Morehouse county, Louisiana, USA;
O. v. mcilhennyi F.W. Miller, 1928. Type locality “near Avery Island, Iberia Parish, Louisiana, USA;
O. v. margaritae (Osgood, 1910). Type locality “vicinity of Puerto Viejo”, Margarita Island, Venezuela;
O. v. mexicanus (Gmelin, 1788). Type locality “Valley of México”, México;
O. v. miquihuanensis Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality ”Sierra Madre Oriental, near Miquihuana, southwestern Tamaulipas, México”;
O. v. nelsoni Merriam, 1898. Type locality “San Cristobal, highlands of Chiapas, México”;
O. v. nigribarbis Goldman and Kellogg, 1940. Type locality “Blackbeard Island, McIntoch County, Georgia, USA;
O. v. oaxacensis Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality “mountains 15 miles west of Oaxaca, México”;
O. v. ochrourus Bailey, 1932. Type locality “Coolin, south end of Priest Lake, Idaho, USA;
O. v. osceola (Bangs, 1896). Type locality “Citronelle, Citrus county, Florida, USA;
O. v. peruvianus (Gray, 1874). Type locality “Ceuchupate”, Perú;
O. v. rothschildi (Thomas, 1902). Type locality “Island of Coiba”, Veraguas, Panamá;
O. v. seminolus Goldman & Kellog, 1940. Type locality ""ten miles northeast of Everglades, Collier county, Florida, USA;
O. v. sinaloae J.A. Allen, 1903. Type locality “Escuinapa”, southern Sinaloa, México;
O. v. taurinsulae Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality “Bull’s Island, Charleston County, South Carolina, USA;
O. v. texanus (Mearns, 1898). Type locality “Fort Clark”, Kinney County, Texas, USA;
O. v. thomasi Merriam, 1898. Type locality “Huehuetan”, Chiapas, México;
O. v. toltecus (Saussure, 1860). Type locality “Orizaba”, Veracruz, México;
O. v. tropicalis (Cabrera, 1918). Type locality “La María, en el Valle del Dagua”, Colombia;
O. v. nemoralis (Hamilton-Smith, 1827). Type locality restricted to “Central America, round the Gulf of Mexico to Surinam”, further restricted to “From Honduras to Panamá"" (Lydekker, 1915);
O. v. ustus (Trouessart, 1910). Type locality ”El Pelado”, au nord de Quito (4,100 m), sur la frontiere de Colombie;
O. v. venatorius Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality ""Hunting Island, Beufort County, south Carolina, USA;
O. v. veraecrucis Goldman & Kellogg, 1940. Type locality “Chijol, northern Veracruz, México”;
O. v. virginiana (Zimmermann, 1780). Type locality “Wisconsin”, USA;
O. v. yucatanensis (Hays, 1872). Type locality “throughout Yucatán and the southern part of México”." 10329,Hydropotes inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Hydropotes,inermis,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1870","There are two subspecies:
H. i. argyropus Heude, 1884; Korea (formerly also in Jilin and Liaoning provinces of China);
H. i. inermis Swinhoe, 1870; China (Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Guangxi, but now extinct in the southern and western parts of this range)." 18847,Pudu mephistophiles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Pudu,mephistophiles,,,,,"(de Winton, 1896)", 18848,Pudu puda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Pudu,puda,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 136290,Mazama temama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,temama,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","The taxonomy and systematic of Central American brocket deer has been studied by morphological data of collections and cytogenetic analysis, with locality type Mirador Veracruz México by Hershkovitz (1951). This is considered by some authors as a subspecies of Mazama americana (Hershkovitz, 1951). But currently M. temama has been raised to species status (Geist 1998). Tate (1939) classified red brocket deer in two groups (large and small brockets) and allied M. temama in with the small brockets division with a distribution in Central America. Groves and Grubb (1987) also were of the opinion that it be granted species status mainly due to the old karyotype data of Jorge and Benirschke (1977) who segregated it by its karyotype of 2n=50 from Mazama americana which has 2n=68-70. M. t. cerasina and M. t. reperticia are recognized subspecies of M. temama." 136293,Muntiacus puhoatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,puhoatensis,,,,,"Trai in Binh Chau, 1997","This species was accidentally described in a magazine article (Binh Chau 1997), based on material collected by Le Trong Trai from the Pu Hoat (mountain) region, in Hanh Dich Village, Hanh Dich Commune, Que Phong District, Nghe An Province, Viet Nam. The original material collected in October 1997 consisted of a single trophy frontlet with antlers (Le Trong Trai pers. comm. to R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). Other specimens of small muntjacs were subsequently collected in the same area by Le Trong Trai and Do Tuoc, consisting of further trophy frontlets, tails and two nearly complete specimens (Le Trong Trai and Do Tuoc pers. comm. to R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). A sample of tissue (reportedly from the initial trophy) was sent to P. Arctander (Le Trong Trai pers. comm. to R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008), and this appears to be basis for the claim made by P.M. Giao et al. (1998) of a new undescribed species of muntjac in Viet Nam. However, G. Amato (pers. comm. to R.J. Timmins 1998) was sent a partial sequence by P. Arctander, which he assumes was the sequence used as the basis for the latter claim of P.M. Giao et al. (1998). This sequence was intraspecifically comparable to that of M. rooseveltorum. If this sequence did in fact come from Le Trong Trai's material, specifically from the holotype, and bearing in mind that two species might have similar mtDNA (see Ballard and Whitlock 2004), M. puhoatensis may therefore be a junior subjective synonym of M. rooseveltorum. The tails do not belong to M. vaginalis and the trophies and two near-complete specimens correspond with the M. rooseveltorum complex (which includes also M. truongsonensis and M. putaoensis). Further morphological determination is not possible, because application of the name M. puhoatensis. can only be determined by reference to the holotype, which lacks morphological features for determination within the M. rooseveltorum species-complex, the other material from around the type locality cannot be assumed necessarily to come from the same species as the holotype because species within the M. rooseveltorum complex appear to be sympatric in parts of Lao PDR and Viet Nam (see M. rooseveltorum Red List account). Conservative reasoning suggests taking M. puhoatensis as synonymous with either M. rooseveltorum or M. truongsonensis (which was described a few weeks earlier) until otherwise proven different. Because it is not possible to determine with which of those it should be aligned, it is here kept distinct. See the M. rooseveltorum Red List account for a fuller description of taxonomic issues in this species complex. Le et al. (2014a) reported M. rooseveltorum from the Pu Hoat and Xuan Lien Nature Reserves of Vietnam on the basis of the 16s mitochondrial gene, analysed from four specimens, the paper also claimed to have confirmed the identification on the basis of other mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes, but these apparently have never been determined for the M. rooseveltorum holotype, and furthermore the paper presents no data to support the claim that nuclear genes provide taxonomic resolution of the sampled specimens’ identities. Le et al. (2014 b) report nine cytochrome b sequences from samples collected in Xuan Lien NR as analogous to M. rooseveltorum. Neither paper lists actual details of the sources of their sequences, and the sample numbers given in each paper follow different formats, leaving it uncertain as to whether some of the samples are common to both studies. The reported locality of the Pu Hoat samples however is close to if not the same as the type locality of M. puhoatensis, a species undiagnosable at present because the type material is fragmentary, lacking any known diagnostic features, and has also never been genetically analysed with certainty (Minh Le Duc pers. comm. 2015, R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015). Two relatively complete muntjac specimens from the M. rooseveltorum species-complex from the Pu Hoat region seen by R.J. Timmins (pers. comm. 2015) had several morphological characteristics at variance with the holotype of M. rooseveltorum suggesting that the identification of muntjac specimens from the Pu Hoat region should be taken with care, until identification can be corroborated by additional evidence including morphology and nuclear DNA (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2015). Several popular media articles that reported the findings of Le et al. (2014) also included camera-trap photographs from Xuan Lien Nature Reserve purported to show M. rooseveltorum, however the muntjacs visible in these photographs were either certainly identifiable as M. vaginalis or unidentifiable to species as they lacked visible diagnostic characteristics." 136301,Mazama bricenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,bricenii,,,,,"Thomas, 1908","This species was considered a subspecies of M. rufina by Cabrera (1961). Nevertheless, no specific studies have been carried out to fully clarify the taxonomic status of M. bricenii. Due to its separated geographical distribution from M. rufina and the lack of further information about its biology, it is still considered a valid species (Czernay 1987)." 136551,Muntiacus vaginalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,vaginalis,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1785)","Taxonomic Notes:    Groves (2003) elected to raise non-Sundaic forms of M. muntjak (s.l.) from subspecific taxa to the species M. vaginalis, leaving the Sundaic forms to constitute M. muntjak (s.s.). In 2008 the IUCN Red List chose to follow this split, with the following caveats. This position, already postulated by previous authors (e.g. Groves and Grubb 1990), rests on little evidence, primarily the assumption that all taxa within M. muntjak in the Sunda region carry a unique karyotype different from all M. vaginalis in northern regions. However, the Sundaic karyotype seems to have been documented in only a few individuals from the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra (Wurster and Aitkin 1972, Groves and Grubb 1990, Groves 2003, Tanomtong et al. 2005), assumed to be M. muntjak (the type locality of the later is Java). Other purported differences (e.g. dorsal darkening and short nasals, Groves 2003, Groves and Grubb 1990), if they can be considered diagnostic characters rather than traits (see below), appear minor rather than ones likely to separate species-level taxa. Although differences in chromosome number between muntjacs appears likely to constitute a good species boundary, preventing extensive interbreeding (see Groves and Grubb 1990), a much wider sampling of karyotype (especially within the presumed range of M. muntjak (s.s.)) is needed to place on solid ground the systematic position which assumes separate and widespread ranges for the two so far identified karyotypes. There appears to have been no significant further investigation of this taxonomic split since 2008, and thus the 2014 reassessment largely for the sake of status quo maintains this taxonomic treatment.

Groves (2003) and other authors (e.g., P.M. Giao et al. 1998) have suggested that northern forms here placed within M. vaginalis may constitute more than one species, and Groves and Grubb (2011) separated the taxon into four species, M. vaginalis s.s. (central range, the most widespread of the four), M. malabaricus (extreme southwest of range), M. aureus (western range with an outlier in the central part of the range) and M. nigripes (eastern parts of the range). The purported differences between these taxa include body size, antler size and general and or midback, nape and crown pelage colour and or more specifically its darkness. The purported descriptions presumably meant to indicate diagnostic differences and the grounds for considering the species valid are often internally inconsistent, for example “shorter antlers” is clearly implied as a characteristic of M. vaginalis, M. malabaricus is stated to have “shorter antlers [than M. vaginalis]”, in M. aureus the “antlers short” and in M. nigripes once again “antlers short”. Specimens used and sample sizes are not given, nor is there in general any discussion of variation, nor reference to alternative explanations for the geographical distribution of traits. With the obvious propensity for muntjacs to undergo chromosome rearrangements, and the clear indications from certain areas of multiple sympatric and or closely parapatric muntjac species, it is clearly quite possible (perhaps even probable) that M. vaginalis as used here may involve multiple phylogenetic species. However the documentation of such species, especially for the sake of taxonomic stability, requires the burden of proof to be placed on those authors attempting taxonomic splits. For the reasons already outlined, small sample sizes (morphological or genetic) from disparate range locations are not adequate proof, for such a widespread, ecologically tolerant species, that effective reproductive isolation has occurred between sister lineages.


In the context of the above it has been pointed out for instance by Groves (2003) that dark-legged Chinese and Indochinese animals (‘M. nigripes’ of Groves and Grubb 2011) differ from paler, more uniform, animals to the south and west (‘M. vaginalis’ of Groves and Grubb 2011, for further details, see also C.P. Groves in litt. 1999 to Duckworth et al. 1999). However, recent data (especially the results of camera-trapping studies) from Indochina suggest that pelage colour and pattern variation is little more than a geographically based polymorphism within a widespread species, and might not warrant even use in designation of subspecific taxa (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008, based on unpublished data from various camera-trapping projects by WWF/WCS/FFI/SFNC/IUCN). There are certainly no grounds from field studies to suggest that more than one species-level taxon is present in Indochina (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008).

Because objective morphological grounds to allow confident separation of the two species M. muntjak and M. vaginalis are not yet validated, because published sources and opinion in the region universally treat the two as conspecific, and because surveys have not systematically been examining the chromosomes of muntjacs, for the purposes of this red list assessment, each species' range and status have been assessed taking an assumption that the Isthmus of Kra forms the boundary between the two. This follows the assessment of Groves and Grubb (1990), based on rather few specimens, which segregated animals primarily on the basis of pelage and nasal characters, these authors noted the presence of specimens from two localities just south of the Isthmus of Kra which were somewhat atypical from presumed M. muntjak specimens further south. Many other vertebrates have diagnosable Sunda and northern members, but the range boundary between them can occur anywhere over a relatively wide latitudinal zone (e.g. Hughes et al. 2003), and outlier populations of one or the other taxon can occur within the range of its sister. Most taxa with clearly different Sundaic and mainland taxa are closely associated with ‘evergreen’ or semi-evergreen closed canopy forest, which makes the phylogeography of these species relatively easy to understand, however M. muntjak s. l. is generally unlike these in having a very broad habitat usage which includes deciduous open canopy forest formations, as such the exposed Sunda shelf at the height of the Pleistocene presumably provided a link between M. muntjak s. l. on the mainland in southern Indochina with those on northern Borneo. M. vaginalis as used here may thus occur in the Sundas.

During the 2008 review, a number of sources indicated that Red Muntjac was being identified by vocalisation, even in areas where congeners were known or likely to occur. There is no available information on vocal characters of other muntjacs, and how to distinguish different muntjacs by voice, or even whether this is possible. Therefore, such identifications were taken as only indicating the genus." 12914,Mazama rufina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,rufina,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1851)","Pucheran published the first description of M. rufina giving credit to Bourcier and Pucheran. However, Pucheran was the sole author of the publication while Bourcier collected the syntypes. The subspecies described by Cabrera (1961): M. r. bricenii, M. r. nana and M. r. rufina are each a valid species (Czernay 1987)." 12913,Mazama chunyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Mazama,chunyi,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1959","Identifying dwarf Andean deer has always been challenging. First dwarf brockets were confused with Pudu mephistophiles until studied by Hershkovitz (1959, 1982), and the relationship among the northern Andean forms (Mazama bricennii and M. rufina), the Peruvian form (M. chunyi) and other lowland dwarf brockets still needs clarification. To date, new specimens and camera trapping photographs from Bolivia (Yensen et al. 1994, Rumiz et al. 2007) and new specimens and photographs from Peru, provide evidence that the southern Andean form is the same as the M. chunyi originally described by Hershkovitz (1959). No subspecies are recognized." 42189,Muntiacus atherodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,atherodes,,,,,"Groves & Grubb, 1982","This Bornean endemic was described as a new species by Groves and Grubb (1982). Although the species had been recognized as different from the 'typical' M. muntjak of Borneo (then referred to as M. m. rubidus, but this name is antedated by M. m. pleiharicus) for many years (e.g. Van Bemmel 1952), the assumed name for it, M. pleiharicus, had in fact been assigned to a specimen of M. muntjac (Groves and Grubb 1982), hence the need to propose a new name (note that Cervulus pleiharicus Kohlbrugge, 1895 was included as a synonym of this species in previous Red List assessments but is now removed to avoid confusion). There is no question of the validity of M. atherodes as a species, because it has multiple diagnostic features and is widely sympatric with Southern Red Muntjac M. muntjak (Groves and Grubb 1982, 1990); but identification to species, particularly on field views and typical camera-trap photographs, of the two muntjacs on Borneo is difficult, and many observers have therefore considered it sensible to present survey results only as 'muntjac sp(p)'. This caution is far preferable to cavalier identification to species, but it results in a slim information base from which to assess the extinction risk of this species." 4265,Rucervus eldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rucervus,eldii,,,,,"(M'Clelland, 1842)","Most sources before 2005 placed Eld's Deer in the genus Cervus, but Grubb (2005) revived Thomas’s (1918) assignment of the species to Rucervus. However, Pitra et al. (2004) using analysis of mtDNA of many deer taxa demonstrated that placement of Eld's Deer in Cervus had been, in fact, phylogenetically more appropriate; it certainly does not belong in Rucervus (Groves 2006). Placement in the genus Panolia (as used by Pocock 1943) could be an acceptable alternative and was proposed by Groves and Grubb (2011) based on mtDNA analysis of Pitra et al. (2004). Based on the Phylogenetic Species Concept, Groves and Grubb (2011) recognized three ‘species’ of Panolia: P. eldii, P. thamin and P. siamensis supported on the basis of morphological and mtDNA analysis. The species name is often mis-spelt eldi, but the correct original spelling, which must be used today, is eldii.

Phylogeography studies support the recognition of three subspecies (Balakrishnan et al. 2003), with their ranges as follows: R. e. eldii, India; R. e. thamin, Myanmar, westernmost Thailand (Bhumpakphan et al. no date); R. e. siamensis, Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, Thailand (excepting southwestern most; Bhumpakphan et al. no date), Viet Nam.

Validation of, and the ultimate basis of identification of animals for, the various stated distributions of R. e. thamin and R. e. siamensis in Thailand are obscure and have not been researched for this account; such research however is warranted especially in view of the taxonomic status of these two subspecies and in relationship to reintroduction efforts in Thailand.

Although R. e. eldii (Sangai) is apparently very closely related to R. e. thamin based on genetic studies, it has significantly different ecology from other subspecies as well as apparently being the more divergent in morphology (Balakrishnan et al. 2003). The Chinese subpopulation on Hainan island has at times been considered a separate subspecies R. e. hainanus, but there appears to be little to support this stance (Balakrishnan et al. 2003)." 29742,Rangifer tarandus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rangifer,tarandus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The world’s Caribou and Reindeer are classified as a single species Rangifer tarandus. Reindeer is the European name for the species while in North America, the species is known as Caribou. Here we use either name or Rangifer.

Identification of subspecies has changed over time (Banfield 1961, Geist 2007) and currently, Grubb (2005) lists 14 sub-species of which two are extinct: eogroenlandicus and dawsoni, however, the latter may have been an island dwarf form (Byun et al. 2002). In Russia, the use of subspecies differs from Grubb (2005) as angustirostris is recognized but not buskensis (I. Mizin pers. comm.). The subspecies are distinguished largely on skeletal and skull measurements, antler architecture and behaviour. The major groupings of subspecies are Boreal forest, continental tundra and high Arctic island. Based on current abundance, continental tundra caribou are the most numerous (56%) relative to mountain (19%), the forest (14%) and Arctic island (11%).

The current diversity of Rangifer resulted from local adaptations, which followed large-scale changes in distribution as continental glaciations advanced and retreated during the Pleistocene (Yannic et al. 2013). Analyses of mitochondrial and nucleotide DNA reveal that glaciations divided Rangifer into two lineages. The ice sheets were more extensive in North America. Thus, the Euro-Beringia lineage was restricted to Alaska while the North American lineage was restricted to south of the ice sheets. The Euro-Beringia lineage is genetically the most varied and is widely distributed from Eurasia to northwestern America also including Greenland, Svalbard and the Canadian Arctic island archipelagos (Yannic et al. 2013). The second lineage, the North American lineage (essentially woodland caribou), has less genetic variation and a more restricted distribution limited to Newfoundland/Labrador and eastern Canada. After deglaciation about 10,000 years ago, changing distribution during recolonization, secondary contact between the two lineages occurred in central and western Canada (Weckworth et al. 2012, Yannic et al. 2013).

Genetic variability is typically high among the larger migratory herds of migratory tundra Caribou (Zittlau 2004) because the effective population size is large and geographic barriers are largely lacking. Elsewhere in the mountains, genetic variation reveals a complex history influenced by events including ancient volcanic eruptions, founder events, geography and changing abundance and distribution of neighbouring herds (Kuhn et al. 2010, Serrouya et al. 2012). On the arctic islands, genetic variation is reduced because those populations have been through severe reductions in abundance with consequent genetic bottlenecks and genetic drift (Zittlau 2004, Petersen et al. 2010).

Dispersal whether innate or environmental is largely unrecorded in Rangifer except at the scale of genetic migration. DNA analyses have revealed low rates of male-biased genetic flow between neighbouring and geographically dispersed Rangifer (Boulet et al. 2005, Roffler et al. 2012).

The subspecies designations are based on an outdated taxonomy and are inconsistent with current understanding of evolutionary relationships and ecology (Flagstad and Røed 2003, Zittlau 2005, Røed 2005). However, in the context of conservation and management, recognizable and credible ‘conservation units’ or ‘evolutionary significant units’ are essential. In Canada, for example, COSEWIC (2012) assessed all available information to create 12 designatable units to recognize variability in form, ecology and genetics previously combined in four sub-species. We will refer to recognizable conservation units throughout this assessment as these are the basis for estimating abundance. Then we have summed the subspecies or conservation units to assess Rangifer at the species level." 4257,Rucervus duvaucelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rucervus,duvaucelii,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1823)","Most sources during 1945 to 2005 placed the species in the genus Cervus and it is under this genus name that most information is to be found. The species name is often mis-spelt duvauceli, but the correct original spelling, which must be used today, is duvaucelii." 136831,Muntiacus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,montanus,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1918","The muntjac taxon montanus has generally been considered to lie within Muntiacus muntjak (Robinson and Kloss 1918, Chasen 1940, Corbet and Hill 1992, Grubb 2005), although there are reasonable grounds to consider it specifically distinct from that taxon (Robinson and Kloss 1918, C. Groves pers. comm. 2005, R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). It was treated as a distinct species by Miller (1942) on the basis of a single specimen available to him that clearly was not conspecific with Muntiacus muntjak muntjak, which also inhabits Sumatra. He was not able to examine Robinson and Kloss’s specimens and so retained a margin of doubt that his skull was conspecific with the latter. There remain very few validated records of the taxon, which externally is not greatly different from M. muntjak, which together continues to cloud its treatment as a valid species.

As with muntjacs in Borneo (Groves and Grubb 1982), there has doubtless been some confusion and misidentification of Sumatran specimens in past literature. Reviewers including Miller (1942), Van Bemmel (1952), and Groves and Grubb (1990) certainly or apparently had no access to the specimens used to describe the taxon. This may well have led to erroneous views on the taxon’s diagnostic features. The holotype is in the Natural History Museum, London (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008), rather than lost, contrary to Van Bemmel (1952). The degree of misidentification of specimens, if any, can be determined only through thorough re-evaluation of Sumatran muntjac specimens, including those used by previous authors. Further confusion has arisen through suggestions that M. montanus is the Sumatran ‘equivalent’ of Bornean M. atherodes, the two having features in common (formerly mistakenly called M. pleiharicus, which name is now recognised to be the valid name for the race of M. muntjak on Borneo), although the two species show very little similarity in characters that are likely to be taxonomically informative (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). There has also been a pre-eminence awarded by authors such as Van Bemmel (1952) to use of general body pelage, body size and antler size for distinction between the two Sumatran muntjac species, characters which are unlikely to be diagnostic in any way (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). These appear to be the primary characters used by Van Bemmel (1952) when concluding that a specimen from “Tebing Tinggi, lowlands of Deli, East Sumatra … is more or less intermediate between [M. m. muntjak and M. montanus]…” and “proof that M. m. montanus cannot be regarded as a good species”. Van Bemmel (1952) mentions nothing of the large size of the preorbital fossa, identified by Miller (1942), or specific details about the crown pelage of females, both likely to be main diagnostic characteristics of the species (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008, neither character were mentioned by Groves and Grubb 1990)." 4274,Rusa marianna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rusa,marianna,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)","First described from introduced populations on Guam in the Mariannas Islands, and subsequently relegated as a regional variant of the widely distributed Sambar (C. unicolor), Cervus mariannus was not formally recognized as a separate, endemic and highly distinct species within the subgenus Rusa until 1983 (Grubb and Groves 1983). The latter authors also placed this species and the closely related C. alfredi within the subgenus Rusa, whilst subsequent reviews of the systematic relationships and phylogeny of southeast Asian deer by Meijaard and Groves (2004) and Pitra et al. (2004) resulted in the revival of the genus Rusa and reallocation of both marianna and alfredi to this genus.

There are four described subspecies: Rusa m. marianna from Luzon and associated islands, R. m. barandana from Mindoro; R. m. nigella from various and disjunct upland sites on Mindanao; and R. m. nigricans from various lowland sites on Mindanao and the adjacent island of Basilan. However, the systematic (and distributional) relationships of the latter two forms are not clearly understood at the present time, especially as deer from Mindanao tend to be highly variable in body size (e.g. these two subspecies embrace both the smallest and largest deer from the Philippines; W. Oliver pers. obs.), pelage colour and other characters; whereas some other (seemingly distinct, and now isolated populations from other islands within the ‘Greater Mindanao Faunal Region’ (e.g. light coloured deer from Leyte Island; C.R. Cox, unpubl.) have yet to be described." 4273,Rusa alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rusa,alfredi,,,,,"Sclater, 1870","Long overlooked as an obscure and poorly known regional variant of the widely distributed Sambar (Rusa unicolor), Rusa alfredi was not formally recognized as a separate, endemic and highly distinct species until 1983 (Grubb and Groves 1983). Subsequent reviews of the systematic relationships and phylogeny of Southeast Asian Deer by Meijaard and Groves (2004) and Pitra et al. (2004) resulted in the transfer of this species from the genus Cervus to the genus Rusa.

The populations from Panay and Negros have not been studied for taxonomic differences, but they have been separated for thousands of years and are currently managed separately." 9416,Gracilinanus aceramarcae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Gracilinanus,aceramarcae,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)", 9418,Gracilinanus dryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Gracilinanus,dryas,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 9417,Gracilinanus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Gracilinanus,agilis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1854)","This species is treated as being monotypic pending revision (Gardner 2005). Costa et al. (2003) detailed differences between G. agilis and G. microtarsus, two taxa that Gardner (1993) suggested could prove conspecific." 9420,Gracilinanus marica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Gracilinanus,marica,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 136392,Monodelphis reigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,reigi,,,,,"Lew & Pérez-Hernández, 2004", 13694,Monodelphis emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,emiliae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)", 13693,Monodelphis dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,dimidiata,,,,,"(Wagner, 1847)","Populations from southern Brazil and Northeastern Argentina usually assigned to M. sorex, are now placed under synonymy with M. dimidiata (Vilela et al. 2010, Solari 2010). M. dimidiata is the type species of the genus name Peramys Lesson 1842, by subsequent designation and of Minuania Cabrera 1919, by original designation, same as M. sorex being the type species of Monodelphiops Matschie 1916. Because of synonymy of these two species names, all three genus names become synonyms too; with Peramys being the senior one (see Solari 2010). At this time, Peramys is a junior synonym (or subgenus) of Monodelphis." 13696,Monodelphis kunsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,kunsi,,,,,"Pine, 1975", 51343071,Monodelphis adusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,adusta,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)","The former composition of the species (Gardner 2005, Pine and Handley 2008) has been restricted and now M. peruviana is considered a distinct species found south of the Amazon River, in Perú and Bolivia. The subspecies melanops, restricted to the western side of the Andes might represent a distinct species (Solari 2007, Solari et al. 2013)." 13698,Monodelphis osgoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,osgoodi,,,,,"Doutt, 1938", 40513,Monodelphis brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,brevicaudata,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)", 13703,Monodelphis unistriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,unistriata,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)", 136404,Monodelphis ronaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,ronaldi,,,,,"Solari, 2004", 136516,Monodelphis palliolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,palliolata,,,,,"(Osgood, 1914)",This species was recently split from Monodelphis brevicaudata (Gardner 2005). 136626,Thylamys venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,venustus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)", 40517,Thylamys elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,elegans,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)",This species is currently under taxonomic review. Records previously described from Peru are a different species. 199834,Thylamys pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,pulchellus,,,,,"(Cabrera, 1934)","This species was previously considered as T. pusillus. A recent study (Teta et al. 2009) demonstrated genetic and morphological differences with T. pusillus (sensu stricto). Morphological differences with T. pusillus were also discussed by Martin (2008)." 201936,Thylamys pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,pusillus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)","Thylamys pusillus was recently revised by Teta et al. (2009) and two new species (T. citellus and T. pulchellus) were split off from the original concept; the remaining entity has a much more restricted geographic distribution." 199836,Thylamys fenestrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,fenestrae,,,,,"Martin, 2009","This species was recently elevated to species level, based in morphology. Specimens assigned to this taxon were previously included in Thylamys pallidior. It was recognized as full species by Martin (2009) on morphological and morphometrical grounds, although considered as part of T. pallidior by Giarla et al. (2010) based on molecular data. Later, Formoso et al. (2011) documented that morphological characters supposedly diagnostic of fenestrae falls within the range variation of T. pallidior." 199835,Thylamys citellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,citellus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)","This species was recently elevated to species level based in genetics and morphology (Teta et al. 2009). Such populations were previously considered under T. pusillus. Morphological differences with T. pusillus were also discussed by Martin (2008)." 136243,Thylamys tatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,tatei,,,,,"(Handley, 1957)", 51343307,Thylamys cinderella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,cinderella,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)","Following Braun et al. (2005), Thylamys cinderella now includes T. sponsorius as a synonym." 21867,Thylamys macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,macrurus,,,,,"(Olfers, 1818)", 4671,Chironectes minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Chironectes,minimus,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)", 13296,Marmosa alstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,alstoni,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1900)","All species of Micoureus are now considered as subgenus of Marmosa (Voss and Jansa 2009)." 40504,Marmosa mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,mexicana,,,,,"Merriam, 1897","Traditionally consisting of four subspecies, one (M. zeledoni) has been recently recognized as a distinct species (Voss et al. 2014)." 136508,Marmosa quichua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,quichua,,,,,"Thomas, 1899", 12814,Marmosa lepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,lepida,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)", 40506,Marmosa robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,robinsoni,,,,,"Bangs, 1898","This represents a species complex of possibly three or four separate species (S. Solari pers. comm.). The specimens from Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador may be Marmosa mexicana. There is confusion about the taxonomy of these specimens (F. Reid pers. comm.)." 12816,Marmosa tyleriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,tyleriana,,,,,"Tate, 1931", 40507,Marmosa rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,rubra,,,,,"Tate, 1931", 12812,Marmosa andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,andersoni,,,,,"Pine, 1972",This species was recently reviewed by Solari and Pine (2008). 13297,Marmosa constantiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,constantiae,,,,,"O. Thomas, 1904","All species of Micoureus are now considered as subgenus of Marmosa (Voss and Jansa 2009)." 136244,Marmosa phaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,phaea,,,,,"O. Thomas, 1899","All species of Micoureus are now considered as subgenus of Marmosa (Voss and Jansa 2009)." 40503,Lutreolina crassicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Lutreolina,crassicaudata,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)","To date considered as the only species in the genus. However, the disjunct populations from northern South America (turneri) could represents a distinct species." 136547,Chacodelphys formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Chacodelphys,formosa,,,,,"(Shamel, 1930)",Gardner (1993) listed Marmosa formosa as a synonym of Gracilinanus agilis. Voss et al. (2004) re-evaluated the holotype and only known specimen of M. formosa and transferred the species to its own monotypic genus (Chacodelphys) (Pinto and Gardner 2004). 3650,Caluromys derbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Caluromys,derbianus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1841", 40502,Didelphis virginiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Didelphis,virginiana,,,,,"Kerr, 1792", 136592,Didelphis imperfecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Didelphis,imperfecta,,,,,"Mondolfi & Pérez-Hernández, 1984","This form was split from Didelphis albiventris based on morphological data (Lemos and Cerqueira 2002, Ventura et al. 2002). Unpublished data suggests that this is not a distinct species (J. Patton pers. comm.)." 136395,Didelphis pernigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Didelphis,pernigra,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1900",This species was formerly considered part of Didelphis albiventris (see Lemos and Cerqueira 2002). 40516,Philander opossum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Philander,opossum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species needs taxonomic revision. 136202,Philander mondolfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Philander,mondolfii,,,,,"Lew, Pérez-Hernández & Ventura, 2006",This species includes two separate ranges that may represent distinct subspecies (D. Lew pers. comm.). 136375,Philander frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Philander,frenatus,,,,,"Olfers, 1818","Previously considered as a subspecies of P. opossum. " 199832,Philander olrogi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Philander,olrogi,,,,,"Flores, Barquez & Diaz, 2008 ","Philander olrogi was recently described based in few specimens collected in 1974 in Beni and Santa Cruz Deparment in Bolivia, and in Loreto, Peru (Flores et al. 2008)." 136227,Philander deltae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Philander,deltae,,,,,"Lew, Pérez-Hernández & Ventura, 2006", 12813,Tlacuatzin canescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Tlacuatzin,canescens,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1893", 41320,Cryptonanus ignitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Cryptonanus,ignitus,,,,,"(Díaz, Flores & Barquez, 2002)","Díaz et al. (2002) described Gracilinanus ignitus as a new species. Voss et al. (2005) described a new genus, Cryptonanus, and transferred G. ignitus to this new genus." 136845,Cryptonanus chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Cryptonanus,chacoensis,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)","In the original description was named Marmosa agilis chacoensis Tate, 1931. A new name combination and synonymy, Marmosa (Thylamys) agilis agilis, was proposed by Cabrera, 1958. Gardner and Creighton, 1989 gave a new name combination, Gracilinanus agilis. Voss et al. (2005) described a new genus, Cryptonanus, and transferred Gracilinanus agilis to this new genus, and renamed the taxon as C. chacoensis." 136803,Marmosops creightoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,creightoni,,,,,"Voss, Tarifa & Yensen, 2004", 136296,Marmosops bishopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,bishopi,,,,,"(Pine, 1981)", 136364,Marmosops juninensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,juninensis,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)", 136573,Marmosops pinheiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,pinheiroi,,,,,"(Pine, 1981)", 136842,Marmosops ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,ocellatus,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)", 89333331,Marmosops impavidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,impavidus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1845","The specimens collected in Panama, Central America are now considered to be junior synonyms of M. robinsoni (F. Reid pers. comm.). Recently, a taxonomic revision of Colombian specimens (Díaz-N. et al. 2011) revealed that M. caucae, considered a subspecies or synonym of M. impavidus, is actually a valid taxon name for the Colombian and Venezuelan populations." 12817,Marmosops cracens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,cracens,,,,,"(Handley & Gordon, 1979)", 12819,Marmosops fuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,fuscatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1896", 12820,Marmosops handleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,handleyi,,,,,"(Pine, 1981)", 9245,Glironia venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Glironia,venusta,,,,,"Thomas, 1912", 41507,Lestoros inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PAUCITUBERCULATA,CAENOLESTIDAE,Lestoros,inca,,,,,"(Thomas, 1917)", 40522,Caenolestes convelatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PAUCITUBERCULATA,CAENOLESTIDAE,Caenolestes,convelatus,,,,,"Anthony, 1924", 41506,Caenolestes fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PAUCITUBERCULATA,CAENOLESTIDAE,Caenolestes,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Tomes, 1863)", 40521,Caenolestes caniventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PAUCITUBERCULATA,CAENOLESTIDAE,Caenolestes,caniventer,,,,,"Anthony, 1921", 136743,Caenolestes condorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PAUCITUBERCULATA,CAENOLESTIDAE,Caenolestes,condorensis,,,,,"Albuja & Patterson, 1996", 6834,Dromiciops gliroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MICROBIOTHERIA,MICROBIOTHERIIDAE,Dromiciops,gliroides,,,,,"Thomas, 1894","The genus Dromiciops includes only one living species, D. gliroides (Marshall 1978). Dromiciops is considered a living fossil form because it is the sole representative of an extinct lineage, the microbiotheres. It belongs to a monotypic Order (Microbiotheria), which is most closely related to Australian marsupials than to any living South American species." 136658,Cuscomys oblativa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Cuscomys,oblativa,,,,,"(Eaton, 1916)", 136466,Cuscomys ashaninka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Cuscomys,ashaninka,,,,,"Emmons, 1999", 136546,Abrocoma vaccarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,vaccarum,,,,,"Thomas, 1921",Previously considered a subspecies of A. cinerea (Ellerman 1940) but was recognized as distinct by Braun and Mares (2002). 18,Abrocoma boliviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,boliviensis,,,,,"Glanz & Anderson, 1990", 42656,Abrocoma bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,bennettii,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1837",Subspecies: Abrocoma bennettii bennettii and Abrocoma b. murrayi (Patton and Emmons 2015) 136525,Abrocoma shistacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,shistacea,,,,,"Thomas, 1921",Previously considered a subspecies of A. cinerea (Ellerman 1940) but was recognized as distinct by Braun and Mares (2002). 136367,Abrocoma famatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,famatina,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",Previously considered a subspecies of A. cinerea (Ellerman 1940) but was recognized as distinct by Braun and Mares (2002). 42657,Abrocoma cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,cinerea,,,,,"Thomas, 1919","Ellerman (1940) included Abrocoma budini, A. famatina, A. schistacea, and A. vaccarum as subspecies of A. cinerea, but Braun and Mares (2002) recognized each as a distinct species." 136334,Abrocoma budini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,budini,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",Ellerman (1940) considered A. budini a subspecies of A. cinerea but Braun and Mares (2002) recognized it as a distinct species. 136302,Abrocoma uspallata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ABROCOMIDAE,Abrocoma,uspallata,,,,,"Braun & Mares, 2002", 1551,Anomalurus pelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ANOMALURIDAE,Anomalurus,pelii,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1845)","Schunke and Hutterer (2005) and Kingdon (2013) identified three subspecies separated by the Sassandra and Bandama Rivers: A. p. auzembergeri, from eastern Liberia and extreme western Côte d'Ivoire, west of the Sassandra River; A. p. pelii from Ghana and eastern Côte d'Ivoire, east of the Bandama River; and the newly described A. p. peralbus from the Côte d'Ivoire, between the Bandama and Sassandra Rivers." 44857,Anomalurus beecrofti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ANOMALURIDAE,Anomalurus,beecrofti,,,,,"Fraser, 1853","Transferred from Anomalurus to Anomalurops. This species has been separated from the other large anomalures in the genus Anomalurops (Matschie 1914, Rümmler 1933, Dekeyser 1955, Rosevear 1969) on the basis of the following characters: the relatively short tail which is short-haired and narrow with only a very small brush at the tip, a small white spot medially on the crown between the ears (in some individuals), and only three depressions on each upper molar tooth. And see Grubb et al. 1998." 1553,Anomalurus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ANOMALURIDAE,Anomalurus,pusillus,,,,,"Thomas, 1887", 23204,Zenkerella insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ANOMALURIDAE,Zenkerella,insignis,,,,,"Matschie, 1898", 10796,Idiurus zenkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ANOMALURIDAE,Idiurus,zenkeri,,,,,"Matschie, 1894", 10794,Idiurus macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ANOMALURIDAE,Idiurus,macrotis,,,,,"Miller, 1898", 5752,Fukomys bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,bocagei,,,,,"(de Winton, 1897)", 5751,Fukomys zechi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,zechi,,,,,"(Matschie, 1900)","A specimen from Sudan in the British Museum has been allocated to this species, but is probably Fukomys ochraceocinereus. The species was elevated to species level by Honeycutt et al. (1991)." 44858,Fukomys anselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,anselli,,,,,"(Burda, Zima, Scharff, Macholán & Kawalika, 1999)","This species can only be differentiated from other Fukomys species on chromosomal and molecular grounds and is closely related to F. kafuensis and F. micklemi with only 1.4% divergence on the cytochrome b gene between these three species (Ingram et al. 2004, Van Daele et al. 2007)" 5757,Fukomys ochraceocinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,ochraceocinereus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1864)", 44860,Fukomys darlingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,darlingi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)","Considered a distinct species from C. hottentous (Aguilar 1993, Faulkes et al. 1997)" 5754,Fukomys foxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,foxi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",Considered a distinct species by Honeycutt et al. (1991). 44861,Fukomys kafuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,kafuensis,,,,,"(Burda, Zima, Scharff, Macholán & Kawalika, 1999)",This species is closely related to Fukomys anselli and F. micklemi with only 1.4% divergence on the cytochrome b gene between these three species (Ingram et al. 2004; Van Daele et al. 2007). 5753,Fukomys damarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,damarensis,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1838)","South Africa
Although originally included in the genus Cryptomys, molecular phylogenies based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genes suggest that the species is evolutionary divergent from other Cryptomys species (Faulkes et al. 2004). Thus the species has been assigned to the genus Fukomys." 5756,Fukomys mechowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,mechowii,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)", 2619,Bathyergus janetta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Bathyergus,janetta,,,,,"Thomas & Schwann, 1904","Although previously regarded as only subspecifically diverse from the Cape Dune Mole-rat, B. suillus (Ellerman et al. 1953), the Namaqua Dune Mole-rat is now generally regarded as a distinct species (De Graaff 1981). Although no formal subspecies are recognised, there is considerable geographical variation in size and colour that may indicate coastal (smaller and paler) and inland (larger and black with silvery flanks) subspecies (Jarvis 2013)." 3621,Calomyscus mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,mystax,,,,,"Kashkarov, 1925", 3623,Calomyscus urartensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,urartensis,,,,,"Vorontsov & Kartavseva, 1979", 13216,Mesocapromys auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Mesocapromys,auritus,,,,,"(Varona, 1970)", 13215,Mesocapromys angelcabrerai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Mesocapromys,angelcabrerai,,,,,"(Varona, 1979)", 13218,Mesocapromys sanfelipensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Mesocapromys,sanfelipensis,,,,,"(Varona & Garrido, 1970)", 9001,Geocapromys brownii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Geocapromys,brownii,,,,,"(J. Fischer, 1830)", 9002,Geocapromys ingrahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Geocapromys,ingrahami,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1891)",Capromys is a generic synonym of Geocapromys. 9003,Geocapromys thoracatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Geocapromys,thoracatus,,,,,"(True, 1888)",Was previously considered a subspecies of Geocapromys brownii. 9004,Geocapromys columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Geocapromys,columbianus,,,,,"(J. Fischer, 1829)","According to Woods in Wilson and reeder (1993) columbianus is only know from Holocene fossils from Cuba and may be from the genus Capromys. G. Amori (pers. comm. 2001) advises retaining this species, agreeing with MacPhee and Flemming (1999)." 10860,Isolobodon portoricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Isolobodon,portoricensis,,,,,"Allen, 1916", 10859,Isolobodon montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Isolobodon,montanus,,,,,"(Miller, 1922)", 10034,Hexolobodon phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Hexolobodon,phenax,,,,,"Miller, 1929", 14256,Mysateles melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Mysateles,melanurus,,,,,"(Poey, 1865)","Based on the work of Woods et al. (2001), Woods and Kilpatrick (2005, p. 1596)  argued that ""Mysateles was paraphyletic and that the affinities of melanurus are with taxa of the genus Mesocapromys rather than with Mysateles"". This designation is not widely accepted (e.g., Silva Taboada et al. 2007), hence this species is treated here under Mysateles." 17462,Plagiodontia ipnaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Plagiodontia,ipnaeum,,,,,"Johnson, 1948","Plagiodontia velozi was listed in 1996 as Extinct is considered to be a synonym of P. ipnaeum (see Novak 1999, Woods in Wilson and Reeder 1993)." 4003,Castor canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CASTORIDAE,Castor,canadensis,,,,,"Kuhl, 1820", 4066,Cavia magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Cavia,magna,,,,,"Ximinez, 1980", 4065,Cavia fulgida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Cavia,fulgida,,,,,"Wagler, 1831", 4068,Cavia tschudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Cavia,tschudii,,,,,"Fitzinger, 1867", 136520,Cavia intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Cavia,intermedia,,,,,"Cherem, Olimpio & Ximenez, 1999", 86257782,Cavia aperea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Cavia,aperea,,,,,"Erxleben, 1777","Seven subspecies are recognized (Lacher 2016): C. a. anolaimae J. A. Allen, 1916 – High elevations of the Cordillera Central in Colombia and the Mérida Andes and Cordillera Central in Venezuela. C. a. aperea Erxleben, 1777 – Eastern Brazil. C. a. guianae Thomas, 1901 – Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela and Amazonian Colombia. C. a. hypoleuca Cabrera, 1953 – Paraguay and northern Argentina. C. a. nana Thomas, 1917 – eastern slope of the Andes and Yungas forests of central Bolivia. C. a. pamparum Thomas, 1901 – southern Brazil Uruguay and eastern Argentina. C. a. rosida Thomas, 1917 – the Serra do Mar region of the state of Paraná, Brazil." 8825,Galea spixii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Galea,spixii,,,,,"(Wagler, 1831)","

There are three recognized subspecies (Lacher 2016):

G. s. palustris Thomas, 1911 – northeasten Brazil, south of the Amazon River.

G. s. spixii Wagler, 1831 – eastern Brazil with the western limits undefined.

G. s. wellsi Osgood, 1915 – northeastern Brazil.


" 8823,Galea flavidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Galea,flavidens,,,,,"(Brandt, 1835)", 86226097,Galea musteloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Galea,musteloides,,,,,"Meyen, 1833","Galea monasteriensis is now a subspecies of G. musteloides. There are three recognized subspecies: G. m. auceps Thomas, 1911 – south of Lake Titicaca in La Paz Department, Bolivia into Puno Department, Peru. G. m. boliviensis Waterhouse, 1848 – eastern Bolivian altiplano. This subspecies includes G. monasteriensis. G. m. musteloides Meyen, 1833 – Andean Altiplano, northeastern Chile, western Bolivia, southwestern Peru." 13321,Microcavia shiptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Microcavia,shiptoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1925)", 13320,Microcavia niata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Microcavia,niata,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)","

There are two recognized subspecies (Lacher in press).

M. n. niata Thomas, 1898 – Border region of southwestern La Paz, Bolivia and northwestern Oruro, Chile.

M. n. pallidior Thomas, 1902 – Oruro and Potosí departments, Bolivia.

 

" 13319,Microcavia australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Microcavia,australis,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy & d’Orbigny, 1833)","

There are three recognized subspecies.

M. a. australis I. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and d’Orbigny, 1833 – Southern Buenos Aires province west to San Juan and south to Santa Cruz province

M. a. maenas Thomas, 1898 – Mountainous regions of La Rioja, Catamarca, Salta and Jujuy provinces in northwestern Argentina.

M. a. salinia Thomas, 1921 – salt flat regions of Catamarca and La Rioja, southwestern Santiago del Estero, northwestern Córdoba to northern San Luis, all in Argentina" 136277,Hydrochoerus isthmius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Hydrochoerus,isthmius,,,,,"Goldman, 1912",This was recognized as a distinct species by Mones (1991). There is taxonomic confusion about distributional boundaries. Also known as Hydrochoeris isthmius. 10300,Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Hydrochoerus,hydrochaeris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Also known as Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris. 136222,Kerodon acrobata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Kerodon,acrobata,,,,,"Moojen, Locks & Langguth, 1997", 10988,Kerodon rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Kerodon,rupestris,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1825", 6785,Dolichotis patagonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Dolichotis,patagonum,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)",Generic synonym Pediolagus. 6786,Dolichotis salinicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Dolichotis,salinicola,,,,,"Burmeister, 1876",This species was formerly included in Pediolagus. 11148,Lagidium viscacia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CHINCHILLIDAE,Lagidium,viscacia,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","In Bolivia, there are three subspecies; further taxonomic review is needed to confirm whether these should be considered to be distinct species (N. Bernal pers. comm.). Lagidium peruanum is now grouped with L. viscacia." 4651,Chinchilla chinchilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CHINCHILLIDAE,Chinchilla,chinchilla,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1829)","This species was previously referred to as Chinchilla brevicaudata, but is now recognized as Chinchilla chinchilla (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005)." 8548,Felovia vae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENODACTYLIDAE,Felovia,vae,,,,,"Lataste, 1886", 12855,Massoutiera mzabi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENODACTYLIDAE,Massoutiera,mzabi,,,,,"(Lataste, 1881)", 5795,Ctenomys argentinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,argentinus,,,,,"Conterras & Berry, 1982","This is a monotypic species (Bidau 2015)." 5797,Ctenomys azarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,azarae,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 5799,Ctenomys bonettoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,bonettoi,,,,,"Contreras & Berry, 1982","Ctenomys bonettoi is very similar to mendocinus and haigi based on isozymes (Sage et al. 1986a); the species needs taxonomic clarification. This species is monotypic. The karyotype shares many affinities to that of Ctenomys yolandae, and appears closely related based on molecular sequences (Bidau 2015)." 136234,Ctenomys dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,dorbignyi,,,,,"Contreras & Contreras, 1984","There are taxonomic concerns regarding this species (Bidau pers. comm.). See Wilson and Reeder (2005) for a full synopsis. This species is monotypic. There is some incongruence between C. dorbignyi, C. perrensis, and C. roigi, because of the high instances of hybridization among populations as well as species (de Freitas 2016)." 5800,Ctenomys brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,brasiliensis,,,,,"Blainville, 1826",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 5801,Ctenomys colburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,colburni,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1903","This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 5802,Ctenomys conoveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,conoveri,,,,,"Osgood, 1946","Cabrera (1961), based on Osgood (1946), placed this form in a separate subgenus Chacomys, as did Nowak (1999). Recognition of this monotypic subgenus is not supported by allozymes (Cook and Yates 1994) or sequence analysis (Lessa and Cook 1998)." 5803,Ctenomys dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,dorsalis,,,,,"Thomas, 1900",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 5804,Ctenomys emilianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,emilianus,,,,,"Thomas & St. Leger, 1926",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 5806,Ctenomys fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,fulvus,,,,,"Philippi, 1860","The two subspecies of C. fulvus are C.f. fulvus and C.f. robustus (de Freitas 2016)." 136633,Ctenomys roigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,roigi,,,,,"Contreras, 1988", 136499,Ctenomys fochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,fochi,,,,,"Thomas, 1919","Included in mendocinus by Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993), but Galliari et al. (1996) indicated that neither make a case for its synonymy. This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 5807,Ctenomys haigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,haigi,,,,,"Thomas, 1917","This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 5808,Ctenomys knighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,knighti,,,,,"Thomas, 1919",Cabrera (1961) believed viperinus synonymous with knighti. This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 136635,Ctenomys rionegrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,rionegrensis,,,,,"Langguth & Abella, 1970","This species is distinct from Ctenomys minutus (Bidau 2015)." 5810,Ctenomys leucodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,leucodon,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1848","This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 5809,Ctenomys latro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,latro,,,,,"Thomas, 1918","This species is monotypic (de Freitas 2016)." 5812,Ctenomys magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,magellanicus,,,,,"Bennett, 1836","The five subspecies of Ctenomys magellanicus are: C. m. dicki, C. m. magellanicus, C. m. fueginus, C. m. osgoodi, and C. m. obscurus (de Freitas 2016)." 5811,Ctenomys lewisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,lewisi,,,,,"Thomas, 1926","This species is monotypic (de Freitas 2016)." 5813,Ctenomys maulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,maulinus,,,,,"Philippi, 1872","The two subspecies of C. maulinus are C.m. brunneus and C.m. maulinus (de Freitas 2016)." 136370,Ctenomys pundti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,pundti,,,,,"Nehring, 1920","Included in Ctenomys mendocinus by Cabrera (1961). This species forms a paraphyletic group with C. talarum (Parada et al. 2011)." 5815,Ctenomys minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,minutus,,,,,"Nehring, 1887",There may be more than one species within what is currently considered to be C. minutus (Anderson 1997). Freitas (1995) suggested that specimens described as C. minutus from Bolivia represent a different species. Bidau (2015) regards this species as monotypic. 5818,Ctenomys opimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,opimus,,,,,"Wagner, 1848","The limits of this species need to be reexamined, especially with respect to the species C. fulvus; it may be a species complex (B. Patterson pers. comm.)." 5817,Ctenomys occultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,occultus,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",This species was revised by Reig et al. (1966); but also see Cabrera (1961) who included it in mendocinus. 5820,Ctenomys perrensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,perrensi,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 5819,Ctenomys pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,pearsoni,,,,,"Lessa & Langguth, 1983", 5822,Ctenomys pontifex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,pontifex,,,,,"Thomas, 1918",There are many taxonomic issues. Pearson and Lagiglia (1992) noted that C. pontifex may be a synonym of maulinus. Bidau (2015) regards this species as monotypic. 5821,Ctenomys peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,peruanus,,,,,"Sanborn & Pearson, 1947", 5824,Ctenomys saltarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,saltarius,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 5823,Ctenomys porteousi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,porteousi,,,,,"Thomas, 1916", 5827,Ctenomys steinbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,steinbachi,,,,,"Thomas, 1907","This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 136390,Ctenomys osvaldoreigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,osvaldoreigi,,,,,"Contreras, 1995", 5828,Ctenomys talarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,talarum,,,,,"Thomas, 1898","Ctenomys talarum includes three recognized subspecies (Justo et al. 2003): C. t. talarum Thomas, C. t. antonii Thomas, and C. t. occidentalis Justo. Reig et al. (1966:299) (Bidau 2015)." 5825,Ctenomys sericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,sericeus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1903","A sister species of C. fodax and C. coyhaiquensis. It is a part of the magellanicus group (Parada et al. 2011)." 5826,Ctenomys sociabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,sociabilis,,,,,"Pearson & Christie, 1985",This species is not included in Redford and Eisenberg (1992). 5831,Ctenomys tucumanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,tucumanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1900",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 5832,Ctenomys validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,validus,,,,,"Contreras, Roig & Suzarte, 1977",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 5830,Ctenomys tuconax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,tuconax,,,,,"Thomas, 1925",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 136281,Ctenomys johannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,johannis,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","Originally described as a subspecies of coludo by Thomas (1921) but Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993) included coludo and johannis in fulvus. Contreras et al. (1977) considered these forms provisionally distinct and Nowak (1999) and Galliari et al. (1996) considered johannis a distinct species. This species is monotypic (de Freitas 2016)." 136758,Ctenomys viperinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,viperinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1926",Cabrera (1961) considers viperinus synonymous with knighti but Galliari et al. (1996) listed it as a distinct species. 136289,Ctenomys pilarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,pilarensis,,,,,"Contreras, 1993", 136295,Ctenomys coyhaiquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,coyhaiquensis,,,,,"Kelt & Gallardo, 1994",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 136568,Ctenomys scagliai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,scagliai,,,,,"Contreras, 1999",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 136567,Ctenomys lami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,lami,,,,,"Freitas, 2001", 136308,Ctenomys coludo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,coludo,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 136556,Ctenomys juris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,juris,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 136687,Ctenomys bergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,bergi,,,,,"Thomas, 1902",This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015). 136681,Ctenomys yolandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,yolandae,,,,,"Contreras & Berry, 1984","The name of this species, Ctenomys “yolandae” appeared only in a short abstract and a formal designation of a holotype, diagnosis, and description has yet to be published. The name “yolandae” thus does not meet the criteria established by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999:Art. 8) and is appropriately regarded as nomen nudum. A proper description of this species is needed to validate the name (Bidau 2015)." 136601,Ctenomys fodax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,fodax,,,,,"Thomas, 1910","Included in magellanicus by Osgood (1943). Karyotype has 2n = 28 and FN = 42 (Reig et al. 1992). Reig et al. (1992) suggested that a specimen with this karyotype reported by Gallardo (1991) as Ctenomys sp. (aff. colburni) from Chile Chico on the west shore of General Carrera Lake (46°32'S, 71°45'W) was actually fodax (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 136607,Ctenomys goodfellowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,goodfellowi,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","Considered a subspecies of boliviensis by Cabrera (1961) and by Woods (1993). Cook and Yates (1994) noted that taxon is distinct from boliviensis at the species level and Anderson (1997) recognized it as a distinct species. The validity of this species is still in discussion. Considered by some authors to be its own distinct species; however, it was not recognized in a recent report concerning Ctenomys species from Bolivia (de Freitas 2016)." 136464,Ctenomys flamarioni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,flamarioni,,,,,"Travi, 1981","This species is monotypic (de Freitas 2016)." 136588,Ctenomys famosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,famosus,,,,,"Thomas, 1920","Recognized as a subspecies of fulvus by Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993), but considered provisionally distinct by Contreras et al. (1977) and Galliari et al. (1996) recognized it as distinct. C. famosus has been suggested to be a subspecies of both C. coludo and C. fulvus, but is considered monotypic currently. The karyotype is unknown (Bidau 2015)." 136826,Ctenomys tulduco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,tulduco,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","Included in fulvus by Cabrera (1961), but considered provisionally distinct by Contreras et al. (1977) and listed as a distinct species by Galliari et al. (1996)." 699,Cuniculus paca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CUNICULIDAE,Cuniculus,paca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Formerly Agouti paca. 700,Cuniculus taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CUNICULIDAE,Cuniculus,taczanowskii,,,,,"(Stolzmann, 1865)",Previously as Agouti taczanowskii. May be conspecific with Cunuculus sierrae analysis of morphological and molecular data is necessary to determine this (Voss 2003). 6283,Dasyprocta kalinowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,kalinowskii,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","This distinction of this species from other Dasyprocta needs to be reviewed; this may affect the distribution of this species. The type locality is from a high elevation, and possibly all other records are confused with other species (B. Patterson pers. comm.)." 89497102,Dasyprocta leporina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,leporina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) “forest near the boarding-school Peninika, near the confluence of the Peninika Creek and the upper Commewijnw River” Commonwealth District, Suriname. There is considerable variation in color over the back and flanks of D. leporina, and multiple subspecies have been recognized in limited parts of the species range, including cayana and flavescens.  This classification requires a comprehensive study of geographic variation.  Previously named D. aguti.  Monotypic. 

" 6281,Dasyprocta fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,fuliginosa,,,,,"Wagler, 1832", 6282,Dasyprocta guamara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,guamara,,,,,"Ojasti, 1972", 6287,Dasyprocta ruatanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,ruatanica,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",This species needs taxonomic review (Emmons pers. comm.). 6286,Dasyprocta prymnolopha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,prymnolopha,,,,,"Wagler, 1831", 6279,Dasyprocta coibae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,coibae,,,,,"Thomas, 1902", 6278,Dasyprocta azarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,azarae,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823","Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823 “E província San. Paulo [=São Paulo] Brasil.”  Cabrera listed three subspecies, including the nominotypical form (with caudata Lund and aurea Cope as synonyms), catrinae Thomas, and paraguayensis Thomas.  Anderson 1997 listed two subspecies,  boliviae  Thomas and yungarum Thomas, which we assign to azarae.  Iack-Ximenes 1999 regarded aurea Cope and  catrinae Thomas as valid species.  Due to lack of comprehensive review of character variation between these species, we assign them to azarae.  Monotypic." 136663,Myoprocta pratti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Myoprocta,pratti,,,,,"(Pocock, 1913)","Considerable variation in color and mensural characteristics exist over the range of this species, suggesting that M. pratti may be a complex of closely related taxa worthy of recognition at the species level.  Further character analyses within coherent geographic units are required to determine the validity of recognizing multiple species within M. pratti." 14100,Myoprocta acouchy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Myoprocta,acouchy,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)",

M. exilis is a synonym of M. acouchy.  The validity of M. a. acouchy versus M. a. exilis has yet to be tested by analyses of any type of character set.  Monotypic.

 

136474,Laonastes aenigmamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIATOMYIDAE,Laonastes,aenigmamus,,,,,"Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005","Originally placed in the family Laonastidae, this species is now assigned to the family Diatomyidae, which was previously represented only by species identified from the fossil record. It has been suggested that the genus might comprise multiple taxa, potentially species (Nicolas et al. 2012); if so, it is quite likely that one or more taxa will have a tiny range within which all its habitat is threatened." 6608,Dinomys branickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DINOMYIDAE,Dinomys,branickii,,,,,"Peters, 1873", 7995,Eremodipus lichtensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Eremodipus,lichtensteini,,,,,"(Vinogradov, 1927)", 19866,Salpingotulus michaelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Salpingotulus,michaelis,,,,,"(Fitzgibbon, 1966)","Pavlinov (1980) placed this taxon under genus Salpingotulus, later Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) included it under Salpingotus Vinogradov, 1922; a trend that was also followed by Corbet and Hill (1992), and Holden (1993). Salpingotulus is recognized here as a separate monophyletic group pending further phylogenetic analysis (Holden and Musser 2005). Salpingotus thomasi is treated here as being conspecific." 21101,Stylodipus andrewsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Stylodipus,andrewsi,,,,,"Allen, 1925",Many authors include Stylodipus andrewsi in S. telum (Smith and Xie 2008). The genus Scirtopoda is incorrectly used for this species (Holden and Musser 2005). 21102,Stylodipus sungorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Stylodipus,sungorus,,,,,"Sokolov & Shenbrot, 1987","Further research is needed to elucidate the relationship between Stylodipus sungorus, S. andrewsi and S. telum (Holden and Musser 2005). The genus Scirtopoda is incorrectly used for this species (Holden and Musser 2005)." 21103,Stylodipus telum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Stylodipus,telum,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823","Includes five subspecies, two of which are distributed in Europe: S. t. falz-feini Brauner, 1913 (lower reaches of left bank of Dnepr River) and S.t. turovi Heptner, 1934 (NE cis-Caucasia and lower Volga region)." 18944,Pygeretmus zhitkovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Pygeretmus,zhitkovi,,,,,"(Kuznetsov, 1930)","Corbet (1978) regarded the emendation of shitkovi to zhitkovi invalid, but other workers disagree; there has been no ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Holden and Musser 2005)." 7806,Eozapus setchuanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Eozapus,setchuanus,,,,,"(Pousargues, 1896)", 19863,Salpingotus crassicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Salpingotus,crassicauda,,,,,"Vinogradov, 1924", 850,Allactaga tetradactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,tetradactyla,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 851,Allactaga balikunica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,balikunica,,,,,"Hsia & Fang, 1964",This species is closely related to Allactaga bullata (Smith and Xie 2008). Wang (2003) lists A. balikunica as a subspecies of A. bullata. 854,Scarturus euphratica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Scarturus,euphratica,,,,,"Thomas, 1881", 855,Allactaga firouzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,firouzi,,,,,"Womochel, 1978","The following information comes from Holden and Musser (2005). Allactaga firouzi appears to be morphologically distinct from A. euphratica and A. hotsoni (Womochel 1978), but its relationship with these and other species of allactagines needs further study. Shenbrot (1993) tentatively synonymized firouzi with A. elater turkmeni, but later (in litt. to Holden and Musser (2005)) examined the type specimen and considered firouzi synonymous with hotsoni, which is where Pavlinov et al. (1995) listed it. Holden and Musser (2005) recognized the species until such time as published data indicates otherwise.Tarahomi (2010) found that morphometric comparison of mandible and skull showed Allactaga firouzi to be clustered with A. hotsoni." 860,Scarturus vinogradovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Scarturus,vinogradovi,,,,,"(Argyropulo, 1941)","The genus Allactaga sensu lato was found to be polyphyletic, and has to be divided into several separate genera (Lebedev et al. 2013). For this reason, Allactaga vinogradovi was placed into genus Scarturus; Iranian S. toussi was considered as subspecies of S. vinogradovi based on their morphological similarity (Michaux and Shenbrot 2017). However, molecular data demonstrated that S. vinogradovi and S. toussi are separate species, and that S. vinogradovi is the most divergent species in the genus Scarturus (Bannikova et al. 2019)." 3858,Cardiocranius paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Cardiocranius,paradoxus,,,,,"Satunin, 1903", 20191,Sicista pseudonapaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,pseudonapaea,,,,,"Strautman, 1949",Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). 20195,Sicista tianshanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,tianshanica,,,,,"(Salensky, 1903)",Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). 20196,Sicista kluchorica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,kluchorica,,,,,"Sokolov, Kovalskaya & Baskevich, 1980", 20189,Sicista kazbegica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,kazbegica,,,,,"Sokolov, Baskevich & Kovalskaya, 1986", 20187,Sicista caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,caudata,,,,,"Thomas, 1907",Populations in Russia reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). 20185,Sicista armenica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,armenica,,,,,"Sokolov & Baskevich, 1988",Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). 20186,Sicista caucasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,caucasica,,,,,"Vinogradov, 1925", 12274,Lonchothrix emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Lonchothrix,emiliae,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 6663,Diplomys labilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Diplomys,labilis,,,,,"(Bangs, 1901)", 6662,Diplomys caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Diplomys,caniceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 4989,Clyomys laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Clyomys,laticeps,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)","This species was listed as being a synonym for Clyomys laticeps. Bezerra (2002) revised the genus placing C. bishopi in the synonymy of C. laticeps. This decision was supported by morphometric and qualitative analyses of cranial variables (Bezerra and Oliveria 2010, Bezerra and Bonvicino 2015)." 10957,Kannabateomys amblyonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Kannabateomys,amblyonyx,,,,,"(Wagner, 1845)","The validity of a potential subspecies is still in question, pending analysis of geographic variation (Emmons et al. 2015)." 3121,Brotomys voratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Brotomys,voratus,,,,,"Miller, 1916", 8418,Euryzygomatomys spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Euryzygomatomys,spinosus,,,,,"(G. Fischer, 1814)","Woods and Kilpatrick (2005) note that guiara is synonymous with Euryzygomatomys spinosus. However, cytogenetic data indicates that there are at least two species and potentially more within this genus (V. Fagundes pers. comm.)." 10025,Heteropsomys insulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Heteropsomys,insulans,,,,,"Anthony, 1916",This species includes the junior synonym H. antillensis which was previously interpreted as a separate species. 2885,Boromys offella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Boromys,offella,,,,,"Miller, 1916", 2886,Boromys torrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Boromys,torrei,,,,,"Allen, 1917", 136355,Thrichomys inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Thrichomys,inermis,,,,,"Pictet, 1841","Thrichomys inermis (Pictet, 1843), “la Jacobine (dans les montagnes de las Almas, province de Bahia),” Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. The Swiss zoologist F.-J. Pictet originally placed his new species in the genus Echimys; Trouessart allocated it to Thrichomys in 1880. This species is monotypic, but samples from Tocantins state in the Northern Caatinga bioregion, also with 2n = 26, FN = 48, belong to a separate molecular clade that Nascimento et al. refer to as T. aff. inermis and suggest is a distinct, undescribed species" 21839,Thrichomys apereoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Thrichomys,apereoides,,,,,"(Lund, 1839)", 136245,Thrichomys pachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Thrichomys,pachyurus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1845)",Originally described in the genus Isothrix by Wagner (1845) and included in Isothrix by Tate (1935) and Ellerman (1940). Included in Thrichomys apereoides by Cabrera (1961) but recognized as a distinct species based on chromosomal differentiation (Bonvicino et al. 2002) and sequence divergence (Braggio and Bonvicino 2004). 15189,Olallamys albicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Olallamys,albicauda,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)","Generic synonym = Thrinacodus. Two subspecies have been suggested by Cabrera (1961), the nominotypical form and apolinari. This hypothesis has not been validated (Emmons et. al 2015)." 15190,Olallamys edax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Olallamys,edax,,,,,"(Thomas, 1916)", 6983,Makalata macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Makalata,macrura,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)","Considered a large form of Makalata didelphoides by Emmons and Freer (1997) that might represent a distinct species, a hypothesis now supported by morphological and molecular evidence (Patton et al. 2000)." 90386329,Toromys rhipidurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Toromys,rhipidurus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1928)", 13233,Makalata didelphoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Makalata,didelphoides,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)","This taxon is likely to contain several distinct species, however, studies are required to revise the taxonomy and distribution (Patton pers. comm.). Emmons (1993) concluded that the holotype for Echimys didelphoides was a young Makalata armata and therefore E. didelphoides Desmarest, 1817 antedates Nelomys armatus I. Geoffroy (1838)." 13236,Makalata obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Makalata,obscura,,,,,"(Wagner, 1840)","Known only from the original description. Tate (1935) placed it first in the genus Mesomys (p. 413) and then in the genus Echimys (p. 432). Cabrera (1960) followed Tate’s first allocation and retained it in Mesomys with reservation, a placement followed by subsequent authors (Corbet and Hill 1991, Woods 1993). Emmons (1993a) suggested that the original illustrations precluded identity with Mesomys and Emmons (in press) placed it in the genus Makalata." 10259,Hoplomys gymnurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Hoplomys,gymnurus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)", 6979,Echimys chrysurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Echimys,chrysurus,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)", 6987,Echimys saturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Echimys,saturnus,,,,,"Thomas, 1928", 136652,Echimys vieirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Echimys,vieirai,,,,,"Ximenes, Vivo & Percequillo, 2005",This is a newly described species known from only three localities. 18291,Proechimys mincae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,mincae,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1899)", 18289,Proechimys longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Rengger, 1830)", 29463,Proechimys echinothrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,echinothrix,,,,,"da Silva, 1998", 18296,Proechimys quadruplicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,quadruplicatus,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1948", 29464,Proechimys kulinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,kulinae,,,,,"da Silva, 1998",This could be a complex of two species (Patton et al. 2000). 18293,Proechimys oconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,oconnelli,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1913", 18294,Proechimys roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,roberti,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",Populations in lowland rainforest (P. r. oris) could be considered a subspecies separate from those in semideciduous forests like P. r. roberti (Patton and Leite 2015). 18299,Proechimys simonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,simonsi,,,,,"Thomas, 1900","Includes P. hendeei Thomas, 1926; as that is considered to be just a form of this species." 18300,Proechimys steerei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,steerei,,,,,"Goldman, 1911", 29465,Proechimys pattoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,pattoni,,,,,"da Silva, 1998", 18297,Proechimys semispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,semispinosus,,,,,"Tomes, 1860","

This species has several subspecies: 

P. s. burrus Bangs, 1901 – Isla San Miguel, Gulfo de Panama, Panama.

P. s. centralis Thomas, 1896 – S Nicaragua, NW Costa Rica (includes semispinosus True, 1889, a homonym of semispinosus Tomes).

P. s. colombianus Thomas, 1914 – Chocó, Pacific coast of Colombia.

P. s. goldmani Bole, 1937 – Azuero Peninsula, Pamama.

P. s. gorgonae Bangs, 1905 – Isla Gorgona, Colombia.

P. s. ignotus Kellogg, 1946 – Isla San José, Golfo de Panama, Panama.

P. s. panamensis Thomas, 1900 – W Costa Rica through most of Panama and possibly extending into NW Colombia (includes chiriquinus Thomas, 1900).

P. s. rosa Thomas, 1900 – El Oro province, SW Ecuador.

P. s. rubellus Hollister, 1914 – Angustura Valley, Cartago province, Costa Rica.

P. s. semispinosus Tomes, 1860 – Esmeraldas province, NW Ecuador (includes calidior Thomas, 1911).

" 29466,Proechimys gardneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,gardneri,,,,,"da Silva, 1998", 18301,Proechimys trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,trinitatis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1893)","Proechimys urichi has been combined with P. trinitatis, P. guyannensis urichi is listed as a subspecies." 18276,Proechimys canicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,canicollis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1899)", 18275,Proechimys brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,brevicauda,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)",A species complex which may contain several species (J. Patton pers. comm.). 18280,Proechimys decumanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,decumanus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1899)", 18279,Proechimys cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,cuvieri,,,,,"Petter, 1978","P. cuvieri comprises a series of divergent clades that replace one another across Amazonia, additional sampling is needed to determine whether any of these correspond to separate species (Patton et al. 2000)." 18278,Proechimys chrysaeolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,chrysaeolus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 18277,Proechimys guyannensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,guyannensis,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1803)","ICZN official name changed for this species ruling that guyannensis, rather than cayennensis, was the official name dating back to Geoffroy (1803) (J. Patton pers. comm.). This species is also likely to be split into several species based on ongoing molecular studies; P. warreni is actually part of this species (Voss et al. 2001)." 18284,Proechimys guairae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,guairae,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","

This species has three subspecies:

  1. P. g. guairae Thomas, 1901 – C Venezuela.
  2. P. g. ochraceus Hershkovitz, 1948 – NW & E Colombia.
  3. P. g. poliopus Hershkovitz, 1948 – NE Colombia & E Venezuela, Andean foothills, upper Llanos, north of the upper Rio Orinoco.
" 18282,Proechimys goeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,goeldii,,,,,"Thomas, 1905", 18287,Proechimys hoplomyoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Proechimys,hoplomyoides,,,,,"(Tate, 1939)",This may not represent a valid species (J. Patton pers. comm.). 6222,Dactylomys peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Dactylomys,peruanus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1900", 6221,Dactylomys dactylinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Dactylomys,dactylinus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)","Currently monotypic, awaiting more information for the description of possible subspecies (Emmons et al. 2015)." 6220,Dactylomys boliviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Dactylomys,boliviensis,,,,,"Anthony, 1920", 6978,Phyllomys brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,brasiliensis,,,,,"Lund, 1840","Also known as Echimys braziliensis and Nelomys braziliensis, but see Emmons et al. (2002) for reasons to place this form in the genus Phyllomys and for the spelling of brasiliensis." 6977,Phyllomys blainvillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,blainvillii,,,,,"(Jordan, 1837)","This species is also known as Echimys blainvillei and Nelomys blainvillei, but see Emmons et al. (2002) for reasons to place this form in the genus Phyllomys." 136704,Phyllomys medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,medius,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)", 6980,Phyllomys dasythrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,dasythrix,,,,,"Hensel, 1872",Referred to as Echimys (Nelomys) dasythrix in Eisenberg and Redford (1999). 6982,Phyllomys lamarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,lamarum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1916)","This species has been referred as Echimys (Nelomys) lamarum in Eisenberg and Redford (1999). Also known as Nelomys lamarum, but see Emmons et al. (2002) for reasons to place this form in the genus Phyllomys." 6984,Phyllomys nigrispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,nigrispinus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)","This species also is known as Echimys nigrispinus and Nelomys nigrispinus, but see Emmons et al. (2002) for reasons to place this form in the genus Phyllomys." 136682,Phyllomys kerri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,kerri,,,,,"(Moojen, 1950)","This species may be a synonym of Phyllomys nigrispinus (Emmons et al. 2002), but Leite (2003) believes the species to be valid." 136801,Phyllomys pattoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,pattoni,,,,,"Emmons, Leite, Kock & Costa, 2002",Specimens of this species were formerly attributed to Phyllomys brasiliensis (Emmons et al. 2002). 136400,Phyllomys lundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,lundi,,,,,"Leite, 2003", 6990,Phyllomys unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,unicolor,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)",Formerly placed in Echimys. 6989,Phyllomys thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,thomasi,,,,,"(Ihering, 1871)","Also known as Echimys thomasi and Nelomys thomasi, but see Emmons et al. (2002) for reasons to place this form in the genus Phyllomys." 136274,Phyllomys mantiqueirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,mantiqueirensis,,,,,"Leite, 2003", 6664,Santamartamys rufodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Santamartamys,rufodorsalis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1899)",This species has been assigned to a new monotypic genus Santamartamys (Emmons 2005). 41786,Isothrix sinnamariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Isothrix,sinnamariensis,,,,,"Vié, Volobouev, Patton & Granjon, 1996", 10879,Isothrix pagurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Isothrix,pagurus,,,,,"Wagner, 1845", 90386297,Isothrix bistriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Isothrix,bistriata,,,,,"Wagner, 1845",Patton et al. (1985) reviews Isothrix genus. I. bistriata was considered to be a composite of several taxa and the names negrensis and orinoci were indicated as available for these populations by Patton et al. (2000). 14914835,Isothrix barbarabrownae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Isothrix,barbarabrownae,,,,,"Patterson & Velazco, 2006","Known only from the type specimen and another individual seen but not collected nearby. Analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes indicates that this species is sister to all other species of Isothrix, and is certainly not a synonym of any of them (Patterson and Velazco 2008)." 136751,Isothrix negrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Isothrix,negrensis,,,,,"Thomas, 1920","Included in bistriata until recognized as distinct species based on sequence, chromosomal and morphological differentiation (Bovicino et al. 2003)." 136543,Trinomys moojeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,moojeni,,,,,"(Pessôa, Oliveira & Reis, 1992)","This species was described in 1992 (Pessôa et al. 1992). Formerly placed in the genus Proechimys, but see Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to place this taxon in the genus Trinomys." 18272,Trinomys albispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,albispinus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1838)","The genus Trinomys was formerly placed in the genus Proechimys, but see Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to place this taxon in the genus Trinomys. This species was recently revised (PhD dissertation by Ximenes Gilson at Sao Paulo University) splitting T. albispinus into two species. The two subspecies are T. a. albispinus and T. a. minor (Emmons et al. 2015)." 136407,Trinomys eliasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,eliasi,,,,,"(Pessôa & Dos Reis, 1993)","This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Trinomys [=Proechimys] iheringi], but see Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to recognize this form as a distinct species." 136305,Trinomys mirapitanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,mirapitanga,,,,,"Lara, Patton & Hingst-Zaher, 2002",Described in 2002 based on morphological and molecular characters (Lara et al. 2002). See Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to recognize the genus Trinomys instead of Proechimys for this taxon. 136221,Trinomys gratiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,gratiosus,,,,,"(Moojen, 1948)","This species formerly was considered a subspecies of Trinomys [=Proechimys] iheringi, but see Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to recognize this form as a distinct species. There are two subspecies: T. g. gratiosus and T. g. bonafidei (Emmons et al. 2015)." 136492,Trinomys paratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,paratus,,,,,"(Moojen, 1948)",Recognized as a subspecies of iheringi by Moojen (1948) and Pessôa and Reis (1996) but elevated to a species based on sequence analysis by Lara and Patton (2000) (Wilson and Reeder 2005) 136414,Trinomys yonenagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,yonenagae,,,,,"(Rocha, 1995)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Proechimys, but see Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to place this taxon in the genus Trinomys." 18298,Trinomys setosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,setosus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Proechimys, but see Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to place this taxon in the genus Trinomys. It includes T. myouros. There are two subspecies, T. s. setosus and T. s. elegans (Emmons et al. 2015)." 18281,Trinomys dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 18288,Trinomys iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Trinomys,iheringi,,,,,"Thomas, 1911","This species formerly was placed in the genus Proechimys, but see Lara and Patton (2000) for reasons to place this taxon in the genus Trinomys. Several forms (e.g., gratiosus, paratus, and eliasi) formerly considered to be subspecies of T. iheringi are now considered distinct species (Lara and Patton 2000)." 39314,Pattonomys occasius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Pattonomys,occasius,,,,,"(Thomas, 1921)",Recognized as a distinct species by Emmons and Feer (1990) and placed in the genus Makalata. Following revision of the Echimyines it was subsequently included in the new genus Pattonomys (Emmons 2005). 90386452,Pattonomys semivillosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Pattonomys,semivillosus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1838)", 6981,Toromys grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Toromys,grandis,,,,,"(Wagner, 1845)",Now known under a new monotypic genus Toromys (Lack-Ximenes et al. 2005). 136284,Mesomys occultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Mesomys,occultus,,,,,"Patton, da Silva & Malcolm, 2000","Although similar to and sympatric with hispidus the two can be differentiated by morphology, karyotype and cytochrome b sequences (Patton et al. 2000)." 13234,Mesomys hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Mesomys,hispidus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)","Subspecies include M. ferrugineus, M. spicatus, and M. hispidus hispidus (Patton and Emmons 2015)." 13235,Mesomys leniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Mesomys,leniceps,,,,,"Thomas, 1926","This species was recognized as a species by Emmons (1990), but not by Eisenberg and Redford (1999) who placed it in Mesomys hispidus. Further taxonomic revision of this species is needed (B. Patterson pers. comm.)." 13237,Mesomys stimulax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Mesomys,stimulax,,,,,"Thomas, 1911",An adequate systematic revision of the genus would be beneficial (Patton in litt. 2006). 8004,Erethizon dorsatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Erethizon,dorsatum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are several recognized subspecies including: E. d. dorsatum Linneaus, 1758 – Canada east of Yukon and British Columbia (except Labrador and Newfoundland) and NE and NC United States. E. d. bruneri Swenk 1916 – Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains. E. d. couesi Mearns, 1897 – W Texas, New Mexico and C Arizona. E. d. epixanthum Brandt, 1835 – C Washington south into California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, W Colorado, Wyoming and W Montana. E. d. myops Merriam, 1900 – most of Alaska and the Yukon Territory in Canada. E. d. nigriscens J. A. Allen, 1903 – British Columbia and N Washington State. E. d. picinum Bangs, 1900 – Labrador. Endemic to North America including in the Mexican states of Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa." 7010,Coendou rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,rufescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)", 4366,Chaetomys subspinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Chaetomys,subspinosus,,,,,"(Olfers, 1818)",Part of taxon Chaetomyinae (Voss et al. 2013). 20633,Coendou vestitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,vestitus,,,,,"Thomas, 1899",This species formally was treated into Coendou (Voss 2015). Bonvicino et al. (2000) suggested that Coendou and Sphiggurus represent distinct lineages that have evolved by different chromosomal mechanisms (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). 136597,Coendou ichillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,ichillus,,,,,"Voss & da Silva, 2001",This species formally was included in Coendou (Voss 2015). Bonvicino et al. (2000) suggested that Coendou and Sphiggurus represent distinct lineages that have evolved by different chromosomal mechanisms (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). 20631,Coendou insidiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,insidiosus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1818","The taxa pallidus (known only from two immature individuals) had previously been postulated to be from somewhere in the West Indies (Woods 1993), however, following Voss and Angermann (1997), pallidus is synonymized with S. insidiosus (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). This species formally was treated into Coendou (Voss 2015)." 136485,Coendou pruinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,pruinosus,,,,,"Thomas, 1905",This species formally was treated into Coendou (Voss 2015). Bonvicino et al. (2000) suggested that Coendou and Sphiggurus represent distinct lineages that have evolved by different chromosomal mechanisms (Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). 136738,Coendou melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,melanurus,,,,,, 20630,Coendou spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,spinosus,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1823","This species was included in Coendou, often referred to as C. paraguayensis (Eisenberg and Redford 1999). S. villosus has been combined with this species (Voss 2015)." 136518,Coendou roosmalenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,roosmalenorum,,,,,"Voss & da Silva, 2001", 20629,Coendou mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,mexicanus,,,,,"Kerr, 1792", 5084,Coendou nycthemera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,nycthemera,,,,,"(Olfers, 1818)", 5083,Coendou bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,bicolor,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)",The species is in need of revision (see C. quichua). 136702,Coendou quichua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,quichua,,,,,"Thomas, 1899","Coendou quichua (Thomas, 1899) is recognized here as a distinct species, which is contrary to Woods and Kilpatrick (2005), who indicated that quichua and richardsoni may be distinct, but were retained as subspecies under Coendou bicolor. C. quichua is a morphologically distinctive porcupine whose diagnostic characters were accurately described by Thomas (1899). Cabrera (1961) treated quichua as a subspecies of C. bicolor without providing any justification for doing so. Although Emmons (1990), Albuja (1991), Tirira (1999), and Alberico et al. (1999) have subsequently recognized that quichua is a valid species. Coendou rothschildi has been combined with Coendou quichua (Voss 2015)." 101228458,Coendou prehensilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,prehensilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species has a considerable geographic variation and this may be a species complex (Marinho-Filho and Langguth pers. comm.). Coendou sanctamartae has been combined with Coendou prehensilis (Voss 2015), this assessment is of the new broader concept." 15544,Orthogeomys cavator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Orthogeomys,cavator,,,,,"(Bangs, 1902)","Orthogeomys cavator is now recognized as Heterogeomys cavator (Spradling et al. 2016). Morphological and molecular analyses by Spradling et al. (2016) resulted in resurrection of the genus Heterogeomys, to which the species cavator is now assigned (as Heterogeomys cavator). Three subspecies are currently recognized: H. c. cavator, H. c. nigrescens, and H. c. pansa (Hafner 2016)." 15548,Orthogeomys heterodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Orthogeomys,heterodus,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)","Morphological and molecular analyses by Spradling et al. (2016) resulted in resurrection of the genus Heterogeomys, to which the species heterodus is now assigned (as Heterogeomys heterodus). Three subspecies are currently recognized: H. h. dolichocephalus, H. h. cartagoensis, and H. h. heterodus (Hafner 2016)." 96802987,Heterogeomys dariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Heterogeomys,dariensis,,,,,"Goldman, 1912","Morphological and molecular analyses by Spradling et al. (2016) resulted in resurrection of the genus Heterogeomys, to which the species dariensis is now assigned (as Heterogeomys dariensis) The former species Orthogeomys thaeleri has been synonymized under Heterogeomys dariensis, resulting in two currently recognized subspecies: H. d. dariensis and H. d. thaeleri (Hafner 2015, 2016; Spradling et al. 2016).This addition dramatically increases the geographic distribution of Heterogeomys dariensis." 15546,Orthogeomys cuniculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Orthogeomys,cuniculus,,,,,"Elliot, 1905", 42593,Orthogeomys underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Orthogeomys,underwoodi,,,,,"(Osgood, 1931)","Morphological and molecular analyses by Spradling et al. (2016) resulted in resurrection of the genus Heterogeomys, to which the species underwoodi is now assigned (as Heterogeomys underwoodi). H. underwoodi is monotypic (Hafner 2016)." 42591,Heterogeomys lanius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Heterogeomys,lanius,,,,,"(Elliot, 1905)","Morphological and molecular analyses by Spradling et al. (2016) resulted in resurrection of the genus Heterogeomys, to which the species lanius is now assigned (as H. lanius). Heterogeomys lanius is monotypic (Hafner 2016)." 96802567,Heterogeomys cherriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Heterogeomys,cherriei,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1893","Morphological and molecular analyses by Spradling et al. (2016) resulted in resurrection of the genus Heterogeomys, to which the species cherriei is now assigned (as Heterogeomys cherriei). The former species Orthogeomys matagalpae has been synonymized under Heterogeomys cherriei, resulting in four currently recognized subspecies: H. c. carlosensis, H. c. cherriei, H. c. costaricensis, and H. c. matagalpae (Hafner 2016). The addition of matagalpae to cherriei dramatically increases the geographic distribution of Heterogeomys cherriei." 21809,Thomomys idahoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,idahoensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1901","Formerly included in T. talpoides; it was recognized as a distinct species by Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003), and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42596,Thomomys monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,monticola,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1893","Thomomys mazama was included in this species in some older literature, but is now considered a valid species." 42595,Thomomys clusius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,clusius,,,,,"Coues, 1875","Thomomys clusius formerly was regarded as conspecific with T. talpoides (Hall 1981); it was recognized as a distinct species by Thaeler and Hinesley (1979), Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003), and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42594,Thomomys bulbivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,bulbivorus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1829)","This species exhibits a genetic pattern of limited inbreeding within populations and much differentiation among populations; pattern reflects a cataclysmic event affecting the entire geographic distribution of the species about 13,000 years ago (Carraway and Kennedy 1993)." 23323,Zygogeomys trichopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Zygogeomys,trichopus,,,,,"Merriam, 1895",Two subspecies are recognized: Zygogeomys trichopus tarascensis and Z. t. trichopus (Hafner and Barkley 1984). 136647,Cratogeomys goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Cratogeomys,goldmani,,,,,"Merriam, 1895", 136249,Cratogeomys planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Cratogeomys,planiceps,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)","Cratogeomys planiceps was originally described as a distinct species at the close of the 19th century, but until recently it was considered a synonym of C. tylorhinus (see Patton 2005). Hafner et al. (2004) using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, chromosomes, and morphological characters concluded that C. planiceps should again be treated as a separate species." 16026,Cratogeomys fumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Cratogeomys,fumosus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1892)","The taxonomy of Cratogeomys fumosus has recently been revised using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, chromosomes, and morphological characters, such that it now incorporates four previously distinct species: C. gymnurus, C. neglectus, C. tylorhinus, C. zinseri, plus what was previously considered C. fumosus (Hafner et al. 2004). Four subspecies of C. fumosus are currently recognized: C. f. fumosus, C. f. angustirostris, C. f. imparilis, and C. f. tylorhinus.(Hafner 2016)." 16028,Cratogeomys merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Cratogeomys,merriami,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)",A recent taxonomic revision of Cratogeomys merriami based on multiple characters resulted in two species being split from C. merriami: C. fulvescens and C. perotensis (Hafner et al. 2005). C. merriami is monotypic (Hafner 2016). 136215,Cratogeomys fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Cratogeomys,fulvescens,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","Cratogeomys fulvescens was originally described as a distinct species at the close of the 19th century, but until recently it was considered a synonym of C. merriami (see Patton 2005). A recent taxonomic revision of C. merriami based on multiple characters resulted in two species being split from C. merriami, thus elevating them back to species level: C. fulvescens and C. perotensis (Hafner et al. 2005)." 136396,Cratogeomys perotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Cratogeomys,perotensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","Cratogeomys perotensis was originally described as a distinct species at the close of the 19th century, but until recently it was considered a synonym of C. merriami (see Patton 2005). A recent taxonomic revision of C. merriami based on multiple characters resulted in two species being split from C. merriami, thus elevating them back to species level: C. fulvescens and C. perotensis (Hafner et al. 2005)." 92474664,Pappogeomys bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Pappogeomys,bulleri,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)","This species was revised by Hafner et al. (2009) to include five subspecies: P. b. albinasus, P. b. alcorni., P. b. bulleri, P. b. burti, and P. b. nayaritensis. Molecular and chromosomal analyses by Demastes et al. (2002, 2003) and Hafner et al. (2009) resulted in placement of Pappogeomys alcorni as a subspecies of Pappogeomys bulleri (as P. b. alcorni). P. bulleri alcorni as an endangered subspecies. The subspecies P. bulleri alcorni is known only from the vicinity of its type locality (Mazamitla, Jalisco, Mexico) in the forested mountains south of Laguna de Chapala. Elevation approximately 2,000 m. A 2009 survey reported this subspecies to be abundant in the densely forested hillsides surrounding the agricultural fields (Hafner 2016). The small geographic distribution of this subspecies and continued encroachment of agriculture in the area justifies retention of the Critically Endangered listing for this subspecies." 9062,Geomys texensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,texensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","This species formerly was included in G. bursarius (Wilson and Reeder, 1993). Block and Zimmerman (1991) analyzed allozymic evidence and found that the taxa formerly known as G. bursarius texensis and G. b. llanensis are a single genetic entity (regarded as Geomys texensis) that is specifically distinct from Geomys bursarius. This distinct but close relationship with G. bursarius was also found in a study of mitochondrial RNA by Jolley et al. (2000). Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized G. texensis as a distinct species.  A molecular study of Geomys by Chambers et al. (2009) placed G. texensis sister to a clade containing G. jugossicularis, G. lutescens, and G. bursarius within the ""bursarius group"" of Geomys. Three subspecies of G. texensis are currently recognized, G. t. bakeri., T. t. llanensis, and G. t. texensis (Hafner 2016)." 136380,Geomys attwateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,attwateri,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","Geomys attwateri previously was regarded as a subspecies of G. bursarius. It was regarded as a distinct species by Tucker and Schmidly (1981), Williams and Cameron (1991), Baker et al. (2003), and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005).

Geomys attwateri, G. breviceps, and G. bursarius cannot be distinguished using external morphological characteristics, but they differ in cytological and biochemical characteristics. Dowler (1989) presented cytogenetic evidence supporting recognition of attwateri as a species distinct from bursarius/breviceps. Ribosomal DNA data also support the specific distinction between G. attwateri and G. breviceps (Davis 1986). Burt and Dowler (1999) examined allozyme variation and found evidence of a narrow zone of hybridization between G. breviceps and G. attwateri, but gene flow appeared to be very restricted." 9056,Geomys tropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,tropicalis,,,,,"Goldman, 1915", 136258,Geomys knoxjonesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,knoxjonesi,,,,,"Baker & Genoways, 1975","This species formerly was included in G. bursarius. At a contact zone in eastern New Mexico, Baker et al. (1989) found that major (a subspecies of G. bursarius) and knoxjonesi are functioning as biological species with gene pools that are effectively isolated (restricted gene flow). Block and Zimmerman (1991) recognized knoxjonesi as a distinct species. After studying mitochondrial RNA, Jolley et al. (2000) determined that G. knoxjonesi and G. arenarius appeared to be different lineages within Geomys, but state that ""further investigation of G. knoxjonesi and G. b. major are warranted."" Schmidly (2004) stated that there is still some question as to the distinctness of G. knoxjonesi with respect to G. arenarius. Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) regarded knoxjonesi as a distinct species." 9055,Geomys personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,personatus,,,,,"True, 1889","Jolley et al. (2000) recommend recognition of G. p. streckeri as a distinct species (G. streckeri), and cite Davis (1986) as supporting documentation." 9054,Geomys arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,arenarius,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","A full species status of G. arenarius has not been established. Hafner and Geluso (1983) recommended that G. arenarius be synonymized under G. bursarius as two subspecies (G. b. arenarius and G. b. brevirostris) based on comparison with the neighboring G. b. knoxjonesi. They documented clinal variation from G. b. knoxjonesi through G. a. brevirostris to G. a. arenarius in fundamental number of the karyotype (approximately 70 to 88 to 102) and at six allozymic loci (and a lack of any fixed allelic differences at 15 protein loci). Jolley et al. (2000) found only a 1.9% sequence difference between single samples of G. knoxjonesi and G. a. arenarius taken from the ends of the cline, whereas Sudman et al. (2006) found a 10.48% sequence difference (mtDNA cyt-b) between single samples, again taken from the ends of the cline. Combined nuDNA and mtDNA sequence data place G. knoxjonesi and G. arenarius in a clade separate from G. bursarius, and Baker et al. (1989) concluded that premating an postmating isolation restricted gene flow between populations of G. knoxjonesi and G. b. major (Baker and Davis 1989). Thus, populations of G. arenarius and G. knoxjonesi  appear to represent two allopatric and distinct, but related, species separate from G. bursarius.  Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (2005) recognized G. arenarius and G. bursarius as distinct species. A molecular study of Geomys by Chambers et al. (2009) placed G. arenarius sister to G. knoxjonesi within the ""bursarius group"" of Geomys. Two subspecies of G. arenarius are currently recognized, G. a. arenarius and T. a. brevirostris (Hafner 2016)." 9492,Graphiurus rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,rupicola,,,,,"(Thomas & Hinton, 1925)","Although originally listed as a species by Roberts (1951), this taxon was later reclassified as a subspecies of G. platyops by Genest-Villard (1978). However, more recently, this group was reassessed and is currently recognised as a valid species once again (Holden 2005, 2013).

Due to its flattened skull and rupiculous habits (features shared with the allopatric G. platyops), this species is unlikely to be confused with any other Graphiurus within its range, except G. angolensis which is smaller, does not have a flattened skull and occurs in woodlands (Monadjem et al. 2015). Similarly, Graphiurus microtis is significantly smaller and does not have a flattened skull (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 9485,Graphiurus microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,microtis,,,,,"(Noack, 1887)","The phylogenetic relationships of this genus require urgent clarification (Monadjem et al. 2015). Graphiurus microtis was previously included as a synonym or valid subspecies of G. murinus (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Holden 2013), but based on morphological and ecological differences, Holden (1993, 2005) classified this as a distinct species. Although these species are not easily distinguished, the dorsal and ventral pelage of G. murinus is not noticeably defined and G. murinus typically occurs in montane or temperate grassland habitats (Monadjem et al. 2015), while G. microtis favours savannah regions (Holden 2013)." 9486,Graphiurus monardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,monardi,,,,,"(St. Leger, 1936)","Formerly a synonym of G. hueti, but considered distinct by Ellerman et al. (1953) and Holden (1993)." 44915,Graphiurus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,angolensis,,,,,"de Winton, 1897",G. angolensis is considered as a valid species and distinct from G. platyops and G. rupicola (Holden 2013). The relationship between G. angolensis and G. microtis is not clear (Monadjem et al. 2015). 14089,Myomimus setzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Myomimus,setzeri,,,,,"Rossolimo, 1976",Will be transferred to family Gliridae. 14088,Myomimus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Myomimus,personatus,,,,,"Ognev, 1924","Russian range, taxonomy and other characters reviewed by Gromov and Erbaeva (1995)." 9246,Glirulus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Glirulus,japonicus,,,,,"(Schinz, 1845)",Will be transferred to family Gliridae. 6860,Chaetocauda sichuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Chaetocauda,sichuanensis,,,,,"Wang, 1985",This species is sometimes listed under Dryomys (Smith and Xie 2008). 40767,Dryomys niethammeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Dryomys,niethammeri,,,,,"Holden, 1996","The following information comes from Holden (2005). Though D. niethammeri is larger than D. laniger, and differs in other proportions, both species have relatively inflated auditory bullae, a character that may be convergent (Holden 1996). This species was reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). A much-needed critical revision of D. nitedula should include phylogenetic comparisons with D. laniger and D. niethammeri to elucidate intrageneric relationships (Holden 1996)." 10010,Heteromys oresterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,oresterus,,,,,"Harris, 1932", 10009,Heteromys nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,nelsoni,,,,,"Merriam, 1902", 136638,Heteromys oasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,oasicus,,,,,"Anderson, 2003", 10007,Heteromys gaumeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,gaumeri,,,,,"J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1897", 136333,Heteromys teleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,teleus,,,,,"Anderson & Jarrín, 2002", 47802541,Heteromys anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,anomalus,,,,,"(Thompson, 1815)",This is definitely a species complex in eastern Venezuela (Patton 2005). The form occurring on the Península de Paraguaná has been split to form the species Heteromys oasicus (Anderson 2003).

The form from the Cordillera de la Costa in northern Venezuela has also been split from H. anomalus to form the species H. catopterius (Anderson and Guttiérre 2009). 16631,Perognathus alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,alticola,,,,,"Rhoads, 1894","Recent electrophoretic investigations confirm the specific separation of P. a. inexpectatus from P. parvus (though Patton in Wilson and Reede, 1993, 2005, stated that alticolus may be only subspecifically distinct from P. parvus). Best (1994), Baker et al. (2003), and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) listed alticolus as a distinct species.

Spelling corrected from alticolus to alticola: Despite contradictory published statements, the correct species name is alticola (not alticolus, the original spelling) in accordance with grammatical requirements of Latin, based on the opinion of the Nomenclature Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists (Erratum 2014). Based on detailed sequencing of nDNA and mtDNA genes, P. alticola is a member of the parvus species group of silky pocket mice, along with P. mollipilosus and P. parvus, and is sister-taxon to P. mollipilosus (Riddle et al. 2014). It may represent a smaller, disjunct, and isolated subspecies of P. mollipilosus: it lacks notable differentiation in nDNA and mtDNA genes that have been studied, and while it has a different FN compared to the neighboring P. mollipilosus xanthonotus (74 vs. 76, respectively), it has the same fundamental number as P. m. clarus (in Utah) within the variable FN of P. mollipilosus (70–76), and is only slightly different morphologically from that geographically adjacent species. Two subspecies are recognized:
  • P. a. alticola Rhoads, 1894 – SW USA (San Bernardino Mts, SW California), but may be extinct.
  • P. a. inexpectatus Huey, 1926 – SW USA (Tehachapi Mts, SW California).
" 42609,Perognathus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,inornatus,,,,,"Merriam, 1889","At least two and possibly three distinct species currently are included under the name inornatus (Williams et al. 1993, Patton in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 16633,Perognathus amplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,amplus,,,,,"Osgood, 1900",Phylogenetic analysis is needed to determine if subspecies cineris should be elevated to species rank. 12073,Heteromys adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,adspersus,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)","Synonymized under Heteromys: Hafner et al. (2007) confirmed paraphyly of Liomys relative to Heteromys, placing Liomys in synonymy with Heteromys. This species (formerly Liomys adspersus) and its sister species, H. salvini, form a clade that is basal to the other members of the genus and for which the subgeneric or generic name Schaeferia has been suggested (von Lehmann and Schaefer 1979)." 12074,Heteromys irroratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,irroratus,,,,,"(Gray, 1868)","Synonymized under Heteromys: Hafner et al. (2007) confirmed paraphyly of Liomys relative to Heteromys, placing Liomys in synonymy with Heteromys." 12075,Heteromys pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,pictus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","Synonymized under Heteromys: Hafner et al. (2007) confirmed paraphyly of Liomys relative to Heteromys, placing Liomys in synonymy with Heteromys." 12076,Heteromys salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,salvini,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","Synonymized under Heteromys: Hafner et al. (2007) confirmed paraphyly of Liomys relative to Heteromys, placing Liomys in synonymy with Heteromys." 12077,Heteromys spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,spectabilis,,,,,"(Genoways, 1971)","Synonymized under Heteromys: Hafner et al. (2007) confirmed paraphyly of Liomys relative to Heteromys, placing Liomys in synonymy with Heteromys. This species (formerly Liomys spectabilis) forms a distinct clade within the genus along with H. irroratus and H. pictus." 136837,Chaetodipus rudinoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,rudinoris,,,,,"(Elliot, 1903)","Includes subspecies previously assigned to C. baileyi (extimus, fornicatus, hueyi, insularis, mesidios, and rudinoris) (Riddle et al. 2000)." 4337,Chaetodipus pernix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,pernix,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1898)",Synonym = Perognathus pernix. 136361,Chaetodipus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,lineatus,,,,,"(Dalquest, 1951)", 4332,Chaetodipus goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,goldmani,,,,,"(Osgood, 1900)","This species includes six described chromosomal races (Patton 1969). Chromosomal hybrids were found at two localities, and no areas of sympatry between chromosomal forms were found, while a morphological study (Straney and Patton 1980) indicated introgression among chromosomal races, none of which have been recognized at the subspecific level." 4331,Chaetodipus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,formosus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1889)", 4330,Chaetodipus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,fallax,,,,,"(Merriam, 1889)", 96812094,Chaetodipus ammophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,ammophilus,,,,,"Osgood, 1907","Álvarez-Castañeda and Rios (2011) reassigned two subspecies from C. arenarius (ammophilusand sublucidus) to C. dalquesti. Rios and Álvarez-Castañeda (2013) recognized C. ammophilus as having taxonomic priority over C. dalquesti, and regarded C. dalquesti as a sub taxa. Based on detailed sequencing of nDNA and mtDNA genes, C. ammophilus is a close relative of C. arenarius and C. siccus, and all three are part of the Baja California Peninsula lineage of the “modern” clade of Chaetodipus pocket mice, along with C. fallax, C. californicus, and C. spinatus. Chaetodipus ammophilus is generally parapatric with the closely related C. arenarius, in which it was previously included, but the two species have been found in sympatry at three localities within 75 km of Ciudad Insurgentes on the Magdalena Plains and near La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Three subspecies are recognized:
  • C. a. ammophilus Osgood, 1907 – NW Mexico (restricted to Isla Santa Margarita, SW Baja California Sur).
  • C. a. dalquesti Roth, 1976 – NW Mexico (S Pacific coast and Cape Region of Baja California Sur).
  • C. a. sublucidus Nelson and Goldman, 1929 – NW Mexico (coast S and E of the Bahía de la Paz, except the El Magote sand spit, S Baja California Sur).
" 42605,Dipodomys venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,venustus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1904)","Subspecies elephantinus formerly was recognized as a distinct species. Best et al. (1996) examined genetic and morphological variation in D. agilis, D. elephantinus, and D. venustus and concluded that D. agilis is not conspecific with elephantinus or venustus and that elephantinus should be regarded as a subspecies of D. venustus. This arrangement was adopted by Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005).

Three subspecies are recognized: D. v. venustus Merriam, 1904 – SW USA (disjunct populations in the Santa Cruz Mts and adjacent areas W of the Santa Clara Valley, the Diablo Range, and the N end of the Gabilan Range of WC California).
D. v. elephantinus Grinnell, 1919 – SW USA (restricted distribution in the S Gabilan Range of WC California).
D. v. sanctiluciae Grinnell, 1919 – SW USA (Coast Ranges from S Monterey Bay to Santa Lucia Mts of WC California) (D. J. Hafner pers. comm. 2016)." 6678,Dipodomys ingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,ingens,,,,,"(Merriam, 1904)", 6675,Dipodomys elator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,elator,,,,,"Merriam, 1894", 42603,Dipodomys microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,microps,,,,,"(Merriam, 1904)", 6676,Dipodomys gravipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,gravipes,,,,,"Huey, 1925", 42600,Dipodomys heermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,heermanni,,,,,"Le Conte, 1853","Dipodomys heermanni formerly included D. californicus, which Hall (1981) regarded as a subspecies of D. heermanni. Based on chromosomal and biochemical differences, Patton et al. (1976) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) regarded D. heermanni and D. californicus as distinct species, as did Williams et al. (1993)." 6686,Dipodomys deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,deserti,,,,,"Stephens, 1887", 6683,Dipodomys nitratoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,nitratoides,,,,,"Merriam, 1894","Three subspecies are recognized:
D. n. nitratoides Merriam, 1894 – SW USA (floor of the San Joaquin Valley, SC California).
D. n. brevinasus Grinnell, 1920 – SW USA (W & E edges of the San Joaquin Valley, Panoche Valley, Carrizo Plain, and upper Cuyama Valley, SC California).
D. n. exilis Merriam, 1894 – SW USA (a limited distribution on the floor of the N San Joaquin Valley, SC California)(D. J. Hafner pers. comm. 2016)." 6684,Dipodomys agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,agilis,,,,,"Gambel, 1848","Dipodomys simulans previously was regarded as conspecific with D. agilis. Sullivan and Best (1997) found significant morphological differences between the two chromosomal forms of D. agilis (in the former sense) and divided D. agilis into two species, Dipodomys agilis and Dipodomys simulans. Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder, 2005) adopted this split." 6682,Dipodomys stephensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,stephensi,,,,,"(Merriam, 1907)","According to Hall (1981) this species is possibly only subspecifically distinct from Dipodomys panamintinus, but others have found D. stephensi to be related to other species or to be distinct and well differentiated (see Bleich (1977) and Burke et al. (1991) for comments on the relationship of D. stephensi to other species of Dipodomys). Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) regarded D. stephensi and D. panamintinus as distinct species." 6690,Dipodomys nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,nelsoni,,,,,"Merriam, 1907",Close to D. spectabilis. 92463503,Dipodomys phillipsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,phillipsii,,,,,"Gray, 1841","Fernández et al. (2012) recognized D. phillipsii as specifically distinct from D. ornatus based on molecular sequence analysis. Three subspecies are recognized:
  • D. p. phillipsii Gray, 1841 – EC Mexico (Valley of Mexico of the Distrito Federal and immediately adjacent areas of S Hidalgo, N Morelos, W Tlaxcala, and W Puebla). Populations in the Valley of Mexico are considered to be extinct.
  • D. p. oaxacae Hooper, 1947 – EC Mexico (restricted distribution in the Tehuacán–Cuicatlán Valley of S Puebla and adjacent N Oaxaca).
  • D. p. perotensis Merriam, 1894 – EC Mexico (Oriental Basin of WC Veracruz and adjacent Tlaxcala and E Puebla).
" 6693,Dipodomys spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,spectabilis,,,,,"Merriam, 1890","Six subspecies are recognized, three of which have a highly restricted distribution and may be particularly subject to adverse impact on their open, desert-grassland habitat:
  • Dipodomys spectabilis cratodon Merriam, 1907 – N Mexico (disjunct distribution in S Chihuahuan Desert on the Mexican Plateau of Zacatecas, W San Luis Potosí, and Aguascalientes).
  • Dipodomys spectabilis intermedius Nader, 1965 – NW Mexico (restricted distribution in the Sonoran Desert of C Sonora).
  • Dipodomys spectabilis zygomaticus Goldman, 1923 – N Mexico (restricted distribution in the Chihuahuan Desert of SC Chihuahua and possibly NC Durango) (D. Hafner pers. comm. 2016).
" 10753,Hystrix pumila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,pumila,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)", 10754,Hystrix sumatrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,sumatrae,,,,,"(Lyon, 1907)","Treated as a subspecies of crassispinis by Chasen (1940), but see Van Weers (1978)." 10752,Hystrix javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,javanica,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1823)", 10750,Hystrix crassispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,crassispinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)",Generic synonyms = Acanthion; Thecurus. 10746,Hystrix cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,cristata,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22132,Trichys fasciculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Trichys,fasciculata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1801)", 136539,Monticolomys koopmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Monticolomys,koopmani,,,,,"Carleton & Goodman, 1996", 136625,Steatomys bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,bocagei,,,,,"Thomas, 1892", 20721,Steatomys parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,parvus,,,,,"Rhoads, 1896",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 20719,Steatomys cuppedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,cuppedius,,,,,"Thomas & Hinton, 1920",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 20718,Steatomys caurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,caurinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 136513,Steatomys opimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,opimus,,,,,"Pousargues, 1894", 2997,Brachyuromys betsileoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Brachyuromys,betsileoensis,,,,,"(Bartlett, 1880)",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 2998,Brachyuromys ramirohitra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Brachyuromys,ramirohitra,,,,,"Major, 1896",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 6440,Dendromus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,insignis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)",This species belongs to the mesomelas species complex. Species is likely to be split in to several species (Julian Kerbis Peterhans pers. comm.). 6439,Dendromus kahuziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,kahuziensis,,,,,"Dieterlen, 1969", 6444,Dendromus mesomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,mesomelas,,,,,"(Brants, 1827)","Currently, this species complex is in the process of being reassessed. It is probable that D. mesomelas will become a confirmed species distributed south of the Zambezi River, whereas those occurring north of this will be described as D. nyasae (P.J. Taylor pers. comm. 2015). Additionally, although previously included within this species, D. insignis, D. oreas and D. vernayi are now considered valid species (Monadjem 2013; Monadjem et al. 2015). Recent chromosomal analysis by Solano et al. (2014) reveals further potential species splits; for example, populations in Mozambique, Zambia and Botswana that are isolated from those in South Africa may in fact reveal separate species. However, additional research is needed to clarify these taxonomic relationships." 6443,Dendromus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,melanotis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain as evidenced by its karyotypic variability and many synonyms (Monadjem 2013). Analysis of chromosomal and molecular variation has revealed the presence of four putative cryptic species within the D. melanotis clade in South Africa (Solano et al. 2014; Monadjem et al. 2015), but further work is needed to clarify their taxonomic relationships." 6442,Dendromus lovati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,lovati,,,,,"(de Winton, 1900)",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 6441,Dendromus kivu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,kivu,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 16777,Petromyscus barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Petromyscus,barbouri,,,,,"Shortridge & Carter, 1938","Barbour’s Rock Mouse was formerly classified as a subspecies of Petromyscus collinus (Shortridge & Carter 1938; de Graaf 1981), but was elevated to species status by Musser and Carleton (2005), which is accepted by Monadjem et al. (2015). Although P. barbouri occur sympatrically with P. collinus, they can be comparatively distinguished by a shorter, bicoloured tail, smaller skull and shorter rostrum (Musser & Carleton 2005). Further taxonomic research is required." 16780,Petromyscus shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Petromyscus,shortridgei,,,,,"Thomas, 1926", 165925,Voalavo antsahabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Voalavo,antsahabensis,,,,,"Goodman, Rakotondravony, Randriamanantsoa & Rakotomalala-Razanahoera, 2005","Until the description of this species in 2005, the genus Voalavo was only known from the mountains of Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy in the Northern Highlands of Madagascar." 18164,Prionomys batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Prionomys,batesi,,,,,"Dollman, 1910", 12647,Macrotarsomys bastardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Macrotarsomys,bastardi,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & G. Grandidier, 1898","Two subspecies have been proposed, the nominate form, and M. b. occidentalis (Ellerman 1949). However, Jansa et al. (2008) concluded that there is little basis for recognizing established subspecies, although molecular data reveal novel patterns of diversity and geographic structure within this species." 2991,Brachytarsomys albicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Brachytarsomys,albicauda,,,,,"Günther, 1875",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 136399,Brachytarsomys villosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Brachytarsomys,villosa,,,,,"Petter, 1962", 9581,Gymnuromys roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Gymnuromys,roberti,,,,,"Major, 1896",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 14262,Mystromys albicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Mystromys,albicaudatus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1834)","Originally described in the genus Otomys, molecular studies have confirmed that Mystromys belongs in the Nesomyidae family and represents a separate ancient lineage (the Mystromyinae) divergent from the Cricetomyinae, Dendromurinae, Petromyscinae and Nesomyinae (Jansa et al. 1999). This genus is monotypic and only one species is presently recognized, so this species is a phylogenetic rarity," 136475,Nesomys audeberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Nesomys,audeberti,,,,,"Jentink, 1879","The population of Nesomys audeberti occurring on the Masaola Peninsula may represent an undescribed species (M.D. Carleton, unpubl.)." 14671,Nesomys rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Nesomys,rufus,,,,,"Peters, 1870",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 12937,Megadendromus nikolausi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Megadendromus,nikolausi,,,,,"Deiterlen & Rupp, 1978",Recent analysis strongly suggests that the species belongs with the genus Dendromus (Lavrenchenko et al. 2016). 7621,Eliurus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,minor,,,,,"Major, 1896",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 7622,Eliurus majori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,majori,,,,,"Thomas, 1895","Specimens from Ambohijanahary and Ambohitantely Special Reserves are herein provisionally considered as being E. majori; although of uncertain status, they possess majori-like features (Carleton and Goodman 2007)." 29460,Eliurus grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,grandidieri,,,,,"Carleton & Goodman, 1998",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 48267436,Eliurus antsingy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,antsingy,,,,,"Carleton, Goodman & Rakotondravony, 2001", 7623,Eliurus myoxinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,myoxinus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1855",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 7624,Eliurus penicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,penicillatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1908","The distinctiveness of this taxon from Eliurus majori had previously been questioned (Carleton 2003); however, based on new information the validity has been confirmed (M.D. Carleton and D. Rakotondravony, unpubl)." 136316,Eliurus petteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,petteri,,,,,"Carleton, 1994", 7625,Eliurus tanala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,tanala,,,,,"Major, 1896",A population has been found with characteristics that fall in between Eliurus webbi and Eliurus tanala in the Daraina Forest (M. Raherisehena pers. comm.). The taxonomic status of this population needs to be resolved. 7626,Eliurus webbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,webbi,,,,,"Ellerman, 1949",A population has been found with characteristics that fall in between Eliurus webbi and Eliurus tanala in the Daraina Forest (M. Raherisehena pers. comm.). The taxonomic status of this population needs to be resolved. 136331,Aconaemys porteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Aconaemys,porteri,,,,,"Thomas, 1917","This had been known only by the type specimen (Thomas, 1917). Pearson (1984) rediscovered the species in Ruca Malen, Argentina and concluded that A. fuscus and A. porteri were conspecific. He also described a third species, A. sagei." 15091,Octodontomys gliroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Octodontomys,gliroides,,,,,"(Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844)", 16776,Petromus typicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,PETROMURIDAE,Petromus,typicus,,,,,"A. Smith, 1831","The Petromuridae family consists of a single species, Petromus typicus, which is endemic to the southwest arid region of Africa (Sénégas 2004; Monadjem et al. 2015). A number of forms of this species have been described (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), but de Graaf (1981) proposed a revision of the Petromuridae family, due to the large number of subspecies described over a limited area. Additionally, Musser and Carleton (1993) proposed that many of these subspecies should be discredited. Further analyses are required to delineate the taxonomic structure of this genus." 22605,Typhlomys cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,PLATACANTHOMYIDAE,Typhlomys,cinereus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1877",Further studies are needed into the systematics of this probable species complex (D. Lunde pers. comm.). 42460,Rhinosciurus laticaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Rhinosciurus,laticaudatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1840)", 16734,Petinomys fuscocapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,fuscocapillus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1847)","Ellerman (1940, 1961) included two subspecies, namely Petinomys fuscocapillus fuscocapillus (Jerdon, 1847) and Petinomys fuscocapillus layardi (Kelaart, 1850). Phillips (1981) gave a detailed account of Petinomys fuscocapillus layardi (Kelaart, 1850). Corbet and Hill (1992) synonymized the latter taxon with the nominate race. The populations in Sri Lanka and India may represent separate species." 16733,Petinomys crinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,crinitus,,,,,"(Hollister, 1911)",Needs to exclude P. mindanensis. 16739,Petinomys setosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,setosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1844)","Northern populations of Petinomys setosus are recognised as distinct a subspecies and may even be a distinct species, owing to a large geographic gap." 136439,Petinomys mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,mindanensis,,,,,"(Rabor, 1939)","Paratype of mindanensis is probably not P. crinitus as previously thought, but a distinct species of Petinomys (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 112296031,Hylopetes sagitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,sagitta,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", Jackson and Thorington (2012) returns this species to the genus Hylopetes and synonymize it with H. lepidus although the taxonomic relationships remain unclear. 16736,Petinomys hageni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,hageni,,,,,"(Jentink, 1888)", 16737,Petinomys lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,lugens,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)","Formerly included in hageni, but see Chasen and Kloss (1927) and Jenkins and Hill (1982). This species is part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago." 11307,Lariscus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Lariscus,obscurus,,,,,"(Miller, 1903)",Formerly included in insignis (Chasen 1940) or niobe (Chasen and Kloss 1927). This species is part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago. 11305,Lariscus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Lariscus,insignis,,,,,"(F.Cuvier, 1821)", 11304,Lariscus hosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Lariscus,hosei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)", 16202,Paraxerus vexillarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,vexillarius,,,,,"(Kershaw, 1923)", 16206,Paraxerus cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,cooperi,,,,,"Hayman, 1950","This species has been included in the genus Montisciurus, and also the genus Aethosciurus." 10604,Hylopetes nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,nigripes,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)", 10606,Hylopetes sipora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,sipora,,,,,"Chasen, 1940", 10605,Hylopetes phayrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,phayrei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1859)", 10608,Hylopetes winstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,winstoni,,,,,"(Sody, 1949)",Taxonomic status needs to be evaluated with more specimens in order to determine whether specifically distinct from H. bartelsi. 136262,Hylopetes platyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,platyurus,,,,,"(Jentink, 1890)","Formerly included in H. lepidus (Hill 1962, Pavlinov et al. 1995), but see Thorington et al. (1996). Corbet and Hill (1992) listed aurantiacus as a synonym, here placed in H. spadiceus (Thorington and Hoffmann 2005). Jackson and Thorington (2012) and Phillipps and Phillipps (2016) consider the Bornean populations of H. lepidus to be H. platyurus." 10600,Hylopetes alboniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,alboniger,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)","Taxonomy needs revision, particularly for populations in Thailand, Lao PDR and Viet Nam." 8436,Exilisciurus concinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Exilisciurus,concinnus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)",Synonyms = E. luncefordi; E. samaricus; E. surrutilus. 8438,Exilisciurus whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Exilisciurus,whiteheadi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1887)", 7899,Epixerus ebii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Epixerus,ebii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)",We follow Happold (in press) by including Epixerus wilsoni in E. ebii. 18703,Pteromyscus pulverulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Pteromyscus,pulverulentus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 42461,Sciurus aberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,aberti,,,,,"Woodhouse, 1853", 42462,Sciurus carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,carolinensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788", 20021,Sciurus sanborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,sanborni,,,,,"Osgood, 1944",This species is monotypic (Koprowski et al. 2016). 20024,Sciurus variegatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,variegatoides,,,,,"Ogilby, 1839", 20018,Sciurus pucheranii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,pucheranii,,,,,"(Fitzinger, 1867)","There are three recognized subspecies: S. p. pucheranii, S.p. caucensis, and S.p. medellinensis ( Koprowski et al. 2016)." 20017,Sciurus oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,oculatus,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 20020,Sciurus richmondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,richmondi,,,,,"Nelson, 1898",Molecular data suggest taxonomy is problematic (Mercer and Roth unpublished data). 20019,Sciurus pyrrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,pyrrhinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1898",This species is monotypic (Koprowski et al. 2016). 20009,Sciurus gilvigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,gilvigularis,,,,,"Wagner, 1842",There are two recognized subspecies: S. g. gilvigularis and S. g. paraensis (Koprowski et al. 2016). 20012,Sciurus ignitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,ignitus,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)","Five subspecies are recognized: S. i. ignitus, S. i. argentinus, S. i. bolivensis, S. i. cabrerai, and S. i. irroratus (Koprowski et al. 2016). " 20005,Sciurus arizonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,arizonensis,,,,,"Coues, 1867",There is a disagreement whether or not three subspecies of S. arizonensis should be recognized. This species is monotypic (Koprowski et al. 2016). 20006,Sciurus aureogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,aureogaster,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1829", 20007,Sciurus colliaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,colliaei,,,,,"Richardson, 1839", 20008,Sciurus flammifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,flammifer,,,,,"Thomas, 1904",This species is monotypic (Koprowski et al. 2016). 20003,Sciurus aestuans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,aestuans,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766",Population in Colombia needs taxonomic clarification. 20004,Sciurus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,alleni,,,,,"Nelson, 1898",Generic synonyms = Guerlingeutus; Neosciurus. 19474,Rheithrosciurus macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Rheithrosciurus,macrotis,,,,,"(Gray, 1856)",Was in incorrectly before 2004 as Rheithrosciursus 7781,Eoglaucomys fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Eoglaucomys,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1837)",The genus was formerly included in Hylopetes. Hylopetes barberi is also considered to be conspecific and is often treated as a subspecies. 21162,Sundasciurus samarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,samarensis,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)","Corbet and Hill (1992) synonymized Sundasciurus davensis, S. mindanensis, and S. samarensis with S. philippinensis." 42566,Sundasciurus hoogstraali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,hoogstraali,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1952)",Taxonomic research is needed to identify whether these insular populations are distinct from other squirrels of the Palawan Faunal Region. 42567,Sundasciurus mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,mindanensis,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)","Corbet and Hill (1992) synonymized Sundasciurus davensis, S. mindanensis, and S. samarensis with S. philippinensis." 21163,Sundasciurus steerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,steerii,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 21164,Sundasciurus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,tenuis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1824)", 21157,Sundasciurus juvencus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,juvencus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1908)", 21158,Sundasciurus lowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,lowii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)", 21159,Sundasciurus moellendorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,moellendorffi,,,,,"(Matschie, 1898)", 21160,Sundasciurus philippinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,philippinensis,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)","This species may be conspecific with Sundasciurus davensis, S. mindanensis, and S. samarensis (Heaney et al. 1987, Corbet and Hill 1992)." 21153,Sundasciurus brookei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,brookei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)",Generic synonym = Calliosciurus. 21155,Sundasciurus hippurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,hippurus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1831)", 21156,Sundasciurus jentinki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,jentinki,,,,,"(Thomas, 1887)", 21378,Tamiasciurus mearnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamiasciurus,mearnsi,,,,,"Townsend, 1897", 19999,Sciurotamias forresti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurotamias,forresti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1922)","This species is often assigned to its own genus, Rupestes (Smith and Xie 2008)." 1149,Ammospermophilus nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ammospermophilus,nelsoni,,,,,"(Merriam, 1893)", 8269,Eupetaurus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Eupetaurus,cinereus,,,,,"Thomas, 1888", 21379,Tamiops mcclellandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamiops,mcclellandii,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1840)",The genus Tamiops needs taxonomic review. Species limits are unresolved. This may be a species complex. 21380,Tamiops maritimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamiops,maritimus,,,,,"(Bonhote, 1900)","This species has been included in T. swinhoei in many treatments, but here it is considered independent following Thorington and Hoffmann (2005). The genus Tamiops needs taxonomic review." 21381,Tamiops rodolphii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamiops,rodolphii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)",The genus Tamiops needs taxonomic review. 21382,Tamiops swinhoei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamiops,swinhoei,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1874)",The genus Tamiops requires taxonomic review. The form maritimus has been included in Tamiops swinhoei by many authors (Smith and Xie 2008). 3605,Callosciurus quinquestriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,quinquestriatus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)","Included in C. erythraeus by Moore and Tate (1965), but this distinctly marked species with a very limited range is sympatric with the more widely distributed C. erythraeus in west Yunnan (Corbet and Hill 1992)." 3604,Callosciurus pygerythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,pygerythrus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1832)","Past careless has generated unnecessary confusion surrounding the distribution of this species and Callosciurus inornatus. There are no records of C. inornatus from west of the Mekong, nor any of C. pygerythrus from east of the Mekong (most indeed are from west of the Irrawaddy)." 3603,Callosciurus prevostii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,prevostii,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)",There are at least five subspecies which differ greatly in pelage: including C. p. pluto in Sabah; C. p. caroli in southern Sarawak; C. p. atricapillus in central Sarawak; and C. p. borneensis in central Borneo (Payne et al. 2005). 3602,Callosciurus phayrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,phayrei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)",Considered a distinct species by Moore and Tate (1965) instead of a subspecies of flavimanus. 3601,Callosciurus orestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,orestes,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)","Formerly considered a subspecies of C. nigrovittatus (Medway 1977), but clearly distinct (Payne et al. 1985)." 3599,Callosciurus nigrovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,nigrovittatus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1823)", 3597,Callosciurus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,inornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Callosciurus pygerythrus following Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but separated on the basis pelage characteristics (Corbet and Hill 1992). This confusion led to the listing of Lao PDR and Viet Nam in the stated distribution of C. pygerythrus by several treatments. C. caniceps is likely to be a more closely related taxon (Corbet and Hill 1992), those two species have allopatric distribution separated by the Mekong River (Moore and Tate 1965)." 3598,Callosciurus melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,melanogaster,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)", 3595,Callosciurus erythraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,erythraeus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1779)","A major structured program of collecting is required to clarify the complex taxonomy of this species in Lao PDR (Evans et al. 2000). Often occurs in reports under the name C. flavimanus even in lists that also include C. erythraeus. This is symptomatic over the general confusion of squirrel identification in the region (Duckworth et al. pers. comm.). There are many named and still unnamed forms in Thailand, Lao PDR and Viet Nam some of which have small ranges. Whether any merit species rank is unclear but there is no persuasive reason for any as yet detected form to be considered at risk (Duckworth et al. pers. comm.)." 3596,Callosciurus finlaysonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,finlaysonii,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1823)",Revised and expanded to include ferrugineus by Corbet and Hill (1992). 3593,Callosciurus baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,baluensis,,,,,"(Bonhote, 1901)", 3594,Callosciurus caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,caniceps,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","In the past many have considered C. caniceps a subspecies of C. erythraeus, which in turn has at least 80 synonyms (Corbet and Hill 1992, Thorington and Hoffmann 2005)." 3591,Callosciurus adamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,adamsi,,,,,"Kloss, 1921", 13411,Microsciurus mimulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Microsciurus,mimulus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)","Taxonomy needs reconsideration. In South America, molecular studies suggest the taxonomy of Microsciurus is confused (Mercer and Roth pers. comm.)." 13412,Microsciurus santanderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Microsciurus,santanderensis,,,,,"(Hernandez-Camacho, 1957)","Molecular data suggest that species level taxonomy of Microsciurus is confused. Koprowski et al. (2016) considered this to be a monotypic species." 13409,Microsciurus alfari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Microsciurus,alfari,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1895)",Systematics of Microsciurus still problematic because the southern disjunct range in Colombia is probably a different species (Emmons and Timm pers. comm.). 13410,Microsciurus flaviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Microsciurus,flaviventer,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)","The taxonomy of this species needs to be updated. Currently eight subspecies are recognized: M. f. faliventer, M. f. napi, M. f. otinus, M. f. peruanus, M. f. rubrirostris, M. f. sabanillae, M. f. similis, M. f. simonsi (Koprowski et al. 2016)." 9283,Glyphotes simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Glyphotes,simus,,,,,"Thomas, 1898",Sometimes included within Callosciurus (Payne et al. 1985). 136313,Dremomys gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Dremomys,gularis,,,,,"Osgood, 1932","This distinctive species has in the past been included in D. pyrrhomerus or D. rufigenis, but their diagnostic characters are constant, leading Corbet and Hill (1992) and Li et al. (2008) to justify their specific rank." 6820,Dremomys everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Dremomys,everetti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1890)", 6824,Dremomys rufigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Dremomys,rufigenis,,,,,"(Blanford, 1878)",High altitude populations of the genus in northern Lao PDR and Viet Nam require taxonomic investigation (J.W. Duckworth pers. comm. 2008). 18365,Prosciurillus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Prosciurillus,weberi,,,,,"(Jentink, 1890)","Prosciurillus weberi is a member of a species group that includes P. leucomus, P. alstoni, P. topapuensis, and P. rosenbergii, all endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands (Musser et al. 2010)." 112297404,Prosciurillus leucomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Prosciurillus,leucomus,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1844)","Prosciurillus leucomus is a member of a species complex that includes P. alstoni, P. weberi, P. topapuensis, and P. rosenbergii, all endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands (Musser et al. 2016)." 136574,Prosciurillus rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Prosciurillus,rosenbergii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1879)", 18364,Prosciurillus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Prosciurillus,murinus,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1844)","Recent taxonomic assessments support the validity of this species.  Its closest relative, based upon body size, fur color, and craniodental morpometric traits, is P. abtrusus, which is endemic to montane forest in the Mekongga Range located on the southeastern peninsula of Sulawesi (Musser et al. 2010)." 18362,Prosciurillus abstrusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Prosciurillus,abstrusus,,,,,"Moore, 1958", 2756,Belomys pearsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Belomys,pearsonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 19997,Sciurillus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurillus,pusillus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1803)","There are three recognized subspecies: S. p. pusillus, S. p. glaucinus and S. p. kuhlii. It is possible that these subspecies represent distinct species (Koprowski et al. 2016)." 39553,Glaucomys sabrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Glaucomys,sabrinus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1801)",This may be a species complex. 42459,Marmota olympus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,olympus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1898)","Marmota olympus was previously regarded as a subspecies of M. marmota by some authors. It was regarded as a distinct species by Jones et al. (1992), Hoffmann et al. (in Wilson and Reeder 1993), and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 42455,Marmota broweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,broweri,,,,,"Hall & Gilmore, 1934","Marmota broweri was regarded as a synonym or subspecies of M. caligata, the hoary marmot of western North America, in the past, but Jones et al. (1992) and Hoffman et al. (in Wilson and Reeder 1993) and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized M. broweri and M. caligata as distinct species." 12832,Marmota sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,sibirica,,,,,"(Radde, 1862)", 12827,Marmota menzbieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,menzbieri,,,,,"(Kashkarov, 1925)","Marmota is divided into four species groups, including the caudata group which contains M. caudata and M. menzbieri. These species have been shown not to be sister species (Steppan et al. 2011). There are two recognised subspecies of M.  menzbieri (Marmota menzbieri menzbieri and Marmota menzbieri zachidovi), each subspecies has its own geographic isolate (Krystufek and Vohralik 2013). Morphological differences are slight, but relatively deep genetic divergence was reported in this species (Steppan et al. 2011)." 12828,Marmota vancouverensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,vancouverensis,,,,,"Swarth, 1911","Marmota vancouverensis formerly was regarded as a subspecies of M. marmota by some authors. It was recognized as a distinct species by Jones et al (1992), Hoffmann et al. (in Wilson and Reeder 1993), and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 21260,Syntheosciurus brochus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Syntheosciurus,brochus,,,,,"Bangs, 1902", 8704,Funambulus tristriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funambulus,tristriatus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)", 88813572,Funambulus sublineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funambulus,sublineatus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)","

Sufficient Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), morphological, and morphometric data now exist to rank the two subspecies of Funambulus sublineatus (obscurus and sublineatus) as separate species: data reveal a clear difference in pelage and body measurements. Morphological evidence further suggests a sister relationship with allopatric F. obscurus.

It is recommended that the reliability of the mtDNA signal observed be established to more accurately determine the evolutionary relationships between the two species (Dissanayake and Oshida 2012).

" 8700,Funambulus layardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funambulus,layardi,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)",Individuals in India have been incorrectly identified and are likely to represent Funambulus sublineatus (S. Molur pers. comm). Phylogenetic studies were done by Disanayake and Oshida (2012) and discuss the species position of F. layardi and F. sublineatus in India and Sri Lanka. 9834,Heliosciurus ruwenzorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Heliosciurus,ruwenzorii,,,,,"(Schwann, 1904)", 6090,Cynomys parvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Cynomys,parvidens,,,,,"J. A. Allen, 1905",Cynomys parvidens has been regarded as a subspecies of Cynomys leucurus by some authors. Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized the two taxa as distinct species. 42454,Cynomys leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Cynomys,leucurus,,,,,"Merriam, 1890",Cynomys parvidens has been regarded as a subspecies of Cynomys leucurus by some authors. Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized the two taxa as distinct species. 19376,Ratufa affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ratufa,affinis,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)", 19381,Ratufa macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ratufa,macroura,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)","There are three very distinct subspecies, with one present in India and all three present in Sri Lanka. Ellerman (1961) listed three subspecies that were accepted later by Moore and Tate (1965), Phillips (1981) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Ratufa macroura macroura, restricted to the lowland wet zone; Ratufa macroura dandolena, restricted to the dry zone lowland; and Ratufa macroura melanochra, restricted to the mountain zone (Goonatilake pers. comm. 2016)." 19377,Ratufa bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ratufa,bicolor,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1778)",Ratufa bicolor possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species 19378,Ratufa indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ratufa,indica,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","There are four or five generally recognized subspecies which might be elevated to species level. Abdulali and Daniel (1952) reported eight colour forms of this taxon from its range in India. Ellerman (1961) listed five subspecies - R. i. indica (Erxleben, 1777), R. i. superans Ryley, 1913, R. i. bengalensis (Blanford, 1897), R. i. centralis Ryley, 1913, and R. i. maxima (Schreber, 1784). Corbet and Hill (1992) following Moore and Tate (1965) recognized four subspecies including R. i. dealbata (Blanford, 1897) a pale coloured population from Gujarat. However, recent surveys have yielded no sightings of this taxon in its range in Gujarat (Molur et al. 2005)." 10635,Hyosciurus heinrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hyosciurus,heinrichi,,,,,"Archbold & Tate, 1935", 20488,Urocitellus parryii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,parryii,,,,,"Richardson, 1825", 42561,Urocitellus richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,richardsonii,,,,,"Sabine, 1822","Spermophilus elegans formerly was included in this species (Zegers 1984). Several studies have demonstrated the specific distinctness of S. elegans and S. richardsonii (see Hoffmann et al., in Wilson and Reeder 1993). This species is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 42562,Callospermophilus saturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callospermophilus,saturatus,,,,,"Rhoads, 1895","Formerly considered a subspecies of Spermophilus lateralis, but elevated to species status by (Leung and Cheng 1994). This species is recognized under a new genus, Callospermophilus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 20487,Ictidomys mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ictidomys,mexicanus,,,,,"Erxleben, 1777", 42563,Xerospermophilus spilosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerospermophilus,spilosoma,,,,,"Bennett, 1833", 20486,Spermophilus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,major,,,,,"Pallas, 1779", 42564,Ictidomys tridecemlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ictidomys,tridecemlineatus,,,,,"Mitchill, 1821","This species is known to hybridize at several localities with S. mexicanus (see Thorington and Hoffmann, in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 20485,Callospermophilus madrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callospermophilus,madrensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1901","This species is recognized under a new genus, Callospermophilus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 20484,Spermophilus fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,fulvus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823",Five subspecies are recognised. Spermophilus fulvus hybridizes with S. major in areas where these two species overlap. 20481,Otospermophilus beecheyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Otospermophilus,beecheyi,,,,,"(Richardson, 1829)", 20496,Spermophilus xanthoprymnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,xanthoprymnus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1835)", 136231,Spermophilus pallidicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,pallidicauda,,,,,"(Satunin, 1903)",This species was recently separated from Spermophilus erythrogenys (Harrison et al. 2003). 20495,Otospermophilus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Otospermophilus,variegatus,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)", 20494,Urocitellus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,undulatus,,,,,"Pallas, 1778", 20493,Xerospermophilus tereticaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerospermophilus,tereticaudus,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 20491,Spermophilus relictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,relictus,,,,,"(Kashkarov, 1923)", 20490,Spermophilus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1778)", 20489,Xerospermophilus perotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerospermophilus,perotensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1893","This species is now recognized under a new genus, Xerospermophilus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 42463,Urocitellus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,armatus,,,,,"Kennicott, 1863", 42464,Urocitellus beldingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,beldingi,,,,,"Merriam, 1888", 41787,Poliocitellus franklinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Poliocitellus,franklinii,,,,,"Sabine, 1822","This species is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009). No subspecies are currently recognized. It is similar in appearance to Urocitellus richardsonii and Urocitellus columbianus, but more slender than either of these species. In addition, P. franklinii has a shorter, less bushy tail than Urocitellus richardsonii and speckled brownish gray pelage, unlike the rusty pelage of Urocitellus columbianus. The skull of P. franklinii is similar to that of Sciurus carolinensis, but P. franklinii has narrower eye orbits and lacks prominent postorbital processes (Ostroff and Finck 2003). Available DNA sequence data (from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene) place P. franklinii closer to a clade composed of Ictidomys tridecemlineatus and Xerospermophilus spilosoma." 42467,Urocitellus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,elegans,,,,,"Kennicott, 1863","Formerly included in S. richardsonii, but several authors have documented the specific distinctness of S. elegans (see Hoffmann et al., in Wilson and Reeder 1993; Thorington and Hoffmann, in Wilson and Reeder 2005). Includes subspecies elegans, aureus, and nevadensis,, all formerly included in S. richardsonii. This species is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 42468,Callospermophilus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callospermophilus,lateralis,,,,,"Say, 1823",Spermophilus saturatus formerly was included in this species. 42465,Urocitellus canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,canus,,,,,"Merriam, 1898","Spermophilus canus and S. mollis formerly were included in S. townsendii. Baker et al. (2003) and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized the three taxa as distinct species, noting their distinct cytotypes and lack of hybridization. Includes vigilis (see Vorontsov and Lyapunova 1970, Nadler et al. 1984, wherein that junior synonym was employed as the species name). This species is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 42466,Urocitellus columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,columbianus,,,,,"Ord, 1815", 20477,Notocitellus adocetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Notocitellus,adocetus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1903)","Generic synonyms are Callospermophilus, Citellus, Otospermophilus. This species is now recognized under the genus Notocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 20479,Notocitellus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Notocitellus,annulatus,,,,,"(Audubon & Bachman, 1842)", 20474,Xerospermophilus mohavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerospermophilus,mohavensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1889","Spermophilus mohavensis and S. tereticaudus hybridize along a small, narrow, stable contact zone (Helendale, Coyote Dry Lake) that coincides with a Wisconsinan pluvial barrier; the two taxa exhibit a consistent difference in diploid number (Hafner and Yates 1983, Hafner 1992). This species is now recognized under a new genus Xerospermosphilus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 136455,Spermophilus ralli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,ralli,,,,,"(Kuznetsov, 1948)","This species is often included as a subspecies of Spermophilus relictus, but has recently been separated (Harrison et al. 2003)." 136590,Spermophilus taurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,taurensis,,,,,"Gündüz, Jaarola, Tez, Yeniyurt, Polly & Searle, 2007","Until recently, all ground squirrels in Anatolian Turkey were classified together as S. xanthoprymnus, but the Taurus Mountains population has recently been described as a separate species, S. taurensis." 42568,Neotamias alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,alpinus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1893)",This species is recognized under the genus Neotamias (Jenner and Spicer 2007). 21364,Neotamias canipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,canipes,,,,,"(V. Bailey, 1902)","This species formerly was regarded as a subspecies of T. cinereicollis; it was elevated to species status by Fleharty (1960) and regarded as such by Jones et al. (1992), Hoffmann et al. (in Wilson and Reeder 1993), Baker et al. (2003) and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005). This species is recognized under the genus Neotamias (Jenner and Spicer 2007)." 42570,Neotamias cinereicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,cinereicollis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1890)", 42573,Neotamias ochrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,ochrogenys,,,,,"(Merriam, 1897)","Elevated to full species status (from subspecies of T. townsendii) by Sutton and Nadler (1974). Full species status of ochrogenys was rejected by Levenson and Hoffmann (1984) and Jones et al. (1986). See Gannon and Lawlor (1989) for vocalization information supporting recognition of ochrogenys as a distinct species. Jones et al. (1992) and Hoffmann et al. (in Wilson and Reeder 1993) accepted T. ochrogenys as a distinct species. This species is recognized under the genus Neotamias (Jenner and Spicer 2007)." 42574,Neotamias panamintinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,panamintinus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1893)", 42575,Neotamias quadrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,quadrimaculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)",This species is recognized under the genus Neotamias (Jenner and Spicer 2007). 21355,Neotamias palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,palmeri,,,,,"(Merriam, 1897)","This species formerly was regarded as a subspecies of Tamias umbrinus by some authors. It is recognized under the genus Neotamias (Jenner and Spicer 2007)." 42577,Neotamias ruficaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,ruficaudus,,,,,"(A.H. Howell, 1920)", 42580,Neotamias siskiyou,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,siskiyou,,,,,"(A.H. Howell, 1922)","Elevated from a subspecies of townsendii by Sutton and Nadler (1974). It is recognized under the genus Neotamias  (Jenner and Spicer 2007)." 42579,Neotamias senex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,senex,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1890)",Elevated from a subspecies of townsendii by Sutton and Nadler (1974). 21359,Neotamias obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,obscurus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1890)", 21357,Neotamias durangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,durangae,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1903)","Recognized under the genus, Neotamias (Jenner and Spicer 2007)." 21358,Neotamias merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,merriami,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1889)", 16714,Petaurillus emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurillus,emiliae,,,,,"Thomas, 1908",Taxonomic experts need to check whether this is distinctive from P. hosei. 555,Aeretes melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Aeretes,melanopterus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)",There are currently two recognized subspecies: Aeretes melanopterus melanopterus and A. m. szechuanensis (Thorington and Hoffmann 2005). 8761,Funisciurus leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,leucogenys,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1842)", 18701,Pteromys momonga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Pteromys,momonga,,,,,"Temminck, 1844", 22297,Trogopterus xanthipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Trogopterus,xanthipes,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)", 556,Aeromys tephromelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Aeromys,tephromelas,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 16722,Petaurista nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,nobilis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 16721,Petaurista magnificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,magnificus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 16719,Petaurista elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,elegans,,,,,"(Müller, 1840)","Petaurista elegans possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. Currently, 8 subspecies have been reported to occur (Thorington et al. 2012)" 21299,Tachyoryctes splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Tachyoryctes,splendens,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)","We follow Happold (in press) by including ankoliae, annectens, audax, daemon, ibeanus, naivashae, rex, ruandae, ruddi, spalacinus and storeyi within Tachyoryctes splendens." 14119,Myospalax myospalax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Myospalax,myospalax,,,,,"(Laxmann, 1773)", 21846,Thryonomys gregorianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,THRYONOMYIDAE,Thryonomys,gregorianus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)", 41491,Ptilocercus lowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,PTILOCERCIDAE,Ptilocercus,lowii,,,,,"Gray, 1848","This species was assigned to the family Ptilocercidae by Shoshani and McKenna (1998), based on its possession of a number of unique external, craniodental and postcranial characters (Helgen 2005). This placement has recently been corroborated by molecular data (Janecka et al. 2007)." 6405,Dendrogale melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Dendrogale,melanura,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)", 41490,Dendrogale murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Dendrogale,murina,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1843)", 39593,Anathana ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Anathana,ellioti,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1850)","Lyon (1913) split Anathana ellioti into three species erecting A. pallida and A. wroughtoni along with the nominate species. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) synonymized the latter two under the nominate species but retained their taxonomic validity as subspecies (Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2004, Chakraborty 2005)." 41501,Tupaia tana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,tana,,,,,"Raffles, 1821","Several subspecies are recognized (see Medway 1997, Helgen 2005)." 41498,Tupaia montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,montana,,,,,"Thomas, 1892", 41497,Tupaia minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,minor,,,,,"Günther, 1876","This species is sympatric with, and rather similar morphologically to, Tupaia gracilis (K.H. Han pers. comm.)" 41500,Tupaia splendidula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,splendidula,,,,,"Gray, 1865", 41499,Tupaia picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,picta,,,,,"Thomas, 1892",Two subspecies have been recognized (Medway 1977). 41493,Tupaia dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,dorsalis,,,,,"Schlegel, 1857", 41496,Tupaia javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,javanica,,,,,"Horsfield, 1822", 41492,Tupaia belangeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,belangeri,,,,,"(Wagner, 1841)","This species was formerly included as a subspecies of Tupaia glis, until chromosomal studies by Arrighi et al. (1969) and Elliot et al. (1969) showed it to be distinct. Subsequent authors have continued to recognize this as a distinct species (Wilson 1993, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2004, Helgen 2005), but it likely represents a species complex with a distinct northern form in China (Han 2000)." 41313,Nesophontes edithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,NESOPHONTIDAE,Nesophontes,edithae,,,,,"Anthony, 1916","This species was previously removed from The IUCN Red List because it was considered to have become extinct before 1500 AD. However, it is now known to have survived into modern times." 14676,Nesophontes zamicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,NESOPHONTIDAE,Nesophontes,zamicrus,,,,,"Miller, 1929", 14673,Nesophontes micrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,NESOPHONTIDAE,Nesophontes,micrus,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1917", 14674,Nesophontes paramicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,NESOPHONTIDAE,Nesophontes,paramicrus,,,,,"Miller, 1929", 14672,Nesophontes hypomicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,NESOPHONTIDAE,Nesophontes,hypomicrus,,,,,"Miller, 1929", 136381,Nesophontes major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,NESOPHONTIDAE,Nesophontes,major,,,,,"Arredondo, 1970", 4648,Chimarrogale phaeura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chimarrogale,phaeura,,,,,"Thomas, 1898","C. phaeura was considered a subspecies of himalayica by Medway (1977), but Corbet (1978) and Jones and Mumford (1971) distinguished styani and phaeura as separate species. Additionally, sumatrana was considered part of phaeura by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966), but Gureev (1979) listed them separately." 4647,Chimarrogale hantu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chimarrogale,hantu,,,,,"Harrison, 1958","This species is included in Chimarrogale himalayica, by Medway (1977) and other authors, but it is retained as a separate species by Jones and Mumford (1971). It differs considerably in its morphology and ecology from the species that inhabit the Himalayan region (Hutterer 2005)." 4649,Chimarrogale sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chimarrogale,sumatrana,,,,,"(Thomas, 1921)","This species is known from a holotype, which is damaged. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) considered this species as a subspecies of C. phaeura, whereas C. sumatrana was considered distinct by Harrison (1958) and Gureev (1979) due to evidence concerning its cranial anatomy." 40615,Chimarrogale platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chimarrogale,platycephalus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1842)", 29659,Neomys teres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Neomys,teres,,,,,"Miller, 1908", 136365,Blarinella griselda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Blarinella,griselda,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","This species is intermediate in body size, tail length, and fur colour compared with the other two species of Blarinella, and its distribution is between those two as well. In the past this has been considered evidence of intergradation, and griselda and wardi have therefore been regarded as subspecies of B. quadraticauda (Hoffmann 1987). However, recent evidence indicates that the three species are morphologically distinct and show no evidence of intergrading with each other (Jiang et al. 2003)." 2825,Blarinella wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Blarinella,wardi,,,,,"Thomas, 1915","Allen (1938), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and subsequent authors included this species in B. guadraticauda. According to skull data measurements (Hoffmann 1987), B. wardi has a much smaller skull than that of B. guadraticauda, and for this reason it was regarded as distinct (Hutterer 1993, 2005). These differences were recognized by Corbet (1978) and Lunde et al. (2003)." 40613,Blarinella quadraticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Blarinella,quadraticauda,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1872)", 136838,Cryptotis orophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,orophila,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1895)","Until recently this taxon was a subspecies of C. parva, but it was given species rank by Woodman (2002)." 136299,Cryptotis merus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,merus,,,,,"Goldman, 1912","This species is monotypic. The genre of the genus Cryptotis is masculine, not feminine (Gardner 2005), therefore, the epithet must change from mera to merus." 136639,Cryptotis phillipsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,phillipsii,,,,,"(Schaldach, 1966)", 136438,Cryptotis equatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,equatoris,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)","The taxonomy of this species is unresolved and this taxon likely represents a species complex (Woodman 2008). It was revised by Vivar et al. (1997), who listed osgoodi as a subspecies; however, Moreno-Cárdenas & Albuja (2014), making a taxonomic revision of several populations of this species, conclude that both subspecies, really represent different species and recognize the validity of Cryptotis osgoodi. This species is monotypic." 136734,Cryptotis peruviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,peruviensis,,,,,"Vivar, Pacheco & Valqui, 1997",This species is monotypic (Woodman and Péfaur 2007). 136795,Cryptotis colombiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,colombiana,,,,,"Woodman & Timm, 1993", 136736,Cryptotis brachyonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,brachyonyx,,,,,"Woodman, 2003",This species is monotypic (Woodman and Péfaur 2007). 41378,Cryptotis squamipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,squamipes,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1912)",The taxonomy of this species is unclear (N. Woodman pers. comm.). 136550,Cryptotis peregrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,peregrina,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)", 136488,Cryptotis mayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,mayensis,,,,,"(Merriam, 1901)", 136789,Cryptotis alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,alticola,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)",This species is monotypic (Ceballos and Arroyo 2014). 136389,Cryptotis nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,nelsoni,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)", 5765,Cryptotis hondurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,hondurensis,,,,,"Woodman & Timm, 1992", 5766,Cryptotis magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,magna,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)", 5763,Cryptotis endersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,endersi,,,,,"Setzer, 1950", 5764,Cryptotis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,gracilis,,,,,"Miller, 1911", 136267,Cryptotis medellinia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,medellinia,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","This species is monotypic. The genre of the genus Cryptotis is masculine, not feminine (Gardner 2005), therefore the epithet must change from medellinia to medellinius." 41371,Cryptotis goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,goldmani,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)", 41375,Cryptotis montivaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,montivaga,,,,,"(Anthony, 1921)","Revised by Vivar et al. (1997), who called it montivagus. The taxonomy of this species is unclear (N. Woodman pers. comm.), but it is thought to be part of the C. thomasi group. This species is monotypic. The gender of the genus Cryptotis is masculine, not feminine (Gardner 2005), therefore, the epithet must change from montivaga to montivagus." 41376,Cryptotis nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,nigrescens,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1895)", 41374,Cryptotis mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,mexicana,,,,,"(Coues, 1877)", 136462,Cryptotis obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,obscura,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)", 136757,Cryptotis tropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,tropicalis,,,,,"(Merriam, 1895)","This taxon was until recently considered a subspecies of parva, but is included in Hutterer (2005), and hence here as a species. This species is monotypic (Carraway 2014)." 14111,Myosorex blarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,blarina,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 14108,Myosorex longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,longicaudatus,,,,,"Meester & Dippenaar, 1978","A recent molecular study found this species to be genetically distinct from the other southern African species (Willows-Munro and Matthee 2009). In the phylogeny presented, Myosorex longicaudatus is sister to a clade containing the Tanzanian species M. geata and M. kihaulei, while all the other southern African Myosorex species formed a well-supported monophyletic lineage.

This species will possibly be split into M. l. longicaudatus, the type specimen which originates from the Knysna Forest (Meester and Dippenaar 1978), and M. l. boosmani.

The latter subpopulation, tentatively labelled a subspecies, is found in the Boosmansbos Forest (Langeberg Mountains), which differs in size and cranial configuration from subpopulations in the Knysna Forests (Dippenaar 1995). Molecular work should be undertaken to clarify the taxonomic status of the putative subspecies, as it is likely they represent two separate species." 14106,Myosorex eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,eisentrauti,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968", 41380,Myosorex babaulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,babaulti,,,,,"Heim de Balsac & Lamotte, 1956", 14114,Myosorex sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,sclateri,,,,,"Thomas & Schwann, 1905","Meester et al. (1986) recognised the subspecies Myosorex cafer cafer and M. c. sclateri but biochemical and morphological data suggested a rise to full species status for both taxa (Maddalena and Bronner 1992, Kearney 1993). Myosorex sclateri and M. cafer have thus both been elevated to full species (Willows-Munro 2008). For details on the evolutionary history and relationships within the Myosorex genus see Willows-Munro and Matthee (2009) and Taylor et al. (2013)." 110662121,Myosorex tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,tenuis,,,,,"Thomas & Schwann, 1905","

Roberts (1951) recognised Myosorex tenuis (Thomas and Schwann 1905) as a distinct species based on small cranial size. Although the type specimen is from the Zuurbron, Wakkerstroom District in Mpumalanga Province, he also assigned M. tenuis to specimens from Woodbush and Entabeni Forests in the Soutpansberg Mountains, Limpopo Province. The species was not accepted by Meester et al. (1986) or Skinner and Chimimba (2005), but was tentatively accepted by Jenkins and Churchfield (2013). More recently, Willows-Munro (2008) and Taylor et al. (2013), using a combination of molecular and morphological characters, demonstrated considerable lineage diversification within the M. cafer complex. Isolated populations of M. cafer in the highlands of Zimbabwe and Mozambique; and north-eastern Limpopo have been previously assigned to M. cafer (Friedmann and Daly 2004). However, Taylor et al. (2013) described two new species from specimens previously assigned to these M. cafer populations: The Zimbabwe and Mozambique population are considered M. meesteri and the Limpopo lineage was tentatively assigned M. cf. tenius based on its small cranial size. However, it is unclear if the Mpumalanga specimen named M. tenuis by Roberts (1951) or the Mpumalanga records of M. cafer should be reassigned to M. cf. tenuis or remain M. cafer. Further vetting of museum records is needed to resolve the taxonomy. In order to finally resolve the suitability of M. tenuis as the correct name for the Limpopo lineage, further research is needed based on detailed comparisons of dental, morphometric, and molecular characters of the holotype of M. tenuis. Pending such analysis, Taylor et al. (2013) provisionally assigned the Limpopo populations to M. cf. tenuis. Whether the final name of the species changes or not, it represents a new endemic species to the assessment region.

" 45047,Myosorex kihaulei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,kihaulei,,,,,"Stanley & Hutterer, 2000", 41440,Suncus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,murinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 90389138,Suncus etruscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,etruscus,,,,,"(Savi, 1822)", 41437,Suncus infinitesimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,infinitesimus,,,,,"(Heller, 1912)",Suncus infinitesimus possibly represents a complex of at least two similar species. These species may prove to be endemic to the assessment region if the isolated records from east and central Africa pertain to different species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 41438,Suncus lixus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,lixus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)","Suncus lixus possibly represents a complex of at least two similar species within the assessment region. Additionally, Meester and Lambrechts (1971) and Meester et al. (1986) recognised two subspecies: S. l. lixus from Zimbabwe and Botswana and S. l. gratulus from within the assessment region. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of
populations currently allocated to this species." 41446,Suncus megalura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,megalura,,,,,"(Jentink, 1888)",Until recently this species was included in the genus Sylvisorex (see Hutterer 2005). 41441,Suncus stoliczkanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,stoliczkanus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1877)", 41442,Suncus varilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,varilla,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)","Meester et al. (1986) list four subspecies: S. v. varilla from East London; S. v. orangiae from southern KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, North West and Gauteng provinces, as well as Lesotho, Zimbabwe and Mozambique; S. v. warreni from northern Western Cape Province to Port Nolloth in the Northern Cape Province; and S. v. tulbaghensis from Eendekuil, Western Cape Province. As such, further studies may be needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently across its range within the assessment region." 21148,Suncus zeylanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,zeylanicus,,,,,"Phillips, 1928","Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) included it under Suncus murinus (Linnaeus, 1766), but it has been treated as distinct species basing on major morphological differences by Phillips (1980) and McKay. The identity of Suncus zeylanicus was questioned by Meegaskumbura et al. (2010), as the skull of the type specimen did not show a marked difference from S. montanus. However, hairs of S. zeylanicus are clearly distinguishable from other species by its characteristic hair cross-sections and cuticular scales (Menike et al. 2012)." 21145,Suncus malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,malayanus,,,,,"Kloss, 1917","Although commonly included in Suncus etruscus, S. malayanus inhabits tropical forest and does not fit morphologically with the diagnosis of that species. It was therefore regarded as a species by Corbet and Hill (1991), and Hutterer (1993)." 136224,Suncus aequatorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,aequatorius,,,,,"Heller, 1912","Formerly Suncus aequatorius was included in Suncus lixus by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977), but specimens of aequatorius are considerably larger (Oguge et al. 2004)." 21140,Suncus remyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,remyi,,,,,"Brosset, Dubost & Heim de Balsac, 1965", 21143,Suncus fellowesgordoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,fellowesgordoni,,,,,"Phillips, 1932","Often included in Suncus etruscus, we follow Hutterer (2005) in recognizing this as a distinct species. Meegaskumbura et al. (2012a) and Meegaskumbura et al. (2012b) recognise S. fellowesgordoni as sister taxa to S. etruscus and S. malayanus." 21141,Suncus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,ater,,,,,"Medway, 1965",Generic synonyms = Pachyura; Podihik. 44935,Congosorex verheyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Congosorex,verheyeni,,,,,"Hutterer, Barriere & Colyn, 2002", 21220,Sylvisorex isabellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,isabellae,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968","Sylvisorex isabellae possibly represents two similar, but distinct, species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of the two populations currently allocated to this species." 21216,Sylvisorex howelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,howelli,,,,,"Jenkins, 1984",Sylvisorex howelli possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 21219,Sylvisorex vulcanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,vulcanorum,,,,,"Hutterer & Verheyan, 1985", 48294467,Sylvisorex ollula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,ollula,,,,,"Thomas, 1913", 45050,Sylvisorex konganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,konganensis,,,,,"Ray & Hutterer, 1996", 41445,Sylvisorex lunaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,lunaris,,,,,"Thomas, 1906",Sylvisorex lunaris possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 41443,Sylvisorex granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,granti,,,,,"Thomas, 1907",The Albertine Rift and Eastern Arc populations possibly represent similar but distinct species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 41444,Sylvisorex johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,johnstoni,,,,,"(Dobson, 1888)", 41431,Chodsigoa lamula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,lamula,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","This species was previously included in Chodsigoa hypsibia with which it is sympatric, but its smaller size differentiates it as a separate species (Smith and Xie 2008)." 20416,Chodsigoa salenskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,salenskii,,,,,"(Kastschenko, 1907)","The taxonomic status of this species is in question, as Hoffmann (1985) contends that it is conspecific with Chodsigoa smithii." 136298,Chodsigoa parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,parva,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1923","This species was included in the synonymy of C. lamula (Hoffmann 1985, Corbet and Hill 1992), but Lunde et al. (2003) showed that it is a distinct species." 41436,Chodsigoa smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,smithii,,,,,"Thomas, 1911",This species was formerly included as a subspecies of Chodsigoa salenskii (Hutterer 2005). 136760,Chodsigoa sodalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,sodalis,,,,,"Thomas, 1913",This species was formerly included as a synonym of Episoriculus fumidus (Hutterer 2005). 136259,Chodsigoa caovansunga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,caovansunga,,,,,"Lunde, Musser & Son, 2003",Lunde et al. (2003) distinguished Chodsigoa caovansunga as a species separate from C. parca and C. parva. 8553,Feroculus feroculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Feroculus,feroculus,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1850)","

Feroculus feroculus shows close affinities to Suncus species from south and southeast Asian region in the clade of Crocidurinae (Meegaskumbura et al. 2014). However, its relationship to other taxa in the clade does not have strong support (Meegaskumbura et al. 2014). Pradan et al. (1997) reported the Indian ‘Feroculus’ to have smaller bodies and longer tails than the specimens of Sri Lanka, adding further doubt to his identification.

The specimen identified as F. feroculus in India requires a thorough taxonomic work to establish its identity as different from the known Suncus species in the region.  Like in the case of Suncus montanus and Funambulus layardi both Sri Lanka species earlier thought to be occurring in India but were assessed for Sri Lanka with the Indian distribution questioned for further taxonomic work, Feroculus feroculus is another species that requires a revaluation for its Indian distribution.  

" 136688,Notiosorex villai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Notiosorex,villai,,,,,"Carraway & Timm, 2000","In the past, one wide ranging species was recognised: Notiosorex crawfordi. Now four species are recognized in the genus: N. crawfordi, N. cockrumi, N. evotis and N. villai (Carraway and Timm 2000)." 136666,Notiosorex cockrumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Notiosorex,cockrumi,,,,,"Baker, O'Neill & McAliley, 2003","In the past there was one wide ranging species, Notiosorex crawfordi. Now four species are recognized in the genus: crawfordi, cockrumi, evotis and villai (Carraway and Timm 2000)." 41429,Episoriculus fumidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Episoriculus,fumidus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)",Will be transferred to the genus Episoriculus. 41428,Episoriculus caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Episoriculus,caudatus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1851)",Will be transferred to the genus Episoriculus. 136238,Crocidura tanakae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,tanakae,,,,,"Kuroda, 1938", 136783,Crocidura rapax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,rapax,,,,,"G. Allen, 1923","This species was previously included in Crocidura gueldenstaedtii or C. pullata (Smith and Xie 2008). Taxa from Taiwan and neighbouring islands, formerly assigned to C. horsfieldii or regarded as separate species, are included here (Smith and Xie 2008). There are four recognized subspecies occurring in China (Smith and Xie 2008): 
  1. C. r. kurodai Jameson & Jones, 1977, Taiwan;
  2. C. r. lutaoensis Fang & Lee, 2002, Green island;
  3. C. r. rapax Allen, 1923, south China, including Hainan island;
  4. C. r. tadae Tokuda & Kano, 1936, Orchid island.
" 40626,Crocidura denti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,denti,,,,,"Dollman, 1915",West African populations might represent a new species (Ziegler et al. 2002). 40630,Crocidura elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,elongata,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921","Ruedi and Vogel (1995) described two different karyotypes: 2n = 30, FN = 56 for a male from lowland forest, and 2n = 34, FN = 60 for a smaller female from montane forest. Ruedi (1995) suggested that one of the specimens may represent a cryptic new species." 40629,Crocidura douceti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,douceti,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1957",The status of this species needs confirmation; there is uncertainty around its taxonomic limits. More taxonomic work is required for the species. 136226,Crocidura hilliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,hilliana,,,,,"Jenkins & Smith, 1995","Similarities in karyotype between Crocidura hilliana and C. attenuata have been noted in Thailand, (2n = 50, FN = 66), (Tsuchiya et al. 1979)." 40618,Crocidura arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,arabica,,,,,"Hutterer & Harrison, 1988", 40620,Crocidura batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,batesi,,,,,"Dollman, 1915",This is a taxonomically dubious species that is part of the obscure and unresolved Crocidura poensis complex. 40622,Crocidura buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,buettikoferi,,,,,"Jentink, 1888",C. buettikoferi belongs to a clade which includes C. wimmeri and C. theresae. 136786,Crocidura negligens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,negligens,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1914","This taxon was formerly included in Crocidura fuliginosa, but it was given species rank by Ruedi (1995). It needs more taxonomic work, and might be sympatric with C. malayana in some areas." 136792,Crocidura lepidura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lepidura,,,,,"Lyon, 1908","This taxon was formerly included in C. fuliginosa, but it was resurrected as a full species by Ruedi (1995)." 136270,Crocidura arispa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,arispa,,,,,"Spitzenberger, 1971","This species was first described as a subspecies of pergrisea (Spitzenberger, 1971), then it was assigned to serezkyensis (Hutterer 1993), and finally given full species rank by Krystufek and Vohralík (2001)." 29656,Crocidura suaveolens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,suaveolens,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","Populations from eastern Asia (SE Siberia, E China, Korea, Taiwan) are now considered to be a separate species, C. shantungensis, whilst C. gueldenstaedtii is considered conspecific with C. suaveolens." 29654,Crocidura serezkyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,serezkyensis,,,,,"Laptev, 1929", 136742,Crocidura brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,brunnea,,,,,"Jentink, 1888","This species was formerly included in C. fuliginosa (Jenkins 1982). It was revised by Ruedi (1995), who treated C. brunnea and C. pudjonica as distinct subspecies." 5614,Crocidura paradoxura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,paradoxura,,,,,"Dobson, 1886","Corbet and Hill (1992) noted a specimen from Java which might belong C. paradoxura, or to a different species (Ruedi 1995). Currently, C. paradoxura is known only from Sumatra." 5613,Crocidura palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,palawanensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1934","It is unclear whether Crocidura specimens from the Palawan Faunal Region represent one species, C. palawanensis, or two (Esslestyn et al. 2004). Further studies are needed into the taxonomy of this species." 5609,Crocidura negrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,negrina,,,,,"Rabor, 1952", 5605,Crocidura malayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,malayana,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1911","This species was included in fuliginosa by Jenkins (1976, 1982), but Ruedi et al. (1990) reported two different karyotypes from sympatric populations in Peninsular Malaysia. The listing of synonyms follows Ruedi (1995) who subsequently reviewed the species." 5608,Crocidura miya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,miya,,,,,"Phillips, 1929", 5602,Crocidura grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,grayi,,,,,"Dobson, 1890",The species is in need of taxonomic revision (L. Heaney pers. comm.). 136733,Crocidura indochinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,indochinensis,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1922","This taxon was previously included as a synonym of C. horsfieldii, but following Lunde et al. (2003) C. horsfieldii is restricted to Sri Lanka and peninsular India, with indochinensis and wuchihensis representing separate species. See Lunde et al. (2003, 2004) for further descriptions and comparative measurements of C. wuchihenisis and C. indochinensis. The species, as currently treated, might still represent a complex of more than one species (Smith et al. 2008)." 5630,Crocidura fumosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,fumosa,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 5631,Crocidura gracilipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,gracilipes,,,,,"Peters, 1870"," Crocidura gracilipes is known only from the type specimen, although the holotype is from an unknown locality." 5632,Crocidura greenwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,greenwoodi,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1966", 5628,Crocidura flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,flavescens,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1827)", 5621,Crocidura attila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,attila,,,,,"Dollman, 1915",No significant information available that this species is divisable. 136726,Crocidura baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,baluensis,,,,,"Thomas, 1898",Ruedi (1995) and Corbet and Hill (1992) considered the species as distinct. 5623,Crocidura caliginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,caliginea,,,,,"Hollister, 1916", 5624,Crocidura desperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,desperata,,,,,"Hutterer, Jenkins & Verheyen, 1991", 5620,Crocidura allex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,allex,,,,,"Osgood, 1910","Wilson and Reeder (2005) list alpina Heller, 1910 as a synonym." 41447,Crocidura nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nigripes,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921",Ruedi (1995) recognized lipara as a distinct subspecies of this species. 5639,Crocidura xantippe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,xantippe,,,,,"Osgood, 1910","Seems to be a good species, but not easy to define." 5636,Crocidura picea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,picea,,,,,"Sanderson, 1940", 136454,Crocidura vorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,vorax,,,,,"G. Allen, 1923","The taxonomy of this species is uncertain. Originally named as C. vorax by Allen (1923), subsequently as a subspecies of C. russula (Lekagul and McNeely 1977), and as C. gueldenstaedtii (Corbet and Hill 1992). It was recorded (as C. pullata vorax) from Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand by Smith et al. (1998, 2000)." 5590,Crocidura orii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,orii,,,,,"Kuroda, 1924", 5587,Crocidura wimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,wimmeri,,,,,"Heim de Balsac & Aellen, 1958",This species was previously assigned to Crocidura nimbae (Hutterer 2005). 5598,Crocidura beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,beccarii,,,,,"Dobson, 1887","This species along is thought to be parapatric with respect to C. hutanis. Altitudinal segregation exists between the two species, with this species occurring at higher elevations, but the extent of any overlap is not known (Ruedi 1995)." 5597,Crocidura beatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,beatus,,,,,"Miller, 1910",There is a need for more taxonomic research on this species (L. Heaney pers. comm.). 5599,Crocidura dhofarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,dhofarensis,,,,,"Hutterer & Harrison, 1988",Known only from type locality. 136634,Crocidura katinka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,katinka,,,,,"Bate, 1937", 5575,Crocidura manengubae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,manengubae,,,,,"Hutterer, 1981", 5570,Crocidura latona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,latona,,,,,"Hollister, 1916", 136382,Crocidura wuchihensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,wuchihensis,,,,,"Wang, 1966","This taxon was previously included as a synonym of Crocidura horsfieldii, but following Lunde et al. (2003) C. horsfieldii is restricted to Sri Lanka and peninsular India, with indochinensis and wuchihensis representing separate species." 136379,Crocidura trichura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,trichura,,,,,"Dobson in Thomas, 1889","This taxon has been elevated to full species status by Hutterer (2005). It was originally regarded as ""a local variety"" of the southeast Asian Crocidura fuliginosa. Based on morphological characteristics, Jenkins (1976) described it as a subspecies of C. attenuata. Corbet and Hill (1992) questioned the validity of it being conspecific with C. attenuata based on morphological characteristics. Ruedi (1995) studied 11 specimens and concluded that they were different from C. attenuata." 5566,Crocidura glassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,glassi,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1966", 5561,Crocidura congobelgica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,congobelgica,,,,,"Hollister, 1916", 41329,Crocidura levicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,levicula,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921", 41337,Crocidura monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,monticola,,,,,"Peters, 1870","Ruedi (1995) included also C. maxi as a synonym of this species, but Kitchener et al. (1994) recognized maxi and monticola as separate species. C. minuta was listed as a species in Hutterer (1993), but it is most probably a synonym of monticola (Jenkins 1982, Ruedi 1995)." 41338,Crocidura montis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,montis,,,,,"Thomas, 1906",Crocidura montis possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 41341,Crocidura nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nana,,,,,"Dobson, 1890", 41319,Crocidura gmelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,gmelini,,,,,"Pallas, 1811","Both shantungensis and gmelini were previously considered to be subspecies of C. suaveolens, but Hoffmann (1996) split these two taxa off as a single species under the older name gmelini. This approach was subsequently revised by Jiang and Hoffmann (2001), who recognized both taxa as separate species." 41324,Crocidura horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,horsfieldii,,,,,"(Tomes, 1856)","Lunde et al. (2003) revised taxonomy of Crocidura horsfieldii resulting in the species being restricted to Sri Lanka and peninsular India, and C. indochinensis and C. wuchihensis representing separate species." 41326,Crocidura lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lamottei,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968", 41328,Crocidura lea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lea,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921","This species is the smallest in an assemblage of endemic shrews (C. elongata, C. lea, C. musseri, C. nigripes, C. rhoditis) that occur together in central Sulawesi (Ruedi 1995)." 41363,Crocidura turba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,turba,,,,,"Dollman, 1910", 41361,Crocidura tarfayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,tarfayensis,,,,,"Vesmanis & Vesmanis, 1980", 41362,Crocidura theresae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,theresae,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968","Close to C. foxi but is distinctly smaller and grayer, is probably a separate species." 136602,Crocidura virgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,virgata,,,,,"Sanderson, 1940",Previously included in Crocidura hildegardeae (Hutterer 2005). 41347,Crocidura niobe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,niobe,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 41345,Crocidura nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nigricans,,,,,"Bocage, 1889",There is a need to further research the taxonomic relationship between Crocidura nigricans and Crocidura mariquensis. 136578,Crocidura foetida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,foetida,,,,,"Peters, 1870", 136341,Crocidura watasei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,watasei,,,,,"Kuroda, 1924","This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of horsfieldii (e.g., Jameson and Jones 1977), but was elevated to species status by Hattori et al., 1990." 41354,Crocidura rhoditis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,rhoditis,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921", 41353,Crocidura pullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,pullata,,,,,"Miller, 1911", 41360,Crocidura tarella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,tarella,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 16043,Paracrocidura maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Paracrocidura,maxima,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1959", 136802,Anourosorex assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Anourosorex,assamensis,,,,,"Anderson, 1875",Formerly included within Anourosorex squamipes (Hutterer 2005). 136257,Anourosorex yamashinai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Anourosorex,yamashinai,,,,,"Kuroda, 1935","Previously listed as a subspecies of Anourosorex squamipes, but now considered a distinct species based on morphological and karyotypic differences from mainland forms (Hutterer 2005)." 136779,Sorex maritimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,maritimensis,,,,,"Smith, 1939","Sorex maritimensis was formerly included in Sorex arcticus; it was recognized as a distinct species by Stewart et al. (2002), Baker et al. (2003), and Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 41395,Sorex emarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,emarginatus,,,,,"Jackson, 1925", 41396,Sorex fumeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,fumeus,,,,,"G.M. Miller, 1895", 41402,Sorex lyelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,lyelli,,,,,"Merriam, 1902", 41404,Sorex mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,mirabilis,,,,,"Ognev, 1937", 41384,Sorex alaskanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,alaskanus,,,,,"Merriam, 1900","Sometimes considered a subspecies of Sorex palustris, but considered here to be a species following Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder (1993 and 2005)." 41390,Sorex buchariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,buchariensis,,,,,"Ognev, 1921", 41391,Sorex camtschatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,camtschatica,,,,,"Yudin, 1972", 41386,Sorex asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,asper,,,,,"Thomas, 1914", 41388,Sorex bedfordiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,bedfordiae,,,,,"Thomas, 1911", 41387,Sorex bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,bairdi,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","At one time or another this species has been included in S. vagrans, S. obscurus, or S. monticolus." 20392,Sorex macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,macrodon,,,,,"Merriam, 1895", 20391,Sorex pribilofensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,pribilofensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","Van Zyll de Jong (1982) presented information that calls into question the use of the name hydrodromus for the Pribilof Island shrew, for which the name S. pribilofensis may be correct. The type specimen of hydrodromus does not seem to conform morphologically with samples of shrews from the Pribilofs, and there is uncertainty regarding the type locality (""Unalaska"") of hydrodromus. Rausch and Rausch (1997) determined that the correct name for the Pribilof Island Shrew should be S. pribilofensis rather than S. hydrodromus. Jones et al. (1997) and Baker et al. (2003) adopted this change. Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) also used the name Sorex pribilofensis." 20390,Sorex jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,jacksoni,,,,,"Hall & Gilmore, 1932","Sorex jacksoni has been regarded as a subspecies of S. tundrensis and S. cinereus. Van Zyll de Jong (1982) regarded S. jacksoni as comprising 4 subspecies: ugyunak (Nearctic tundra), portenkoi (Siberian mainland tundra), jacksoni (Saint Lawrence Island), and leucogaster (Paramushir Island in Kuril Islands off Siberia). Van Zyll de Jong (1983) recognized ugyunak as distinct at the species level. Jones et al. (1986) suggested that jacksoni and ugyunak may prove to be conspecific. Van Zyll de Jong (1991) regarded S. jacksoni, S. leucogaster, S. portenkoi, and S. ugyunak as distinct species, as did Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005). Rausch and Rausch (1995) examined karyotypic and morphological characteristics of shrews on Saint Lawrence Island and the Alaskan mainland and found no significant differences; they concluded that S. jacksoni should be regarded as a subspecies of S. cinereus. Van Zyll de Jong (in Wilson and Ruff 1999) recognized S. jacksoni as a species. A study of mtDNA variation by Demboski and Cook (2003) found that S. jacksoni and S. cinereus are not sister species. The North American mammal checklist by Baker et al. (2003) cited Demboski and Cook (2003) in regarding S. jacksoni as a valid species." 29662,Sorex caecutiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,caecutiens,,,,,"Laxmann, 1788", 20389,Sorex sinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,sinalis,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",This species was formerly considered conspecific to Sorex isodon (Hutterer 2005). 136542,Sorex yukonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,yukonicus,,,,,"Dokuchaev, 1997","This species was formerly included in S. minutissimus. Wilson and Ruff (1999) omitted this species from their account of North American mammals, but Baker et al. (2003) and Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized it as a valid species." 41427,Sorex veraepacis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,veraepacis,,,,,"Alston, 1877","Part of the subspecies mutabilis is now recognised as the species S. ixtlanensis, but distributions of these two taxa are not very well differentiated (N. Woodman and J. Matson pers. comm.)." 20387,Sorex kozlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,kozlovi,,,,,"Stroganov, 1952","The taxonomic status of this species requires investigation. It is still considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Sorex thibetanus or S. buchariensis (Hutterer 2005). Hutterer (2005) separates S. buchariensis, kozlovi, planiceps, and thibetanus on the basis of differences in dentition, but suggests that a complete analysis of these species is needed to resolve their taxonomic arrangement." 20386,Sorex hosonoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,hosonoi,,,,,"Imaizumi, 1954", 41426,Sorex ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,ventralis,,,,,"Merriam, 1895", 20385,Sorex excelsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,excelsus,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1923", 29670,Sorex volnuchini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,volnuchini,,,,,"Ognev, 1922","Formerly reported as Sorex minutus. Taxonomic status of Sorex dehli, which was descriebd from Crimea but subsequently shifted to S. volnuchini (Hutterer 2005) requires re-examination. Russian authors synonymized dahli with minutus." 20397,Sorex milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,milleri,,,,,"Jackson, 1947", 29668,Sorex raddei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,raddei,,,,,"Satunin, 1895", 20395,Sorex stizodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,stizodon,,,,,"Merriam, 1895", 20394,Sorex sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,sclateri,,,,,"Merriam, 1897", 20393,Sorex oreopolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,oreopolus,,,,,"Merriam, 1892", 41416,Sorex saussurei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,saussurei,,,,,"Merriam, 1892",Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456). Populations from Guatemala provisionally included by Junge and Hoffmann (1981) may be distinct and should be carefully studied (Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 1993). 136282,Sorex rohweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,rohweri,,,,,"Rausch, Feagin & Rausch, 2007","Previously misidentified as S. cinereus, but now recognized as a distinct species based on numerous morphological characters by Rausch, Feagin and Rausch, 2007." 41411,Sorex planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,planiceps,,,,,"Miller, 1911","Considered a subspecies of thibetanus by Dolgov and Hoffmann (1977) and Hoffmann (1987), but retained by Hutterer (1979) because of larger skull measurements. The taxonomic problem still remains unresolved (Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 1993)" 41409,Sorex pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,pacificus,,,,,"Coues, 1877","Sorex pacificus formerly was recognized as a subspecies of S. vagrans (Carraway 1985). Nominal species Sorex yaquinae, which has been regarded as a subspecies of S. vagrans or S. pacificus, was regarded by Carraway (1990) as synonymous with S. pacificus pacificus. New subspecies Sorex pacificus cascadensis from the Cascade Range of Oregon was described by Carraway (1990); S. p. pacificus is now limited to the Coast Range in Oregon." 136656,Sorex mediopua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,mediopua,,,,,"Carraway, 2007","Sorex mediopua was previously considered to be part of Sorex saussurei saussurei. The distribution of mediopua and saussurei are not very well differentiated. Because of this confusion, it is difficult to assess this species. More taxonomic research is needed (P. de Grammont, I. Arellano, N. Woodman and J. Matson pers. comm.)." 41420,Sorex thibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,thibetanus,,,,,"Kastschenko, 1905","This species is still subject to taxonomic controversy, with little conclusive information currently available for the species (Hutterer 2005)." 41419,Sorex tenellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,tenellus,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","This shrew is apparently only recently diverged from S. nanus and may not yet be a separate species (George 1988). However, George (1988), Jones et al. (1992), and Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) listed nanus and tenellus as separate species." 41418,Sorex sonomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,sonomae,,,,,"Jackson, 1921","Carraway (1990) elevated S. pacificus sonomae (=S. vagrans sonomae) to species status, and recognized two subspecies: S. s. sonomae throughout most of the species' range and S. s. tenelliodus along the northern and eastern edges of the range in Oregon (Verts and Carraway 1998). Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) stated that tenelliodus may be a distinct species." 41417,Sorex shinto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,shinto,,,,,"Thomas, 1905","The populations on Shikoku and Sado Island are considered to represent the subspecies Sorex s. shikokensis and S. s. sadonis. The latter has previously been considered a distinct species, but is here considered a subspecies following Abe et al. (2005). Dokuchaev et al. (1999) studied the geographical variation of shinto and found that all three island populations are morphometrically distinct." 20383,Sorex cansulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,cansulus,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","For many years this taxon was known only from the type locality, and another location close by in southern Gansu. Several additional specimens have now been taken in southwest Gansu, adjacent Qinghai, and one from east Xizang (Smith and Xie 2008). Moreover, these new specimens are from localities where S. caecutiens also occurs, therefore supporting the separate species status of S. cansulus (Smith and Xie 2008)." 20384,Sorex cylindricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,cylindricauda,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1872",This species is often confused with Sorex bedfordiae (Smith and Xie 2008). 136811,Sorex veraecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,veraecrucis,,,,,"Jackson, 1925","S. veraecrucis was formerly considered a subspecies of S. saussurei. Part of the distribution of S. veraecrucis is difficult to distinguish from S. saussurei, and the distributions of these two taxa are not very well differentiated. More taxonomic research is required (P. de Grammont, I. Arellano, N. Woodman and J. Matson pers. comm.)." 136608,Sorex neomexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,neomexicanus,,,,,"Bailey, 1913","Alexander (1996) conducted a morphometric analysis of skulls and determined that the shrew heretofore known as Sorex obscurus neomexicanus, Sorex vagrans neomexicanus, or Sorex monticolus neomexicanus should be recognized as a distinct species, S. neomexicanus. This shrew was considered a subspecies of Sorex monticolus by George, in Wilson and Ruff (1999). MtDNA data of Demboski and Cook (2001) are not consistent with recognition of S. neomexicanus as a distinct species; instead, S. neomexicanus was nested phylogenetically within various populations of S. monticolus from southwestern North America. Nevertheless, Baker et al. (2003) followed Alexander in recognizing S. neomexicanus as a distinct species, as did Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005). Kays and Wilson (2009) also state that S. neomexicanus is a distinct species." 136339,Sorex ixtlanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,ixtlanensis,,,,,"Carraway, 2007","This species was formerly considered a part of S. veraepacis mutabilis. It is difficult to determine the separate distribution of this newly elevated species. More taxonomic research is required (P. de Grammont, I. Arellano, N. Woodman and J. Matson pers. comm.). This species is monotypic (Carraway 2014)." 136698,Sorex orizabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,orizabae,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","Sorex orizabae was included as a subspecies of vagrans by Hennings and Hoffmann (1977), and later included as a subspecies of oreopolus by Junge and Hoffmann (1981), but most recently is considered a separate species by Carraway (2007)." 41455,Nectogale elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Nectogale,elegans,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1870", 41434,Soriculus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Soriculus,nigrescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","The form occurring in southwest China, is much smaller than the nominate and may represent a separate species (Smith and Xie 2008)." 41454,Megasorex gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Megasorex,gigas,,,,,"(Merriam, 1897)", 41462,Euroscaptor micrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Euroscaptor,micrura,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1841)", 41461,Euroscaptor longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Euroscaptor,longirostris,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1870)",Two specimens originally identified as Talpa klossi from northwest Viet Nam by Osgood (1932) were later assigned to E. longirostris by Miller (1940) (Smith and Xie 2008). 8386,Euroscaptor parvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Euroscaptor,parvidens,,,,,"Miller, 1940", 8385,Euroscaptor mizura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Euroscaptor,mizura,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 41459,Euroscaptor grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Euroscaptor,grandis,,,,,"Miller, 1940","Records of this species from northern Viet Nam are based on specimens of Euroscaptor klossi reported in Osgood (1932); but, Miller (1940) identified these as E. longirostris, not E. grandis (Smith and Xie 2008). Wang (2003) reported specimens from Yunnan as Euroscaptor grandis yunnanensis, an apparent nomen nudum (Smith and Xie 2008)." 41481,Talpa europaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,europaea,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 135458,Talpa davidiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,davidiana,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1884)",Talpa streeti is considered to be a synonym of Talpa davidiana (Krystufek et al. 2001). 41482,Talpa levantis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,levantis,,,,,"Thomas, 1906",Molecular evidence suggests that T. levantis contains two allopatric cryptic species of unresolved nomenclature (Bannikova et al. 2015). 41478,Talpa altaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,altaica,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1883", 41480,Talpa caucasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Talpa,caucasica,,,,,"Satunin, 1908", 6506,Desmana moschata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Desmana,moschata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",The only representative of its genus. 41486,Uropsilus andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Uropsilus,andersoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)", 41487,Uropsilus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Uropsilus,gracilis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)","Wang (2003) placed this species in the genus Nasillus. Both U. atronates and U. nivatus were named as subspecies of U. andersoni, but Hoffmann (1984) assigned them to U. gracilis. Wang (2003) recognized a number of described and undescribed subspecies, but the status of these needs to be addressed in the context of a wider systematic revision." 22809,Uropsilus investigator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Uropsilus,investigator,,,,,"(Thomas, 1922)","Previously included in Uropsilus gracilis, but separated based on form and distribution (Smith and Xie 2008)." 22810,Uropsilus soricipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Uropsilus,soricipes,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1871","This species previously included Uropsilus andersoni, U. gracilis, and U. investigator (Hutterer 2005)." 41475,Scapanus townsendii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Scapanus,townsendii,,,,,"(Bachman, 1839)", 41477,Scaptonyx fusicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Scaptonyx,fusicaudus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1872","This taxon includes S. affinis (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1966). Specimens from Shaanxi have been assigned to S. f. affinis by Zhang et al. (1997), but these are disjunct from the nominate Yunnan populations, and are closer to S. fusicaudus populations in Sichuan. Wang (2003) refers to additional specimens from Yunnan as ""Scaptonyx fusicaudus gaoligongensis Wang 2002"", an apparent nomen nudum." 41470,Parascaptor leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Parascaptor,leucura,,,,,"(Blyth, 1850)", 41489,Urotrichus talpoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Urotrichus,talpoides,,,,,"Temminck, 1841", 41488,Dymecodon pilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Dymecodon,pilirostris,,,,,"True, 1886", 14563,Mogera uchidai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Mogera,uchidai,,,,,"(Abe, Shiraishi & Arai, 1991)","This species was originally described as Nesoscaptor uchidai, but Motokawa et al. (2001) recognized a close relationship to Mogera insularis." 41467,Mogera wogura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Mogera,wogura,,,,,"(Temminck, 1842)","Hutterer (2005) considers robusta as a synonym of M. wogura of Japan, but they are treated as separate species here. The taxonomy of Mogera is complex and further clarification is required." 41466,Mogera robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Mogera,robusta,,,,,"Nehring, 1891","This form has generated considerable taxonomic confusion. Hutterer (2005) considers robusta as a synonym of M. wogura of Japan, but they are treated as separate species here. The taxonomy of Mogera is complex and further clarification is required." 41465,Mogera imaizumii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Mogera,imaizumii,,,,,"(Kuroda, 1957)",Populations of this species from east Honshu and west Honshu plus Shikoku exhibit considerable genetic differences (Tsuchiya et al. 2000). 41463,Mogera insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Mogera,insularis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1863)", 13604,Mogera etigo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Mogera,etigo,,,,,"Yoshiyuki & Imaizumi, 1991","This taxon is sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Mogera tokudae (see Hutterer 2005), but sufficient karyotypic differences exist to warrant species recognition." 40608,Hemiechinus collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Hemiechinus,collaris,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 136193,Hylomys megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Hylomys,megalotis,,,,,"Jenkins & M.F. Robinson, 2002","Jenkins and Robinson (2002) performed a phylogenetic analysis of skeletal characters of the species of Galericinae and included five species in Hylomys. They did not, however, consider paleontological data presented by Mein and Ginsburg (1997) who retained Neotetracus and Neohylomys as separate genera. A genetic study is warranted to test the phylogenetic hypothesis presented by Jenkins and Robinson (2002)." 10589,Hylomys parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Hylomys,parvus,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1916",Hutterrer in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treated this as a synonym of Hylomys suillus. 10590,Neotetracus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Neotetracus,sinensis,,,,,"Trouessart, 1909","Corbet (1988) retained the genus Neotetracus for this species, as did Mein and Ginsburg (1997). Frost et al. (1991) included sinensis in Hylomys.

There are three recognized subspecies occurring in China (Smith and Xie 2008):
1.) N. s. cuttingi Anthony, 1941; West Yunnan;
2.) N. s. fulvescens Osgood, 1932; South Yunnan;
3.) N. s. sinensis Trouessart, 1909; Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou." 17828,Podogymnura truei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Podogymnura,truei,,,,,"Mearns, 1905", 17829,Podogymnura aureospinula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Podogymnura,aureospinula,,,,,"Heaney & Morgan, 1982", 40606,Paraechinus aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Paraechinus,aethiopicus,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1832)", 40609,Paraechinus micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Paraechinus,micropus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)",Treated by some authors under the genus Paraechinus. 39594,Paraechinus nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Paraechinus,nudiventris,,,,,"(Horsefield, 1851)",Referred to as a subspecies of Paraechinus micropis by Molur (1998 CAMP India workshop) - Parachinus considered a subgenus of Hemiechinus by Pavlinov & Rossolimo (1987) (see Stone 1995). 40603,Echinosorex gymnura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Echinosorex,gymnura,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)","The taxonomy of this species is under review as E. gymnura may be split into several different species (E. Meijaard pers. comm.). Two subspecies are currently recognized: gymnura, from Sumatra and the Asian mainland; and alba from Borneo (Corbet 1988)." 10588,Neohylomys hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Neohylomys,hainanensis,,,,,"Shaw & Wong, 1959", 20322,Solenodon marcanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SOLENODONTIDAE,Solenodon,marcanoi,,,,,"(Patterson, 1962)", 20320,Atopogale cubana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SOLENODONTIDAE,Atopogale,cubana,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)", 20321,Solenodon paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SOLENODONTIDAE,Solenodon,paradoxus,,,,,"Brandt, 1833","The southern Hispaniolan Solenodon population (distributed south of the Neiba Valley) has been described as a separate subspecies (Solenodon paradoxus woodi Ottenwalder, 2001) on the basis of morphometric analysis, but genetic differences between northern and southern Hispaniolan Solenodon populations have not yet been assessed." 29401,Hylaeamys tatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hylaeamys,tatei,,,,,"(Musser, Carleton, Brothers & Gardner, 1998)","Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). Synonyms of this species include Orzomys tatei (Musser et al. 1998). Monotypic species (Percequillo 2015)." 136283,Hylaeamys acritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hylaeamys,acritus,,,,,"(Emmons & Patton, 2005)","Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). Synonyms of this species include Oryzomys acritus (Emmons and Patton 2005). It is a monotypic species (Percequillo 2015)." 29404,Hylaeamys laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hylaeamys,laticeps,,,,,"(Lund, 1840)","Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This rodent was recognized as a valid species by Musser et al. (1998); however, Weksler et al. (1999) still considers this as a junior synonym of Hylaeamys megacephalus. This species is monotypic (Percequillo 2015)." 15608,Hylaeamys oniscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hylaeamys,oniscus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This species is monotypic (Percequillo 2015). 15611,Handleyomys rhabdops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,rhabdops,,,,,"(Merriam, 1901)",This species was previously Oryzomys rhabdops and has been provisionally reassigned to the new genus Handleyomys (Weksler et al. 2006). 547,Handleyomys fuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,fuscatus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1912)","Generic synonym = Thomasomys, specific synonym = A. lugens.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 15613,Handleyomys saturatior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,saturatior,,,,,"(Merriam, 1901)","Pending revisionary work, Oryzomys saturatior has been provisionally reassigned to the new genus Handleyomys (Weksler et al. 2006). This species is a sister group to H. chapmani (Almendra et al. 2014)." 15598,Handleyomys intectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,intectus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1921)","This species is monotypic (Gómez-Laverde et al. 2015)." 15606,Handleyomys melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,melanotis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","Pending revisionary work, Oryzomys melanotis has been provisionally reassigned to the new genus Handleyomys (Weksler et al. 2006)." 15591,Handleyomys chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,chapmani,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)","Pending revisionary work, Oryzomys chapmani has been provisionally reassigned to the new genus Handleyomys (Weksler et al. 2006). Based on molecular phylogeny, this species consists of 2 nonsister lineages (Almendra et al. 2014)." 29402,Euryoryzomys emmonsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euryoryzomys,emmonsae,,,,,"(Musser, Carleton, Brothers & Gardner, 1998)","Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). Synonyms for this species include Oryzomys emmonsae (Musser, Carleton, Brothers and Gardner 1998). This is a monotypic species (Percequillo 2015)." 15603,Euryoryzomys legatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euryoryzomys,legatus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1925)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 2859,Necromys lasiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,lasiurus,,,,,"(Lund, 1840)",This may be a species complex of lenguarum and probably includes some synonyms which are valid species. 2860,Necromys obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,obscurus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",Two subspecies are recognized: Necromys obscurus scaligarium and N. o. obscurus  2861,Necromys punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,punctulatus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","Described as a species of Akodon but referred to a subspecies of Zygodontomys brevicauda by Hershkovitz (1962). Monotypic species (Pardiñas et al. 2015)." 15597,Mindomys hammondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Mindomys,hammondi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym of Mindomys (Weksler et al. 2006). 136657,Megaoryzomys curioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Megaoryzomys,curioi,,,,,"(Niethammer, 1964)", 136563,Juliomys rimofrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Juliomys,rimofrons,,,,,"Oliveira & Bonvicino, 2002", 8827,Galenomys garleppi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Galenomys,garleppi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)","Synonyms of this species include Phyllotis garleppi. It is a monotypic species (Salazar-Bravo 2015)." 13457,Neodon sikimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neodon,sikimensis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1841)","The species authority is not Hodgson, 1849, as is entrenched in the literature (see Musser and Carleton 2005)." 13436,Neodon juldaschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neodon,juldaschi,,,,,"(Severtzov, 1879)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13435,Neodon irene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neodon,irene,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",Neodon irene is sometimes referred to as a synonym of N. sikimensis (Smith and Xie 2008). 136554,Neodon forresti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neodon,forresti,,,,,"Hinton, 1923","Sometimes included as a subspecies of Neodon irene, with which it is morphologically similar (Smith and Xie 2008). Allen (1940) indicated that this form may only be a southern subspecies of N. irene." 39974,Dicrostonyx unalascensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,unalascensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1900","This species formerly was recognized as a subspecies of D. groenlandicus. It has distinctive pelage and craniodental characteristics, and apparently uniquely among Dicrostonyx, it lacks specialized nival pelage and foreclaws (see Musser and Carleton in Wilson and Reeder 2005).

Dicrostonyx taxonomy is complex and not well resolved. The complex was regarded as part a single circumpolar species, D. torquatus, until the 1970s when karyological and breeding studies indicated the possible existence of a superspecies complex among North American Dicrostonyx (Rausch and Rausch 1972; Rausch 1977; see also Krohne 1982). Former subspecies occurring in western Canada and Alaska were recognized as separate species based mainly on karyotypes (Rausch and Rausch 1972; Rausch 1977; Krohne 1982; Honacki et al. 1982; Jones et al. 1986, 1992). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) reviewed these and subsequent studies and provisionally recognized eight Dicrostonyx species, six of which (groenlandicus, hudsonius, nelsoni, nunatakensis, richardsoni, and unalascensis) occur in North America; this is the taxonomy adopted here. Baker et al. (2003) recognized D. exsul, D. kilangmiutak, and D. rubricatus as species, but Musser and Carleton recognized exsul as a synonym of D. nelsoni, and kilangmiutak and rubricatus were treated as synonyms of D. groenlandicus." 42620,Dicrostonyx nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,nelsoni,,,,,"Merriam, 1900","This species was previously recognized as a subspecies of D. groenlandicus. Dicrostonyx taxonomy is complex and not well resolved. The complex was regarded as part a single circumpolar species, D. torquatus, until the 1970s when karyological and breeding studies indicated the possible existence of a superspecies complex among North American Dicrostonyx (Rausch and Rausch 1972, Rausch 1977, see also Krohne, 1982). Former subspecies occurring in western Canada and Alaska were recognized as separate species based mainly on karyotypes (Rausch and Rausch 1972; Rausch 1977; Krohne 1982; Honacki et al. 1982; Jones et al. 1986, 1992). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) reviewed these and subsequent studies and recognized eight Dicrostonyx species, six of which (groenlandicus, hudsonius, nelsoni, nunatakensis, richardsoni, and unalascensis) occur in North America; this is the taxonomy adopted here. Baker et al. (2003) recognized D. exsul, D. kilangmiutak, and D. rubricatus as species, but Musser and Carleton recognized exsul as a synonym of D. nelsoni, and kilangmiutak and rubricatus were treated as synonyms of D. groenlandicus." 6567,Dicrostonyx nunatakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,nunatakensis,,,,,"Youngman, 1967","This species was previously recognized as a subspecies of D. groenlandicus. Dicrostonyx taxonomy is complex and not well resolved. The complex was regarded as part a single circumpolar species, D. torquatus, until the 1970s when karyological and breeding studies indicated the possible existence of a superspecies complex among North American Dicrostonyx (Rausch and Rausch, 1972; Rausch, 1977; see also Krohne, 1982). Former subspecies occurring in western Canada and Alaska were recognized as separate species based mainly on karyotypes (Rausch and Rausch, 1972; Rausch, 1977; Krohne, 1982; Honacki et al., 1982; Jones et al., 1986, 1992). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) reviewed these and subsequent studies and recognized eight Dicrostonyx species, six of which (groenlandicus, hudsonius, nelsoni, nunatakensis, richardsoni, and unalascensis) occur in North America; this is the taxonomy adopted here. Baker et al. (2003) recognized D. exsul, D. kilangmiutak, and D. rubricatus as species, but Musser and Carleton recognized exsul as a synonym of D. nelsoni, and kilangmiutak and rubricatus were treated as synonyms of D. groenlandicus." 15593,Nephelomys devius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nephelomys,devius,,,,,"(Bangs, 1902)",Following Weksler et al. (2006) Oryzomys devius has been reassigned to the new genus Nephelomys. 136833,Nephelomys caracolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nephelomys,caracolus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1914)","Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This species was previously considered as a synonym of O. albigularis (e.g., Musser and Carleton 1993)." 15600,Nephelomys keaysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nephelomys,keaysi,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1900)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 136328,Nephelomys meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nephelomys,meridensis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). There are some specimens from the Uribante (Tachira) region with a karyology different and may represent a different species (Aguilera et al. 2002). 15586,Nephelomys auriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nephelomys,auriventer,,,,,"(Thomas, 1890)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 15604,Nephelomys levipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nephelomys,levipes,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 15615,Transandinomys talamancae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Transandinomys,talamancae,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1891)",Following Weksler et al. (2006) Oryzomys talamancae has been reassigned to the new genus Transandinomys. 15588,Transandinomys bolivaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Transandinomys,bolivaris,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1901)",Following Weksler et al. (2006) Oryzomys bolivaris has been reassigned to the new genus Transandinomys. 4655,Chinchillula sahamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chinchillula,sahamae,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 136692,Noronhomys vespuccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Noronhomys,vespuccii,,,,,"Carleton & Olson, 1999", 15587,Oreoryzomys balneator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oreoryzomys,balneator,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)","Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This is likely a species complex (M. Weksler pers. comm.). This is a monotypic species (Percequillo 2015)." 17226,Phyllotis gerbillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,gerbillus,,,,,"Thomas, 1900","Although named as a genus and recognized early as such (Cabrera 1961, Gyldenstolpe 1932, Pearson 1958), Paralomys was later submerged as a subgenus of Calomys (Ellerman 1941) or as a subgenus or full synonym of Phyllotis (Hershkovitz 1962, Osgood 1947, Pearson and Patton 1976). Uncertainty over its monophyletic union with those species and taxonomic rank has been revived by broad phylogenetic studies of morphological characters that suggest the distant relationship of gerbillus and amicus to other Phyllotis (Braun 1993, Steppan 1995). Braun (1993) elevated Paralomys to its former generic status, but Steppan (1995) reservedly maintained it as a synonym for want of strongly supported cladistic structure and demonstrable monophyly of gerbillus-amicus in the various trees generated (also see Steppan and Sullivan 2000). Musser and Carleton (2005) include this species in the Paralomys genus; however, some researchers suggest that it should be Phyllotis (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 750,Thaptomys nigrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thaptomys,nigrita,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1830)",The genus need taxonomic revision; this taxa could be two species. 13439,Phaiomys leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phaiomys,leucurus,,,,,"Blyth, 1863",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136772,Tapecomys primus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tapecomys,primus,,,,,"Anderson & Yates, 2000", 136338,Delomys collinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Delomys,collinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1917","This rodent was formally considered to be a synonym of D. dorsalis, it was recognized as a species in 1995." 6330,Delomys sublineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Delomys,sublineatus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136468,Microakodontomys transitorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microakodontomys,transitorius,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1993","his species is monotypic (Paresque and Hanson 2015). Previously it has been considered synonymous with Oligoryzomys transitorious." 3610,Calomys callidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,callidus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1916)","This species was originally diagnosed as a subspecies of C. venustus and continued to be recognized as such (Cabrera 1961) until Hershkovitz (1962) placed both in synonymy with C. callosus callosus. Specific status of callidus affirmed by Corti et al. (1987), who summarized its distribution, karyotypic traits, and morphometric discrimination; banded chromosomal comparisons with C. venustus and systematic commentary provided by Vitullo et al. (1990)." 3609,Calomys boliviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,boliviae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)","C. fecundus is the appropriate name for populations of Calomys in the yungas of Chuquisaca, Tarija, and Southern Santa Cruz. C. boliviae is available for specimens from the yungas of La Paz. However, if these two latter forms are found to represent one species then the name C. boliviae should be used for the yungas Calomys (Salazar-Bravo et al. 2003). Argentinian populations could belong to fecundus, but the distinction between boliviae and fecundus is not clear." 136679,Calomys tocantinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,tocantinsi,,,,,"Bonvicino, Lima & Almeida, 2003", 136737,Calomys fecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,fecundus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1926)","Musser and Carleton (2005) include this species as a junior synonym of C. boliviae; however, C. fecundus is the appropriate name for populations of Calomys in the yungas of Chuquisaca, Tarija, and Southern Santa Cruz. C. boliviae is available for specimens from the yungas of La Paz. If further studies latter these two forms are found to represent one species then the name C. boliviae should be used for the yungas Calomys (Salazar-Bravo et al. 2003)." 136304,Calomys venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,venustus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","Earlier retained as a species as described (Cabrera 1961, Gyldenstolpe, 1932), but swept under Hershkovitz’s (1962) broad concept of callosus and provisionally retained as such by Musser and Carleton (1993). Olds (1988, also Anderson 1997) recognized C. venustus as separate from C. callosus proper, and defined it broadly to include boliviae and fecundus in Bolivia and NW Argentina (also see account of C. boliviae); others have more narrowly applied the name to the C Argentinian populations (e.g., Salazar-Bravo et al. 2001, 2002a; Vitullo et al. 1990) as distinct from fecundus (here = C. boliviae). Banded chromosomal comparisons with C. callidus provided by Vitullo et al. (1990), who considered the two, along with fecundus (here = C. boliviae) to form a closely related group, as did Espinosa et al. (1997). Salazar-Bravo et al. (2002a) similarly recognized a callosus venustus clade, also embracing callidus and fecundus as species, although the taxa represented in these studies are not entirely equivalent." 136287,Punomys kofordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Punomys,kofordi,,,,,"Pacheco & Patton, 1995","This species is monotypic (Patton 2015)." 18880,Punomys lemminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Punomys,lemminus,,,,,"Osgood, 1943","This species is monotypic (Patton 2015)." 4634,Chilomys instans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chilomys,instans,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)",This is a species complex containing at least three species (V. Pacheco pers. comm.). 47760825,Abrawayaomys ruschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrawayaomys,ruschii,,,,,"Cunha & Cruz, 1979","A new species of the genus, A. chebezi, was described for the Argentinean Province of Misiones (Pardiñas et al. 2009)." 136228,Salinomys delicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Salinomys,delicatus,,,,,"Braun & Mares, 1995","This is a monotypic species (Lanzone and Braun 2015)." 136303,Lemmus portenkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lemmus,portenkoi,,,,,"Tchernyavsky, 1967", 15595,Aegialomys galapagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Aegialomys,galapagoensis,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). Musser and Carleton (1993) note that this taxon has two subspecies: Aegialomys galapagoensis bauri which occurs on Santa Fe Island (Barrington) and A. g. galapagoensis which occurred on San Cristobal Island (Chatham) and which is now said to be extinct (Dowler et al. 2000). Patton and Hafner (1983) demonstrated that the two populations are conspecific. 136236,Neusticomys ferreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neusticomys,ferreirai,,,,,"Percequillo, Carmignotto & Silva, 2005","This is a monotypic species (Voss 2015)." 14740,Neusticomys monticolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neusticomys,monticolus,,,,,"Anthony, 1921",Specimens from Antioquia are different; studies are required to determine whether they represent a different species (Voss 1988). 14744,Neusticomys venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neusticomys,venezuelae,,,,,"(Anthony, 1929)","This species is monotypic (Voss 2015)." 14743,Neusticomys peruviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neusticomys,peruviensis,,,,,"(Musser & Gardner, 1974)","This species is monotypic (Voss 2015)." 14742,Neusticomys oyapocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neusticomys,oyapocki,,,,,"(Dubost & Petter, 1978)","Daptomys is a generic synonym. This is a monotypic species (Voss 2015)." 14741,Neusticomys mussoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neusticomys,mussoi,,,,,"G. Ochoa & Soriano, 1991","This species is monotypic (Voss 2015)." 2395,Auliscomys boliviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Auliscomys,boliviensis,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1846)",This species has sometimes been included in the genus Maresomys. Two subspecies are recognized. 735,Abrothrix illutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,illutea,,,,,"Thomas, 1925",This species formerly was included in Akodon (B. Patterson pers. comm). Taxanomical name change from Abrothrix illuteus to Abrothrix illutea. 740,Abrothrix lanosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,lanosus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)","Formerly included in Muridae (Musser and Carleton 2005).

Mann (1978) relegated this to a subspecies of A. longipilis, but others have affirmed its specific status (Osgood 1943; Yañez et al. 1978). Previously had been associated with Microxus (Gyldenstolpe 1932) but later allocated to subgenus Abrothrix of Akodon (Osgood 1943, Reig 1987). Muñoz Pedreros (2000) has maintained the species with Akodon." 754,Abrothrix sanborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,sanborni,,,,,"(Osgood, 1943)","Formerly this species was placed in the Muridae family. It may be conspecific with Abrothrix longipilis, but this has not yet been formally documented (Pearson 1995, Pine et al. 1979, Patterson et al. 1989). It has been reported as hybridizing with A. longipilis so the validity of the species should be reviewed (G. D'elia pers. comm). D'Elía et al. (2015) demonstrated that A. sanborni included at least two species. Populations from northern Chiloé and adjoining areas in southern Chile were referred to as a new species, described as A. manni." 751,Abrothrix olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,olivaceus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)","Systematists have debated synonymy between viewed olivaceus and xanthorhinus. Based on apparent morphological and ecological separation in local settings, some systematists consider them distinct (Osgood 1943, Patterson et al. 1984, Pearson 1995) whereas others consider olivaceus as a polytypic species, also including southern xanthorhinus, based on broader regional trends of morphological and morphometric variation (Mann 1978, Yañez et al. 1978). Recent work with transects between where Valdivian rainforest (olivaceus morphotype) transitions into Patagonian steppe (xanthorhinus morphotype) have given evidence of demic intergradation, which strongly supports the synonymy argument (Smith et al. 2001, Pearson and Smith 1999). This assessment includes the species known as A. llanoi, A. mansoensis, A. xanthorhinus, A. hershkovitzi and A. markhami." 4804,Abrothrix jelskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,jelskii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","This is a species complex, and the relationship of this species with other Abrothrix needs further taxonomic research and revision (H. Zeballos, N. Bernal and B. Patterson pers. comm.)." 15609,Eremoryzomys polius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eremoryzomys,polius,,,,,"(Osgood, 1913)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This is a monotypic species (Percequillo 2015). 14486,Nelsonia goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nelsonia,goldmani,,,,,"Merriam, 1903", 14487,Nelsonia neotomodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nelsonia,neotomodon,,,,,"Merriam, 1897", 136511,Cerradomys marinhus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cerradomys,marinhus,,,,,"(Bonvicino, 2003)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This species is monotypic (Percequillo 2015). 114955348,Cerradomys scotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cerradomys,scotti,,,,,"(Langguth & Bonvicino, 2002)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 136276,Cerradomys maracajuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cerradomys,maracajuensis,,,,,"(Langguth & Bonvicino, 2002)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 738,Deltamys kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Deltamys,kempi,,,,,"Thomas, 1917","Deltamys has been considered a subgenus of Akodon (Ellerman 1940, Cabrera 1961) and alternatively as a genus (Gyldenstolpe 1932, Massoia 1980). Genus status was determined based on morphological (Bianchini and Delupi 1994, Gonzalez and Massoia 1995) and genetic (Smith and Patton 1999) characteristics. Previous Red List assessment conducted as Akodon kempi." 17830,Podomys floridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Podomys,floridanus,,,,,"(Chapman, 1889)", 21694,Thalpomys cerradensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thalpomys,cerradensis,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1990",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 21695,Thalpomys lasiotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thalpomys,lasiotis,,,,,"Thomas, 1916","Thalpomys lasiotis type specimen belongs to the genus Bolomys, the correct name for this species should be T. reinhardti (Bonvicino and Marinho-Filho pers. comm.)." 14601,Neotomys ebriosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotomys,ebriosus,,,,,"Thomas, 1894","This species is included in the Phyllotini, but the tribal position of this species needs to be reviewed (H. Zeballos pers. comm.). There is a need to review the taxonomic status of the two subspecies (H. Zeballos pers. comm.)." 7654,Ellobius fuscocapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ellobius,fuscocapillus,,,,,"Blyth, 1843",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7655,Ellobius lutescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ellobius,lutescens,,,,,"Thomas, 1897",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136745,Wiedomys cerradensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Wiedomys,cerradensis,,,,,"Gonçalves, Almeida & Bonvicino, 2005","Monotypic species (Bonvicino 2015)." 23076,Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Wiedomys,pyrrhorhinos,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1821)",Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos has been variously classified as a species of Oryzomys or Thomasomys (see Musser and Carleton 2005). 22570,Tylomys bullaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tylomys,bullaris,,,,,"Merriam, 1901", 22572,Tylomys mirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tylomys,mirae,,,,,"Thomas, 1899","In the central distribution in Colombia the species is synonymous with bogotensis (Goodwin, 1955). This species is monotypic. T.m. bogotensis was regarded as a subspecies by some, but Musser and Carleton (2005) simply list bogotensis as a synonym of Tylomys mirae. Validation of subspecies boundaries requires a more thorough evaluation of geographic variation than currently available (Álvarez-Castañeda 2015)." 22571,Tylomys fulviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tylomys,fulviventer,,,,,"Anthony, 1916",According to Wilson and Reeder (2005) this species is possibly a subspecies of T. mirae according to Cabrera (1961) or a synonym of T. panamensis according to Handley (1966a). 22574,Tylomys panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tylomys,panamensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1873)", 22573,Tylomys nudicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tylomys,nudicaudus,,,,,"Peters, 1866",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 22576,Tylomys watsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tylomys,watsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1899",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 22575,Tylomys tumbalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tylomys,tumbalensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1901", 136674,Phyllotis anitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,anitae,,,,,"Jayat, D'Elia, Pardiñas & Namen, 2007","Monotypic species (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 17222,Phyllotis bonariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,bonariensis,,,,,"Crespo, 1964","This taxon was described as a subspecies of Phyllotis darwini, but it was considered a distinct species by Reig (1978) and Galliari et al. (1996); determination of status and distribution requires further investigation (Musser and Carleton 2005). This species is monotypic. Molecularly, P. bonariensis is included within a widespread clade. A more thorough geographic sampling of these taxa is required to resolve species-level boundaries within this clade (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 17223,Phyllotis caprinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,caprinus,,,,,"Pearson, 1958",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 17224,Phyllotis darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,darwini,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 17229,Phyllotis osgoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,osgoodi,,,,,"Mann, 1945","Monotypic species (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 17230,Phyllotis osilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,osilae,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1901",Further taxonomic studies into the subspecies of P. osilae are needed (H. Zeballos pers. comm.). 17232,Phyllotis xanthopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,xanthopygus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)","This is a species complex which needs taxonomic revision (H. Zeballos and N. Bernal pers. comm.). The taxonomic status of the species in Cordoba, San Luis and Santiago del Estero (Argentina) needs to be reviewed (U. Pardinas pers. comm)." 17225,Phyllotis definitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,definitus,,,,,"Osgood, 1915","This species is monotypic (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 959,Alticola tuvinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,tuvinicus,,,,,"Ognev, 1950",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 948,Alticola albicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,albicaudus,,,,,"(True, 1894)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 950,Alticola barakshin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,barakshin,,,,,"Bannikov, 1947",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 115555721,Nectomys grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nectomys,grandis,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","Bonvicino (1994) considers Nectomys grandis to be a different species. Nectomys magdalenae has been synonymized with Nectomys grandis (Bonvicino and Weksler 2015)." 13047,Melanomys robustulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Melanomys,robustulus,,,,,"Thomas, 1914","Was also in the Red List as Oryzomys robustulus. This genus is sometimes treated as a subgenus of Oryzomys.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 13048,Melanomys zunigae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Melanomys,zunigae,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1949)",This genus is sometimes treated as a subgenus of Oryzomys. 15324,Ondatra zibethicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ondatra,zibethicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 10886,Isthmomys flavidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Isthmomys,flavidus,,,,,"(Bangs, 1902)","Generic synonym = Peromyscus. Previously described as species of Megadontomys (Miller and Engstrom 2014)." 10887,Isthmomys pirrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Isthmomys,pirrensis,,,,,"(Goldman, 1912)","Requires taxonomic revision to compare with I. flavidus (Musser and Carleton 2005). Previously described as species of Megadontomys (Miller and Engstrom 2014)." 40768,Geoxus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Geoxus,annectens,,,,,"Patterson, 1992",This species is known recognized as Geoxus annectens following Teta et al. 2016. 14600,Neotomodon alstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotomodon,alstoni,,,,,"Merriam, 1898", 42635,Microtus umbrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,umbrosus,,,,,"Merriam, 1898", 136354,Microtus majori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,majori,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 42630,Microtus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,montanus,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13449,Microtus oaxacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,oaxacensis,,,,,"Goodwin, 1966", 13453,Microtus quasiater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,quasiater,,,,,"(Coues, 1874)", 42625,Microtus canicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,canicaudus,,,,,"Miller, 1897",Previously recognized as a subspecies of M. montanus; electrophoretic and cytological evidence confirm its specific status (Modi 1986). 42628,Microtus xanthognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,xanthognathus,,,,,"(Leach, 1815)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13455,Microtus sachalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,sachalinensis,,,,,"Vasin, 1955", 13456,Microtus schelkovnikovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,schelkovnikovi,,,,,"(Satunin, 1907)", 13459,Microtus transcaspicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,transcaspicus,,,,,"Satunin, 1905","Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. Species was split, to give new species M. kermanensis (Golenishchev et al. 2000)." 136391,Microtus schidlovskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,schidlovskii,,,,,"Argyropulo, 1933", 136535,Microtus dogramacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,dogramacii,,,,,"Kefioğlu & Kryštufek, 1999","The species was described on the basis of unique karyotype. Recently, analysis of mitochondrial DNA has shown that the species is closely related to Microtus guentheri." 13417,Microtus breweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,breweri,,,,,"(Baird, 1858)","According to Modi (1986), karyotypic analysis indicates that Microtus breweri should be synonymized with M. pennsylvanicus; morphological differences between the two are attributable to island effects in breweri. Microtus breweri and M. pennsylvanicus are marginally distinct electrophoretically. Moyer et al. (1988) presented cranial and dental evidence supporting recognition of M. breweri as a species distinct from M. pennsylvanicus. Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003), and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) recognize M. breweri as a distinct species." 13427,Microtus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,californicus,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 23042,Microtus kikuchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,kikuchii,,,,,"Kuroda, 1920",This species is sometimes placed in the genus Volemys (Smith and Xie 2008). 13425,Microtus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,abbreviatus,,,,,"Miller, 1899","Some authors have considered M. abbreviatus to be conspecific with M. miurus of the Alaskan mainland. Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003), and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) recognize M. abbreviatus and M. miurus as distinct species. According to Weksler et al. (2005) this species is recognized as a cospecies with M. miurus." 13432,Microtus guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,guatemalensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1898", 13433,Microtus hyperboreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,hyperboreus,,,,,"Vinogradov, 1934",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13438,Microtus ilaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,ilaeus,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",This species was formerly listed as a subspecies of M. arvalis (Musser and Carleton 2005). 136565,Microtus qazvinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,qazvinensis,,,,,"Golenishchev, Malikov, Nazari, Vaziri, Sablina & Polyakov, 2003","The species has the same karyotype of Microtus guentheri, but did not hybridize with that species during experiments (Golenishchev et al. 2003). The population of voles that comprises M. qazvinensis was previously assigned to Microtus irani." 13488,Microtus arvalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,arvalis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1778)",The species consists of two allopatric chromosomal races (“arvalis” and “obscurus”: Wilson and Reeder 2005) which are now reported as two distinct species (Tourgard et al. 2013). 136216,Microtus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,paradoxus,,,,,"(Ognev & Heptner, 1928)", 11341,Lasiopodomys fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lasiopodomys,fuscus,,,,,"(Büchner, 1889)",Lasiopodomys fuscus was formerly included in Pitymys leucurus (Smith and Xie 2008). 8257,Euneomys mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euneomys,mordax,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 8256,Euneomys chinchilloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euneomys,chinchilloides,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)","Synonyms of this species include Reithrodon chinchilloides (Waterhouse 1839, Coues 1874) and Euneomys ultimus (Thomas 1916, Braun and Pardiñas 2015)." 136261,Euneomys fossor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euneomys,fossor,,,,,"(Thomas, 1899)","Synonyms for this species include Reithrodon fossor (Thomas 1899). It is a monotypic species (Braun and Pardiñas 2015)." 14387,Neacomys pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,pictus,,,,,"Goldman, 1912",Was transferred to family Cricetidae. 14386,Neacomys guianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,guianae,,,,,"Thomas, 1905","

Taxonomy and molecular systematics recently reviewed by Voss et al. 2001 and by Catzeflis & Tilak, 2009.

" 136570,Neacomys minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,minutus,,,,,"Patton, da Silva & Malcolm, 2000", 136655,Neacomys musseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,musseri,,,,,"Patton, da Silva & Malcolm, 2000", 136727,Neacomys dubosti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,dubosti,,,,,"Voss, Lunde & Simmons, 2001", 136352,Neacomys paracou,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,paracou,,,,,"Voss, Lunde & Simmons, 2001", 10643,Hyperacrius wynnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hyperacrius,wynnei,,,,,"(Blanford, 1881)", 12941,Megadontomys nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Megadontomys,nelsoni,,,,,"(Merriam, 1898)", 12942,Megadontomys thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Megadontomys,thomasi,,,,,"(Merriam, 1898)", 12940,Megadontomys cryophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Megadontomys,cryophilus,,,,,"(Musser, 1964)", 548,Aepeomys lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Aepeomys,lugens,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)", 136484,Aepeomys reigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Aepeomys,reigi,,,,,"Ochoa G., Aguilera, Pacheco & Soriano, 2001","Previously, this species was included within Aepeomys lugens." 19454,Rhagomys rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhagomys,rufescens,,,,,"(Thomas, 1886)", 136521,Rhagomys longilingua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhagomys,longilingua,,,,,"Luna & Patterson, 2003", 19487,Rheomys underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rheomys,underwoodi,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 19486,Rheomys thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rheomys,thomasi,,,,,"Dickey, 1928", 19485,Rheomys raptor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rheomys,raptor,,,,,"Goldman, 1912","Reomys hartmanni was previously considered a separate species, but is now included as a subspecies of Reomys raptor." 19484,Rheomys mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rheomys,mexicanus,,,,,"Goodwin, 1959", 20218,Sigmodon peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,peruanus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1897",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20212,Sigmodon fulviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,fulviventer,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1889", 20211,Sigmodon arizonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,arizonae,,,,,"Mearns, 1890",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 115591937,Sigmodon alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,alleni,,,,,"Bailey, 1902",The taxonomic concept of Sigmodon alleni has been revised since its previous assessment. Sigmodon planifrons and S. vulcani are now considered synonyms of S. alleni. 20215,Sigmodon leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,leucotis,,,,,"Bailey, 1902","Synonym = S. alticola.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 20214,Sigmodon inopinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,inopinatus,,,,,"Anthony, 1924","This species is monotypic (Voss 2015)." 2803,Bibimys torresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Bibimys,torresi,,,,,"Massoia, 1979","Teta et al. (2004) have suggested that Bibimys torresi may be conspecific with B. labiosus based on morphological and molecular analysis. This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015)." 2801,Bibimys chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Bibimys,chacoensis,,,,,"(Shamel, 1931)","Generic synonyms Akodon, Scapteromys. Formerly in Muridae family. Described as a species of Akodon; transferred to Bibimys by Massoia (1980), who noted the need to clarify the differentiation of this form from B. torresi. This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015)." 14520,Neofiber alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neofiber,alleni,,,,,"True, 1884",Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) recommended that subspecies nigrescens and struix be regarded as synonyms of alleni. 23321,Zygodontomys brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Zygodontomys,brevicauda,,,,,"J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1893",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 23322,Zygodontomys brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Zygodontomys,brunneus,,,,,"Thomas, 1898","Synonym = Z. borreroi.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 15244,Oligoryzomys delticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,delticola,,,,,"(Thomas, 1917)","Was in the Red List under the genus Oryzomys.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 15242,Oligoryzomys arenalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,arenalis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)",This might be a species complex which needs further taxonomic review (H. Zeballos pers. comm.). 136336,Oligoryzomys moojeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,moojeni,,,,,"(Weksler & Bonvicino, 2005)","Monotypic species (Weksler and Bonvicino 2015)." 136530,Oligoryzomys brendae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,brendae,,,,,"Massoia, 1998","Monotypic species (Weksler and Bonvicino 2015)." 136425,Oligoryzomys rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,rupestris,,,,,"(Weksler & Bonvicino, 2005)","Monotypic species (Weksler and Bonvicino 2015)." 29418,Oligoryzomys stramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,stramineus,,,,,"Bonvicino & Weksler, 1998",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15255,Oligoryzomys victus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,victus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 15254,Oligoryzomys vegetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,vegetus,,,,,"(Bangs, 1902)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15253,Oligoryzomys nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,nigripes,,,,,"(Olfers, 1818)",Oligoryzomys delticola and O. eliurus are likely synonyms of O. nigripes (see Weksler and Bonvicino 2005). 15251,Oligoryzomys magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,magellanicus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1836)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15249,Oligoryzomys griseolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,griseolus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1912)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15629,Osgoodomys banderanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Osgoodomys,banderanus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1897)", 23115,Xenomys nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Xenomys,nelsoni,,,,,"Merriam, 1892", 11500,Lenoxus apicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lenoxus,apicalis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1900)", 16662,Peromyscus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,grandis,,,,,"Goodwin, 1932",There is taxonomic confusion between this species and Peromyscus guatemalensis. It needs more taxonomic research. The species is referred to as a member of the Peromyscus mexicanus species group based on karyotypic data (Ordóñez-Garza et al. 2013). 16661,Peromyscus furvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,furvus,,,,,"J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1897","This is a monotypic species (Castro-Campillo et al. 2014)." 16664,Peromyscus guardia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,guardia,,,,,"Townsend, 1912","Three subspecies exist in Mexico: Peromyscus guardia guardia, P. g. harbisoni, and P. g. mejiae (Mellink and Luévano 2014)." 16657,Peromyscus dickeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,dickeyi,,,,,"Burt, 1932","In 2001 according to molecular evidence, Peromyscus dickeyi was considered a subspecies of P. merriami (Hafner et al. 2001). Until further evidence demonstrates this it is still a full species (Cornejo-Latorre et al. 2017)." 16660,Peromyscus eva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,eva,,,,,"Thomas, 1898",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16672,Peromyscus maniculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,maniculatus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1845)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16671,Peromyscus madrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,madrensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1898", 16666,Peromyscus gymnotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,gymnotis,,,,,"Thomas, 1894",Taxonomic confusion in that some believe that P. gymnotis is actually just a small P. mexicanus. 16665,Peromyscus guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,guatemalensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1898","P. guatemalensis is referred to as part of the species group Peromyscus mexicanus. It is highly similar to P. grandis and patterns of phylogenetic relationships showed that P. guatemalensis and P. grandis were sister taxa (Ordóñez-Garza et al 2010)." 16667,Peromyscus hooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,hooperi,,,,,"Lee & Schmidly, 1977",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16645,Peromyscus pembertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,pembertoni,,,,,"Burt, 1932",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16653,Peromyscus bullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,bullatus,,,,,"Osgood, 1904", 16654,Peromyscus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,californicus,,,,,"(Gambel, 1848)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136416,Peromyscus hylocetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,hylocetes,,,,,"Merriam, 1898", 16655,Peromyscus caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,caniceps,,,,,"Burt, 1932","According to molecular evidence in 2001, Peromyscus caniceps was considered a subspecies of P. fraterculus. No morphological evidence or karyotypes have demonstrated this, therefore it is referred to as its own species in the literature (Mellink and Luévano 2014)." 16651,Peromyscus aztecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,aztecus,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16692,Peromyscus stephani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,stephani,,,,,"Townsend, 1912", 16689,Peromyscus simulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,simulus,,,,,"Osgood, 1904", 16696,Peromyscus yucatanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,yucatanicus,,,,,"J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1897",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16695,Peromyscus winkelmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,winkelmanni,,,,,"Carleton, 1977", 16693,Peromyscus stirtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,stirtoni,,,,,"Dickey, 1928",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136710,Peromyscus sagax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,sagax,,,,,"Elliot, 1903","This is a monotypic species (Cruzado 2014)." 16697,Peromyscus zarhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,zarhynchus,,,,,"Merriam, 1898", 136576,Peromyscus schmidlyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,schmidlyi,,,,,"Bradley, 2004","A recently described species, split from Peromyscus boylii (Bradley et al. 2004)." 16675,Peromyscus mekisturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,mekisturus,,,,,"Merriam, 1898","This species belongs to the group Peromyscus melanophrys (Castaneda et al. 2014)." 16676,Peromyscus melanocarpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,melanocarpus,,,,,"Osgood, 1904", 16673,Peromyscus mayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,mayensis,,,,,"Carleton & Huckaby, 1975", 16679,Peromyscus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,melanurus,,,,,"Osgood, 1909", 16683,Peromyscus ochraventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,ochraventer,,,,,"Baker, 1951", 16681,Peromyscus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)","There is taxonomic confusion with this species. Some people recognize this species as nudipes, others don't." 16688,Peromyscus sejugis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,sejugis,,,,,"Burt, 1932", 16685,Peromyscus perfulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,perfulvus,,,,,"Osgood, 1945",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16686,Peromyscus polius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,polius,,,,,"Osgood, 1904", 136323,Peromyscus beatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,beatae,,,,,"Thomas, 1903", 21790,Thomasomys rosalinda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,rosalinda,,,,,"Thomas & St. Leger, 1926", 21791,Thomasomys silvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,silvestris,,,,,"Anthony, 1924", 21787,Thomasomys paramorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,paramorum,,,,,"Thomas, 1898","Pacheco (2003) suggested that Thomasomys paramorum might be a species complex, based on some geographic polymorphism in several characters (Pacheco 2015)." 96789732,Thomasomys pyrrhonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,pyrrhonotus,,,,,"Thomas, 1886","Pacheco (2003) recognized Thomasomys pyrrhonotus and T. auricularis as distinct species, contrary to previous reviews (Cabrera 1961; Musser and Carleton 1993, 2005). Pacheco (2015) supported the distinction a give a full account for the species" 21783,Thomasomys monochromos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,monochromos,,,,,"Bangs, 1900", 21777,Thomasomys hylophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,hylophilus,,,,,"Osgood, 1912", 21778,Thomasomys incanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,incanus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)", 21779,Thomasomys ischyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,ischyrus,,,,,"Osgood, 1914",This species is under revision (V. Pacheco pers. comm.). 136575,Thomasomys onkiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,onkiro,,,,,"Luna & Pacheco, 2002", 21780,Thomasomys kalinowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,kalinowskii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)", 21773,Thomasomys cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,cinereus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1882)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 21776,Thomasomys gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,gracilis,,,,,"Thomas, 1917",Thomasomys gracilis formerly included as a subspecies or junior synonym to T. cinnameus and T. hudsoni. Pacheco (2003) and Voss (2003) indicate that these are unambiguously diagnosable taxa that should be recognized as distinct species. 21770,Thomasomys baeops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,baeops,,,,,"(Thomas, 1899)","Recent studies suggest that T. baeops may be composed of more than one taxon (Pacheco 2003; Lee et al. 2011; Pacheco 2015). However, see Lee et al. (2015) because some of the taxonomic confusion involves T. taczanowskii that can cause problems with identification between it a T. baeops. Some specimens from farther north in Colombia are not included, but are part of the baeops species complex and are pending taxonomic review (M. Gómez-Laverde and V. Pacheco pers. comm.). Different species of this group are present in central part of the Cordilleras Central of Colombia (M. Gómez-Laverde pers. comm.)." 136312,Thomasomys praetor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,praetor,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)","This species was formerly included in the Thomasomys aureus complex. Currently it is accepted as a different species (Pacheco 2003, Voss 2003)." 96801180,Thomasomys aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,aureus,,,,,"(Tomes, 1860)","In the 1900’s, Thomasomys aureus, T. praetor, T. princeps, T. nicefori, T. popayanus, and T. altorum were considered as subspecies of T. aureus (Thomas 1900, Ellerman 1941, Cabrera 1961, Musser and Carleton 1993). Gardner and Romo (1993) assumed that the “T. aureuscomplex” consisted of three or more valid species. Voss (2003) and Pacheco (2003, 2015) discriminated popayanus and praetor from aureus, but Pacheco (2003) also recognizedprinceps and nicefori as full species. Pacheco (2003) recognized two additional unnamed species allied to T. aureus (e.g., Thomasomys sp. 1, and Thomasomys sp. 2 ). Then, Salazar Bravo and Yates (2007) sequenced a specimen of both, reporting enough divergence to consider them as distinct species. Pacheco (2015) suggested that other populations (from the Mérida Andes in Venezuela; Chinguela, Piura, and Río Abiseo, San Martín in Peru; and Unduavi, Bolivia) might deserve also species distinction." 21771,Thomasomys bombycinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,bombycinus,,,,,"Anthony, 1925", 136487,Thomasomys ucucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,ucucha,,,,,"Voss, 2003", 136480,Thomasomys macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,macrotis,,,,,"Gardner & Romo, 1993", 136667,Thomasomys apeco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,apeco,,,,,"L. Leo & Gardner, 1993", 136822,Thomasomys cinnameus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,cinnameus,,,,,"Anthony, 1924","Thomasomys cinnameus was considered a synonym of T. gracilis by Both Cabrera (1961) and Musser and Carleton (1993), but Voss (2003) Pacheco (2003) and Salazar- Bravo and Yates (2007) recognized T. cinnameus as a valid species. Pacheco (2015) noted that some individuals from Ecuador and Colombia show differences that suggest the presence of more than one taxon; however, more samples are required." 136762,Thomasomys hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,hudsoni,,,,,"Anthony, 1923","Voss (2003) considered Thomasomys hudsoni a valid species, contrasting it with T. cinnameus and T. gracili. Pacheco (2003, 2015) provided a full set of morphological characters for the species." 136413,Thomasomys caudivarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,caudivarius,,,,,"Anthony, 1923","This species is considered a member of the “cinereus” species group (Pacheco 2003). Although T. caudivarius is considered monotypic, morphological variation suggests that it might include another taxon (Pacheco 2015)." 136345,Thomasomys erro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,erro,,,,,"Anthony, 1926",Voss (2003) listed several morphological traits that clearly discriminated T. cinereiventer and T. erro as valid species. 99693990,Thomasomys vulcani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,vulcani,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)","Initially, Thomasomys vulcani was considered as a subspecies or synonym of Aepeomys lugens (Musser and Carleton 1993, Cabrera 1961). Later, Pacheco (in Voss et al. 2002) considered it to be a form of Thomasomys proper. Additional comparisons including the holotype of rhoadsi Stone prompted to recognize that rhoadsi is a junior synonym of T. vulcani (Pacheco 2015)." 29434,Loxodontomys pikumche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Loxodontomys,pikumche,,,,,"Spotorno, Cofre, Vilina, Marquet & Walker, 1998",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136583,Reithrodon typicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodon,typicus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1837", 9466,Graomys edithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Graomys,edithae,,,,,"Thomas, 1919","Generic synonym Phyllotis. Synonyms include Graomys griseoflavus medius (Cabrera 1961). This is a monotypic species (Braun and Patton 2015)." 9465,Graomys domorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Graomys,domorum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 9467,Graomys griseoflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Graomys,griseoflavus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",This species could be a complex of several species. 114981285,Graomys chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Graomys,chacoensis,,,,,"Allen, 1901", 12308,Lophiomys imhausi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lophiomys,imhausi,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1867",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 23077,Wilfredomys oenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Wilfredomys,oenax,,,,,"(Thomas, 1928)",This taxon may represent a species complex. 15137,Oecomys phaeotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,phaeotis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15143,Oecomys trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,trinitatis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1893)","The species is in need of revision, likely represents a species complex (M. Weksler pers. comm.)." 15135,Oecomys mamorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,mamorae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)","The genus needs taxonomic revision - this species could be a subspecies. Although the the genus Oecomys occurs in Argentina, the presence of O. mamorae is not confirmed; the isolated populations found in Paraguay should be reviewed." 15136,Oecomys paricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,paricola,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)","Monotypic species (Carleton and Musser 2015)." 15134,Oecomys flavicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,flavicans,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15132,Oecomys cleberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,cleberi,,,,,"Locks, 1981","Allied to Oecomys bicolor or O. paricola; status and distributional extent require study (Musser and Carleton 2005). Langguth et al. (1996) consider it as a subspecies of O. bicolor. It is now recognized as a monotypic species (Carleton and Musser 2015)." 14594,Neotoma phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,phenax,,,,,"(Merriam, 1903)", 14593,Neotoma palatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,palatina,,,,,"Goldman, 1905", 14597,Neotoma macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,macrotis,,,,,"Thomas, 1893","Formerly a subspecies under Neotoma fuscipes, N. macrotis was elevated to species status following the discovery of morphological and genetic differences indicating genetic isolation between the two groups (Matocq 2002)." 14583,Neotoma angustapalata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,angustapalata,,,,,"Baker, 1951", 14585,Neotoma chrysomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,chrysomelas,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1908",Potentially a subspecies of N. mexicana (Reid 2009). 14586,Neotoma devia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,devia,,,,,"Goldman, 1927",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14587,Neotoma fuscipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,fuscipes,,,,,"Baird, 1858","Based on concordant patterns of morphological and mtDNA variation, Matocq (2002) split N. fuscipes into two species, N. fuscipes (Dusky-footed Woodrat) and N. macrotis (Large-eared Woodrat). This change was adopted in the North American mammal checklist by Baker et al. (2003). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) also recognized the two as different species but applied the name ""Big-eared Woodrat"" to N. macrotis." 14592,Neotoma nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,nelsoni,,,,,"Goldman, 1905",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16899,Myodes andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,andersoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1905)","There was a previous attempt to divide this species into three separate species, but present evidence does not support this (Abe et al. 2005). Originally named as a species of Evotomys, it has sometimes been placed in the genus Eothenomys and Clethrionomys. Myodes imaizumii, here considered a synonym of M. andersoni (see Iwasa et al. 1999), was treated as a distinct species by Musser and Carleton (2005)." 16900,Myodes smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,smithii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1905)",This species is sometimes included within the genus Eothenomys. 18155952,Sagamichthys schnakenbecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Sagamichthys,schnakenbecki,,,,,"(Krefft, 1953)", 4974,Myodes rufocanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,rufocanus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1846)","Formerly in the genus Clethrionomys, which is here considered a synonym of Myodes. There is debate whether the populations on Daikoku and Rebun islands represent a separate species, Myodes sikotanensis (Musser and Carleton 2005, Abe et al., 2005). Specimens identified from China as regulus belong to this species. M. regulus is now considered to be endemic to the Korean Peninsula (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 39591,Myodes rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,rex,,,,,"(Imaizumi, 1971)","Was included as a synonym of Clethrionomys rufocanus, but recognized as a separate species by Wakana et al. (1996) on the basis of molecular study." 7805,Myodes shanseius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,shanseius,,,,,"(Thomas, 1908)",Myodes shanseius is frequently listed as a subspecies of M. rufocanus (Musser and Carleton 2005). It is sometimes included in the genus Eothenomys (Smith and Xie 2008). 19607,Rhipidomys couesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,couesi,,,,,"(J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1893)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19608,Rhipidomys fulviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,fulviventer,,,,,"Thomas, 1896","It is a species complex, some portions of which may be threatened; it includes tenicauda from the Venezuelan Cordillera Oriental which may be a separate taxa (M. Gómez-Laverde pers. comm.). Two species similar to the Rhipidomys fulviventer have been found in Bongara, Peru but not much information is known (Tribe 2015)." 136357,Rhipidomys cariri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,cariri,,,,,"Tribe, 2005","The two subspecies of this species are debated and need futher research to be validated, R. cariri cariri and R. cariri baturiteensis (Costa et al. 2011)." 19605,Rhipidomys austrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,austrinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1921",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19606,Rhipidomys caucensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,caucensis,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1913","Monotypic species (Tribe 2015)." 19616,Rhipidomys venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,venezuelae,,,,,"Thomas, 1896","This form may represent the E Andean complement of R. latimanus (see that account). The provisional association of R. nitela tobagi Goodwin, previously placed as a synonym of R. nitela (e.g., Musser and Carleton 1993, Tribe 1996), follows the observations of Voss et al. (2001)." 19614,Rhipidomys ochrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,ochrogaster,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1901","Monotypic species (Tribe 2015)." 136195,Rhipidomys emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,emiliae,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1916)", 19611,Rhipidomys macconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,macconnelli,,,,,"de Winton, 1900",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19617,Rhipidomys venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,venustus,,,,,"Thomas, 1900",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136210,Rhipidomys modicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,modicus,,,,,"Thomas, 1926", 136759,Rhipidomys gardneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,gardneri,,,,,"Patton, da Silva & Malcolm, 2000", 7798,Eothenomys custos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,custos,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)","Wang (2003) recognized five subspecies: 1) Eothenomys custos cangshanensis Wang and Li 2000; Yunnan (Cang mountain of Dali); 2) E. c. custos (Thomas, 1912); NW Yunnan; 3) E. c. hintoni Osgood, 1932; W Sichuan; 4) E. c. ninglangensis Wang and Li, 2000; N Yunnan, S Sichuan; 5) E. c. rubellus (Allen, 1924); N Yunnan (Smith and Xie 2008)." 7797,Eothenomys chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,chinensis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1891)","Eothenomys chinensis is the type species of Anteliomys, which is in turn a synonym of Eothenomys (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 136507,Eothenomys cachinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,cachinus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1921)", 136196,Eothenomys wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,wardi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)",Eothenomys wardi was formerly included in E. chinensis (Smith and Xie 2008). 7803,Eothenomys proditor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,proditor,,,,,"Hinton, 1923", 1264,Andalgalomys olrogi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Andalgalomys,olrogi,,,,,"Williams & Mares, 1978","This species is considered for the assessment as A. olrogi and A. roigi, these are the same species according new studies (A.A. Garcia 2003). A. olrogi was considered in 1996 as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List; A. roigi was not included in the IUCN Red List. This species is monotypic (Braun 2015)." 136616,Habromys schmidlyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Habromys,schmidlyi,,,,,"Romo-Vázquez, León-Paniagua & Sánchez, 2005","This species is closely related to Habromys chinanteco and H. simulatus. However, strong morphometric differentiation and geographic isolation help to differentiate the species (Romo-Vazquez et al. 2005)." 9608,Habromys chinanteco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Habromys,chinanteco,,,,,"(Robertson & Musser, 1976)",This species is morphologically similar to H. simulatus (Rogers et al. 2007). 136683,Habromys delicatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Habromys,delicatulus,,,,,"Carleton, Sanchez, and Urbano Vidales, 2002",This species has a strong sister group relationship with Habromys chicanteco (Rogers 2007). 136582,Habromys ixtlani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Habromys,ixtlani,,,,,"(Goodwin, 1964)","This taxon was returned to specific rank by Carleton et al. (2002). It has a similar morphology to Habromys lepturus (Rogers 2007)." 9611,Habromys simulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Habromys,simulatus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1904)","Musser and Carleton (2005) list this species as occurring in extreme northwestern Oaxaca, México (specifically: Puerto de la Soledad, Cuicatlán), but this population probably represents a separate species (León-Paniagua et al. 2007). This species has a close morphology to H. chicanteco (Rogers et al. 2007)." 9610,Habromys lophurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Habromys,lophurus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1904)",This species has a strong sister group relationship with Habromys ixtlani and H. lepturus (Rogers 2007). 9609,Habromys lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Habromys,lepturus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1898)",This species has a similar morphology to H. ixtlani (Rogers et al. 2007). 12980,Megalomys desmarestii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Megalomys,desmarestii,,,,,"(J. Fischer, 1829)", 12981,Megalomys luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Megalomys,luciae,,,,,"(Forsyth Major, 1901)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 42638,Synaptomys borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Synaptomys,borealis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1828)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136205,Oxymycterus amazonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,amazonicus,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1994", 136813,Oxymycterus dasytrichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,dasytrichus,,,,,"(Schinz, 1821)", 15788,Oxymycterus inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,inca,,,,,"Thomas, 1900",The distribution limits between this species and O. amazonicus need to be reviewed (B. Patterson pers. comm.). This treatment includes O. juliacae which may be a distinct species (H. Zeballos and B. Patterson pers. comm.). 15793,Oxymycterus hiska,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,hiska,,,,,"Hinojosa, Anderson & Patton, 1987",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136725,Oxymycterus caparoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,caparoae,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1998", 136453,Oxymycterus josei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,josei,,,,,"Hoffmann, Lessa & Smith, 2002", 18305,Proedromys bedfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Proedromys,bedfordi,,,,,"Thomas, 1911",This species is sometimes included in the genus Microtus (Musser and Carleton 2005). 136459,Proedromys liangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Proedromys,liangshanensis,,,,,"Liu, Sun, Zeng & Zhao, 2007","This new species of Proedromys is distinguished from P. bedfordi by external and cranial measurements, as well as dentition (Liu et al. 2007)." 10211,Hodomys alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hodomys,alleni,,,,,"(Merriam, 1892)",Also known as Neotoma alleni. 3760,Cansumys canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cansumys,canus,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1928","Generic synonym = Cricetulus; Tscherskia.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 729,Akodon budini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,budini,,,,,"(Thomas, 1918)","Nominal forms as synonyms should be reviewed. Formerly included in Muridae (Musser and Carleton 2005). The following species may be found in sympatry with Akodon budini: A. caenosus, A. fumenus, and A. simulator (Barquez et al. 2006; Diaz and Barquez 2007; Ortiz and Miotti 2008; Jayat et al. 2010)." 114956458,Akodon caenosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,caenosus,,,,,"Thomas, 1918", 723,Akodon aerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,aerosus,,,,,"Thomas, 1913",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 724,Akodon affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,affinis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1912)","Generic synonyms Abrothrix, Chroeomys, Hypsimys, Thaptomys. This species has a synonym A. tolimae (type locality Cordillera Central), also present in 'Cordillera Central y Occidental'). A species complex with taxonomic changes expected (Anderson and Gómez-Laverde pers. comm.)." 727,Neomicroxus bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neomicroxus,bogotensis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)", 728,Akodon boliviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,boliviensis,,,,,"Meyen, 1833",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136483,Akodon paranaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,paranaensis,,,,,"Christoff, Fagundes, Sbalqueiro, Mattevi & Yonenaga-Yassuda, 2000","Subgenus Akodon, formerly in Muridae family. Populations assigned to this species had been formerly identified as A. serrensis (e.g., Liascovich et al. 1989), but work by Christoff et al. (2000) clarified the karyotypic and morphometric separation of the two species. Christoff et al. (2000) left the assignment of A. paranaensis as species group indeterminate pending additional study of its relationship. Pardiñas et al. (2003) discuss the tenuous basis for segregating paranaensis and reigi; resolution is needed." 760,Akodon subfuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,subfuscus,,,,,"Osgood, 1944",It was transferred to family Cricetidae. 758,Akodon simulator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,simulator,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 757,Akodon siberiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,siberiae,,,,,"Myers & Patton, 1989","This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015)." 755,Akodon sanctipaulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,sanctipaulensis,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1990",This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015). 753,Akodon lutescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,lutescens,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1901","

This species needs further taxonomic review (N. Bernal pers. comm.). Formerly assessed for the Red List as A. puer in Muridae. Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Myers et al. 1990). In that revision of the boliviensis group, Myers et al. (1990) referred lutescens, classified as a subspecies of A. andinus by Cabrera (1961) to subspecies of A. puer.  Some years after Anderson (1997) indicated that lutescens has priority over puer.

" 766,Akodon varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,varius,,,,,"Thomas, 1902","There are significant taxonomic problems with this name. It may represent an undefined number of species for which the distribution limits are very poorly known (J. Dunnum, J. Vargas and N. Bernal pers. comm.). Pardiñas et al. (2015) regard this species as monotypic." 136676,Akodon pervalens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,pervalens,,,,,"Thomas, 1925","This is a species complex; the relationships of sylvanus, pervalens, tartareus, varius and azarae need further consideration (Anderson, 1997). Subgenus Akodon, formerly Muridae family. Status and relationship variously recognized: named as a subspecies of A. sylvanus by Thomas (1925; as followed by Musser and Carleton, 1993); reallocated to a subspecies of A. varius by Cabrera (1961); retained as a nominal species similar to A. cursor by Myers (1989); placed as a synonym of A. serrensis by Hershkovitz (1990). The status of A. pervalens as a full species, supported by some authors (Myers 1990; S. Anderson 1997; Musser and Carleton 2005; M. M. Díaz and Barquez 2007), and the proper delineation of its distribution require further studies focused on topotypical material (see Jayat, Ortiz et al. 2007) and the reexamination of the specimens assigned to this species by S. Anderson (1997) (Pardiñas et al. 2015). Taxonomic resolution is needed." 763,Akodon toba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,toba,,,,,"Thomas, 1921",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136260,Akodon mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,mystax,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1998",This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015). 762,Akodon sylvanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,sylvanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015)." 761,Akodon surdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,surdus,,,,,"Thomas, 1917","This species is monotypic. It has been treated mostly as its own species; however, some have suggested that it is a local variant of Akodon aerosus confined to the Urubamba Valley (Pardiñas et al. 2015)." 741,Neomicroxus latebricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neomicroxus,latebricola,,,,,"(Anthony, 1924)", 742,Akodon lindberghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,lindberghi,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1990",This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015). 739,Akodon kofordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,kofordi,,,,,"Myers & Patton, 1989","This species has been misidentified with A. mimus and A. fumeus in the past. This species share many morphological attributes with A. fumeus and present a sister relationship (Smith and Patton 2007)." 752,Akodon orophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,orophilus,,,,,"Osgood, 1913","There has been some confusion between specimens of A. orophilus and A. mollis. Further taxonomic review of these species is needed as there are three distinct karyotypes (H. Zeballos and E. Vivar pers. comm.). Records of this species from Ecuador (Moreno and Albuja, 2005) are considered to be A. mollis (H. Zeballos and V. Pacheco pers. comm.). There are two recognized subspecies of Akodon orophilus, A.o. orophilus and A.o. orientalis. Both subspecies were originally described as subspecies of A. mollis. Intergradation between subspecies A. orophilus and A. orientalis has been reported in the Puca Tambo region, and color variations have been related to differences in environmental conditions (Pardiñas et al. 2015)." 136693,Akodon reigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,reigi,,,,,"González, Langguth & Oliveira, 1998","This species could be synonymous with A. paranensis (A. Langguth pers. comm.). Subgenus Akodon, A. cursor species group sensu Rieger et al. (1995). Formerly Muridae family. Principally contrasted to A. cursor and A. serrensis; misattributed reports of this new species as A. serrensis clarified by González et al. (1998). Status and distributional limits with regard to A. mystax and especially A. paranaensis require careful review (see discussion by Pardiñas et al. 2003)." 136753,Akodon philipmyersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,philipmyersi,,,,,"Pardiñas, D'Elia, Cirignoli & Suarez, 2005",This species is monotypic (Pardiñas et al. 2015). 748,Akodon mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,mollis,,,,,"Thomas, 1894",This is considered to be a species complex which requires further taxonomic investigation. 2823,Blanfordimys afghanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Blanfordimys,afghanus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 2824,Blanfordimys bucharensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Blanfordimys,bucharensis,,,,,"(Vinogradov, 1930)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 136442,Brucepattersonius soricinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Brucepattersonius,soricinus,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1998","This species is monotypic (Vilela et al. 2015). No new changes." 136457,Brucepattersonius misionensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Brucepattersonius,misionensis,,,,,"Mares & Braun, 2000","This species is monotypic. No new changes. It is possible that this species may be synonymous with Brucepattersonius paradisus or Brucepattersonius iheringi (Vilela et al. 2015)." 136402,Brucepattersonius guarani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Brucepattersonius,guarani,,,,,"Mares & Braun, 2000","This species is monotypic. No new changes. It is possible that this species may be synonymous with Brucepattersonius paradisus or Brucepattersonius iheringi (Vilela et al. 2015)." 136672,Brucepattersonius igniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Brucepattersonius,igniventris,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1998","This species is monotypic (Vilela et al. 2015). No new changes." 136198,Brucepattersonius paradisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Brucepattersonius,paradisus,,,,,"Mares & Braun, 2000","This species is monotypic (Vilela et al. 2015). No new changes." 10761,Ichthyomys hydrobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ichthyomys,hydrobates,,,,,"(Winge, 1891)","This taxon reflects a species complex, more studies are needed. Cabrera (1961) recognized three subspecies as did Voss (1988:334). Each proposed subspecies describes a single local population. Ichthyomys h. hydrobates of Venezuela, I. h. nicefori of Columbia, and I.h. soderstromi of Ecuador (Voss 2015)." 10762,Ichthyomys pittieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ichthyomys,pittieri,,,,,"Handley & Mondolfi, 1963","This species is monotypic (Voss 2015)." 10763,Ichthyomys stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ichthyomys,stolzmanni,,,,,"Thomas, 1893","Synonyms of this species include Ichthyomys orientalis (Anthony 1923). Monotypic species (Voss 2015)." 10764,Ichthyomys tweedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ichthyomys,tweedii,,,,,"Anthony, 1921","Synonyms of this species include Ichthyomys caurinus (Thomas 1924) (MSW). Monotypic species (Voss 2015)." 19406,Reithrodontomys darienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,darienensis,,,,,"Pearson, 1939",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19405,Reithrodontomys creper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,creper,,,,,"Bangs, 1902",This species is also known as Aporodon creper. 19402,Reithrodontomys brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,brevirostris,,,,,"Goodwin, 1943",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19401,Reithrodontomys raviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,raviventris,,,,,"Dixon, 1908","Two subspecies are recognized: Reithrodontomys raviventris raviventris and R. r. halicoetes, which some authors have proposed as distinct species. Neither Baker et al. (2003) nor Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) recognized halicoetes as a distinct species.  Subspecies raviventris is distinguished by a dark, cinnamon coloured back and lighter underbelly, whereas subspecies halicoetes is known for a lighter coloured back and white underbelly (Kays and Wilson 2009)." 19404,Reithrodontomys chrysopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,chrysopsis,,,,,"Merriam, 1900",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19403,Reithrodontomys burti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,burti,,,,,"Benson, 1939","This is a monotypic species (Sánchez 2014)." 136821,Reithrodontomys bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,bakeri,,,,,"Bradley, Mendez-Harclerode, Hamilton & Ceballos, 2004","Reithrodontomys bakeri was recently described based on genetic data. Morphologically, this form closely resembles Aporodon microdon." 19418,Reithrodontomys tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,tenuirostris,,,,,"Merriam, 1901", 19414,Reithrodontomys paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,paradoxus,,,,,"Jones & Genoways, 1970", 19415,Reithrodontomys rodriguezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,rodriguezi,,,,,"Goodwin, 1943",Needs taxonomic research. 19416,Reithrodontomys spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,spectabilis,,,,,"Jones & Lawlor, 1965", 19409,Reithrodontomys hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,hirsutus,,,,,"Merriam, 1901", 19412,Reithrodontomys microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,microdon,,,,,"Merriam, 1901", 4627,Chibchanomys trichotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chibchanomys,trichotis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)","Further research is needed to determine whether the Peruvian record is the same as thase in the Colombian and Venezuelan populations (V. Pacheco pers. comm.). This species is a synonym with Ichthyomys trichotis (Thomas 1897), Rheomys trichotis (Thomas 1906), Anotomys trichotis (Handley 1976). It is a monotypic species (Voss 2015)." 136775,Chibchanomys orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chibchanomys,orcesi,,,,,"Jenkins & Barnett, 1997","Monotypic species (Voss 2015)." 4604,Chelemys megalonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chelemys,megalonyx,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1845)","Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980) included delfini as a subspecies of C. megalonyx. Teta et al. (2015) considered delfini a form related to Geoxus and Chelemys.

Two subspecies, megalonyx and microtis (Phillippi 1900), are sometimes recognized (e.g., Osgood 1943; see Teta et al. 2015). The form microtis would come from and unknown place in the east of the Maule province. No recent study has assessed the distinction between these two subspecies. After the placement of macronyx in its own genus, Paynomys Teta et al. (2016), megalonyx is the single species of the genus Chelemys." 23044,Volemys musseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Volemys,musseri,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1982)", 23043,Volemys millicens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Volemys,millicens,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",This species is occasionally included in the genus Microtus (Smith and Xie 2008). 136723,Amphinectomys savamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Amphinectomys,savamis,,,,,"Malygin, 1994",Weksler and Valqui (2015) treat this species as monotypic. 15594,Oryzomys dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oryzomys,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1905)", 136540,Oryzomys antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oryzomys,antillarum,,,,,"Thomas, 1898","This is often regarded as a synonym or subspecies of the mainland Oryzomys couesi (Wilson and Reeder 2005). Following Weksler et al. (2006), it is maintained here as a valid species." 15583,Oryzomys nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oryzomys,nelsoni,,,,,"Merriam, 1898",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 11062,Gyldenstolpia fronto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Gyldenstolpia,fronto,,,,,"Winge, 1887","The species was assessed as a composite of three nominal forms (fronto, chacoensis and planaltensis). Kunsia fronto is now Gyldenstolpia fronto, after a study by Pardiñas and Bezerra in 2008 (Pardiñas and Bezerra 2015)." 11061,Kunsia tomentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Kunsia,tomentosus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1830)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16799,Phaenomys ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phaenomys,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)", 20222,Tanyuromys aphrastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tanyuromys,aphrastus,,,,,"Harris, 1932","Previously included in genus Sigmodontomys, this species is now recognized as Tanyuromys aphrastus (Pine et al. 2012, Weksler 2015)." 2017,Arborimus albipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Arborimus,albipes,,,,,"(Merriam, 1901)","There is no consensus on the proper generic allocation for this species. It was placed in the genus Arborimus by Johnson and George (1991), Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder, 1993, 2005), Hayes (1996), Adam and Hayes (1998), and Baker et al. (2003); and included in the genus Phenacomys by Carleton and Musser (1984), Repenning and Grady (1988), and Verts and Carraway (1998). Bellinger et al. (2005) noted that recognition of Arborimus as a distinct genus is subject to interpretation of data." 2018,Arborimus pomo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Arborimus,pomo,,,,,"Johnson & George, 1991","This species is represented by Californian populations previously recognized as Arborimus (or Phenacomys) longicaudus. Recognition as a species distinct from A. longicaudus is based on chromosome differences, smaller overall size, and certain skull and muscle differences (Johnson and George 1991; Blois and Arbogast 2006). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) and Baker et al. (2003) accepted A. pomo as a species distinct from A. longicaudus.

There is no consensus on the proper generic allocation for this species. It was placed in the genus Arborimus by Johnson and George (1991), Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005), Hayes (1996), Adam and Hayes (1998), and Baker et al. (2003); included in the genus Phenacomys by Carleton and Musser (1984), Repenning and Grady (1988), and Verts and Carraway (1998). Bellinger et al. (2005) noted that recognition of Arborimus as a distinct genus is subject to interpretation of data." 42615,Arborimus longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Arborimus,longicaudus,,,,,"(True, 1890)","Johnson and George (1991) separated California populations previously regarded as Arborimus longicaudus and described them as a new species Arborimus pomo, based on chromosome differences, smaller overall size, and certain skull and muscle differences. Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) and Baker et al. (2003) included this new species.

There is no consensus on the proper generic allocation for this species. It was placed in the genus Arborimus by Johnson and George (1991), Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005), Hayes (1996), Adam and Hayes (1998), and Baker et al. (2003); and included in the genus Phenacomys by Carleton and Musser (1984), Repenning and Grady (1988), and Verts and Carraway (1998). Bellinger et al. (2005) noted that recognition of Arborimus as a distinct genus is subject to interpretation of data." 18339,Prometheomys schaposchnikowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Prometheomys,schaposchnikowi,,,,,"Satunin, 1901",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20053,Scotinomys xerampelinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Scotinomys,xerampelinus,,,,,"Bangs, 1902",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20052,Scotinomys teguina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Scotinomys,teguina,,,,,"Alston, 1877",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14706,Nesoryzomys darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nesoryzomys,darwini,,,,,"Osgood, 1929", 14708,Nesoryzomys indefessus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nesoryzomys,indefessus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1899)",This species previously has been considered a synonymous with Nesoryzomys narboroughi (see Musser and Carleton 1993). Recent evidence suggests that the two should be treated as separate species (Dowler et al. 2000). More research is needed to confirm that these are really two different species (M. Weksler pers. comm). 14707,Nesoryzomys fernandinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nesoryzomys,fernandinae,,,,,"Hutterer & Hirsch, 1979", 14709,Nesoryzomys swarthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nesoryzomys,swarthi,,,,,"Orr, 1938", 40765,Nesoryzomys narboroughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nesoryzomys,narboroughi,,,,,"Heller, 1904",Previously this species was considered synonymous with Nesoryzomys indefessus (see Musser and Carleton 1993). Recent evidence suggests that the two should be treated as separate species (Dowler et al. 2000). More research is needed to confirm that these are really two different species (M. Weksler pers. comm). 17831,Podoxymys roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Podoxymys,roraimae,,,,,"Anthony, 1929","This species is monotypic (Pardiñas and Teta 2015)." 136527,Cricetulus tibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,tibetanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1922","The entire genus requires taxonomic revision. Cricetulus tibetanus is often included in C. kamensis (Smith and Xie 2008). R.S. Hoffmann separates the forms kamensis, lama, and tibetanus, following earlier taxonomic work recognizing each as good species. This treatment is followed by the Mammals of China (Smith and Xie 2008). This form is treated as a synonym of C. kamensis by Musser and Carleton (2005)." 136746,Cricetulus lama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,lama,,,,,"Bonhote, 1905","The entire genus requires taxonomic revision. Cricetulus lama is often included in C. kamensis (Smith and Xie 2008). R.S. Hoffmann separates the forms kamensis, lama, and tibetanus, following earlier taxonomic work recognizing each as good species. This treatment is followed by the Mammals of China (Smith and Xie 2008). Cricetulus lama is treated as a synonym of C. kamensis by Musser and Carleton (2005)." 5525,Cricetulus kamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,kamensis,,,,,"(Satunin, 1903)","The entire genus requires taxonomic revision. R.S. Hoffmann separates the forms Cricetulus kamensis, lama, and tibetanus, following earlier taxonomic work recognizing each as good species. This treatment is followed by the Mammals of China (Smith and Xie 2008). The Mammals of China recognizes two subspecies Cricetulus kamensis kamensis (eastern Xizang and southern Qinghai) and C. k. kozlovi (northern Qinghai, northwestern Gansu, and southern Xinjiang) (Smith and Xie 2008). The forms lama and tibetanus are treated as synonyms by Musser and Carleton (2005)." 1564,Anotomys leander,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Anotomys,leander,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","Generic synonym Rheomys. This species is monotypic (Voss 2015)." 48006730,Otomys typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,typus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1877)","Taylor et al. (2011) revised the O. typus complex resulting in this species being split into: O. typus, O. cheesmani, O. simiensis and O. yaldeni in Ethiopia. The taxonomy and phylogeny of Ethiopian Otomys species remains largely unresolved and additional research is necessary (Taylor et al. 2011)." 45068,Otomys uzungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,uzungwensis,,,,,"Lawrence & Loveridge, 1953","This species was included in O. typus but, based on pronounced morphometric divergence, was recognised as distinct by Musser and Carleton (2005) and Carleton and Byrne (2006). The validity of the species was further confirmed in Taylor et al. (2011)." 45067,Otomys lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,lacustris,,,,,"G.M. Allen & Loveridge, 1933","

This species was previously a synonym of Otomys anchietae. It was found to be distinct by Taylor and Kumurai (2001). O. lacustris has a seemingly allopatric distribution with Otomys denti sungae in the Southern Rift and Eastern Arc Mountains (Taylor et al. 2009). Taylor et al. (2009) suspect that O. lacustris represents a species complex and that further genetic sampling may reveal additional taxonomic subdivision. It is expected that O. lacustris should be split into two lineages, with the lineage from the Southern Rift retaining the name O. lacustris, while a new name is designated for the Eastern Arc species (Taylor et al. 2009).

" 45069,Otomys barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,barbouri,,,,,"Lawrence & Loveridge, 1953",This species was removed from the synonymy of Otomys anchitae by Dieterlen and van der Straeten (1992). 15657,Otomys occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,occidentalis,,,,,"Dieterlen & Van der Straeten, 1992","

Its close taxonomic relationship with Otomys burtoni (a second West African species), and weak association to East and northeast African members of the O. typus s.l. and O. tropicalis s.l species complexes suggest a single West African radiation of the species (Taylor et al. 2014). Based on its smaller cranial size, this species can be morphometrically distinguished from all other Otomys species (Taylor et al. 2014). Additional taxonomic assessments are necessary to determine whether the specimens from Nigeria are a different species (R. Hutterer pers. comm.).

" 15660,Otomys tropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,tropicalis,,,,,"Thomas, 1902",This species was previously synonymized with O. irroratus. Current taxonomic research supports the distinctiveness of this species (S. Maree pers. comm.). 45071,Otomys burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,burtoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1918",This species was previously considered a subspecies of Otomys tropicalis. 15653,Otomys denti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,denti,,,,,"Thomas, 1906",This is most likely a species complex. Otomys kempi is possibly distinct from this species based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing data (S. Maree pers. comm.). 15655,Otomys laminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,laminatus,,,,,"Thomas & Schwann, 1905", 45064,Otomys jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,jacksoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1891","Previously noted as a synonym of Otomys typus, but Taylor et al. (2011) consider this a valid species." 15651,Otomys anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,anchietae,,,,,"(Bocage, 1882)","This species previously included the forms lacustris, barbouri and occidentalis." 45063,Otomys dartmouthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,dartmouthi,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","This was included as a synonym of O. typus, but Taylor et al. (2011)  resurrected this species." 21152,Sundamys muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Sundamys,muelleri,,,,,"(Jentink, 1879)",This species needs further taxonomic study (Musser and Newcomb 1983). 21151,Sundamys maxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Sundamys,maxi,,,,,"(Sody, 1932)","Described as a species of Rattus (Sody 1931), later treated as a subspecies of R. infraluteus (Chasen 1940), but shown to be a very distinctive species and member of the suite of endemic Javanese murines (Musser and Newcomb 1983). Still only represented by specimens collected between 1932 and 1935 by Max Bartels Jr. Phylogenetic relationship may be closer to S. muelleri than to S. infraluteus as judged by morphology (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 21150,Sundamys infraluteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Sundamys,infraluteus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)",There is a need to compare specimens from Borneo and Sumatra to determine if these populations represent the same taxon (K. Aplin pers. comm.). 18559,Pseudomys apodemoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,apodemoides,,,,,"Finlayson, 1932",Synonym = P. albocinereus. 18553,Pseudomys occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,occidentalis,,,,,"Tate, 1951",


18555,Pseudomys pilligaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,pilligaensis,,,,,"Fox & Briscoe, 1980","Pseudomys pilligaensis is treated as a separate species following Musser and Carleton (2005), but it might be best considered a population of P. delicatulus that shows evidence of past hybridization with P. novaehollandiae (F. Ford pers. comm.). It is not recognized as a distinct taxon by Ford (2008) or Woinarski et al. (2014), and the recent comprehensive treatment of the taxonomy of Australian mammals (Jackson and Groves 2015) considered it as conspecific with P. delicatulus, although noting that ‘this taxon needs further investigation’." 18549,Pseudomys fieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,fieldi,,,,,"(Waite, 1896)","

No subspecies are recognised for Pseudomys fieldi. The original Shark Bay specimen was described as Pseudomys praeconis, but research demonstrated that P. praeconis should be synonymised with P. fieldi, described from a single Alice Springs specimen (Baynes 1990).

" 18550,Pseudomys fumeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,fumeus,,,,,"Brazenor, 1934", 18551,Pseudomys gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,gouldii,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)", 18552,Pseudomys novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1843)",

No subspecies are recognised for Pseudomys novaehollandiae. Ford (2003) found that the genetic distinctiveness of P. novaehollandiae from P. delicatulus was no greater than that among individuals of P. delicatulus. He suggested that the two may not be separate species and that P. novaehollandiae may be a subspecies of P. delicatulus.

136808,Pseudomys calabyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,calabyi,,,,,"Kitchener & Humphreys, 1987", 18567,Pseudomys higginsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,higginsi,,,,,"(Trouessart, 1897)", 18565,Pseudomys gracilicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,gracilicaudatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)", 18564,Pseudomys glaucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,glaucus,,,,,"Thomas, 1910",No subspecies are recognised. 15975,Papagomys armandvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Papagomys,armandvillei,,,,,"Jentink, 1892","Recently, Papagomys theodorverhoeveni was reported to be still extant on Flores island on the basis of a single museum specimen consisting of a skull and mandibles, collected in 1974 at Ruteng, Manggarai, West Flores and was stored in the collections of the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (Suyanto and Watts 2002). However, based on comparison with extensive zooarchaeological material from Liang Bua, all evidence suggests that that record is not an example of P. theodorverhoeveni, but of P. armandvillei. Therefore, the identification of this specimen is refuted (Zijlstra et al. 2008)." 12702,Malacomys cansdalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Malacomys,cansdalei,,,,,"Ansell, 1958", 22771,Uranomys ruddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uranomys,ruddi,,,,,"Dollman, 1909", 4810,Chrotomys whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chrotomys,whiteheadi,,,,,"Thomas, 1895", 4092,Chrotomys silaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chrotomys,silaceus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)",Included within the genus Chrotomys by Corbet and Hill (1992). 4807,Chrotomys gonzalesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chrotomys,gonzalesi,,,,,"Rickart & Heaney, 1991", 4808,Chrotomys mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chrotomys,mindorensis,,,,,"Kellogg, 1945", 14865,Notomys macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,macrotis,,,,,"Thomas, 1921", 14866,Notomys mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,mordax,,,,,"Thomas, 1922",

No subspecies are recognised. Mahoney (1977) found that the single skull was distinct from other Notomys and that it was likely to be most closely related to Mitchell’s Hopping-mouse N. mitchellii.

14867,Notomys alexis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,alexis,,,,,"Thomas, 1922", 14868,Notomys cervinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,cervinus,,,,,"(Gould, 1853)",

No subspecies are recognised.

14862,Notomys aquilo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,aquilo,,,,,"Thomas, 1921", 14861,Notomys amplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,amplus,,,,,"Brazenor, 1936", 14864,Notomys longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 14863,Notomys fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,fuscus,,,,,"(Jones, 1925)",

No subspecies are recognised for this species.

10312,Hydromys hussoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hydromys,hussoni,,,,,"Musser & Piik, 1982", 112168517,Rhabdomys pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhabdomys,pumilio,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1784)","Initially the single, monotypic species R. pumilio was recognised (Sparrman, 1784). Several subspecies have been proposed based on extensive variation in pelage colour and morphology across the distribution. Within southern Africa, Roberts (1951) proposed 20 subspecies of which Meester et al. (1986) regarded only seven as being valid. Rambau et al. (2003) recommended the recognition of two species based on cytogenetic and mitochondrial sequence data, the xeric R. pumilio and mesic R. dilectus, which was adopted by Musser and Carleton (2005). The authors further suggested the presence of two subspecies, R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae within the latter taxon. This was confirmed in a recent molecular and chromosomal analysis of R. dilectus, which revealed high genetic divergence within the species, and the presence of three distinct clades (Castiglia et al. 2012). The basal clade, recognised as R. d. chakae is endemic to South Africa, while the two distinct sister clades (R. d. dilectus) are distributed allopatrically across northern parts of its range, into East Africa, including a new divergent karyotype found in the high altitudes of Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Castiglia et al. 2012). Reproductive isolation due to pre- and post-mating barriers have been found among R. pumilio and R. dilectus, as well as among the proposed subspecies within the latter taxon (Pillay 2000, Pillay et al. 2006). Subsequently, du Toit et al. (2012) indicated three genetic lineages with distinct distributions related to biome boundaries within the xeric R. pumilio. Based on deep mitochondrial genetic divergence, paraphyly of R. pumilio with respect to R. dilectus and different ecological preferences of the three genetic lineages within R. pumilio, the recognition of four species (R. dilectus, R. pumilio, R. bechuanae, and R. intermedius) was suggested (du Toit et al. 2012). However, Monadjem et al. (2015) recognise R. chakae as a valid species due to at least one case of known sympatry between R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae. Further molecular research (particularly including more nuclear data) and cranial morphometric analyses would be useful to fully resolve the taxonomy of the genus. Until such time, it is recommended that Rhabdomys be treated as a species complex." 9680,Hapalomys longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hapalomys,longicaudatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1859", 9679,Hapalomys delacouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hapalomys,delacouri,,,,,"Thomas, 1927","Chromosome data suggest that populations from southern Viet Nam and north-east Thailand are not conspecific, but further comparison is needed; it is possible that the name pasquieri (type locality Xiangkhouang, north-east Lao PDR) might be available for the latter (Yong et al. 2012, Abramov et al. 2012)." 17879,Abeomelomys sevia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Abeomelomys,sevia,,,,,"(Tate & Archbold, 1935)", 13952,Mus baoulei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,baoulei,,,,,"(Vermeiren & Verheyen, 1980)", 13957,Mus cervicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,cervicolor,,,,,"Hodgson, 1845",This is probably a species complex (K. Aplin pers. comm.). 13960,Mus famulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,famulus,,,,,"Bonhote, 1898","This species belongs to subgenus Coelomys Thomas, 1915. Ellerman (1961) listed three subspecies, namely Mus famulus famulus Bonhote, 1898, Mus famulus cooki (sic) (Ryley, 1914) and Mus famulus popaeus (Thomas, 1919). Mus famulus cooki (sic) (Ryley, 1914) is now considered as a separate species Mus cookii Ryley, 1914, and Mus famulus popaeus (Thomas, 1919) - earlier reported as Leggada nitidula popaea Thomas, 1919, has been proposed to be a subspecies of Mus cervicolor by Corbet and Hill (1992). Thus, presently only Mus famulus Bonhote, 1898 is a valid name from the region." 13955,Mus callewaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,callewaerti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1925)", 13968,Mus mattheyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,mattheyi,,,,,"F. Petter, 1969",Many specimens have been assigned to this species from the work by Petter et al. 1971 where they attributed the 2n = 36 and FN = 36 karyotype to this name. (But difficult to apply any morphological characters to this [E. van der Straeten pers. comm.]). Therefore the range is different to that indicated by Musser and Carleton (2005). 13961,Mus fernandoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,fernandoni,,,,,"(Phillips, 1932)", 13963,Mus haussa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,haussa,,,,,"(Thomas & Hinton, 1920)", 135725,Mus musculoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,musculoides,,,,,"Temminck, 1853",This species forms and unresolved species complex with Mus minutoides in East Africa and Central Africa. 13973,Mus neavei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,neavei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)","Although originally described as a species; Mus neavei was later regarded as a subspecies of M. sorella (Ansell 1978; Meester et al. 1986; Skinner & Smithers 1990). More recently, however, Petter (1981) suggested that M. neavei should be reclassified to species status, as it differs from M. sorella in its fur colour, body size, and its cranial and molar structure. This recommendation was corroborated and accepted by Musser and Carleton (1993) and Bronner et al. (2003). Although, commonly confused with M. indutus (the Desert Pygmy Mouse) and M. minutoides (the Pygmy Mouse), this species can be distinguished by its lower three-rooted second molar and pro-odont incisors (Meester et al. 1986)." 136641,Mus cypriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,cypriacus,,,,,"Cucchi, Orth, Auffray, Renaud, Fabre, Catalan, Hadjisterkotis, Bonhomme & Vigne, 2006","""A new species of the genus Mus has been discovered on the island of Cyprus, namely Mus cypriacus. Molecular phylogeny of complete D-loop sequences, as well as that of a nuclear gene intron (ABP), evidence that this new taxa is not an island variant but deserves a species rank on its own, as a sister species of Mus macedonicus and Mus spicilegus, the two closest mainland relatives. Classical and geometric morphometry provide diagnostic morphological criteria separating Mus cypriacus from European species."" (Cucchi et al. 2006). Genetic and archaeological evidence suggest that the common ancestor of M. cypriacus and M. macedonicus arrived on Cyprus during the Middle Pleistocene by a founder event on natural raft (Cucchi et al. 2006). This species is one of only three surviving endemic mammal species on Mediterranean islands that originate from ancient natural colonization events (Gippoliti and Amori 2006)." 136280,Mus fragilicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,fragilicauda,,,,,"Auffray, Orth, Catalan, Gonzalez, Desmarais & Bonhomme, 2003","This species is highly distinct genetically, but morphologically very similar to M. cervicolor, therefore, this species is probably much more widespread, as some specimens are hidden within M. cervicolor (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 13983,Mus sorella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,sorella,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)", 13978,Mus platythrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,platythrix,,,,,"Bennett, 1832","This species belongs to subgenus Pyromys Thomas, 1911. Ellerman (1961) listed six subspecies, namely Mus platythrix platythrix Bennett, 1832, Mus platythrix sadhu (Wroughton, 1911), Mus platythrix ramnadensis (Bentham, 1908), Mus platythrix bahadur (Wroughton and Ryley, 1913), Mus platythrix gurkha (Thomas, 1914), and Mus platythrix shortridgei (Thomas, 1914). However, Marshall (1977) has rearranged Mus platythrix complex under three species namely Mus platythrix Bennett, 1832, Mus saxicola Elliot, 1839 and Mus shortridgei (Thomas, 1914). The last species does not occur in South Asia. One population of Mus platytheix with chromosomal variation from Araku, Andhra Pradesh and Pune, Maharashtra (Agrawal 2000)" 13980,Mus setulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,setulosus,,,,,"Peters, 1876", 10633,Hyomys goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hyomys,goliath,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1900)", 12357,Lophuromys woosnami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,woosnami,,,,,"Thomas, 1906",Possible taxonomic changes due to DNA studies 12354,Lophuromys luteogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,luteogaster,,,,,"Hatt, 1934", 47990318,Lophuromys flavopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,flavopunctatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1888",F. Dieterlen and L. Lavrenchenko disagree with Happold and consider the presence of this species as valid in Ethiopia. 45058,Lophuromys brevicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,brevicaudus,,,,,"Osgood, 1936",This species forms part of the Lophuromys flavopunctatus species complex. Recent taxonomic splits have described at least nine representatives of this group endemic to Ethiopia. 45059,Lophuromys huttereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,huttereri,,,,,"Verheyen, Colyn & Hulselmans, 1996", 45055,Lophuromys roseveari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,roseveari,,,,,"Verheyen, Huselmans, Colyn & Hutterer, 1997", 12351,Lophuromys melanonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,melanonyx,,,,,"F. Petter, 1972", 12352,Lophuromys rahmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,rahmi,,,,,"Verheyen, 1964", 12350,Lophuromys medicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,medicaudatus,,,,,"Dieterlen, 1975", 136619,Lophuromys eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,eisentrauti,,,,,"Dieterlen, 1978", 13124,Paramelomys levipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,levipes,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)","This species was formerly included in the genus Melomys. There is a levipes-like species on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, which needs to be examined (Flannery 1995)." 136718,Paramelomys steini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,steini,,,,,"Rümmler, 1935",This species was formerly included in the genus Melomys. It was also previously considered to be a synonym of Paramelomys rubex. 136701,Paramelomys gressitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,gressitti,,,,,"Menzies, 1996", 136324,Paramelomys naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,naso,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",This species was formerly considered to be a synonym of Paramelomys lorentzii. 13127,Paramelomys moncktoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,moncktoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)",This species was formerly included in the genus Melomys. 13126,Paramelomys mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,mollis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)",This species was formerly included in the genus Melomys. 21972,Tokudaia muenninki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tokudaia,muenninki,,,,,"(Johnson, 1946)", 21973,Tokudaia osimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tokudaia,osimensis,,,,,"(Abe, 1934)","The population from Tokunoshima originally attributed to this species, was recently elevated to species status as Tokudaia tokunoshimensis by Endo and Tsuchiya (2006)." 136695,Tokudaia tokunoshimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tokudaia,tokunoshimensis,,,,,"Endo & Tsuchiya, 2006", 20688,Srilankamys ohiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Srilankamys,ohiensis,,,,,"(Phillips, 1929)",Ohiya rat is the sole member of the genus Srilankamys. Srilankamys is currently classified in the Dacnomys division of the tribe Rattini (Musser and Carleton 2005). 10311,Baiyankamys habbema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Baiyankamys,habbema,,,,,"(Tate & Archbold, 1941)","This species was in the genus, Hydromys; transferred to Baiyankamys by Helgen (2005)." 14660,Nesokia bunnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Nesokia,bunnii,,,,,"(Khajuria, 1981)","Based on morphological evidence, Nesokia is synonymized with Erythronesokia (Kryštufek et al. 2017). Nesokia, Bandicota and the Ryukyu island endemic Diplothrix Thomas, 1916b, form a lineage of phylogenetically closely related albeit morphologically diverse species which hold a sister position against Rattus Fischer, 1803 (Kryštufek et al. 2017)." 1140,Ammodillus imbellis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Ammodillus,imbellis,,,,,"(de Winton, 1898)", 9618,Hadromys humei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hadromys,humei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1886)", 136417,Hadromys yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hadromys,yunnanensis,,,,,"Yang & Wang, 1987","Formerly included in Hadromys humei, it is now considered a distinct species (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 14528,Pseudohydromys fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,fuscus,,,,,"(Laurie, 1952)","This species has been included in the genus Neohydromys by some authors (e.g., Flannery 1995)." 48019838,Pseudohydromys ellermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,ellermani,,,,,"(Laurie & Hill, 1954)", 136523,Pseudohydromys germani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,germani,,,,,"(Helgen, 2005)",This species was previously considered to be part of Mayermys ellermani. Both species have now been transferred to the genus Pseudohydromys. 136342,Tonkinomys daovantieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tonkinomys,daovantieni,,,,,"Musser, Lunde & Son, 2006", 136806,Saxatilomys paulinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Saxatilomys,paulinae,,,,,"Musser, Smith, Robinson & Lunde, 2005", 15865,Pachyuromys duprasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pachyuromys,duprasi,,,,,"Lataste, 1880", 9759,Heimyscus fumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Heimyscus,fumosus,,,,,"(Brosset, DuBost & Heim de Balsac, 1965)","Comments from Musser and Carleton (2005): ""Now thought to be a good species but originally described as a species of Hylomyscus, but differs significantly from any species in that genus in morphological and chromosomal traits (Misonne 1969; Robbins et al. 1980), ecology (Duplantier, 1989), and complete mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al. 2002b). Chevret et al. (1994), however, suggested that the degree of nucleotide substitutions indicated fumosus could remain in Hylomyscus under subgenus Heimyscus.""" 15165,Oenomys ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Oenomys,ornatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1911", 21514,Tatera indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tatera,indica,,,,,"(Hardwicke, 1807)", 21703,Thamnomys kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Thamnomys,kempi,,,,,"Dollman, 1911",We follow Happold (in press) in including Thamnomys major within T. kempi. 21702,Thamnomys venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Thamnomys,venustus,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 4682,Chiropodomys major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiropodomys,major,,,,,"Thomas, 1893", 136747,Niviventer fraternus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,fraternus,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","Originally described as Epimys fraternus, but subsequently treated as a subspecies of Rattus rapit (Chasen 1940), R. orbus (Ellerman 1941), or Niviventer rapit ( = Chasen’s R. rapit; Musser 1970; Corbet and Hill 1992); the latter authorities also included the Bornean rapit and Malay Peninsula cameroni as subspecies (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 14824,Niviventer niviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,niviventer,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 14816,Niviventer cremoriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,cremoriventer,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)","This may be a species complex (K. Aplin, G. Musser and D. Lunde pers. comm.)." 14815,Niviventer coninga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,coninga,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1864)",This species is sometimes inappropriately referred to as coxingi. 14823,Niviventer lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,lepturus,,,,,"(Jentink, 1879)", 14813,Niviventer brahma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,brahma,,,,,"(Thomas, 1914)", 14812,Niviventer andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,andersoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)","Specimens reported as Niviventer andersoni or N. coxingi andersoni from Taiwan, southeast China, or any other locality well outside of the geographic range described in this account are not N. andersoni (Smith and Xie 2008). On Taiwan they probably represent the large-bodied N. coninga; elsewhere they likely represent N. tenaster or large-bodied N. fulvescens, or an undescribed species misidentified as N. andersoni (Musser and Lunde, ms). Wang (2003) lists Niviventer andersoni lushuiensis Wu and Wang, subsp. nov., 2002; but this has yet to be published with a diagnosis and identification of the holotype (Smith and Xie 2008)." 14819,Niviventer excelsior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,excelsior,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)", 14818,Niviventer eha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,eha,,,,,"(Wroughton, 1916)", 14817,Niviventer culturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,culturatus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1917)",This species was formerly included in Niviventer confucianus and as a subspecies of N. niviventer (Musser and Carleton 2005). 14826,Niviventer tenaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,tenaster,,,,,"Thomas, 1916","Originally described as a species, tenaster was later arranged as a subspecies of N. cremoriventer (Ellerman 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951) until the type specimens were shown to represent a separate species (Musser 1973, 1981)." 5500,Crateromys schadenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crateromys,schadenbergi,,,,,"(Meyer, 1895)","Crateromys schadenbergi is an ecological and morphological equivalent of large-bodied tropical tree squirrels (Sciuridae), which do not occur in the Greater Luzon Faunal Region (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 5499,Crateromys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crateromys,australis,,,,,"Musser, Heaney & Rabor, 1985", 5502,Crateromys heaneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crateromys,heaneyi,,,,,"Gonzales & Kennedy, 1996", 16506,Pelomys hopkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pelomys,hopkinsi,,,,,"Hayman, 1955", 16507,Pelomys isseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pelomys,isseli,,,,,"(de Beaux, 1924)", 5414,Coryphomys buehleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Coryphomys,buehleri,,,,,"Schaub, 1937","Coryphomys buehleri is one of four species, each in its own genus, of giant rats (three have yet to be named and described) endemic to Timor; all are known only by subfossils (Glover 1986) and may be related to the New Guinea Old Endemics placed in the Pogonomys Group (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 14096,Myomyscus yemeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Myomyscus,yemeni,,,,,"(Sanborn & Hoogstraal, 1953)", 21527,Taterillus petteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,petteri,,,,,"Gautun, Tranier & Sicard, 1985", 21528,Taterillus pygargus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,pygargus,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1838)", 21526,Taterillus lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,lacustris,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1907)", 45077,Taterillus tranieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,tranieri,,,,,"Dobigny, Granjon, Aniskin, Ba & Volobouev, 2003", 21522,Taterillus congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,congicus,,,,,"Thomas, 1915", 5514,Cremnomys elvira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Cremnomys,elvira,,,,,"(Ellerman, 1946)", 18120,Praomys rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,rostratus,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)", 41210,Praomys degraaffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,degraaffi,,,,,"Van der Straeten & Kerbis Peterhans, 1999","

Molecular analyses support P. degraaffi, P. mutoni and P. minor as distinct species within the P. jacksoni complex (Mizerovská et al. 2019). They appear well characterised by ecology and morphology and there is little doubt that they correspond to distinct biological entities (Kennis et al. 2011).

" 18119,Praomys mutoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,mutoni,,,,,"Van der Straeten & Dudu, 1990", 18117,Praomys misonnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,misonnei,,,,,"Van der Straeten & Dieterlen, 1987", 18116,Praomys minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,minor,,,,,"Hatt, 1934", 18114,Praomys delectorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,delectorum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)",Taxonomy needs revision. 45072,Praomys petteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,petteri,,,,,"Van der Straeten, Lecompte & Denys, 2003", 45090,Praomys verschureni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,verschureni,,,,,"(Verheyen & Van der Straeten, 1977)",Was Malacomys verschureni. Transferred to Praomys but this might want recognition as a new genus (E. Van der Straeten pers. comm). 45089,Praomys lukolelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,lukolelae,,,,,"(Hatt, 1934)","This species is possibly not a Malacomys, and it appears to be closer to Praomys. It is possible that this taxon may represent a new genus." 16121,Paraleptomys rufilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paraleptomys,rufilatus,,,,,"Osgood, 1945", 136719,Melomys frigicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,frigicola,,,,,"Tate, 1951","Further study is needed on the taxonomic status of this species, especially its relationship with Melomys lutillus. According to Musser and Carleton (2005) these two species are closely related, and M. frigicola was formerly considered a subspecies of M. lutillus, but was elevated to full species status by Menzies (1996)." 13115,Melomys bougainville,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,bougainville,,,,,"Troughton, 1936",Melomys bougainville was previously considered to be a subspecies of M. rufescens. There is still some doubt as to whether or not it is distinct from M. rufescens. 13117,Melomys capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,capensis,,,,,"Tate, 1951", 13118,Melomys cervinipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,cervinipes,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)",This species may represent a species complex. 13120,Melomys fraterculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,fraterculus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1920)","This species is still known only by the type series (Helgen 2003). Originally it was described as a species of Uromys, then placed in Pogonomelomys by Rümmler (1938), kept there by Tate (1951), but returned to Melomys by Laurie and Hill (1954). Melomys fraterculus shares many derived cranial features with the Australian M. cervinipes complex and may be more closely related to the indigenous Australian Melomys than to those on New Guinea (Musser and Carleton 2005). Menzies (1990), however, wrote that ""Without more material and additional study it is difficult to say more about it. For the present it is best left in Melomys,"" and for Flannery (1995) ""It may ultimately be necessary to create a new genus for it."" Helgen (2003) promised a review in a forthcoming report." 136431,Melomys arcium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,arcium,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)", 136604,Melomys bannisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,bannisteri,,,,,"Kitchener & Maryanto, 1993","Flannery (1995) states that in view of the confused state of the Melomy lutillus group, it is difficult to assess the validity of this taxon. Musser and Carleton (2005) provisionally treat M. bannisteri as distinct noting that the Kai Islands are in deep water and are not part of the continental shelf connecting Australia and New Guinea." 13123,Melomys leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,leucogaster,,,,,"(Jentink, 1908)","Includes M. caurinus, M. fulgens, M. talaudium." 13128,Melomys obiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,obiensis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)", 136522,Melomys matambuai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,matambuai,,,,,"Flannery, Colgan & Trimble, 1994", 136818,Melomys dollmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,dollmani,,,,,"Rümmler, 1935","This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Melomys rufescens, but is now considered to be distinct (Musser and Carleton 2005). It has often been listed as M. gracilis (e.g., Musser and Carleton 1993; Flannery 1995)." 136642,Sommeromys macrorhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Sommeromys,macrorhinos,,,,,"Musser & Durden, 2002", 1894,Apodemus gurkha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,gurkha,,,,,"Thomas, 1924", 1903,Apodemus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,speciosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1844)", 1902,Apodemus semotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,semotus,,,,,"Thomas, 1908",This species is sometimes considered a subspecies of A. draco (Smith and Xie 2008). 1901,Apodemus rusiges,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,rusiges,,,,,"Miller, 1913", 12865,Mastomys coucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,coucha,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)","A good review of the systematics of Mastomys is provided by Granjon et al. (1997). Mastomys spp. are cryptic and difficult to distinguish morphologically but clearly separable by molecular and chromosomal markers (Britton-Davidian et al. 1995; Lecompte et al. 2005). For example, within the assessment region, M. coucha and M. natalensis can be distinguished only through chromosome number (in M. coucha 2n = 36; in M. natalensis 2n = 32) and molecular markers (Colangelo et al. 2013) but not on cranio-dental features, nor a multivariate analysis (Dippenaar et al. 1993)." 12869,Mastomys shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,shortridgei,,,,,"(St. Leger, 1933)", 45060,Mastomys awashensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,awashensis,,,,,"Lavrenchenko, Likhnova & Baskevich, 1998", 45092,Mastomys kollmannspergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,kollmannspergeri,,,,,"(Petter, 1957)","Mastomys verheyeni was treated as a junior synonym of M. kollmannspergeri by Musser & Carleton (2005), a classification confirmed by recent molecular and cytogenetic analyses (Dobigny et al. 2008)." 12863,Mastomys pernanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,pernanus,,,,,"(Kershaw, 1921)","This species clearly does not fit in Mastomys, but there is no decision yet on where it is best placed (see Musser & Carleton account in Wilson and Reeder 2005 for discussion on this)." 45061,Mastomys huberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,huberti,,,,,"(Wroughton, 1909)",A split from M. natalensis. 21520,Gerbilliscus validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,validus,,,,,"(Bocage, 1890)","Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) under Gerbilliscus validus (Bocage, 1890)." 21518,Gerbilliscus phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,phillipsi,,,,,"(de Winton, 1898)","Includes type locality of T. musculus. Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) under Gerbilliscus phillipsi (de Winton, 1898)" 21517,Gerbilliscus nigricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,nigricaudus,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)","Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) under Gerbilliscus nigricaudus (Peters, 1878)" 21515,Gerbilliscus kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,kempi,,,,,, 21512,Gerbilliscus guineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,guineae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)","Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) under Gerbilliscus guineae Thomas, 1910" 45076,Gerbilliscus gambiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,gambiana,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)","Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) as a synonym of Gerbilliscus kempi Wroughton, 1906. We follow Happold (in press) in recognizing G. gambiana as distinct from G. kempi." 21509,Gerbilliscus afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,afra,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","

Although previously classified as Tatera afra (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), this species was recently recognised by Musser and Carleton (2005) as Gerbilliscus afra (Gray 1830). Aside from Gerbilliscus paeba (readily distinguished from G. afra by its smaller size, relatively long tail and hairy soles on its hindfeet), this is the only Gerbilliscus species present within its range (Monadjem et al. 2015), and no subspecies have been recognised (Dempster 2013).

" 2769,Berylmys mackenziei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Berylmys,mackenziei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1916)","The single specimen from Sichuan is larger and darker than typical examples of the species, with more specimens needed to determine if it represents a separate species (Smith and Xie 2008). This may be a complex of several species, and further taxonomic studies are needed to resolve this." 2770,Berylmys manipulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Berylmys,manipulus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1916)", 21333,Taeromys taerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taeromys,taerae,,,,,"(Sody, 1932)","Taeromys taerae is the north east peninsular highland and morphological relative of T. hamatus, which is found only in mountains of central Sulawesi (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 21329,Taeromys callitrichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taeromys,callitrichus,,,,,"(Jentink, 1878)", 21330,Taeromys celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taeromys,celebensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)", 21331,Taeromys hamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taeromys,hamatus,,,,,"(Miller & Hollister, 1921)", 21332,Taeromys punicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taeromys,punicans,,,,,"(Miller & Hollister, 1921)", 21328,Taeromys arcuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taeromys,arcuatus,,,,,"(Tate & Archbold, 1935)",Generic synonym = Rattus. 136654,Taeromys microbullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taeromys,microbullatus,,,,,"(Tate & Archbold, 1935)", 20740,Stenocephalemys albocaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Stenocephalemys,albocaudata,,,,,"Frick, 1914",Should perhaps be included in Praomys. 45093,Stenocephalemys albipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Stenocephalemys,albipes,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1842)",Was Myomys albipes. Transferred to Stenocephalemys. 13079,Melasmothrix naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melasmothrix,naso,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921", 136286,Limnomys bryophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Limnomys,bryophilus,,,,,"Rickart, Heaney & Tabaranza Jr., 2003", 11980,Limnomys sibuanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Limnomys,sibuanus,,,,,"Mearns, 1905",Generic synonym = Rattus. Specific synonym = mearnsi. 18563,Mastacomys fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastacomys,fuscus,,,,,"Thomas, 1882", 6622,Diomys crumpi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Diomys,crumpi,,,,,"Thomas, 1917", 23137,Xenuromys barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Xenuromys,barbatus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1900)", 20336,Solomys sapientis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Solomys,sapientis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)", 20335,Solomys salebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Solomys,salebrosus,,,,,"Troughton, 1936", 20334,Solomys salamonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Solomys,salamonis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1883)",Synonym = Uromys salamonis. 10954,Kadarsanomys sodyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Kadarsanomys,sodyi,,,,,"(Bartels, 1937)", 11693,Leptomys signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leptomys,signatus,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1938", 11692,Leptomys ernstmayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leptomys,ernstmayri,,,,,"Rümmler, 1932","Two populations (one from southeastern Papua New Guinea and another from the Arfak range) have been attributed to this species, but these may represent undescribed species." 22844,Vandeleuria nolthenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Vandeleuria,nolthenii,,,,,"Phillips, 1929","Ellerman (1961) and, Agrawal and Chakraborty (1980) included this form under Vandeleuria oleracea (Bennett, 1832). Corbet and Hill (1992) quoting Musser (1979) treated it as a species by itself separate from Vandeluria oleracea (Bennett, 1832), a trend also accepted by Musser and Carleton (1993) by virtue of its distinct montane distribution, pelage colouration, external and cranial traits." 22845,Vandeleuria oleracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Vandeleuria,oleracea,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)",Vandeleuria oleracea represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 136763,Pogonomys fergussoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomys,fergussoniensis,,,,,"Laurie, 1952",Pogonomys fergussoniensis was previously considered to be a subspecies of Pogonomys loriae. 40766,Nilopegamys plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Nilopegamys,plumbeus,,,,,"Osgood, 1928","This species was long considered to be a synonym of Colomys goslingi Thomas and Wroughton, 1907. It was resurrected by Kerbis Peterhans and Patterson (1995)." 1911,Apomys hylocetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,hylocetes,,,,,"Mearns, 1905",Synonym = A. petraeus? 1910,Apomys datae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,datae,,,,,"(Meyer, 1899)",This almost certainly represents a species complex and taxonomic revision is underway (L. Heaney pers. comm.). 1915,Apomys musculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,musculus,,,,,"Miller, 1911","The taxonomic status of the species needs revision, as there is significant geographic variation (L. Heaney pers. comm.)." 1916,Apomys sacobianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,sacobianus,,,,,"Johnson, 1962",Information and specimens previously referred to this species (Heaney et al. 1998) probably relate to members of the Apomys datae group. The species has since been redescribed (Heaney et al. 2014). 42643,Apomys abrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,abrae,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1952)","The genus Apomys was reviewed by Musser (1982), with modifications by Musser and Heaney (1992). The species has since been reviewed and remains as a distinct species (Heaney et al. 2011)." 1914,Apomys microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,microdon,,,,,"Hollister, 1913","Corbet and Hill (1992) stated that the name Apomys hollisteri should be used for this species, but Musser and Carleton (1993) continued usage of A. microdon. The taxonomic status needs revision (L. Heaney, D. Balete, and P. Alviola pers. comm.)." 136362,Apomys camiguinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,camiguinensis,,,,,"Heaney & Tabaranza Jr., 2006", 13122,Mammelomys lanosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mammelomys,lanosus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1922)",Previously included in the genus Melomys. 13173,Meriones zarudnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,zarudnyi,,,,,"Heptner, 1937", 13166,Meriones persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,persicus,,,,,"(Blanford, 1875)", 13161,Meriones crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,crassus,,,,,"Sundevall, 1842", 13162,Meriones dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,dahli,,,,,"Shidlovsky, 1962","According to Nanova 2014, the species rank of Meriones dahli requires verification with genetic data." 13160,Meriones chengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,chengi,,,,,"Wang, 1964", 11520,Leopoldamys sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leopoldamys,sabanus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1887)",Leopoldamys sabanus represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. (Musser and Carleton 2005). 11519,Leopoldamys neilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leopoldamys,neilli,,,,,"(J.T. Marshall Jr., 1976)",The relationship of Leopoldamys neilli to other Leopoldamys spp. requires resolution (Musser and Carleton 2005). 136418,Leopoldamys milleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leopoldamys,milleti,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1922)",This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Leopoldamys edwardsi (Musser and Carleton 2005). Balakirev et al. (2013) confirmed L. milleti as a distinct species. 11521,Leopoldamys siporanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leopoldamys,siporanus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)", 136691,Leopoldamys ciliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leopoldamys,ciliatus,,,,,"(Bonhote, 1900)",The taxonomic status of populations in the two geographic areas needs to be assessed. This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Leopoldamys edwardsi (Musser and Carleton 2005). 116989865,Hybomys badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hybomys,badius,,,,,"Osgood, 1936",This concept of Hybomys badius follows Denys et al. (2014) in considering H. eisentrauti as a valid separate species. 10281,Hybomys planifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hybomys,planifrons,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)", 11498,Lenomys meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lenomys,meyeri,,,,,"(Jentink, 1879)","Represented by a small extant series from the northern peninsula and central core, and by both modern specimens and subfossils from the south western peninsula of Sulawesi (Musser 1970, 1984)." 21693,Thallomys shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Thallomys,shortridgei,,,,,"Thomas & Hinton, 1923","The taxonomic status of this poorly known species requires further molecular examination and morphometric analysis of specimens (Monadjem et al. 2015). It has previously been included within Thallomys paedulcus and T. nigricauda (Ellerman et al. 1953). While it is currently recognised as a distinct species (Bronner et al. 2003, Musser and Carleton 2005, Skinner and Chimimba 2005), its relationship with other species of this genus has not been fully resolved (Monadjem et al. 2015). It can be distinguished from T. nigricauda by its smaller bullae and indistinct black facial mask (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 3323,Bullimus luzonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bullimus,luzonicus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)",There is a lot of geographic variation is present and probably represents a complex as it occurs continuously from lowland areas up into high elevations. A taxonomic review is needed (L. Heaney pers. comm.). 3322,Bullimus bagobus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bullimus,bagobus,,,,,"Mearns, 1905",Generic synonym = Rattus. 136264,Bullimus gamay,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bullimus,gamay,,,,,"Rickart, Heaney & Tabaranza Jr., 2002", 6268,Dasymys foxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Dasymys,foxi,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",Formerly included in D. incomtus but elevated to a full species by Carleton & Martinez (1991). 6271,Dasymys nudipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Dasymys,nudipes,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 9450,Grammomys aridulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,aridulus,,,,,"Thomas & Hinton, 1923",Generic synonym = Thamnomys. 9451,Grammomys buntingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,buntingi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)", 9455,Grammomys dryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,dryas,,,,,"(Thomas, 1907)", 19712,Rhynchomys isarogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhynchomys,isarogensis,,,,,"Musser & Freeman, 1981", 19713,Rhynchomys soricoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhynchomys,soricoides,,,,,"Thomas, 1895", 11486,Lemniscomys mittendorfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,mittendorfi,,,,,"Eisentraut, 1968", 11491,Lemniscomys linulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,linulus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)", 11488,Lemniscomys bellieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,bellieri,,,,,"Van der Straeten, 1975", 22431,Tryphomys adustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tryphomys,adustus,,,,,"Miller, 1910",. 19338,Rattus koopmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,koopmani,,,,,"Musser & Holden, 1991","Represented only by the holotype. In many characters, R. koopmani resembles the Sulawesian R. hoffmanni and bears the same degree of relationship to that species as the Peleng R. pelurus does to mainland R. xanthurus. More specimens are needed to assess morphological variation and better estimate phylogenetic affinity (Musser and Holden 1991). Occurs with R. pelurus, a member of the R. xanthurus group. No other species of Rattus have been found on Pulau Peleng, but past biological surveys have been limited (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 19337,Rattus jobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,jobiensis,,,,,"Rümmler, 1935", 136632,Rattus pococki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,pococki,,,,,"(Ellerman, 1941)",This species is often considered to be part of Rattus niobe. It was recognized provisionally as a distinct species by Musser and Carleton (2005) pending further study of the R. niobe complex. 20759,Rattus richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,richardsoni,,,,,"Tate, 1949",Generic synonym = Rattus. 19339,Rattus korinchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,korinchi,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)", 19344,Rattus macleari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,macleari,,,,,"(Thomas, 1887)", 19331,Rattus feliceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,feliceus,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",Synonym = R. ruber. 19335,Rattus hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,hoffmanni,,,,,"(Matschie, 1901)",Synonym = R. tatei. 19354,Rattus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,novaeguineae,,,,,"Taylor & Calaby, 1982","What is currently called, Rattus novaeguineae, might contain more than one species." 19355,Rattus osgoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,osgoodi,,,,,"Musser & Newcomb, 1985",This species is closely related to Rattus losea (K. Aplin pers. comm.). 19345,Rattus marmosurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,marmosurus,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","Although marmosurus has been listed as a subspecies of R. xanthurus (Ellerman 1941, Laurie and Hill 1954), most researchers besides Thomas have recognized its specific uniqueness (Misonne 1969, Musser 1971, Musser 1984, Musser and Holden 1991, Sody 1941, Tate 1936). Furthermore, the two are sympatric in north east Sulawesi (Musser 1971)." 136785,Rattus omichlodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,omichlodes,,,,,"(Misonne, 1979)","Rattus omichlodes has been considered previously as a synonym of R. richardsoni and R. niobe, and has been confused with R. arrogans (a member of the R. niobe complex) with which it may be synonymous. We follow Musser and Carleton (2005) who provisionally treat R. omichlodes as a distinct species pending further taxonomic study of Rattus niobe and its relatives." 19346,Rattus mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,mindorensis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)",Phylogenetically distant from other species of Rattus endemic to the Philippines (Musser and Heaney 1992). 19347,Rattus mollicomulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,mollicomulus,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1935", 19348,Rattus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,montanus,,,,,"Phillips, 1932","Ellerman (1961) included this species under subgenus Rattus Fischer, 1803. Corbet and Hill (1992) remark that “it has been suggested that this name might be based upon a ‘sample of extremely large Rattus rattus kelaarti males’ (McKay, 1984) but the teeth are very distinctive and preclude that possibility, a conclusion supported by Musser (1986)”. Phillips (1980) gives a detailed account of this species." 19349,Rattus mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,mordax,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)",Populations in the highlands might represent a distinct species (T. Leary pers. comm.). 19350,Rattus morotaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,morotaiensis,,,,,"Kellogg, 1945", 19351,Rattus nativitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,nativitatis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1889)", 19323,Rattus baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,baluensis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)",This species is closely related to Rattus tiomanicus (Musser 1986). 19321,Rattus annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,annandalei,,,,,"Bonhote, 1903", 19327,Rattus elaphinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,elaphinus,,,,,"Sody, 1941", 19325,Rattus burrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,burrus,,,,,"(Miller, 1902)","Ellerman (1961) treated this species along with Rattus burrulus (Miller, 1902) and Rattus burrescens (Miller, 1902) as conspecific. Corbet and Hill (1992) synonymized all the three species under Rattus tiomanicus (Miller, 1900) with doubtful status, and further commented that the ""inclusion of the forms on the Andaman Islands is tentative, although the three forms described from there, burrus, burrulus and burrescens, are very similar to each other and probably conspecific"". Agrawal (2000) remarks this being close to Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) and also mentions that the recent study by Musser and Heaney (1985) shows its affinity to Rattus tiomanicus (Miller, 1900)." 19326,Rattus colletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,colletti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 19320,Rattus adustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,adustus,,,,,"Sody, 1940","Still known only by the holotype. Although Sody (1940) described adustus as a species, he later listed it as a subspecies of R. rattus in a section also containing lugens and mentawai, populations endemic to the Mentawai islands (Sody 1941). In morphology and geographic proximity, R. adustus is related to R. lugens, the two are allies of R. simalurensis from the Simalur Archipelago, and all three share close kinship with Sundaic R. tiomanicus (Musser and Heaney 1985). Rattus adustus, R. enganus, and R. tiomanicus are the only native Rattus (and the sole native murines) on Pulau Enggano (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 19318,Rattus giluwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,giluwensis,,,,,"Hill, 1960", 136730,Rattus arrogans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,arrogans,,,,,"Thomas, 1922",This species is often considered to be a subspecies of Rattus niobe. It was recognized provisionally as a distinct species by Musser and Carleton (2005) pending further study of the R. niobe complex. 19368,Rattus tiomanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,tiomanicus,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)","Formerly known as Rattus jalorensis, this species is closely related to Rattus baluensis (Musser 1986)." 19367,Rattus timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,timorensis,,,,,"Kitchener, Aplin & Boeadi, 1991","Some of the large series of subfossil fragments collected in east Timor by Glover (1986) may be this species. Phylogenetic affinities unclear (Kitchener et al. 1991). Albumin immunological analysis suggests a close phyletic affinity with Bunomys chrysocomus from Sulawesi and Komodomys rintjanus from Nusa Tenggara (Watts and Baverstock 1994); the close alliance between rintjanus and timorensis, and their great phylogenetic distance from Rattus, is supported by a recent unpublished allozyme electrophoresis study (K. Aplin in litt.. 2004). Recently K. Helgen (in litt.. 2003) collected an extant specimen from a forest fragment on Timor that is not R. timorensis, but an undescribed species that is also represented by large series in Glover’s subfossil collections." 19364,Rattus steini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,steini,,,,,"Rümmler, 1935",Synonym = R. leucopus. 136580,Rattus blangorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,blangorum,,,,,"Miller, 1942","Still represented only by the holotype and another specimen. Originally described as a species (Miller, 1942), but later included in R. tiomanicus (Musser and Califia 1982, Corbet and Hill 1992, Musser and Carleton 1993). Recent multivariate analyses employing morphometric traits of Sundaic samples of the R. tiomanicus complex indicate blangorum to be distinct from all other insular samples in that assemblage (Musser and Carleton 2005). The taxonomic validity of this species is in question (D. Lunde and K. Aplin pers. comm.)." 136700,Rattus salocco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,salocco,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1935", 22805,Uromys porculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,porculus,,,,,"Thomas, 1904",Generic synonym = Melomys. 22806,Uromys rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,rex,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)", 22801,Uromys caudimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,caudimaculatus,,,,,"(Krefft, 1867)",The taxonomic status of a number of populations needs to be re-evaluated. 22802,Uromys hadrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,hadrourus,,,,,"(Winter, 1984)", 22803,Uromys imperator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,imperator,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)", 22804,Uromys neobritannicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,neobritannicus,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1935", 22800,Uromys anak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,anak,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 136470,Uromys emmae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,emmae,,,,,"Groves & Flannery, 1994", 20757,Nesoromys ceramicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Nesoromys,ceramicus,,,,,"Thomas, 1920",Nesoromys ceramicus has been included in the genus Stenomys by some authors (Flannery 1995). 4691,Chiruromys forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiruromys,forbesi,,,,,"Thomas, 1888","The taxonomic relationship between Chiruromys forbesi and Pogonomys fergussoniensis needs to be resolved. The population from Sudest Island is being described by G. Musser as a new species, which will need to be assessed in due course." 4692,Chiruromys lamia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiruromys,lamia,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)", 4693,Chiruromys vates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiruromys,vates,,,,,"(Thomas, 1908)", 5706,Crunomys melanius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crunomys,melanius,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 5704,Crunomys celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crunomys,celebensis,,,,,"Musser, 1982", 13212,Mesembriomys macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mesembriomys,macrurus,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 13211,Mesembriomys gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mesembriomys,gouldii,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)", 22933,Vernaya fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Vernaya,fulva,,,,,"(G.M. Allen, 1927)", 17877,Pogonomelomys bruijnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomelomys,bruijnii,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1876)","This species often listed as Pogonomelomys bruijni (e.g., Flannery 1995a, b; Musser and Carleton 2005), but the correct spelling from Peters and Doria (1876) is bruijnii." 136660,Pogonomelomys brassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomelomys,brassi,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1941","This species is considered to be a subspecies of Pogonomelomys bruijnii by Musser and Carleton (2005), but it appears to be distinct morphologically to the extent that it should be treated as a separate species pending further taxonomic work (Helgen 2007)." 17878,Pogonomelomys mayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomelomys,mayeri,,,,,"(Rothschild & Dollman, 1932)",Generic synonym = Melomys. 2643,Batomys salomonseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Batomys,salomonseni,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1953)","Originally described as the only species in Mindanaomys (Sanborn 1953), but that genus is considered inseparable from Batomys (Misonne 1969; Musser and Heaney 1992; Musser et al. 1998)." 136394,Batomys russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Batomys,russatus,,,,,"Musser, Heaney & Tabaranza Jr., 1998", 9631,Haeromys minahassae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Haeromys,minahassae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)", 9632,Haeromys pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Haeromys,pusillus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)", 29459,Soricomys musseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Soricomys,musseri,,,,,"(Rickart, Heaney, Tabaranza Jr. & Balete, 1998)", 136618,Soricomys kalinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Soricomys,kalinga,,,,,"(Balete, Rickart & Heaney, 2006)","This is a newly described species from the Kalinga province in northern Luzon Island, Philippines (Balete et al. 2006)." 2045,Archboldomys luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Archboldomys,luzonensis,,,,,"Musser, 1982", 5223,Conilurus albipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Conilurus,albipes,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1829)", 5224,Conilurus penicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Conilurus,penicillatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1842)", 13332,Microdillus peeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Microdillus,peeli,,,,,"(de Winton, 1898)", 45054,Hylomyscus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,grandis,,,,,"Eisentraut, 1969", 10593,Hylomyscus aeta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,aeta,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)", 3328,Bunomys chrysocomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,chrysocomus,,,,,"(Hoffmann, 1887)","On the northeast peninsula, B. chrysocomus is sympatric with B. fratrorum; in the central core of the island it is broadly sympatric with an undescribed species at middle altitudes and marginally sympatric with B. andrewsi at low elevations and B. penitus in montane forest. No extant specimens of B. chrysocomus have been collected from lowlands of the southwest peninsula, partly because most of the original forest has been removed and partly because the remaining tracts have not been adequately surveyed, but the species once occurred in the deforested areas as represented by subfossils (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 3327,Bunomys andrewsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,andrewsi,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1911)","There is a lot of morphological variation in collected specimens, and this name may represent more than one species (G. Musser pers. comm.)." 3329,Bunomys coelestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,coelestis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)", 3330,Bunomys fratrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,fratrorum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)", 3332,Bunomys penitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,penitus,,,,,"(Miller & Hollister, 1921)", 273,Acomys russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,russatus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1840)", 44936,Acomys airensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,airensis,,,,,"Thomas & Hinton, 1921",Was previously considered under A. cahirinus. 264,Acomys cilicicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,cilicicus,,,,,"Spitzenberger, 1978","A poorly defined species. Likely to be part of Acomys cahirinus, but currently recognized as valid (see Barome et al. 2001, and Musser and Carleton 2005 for discussion). Studies by Frynta et al. (2010) and Giagia-Athanasopoulou et al. (2011) also support that this is a subspecies of A. cahirinus." 266,Acomys ignitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,ignitus,,,,,"Dollman, 1910", 270,Acomys mullah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,mullah,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 17004,Phloeomys pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Phloeomys,pallidus,,,,,"Nehring, 1890","The species is highly variable at least in pelage color and there is taxonomic uncertainty regarding some populations, the genetic boundary between this species and P. cumingi requires clarification. There is uncertainty whether this species is valid (L. Heaney pers. comm.)" 17003,Phloeomys cumingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Phloeomys,cumingi,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)","Phloemys cumingi is sometimes considered conspecific with P. pallidus, but P. cumingi is a distinct species (Corbet and Hill 1992, Musser and Heaney 1992, Thomas 1898)." 13935,Muriculus imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Muriculus,imberbis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1842)",Generic synonym = Mus. 23141,Xeromys myoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Xeromys,myoides,,,,,"Thomas, 1889",The extent of morphological and genetic variation (and its taxonomic significance) across the markedly discontinuous range of Xeromys myoides is poorly resolved. 12722,Mallomys gunung,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mallomys,gunung,,,,,"Flannery, Aplin & Groves, 1989",Species one of the undescribed species mentioned in Flannery (1990). 12724,Mallomys rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mallomys,rothschildi,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 20863,Stochomys longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Stochomys,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Tullberg, 1893)", 12907,Maxomys whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,whiteheadi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)", 12905,Maxomys surifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,surifer,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)","This is a species complex which requires systematic revision (K. Aplin, G. Musser and D. Lunde pers. comm.)." 12903,Maxomys panglima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,panglima,,,,,"(Robinson, 1921)","Treated in the past as a subspecies of M. surifer, but morphological features support its independence as a species; uncertain whether M. panglima is more closely related to M. surifer or M. rajah (Musser et al. 1979)." 12904,Maxomys rajah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,rajah,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","This species was once regarded as conspecific with Maxomys surifer (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Misonne 1969). It occurs sympatrically with that species and although samples of each are regularly misidentified, the two differ in a suite of morphological, ecological, behavioural, and biochemical traits, as well as albumin immunology (Chan et al. 1979, Corbet and Hill 1992, Musser et al. 1979, Yong 1972, Watts and Baverstock 1994)." 12901,Maxomys ochraceiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,ochraceiventer,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)", 12899,Maxomys moi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,moi,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1922)","Originally described as a species by Robinson and Kloss (1922), later listed as a subspecies of either Maxomys surifer or Rattus coxingi (=Niviventer coninga), but finally reinstated as a distinct species (Musser et al. 1979, Van Peenen et al. 1969)." 12900,Maxomys musschenbroekii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,musschenbroekii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1878)", 12897,Maxomys inas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,inas,,,,,"(Bonhote, 1906)", 12891,Maxomys alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,alticola,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)",Generic synonym = Rattus. 12892,Maxomys baeodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,baeodon,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)", 12893,Maxomys bartelsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,bartelsii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1910)", 6491,Dephomys defua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Dephomys,defua,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)",We follow Happold (in press) by including Dephomys eburneae in D. defua. 23324,Zyzomys pedunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Zyzomys,pedunculatus,,,,,"(Waite, 1896)", 23325,Zyzomys argurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Zyzomys,argurus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1889)","Zyzomys argurus is remarkable for its genetic uniformity; Queensland and Northern Territory populations are not genetically distinct. Pilbara populations do show some signs of allopatric divergence, but at a very shallow level (F. Ford pers. comm.)." 23326,Zyzomys maini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Zyzomys,maini,,,,,"Kitchener, 1989", 23327,Zyzomys palatalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Zyzomys,palatalis,,,,,"Kitchener, 1989","This species is listed as Zyzomys palatilis by Musser and Carleton (2005), but the correct spelling is Z. palatalis." 23328,Zyzomys woodwardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Zyzomys,woodwardi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)", 11633,Leporillus apicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leporillus,apicalis,,,,,"(Gould, 1853)", 11634,Leporillus conditor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leporillus,conditor,,,,,"(Sturt, 1848)",No subspecies are recognised for Leporillus conditor. 567,Aethomys silindensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,silindensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1938",Previously listed as a subspecies of A. chrysophilus. 575,Aethomys stannarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,stannarius,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)",Previously listed as a subspecies of A. hindei. 12655,Macruromys elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Macruromys,elegans,,,,,"Stein, 1933","Flannery (1990) states that the species is only known from the type series collected on Mount Kunupi, Irian Jaya in 1933." 12656,Macruromys major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Macruromys,major,,,,,"Rümmler, 1935", 12797,Margaretamys parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Margaretamys,parvus,,,,,"Musser, 1981", 12795,Margaretamys beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Margaretamys,beccarii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1880)",Further studies are required to determine whether the northern and central records are the same species (Musser and Carleton 2005). 12796,Margaretamys elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Margaretamys,elegans,,,,,"Musser, 1981", 48002425,Microhydromys richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Microhydromys,richardsoni,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1941",This may be a species complex (K. Helgen pers. comm.). 42646,Pseudohydromys musseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,musseri,,,,,"(Flannery, 1989)", 11384,Leggadina lakedownensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leggadina,lakedownensis,,,,,"Watts, 1976","The Thevenard Island form was previously thought to be a distinct taxon found on islands, but research has shown that this is merely a larger form of the same species. Further taxonomic study may be warranted to consider the extent and implications of morphological variation across the species's extensive range." 21495,Tarsomys apoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tarsomys,apoensis,,,,,"Mearns, 1905",Generic synonym = Rattus. 21496,Tarsomys echinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tarsomys,echinatus,,,,,"Musser & Heaney, 1992",This distinctive species is replaced at higher elevations by Tarsomys apoensis in the region of Mt. Katangland (Musser and Carleton 2005). 13119,Protochromys fellowsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Protochromys,fellowsi,,,,,"(Hinton, 1943)",This species was previously included in the genus Melomys. 6671,Diplothrix legata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Diplothrix,legata,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)", 45199,Mylomys rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mylomys,rex,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)",It remains somewhat uncertain as to whether Mylomys rex represents a valid species. See Musser and Carleton (2005) for a detailed summary of the difficulties surrounding this taxon. 16114,Parahydromys asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Parahydromys,asper,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)", 44991,Arvicanthis ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Arvicanthis,ansorgei,,,,,"Thomas, 1910",A split from A. niloticus. 44992,Arvicanthis rufinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Arvicanthis,rufinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)",A split from A. niloticus. 2146,Arvicanthis nairobae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Arvicanthis,nairobae,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1909", 2144,Arvicanthis abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Arvicanthis,abyssinicus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1842)", 9094,Gerbillurus tytonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillurus,tytonis,,,,,"(Bauer & Niethammer, 1960)", 9093,Gerbillurus setzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillurus,setzeri,,,,,"(Schlitter, 1973)", 13524,Millardia kondana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Millardia,kondana,,,,,"Mishra & Dhanda, 1975","Large-sized metad unique in possessing six plantar pads. Corbet and Hill (1992) remark that ""in describing M. kondana the authors did not mention the presence or absence of M. meltada in the same or adjacent localities, although the latter has been recorded from Pune and from Dharwar where they are of normal size, much smaller than M. kondana"". One of the survey parties of Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Station, Pune, has also collected Millardia kondana Mishra and Dhanda, 1975 from the type locality during a survey conducted in 1990. Talmale  et al. (2013) confirmed the taxonomic validity of Millardia kondana Mishra and Dhanda, 1975." 13523,Millardia kathleenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Millardia,kathleenae,,,,,"Thomas, 1914", 3916,Carpomys phaeurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Carpomys,phaeurus,,,,,"Thomas, 1895", 9155,Gerbillus watersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,watersi,,,,,"de Winton, 1901",F. Petter (1975b) synonymized it with Gerbillus juliani which would then include Somalia in the distribution. 9153,Gerbillus tarabuli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,tarabuli,,,,,"Thomas, 1902","Gerbillus riggenbachi Thomas, 1903 was also listed in 2003 Red List. Now included in Gerbillus tarabuli. Treated by some as a synonym of G. pyramidum, but this is now largely rejected." 9145,Gerbillus pyramidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,pyramidum,,,,,"Geoffroy, 1825",May include G. dongolanus - but assessed separately for now. 9150,Gerbillus somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,somalicus,,,,,"Thomas, 1910",Included in Gerbillus (Granjon 2013). 9151,Gerbillus stigmonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,stigmonyx,,,,,"Heuglin, 1877",Included in Gerbillus (Granjon 2013). 9141,Gerbillus poecilops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,poecilops,,,,,"Yerbury & Thomas, 1895","This information is taken from Musser and Carleton (2005). This taxon is considered to be a valid species, and it was reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Volobouev et al. (1995) analyzed R- and C-banding of chromosomes from G. poecilops, G. nanus, and G. henleyi and concluded that all three were derived from the same ancestor. Furthermore, G. poecilops is the most plesiomorphic and appears to be a ""living fossil"" isolated in the coastal mountain ranges of the Red Sea in Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia." 9142,Gerbillus principulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,principulus,,,,,"(Thomas & Hinton, 1923)",Retained as a valid species by Musser and Setzer (2005) following Lay (1983). Considered to be incertae sedis by L. Granjon (2013). 9143,Gerbillus pulvinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,pulvinatus,,,,,"Rhoads, 1896",D. Schlitter believes it should include G. dunni. Includes Gerbillus bilensis. 9144,Gerbillus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,pusillus,,,,,"Peters, 1878",We follow Happold (2013) by including Gerbillus ruberrimus and G. diminutus within G. pusillus. G. diminutus is sometimes considered to be incertae sedis. 9132,Gerbillus latastei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,latastei,,,,,"Thomas & Trouessart, 1903", 9131,Gerbillus juliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,juliani,,,,,"(St Leger, 1935)", 9133,Gerbillus lowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,lowei,,,,,"Thomas & Hinton, 1923","Included in Gerbillus (Granjon 2013). This taxon may be a synonym of G. campestris (Petter, 1975); these two taxa are still separate pending revision of the genus." 9124,Gerbillus gleadowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,gleadowi,,,,,"Murray, 1886", 9120,Gerbillus famulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,famulus,,,,,"Yerbury & Thomas, 1895",Not in Musser and Carleton in Wilson and Reeder (2005). 9111,Gerbillus burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,burtoni,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1838",Retained as a valid species by Musser and Setzer (2005) following Lay (1983). Considered by L. Granjon (2013) to be incertae sedis. 9109,Gerbillus bottai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,bottai,,,,,"Lataste, 1882",Included in Gerbillus (Granjon 2013). 9110,Gerbillus brockmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,brockmani,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)", 9105,Gerbillus andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,andersoni,,,,,"de Winton, 1902", 9104,Gerbillus amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,amoenus,,,,,"(de Winton, 1902)","

Previously regarded as either a subspecies of, or synonymous with, G. dasyurus, G. campestris and G. nanus (Osborn and Helmy 1980). However, now considered a separate species (Musser and Carleton 2005), which characterization and distribution has been discussed by Ndiaye et al. (2013). Includes G. vivax (Happold in press).

" 9102,Gerbillus agag,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,agag,,,,,"Thomas, 1903",Retained as a valid species by Musser and Setzer (2005) following Lay (1983). Considered by L. Granjon (2013) to be incertae sedis. 9101,Gerbillus rosalinda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,rosalinda,,,,,"St Leger, 1929", 9100,Gerbillus nancillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,nancillus,,,,,"Thomas & Hinton, 1923","We follow Granjon (2013) by provisionally including Gerbillus mauritaniae in G. nancillus. Ndiaye et al. (2016) showed that it represents a distinct lineage within the genus Gerbillus, that may deserve a subgeneric rank." 9099,Gerbillus muriculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,muriculus,,,,,"(Thomas & Hinton, 1923)",Retained as a valid species by Musser and Setzer (2005) following Lay (1983). Considered by Granjon (2013) to be incertae sedis. 45088,Gerbillus campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,campestris,,,,,"(Loche, 1867)","

Alternatively considered as belonging to the genus Dipodillus or Gerbillus according to authors, but convincingly maintained in Gerbillus by Ndiaye et al. (2016).

" 9096,Gerbillus acticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,acticola,,,,,"Thomas, 1918",Generic synonyms = Dipodillus; Monodia. 45053,Gerbillus rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,rupicola,,,,,"Granjon, Aniskin, Volobouev & Sicard, 2002",Included in Gerbillus following Happold (in press). 21508,Tateomys rhinogradoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tateomys,rhinogradoides,,,,,"Musser, 1969", 21507,Tateomys macrocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Tateomys,macrocercus,,,,,"Musser, 1982", 136230,Echiothrix centrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Echiothrix,centrosa,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921","This is a distinct species distinguished from E. leucura by its shorter cranium and mandible, and shorter molar rows with simpler occlusal patterns (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 7014,Echiothrix leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Echiothrix,leucura,,,,,"Gray, 1867", 6219,Dacnomys millardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Dacnomys,millardi,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",Populations from India and southeast Asia may represent different taxa and further studies are needed to resolve this (D. Lunde pers. comm.). 22470577,Psammophis angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,angolensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1872)", 22470660,Psammophis biseriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,biseriatus,,,,,"Peters, 1881","Molecular research by Kelly et al. (2008) confirmed the validity of Psammophis tanganicus, previously tentatively treated as distinct from P. biseriatus following Bezy and Drewes (1985)." 22470715,Psammophis orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,orientalis,,,,,"Broadley, 1977", 22470752,Psammophis pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,pulcher,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 22470859,Psammophis tanganicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,tanganicus,,,,,"Loveridge, 1940","Molecular research by Kelly et al. (2008) confirmed the validity of Psammophis tanganicus, tentatively treated as distinct from P. biseriatus since Bezy and Drewes (1985)." 22470987,Cryptoblepharus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,africanus,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1918)","The taxonomy of the genus Cryptoblepharus is controversial and cannot be considered stable despite recent reviews by Rocha et al. (2006) and Horner (2007). Based on the results of their mitochondrial sequence analysis, Rocha et al. (2006) concluded that the subspecific assignments of the Western Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus are the most appropriate. By contrast, Horner (2007) used morphological characteristics from a small sample to elevate C. boutonii africanus to species status, and recognized it as distinct from its former synonym C. ahli. The taxonomy of Horner (2007) is followed in this assessment, in keeping with the adoption of a general evolutionary species paradigm in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. However, it is acknowledged that taxon allocation in allopatric, highly mobile populations, such as those of the C. boutonii species complex, is controversial." 22471289,Haackgreerius miopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Haackgreerius,miopus,,,,,"(Greer & Haacke, 1982)", 22471379,Trachylepis ferrarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,ferrarai,,,,,"(Lanza, 1978)", 22471446,Trachylepis hemmingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,hemmingi,,,,,"(Gans, Laurent & Pandit, 1965)", 22471480,Trachylepis hildebrandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,hildebrandtii,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 22471697,Trachylepis megalura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,megalura,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)", 22471743,Trachylepis planifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,planifrons,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)", 22471771,Trachylepis varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,varia,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Weinell and Bauer (2018) examined morphological and genetic variation within the Trachylepis varia complex and identified eight major clades across the species' range. These authors' focus was on resolving the taxonomy of southern African members of this group, from which they revalidated Trachylepis laevigata and T. damarana. A clade recognized from most of Angola, Zambia and the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is likely to correspond to one of two recognized species, either T. albopunctatus or T. angolensis (Weinell and Bauer 2018). On this analysis Trachylepis varia sensu stricto corresponds to a clade ranging from the Tanzania-Mozambique border south through southeastern Africa. The status of the remaining candidate species, encompassing populations in East Africa, the Horn of Africa and the DRC, remains unresolved, and pending a full revision of this species complex these are retained within the concept of T. varia applied here.

Loveridge (1957) synonymized Mabuya isselii, known from Ethiopia and Eritrea, within M. varia. This author did not provide a detailed justification for this action, and recently several authors have used the name Mabuya isselii (Largen 1997; Largen and Spawls 2006, 2010) or Trachylepis isselii (Sindaco et al. 2012) to refer to a valid species. None of these authors, however, has commented on this assignment, and no clear diagnosis appears to exist that reliably distinguishes this taxon from T. varia (P. Uetz pers. comm. 2012). Pending the re-examination of material assigned to M. isselii recommended by Loveridge (1957), this account follows this author and Uetz and Hallerman (2012) in treating M. isselii as a junior synonym of T. varia." 22471818,Trachylepis wingati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,wingati,,,,,"(Werner, 1908)", 22472118,Pristurus simonettai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,simonettai,,,,,"(Lanza & Sassi, 1968)", 22472168,Pristurus somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,somalicus,,,,,"Parker, 1932", 22472187,Rhinotyphlops ataeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinotyphlops,ataeniatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 22472217,Letheobia jubana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,jubana,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 22472242,Letheobia largeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,largeni,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 22472339,Rhinotyphlops scorteccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinotyphlops,scorteccii,,,,,"(Gans & Laurent, 1965)", 22472356,Letheobia somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,somalica,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 22472376,Letheobia toritensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,toritensis,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007",Broadley and Wallach (2007) described this species based on two historical specimens from South Sudan originally attributed to Typhlops pallidus and first reported by Loveridge (1955). 22472388,Rhinotyphlops unitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinotyphlops,unitaeniatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)", 22472487,Afrotyphlops anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,anomalus,,,,,"(Bocage, 1873)",Was placed in the new genus Megatyphlops by Broadley and Wallach (2009) and later transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014) 22472533,Afrotyphlops brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,brevis,,,,,"(Scortecci, 1929)","This species was for a long time treated as either a synonym or a subspecies of Rhinotyphlops (now Megatyphlops) schlegelli, although it was considered a full species without discussion by Spawls et al. (2002). Broadley and Wallach (2009) reviewed the R. schlegelli species complex in their revision of African blindsnakes, and formally resurrected M. brevis as a full species within their new genus Megatyphlops. The species was subsequently transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014)" 22472565,Afrotyphlops mucruso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,mucruso,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Previously known by the name Rhinotyphlops schlegelli mucruso, but elevated to full species status and placed in the new genus Megatyphlops by Broadley and Wallach (2009) and later transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014)" 22472607,Afrotyphlops schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,schlegelii,,,,,"(Bianconi, 1847)","Until recently, four subspecies were recognized under the name Rhinotyphlops schlegelii (schlegelii, petersii, mucruso, brevis; see Hahn 1980), but the latter two have now been elevated to species status within the genus Megatyphlops (Broadley and Wallach 2009) and later transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). Rhinotyphlops s. petersii is considered a junior synonym of M. schlegelii (Broadley and Wallach 2009)." 22473415,Rhinotyphlops boylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinotyphlops,boylei,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1932)", 22473461,Rhinotyphlops leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinotyphlops,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Parker, 1930)", 22473559,Afrotyphlops calabresii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,calabresii,,,,,"(Gans & Laurent, 1965)","This taxon was described as a subspecies of Typhlops cuneirostris by Gans and Laurent (1965), and later synonymized with it (Roux-Esteve 1974). The review of African blind snakes by Broadley and Wallach (2009) supported its distinctiveness, and these authors removed T. calabresii from synonymy and elevated it to full species status. It was subsequently transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014)" 22473581,Afrotyphlops cuneirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,cuneirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)",Broadley and Wallach (2009) removed Typhlops calabresii from synonymy with this species.  Hedges et al. (2014) transferred this species to Afrotyphlops. 22473612,Varanus albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,albigularis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","The status of Varanus ocellatus is uncertain; it has been variously treated as a synonym of either V. albigularis or V. exanthematicus (Bennett 2004). This account follows Bennett (2004) in considering this form a synonym of V. exanthematicus with a distribution in Sudan (presumably South Sudan given the distribution for V. exanthematicus provided by this author). Specimens from Djibouti, Somalia and Ethiopia previously attributed to V. ocellatus are now understood to represent V. albigularis (Ineich 2001, Largen and Spawls 2006). A phylogeographic study comparing populations throughout the range of V. albigularis would be informative, including clarification of the status of forms previously recognized as subspecies but rejected by Broadley and Howell (1991), and the currently recognized subspecies V. a. angolensis. Currently three subspecies are recognized: Varanus a. albigularis (southern Africa, north to Angola, Zambia, Mozambique), V. albigularis angolensis (Angola, Namibia, Zambia, DR Congo), V. albigularis microstictus (northeastern Africa, Ethiopia to northern and central Mozambique) (Auliya and Koch 2020)." 22473680,Bitis parviocula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,parviocula,,,,,"Böhme, 1976", 22473714,Bitis worthingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,worthingtoni,,,,,"Parker, 1932", 22475207,Bitis heraldica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,heraldica,,,,,"(Bocage, 1889)", 178258,Echis hughesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,hughesi,,,,,"Cherlin, 1990","The validity of this species is uncertain, as the three known specimens may be referable to the widespread and variable Echis pyramidum species complex (McDiarmid et al. 1999), the systematics of which have never been reviewed across the species' entire range (Pook et al. 2009, J. Penner pers. comm. 2012). The species' description, in Russian in a journal to which few taxonomists have access (Cherlin 1990) further complicates comparative work (J. Penner pers. comm. 2012). No genetic material is available for comparison, and so the molecular study by Pook et al. (2009) was unable to clarify the validity of this form. These authors included this species within their E. pyramidum complex on the basis of morphology, but noted that based on their results unrecognized cryptic diversity probably exists within E. pyramidum in the Horn of Africa." 22475717,Afrotyphlops liberiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,liberiensis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1848)","The status of this taxon, which is sometimes listed as a subspecies of Afrotyphlops punctatus or occasionally of A. congestus, is ""not yet stable"" (Böhme et al. 2011). Branch and Rödel (2003) elected to recognize it as a distinct species pending genetic research, and this arrangement was followed without comment by Broadley and Wallach (2009), who listed listed Typhlops liberiensis as a valid species assigned to their new genus Afrotyphlops. Trape and Baldé (2014) supported this arrangement on the basis of examination of Guinean specimens and ""preliminary"" molecular data." 22476066,Afrotyphlops elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,elegans,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 22476134,Afrotyphlops angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,angolensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)", 190147,Searsia koefoedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Searsia,koefoedi,,,,,"Parr, 1937", 22476252,Afrotyphlops nigrocandidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,nigrocandidus,,,,,"(Broadley & Wallach, 2000)", 22476267,Afrotyphlops rondoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,rondoensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1942)", 22476281,Afrotyphlops schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,schmidti,,,,,"(Laurent, 1956)", 22476309,Afrotyphlops usambaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,usambaricus,,,,,"(Laurent, 1964)", 22476370,Letheobia debilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,debilis,,,,,"(Joger, 1990)", 22476437,Letheobia decorosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,decorosa,,,,,"(Buchholz & Peters in Peters, 1875)","Originally treated under the genus Typhlops, was transferred to the new genus Megatyphlops by Broadley and Wallach (2009) and later transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014) and then to Letheobia (Wallach and Gemel 2018)." 22476484,Letheobia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,gracilis,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1910)", 22476515,Letheobia kibarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,kibarae,,,,,"(De Witte, 1953)", 22476563,Letheobia acutirostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,acutirostrata,,,,,"(Andersson, 1916)", 22476625,Letheobia newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,newtoni,,,,,"(Bocage, 1890)","The conspecific nature of the populations from each island needs review, as these may represent distinct species." 22476644,Afrotyphlops obtusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,obtusus,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)","Originally treated under the genus Typhlops, was transferred to the new genus Megatyphlops by Broadley and Wallach (2009) and later transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014)." 22476741,Letheobia pauwelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,pauwelsi,,,,,"Wallach, 2005", 22476797,Letheobia rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,rufescens,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1916)", 22476834,Letheobia sudanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,sudanensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1923)", 22476984,Letheobia wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,wittei,,,,,"(Roux-Estève, 1974)", 21133195,Allocyttus verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,OREOSOMATIDAE,Allocyttus,verrucosus,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1906)", 199814,Uromastyx princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,princeps,,,,,"O’Shaughnessy, 1880","Cherchi (1954) described a new subspecies Uromastyx princeps scortecci from Eil (Nugaal, Puntland). All populations of U. princeps from a few kilometres north of Eyl to a few kilometers south of Obbia (Cherchi 1958), as far south as Meregh or Mogadishu have been assigned to this form. Subsequently, Moody (1987) synonymized U. p. scortecci within U. p. princeps until more material is available to clarify its status. This account follows this and subsequent authorities (Wilms 2005, Wilms et al. 2009) in considering U. princeps to be monotypic until molecular data and an integrative systematic revision is able to clarify relationships within this group." 176309,Chamaeleo calcaricarens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Chamaeleo,calcaricarens,,,,,"Böhme, 1985","The taxonomic history of this species is complicated by historical confusion with Chamaeleo africanus. Ineich (2001) placed C. calcaricarens in the synonymy of C. africanus without discussion. Largen and Spawls (2006) discussed its similarity to Chamaeleo africanus, and concluded that the only morphologically diagnosable character, a hemipenal character, was unreliable. They therefore formally referred C. calcaricarens to the synonymy of C. africanus. In contrast, Tilbury (2010) indicated that hemipenal characters reliably distinguish this species from C. africanus and formally resurrected C. calcaricarens (previously considered valid without comment by Tilbury and Tolley 2009). This action is supported by evidence from a recent molecular phylogeny of the Chamaeleonidae that C. africanus from Niger and C. calcaricarens from Borama in Somalia are distinct at the species level (Tolley et al. 2013). Trape et al. (2012) apparently overlooked the resurrection of C. calcaricarens in describing C. africanus as ranging east as far as Somalia." 197086,Rajella fyllae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,fyllae,,,,,"(Lütken, 1887)","Breviraja marklei McEachran & Miyake, 1987 is now recognised as a synonym of Rajella fyllae (Dyldin 2015, Weigmann 2016, Last 2016)." 197087,Squatina dumeril,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,dumeril,,,,,"Lesueur, 1818","The species that has previously been referred to as Squatina dumeril in the southern Caribbean has recently been described as Squatina david by Acero et al. (2016)." 161380,Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,sarawakensis,,,,,"Yano, Ahmad & Gambang, 2005",Sometimes known as Cephaloscyllium sarawakense (Fricke et al. 2020). 22528616,Diporiphora arnhemica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,arnhemica,,,,,"Storr, 1974",This species is currently subject to taxonomic revision. 22528626,Diporiphora australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,australis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)","

This is a species complex, whose taxonomy is unresolved (Cogger 2000).

" 22528664,Diporiphora bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,bennettii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",This species is currently under taxonomic review (J. Melville pers. comm. 2017). Records of this species outside of the Kimberleys are misidentifications. 22528676,Diporiphora bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,bilineata,,,,,"Gray, 1842","

Recently, Smith et al. (2011) used genetic data to identify several lineages within the nominal taxa Diporiphora bilineata, indicating the possible presence of multiple cryptic taxa with highly conserved morphology and making species identifications difficult.

" 22528705,Diporiphora magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,magna,,,,,"Storr, 1974",This species is currently under taxonomic revision (J. Melville pers. comm. 2017). 22528723,Diporiphora nobbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,nobbi,,,,,"(Witten, 1972)", 22528745,Diporiphora phaeospinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,phaeospinosa,,,,,"Edwards & Melville, 2011", 22528765,Diporiphora pindan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,pindan,,,,,"Storr, 1980", 22528775,Diporiphora reginae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,reginae,,,,,"Glauert, 1959", 22528785,Diporiphora superba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,superba,,,,,"Storr, 1974", 22528795,Diporiphora valens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,valens,,,,,"Storr, 1980", 22528805,Diporiphora winneckei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,winneckei,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1896", 22528830,Lophosaurus boydii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophosaurus,boydii,,,,,"(Macleay, 1884)","Manthey and Denzer (2016) examined genetic material and voucher specimens for Melanesian Hypsilurus (sensu lato) and Australian outgroups including the two representatives of this genus. The results supported an earlier suggestion (Manthey and Denzer 2006) that the Australian taxa and Melanesian H. dilophus, the type species of the genus Lophosaurus, formed a separate species group from the remaining Oceanian taxa. While Manthey and Denzer (2016) deferred nomenclatural changes to Melanesian Hypsilurus sensu lato pending further work, these authors resurrected Lophosaurus for the clade containing H. dilophis, H. spinipes and H. boydii." 178656,Hemidactylus arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,arnoldi,,,,,"Lanza, 1978", 61507,Hemidactylus foudaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,foudaii,,,,,"Baha El Din, 2003", 22566077,Lophosaurus spinipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophosaurus,spinipes,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1851)","Manthey and Denzer (2016) examined genetic material and voucher specimens for Melanesian Hypsilurus (sensu lato) and Australian outgroups including the two representatives of this genus. The results supported an earlier suggestion (Manthey and Denzer 2006) that the Australian taxa and Melanesian H. dilophus, the type species of the genus Lophosaurus, formed a separate species group from the remaining Oceanian taxa. While Manthey and Denzer (2016) deferred nomenclatural changes to Melanesian Hypsilurus sensu lato pending further work, these authors resurrected Lophosaurus for the clade containing H. dilophis, H. spinipes and H. boydii." 22566100,Hypsilurus tenuicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,tenuicephalus,,,,,"Manthey & Denzer, 2006", 22566194,Intellagama lesueurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Intellagama,lesueurii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","This species was long included within Physignathus alongside the Chinese water dragon Physignathus cocincinus, however recent genetic research indicates that P. cocincinus is no more closely-related to P. leuseurii than it is to other Australian agamids (Townsend et al. 2011). These authors resurrected the generic name Istiurus to accommodate the Australian species, however Amey et al. (2012) pointed out that this name is a junior synonym of Hydrosaurus, and so is not available for the eastern water dragon. These authors resurrected the name Intellagama for this taxon." 22566253,Amphibolurus burnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Amphibolurus,burnsi,,,,,"(Wells & Wellington, 1985)", 22566261,Lophognathus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophognathus,longirostris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1883", 22566287,Lophognathus temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophognathus,temporalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","Lophognathus maculilabris is included by Melville et al. (2011) within L. temporalis, which has a type locality on nearby Timor Laut and is widespread in northern Australia and New Guinea, on the basis that there is little genetic divergence between the samples from Tanimbar and northern Australia." 178392,Hemidactylus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,smithi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895","This species is similar in some respects to Hemidactylus platycephalus Peters, 1854, but the latter has a more southerly distribution and the ranges of the two are not known to overlap." 181216,Poropuntius consternans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,consternans,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000","This is one of four species of Poropuntius known from Bolaven Plateau. Roberts had described three as trophic morphs of P. bolovensis (in short: individuals of the same species that develop different morphologies to adapt to different ecological conditions). Kottelat (2000) treated them as different species because he found differences that are not trophic related and are present in juveniles before they develop trophic specialisation. He described a fourth species. This one is the acuticeps morph of Roberts. This community of four species or morphs on the top of an isolated plateau is a rare biological phenomenon and studies are needed to clarify the taxonomy of these species or morphs. The four species/morphs occur together and up to now there are no data linking each to a specific habitat." 181047,Poropuntius solitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,solitus,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000","This is one of four species of Poropuntius known from the Bolaven Plateau. Roberts (1998) had described three as trophic morphs of P. bolovensis (i.e., individuals of the same species that develop different morphologies to adapt to different ecological conditions). Kottelat (2000) treated them as different species because he found differences that are not trophic related and are present in juveniles before they develop trophic specialisation, and described a fourth species. This community of four species or morphs on the top of an isolated plateau is a rare biological phenomenon and studies are needed to clear the taxonomy of these species or morphs. The four species/morphs occur together and up to now there are no data linking each to a specific habitat." 181020,Poropuntius lobocheiloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,lobocheiloides,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000","This is one of four species of Poropuntius known from the Bolaven Plateau. Roberts (1998) had described three as trophic morphs of P. bolovensis (i.e., individuals of the same species that develop different morphologies to adapt to different ecological conditions). Kottelat (2000) treated them as different species because he found differences that are not trophic related and are present in juveniles before they develop trophic specialisation. He described a fourth species. This species is the glaridostoma morph of Roberts. This community of four species or morphs on the top of an isolated plateau is a rare biological phenomenon and studies are needed to clear the taxonomy of these species or morphs. The four species/morphs occur together and up to now there are no data linking each to a specific habitat." 188631,Hucho taimen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Hucho,taimen,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)", 178212,Lygodactylus grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,grandisonae,,,,,"Pasteur, 1962", 137125,Sisyphus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sisyphus,ocellatus,,,,,"Peringuey, 1901","The genus Sisyphus Latreille is biogeographically widespread across the Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions with a restricted occurrence in the Central American part of the Neotropical region. It is currently represented by 18 species in the Afrotropical region but is in urgent need of revision. S. ocellatus is held to be represented by two subspecies by some sources, S. ocellatus ocellatus (Reiche 1847) and S. ocellatus nanniscus (Péringuey 1901). However, an unpublished revision of the southern African species indicates that S. nanniscus is, in fact, a synonym of S. seminulum Gerstaecker, a species that is currently erroneously classified as a synonym of S. costatus Thunberg 1818." 196976,Heliobolus neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Heliobolus,neumanni,,,,,"(Tornier, 1905)", 196978,Heliobolus spekii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Heliobolus,spekii,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 178742,Latastia cherchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Latastia,cherchii,,,,,"Arillo, Balletto & Spano, 1967", 198769,Zeus faber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,ZEIDAE,Zeus,faber,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 21133207,Zenion hololepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,ZENIONIDAE,Zenion,hololepis,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)","The characters thought to differentiate Zenion longipinnis from Z. hololepis are erroneous. The course of the lateral line is the same for both species. The isthmus of Z. hololepis is completely scaly, but scales were missing on the holotype from abrasion in the trawl. The membrane joining the pelvic-fin spine to the rays is fragile and easily torn in trawl-caught specimens (Heemstra in press)." 177559,Cordylus rivae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,rivae,,,,,(Boulenger 1896), 164846,Pseudamnicola intranodosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,intranodosa,,,,,"Schutt & Sesan, 1993", 164886,Belgrandiella edessana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,edessana,,,,,"Schütt & Şeşen, 1993", 20593185,Belgrandiella adsharica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,adsharica,,,,,"(Lindhom,1913)",Generic status of the species is uncertain and requires review. 20593189,Belgrandiella cavernica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Belgrandiella,cavernica,,,,,"Boettger, 1957", 20593529,Falsipyrgula beysehirana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Falsipyrgula,beysehirana,,,,,"(Schütt, 1965)", 20593535,Hydrobia soosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,soosi,,,,,"(Wagner, 1928)", 20593537,Hydrobia anatolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,anatolica,,,,,"Schütt, 1965", 20593541,Kirelia carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Kirelia,carinata,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 20593543,Kirelia murtici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Kirelia,murtici,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 20593549,Pseudamnicola kotschyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,kotschyi,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1863)", 20593551,Pseudamnicola elbursensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,elbursensis,,,,,"(Starmühlner & Edlauer, 1957)","Glöer & Pesic (2012) noted that Starmühlner and Edlauer (1957) originally described this species as Frauenfeldia elburensis. However, the genus name Frauenfeldia is preoccupied, and thus, other species of this genus have been re-assigned to different genera including Belgrandiella, Boleana, Graziana and Sarajana (Radoman 1983). Given the the shape of the aperture in original description (see Starmühlner and Edlauer 1957) Glöer & Pesic (2012) placed this species in the genus Belgrandiella, but further research is needed to confirm this generic position.
" 20593553,Pseudamnicola geldiayana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,geldiayana,,,,,"Schütt & Bilgin, 1970", 20593593,Radomaniola caputlacus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Radomaniola,caputlacus,,,,,"Schütt, 1993", 20593595,Sadleriana affinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,affinis,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1863)", 20593597,Sadleriana byzanthina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sadleriana,byzanthina,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)", 20593609,Sheitanok amidicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Sheitanok,amidicus,,,,,"Schütt & Şeşen, 1991", 22483644,Acroloxus egirdirensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,egirdirensis,,,,,"Shirokaya, 2012", 164819,Bythinella occasiuncula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,occasiuncula,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 2001", 164869,Bythinella turca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,turca,,,,,"Radoman, 1976", 164810,Falsibelgrandiella bunarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Falsibelgrandiella,bunarica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973",This species is subject to taxonomic uncertanity. 164858,Falsipyrgula barroisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Falsipyrgula,barroisi,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1894)",
 164847,Falsipyrgula pfeiferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Falsipyrgula,pfeiferi,,,,,"(Weber, 1927)", 164811,Graecoanatolica brevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,brevis,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 164807,Graecoanatolica conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,conica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 164842,Graecoanatolica kocapinarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,kocapinarica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 164817,Graecoanatolica lacustristurca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,lacustristurca,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","Ongoing research may prove that some of the records assigned to this species (Schutt 1990, Yildirim 1999) are in fact distinct species (pers. comm. Umit Kebapci)." 164830,Graecoanatolica pamphylica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,pamphylica,,,,,"(Schutt, 1964)", 164867,Graecoanatolica tenuis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,tenuis,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 164880,Islamia bunarbasa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,bunarbasa,,,,,"(Schutt, 1964)", 164826,Pseudamnicola bilgini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,bilgini,,,,,"Schütt & Şeşen, 1993", 164805,Tefennia tefennica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Tefennia,tefennica,,,,,"Schütt & Yıldırım, 2003", 155563,Lithoglyphus naticoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Lithoglyphus,naticoides,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)", 165355,Theodoxus pallasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,pallasi,,,,,"Lindholm, 1924","The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the region of southern and eastern Europe, Levant, Mesopotamia and the Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated, leading to inexplicable distribution patterns and implausible ecological ranges (e.g. species occurring in mountain springs and in saline lowland marshes). There is also discussion as to the generic position of some species (Theodoxus of Neritina). A critical revision is strongly recommended. According to Zettler (2007), the records of T. pallasi from the Black Sea and its drainage, namely from Romania (Lake Sinoe and the Danube Delta), Bulgaria, Ukraine (Sea of Asov) and part of Armenia, need to be confirmed, as these populations probably do belong to other species." 165358,Theodoxus anatolicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,anatolicus,,,,,"(Récluz, 1841)","The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the  region of southern and eastern Europe, Levant, Mesopotamia and Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated, leading to inexplicable  distribution patterns and implausible ecological ranges (e.g. species occurring in mountain springs and in saline lowland marshes). There is also discussion as to the generic position of some species (Theodoxus of Neritina). A critical revision is strongly recommended." 166681,Gyraulus convexiusculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,convexiusculus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1849)","Gyraulus convexiusculus and related Planorbidae are favorite lab-animals with Asian parasitologists, microbiologists, toxicologists, etc. for in-vitro studies. The taxonomic identifications in such studies are often not accurate. In addition, this use and the spreading of rice varieties has resulted in the distribution of the species throughout Asia.  The original, native range on this continent is hence not precisely known." 189465,Melanopsis doriae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,doriae,,,,,"Issel, 1886","Formerly, all circum-Mediterranean populations of Melanopsis were considered to belong to a single highly polymorphic species, M. praemorsa. This view proved to be scientifically invalid e.g. on palaeontological and biogeographical grounds. The populations in different centers of radiation, namely south-western Europe, north-western Africa and the Levant have been split up in species-clades. Only the Ponto-Caspian representatives still need revision.  Heller et al. (2005) conclude that not one but ten distinct Melanopsis species occur in the Levant, one of which consists of four subspecies (M. costata). Melanopsis doriae is one of these ten species. It is a smooth-shelled form set apart on anatomical and conchyological arguments ." 189580,Horatia parvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Horatia,parvula,,,,,"(Naegele, 1894)","The only presently accepted taxonomy of the Hydrobiidae is based on differences of the soft parts, i.e. mainly the structure of the copulatory organs. Horatia parvula has been described on shell characteristics only (as was common in the 19th century), which means that this species has taxonomically not been diagnosed properly and that it can as well represent different species or be a regional variety of an already accepted species.

The taxonomic position of this species will hence remain unresolved until new material from the type locality has been collected and identified. No such collections have been made since its original description and it is possible that Horatia parvula  is extinct in the type locality (Ü. Kebapçı, pers. comm., 2011). This would infer that this species will remain invalid." 20593054,Theodoxus heldreichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,heldreichi,,,,,"(Martens, 1879)","The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the  region of southern and eastern Europe, Levant, Mesopotamia and Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated, leading to inexplicable distribution patterns and implausible ecological ranges (e.g. species occurring in mountain springs and in saline lowland marshes). There is also discussion as to the generic position of some species (Theodoxus of Neritina). A critical revision is strongly recommended.

Theodoxus heldreichi is morphologically very close to T. fluviatilis (Behrendt, 2009). Two subspecies are discerned. The nominate subspecies, T. h. heldreichi, that is relatively large, is confined to Eğirdir Lake (formerly Eğridir Lake) and Beyşehir Lake (respectively in Isparta Province and on the border of Isparta and Konya Province, Turkey). The smaller subspecies, T. h. fluvicola Schütt & Şeşen, 1992, is found in streams and springs in Antalya, Burdur, Afyon, Izmir, Manisa, Aydin, Denizli and Isparta Province (Schütt and Şeşen 1992, Kebapçi and Yildirim 2010). These two forms are not separated geographically - i.e. the definition of a subspecies- and hence seem to represent two ecophenotypic morphs, adapted respectively to lothic and lenthic conditions.

According to Behrendt (2009), who collected Theodoxus material in western Turkey, a molecular analysis of this material carried out at Giessen University (Germany) failed to genetically  isolate T. heldreichi, identifying the samples as belonging to T. fluviatilis, T. euxinus (= T. fluviatilis?) and T. anatolicus. This claim needs to be checked." 20593068,Theodoxus syriacus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,syriacus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1852)","The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the region of southern and eastern Europe, Levant, Mesopotamia and Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated, leading to inexplicable distribution patterns and ecological characteristics. There is also discussion as to the generic position (Theodoxus or Neritina) of some species. Sands et al (2020) retained the species within Theodoxus." 20593070,Theodoxus altenai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,altenai,,,,," Schütt,1965","The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the region of southern and eastern Europe, Levant, Mesopotamia and Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated, leading to inexplicable distribution patterns and implausible ecological ranges (e.g. species occurring in mountain springs and in saline lowland marshes). There is also discussion as to the generic position of some species (Theodoxus of Neritina). A critical revision is strongly recommended." 20593072,Theodoxus jordani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,jordani,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1832)","The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the  region of southern and eastern Europe,  Levant, Mesopotamia and Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated, leading to inexplicable distribution patterns and implausible ecological ranges (e.g. species occurring in mountain springs and in saline lowland marshes). There is also discussion as to the generic position of some species (Theodoxus of Neritina). A critical revision is strongly recommended." 20593085,Theodoxus cinctellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,cinctellus,,,,,"(Martens, 1874)","The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the region of southern and eastern Europe, Levant, Mesopotamia and Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated, leading to inexplicable distribution patterns and implausible ecological ranges (e.g. species occurring in mountain springs and in saline lowland marshes). There is also discussion as to the generic position of some species (Theodoxus of Neritina). A critical revision is strongly recommended.

The species Neritina cinctella Martens, 1874 was subsequently placed in Theodoxus (T. cinctellus) (see Schütt and Şeşen 1989) but recently again mentioned as Neritina cinctellus by Glöer and Pešić (2012). These authors state that, since this species is characterized by a denticulated collumellar border, it should be ascertained to the genus Neritina (but that implies that the gender should be feminine, hence it should be N. cinctella and not N. cinctellus)" 20593087,Theodoxus euphraticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,euphraticus,,,,,(Mousson 1874),"The taxonomy of the representatives of the Neritidae in the whole region covering southern and eastern Europe, the Levant, Mesopotamia and the Ponto-Caspian region is still not fully elucidated. This is strongly suggested by some 'species' with inexplicable distribution patterns and implausible ecological ranges (e.g. species occurring in mountain springs and in saline lowland marshes). There is also discussion as to the generic position of some species (Theodoxus of Neritina). A critical revision is strongly recommended.

If Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874), also referred to as Neritina euphratica, is a distinct species is not fully elucidated yet (see Bandel 2001)." 20593155,Bithynia pseudemmericia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,pseudemmericia,,,,,"Schütt, 1964", 20593629,Melanopsis nodosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,nodosa,,,,,"Férussac, 1823",Melanopsis nodosa is characterized by a heavily ornated nodose shell and therefore considered as a distinctive species by Heller et al. (2005) 20593631,Melanopsis ammonis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,ammonis,,,,,"(Tristam, 1865)","Melanopsis ammonis (Tristam, 1865) is one of the smooth-shelled Melanopsis forms of the Levant that are considered by Heller et al. (2005) as distinctive, based on conchometric evidence and the fact that this morph co-occurs with the dominant Levantine Melanopsis, i.e.  M. buccinoidea (Olivier, 1801), at the same localities without interbreeding." 20593647,Melanopsis dircaena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,dircaena,,,,,"Pallary, 1939","Heller et al. (2005), on the basis of morphometric analysis and such shell characteristics as the presence of shouldered whorls and colored bands, consider Melanopsis dircaena Pallary, 1939 to be a distinct species." 20593649,Melanopsis khabourensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,khabourensis,,,,,"Pallary, 1939","Melanopsis khabourensis is a very distinctive, smooth-shelled species differing from M. buccinoidea, the common smooth-shelled species in Syria, by the general form and size of mouth aperture. M. khabourensis co-occurs with another endemic species, the ribbed M. infracincta, both species showing some hybridization.  (Heller et al. 2005)" 20593726,Melanopsis saulcyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,saulcyi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1853",Melanopsis saulcyi  is one of the eight Levantine Melanopsis species that has been revived by Heller et al. (2005) on morphological and conchyometric grounds. It is a ribbed form that differs from the wide-spread M. costata by the presence of a higher number of markedly nodular ribs. 20593734,Melanopsis germaini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,germaini,,,,,"Pallary, 1939","Melanopsis germaini Pallary, 1939 is one of the eastern Mediterranean species characterized by a ribbed shell. It was formerly lumped with other costulate forms under M. costata. Heller et al. (2005), on the basis of e.g. the difference in the number of ribs, general morphology, etc, consider this form to be quite distinctive. Their view is here followed." 20593737,Melanopsis infracincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,infracincta,,,,,"von Martens, 1874","Melanopsis infracincta Martens, 1874, is a eastern Mediterranean species with a ribbed shell, that was formerly considered synonymous to M. costata, but has been revived as a distinct species by Heller et al. (2005) on the basis of marked conchyometric differences, e.g.  in the ratio shell-diameter/shell-height." 156110,Melanopsis buccinoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Melanopsis,buccinoidea,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)","This species is the most common smooth-shelled Melanopsis species in the Levant, considered as the vicariant of M. praemorsa (Spain, Maghreb) (Heller et al. 2005). Schutt (1966) noted that the populations of M. buccinoidea in Turkey were very variable and may represent more than one species. Further research in this region is necessary.

Melanopsis praemorsa is considered to be a 'superspecies' by Glaubrecht (1993), whereas if we follow Brown (1994), who based his conclusion on older articles, then there exists only a single Melanopsis species (M. praemorsa) with a disjunct range along the Mediterranean-Black Sea.

This view has since been abandoned e.g. by Heller et al. (2005) for the Levantine species, by Bank et al. (2006) for the European species and by Van Damme and Ghamizi (2010) for the NW-African ones. Following the revision of the representatives of this genus in the Levant by Heller et al. (2005), M. praemorsa does not occur in this region. This view is here followed." 155862,Valvata saulcyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,saulcyi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1853", 164828,Leguminaia wheatleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Leguminaia,wheatleyi,,,,,"(Lea, 1862)","

Although Leguminaia is here treated as a unionid genus, other authors (e.g. Modell,1964) placed it among the Margaritiferidae. Molecular studies are still needed for better clarification. The study of a living population with the aid of molecular characterization would greatly enhance our understanding of this poorly known and rare species.

" 156136,Potomida littoralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Potomida,littoralis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1798)","Potomida is considered a monotypic genus with a circum-Mediterranean distribution (Graf and Cummings 2007). The phylogenetic placement of Potomida is also of interest. Unlike the other unionid genera of Europe (like Unio and Anodonta), P. littoralis lacks the hooked-type glochidia of the subfamily Unioninae. Graf and Cummings (2007) left this species as ""incertae sedis"" within the family to emphasize the cloud that hangs over the higher taxonomy of this lineage.

Araujo (2009) noted that in Spain there were two Iberian subspecies discussed by Haas (1969) – P. l. littoralis Cuvier, 1798, and P. l. umbonata Rossmaessler, 1844 but stated that both are synonyms of P. littoralis Cuvier, 1798. The same author states that both French subspecies P. l. cuneata (Jacquemin, 1835) and P. l. pianensis (Boubée, 1833) are also synonyms of P. littoralis Cuvier, 1798.

Taxonomic review is in progress for the status of species in Greece and Turkey (Lopes-Lima, pers. comm. 2013).

In Europe Bank et al. (2006) recognised one subspecies from Greece: P. l. acarnanica (Kobelt, 1879).

In North Africa, another subspecies P. l. fellmanni Lamarck, 1801, was recognised by Van Damme et al. (2010).

Three additional subspecies are recognized for Turkey and Middle East by Kinzelbach (1985): P. l. tracheae (Kobelt, 1895) in Southern Anatolia, P. l. delesserti (Bourguignat, 1852) in the lower Orontes basin, and P. l. semirugata (Lamarck, 1819) in the Jordan and upper Orontes basins.

Another subspecies is present in the Arax basin in Armenia: P. l. armeniaca (Kobelt,1912)" 155475,Lymnaea stagnalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,stagnalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","
" 155495,Dreissena polymorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Dreissena,polymorpha,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)","A molecular phylogenetic analysis, using 16S and COI sequence data, maintained this as a separate species distinct from other closely related ones, e.g., D. rostriformis and D. stankovici (Therriault et al. 2004).

A very large number of names have been synonymised to this species (MolluscaBase 2022)." 155517,Viviparus viviparus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,viviparus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Gloer (2002) listed Viviparus penthicus (Servain 1884) as a distinct subspecies of Viviparus viviparus.

" 155568,Radix auricularia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,auricularia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","For the Arabian Peninsula, the identification of large Lymnaea (or Radix) species with Radix auricularia remains with some doubts as already mentioned by Brown and Wright (1980: 346). The geographically most closest, anatomically confirmed record for this species originates from Lebanon (Bössneck 2011). The subpopulations of R. auricularia from the Arabian Peninsula have never been investigated anatomically, they possibly refer to other species. A serious scientific revision is needed to unravel this unsatisfactory taxonomic situation (Neubert pers. comm. 2012)." 155571,Euglesa casertana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,casertana,,,,,"(Poli, 1791)","Some authors place the species in the subgenus Euglesa.

The species varies considerably in size, shape, shell thickness, and hinge features (I. Killeen pers. comm. 2009). Many of the forms have been assigned varietal names of which the most distinct are Pisidum casertana f. ponderosa, Pisidum casertana f. humeriforme and Pisidum casertana f. globulare. The latter is now recognised as a distinct species. Pisidum casertana f. ponderosa is also regarded as a distinct species by many continental authors and so requires further research." 155647,Ampullaceana balthica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Ampullaceana,balthica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","
" 155717,Viviparus contectus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Viviparus,contectus,,,,,"(Millet, 1813)","Kantor et al. (2009) put this in the genus Contectiana  Bourguignat, 1880 following the volume of Fauna Ukraine (Vol. 29). However the majority of users still consider this to be a subgeneric level classification.
" 155930,Bathyomphalus contortus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Bathyomphalus,contortus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156006,Gyraulus crista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,crista,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156186,Valvata piscinalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,piscinalis,,,,,"(Muller, 1774)","The subgenus for this species is Valvata (Cincinna) piscinalis (O.F. Muller 1774). Kantor et al. (2009) list Valvata piscinalis var. fluviatilis (Colbeau 1859) as a synonym of Cincinna contorta.

This species has many recognised subspecies, including:
Valvata piscinalis alpestris (Kuster 1853)
Valvata piscinalis antiqua (Morris 1838)
Valvata piscinalis piscinalis (O.F. Muller 1774)
Valvata piscinalis geyeri (Menzel 1904)
Valvata piscinalis discors (Westerlund 1886)" 20593045,Theodoxus subthermalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,subthermalis,,,,,"(Issel, 1865)", 20593112,Assiminea mesopotamica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,mesopotamica,,,,,"Glöer, Naser, & Yasser, 2007","Gloer et al. (2007) described this new species from Iraq, noting that it differed from the more widespread species Assiminea nitida, as it was three times larger and twice as large as A. cornea (Leith, 1853) with a closed umbilicus unlike A. cornea (Leith, 1853)." 20593152,Bithynia phialensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,phialensis,,,,,"(Conrad, 1852)", 20593555,Pseudamnicola vinarskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,vinarskii,,,,,"Gloer & Georgiev, 2012", 20593619,Torosia proschwitzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Torosia,proschwitzi,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2012", 22483646,Gyraulus nedyalkovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,nedyalkovi,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2012", 22483648,Gyraulus argaeicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,argaeicus,,,,,"(Sturany, 1904)", 22483650,Bithynia yildirimii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,yildirimii,,,,,"Glöer & Georgiev, 2012","This species was originally considered to be a population of the more widespread species, Bithynia leachii, and Gloer and Georgiev (2012) separated the the populations noting that ""We do not believe that Bithynia leachii occurs in Turkey"" (Yıldırım et al. 2006). Bithynia leachii is distributed in the lowlands of western Europe towards Russia, and the southern­most records known are from Hungary (Glöer and Fehér 2004)." 155796,Bithynia tentaculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,tentaculata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Recent work by Glöer and colleagues have shown that Bithynia tentaculata and B. leachii (Glöer and Beckmann 2007, Glöer and Pesic 2007, Glöer and Maassen 2009) are not the only species of Bithynia in the Mediterranean, and that there maybe cryptic species with restricted ranges present within the range of both Bithynia tentaculata and B. leachii. As such, if shells are found that are different in form, further research maybe necessary to investigate the taxonomic status." 155818,Gyraulus albus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,albus,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 19199296,Andrena barbareae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,barbareae,,,,,"Panzer, 1805","One of a group of very closely related sibling species including A. barbareae, A. cineraria and A. danuvia. The taxonomic status of these taxa is uncertain." 155923,Euglesa milium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,milium,,,,,"(Held, 1836)","Graf and Cummings (2014; MusselP database) consider the following species as synonyms of Pisidium milium:
  • Tetragonocyclas tetragona (Normand, 1854). — Kantor et al. (2010).
  • Tetragonocyclas subtetragona (Starobogatov & Budnikova, 1985). — Kantor et al. (2010).
  • Tetragonocyclas baudoniana (de Cessac, 1855). — Kantor et al. (2010).
  • Tetragonocyclas quadrangula (Starobogatov & Budnikova, 1985). — Kantor et al. (2010).
" 155908,Euglesa subtruncata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,subtruncata,,,,,"(Malm, 1855)", 155887,Borysthenia naticina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Borysthenia,naticina,,,,,"(Menke, 1845)","
" 164836,Bithynia pesicii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,pesicii,,,,,"Glöer & Yildirim, 2006", 64682136,Pseudobithynia hamicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,hamicensis,,,,,"(Pallary, 1939)","Pseudobithynia amiqensis, a species described in 2009 from the Aamiq pond in the Bekaa region has now been synonymised with Pseudobithynia hamicensis, a species described by Pallary from the region." 164860,Pseudobithynia levantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,levantica,,,,,"Glöer & Bößneck, 2007",


164837,Islamia anatolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Islamia,anatolica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973", 42428276,Atyaephyra acheronensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyaephyra,acheronensis,,,,,"Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012", 42428291,Atyaephyra strymonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyaephyra,strymonensis,,,,,"Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012", 18124015,Diretmus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,DIRETMIDAE,Diretmus,argenteus,,,,,"Johnson, 1864", 42428293,Atyaephyra thyamisensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyaephyra,thyamisensis,,,,,"Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012", 42428295,Atyaephyra tuerkayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyaephyra,tuerkayi,,,,,"Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012", 42463645,Nomada cretensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,cretensis,,,,,"Schulz, 1906", 42436709,Caridina vithuraensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,vithuraensis,,,,,"Jayachandran & Thomas, 2012", 42442168,Monsamnis carpolongus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Monsamnis,carpolongus,,,,,"Richard, De Grave & Clark, 2012", 42437291,Macrobrachium cosolapaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,cosolapaense,,,,,"Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011", 42437294,Macrobrachium hungi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hungi,,,,,"Nguyên, 2012", 42437322,Macrobrachium jacatepecense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,jacatepecense,,,,,"Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011", 42437713,Macrobrachium mazatecum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,mazatecum,,,,,"Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011", 42437750,Macrobrachium oaxacae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,oaxacae,,,,,"Mejía-Ortíz & López-Mejía, 2011", 42438090,Macrobrachium prabhakarani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,prabhakarani,,,,,"Pillai & Unnikrishnan, 2012", 22736,Unio crassus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,crassus,,,,,"Philipsson, 1788","There are many unresolved questions about this species' taxonomy and the placement of geographic variants as either subspecies or distinct species. For example, Graf (2007), following the Biological Species Concept, discerns three geographic groups within Unio crassus, namely U. crassus species group, U. c. gontieri and U. c. mongolicus. Kantor et al. (2010), following the comparative method, divide Graf's Unio crassus species group into six distinct species.

It is therefore evident that molecular research on the Unio crassus complex is urgently needed. It has been suggested that the species concept of the Comparatory Model is too typological. The result is the description of numerous ‘species’ that occur sympatrically (instead of geographically isolated) without any solid evidence how a radiative evolution did take place in the past. We hence follow Graf’s Biological Species Concept for Unio crassus although, as this author states himself, this hypothesis also does not rest on a solid taxonomic footing. This was indeed corroborated by the fact that recently the Iberian populations of U. crassus have been lifted from the complex on the basis of molecular research and recognised as a distinct endemic species, Unio tumidiformis Reis & Araujo, 2009.

It is highly probable that the Siberian subspecies, U. crassus mongolicus will prove to be either to belong to the Unio douglasiae-complex (East Asia) as Zhadin (1952) already suggested, or is a distinct species (see, for example, Kantor et al. 2010). This may also be the case for Unio crassus gontieri that may be closer to Unio tigridis or Unio terminalis from the Tigris-Euphrate basin (Graf 2007) and by extension for Unio crassus bruguierianus of the same basin. We also agree with Van Helsdingen et al. (1996) that molecular investigation may show that the subspecies U. crassus carneus occurring in Greece and adjacent territories is also a separate species. Its main habitat, eutrofied lakes, is indeed not the same as that of the other European subspecies (lowland rivers with a low concentration of nitrates).

The main question is if these taxonomic contradictions and unsolved questions about the degree of genetic distinction between diverse ‘subspecies’ make it impossible to formulate a Red List assessment. The synonym list for this species is extensive and is given in Graf and Cummings (2010)." 22737,Unio mancus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,mancus,,,,,"Lamarck, 1819","

The taxonomic status of Unio mancus Lamarck, 1819 has been controversial in the current literature (Prie et al. 2012). Despite the nomenclatural priority of mancus over elongatulus, Haas (1969) did not consider U. mancus as a valid species. Instead in his classification the U. mancus lineages are placed under the name U. elongatulus. Since then, those lineages have been consensually reassigned to U. mancus (Falkner et al. 2002, Araujo et al. 2005, Prié et al. 2012) with recent molecular studies supporting the distinction between Unio mancus and Unio pictorum and the possibility of a separate Unio elongatulus lineage (species) from the north of Italy and recognize the presence of distinct populations in Spain and France (Araujo et al. 2005, Prié et al. 2012).

From the subspecies recognized by Haas (1969) for Spain and France and other countries by Falkner et al. (2002), three were confirmed using molecular markers by recent studies on Unio mancus in Spain (Araujo et al. 2005) and France (Prie et al. 2012), namely:

- Unio mancus mancus regarding populations from Atlantic drainages, from the Pyrenees to Brittany, including the Loire basin, as well as the population from the Basse River in Perpignan. Outside France, it includes Spanish Mediterranean drainages as far South as the Jucar River basin.

- Unio mancus requienii (Michaud, 1831) regarding populations from the south Mediterranean basins of Rhône, Vidourle and Hérault and the Atlantic Seine basin in northwest France.

- Unio mancus turtonii (Payraudeau, 1826) regarding Corsican populations and Mediterranean continental rivers East of the Rhône.

Additionally as a result of the study by Khalloufi et al. (2011) the subspecies Unio elongatulus penchinatianus Bourguignat, 1865 was reassigned to Unio ravoisieri DeShayes, 1848; and U. elongatulus durieui Deshayes, 1847 to Unio durieui Deshayes, 1847.

As for the other Unio mancus lineages described by Haas: 

Unio mancus pallens Rossmässler, 1842 (central and southern Dalmatia (former Yugoslavia); Albania; Central Greece); Unio mancus gargottae Philippi, 1836 (Sicily); Unio mancus eucirrus Bourguignat, 1857 (Coastal rivers in Cilicia (southeast Turkey), Syria and Israel; and Unio mancus dembeae Reeve, 1865 (Ethiopia and Somalia).

Due to the high morphological plasticity and homeoplasy in this taxon, there is an urgent need of further molecular studies to validate these lineages.

For the present assessment all Unio mancus lineages including Unio elongatulus will be considered as synonyms, for the entire distribution range.

" 164866,Unio terminalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,terminalis,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1852","

There are two recognized subspecies (Kinzelbach 1987): Unio terminalis terminalis from the Jordan catchment and Unio terminalis delicatus from the Orontes catchment and coastal rivers of Israel, Lebanon and Syria. 

" 177911,Pseuderemias striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pseuderemias,striatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)","Literature references differ on the correct gender of the species name; both striata and striatus are used, the former more commonly, however, the species appears to have been described as striatus (see list of basionyms in Uetz and Hallerman 2012). Parker (1942) raises doubts about the validity of this species, noting its similarity to Pseuderemias brenneri. He declines to take formal taxonomic action on the basis that ""certain differences ... have not yet been shown to be invalid, and a conservative attitude has been adopted until more definitive evidence is forthcoming"". The taxonomy of this species does not appear to have been subject to any subsequent investigation and so its validity must still be considered uncertain pending further research." 174128,Panaspis wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,wilsoni,,,,,"(Werner, 1919)", 178236,Lygodactylus picturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,picturatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)","The complicated nomenclatural history of the name Lygodactylus picturatus is discussed by Röll (2000). This author rejects the poorly-substantiated proposal by Pasteur (1965) that the holotype represents the species now known as L. mombasicus, and considers this author's name L. luteopicturatus to be a junior synonym of L. picturatus: Spawls et al. (2018) concur that L. luteopicturatus is ""almost certainly"" a junior synonym of L. picturatus, and this scheme is followed here. The combination Lygodactylus sudanensis is used in the key by Largen (1997) and by Largen and Spawls (2010), in both cases without justification; this was subsequently followed by Spawls et al. (2018). This account follows the generally accepted concept of Lygodactylus picturatus, including the two subspecies L. p. picturatus and L. p. sudanensis. The status of L. p. zanzibaritis requires clarification: this former subspecies of L. luteopicturatus is accepted as a subspecies of L. picturatus by Spawls et al. (2018), but was not explicitly discussed by Röll (2004). Two previously accepted subspecies, L. p. gutturalis and L. p. mombasicus, are now regarded as a full species." 178693,Leptosiaphos aloysiisabaudiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,aloysiisabaudiae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1907)","It is thought that populations of Leptosiaphos aloysiisabaudiae from Nigeria and Cameroon may represent a separate, undescribed species (Chirio and LeBreton 2007)." 42482664,Cyrtodactylus derongo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,derongo,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1973", 42482687,Cyrtodactylus loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,loriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","Cyrtodactylus loriae is considered to be a species complex; in this account, ""true"" C. loriae is considered to range from the Owen Stanley Range to Milne Bay, with records elsewhere attributed to undescribed members of the complex. It is likely that even this restricted concept of C. loriae includes populations attributable to two different taxa (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2015)." 42482702,Cyrtodactylus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,marmoratus,,,,,"Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon, 1831","Records from New Guinea are in error, reflecting confusion with C. mimikanus (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2015). C. marmoratus as previously understood is a species complex composed of many species, only some of which have been described (e.g. C. sadleiri from Christmas Island, C. deveti from Halmahera Island and Morotai Island, C. halmahericus from Halmahera and Saram islands). Additional species are likely to be described from other parts of the range (J. McGuire and D. Iskandar per. comm. 2017)." 42482713,Cyrtodactylus mimikanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,mimikanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)","

Specimens referred to Cyrtodactylus mimikanus collected at Yongsu, Cyclops Mountains, Foja Mountains, Wapoga River Basin, and the Mamberamo Basin (all in Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea) represent an undescribed species (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2014). This other taxon also occurs in the far northwest of Papua New Guinea (Kraus and Allison 2006, Rösler et al. 2007, Oliver et al. 2011, P. Oliver. pers. coms. 2014).    

" 42482750,Cyrtodactylus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,papuensis,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1934)","Populations from Raja Ampas, Geelvink Bay area and elsewhere on the Vogelkop Peninsula appear to represent a different species (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2014), but taxonomic action is not likely to be undertaken in the near future (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2016). These populations are consequently retained within Cyrtodactylus papuensis until further research clarifies species limits within this group." 42482814,Gehyra baliola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,baliola,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)","Records attributed to Gehyra baliola from the Australian mainland are doubtful, as there has been no recent revision to clarify their identity. Available keys are not helpful in verifying the identity of these specimens (C. Hoskin and P. Couper pers. comm. 2017) and an undescribed species sometimes referred to G. baliola is known to occur at the northern tip of Cape York (C. Hoskin pers. comm. 2017)." 42482860,Gehyra marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,marginata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 42482891,Gehyra papuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,papuana,,,,,"Meyer, 1874","The taxonomy of this species complex, encompassing the names Gehyra papuana, G. interstitialis and G. lampei has long been intractable. In common with Brongersma (1934) recent workers provisionally assign all medium-sized Gehyra from mainland New Guinea to a single taxon under the name G. papuana (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2014). Genetic work is presently underway to clarify the status of populations from the north and east of New Guinea included here within G. papuana (P. Oliver unpubl. data), and four different clades have so far been identified within this complex (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2016). The status of southern populations is in need of clarification once genetic material becomes available (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2014)." 42482902,Gehyra angusticaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,angusticaudatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1963)", 42482920,Gehyra catenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,catenata,,,,,"Low, 1979", 42482931,Lepidodactylus browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,browni,,,,,"Pernetta & Black, 1983", 42482942,Lepidodactylus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,intermedius,,,,,"Darevsky, 1964", 42482953,Lepidodactylus lombocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,lombocensis,,,,,"Mertens, 1929", 42483000,Lepidodactylus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,pumilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)","Oliver et al. (2018) found a deep genetic divergence within this species, suggesting that further taxonomic research is needed and that this may be a complex of two species." 42483043,Lepidodactylus yami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,yami,,,,,"Ota, 1987","The first modern revision of Philippine Lepidodactylus, focused on the L. balioburius-yami clade, found that these exhibited limited genetic distance from one another and that samples from Sabtang were less genetically distinct from L. yami than from topotypical L. balioburius despite closer geographical proximity to the latter (Eliades et al. 2021). These authors noted that prior work had been unable to identify unambiguous morphological traits that can distinguish the two taxa. Eliades et al. (2021) refrained from taking taxonomic action due to limited sample sizes for L. yami, but suggested that the two nominal species may be conspecific." 42483075,Lialis burtonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Lialis,burtonis,,,,,"Gray, 1834", 42483120,Carlia amax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,amax,,,,,"Storr, 1974",A divergent population of this species is known from the English Company Islands (Craig Moritz pers. comm. 2017). 42483155,Carlia babarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,babarensis,,,,,"(Kopstein, 1926)", 42483175,Carlia beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,beccarii,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 42483255,Carlia decora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,decora,,,,,"Hoskin & Couper, 2012", 42483315,Carlia longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,longipes,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)","Zug et al. (2004) assigned New Guinean records of this species to the new taxa Carlia aenigma and C. aramia, restricting C. longipes to northern and northeastern Australia. On the basis of mitochondrial, allozyme and morphological data, Donnellan et al. (2009) subsequently authors assigned records from the Northern Territory, the northern Cape York Peninsula and the Torres Strait islands to a distinct species, for which the name Carlia sexdentata was available, and several records from Darnley Island to a third species, Carlia quinquecarinata." 42483359,Lygisaurus macfarlani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,macfarlani,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","Work is underway to attempt to resolve the systematics of this taxon, which is thought to represent a species complex (C. Hoskin pers. comm. 2017)." 42483425,Carlia storri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,storri,,,,,"Ingram & Covacevich, 1989", 42483515,Cryptoblepharus furvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,furvus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 42483534,Cryptoblepharus litoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,litoralis,,,,,"(Mertens, 1958)",There are three subspecies. 42483576,Cryptoblepharus virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,virgatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1901)", 42483618,Cryptoblepharus yulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,yulensis,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 42483635,Cryptoblepharus zoticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,zoticus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 42483653,Cryptoblepharus wulbu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,wulbu,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 42483674,Ctenotus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,robustus,,,,,"Storr, 1970","A recent genetic study by Rabosky et al. (2014) found Ctenotus robustus, formerly understood to be a wide-ranging Australian and New Guinean species, to be a polyphyletic species consisting of at least two major clades in Australia (genetic studies of New Guinean and Cape York populations have not been undertaken - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017), one of which was genetically close to C. spaldingi. Accordingly, Rabosky et al. (2014) synonymized eastern populations within C. spaldingi and applied the name C. robustus to the clade containing Northern Territory and Western Australian populations.

While this treatment resolved polyphyly within C. robustus, both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues remain, as the resulting concepts of C. spaldingi and C. robustus cannot be distinguished morphologically (Rabosky et al. 2014 did not fully redescribe either species, and their comparative diagnosis provided no distinguishing characters other than a slight difference in size). Additionally, in view of uncertainty over the provenance of the C. robustus holotype (Rabosky et al. 2014), it is uncertain to which clade the name C. robustus properly belongs (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017).

In order to retain taxonomic stability pending resolution of these issues, this account adopts a traditional concept of C. robustus as a widespread Australian species following Cogger (2014), while noting that at least two species are likely to be included under this name." 42483695,Ctenotus spaldingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,spaldingi,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)","A recent genetic study by Rabosky et al. (2014) found Ctenotus robustus, formerly understood to be a wide-ranging Australian and New Guinean species, to be a polyphyletic species consisting of at least two major clades in Australia (genetic studies of New Guinean and Cape York populations have not been undertaken - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017), one of which was genetically close to C. spaldingi. Accordingly, Rabosky et al. (2014) synonymized eastern populations within C. spaldingi and applied the name C. robustus to the clade containing Northern Territory and Western Australian populations.

While this treatment resolved polyphyly within C. robustus, both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues remain, as the resulting concepts of C. spaldingi and C. robustus cannot be distinguished morphologically (Rabosky et al. 2014 did not fully redescribe either species, and their comparative diagnosis provided no distinguishing characters other than a slight difference in size). Additionally, in view of uncertainty over the provenance of the C. robustus holotype (Rabosky et al. 2014), it is uncertain to which clade the name C. robustus properly belongs (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017).

In order to retain taxonomic stability pending resolution of these issues, this account adopts a traditional concept of C. spaldingi following Cogger (2014)." 42483725,Bellatorias frerei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Bellatorias,frerei,,,,,"(Günther, 1897)",Differences between populations from New Guinea and Cape York and those from the remainder of the species' Australian range suggest that this taxon may be a species complex (G. Shea and A. Allison pers. comm. 2014). 42484113,Emoia digul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,digul,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484191,Emoia kuekenthali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,kuekenthali,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 42484205,Emoia laobaoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,laobaoense,,,,,"Bourret, 1937", 42484219,Emoia longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,longicauda,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 42484379,Emoia reimschisseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,reimschisseli,,,,,"Tanner, 1950","Distribution suggests that this may be a species complex or populations may be introduced (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). How et al. (1998) reports that the specimen from Selaru differs morphologically from the range of characters in this species' description, but that describing it as a distinct taxon would be premature as only a single specimen is known." 42484396,Emoia similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,similis,,,,,"Dunn, 1927","Leiolopisma sembalunicum, described from Lombok, is presently a junior synonym of this taxon. Material has not recently been collected from Lombok and the status of this taxon is in need of clarification." 42484406,Emoia sorex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,sorex,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 42484604,Eugongylus mentovarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eugongylus,mentovarius,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 42484620,Eugongylus sulaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eugongylus,sulaensis,,,,,"(Kopstein, 1927)", 42484646,Fojia bumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Fojia,bumi,,,,,"Greer & Simon, 1982", 42484658,Glaphyromorphus clandestinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,clandestinus,,,,,"Hoskin & Couper, 2004", 42484666,Glaphyromorphus cracens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,cracens,,,,,"(Greer, 1985)", 42484682,Glaphyromorphus darwiniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,darwiniensis,,,,,"(Storr, 1967)", 42484696,Glaphyromorphus fuscicaudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,fuscicaudis,,,,,"(Greer, 1979)", 42484712,Glaphyromorphus mjobergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,mjobergi,,,,,"(Lönnberg & Andersson, 1915)", 42484726,Glaphyromorphus nigricaudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,nigricaudis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 42484739,Glaphyromorphus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,pumilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 42484753,Glaphyromorphus punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,punctulatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 42484794,Lipinia cheesmanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,cheesmanae,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)", 42484805,Lipinia inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,inexpectata,,,,,"Das & Austin, 2007", 42484840,Lipinia nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,nitens,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 42484865,Lipinia occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,occidentalis,,,,,"Günther, 2000", 42484900,Lipinia relicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,relicta,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1892)", 42484929,Lipinia surda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,surda,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 42484950,Lipinia vittigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,vittigera,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 42485012,Nubeoscincus stellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nubeoscincus,stellaris,,,,,"(Greer, Allison & Cogger, 2005)", 42485101,Prasinohaema parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Prasinohaema,parkeri,,,,,"(Smith, 1937)", 42485116,Prasinohaema semoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Prasinohaema,semoni,,,,,"(Oudemans, 1894)", 42485171,Sphenomorphus anotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,anotus,,,,,"Greer, 1973","The disjunct distribution of this species, with no records from well-surveyed intervening areas, suggests that it may be a species complex (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). It is not presently possible to clarify the taxonomy of Sphenomorphus anotus, as specimens from all localities are morphologically similar and genetic material is available from only one population (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015)." 42485207,Sphenomorphus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,cinereus,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1974", 42485242,Sphenomorphus forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,forbesi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","Recent collections containing significant numbers of small Sphenomorphus have allowed a preliminary investigation of this species' taxonomy (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). The results suggest that this species exhibits high levels of genetic diversity, even between nearby populations at different elevations (including low- and higher-elevation samples from the type locality) (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). Additionally, every known local population can be distinguished by at least one consistent morphological character (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). It is therefore likely that S. forbesi represents a species complex, and further work is required to clarify species limits within this group." 42485275,Sphenomorphus granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,granulatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 178466,Sphenomorphus microtympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,microtympanum,,,,,"Greer, 1973", 42485559,Sphenomorphus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,muelleri,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Sphenomorphus muelleri is a species complex whose taxonomy has not been the subject of significant published research for over a century, although multiple morphotypes have long been recognized (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). Differences between these morphotypes allow names to be assigned to each once their taxonomy is clarified, and to determine that ""true"" S. muelleri is the name applicable to subpopulations ranging to the west the type locality (Lobo in Triton Bay), mainly along the Vogelkop Peninsula.

To date, the only one of these taxa to have been formally removed from synonymy is S. latifasciatus. The name S. englishi is available for the morphotype found across most of the New Guinea mainland, but requires formal elevation from synonymy (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). Records from Maluku and the Aru Islands represent an additional undescribed species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015)." 42485595,Sphenomorphus oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,oligolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)",Further research is needed to clarify whether the wide but apparently discontinuous distribution of this species reflects cryptic diversity. It is possible that Sphenomorphus oligolepis sensu stricto may have a restricted range in the area of the Mimika River type locality (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). 42485608,Sphenomorphus papuae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,papuae,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1928)","This is a species complex, and taxonomic research is presently underway (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019)." 42485651,Sphenomorphus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,undulatus,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 42485677,Varanus beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,beccarii,,,,,"(Doria, 1874)", 42485692,Varanus bogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,bogerti,,,,,"Mertens, 1950", 42485718,Varanus kordensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,kordensis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 42485731,Varanus macraei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,macraei,,,,,"Böhme & Jacobs, 2001", 42485740,Varanus panoptes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,panoptes,,,,,"Storr, 1980","This species has three recognized subspecies: Varanus panoptes panoptes Storr, 1980, V. p. rubidus Storr, 1980 and V. p. horni Böhme, 1988. Molecular evidence suggests that at least the two Australian subspecies may be specifically distinct (S. Keogh and S. Donnellan, unpubl. data)" 42485766,Varanus reisingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,reisingeri,,,,,"Eidenmüller & Wicker, 2005",The taxonomic validity of this species remains uncertain because diagnostic morphological characters largely overlap with Varanus prasinus from New Guinea (Koch et al. 2010). 42485775,Varanus salvadorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,salvadorii,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 42491982,Dendrelaphis gastrostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,gastrostictus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)","Although this species was found to exhibit neither morphological nor geographic variation by van Rooijen et al. (2015), M. O'Shea (unpubl. data) comments that it may represent a species complex." 42492034,Dendrelaphis girii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,girii,,,,,"Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2011","Dendrelaphis girii was described based on the holotype from Castle Rock, Karnataka and five paratypes from Goa, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, India (Vogel and Van Rooijen in 2011). This species had previously been confused with D. bifrenalis, a species now understood to be endemic to Sri Lanka (Vogel and Van Rooijen 2011)." 42492078,Dendrelaphis grismeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,grismeri,,,,,"Vogel & Van Rooijen, 2008", 42492116,Dendrelaphis inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,inornatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 42492158,Dendrelaphis modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,modestus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 42492191,Dendrelaphis nigroserratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,nigroserratus,,,,,"Vogel, Van Rooijen & Hauser, 2012","This species closely-resembles Dendrelaphis cyanochloris, with which it is sympatric in at least part of its Thai range (Vogel et al. 2012). A record from western Thailand reported by Pauwels et al. (2003) that these authors attributed to D. cyanochloris was found to represent D. nigroserratus by Vogel et al. (2012)." 42492237,Dendrelaphis papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,papuensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895","The taxonomy of Dendrelaphis snakes has long been poorly-resolved, and has further been confused in the Australo-Papuan region by varied taxonomic treatments involving as many as 28 nominal taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) (van Rooijen et al. 2015). Dendrelaphis calligaster alone was recognized as containing six subspecies by Meise and Hennig (1932), all which were subsequently treated as full species (see discussion in van Rooijen et al. 2015). While recognizing that the status of many of these taxa was uncertain, Cogger et al. (1983) synonymized these taxa and D. lineolatus within D. calligaster; two of these (D. salomonis and D. papuensis) were revalidated the following year by McDowell (1984).

Van Rooijen et al. (2015) attempted the most comprehensive morphological revision of Australo-Papuan Dendrelaphis to date, based on a sample of 171 museum specimens from New Guinea, Australia and Palau and including type specimens for 20 of the nominal taxa (no types surviving for four others, and the remainder being examined based on photographs as the specimens were unavailable). This work confirmed the validity of Dendrelaphis papuensis, but suggested that the species may have a more restricted distribution than previously assumed." 42492396,Dendrelaphis schokari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,schokari,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","van Rooijen and Vogel (2008) resurrected Dendrelaphis schokari from synonymy with D. tristis on morphological grounds, applying this name to a number of records from Sri Lanka and five from the Western Ghats in southwest India. Shortly thereafter, van Rooijen and Vogel (2009) determined that Indian records represented a distinct species, and that the name Dendrelaphis chairecacos was available for these populations." 42492434,Dendrelaphis terrificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,terrificus,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)", 42492450,Stegonotus batjanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,batjanensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)", 42492463,Stegonotus cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,cucullatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 42492478,Stegonotus diehli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,diehli,,,,,"Lindholm, 1905","Kaiser et al. (2018) note that one of the diagnostic characters used to identify juvenile Stegonotus diehli is not reliable, and ""do not believe that this name has been applied consistently or with the data from the holotype in mind"". Although Kaiser et al. (2018) treat this species as valid they do not characterize its distribution (which they indicate is the subject of ongoing research) and the only specimen they attribute to this species is the holotype, and note that work is in preparation to clarify the identity of S. diehli sensu stricto." 42492489,Stegonotus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895","Records of Stegonotus guentheri away from Milne Bay have been reported from several offshore islands, but are thought likely to be misidentifications (M. O'Shea pers. comm. 2015). Research is underway to clarify the complicated taxonomy of Stegonotus and will reexamine these island specimens (C. Kaiser in prep.). Until this work is complete this account follows O'Shea (1996) in considering S. guentheri endemic to Milne Bay." 42492506,Stegonotus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,parvus,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)","McDowell (1972) examined three specimens from New Britain and Duke of York Island that he tentatively reported as ""Stegonotus spec. cf. parvus"", based on a hemipenal character and unusually high ventral counts in the two male specimens. While he considered this form likely to represent a distinct species, he declined to take taxonomic action on the basis that further material from New Britain may reveal that this simply reflects geographical variation within typical S. parvus. Recently Kaiser et al. (2018) revised the taxonomy of Stegonotus, and assigned a neotype for this species. These authors did not characterize the distribution of this species, and indicate that this is the subject of ongoing research (Kaiser et al. 2018). Pending the completion of this work, this account applies the previously-understood concept of this species' distribution." 42492548,Tropidonophis doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,doriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 42492561,Tropidonophis halmahericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,halmahericus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 42492654,Tropidonophis truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,truncatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 42492692,Cylindrophis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,boulengeri,,,,,"Roux, 1911", 42492703,Cylindrophis isolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,isolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 42492726,Cylindrophis melanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,melanotus,,,,,"Wagler, 1830","This species lacks a traceable type specimen and the proposed holotype has been assigned to this taxon incorrectly, complicating resolution of taxonomic issues within this likely species complex (Kieckbusch et al. 2018)." 42492736,Cylindrophis opisthorhodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,opisthorhodus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 42492746,Cylindrophis yamdena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,yamdena,,,,,"Smith & Sidik, 1998", 42492756,Acanthophis antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,antarcticus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)","Longstanding taxonomic issues (summarized by Wüster et al. 2005) exist within Acanthophis , with the names A. praelongus and A. antarcticus having been widely used to encompass both Australian and New Guinean taxa, including a number of Australian populations flagged as being distinct (Wüster et al. 2005). These authors provide the first modern phylogenetic framework for analyzing variation in the genus, and attribute Northern Territory and northern Queensland representatives of their 'clade A1' to the Acanthophis rugosus complex, a form shared with New Guinea and previously treated as a subspecies of A. antarcticus. This clade is itself divided into two broadly sympatric forms and Wüster et al. (2005) note that the oldest name available for the second clade is Acanthophis hawkei. Although these authors refrain from considering this taxon a separate species and no subsequent taxonomic work appears to have validated it, Threatened Species Scientific Committee (2012) state that ""[Acanthophis hawkei] is conventionally accepted as a distinct species"". Detailed systematic research is required to resolve outstanding issues within this complex, as molecular approaches alone may be insufficient and a number of candidate species within the group exhibit sympatric or parapatric distributions (Wüster et al. 2005)." 42492770,Acanthophis hawkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,hawkei,,,,,"Wells & Welington, 1985","Longstanding taxonomic issues (summarized by Wüster et al. 2005) exist within Acanthophis , with the names A. praelongus and A. antarcticus having been widely used to encompass both Australian and New Guinean taxa, including a number of Australian populations flagged as being distinct (Wüster et al. 2005). These authors provide the first modern phylogenetic framework for analyzing variation in the genus, and attribute Northern Territory and northern Queensland representatives of their 'clade A1' to the Acanthophis rugosus complex, a form shared with New Guinea and previously treated as a subspecies of A. antarcticus. This clade is itself divided into two broadly sympatric forms and Wüster et al. (2005) note that the oldest name available for the second clade is Acanthophis hawkei. Although these authors refrain from considering this taxon a separate species and no subsequent taxonomic work appears to have validated it, Threatened Species Scientific Committee (2012) state that ""[Acanthophis hawkei] is conventionally accepted as a distinct species"". Detailed systematic research is required to resolve outstanding issues within this complex, as molecular approaches alone may be insufficient and a number of candidate species within the group exhibit sympatric or parapatric distributions (Wüster et al. 2005)." 42492787,Acanthophis praelongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,praelongus,,,,,"Ramsay, 1877","The diagnostic features of this species were poorly-described (P. Couper pers. comm. 2017), and it may form a cline of variation between A. rugosus to the north and A. antarcticus to the south (Wüster et al. 2005). Longstanding taxonomic issues (summarized by Wüster et al. 2005) exist within Acanthophis, with the names A. praelongus and A. antarcticus having been widely used to encompass both Australian and New Guinean taxa, including a number of Australian populations flagged as being distinct (Wüster et al. 2005). These authors provide the first modern phylogenetic framework for analyzing variation in the genus, and attribute Northern Territory and northern Queensland representatives of their 'clade A1' to the Acanthophis rugosus complex, a form shared with New Guinea and previously treated as a subspecies of A. antarcticus. This clade is itself divided into two broadly sympatric forms and Wüster et al. (2005) note that the oldest name available for the second clade is Acanthophis hawkei. Although these authors refrain from considering this taxon a separate species and no subsequent taxonomic work appears to have validated it, Threatened Species Scientific Committee (2012) state that ""[Acanthophis hawkei] is conventionally accepted as a distinct species"". Detailed systematic research is required to resolve outstanding issues within this complex, as molecular approaches alone may be insufficient and a number of candidate species within the group exhibit sympatric or parapatric distributions (Wüster et al. 2005)." 42492797,Acanthophis pyrrhus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,pyrrhus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 42492807,Acanthophis wellsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,wellsi,,,,,"Hoser, 1998", 42492861,Cryptophis nigrostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cryptophis,nigrostriatus,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)", 42492878,Cryptophis boschmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cryptophis,boschmai,,,,,"(Brongersma & Knaap van Meeuven, 1961)", 42492897,Cryptophis incredibilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cryptophis,incredibilis,,,,,"(Wells & Wellington, 1985)", 42492909,Cryptophis nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cryptophis,nigrescens,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 42492929,Demansia angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,angusticeps,,,,,"(Macleay, 1888)", 42492941,Demansia calodera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,calodera,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 42492951,Demansia flagellatio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,flagellatio,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 42492959,Demansia olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,olivacea,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 42492975,Demansia papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,papuensis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 42492989,Demansia psammophis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,psammophis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Demansia reticulata reticulata and D. reticulata cupreiceps have long been considered subspecies of Demansia psammophis, in part following Storr et al. (1986). This treatment was followed by Wilson and Swan (2013) while Cogger (2014) recognized only D. r. reticulata as being distinct from D. psammophis. These arrangements neglect evidence presented by Hutchinson and Tyler (1996) that D. psammophis and D. reticulata (=D. r. cupreiceps of Storr 1978) co-occur in the Flinders Ranges with no evidence of intergradation. This suggests a species boundary exists between between D. psammophis and D. r. cupreiceps, and the most recent treatments follow Storr (1978) in treating D. reticulata, including D. r. cupreiceps, as a species distinct from D. psammophis (e.g. Wallach et al. 2014)." 42493005,Demansia quaesitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,quaesitor,,,,,"Shea, 2007", 42493013,Demansia rimicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,rimicola,,,,,"Scanlon, 2007", 42493021,Demansia rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,rufescens,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 42493035,Demansia shinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,shinei,,,,,"Shea, 2007", 42493043,Demansia simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,simplex,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 42493053,Demansia vestigiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,vestigiata,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)", 42493070,Furina barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Furina,barnardi,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1939)",There is a degree of taxonomic uncertainty about this species (S. Wilson pers. comm. 2017). 42493084,Furina diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Furina,diadema,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)",The boundary between this species and Furina ornata is poorly defined and requires resolution both geographically and taxonomically (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Numerous intermediate forms exist. 42493098,Furina ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Furina,ornata,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)",The boundary between this species and Furina diadema is poorly defined and requires resolution both geographically and taxonomically (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Numerous intermediate forms exist. 42493112,Furina tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Furina,tristis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 42493131,Micropechis ikaheka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micropechis,ikaheka,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)", 42493150,Oxyuranus microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Oxyuranus,microlepidotus,,,,,"(McCoy, 1879)", 42493166,Oxyuranus scutellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Oxyuranus,scutellatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 42493183,Oxyuranus temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Oxyuranus,temporalis,,,,,"Doughty, Maryan, Donnellan & Hutchinson, 2007","Sometimes confused with Psedonaja mengdeni, an therefore probably under-recorded." 42493195,Pseudechis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,australis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 42493217,Pseudechis butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,butleri,,,,,"Smith, 1982", 42493229,Pseudechis colletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,colletti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 42493239,Pseudechis guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,guttatus,,,,,"De Vis, 1905", 42493251,Pseudechis pailsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,pailsi,,,,,"(Hoser, 1998)","This species was described (as Pseudechis pailsei, later emended to pailsi - Wüster et al. 2001) from Queensland and the assignment of Northern Territory records, which were found to be significantly genetically different by Wüster et al. (2005), to this species has been considered tentative. This issue is further complicated by the taxonomy of this and several related 'pygmy mulga snakes' (Pseudechis australis group), three of which (P. rossignoli, P. pailsi and P. weigeli) were described outside the peer-reviewed literature and between which species limits have subsequently been unclear (Wüster et al. 2005, Kuch et al. 2005, Maddock et al. 2017). The original description of P. pailsei was made without reference to the earlier description of Cannia weigeli, and supposedly diagnostic features of these forms appear to be identical (Wüster et al. 2001). Maddock et al. (2017) conducted a wide-ranging genetic study of this group in an effort to clarify species delimitation. These authors caution that their sampling is limited, but their results provisionally support recognition of P. pailsi, P. weigeli and P. rossignoli as distinct species, and of a tenth species they refer to as 'NT dwarf form' which appears to correspond to Northern Territory records previously assigned to P. pailsi. These authors' sampling only included three samples of P. pailsi and they acknowledge that additional data is required to confirm specific status for both the Northern Territory form (which was recovered as the sister taxon to P. pailsi) and P. weigeli. No attempt has been made to characterize morphological differences between these three putative taxa (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 42493263,Pseudechis papuanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,papuanus,,,,,"Peters & Doria, 1878", 42493274,Pseudechis porphyriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,porphyriacus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)", 42493288,Pseudechis rossignolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,rossignolii,,,,,"(Hoser, 2000)","

The systematics of Pseudechis are quite unsettled and it is possible that Pseudechis rossignolii may turn out to be conspecific with an Australian taxon (Allison 2006). Molecular research suggests that P. rossignoli is likely to be valid (Wüster et al. 2005) and it was found to be strongly supported (albeit on the basis of limiting sampling) by Maddock et al. (2017). Wüster et al. (2005) note, however, that the species was described on the basis of ""inadequate character evidence"" and so a formal re-description may be required.

" 42493301,Pseudechis weigeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudechis,weigeli,,,,,"(Wells & Wellington, 1987)","The taxonomy of this and several related 'pygmy mulga snakes' (Pseudechis australis group) has been complicated to resolve, in part because three of these species (P. rossignoli, P. pailsi and P. weigeli) were described outside the peer-reviewed literature species limits have subsequently been unclear (Wüster et al. 2005, Kuch et al. 2005, Maddock et al. 2017).  The original description of P. pailsei (=P. pailsi - Wüster et al. 2001) was made without reference to the earlier description of Cannia weigeli, and supposedly diagnostic features of these forms appear to be identical (Wüster et al. 2001). Maddock et al. (2017) conducted the first wide-ranging genetic study of this group in an effort to clarify species delimitation within the P. australis group. These authors caution that their sampling is limited, but their results provisionally support recognition of P. pailsi, P. weigeli and P. rossignoli as distinct species, and of a tenth species they refer to as 'NT dwarf form' which appears to correspond to Northern Territory records previously assigned to P. pailsi. These authors' sampling only included three samples of P. pailsi and they acknowledge that additional data is required to confirm specific status for both the Northern Territory form (which was recovered as the sister taxon to P. pailsi) and P. weigeli. No attempt has been made to characterize morphological differences between these three putative taxa (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 42493315,Pseudonaja textilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,textilis,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 42493861,Toxicocalamus buegersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,buegersi,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1913)", 42493892,Toxicocalamus holopelturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,holopelturus,,,,,"McDowell, 1969", 42493911,Toxicocalamus longissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,longissimus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 42493957,Toxicocalamus preussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,preussi,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1913)", 42493983,Toxicocalamus stanleyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,stanleyanus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 42493996,Leiopython montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Leiopython,montanus,,,,,"Schleip, 2014","The original description of this taxon erroneously applied the name Leiopython albertisii bennetti, in contravention of nomenclatural rules regarding the use of eponyms referring to more than one person, and was emended to bennettorum by Wüster et al. (2001). Schleip (2008) elevated the taxon to specific status. The validity of the original description has, however, been questioned (Kaiser et al. 2013) on the basis that it appears not to have been validly published. Subsequently, Schleip (2014) proposed the new name Leiopython montanus for this taxon, which was accepted by Barker et al. (2015), and this account follows this arrangement.

No genetic revision of Leiopython has been undertaken, with several species (L. biakensis, L. fredparkeri, L. huonensis and L. montanus) having recently been described only from museum material, none with collection dates more recent than 1967. Live specimens are known only for L. albertsii and L. meridionalis, in part due to the difficulty of tracing specimens from remote areas of New Guinea (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2018). The validity of these taxa must consequently be considered uncertain." 42494009,Leiopython biakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Leiopython,biakensis,,,,,"Schleip, 2008","No genetic revision of Leiopython has been undertaken, with several recent species (L. biakensis, L. fredparkeri, L. huonensis and L. montanus) having been described only from museum material, none with collection dates more recent than 1967. Live specimens are known only for L. albertsii and L. meridionalis, in part due to the difficulty of tracing specimens from remote areas of New Guinea (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2018). The validity of these taxa must consequently be considered uncertain." 42494018,Leiopython fredparkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Leiopython,fredparkeri,,,,,"Schleip, 2008","No genetic revision of Leiopython has been undertaken, with several species (L. biakensis, L. fredparkeri, L. huonensis and L. montanus) having recently been described only from museum material, none with collection dates more recent than 1967. Live specimens are known only for L. albertsii and L. meridionalis, in part due to the difficulty of tracing specimens from remote areas of New Guinea (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2018). The validity of these taxa must consequently be considered uncertain." 42494027,Leiopython meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Leiopython,meridionalis,,,,,"Schleip, 2014","The validity of the name Leiopython hoserae, used both in the original description (Hoser 2000) and the subsequent formal recognition of this taxon as a full species (Schleip 2008), has been questioned on the basis that the original description - which was not widely accepted (Schleip 2008) - appears not to have been validly published (Kaiser et al. 2013). Subsequently, Schleip (2014) proposed the new name Leiopython meridionalis for this taxon, subsequently accepted by Barker et al. (2015), and this account follows this arrangement." 42494036,Leiopython huonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Leiopython,huonensis,,,,,"Schleip, 2008","No genetic revision of Leiopython has been undertaken, with several species (L. biakensis, L. fredparkeri, L. huonensis and L. montanus) having recently been described only from museum material, none with collection dates more recent than 1967. Live specimens are known only for L. albertsii and L. meridionalis, in part due to the difficulty of tracing specimens from remote areas of New Guinea (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2018). The validity of these taxa must consequently be considered uncertain." 42494046,Simalia boeleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Simalia,boeleni,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1953)", 42494066,Morelia bredli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Morelia,bredli,,,,,"(Gow, 1981)","This species is closely allied to, and sometimes treated as a subspecies of, Morelia spilota (Cogger 2014). Pending resolution of the systematics of the Morelia spilota group, and due to the geographic separation of the two taxa, this account follows Cogger (2014) in treating M. bredli as a full species. Barker and Barker (1994) refer a specimen from the Tanami Desert to M. bredli that exhibits intermediate characters between M. bredli and M. spilota variegata. Genetic material is not available to confirm this assignment and pending resolution of the taxonomy of this species group the Tanami record, which is some way to the north of the known range of M. bredli, is not considered in this assessment." 42494086,Morelia carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Morelia,carinata,,,,,"(Smith, 1981)", 42494100,Simalia clastolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Simalia,clastolepis,,,,,"(Harvey, Barker, Ammerman & Chippindale, 2000)", 42494136,Simalia nauta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Simalia,nauta,,,,,"(Harvey, Barker, Ammerman & Chippindale, 2000)", 42494211,Simalia oenpelliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Simalia,oenpelliensis,,,,,"(Gow, 1977)", 42494277,Simalia tracyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Simalia,tracyae,,,,,"(Harvey, Barker, Ammerman & Chippindale, 2000)", 42494505,Anilios leucoproctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,leucoproctus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 42494735,Sundatyphlops polygrammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Sundatyphlops,polygrammicus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)","Hedges et al. (2014) found that Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus was polyphyletic, with the nominate form (which has a type locality on Timor) being appropriately assigned to their new genus Sundatyphlops, while Australian samples nested within the Australian radiation Anilios. These authors identify two potentially diagnostic morphological characters for the Australian taxon, for which the only available name is Typhlops torresianus (described from Murray Island). Hedges et al. (2014) caution that future taxonomic work is likely to reveal that the remaining populations retained within S. polygrammicus may represent distinct species, based on their occurrence on separate islands and some morphological differences. Previous reviews of this taxon have used characters from multiple populations which are no longer included within this species, and a careful review of museum material assigned to S. polygrammicus is required (Hedges et al. 2014). As defined by Hedges et al. (2014), S. polygrammicus presently consists of five subspecies each from a different island following De Lang (2011), and these authors consider Typhlops soensis (from Timor) a junior synonym of S. p. polygrammicus." 42494750,Ramphotyphlops supranasalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,supranasalis,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1934)", 42495075,Gerrhopilus ceylonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,ceylonicus,,,,,"(Smith, 1943)",This is a species complex (M. Wickramasinghe and N. Wickramasinghe pers comm. 2019). 42495566,Gerrhopilus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,inornatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 197185,Gerrhopilus mirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,mirus,,,,,"(Jan, 1860)", 42495843,Pseudonaja affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,affinis,,,,,"Günther, 1872","The validity of subspecific divisions in this taxon are unclear, as they have not been supported by preliminary genetic data (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017)." 42495853,Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,aspidorhyncha,,,,,"(McCoy, 1879)", 42495873,Pseudonaja guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,guttata,,,,,"(Parker, 1926)", 42495889,Pseudonaja inframacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,inframacula,,,,,"(Waite, 1925)", 42495905,Pseudonaja ingrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,ingrami,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 42495921,Pseudonaja mengdeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,mengdeni,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 42495929,Pseudonaja modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,modesta,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 42495943,Pseudonaja nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Pseudonaja,nuchalis,,,,,"Günther, 1858","Taxonomic issues within Pseudonaja nuchalis, long considered to be a widespread Australian species, were first suggested by Mengden (1985). Mengden (1985) concluded that at least three, and potentially as many as nine, taxa exist within P. nuchalis, although he provided limited karyotypic and morphological data to enable the true number of species-level taxa included within this species complex to be critically evaluated (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Investigation of colour pattern variation (Bush 1989a,b, Orange 1992) demonstrated that at least some of this variation could not be used to delimit species within this group. Skinner et al. (2005) conducted the first molecular analysis of the putative species identified by Mengden (1985) and distinguished three distinct genetic lineages. Subsequently, Skinner (2009) used combined morphological and molecular data to recognize three distinct species: P. mengdeni, P. aspidorhyncha and P. nuchalis sensu stricto (the latter representing the northern ""Darwin morph"" of Mengden 1985). Sampling of all three taxa was limited for such a wide-ranging species complex and not fully consistent between the 2005 and 2009 studies, and neither study included specimens from Queensland or northern regions of Western Australia, while being limited for the Northern Territory (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). It is consequently unclear to which taxon the majority of records from northern Australia belong, and although Skinner (2009) referred a single historical specimen from the Stannery Hills in Queensland to the synonymy of P. nuchalis on the basis of morphology, this assignment was made without genetic data. Further complicating this situation is the lack of unequivocal diagnostic characters distinguishing P. nuchalis s.s. from P. mengdeni (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 178513,Afrotyphlops blanfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,blanfordii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 13155385,Pristurus phillipsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,phillipsii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 42566169,Aetobatus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,AETOBATIDAE,Aetobatus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1823)","Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) was previously considered to be an Indo-West and Central Pacific form of the wider ranging Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790). Comparative analysis of the morphology, molecular and parasite diversity has resulted in the redescription of A. ocellatus from tropical and warm-temperate waters of the Indian Ocean and West-Central Pacific Ocean with A. narinari being restricted to the Atlantic Ocean (Richards et al. 2009, White et al. 2010). Molecular analyses suggest greater levels of speciation within the Aetobatus genus, with distinguishable groups in the Western Indian Ocean and Northwest Pacific (Schluessel et al. 2010, White et al. 2010). Samples from Qatar cluster separately -- designated as A. cf. ocellatus 2 (D. Ebert pers. comm. 2017). This requires further examination to delineate species boundaries." 42568145,Cruriraja hulleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,hulleyi,,,,,"Aschliman, Ebert & Compagno, 2010","Smith (1964) redescribed Cruriraja parcomaculata from the Eastern Cape of South Africa, assuming that the Cruriraja present in the Western and Eastern Cape was the same as von Bonde and Swart's R. parcomaculata from KwaZulu-Natal (Compagno and Ebert 2007). Smith also described C. triangularis from two specimens off Durban, as distinct from C. parcomaculata Smith, 1964. Re-examination of the type material by Compagno and Ebert (2007) and Aschliman et al. (2010) found that C. triangularis Smith, 1964 is in fact a junior synonym of C. parcomaculata (von Bonde and Swart, 1923), and concluded that the Cruriraja species common along the south and west coasts referred to as C. parcomaculata was an undescribed species. Aschliman et al. (2010) after a reviewing these species described a new species C. hulleyi while synonymizing C. triangularis as a junior synonym of C. parcomaculata. Therefore, information on the life history and distribution of C. triangularis prior to 2010 should now be referred to as C. parcomaculata, and life history and distribution information previously referred to for west coast C. parcomaculata is referable to as C. hulleyi. See Aschliman et al. (2010) for further explanation of this issue." 176801,Duberria lutrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Duberria,lutrix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Seven subspecies have so far been described, however, a taxonomic review is required as some may represent full species (Spawls et al. 2018). Broadley et al. (2003) recognize D. l. shirana as the full species D. shirana, noting that ""many of the isolated populations of the north seem to represent good evolutionary species"". Largen and Spawls (2010) indicate that the name Duberria abyssinica would be applicable to another northern population, endemic to the Ethiopian highlands, if found to be distinct, but while noting that northern populations are ""almost certainly"" distinct species these authors prefer to apply the name D. lutrix to Ethiopian populations. Pending a formal revision that clarifies the distribution of true D. lutrix and other taxa within this species complex, we follow Largen and Spawls (2010) in retaining northern forms, including D. shirana and D. abyssinica, within D. lutrix.

Two allopatric subspecies of Duberria lutrix are recognized in southern Africa, namely D. l. lutrix (South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini (Swaziland)) and D. l. rhodesiana (Zimbabwe and Mozambique), but they are genetically deeply divergent and probably represent separate species (Bates et al. 2014). Broadley and Blaylock (2013) noted that molecular data suggests that most recognized subspecies of D. lutrix, extending from the Cape to Ethiopia—including D. l. rhodesiana—probably represent distinct species." 110133929,Limaformosa capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Limaformosa,capensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1847)","

Historically, Limaformosa [=Gonionotophis] capensis formed a species complex that including several subspecies (L. c. capensis, L. c. savorgnani, L. c. unicolor, L. c. chanleri, and L. c. fiechteri). Recent revisions (Lanza and Broadley 2014, Broadley et al. 2018) have elevated or reassigned all subspecies leaving Limaformosa capensis monotypic. 

" 176863,Meizodon plumbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Meizodon,plumbiceps,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)","This species was originally regarded as a subspecies of Meizodon semiornatus, but was elevated to full species status in 1982 (Spawls et al. 2002)." 176326,Aeluroglena cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Aeluroglena,cucullata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","The monotypic genus Aeluroglena is very similar to Meizodon, and further research may eventually show it to be indistinguishable (M. Largen pers. comm. 2008)." 176862,Gracililima nyassae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Gracililima,nyassae,,,,,"(Günther, 1888)","Formerly placed under Gonionotophis, this species has been transferred to the newly erected genus, Gracililima (Broadley et al. 2018)." 176814,Hemirhagerrhis hildebrandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Hemirhagerrhis,hildebrandtii,,,,,"(Peters, 1878)","This species was treated as a synonym of Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia until the revision of this genus by Broadley and Hughes (2000) resurrected it. This action was unfortunately not recognized by Spawls et al. (2002), who included records of H. hildebrandti from East Africa within their account for H. nototaenia, but has been followed by subsequent authors (e.g. Largen and Spawls 2010)." 18032730,Platyceps somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,somalicus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 177445,Prosymna ambigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,ambigua,,,,,"Bocage, 1873","This species has two subspecies: Prosymna a. ambigua Bocage, 1873 and P. ambigua bocagii (Boulenger, 1897)  P. stuhlmanni, formerly a subspecies of P. ambigua, is now generally considered a full species (e.g. Branch 1998, Broadley 1992, Uetz and Hallerman 2012, Spawls et al. 2018)." 177538,Elapsoidea chelazzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,chelazzii,,,,,"Lanza, 1979", 185658,Pseudagrion syriacum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,syriacum,,,,,"Selys, 1887","In the original description Selys (1887) placed this taxon as a 'race' (= subspecies) of his P. praetextatum Selys, 1876 which is a synonym of Agrion kersteni Gerstäcker, 1969 (Ris and Schmidt 1936). In fact, it is closely related to the latter species but deserves full specific status (Dumont 1974; Schneider 1986, 1987)." 59774,Somatochlora borisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,borisi,,,,,"Marinov, 2001","Marinov and Seidenbusch (2007) place this taxon in a new monotypic genus, Corduliochlora. We refrain from using Corduliochlora as long as no overall phylogenetic study of the Corduliidae has been undertaken." 42622224,Cobitis amphilekta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,amphilekta,,,,,"Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012", 165529,Chalcolestes viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Chalcolestes,viridis,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1825)","Both Lestes viridis and L. parvidens were moved to the genus Chalcolestes Kennedy, 1920, based on genetic analysis (Dumont pers. comm. 2007, Schorr and Paulson 2015).

Until ten years ago Chalcolestes parvidens was considered a subspecies of Chalcolestes viridis, but there is now a wide consensus that they should be considered separate species." 42685911,Brookesia brunoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,brunoi,,,,,"Crottini, Miralles, Glaw, Harris, Lima & Vences, 2012", 42686345,Brookesia confidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,confidens,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, Townsend & Vences, 2012", 42686901,Brookesia desperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,desperata,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, Townsend & Vences, 2012", 21132444,Acanthistius sebastoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Acanthistius,sebastoides,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 132764,Alphestes afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Alphestes,afer,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 198711,Anthias anthias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Anthias,anthias,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18179793,Aphanopus carbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Aphanopus,carbo,,,,,"Lowe, 1839", 21132672,Aphanopus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Aphanopus,intermedius,,,,,"Parin, 1983","Aphanopus intermedius is easily confused with A. carbo the areas where both species occur, because there are no conspicuous external characteristics that differentiate the two species (Nakamura and Parin 1993, Parin 1995). Biscoito et al. (2011), analysed both species in terms of genetic and morphological features and stated that they could not be correctly identified in a classical taxonomic way and a full separation of the two species could only be achieved through the use of a combination of morphometric and meristic characters in a numerical taxonomic approach.

Sequences of two markers (control region and cytochrome b) of A. intermedius from Angola were extremely similar to the A. carbo phylogroup corresponding with the southern coast of Pico Island, Azores, suggesting that the two species may exist in sympatry in the Azores (Stefanni and Knutsen 2007). Aphanopus carbo and A. intermedius differ by geographic distribution, maximum adult size and vertebral count; and external distinguishing characters are absent (Parin 1983, Stefanni and Knutsen 2007). A PCR-based method for the rapid identification of A. intermedius and A. carbo has recently been developed (Stefanni et al. 2009)." 21132290,Bembrops greyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Bembrops,greyi,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 21132305,Bembrops heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Bembrops,heterurus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1903)", 190176,Bonapartia pedaliota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Bonapartia,pedaliota,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 132742,Cephalopholis nigri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,nigri,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 132820,Cephalopholis taeniops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,taeniops,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 190384,Cubiceps caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Cubiceps,caeruleus,,,,,"Regan, 1914", 190300,Cyclothone alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,alba,,,,,"Brauer, 1906", 198757,Cyclothone braueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,braueri,,,,,"Jespersen & Tåning, 1926", 18252616,Cyclothone livida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,livida,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 190133,Cyclothone microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,microdon,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 21132825,Cyclothone obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,obscura,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 18252619,Cyclothone pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,pallida,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 18252629,Cyclothone pseudopallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,pseudopallida,,,,,"Mukhacheva, 1964", 18252702,Diplophos taenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Diplophos,taenia,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 18227119,Eurypharynx pelecanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,EURYPHARYNGIDAE,Eurypharynx,pelecanoides,,,,,"Vaillant, 1882", 21132319,Galeoides decadactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Galeoides,decadactylus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)", 21132828,Gonostoma atlanticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Gonostoma,atlanticum,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 190471,Gonostoma denudatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Gonostoma,denudatum,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 18252718,Gonostoma elongatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Gonostoma,elongatum,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 198721,Lepidopus caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Lepidopus,caudatus,,,,,"(Euphrasen, 1788)","This species may comprise at least two separate species (Ward et al. 2008), therefore taxonomic research is needed.

Cryptic species
Lepidopus caudatus shows very high levels of intra-specific divergence (2.75% using the CO1 barcode region) between northern (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and southern (Australasian) clades (Ward et al. 2008). Additionally, there are differences in pigmentation and meristic characters between these main population centers which require further study (FAO 2014)." 21132679,Lepidopus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Lepidopus,dubius,,,,,"Parin & Mikhailin, 1981",

The narrow distribution of this species is uncommon for this family (Iwamoto pers. comm. 2013).

190223,Manducus maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Manducus,maderensis,,,,,"(Johnson, 1890)", 18252849,Margrethia obtusirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Margrethia,obtusirostra,,,,,"Jespersen & Tåning, 1919", 21132559,Meganthias carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Meganthias,carpenteri,,,,,"Anderson, 2006", 21132730,Monognathus jesperseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,jesperseni,,,,,"Bertin, 1936", 21132733,Monognathus taningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,taningi,,,,,"Bertin, 1936", 198673,Mullus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mullus,barbatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",This assessment includes M. b. barbatus and M. b. ponticus. 198674,Mullus surmuletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mullus,surmuletus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 64409,Mycteroperca fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,fusca,,,,,"(Lowe, 1838)","

This species was originally named Serranus fuscus by Lowe (1836), and was previously confused with Mycteroperca rubra, which occurs only along mainland West Africa and the Mediterranean Sea.

" 14054,Mycteroperca rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,rubra,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 18180983,Pachycara bulbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Pachycara,bulbiceps,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 18180998,Pachycara crassiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Pachycara,crassiceps,,,,,"(Roule, 1916)", 21132724,Pachycara crossacanthum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Pachycara,crossacanthum,,,,,"Anderson, 1989",The subpopulation in the Gulf of Guinea may prove to be a distinct species Perisedion macronema (Iwamoto pers. comm. 2013). 132727,Paranthias furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Paranthias,furcifer,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","Craig and Hastings (2007) suggested changing the genus to Cephalopholis, but it remains under Paranthias for the purposes of this Red List assessment. Hybrid specimens of C. fulva and C. furcifer have been observed in the Brazilian oceanic islands of Trindade (Pinheiro et al. 2009), Atol das Rocas (Batista et al. 2012) and Fernando de Noronha (B. P. Ferreira and A.A. Bertoncini pers. comm. 2016) and in the North Atlantic from Cuba and Bermuda (Smith 1966, Bostrom et al. 2002). These were initially described by Poey in 1860 and 1875 as Menephorus dubius and M. punctiferus (Smith 1966, Bostrom et al. 2002)." 21132344,Pentanemus quinquarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Pentanemus,quinquarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 21132355,Polydactylus quadrifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,quadrifilis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 21132575,Pseudogramma guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,guineensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 18177478,Pseudupeneus prayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Pseudupeneus,prayensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 18227123,Saccopharynx ampullaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,ampullaceus,,,,,"(Harwood, 1827)", 21132774,Saccopharynx ramosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,ramosus,,,,,"Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985", 21132418,Scombrolabrax heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBROLABRACIDAE,Scombrolabrax,heterolepis,,,,,"Roule, 1921", 21132618,Serranus accraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,accraensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1931)", 21132654,Serranus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,africanus,,,,,"(Cadenat, 1960)","This species is also known as Chelidoperca africana (Heemstra and Anderson in press, Iwamoto pers. comm. 2013)." 198551,Serranus cabrilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,cabrilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 198712,Serranus hepatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,hepatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 21132622,Serranus sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 198713,Serranus scriba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,scriba,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18252853,Sigmops bathyphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Sigmops,bathyphilus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1884)", 198715,Stromateus fiatola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STROMATEIDAE,Stromateus,fiatola,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 190296,Tetragonurus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TETRAGONURIDAE,Tetragonurus,atlanticus,,,,,"Lowe, 1839", 198716,Tetragonurus cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TETRAGONURIDAE,Tetragonurus,cuvieri,,,,,"Risso, 1810", 198718,Trachinus araneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRACHINIDAE,Trachinus,araneus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 21132659,Trachinus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRACHINIDAE,Trachinus,armatus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1861", 21132662,Trachinus collignoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRACHINIDAE,Trachinus,collignoni,,,,,"Roux, 1957", 198719,Trachinus draco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRACHINIDAE,Trachinus,draco,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 21132665,Trachinus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRACHINIDAE,Trachinus,lineolatus,,,,,"Fischer, 1885", 21132668,Trachinus pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRACHINIDAE,Trachinus,pellegrini,,,,,"Cadenat, 1937", 198720,Trachinus radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRACHINIDAE,Trachinus,radiatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 21132839,Triplophos hemingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Triplophos,hemingi,,,,,"(McArdle, 1901)", 21132707,Uranoscopus albesca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Uranoscopus,albesca,,,,,"Regan, 1915", 21132710,Uranoscopus cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Uranoscopus,cadenati,,,,,"Poll, 1959", 198722,Uranoscopus scaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Uranoscopus,scaber,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 42695944,Furcifer major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,major,,,,,"(Brygoo, 1971)",Formally elevated to species level having previously been included within F. lateralis (Florio et al. 2012). 42695980,Furcifer viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,viridis,,,,,"Florio, Ingram, Rakotondravony, Louis Jr. & Raxworthy, 2012",Formally elevated to species level having previously been included within F. lateralis (Florio et al. 2012). 42696174,Furcifer lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,lateralis,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","

The larger form from the arid south (formerly treated as F. lateralis ssp. major) is now recognized to be a separate species, Furcifer major Florio et al. 2012). In addition, populations of F. lateralis from the north-west of its distribution are also recognised as a new species, Furcifer viridis (Florio et al. 2012).

" 170155,Diplodus sargus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,sargus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Diplodus sargus as presently recognized is an assemblage of genetically closely related species whose current taxonomic assignments of species and subspecies are somewhat inconsistent and require further work (Summerer et al. 2001, Domingues et al. 2007). Pending more detailed population genetic work, the six subspecies of D. sargus, are retained in individual species accounts but are not separated in the parents species account.  

Two geographic subspecies of Diplodus sargus have been recognised in the European region: Diplodus sargus subspecies sargus in the Mediterranean; and Diplodus sargus subspecies cadeneti in the northeastern Atlantic - from the Bay of Biscay to Senegal, including the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands (Summerer et al. 2001). Only weak genetic differentiation is found for the European subspecies of D. sargus (Bargelloni et al. 2005) that is not associated with the transition between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, contradicting the separation into distinct sub-species of the Mediterranean and Atlantic D. sargus populations, classified as D. s. sargus and D. s. cadenati, respectively (De la Paz et al. 1973, Bauchot and Hureau 1986).

Diplodus sargus requires taxonomic revisions and there may also be two forms in the Persian Gulf (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2013)." 42760305,Rhampholeon viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,viridis,,,,,"Mariaux & Tilbury, 2006", 42760615,Trioceros kinangopensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,kinangopensis,,,,,"Stipala, Lutzmánn, Malonza, Wilkinson, Godley, Nyamache & Evans, 2012", 42775079,Canthonella instriata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthonella,instriata,,,,,"(Boucomont, 1928)","Canthonella was described by Chapin in 1930. Halffter and Martínez (1977) synonymized Ipselissus under Canthonella. There are currently very few species described from South America, but there are likely to be many more to be described." 21115046,Centrarchops chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DINOPERCIDAE,Centrarchops,chapini,,,,,"Fowler, 1923", 190089,Diceratias pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,DICERATIIDAE,Diceratias,pileatus,,,,,"Uwate, 1979", 15307973,Conus bellocqae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,bellocqae,,,,,"van Rossum, 1996", 15307967,Conus denizi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,denizi,,,,,"Afonso & Tenorio, 2011", 15307969,Conus desidiosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,desidiosus,,,,,"A. Adams, 1854","

This species is considered by some to be a synonym of Conus ventricosus, but it is listed on the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and considered by Monteiro et al (2004) as a valid species. The populations around Malta and Lampedusa are not considered to be certain they are this species (Monteiro et al 2004).

" 15307971,Conus delanoyae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,delanoyae,,,,,"Trovão, 1979", 15307975,Conus furnae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,furnae,,,,,"Rolán, 1990",This species is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands where it was originally considered to be a subspecies of C. verdensis.  It is now considered a distinct species.

15307977,Conus cacao,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,cacao,,,,,"Ferrario, 1983", 15307979,Conus calhetae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,calhetae,,,,,"Rolán, 1990","Originally two subspecies were recognised, C navarroi navarroi and C navarroi calhetae, however these two are separated on different islands and are now known to be distinct taxa C. navarroi and  C. calhetae (M. J. Tenorio pers. comm. 2011)." 15307981,Conus pseudocuneolus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,pseudocuneolus,,,,,"Rockel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980", 42830689,Conus longilineus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,longilineus,,,,,"Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980", 42830204,Synagrops japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACROPOMATIDAE,Synagrops,japonicus,,,,,"(Döderlein, 1883)", 198635,Callionymus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,maculatus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 42830251,Chaenophryne ramifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Chaenophryne,ramifera,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 18127783,Chaunax suttkusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,suttkusi,,,,,"Caruso, 1989", 42830260,Dolopichthys allector,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dolopichthys,allector,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 42830213,Himantolophus crinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,crinitus,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 42830223,Himantolophus melanolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,melanolophus,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 42830236,Himantolophus paucifilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,paucifilosus,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 42830291,Hoplostethus vniro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,vniro,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1995", 42830239,Melanocetus murrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,MELANOCETIDAE,Melanocetus,murrayi,,,,,"Günther, 1887", 42830277,Microlophichthys microlophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Microlophichthys,microlophus,,,,,"(Regan, 1925)", 18128090,Oneirodes carlsbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,carlsbergi,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)", 18128749,Oneirodes eschrichtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,eschrichtii,,,,,"Lütken, 1871", 42830286,Photocorynus spiniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Photocorynus,spiniceps,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 18158445,Platyberyx opalescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARISTIIDAE,Platyberyx,opalescens,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1911","The Caristiidae family is in urgent need of revision due to confusion of the number of genera, species and distributions (Britz in press). This issue has recently been remedied by Stevenson and Kenaley (2011) and Kukuev et al. (2012)." 42858815,Ansonia echinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,echinata,,,,,"Inger & Stuebing, 2009", 42859157,Ansonia thinthinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,thinthinae,,,,,"Wilkinson, Sellas & Vindum, 2012", 42860901,Duttaphrynus totol,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,totol,,,,,"Ohler, 2010", 195055,Indochinamon bavi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,bavi,,,,,"Naruse, Nguyen & Yeo, 2011", 42862906,Platymantis biak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,biak,,,,,"Siler, Diesmos, Linkem, Diesmos & Brown, 2010", 189200,Rakiurapyrgus cresswelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Rakiurapyrgus,cresswelli,,,,,"(Climo, 1974)","This species was formerly a member of the genus Potamopyrgus. The new genus Rakiurapyrgus was created by Haase (2008). Previously, Potamopyyrgus cresswelli had been confused with Leptopyrgus manneringi.
The internal anatomy of this species is similar morphologically to Meridiopyrgus pupiformis." 191001,Pristimantis orcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,orcus,,,,,"Lehr, Catenazzi & Rodríguez, 2009", 197980,Caridina isaloensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,isaloensis,,,,,"Coutière, 1899", 197611,Macrobrachium altifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,altifrons,,,,,"(Henderson, 1893)", 20536106,Hylaeus azorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,azorae,,,,,"(Warncke, 1992)",There are no taxonomic problems known at present. 138341,Canthon ornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,ornatus,,,,,"Redtenbacher, 1867","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137210,Canthon rutilans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,rutilans,,,,,"Harold, 1868","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137067,Canthon unicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Canthon,unicolor,,,,,"Balthasar, 1939","

Canthon is a diverse and heterogeneous genus of dung beetles. Currently, the genus is composed of nine subgenera: Boreocanthon, Canthon s.str., Francmonrosia, Glaphyrocanthon, Goniocanthon, Nesocanthon, Peltecanthon, Pseudepilissus, and Trichocanthon. Of these, only Boreocanthon and Nesocanthon do not occur in South America. 

" 137148,Phanaeus achilles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phanaeus,achilles,,,,,"Boheman, 1858","

The genus Phanaeus was revised by Edmonds and Zidek (2012). Its species are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in Mexico. The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera (Notiophanaeus and Phanaeus s. str.). Subspecies lydiae is considered by Edmonds and Zidek (2012) to be a colour variant of the species.



" 137868,Phanaeus pyrois,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phanaeus,pyrois,,,,,"Bates, 1887","

The genus Phanaeus was revised by Edmonds (1994). Its species are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in Mexico. The species that compose the genus are divided into two subgenera (Notiophanaeus and Phanaeus s. str.).

Phanaeus pyrois in particular, has two different morpho-types. According to Arnauld (2002), these morpho-types correspond to two subspecies (P. pyrois malyi Arnauld and P. pyrois olsoufieffi Balthasar). However, this assessment is based on the Phanaeus pyrois, combining the subspecies information.

" 138494,Scatonomus viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scatonomus,viridis,,,,,"Pereira & Martinez, 1959","Scatonomus is a small genus, containing only eight described species, of which little taxonomic and biological information is available. The genus is known from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, and its species are distributed throughout “Cerrado”, “Pampa” and Atlantic forest." 137189,Sulcophanaeus imperator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sulcophanaeus,imperator,,,,,"(Chevrolat, 1844)","This genus was recently revised by Edmonds (2000). According to the author, Sulcophanaeus is a Neotropical genus comprising five species groups (faunus, carnifex, auricollis, imperator and menelas). Currently, the genus presents 15 valid species and some infraspecific taxa.


(Chevrolat, 1844) spp authority needs changing. Arnaud is subsp authority" 137903,Sulcophanaeus miyashitai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Sulcophanaeus,miyashitai,,,,,"Arnaud, 2002","This genus was recently revised by Edmonds (2000). According to the author, Sulcophanaeus is a Neotropical genus comprising five species groups (faunus, carnifex, auricollis, imperator and menelas). Currently, the genus presents 15 valid species and some infraspecific taxa. This assessment is based on the two subspecies Sulcophanaeus miyashitai miyashitai and Sulcophanaeus miyashitai metallescens." 195054,Thaipotamon holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Thaipotamon,holthuisi,,,,,"Naiyanetr & Yeo, 2010", 195052,Terrapotamon phaibuli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Terrapotamon,phaibuli,,,,,"Leelawathanagoon, Lheknim & Ng, 2010", 195051,Pilosamon guinotae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Pilosamon,guinotae,,,,,"Yeo & Naiyanetr, 2010", 19198794,Andrena afrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,afrensis,,,,,"Warncke, 1967", 19199512,Andrena anthrisci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,anthrisci,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1925", 19199621,Andrena astrella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,astrella,,,,,"Warncke, 1975","Andrena fulica Warncke, 1974 is considered here a subspecies of Andrena astrella, Andrena astrella ssp. fulica Warncke, 1974, following Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002)." 19199352,Andrena bayona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,bayona,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 198772,Alectis alexandrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alectis,alexandrina,,,,,(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1817), 19887669,Barbus escherichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,escherichii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1897", 19198726,Andrena grossella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,grossella,,,,,"Grünwaldt, 1976", 19199315,Andrena labiatula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,labiatula,,,,,"Osytshnjuk, 1993", 19199897,Andrena lineolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,lineolata,,,,,"Warncke, 1968", 19199137,Andrena nitidula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,nitidula,,,,,"Pérez, 1903","

Andrena nitidula and A. distinguenda have been considered as one species for a long time. The observation of A. nitidula and A. distinguenda in the same locality was the cause for clarifying the unclear taxonomic status of these two taxa. The examination of material of the A. distinguenda group occurring in Europe and north Africa revealed that A. distinguenda and A. nitidula are two good species. A. distinguenda turned out to occur in south eastern Europe whereas A. nitidula has a western distribution. The distribution areas of the two species broadly overlap along the Mediterranean coast from Spain to Italy and from the Provence around the Alps to southern Germany.

" 19198461,Andrena nuptialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,nuptialis,,,,,"Pérez, 1902",

The summer generation could possibly be a distinct species (Westrich 1990).

19198407,Andrena stepposa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,stepposa,,,,,"Osytshnjuk, 1977", 43130407,Philothamnus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,angolensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1882","Although this species was revalidated by Hughes (1985), removing Philothamnus irregularis from southern Africa, Branch (2018) note that this action has sometimes been neglected, including literature as recent as Ceriaco et al. (2014, 2016) and so P. irregularis is sometimes erroneously included in the Angolan species list." 43130430,Philothamnus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)", 43130453,Philothamnus girardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,girardi,,,,,"Bocage, 1893", 43130491,Philothamnus hoplogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,hoplogaster,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 43130567,Philothamnus hughesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,hughesi,,,,,"Trape & Roux-Esteve, 1990", 43130578,Philothamnus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,macrops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 110152273,Philothamnus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,natalensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1848)","Alexander (1987) suggested that the subspecies Philothamnus natalensis occidentalis and P. n. natalensis should both be considered full species status on the basis of certain morphological and behavioral differences. This has now been confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis (Engelbrecht 2017, Engelbrecht et al. 2018)." 43130757,Philothamnus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,ornatus,,,,,"Bocage, 1872","This species unusual distribution, occurring as several discrete populations, suggests that this species may be a species complex (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2014)." 43130791,Philothamnus ruandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,ruandae,,,,,"Loveridge, 1951", 43130846,Philothamnus thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,thomensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1882", 43152318,Ranitomeya sirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,sirensis,,,,,"(Aichinger, 1991)","Brown and Twomey et al. (2011) provided bioacoustic, genetic, and behavioral evidence that R. lamasi, R. sirensis, and R. biolat were all members of a single, widespread and highly polymorphic species. Due to rules of precedence, R. sirensis is the valid name, and R. lamasi and R. biolat are considered junior synonyms of R. sirensis." 18158331,Selene dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selene,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)", 18158359,Seriola carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,carpenteri,,,,,"Mather, 1971", 195097,Seriola lalandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,lalandi,,,,,"Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1833","This circumglobal species is restricted to subtropical waters, and consisting of a series of disjunct subpopulations, many of which until recently were considered to represent distinct species. Until recently, most of the literature in the eastern Pacific referred to this species are Seriola dorsalis." 21113090,Trachinotus goreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,goreensis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1832", 21113095,Trachinotus maxillosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,maxillosus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1832", 198644,Trachinotus ovatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,ovatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 21113098,Trachinotus teraia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,teraia,,,,,"Cuvier, 1832", 21113101,Trachurus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,capensis,,,,,"Castelnau, 1861","Some workers consider Trachurus capensis to be a subspecies under Trachurus trachurus (Smith-Vaniz 2016). Bianchi et al. (1993) notes 'W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. (1992) does not believe that Trachurus capensis is a valid species, but admits that an adequate series of this species along the coast of Africa is not available'. For the purposes of this assessment, it is considered a valid species." 198645,Trachurus mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,mediterraneus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1868)", 198646,Trachurus picturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,picturatus,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)", 198647,Trachurus trachurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,trachurus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Some authors recognize a second species in the southern portion of the range, T. capensis (Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2014)." 21113110,Trachurus trecae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,trecae,,,,,"Cadenat, 1950", 21113038,Caranx fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,fischeri,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter, 2007","

Caranx hippos from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean was recently split into two species. A new species, C. fischeri, was recently described by Smith-Vaniz and Carpenter (2007). Caranx hippos and C. fischeri are largely sympatric, however it is C. fischeri which is found in the Mediterranean. There have been no confirmed records of C. hippos in the Mediterranean.

" 198641,Caranx rhonchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,rhonchus,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817",This species is likely to belong to a monotypic genus (B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2014). 21113041,Caranx senegallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,senegallus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1833", 198642,Lichia amia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Lichia,amia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 43178521,Capoeta saadii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,saadii,,,,,"(Heckel, 1847)", 43184845,Acizzia veski,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PSYLLIDAE,Acizzia,veski,,,,,"Taylor & Moir, 2009","This is a valid species, and was described in a peer-reviewed journal publication (Taylor and Moir 2009)." 57460802,Gastrotheca monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,monticola,,,,,"Barbour & Noble, 1920","The taxonomic concept excludes Gastrotheca marsupiata lojana Parker, 1932, which is recognized by Duellman et al. (2014) as a good species, i.e. G. lojana." 20636721,Acanthoplus discoidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acanthoplus,discoidalis,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20636822,Acanthoplus longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acanthoplus,longipes,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1845)", 20638239,Acanthoproctus cervinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acanthoproctus,cervinus,,,,,"(Haan, 1842)", 20638316,Acanthoproctus vittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acanthoproctus,vittatus,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20638581,Acilacris obovatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acilacris,obovatus,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1996", 20638608,Africariola longicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Africariola,longicauda,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1996", 20659659,Alfredectes semiaeneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Alfredectes,semiaeneus,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 20641107,Aprosphylus olszanowskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aprosphylus,olszanowskii,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1994", 20640156,Aroegas rentzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aroegas,rentzi,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1996", 20644099,Austrodontura capensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Austrodontura,capensis,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20644147,Brinckiella karooensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,karooensis,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2009", 20644150,Brinckiella mauerbergerorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,mauerbergerorum,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2009", 20644165,Brinckiella wilsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,wilsoni,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2009", 20659691,Ceresia pulchripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ceresia,pulchripes,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1916)", 20659346,Clonia assimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,assimilis,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1971", 20659369,Clonia melanoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,melanoptera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 20659440,Clonia minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,minuta,,,,,"(Haan, 1842)", 20659470,Clonia vansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,vansoni,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1971", 20659550,Clonia vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,vittata,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1789)", 20633282,Conocephalus caudalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,caudalis,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20634513,Conocephalus montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,montana,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1928)", 20633594,Conocephalus peringueyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,peringueyi,,,,,"Uvarov, 1928", 20636863,Enyaliopsis transvaalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Enyaliopsis,transvaalensis,,,,,"Péringuey, 1916", 20643622,Eulioptera flexilima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eulioptera,flexilima,,,,,"Ragge, 1980", 20656368,Eurycorypha proserpinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eurycorypha,proserpinae,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 20641490,Griffiniana capensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Griffiniana,capensis,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1994", 20641712,Griffiniana longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Griffiniana,longipes,,,,,"(Naskrecki, 1994)", 20636961,Hemihetrodes bachmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Hemihetrodes,bachmanni,,,,,"(Karsch, 1887)", 20638362,Hetrodes pupus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Hetrodes,pupus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 20656375,Melidia brunneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Melidia,brunneri,,,,,"Stål, 1876", 20640823,Paracilacris mordax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Paracilacris,mordax,,,,,"Naskrecki, Bazelet & Spearman, 2008", 20659625,Peringueyella jocosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Peringueyella,jocosa,,,,,"Saussure, 1888", 20656385,Plangia compressa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Plangia,compressa,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20642458,Pomatonota dregii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pomatonota,dregii,,,,,"Burmeister, 1838", 20643011,Prosphaga calaharica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Prosphaga,calaharica,,,,,"(Karny, 1910)", 20641850,Pseudosaga maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pseudosaga,maculata,,,,,"(Karny, 1910)", 20657097,Terpnistria lobulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Terpnistria,lobulata,,,,,"Stål, 1876", 20659744,Thoracistus viridicrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,viridicrus,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 20659748,Thoracistus viridifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,viridifer,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20642080,Zitsikama tessellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zitsikama,tessellata,,,,,"Péringuey, 1916", 20659763,Zuludectes modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zuludectes,modestus,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1916)", 43270317,Trygonorrhina dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Trygonorrhina,dumerilii,,,,,"Castelnau, 1873","

The taxonomy of Trygonorrhina spp. was previously confused because of problems with type information (Last and Stevens 2009, White and Last 2012). Two similarly patterned species were considered allopatric off southern Australia, i.e. the Southern Fiddler Ray (Trygonorrhina fasciata) off southern and southwestern Australia and the Eastern Fiddler Ray (T. sp. A) (Last and Stevens 1994) off eastern Australia. Based on the locality and the illustration of the T. fasciata type specimen, it was identified as the Eastern Fiddler Ray, thus replacing T. sp. A as the name for the eastern species. The Southern Fiddler Ray, previously called T. fasciata, was renamed as T. dumerilii Castelnau, 1873 based on the oldest available name which could be accurately attributed to the southern species (White and Last 2012). 

The Magpie Fiddler Ray (T. melaleuca) is now considered to be a colour variant of T. dumerilii (Donnellan et al. 2015).

Trygonorrhina fasciata differs from T. dumerilii by having a diamond-shaped marking behind the eyes, which are parallel in T. dumerilii.

" 41866,Trygonorrhina fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Trygonorrhina,fasciata,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1841","

The taxonomy of Trygonorrhina spp. was previously confused because of problems with type information (Last and Stevens 2009, White and Last 2012). Two similarly patterned species were considered allopatric off southern Australia, i.e. the Southern Fiddler Ray (Trygonorrhina fasciata) off southern and southwestern Australia and the Eastern Fiddler Ray (T. sp. A) (Last and Stevens 1994) off eastern Australia. Based on the locality and the illustration of the T. fasciata type specimen, it was identified as the Eastern Fiddler Ray, thus replacing T. sp. A as the name for the eastern species. The Southern Fiddler Ray, previously called T. fasciata, was renamed as T. dumerilii Castelnau, 1873 based on the oldest available name which could be accurately attributed to the southern species (White and Last 2012). 

Trygonorrhina fasciata differs from T. dumerilii by having a diamond-shaped marking behind the eyes, which are parallel in T. dumerilii.

" 43340028,Limnonectes jarujini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,jarujini,,,,,"Matsui, Panha, Khonsue & Kuraishi, 2010", 43340051,Occidozyga tompotika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,tompotika,,,,,"Iskandar, Arifin & Rachmanasah, 2011", 43340060,Litoria gasconi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,gasconi,,,,,"Richards, Oliver, Krey & Tjaturadi, 2009", 43340069,Litoria robinsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,robinsonae,,,,,"Oliver, Stuart-Fox & Richards, 2008","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 43340078,Ichthyophis lakimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,lakimi,,,,,"Nishikawa, Matsui & Yambun, 2012", 21113051,Hemicaranx bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Hemicaranx,bicolor,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 189347,Margaritifera laevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,laevis,,,,,"Haas, 1910","Using comparatory taxonomic approach, this species has been separated into Kurilinaia laevis (Haas, 1910), K. kurilensis (Zatravkin & Starobogatov, 1984) and K. zatravkini (Bogatov, Prozorova & Starobogatov, 2003) (Graf 2007). A recent review on the phylogeny of Far Eastern Asia Margaritiferidae (Bolotov et al., 2015) revealed that these taxa are synonymous of M. laevis. " 19198281,Dufourea alpina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,alpina,,,,,"Morawitz, 1865", 19199773,Dufourea coeruleocephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,coeruleocephala,,,,,"Morawitz, 1872", 19198679,Dufourea fortunata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,fortunata,,,,,"Ebmer, 1993", 19199800,Dufourea iris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,iris,,,,,"Ebmer, 1987", 19199691,Dufourea longiglossa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,longiglossa,,,,,"Ebmer, 1993", 19199434,Dufourea lusitanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,lusitanica,,,,,"Ebmer, 1999", 19199597,Dufourea merceti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,merceti,,,,,"Vachal, 1907", 19198809,Dufourea styx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,styx,,,,,"Ebmer, 1976", 19199124,Dufourea trautmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Dufourea,trautmanni,,,,,"Dusmet y Alonso, 1935", 19198991,Rophites thracius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Rophites,thracius,,,,,"Ebmer, 1993", 19199771,Rophites hellenicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Rophites,hellenicus,,,,,"Ebmer, 1984", 54527148,Rhophitoides epiroticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Rhophitoides,epiroticus,,,,,"Schwammberger, 1975",The species was described in the genus Rhophitoides but it was later moved to Rophites. Review by Pesenko and Astafurova (2006) resulted in epiroticus being moved back to Rhophitoides. 19198604,Lasioglossum wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,wollastoni,,,,,"(Cockerell, 1922)", 19198951,Lasioglossum viride,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,viride,,,,,"(Brullé, 1839)","There are four subspecies: ssp. viride (Brullé, 1839); ssp. cabrerai (Warncke, 1975); ssp. palmae Ebmer, 1993; and ssp. unicolor (Brullé, 1840)." 19199742,Lasioglossum vergilianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,vergilianum,,,,,"(Pérez, 1903)", 19199211,Lasioglossum tauricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,tauricum,,,,,"Ebmer, 1972", 19199486,Lasioglossum setulosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,setulosum,,,,,"(Strand, 1909)",The species is closely related to Lasioglossum minutulum. 19198676,Lasioglossum sabulosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,sabulosum,,,,,"(Warncke, 1986)", 19198858,Lasioglossum pleurospeculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,pleurospeculum,,,,,"Herrmann, 2001", 19199599,Lasioglossum orihuelicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,orihuelicum,,,,,"(Blüthgen, 1924)", 19198862,Lasioglossum minutulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,minutulum,,,,,"(Schenck, 1853)", 19198644,Lasioglossum laetum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,laetum,,,,,"(Brullé, 1839)", 19199151,Lasioglossum lissonotum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,lissonotum,,,,,"(Noskiewicz, 1926)", 19199403,Lasioglossum leucomontanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,leucomontanum,,,,,"Ebmer, 1981", 19198664,Lasioglossum kotschyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,kotschyi,,,,,"Ebmer, 1981", 19198414,Lasioglossum ibericum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,ibericum,,,,,"Ebmer, 1975", 19199238,Lasioglossum eurasicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,eurasicum,,,,,"Ebmer, 1972", 19198889,Lasioglossum dusmeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,dusmeti,,,,,"(Blüthgen, 1924)", 19199622,Lasioglossum danuvium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,danuvium,,,,,"(Blüthgen, 1944)", 19199135,Lasioglossum corsicanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,corsicanum,,,,,"(Blüthgen, 1931)", 19198723,Lasioglossum chalcodes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,chalcodes,,,,,"(Brullé, 1839)", 19198530,Lasioglossum castilianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,castilianum,,,,,"(Blüthgen, 1931)", 19199413,Lasioglossum breviventre,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,breviventre,,,,,"(Schenck, 1853)", 19198444,Lasioglossum bavaricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,bavaricum,,,,,"(Blüthgen, 1930)","The subspecies Lasioglossum bavaricum olympicum (Warncke, 1982) is found in the mountains of Greece. The nominal subspecies is found throughout the rest of it's distribution." 19198852,Lasioglossum aureimontanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,aureimontanum,,,,,"Ebmer, 1970", 19199243,Lasioglossum ariadne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,ariadne,,,,,"Ebmer, 1981", 19199677,Lasioglossum arctifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,arctifrons,,,,,"(Saunders, 1903)","There are three subspecies on the Canary Islands: L. a. glandarium (Warncke, 1975) is found on El Hierro and La Palma; L. a. optatum is found on Gran Canaria (Warncke, 1975); and the nominal subspecies is found on Tenerife." 19198672,Lasioglossum alpigenum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,alpigenum,,,,,"(Dalla Torre, 1877)", 19198577,Lasioglossum akroundicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,akroundicum,,,,,"(Blüthgen, 1937)", 158467,Atelopus patazensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,patazensis,,,,,"Venegas, Catenazzi, Siu-Ting & Carrillo, 2008", 54691,Rhinella limensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,limensis,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 54953,Nymphargus chancas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,chancas,,,,,"(Duellman & Schulte, 1993)","The specimen from Zamora-Chinchipe Province, Ecuador may actually represent a misidentification or an undescribed species (Twomey et al. 2014)." 19198712,Andrena cervina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,cervina,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19198628,Andrena chalcogastra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,chalcogastra,,,,,"Brullé, 1839","This assessment includes the Canarian subspecies Andrena chalcogastra gomera Warncke, 1968 (from La Gomera), Andrena chalcogastra palmaensis Warncke, 1968 (from La Palma), Andrena chalcogastra extrema Warncke, 1993 (from Gran Canaria), and Andrena chalcogastra chalcogastra Brullé, 1839 (from Tenerife)." 19199653,Andrena chelma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,chelma,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19199240,Andrena concinna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,concinna,,,,,"Smith, 1853", 19198993,Andrena corssubalpina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,corssubalpina,,,,,"Theunert, 2006", 19199110,Andrena curtula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,curtula,,,,,"Pérez, 1903","Dylewska (1987) and Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl (1997) accept A. pauxilla as a distinct species. Besides, H. Schwenninger (pers. comm. 2014) examined the type of A. curtula and stated that A. curtula and A. pauxilla are clearly distinct species." 19199412,Andrena cypricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,cypricola,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1952", 19198885,Andrena damara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,damara,,,,,"Warncke, 1968","According to Blank and Kraus (1994), the type specimens of Andrena (Chlorandrena) damara are labelled Andrena sagittaria ssp. damara." 19199418,Andrena dinizi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,dinizi,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 21138032,Andrena ebmerella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,ebmerella,,,,,"Scheuchl, 2011",The subgeneric attribution of Andrena ebmerella is uncertain. 19199052,Andrena elata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,elata,,,,,"Warncke, 1975","This species was originally described by Warncke as Andrena abrupta ssp. elata Warncke, 1975." 19199555,Andrena espanola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,espanola,,,,,"Warncke, 1967","Warncke described this taxon using the name Andrena truncatilabris ssp. española. The usage of diacritic marks is forbidden by Article 27 ICZN, 1985. The name has had to be corrected to espanola. Following Warncke and Gusenleitner, Ortiz-Sanchez (2011) regards Andrena (Truncandrena) espanola as a subspecies of Andrena (Truncandrena) truncatilabris Morawitz, 1877. While the disparities between A. truncatilabris and A. espanola females are minimal, the differences between the male genitalia, especially the penis valves, are so different that both taxa are considered different species by E. Scheuchl (pers. comm. 2014), and this will be the criteria followed for the purposes of this assessment." 19198881,Andrena farinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,farinosa,,,,,"Pérez, 1895", 19199922,Andrena freygessneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,freygessneri,,,,,"Alfken, 1904","Andrena (Cnemidandrena) freygessneri was first considered as subspecies of Andrena simillima Smith, 1851, but it is clearly a distinct species according to Ebmer (2001)." 19199111,Andrena fria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,fria,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19198602,Andrena funerea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,funerea,,,,,"Warncke, 1967", 19199759,Andrena helenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,helenica,,,,,"Warncke, 1965", 19198663,Andrena hillana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,hillana,,,,,"Warncke, 1968", 19199169,Andrena illyrica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,illyrica,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19199471,Andrena korleviciana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,korleviciana,,,,,"Friese, 1887", 19198751,Andrena kornosica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,kornosica,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1954", 19198568,Andrena leucolippa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,leucolippa,,,,,"Pérez, 1895","There are taxonomic uncertainties regarding the status of this taxon and A. boyerella (qv). Both A. leucolippa and A. boyerella are regarded as a valid names by Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002). However, in the maps provided by Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002), A. boyerella and A. leucolippa appear together in the same map since A. leucolippa was regarded as a subspecies by Warncke. After further examination, it seems that A. leucolippa occurs in Europe and A. boyerella occurs in North Africa (and the records from Sicily and Italy probably belong to it as well) (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014)." 19198478,Andrena lonicera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,lonicera,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 19199670,Andrena maderensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,maderensis,,,,,"Cockerell, 1922","

While A. maderensis fratella Warncke, 1968 was described from Morocco, it seems that A. maderensis is endemic to the main island of Madeira and A. fratella is a distinct species (E. Scheuchl pers. comm. 2014).

" 19199209,Andrena montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,montana,,,,,"Warncke, 1973", 19199682,Andrena montarca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,montarca,,,,,"Warncke, 1975","The two subspecies Andrena montarca andina Warncke, 1974, and Andrena montarca parva Warncke, 1974 are certainly distinct species (Gusenleitner and Schwarz 2002). A. montarca is an Iberian endemic species, while A. parva and A. andina are north African species." 19199651,Andrena murana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,murana,,,,,"Warncke, 1967", 19198891,Andrena muscaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,muscaria,,,,,"Warncke, 1965", 19198634,Andrena nebularia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,nebularia,,,,,"Warncke, 1975", 19199467,Andrena neovirida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,neovirida,,,,,"Grünwaldt, 2005", 19199788,Andrena nilotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,nilotica,,,,,"Warncke, 1967", 55226,Ameerega macero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,macero,,,,,"(Rodríguez & Myers, 1993)", 6494,Dermochelys coriacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,DERMOCHELYIDAE,Dermochelys,coriacea,,,,,"(Vandelli, 1761)", 43672618,Rammeihippus turcicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rammeihippus,turcicus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1939)", 55206,Ranitomeya vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,vanzolinii,,,,,"(Myers, 1982)", 59593,Siphonops annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Siphonops,annulatus,,,,,"(Mikan, 1820)","This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2004). It is unclear that all biological populations within its large range are conspecific. However, these are included in the current assessment until their taxonomic identities can be clarified." 10303,Hydrodamalis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SIRENIA,DUGONGIDAE,Hydrodamalis,gigas,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)", 22102,Trichechus inunguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SIRENIA,TRICHECHIDAE,Trichechus,inunguis,,,,,"(Natterer, 1883)","Genetic diversity of T. inunguis has been found to be higher than any one of the three major clusters of T. manatus (Garcia-Rodriguez et al. 1998, Vianna et al. 2002, Caballero and Giraldo 2004), possibly functioning as a panmictic population (Cantanhede et al. 2005)." 203413,Cyprinion microphthalmum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinion,microphthalmum,,,,,"(Day, 1880)",


157814,Anaglyptus luteofasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Anaglyptus,luteofasciatus,,,,,"Pic, 1905", 157893,Anaglyptus praecellens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Anaglyptus,praecellens,,,,,"Holzschuh, 1981", 157812,Axinopalpis barbarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Axinopalpis,barbarae,,,,,"Sama, 1992","This species appears to have two subspecies, but the assessment is made at the species level. Additional taxonomic studies might reveal that this taxon is two different species or only two races of one species.


" 157913,Calchaenesthes sexmaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Calchaenesthes,sexmaculata,,,,,"(Reiche, 1861)", 157706,Delagrangeus angustissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Delagrangeus,angustissimus,,,,,"Pic, 1892","There are three different subspecies that occur in different countries: D. angustissimus angustissimus is found in Turkey, D. angustissimus liviae is found in Rhodes (Greece), and D. angustissimus troodi is found in Cyprus and Lebanon (Löbl and Smetana 2010)." 157700,Glaphyra bassettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Glaphyra,bassettii,,,,,"Sama, 1992", 157864,Isotomus jarmilae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Isotomus,jarmilae,,,,,"Slama, 1982", 44002414,Psammophis condanarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,condanarus,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)","Psammophis indochinensis is variously treated as a full species (e.g. Hughes 1999, Pauwels et al. 2003, Nguyen et al. 2009) or as a subspecies of P. condanarus (e.g. McKay 2006, Cottone and Bauer 2009). Cottone and Bauer (2009) remark that ""the validity of the subspecific division of [P. condanarus] has not been critically assessed"". Based on the disjunct distributions of the two taxa and morphological differences highlighted by Pauwels et al. (2003) it is probable that the two forms represent different species (P. David and A. Bauer pers. comm. 2013) and this scheme is followed here. A full revision is, however, needed to clarify the relationships of these two taxa (A. Bauer pers. comm. 2013)." 166575,Gazza minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Gazza,minuta,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)","Records of this species from the Cook Islands and Society Islands (French Polynesia) may refer to an undescribed species (Woodland et al. 2001). Further taxonomic research is required." 161551,Deania profundorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Deania,profundorum,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)",A taxonomic review of this group is required to properly identify the species of this genus. 195291,Epinephelus chabaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,chabaudi,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 41778,Tayassu pecari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TAYASSUIDAE,Tayassu,pecari,,,,,"(Link, 1795)", 157519,Gnorimus decempunctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Gnorimus,decempunctatus,,,,,"Helfer, 1834","Also known as Aleurostictus decempunctatus." 157875,Osmoderma cristinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Osmoderma,cristinae,,,,,"Sparacio, 1994","

The Osmoderma species complex is here treated as five separate species (barnabita, eremita, cristinae, italica and lassallei), following Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). Distribution limits of these different forms remain poorly resolved, but for the purpose of these assessments we follow the approximate distribution limits outlined in Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). There is ongoing debate as to whether or not these forms constitute valid species, but for the purpose of this assessment we are assessing each form separately.

" 157815,Ampedus boquilobensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,boquilobensis,,,,,"Giuseppe & Serrano, 2003", 157930,Ampedus canaliculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,canaliculatus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1918)", 157556,Ampedus corsicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,corsicus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1918)",There has been some confusion on whether A. corsicus and A. quercicola are the same species. According to Platia (1994) A. corsicus is a valid species and it is endemic to Corsica. 157736,Ampedus fuentei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,fuentei,,,,,"Sánchez-Ruiz, 1996", 157668,Ampedus karneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,karneri,,,,,"Schimmel , 1996", 157830,Ampedus koschwitzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,koschwitzi,,,,,"Schimmel , 1990", 157643,Ampedus macedonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,macedonicus,,,,,"Schimmel , 1996", 157495,Ampedus minos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,minos,,,,,"Wurst, 1997", 157482,Ampedus pooti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,pooti,,,,,"Wurst, 1995", 21172,Porcula salvania,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Porcula,salvania,,,,,"Hodgson, 1847",We followed Funk et al. (2007) in removing this species from the genus Sus and placing it in the monotypic genus Porcula. 21174,Sus verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,verrucosus,,,,,"Boie, 1832","Sus verrucosus originally had three subspecies, the nominal subspecies on Java, S. v. olivieri on the island of Madura, which is now thought the be extinct (Blouch 1998), and S. v. blouchi of Bawean Island. S. v. blouchi was upgraded to full species by Groves and Grubb (2011), but pending additional genetic study it is for now maintained as a subspecies." 21175,Sus cebifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,cebifrons,,,,,"Heude, 1888","This taxon was formerly regarded as a subspecies of Sus philippensis, i.e. S. p. cebifrons, and was not recognized as a full species until in 1997 (Groves 1981, 1991, 1997). Two subspecies are currently recognized, i.e. the nominate form from Cebu (now extinct) and negrinus from Negros; though recent MtDNA studies have indicated the likely addition of a third subspecies from Panay (Tomowo Ozawa pers. comm. and in prep)." 21176,Sus philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,philippensis,,,,,"Nehring, 1886","Formerly this taxon was recognized as a distinct species endemic to the Philippines by Groves (1981), who subsequently proposed recognition of three subspecies: philippensis from Luzon and associated islands; mindanensis from Mindanao and associated islands; and oliveri from Mindoro (later separated as a full species (Groves 1997, 2001; Groves and Grubb 1993)). More recent mtDNA studies have suggested the likelihood for separating ‘philippinensis’ and ‘mindanensis’ as full species (T. Ozawa pers. comm. and in prep.)." 21177,Sus ahoenobarbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,ahoenobarbus,,,,,"Huet, 1888","Sus ahoenobarbus is a monotypic species restricted to the Palawan Faunal Region of the Philippines, differing genetically from S. barbatus, with which it was formerly lumped (Lucchini et al. 2005). The latter study indicates closer relationship to the Visayan Warty Pig (S. cebifrons), whereas morphology and presence of 38 chromosomes (versus 36 chromosomes present in pig species in the oceanic Philippines) (Oliver 1995) indicate closer relationship with S. barbatus. Hybridization between S. barbatus and S. cebifrons may be one possible explanation for the similarities, however until further research is undertaken, the phylogeny of the species remains unresolved (Meijaard et al. 2011).

Sanborn (1952) tentatively suggested that two subadult specimens from Busuanga may belong to a distinct form calamianensis, although measurements were not markedly different from subadult specimens from Palawan." 21178,Sus bucculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,bucculentus,,,,,"Heude, 1892","

Recent evidence suggests that this may not represent a unique taxon (C. Groves pers. comm. 2008; and see Robins et al. 2006, Galbraeth 2007). It seems fairly evident now that Sus bucculentus is not a valid taxon. It is not, however, a synonym of Sus scrofa, but of Sus moupinensis (Groves and Grubb 2011). The latter species remains provisional, however, awaiting further study of taxonomic differentiation within the ‘scrofic’ group of pigs. What remains unclear is whether a verrucosic-type pig species existed in the Annamite Mountains area that hybridized with a 'scrofic' type species (scrofa or moupinensis) to the point that it is no longer morphologically distinct. Alternatively, there was never a distinct taxon. Pending further study, Sus bucculentus is classified as Extinct until better evidence regarding its taxonomy becomes available.

" 41770,Potamochoerus larvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Potamochoerus,larvatus,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1822)","The genus Potamochoerus includes two species: the Red River Hog (P. porcus), which occurs in the forests from Senegal to Nigeria and the Congo; and the Bushpig (P. larvatus), which occurs from the savannahs of East Africa to the forests of the Cape in South Africa (Grubb 1993). Three subspecies are currently recognized: the White-face Bushpig (P. l. hassama) from East Africa; the Somali Bushpig (P. l. somaliensis) from northeast Kenya and Somalia; and the Southern Bushpig (P. l. koiropotamus), which is widespread over southern Africa (Grubb 1993)." 41773,Sus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,celebensis,,,,,"Müller & Schlegel, 1843","Sanborn (1952) clustered Sus celebensis with S. philippensis and S. cebifrons, and this was followed by various authors (e.g., Sinha 1982, Catibog-Sinha 1985), but strongly refuted by Groves (1981) and Groves et al. (1993) who demonstrated that these animals were more closely related to the (Sundaic) S. barbatus. Principal Components Analysis and Discriminant Analysis of skull measurements clustered S. celebensis with S. philippensis and S. cebifrons from the Philippines (Lucchini et al. 2005). From this study and that of Groves (1997) it was proposed that these species are primitive forms and have a relict distribution. Sus celebensis is thought to have separated from an ancestral species that inhabited Sunderland. Analysis of mtDNA found that S. celebensis had a greater maternal affinity to Bornean pigs than those from New Guinea (Larson et al. 2005), however, pigs from the Philippines were not included in the genetic study to allow comparison. Phylogenomic analysis implies that populations on Borneo acted as the initial and main source for the dispersal to Sulawesi. At a later stage S. verrucosus on Java and S. cebifrons in the Philippines are thought to have contributed to the S. celebensis gene pool (Frantz et al. 2013).

The Sulawesi Warty Pig, like the other Asian Sus spp., has a chromosome number of 38 (Bosma et al. 1991). However, there are significant differences in the banding of its Y chromosome when compared with either S. scrofa or S. verrucosus.

A recent genetic study found that Sulawesi Warty Pigs are not monophyletic, instead they form two clades (Larson et al. 2005). mtDNA sequences showed that these clades are distributed in a north-south pattern and contain high genetic diversity. This may lend support to the proposed cline in body size on Sulawesi from north (smallest) to south (largest) (Groves et al. 1993). The current classification of a monotypic species by Groves (1981) may warrant further genetic investigation. The two clades can be explained either by the occurrence of two colonization events onto Sulawesi (Frantz et al. 2013), or the historic fragmentation of the island into at least two parts. Independent invasions by other species have been reported, including macaques (Evans et al. 1999) and shrews (Ruedi et al. 1998). Fragmentation of Sulawesi has been shown to have occurred from pollen records in at least two locations during the Late Pleistocene period (Fooden 1969)." 41775,Sus scrofa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,scrofa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","In a major review of the Genus Sus, Groves (1981) recognized 16, possibly 17, subspecies, whilst also either synonymizing or discounting many previously accepted subspecies. The latter including various insular southeast Asian feral and/or hybrid populations. This treatment was followed by Groves and Grubb (1993); though Groves (2001) has since suggested the likely future separation of one subspecies, i.e. the Banded Pig S. s. vittatus, as a full species (Groves 2001)." 136340,Sus oliveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,oliveri,,,,,"Groves, 1997","This taxon was recognized as a separate species from Sus philippensis according to Groves (2001). It is known from four skulls and a mounted head collected in 1993 now in the Field Museum, Chicago, which constitutes the holotype (Grubb 2005, W. Oliver unpublished)." 136446,Babyrousa celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Babyrousa,celebensis,,,,,"(Deninger, 1909)","

Groves (2001) and Meijaard and Groves (2002a, b) proposed to upgrade the three extant subspecies of Babyrousa to species level: B. celebensis from northern Sulawesi; B. togeanensis from the Togian islands; and B. babyrussa from Buru and the Sula Islands. A single skull from central Sulawesi may or may not represent the species known otherwise only as a subfossil from the southern peninsula, B. bolabatuensis. The taxonomic identity of the individuals from central, eastern and southeastern Sulawesi was left undecided. For this reason we treat all individuals occurring on Sulawesi, Muna, Buton and Lembeh as belonging to one taxonomic unit, as was the case in the old taxonomy. All animals from Sulawesi, Muna, Buton and Lembeh are therefore treated as Babyrousa celebensis, pending resolution of the taxonomy. A large taxonomic study based on skull and tooth morphology as well as molecular genetic analyses is close to completion.

" 136472,Babyrousa togeanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Babyrousa,togeanensis,,,,,"(Sody, 1949)","

Groves (2001) and Meijaard and Groves (2002a ,b) proposed to upgrade the three extant subspecies of Babyrousa to species level: B. celebensis from northern Sulawesi; B. togeanensis from the Togian islands; and B. babyrussa from Buru and the Sula Islands. A single skull from central Sulawesi may or may not represent the species known otherwise only as a subfossil from the southern peninsula, B. bolabatuensis. The taxonomic identity of the individuals from central, eastern and southeastern Sulawesi was left undecided. Until further studies have brought clarity, all animals occurring on Sulawesi, Muna, Buton and Lembeh are treated here as Babyrousa celebensis.  A large taxonomic study based on skull and tooth morphology as well as molecular genetic analyses is close to completion.

" 157805,Stenagostus zuercheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Stenagostus,zuercheri,,,,,"(Reitter, 1905)", 157726,Stenagostus laufferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Stenagostus,laufferi,,,,,"(Reitter, 1904)", 157759,Procraerus cretensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Procraerus,cretensis,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 1996", 157743,Lacon kapleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,kapleri,,,,,"Platia & Schimmel, 1994", 157740,Lacon graecus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,graecus,,,,,"(Candèze, 1857)", 157747,Haterumelater schembrii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Haterumelater,schembrii,,,,,"(Platia, 1985)", 44136401,Leptopalaemon gibbosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptopalaemon,gibbosus,,,,,"Short, Humphrey & Page, 2013", 44136476,Leptopalaemon gudjangah,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptopalaemon,gudjangah,,,,,"Short, Humphrey & Page, 2013", 44136428,Leptopalaemon magelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Leptopalaemon,magelensis,,,,,"Short, Humphrey & Page, 2013", 44161887,Gehyra georgpotthasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,georgpotthasti,,,,,"Flecks, Schmitz, Böhme, Henkel & Ineich, 2012","Flecks et al. (2012) examined the systematics of the Gehyra vorax species complex using both molecular and morphological data, and described this species based on populations from Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands previously included within G. vorax." 157721,Triplax andreinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,andreinii,,,,,"Pic, 1930",The species status for this species is doubtful. It seems to be published only in the original description by Pic 1930 and in the old italian fauna of Porta. Is a taxon name valid for Fauna Europaea. However the taxon is not included in any of the recent taxonomic reviews. 157773,Propomacrus cypriacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCHIRIDAE,Propomacrus,cypriacus,,,,,"Alexis & Makris, 2002", 157725,Melasis fermini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Melasis,fermini,,,,,"Sánchez-Ruiz & de la Rosa, 2003", 157670,Microrhagus hummleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EUCNEMIDAE,Microrhagus,hummleri,,,,,"Reitter, 1911", 157693,Dorcus alexisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Dorcus,alexisi,,,,,"Muret & Drumont, 1999", 165907,Clinidium canaliculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Clinidium,canaliculatum,,,,,"(Costa, 1839)", 157934,Seidlitzella procera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Seidlitzella,procera,,,,,"(Kraatz, 1858)", 4162,Cephalorhynchus hectori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Cephalorhynchus,hectori,,,,,"(van Beneden, 1881)","

The North Island subpopulation of Hector’s Dolphin is recognized as a subspecies, Cephalorhynchus hectori maui (Baker et al. 2002), with the common name Māui Dolphin, and has been assessed separately.  The common name Hector’s Dolphin refers either to the whole species, or to the nominate subspecies, C. h. hectori, depending on context.

" 157857,Protaetia sardea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Protaetia,sardea,,,,,"(Gory & Percheron, 1833)", 157642,Ampedus hispanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,hispanicus,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 1999", 157576,Ampedus pulcher,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,pulcher,,,,,"(Baudi, 1871)","Dolin (1988) considers this species as A. apicalis Reitter, 1889. This species was at first described as Elater pulcher v. apicalis. Then quoted as E. pulcher Baudi (Gurieva, 1957); E. pulcher v. apicalis (Yacobson, 1913); E. pulcher Baudi (Pliginskii, 1916). According to Lobl and Smetana (2007) there are two separate species: Ampedus pulcher (occurs in Cyprus, Turkey) and A. apicalis (occurs in in Ukraine, Greece).

More research is needed on the taxonomy." 157708,Ampedus pyrenaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,pyrenaeus,,,,,"Zeising, 1981", 157767,Brachygonus gratiosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Brachygonus,gratiosus,,,,,"Platia & Schimmel, 1991", 157589,Ampedus talamellii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,talamellii,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 2000", 192020,Boiga drapiezii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,drapiezii,,,,,"(H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827)","Leviton (1968) recognized both Boiga drapiezii and B. schultzei but could not determinate their true relationships. Both taxa were treated as full species pending a better definition of B. drapiezii. Alcala (1986) and Greene (1989) regard B. schultzei as a valid species rather than as a synonym of B. drapiezii, and this arrangement is followed here, although recently Leviton et al. (2018). suggested that both B. schultzei and B. angulata will prove to be colour morphs of B. drapiezii following further research.

All characters of scalation and colouration of specimens from Gia Lai province in Viet Nam are in accordance with those of specimens from Thailand-Malaysia and from Indonesian populations. The absence of records from southern Laos and Cambodia can probably be explained by poor investigation of this territory (Orlov et al. 2003).
" 192161,Dendrelaphis formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,formosus,,,,,"(Boie, 1927)", 192015,Dendrelaphis kopsteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,kopsteini,,,,,"Vogel & van Rooijen, 2007","Dendrelaphis kopsteini, D. formosus and D. cyanochloris have frequently been confused in the literature, although D. kopsteini is the only one with bright red or orange neck colouration." 183191,Lycodon subannulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,subannulatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 183192,Lycodon tristrigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,tristrigatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","Leviton (1959) suggested that this species may be conspecific with Dryocalamus (now Lycodon) philippinus, to which it was described as being very similar in the original description. As of Leviton et al. (2018) this issue remains unresolved, but this assessment follows these authors in assigning Philippine records to L. philippinus." 176842,Lycodon effraenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,effraenis,,,,,"Cantor, 1847", 192147,Oligodon signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,signatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Oligodon subcarinatus is treated as a synonym of O. signatus following Tillack and Günther (2010), who examined type specimens of both species." 183203,Opisthotropis typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,typica,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)",No taxonomic issues. 192036,Pareas nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,nuchalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900","Specimens listed as Pareas carinatus from Borneo might refer to this species. Recent genetic evidence (Guo et al. 2011) indicates that these two species form a clade that is sister to remaining Pareas species, suggesting that a revision of the generic name for P. carinatus and P. nuchalis may be warranted." 178274,Trimeresurus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,sumatranus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 192149,Stoliczkia borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Stoliczkia,borneensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899","This genus has two species, the other (S. khasiensis) is restricted to the Khasi Hills in India." 44550971,Amphisbaena medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,medemi,,,,,"Gans & Mathers, 1977", 44550993,Mesobaena huebneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Mesobaena,huebneri,,,,,"Mertens, 1925", 44551004,Mesobaena rhachicephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Mesobaena,rhachicephala,,,,,"Hoogmoed, Pinto, Da Rocha & Pereira, 2009", 44551013,Anolis aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,aequatorialis,,,,,"Werner, 1894", 44577183,Anolis binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,binotatus,,,,,"Peters, 1863","Nicholson et al. (2012) considered the names Anolis binotatus and Norops binotatus as nomina dubia, but provided no justification for this contention. This species may be conspecific with Anolis lemniscatus and A. bitectus, in which case Anolis binotatus will be the oldest available name, and research is ongoing to clarify the status of these taxa (F. Ayala et al. in prep.). A. lemniscatus and A. bitectus were not included in the phylogeny of Poe et al. (2017), who reported that their unpublished results suggest these taxa are not valid, and the taxonomy of these taxa is presently subject to investigation (F. Ayala pers. comm. 2019)." 44577194,Anolis maculiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,maculiventris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 44577203,Anolis agassizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,agassizi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1900", 44577216,Anolis anchicayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,anchicayae,,,,,"Poe, Velasco, Miyata & Williams, 2009", 44577227,Anolis anoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,anoriensis,,,,,"Velasco, Gutiérrez-Cárdenas & Quintero-Angel, 2010", 44577238,Anolis antioquiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,antioquiae,,,,,"Williams, 1985", 44577251,Anolis antonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,antonii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908","Due to morphological similarity and unclear geographic boundaries between these species, it has been unclear whether Anolis antonii, A. mariarum, and A. tolimensis (which replace each other geographically along the Cauca and Magdalena river valleys) are separate species. Recent studies have found that these taxa can be distinguished on molecular (Poe et al. 2017) and morphometric (Grisales-Martínez et al. 2017) grounds." 44577265,Anolis apollinaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,apollinaris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1919", 44577278,Anolis bombiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bombiceps,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 44577293,Anolis calimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,calimae,,,,,"Ayala, Harris & Williams, 1983", 44577307,Anolis concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,concolor,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 44577320,Anolis danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,danieli,,,,,"Williams, 1988", 44577331,Anolis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fasciatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 44577347,Anolis gaigei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gaigei,,,,,"Ruthven, 1916", 44577361,Anolis gorgonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gorgonae,,,,,"Barbour, 1905", 44577372,Anolis gracilipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gracilipes,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 44577387,Anolis heterodermus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,heterodermus,,,,,"Duméril, 1851", 44577400,Anolis huilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,huilae,,,,,"Williams, 1982", 44577413,Anolis ibague,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ibague,,,,,"Williams, 1975","The validity of this species is uncertain, as it is only known from one specimen and the description is inadequate (J. Velasco pers. comm. 2013)." 44577426,Anolis inderenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,inderenae,,,,,"(Rueda & Hernández-Camacho, 1988)", 44577441,Anolis lamari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lamari,,,,,"Williams, 1992", 44577452,Anolis lyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lyra,,,,,"Poe, Velasco, Miyata & Williams, 2009", 44577463,Anolis macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,macrolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 44577482,Anolis mariarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,mariarum,,,,,"Barbour, 1932","Due to morphological similarity and unclear geographic boundaries between these species, it has been unclear whether Anolis antonii, A. mariarum, and A. tolimensis (which replace each other geographically along the Cauca and Magdalena River valleys) are separate species. Recent studies have found that these taxa can be distinguished on molecular (Poe et al. 2017) and morphometric (Grisales-Martínez et al. 2017) grounds." 44577495,Anolis medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,medemi,,,,,"Ayala & Williams, 1988", 44577506,Anolis menta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,menta,,,,,"Ayala, Harris & Williams, 1984", 44577519,Anolis mirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,mirus,,,,,"Williams, 1963", 44577530,Anolis nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,nicefori,,,,,"Barbour, 1932", 44577547,Anolis notopholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,notopholis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 44577562,Anolis onca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,onca,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1875)", 44577592,Anolis ortonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ortonii,,,,,"Cope, 1868",Specimens reported to belong to this species by Molina et al. (2003) instead represent Anolis fuscoauratus (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2015). 44577638,Anolis paravertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,paravertebralis,,,,,"Bernal-Carlo & Roze, 2005", 44577649,Anolis peraccae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,peraccae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 44577660,Anolis princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,princeps,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 44577673,Anolis propinquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,propinquus,,,,,"Williams, 1984","This species may be a synonym of Anolis calimae (M.R. Castañeda and J. Valencia pers. comm. 2014), which was described from a closely adjacent locality." 44577684,Anolis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,punctatus,,,,,"Daudin, 1802", 44577699,Anolis purpurescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,purpurescens,,,,,"Cope, 1899","Batista et al. (2015) found that the holotype of Anolis purpurescens is conspecific with Anolis chocorum, based on a comparison with individuals collected near the type locality of the latter species. These authors formally synonymized A. chocorum within A. purpurescens. Batista et al. (2015) described a new species, Dactyloa (=Anolis) maia, from records north of the southern Darién previously assigned to A. chocorum." 44577708,Anolis radulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,radulinus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 44577719,Anolis rivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rivalis,,,,,"Williams, 1984", 44577743,Anolis santamartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,santamartae,,,,,"Williams, 1982", 44577756,Anolis scypheus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,scypheus,,,,,"Cope, 1864", 44577767,Anolis solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,solitarius,,,,,"Ruthven, 1916", 44577780,Anolis sulcifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,sulcifrons,,,,,"Cope, 1899", 44577793,Anolis tolimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tolimensis,,,,,"Werner, 1916","Due to morphological similarity and unclear geographic boundaries between these species, it has been unclear whether Anolis antonii, A. mariarum, and A. tolimensis (which replace each other geographically along the Cauca and Magdalena river valleys) are separate species. Recent studies have found that these taxa can be distinguished on molecular (Poe et al. 2017) and morphometric (Grisales-Martínez et al. 2017) grounds." 44577804,Anolis trachyderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,trachyderma,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 44577819,Anolis transversalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,transversalis,,,,,"Duméril in Duméril & Duméril, 1851", 44577835,Anolis umbrivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,umbrivagus,,,,,"Bernal-Carlo & Roze, 2005", 44577846,Anolis vaupesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,vaupesianus,,,,,"Williams, 1982", 44577859,Anolis vicarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,vicarius,,,,,"Williams, 1986", 178735,Hemidactylus palaichthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,palaichthus,,,,,"Kluge, 1969", 44578076,Alopoglossus atriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Alopoglossus,atriventris,,,,,"Duellman, 1973", 44578087,Alopoglossus buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Alopoglossus,buckleyi,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1881)", 44578102,Alopoglossus copii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Alopoglossus,copii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 44578111,Alopoglossus festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Alopoglossus,festae,,,,,"Peracca, 1904", 44578120,Alopoglossus lehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Alopoglossus,lehmanni,,,,,"Ayala & Harris, 1984", 44578129,Anadia altaserrania,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,altaserrania,,,,,"Harris & Ayala, 1987", 44578138,Anadia blakei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,blakei,,,,,"Schmidt, 1932", 44578148,Anadia bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,bogotensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 44578163,Anadia brevifrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,brevifrontalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","This taxon appears to be a species complex, with four morphologically distinct populations that are thought to represent distinct species (J.E. García-Pérez pers. comm. 2016)." 44578175,Anadia bumanguesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,bumanguesa,,,,,"Rueda-Anmonacid & Caicedo, 2004",This taxon may be a synonym of A. steyeri (Rivas et al. 2012). 44578184,Anadia escalerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,escalerae,,,,,"Myers, Rivas & Jadin, 2009","The two known specimens of Anadia escalerae differ in several characters discussed by Kok et al. (2013). Additionally both specimens are reported to be damaged, further complicating identification (Kok et al. 2013). As interspecific variation in A. escalerae is entirely unknown, and the two specimens were taken in the same biogeographic region, Kok et al. (2013) conservatively assign the second specimen to A. escalerae, but caution that this identification is provisional." 44578192,Anadia hobarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,hobarti,,,,,"La-Marca & Garcia-Perez, 1990", 44578212,Anadia pamplonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,pamplonensis,,,,,"Dunn, 1944", 44578223,Anadia pariaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,pariaensis,,,,,"Rivas, La Marca & Oliveros, 1999", 44578233,Anadia petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,petersi,,,,,"Oftedal, 1974", 44578254,Anadia rhombifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,rhombifera,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 44578273,Anadia steyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,steyeri,,,,,"Nieden, 1914", 44578294,Arthrosaura guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,guianensis,,,,,"MacCulloch & lathrop, 2001", 44578302,Arthrosaura hoogmoedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,hoogmoedi,,,,,"Kok, 2008", 44578311,Arthrosaura montigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,montigena,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 2008", 44578320,Arthrosaura reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,reticulata,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1881)", 44578343,Arthrosaura testigensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,testigensis,,,,,"Gorzula & Senaris, 1999", 44578351,Arthrosaura tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,tyleri,,,,,"(Burt & Burt, 1931)", 44578365,Arthrosaura versteegii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,versteegii,,,,,"Lidth de Jeude, 1904", 44578378,Bachia bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,bicolor,,,,,"(Cope, 1896)", 44578395,Bachia guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,guianensis,,,,,"Hoogmoed & Dixon, 1977", 44578412,Bachia heteropa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,heteropa,,,,,"(Weigmann, 1856)","Following molecular evidence that Bachia heteropa is a species complex (Kohlsdorf and Wagner 2006, Kohlsdorf et al. 2010) Murphy et al. (2019) conducted a revision of Bachia heteropa in the Caribbean and adjacent Venezuela incorporating both morphological and molecular data. These authors confirmed specific status for B. alleni (proposed by Kohlsdorf and Wagner 2006 based on small sample sizes), elevated three other recognized subspecies and junior synonyms to specific level, and described an additional species, B. beebei, from populations previously included within B. heteropa." 44578433,Bachia pyburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,pyburni,,,,,"Kiziran & McDiarmid, 1998", 44578476,Pholidobolus dicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,dicrus,,,,,"(Uzzell, 1973)", 44578488,Cercosaura eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Griffin, 1917)", 44578511,Cercosaura manicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,manicata,,,,,"O'Shaughnessy, 1881", 44578522,Cercosaura nigroventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,nigroventris,,,,,"(Gorzula & Senaris, 1999)", 44578534,Cercosaura ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,ocellata,,,,,"Wagler, 1830","Sturaro et al. (2018) revised the Cercosaura ocellata species complex, redescribing C. ocellata itself, elevating the former subspecies C. o. bassleri to specific level, removing C. olivacea from synonymy and describing the new species C. anordosquama.

It has been suggested that differences in colouration between northern coastal and southern populations in French Guiana indicate long isolation and possibly represent different species (IUCN France 2016). These populations were not included in the analysis by Sturaro et al. (2018)." 44578545,Cercosaura parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,parkeri,,,,,"(Ruibal, 1952)", 44578569,Cercosaura phelpsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,phelpsorum,,,,,"(Lancini, 1968)","Taxonomic studies are recommended to clarify the relation with Cercosayua goeleti, considered as a full species by several authors and as a junior synonym of C. phelpsorom by others (Rivas et al. 2012). This account follows Rivas et al. (2012) in considering C. goeleti a junior synonym of C. phelpsorum." 44578581,Cercosaura steyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,steyeri,,,,,"(Tedesco, 1998)", 44578602,Iphisa elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Iphisa,elegans,,,,,"Gray, 1851", 44578613,Loxopholis hexalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,hexalepis,,,,,"(Ayala & Harris, 1982)", 44578624,Loxopholis ioanna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,ioanna,,,,,"(Uzzell & Barry, 1971)",This may not be a distinct species but may be synonymous with Leposoma southi (see comment in Uetz and Hošek 2016). 44578633,Neusticurus bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Neusticurus,bicarinatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 44578658,Neusticurus racenisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Neusticurus,racenisi,,,,,"Roze, 1958", 44578670,Neusticurus rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Neusticurus,rudis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 44578695,Potamites ecpleopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Potamites,ecpleopus,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)","This species was reassigned from Neusticurus to the new genus Potamites by Doan and Castoe (2005), in work following a wider molecular analysis of relationships within Gymnophthalmidae. While this arrangement has subsequently been widely followed, and has been adopted here, Rodrigues et al. (2007) argue that the taxonomic changes proposed by Castoe et al. (2004) - and by implication those of Doan and Castoe (2005) - are premature based on limited taxon sampling and morphological similarities between taxa recovered as distinct by Castoe et al. (2004).

This species, which has the largest distribution of any Potamites species, has a somewhat complex taxonomic history, summarized by Chávez and Vásquez (2012), as a result of uncertainty regarding the validity and distribution of Potamites ocellatus. This latter taxon is presently considered valid and known with certainty only from Bolivia following Vanzolini (1995), who assigned Peruvian records of P. ocellatus to the P. ecpleopus species complex sensu lato, but the relationship between these two taxa and their relative distributions remain unclear. Further research on the systematics of P. ecpleopus may also reveal cryptic species within this complex." 44578710,Potamites montanicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Potamites,montanicola,,,,,"Chávez & Vásquez, 2012", 44578718,Potamites ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Potamites,ocellatus,,,,,"(Sinitsin, 1930)", 44578730,Potamites strangulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Potamites,strangulatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 44578768,Riama hyposticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,hyposticta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 44578798,Riama meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,meleagris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)", 44578813,Riama simotera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,simotera,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1879)", 44578837,Riama striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,striata,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 44578852,Tretioscincus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Tretioscincus,agilis,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1916)", 44578882,Tretioscincus oriximinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Tretioscincus,oriximinensis,,,,,"Avila-Pires, 1995", 44578890,Enyalioides cofanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,cofanorum,,,,,"Duellman, 1973", 44578903,Enyalioides laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,laticeps,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1855)", 44578920,Enyalioides microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,microlepis,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1881)", 44578956,Enyalioides palpebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,palpebralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)", 44578980,Enyalioides praestabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,praestabilis,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1881)", 44579003,Enyalioides rubrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,rubrigularis,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, De Queiroz & Etheridge, 2009", 44579021,Enyalioides rudolfarndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,rudolfarndti,,,,,"Venegas, Duran, Landauro & Lujan, 2011", 44579029,Enyalioides touzeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,touzeti,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, Almendáriz, Valencia, Yúnez-Muños & Reyes, 2008", 44579049,Phyllodactylus transversalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,transversalis,,,,,"Huey, 1975", 44579060,Phyllodactylus ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,ventralis,,,,,"O'Shaughnessy, 1875", 44579219,Marisora falconensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,falconensis,,,,,"(Mijares-Urrutia & Arends, 1997)", 44579239,Varzea altamazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Varzea,altamazonica,,,,,"(Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas, Chaparro-Auza, 2006)", 44579268,Gonatodes concinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,concinnatus,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1881)",Colombian specimens previously identified as G. concinnatus are were described as G. riveroi by Sturaro and Avila-Pires (2011). 44579283,Gonatodes humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,humeralis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1855)","Pinto et al. (2019) evaluated the taxonomic status of the Gonatodes humeralis using molecular data. While these authors found that, contrary to these authors' expectations and evidence from similar studies on other Amazonian lizards, this widespread species is monotypic in mainland South America, they found that the populations from Trinidad and Tobago are specifically distinct. Pinto et al. (2019) resurrect the name G. ferrugineus for the Trinidadian species, although these authors note that the two taxa cannot presently be distinguished morphologically. 
Following the recognition by Rösler et al. (2019) that the holotype of Cnemaspis timoriensis represents the first known specimen of Gonatodes humeralis, these authors report that an application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is in preparation to preserve the name humeralis for this taxon in order to preserve nomenclatural stability." 44579331,Lepidoblepharis buchwaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,buchwaldi,,,,,"Werner, 1910", 44579339,Lepidoblepharis conolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,conolepis,,,,,"Avila-Pires, 2001", 44579349,Lepidoblepharis festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,festae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1897)","Colombian records of this species refer to Lepidoblepharis colombianus, which prior to Vanzolini (1978) was considered a subspecies of L. festae and possibly conspecific with L. xanthostigma (J. Arredondo pers. comm. 2010)." 44579362,Lepidoblepharis grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,grandis,,,,,"Miyata, 1985", 44579370,Lepidoblepharis heyerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,heyerorum,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1978", 44579378,Lepidoblepharis hoogmoedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,hoogmoedi,,,,,"Avila-Pires, 1995", 44579417,Lepidoblepharis oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,oxycephalus,,,,,"(Werner, 1894)", 44579460,Pseudogonatodes barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pseudogonatodes,barbouri,,,,,"(Noble, 1921)", 44579483,Pseudogonatodes gasconi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pseudogonatodes,gasconi,,,,,"Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed, 2000", 44579491,Pseudogonatodes guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pseudogonatodes,guianensis,,,,,"Parker, 1935", 44579522,Pseudogonatodes peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pseudogonatodes,peruvianus,,,,,"Huey & Dixon, 1970", 44579533,Sphaerodactylus heliconiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,heliconiae,,,,,"Harris, 1982", 44579542,Holcosus anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,anomalus,,,,,"(Echternacht, 1977)", 44579564,Holcosus bridgesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,bridgesii,,,,,"Cope, 1869", 44579592,Ameiva praesignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,praesignis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)",This species was described from within the Ameiva ameiva species complex (Ugueto and Harvey 2011). 44579609,Holcosus septemlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,septemlineatus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)", 44579645,Dracaena guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Dracaena,guianensis,,,,,"Daudin, 1802", 44579658,Dracaena paraguayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Dracaena,paraguayensis,,,,,"Amaral, 1950", 44579671,Kentropyx altamazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,altamazonica,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 44579684,Kentropyx borckiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,borckiana,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","Kentropyx borckiana represents a unisexual clone that originated from one or more parthenogenetic hybrids between Kentropyx calcarata x K. striata, the other two species of this genus known from the Guiana region (Cole et al. 1995)." 44579698,Kentropyx calcarata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,calcarata,,,,,"Spix, 1925","This species is difficult to distinguish from Kentropyx altamazonica, and taxonomists have long struggled to separate the two reliably (Harvey et al. 2012). These authors reported that K. calcarata may be more variable in characters assumed to be diagnostic than previously supposed, but as this work was not a species-level taxonomic treatment further research is needed to clarify species boundaries within the altamazonica-calcarata complex." 44579710,Kentropyx lagartija,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,lagartija,,,,,"Gallardo, 1962", 44579718,Kentropyx paulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,paulensis,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)", 44579732,Kentropyx pelviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,pelviceps,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 44579747,Kentropyx striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,striata,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)",This is a species complex (J.C. Murphy pers. comm. 1997). 44579760,Kentropyx vanzoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,vanzoi,,,,,"Gallagher & Dixon, 1980", 44579781,Tupinambis teguixin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Tupinambis,teguixin,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The systematics of Tupinambis teguixin remain poorly studied, with Fitzgerald et al. (1999) describing the taxonomy as “tortuous.”  Investigating the genetics of this taxon, these authors found that “…the split among T. teguixin from Cuyabeno, Ecuador and Roraima, Brazil was comparable to differences between T. teguixin and T. longilineus and even to that between T. rufescens and T. merianae.” This issue remains in need of resolution; Harvey et al. (2012) have supported the view that T. teguixin is indeed a complex of multiple taxa.

There are two common names applied to Tupinambis teguixin in the pet trade and popular literature, the golden tegu and the black and white tegu (Balsai 1998); suggesting differences in coloration. The name ""black and white"" tegu is also commonly applied to Salvator merianae. These two species have been long confused in the scientific and popular literature. Beebe (1945) was well aware of the variation in coloration and pattern in neonates and adults. He wrote, “The tegu is a large, heavily-built lizard, with considerable pattern and color variation. In general it is black above, spotted and blotched on the head and body and broadly banded on the tail with bright yellow. The young are banded from nape to tail tip.” In the same paper he later wrote, “Another pattern of unusual prominence was four longitudinal series of white dashes down the back from the nape to three-fourth’s the length of the tail.”" 44579798,Salvator duseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Salvator,duseni,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1910)", 44579806,Tupinambis longilineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Tupinambis,longilineus,,,,,"Avila-Pires, 1995", 44579822,Salvator rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Salvator,rufescens,,,,,"(Günther, 1871)", 44579832,Plica pansticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Plica,pansticta,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 2001)", 44579844,Plica plica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Plica,plica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Plica plica is a widespread, common species known to be morphologically variable across its range (M. Hoogmoed pers. comm. 2015, Murphy and Jowers 2013). De Oliveira et al. (2016), sampling the species across its range, identified five genetic lineages with a major division between the Guiana Shield and Amazonia, although their sample sizes were small and they proposed no taxonomic action.

Murphy and Jowers (2013) reviewed the taxonomy of northern subpopulations using both morphological and molecular evidence and coined new names for four populations: P. caribbeana, P. kathleenae, P. medemi and P. rayi.

The primary goal of these latter authors' work was ""not to revise the entire species group"" but to identify avenues for further research. These new taxa were consequently supported by data from a small number of specimens, and two of the proposed species are based only on their holotypes, Given the likely complexity of taxonomic issues within the variable P. plica, M. Hoogmoed (pers. comm. 2015) argues that Murphy and Jowers (2013) were premature in assigning novel names to these taxa, which were erected without reference to existing meristic data (M. Hoogmoed pers. comm. 2019), and research is underway in Brazil to investigate the systematics of this genus. In an earlier examination of the specimen Murphy and Jowers (2013) designated the holotype of P. kathleenae, Hoogmoed (1973) could find no morphological differences between this specimen and material of typical P. plica from Guyana and Suriname, and ongoing taxonomic work suggests that this is not a good species (S. Gomides pers. comm. 2018).

In order to preserve nomenclatural stability, this account treats P. caribbeana, P. kathleenae, P. rayi and P. medemi as junior synonyms of P. plica pending a more comprehensive review of the putative P. plica complex." 44579859,Plica umbra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Plica,umbra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Plica umbra is a species complex whose taxonomy is presently unresolved (T. Hrbeck pers. comm. 2016). A revision of the genus is presently underway that is likely to change our understanding of species boundaries in both P. plica and P. umbra (S. Gomides pers. comm. 2018). 44579876,Stenocercus bolivarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,bolivarensis,,,,,"Castro & Ayala, 1982", 44579887,Stenocercus erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,erythrogaster,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1856)", 44579900,Stenocercus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)", 44579917,Stenocercus iridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,iridescens,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 44579963,Uracentron azureum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Uracentron,azureum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 44579982,Uracentron flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Uracentron,flaviceps,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1855)", 44579997,Uranoscodon superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Uranoscodon,superciliosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 44580012,Corallus blombergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,blombergi,,,,,"(Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941)", 44580027,Corallus grenadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,grenadensis,,,,,"(Barbour, 1914)", 44580041,Eunectes murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eunectes,murinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 44580058,Eunectes notaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Eunectes,notaeus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 44580068,Chironius bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,bicarinatus,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 44580082,Chironius carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,carinatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 44580095,Chironius challenger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,challenger,,,,,"Kok, 2010", 44580103,Chironius fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,fuscus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 44580132,Chironius monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,monticola,,,,,"Roze, 1952", 44580143,Chironius multiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,multiventris,,,,,"Schmidt & Walker, 1943","In a wide-ranging revision of Chironius Hollis (2006) elevated Chironius cochranae, then a subspecies of C. multiventris, to specific status. Klazcko et al. (2010) subsequently synonymized C. cochranae within C. multiventris, as they were unable to find any characters that could differentiate the two taxa." 44580154,Chironius quadricarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,quadricarinatus,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 44580168,Chironius scurrulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,scurrulus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)", 44580183,Chironius septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,septentrionalis,,,,,"Dixon, West & Cei, 1993", 44580193,Drymoluber apurimacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymoluber,apurimacensis,,,,,"Lehr, Carrillo & Hocking, 2004", 44580203,Drymoluber brazili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymoluber,brazili,,,,,"(Gomes, 1918)", 44580218,Drymoluber dichrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymoluber,dichrous,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 44580233,Atractus andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,andinus,,,,,"Prado, 1944",The taxonomic status of Atractus andinus and A. attenuates is under investigation and is likely to be revised in the near future (P. Passos pers. comm. 2019). 44580253,Atractus arangoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,arangoi,,,,,"Prado, 1939", 44580271,Atractus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,attenuatus,,,,,"Myers & Schargel, 2006",The taxonomic status of Atractus andinus and A. attenuatus is under investigation and is likely to be revised in the near future (P. Passos pers. comm. 2019). 44580280,Atractus avernus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,avernus,,,,,"Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage, 2009", 44580298,Atractus charitoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,charitoae,,,,,"Silva Haad, 2004", 44580307,Atractus chthonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,chthonius,,,,,"Passos & Lynch, 2010", 44581051,Atractus echidna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,echidna,,,,,"Passos, Mueses-Cisneros, Lynch & Fernandes, 2009", 44581060,Atractus franciscopaivai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,franciscopaivai,,,,,"Silva Haad, 2004", 44581069,Atractus heliobelluomini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,heliobelluomini,,,,,"Silva Haad, 2004", 44581089,Atractus iridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,iridescens,,,,,"Peracca, 1896", 44581120,Atractus lehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,lehmanni,,,,,"Boettger, 1898", 44581131,Atractus loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,loveridgei,,,,,"Amaral, 1930", 44581169,Atractus medusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,medusa,,,,,"Passos, Mueses-Cisneros, Lynch & Fernandes, 2009","Ongoing work investigating the systematics of Ecuadorian Atractus suggests that morphological characters may not reliably differentiate species (Cisneros-Heredia in prep.) Molecular results for Atractus medusa, which is included in this study, are not yet available but it is possible that Ecuadorian records referred to this species are not conspecific with Atractus medusa (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2016)." 44581189,Atractus melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,melas,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 44581225,Atractus natans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,natans,,,,,"Hoogmoed & Prudente, 2003", 44581234,Atractus nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,nigriventris,,,,,"Amaral, 1933", 44581245,Atractus obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,obesus,,,,,"Marx, 1960", 44581256,Atractus occipitoalbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,occipitoalbus,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)", 44581282,Atractus orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,orcesi,,,,,"Savage, 1955", 44581291,Atractus paisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,paisa,,,,,"Passos, Fernandes & Lynch, 2009", 44581300,Atractus pamplonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,pamplonensis,,,,,"Amaral, 1937", 44581322,Atractus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,sanguineus,,,,,"Prado, 1944", 44581333,Atractus titanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,titanicus,,,,,"Passos, Fernandes & Lynch, 2009", 44581342,Atractus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,torquatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Three species of Atractus described by da Silva (2004), A. davidhardi, A. janethae and A. lucilae, are treated as junior synonyms of A. torquatus following Passos and Prudente (2012), who found that the characters used to diagnose them were variable throughout Amazonian populations and could not be used to recognize discrete species. These authors consider it unlikely that more than one lineage of ""A. torquatus"" exists within the Amazon Basin, however, further research is required to clarify whether this Amazonian population is genuinely conspecific with Guiana Shield A. torquatus (Passos and Prudente 2012)." 44581357,Atractus trivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,trivittatus,,,,,"Amaral, 1933", 44581368,Atractus typhon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,typhon,,,,,"Passos, Mueses-Cisneros, Lynch & Fernandes, 2009", 44581377,Atractus univittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,univittatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)",The taxonomic relationship between A. fuliginosus and A. univittatus needs resolution (Rivas et al. 2012). 44581392,Atractus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,variegatus,,,,,"Prado, 1942", 44581403,Atractus vertebrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,vertebrolineatus,,,,,"Prado, 1941", 44581414,Atractus wagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,wagleri,,,,,"Prado, 1945", 44581425,Atractus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,werneri,,,,,"Peracca, 1912","Rueda-Almonacid (2009) regarded this species as synonymous with Atractus crassicaudatus, but Passos and Lynch (2010) showed them to be diagnosable based on hemipenial morphology." 44581436,Atractus zidoki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,zidoki,,,,,"Gasc & Rodrigues, 1979","Records of this species from Brazilian Amazonia (Cunha and Nascimento 1984) were described as a distinct species, Atractus hoogmoedi, by Prudente and Passos (2010)." 44581456,Dipsas ellipsifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,ellipsifera,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","This species was previously a member of the Dipsas oreas complex, from which it was elevated by Cadle (2005)." 44581469,Dipsas gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,gracilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 44581484,Dipsas pratti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,pratti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 177558,Erythrolamprus pyburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,pyburni,,,,,"(Markezich & Dixon, 1979)", 44581678,Erythrolamprus pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,pygmaea,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 44581695,Imantodes chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Imantodes,chocoensis,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, Yánez-Muñoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendáriz, 2012", 44581708,Erythrolamprus miliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,miliaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",It is a species complex (See Dixon 1983). 44581723,Erythrolamprus reginae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,reginae,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Records from Trinidad and Venezuela are now recognized as a distinct species, Erythrolamprus zweifeli (Rivas et al. 2012). Records from Tobago were described as the new species E. pseudoreginae by Murphy et al. (2019). Coluber violaceus, a taxon known only from a lost holotype, has long been treated as a junior synonym of E. reginae. " 44581738,Erythrolamprus taeniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,taeniurus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)",Recently included in the genus Erythrolamprus. 44581753,Erythrolamprus typhlus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,typhlus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This taxon is a species complex (Dixon 1987). 44581770,Erythrolamprus vitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,vitti,,,,,"(Dixon, 2000)", 44581779,Saphenophis antioquiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Saphenophis,antioquiensis,,,,,"(Dunn, 1943)", 44581794,Saphenophis atahuallpae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Saphenophis,atahuallpae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1901)", 44581808,Saphenophis boursieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Saphenophis,boursieri,,,,,"(Jan, 1867)", 44581823,Saphenophis sneiderni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Saphenophis,sneiderni,,,,,"Myers, 1973", 44581834,Saphenophis tristriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Saphenophis,tristriatus,,,,,"(Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941)", 44581847,Synophis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Synophis,bicolor,,,,,"Peracca, 1896","The taxonomy of Synophis bicolor has historically been complicated, as the type locality is uncertain and significant morphological differences have long been recognized between Colombian and Ecuadorian populations, but the species is rare in collections (Torres-Carvajal et al. 2015). Competing results were presented by Pyron et al. (2015) and Torres-Carvajal et al. (2015) further confusing the true identity of this species. Consequently, Pyron et al. (2016) - involving members of both research groups -  formally redescribed this species, re-evaluating the identity of specimens used in the prior reasons." 44581858,Synophis calamitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Synophis,calamitus,,,,,"Hillis, 1990", 44581867,Synophis plectovertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Synophis,plectovertebralis,,,,,"Sheil & Grant, 2001", 44581876,Thamnodynastes gambotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,gambotensis,,,,,"Perez-Santos & Moreno, 1989",A record from Colomia's Guajira Peninsula that Campbell and Lamar (2004) suggested may be referrable to T. gambotensis was found to represent T. paraguanae by Bailey and Thomas (2007). 44581885,Micrurus narduccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,narduccii,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 44581900,Micrurus renjifoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,renjifoi,,,,,"(Lamar, 2003)", 44581913,Micrurus scutiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,scutiventris,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)", 44581931,Micrurus bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,bocourti,,,,,"Jan, 1873","Valencia et al.  (2016) synonymized Micrurus catamayensis within M. bocourti. This proposed synonymy is complicated by uncertainty surrounding the precise type locality of M. bocourti, and consequent uncertainty over whether the specimens examined by this author are topotypical (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2018)." 44581946,Micrurus camilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,camilae,,,,,"Renjifo & Lundberg, 2003", 44581955,Micrurus medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,medemi,,,,,"Roze, 1967", 44581968,Micrurus nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,nattereri,,,,,"Schmidt, 1952","Passos and Fernandes (2005) elevated this taxon to species level, from a subspecies of Micrurus surinamensis." 44581983,Micrurus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,obscurus,,,,,"(Jan, 1872)","Micrurus obscurus is now considered a full species by many authors (most recently Savage and McDiarmid 2017), and this scheme is followed here, however, it is considered a subspecies of M. spixii by Campbell and Lamar (2004)." 44582007,Micrurus ornatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,ornatissimus,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)", 44582018,Micrurus psyches,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,psyches,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","Micrurus psyches is a complex, and the original description was poorly done and vague.  There are several as-yet unidentified black-and-white coral snakes in Colombia (specifically the Cordillera Oriental and La Macarena), and records of M. psyches from this country are likely to represent confusion with one or more of these." 44582033,Micrurus putumayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,putumayensis,,,,,"Lancini, 1962", 44582044,Micrurus remotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,remotus,,,,,"Roze, 1987", 44582057,Micrurus sangilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,sangilensis,,,,,"Niceforo Maria, 1942", 44582072,Micrurus spixii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,spixii,,,,,"Wagler, 1824","Micrurus obscurus is now considered a full species by many authors (most recently Savage and McDiarmid 2017), and this scheme is followed here, however, it is considered a subspecies of M. spixii by Campbell and Lamar (2004)." 44582094,Micrurus surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,surinamensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)","Micrurus nattereri, previously a subspecies of M. surinamensis, was elevated to specific status by Passos and Fernandes (2005)." 44582109,Epictia signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,signata,,,,,"(Jan, 1861)","Epictia amazonica was removed from synonymy with E. signata by Natera-Mumaw et al. (2015) based on a reexamination of the holotype, and this scheme has been accepted by subsequent authors." 44582124,Amerotyphlops minuisquamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,minuisquamus,,,,,"(Dixon & Hendricks, 1979)", 44582135,Bothrops atrox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,atrox,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species has a complex taxonomic history, and was formerly considered to include the now generally-recognized species Bothrops leucurus, B. moojeni, B. marajoensis, and B. isabelae. The taxonomic status of a further form described from Venezuela, Bothrocophias colombiensis (the Colombian type locality being in error), was discussed by Johnson and Dixon (1984) and these authors concluded that it could not be reliably diagnosed as a taxon distinct from Bothrops atrox. The species has subsequently been treated as a junior synonym of B. atrox. Recent molecular analyses have, however, recovered a cryptic clade unrelated to B. atrox within this species complex, to which the authors have applied the name B. colombiensis (Pyron et al. 2011). There is, however, no clarity on either the diagnosis or geographical distribution of ""true"" B. colombiensis, and as such it is not clear whether the name B. colombiensis has been correctly applied to these sequences (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2014). Pending further research to clarify this situation, which ""will not be solved now"" (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2014), and because no formal taxonomic action has been taken to resurrect B. colombiensis, this account follows Johnson and Dixon (1984) and most subsequent authorities in treating B. colombiensis as a junior synonym of B. atrox." 44582160,Bothrops ayerbei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,ayerbei,,,,,"Folleco-Fernandez, 2010",Ramirez-Chaves and Solari (2014) published a note declaring Bothrops ayerbei as an unavailable name under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nature as the species description was published in an electronic publication before 2011. 44582169,Bothrops brazili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,brazili,,,,,"Amaral, 1923", 44582180,Bothrops venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,venezuelensis,,,,,"Sandner-Montilla, 1952", 44647819,Xenagama wilmsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Xenagama,wilmsi,,,,,"Wagner, Masuch and Bauer 2013 ","Parker (1942) recognized geographical variation within Xenagama batillifera, identifying a variant in the extreme west of the species' range characterized by differences in tail morphology. In revising Xenagama, Wagner et al. (2013) described this western form as the new species X. wilmsi based on both morphological and molecular data." 44647835,Sphenomorphus aignanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,aignanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","Recent large collections from eastern New Guinea and its outlying islands have allowed the taxonomy of Sphenomorphus aignanus to be investigated. Formerly this species was understood to occur along the north coast of Papua New Guinea (with inland records from the Owalama and Sibium Mountain Range in Oro Province), and on a number of islands in the D’Entrecasteaux and Louisiade Archipelagos (Zweifel 1976, Kraus and Allison 2004, Allison and Iova 2009, Goldberg et al. 2009, G. Shea. pers. coms. 2014).

This research has revealed that specimens from the type locality, Misima Island, are morphologically and genetically distinct from populations elsewhere, which themselves represent a series of undescribed single-island endemics separate from both S. aignanus and the mainland taxon (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). This account considers the name S. aignanus to refer to the Misima population alone." 18227168,Agonus cataphractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,AGONIDAE,Agonus,cataphractus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18155960,Ammodytes tobianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMMODYTIDAE,Ammodytes,tobianus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",There are issues of taxonomic quality within the family Ammodytidae (Nizinski in press). 18155963,Gymnammodytes semisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMMODYTIDAE,Gymnammodytes,semisquamatus,,,,,"(Jourdain, 1879)","There are issues of taxonomic quality within the family Ammodytidae (Nizinski in press). Prior to the revision by Sabatés et al. (1990), the accepted description of G. cicerelus included two species: G. cicerelus and G. semisquamatus." 18155982,Hyperoplus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMMODYTIDAE,Hyperoplus,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Le Sauvage, 1824)",There are issues of taxonomic quality within the family Ammodytidae (Nizinski in press). 18138798,Sciadonus cryptophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Sciadonus,cryptophthalmus,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1911)", 185156,Microlipophrys canevae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Microlipophrys,canevae,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1880)", 185162,Parablennius ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,ruber,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","Based on molecular data, Parablennius ruber is a sister species of Parablennius gattorugine, with which it forms a very differentiated clade within the genus Parablennius (Almada et al. 2005). Its validity as a separate species has been confirmed by Almeida (1982) and Bath (1982)." 18214503,Arnoglossus grohmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,grohmanni,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1837)","There has been considerable historical confusion regarding the taxonomic validity of this species. It has often been considered a synonym of Arnoglossus kessleri." 18138812,Melodichthys hadrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Melodichthys,hadrocephalus,,,,,Nielsen & Cohen 1986, 198554,Callionymus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,reticulatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1837", 198637,Callionymus risso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,risso,,,,,"Lesueur, 1814", 176279,Micrelaps bicoloratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Micrelaps,bicoloratus,,,,,"Sternfeld, 1908","This species has two subspecies:
M. bicoloratus bicoloratus Sternfield, 1908
M. bicoloratus moyeri Rasmussen, 2002." 176273,Amblyodipsas teitana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,teitana,,,,,"Loveridge, 1936","As the species is known from only one specimen, S. Spawls (pers. comm. 2014) raises the possibility that it may be an aberrant specimen of a better-known species." 176276,Aparallactus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,capensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849",The relationship between Aparallactus capensis and A. nigriceps (of southern Mozambique) should be investigated if possible. 18258072,Entelurus aequoreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Entelurus,aequoreus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 44791483,Ameles gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,gracilis,,,,,"(Brulle, 1838)", 44791491,Ameles limbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,limbata,,,,,"(Brulle, 1838)", 44792105,Pseudoyersinia betancuriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,betancuriae,,,,,"Wiemers, 1993", 44792108,Pseudoyersinia brevipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,brevipennis,,,,,"Yersin, 1860", 44792111,Pseudoyersinia canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,canariensis,,,,,"Chopard, 1942", 44792114,Pseudoyersinia lagrecai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,lagrecai,,,,,"Lombardo, 1984", 44792117,Pseudoyersinia paui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,paui,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1898)", 44792219,Pseudoyersinia pilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,pilipes,,,,,"Chopard, 1954", 44792252,Pseudoyersinia subaptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,subaptera,,,,,"Chopard, 1942", 44792287,Pseudoyersinia teydeana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Pseudoyersinia,teydeana,,,,,"Chopard, 1942", 44791603,Ameles assoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,assoi,,,,,"Bolivar, 1873", 44791345,Ameles decolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,decolor,,,,,"Charpentier, 1825", 44791577,Ameles heldreichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,heldreichi,,,,,"Brunner, 1882", 44791613,Ameles picteti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,picteti,,,,,"Saussure, 1869", 44791655,Ameles spallanzania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,spallanzania,,,,,"(Rossi, 1792)", 44790903,Blepharopsis mendica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,EMPUSIDAE,Blepharopsis,mendica,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 44792563,Bolivaria brachyptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,RIVETINIDAE,Bolivaria,brachyptera,,,,,"Pallas, 1773", 44790994,Empusa fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,EMPUSIDAE,Empusa,fasciata,,,,,"Brulle, 1832", 44791037,Empusa pennata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,EMPUSIDAE,Empusa,pennata,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1815)", 44791046,Empusa pennicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,EMPUSIDAE,Empusa,pennicornis,,,,,"Pallas, 1773", 44791129,Hypsicorypha gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,EMPUSIDAE,Hypsicorypha,gracilis,,,,,"Burmeister, 1838", 44791239,Iris oratoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,EREMIAPHILIDAE,Iris,oratoria,,,,,"Linne, 1758", 44791269,Iris polystictica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,EREMIAPHILIDAE,Iris,polystictica,,,,,"Fischer-Waldheim, 1846", 44793247,Mantis religiosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Mantis,religiosa,,,,,"(Linne, 1758)", 44790778,Perlamantis alliberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,AMORPHOSCELIDAE,Perlamantis,alliberti,,,,,"Guerin-Meneville, 1843", 44792855,Rivetina baetica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,RIVETINIDAE,Rivetina,baetica,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)", 44793236,Rivetina syriaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,RIVETINIDAE,Rivetina,syriaca,,,,,"Saussure, 1869", 44793352,Sphodromantis viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Sphodromantis,viridis,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)", 170371,Agama mwanzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,mwanzae,,,,,"Loveridge, 1923","A. mwanzae was previously regarded as a subspecies of A. planiceps Peters, 1862 (Spawls et al. 2002)." 154631,Citharichthys gymnorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,gymnorhinus,,,,,"Gutherz & Blackman, 1970", 189780,Prisodon syrmatophorus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Prisodon,syrmatophorus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)", 16084353,Chorthippus alticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,alticola,,,,,"Ramme, 1921", 44710554,Bradyporus macrogaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Bradyporus,macrogaster,,,,,"(Lefebvre, 1831)","Two subspecies are known: Callimenus macrogaster macrogaster and C. m. longicollis, defined on mostly subtle differences in the female subgenital plate." 196956,Chirindia ewerbecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Chirindia,ewerbecki,,,,,"Werner, 1910","Amphisbaena nanguruwensis was relegated to a subspecies of Chirindia ewerbecki by Gans and Rhodes (1967), and this scheme was subsequently followed by Broadley and Howell (1991), Spawls et al. (2018) and Uetz and Hallerman (2012). Gans (2005) treated the two taxa as full species, but as he provided no justification for this action his scheme is not followed here." 196961,Chirindia rondoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Chirindia,rondoensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1941)", 196962,Chirindia swynnertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Chirindia,swynnertoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907","This account provisionally follows recent authors (Broadley and Howell 1991, Branch et al. 2005, Spawls et al. 2018) in treating the Tanzanian Amphisbaenula orientalis as a junior synonym of Chirindia swynnertoni (contra Gans 2005, who assigns A. orientalis to Chirindia without discussion, but recognizes it as a valid species). While Broadley and Howell (1991) simply note ""NEW SYNONYMY"" without providing justification for this action, Branch et al. (2005) note that neither of these species has been well-diagnosed and that the characters used to distinguish them are of dubious validity. These latter authors therefore prefer to retain the synonymy pending the collection of further material and genetic analysis. Gans (2005) also treats C. bushbyi (known only from ""Amatongas"" in Mozambique) as a full species; as this assignment was not discussed, this taxon is considered a junior synonym of C. swynnertoni here following Broadley and Gans (1978)." 44647862,Geocalamus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Geocalamus,acutus,,,,,"Sternfeld, 1912", 44647866,Geocalamus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Geocalamus,modestus,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 176242,Loveridgea ionidesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Loveridgea,ionidesii,,,,,"(Battersby, 1950)", 135993,Melanophryniscus admirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,admirabilis,,,,,"Di-Bernardo, Maneyro & Grillo, 2006", 1615,Choranthias salmopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Choranthias,salmopunctatus,,,,,"(Lubbock & Edwards, 1981)", 21133184,Cosmocampus retropinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,retropinnis,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 176361,Atractus snethlageae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,snethlageae,,,,,"da Cunha & do Nascimento, 1983", 176355,Atractus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,major,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894",Schargel et al. (2013) referred Atractus arangoi to the synonymy of A. major. 176351,Atractus bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,bocourti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 44647956,Chamaesaura miopropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Chamaesaura,miopropus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Chamaesaura macrolepis (e.g. Spawls et al. 2002), but has more recently been treated as a full species (e.g. Stanley et al. 2011, Spawls et al. 2018, Uetz et al. 2021)." 44647979,Chamaesaura tenuior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Chamaesaura,tenuior,,,,,"Günther, 1895","This species was until recently considered a subspecies of Chamaesaura anguina. Genetic evidence recovers the two forms as sister taxa, however, the genetic (as well as geographic) distance between them is ""significant"" (Stanley et al. 2011). Based on this and the existence of reliable diagnostic features, these authors elevated C. anguina to species level." 44885488,Congolacerta asukului,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Congolacerta,asukului,,,,,"Greenbaum, Villanueva, Kusamba, Aristote & Branch , 2011", 44647984,Cordylus beraduccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,beraduccii,,,,,"Broadley & Branch, 2002","This species is listed as Cordylus sp. by Spawls et al. (2018), shortly prior to the publication of the species' formal description (Broadley and Branch 2002). The two specimens attributed to C. beraduccii included in genetic analysis by Greenbaum et al. (2012) exhibited divergent branch lengths in these authors' phylogeny, possibly indicative of the presence of cryptic species (Greenbaum et al. 2012)." 44647989,Cordylus tropidosternum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,tropidosternum,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)","This is a widespread species with numerous junior synonyms, and molecular research is required to understand the systematics of this possible species complex (Stanley et al. 2011). A morphologically similar East African form, Cordylus beraduccii, was described based on material formerly included within C. tropidosternum (Broadley and Branch 2002), and has since been found to be genetically distinct (Stanley et al. 2011). These latter authors also elevated the southern subspecies, C. t. jonesii, to full species status. It may yet prove to be the case, as first suggested by Loveridge (1944), that Tanzanian C. tropidosternum represent a different species from the nominate form, but research is needed to determine this (Stanley et al. 2011). C. angolensis, a poorly-described species whose sole known specimen was destroyed and which was for a long time considered a junior synonym of C. tropidosternum, is here treated as a valid species following Branch et al. (2005) and subsequent workers, however Branch et al. (2005) note that its status remains problematic." 187803,Centrolabrus exoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Centrolabrus,exoletus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 187714,Symphodus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,cinereus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)",The subpopulations in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons may comprise a separate subspecies (J.P. Quignard pers. comm. 2008). 44648121,Lygodactylus angularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,angularis,,,,,"Günther, 1893","The Tanzanian Lygodactylus angularis grzimeki was described as a subspecies, but was treated as a full species in some recent literature on East African Lygodactylus (Spawls et al. 2002, Röll et al. 2010) and this treatment was followed in an earlier Red List assessment. As the justification for considering it a full species is unclear, and it is not included in the most recent guide to East African reptiles (Spawls et al. 2018), this account follows that source and older literature in regarding it as a subspecies of L. angularis." 44928917,Urocotyledon palmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Urocotyledon,palmata,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1902)", 44928937,Urocotyledon rasmusseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Urocotyledon,rasmusseni,,,,,"Bauer & Menegon, 2006", 44928996,Urocotyledon wolterstorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Urocotyledon,wolterstorffi,,,,,"(Tornier, 1900)", 44929247,Tetradactylus ellenbergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,ellenbergeri,,,,,"(Angel, 1922)", 44929605,Ichnotropis bivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ichnotropis,bivittata,,,,,"Bocage, 1866",This is considered to be a complex of several species that needs additional taxonomic review. 44929655,Ichnotropis chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ichnotropis,chapini,,,,,"Schmidt, 1919", 44929734,Ichnotropis microlepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ichnotropis,microlepidota,,,,,"Marx, 1956","Van den Berg (2017) noted that the taxonomic status of this species was in doubt, however, after examination of the collections it has been confirmed to be a good species (L. Ceríaco pers. comm. 2019)." 44929924,Thrasops jacksonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thrasops,jacksonii,,,,,"Günther, 1895","Thrasops schmidti was elevated to specific status by Broadley and Wallach (2002) on morphological and biogeographical grounds, having previously been considered a subspecies of T. jacksonii." 44929978,Naja annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,annulata,,,,,"Peters, 1876","This species was included within Boulengerina until this genus was synonymized within Naja by Wüster et al. (2007), whose findings confirmed an arrangement first suggested by Nagy et al. (2005). Subsequently, Wallach et al. (2009) revived Bouleringina as a subgenus and expanded its content. Subspecies: Naja annulata annulata (Buchholz & Peters, 1876) is found in Gabon." 44930348,Prosymna semifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,semifasciata,,,,,"Broadley, 1995", 44647998,Cordylus ukingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,ukingensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)",Three specimens attributed to this species (without examination) by Loveridge (1944) have instead been found to represent Cordylus tropidosternum (Broadley and Branch 2002). 198765,Syngnathus acus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,acus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Syngnathus temminckii is a valid species, and the southern African portion of the previously assessed S. acus is in fact under that name (Mwale et al. 2013)." 44648006,Platysaurus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,maculatus,,,,,"Broadley, 1965","

This species currently comprise two valid subspecies Platysaurus m. maculatus and Platysaurus m. lineicauda, although current studies shows at least two cryptic lineages present in northern Mozambique (Whiting pers. comm. June 2019). Stanley et al. (2011) retain the subspecific division, but do not include either subspecies in their analysis and so their relationship to one another remains unresolved. An isolated subpopulation in the Zambezi Valley, probably represents a separate species (D. Broadley pers. comm. in Branch et al. 2005), but is retained in this account pending formal taxonomic action. There is a single subpopulation from Tanzania in Masasi  (Spawls et al. 2018) that has not been phylogenetically investigated.

" 29410,Ptychoglossus gorgonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,gorgonae,,,,,"Harris, 1994", 62254,Lachesis muta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Lachesis,muta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 174092,Atractus obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,obtusirostris,,,,,"Werner, 1916", 174093,Atractus poeppigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,poeppigi,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)", 174105,Micrurus isozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,isozonus,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)", 174106,Micrurus multiscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,multiscutatus,,,,,"Rendahl & Vestergren, 1940",This species is a member of a confusing assemblage of bicoloured coral snakes which requires further research to confirm the validity of currently recognized forms (Campbell and Lamar 2004). 176259,Liotyphlops argaleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,argaleus,,,,,"Dixon & Kofron, 1984","Dixon and Kofron (1984) refer two literature records of ""Liotyphlops anops"" from Dunn (1944), from Santander and Cundinamarca, to L. argaleus, while cautioning that they were not able to examine these specimens and that they may instead represent a new species.

This action was accepted by Vanzolini (in Peters and Donoso-Barros 1986) but has since been the source of some confusion as McDiarmid et al. (1999) suggested this assignment may be uncertain, although Dixon and Kofron (1984) removed these records from the distribution of L. anops. Santos (2018) consequently includes Santander and Cundinamarca within the distribution of L. anops  (adding further to the confusion, this author apparently maps the wrong type locality for L. anops, placing it in Meta Department)." 176350,Atractus biseriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,biseriatus,,,,,"Prado, 1941", 176352,Atractus crassicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,crassicaudatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Specimens originally classed as Atractus crassicaudatus collected from Panama have been redescribed as A. imperfectus Myers, 2003." 176357,Atractus nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,nicefori,,,,,"Amaral, 1930", 176788,Dipsas catesbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,catesbyi,,,,,"(Sentzen, 1796)", 176791,Dipsas pavonina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,pavonina,,,,,"Schlegel, 1837", 176793,Plesiodipsas perijanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Plesiodipsas,perijanensis,,,,,"(Aleman, 1953)","

The species was first described as Tropidodipsas perijanesis (Alemán 1953), Peters (1970) later transferred it to the genus Dipsas and finally, a new genus Plesiodipsas was created for the species (G.Rivas pers. comm. 2010).

" 176794,Dipsas sanctijoannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,sanctijoannis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 176796,Dipsas peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,peruana,,,,,"(Boettger, 1898)","

Harvey and Embert (2009) recently revised this species, expanded its known range, and added several names to its synonymy. A subsequent publication by the senior author (Harvey et al. 2009) provided additional information about the species’s morphology and a revised key to South American Dipsas. 

" 176797,Drymarchon caudomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymarchon,caudomaculatus,,,,,"Wüster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia, 2001", 176802,Echinanthera undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Echinanthera,undulata,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)","Historical records from Colombia (Perez-Santos and Moreno 1988) and Ecuador (Valencia 2007) of this Atlantic Forest endemic represent confusion with other species. The only voucher specimen in a Colombian collection belongs to the similar Taeniophallus brevirostris, while the description of Ecuadorian specimens does not match that of Echinanthera undulata (Passos et al. unpublished)." 176811,Helicops scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,scalaris,,,,,"Jan, 1865", 176818,Hydrops martii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydrops,martii,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)", 176819,Hydrops triangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydrops,triangularis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)", 177432,Oxyrhopus melanogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,melanogenys,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)","The recent description of Oxyrhopus vanidicus, which very closely resembles O. melanogenys, makes the specific identity of previously reported records of O. melanogenys in Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia uncertain (Lynch 2009). Examining specimens from Venezuela, Rivas et al. (2012) could find no consistent differences between O. vanidicus and O. melanogenys, raising doubts about the specific validity of O. vanidicus." 177433,Oxyrhopus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied in Spix, 1824)", 177506,Tantilla nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,nigra,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 177509,Urotheca dumerilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,dumerilli,,,,,"(Bibron, 1840)", 177513,Micrurus langsdorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,langsdorffi,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)","This species used to be recognized with two subspecies but now Micrurus langsdorffi ornatissimus (Jan, 1858) is considered a separate species." 177515,Philodryas argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,argentea,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","Zaher et al. (2009), in a molecular review of caenophidian snakes, found that Xenoxybelis was nested within Philodryas. These authors therefore synonymized Xenoxybelis with Philodryas." 177528,Pseudoeryx plicatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoeryx,plicatilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 177533,Synophis lasallei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Synophis,lasallei,,,,,"(Nicéforo-María, 1950)","Synophis lasallei is ""exceptionally likely"" to represent a species complex based on differences in characters reported for specimens examined by Pyron et al. (2015); these authors found that a sampled specimen was nested within S. bicolor." 177550,Xenopholis scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenopholis,scalaris,,,,,"(Wucherer, 1861)", 177552,Thamnodynastes pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,pallidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 177824,Lepidoblepharis colombianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,colombianus,,,,,"Mechler, 1968","A taxonomic revision is required since this taxon was first described as subspecies Lepidoblepharis festae colombianus by Mechler in 1968, and later elevated to species level by Vanzolini as L. columbianus in 1978. However, L. xanthostigma is reported to inhabit the same biogeographic zone in Colombia as L. columbianus, and these two may be conspecific. Further, the morphological difference between L. xanthostigma and L. columbianus are based on body size and other uninformative characters (J. Arredondo pers. comm. 2010)." 177901,Gelanesaurus cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gelanesaurus,cochranae,,,,,"(Burt & Burt, 1931)", 178200,Ptychoglossus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,bicolor,,,,,"(Werner, 1916)","The population situated on the eastern slopes of the Andes above Villavicencio may represent a hybrid or intergrade population between P. bicolor and P. nicefori (Loveridge, 1929). Further study is required. Harris (1994) suggests that this eastern record may represent an undescribed species, and it is not considered part of this species here." 178260,Cnemidophorus gramivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,gramivagus,,,,,"McCrystal & Dixon, 1987", 178328,Crocodilurus amazonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Crocodilurus,amazonicus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 178355,Cercosaura argulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,argulus,,,,,"Peters, 1863","The distributional pattern (occurring in Amazonia and the Colombian Andes) suggests this taxon may be a species complex (R. Caicedo pers. comm. 2013). It is widely confused with Cercosaura oshaughnessyi, with which it apparently co-occurs across much of its range. Some authors have elected to follow Uzzell (1973) in treating C. oshaughnessyi as a junior synonym of C. argulus pending resolution of the taxonomic relationship between these taxa, and Torres-Carvajal et al. (2015) found that the two taxa were only weakly differentiated both morphologically and genetically. While these authors did find that the two taxa exhibited reciprocal monophyly and recognized C. oshaughnessyi as distinct as a result, their sample included only two specimens of C. argulus and this account retains C. oshaughnessyi in synonymy with C. argulus pending confirmation of its status as a distinct species and clarification of its distributional limits." 178418,Alopoglossus angulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Alopoglossus,angulatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 178422,Gonatodes caudiscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,caudiscutatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 178425,Sphaerodactylus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,scapularis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 178428,Trilepida joshuai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,joshuai,,,,,"(Dunn, 1944)", 178477,Crotalus durissus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,durissus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

The taxonomic rearrangement of Campbell and Lamar (2004) (based on morphology) was corroborated by the molecular data of Wuster et al. (2005), confining Crotalus durissus (previously understood to range throughout the Neotropics) to South America (M. Martins, pers. comm. 2010). Rivas et al. (2012) propose recognizing the current subspecies Crotalus d. vegrandis from the lowlands of Maturín and Anzoátegui (northeastern Venezuela) as a full species based only on size and colour pattern. This scheme is adopted by the Reptile Database as of November 2018 (Uetz 2018), however, other works do not (Campbell and Lamar 2004, Wuster et al. 2005) and the recognition of this species would warrant more evidence than a smaller size and a peculiar colour pattern.

" 178499,Trilepida nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,nicefori,,,,,"(Dunn, 1946)", 178511,Bothrocophias myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrocophias,myersi,,,,,"Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001", 178582,Loxopholis parietalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,parietalis,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 178583,Bachia panoplia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,panoplia,,,,,"Thomas, 1965", 178605,Amerotyphlops reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,reticulatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This taxon actually may be a species complex; a range-wide taxonomic reevaluation is needed (Caicedo-Portilla 2011). It was formerly within the genus Typhlops but is now treated under Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 178609,Ptychoglossus stenolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,stenolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 137788491,Tropidurus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,torquatus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1820)","Tropidurus catalanensis was recently revalidated as a full species (Kunz and Borges-Martins 2013), having been relegated to subspecific status by Cei (1993). This action has since been accepted by Carreira and Maneyro (2015). Kunz and Borges-Martins (2013) identified additional groups within the T. torquatus species complex, including a restricted-range taxon from Brazil that they described as T. imbituba. Remaining northern populations of T. torquatus appear to belong to at least three taxa, however, Kunz and Borges-Martins (2013) considered the available sampling insufficient to describe these as separate taxa." 144801778,Bachia flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,flavescens,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1789)","Murphy et al. (2019) described specimens from Tobago previously included within B. flavescens as a new species, B. whitei. 

Bachia flavescens has long been recognized to be a species complex (Kizirian and McDiarmid 1998) encompassing ""a substantial number of taxa"" (Murphy et al.  2019) but has received little taxonomic attention. The holotype has been lost, there is no associated type locality, and the available illustration of the holotype is considered ""all but useless for identification"" (Murphy et al. 2019). These authors recommend that the name Bachia flavescens be considered a nomen nudum, arguing that the continued use of this name of unclear provenance to apply to a composite species is unhelpful in understanding the systematics of the remaining, undescribed members of this group. 

As the systematics of this group are poorly-understood and consequently no replacement names have been proposed for any of the populations  Murphy et al. (2019) refer to as Bachia cf. flavescens this account continues to use the name B. flavescens for this species complex." 178660,Anadia pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,pulchella,,,,,"Ruthven, 1926", 178678,Loxopholis percarinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,percarinatum,,,,,"(Müller, 1923)", 178683,Bachia trisanale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,trisanale,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","Three subspecies are recognized: Bachia trisanale trisanale (Cope, 1868), B. t. abendrothi (Peters, 1871) , and B. t. vermiformis (Cope, 1874).

Avila-Pires (1995) suggests that B. trisanale and B. peruana may not be distinct species, however, the author states that not enough specimens were available for examination to clarify this." 178717,Gonatodes hasemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,hasemani,,,,,"Griffin, 1917", 190507,Thecadactylus solimoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Thecadactylus,solimoensis,,,,,"Bergmann & Russell, 2007",Some authors believe that this species is not clearly distinguishable from Thecadactylus rapicauda (R. Caicedo pers. comm. 2013) 203191,Anomalepis colombia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Anomalepis,colombia,,,,,"Marx, 1953", 44960134,Acontias percivali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,percivali,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935","Lamb et al. (2010) elevated A. p. occidentalis to specific status based on morphological evidence and a highly allopatric distribution, an arrangement that had previously been suggested by Spawls et al. (2002). Lamb et al. (2010) also found A. p. tasmani to be nested within A. orientalis (itself a subspecies of A. meleagris prior to this revision) and formally synonymized it within this taxon. Following these changes, A. percivali is monotypic, representing only the former subspecies A. p. percivali. Unfortunately technical difficulties prevented the inclusion of A. p. percivali in the molecular analysis by Lamb et al. (2010) to elucidate its relationship with A. occidentalis and A. orientalis." 44960171,Acontias aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,aurantiacus,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Typhlosaurus aurantiacus were transferred to Acontias by Lamb et al. (2010). Broadley (1968, 1990) recognized five subspecies: A. a. aurantiacus, A. a. bazautotoensis, A. a. carolinensis, A. a. fitzsimonsi, and A a. parietalis. The later two speceis has been raised to species-level (Pietersen et al. 2018). The revised narrower concept of Acontias aurantiacus is now confined to Mozambique. Although KwaZulu-Natal subpopulations of this species have been referred to A. a. aurantiacus (e.g. Branch 1998), Broadley (1990) clarified that these, along with specimens from Inhaca Island, Mozambique, are referable to A. parietalis." 44960183,Acontias bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,bicolor,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1929)", 44960217,Acontias jappi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,jappi,,,,,"(Broadley, 1968)", 178032,Varanus scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,scalaris,,,,,"Mertens, 1941","There is significant taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species. Both Varanus scalaris and V. similis were previously thought to be part of the Varanus timorensis species group, but V. similis is now often considered to form a separate complex with V. scalaris (Bennett 1995, Böhme 2003), or to be a subspecies of V. scalaris (Smith et al. 2004). V. similis is likely to be elevated to full species status in the future (Smith et al. 2004), and the group is currently being researched (Smith et al. 2004, S. Sweet pers. comm.). While it is likely that V. scalaris may be split into as many as ten species in the future, V. s. similis alone may be three distinct species (Smith et al. 2004). While noting that it is presently regarded as a subspecies following Smith et al. (2004), Koch et al. (2013) treat V. similis as a full species although they take no taxonomic action. Given the taxonomic complexity within the V. scalaris complex, this account retains V. similis as a subspecies of V. scalaris pending a formal revision." 44978126,Acontias schmitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,schmitzi,,,,,"Wagner, Broadley & Bauer, 2012", 44978341,Typhlosaurus braini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlosaurus,braini,,,,,"Haacke, 1964", 44978884,Eumecia anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eumecia,anchietae,,,,,"Bocage, 1870", 44978895,Eumecia johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eumecia,johnstoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 44978907,Melanoseps longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,longicauda,,,,,"Tornier, 1900","This species was previously considered a variety of Melanoseps ater, but was elevated to full species status by Broadley and Howell (1991) and this arrangement has subsequently been accepted (Spawls et al. 2002, Broadley et al. 2006). The lectotype has been lost, but the original description suggests a generic assignment to Typhlacontias rather than Melanoseps (Broadley et al. 2006). This author uses both the name Melanoseps longicauda and the abbreviation T. longicauda to refer to this species, and considers the taxon incertae sedis pending recovery of the lectotype. Broadley et al. (2006) assign one of two historical records of M. longicauda, from a site along the Pangani River, to the newly-recognized M. pygmaeus." 44978922,Melanoseps uzungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,uzungwensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1942","This taxon was previously considered a subspecies of Melanoseps ater, but was elevated to specific status by Broadley (2000) following the collection of new material and comparison with the original specimens. This arrangement has subsequently been accepted (Spawls et al. 2002, Broadley et al. 2006)." 44978942,Proscelotes aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proscelotes,aenea,,,,,"(Barbour & Loveridge, 1928)", 44978956,Proscelotes arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proscelotes,arnoldi,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1932)","Phylogenetic study indicates that the subspecies on Mount Mulanje in Malawi represents a distinct species, and once elevated, the conservation of both taxa will need to be reassessed." 44978970,Proscelotes eggeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proscelotes,eggeli,,,,,"(Tornier, 1902)", 44978986,Scelotes uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,uluguruensis,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928", 44979096,Scelotes duttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,duttoni,,,,,"Broadley, 1990",This species belongs to the didactyle Scelotes bidigittatus group (Broadley 1994). The phylogenetic relationships of taxa within the genus Scelotes requires investigation. 44979152,Scelotes insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,insularis,,,,,"Broadley, 1990","This species was originally described as a subspecies, Scelotes arenicola insularis (Broadley 1990), but Broadley (1994) treats S. insularis as a full species. The type specimen is from Benguera Island (Broadley 1990, Broadley 1994)." 44979259,Scelotes poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,poensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1895", 44979270,Scolecoseps boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scolecoseps,boulengeri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1920",

The phylogenetic relationships of taxa within Scolecoseps requires investigation.

44979293,Sepsina angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sepsina,angolensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1866", 44979324,Sepsina bayonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sepsina,bayonii,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)", 44979338,Sepsina copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sepsina,copei,,,,,"Bocage, 1873", 44979348,Sepsina tetradactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sepsina,tetradactyla,,,,,"Peters, 1874", 44979405,Trachylepis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,boulengeri,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1911)", 44979420,Trachylepis brauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,brauni,,,,,"(Tornier, 1902)","The subpopulation on the Nyika Plateau, which in the past has been treated as a subspecies (Mabuya brauni hildae) and a separate species (Mabuya hildae), may represent a distinct species (W. Conradie and D. Pietersen pers. comm. 2019)." 44979509,Typhlacontias brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlacontias,brevipes,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1938", 44979528,Typhlacontias gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlacontias,gracilis,,,,,"Roux, 1907", 44979561,Typhlacontias johnsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlacontias,johnsonii,,,,,"Andersson, 1916", 44979606,Typhlacontias punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlacontias,punctatissimus,,,,,"Bocage, 1873", 44979618,Typhlacontias rohani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlacontias,rohani,,,,,"Angel, 1923", 44979628,Typhlacontias rudebecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlacontias,rudebecki,,,,,"Haacke, 1997", 44979636,Buhoma depressiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Buhoma,depressiceps,,,,,"(Werner, 1897)", 44979666,Buhoma vauerocegae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Buhoma,vauerocegae,,,,,"(Tornier, 1902)", 44979681,Duberria shirana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Duberria,shirana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 44979717,Pseudaspis cana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDASPIDIDAE,Pseudaspis,cana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Visser (2010) noted that males of the brown phase of this species from northern Namibia have much shorter and morphologically different hemipenes compared to specimens of the larger black phase in the Western and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa, and  that the northern subspecies Pseudaspis cana anchietae may be valid." 44979786,Leptotyphlops kafubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,kafubi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)", 44979849,Leptotyphlops nigroterminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,nigroterminus,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 44979875,Leptotyphlops pitmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,pitmani,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007","This species was described as a subspecies of Leptotyphlops scutifrons (Broadley and Wallach 2007), however, based on high levels of genetic divergence Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) elevated it to specific rank." 44979890,Leptotyphlops pungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,pungwensis,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 1997",This species is only known from the type and its phylogenetic distinctiveness needs to be clarified. Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) documented deep genetic diversity within the group. 44979898,Leptotyphlops scutifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,scutifrons,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","The species complex to which these snakes belong has a convoluted taxonomic history. Taxonomy of the group is only now being unravelled with the use of molecular analyses (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009). Previously, Leptotyphlops conjunctus and L. incognitus were treated as full species, or as subspecies of L. scutifrons (Broadley and Watson 1976, Broadley and Broadley 1999, Broadley and Wallach 2007). Additional subspecies of L. scutifrons recognized from East Africa by Broadley and Wallach (2007) have now been raised to species level (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009), removing L. scutifrons from this region but leaving its distribution records somewhat unclear. A preliminary molecular phylogeny (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009) has also identified numerous undescribed cryptic species within the L. scutifrons/conjunctus/incognitus complex that require fuller analysis." 44979927,Myriopholis ionidesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,ionidesi,,,,,"(Broadley & Wallach, 2007)", 44979951,Psammophis ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905","The taxonomic status of this species has been unclear due to the lack of recent material prior to Branch et al. (2019) due to its similarity to related taxa. These authors clarified that it warrants recognition as a good species related to Psammophis jallae, of which it has sometimes been considered a junior synonym." 44980001,Psammophis leopardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,leopardinus,,,,,"Bocage, 1887", 44980018,Psammophis mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,mossambicus,,,,,"Peters, 1882","Although a phylogenetic analysis suggested that Psammophis mossambicus may be a junior synonym of P. phillipsii (Kelly et al. 2008), recent work now assigns all records of P. phillipsi in Central Africa that are north, south and east of the Congo forest block to P. mossambicus and that P. phillipsii is restricted to West Africa (Trape et al. 2019). These authors synonymized P. occidentalis - variously treated as a full species or a subspecies of P. phillipsii - within P. mossambicus." 44980087,Psammophis zambiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,zambiensis,,,,,"Hughes, 2002", 44980097,Atheris acuminata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,acuminata,,,,,"Broadley, 1998", 44980108,Atheris broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,broadleyi,,,,,"Lawson, 1999", 44980116,Atheris desaixi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,desaixi,,,,,"Ashe, 1968", 44980127,Atheris hispida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,hispida,,,,,"Laurent, 1955", 44980140,Atheris katangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,katangensis,,,,,"De Witte, 1953", 44980150,Atheris mabuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,mabuensis,,,,,"Branch & Bayliss, 2009", 44980158,Atheris matildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,matildae,,,,,"Menegon, Davenport & Howett, 2011", 44980169,Atheris nitschei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,nitschei,,,,,"Tornier, 1902", 44980180,Atheris rungweensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,rungweensis,,,,,"Bogert, 1940",

A recent phylogenetic analysis of the genus Atheris indicates that A. rungweensis may contain additional cryptic species diversity (Menegon et al. 2014).

44980195,Atheris subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,subocularis,,,,,"Fischer, 1888","

While many authors refer to Atheris subocularis as A. squamigera, Lawson et al. (2001) provided evidence to support their consideration as a separate species. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences provide strong support (90%) for A. subocularis as a discrete clade that is possibly nested within its sister species A. squamigera. The exact evolutionary relationship between these species is unclear based solely on molecular data. The comparison of morphological measurements between four A. subocularis and 11 A. squamigera further distinguish these sister species from one another. The most notable differences are three measurements related to aspects of scalation and two to colouration.

" 177485,Elapsoidea nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,nigra,,,,,"Günther, 1888", 196907,Chondrodactylus turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Chondrodactylus,turneri,,,,,"(Gray, 1864)","

There has been extensive taxonomic confusion within Chondrodactylus, which is the subject of ongoing research (A. Bauer pers. comm. 2020). Four taxa presently accepted as species - C. turneri, C. laevigatus, C. pulitzerae and C. fitzsimonsi (Uetz et al. 2021) - have all previously been treated as subspecies of a single widespread species under the name C. turneri or C. laevigatus. Genetic evidence suggests that taxonomic issues remain within C. laevigatus (A. Bauer pers. comm. 2020). Due to a lack of clarity about range limits of these various taxa, which have been recognized as distinct based on phylogenetic work (Bauer and Lamb 2002, 2005; Heinz et al. 2011), these assessments follow preliminary work presented by A. Bauer, T. Jackman and I. Brennan at conferences (pers. comm. 2020), and for species other than C. turneri summarized by Marques et al. (2018).

" 44648012,Cnemaspis barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,barbouri,,,,,"Perret, 1986", 44648026,Cnemaspis quattuorseriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,quattuorseriata,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1912)", 44648034,Cnemaspis uzungwae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,uzungwae,,,,,"Perret, 1986", 178629,Elasmodactylus tetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Elasmodactylus,tetensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1952)","This species was formerly included within Pachydactylus, but was assigned to the resurrected genus Elasmodactylus by Branch et al. (2005)." 178726,Elasmodactylus tuberculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Elasmodactylus,tuberculosus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895","This is the type species of the genus Elasmodactylus, resurrected from synonymy with Pachydactylus by Bauer and Lamb (2005)." 20431538,Decapterus muroadsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,muroadsi,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)", 44648039,Hemidactylus longicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,longicephalus,,,,,"Bocage, 1873","This species previously was recorded from several countries in central Africa, but a recent taxonomic review restricts the range to southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. Central African records may be referred to Hemidactylus steindachneri, H. hecui, or another species.

The population in the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands usually referred to H. molleri represents an introduced population of H. longicephalus." 44648043,Lygodactylus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,angolensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1896", 55266,Alytes cisternasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Alytes,cisternasii,,,,,"Boscá, 1879", 44648156,Lygodactylus broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,broadleyi,,,,,"Pasteur, 1995", 196917,Lygodactylus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,capensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","A widespread species that previously had a number of poorly defined subspecies, however, most have been raised to full species (Röll et al. 2010) leaving one subspecies L. c. pakenhami. Rebelo et al. (2019) suggest that this subspecies is instead part of L. groetei, leaving L. capensis monotypic. 


" 44648228,Lygodactylus conradti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,conradti,,,,,"Matschie, 1892","Records of this species have previously been confused with the larger Lygodactylus gravis, which is known from nearby localities and may occur sympatrically with this species (Spawls et al. 2002)." 178198,Lygodactylus gravis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,gravis,,,,,"Pasteur, 1965", 44648362,Lygodactylus kimhowelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,kimhowelli,,,,,"Pasteur, 1995",Röll et al. (2010) found that this species is very closely related to Lygodactylus mombasicus and recommended that its taxonomic status should be investigated to confirm its validity. 18237151,Micrenophrys lilljeborgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Micrenophrys,lilljeborgii,,,,,"(Collett, 1875)", 198741,Taurulus bubalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Taurulus,bubalis,,,,,"(Euphrasen, 1786)", 18126034,Kumba dentoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Kumba,dentoni,,,,,"Marshall, 1973", 198585,Merlangius merlangus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Merlangius,merlangus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","In Georgia and Romania (Black Sea), the subspecies M. m. euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) is recorded." 18125103,Pollachius pollachius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Pollachius,pollachius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18125145,Raniceps raninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Raniceps,raninus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18125208,Trisopterus esmarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Trisopterus,esmarkii,,,,,"(Nilsson, 1855)", 18258584,Apletodon bacescui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Apletodon,bacescui,,,,,"(Murgoci, 1940)", 198605,Apletodon incognitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Apletodon,incognitus,,,,,"Hofrichter & Patzner, 1997", 18159126,Buenia jeffreysii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Buenia,jeffreysii,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 198654,Crystallogobius linearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Crystallogobius,linearis,,,,,"(Düben, 1845)", 198655,Deltentosteus collonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Deltentosteus,collonianus,,,,,"(Risso, 1820)", 198659,Gobius couchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,couchi,,,,,"Miller & El-Tawil, 1974", 155214,Gobius fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,fallax,,,,,"Sarato, 1889","

 Herler et al. (2005) clarified the status of G. fallax Sarato (1889). 

" 18159556,Gobius gasteveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,gasteveni,,,,,"Miller, 1974", 198663,Gobius roulei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,roulei,,,,,"de Buen, 1928", 155282,Gobius xanthocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,xanthocephalus,,,,,"Heymer & Zander, 1992","This species was previously (prior to 1992) identified as Gobius auratus (Risso 1810). This species is easily misidentified, especially with the yellow morph of G. auratus." 18159823,Lebetus scorpioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lebetus,scorpioides,,,,,"(Collett, 1874)","This species has been confused with Lebetus guilleti, Le Danois, 1913 (Herler and Kovacic 2002)." 18160573,Pomatoschistus lozanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,lozanoi,,,,,"(de Buen, 1923)", 198552,Pomatoschistus norvegicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,norvegicus,,,,,"(Collett, 1902)",Pomatoschistus norvegicus was previously considered a subspecies of P. minutus (P. minutus norvegicus) but has since been elevated to a valid species (Webb and Miller 1975). 198550,Pomatoschistus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,pictus,,,,,"(Malm, 1865)", 18160456,Ponticola cephalargoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,cephalargoides,,,,,"(Pinchuk, 1976)", 18159817,Gobiusculus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiusculus,flavescens,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1779)", 176848,Lycodonomorphus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,bicolor,,,,,"(Günther, 1893)", 18160468,Ponticola platyrostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,platyrostris,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)", 198669,Thorogobius ephippiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Thorogobius,ephippiatus,,,,,"(Lowe, 1839)", 176851,Lycophidion acutirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,acutirostre,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 18161514,Vanneaugobius pruvoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanneaugobius,pruvoti,,,,,"(Fage, 1907)","Vanneaugobius dollfusi Brownell, 1878 was considered a synonym of Vanneaugobius pruvoti, however Pallaoro and Kovačić (2000) collected additional specimens that are thought to belong to the valid species V. dollfusi." 18127828,Himantolophus compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,compressus,,,,,"(Osório, 1909)", 18237502,Careproctus aciculipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,aciculipunctatus,,,,,"Andriashev & Chernova, 1997", 18237516,Careproctus merretti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Careproctus,merretti,,,,,"Andriashev & Chernova, 1988", 154644,Liparis liparis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Liparis,liparis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 18237707,Liparis montagui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Liparis,montagui,,,,,"(Donovan, 1804)", 18237712,Paraliparis abyssorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,abyssorum,,,,,"Andriashev & Chernova, 1997", 18237739,Paraliparis bipolaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,bipolaris,,,,,"Andriashev, 1997", 18237772,Paraliparis hystrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,hystrix,,,,,"Merrett, 1983", 18237775,Psednos spirohira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Psednos,spirohira,,,,,"Chernova & Stein, 2002", 18125362,Ciliata mustela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Ciliata,mustela,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18125379,Ciliata septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Ciliata,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Collett, 1875)", 154880,Gaidropsarus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Gaidropsarus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 198590,Gaidropsarus vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Gaidropsarus,vulgaris,,,,,"(Cloquet, 1824)", 198592,Molva macrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Molva,macrophthalma,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)",This species was classified as a subspecies (Molva dypterygia macrophthalma) but is now recognized as a species (Cohen 1990). 18125838,Coryphaenoides profundicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,profundicolus,,,,,"(Nybelin, 1957)", 198601,Lepidion guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Lepidion,guentheri,,,,,"(Giglioli, 1880)", 2814,Bison bonasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bison,bonasus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

While the evolutionary history of the European Bison continues to be developed and debated, two subspecies are widely recognized as the Lowland Bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) and the Caucasian Bison (Bison bonasus caucasicus) (Kowalczyk and Plumb 2020).

" 199396,Ophichthus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,maculatus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 7949,Equus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE,Equus,africanus,,,,,"Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866","This taxon is sometimes treated under the specific name asinus. However, this is considered to be the name applied to the domestic form and is so generally rejected in favour of africanus. Gentry (2006) criticized the incorrect use of the name E. asinus for the Wild Ass by Grubb (2005). There are two recognized extant subspecies, although there is disagreement as to whether the African Wild Ass is one continuously distributed species exhibiting clinal variation (see Moehlman 2002, Moehlman et al. 2013). Groves (2002) lists a third unnamed subspecies from the Sahara, although these may not have been true Wild Asses." 7953,Equus kiang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE,Equus,kiang,,,,,"Moorcroft, 1841","The taxonomy of this species was revised by Groves and Mazak (1967) and Groves (1986), who with Bennett (1980) separated Equus kiang from Equus hemionus; Schlawe (1986) regarded kiang as a subspecies of hemionus. Recent population genetics research suggests that E. kiang is a subspecies of E. hemionus (Rosenbom et al. 2015). Three subspecies of Equus kiang are commonly recognized Equus k. kiang, E. k. holdereri and E. k. polyodon (Groves and Mazak 1967, Groves 1974, Shah 1994, Shah 2002, St-Louis and Côté 2009). These subspecies are known by their geographic range as the Western Kiang, Eastern Kiang and Southern Kiang, respectively." 41013,Equus quagga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE,Equus,quagga,,,,,"Boddaert, 1785","Groves and Bell (2004) described six subspecies of Equus quagga based on craniometric taxonomic methods, which showed all subspecies to be alike, and distinctly different from Mountain Zebras (Equus zebra). The six subspecies differ from one another in morphological characteristics, such as coat patterns and colouration, body size, and the presence (or absence) of a mane (Groves & Bell 2004). Although there is limited evidence for genetic diversity between subspecies and the classification may be a contested topic (Bennett 1980), a classification of subspecies can be useful as a way to emphasise ecological and morphological differences for management purposes. Following Groves and Bell (2004), six morphologically defined subspecies are listed as:
  • Equus q. crawshaii (Crawshay’s Zebra) occurs in east Zambia, east of Luangwa River, Malawi, south-eastern Tanzania, and Mozambique as far south as the Gorongoza district.

  • Equus q. borensis (Maneless Zebra) ranges over the northern parts of east Africa from north-west Kenya to the Karamoja district of Uganda and south-east Sudan, east of the Nile River (Boma National Park) to the northern limit of the species’ range (32 °N).

  • Equus q. boehmi (Grant’s Zebra or Boehm’s Zebra) is found in Zambia, west of the Luangwa River, west to Kariba, the Shaba Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo north to Kibanzao Plateau, Tanzania north from Nyangaui abnd Kibwezi into south-west Uganda, south-west Kenya, and east Kenya, east of the Rift Valley, into southern Ethiopia and perhaps to the Juba River in Somalia. This subspecies constitutes of over 75% of Africa’s Plain Zebra population, and the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem supports approximately 200,000 individuals (East 1997; Hack et al. 2002).

  • Equus q. chapmani (Chapman’s Zebra) ranges from north-east South Africa, from about 24 °S, 31 °E, north to Zimbabwe, west into Botswana at about 19 °S, 24 °E, across the Caprivi Strip in Namibia, and into southern Angola.

  • Equus q. burchellii (Burchell’s Zebra) formally occurred north of the Vaal/Orange Rivers, extending north-west via Botswana to Etosha National Park and the Kaokoveld, south-east to KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland. It is now extinct in the middle of its range. Equus. q. antiquorum is now included in this subspecies.

  • Equus q. quagga (Cape Quagga) occurred in the former Cape Province, south of the Orange and Vaal Rivers and west of the Drakensberg. This subspecies has been extinct since 1883.
Research indicates that the extinct E. q. quagga might differ morphologically from other Plains Zebra subspecies, but those differences are not sufficient to justify its classification as an independent species. Thus the extinct E. q. quagga should be considered a subspecies of E. quagga. From north to south of their geographic range, extant Plains Zebras show a gradual decline in the contrast between dark stripes and white interspaces, and an increase in body size is noted from east to south (Lorenzen et al. 2008). The extinct Cape Quagga, which was found at the southern limit of the species’ geographic range, exhibited the extreme case of this trend in pelage colouration (Groves & Bell 2004; Lorenzen et al. 2008)." 21471,Tapirus bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,TAPIRIDAE,Tapirus,bairdii,,,,,"(Gill, 1865)", 21472,Tapirus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,TAPIRIDAE,Tapirus,indicus,,,,,"Desmarest, 1819","Despite the wide distribution range and isolation (e.g. Sumatra) the Thai/Myanmar, the Malaysian/Southern Thailand and the Sumatran individuals cannot be genetically separated (Rovie-Ryan et al. 2008)." 21473,Tapirus pinchaque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,TAPIRIDAE,Tapirus,pinchaque,,,,,"(Roulin, 1829)", 21474,Tapirus terrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,TAPIRIDAE,Tapirus,terrestris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 2963,Brachylagus idahoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Brachylagus,idahoensis,,,,,"(Merriam, 1891)","Brachylagus idahoensis is currently classified as a single species without subspecies designation across the range (Hall 1981). In the past, it was included in the genus Sylvilagus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 3326,Bunolagus monticularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Bunolagus,monticularis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)",Generic synonym Lepus. 3833,Caprolagus hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Caprolagus,hispidus,,,,,"(Pearson, 1839)","Caprolagus hispidus was originally described as a Lepus, but shortly thereafter its unique characteristics clearly defined it as a separate genus. There are no recognized subspecies of Caprolagus hispidus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 11790,Lepus flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,flavigularis,,,,,"Wagner, 1844","No subspecies are recognized (Hall 1981, Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 11791,Lepus timidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,timidus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

There are currently 16 recognized subspecies: Lepus timidus ainu, L. t. begitschevi, L. t. gichiganus, L. t. hibernicus, L. t. kamtschaticus, L. t. kolymensis, L. t. kozhevnikovi, L. t. lugubris, L. t. mordeni, L. t. orii, L. t. scoticus, L. t. sibiricorum, L. t. sylvaticus, L. t. timidus, L. t. transbaicalicus, and L. t. varronis (Angerbjörn 2018).

" 11792,Lepus callotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,callotis,,,,,"Wagler, 1830","There are currently two recognized subspecies, Lepus callotis callotis and L. c. gaillardi (Anderson and Gaunt 1962, Hall 1981, Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Brown et al. 2018), evidence is accruing that these may represent independent species due to differences in habitat, physiology and behavior dividing the two forms, which are separated geographically. DNA analysis also suggests a possible third subspecies, the Altimira Jackrabbit (L. c. altimarae), presently described as L. californicus altimirae (Brown et al. 2016)." 11793,Lepus hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,hainanus,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1870",Lepus hainanus is currently recognized as a distinct species; previously it was classified as a subspecies of L. peguensis by past treatments (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). There are no recognized subspecies for L. hainanus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). 11794,Lepus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,insularis,,,,,"W. Bryant, 1891","No subspecies are recognized (Hall 1981, Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Lepus insularis has been recognized as a close relative to L. californicus found on mainland Baja, significant differences have been noted between the two to support its classification as a distinct species (Dixon et al. 1983). However, recent delineation of nuclear and mitochondrial differences, and the relatively small differences in the structure of a single bone in the skull (jugal) between L. insularis and L. californicus, do not support the specific level of L. insularis, thus this form may be considered a subspecies of L. californicus (Álvarez-Castañeda and Lorenzo 2017)." 11795,Lepus othus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,othus,,,,,"Merriam, 1900","The taxonomic status of the Alaskan Hare remains unclear, with some authorities suggesting, based on cranial or other morphometric measurements, that they are conspecific with Lepus arcticus and/or L. timidus. L. othus and L. arcticus also are known to share similar behavioral and ecological characteristics, yet, L. othus is geographically isolated and possesses different skull and incisor morphology from L. arcticus, and thus may warrant distinct taxonomic status.

Hall (1981) recognizes L. othus othus and L. o. poadromus as valid subspecies. Mammal Species of the World recognizes L. o. othus and L. o. tschuktschorum, listing poadromus as a nominate form synonym (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Currently, there are insufficient data on eastern Siberian populations of hares to determine if they are linked to L. othus or to L. timidus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). A recent molecular phylogenetic study of Arctic Hares suggests that the Chukotkan population of hares is more closely related to L. timidus, but more studies are required for conclusive distinction (Waltari et al. 2004). Should it be shown that linkage is to L. othus, ""then tschuktschorum Nordquist, 1883 has priority over othus Merriam, 1900"" (Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 11798,Lepus fagani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,fagani,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","There are no recognized subspecies for Lepus fagani (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Tolesa and Johnston 2018). It was previously considered a subspecies of both Lepus saxatilis and L. victoriae (Flux and Angermann 1990). Recent mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis indicates it is closely allied with both L. starcki, but particularly with L. habessinicus (Tolesa et al. 2017, Tolesa and Johnston 2018)." 14662,Nesolagus netscheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Nesolagus,netscheri,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1880)","There are no recognized subspecies of Nesolagus netscheri (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Nesolagus netscheri and N. timminsi are the only two extant species in the geneus Nesolagus. While there are general morphological similarities between the two species, genetic analyses indicate that there is considerable divergence and that the species likely separated during the Pliocene epoch roughly eight million years ago (Surridge et al. 1999)." 15046,Ochotona koslowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,koslowi,,,,,"(Büchner, 1894)","Ochotona koslowi is within subgenus Conothoa. There are no recognized subspecies (Smith et al. 1990). Ochotona koslowi is a sister taxon to O. ladacensis (Yu et al. 2000, Lissovsky 2014)." 15048,Ochotona forresti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,forresti,,,,,"Thomas, 1923","This species is within subgenus Conothoa. Following its original description, Ochotona forresti has at one time or another been assigned to O. thibetana, O. roylei, and O. pusilla (Smith et al. 1990). More recently two forms from within the core range of forresti (O. gaoligongensis and O. nigritia) were carved off as independent species, and an additional form, O. f. duoxianglaensis, was described from a region outside of its core distribution. Detailed morphometric and genetic studies have shown that O. forresti is an independent species and not aligned with thibetana, roylei or pusilla, and that it is confined to the Gaolingong ranges. The form duoxianglaensis from Xizang is apparently synonymous with O. thibetana. The forms gaoligongensis and nigritia are synonymous with forresti, being based on melanistic individuals that are otherwise typical forresti (Ge et al. 2012)." 15050,Ochotona iliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,iliensis,,,,,"Li & Ma, 1986","Ochotona iliensis is within subgenus Conothoa. There are no recognized subspecies (Smith et al. 1990, Li and Smith 2018)." 15051,Ochotona nubrica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,nubrica,,,,,"Thomas, 1922","this species is within subgenus Ochotona. There are two recognized subspecies: Ochotona nubrica lhasaensis and O. n. nubrica (includes O. n. aliensis and O. n. lama). Previously O. nubrica, while originally being described as an independent species, has been synonymized with O. pusilla, O. roylei, and O. thibetana. It is now clear from morphological and molecular analyses that it is an independent species and widely divergent from these forms. These analyses also indicate that nubrica does not form a single clade, but rather has undergone significant introgression with O. curzoniae (Lissovsky 2014)." 15052,Ochotona pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,pusilla,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)","Subgenus Lagotoma. There are currently two recognized subspecies: Ochotona pusilla angustifrons (east of the Ural River) and O. p. pusilla (west of the Ural River) (Smith et al. 1990). O. pusilla was formerly included in O. nubrica, O. forresti, and O. osgoodi (O. thibetana subspecies) (Smith et al. 1990)). This is a unique form of pika, and based on molecular evidence it stands alone in its subgenus (Lissovsky 2014)." 15053,Ochotona thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,thomasi,,,,,"Argyropulo, 1948","This species is in the subgenus Ochotona. There are no recognized subspecies of Ochotona thomasi (Smith et al. 1990, Hoffmann and Smith 2005). This form is clearly distinguished morphologically and genetically from all other species of pika (Lissovsky 2014)." 16559,Pentalagus furnessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Pentalagus,furnessi,,,,,"(Stone, 1900)",There are no recognized subspecies of Pentalagus furnessi (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). 19742,Romerolagus diazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Romerolagus,diazi,,,,,"(Ferrari-Pérez, 1893)",There are no recognized subspecies of Romerolagus diazi (Hall 1981). 21206,Sylvilagus graysoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,graysoni,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1877)",There are two recognized subspecies: Sylvilagus graysoni graysoni and S. g. badistes (Cervantes 1997). S. graysoni is closely related to the adjacent mainland species S. cunicularius (Chapman and Ceballos 1990). 21207,Sylvilagus insonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,insonus,,,,,"(Nelson, 1904)",There are no recognized subspecies of Sylvilagus insonus (Hall 1981). 21209,Sylvilagus dicei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,dicei,,,,,"Harris, 1932","There are no recognized subspecies for this species. Formerly, Sylvilagus dicei was included in S. brasiliensis (Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 21211,Sylvilagus cunicularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,cunicularius,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1848)","There are three recognized subspecies: Sylvilagus cunicularius cunicularius, S. c. insolitus, and S. c. pacificus (Cervantes et al. 2005)." 21212,Sylvilagus transitionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,transitionalis,,,,,"(Bangs, 1895)","Sylvilagus transitionalis may include S. obscurus as a subspecies (Litvaitis et al. 1997), but most contemporary assessments consider these species independent (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Litvaitis et al. 2018)." 40800,Ochotona hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,hoffmanni,,,,,"Formozov, Yakhontov & Dmitriev, 1996","Subgenus Pika. This form was originally described as O. a. hoffmanni Formozov et al. (1996), but it is now recognized as a full species (Formozov and Baklushinskaya 1999, Lissovsky et al. 2016)." 41209,Nesolagus timminsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Nesolagus,timminsi,,,,,"Averianov, Abramov & Tikhonov, 2000","Annamite Striped Rabbit (Nesolagus timminsi) has no recognised subspecies (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Both morphological and genetic data support species-level distinction from the closely related Sumatran Striped Rabbit N. netscheri (Surridge et al. 1999, Averianov et al. 2000)." 41255,Ochotona alpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,alpina,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","This species is within subgenus Pika. Theer are five recognised subspecies: O. a. alpina (which includes ater; eastern and central Altai Mountains); O. a. changaica (Mongolia); O. a. nanula (S Tuva); O. a. nitida (includes sushkini; eastern Altai and western Sayan Mountains); and O. a. sayanica (eastern Sayan Mountains). Some forms previously included in O. alpina are now considered to be included in other species of Ochotona: svatoshi and cinereofusca are in O. hyperborea; and scorodumovi is a junior synonym of O. mantchurica. In earlier treatments, O. argentata was considered a form of O. alpina, but it is more closely related to O. pallasii." 41256,Ochotona cansus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,cansus,,,,,"Lyon, 1907","Subgenus Ochotona. There are currently four recognized subspecies: O. c. cansus, O. c. morosa, O. c. sorella, and O. c. stevensi. Ochotona cansus was originally included in O. roylei and later listed under O. thibetana (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Ochotona c. morosa was previously listed as a synonym of O. thibetana, but phylogenetic research indicates it is a subspecies of O. cansus (Yu et al. 1997)." 41257,Ochotona collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,collaris,,,,,"(Nelson, 1893)",There are no recognized subspecies of Ochotona collaris (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). 41259,Ochotona dauurica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,dauurica,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","This species is within subgenus Ochotona. Currently there are three recognized subspecies: O. d. huangensis (annectens, bedfordi, and shaanxienis are synonyms); O. d. dauurica (altina and mursavi are synonyms), and O. d. latibullata. Previously, the subspecies O. d. annectens has been included by some in O. cansus. Formerly, O. dauurica was included in O. curzoniae (and thus melanostoma), but these two ecologically similar species are clearly separated based on morphological and molecular data." 41260,Ochotona erythrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,erythrotis,,,,,"(Büchner, 1890)","This species is within subgenus Conothoa. Currently there are no recognised subspecies (vulpina is a synonym). Formerly O. erythrotis was included in O. rutila (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Ochotona erythrotis formerly included O. gloveri, and these forms are closely related and considered sister species." 41261,Ochotona gloveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,gloveri,,,,,"Thomas, 1922","This species is within subgenus Conothoa. Currently there are four recognized subspecies: O. g. brookei, O. g. calloceps, O. g. muliensis, and O. g. gloveri. Formerly, O. gloveri was included in O. erythrotis and O. rutila. Current morphological and molecular analyses show that O. gloveri is most closely related to erythrotis, and the two forms represent sister species (Lissovsky 2014)." 87948061,Ochotona hyperborea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,hyperborea,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","This species is within subgenus Pika. Formerly O. hyperborea was included in O. alpina, and thus at times also synonomized with the North American O. collaris and O. princeps (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Each of these forms has subsequently been determined to be independent based on morphological and molecular criteria. Ochotona hyperborea comprises 11 subspecies: O. h. cinerofusca (Transbaikalia, Russia); O. h. davanica (N Baikal, Russia); O. h. ferruginea (includes cinereoflava, kamtschaticus, kolymenis, normalis; from Kamchatka uplands to western Sayan Mountains, Russia); O. h. hyperborea (includes litoralis, svatoshi; Chukchi Peninsula, Russia); O. h. minima (Anadyr River basin, Russia); O. h. naumovi (Putorana Plateau, Russia); O. h. shamani (Indigirka River basin, Russia); O. h. stenorostrae (Tuva, Russia); O. h. uralensis (northern Ural Mountains, Russia); O. h. yesoensis (Hokkaido Island, Japan); O. h. yoshikurai (Sakhalin Island, Russia). At times some of these forms have been linked with O. alpina (svatoshi, cinerofusca). Other forms that have been considered subspecies of O. hyperborea have recently been separated as independent: O. coreana and O. mantchurica (scorodumovi a synonym – sometimes also treated as a subspecies of O. alpina)." 41264,Ochotona ladacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,ladacensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","This species is within subgenus Conothoa. There are no recognized subspecies (Smith and Xie 2008). Formerly O. ladacensis was included in O. curzoniae, with which it is broadly sympatric, but these forms are found in different subgenera of Ochotona (Lissovsky 2014). The Ladak Pika is very distinctive morphologically – its craniometrics measurements clearly separate it from all other species of Ochotona (Lissovsky 2014)." 41265,Ochotona macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,macrotis,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","This species is within subgenus Conothoa. Currently there are three recognized subspecies: O. m. chinensis (Sichuan, China), O. m. macrotis (includes baltina, sacana (Central Asian distribution) and O. m. wollastoni (Himalayan region). Due to their outward morphological and ecological similarities, earlier treatments have considered O. macrotis to be a subspecies of O. roylei. This arrangement became further entrenched when molecular data from Genbank included mis-identified material: namely O. macrotis chinensis was labelled as O. roylei chinensis – thus clearly analyses using this material claimed that the two forms were very closely related – simply because the material only represented macrotis. Recent molecular and morphological analyses clarify that these two forms can be clearly distinguished and that they are not sister species." 99890206,Ochotona pallasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,pallasii,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)","This species is within subgenus Pika. Currently there are three recognised subspecies: O. p. pallasii (southeastern Altai, Russia, across western Mongolia, extending into northeastern Xinjiang, China; O. p. hamica (Karlik Shan, eastern Xinjiang); O. p. sunidica (northern Nei Mongol, China). Essentially, O. pallasii is a recently elevated form of what was O. pallasi pricei in the Mongolian range plus the Chinese subspecies of O. pallasi. It was determined that the type locality of pallasi was incorrect and not in Kazakhstan, rather in Mongolia (where the form O. pallasi pricei occurred). Thus, the Mongolian range has become O. pallasii (spelled with two “i’s” following the law of priority), and following the law of priority, the Kazakhstan range now harbours the independent O. opaca. O. opaca and O. pallasii appear to be sister species, but sufficiently differentiated as to be considered independent." 41267,Ochotona princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,princeps,,,,,"(Richardson, 1828)","Recent molecular phylogenetic studies based on allozyme electrophoresis and sequencing of both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes indicated the existence of five phylogenetic lineages within the American Pika (Galbreath et al. 2009, 2010; Hafner and Sullivan 1995). Correspondingly Hafner and Smith (2010) revised the subspecific taxonomy of the American Pika from 36 (Hall 1981, Smith and Weston 1990) to five subspecies:
  • Ochotona p. princeps (Richardson, 1828) - Northern Rocky Mountains lineage (includes the former subspecies clamosa, cuppes, figginsi, goldmani, howelli, lemhi, levis, lutescens, nevadensis, obscura, princeps, saturatus, saxatilis (part), ventorum and wasatchensis);
  • Ochotona p. fenisex Osgood, 1913 - Coast Mountain and Cascade Range lineage (includes former subspecies brooksi, brunnescens, fenisex, fumosa and littoralis); 
  • Ochotona p. saxatilis Bangs, 1899 - Southern Rocky Mountains lineage (includes former subspecies incana, lasalensis, nigrescens and saxatilis (part);
  • Ochotona p. schisticeps (Merriam, 1899) - Sierra Nevada and Great Basin lineage (includes former subspecies albata, cinnamomea, fuscipes, jewetti, muiri, schisticeps, sheltoni, taylori and tutelata); and 
  • Ochotona p. uinta Hollister, 1912 - Uinta Mountains and Wasatch Range of Central Utah lineage (includes former subspecies barnsei, moorei, uinta and utahensis).
" 41268,Ochotona roylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,roylei,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1839)","Subgenus Conothoa. There are four recognized subspecies: Ochotona roylei nepalensis (includes angdawai, mitchelli), O. r. himalayana, O. r. wardi, and O. r. roylei. A controversial species, O. roylei has as one time or another been associated with the forms macrotis, cansus, forresti, himalayana, lama, and nubrica. Four of these forms are currently considered independent species: macrotis, cansus, forresti and nubrica. lama is considered a synonym of nubrica and himalayana, while initially being named as an independent form, and considered as such in the 2008 Global Mammal Assessment, is now considered a subspecies of O. roylei. Morphological and ecological similarity have led many to consider roylei and macrotis sister species; and this has been further pushed with molecular data from Genbank. However, the roylei sample in Genbank is actually from O. macrotis chinensis – unsurprisingly leading to the similarity in these analyses. Now it is known that these forms are sufficiently dissimilar as to not be considered sister species (Lissovsky 2014)." 41269,Ochotona rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,rufescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","Subgenus Conothoa. There are four recognized subspecies: Ochotona rufescens rufescens (includes seiana, vulturine; east Afghanistan), O. r. regina (Kopet Dagh Mountains between Turkmenistan and Iran), O. p. vizier (Khorud Range, Iran) and O. r. shukurovi (southwest Turkmenistan in the Greater Balkhans). Some earlier accounts included seiana in O. curzoniae, but they are clearly independent." 41270,Ochotona rutila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,rutila,,,,,"(Severtzov, 1873)","Subgenus Conothoa. There are no recognized subspecies of Ochotona rutila (Smith et al. 1990). The forms erythrotis, vulpina, gloveri, and brookei have each been previously included in O. rutila. Modern morphological and molecular studies have clarified that each of these forms is either independent or subsumed in an independent Ochotona species (Lissovsky 2014)." 41271,Ochotona thibetana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,thibetana,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1871)","Subgenus Ochotona. There are six recognized subspecies: Ochotona thibetana nangqenica (south Xizang), O. t. osgoodi (northeast Myanmar), O. t. sacraria (west Sichuan), O. t. sikimaria (Sikkim), O. t. xunhuaensis (east Qinghai), and O. t. thibetana (includes hodgsoni, zappeyi). The systematic history of this species has represented significant confusion. The pika forms lama, aliensis, and lhasaensis have previously been included in thibetana, although these now are included in O. nubrica. Similarly, O. forresti has been included in O. thibetana in several treatments. Going the other way, osgoodi has been listed as a subspecies of O. pusilla. New studies show that sikimaria, widely separated geographically from other thibetana, may represent an independent species. Similarly, the forms sacraria and xunhuaensis appear significantly distinct genetically from other thibetana and also may represent independent species." 41272,Lepus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,alleni,,,,,"Mearns, 1890","There are currently three recognized subspecies, Lepus alleni alleni, L. a. palitans, and L. a. tiburonensis (Hall 1981)." 41273,Lepus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,americanus,,,,,"Erxleben, 1777","Lepus americanus is taxonomically distinct from all North American Lepus and not known to currently hybridize with any species (but for evidence of adaptive historic hybridization with black-tailed jackrabbits see Cheng et al. 2014, Melo-Ferreira et al. 2014, Jones et al. 2018). For the most part, L. americanus is geographically isolated from congeneric species.

There are currently 15 recognized subspecies: Lepus americanus americanus, L. a. bairdii, L. a. cascadensis, L. a. columbiensis, L. a. dalli, L. a. klamathensis, L. a. oregonus, L. a. pallidus, L. a. phaeonotus, L. a. pineus, L. a. seclusus, L. a. struthopus, L. a. tahoensis, L. a. virginianus, and L. a. washingtonii (Hall 1981)." 41274,Lepus arcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,arcticus,,,,,"Ross, 1819","The taxonomic status of the Arctic Hare remains unclear, with some authorities suggesting, based on cranial or other morphometric measurements, that they are conspecific with Lepus othus, and/or L. timidus. L. othus and L. arcticus also are known to share similar behavioural and ecological characteristics, but L. othus is geographically isolated and possesses different skull and incisor morphology from L. arcticus, and thus may warrant distinct taxonomic status. Wu et al. (2005) suggests that L. arcticus be included in L. timidus as ""a single circumpolar species,"" based on molecular phylogenetics. However, Ben Slimen, Suchentrunk and Elgaaied (2008a) suggest that in the case of genus Lepus, whose evolution is ""rapid and to some extent reticulated,"" mtDNA should only be regarded as preliminary evidence of species designation or lack thereof. Ben Slimen et al. (2008b) suggest that a more comprehensive examination that examines, ""a combined phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and population genetic approach,…, based on various nuclear and mitochondrial markers and including other biological characters, such as phenotypic and morphometric data,"" would better elucidate taxonomic standing of Lepus species (Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2018).

There are currently nine recognized subspecies: Lepus arcticus andersoni, L. a. arcticus, L. a. bangsii, L. a. banksicola, L. a. groenlandicus, L. a. hubbardi, L. a. labradorius, L. a. monstrabilis, and L. a. porsildi (Hall 1981). It appears that some of the subspecies designations are arbitrary and actually represent clinal variation among forms (Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2018)." 41275,Lepus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,brachyurus,,,,,"Temminck, 1845","Lepus brachyurus is sometimes classified into four subspecies: L. b. angustidens, from the snowy area of Honshu; L. b. lyoni, Sado Island; L. b. okiensis, the Oki Islands; and L. b. brachyurus, from the remainder of the range." 41276,Lepus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,californicus,,,,,"Gray, 1837","There are 17 subspecies recognized: Lepus californicus altamirae, L. c. asellus, L. c. bennettii, L. c. californicus, L. c. curti, L. c. deserticola, L. c. eremicus, L. c. festinus, L. c. magdalenae, L. c. martrensis, L. c. melanotis, L. c. merriami, L. c. richardsonii, L. c. sheldoni, L. c. texianus, L. c. wallawalla, and L. c. xanti (Hall 1981, Ramírez–Silva et al. 2010, Álvarez-Castañeda and Lorenzo 2017, Lorenzo et al. 2018). The integrity of some of these forms has been questioned, and the phylogenetic relationships of these subspecies need to be evaluated. It is thought that the form altamirae may be independent, and the Black Jackrabbit (Lepus insularis) may be only a melanistic form of californicus and thus could eventually be placed in synonymy with it (Beever et al. 2018).   " 41277,Lepus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,capensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","The entire taxonomy of Lepus capensis throughout its range is unclear. Taxonomic review of the species is urgently needed; otherwise, it is possible that some forms may go extinct before they are formally identified.

Hoffmann and Smith (2005) restricted L. capensis to the South African distribution, citing no evidence of gene flow between the southern and northern ranges. A list of synonyms is provided based on four geographic locations (South Africa, East Africa, Arabia and Near East, and northwest Africa), which are informal subdivisions of L. capensis sensu lato. The authors suggested that these four groups might represent distinct species. In the Near East and Arabia L. c. arabicus; in South Africa L. c. capensis; L. c. aquilo, L. c. carpi, L. c. granti; East Africa L. c. aegyptius, L. c. hawkeri, L. c. isabellinus, L. c. sinaiticus; and L. c. atlanticus, L. c. schulmbergeri, L. c. whitakeri in northwest Africa (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2018).

According to Harrison and Bates (1991) there are eight subspecies in Arabia: L. c. syriacus (Syria, Lebanon, northern Israel); L. c. sinaiticus (southern Israel, Sinai); L. c. connori (east of the Euphrates in Iraq); L. c. arabicus (western Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen); L. c. cheesmani (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, Oman); L. c. omanensis (UAE, Oman); L. c. atallahi (Bahrain, Qatar?); L. c. jefferyi (Masirah Island, Oman). The taxonomic status of L. c. jefferyi needs clarification, as it may represent a good species. Hares present in Qatar also require taxonomic investigation.

The taxonomic position of the Sardinian Hare is unresolved. Hoffmann and Smith (2005) include the Sardinian Hare as one of the unassigned synonyms of L. mediterraneus Wagner, 1841 or typicus Hilzheimer, 1906, in L. granatensis. Analysis of the mtCR-1 sequence indicated that Sardinian Hares form a monophyletic clade with North African Hares (Scandura et al. 2007). A genetic and morphometric analysis supports the hypothesis that the Sardinian Hare was introduced from North Africa (Canu et al. 2012). A phylogenetic analysis of mtCR-1 sequences from Tunisian and Egyptian Hares characterized them as monophyletic and separate from L. capensis (Ben Slimen et al. 2006). However, a study of the nuclear gene pool of L. capensis, L. europaeus and the North African Hare indicated that the North African Hare as well as L. europaeus belong to L. capensis (Ben Slimen et al. 2005), supporting Petter's (1959, 1961) hypothesis of the inclusion of L. europaeus in capensis. Ben Slimen et al. (2008a) suggest that in a case such as the genus Lepus, where evolution is ""rapid and to some extent reticulate"", species designation based solely on mtDNA is misleading without examination of the nuclear gene pool. Ben Slimen et al. (2008a) has shown that genetic differentiation between L. capensis and L. europaeus could be attributed to geographic distance rather than divergence. They speculate that gene flow may be occurring in the Near East where distributions meet resulting in the potential for intergraded populations. However, Ben Slimen et al. (2008b) propose that ""a combined phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and population genetic approach…, based on various nuclear and mitochondrial markers and including other biological characters, such as phenotypic and morphometric data,"" is needed for conclusive evidence of a single species complex. A recent study looking at a partial transferrin nuclear gene and phylogenetic relationship of hares in Tunisia showed “shared ancestral polymorphism between North African and Chinese hares” (Awadi et al. 2016). It also concluded that the Tunisian Hare is “well differentiated from hares considered belonging to brown hares L. europaeus from central Europe” (Awadi et al. 2016). In light of this continuing uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of the Sardinian and North African Hares, both will remain included in capensis and L. europaeus retains its taxonomic status as a distinct species.

Many treatments indicate that the range of L. capensis extends into China, Mongolia and Russia; however, recognition of L. tibetanus and L. tolai as distinct species removes consideration of L. capensis as occurring in this region (Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 41278,Lepus comus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,comus,,,,,"Allen, 1927","There are no recognized subspecies in Hoffmann and Smith (2005). However, following Wang (2002), Smith and Xie (2008) and Smith et al. (2018) recognized three subspecies: Lepus comus comus (western Yunnan), L. c. peni (eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou, and southwestern Sichuan), and L. c. pygmaeus (Yunnan).

Lepus comus was formerly included in L. oiostolus, but is now recognized as a true species (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). The differentiation is based on ecological and morphological differences between the two species (Cai and Feng 1982, Wang et al. 1985). Molecular phylogenetics indicates that L. comus and oiostolus are sister taxa (Wu et al. 2005)." 41280,Lepus europaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,europaeus,,,,,"Pallas, 1778","The taxonomy of Lepus europaeus is still under debate. Clear distinction to other taxa is difficult due to sympatric occurrences with other Lepus species. The European Hare was formerly included in the Cape Hare (L. capensis) based on a cline in morphological characters (mainly size) from north-eastern Africa eastwards across the northern Arabian peninsula, the Middle East and northwards through Israel to Turkey (Petter 1961). A reanalysis showed a discontinuity between smaller “capensis” and larger “europaeus” running from the eastern Mediterranean coast through Iran (Ben Slimen et al. 2008). A study of the nuclear gene pool of the Cape Hare, the European Hare and the North African Hare, indicated that the North African Hare as well as the European Hare belong to the Cape Hare (Ben Slimen et al. 2005). However, a study of the mt DNA of these three groups indicated a significant degree of divergence supporting species specific designation (Ben Slimen et al. 2008a, 2008b). These studies show that genetic differentiation between the Cape Hare and the European Hare might be attributed to geographic distance rather than divergence. Until conclusive evidence of a single species complex is available in order to support a change in the taxonomic status of the European Hare, it remains a true species (Hackländer and Schai-Braun 2018, Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016).

There are 16 subspecies: Lepus europaeus caspicus, L. e. connori, L. e. creticus, L. e. cyprius, L. e. cyrensis, L. e. europaeus, L. e. hybridus, L. e. judeae, L. e. karpathorum, L. e. medius, L. e. occidentalis, L. e. parnassius, L. e. ponticus, L. e. rhodius, L. e. syriacus, and L. e. transsylvanicus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). It is felt that there is considerable variability in many of these forms and that distinctions between subspecies may be arbitrary as they are mostly based on size and colour. Molecular phylogenetic studies in Spain revealed that the Cantabric population has singular mt DNA compared to other European populations (Palacios et al. 2004). A review of the taxonomy of this species is necessary (Hackländer and Schai-Braun 2018, Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016)." 41281,Lepus mandshuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,mandshuricus,,,,,"Radde, 1861","There are no recognized subspecies for Lepus mandshuricus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Smith et al. 2018). It was previously thought to be closely allied with L. brachyurus (Angermann 1966). A recent molecular phylogenetic study does not support a close relationship to L. brachyurus, but rather indicated a close phylogenetic tie to L. yarkandensis (Wu et al. 2005). L. melainus has been considered by some a distinct species (Flux and Angermann 1990). However, L. melainus represents a melanistic form of mandshuricus and thus is a synonym of this species (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Ge et al. 2012)." 41282,Lepus nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,nigricollis,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1823","There are 13 subspecies for Lepus nigricollis, occupying different regions and habitat types: L. n. aryabertensis, L. n. cutchensis; L. n. dayanus, L. n. joongshaiensis, L. n. macrotus, L. n. mahadeva, L. n. nigricollis, L. n. rajput, L. n. ruficaudatus, L. n. sadiya, L. n. simcoxi, L. n. singhala, and L. n. tytleri. The Burmese Hare (L. peguensis) is a similar species, and some consider it to be synonymous with L. nigricollis (Molur and Nameer 2018). These forms are poorly understood and may be clinal in nature. Some have claimed that L. peguensis is conspecific with L. nigricollis, although there are geographic and character discrepancies with this assignment (Suchentrunk 2004; Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016, 2018). The systematics of the species is in need of review (Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016)." 41283,Lepus oiostolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,oiostolus,,,,,"Hodgson, 1840","Four subspecies have been recognized (Lepus oiostolus hypsibius, L. o. oiostolus, L. o. pallipes, and L. o. przewalskii, Hoffmann and Smith 2005), and other forms have similarly been assigned to the species (grahami, kozlovi, qinghaiensis, qusongensis, and sechuenensis, Wang 2002). L. o. przewalskii was formerly included with L. capensis (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). However, all of these forms apparently intergrade and are continuously distributed across the species’ large range, thus parsimoniously L. oiostolus may be considered monotypic. Molecular phylogenetics indicates that L. comus and oiostolus are sister taxa (Wu et al. 2005)." 41284,Lepus peguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,peguensis,,,,,"Blyth, 1855","There are two recognized subspecies, Lepus peguensis peguensis and L. p. vassali (Hoffmann and Smith 2005), and a third form, siamensis, is under consideration as an independent species (Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016, 2018). However, the characters separating these forms appear to be clinal, such that the distinction in subspecies may be arbitrary and unreasonable (Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016, 2018).

The overall systematic position of L. peguensis has been confusing and is unresolved. L. hainanus was formerly included in L. peguensis, but then was assigned independent status – thus some references to peguensis in China are due to the initial linking of these forms (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Now there is some evidence that peguensis and hainanus may indeed be conspecific (Kong et al. 2017). Here we are conservative and treat them as independent. Going the other direction geographically, some have claimed that L. peguensis is conspecific with L. nigricollis, although again, there are geographic and character discrepancies with this assignment (Suchentrunk 2004; Schai-Braun and Hackländer 2016, 2018)." 41285,Lepus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,saxatilis,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1823","There are currently two recognized subspecies, Lepus saxatilis saxatilis and L. s. subrufus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). A recent study identified three phylogeographic distributions of Lepus saxatilis, distinguished as southwest, central, and north (Kryger et al. 2004). The southwestern spatial distribution was identified as being unique and lacking gene flow with the other two lineages for more than 45,000 years (Kryger et al. 2004). For this reason it is suggested, based on the phylogenetic species concept, that this distribution may warrant species status (Kryger et al. 2004). Further molecular research is required to elucidate the status of the southwest spatial distribution, as well as the relationship between L. saxatilis (narrowly defined here) and other closely related variants to the north, which may intergrade with L. victoriae (Kryger et al. 2004, Robinson 2018)." 41286,Lepus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,sinensis,,,,,"Gray, 1832","Further research is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the populations of Lepus sinensis within Viet Nam. Up to three subspecies have been recognized: L. s. formosus, L. s. sinensis, and L. s. yuenshanensis (Hoffmann and Smith 2005), although recent sources limit the subspecies to only formosus (Taiwan distribution) and sinensis (mainland China distribution) (Smith et al. 2018). L. coreanus was formerly included in this species (Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 41287,Lepus starcki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,starcki,,,,,"Petter, 1963","There has been confusion regarding the taxonomic status of Lepus starcki. It was previously listed as a subspecies of L. capensis or L. europaeus (Boitani et al. 1999). However, many treatments recognize it as a true species (Flux and Angermann 1990, Boitani et al. 1999, Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Tolesa et al. 2017, Tolesa and Johnston 2018). Recent studies indicate a close relationship with L. habessincus (Tolesa et al. 2017).

There are no recognized subspecies (Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 41288,Lepus townsendii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,townsendii,,,,,"Bachman, 1839","There are currently two recognized subspecies, Lepus townsendii campanius and L. t. townsendii (Hall 1981, Hoffmann and Smith 2005)." 41289,Lepus habessinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,habessinicus,,,,,"Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832","There is some taxonomic confusion regarding species status for Lepus habessinicus. Some postulate that it deserves true species status based on sympatric distribution with Lepus capensis (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Others claim it should be classified as subspecific to L. capensis (Angermann 1983, Azzaroli-Puccetti 1987, Boitani et al. 1999). A recent study showed that L. habessinicus and L. starcki are closely related (Tolesa 2014, Tolesa et al. 2017).

There are no recognized subspecies for L. habessinicus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Tolesa 2018)." 41292,Poelagus marjorita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Poelagus,marjorita,,,,,"(St. Leger, 1929)",There are no recognized subspecies of Poelagus marjorita (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). 41293,Pronolagus crassicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Pronolagus,crassicaudatus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1832)","According to Hoffmann and Smith (2005), there are two recognized subspecies: Pronolagus crassicaudatus crassicaudatus and P. c. ruddi. Duthie and Robinson (1990) also include P. c. kariegae, P. c. bowkeri, and P. c. lebombo, but their validity is questionable (Happold 2013)." 41294,Pronolagus randensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Pronolagus,randensis,,,,,"Jameson, 1907","There are three recognized subspecies: Pronolagus randensis caucinus, P. r. randensis and P. r. whitei (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). However, mitochondrial DNA analyses suggest little geographical variation and thus the validity of the subspecies is in question (Happold 2013)." 41295,Pronolagus rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Pronolagus,rupestris,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1834)","There are no subspecies. Hoffmann and Smith (2005) recognized four subspecies: Pronolagus rupestris curryi, P. r. nyikae, P. r. saundersiae, and P. r. vallicola. P. saundersiae has recently been distinguished as a good species. There has been some contention as to the number of possible subspecies of P. rupestris; however, until the biological and exact taxonomic status of these clades is clearer, the treatment of Meester et al. (1986) is provisionally upheld. Although the species occurs in both southern Africa and east Africa, it is unlikely that there is any gene flow between the two populations." 41296,Sylvilagus aquaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,aquaticus,,,,,"(Bachman, 1837)",There are two recognized subspecies: Sylvilagus aquaticus aquaticus and S. a. littoralis (Hall 1981). 41297,Sylvilagus audubonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,audubonii,,,,,"(Baird, 1858)","There are 11 recognized subspecies: Sylvilagus audubonii audubonii, S. a. arizonae, S. a. baileyi, S. a. cedrophilus, S. a. confinis, S. a. goldmani, S. a. minor, S. a. neomexicanus, S. a. parvulus, S. a. sanctidiegi, and S. a. vallicola (Hall 1981)." 87491102,Sylvilagus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The type locality for Sylvilagus brasiliensis designated by Linnaeus is “South America.” As such, nearly all taxa of Sylvilagus described in South America devolved to be synonymized in S. brasiliensis. Work has begun to investigate the true diversity of Sylvilagus in Central and South America – leading to several species already removed from synonymy: S. andinus, S. gabbi, S. tapetillus, S. sanctaemartae; taxonomic investigations continue. Meanwhile, only recently was a neotype designated (Linnaeus did not designate holotypes) allowing investigation into the species limits and true range occupied by S. brasiliensis and other South American Sylvilagus species (Ruedas et al. 2017, Ruedas and Smith 2018). It is the newly circumscribed geographic range of S. brasiliensis that is considered herein." 41299,Sylvilagus floridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,floridanus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1890)","A systematic revision is necessary. According to Hall (1981) there are 24 recognized subspecies: Sylvilagus floridanus alacer, S. f. ammophilus, S. f. aztecus, S. f. chapmani, S. f. chiapensis, S. f. cognatus, S. f. connectens, S. f. costaricensis, S. f. floridanus, S. f. hesperius, S. f. hitchensi, S. f. holzneri, S. f. hondurensis, S. f. llanensis, S. f. mallurus, S. f. mearnsii, S. f. orizabae, S. f. paulsoni, S. f. restrictus, S. f. robustus, S. f. russatus, S. f. similis, S. f. subcinctus, and S. f. yucatanicus.

Chapman, Hockman and Ojeda (1980) also includes S. f. avius, S. f. continentis, S. f. cumanicus, S. f. margaritae, S. f. nelsoni, S. f. nigronuchalis, S. f. orinoci, S. f. purgatus, S. f. superciliaris, and S. f. valenciae.

The subspecies S. f. cognatus and S. f. robustus have been designated as independent species (Hoffmann and Smith 2005) since the publication of Hall (1981)." 41300,Sylvilagus nuttallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,nuttallii,,,,,"(Bachman, 1837)","There are three recognized subspecies: Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii, S. n. pinetis, and S. n. grangeri (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Beever and French 2018). It has been suggested that these three forms are sufficiently distinct to be considered independent species (Beever and French 2018)." 41301,Sylvilagus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,obscurus,,,,,"Chapman, Cramer, Dippenaar & Robinson, 1992","There are no recognized subspecies of Sylvilagus obscurus (Hall 1981). Chapman et al. (1992) separated S. obscurus from S. transitionalis based on their morphometric analyses and previously determined karyotype distinction. Separation was not supported by mtDNA analysis, which showed limited variation between the two species (Litvaitis et al. 1997)." 41302,Sylvilagus bachmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,bachmani,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)","There are 13 recognized subspecies: Sylvilagus bachmani bachmani, S. b. cerrosensis, S. b. cinerascens, S. b. exiguus, S. b. howelli, S. b. macrorhinus, S. b. mariposae, S. b. peninsularis, S. b. riparius, S. b. rosaphagus, S. b. tehamae, S. b. ubericolor, and S. b. virgulti  (Hall 1981). Recent analysis indicates that S. mansuetus from San Jose Island in the Gulf of California may be closely related to and a subspecies of S. bachmani (Álvarez-Castañeda and Lorenzo 2016)." 41303,Sylvilagus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,palustris,,,,,"(Bachman, 1837)","This species is in need of taxonomic evaluation (Chapman and Ceballos 1990). Hall (1981) recognized two subspecies: Sylvilagus palustris paludicola and S. p. palustris (Hall 1981). Based on Lazell (1984), Hoffmann and Smith (2005) include S. p. hefneri in addition to the two subspecies listed by Hall (1981). Some treatments suggest that these forms integrade, and that subspecies should not be designated (Tursi, Hughes and Hoffman 2013)." 41307,Lepus tibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,tibetanus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1841","Until the 1930s Lepus tibetanus was considered a distinct species. The first major revision (Heptner 1934) united L. europaeus, L. tolai, and L. tibetanus in a single species, but Ognev (1966:154) rejected this concept, stating that ""...there is much evidence against considering the common hare, the Tolai and desert hares as one species..."". Next, Ellerman (in Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1955) placed L. tibetanus as a subspecies of L. capensis, along with L. tolai, he was supported by Petter (1959, 1961). Then Harrison (1972) added L. arabicus to L. capensis. Some, however, continued to follow Ognev. Bannikov (1954), Sokolov and Orlov (1980), and Shou (1962) provided details of distribution in Mongolia and China respectively. Luo (1981) performed a cluster analysis which he interpreted as supporting Ellerman et al., but was strongly criticized by Zhao, Zheng and Zhou (1983) for his methodology. Qui (1989) then re-analyzed the data, and found that three races of L. tibetanus were clearly separated from four races of L. tolai (although Qui continued to employ L. capensis as the species name). L. tibetanus shares certain characteristics with L. oiostolus (but not L. capensis or L. tolai) of the adjacent Tibetan Plateau, most notably the relatively long premaxillary and short nasal bones, combined with greater procumbency of the incisors, as well as other cranial and pelage characters described by Ognev (1966). Evaluation of these characters across the zones of potential contact between the ten taxon pairs comprising L. capensis sensu lato, is necessary before the taxonomy of these hares can be resolved (Hoffmann 1998). Hoffmann and Smith (2005) recognized five subspecies: Lepus tibetanus centrasiaticus, L. t. craspedotis, L. t. pamirensis, L. t. stoliczkanus, and L. t. tibetanus. More recently, a molecular analysis assigned centrasiaticus to L. tolai (Cheng et al. 2012). Smith et al. (2018) consider the Desert Hare to be monotypic." 41308,Lepus tolai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,tolai,,,,,"Pallas, 1778","Lepus tolai was formerly included in L. capensis or L. europaeus (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). It also formerly included L. tibetanus, but also see Sokolov and Orlov (1980:85), and Shou (1962), Qui (1989) also provided evidence of differentiation of L. tibetanus but did not address specific status. Formerly included przewalskii, a form now assigned to L. oiostolus, see Cai and Feng (1982). There remains confusion as to the spacing and separation of L. tolai and L. tibetanus, and many (erroneously) continue to refer to hares within the geographic range of these two species as L. capensis (a form which extends to the southern tip of Africa).

Recognition of subspecies has been fluid. Hoffmann and Smith (2005) and Schai-Braun and Hackländer (2016) recognized eight subspecies: Lepus tolai aurigineus, L. t. buchariensis, L. t. cheybani, L. t. cinnamomeus, L. t. filchneri, L. t. lehmanni, L. t. swinhoei, and L. t. tolai. Additional forms that have been proposed include: L. t. huangshuiensis and L. t. centrasiaticus (Cheng et al. 2012)." 41311,Sylvilagus varynaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,varynaensis,,,,,"Durant & Guevara, 2001",There are no recognized subspecies of Sylvilagus varynaensis (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). It is apparently most closely related to S. brasiliensis. 41503,Ochotona turuchanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,turuchanensis,,,,,"Naumov, 1934","Subgenus Pika. There are no recognized subspecies (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). This form has recently been acknowledged as a distinct species (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). It was formerly listed as a subspecies of Ochotona hyperborea (Sokolov et al. 1994), while others have listed it as a subspecies O. alpina (Formozov and Yakhontov 2003). There is some dispute regarding the listing of O. turuchanensis as a distinct species (Formozov and Yakhontov 2003). Formozov and Yakhontov (2003) contend that the differences between it and O. alpina (""summer and winter plumage and some aspects of its alarm call"") are insufficient for species distinction (Formozov and Yakhontov 2003). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies support species-level distinction for O. turuchanensis (Lissovsky et al. 2007; Lissovsky 2014)." 41879,Lepus victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,victoriae,,,,,"Thomas, 1893","Previously this was assessed as Lepus microtis. Here, L. victoriae is maintained as a valid species following Happold (2013).

The taxonomic status of this species and synonyms (including microtis, crawshayi, canopus, whytei and zechi) are uncertain (Happold 2013, Awadi and Ben Slimen 2018). Hoffmann and Smith (2005) recognized four subspecies: Lepus microtis angolensis, L. m. microtis, L. m. senegalensis, and L. m. whytei. Happold (2013) lists a total of 15 synonyms. This species was formerly included in L. saxatilis and has been classified under several different names (saxatilis, crawshayi, whytei, and victoriae) (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). Ben Slimen et al. (2008) suggest that the name Lepus victoriae be retained and microtis considered a ""nomen dubium"" referencing Petter (1959) and Angermann (1965)." 41986,Ochotona argentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,argentata,,,,,"Howell, 1928","Ochotona argentata was listed in the 1996 and 2000 Red Lists as O. helanshanensis which is no longer recognized as a valid name. It was subsequently changed to O. pallasi helanshanensis in 2002 (on recommendation of the IUCN SSC Lagomorph Specialist Group). The taxonomy was changed again to O. argentata in 2003, as O. helanshanensis is apparently a junior synonym of O. argentata. New biological evidence (morphological and molecular comparisons) indicates that the form is an independent species (Lissovsky 2014, Lissovsky et al. 2016)." 136713,Pronolagus saundersiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Pronolagus,saundersiae,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1927)","Pronolagus saundersiae was formerly included in Pronolagus rupestris with no recognized subspecies (Happold 2013). Whereas P. saundersiae is listed as a subspecies of P. rupestris in Mammal Species of the World (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). It is treated here as a good species." 5674,Crocuta crocuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HYAENIDAE,Crocuta,crocuta,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)", 10274,Hyaena hyaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HYAENIDAE,Hyaena,hyaena,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18372,Proteles cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HYAENIDAE,Proteles,cristata,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1783)","Two subspecies are usually recognized: P. c. cristata from southern Africa, and P. c. septentrionalis from eastern and northeastern Africa. Their validity requires confirmation." 48637946,Bassaricyon gabbii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Bassaricyon,gabbii,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1876",

The genus Bassaricyon was revised by Helgen et al. (2013).

2675,Bdeogale jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Bdeogale,jacksoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","Jackson's Mongoose was considered a montane isolate of Black-legged Mongoose (Bdeogale nigripes) by Hayman (in Sanderson 1940) and Kingdon (1977), and regarded as a subspecies of Bushy-tailed Mongoose (B. crassicauda) by Allen (1914). It was however recognised as a species on its own by Hollister (1918) and several subsequent authorities, including Coetzee (1977), Kingdon (1997), Wozencraft (2005) and Van Rompaey and Kingdon (2013)." 4806,Chrotogale owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Chrotogale,owstoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","Chrotogale owstoni appears to contain two distinct geographic clades (Veron et al. 2004) although they were not suggested to warrant recognition as subspecies. Some authors (e.g. Corbet and Hill 1992) refer this species to the genus Hemigalus, but recent investigations have validated its placement in the monospecific genus Chrotogale (e.g., Wilting and Fickel 2012)." 5760,Cryptoprocta ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Cryptoprocta,ferox,,,,,"Bennett, 1833","After a chequered history of higher taxonomic placement for the the Malagasy carnivores, Bininda-Edmons et al. (1999) considered them to form a monophyletic family, the Eupleridae, endemic to Madagascar." 6082,Cynogale bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Cynogale,bennettii,,,,,"Gray, 1837","Cynogale lowei, known only from the holotype found in Viet Nam in 1926, was considered by Veron et al. (2006) to represent an individual brought in trade from this species' Sundaic range." 6635,Diplogale hosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Diplogale,hosei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)","This species was previously often included in the genus Hemigalus but Corbet and Hill (1992) suggested that morphological differences supported placement in its own genus, Diplogale. Phylogenetic analysis corroborates this (Wilting and Fickel 2012)." 8668,Fossa fossana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Fossa,fossana,,,,,"(P.L.S. Müller, 1776)", 8833,Galidictis fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Galidictis,fasciata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Two subspecies are sometimes distinguished: the nominate form and G. f. striatus (see Wozencraft 2005). 8834,Galidictis grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Galidictis,grandidieri,,,,,"Wozencraft, 1986", 8994,Genetta abyssinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,abyssinica,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1836)", 8997,Genetta johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,johnstoni,,,,,"Pocock, 1908", 8998,Genetta cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,cristata,,,,,"Hayman in Sanborn, 1940","Genetta cristata was originally described as a subspecies of the Servaline Genet G. servalina, but it is here considered a distinct species following Rosevear (1974), Crawford-Cabral (1980), Van Rompaey and Colyn (1998) and the studies of Gaubert et al. (2004, 2005, 2006). See Wozencraft (2005) and Van Rompaey and Colyn (2013) for further discussion." 9561,Gulo gulo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Gulo,gulo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Some authors (e.g. Hall 1981) have regarded the North American Wolverine as a species, Gulo luscus, distinct from the Eurasian Wolverine G. gulo. Most recent accounts (Jones et al. 1992, Pasitschniak-Arts and Lariviere 1995, Wozencraft 2005) treat luscus as a subspecies of G. gulo, following Degerbol (1935) and Kurtén and Rausch (1959)." 11933,Liberiictis kuhni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Liberiictis,kuhni,,,,,"Hayman, 1958","Recent phylogenetic studies of Herpestidae demonstrated that Liberiictis is closer to other social mongooses (subfamily Mungotinae), and that it is closer to the Banded Mongoose (Mungos mungo) than to the cusimanses (genus Crossarchus) (Veron et al. 2004, in press; Patou et al. 2009)." 12592,Macrogalidia musschenbroekii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Macrogalidia,musschenbroekii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1877)", 12848,Martes martes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,martes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 13110,Melogale everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Melogale,everetti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)","Bornean Ferret Badger has been considered by some to be a subspecies of Javan Ferret Badger M. orientalis, and by others as a subspecies of Large-toothed Ferret Badger M. personata, but it is now generally considered to be a distinct species (Long 1992). All past records of Melogale in Borneo under whatever name refer to M. everetti (Long 1992)." 13922,Mungos gambianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Mungos,gambianus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1835)", 13923,Mungotictis decemlineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Mungotictis,decemlineata,,,,,"(A. Grandidier, 1867)","Two subspecies are accepted: M. d. decemlineata, in the northern range of the species, and M. d. lineata, formerly known only from the holotype at the southern limit of the range, but since recorded in the Manombo River valley (Hawkins et al. 2000, Goodman et al. 2005). Given the differences in distribution, pelage and ecology between M. d. lineata and the nominate (Hawkins et al. 2000, Goodman et al. 2005), it would be reasonable to treat these forms as different species (Goodman 2013), although a formal proposal for such treatment has not yet been made." 14018,Mustela lutreola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,lutreola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)","The species occasionally hybridizes with Western Polecat Mustela putorius (Tumanov and Abramov 2002, Ternovsky 1977, Davidson et al. 2000, Cabria et al. 2011). Both hybridisation and genetic introgression occur at low levels (3% and 0.9% respectively) and the hybridization is asymmetric, as only pure Polecat males mate with pure European Mink females. Backcrossing and genetic introgression has been detected only from female first-generation (F1) hybrids of European Mink with Polecats (Ternovsky 1977). Hybridization and genetic introgression between the two species can be considered a rather uncommon event (Cabria et al. 2011).

The western populations (Spain and France) have very low genetic variability and the southern population slightly higher genetic variability, whilst the eastern populations have the greatest variability (Lodé 1999, Davidson et al. 2000, Michaux et al. 2004, 2005; Cabria 2009)." 14019,Mustela lutreolina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,lutreolina,,,,,"Robinson & Thomas, 1917","The species is considered to be closely related to Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica (van Bree and Boeadi 1978, Abramov 2000). Some historical records refer to the species as Mustela sibirica lutreolina." 14020,Mustela nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,nigripes,,,,,"(Audubon & Bachman, 1851)","Some authors have proposed that M. nigripes might be conspecific with Steppe Polecat M. eversmanii (Wozencraft 2005), but this is not a treatment generally followed." 14025,Mustela africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,africana,,,,,"Desmarest, 1818","Mustela stolzanni is considered a subspecies of M. africana, while M. paraensis is a synonym of M. a. africana (Wozencraft 2005)." 14026,Mustela felipei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,felipei,,,,,"Izor & de la Torre, 1978",Izor and de la Torre (1978) suggested that M. africana and M. felipei form a monophyletic group. Youngman (1982) placed M. felipei in subgenus Grammogale; Abramov (2000) placed it in subgenus Cabreragale. 14027,Mustela strigidorsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,strigidorsa,,,,,"Gray, 1853", 14055,Mydaus marchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Mydaus,marchei,,,,,"(Huet, 1887)",For long Mydaus was classified as a genus of Mustelidae. It in fact constitutes the only Old-world genus of the skunk family (Mepihitidae; Dragoo and Honeycutt 1997). Corbet and Hill (1992) queried whether M. marchei is distinct enough to warrant species-level separation from Sunda Stink-badger M. javanensis of elsewhere on the Sunda shelf. 72261737,Nasuella olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Nasuella,olivacea,,,,,(Gray 1865),"

Helgen et al. (2009) suggested that two different species were previously considered as 'Mountain Coati' N. olivacea; one endemic to Colombia and Ecuador, N. olivacea, and one restricted to Venezuela, N. meridensis. Two subspecies of N. olivacea were suggested: N. o. olivacea (Gray, 1865) and N. o. quitensis (Lönnberg, 1913).

" 15628,Genetta piscivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,piscivora,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1919)","Traditionally this species has been included in the genus Osbornictis, but it is here treated in Genetta, because Gaubert et al. (2004) demonstrated that Osbornictis and Genetta are congeneric, in agreement with Verheyen (1962) and Stains (1983). For further discussion see Wozencraft (2005) and Gaubert (2013)." 16104,Paradoxurus jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Paradoxurus,jerdoni,,,,,"Blanford, 1885",Two subspecies have been recognised (e.g. Corbet and Hill 1992) but there is no recent taxonomic revision (Veron et al. 2015). 18267,Procyon pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Procyon,pygmaeus,,,,,"Merriam, 1901","Placed in Procyon pygmaeus according to Merriam (1901), Goldman (1950), Hall (1981), Lazell (1981), and Helgen and Wilson (2005). Body size and cranial characters have been sufficient to consider P. pygmaeus a separate species (Merriam 1901, Goldman 1950, Jones and Lawlor 1965). Morphometric data from McFadden (2004) and García-Vasco (2005) support the suggestion that Pygmy Raccoon is a true dwarf and a separate species. Analysis of mtDNA indicates that this species is genetically distinct from the Yucatan Peninsula P. lotor (i.e., the closest congeneric populations; McFadden et al. 2008). Helgen and Wilson (2003) considered P. pygmaeus to be the only valid taxon among the insular raccoons from the Caribbean." 19852,Salanoia concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Salanoia,concolor,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837)","Durbin et al. (2010) named Salanoia durrelli based on one specimen, although other individuals were observed but not taken. The morphological differences are minor and the name is here considered a synonym pending examination of further material. The population to which it refers is ecologically anomalous, occurring in marshland not the forest used by all other populations, and is highly threatened; clarifying its taxonomic status is therefore of urgent conservation importance." 23036,Viverra civettina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Viverra,civettina,,,,,"Blyth, 1862","Malabar Civet was considered a subspecies of Large-spotted Civet V. megaspila by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). Most standard sources, e.g. Pocock (1939), Corbet and Hill (1992) considered it a separate species, but purported morphological differences are slight and its taxonomy therefore needs re-evaluation. It is even possible that it is not a taxon at all, but a result of transport of Large-spotted Civet (Nandini and Mudappa 2010). For the present assessment, the precautionary stance is taken of assuming that Malabar Civet is a valid taxon, and that it is distinct at the species level." 29672,Martes foina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,foina,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","Some of the island populations are morphologically quite distinct, although the taxonomic significance of this is not yet clear (e.g. Krystufek 2004a, 2004b). some of these island populations are rare and perhaps threatened." 29673,Meles meles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Meles,meles,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Previously the genus Meles was considered to be monospecific. Recent morphological and genetic studies supported the separation of Meles into three species (Abramov 2002, 2003; Abramov and Puzachenko 2005, 2006). Certain craniological and molecular data suggest that badgers from South-west Asia (here treated as subspecies of M. meles) should be recognised as fourth full species, M. canescens (Del Cerro et al. 2010, Tashima et al. 2011, Abramov and Puzachenko 2013)." 29674,Mustela erminea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,erminea,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 29679,Mustela eversmanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,eversmanii,,,,,"Lesson, 1827","Some authors (e.g., Pocock 1936, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951) considered Mustela eversmanii conspecific with M. putorius, however most recognised these two taxa as closely related but distinct species (Heptner et al. 1967, Abramov 2000, Wozencraft 2005). Recent molecular (Davison et al. 1999, Kurose et al. 2000, Koepfli et al. 2008) and morphological (Abramov et al. 2016) studies support this point of view. This species includes Mustela amurensis, sometimes treated as a full species based on fur coloration (e.g., Gao et al. 1987, Wang and Yang 2007)." 29680,Vormela peregusna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Vormela,peregusna,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1770)",Marbled Polecat infra-specific taxonomy is not clear and further work on this is required (most of the work so far has been done on pelts). 39426,Galidia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Galidia,elegans,,,,,"I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837",There are three described subspecies: an eastern race (G. e. elegans) found in the eastern rainforests; a western race (G. e. occidentalis) found in deciduous forests in the central western parts; and a northern race (G. e. dambrensis) in the north. 39547,Eupleres major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Eupleres,major,,,,,"Lavauden, 1929","Until recently the genus Eupleres was generally considered to hold only one species, E. goudotii. Goodman and Helgen (2010) provided convincing morphological evidence that there are two species, geographically separated. This treatment is followed here." 40784,Neovison macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Neovison,macrodon,,,,,"(Prentis, 1903)","Sea Mink has been regarded as a subspecies of the American Mink Neovison vison, but Mead et al. (2000) and Wozencraft (2005) recognized it as a distinct species. Both are commonly included in Mustela, but were separated into Neovison according to Abramov (2000). Cytogenetic and biochemical data support their placement in the genus Neovison (Wozencraft 2005)." 68336601,Eupleres goudotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Eupleres,goudotii,,,,,"Doyère, 1835","Until recently the genus Eupleres was generally considered to hold only one species, E. goudotii. Goodman and Helgen (2010) provided convincing morphological evidence that there are two species, geographically separated. This treatment is followed here." 41589,Nandinia binotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,NANDINIIDAE,Nandinia,binotata,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","Treated here as the only member of the family Nandiniidae, following Pocock (1929), Wozencraft (2005) and Gaubert et al. (2005). For further discussion see Gaubert (2013)." 41590,Atilax paludinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Atilax,paludinosus,,,,,"(G.[Baron] Cuvier, 1829)",Recent molecular studies have revealed that the Water Mongoose is a sister-species to the Long-nosed Mongoose (Xenogale naso) (Veron et al. in press). 41592,Bdeogale nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Bdeogale,nigripes,,,,,"Pucheran, 1855", 41593,Crossarchus alexandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Crossarchus,alexandri,,,,,"Thomas & Wroughton, 1907", 41594,Crossarchus ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Crossarchus,ansorgei,,,,,"Thomas, 1910", 41595,Crossarchus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Crossarchus,obscurus,,,,,"F.G. Cuvier, 1825","Considered conspecific with Crossarchus platycephalus by Wozencraft (1993), but here treated as a distinct species following Van Rompaey and Colyn (1992), Colyn and Van Rompaey (1994) and Colyn et al. (1995). The separation of C. obscurus from C. platycephalus has been supported by a recent exhaustive study based on craniometric and molecular analyses (Sonet et al. 2014)." 41596,Crossarchus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Crossarchus,platycephalus,,,,,"Goldman, 1984","Considered conspecific with Crossarchus obscurus by Wozencraft (1993), but here treated as a distinct species following Van Rompaey and Colyn (1992), Colyn and Van Rompaey (1994) and Colyn et al. (1995). The separation of C. platycephalus from C. obscurus has been supported by a recent exhaustive study based on craniometric and molecular analyses (Sonet et al. 2014)." 41597,Cynictis penicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Cynictis,penicillata,,,,,"(G.[Baron] Cuvier, 1829)","Cynictis penicillata belongs to the clade of solitary mongooses, the subfamily Herpestinae (Veron et al. 2004), and is the sister-taxon of Selous’ Mongoose (Paracynictis selousi) (Flynn et al. 2005). No phylogeographical structure or subspecies delimitation was found by an analysis of molecular variance (van Vuuren & Robinson 1997)." 41598,Dologale dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Dologale,dybowskii,,,,,"(Pousargues, 1893)", 41599,Herpestes flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,flavescens,,,,,"Bocage, 1889","Crawford Cabral (1989, 1996) considered nigratus conspecific with the earlier described flavescens Bocage, 1889 from Angola. This classification has been followed by others (Bronner et al. 2003, Wozencraft 2005, Taylor 2013, Veron et al. in press) and is adopted here. While the 'Black Mongoose' (Myonax nigratus Thomas, 1928) was initially described as a species in its own right, there has been much controversy surrounding its species status (summarised in Rapson 2011), and notably it was regarded as a subspecies of the Cape Grey Mongoose (H. pulverulentus) by Ellerman et al. (1953). However, unique characteristics of nigratus distinguishing it from both H. pulverulentus and Common Slender Mongoose (H. sanguineus) include craniometric variables—size of anterior and posterior chambers of the auditory bulla, presence or absence of the postorbital bar and the number of lower premolars—and pelage colour (Watson and Dippenaar 1987, Watson 1990, Taylor and Goldman 1993). Rapson et al. (2012) presented the first genetic evidence indicating that it is indeed a species separate from both H. pulverulentus and H. sanguineus. In addition, nigratus may actually constitute a species distinct from H. flavescens, as highlighted by Rathbun and Cowley (2008) who noted the remarkable difference in pelage colouration between specimens from Angola and Namibia, the lack of comparative data between the two forms in Crawford-Cabral’s papers, and the possible ecological differences between the two forms. Comparative ecological, morphometric and genetic studies of individuals from Namibia and Angola are needed to resolve this taxonomic conundrum. The Kaokoveld Slender Mongoose, alongside other 'small' African Herpestes species, are here retained in the genus Herpestes, although Watson and Dippenaar (1987) included them in the genus Galerella, a classification which is backed up by molecular studies (Rapson et al. 2012, Veron et al. in press)." 41600,Herpestes pulverulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,pulverulentus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1839)","Sometimes included in the genus Galerella (Meester et al. 1986; Wozencraft 2005; Veron et al. in press). Cavallini (2013) recognised three subspecies: Herpestes pulverulentus pulverulentus (present in most of the range), H. p. basuticus (present at higher altitudes, from the east of Lesotho to the west of KwaZulu-Natal), and H. p. ruddi (in the extreme northwestern section of the distribution range). Lynch (1981) noted that character gradients are present in individuals from contiguous areas." 41606,Herpestes sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,sanguineus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)","This species is sometimes included in the genus Galerella (e.g. Meester et al. 1986; Wozencraft 1993, 2005; Veron et al. in press). In accordance with Hoffman and Taylor (2013) this assessment does not include Herpestes ochraceus, which is regarded as a separate species by many authors, notably Taylor (2013)." 41608,Helogale hirtula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Helogale,hirtula,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 41609,Helogale parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Helogale,parvula,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1847)","Coetzee (1977) recognised three sections and a total of 13 subspecies of Helogale parvula, but Creel (2013) highlighted that the subspecific taxonomy is confused and in severe need of revision. According to the current state of knowledge, H. p. parvula is the only subspecies present in the assessment region." 41610,Herpestes brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,brachyurus,,,,,"Gray, 1837","Herpestes hosei, named from one specimen from Borneo, was treated as a separate species by Payne et al. (1985) but was considered a synonym of H. brachyurus by Corbet and Hill (1992) on morphological grounds and by Veron et al. (2015) after genetic analysis. In the early-mid 20th century, H. semitorquatus and H. fuscus were sometimes considered conspecific with H. brachyurus, but are now universally considered to be valid species (see Van Rompaey 2000). Various subspecies of H. brachyurus have been proposed. The Philippine form was noted as startlingly distinct from the other forms by Allen (1910), while Wilson et al. (2006) considered that it would be better treated as a distinct species, although they did not explain under which characters. Mitochondrial DNA and morphology suggest that this population is in fact more closely related to Collared Mongoose than to Short-tailed Mongoose (Veron et al. 2015), so Philippine animals have been excluded from this account. Veron et al. (2015) found that Bornean Short-tailed Mongooses differed markedly in mitochondrial DNA from Sumatran/peninsular Malaysian ones, such that they might better be considered different species; there are also dental differences. Pending further investigation they remain treated together here." 41611,Herpestes edwardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,edwardsii,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818)","Four subspecies are listed by Corbet and Hill (1992), but there is no recent taxonomic revision." 41612,Herpestes fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,fuscus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1838","The Sri Lankan and Indian populations may be separate subspecies; Corbet and Hill (1992) recognised four subspecies, fuscus, phillipsi, siccatus and rubidor), across the range. There is no recent taxonomic revision." 41613,Herpestes ichneumon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,ichneumon,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Meester et al. (1986) recognised two subspecies of Herpestes ichneumon in southern Africa; namely H. i. cafer (Gmelin 1788) from Hermanus in the Western Cape along the coast to KwaZulu-Natal, and into Mpumalanga, eastern Swaziland, Mozambique and Zimbabwe; and H. i. mababiensis Roberts 1932, which is restricted to northern Botswana." 70203940,Herpestes javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,javanicus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818)","Over the twentieth century there was no agreement over whether Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus was conspecific with H. javanicus, with major faunistic works taking both options with similar frequency. Taylor and Matheson (1999) convincingly demonstrated on morphological grounds that the two species were distinct. This was corroborated by further morphological and genetic investigation (Veron et al. 2006, Patou et al. 2009). The operational problems of this division are considerable: a paucity of specimens makes it unclear which species occur (and their extent of overlap, if any) in large tracts of the combined range, including China and northern South-East Asia (Veron et al. 2006). Much information published under the name Small Asian Mongoose H. javanicus sensu lato in fact refers to H. auropunctatus, including all that from outside Asia." 41615,Herpestes naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,naso,,,,,"de Winton, 1901","This species has been included in the genus Xenogale, but is here retained under Herpestes in order to avoid paraphyly following Wozencraft (1993, 2005)." 41616,Herpestes semitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,semitorquatus,,,,,"Gray, 1846","Collared Mongoose Herpestes semitorquatus has been suggested to be conspecific with Short-tailed Mongoose H. brachyurus but has been recognised as a valid species by all major authors in recent decades. Genetic and morphological information (excepting coat colour, which is probably in this case of limited value as a phylogenetic signal) suggests that the mongooses on Palawan and the Calamian islands (Philippines), typically included in Short-tailed Mongoose, are in fact a form of Collared Mongoose (Veron et al. 2015); this view is tentatively followed here." 41617,Herpestes smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,smithii,,,,,"Gray, 1837",Two subspecies are recognised by Corbet and Hill (1992) but there has been no recent taxonomic review. 41619,Herpestes vitticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,vitticollis,,,,,"Bennett, 1835","Two subspecies are recognised, H. v. vitticollis and H. v. inornatus (Van Rompaey and Jayakumar 2003) but there has been no recent taxonomic revision." 41620,Ichneumia albicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Ichneumia,albicauda,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1829)","This species is occasionally mistaken with Meller’s Mongoose (Rhynchogale melleri), which also sometimes has a white tail. However, the White-tailed Mongoose is usually larger, and its body appears black, rather than brown (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). Further confusion in identification is sometimes created by the fact that Ichneumia albicauda individuals with black tails have been recorded in several areas of the African distribution range (A. Page pers. comm. 2014, C. Wright pers. comm. 2014). Only one subspecies has been listed, from southern Africa, I. a. grandis (Thomas 1890), but the nominate form has a wide distribution across much of the rest of Africa (Meester et al. 1986)." 41621,Mungos mungo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Mungos,mungo,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Although there is historic recognition of the southern African subspecies, Mungos mungo taenionotus (Kingdon 1997), from KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, and M. m. grisonax from the North West, Limpopo and Gauteng provinces (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), these subspecies are no longer recognised. Skinner and Chimimba (2005) describe the variation in pelage colour between these previously recognised subspecies, with M. m. grisonax lighter in colour than M. m. taenianotus." 41622,Paracynictis selousi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Paracynictis,selousi,,,,,"(de Winton, 1896)","Coetzee (1977) recognized four subspecies: 1) P. s. selousi (De Winton 1896), 2) P. s. sengaani Roberts 1931, 3) P. s. ngamiensis Roberts 1932 and 4) P. s. bechuanae Roberts 1932. However, Meester et al. (1986) regarded ngamiensis and bechuanae as synonyms of P. s. selousi, with the latter occurring throughout the southern African subregion, excluding northeastern KwaZulu-Natal and southern Mozambique, occupied by P. s. sengaani." 41623,Rhynchogale melleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Rhynchogale,melleri,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)","Meester et al. (1986) listed two subspecies from the southern African subregion: 1) R. m. melleri and 2) R. m. langi. The latter is the only subspecies present in the assessment region, more specifically, from eastern Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces, and Swaziland (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 41624,Suricata suricatta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Suricata,suricatta,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)","Meester et al. (1986) recognised two subspecies: S. s. suricatta and S. s. marjoriae Bradfield 1936. The nominate subspecies occupies the whole distributional range, excluding the Namib Desert and pro-Namib north of Swakopmund, where S. s. marjoriae occurs; the latter might be replaced by S. s. iona Cabral 1971 in Angola (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 70205537,Arctonyx collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Arctonyx,collaris,,,,,"F.G. Cuvier, 1825","For many decades the genus Arctonyx was universally considered monospecific, under the oldest available name, A. collaris. It has been proposed that the genus contains multiple species: Sumatran Hog Badger A. hoevenii is disjunct from the rest of the genus's range, whilst Northern Hog Badger A. albogularis and Greater Hog Badger A. collaris (sensu stricto) occur in mainland Asia, with a poorly understood zone of overlap or contact (Helgen et al. 2008). This revision was not accepted by Choudhury (2013) who furthermore queried the neotype and accompanying type locality selected for A. collaris by Helgen et al. (2008). Nonetheless, Helgen et al. (2008: 369) were explicit that ""the absolute, striking distinctions in size, pelage and qualitative cranial morphology between available adult samples of A. albogularis and A. collaris indicate no intergradation between these taxa"". Therefore, three species of hog badger are recognized here." 41626,Melogale moschata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Melogale,moschata,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)",The morphological similarities shared by all Melogale species mean that further research on the systematics of this genus is necessary (Long 1992); there is no recent comprehensive study. 41627,Melogale personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Melogale,personata,,,,,"I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831","Melogale personata is sometimes considered to include the disjunct populations orientalis of Java and everetti of Borneo, both here considered as separate species; M. personata does not otherwise occur on these islands. The external morphological similarities shared by all Melogale species bedevil identification of individuals to species. There has been no modern thorough taxonomic study of this genus; such an investigation is warranted (Long 1992)." 41628,Mydaus javanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Mydaus,javanensis,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1820)",For long Mydaus was classified as a genus of Mustelidae. It in fact constitutes the only Old-world genus of the skunk family (Mepihitidae; Dragoo and Honeycutt 1997). Corbet and Hill (1992) queried whether M. marchei of Palawan and some adjacent islands (Philippines) is distinct enough to warrant species-level separation from M. javanensis. 41629,Mellivora capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mellivora,capensis,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)", 41630,Conepatus chinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Conepatus,chinga,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","

While many authors have traditionally considered skunks a subfamily (Mephitinae) within Mustelidae, recent molecular evidence indicates that skunks do not lie within the mustelid group and should be recognised as a single family, Mephitidae (Dragoo and Honeycutt 1997).

A recent revision including morphological, molecular and pelage coloration analyses proposed that Conepatus chinga and C. humboldtii are conspecific, and as C. chinga has page priority, this should be the valid name for the species (Schiaffini et al. 2013). The same authors (p. 341) wrote that ""samples from Chile, DNA samples from this country and from north-west Argentina, and other genes will help to test this hypothesis and the conclusions presented in this paper"" and pending such corroboration, the Red List maintains the treatment as two species.

" 41631,Conepatus humboldtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Conepatus,humboldtii,,,,,"Gray, 1837","While many authors have traditionally considered skunks a subfamily (Mephitinae) within Mustelidae, recent molecular evidence indicates that skunks do not lie within the mustelid group and should be recognised as a single family, Mephitidae (Wozencraft 2005)." 41632,Conepatus leuconotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Conepatus,leuconotus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1832)","Conepatus leuconotus and C. mesoleucus formerly were regarded as distinct species (e.g. Jones et al. 1992). Dragoo et al. (2003) examined morphological and molecular characters of Conepatus skunks and determined that (1) C. mesoleucus is not a species distinct from C. leuconotus, (2) Conepatus subspecies texensis, mearnsi, mesoleucus , nelsoni, venaticus, nicaraguae, sonoriensis, and filipensis should be lumped as C. leuconotus leuconotus , (3) subspecies figginsi and fremonti should be lumped as C. l. figginsi, and (4) C. mesoleucus telmalestes should be regarded as C. leuconotus telmalestes. They suggested that further genetic research might indicate that figginsi and telmalestes are not valid taxa but that the populations they represent (if not extinct) will require different management strategies from the wide-ranging C. l. leuconotus. Wozencraft (2005) included mesoleucus in C. leuconotus." 41633,Conepatus semistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Conepatus,semistriatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1785)","While many authors have traditionally considered skunks a subfamily (Mephitinae) within Mustelidae, recent molecular evidence indicates that skunks do not lie within the mustelid group and should be recognised as a single family, Mephitidae (Wozencraft 2005)." 41634,Mephitis macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Mephitis,macroura,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1832","While many authors have traditionally considered skunks a subfamily (Mephitinae) within Mustelidae, recent molecular evidence indicates that skunks do not lie within the mustelid family and should be recognised as a separate family, Mephitidae (Wozencraft 2005)." 41635,Mephitis mephitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Mephitis,mephitis,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)","While many authors have traditionally considered skunks a subfamily (Mephitinae) within Mustelidae, recent molecular evidence indicates that skunks do not lie within the mustelid family and should be recognised as a separate family, Mephitidae (Wozencraft 2005)." 41636,Spilogale putorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Spilogale,putorius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Based on patterns of mitochndrial DNA variation in Mustelidae (sensu lato), Dragoo and Honeycut (1997) recommended that skunks Mephitis, Conepatus, Spilogale and the Oriental stink badgers Mydaus be separated as a distinct family, Mephitidae. Subsequent mitochondrial DNA work by Marmi et al. (2004) and multi-gene work by Eizirik et al. (2010) supported the family-level recognition of the Mephitidae.

Although Spilogale gracilis has been included in S. putorius by some authors (e.g. Van Gelder 1959, Hall 1981, Wozencraft 1993), Mead (1968) argued that S. gracilis and S. putorius have distinct reproductive strategies (the former shows delayed implantation while the later does not) and therefore should be considered distinct species. Dragoo et al. (1993) assessed allozyme and mitochondrial DNA data and found that the level of genetic divergence between these two forms of Spilogale was similar to that observed between other well-recognised species of skunks. Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003) and Wozencraft (2005) both recognised S. gracilis and S. putorius as separate species. Similarly, Owen et al. (1996) examined the karyotypes of two each of S. putorius interrupta and S. putorius tropicalis, the results of which Wozencraft (2005) stated supported the recognition of S. angustifrons (containing tropicalis) as a species distinct from S. putorius (containing interrupta).

In the residual S. putorius, three subspecies are recognized (Kinlaw 1995): the plains or prairie spotted skunk S. p. interrupta, the Allegheny or Appalachian spotted skunk S. p. putorius, and the Florida spotted skunk S. p. ambarvalis. These subspecies are found, respectively, in the central USA west of the Mississippi River, in the south-eastern USA including the southern Appalachian Mountains, and in peninsular Florida. To date, there have been no detailed intraspecies phylogenetic or phylogeographic examinations of S. putorius genetic variability.

" 41637,Spilogale pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Spilogale,pygmaea,,,,,"Thomas, 1898","Based on patterns of mtDNA variation in Mustelidae, Dragoo and Honeycut (1997) recommended that skunks Mephitis, Conepatus, Spilogale and the Oriental stink-badgers Mydaus be separated as a distinct family (Mephitidae). Wozencraft (2005) recognised the family Mephitidae. Ewer (1973) argued that Spilogale pygmaea is conspecific with S. putorius, a view not now widely accepted." 41639,Galictis cuja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Galictis,cuja,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 41640,Galictis vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Galictis,vittata,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)", 41644,Eira barbara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Eira,barbara,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 41645,Ictonyx libycus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Ictonyx,libycus,,,,,"(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)","This species was included in the genus Poecilictis by Cuzin (2013) following molecular studies by Koepfli et al. (2008) and Sato et al. (2012). However, it is treated here as congeneric with Ictonyx following Rosevear (1974), Niethammer (1987) and Wozencraft (2005). Note that Ictonyx is a masculine genus so this species is thus correctly I. lybicus, not I. lybica, as recently pointed out and used in Do Linh San et al. (2013)." 41646,Ictonyx striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Ictonyx,striatus,,,,,"(Perry, 1810)","The type locality of this species is the Cape of Good Hope (Hollister 1915). Although Meester et al. (1986) and Coetzee (1977) listed at least ten subspecies, it is likely that many of these will be discredited following further taxonomic research (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). The Zorilla is easily distinguished from the closely related African Striped Weasel (Poecilogale albinucha) by its larger size, longer hair, and the three characteristic white facial markings (Rowe-Rowe 1997)." 41647,Lyncodon patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lyncodon,patagonicus,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1842)", 41648,Martes americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,americana,,,,,"(Turton, 1806)","Before 1953, two species of marten, Martes americana and Martes caurina, were recognised in North America. Subsequently, these two polytypic forms were found to intergrade in Montana and British Columbia, and they were synonymised under Martes americana, which is now considered to comprise two subspecies-groups (americana and caurina). However, based on genetic data, Hicks and Carr (1997) and McGowan et al. (1999) suggested that the caurina and americana groups may indeed represent two distinct species. Wozencraft (2005) noted that most authorities have regarded caurina and americana as subspecies groups rather than as species." 41649,Martes flavigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,flavigula,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1785)","The geographic variability of M. flavigula is considerable; many subspecies have been described, and a taxonomic revision is needed, particularly because some island forms have been suggested to be under threat. Schreiber et al. (1989) pointed out that the Javan form of M. flavigula, M. f. robinsoni, is clearly distinct from the ones on Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra, which could indicate that the Javan taxon may be a distinct species. Pocock (1936) and Baryshnikov and Abramov (1997, 1998) separated the species from other Martes and placed in the genus Lamprogale based on bacular morphology. The genus Charronia is also sometimes used in this sense. Recent genetic studies (Li et al. 2014), however, confirm the monophyly of the genus Martes, containing M. flavigula (as subgenus Charronia). Rozhnov (1995) separated several subspecies, including henrici, hainana and peninsularis, into the distinct species M. lasiotis; this was followed by, for example, Abramov et al. (2007) (as Lamprogale lasiotis). The subspecies M. f. robinsoni was assessed separately in the 1996 Red List Assessment of this species." 41650,Martes melampus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,melampus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1840)","Martes melampus is morphologically close to M. martes, M. zibellina and M. americana, all of which were often combined sometimes into one 'superspecies' (e.g., Hagmeier 1961, Anderson 1970). Recent genetic studies support the species status of Martes melampus (Kurose et al. 1999, Koepfli et al. 2008, Li et al. 2014)" 41652,Martes zibellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,zibellina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","In general, Martes zibellina is most similar morphologically to M. martes, M. americana, and M. melampus (Anderson 1970, Clark et al. 1987, Hagmeier 1961, Heptner et al. 1967); however, it has a shorter tail and darker, more lustrous and silky pelage. Heptner et al. (1967) believed that M. zibellina includes M. melampus as subspecies, but recent genetic studies support the species rank of M. zibellina and M. melampus (Kurose et al. 1999, Inoue et al. 2010, Li et al. 2014). The largest Sables dwell in Kamtchatka, Altai and Ural forests and the smallest are found in the Ussuri and Amur forests of the Russian Far East and on Hokkaido, Japan. Darkest pelages occur in the Baikal Region, Yakutia and Amur Basin, and the lightest in Trans-Urals (Timofeev and Nadeev 1955, G. Monakhov 1976, V.G. Monakhov 2006, Monakhov and Bakeyev 1981). Historically, up to 34 subspecies and variations of Martes zibellina have been proposed by different authors (Wozencraft 2005, Monakhov 2011). An intraspecific revision is hampered by considerable polyclinal geographical variability, and also by mass reintroductions in Russia in the mid-20th century (Timofeev and Pavlov 1973, Monakhov 2006, 2011, Ranyuk and Monakhov 2011)." 41653,Mustela altaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,altaica,,,,,"Pallas, 1811","The taxonomic position of Mustela altaica within the genus Mustela has long been debated (see Wozencraft 2005). Recent findings indicate it is phylogenetically close to Least Weasel M. nivalis (Abramov 2000, Kurose et al. 2000, Abramov et al. 2013). Intraspecific taxonomy has not yet been studied sufficiently. The subspecies from eastern Siberia (Transbaikalia, Russian Far East), M. a. raddei, is distinguished sharply from the other forms by its bright coloration" 41654,Mustela frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,frenata,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1831", 41655,Mustela kathiah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,kathiah,,,,,"Hodgson, 1835",The intraspecific variation of Yellow-bellied Weasel has not been studied yet. A molecular study found high differences between specimens from south China (Yunnan) and southern Vietnam (Abramov et al. 2013). 41656,Mustela itatsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,itatsi,,,,,"Temminck, 1844","Abramov (2000a, 2000b), based on morphotypic characteristics of the skull, body size, coloration and baculum, positioned Japanese Weasel Mustela itatsi as a species distinct from Siberian Weasel M. sibirica, of which it was formerly generally considered a subspecies (but see Graphodatsky et al. 1976). Suzuki et al. (2011) documented interspecific and sexual differences in the skulls between M. itatsi and M. sibirica, which together with trenchant genetic differences (Kurose et al. 2000, Masuda et al. 2012) strongly support treatment as two species." 41657,Mustela nudipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,nudipes,,,,,"Desmarest, 1822", 41658,Mustela putorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,putorius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Some authors (e.g., Pocock 1936, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951) considered that Mustela putorius and Steppe Polecat M. eversmanii are conspecific, but most recognised these two taxa as closely related but distinct species (e.g. Heptner et al. 1967, Abramov 2000, Wozencraft 2005). Recent molecular studies support this point of view (Davison et al. 1999, Kurose et al. 2000, Koepfli et al. 2008). Mustela putorius is the probable ancestor of Domestic Ferret M. furo; this latter is often known as M. p. furo. The origin of the North African population allied to this species has been debated. Some authors contend that it is a feral population of Domestic Ferret, although fossil remains found in 2001 and ascribed to M. putorius suggest that the species might be native to North Africa (see Gippoliti 2011, Ahmim 2013, Griffiths and Cuzin 2013 and references therein). Much information published under the name M. putorius refers specifically to M. furo; for example, only this latter has been introduced to New Zealand (Clapperton 2001)." 41659,Mustela sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,sibirica,,,,,"Pallas, 1773","Abramov (2000), Kurose et al. (2000), and Graphodatsky et al. (1976) supported species-level separation of itatsi from Siberian Weasel Mustela sibirica. Mustela lutreolina of Java and Sumatra is also sometimes considered part of M. sibirica (e.g., Corbet 1978). Both are here considered distinct. The taxonomic status of the Central Asian and Himalayan populations of M. sibirica is uncertain." 41661,Neovison vison,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Neovison,vison,,,,,"(Schreber, 1777)","Commonly included in Mustela, separated accordingly to Abramov (2000). Cytogenetic and biochemical data support placement of the American Mink and Sea Mink in the genus Neovison rather than in Mustela (Wozencraft 2005)." 41662,Poecilogale albinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Poecilogale,albinucha,,,,,"(Gray, 1864)","Six subspecies have been proposed (Meester et al. 1986), but their validity is dubious as they are based on appearance only (Stuart & Stuart 2013)." 41663,Taxidea taxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Taxidea,taxus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1777)","Four subspecies have been recognized based on differences in skull size and pelage colour (Long 1972): Taxidea taxus berlandieri, in the southern United States; T. t. jacksoni, in the north-central United States and southern Ontario in Canada; T. t. taxus, in the Great Plains ecosystem from the United States into the prairie provinces of Canada; and T. t. jeffersonii, in the western United States and southern British Columbia." 48637566,Bassaricyon alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Bassaricyon,alleni,,,,,"Thomas, 1880","

The genus Bassaricyon was recently revised, and the content of this name changed somewhat from previous usage (Helgen et al. 2013).

" 41679,Potos flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Potos,flavus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)", 41680,Bassariscus astutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Bassariscus,astutus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1830)","The genus Bassariscus, which comprises only two species, is regarded together with Bassaricyon as one of the most primitive procyonid genera (Wozencraft 1989). It is also one of only two procyonid genera not confounded with known taxonomic problems." 41683,Nasua narica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Nasua,narica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Includes Nasua nelsoni (see Decker and Wozencraft 1991). 41684,Nasua nasua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Nasua,nasua,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 41685,Procyon cancrivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Procyon,cancrivorus,,,,,"(G.[Baron] Cuvier, 1798)", 41686,Procyon lotor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Procyon,lotor,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Includes the Caribbean introduced populations of gloveralleni, minor, and maynardi after Helgen and Wilson (2003); includes insularis after Helgen and Wilson (2005)." 41689,Hemigalus derbyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Hemigalus,derbyanus,,,,,"(Gray, 1837)","The taxonomy of Banded Civet has not been recently reviewed. Two proposed subspecies in particular have small ranges on the Mentawai islands, and might have conservation needs; of these H. d. minor has been generally acknowledged as valid, but H. d. sipora was combined with H. d. derbyanus from Sumatra by Pocock (1933); the validity of uniting these subspecies is unclear (Schreiber et al. 1989)." 41690,Arctictis binturong,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Arctictis,binturong,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)","Nine subspecies have been proposed (Pocock 1933, Cosson et al. 2007). Schreiber et al. (1989) proposed that clarification of the species’s taxonomy was important given that some of the proposed subspecies, notably A. b. kerkhoveni of Bangka, Indonesia, and A. b. whitei of the Palawan island group, Philippines, have very small distribution ranges." 41691,Arctogalidia trivirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Arctogalidia,trivirgata,,,,,"(Gray, 1832)","Based on morphology (primarily external) Van Bemmel (1952) recognised seven subspecies in three major groups: A. t. leucotis and allies from mainland areas north of the Isthmus of Kra; A. t. trivirgata and allies from the Thai-Malay peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo; and A. t. trilineata from Java. Corbet and Hill (1992) maintained this three-way division, apparently considering each to comprise only one subspecies. Duckworth (1997b) pointed out that Bornean and Indochinese animals also differed consistently in calls. Schreiber et al. (1989) pointed out that the Javan form of A. trivirgata is both clearly distinct from others, and probably threatened; there are few localities with recent records (e.g. Eaton et al. 2010). This emphasises the importance of a modern comprehensive taxonomic revision. Van Bemmel's (1952) conclusion, that the genus should be treated monospecifically, was made in an era when related forms were generally considered conspecific unless they overlapped geographically and ecologically. Currently, such overlap is no longer considered necessary, and there is little question that this genus contains multiple species (J.W. Duckworth in litt. 2006)." 41692,Paguma larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Paguma,larvata,,,,,"(C.E.H. Smith, 1827)","Corbet and Hill (1992) listed six subspecies, reflecting the striking morphological variation, with strong geographical basis, in this species." 41693,Paradoxurus hermaphroditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Paradoxurus,hermaphroditus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1777)","Many subspecies have been described (Patou et al. 2010), notably the taxon lignicolor, endemic to the Mentawai islands. This has a debated taxonomic status, being sometimes considered a separate species (e.g. Schreiber et al. 1989, Corbet and Hill 1992) or, as here, a subspecies of P. hermaphroditus (e.g. Wozencraft 2005). As this account was being finalised, Veron et al. (2015) proposed that P. hermaphroditus, as here treated, contains at least three species: P. hermaphroditus (sensu stricto) (South Asia, southern China and non-Sundaic South-east Asia), P. musanga (mainland South-east Asia, Sumatra, Java and other small Indonesian islands) and P. philippinensis (the Mentawai Islands, Borneo and the Philippines). They suspected that in the region of overlap between P. hermaphroditus (sensu stricto) and P. musanga they would be found to be separated by altitude. The morphological distinctiveness of the Mentawai taxon was confirmed; although placed as a subspecies within P. musanga, they cautioned that further investigation might find species rank more appropriate; genetic data do not, as so far looked at, support species status (A. Wilting pers. comm. 2014)." 41694,Paradoxurus zeylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Paradoxurus,zeylonensis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1778)","Groves et al. (2009) proposed, on the basis of morphology, that there are at least three, probably four, species of golden palm civet, and that the name in general use for them, as a single species, Paradoxurus zeylonensis (Pallas, 1778), did not in fact refer to any of their proposed golden palm civets, for which they used the names Paradoxurus aureus F. Cuvier, 1822; P. montanus Kelaart, 1852; and P. stenocephalus Groves, Rajapaksha & Manemandra-Arachchi, 2009. However, a re-examination, including many of the same specimens, concluded that the undoubted wide morphological variation was individual and perhaps age-based, and thus not of taxonomic significance, and a genetic analysis lent no support to the suggestion of multiple species (Veron et al. 2015). Moreover, the abandonment of the name Paradoxurus zeylonensis was considered to be unnecessary (Veron et al. 2015). Hence, only one species, Golden Palm Civet Paradoxurus zeylonensis, is recognised here." 41696,Genetta angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,angolensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1882", 41697,Melogale orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Melogale,orientalis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","Usually Melogale orientalis has been recognised as a separate species (Pocock 1941, Riffel 1991, Corbet and Hill 1992, Wozencraft 2005), but sometimes it is considered as a subspecies of Large-toothed Ferret Badger M. personata (e.g., Long 1992). Because of the morphological similarities between all Melogale species and because no thorough taxonomic study has been done on this genus, further research on the systematics of this genus is necessary (Long 1992)." 41698,Genetta genetta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,genetta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There is a high degree of phenotypic variation in this species which resulted in the description of several subspecies; the validity of many of these remains untested, while others may actually represent distinct subspecies or even species (Gaubert et al. 2004, 2005, 2009). A recent mtDNA-based study suggested at least four distinct geographic lineages within the species circumscribed to the Mediterranean Basin, western Africa (also spread into North Africa), southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Gaubert et al. 2011). The taxonomic status of Genetta felina, a lineage endemic to southern Africa, remains debated (see Gaubert et al. 2004, 2005; Gaubert & Begg 2007)." 41699,Genetta maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,maculata,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","Previously considered part of Genetta tigrina. The species epithet “maculata” is no longer valid according to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, and thus should only be used as a provisional naming (ICZN 2007). Genetta “maculata” is part of the large-spotted genet complex, also including G. pardina (western Africa), G. tigrina (South Africa) and other forest forms with uncertain taxonomic status (Gaubert 2003). For discussion on the complex taxonomic history of this taxon see Gaubert (2003), Gaubert et al. (2005a,b), Wozencraft (2005) and Angelici and Gaubert (2013). Through a naked eye, Rusty-spotted Genet differs from Cape Genet by the presence of rusty spots and the absence of “black socks” on both the front and hind legs (Photo 1). In addition, it does not possess a mid-dorsal crest (i.e. longer hairs along the spine), and it has shorter tail hairs (2–3 cm vs 4–4.5 cm) than the Cape Genet, but these differences cannot always be recognised during fleeting encounters in the field or even on pictures. Although both species present additional morphological and genetic differences, further molecular studies are required to solve the taxonomic status of G. maculata relative to G. tigrina; and to establish how many species are in fact present in the G. maculata complex." 41701,Genetta thierryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,thierryi,,,,,"Matschie, 1902", 41702,Genetta tigrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,tigrina,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)","This species was until recently considered conspecific with the Rusty-spotted Genet (G. maculata) (Coetzee 1977; Meester et al. 1986). It is here regarded as distinct based on evidence provided by Crawford-Cabral (1980–81), Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1992), Schlawe (1981), Gaubert (2003) and Gaubert et al. (2005b). See Wozencraft (2005) and Gaubert (2013) for further discussion. Through a naked eye Cape Genet differs from Rusty-spotted Genet by the absence of rusty spots and the presence of ""black socks"", i.e. the coloration of the whole hindfoot and that of the posterior part of the upper arms and around forefoot pads is dark (Photo 1). The Cape Genet also possesses a mid-dorsal crest (i.e. longer hairs along the spine) and longer tail hairs (4–4.5 cm versus 2–3 cm) than Rusty-spotted Genet, but these characteristics cannot always be identified during fleeting field encounters or even on pictures. Despite the presence of other morphological and some genetic differences, further investigations are needed in order to solve the taxonomic status of G. tigrina relative to G. maculata. [Note that the species name “maculata” is invalid; see details in Rusty-spotted Genet account.]" 41703,Genetta victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,victoriae,,,,,"Thomas, 1901", 41704,Poiana richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Poiana,richardsonii,,,,,"(Thomson, 1842)","Following Rosevear (1974), Wozencraft (2005) and Van Rompaey and Colyn (2013) this assessment does not include the subspecies Poiana richardsonii liberiensis, which is now considered a species on its own, namely West African Oyan (P. leightoni)." 41705,Prionodon linsang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PRIONODONTIDAE,Prionodon,linsang,,,,,"(Hardwicke, 1821)","The two Asian linsang Prionodon species, formerly classified as part of the civet family (Viverridae), are now known to comprise their own separate family, the Prionodontidae (see Gaubert and Veron 2003, Gaubert and Cordeiro-Estrela 2006, Barycka 2007). Four subspecies of Banded Linsang P. linsang have been described, but there has been no recent taxonomic revision: P. l. linsang from southern Myanmar, southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra; P. l. gracilis from Java and Borneo; P. l. fredericae from Bangka Island; and P. l. interlinus from Belitung Island (Van Rompaey 1993)." 41706,Prionodon pardicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PRIONODONTIDAE,Prionodon,pardicolor,,,,,"Hodgson, 1841","The two Asian linsang Prionodon species, formerly classified as part of the civet family (Viverridae), are now known to comprise their own separate family, the Prionodontidae (see Gaubert and Veron 2003, Gaubert and Cordeiro-Estrela 2006, Barycka 2007)." 41707,Viverra megaspila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Viverra,megaspila,,,,,"Blyth, 1862","Malabar Civet Viverra civettina has sometimes been included in this species, but the two are usually recognised as separate species (Pocock 1939, Corbet and Hill 1992), albeit on thin grounds (Nandini and Mudappa 2010)." 41708,Viverra tangalunga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Viverra,tangalunga,,,,,"Gray, 1832",Veron et al. (2014) considered that the population on Belitung island (Indonesia) is so distinct genetically that it should be recognised as an evolutionarily significant unit and managed separately from all other populations of the species. 41709,Viverra zibetha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Viverra,zibetha,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Six subspecies have been proposed (Corbet and Hill 1992) but there is no recent taxonomic revision. The validity of the recently described V. tainguensis has been seriously questioned (Walston and Veron 2001) and it is now generally considered a synonym of V. zibetha. No critical re-examination of the holotype, as distinct from the original description has, however, yet been published." 41710,Viverricula indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Viverricula,indica,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)","Ten subspecies have been described for Viverricula indica (Corbet and Hill 1992) but there is no recent taxonomic revision. The name malaccensis Gmelin, 1788 was used widely during the twentieth century for this species, but this in fact refers to a composite of animals with no evidence of Viverricula being involved (Pocock 1939). However, malaccensis is still in use in some legal documents into the 21st century." 44165,Poiana leightoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Poiana,leightoni,,,,,"Pocock, 1908","This species has been considered a subspecies of Central African Oyan P. richardsonii, but is here considered a valid species following Rosevear (1974), Wozencraft (2005) and Van Rompaey and Colyn (2013)." 136223,Genetta bourloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,bourloni,,,,,"Gaubert, 2003", 136242,Meles anakuma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Meles,anakuma,,,,,"Temminck, 1844","Previously the genus Meles was considered to be monospecific. Recent morphological and genetic studies supported the separation of Meles into three species, two on the Asian mainland and M. anakuma endemic to Japan (Abramov 2002, 2003; Abramov and Puzachenko 2005, 2006). Fossils of Meles were excavated from a Late Middle Pleistocene in southern Japan (Kawamura et al. 1989, Kawamura 1991). It is considered that the genus arrived in Japan along a south-easterly route through the Korean Peninsula, based on its absence on Hokkaido Island and its occurrence on the other three main islands of Japan." 136385,Meles leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Meles,leucurus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1847)","Previously the genus Meles was considered to be monospecific. Recent morphological and genetic studies supported the separation of Meles into three species (Abramov 2002, 2003; Abramov and Puzachenko 2005, 2006). Certain craniological and molecular data suggest that badgers from South-west Asia (here treated as subspecies of M. meles) should be recognised as fourth full species, M. canescens (Del Cerro et al. 2010, Tashima et al. 2011, Abramov and Puzachenko 2013)." 136435,Genetta poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,poensis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1838","This species has been considered synonymous with Pardine Genet (Genetta pardina; e.g., Crawford-Cabral 1980, Schlawe 1981, Grubb et al. 1998) and has also been listed as a valid species (Rosevear 1974). It is here considered distinct following the evidence presented by Gaubert (2003) and Gaubert et al. (2004). See Wozencraft (2005) and Gaubert (2013) for further discussion." 136437,Genetta pardina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,pardina,,,,,"I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832","This species has been considered synonymous with other large-spotted genets (here treated as Genetta maculata and G. tigrina), but is here recognised as distinct following Crawford-Cabral (1980), Gaubert (2003), and Gaubert et al. (2004a,b)." 136456,Cryptoprocta spelea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,EUPLERIDAE,Cryptoprocta,spelea,,,,,"Grandidier, 1902","Grandidier (1902) described a large form of Cryptoprocta ferox from subfossil material dating from the presumed Holocene in Madagascar that he referred to the variety spelea. Subsequently, there has been varying opinion on the validity of this taxon. Goodman et al. (2004) examined and analysed 159 subfossil and 32 modern osteological specimens of Cryptoprocta and concluded that this was a valid species that existed on Madagascar in the recent geological past." 136636,Spilogale angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Spilogale,angustifrons,,,,,"Howell, 1902","Owen et al. (1996) examined the karyotypes of two each of S. putorius interrupta and S. putorius tropicalis, the results of which Wozencraft (2005) stated supported the recognition of S. angustifrons (containing tropicalis) as a species distinct from S. putorius (containing interrupta). This treatment was followed by Dragoo (2009)." 136686,Bdeogale omnivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Bdeogale,omnivora,,,,,"Heller, 1913","Treated as a subspecies of Bdeogale crassicauda by several authors (Sale and Taylor 1970; Wozencraft 1993, 2005), but here treated as distinct following Taylor (2013)." 136797,Spilogale gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MEPHITIDAE,Spilogale,gracilis,,,,,"Merriam, 1890","Based on patterns of mtDNA variation in Mustelidae (sensu lato), Dragoo and Honeycut (1997) recommended that the skunks Mephitis, Conepatus, Spilogale and the oriental stink badgers Mydaus be separated from Mustelidae as a distinct family, Mephitidae.

This species has been included in S. putorius by some authors (Wozencraft 1993). Mead (1968) argued that S. gracilis and possibly S. leucoparia, both of which were included in S. putorius by Van Gelder (1959) and Hall (1981), are reproductively isolated from eastern populations and therefore should be considered distinct species. Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003), and Wozencraft (2005) recognised S. gracilis and S. putorius as separate species." 2055,Arctocephalus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,australis,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1783)","In 2011 the genus of all Fur Seals other than Arctocephalus pusillus was changed from Arctocephalus to Arctophoca (Committee on Taxonomy 2011) based on evidence presented in Berta and Churchill (2012). However, in 2013, based on genetic evidence presented in Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), this change was considered to be premature and these species were returned to the genus Arctocephalus pending further research (Committee on Taxonomy 2014).

In the past, two subspecies were recognized: Arctocephalus australis australis (Zimmerman, 1783) for the Falkland subpopulation and A. a. gracilis (Nehring, 1887) for the mainland subpopulation. Animals from the Falklands have been reported to be larger than animals from coastal South America (Rice 1998). However, the validity of these subspecies was disputed (Reijnders et al. 1993). In their review of pinniped taxonomy, Berta and Churchill (2012) concluded that the Fur Seals in Peru and northern Chile probably represent an unnamed subspecies. After examining all the morphological, genetic and distributional evidence, Oliveira and Brownell (2014) concluded that A. a. gracilis should be treated as a junior synonym of A. a. australis, and they supported the recognition of a Peru/northern Chile subspecies. This assessment combines the IUCN Red List assessments for the South American and Peruvian Fur Seal subspecies to assess the status of the South American Fur Seal as a species." 2057,Arctocephalus galapagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,galapagoensis,,,,,"Heller, 1904","In 2011 the genus of all Fur Seals other than Arctocephalus pusillus was changed from Arctocephalus to Arctophoca, Peters 1866 (Committee on Taxonomy 2011) based on evidence presented in Berta and Churchill (2012). However, in 2013, based on genetic evidence presented in Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), this change was considered to be premature and these species were returned to the genus Arctocephalus pending further research (Committee on Taxonomy 2013).

This species was formerly referred to Arctocephalus australis galapagoensis (Repenning et al. 1971). New genetic information suggests that it is indeed very close to A. australis and may also be categorized as A. australis galapagoensis (Wolf et al. 2007). The population shows strong matrilineal structure where geographically close colonies display separate mitochondrial haplotypes, but it is well connected and mixed through gene flow presumably caused by male dispersal (Lopes et al. 2015)." 2060,Arctocephalus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,pusillus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)","

 Two subspecies are recognised: Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Cape Fur Seal) and Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (Australian Fur Seal). The two recognised subspecies of Arctocephalus pusillus are almost identical in both anatomy and behaviour (Warneke & Shaughnessy 1985). Repenning et al. (1971) accorded them subspecific status based on one cranial character and separate geographic ranges. Very low genetic divergence indicates that they split relatively recently, with the Australian subspecies being the more recently established (Lento et al. 1997; Wynen et al. 2001).

" 2061,Arctocephalus townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,townsendi,,,,,"Merriam, 1897","In 2011 the genus of all Fur Seals other than Arctocephalus pusillus was changed from Arctocephalus to Arctophoca, Peters 1866 (Committee on Taxonomy 2011) based on evidence presented in Berta and Churchill (2012). However, in 2013, based on genetic evidence presented in Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), this change was considered to be premature and these species were returned to the genus Arctocephalus pending further research (Committee on Taxonomy 2013).

The species was originally named Arctocephalus townsendi (Merriam 1897) after a specimen collected on the beach on the west side of the type locality ‘‘Guadalupe Island, Baja California, México”. This species is also referred to as Arctophoca townsendi (Sivertsen 1954), Arctocephalus philippii (King 1954) and Arctocephalus philippii townsendi (Brunner 2004). Skull morphology and genetics suggest that the closest relative of A. townsendi is A philippii, which explains why the Guadalupe Fur Seal has been considered a subspecies of the latter. However, using criteria of skull morphology, Repenning et al. (1971) retained them as separate species, but their conclusion was based on a small sample size. Wynen et al. (2001) in a comparative study of two regions of the mitochondrial genome of the family Otariidae also separated these two taxa as species. A recent genetic study by Higdon et al. (2007) suggests that Arctocephalus townsendi and A. philippii are valid separate species with an estimated time of separation of about 0.3 mya." 2062,Arctocephalus tropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,tropicalis,,,,,"(J.E. Gray, 1872)","

This species was referred to formerly as Arctocephalus elegans, A. gazella and A. tropicalis tropicalis. It is now named as A. tropicalis (Repenning et al. 1971; Rice 1998). In 2011 the Taxonomy Committee of the Society for Marine Mammalogy revised the genus of this, and many other species of fur seals to Arctophoca based on evidence presented in Berta and Churchill (2012). However, in 2013, and based on genetic evidence presented in Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), this change was considered to be premature and these species were returned to the genus Arctocephalus pending further research (Committee on Taxonomy 2013).

" 3590,Callorhinus ursinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Callorhinus,ursinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Northern Fur Seal, Callorhinus ursinus, (Linneaeus, 1758) is in the family Otariidae and  is the only extant species within the genus Callorhinus. Although earlier work had suggested that more than a single species or subspecies might exist, the current belief is that there is only the one species (Rice 1998) and genetic studies suggest that they are panmictic (Dickerson et al. 2010). Despite the genetic history that indicates mixing, there are currently two recognized stocks of Northern Fur Seals in North America. The Eastern Pacific stock includes those Fur Seals breeding on the three primary rookeries in Alaska, the Pribilof Islands and Bogoslof Island in the Aleutian chain. The San Miguel stock includes those seals breeding on the Channel Islands and the Farallon Islands of California." 6204,Cystophora cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Cystophora,cristata,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","Morphometric and allozyme analyses, as well as molecular genetics analyses, suggest that Hooded Seals are a single panmictic population (Wiig and Lie 1984, Sundt et al. 1994, Coltman et al. 2007). Three breeding stocks are commonly recognized: Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Front (east coast of Canada); Davis Strait; and the West Ice (north of the island of Jan Mayen) (Sergeant 1974, Lavigne and Kovacs 1988)." 8010,Erignathus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Erignathus,barbatus,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","Rice (1998) lists two intergrading subspecies of Bearded Seals, Erignathus barbatus nauticus in the Pacific Ocean and peripheral seas and E. b. barbatus in the Atlantic Ocean and peripheral seas. The ranges of the two putative subspecies are thought to be divided near the central Canadian Arctic in the west and the Laptev Sea in the east, with the Atlantic subspecies occurring from the central Canadian Arctic east to the central Eurasian Arctic and the Pacific subspecies occurring from the Laptev Sea east to the central Canadian Arctic, including animals in the Sea of Okhotsk (Rice 1998). However, Burns (1981) noted that the boundaries between the subspecies have never been firmly established and he considered subspecific distinction to be an open question. Geographical variation does exist in the calls of Bearded Seals across their range, suggesting some population substructure (Risch et al. 2007), and recent genetics studies support the recognition of two subspecies (Davis et al. 2008)." 8239,Eumetopias jubatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Eumetopias,jubatus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)","In previous IUCN evaluations, Steller Sea Lions have been treated as a single species. The species was listed as two separate stocks (officially called “distinct population segments”) under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1997 based on the phylogeographic method (Loughlin 1997). Although the strongest evidence for stock separation at the time was the distribution of mtDNA haplotypes across the range, a divergence in population trend was also apparent. Phillips et al. (2009) published a manuscript that argued for subspecies designation for the two stocks based on morphological and genetic studies. The Society for Marine Mammalogy Committee on Taxonomy subsequently recognized two subspecies of Eumetopias jubatus; E. j. jubatus commonly known as the Western Steller Sea Lion, and E. j. monteriensis, commonly known as Loughlin’s Steller Sea Lion (Committee on Taxonomy 2014). The Pinniped Specialists Group has assessed the two subspecies independently. This assessment combines the assessments for the subspecies and reports the status of the entire species." 9660,Halichoerus grypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Halichoerus,grypus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1791)","The taxonomy of the Grey Seal, Halichoerus grypus, has been confusing. Bonner (1981) concluded that there are three populations isolated both geographically and by timing of reproduction. Chapskii (1975) recognized the three populations as separate subspecies, H. g. grypus in the western North Atlantic, H. g. atlantica in the eastern North Atlantic, and H. g. baltica in the Baltic Sea.

Rice (1998) recognized two subspecies, H. g. grypus in the western and eastern North Atlantic and H. g. macrorynchus in the Baltic Sea. However, Boskovic et al. (1996) found large differences in mtDNA between the three breeding areas, with the Baltic and east Atlantic populations much closer to one another than they were to the west Atlantic population. The Society for Marine Mammalogy recognizes two subspecies, the Western Atlantic Grey Seal (H. g. grypus) and the Eastern Atlantic Grey Seal (H. g. macrorynchus) (Committee on Taxonomy 2014). The IUCN Pinniped Specialist Group prefers the common names Northwest Atlantic Grey Seal and Northeast Atlantic Grey Seal, and has assessed those subspecies separately. This assessment combines the subspecies assessments to evaluate the Red List status for H. grypus as a species." 10340,Hydrurga leptonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Hydrurga,leptonyx,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1820)", 11696,Leptonychotes weddellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Leptonychotes,weddellii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)",Rice (1998) notes that the specific name was frequently misspelled (weddelli) prior to Bonner (1988). 12246,Lobodon carcinophaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Lobodon,carcinophaga,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1842)","Rice (1998) states that the correct spelling of the specific name is carcinophaga, not the previously more widely used carcinophagus." 13581,Mirounga angustirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Mirounga,angustirostris,,,,,"(Gill, 1866)", 13583,Mirounga leonina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Mirounga,leonina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",None 13654,Neomonachus schauinslandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Neomonachus,schauinslandi,,,,,"(Matschie, 1905)","

The genus Monachus previously included three geographically widely separated species: the Mediterranean Monk Seal, Monachus monachus; the Caribbean Monk Seal, M. tropicalis; and the Hawaiian Monk Seal, M. schauinslandi (Rice 1998). Recent studies (Scheel et al. 2014) have shown that molecular, morphological, and temporal divergence between the Mediterranean and New World Monk Seals (Hawaiian and Caribbean) is equivalent to or greater than between sister genera of other phocids. As a result, Caribbean and Hawaiian Monk Seals have been reclassified together in a newly erected genus, Neomonachus. Considered the most primitive of all living phocid species, Monk Seals have anatomical features that resemble those of seal fossils from 14-16 million years ago (Barnes et al. 1985). Studies of N. schauinslandi DNA microsatellites revealed unprecedented low levels of diversity and heterozygosity. Evidence indicates low genetic diversity prior to recorded human influence, little contemporary inbreeding, and no significant population structure (Schultz et al. 2009, 2010).

" 13655,Neomonachus tropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Neomonachus,tropicalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1850)","The genus Monachus previously included three geographically widely separated species: the Mediterranean Monk Seal, Monachus monachus; the Caribbean Monk Seal, Monachus tropicalis; and the Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus schauinslandi (Rice 1998).  Recent studies  (Scheel et al. 2014) have shown that molecular, morphological, and temporal divergence between the Mediterranean and New World Monk Seals (Hawaiian and Caribbean) is equivalent to or greater than between sister genera of other phocids. As a result, Caribbean and Hawaiian Monk Seals have been reclassified together in a newly erected genus, Neomonachus. Considered the most primitive of all living phocid species, monk seals have anatomical features that resemble those of seal fossils from 14-16 million years ago (Barnes et al. 1985)." 14549,Neophoca cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Neophoca,cinerea,,,,,"(Péron, 1816)",

According to Rice (1998) the taxonomy of Phocarctos of New Zealand and Neophoca of Australia was confused until clarified by King (1960).

15106,Odobenus rosmarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,ODOBENIDAE,Odobenus,rosmarus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, was in the past divided into three subspecies: the Atlantic Walrus (O. r. rosmarus), the Pacific Walrus (O. r. divergens), and the Laptev Walrus (O. r. laptevi) (Rice 1998). However, the status of the Laptev Walrus has always been somewhat uncertain, animals from that region are described as being intermediate in size between the Pacific and Atlantic forms, with skull morphology most similar to the Pacific subspecies (Fay 1982). Recent analyses of mitochondrial DNA and morphometric data suggest that the taxon O. r. laptevi should be abandoned (Lindqvist et al. 2009). The walruses found in the Laptev Sea are in all probability the westernmost part of the Pacific Walrus population.

The IUCN Pinniped Specialist Group has assessed the status of the Atlantic and Pacific Walrus subspecies separately. This assessment combines those two analyses to assess the global status of the Walrus as a species." 15269,Ommatophoca rossii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Ommatophoca,rossii,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)", 17013,Phoca vitulina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Phoca,vitulina,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","There are five commonly recognized subspecies of Harbor Seals: Phoca vitulina richardii, the Eastern Pacific Harbor Seal; P. v. stejnegeri, the Kuril Seal or Western Pacific Harbor Seal; P. v. vitulina, the Eastern Atlantic Harbor Seal; P. v. concolor the Western Atlantic Harbor Seal; and P. v. mellonae, the Ungava Seal or Seal Lake Seal (Rice 1998). Berta and Churchill (2011) recognized only one subspecies in the North Pacific (P. v. richardii) and one in the North Atlantic (P. v. vitulina). The IUCN Pinniped Specialist Group believes that pending additional genetics studies, conservation and management of these taxa are best served by following Rice (1998) and maintaining the five subspecies." 17023,Phoca largha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Phoca,largha,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","Morphological, reproductive and behavioural differences separate Spotted Seals from their close relatives, the North Pacific Harbour Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii and P. v. stejnegeri) both of whose ranges overlap with the Spotted Seal (Rice 1998). Recent studies of mtDNA confirmed the distinctiveness of the Harbour and Spotted Seals at the species level. The two species have hybridized in captivity, although information on hybrids occurring in the wild is limited to one possible case (O’Corry-Crowe and Westlake 1997). While Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) identified several separate breeding concentrations, the initial, small, genetic samples did not show geographic substructure within the species (O’Corry-Crowe and Westlake 1997). More recent analyses of larger samples indicate possible population structure between the Yellow Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea (Li et al. 2010, O’Corry-Crowe and Bonin 2009, Boveng et al. 2009)." 41664,Arctocephalus forsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,forsteri,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)","In 2011 the genus of all Fur Seals other than Arctocephalus pusillus was changed from Arctocephalus to Arctophoca, Peters 1866 (Committee on Taxonomy 2011) based on evidence presented in Berta and Churchill (2012). However, in 2013, based on genetic evidence presented in Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), this change was considered to be premature and these species were returned to the genus Arctocephalus pending further research (Committee on Taxonomy 2013).

This species was formerly referred to Arctocephalus doriferus in Australia (King 1969). Small genetic differences, but no morphological differences, between the Australian and New Zealand populations have been reported (Lento et al. 1994, Rice 1998).

The traditional common name for this species, New Zealand Fur Seal, is problematic because most of the current population lives in Australia, not New Zealand. A new, more appropriately descriptive common name, Long-nosed Fur Seal, has been proposed for the Australian population (Shaughnessy and Goldsworthy 2014)." 41666,Zalophus californianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Zalophus,californianus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)","California Sea Lions were once considered a subspecies of Zalophus californianus (Z. c. californianus) by many authors, but Rice (1998) argued that Z. californianus, Z. japonicus, and Z. wollebaeki are distinct species. Other studies have confirmed the separate species status of Z. japonicus and Z. californianus (Brunner 2004, Sakahira and Niimi 2007) and the separation of Z. californianus and Z. wollebaeki (Wolf et al. 2007)." 41668,Zalophus wollebaeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Zalophus,wollebaeki,,,,,"Sivertsen, 1953","

The species has been considered a subspecies of Z. californianus (Z. c. wollebaeki) by many authors. Rice (1998) argued for the retention of Z. californianus, Z. japonicus, and Z. wollebaeki as distinct species. Recent genetic data support the classification as a separate species that separated from the California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) about 2.3 ± 0.5 million years ago (Wolf et al. 2007).

" 41669,Pusa caspica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Pusa,caspica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","The Caspian Seal belongs to the Phocina group of northern seals, which includes the Ringed Seals (Pusa), the Harbour and Spotted Seals (Phoca), and the Grey Seal (Halichoerus). The radiation of the Phocina group is now believed to have started in the northern seas of the late Pliocene, 2-3 million years ago, and was accompanied by invasion of the continental basins, though the paleogeography in this period is not clear (Palo and Väinöla 2006, Fulton and Strobeck 2010).

The taxonomic relationships between the seals of the continental lakes and open ocean has long been contentious, and the placement of the Caspian Seal has varied between the genera Pusa and Phoca. Cladistic and phylogenetic studies from the 1970s to present based on morphology, and more recently mitochondrial and nuclear gene DNA sequence datasets, considered Phoca, Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus to be a monophyletic group (Wozencraft 2005). These analyses support two clades, Pagophilus and Histriophoca and the Phocina group, Phoca, Pusa, and Halichoerus (Rice 1998, Bininda-Emonds et al. 2007, Arnason et al. 2006, Fulton and Strobeck 2010, Nakatuya and Bininda-Emonds 2012) but the placement of Halichoreus within the group has been problematic.

Using a multigene mitochondrial dataset, Palo and Väinöla (2006) considered Pusa not to be a monophyletic group, with the Phocina forming a polytomy, but suggested that the Caspian Seal was most closely related to Halichoerus. Similarly, Arnason et al. (2006), using whole mitochondrial genome sequences also concluded the Caspian Seal to be most closely related to the Grey Seal, with the Baikal Seal forming a sister taxon, with Phoca and Ringed Seals outside this group. Fulton and Strobeck (2010) using nearly 9,000 base pairs of nuclear gene sequences and complete mtDNA genomes, placed Halichoreus basal to the group, with Pusa and Phoca as sister clades, and Pusa caspica basal to the Pusa genus. The most recent assessment (Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds 2012), a super tree analysis of all carnivora combining 114 trees from the literature and 45,000 base pairs of DNA sequence, supports the grouping of Halichoreus within Pusa, with Phoca as a sister clade. Pusa caspica and Halichoreus grypus are indicated as sister species, diverging about 1.6 million years ago. Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012) advocate subsuming Halichoreus and Pusa within the Phoca genus." 41670,Histriophoca fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Histriophoca,fasciata,,,,,"(Zimmerman, 1783)","The Ribbon Seal was originally placed in the genus Phoca by Zimmerman (1783), but later it was listed as Histriophoca by Gill (1873) and Scheffer (1958). The taxonomy of northern phocids was reviewed by Burns and Fay (1970) and they returned Ribbon Seals to Phoca based on cranial morphology. More recently, molecular genetics studies (Árnason et al. 1995, Higdon et al. 2007) have shown that Ribbon Seals belong in the separate genus, Histriophoca, and thus Histriophoca fasciata is the currently accepted scientific name (Rice 1998, Committee on Taxonomy 2014)." 41671,Pagophilus groenlandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Pagophilus,groenlandicus,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","The scientific name for the Harp Seal has shifted frequently in the past with generic names of Pagophoca, Pagophilis and Phoca, and specific names of groenlandicus and groenlandica. Berta and Churchill (2011) used the name Pagophilis groenlandicus and that is the name recognized by the Society of Marine Mammalogy (Committee on Taxonomy; SMM 2021).

Rice (1998) recognized two subspecies, P. g. groenlandicus and P. g. oceanicus, the former breeding in the western North Atlantic off North America and also around Jan Mayen in the Greenland Sea, and the latter breeding in the White Sea. There certainly are three distinct subpopulations (Lavigne 2002) centred on the breeding localities, with some associated morphological, genetic and behavioural differences. Heptner et al. (1996) provided evidence for two distinct groups, but included the Jan Mayen breeding group with the White Sea group. Analysis of DNA sequence variation, and also comparisons of fingerprint band-sharing coefficients, revealed that the breeding groups in the Northwest Atlantic (Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Front off Labrador and Newfoundland) were one group and that the animals that breed in the White Sea and those in the Greenland Sea (north of Jan Mayen) were another group (Meisfjord and Sundt 1996, Perry et al. 2000).

Given the uncertainties in the level of genetic differentiation between the breeding populations (i.e., whether subspecies should be recognized) and their actual affinities, they will not be differentiated in this assessment." 41672,Pusa hispida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Pusa,hispida,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)","The Ringed Seal has been moved back and forth between the genus name Pusa and Phoca in recent decades, largely a result of difficulty in reconciling the molecular and morphological relationships of the Grey Seal, Halichoerus grypus, to those two genera (Rice 1998). The very limited genetic differences between these taxa (Fulton and Strobeck 2010) argue for inclusion of all of them in a single genus, Phoca, (Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds 2012) but widespread reluctance to rename the Grey Seal has led to common, though not universal, use of Pusa as a full genus despite the typical placement of Halichoerus in its midst on recent molecular phylogenetic trees (e.g., Committee on Taxonomy 2014). In contrast to the nomenclature for the genus, use of the species name hispida for the Ringed Seals inhabiting the Arctic Ocean and adjoining seas has been broadly accepted (Rice 1998).

There are currently five recognized subspecies of Ringed Seal (Rice 1998, Committee on Taxonomy 2014), the Arctic Ringed Seal (P. h. hispida), the Okhotsk Ringed Seal (P. h. ochotensis), the Baltic Ringed Seal (P. h. botnica), the Ladoga Seal (P. h. ladogensis), and the Saimaa Seal (P. h. saimensis). Each of the subspecies has been individually assessed by the IUCN Pinniped Specialist Group. This assessments combines those results to determine the status of Ringed Seals at the species level." 41676,Pusa sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Pusa,sibirica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","The Baikal Seal belongs to the Phocina group of northern seals, which includes the Ringed Seals (Pusa), the Harbour and Spotted Seals (Phoca), and the Grey Seal (Halichoerus). The radiation of the Phocina group is believed to have started in the northern seas of the late Pliocene, 2-3 million years ago, and was accompanied by invasion of the continental basins, though the paleogeography in this period is still not clear (Palo and Väinöla 2006, Fulton and Strobeck 2010).

The taxonomic relationships between the seals of the continental lakes and open ocean has long been debated, and the placement of the Baikal and Caspian Seals has varied between the genera Pusa and Phoca. Cladistic and phylogenetic studies from the 1970s to present, based on morphology, and more recently mitochondrial and nuclear gene DNA sequences datasets, considered Phoca, Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus to be a monophyletic group (Wozencraft 2005). These analyses support two clades, Pagophilus and Histriophoca and the Phocina group, Phoca, Pusa, and Halichoerus (Rice 1998, Bininda-Emonds et al. 2007, Arnason et al. 2006, Fulton and Strobeck 2010, Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds 2012).

Using a multigene mitochondrial dataset, Palo and Väinöla (2006) considered Pusa not to be a monophyletic group, with the Phocina forming a polytomy. Arnason et al. (2006), using whole mitochondrial genome sequences concluded the Caspian Seal to be most closely related to the Grey Seal, with the Baikal Seal forming a sister taxon, with Phoca and Ringed Seals outside this group. Fulton and Strobeck (2010) using nearly 9,000 base pairs of nuclear gene sequences and complete mtDNA genomes, placed Halichoreus basal to the group, with Pusa and Phoca as sister clades. Pusa caspica was suggested as basal to the Pusa genus, with Baikal and Ringed Seals as sister taxa. The most recent assessment (Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds 2012), a super tree analysis of all carnivora combining 114 trees from the literature and 45,000 base pairs of DNA sequence, supports the grouping of Halichoreus within Pusa, with Phoca as a sister clade. The Baikal Seal is indicated as basal to the grouping of Pusa caspica and Halichoreus grypus, with a divergence time of around 1.6-2 million years ago. Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012) advocate subsuming Halichoreus and Pusa within the Phoca genus." 45325309,Amietia poyntoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,poyntoni,,,,,"Channing & Baptista, 2013","This is a newly described species (Channing and Baptista 2013) from southern Africa as a result of a systematic review including analysis of mitochondrial DNA, morphology and advertisement calls. This form was previously known as Amietia fuscigula and occurs in sympatry with A. delalandii and A. fuscigula." 194693,Pseudobithynia pentheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Pseudobithynia,pentheri,,,,,"(Sturany, 1904)", 45369602,Macroscelides proboscideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Macroscelides,proboscideus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1800)","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides contains three species. while Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon (Rathbun 2009). The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew (with a hyphen) by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha (Rathbun and Kingdon 2006). 

In their revision of the genus Macroscelides, Dumbacher et al. (2012) elevated the two generally accepted subspecies in the genus (Corbet and Hanks 1968) to full species: M. proboscideus and M. flavicaudatus. A brand new species, which results in three for the genus, has been described from northwestern Namibia (Dumbacker et al. 2014). Data found in Perrin and Rathbun (2013) is out-of-date because of the recent changes in taxonomy of this genus.

See www.sengis.org and also www.afrotheria.net for additional information and literature citations." 45369877,Macroscelides flavicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Macroscelides,flavicaudatus,,,,,"Lundholm, 1955","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides contains three species, while Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon (Rathbun 2009).  The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew (with a hyphen) by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha (Rathbun and Kingdon 2006). 

In their revision of the genus Macroscelides, Dumbacher et al. (2012) elevated the two generally accepted subspecies in the genus (Corbet and Hanks 1968) to full species: M. proboscideus and M. flavicaudatus. A brand new species, which will result in three for the genus, is about to be described from northwestern Namibia (Dumbacher et al. 2014). Data found in Perrin and Rathbun (2013) is out-of-date because of the recent change in taxonomy of the genus.


See www.sengis.org and also www.afrotheria.net for additional information and literature citations.

" 45434566,Macroscelides micus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Macroscelides,micus,,,,,"Dumbacher, Rathbun, Osborne, Griffin & Eiseb, 2014","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha.


See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

" 45462302,Eupholidoptera cephalonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,cephalonica,,,,,"Willemse & Willemse, 2004", 45462354,Eupholidoptera epirotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,epirotica,,,,,"(Ramme, 1927)", 45462435,Eupholidoptera hesperica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,hesperica,,,,,"La Greca, 1959", 45462525,Eupholidoptera leucasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,leucasi,,,,,"Willemse, 1980", 45462624,Eupholidoptera megastyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,megastyla,,,,,"(Ramme, 1939)", 45463146,Eupholidoptera uvarovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,uvarovi,,,,,"(Karabag, 1952)", 45463212,Eupholidoptera forcipata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,forcipata,,,,,"Willemse & Kruseman, 1976", 45463223,Eupholidoptera icariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,icariensis,,,,,"Willemse, 1980", 45463233,Eupholidoptera jacquelinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,jacquelinae,,,,,"Tilmans, 2002", 45463250,Eupholidoptera kykladica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,kykladica,,,,,"Çiplak, Heller & Willemse, 2009", 45463281,Eupholidoptera spinigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,spinigera,,,,,"(Ramme, 1930)", 45463331,Eupholidoptera annamariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,annamariae,,,,,"Nadig, 1985", 45463340,Eupholidoptera astyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,astyla,,,,,"(Ramme, 1927)", 45463463,Eupholidoptera feri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,feri,,,,,"Koçak & Kemal, 2010", 45463473,Eupholidoptera giuliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,giuliae,,,,,"Massa, 1999", 45463493,Eupholidoptera latens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,latens,,,,,"Willemse & Kruseman, 1976", 45463502,Eupholidoptera mariannae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,mariannae,,,,,"Willemse & Heller, 2001", 45463511,Poecilimon amissus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,amissus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 45463600,Poecilimon bifenestratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,bifenestratus,,,,,"Miram, 1929", 45463618,Poecilimon tricuspis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,tricuspis,,,,,"Miram, 1926", 45466678,Poecilimon pindos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,pindos,,,,,"Willemse, 1982", 45466730,Poecilimon sanctipauli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,sanctipauli,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 45466759,Poecilimon ege,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,ege,,,,,"Ünal, 2005", 45473206,Microcaecilia grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,grandis,,,,,"Wilkinson, Nussbaum & Hoogmoed, 2010", 45477126,Alsodes monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,monticola,,,,,"Bell, 1843","This species excludes the southern forms known as Alsodes coppingeri, previously synonymized under Alsodes monticola by Lynch (1968) but subsequently removed from synonymy by Formas et al. (2008)." 45477112,Alsodes coppingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,coppingeri,,,,,"(Günther, 1881)","Removed from the synonymy of Alsodes monticola by Formas et al. (2008) where it had been placed by Lynch (1968). 

It has been suggested that Alsodes australis could be a synonym of a this species (Blotto et al. 2013), however, further taxonomic work is required to verify this." 45477278,Alsodes gargola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,gargola,,,,,"Gallardo, 1970",Blotto et al. (2013) redelimited the species and removed Alsodes neuquensis from synonymy as a distinct species. 45477280,Alsodes neuquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,neuquensis,,,,,"Cei, 1976",Blotto et al. (2013) removed Alsodes neuquensis from synonymy as a distinct species from A. gargola. 45499496,Engystomops puyango,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,puyango,,,,,"Ron, Toral, Rivera & Terán-Valdez, 2010", 45499897,Pleurodema cordobae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,cordobae,,,,,"Valetti, Salas & Martino, 2009",Confused with Pleurodema kriegi prior to its naming (Valetti et al. 2009). 45466776,Poecilimon hamatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,hamatus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 45466791,Poecilimon unispinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,unispinosus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 45536685,Telmatobius mendelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,mendelsoni,,,,,"De la Riva, Trueb & Duellman, 2012", 45727618,Bokermannohyla sagarana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bokermannohyla,sagarana,,,,,"Leite, Pezzuti & Drummond, 2011", 45727665,Cycloramphus organensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CYCLORAMPHIDAE,Cycloramphus,organensis,,,,,"Weber, Verdade, Salles, Fouquet & Carvalho-e-Silva, 2011", 45727674,Hyalinobatrachium kawense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,kawense,,,,,"Castroviejo-Fisher, Vilà, Ayarzagüena, Blanc & Ernst, 2011", 45727683,Hyalinobatrachium tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,tricolor,,,,,"Castroviejo-Fisher, Vilà, Ayarzagüena, Blanc & Ernst, 2011", 18214863,Limanda limanda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Limanda,limanda,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18227064,Phrynorhombus norvegicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Phrynorhombus,norvegicus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 60755628,Adolfus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Adolfus,alleni,,,,,"(Barbour, 1914)","Wagner et al. (2014) investigated the taxonomy of Adolfus alleni, then understood to consist of four isolated, high montane subpopulations in western Kenya. Using a combination of morphological, genetic and meristic data, these authors found support for the presence of two species within A. alleni. Wagner et al. (2014) described the more widespread taxon as A. masavaensis, confining A. alleni to Mt. Kenya." 18237796,Cottunculus konstantinovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PSYCHROLUTIDAE,Cottunculus,konstantinovi,,,,,"Myagkov, 1991",Cottunculus konstantinovi is not clearly distinguished from C. microps (Parin et al. 2002). 157538,Pseudosphegesthes bergeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pseudosphegesthes,bergeri,,,,,"Slama, 1982", 157568,Purpuricenus desfontainii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Purpuricenus,desfontainii,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1792)","

Two subspecies occur in the Mediterranean: P. desfontainii ssp., in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Crete (Greece) and P. d. inhumeralis in Greece, Turkey, Jordan, Israel and Syria. 

" 157493,Purpuricenus graecus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Purpuricenus,graecus,,,,,"Slama, 1993","Described in 1993 as one of four species identified within a species complex (with P. budensis, P. caucasicus and other). Delimitation and distributional ranges are not yet clear." 4185,Ceratotherium simum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,RHINOCEROTIDAE,Ceratotherium,simum,,,,,"(Burchell, 1817)","

While some researchers have proposed species status for both Northern (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) and Southern White Rhinoceros (hereafter White Rhino; Ceratotherium simum simum) (Groves et al. 2010), subspecies status was supported following comparison of whole mitochondrial genome sequences of  four Northern and three Southern White Rhino (Harley et al. 2016) and comparisons of nuclear and mitochondrial markers for a much larger sample size of extant and historical specimens dating back to the nineteenth century (Moodley et al. 2018).  Harley et al. (2016) estimated the time of divergence of NWR and SWR was in the range of 0.5 to 1 m years with the time of lineage splitting likely to be much more recent (possibly ~200,000 years). Eric Harley also found identical 10 base pair repeats, noting that as these tend to be unstable this is more in line with NWR being a subspecies rather than a separate species. He was critical of ""species inflation"" that can sometimes be derived using a phylogenetic approach to defining species (e.g. Mountain Zebra). A comparison of downloaded Mitochondrial DNA sequences from ten different humans revealed that modern humans differed from each other by a maximum of 0,7%. This level of difference was very similar to the 0.9% average difference he recorded between NWR and SWR and in line with treating NWR as a subspecies.  Moodley et al.'s (2018) analysis estimated time since divergence between the two WR lineages at approximately 0.97 m years with wide confidence levels of +/- 0.5m years. Both nuclear and mitochondrial markers structured the species into two distinct populations/clades (corresponding to NWR and SWR). However, Moodley et al. (2018)  also detected post divergence secondary contact between NWR and SWR and that this possibly occurred as recently as the last glacial maximum (14,000 to 26,000 years ago). Gene flow between the two populations will have been facilitated by grassland expansions at that time. In addition it might also prove desirable to try inter-crossing the subspecies as part of assisted reproductive efforts to recover and conserve some NWR genes. The IUCN SSC African Rhino Specialist Group continues to treat the two taxa as subspecies rather than separate species.

" 7140,Elephas maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PROBOSCIDEA,ELEPHANTIDAE,Elephas,maximus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","While subspecies taxonomy of Elephas maximus has varied among authors, the most recent treatment (Shoshani and Eisenberg 1982) recognizes three subspecies: E. m. indicus on the Asian mainland, E. m. maximus on Sri Lanka, and E. m. sumatranus on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Borneo's elephants have traditionally been included in E. m. indicus (Shoshani and Eisenberg 1982) or E. m. sumatranus (Medway 1977; but see Fernando et al. 2003 and Cranbrook et al. 2008 for discussion of whether the elephants of Borneo are indigenous to the island). These subspecies designations were based primarily on body size and minor differences in coloration, plus the fact that E. m. sumatranus has relatively larger ears and an extra pair of ribs (Shoshani and Eisenberg 1982). The Sri Lankan subspecies designation was weakly supported by analysis of allozyme loci (Nozawa and Shotake 1990), but not by analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (Hartl et al. 1996, Fernando et al. 2000, Fleischer et al. 2001, Vidya et al. 2009). However, current patterns of mtDNA variation suggest that the Sumatran subspecies is monophyletic (Fleischer et al. 2001), and consequently this taxon could be defined as an evolutionarily significant unit (ESU). This suggests that Sumatran elephants should be managed separately from other Asian Elephants in captivity, and is also an argument for according particularly high priority to the conservation of Sumatran elephants in the wild. Borneo's elephants have traditionally been included within Elephas maximus indicus (Shoshani and Eisenberg 1982) or Elephas maximus sumatranus (Medway 1977). However, elephants in Borneo are morphologically, and behaviourally distinct from the elephants of mainland Asia (Cranbrook et al. 2008). Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (mtDNA) analysis (Fernando et al. 2003, Sharma et al. 2018) also confirms this and indicates that Borneo's elephants are genetically distinct from any South and Southeast Asian population and may have been isolated for over 300,000 years. However, Sharma et al. 2018 suggests that the best-fitting scenario involves an end-of-Pleistocene bottleneck, probably between 11,000–18,000 years ago, roughly coinciding with the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These studies may necessitate the formation of a separate subspecies Elephas maximus borneensis.  Two other proposed subspecies E. m. asurus and E. m. rubridens are extinct. A definitive subspecific classification awaits a detailed range-wide morphometric and genetic study." 157839,Purpuricenus nicocles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Purpuricenus,nicocles,,,,,"Schaufuss, 1871", 157825,Stenopterus atricornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stenopterus,atricornis,,,,,"Pic, 1891", 157798,Stenopterus creticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stenopterus,creticus,,,,,"Sama, 1995", 157771,Trichoferus bergeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Trichoferus,bergeri,,,,,"Holzschuh, 1982", 198749,Scorpaenodes arenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,arenai,,,,,"Torchio, 1962", 198737,Monochirus hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Monochirus,hispidus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1814","Previously two subspecies were recognised; Monochirus hispidus with a distribution in the Mediterranean and M. atlanticus with a distribution from Portugal to the Gulf of Guinea. Hoenywell et al. (in review) elevated a subspecies to species status. They considered M. hispidus to be a Mediterranean endemic and M. atlanticus to have a distribution from Portugal to Guinea not including the Mediterranean (Hoenywell et al. in review)." 42874318,Sphyraena intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,intermedia,,,,,"Pastore, 2009",Sphyraena intermedia was only recently described on the basis of 19 specimens collected from the Mediterranean Sea (Pastore 2009). 18256504,Borostomias abyssorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Borostomias,abyssorum,,,,,"(Köhler, 1896)", 43340047,Limnonectes taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,taylori,,,,,"Matsui, Panha, Khonsue & Kuraishi, 2010",This species has been removed from the Limnonectes kuhlii complex by Matsui et al. (2010). 56951,Eleutherodactylus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,saxatilis,,,,,"(Webb, 1962)", 45953906,Apodemus avicennicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,avicennicus,,,,,"Darvish, Javidkar & Siahsarvie, 2006", 45953968,Apomys aurorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,aurorae,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Alviola, Duya, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011", 45953973,Apomys banahao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,banahao,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Alviola, Duya, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011", 45953976,Apomys brownorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,brownorum,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Alviola, Duya, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011", 45953991,Apomys minganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,minganensis,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Alviola, Duya, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011", 45954010,Apomys sierrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,sierrae,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Alviola, Duya, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011", 45954013,Apomys zambalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,zambalensis,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Alviola, Duya, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011", 45954066,Archboldomys maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Archboldomys,maximus,,,,,"Balete, Rickart, Heaney, Alviola, M.V. Duya, M.R.M.Duya, Sosa & Jansa, 2012 ", 45954204,Crocidura phanluongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,phanluongi,,,,,"Jenkins, Abramov, Rozhnov & Olsson, 2010", 45954289,Crocidura phuquocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,phuquocensis,,,,,"Abramov, Jenkins, Rozhnov & Kalinin, 2008", 45954331,Crocidura sokolovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,sokolovi,,,,,"Jenkins, Abramov, Rozhnov & Makarova, 2007", 45954341,Crocidura zaitsevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,zaitsevi,,,,,"Jenkins, Abramov, Rozhnov & Makarova, 2007", 45954361,Cryptotis aroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,aroensis,,,,,"Quiroga-Carmona & Molinari, 2012", 45954374,Myosorex bururiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,bururiensis,,,,,"Peterhans, Hutterer, Mwanga, Ndara, Davenport, Karhagomba & Udelhoven, 2010", 45954382,Myosorex gnoskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,gnoskei,,,,,"Peterhans, Hutterer, Kaliba & Mazibuko, 2008", 45954392,Suncus hututsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,hututsi,,,,,"Peterhans & Hutterer, 2009", 45954401,Surdisorex schlitteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Surdisorex,schlitteri,,,,,"Peterhans, Stanley, Hutterer, Demos & Agwanda, 2009", 45954406,Sylvisorex akaibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,akaibei,,,,,"Mukinzi, Hutterer & Barriere, 2009", 45954439,Sylvisorex silvanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,silvanorum,,,,,"Hutterer, Riegert & Sedláček, 2009", 45955241,Euroscaptor subanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Euroscaptor,subanura,,,,,"Kawada, Nguyen & Son, 2012", 45955965,Grammomys selousi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,selousi,,,,,"Denys, Lalis, Lecompte, Cornette, Moulin, Makundi, Machung'u, Volobouev & Aniskine, 2011", 45955968,Hylomyscus pamfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,pamfi,,,,,"Nicolas, Olayemi, Wendelen & Colyn, 2010", 45955979,Leopoldamys diwangkarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leopoldamys,diwangkarai,,,,,"Maryanto & Sinaga, 2008", 45958541,Notomys robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,robustus,,,,,"Mahoney, Smith & Medlin, 2008", 45958680,Pseudohydromys berniceae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,berniceae,,,,,"Helgen & Helgen, 2009", 45958683,Pseudohydromys patriciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,patriciae,,,,,"Helgen & Helgen, 2009", 45958686,Pseudohydromys sandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,sandrae,,,,,"Helgen & Helgen, 2009", 45958849,Rattus nikenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,nikenii,,,,,"Maryanto, Sinaga, Achmadi & Maharadatunkamsi, 2010", 45958852,Ctenomys ibicuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,ibicuiensis,,,,,"de Freitas, Fernandes, Fornel & Roratto, 2012", 45958882,Jaculus thaleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Jaculus,thaleri,,,,,"Darvish & Hosseinie, 2005", 45958985,Dendromus lachaisei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,lachaisei,,,,,"Denys & Aniskine, 2012", 45959000,Dendromus ruppi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,ruppi,,,,,"Dieterlen, 2009", 45959013,Petaurista mechukaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,mechukaensis,,,,,"Choudhury, 2007", 45959040,Petaurista mishmiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,mishmiensis,,,,,"Choudhury, 2009", 45959213,Neodon linzhiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neodon,linzhiensis,,,,," Liu, Sun, Liu, Wang, Guo & Murphy, 2012", 45959327,Oxymycterus wayku,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,wayku,,,,,"Jayat, D’Elía, Pardiñas, Miotti & Ortiz, 2008",This is a new species (Jayat et al. 2008). 45959348,Phyllotis alisosiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,alisosiensis,,,,,"Ferro, Martínez & Barquez, 2010","This species is monotypic (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 45959367,Reithrodontomys musseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,musseri,,,,,"Gardner & Carleton, 2009", 46086107,Melanophryniscus peritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,peritus,,,,,"Caramaschi & Cruz, 2011", 178426,Congolacerta vauereselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Congolacerta,vauereselli,,,,,"(Tornier, 1902)","On the basis of molecular evidence, Greenbaum et al. (2011) erected the new genus Congolacerta for Adolfus vauereselli and the newly-described Congolacerta asukului, and assigned Lacerta vauereselli as the type species." 196980,Meroles squamulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,squamulosus,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","Recent phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data showed that this species, long known by the name Ichnotropis squamulosa, is actually in the genus Meroles (Edwards et al. 2012, 2013; Engleder et al. 2013)." 196987,Nucras boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,boulengeri,,,,,"Neumann, 1900", 196993,Nucras ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,ornata,,,,,"(Gray, 1864)","The taxonomy of the genus is unstable. However, a molecular phylogeny of the genus Nucras confirmed the species status of N. ornata, which is the sister species of N. intertexta, but is also closely related to N. holubi (Edwards et al. 2013). Records in northern Mozambique should be assigned N. boulengeri." 178391,Leptosiaphos meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,meleagris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 46431543,Melanoseps ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Melanoseps,ater,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)","The traditional concept of this species included four subspecies other than the nominate form. Melanoseps ater longicauda and M. a. udzungwensis have been elevated to specific status (Broadley and Howell 1991, Broadley 2000), and this change has subsequently been accepted (Spawls et al. 2002, Broadley et al. 2006). Broadley et al. (2006) fully revised this and related East African species, and found the remaining two subspecies M. a. matengoensis and M. a. misukuensis (the former already regarded to be ""doubtfully distinct"" by Spawls et al. 2002) to be junior synonyms of M. ater." 178467,Mochlus mafianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,mafianus,,,,,"(Broadley, 1994)","Greer (1977) synonymized Riopia (at that point containing the African genus Mochlus as a synonym following Broadley 1966) within the large, predominantly Asian genus Lygosoma. This scheme was followed until Wagner et al. (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. No other Mochlus taxa were included in this study, and the content of this revalidated genus was not discussed, however, these authors noted that all African taxa are distinct from Asian forms and confined Lygosoma and Riopa to Asia (Wagner et al. 2009, P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). By implication, all African taxa other than Lepidothyris fernandii, L. hinkeli and L. striatus are presently considered to belong to Mochlus (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012)." 178374,Scolecoseps acontias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scolecoseps,acontias,,,,,"(Werner, 1913)","This species was described on the basis of a single specimen, which was subsequently destroyed in World War II (Spawls et al. 2002). The description itself is considered inadequate (Broadley 1995), lacking many characters used in modern diagnoses (Spawls et al. 2002). As such, the status of this species is uncertain (Broadley 1995) and the assignment of a second specimen to S. acontias (Loveridge 1955) must be considered tentative. Broadley (1995) mentions that, if the characters of S. acontias were accurately described, no subsequent material (presumably including the Kilwa specimen) can be attributed to this taxon. This specimen is provisionally included in the species concept applied here, following Spawls et al. (2002)." 178606,Trachylepis bayonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,bayonii,,,,,"(Bocage, 1872)","Currently Trachylepis bayonii is composed of the nominate form, and T. b. huilensis and T. b. keniensis but ongoing formal taxonomic revisions will elevate T. b.huilensis to species level. Although it has yet to be critically addressed, T. b. keniensis will likely also be elevated to species level in the near future." 178196,Trachylepis margaritifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,margaritifer,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","This species, formerly considered a subspecies of Trachylepis quinquetaeniata, was formally revalidated by Broadley and Bauer (1998), although the same species concept was used slightly earlier under the name Mabuya margaritifer by Branch (1998). Broadley (2000) assigned Euprepis gularis, previously treated as a junior synonym of Mabuya quinquetaeniata margaritifer, to Mabuya (now Trachylepis) quinquetaeniata sensu stricto.

The specific ending was incorrectly amended (as T. margaritifera) but subsequently corrected by Broadley (2001). Trachylepis margaritifer differs consistently from T. quinquetaeniata with regard to colouration of juveniles and females, and it has higher midbody scale counts; the two taxa have also been found in sympatry in southeastern Kenya (Broadley and Bauer 1998)." 3755,Canis mesomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,mesomelas,,,,,"Schreber, 1775","Meester et al. (1986) assigned all southern African material to the nominate subspecies, Canis mesomelas mesomelas." 15642,Otocyon megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Otocyon,megalotis,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)","This is a monotypic genus with two recognised subspecies, Otocyon megalotis megalotis in southern Africa and O. m. virgatus from East Africa (Nel & Maas 2013)." 23060,Vulpes chama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,chama,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1833)", 190638,Xyelodontophis uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Xyelodontophis,uluguruensis,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2002", 41588,Vulpes zerda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,zerda,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","This species has been included in the genus Fennecus (e.g., Coetzee 1977), but is here retained in Vulpes following Wozencraft (2005)." 16084483,Chorthippus brunneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,brunneus,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1815)", 16084547,Chorthippus messinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,messinai,,,,,"(La Greca, di Mauro, Viglianisi & Monelli, 2000)", 16084582,Chorthippus rubratibialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,rubratibialis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1978", 16084508,Chorthippus trinacriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,trinacriae,,,,,"(La Greca, di Mauro, Viglianisi & Monelli, 2000)", 16084397,Euchorthippus sardous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euchorthippus,sardous,,,,,"Nadig in Nadig & Nadig, 1934", 16084526,Italohippus monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italohippus,monticola,,,,,"(Ebner, 1915)","This species might be a complex of several hitherto undescribed species (P. Fontana, pers. comm. 2015)." 16084553,Ochrilidia sicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Ochrilidia,sicula,,,,,"(Salfi, 1931)", 16084505,Omocestus lopadusae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,lopadusae,,,,,"La Greca, 1973", 16084429,Omocestus uvarovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,uvarovi,,,,,"Zanon, 1926", 16084555,Podisma eitschbergeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,eitschbergeri,,,,,"Harz, 1973", 16084360,Podisma emiliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,emiliae,,,,,"Ramme, 1926", 16084391,Podisma goidanichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,goidanichi,,,,,"(Baccetti, 1959)", 16084558,Podisma magdalenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,magdalenae,,,,,"Galvagni, 1971", 16084392,Podisma ruffoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,ruffoi,,,,,"Baccetti, 1971", 16084424,Podisma silvestrii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,silvestrii,,,,,"Salfi, 1935", 16084352,Pseudoprumna baldensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pseudoprumna,baldensis,,,,,"(Krauss, 1883)", 16084515,Stenobothrus ursulae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,ursulae,,,,,"Nadig, 1986", 44709683,Leptophyes sicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,sicula,,,,,"Kleukers, Odé & Fontana, 2010", 22780,Urocyon cinereoargenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Urocyon,cinereoargenteus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)", 23061,Vulpes ferrilata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,ferrilata,,,,,"Hodgson, 1842", 177448,Prosymna ornatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,ornatissima,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928", 177575,Psammophylax tritaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophylax,tritaeniatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","The validity of Psammophylax tritaeniatus fitgeraldi Broadley, 1960 has been questioned (see Uetz et al. 2018)." 178405,Afrotyphlops gierrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,gierrai,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1897)", 178733,Letheobia graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,graueri,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1912)", 178617,Atheris barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,barbouri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1930", 178563,Atheris ceratophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,ceratophora,,,,,"Werner, 1895", 190648,Montatheris hindii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montatheris,hindii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 190650,Proatheris superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Proatheris,superciliaris,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 23053,Vulpes rueppellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,rueppellii,,,,,"(Schinz, 1825)", 46205572,Drymoreomys albimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Drymoreomys,albimaculatus,,,,,"Percequillo, Weksler & Costa, 2011", 46205590,Paucidentomys vermidax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paucidentomys,vermidax,,,,,"Esselstyn, Achmadi & Rowe, 2012", 46205597,Pseudoberylmys muongbangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudoberylmys,muongbangensis,,,,,"Tran, Viet, Canh & Dang, 2008", 46205609,Soricomys leonardocoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Soricomys,leonardocoi,,,,,"Balete, Rickart, Heaney, Alviola, M.V.Duya, M.R.M.Duya, Sosa & Jansa, 2012", 154811,Starksia leucovitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,leucovitta,,,,,"Williams & Mounts, 2003", 178895,Enneapterygius rubicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,rubicauda,,,,,"Shen, 1994", 180982,Phenablennius heyligeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Phenablennius,heyligeri,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1859)", 183308,Ophioblennius steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ophioblennius,steindachneri,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1898",Ophioblennius steindachneri clippertonensis from Clipperton is now recognised as a distinct species (Hastings and Springer 2009). 199651,Cirripectes heemstraorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,heemstraorum,,,,,"Williams, 2010","Cirripectes heemstraorum is closely related to C. auritus, an Indo-Pacific species ranging from Kenya to South Africa to the Philippines and Line Islands (Williams 2010)." 46251646,Microcebus marohita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,marohita,,,,,"Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony & Kappeler, 2013", 3753,Canis adustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,adustus,,,,,"Sundevall, 1847","Coetzee (1977) initially listed seven subspecies of Canis adustus on the African continent. However, only one of these subspecies occurs in the assessment regions: C. a. adustus." 46255725,Leptobrachium kanowitense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,kanowitense,,,,,"Hamidy, Matsui, Nishikawa & Belabut, 2012",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptobrachium nigrops (Hamidy et al. 2012). 46255703,Leptobrachium ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,ingeri,,,,,"Hamidy, Matsui, Nishikawa & Belabut, 2012","

This species is split from the Leptobrachium nigrops (complex). Although in mtDNA data, the genetic distances between two allopatric subpopulations from Belitung and costal area of Borneo are not small (5.5–5.8%), nuclear data show that the two subpopulations should be recognized as a single species (Hamidy et al. 2012).

" 18258153,Minyichthys sentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Minyichthys,sentus,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 198766,Syngnathus phlegon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,phlegon,,,,,"Risso, 1827", 18258249,Syngnathus rostellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,rostellatus,,,,,"Nilsson, 1855", 18258256,Syngnathus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,schmidti,,,,,"Popov, 1928", 198767,Syngnathus typhle,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,typhle,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 2888,Bos javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bos,javanicus,,,,,"d'Alton, 1823","Three subspecies of Banteng have come to be generally recognized (Lekagul and McNeely 1977, National Research Council 1983):
1. B. javanicus javanicus on Java and Bali;
2. B. javanicus lowi on Borneo; and
3. B. javanicus birmanicus on the Asian mainland.

However, Grzimek (1990) argued against separating these local forms into true subspecies because a number of the small populations of wild Banteng which remain have been affected by interbreeding with domestic or feral cattle. Corbet and Hill (1992) did not recognize any valid subspecies of Banteng. Pending further morphometric and genetic analysis Bos j. javanicus and B. j. birmanicus are provisionally accepted here in recognition of the relatively pronounced phenotypic differences which exist between Banteng on Java and the Asian mainland. Frequent reports of interbreeding between wild Banteng and domestic livestock on Borneo (S. Hedges pers. comm. 2008) have yet to be substantiated in Sabah and Java (J. Burton pers comm. 2016). Phylogenetic studies of B. j. lowi are confounded by the difficulties of obtaining samples. Until there is sufficient information on its genetic description, current population size, and status B. j. lowi should not be included within B. j.avanicus." 2890,Bos sauveli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bos,sauveli,,,,,"Urbain, 1937","Some new genetic evidence suggests that Kouprey might have existed under domestication in Cambodia, potentially as hybrid forms with other domestic oxen (Hassanin et al. 2006). However, domestic oxen with Kouprey-like features, if they exist today, must be localized in occurrence, as 'Zebu' types predominate in most areas (R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2008). Partial analysis of mitochondrial DNA has been used to suggest Kouprey could have arisen relatively recently as a result of hybridisation (Galbreath et al. 2006), however, there are many reasons to consider such a scenario the least likely of several more plausible alternatives for the origin of Kouprey (Hedges et al. 2007), and there is little doubt that Kouprey is a valid species (Vidthayanon and Bhumpakphan 2004, Galbreath et al. 2007, Grigson 2007, Hassanin and Ropiquet 2007, Hedges et al. 2007)." 2891,Bos gaurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bos,gaurus,,,,,"C.H. Smith, 1827","The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003) ruled that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. Therefore, IUCN considers the wild species of Gaur under Bos gaurus, while referring to the domestic form (Mythun, Mithan or Gayal) as Bos frontalis Lambert, 1804 (see Gentry et al. 2004).

Traditionally, three subspecies of Gaur have been recognized: Bos gaurus gaurus in India, Nepal, and Bhutan; B. g. readei in Myanmar (Burma), southern China, Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Thailand north of the Isthmus of Kra (Lydekker 1903); and B. g. hubbacki in Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra and in West Malaysia (Lydekker 1907). (In addition, Hubback (1937) thought that there may be two subspecies of Gaur in Malaysia, one with a well developed dewlap and one without.) However, this trifid arrangement, based largely on differences in colouration and size, is no longer widely recognized (Grzimek 1990, Corbet and Hill 1992).

Groves and Grubb (cited in National Research Council 1983) concluded that there were only two subspecies: Bos gaurus gaurus in India and Nepal; and Bos gaurus laosiensis in Myanmar (Burma), Lao PDR, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Thailand, and West Malaysia (and presumably southern China). More recent work by Groves and colleagues (e.g., Groves 2003) also supports this division into two subspecies. Analysis of skull and horn measurements revealed little multivariate overlap between Indian and Southeast Asian specimens: Southeast Asian specimens are much bigger, with relatively shorter nasal bones, a less wide horn span and a narrower occiput; and in South-east Asian specimens the ascending branch of the premaxilla generally does not reach the nasal, whereas in Indian specimens it usually does. Specimens from Bhutan, Chittagong (Bangladesh), Upper Chindwin (north Myanmar), and Mogok (north Myanmar) were intermediate, but tended more towards the South-east Asian type. The locations of these specimens suggest that the Gaur in north-east India are also likely to be intermediate but more similar to southeast Asian animals than to the Gaur in the rest of India (C. Groves pers. comm. 1995). In recognition of these phenotypic differences, B. g. gaurus and B. g. laosiensis are provisionally accepted here pending further morphometric and genetic study.

The extinct subspecies B. g. sinhaleyus survived on Sri Lanka into historic times (Grubb 2005)." 3126,Bubalus depressicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bubalus,depressicornis,,,,,"(C.H. Smith, 1827)","There is still debate about whether Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) and Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) are distinct species (Burton et al. 2005). Two phenotypes of Anoa, characterized by body size, hair texture, horn shape, and body colours have been used by certain authors to justify the existence of two species. However, transitory morphs suggest that the real relationships are more complex, and poorly understood. For example several individuals photographed in zoos show a range of features considered diagnostic for the two species observed in single individuals as they grow to maturity (Mustari pers. comm). Sulawesi is a rather small territory, albeit geographically complex, so the speciation patterns of a large mammal pose a riddle to systematists. An enormous underlying variability (outward appearance, anatomy, chromosomes, proteins, DNA) has hitherto precluded a convincing classification, or has questioned the validity of an approach to group Anoa diversity into clear, reproducible types. Pattern-based classifications of zoo and museum specimens, most of which are devoid of reliable information as to their origin within Sulawesi, have always suffered from the later discovery of phenotypes with new combinations of supposedly diagnostic species characters.

Populations or individuals with combinations of features associated with one or other phenotype probably do not represent ""hybrids"" of two species, but various degrees of genetic introgression, or even primary clines of diverging evolutionary lineages, and they could perhaps differ in different regions of Sulawesi, depending on the degree of gene flow, and the characters affected. Given the ongoing uncertainty, every regional Anoa population should be considered worthy of conservation. The management units should at least be based on known origins from within Sulawesi, rather than on taxonomic schemes, which in the past have often proved incomplete. This has been the approach taken by the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry in publishing the National Strategy and Conservation Action Plan for Anoa 2013-2022 (2013).

The English common names of the two species relate to a still uncertain altitudinal separation (Groves 1969), with the large form (Lowland Anoa) purportedly inhabiting low-lying areas and the smaller form (Mountain Anoa) living at higher elevations (Burton et al. 2005)." 3128,Bubalus quarlesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bubalus,quarlesi,,,,,"(Ouwens, 1910)","There is still debate about whether Lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis) and Mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) are distinct species (Burton et al. 2005). Two phenotypes of Anoa, characterized by body size, hair texture, horn shape, and body colours have been used by certain authors to justify the existence of two species. However, transitory morphs suggest that the real relationships are more complex, and poorly understood. For example several individuals photographed in zoos show a range of features considered diagnostic for the 2 species observed in single individuals as they grow to maturity (Mustari pers.comm.).  Sulawesi is a rather small territory, albeit geographically complex, so the speciation patterns of a large mammal pose a riddle to systematists. An enormous underlying variability (outward appearance, anatomy, chromosomes, proteins, DNA) has hitherto precluded a convincing classification, or has questioned the validity of an approach to group Anoa diversity into clear, reproducible types. Pattern-based classifications of zoo and museum specimens, most of which are devoid of reliable information as to their origin within Sulawesi, have always suffered from the later discovery of phenotypes with new combinations of supposedly diagnostic species characters.

Populations or individuals with combinations of features associated with one or other phenotype probably do not represent ""hybrids"" of two species, but various degrees of genetic introgression, or even primary clines of diverging evolutionary lineages, and they could perhaps differ in different regions of Sulawesi, depending on the degree of gene flow, and the characters affected. Given the ongoing uncertainty, every regional Anoa population should be considered worthy of conservation. The management units should at least be based on known origins from within Sulawesi, rather than on taxonomic schemes, which in the past have often proved incomplete. This has been the approach taken by the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry in publishing the National Strategy and Conservation Action Plan for Anoa 2013-2022 (2013).

The English common names of the two species relate to a still uncertain altitudinal separation (Groves 1969), with the large form (Lowland Anoa) purportedly inhabiting low-lying areas and the smaller form (Mountain Anoa) living at higher elevations (Burton et al. 2005)." 3129,Bubalus arnee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bubalus,arnee,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003) ruled that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of its being antedated by a name based on a domestic form. Therefore, IUCN considers the wild forms of Water Buffalo under Bubalus arnee, while the domestic forms are considered under B. bubalis (see Gentry et al. 2004). Despite this, Grubb (2005) listed arnee as a subspecies of bubalis, contrary to most authors. Three subspecies were recognized, all still apparently extant, by Groves (1996): B. a. arnee (much of India and Nepal); B. a. fulvus (Assam and neighbouring areas); and B. a. theerapati (South-east Asia)." 46393618,Eleutherodactylus albolabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,albolabris,,,,,"(Taylor, 1943)","

Taylor (1943) first described Tomodactylus albolabris, which Hedges (1989) later reclassified as a species of Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus). Prompted by this merger, Lynch (1991) proposed E. dixoni as a replacement name for E. albolabris, believing it to be a junior secondary homonym of Microbatrachylus albolabris (Taylor 1939) because that genus had also been combined with Eleutherodactylus (Lynch 1965). However, M. albolabris had already been synonymized with M. pygmaeus by Duellman (1961), obviating the need for a replacement name. Thus, the earliest name available for this taxon is Eleutherodactylus (Syrrhophus) albolabris.

Eleutherodactylus dixoni has now been synonymized under E. albolabris (Frost 2015).

" 13152926,Bombus bohemicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,bohemicus,,,,,"Seidl, 1838","

Bombus ashtoni Cresson, 1864 from North America was previously considered to be a species separate from B. bohemicus, but Cameron et al. (2007) suggested it may be conspecific and this was supported by Williams et al. (2014).

" 13340340,Bombus cryptarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,cryptarum,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","Evidence from a global study of DNA barcodes supports the North American population as part of a species widespread in Europe and Asia (Williams et al. 2012, 2014).

Bombus cryptarum is difficult to identify and has been generally accepted as a valid species only recently. This explains why it has been explicitly dealt with in rather few articles (Rasmont et al. 2014)." 13340348,Bombus distinguendus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,distinguendus,,,,,"Morawitz, 1869","This species has only recently been discvoered in North America (Williams & Thomas 2005, Sheffield and Williams 2011). Populations in different parts of the range show especially strong genetic differentiation in COI barcodes (Williams et al. 2011)." 13340361,Bombus flavidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,flavidus,,,,,"Eversmann, 1852","Morphological and genetic evidence support a close relationship between B. fernaldae from North America and B. flavidus from Europe and Asia (Cameron et al. 2007, Williams et al. 2014). As such, Williams et al. (2014) treat them as conspecific. Rasmont (1988) reports that the Pyrenean population of B. flavidus in the Spain-France region is morphometrically distinct from the disjunct Scandinavian population; nevertheless, he continues to treat them as conspecific, as does Williams (2014)." 13340493,Bombus jonellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,jonellus,,,,,"(Kirby, 1802)", 88120725,Bombus polaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,polaris,,,,,"Curtis, 1835","This species has been separated from Bombus pyrrhopygus as evidenced by gene coalescents by Williams et al. (2015). Bombus pyrrhopygus is restricted to the European and Asian continents, and Bombus polaris is restricted to North America and Greenland." 44936424,Bombus auricomus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,auricomus,,,,,"(Robertson, 1903)","

Previously considered conspecific with B. nevadensis, this species is now considered separate (Williams et al. 2014).

" 44937195,Bombus neoboreus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,neoboreus,,,,,"Sladen, 1919","

This taxon as usually understood is now interpreted as a composite of two cryptic species with overlapping distributions (Williams et al. 2015). Clarification of the situation is currently under investigation and should be available by the end of 2016.

" 44937399,Bombus affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,affinis,,,,,"Cresson, 1863", 44937492,Bombus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,occidentalis,,,,,"Greene, 1858","

DNA evidence (divergence in COI-barcode sequences) supports Bombus occidentalis as a valid species, separate from B. terricola (Williams et al. 2012). COI-barcode divergence also suggests that B. occidentalis can be divided into northern (including Alaska, Yukon Territory, and northern British Columbia) and southern (including the western contiguous United States and southern British Columbia) populations, each of which have distinctive haplotype groups (Williams et al. 2012). These distinct haplotypes correspond with morphological differences; specifically, shorter pile (hair) has been noted in the southern populations and longer pile in the northern populations (Williams et al. 2012; Williams et al. 2014). Taxonomic work is in progress to formally distinguish two subspecies of B. occidentalis (C. Sheffield pers. comm. May 2013 in Jepsen and Foltz Jordan 2013). 

" 44937505,Bombus terricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,terricola,,,,,"Kirby, 1837","

While there has been some debate over whether this species is conspecific with Bombus occidentalis (e.g. Cameron et al. 2007), recent morphological and molecular work (e.g. Bertsch et al. 2010, Williams et al. 2012, Owen and Whidden 2013) support the separate taxa.

" 44937582,Bombus crotchii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,crotchii,,,,,"Cresson, 1878", 44937645,Bombus griseocollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,griseocollis,,,,,"(DeGeer, 1773)", 44937699,Bombus suckleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,suckleyi,,,,,"Greene, 1860", 44937784,Bombus flavifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,flavifrons,,,,,"Cresson, 1963","Although the oldest available name for this species is B. pleuralis Nylander, the name B. flavifrons has been in common use for this species since 1950, while only one publication is known to use the name B. pleuralis (Williams et al. 2014, Williams 2014). Thus, for stability, it is suggested that use of name B. flavifrons be continued (Williams et al. 2014). 

DNA barcodes support as part of the same species individuals with metasomal T3-4 red (named flavifrons, from Alaska and British Columbia south to Utah) and those with T3-4 black (named dimidiatus, predominant in California, Oregon, and Washington) (Williams et al. 2014).

Evidence from DNA barcodes supports B. centralis and B. flavifrons as separate species (Williams et al. 2014)." 44937931,Bombus sandersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,sandersoni,,,,,"Franklin, 1913", 44937938,Bombus sitkensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,sitkensis,,,,,"Nylander, 1848", 44937945,Bombus sylvicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,sylvicola,,,,,"Kirby, 1837","Bombus sylvicola is morphologically closely similar to B. lapponicus, and it has been suggested repeatedly that they are conspecific (reviewed in Williams 2014). Evidence from comparisons of DNA sequences from the 16S gene is not strong, but is consistent with the two taxa being separate species (Cameron et al. 2007). Until more evidence to the contrary is available from critical studies of patterns of variation, these two species should be treated as separate (Williams 1998, Williams 2014, Williams et al. 2014)." 44938024,Bombus vagans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,vagans,,,,,"Smith, 1854","Evidence from DNA barcodes supports a close relationship between B. vagans and B. bolsteri, with only minor differences, as what can be considered parts of a single species. The two are considered synonymous by Williams et al. (2014). 

Bombus cockerelli is very similar to B. vagans (particularly in female morphology), but so far it has not been possible to obtain DNA barcodes of B. cockerelli from which to assess whether it is conspecific (Williams et al. 2014). The synonymy is considered possible but unconfirmed." 44938052,Bombus vandykei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,vandykei,,,,,"(Frison, 1927)","The extensively yellow female color pattern from Washington and northern Oregon was described in 1970 with the name cascadensis, however, this name is now known to be a junior synonym of B. vandykei (Williams et al. 2014, Williams 2014)." 44938235,Bombus vosnesenskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,vosnesenskii,,,,,"Radoszkowski, 1862", 44938356,Bombus appositus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,appositus,,,,,"Cresson, 1878","There is what is believed to be a predominantly yellow colour form of this species found near Corvallis and Ashland, Oregon, but so far there have been no molecular assessments of the status of this variation (Williams et al. 2011). 

 

" 44938377,Bombus borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,borealis,,,,,"Kirby, 1837", 21857,Thunnus albacares,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,albacares,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","Although several geographic populations have been named as species, morphological and genetic data show there is one world-wide panmictic species (Gibbs and Collette 1967, Scoles and Graves 1993)." 23148,Xiphias gladius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XIPHIIDAE,Xiphias,gladius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis reveals that genetic differentiation occurs between populations inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the tropical Atlantic Ocean, indicating that little genetic exchange occurs between the two (Kotoulas et al. 1995).

Recent study of mitochondrial DNA by Viñas et al. (2010) found further differentiation between populations in the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea." 61338,Epinephelus malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,malabaricus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","There has been taxonomic confusion and misidentifications between Epinephelus coioides, E. tauvina and E. malabaricus (Heemstra and Randall 1993). Therefore, historical data for E. malabaricus can be uncertain." 132735,Epinephelus latifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,latifasciatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)", 132740,Epinephelus multinotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,multinotatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 132751,Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,coeruleopunctatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 132753,Epinephelus polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,polylepis,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 1991","Prior to this species' formal description in 1991, it was identified as Epinephelus chlorostigma, particularly in India." 132759,Cephalopholis hemistiktos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,hemistiktos,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)",Recent genetic and demographic evidence suggests that the population of Cephalopholis hemistiktos in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden may be a distinct species from the population in the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (Priest et al. 2016). 132772,Hyporthodus octofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,octofasciatus,,,,,"(Griffin, 1926)","The generic name of this species was changed to Hyporthodus by Craig and Hastings (2007), and the family name to Epinephelidae by Smith and Craig (2007)." 132774,Epinephelus areolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,areolatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 132777,Epinephelus diacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,diacanthus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)",This species has been confused with Epinephelus stictus in the western Pacific and with E. rivulatus in South Africa (Heemstra and Randall 1993). 132787,Anyperodon leucogrammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Anyperodon,leucogrammicus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","Craig and Hastings (2007) changed the genus of this species to Epinephelus. However, until workers reach agreement on this taxonomic revision, Anyperodon leucogrammicus is retained here for the purposes of this Red List assessment." 132793,Epinephelus stoliczkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,stoliczkae,,,,,"(Day, 1875)","This species can be confused with Epinephelus rivulatus, which is superficially similar." 132814,Aethaloperca rogaa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Aethaloperca,rogaa,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, Craig and Hastings (2007) included the species Aetheloperca rogaa within the genus Cephalopholis." 132824,Epinephelus epistictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,epistictus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)",This species is sometimes misidentified as Epinephelus magniscuttis or Epinephelus heniochus. 132826,Epinephelus bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,bleekeri,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1878)", 154615,Laeops guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,guentheri,,,,,"Alcock, 1890", 154774,Nematalosa nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,nasus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)", 154999,Etelis carbunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Etelis,carbunculus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1828", 155116,Sardinella albella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,albella,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 155162,Zebrias crossolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,crossolepis,,,,,"Zheng & Chang, 1965", 155261,Brachypleura novaezeelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CITHARIDAE,Brachypleura,novaezeelandiae,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 166868,Megalops cyprinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,MEGALOPIDAE,Megalops,cyprinoides,,,,,"(Broussonet, 1782)", 166892,Terapon jarbua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Terapon,jarbua,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Terapon jarbua was originally described as Scieana jarbua by Forsskål (1775) from Djedda, Red Sea. Golani and Appelbaum-Golani (2010) have suggested that the specimens from Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea differ slightly from the specimens collected from far east (Hong Kong and Japan) indicating that further molecular taxonomy research is necessary to clarify the identity of this taxon." 166897,Gerres filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,filamentosus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","

Gerres filamentosus forms part of a species complex and new species have been described (Iwatsuki et al. 2002), and some records of this species may be confused with these (Gerres infasciatus, G. macracanthus and G. microphthalmus).

" 166925,Monodactylus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MONODACTYLIDAE,Monodactylus,argenteus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 166990,Boleophthalmus boddarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Boleophthalmus,boddarti,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)", 170310,Katsuwonus pelamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Katsuwonus,pelamis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Some authors have included Skipjack Tuna in the genus Euthynnus, but recent authors agree with its placement in the monotypic genus Katsuwonus (Collette and Graves 2019)." 170312,Istiompax indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Istiompax,indica,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)",This species previously was included in the genus Makaira (Collette et al. 2006). 170338,Istiophorus platypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Istiophorus,platypterus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)","There is no genetic evidence in the mtDNA control region to indicate that the Atlantic (Istiophorus albicans) and Indo-Pacific (Istiophorus platypterus) Sailfishes are separate species (Collette et al. 2006). However, there are two distinct mtDNA clades, both evident in the Atlantic while only one is found in the Indo-Pacific (McDowell 2002). There is also no difference in pectoral fin length or in any other morphometric or meristic characters between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations of sailfish (Morrow and Harbo 1969, McDowell 2002)." 172469,Hippichthys penicillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippichthys,penicillus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)","Hippichthys penicillus was originally described as Syngnathus penicillus by Cantor (1849) from Sea of Pinang (Penang), Malaysia." 197047,Chelon melinopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,melinopterus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","There is a disagreement with the generic placement of this species. The species has also been confused with Liza macrolepis and some records may be misidentifcations." 18123573,Atherinomorus lacunosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherinomorus,lacunosus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","This species, originally described as Atherinomorus lacunosa (Forster in Bloch and Schneider 1801) is often confused or incorrectly synonymized with Atherinomorus forskalii (Rüppell 1838), which is known from the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean, and Atherinomorus pinguis (Lacepède 1803), which, similarly to A. lacunosus, is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from East Africa to northern Australia and north to southern Japan (Kimura et al. 2007). Atherinomorus lacunosus differs from A. forskalii in lacking conspicuous, large endopterygoid teeth which form noticeable tooth ridges, and from A. pinguis in having a wider midlateral band and more numerous midlateral scales (Kimura et al. 2007)." 18124738,Dussumieria elopsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dussumieria,elopsoides,,,,,Bleeker 1849,"In the past, there has been confusion from the use of the names D. acuta and D. elopsoides. Records of D. acuta in the eastern Mediterranean may refer instead to D. elopsoides (Whitehead 1985). However, this confusion has since been resolved (H. Hata pers. comm. 2017)." 18161519,Pomadasys stridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,stridens,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 18178550,Siganus luridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,luridus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)",The record for Siganus spinus in Woodland (1984) is a misidentification of S. luridus (Randall 1995). 18214519,Bothus pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,pantherinus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 18257687,Stephanolepis diaspros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Stephanolepis,diaspros,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1940", 20249446,Caesio lunaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,lunaris,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 20250177,Caesio varilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,varilineata,,,,,"Carpenter, 1987",Caesio varilineata has previously been identified and recorded as Caesio caerulaurea (Carpenter 1988). 20256270,Alepes melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alepes,melanoptera,,,,,"(Swainson, 1839)", 20256645,Atropus atropos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Atropus,atropos,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 20257156,Carangoides armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,armatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 20429981,Carangoides praeustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,praeustus,,,,,"(Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)", 20432288,Parastromateus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Parastromateus,niger,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)",This species has been previously referred to in the literature as Formio niger. 20437461,Trachinotus mookalee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,mookalee,,,,,"Cuvier, 1832", 20437726,Trachurus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,indicus,,,,,"Nekrasov, 1966", 46074027,Saurida tumbil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,tumbil,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)","Saurida tumbil has been widely misidentified in the literature, and has been misapplied to other species of Saurida. The true Saurida tumbil is probably restricted in range to India, the Arabian Sea, the Persian/Arabian Gulf and the Red Sea (B. Russell pers. comm. 2015)." 46074055,Synodus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,macrops,,,,,"Tanaka, 1917", 46075046,Rhynchorhamphus georgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Rhynchorhamphus,georgii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 46075152,Anodontostoma chacunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Anodontostoma,chacunda,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 46075167,Herklotsichthys lossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,lossei,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983",This species is often misidentified as Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus in the Arabian Gulf. 46075186,Nematalosa resticularia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,resticularia,,,,,"Nelson & McCarthy, 1995","

Based on Nelson and McCarthy (1995), Carpenter et al. (1997) suggested this species might be a junior synonym of Nematalosa nasus. However, that interpretation may be incorrect considering that Nelson and McCarthy (1995: 382) stated that “N. resticularia seems to be a well marked species, differing from N. persara and N. nasus in meristic characters and in the larger and fewer intestinal diverticula.”

" 46075209,Nematalosa persara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,persara,,,,,"Nelson & McCarthy, 1995",It is difficult to distinguish this species from Nematalosa nasus (Nelson and McCarthy 1995). 46075224,Opisthopterus tardoore,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Opisthopterus,tardoore,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 46075376,Ilisha sirishai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,sirishai,,,,,"Seshagiri Rao, 1975", 67968894,Antennatus nummifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennatus,nummifer,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)","Based on a recent taxonomic study of the Antennariidae (Arnold and Pietsch 2012), both Antennarius and Antennatus are valid genera, but Antennarius nummifer is now valid as Antennatus nummifer. Specifically, it is stated that: ""Antennatus was recovered nested within the Antennarius nummifer group, requiring reallocation of all members of the later, resulting in a much expanded Antennatus.""" 46076682,Lophiomus setigerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiomus,setigerus,,,,,"(Vahl, 1797)", 46076701,Brotula multibarbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotula,multibarbata,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1846",There may be several species within this complex (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 46076716,Neobythites steatiticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,steatiticus,,,,,"Alcock, 1894", 46079096,Alticus kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,kirkii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 46079214,Antennablennius adenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,adenensis,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1951", 46079217,Antennablennius australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,australis,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1951", 46079226,Antennablennius bifilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,bifilum,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 46079239,Antennablennius hypenetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,hypenetes,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 46079290,Antennablennius simonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,simonyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1902)", 46079321,Antennablennius variopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,variopunctatus,,,,,"(Jatzow & Lenz, 1898)", 46079476,Blenniella periophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,periophthalmus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 46079519,Ecsenius pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,pulcher,,,,,"(Murray, 1887)", 46079775,Hirculops cornifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hirculops,cornifer,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 46079801,Istiblennius edentulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,edentulus,,,,,"(Forster & Schneider, 1801)", 46079816,Istiblennius pox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,pox,,,,,"Springer & Williams, 1994", 46079840,Istiblennius spilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,spilotus,,,,,"Springer & Williams, 1994", 46082077,Acentrogobius cyanomos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,cyanomos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)",

The generic placement of this species is under revision (H.K. Larson pers. comm. 2017).

46082238,Acentrogobius dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,dayi,,,,,"Koumans, 1941", 46082241,Amblyeleotris diagonalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,diagonalis,,,,,"Polunin & Lubbock, 1979", 46082420,Amblyeleotris downingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,downingi,,,,,"Randall, 1994", 46082431,Amblygobius albimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,albimaculatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 46082602,Callogobius bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1958)", 46083195,Coryogalops adamsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,adamsoni,,,,,"(Goren, 1985)", 46083503,Coryogalops anomolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,anomolus,,,,,"Smith, 1958", 46084220,Coryogalops tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,tessellatus,,,,,"Randall, 1994", 46084287,Cryptocentroides arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentroides,arabicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 46084385,Cryptocentrus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Playfair, 1867)", 46084392,Cryptocentrus lutheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,lutheri,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1960", 46084426,Eviota pardalota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,pardalota,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1978", 46084436,Gobiodon reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,reticulatus,,,,,"Playfair, 1867", 46084449,Gobiopsis canalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopsis,canalis,,,,,"Lachner & McKinney, 1978", 46084651,Lobulogobius omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lobulogobius,omanensis,,,,,"Koumans, 1944", 46084720,Myersina filifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Myersina,filifer,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 46084808,Priolepis randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,randalli,,,,,"Winterbottom & Burridge, 1992", 46084981,Scartelaos tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Scartelaos,tenuis,,,,,"(Day, 1876)", 46085242,Tomiyamichthys latruncularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tomiyamichthys,latruncularius,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1974)", 46085669,Trimma winterbottomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,winterbottomi,,,,,"Randall & Downing, 1994", 46085734,Valenciennea persica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,persica,,,,,"Hoese & Larson, 1994", 46086124,Plectorhinchus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,pictus,,,,,"(Tortonese, 1936)", 46086190,Kyphosus vaigiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Kyphosus,vaigiensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)","Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families. Their study recognized 11 species of Kyphosus in Kyphosidae, and the monotypic Neoscorpis. Thus, there are 12 species total in the family Kyphosidae. 

Kyphosus lutescens and K. pacificus are now treated as synonyms of K. sectatrix (Knudsen and Clements 2013). Both K. incisor and K. analogus are now considered synonyms of K. vaigiensis (Knudsen and Clements 2013). Kyphosus sandwicensis is a junior synonym of K. elegans (Knudsen and Clements 2013). 

Before Knudsen and Clements (2013) it was thought that only two Kyphosids occurred in the Atlantic, but there may in fact be four species, K. sectatrix, K. vaigiensis, K. bigibbus, and K. cinerascens. However, Sakai and Nakbo (2014) have presented an alternative view on the kyphosids occurring in the Atlantic." 46086355,Gunnellichthys viridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Gunnellichthys,viridescens,,,,,"Dawson, 1968", 46086626,Parupeneus margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,margaritatus,,,,,"Randall & Guézé, 1984","More taxonomic research is needed to clarify the status of the paratype specimen from off Madras, India (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 46086643,Parupeneus seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,seychellensis,,,,,"(Smith & Smith, 1963)","This species is easily confused, and very similar to Parupeneus heptacanthus, and has been synonymised in the past. Taxonomic work is needed (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 46086669,Upeneus doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,doriae,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)","This species was previously misidentified as Upeneus sulphureus in the Arabian/Persian Gulf (Carpenter et al. 1997b, Ali et al. 2018). These two species have overlapping distributions, but rarely co-occur (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 46086877,Nemipterus bipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,bipunctatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)","Nemipterus bipunctatus has been previously recorded as N. bleekeri, a junior synonym, in some reports from the Persian Gulf (B. Russell pers. comm. 2013)" 46086928,Nemipterus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,japonicus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)","There may be nomenclature implications for the Indian Ocean population of Nemipterus japonicus due to a 2.7% genetic difference between the western Pacific and Indian Ocean populations, but further investigation is needed (Ping et al. 2015). According to Hung et al. (2017), Nemipterus japonicus contains two distinct cryptic species, and further taxonomic work is needed." 46087000,Nemipterus peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,peronii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 46087031,Nemipterus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,randalli,,,,,"Russell, 1986","Nemipterus randalli was not described until 1986 and it may previously have been confused with N. japonicus (B. Russell pers. comm. 2013). This species was identified as N. mesoprion in India prior to its description, but it continues to be misidentified as N. mesoprion by some workers to the present (B. Russell pers. comm. 2018)." 46087040,Parascolopsis aspinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Parascolopsis,aspinosa,,,,,"(Rao & Rao, 1981)", 46087121,Scolopsis bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,bimaculata,,,,,"Rüppell, 1828",Kuronuma and Abe (1986) mistakenly recorded Scolopsis bimaculata as S. phaeops [=S. frenata]. 46087155,Scolopsis ghanam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,ghanam,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 46087177,Scolopsis taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,taeniata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 46087368,Scolopsis vosmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,vosmeri,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)","Scolopsis vosmeri is a complex of two or three species (two forms of S. vosmeri and S. torquata), and the taxonomic status of this complex requires further study (B. Russell pers. comm. 2018)." 46087474,Opistognathus muscatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,muscatensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888", 46087494,Opistognathus nigromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,nigromarginatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1830", 46087522,Stalix omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Stalix,omanensis,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 46087813,Priacanthus blochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,blochii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 46087863,Priacanthus hamrur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,hamrur,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 46087917,Priacanthus tayenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,tayenus,,,,,Richardson 1846, 46087926,Pseudochromis aldabraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,aldabraensis,,,,,"Bauchot-Boutin, 1958","This species has been confused with Pseudochromis dutoiti in east Africa, and it is possible that it constitutes two species given future taxonomic work (Gill 2003)." 46087999,Pseudochromis caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,caudalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898",Pseudochromis caudalis forms a species-complex (Gill and Zajonz 2011). 46088026,Pseudochromis linda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,linda,,,,,"Randall & Stanaland, 1989", 46088074,Pseudochromis nigrovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,nigrovittatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 46088136,Pseudochromis persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,persicus,,,,,"Murray, 1887", 46088156,Plectranthias vexillarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,vexillarius,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 46088184,Pseudanthias townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,townsendi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 46093088,Arnoglossus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,arabicus,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 46093091,Arnoglossus macrolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,macrolophus,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 46093100,Arnoglossus tapeinosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,tapeinosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1865)",Arnoglossus tapeinosoma is easily misidentified and there is much taxonomic uncertainty surrounding the genus (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2014). 46093119,Bothus myriaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,myriaster,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)",There is much taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2014). 46093128,Bothus ypsigrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,ypsigrammus,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1977", 46093134,Engyprosopon grandisquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,grandisquama,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 46093150,Grammatobothus polyophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Grammatobothus,polyophthalmus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1865)", 46093157,Cynoglossus arel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,arel,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","The taxonomic status of the nominal species Cynoglossus arel and C. macrolepidotus remains uncertain. Menon (1977) and Munroe (2001) consider C. macrolepidotus to be a junior synonym of C. arel; however, other authors (e.g., Li and Wang 1996, Mishra et al. 1999) consider both to be valid species. Cynoglossus macrolepidotus was recently included in the comparative material for the description of C. crepida (Fricke et al. 2017) and it is currently listed as valid in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2020). Research is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of these two nominal species." 46093165,Cynoglossus carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,carpenteri,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 46093168,Cynoglossus kopsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,kopsii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)",The taxonomic status of Cynoglossus kopsii requires further study as there are several nominal species currently referred to under the name Cynoglossus kopsii (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2019). 46093175,Cynoglossus lachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,lachneri,,,,,"Menon, 1977", 46093182,Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Cephalopsetta,ventrocellatus,,,,,"Dutt & Rao, 1965", 46093186,Pseudorhombus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,javanicus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 46094228,Pseudorhombus arsius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,arsius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 46094533,Pseudorhombus elevatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,elevatus,,,,,"Ogilby, 1912", 46094548,Pseudorhombus malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,malayanus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1865", 46095433,Marleyella bicolorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Marleyella,bicolorata,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1922)", 46095523,Pardachirus balius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pardachirus,balius,,,,,"Randall & Mee, 1994", 46095532,Pardachirus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pardachirus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 46096138,Solea elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,elongata,,,,,"Day, 1877", 46096156,Dagetichthys commersonnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dagetichthys,commersonnii,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","

Cantor (1849) considered Brachirus Swainson 1839 to be preoccupied by Brachyrus Swainson 1838 and proposed the replacement name Synaptura. Subsequently, Brachirus Swainson was determined to be a valid genus name (Jordan 1923). Bleeker (1875) distinguished Brachirus Swainson from Synaptura, but did not designate a type species. Later, Chabanaud (1928) restricted the name Synaptura to accommodate four nominal species of elongate soles, Synaptura albomaculata Kaup 1858, Pleuronectes commersonnii Lacepede 1802, S. lusitanica Brito Capello 1868, and S. marginata Boulenger 1900. 


Desoutter et al. (2001) commented that Synaptura sensu Chabanaud was not a valid genus name. In a revision of members of the genus Synaptura sensu Chabanaud, Vachon et al. (2007) also stated that Synaptura sensu Chabanaud was not valid. Based on the results of their study, the five nominal species (including Synaptura cadenati Chabanaud 1948) formally placed in Synaptura sensu Chabanaud were found to be closely related to Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch and Blanc 1964 and they transferred these species to Dagetichthys. This generic assignment is recognized herein.

" 46096204,Zebrias quagga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,quagga,,,,,"(Kaup, 1858)", 46096692,Zebrias synapturoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,synapturoides,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1910)", 46096750,Symphurus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 46096953,Apistus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APISTIDAE,Apistus,carinatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 46097197,Grammoplites suppositus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Grammoplites,suppositus,,,,,"(Troschel, 1840)", 46097614,Kumococius rodericensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Kumococius,rodericensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 46097625,Rogadius asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Rogadius,asper,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 46097663,Rogadius pristiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Rogadius,pristiger,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 46097723,Sorsogona melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sorsogona,melanoptera,,,,,"Knapp & Wongratana, 1987", 46097728,Sorsogona nigripinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sorsogona,nigripinna,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 46097741,Sorsogona tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sorsogona,tuberculata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 46097767,Thysanophrys celebica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Thysanophrys,celebica,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 46098411,Scorpaenopsis barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,barbata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 46098924,Scorpaenopsis oxycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,oxycephala,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 46099940,Scorpaenopsis venosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,venosa,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 46100481,Choridactylus multibarbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Choridactylus,multibarbus,,,,,"Richardson, 1848", 46101009,Minous inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Minous,inermis,,,,,"Alcock, 1889","Historically synonymised with M. longimanus, however clearly defined as two distinct species in the 1980s (Amaoka and Kanayama 1981)." 46101835,Minous monodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Minous,monodactylus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 46102071,Pseudosynanceia melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Pseudosynanceia,melanostigma,,,,,"Day, 1875", 46102308,Synanceia nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Synanceia,nana,,,,,"Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao, 1973", 46102475,Lepidotrigla faurei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,faurei,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914", 46102491,Lepidotrigla bispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,bispinosa,,,,,"Steindachner, 1898", 46102529,Centriscus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Centriscus,scutatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 46102569,Acentronura tentaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Acentronura,tentaculata,,,,,"Günther, 1870","Acentronura tentaculata subsumes A. breviperula. Dawson (1985) examined the specimens and concluded that there were no substantial differences, and thus synonymized the two under A. tentaculata. Western Pacific specimens were originally attributed to A. breviperula. Subsequent authors (e.g., Fricke 2004; Kuiter 2009; Fricke et al. 2011, 2014; Allen and Erdmann 2012) have all resurrected Acentronura breviperula in species checklists or picture guides with no justification." 46102582,Bryx analicarens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bryx,analicarens,,,,,"(Duncker, 1915)", 46102624,Corythoichthys haematopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,haematopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 46102674,Cosmocampus investigatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,investigatoris,,,,,"(Hora, 1926)", 46102735,Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Trachyrhamphus,bicoarctatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 46102818,Paramonacanthus oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,oblongus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","There has been some confusion surrounding the correct name for this species. It is now placed as Paramonacanthus oblongus, separate from P. japonicus, by Gill and Hutchins (2002)." 46675319,Thomasomys andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,andersoni,,,,,"Salazar-Bravo & Yates, 2007", 10088,Hippocampus whitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,whitei,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 56629,Eleutherodactylus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,grandis,,,,,"(Dixon, 1957)", 7854,Epinephelus drummondhayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,drummondhayi,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1878", 7860,Hyporthodus nigritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,nigritus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1855)",Craig and Hastings (2007) changed the generic name of this species from Epinephelus to Hyporthodus. The family name was changed to Epinephelidae by Smith and Craig (2007). 7861,Hyporthodus niveatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,niveatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","Craig and Hastings (2007) changed the generic name from Epinephelus to Hyporthodus and Smith and Craig (2007) changed the family name to Epinephelidae." 7862,Epinephelus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,striatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)", 10089,Hippocampus zosterae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,zosterae,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 10724,Hypoplectrus providencianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,providencianus,,,,,"Acero P. & Garzón-Ferreira, 1994","

There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them.

" 14048,Mycteroperca cidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,cidi,,,,,"Cervigón, 1966", 14050,Mycteroperca microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,microlepis,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1879)", 21856,Thunnus alalunga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,alalunga,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","This species is often confused with juvenile Thunnus obesus, which also has very long pectorals, but with rounded tips." 21859,Thunnus obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,obesus,,,,,"(Lowe, 1839)","The genus Thunnus is divisible into two subgenera, Thunnus and Neothunnus, but the Bigeye Tuna does not neatly fit in either subgenus (Collette and Graves 2019)." 21860,Thunnus thynnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,thynnus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This is now considered to be a separate species from the Pacific bluefin, Thunnus orientalis (Collette 1999)." 39303,Dermatolepis inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Dermatolepis,inermis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 44681,Epinephelus morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,morio,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 44682,Mycteroperca tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,tigris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 44683,Mycteroperca venenosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,venenosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 64400,Hyporthodus flavolimbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,flavolimbatus,,,,,"(Poey, 1865)","Craig and Hastings (2007) changed the generic name of this species to Hyporthodus, and Smith and Craig (2007) changed the family name to Epinephelidae." 64410,Mycteroperca interstitialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,interstitialis,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 132724,Mycteroperca bonaci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,bonaci,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 132729,Mycteroperca phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,phenax,,,,,"Jordan & Swain, 1884", 132761,Cephalopholis cruentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,cruentata,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 132770,Epinephelus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,guttatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 132771,Gonioplectrus hispanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Gonioplectrus,hispanus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 132806,Cephalopholis fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,fulva,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 132819,Epinephelus adscensionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,adscensionis,,,,,"(Osbeck, 1765)", 132827,Hyporthodus mystacinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,mystacinus,,,,,"(Poey, 1852)","The Eastern Pacific population may be a distinct species, and further future taxonomic work is planned (M. Craig pers. comm. 2018). Craig and Hastings (2007) changed the generic name of this species to Hyporthodus and Smith and Craig (2007) changed the family name to Epinephelidae." 132830,Mycteroperca acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,acutirostris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)",This species can be misidentified in Brazil as Mycteroperca rubra. 154648,Ancylopsetta kumperae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Ancylopsetta,kumperae,,,,,"Tyler, 1959", 154717,Anchoa choerostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,choerostoma,,,,,"(Goode, 1874)", 154765,Ancylopsetta cycloidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Ancylopsetta,cycloidea,,,,,"Tyler, 1959", 154828,Umbrina broussonnetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,broussonnetii,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 154853,Syngnathus floridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,floridae,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 154875,Cynoscion acoupa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,acoupa,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 155021,Coryphopterus hyalinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,hyalinus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1962",

This species is frequently confused with Coryphopterus personatus; C. hyalinus and C. personatus are genetically distinct (Baldwin et al. 2009).

155040,Etropus rimosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,rimosus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1885", 155128,Caulolatilus cyanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Caulolatilus,cyanops,,,,,"Poey, 1866", 155180,Calamus cervigoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,cervigoni,,,,,"Randall & Caldwell, 1966", 155181,Chirocentrodon bleekerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Chirocentrodon,bleekerianus,,,,,"(Poey, 1867)", 155199,Ethadophis akkistikos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ethadophis,akkistikos,,,,,"McCosker & Böhlke, 1984", 155218,Lipogramma robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,robinsi,,,,,"Gilmore, 1997", 155253,Jenkinsia majua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Jenkinsia,majua,,,,,"Whitehead, 1963", 155276,Thunnus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,atlanticus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 155294,Anchoviella brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,brevirostris,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 170314,Makaira nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Makaira,nigricans,,,,,"Lacepède, 1802","

Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans) of the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic are conspecific (Buonaccorsi et al. 1999, 2001; Collette et al. 2006). The Indo-Pacific Blue Marlin previously was known as Makaira mazara (Jordan & Snyder, 1901).

" 170322,Kajikia albida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Kajikia,albida,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Previously, this species was known as Tetrapturus albidus (Collette et al. 2006). There is a question as to whether this species is distinct from the Pacific Striped Marlin, Kajikia audax (Graves 1998, Collette et al. 2006, Hanner et al. 2011)." 187435,Halichoeres socialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,socialis,,,,,"Randall & Lobel, 2003",This species was recently described and all evidence indicates that it is endemic to the Pelican Keys in Belize (Randall and Lobel 2003). 187613,Decodon puellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Decodon,puellaris,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 189823,Cyprinodon variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,variegatus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803", 190095,Evoxymetopon taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Evoxymetopon,taeniatus,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 190248,Neoepinnula americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GEMPYLIDAE,Neoepinnula,americana,,,,,"(Grey, 1953)", 190299,Poecilopsetta inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,inermis,,,,,"(Breder, 1927)", 191191,Menidia beryllina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,beryllina,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)", 192942,Morone saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MORONIDAE,Morone,saxatilis,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 202632,Paralichthys lethostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,lethostigma,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1884", 18158483,Centrodraco acanthopoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DRACONETTIDAE,Centrodraco,acanthopoma,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 46104003,Derilissus lombardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Derilissus,lombardii,,,,,"Sparks & Gruber, 2012", 46104027,Chasmodes saburrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Chasmodes,saburrae,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 46104049,Entomacrodus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,nigricans,,,,,"Gill, 1859", 46104052,Hypleurochilus bermudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,bermudensis,,,,,"Beebe & Tee-Van, 1933", 46104061,Hypleurochilus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,springeri,,,,,"Randall, 1966", 46104064,Hypsoblennius hentz,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,hentz,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1825)", 46104071,Hypsoblennius invemar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,invemar,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Acero P., 1980", 46104074,Hypsoblennius ionthas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,ionthas,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 46104136,Emblemaria pandionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,pandionis,,,,,"Evermann & Marsh, 1900", 46106621,Hypoplectrus atlahua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,atlahua,,,,,"Tavera & Acero, 2013","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 46107486,Acentronura dendritica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Acentronura,dendritica,,,,,"(Barbour, 1905)","This species was originally described as Syngnathus dendriticum by Thomas Barbour in 1905. The genus Amphelikturus was subsequently described by Parr (1930), with this species subsumed within it. Dawson (1984) later subsumed Amphelikturus and Idiotropiscis as subgenera of Acentronura based on morphology." 46107620,Anarchopterus criniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Anarchopterus,criniger,,,,,"(Bean & Dresel, 1884)", 46107890,Anarchopterus tectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Anarchopterus,tectus,,,,,"(Dawson, 1978)",
 46108119,Cosmocampus albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,albirostris,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 46108252,Cosmocampus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,brachycephalus,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)","This species should not to be confused with Briggs’ Crested Pipefish (Histiogamphelus briggsii), which is found in southern Australia." 46109068,Syngnathus louisianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,louisianae,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 46109095,Syngnathus pelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,pelagicus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 46109104,Synodus macrostigmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,macrostigmus,,,,,"Frable, Luther & Baldwin, 2013", 46109137,Synodus bondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,bondi,,,,,"Fowler, 1939",This species was recently resurrected from synonymy under S. foetens (Frable et al. 2013). 46109145,Eugerres awlae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,awlae,,,,,"Schultz, 1949","This species was previously considered a synonym of E. plumieri by Deckert (1973), Deckert and Geenfield (1987), and González-Acosta (2005), because the original description was based on juveniles of this species.  Eugerres awlae has been re-described and considered a valid gerreid species from the western Atlantic by González-Acosta et al. (2007). It was recently reviewed in 2014 with conclusion that this species is valid (R. Robertson pers. comm. 2015)." 46981005,Kalophrynus yongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,yongi,,,,,"Matsui, 2009", 47005729,Microhyla malang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,malang,,,,,"Matsui, 2011","This species was removed from the synonymy of Microhyla borneensis by Matsui (2011). Accounts prior to 2011 conflated Microhyla malang and Microhyla borneensis (= Microhyla nepenthicola) as Microhyla borneensis, but presumably are mostly based on Microhyla malang (Frost 2018)." 47005754,Microhyla borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,borneensis,,,,,"Parker, 1928","Microhyla nepenthicola has been placed in synonymy with this species, and this is a restricted concept of Microhyla borneensis following the split of the broader concept into this and Microhyla malang (Matsui 2011). Accounts prior to 2011 conflated Microhyla malang and Microhyla borneensis (= Microhyla nepenthicola) as Microhyla borneensis, but presumably are mostly based on Microhyla malang (Frost 2018). 

Taxonomic work is ongoing with this species and related species, which may revise the species status (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 47005895,Oreophryne furu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,furu,,,,,"Günther, Richards, Tjaturadi & Iskandar, 2009", 47005905,Xenorhina arndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,arndti,,,,,"Günther, 2010", 47006112,Asterophrys marani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Asterophrys,marani,,,,,"(Günther, 2009)",This species has been moved from Metamagnusia to Asterophrys (Rivera et al. 2017). 57743,Asterophrys slateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Asterophrys,slateri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1955","Formerly Callulops slateri (Dubois, 1988) according to Günther (2009)." 57734,Asterophrys eurydactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Asterophrys,eurydactyla,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)", 47006403,Amolops akhaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,akhaorum,,,,,"Stuart, Bain, Phimmachak & Spence, 2010",In the Amolops monticola group according to the original publication (Frost 2014). 47023571,Protobothrops himalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,himalayanus,,,,,"Pan, Chettri, Yang, Jiang, Wang, Zhang & Vogel, 2013", 154734,Pagrus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Pagrus,auratus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","Both the specific and generic status of this species is under review and likely to change (K. Carpenter pers. comm. 2009).

The phylogeny of sparids, and the taxonomy of snapper in particular, has attracted considerable attention. In Australasia, snapper had previously been assigned to the genus Chrysophrys, formerly as Chrysophrys unicolor and more latterly as C. auratus (Paulin 1990). Paulin (1990) determined Pagrus to be the senior synonym of Chrysophrys, and re-described C. auratus as Pagrus auratus. In addition, he concluded that the species known as red sea bream in Japan, i.e. Pagrus major, was a conspecific and should also be re-described as P. auratus. Researchers in Japan, however, have not adopted this taxonomy (Jackson 2007)." 191694,Allotoca catarinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allotoca,catarinae,,,,,"(de Buen, 1942)","A first collection of the Catarina Allotoca from the Presa Santa Catarina by Hobart M. Smith in 1936 was examined by Carl Hubbs and Clarence Turner, but placed within Neoophorus (now Allotoca) diazi (Hubbs and Turner, 1939). A few years later in 1941, the Spanish ichthyologist Fernando de Buén Lozano examined individuals collected by fishermen from the Estación Limnológica de Pátzcuaro, also from the Presa Santa Catarina. He recognised differences to diazi and saw the necessity to give this population subspecies level (De Buén, 1942). Finally, a decade later, the Mexican ichthyologist José Álvarez del Villar gave it full species rank (Àlvarez del Villar, 1959). Affiliated to its occurence in only one river system, no subpopulations are distinguished." 199671,Dichotomyctere erythrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Dichotomyctere,erythrotaenia,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 47102577,Aspronema cochabambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Aspronema,cochabambae,,,,,"(Dunn, 1935)", 47102592,Aspronema dorsivittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Aspronema,dorsivittatum,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 47102618,Brasiliscincus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brasiliscincus,agilis,,,,,"(Raddi, 1823)", 47102646,Brasiliscincus heathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brasiliscincus,heathi,,,,,"(Schmidt & Inger, 1951)", 47102720,Copeoglossum arajara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Copeoglossum,arajara,,,,,"(Reboucas-Spieker, 1981)", 47102745,Copeoglossum margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Copeoglossum,margaritae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47102757,Copeoglossum nigropunctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Copeoglossum,nigropunctatum,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)","Hedges and Conn (2012) discussed the taxonomic history of this widespread species complex, and, on the basis of their results and those of Miralles and Carranza (2010), erected three new species to encompass Caribbean populations. One of these, Copeoglossum aurae, was also found to occur on Peninsula de Paria in Venezuela; unpublished data suggests this species ranges more widely in northeastern Venezuela (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2018). These authors note that taxonomic issues remain within the mainland South American skinks presently included within C. nigropunctatum, but recommended continued use of this name pending a full revision." 47102795,Exila nigropalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Exila,nigropalmata,,,,,"(Andersson, 1918)", 47102814,Mabuya cochonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,cochonae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012","Based on morphological analysis Hedges and Conn (2012) removed Mabuya dominicana from synonymy with M. mabouia (which they restricted to Martinique) and recognized six additional new species from within this complex, four of which (M. desiradae, M. guadeloupae, M. grandisterrae and M. cochonae) they assigned to the ""M. guadeloupae species group"" based on morphological differences between taxa from the Guadeloupe archipelago and those elsewhere. Subsequently, Hedges et al. (2016) included material of M. desiradae in both morphological and molecular analyses, the results of which led to Hedges et al. (2016) recognizing a population from Iles de la Petite Terre as a separate species, M. parviterrae, specifically distinct from M. desiradae from La Désirade.

Unfortunately most of these taxa are now either extinct or extremely rare, and as such the sample sizes used to distinguish these species were very small (five or fewer specimens for every member of the M. guadeloupae group), which A. Miralles (pers. comm. 2018) suggests is not sufficient to obtain statistically meaningful results.. This data limitation, along with the discovery of an additional related population from Iles des Saintes (Angin and Gomès 2015, Gomès and Ibéné 2015) has led to subsequent disagreements about the systematics of this group:  Miralles et al. (2017) proposed recognizing a single species for the archipelago (for which they selected the name M. desiradae), including M. parviterrae and the three taxa for which molecular data were not available: M. cochonae, M. grandisterrae and M. guadeloupae, a scheme subsequently rejected by Hedges et al. (2019).

These accounts follow the multispecies taxonomy presented by Hedges and Conn (2012), Hedges et al. (2016) and Hedges et al. (2019) but recognize that an accurate resolution of the taxonomy of this group may never be possible." 47102826,Mabuya desiradae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,desiradae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012","Based on morphological analysis Hedges and Conn (2012) removed Mabuya dominicana from synonymy with M. mabouia (which they restricted to Martinique) and recognized six additional new species from within this complex, four of which (M. desiradae, M. guadeloupae, M. grandisterrae and M. cochonae) they assigned to the ""M. guadeloupae species group"" based on morphological differences between taxa from the Guadeloupe archipelago and those elsewhere. Subsequently, Hedges et al. (2016) included material of M. desiradae in both morphological and molecular analyses, the results of which led to Hedges et al. (2016) recognizing a population from Iles de la Petite Terre as a separate species, M. parviterrae, specifically distinct from M. desiradae from La Désirade.

Unfortunately most of these taxa are now either extinct or extremely rare, and as such the sample sizes used to distinguish these species were very small (five or fewer specimens for every member of the M. guadeloupae group), which A. Miralles (pers. comm. 2018) suggests is not sufficient to obtain statistically meaningful results.. This data limitation, along with the discovery of an additional related population from Iles des Saintes (Angin and Gomès 2015, Gomès and Ibéné 2015) has led to subsequent disagreements about the systematics of this group:  Miralles et al. (2017) proposed recognizing a single species for the archipelago (for which they selected the name M. desiradae), including M. parviterrae and the three taxa for which molecular data were not available: M. cochonae, M. grandisterrae and M. guadeloupae, a scheme subsequently rejected by Hedges et al. (2019).

These accounts follow the multispecies taxonomy presented by Hedges and Conn (2012), Hedges et al. (2016) and Hedges et al. (2019) but recognize that an accurate resolution of the taxonomy of this group may never be possible." 47102845,Mabuya grandisterrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,grandisterrae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012","Based on morphological analysis Hedges and Conn (2012) removed Mabuya dominicana from synonymy with M. mabouia (which they restricted to Martinique) and recognized six additional new species from within this complex, four of which (M. desiradae, M. guadeloupae, M. grandisterrae and M. cochonae) they assigned to the ""M. guadeloupae species group"" based on morphological differences between taxa from the Guadeloupe archipelago and those elsewhere. Subsequently, Hedges et al. (2016) included material of M. desiradae in both morphological and molecular analyses, the results of which led to Hedges et al. (2016) recognizing a population from Iles de la Petite Terre as a separate species, M. parviterrae, specifically distinct from M. desiradae from La Désirade.

Unfortunately most of these taxa are now either extinct or extremely rare, and as such the sample sizes used to distinguish these species were very small (five or fewer specimens for every member of the M. guadeloupae group), which A. Miralles (pers. comm. 2018) suggests is not sufficient to obtain statistically meaningful results.. This data limitation, along with the discovery of an additional related population from Iles des Saintes (Angin and Gomès 2015, Gomès and Ibéné 2015) has led to subsequent disagreements about the systematics of this group:  Miralles et al. (2017) proposed recognizing a single species for the archipelago (for which they selected the name M. desiradae), including M. parviterrae and the three taxa for which molecular data were not available: M. cochonae, M. grandisterrae and M. guadeloupae, a scheme subsequently rejected by Hedges et al. (2019).

These accounts follow the multispecies taxonomy presented by Hedges and Conn (2012), Hedges et al. (2016) and Hedges et al. (2019) but recognize that an accurate resolution of the taxonomy of this group may never be possible." 47102857,Mabuya guadeloupae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,guadeloupae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012","Based on morphological analysis Hedges and Conn (2012) removed Mabuya dominicana from synonymy with M. mabouia (which they restricted to Martinique) and recognized six additional new species from within this complex, four of which (M. desiradae, M. guadeloupae, M. grandisterrae and M. cochonae) they assigned to the ""M. guadeloupae species group"" based on morphological differences between taxa from the Guadeloupe archipelago and those elsewhere. Subsequently, Hedges et al. (2016) included material of M. desiradae in both morphological and molecular analyses, the results of which led to Hedges et al. (2016) recognizing a population from Iles de la Petite Terre as a separate species, M. parviterrae, specifically distinct from M. desiradae from La Désirade.

Unfortunately most of these taxa are now either extinct or extremely rare, and as such the sample sizes used to distinguish these species were very small (five or fewer specimens for every member of the M. guadeloupae group), which A. Miralles (pers. comm. 2018) suggests is not sufficient to obtain statistically meaningful results.. This data limitation, along with the discovery of an additional related population from Iles des Saintes (Angin and Gomès 2015, Gomès and Ibéné 2015) has led to subsequent disagreements about the systematics of this group:  Miralles et al. (2017) proposed recognizing a single species for the archipelago (for which they selected the name M. desiradae), including M. parviterrae and the three taxa for which molecular data were not available: M. cochonae, M. grandisterrae and M. guadeloupae, a scheme subsequently rejected by Hedges et al. (2019).

These accounts follow the multispecies taxonomy presented by Hedges and Conn (2012), Hedges et al. (2016) and Hedges et al. (2019) but recognize that an accurate resolution of the taxonomy of this group may never be possible." 47102918,Manciola guaporicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Manciola,guaporicola,,,,,"(Dunn, 1935)", 47102942,Maracaiba meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Maracaiba,meridensis,,,,,"(Miralles, Rivas & Schargel, 2005)", 47102955,Maracaiba zuliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Maracaiba,zuliae,,,,,"(Miralles, Rivas, Bonillo, Schargel, Barros, García-Perez & Barrio-Amorós, 2009)", 47102996,Notomabuya frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Notomabuya,frenata,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 47103019,Orosaura nebulosylvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Orosaura,nebulosylvestris,,,,,"(Miralles, Rivas, Bonillo, Schargel, Barros, García-Perez & Barrio-Amorós, 2009)", 47103060,Panopa croizati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panopa,croizati,,,,,"(Horton, 1973)", 47103082,Psychosaura agmosticha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Psychosaura,agmosticha,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 2000)", 47103095,Psychosaura macrorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Psychosaura,macrorhyncha,,,,,"(Hoge, 1946)", 47103145,Spondylurus culebrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,culebrae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012","This species was described based on a large series of historical specimens previously assigned to Spondylurus semitaeniatus, itself treated as a junior synonym of S. sloanii until revalidated by Hedges and Conn (2012)." 47103224,Spondylurus magnacruzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,magnacruzae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012","Skinks from the Virgin Islands have had a confused taxonomic history since the 18th century, and have mostly been treated as Mabuya sloanii (=Spondylurus sloanii), or sometimes M. mabouia or M. semitaeniatus (=S. semitaeniatus) (Hedges and Conn 2012). In their revision of Caribbean skinks, Hedges and Conn (2012) determined that historical material from St. Croix variously treated as belonging to M. sloanii or M. mabouya represented a previously unknown large skink, which they named Spondylurus magnacruzae." 47103248,Spondylurus monae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,monae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012","This species was described based on a large series of historical specimens which, since the first collection in 1894, have been assigned to four different species, most recently Mabuya (now Spondylurus) sloanii (Hedges and Conn 2012)." 47103260,Spondylurus monitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,monitae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47103272,Spondylurus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,nitidus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)","Mabuya nitidus was removed from long synonymy with Mabuya sloanii by Hedges and Conn (2012), who redescribed this species and assigned it to Spondylurus. S. nitidus, which was at the time known only from historical material, was not included in these authors' genetic analysis, however molecular work has since confirmed its specific validity (S.B. Hedges, unpubl. data). The identity of a presumably extinct skink from Vieques is unknown, as several species are now known to occur in Puerto Rico (Hedges and Conn 2012). It may have been a population of S. nitidus or S. culebrae (or even the Virgin Islands endemic S. sloanii) (Hedges and Conn 2012), however the possibility also exists that the report referred to a species endemic to Vieques (Hedges and Conn 2012). A reference to mabuyine skinks being ""relatively common"" on Vieques (Rivero 1998), is thought likely to be in error, as no specimens exist or have been reported in extensive recent surveys, and mabuyine skinks were unknown to the island's inhabitants in 1931 (Hedges and Conn 2012). Genetic research is needed to clarify the appropriate taxonomic status of populations from islands off Puerto Rico (Hedges and Conn 2012)." 47103294,Spondylurus semitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,semitaeniatus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1837)","This species was previously included within the synonymy of Spondylurus sloanii (Hedges and Conn 2012). The exact definition of S. semitaeniatus has been a source of some historical confusion, due in part to an unspecific type locality ""America"" and in part to taxonomic actions to synonymize or recognize it taken without reference to the original material (Hedges and Conn 2012).  Grant (1932) associated this taxon with Mona and Culebra (both in Puerto Rico), however the revision by Hedges and Conn (2012) identified these islands as being represented by two Spondylurus species, neither conspecific with the type of S. semitaeniatus. These authors found instead that the holotype corresponds with a species which is widespread in the Virgin Islands. Hedges and Conn (2012) fixed St. Thomas as the type locality." 47103310,Spondylurus sloanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,sloanii,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","The somewhat complicated taxonomic history of this species is discussed in detail by Hedges and Conn (2012). In recent usage this species has been considered to be a widespread skink occurring on most of the Virgin Islands, along with Culebra and Mona in Puerto Rico (the latter, along with some Virgin Island records, under the presumed synonym Mabuya semitaeniatus) (Hedges and Conn 2012). These authors reviewed the taxonomy of Caribbean skinks and determined that M. (=Spondylurus) semitaeniatus is a valid species surviving mainly on smaller islands in the British Virgin Islands, and that the Puerto Rican populations are specifically distinct from both this taxon and S. sloanii. Molecular results suggest that S. sloanii and S. semitaeniatus are not especially closely-related (Hedges and Conn 2012). Hedges and Conn (2012) note that further material is required to better-characterize S. sloanii and to determine whether the widespread island populations all represent the same species." 47103328,Spondylurus spilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,spilonotus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1837)","Euprepes spilonotus was described based on two specimens, one from the ""West Indes"" and one without locality data (Hedges and Conn 2012). For most of the following two centuries this name was thought to apply to a taxon from Jamaica, and subsequently treated as a junior synonym of Mabuya (now Spondylurus) sloanii (Hedges and Conn 2012). In their revision of Caribbean skinks, Hedges and Conn (2012) determined that the holotype was distinct from the Jamaican species (now S. fulgidus) and was instead conspecific with S. sloanii material from St. Thomas and St. John in the US Virgin Islands. This material was itself found to represent a species distinct from S. sloanii, and Hedges and Conn (2012) therefore erected the combination Spondylurus spilonotus and restricted the type locality to ""St. Thomas or St. John""." 178620,Varzea bistriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Varzea,bistriata,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 47113507,Asthenodipsas tropidonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Asthenodipsas,tropidonotus,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1923)","Grossmann and Tillack (2003) synonymized Asthenodipsas tropidonotus, described from Sumatra, within A. vertebralis on morphological grounds. Molecular data subsequently confirmed that the Sumatran population is genetically distinct from mainland A. vertebralis, and Loredo et al. (2013) consequently removed A. tropidonotus from synonymy with A. vertebralis and identified morphological diagnostic features. This action restricted A. vertebralis to the Malay Peninsula, and the identity of records of this species from Kalimantan is consequently in need of clarification." 47113738,Lycodon semicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,semicarinatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)", 47144426,Tylototriton notialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,notialis,,,,,"Stuart, Phimmachak, Sivongxay & Robichaud, 2010", 47144899,Tylototriton ziegleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,ziegleri,,,,,"Nishikawa, Matsui & Nguyen, 2013", 47151057,Leptobrachium rakhinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,rakhinensis,,,,,"Wogan, 2012", 47151540,Leptobrachium waysepuntiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,waysepuntiense,,,,,"Hamidy & Matsui, 2010", 47152093,Leptobrachella aerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,aerea,,,,,"(Rowley, Stuart, Richards, Phimmachak & Sivongxay, 2010)", 136075,Feihyla samkosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Feihyla,samkosensis,,,,,"(Grismer, Neang, Chav & Holden, 2007)", 61890,Gracixalus supercornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,supercornutus,,,,,"(Orlov, Ho & Nguyen, 2004)", 59461,Laotriton laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Laotriton,laoensis,,,,,"(Stuart & Papenfuss, 2002)", 57575,Leptobrachella sungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,sungi,,,,,"(Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 1998)", 47154209,Lygisaurus abscondita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,abscondita,,,,,"(Worthington-Wilmer, Couper, Amey, Zug & Roberts, 2005)", 47154386,Lygisaurus aeratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,aeratus,,,,,"(Garman, 1901)", 47154429,Lygisaurus foliorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,foliorum,,,,,"De Vis, 1884", 47154605,Lygisaurus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,laevis,,,,,"(Oudemans, 1894)", 47155029,Lygisaurus malleolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,malleolus,,,,,"(Roberts, Couper, Worthington-Wilmer, Amey & Zug, 2005)", 47155058,Lygisaurus parrhasius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,parrhasius,,,,,"(Couper, Covacevich & Lethbridge, 1994)", 47155146,Lygisaurus rococo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,rococo,,,,,"Ingram & Covacevich, 1988", 47155189,Lygisaurus tanneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,tanneri,,,,,"Ingram & Covacevich, 1988", 47155294,Bellatorias major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Bellatorias,major,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 47155317,Bellatorias obiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Bellatorias,obiri,,,,,"(Wells & Wellington, 1985)", 15457,Oreochromis esculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,esculentus,,,,,"(Graham, 1928)", 15458,Oreochromis variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,variabilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 60304,Enteromius pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,pellegrini,,,,,"(Poll, 1939)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus pellegrini in Enteromius." 60308,Nothobranchius korthausae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,korthausae,,,,,"Meinken, 1973","

Nothobranchius korthausae was established as a species by Meinken in 1973, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. The species was known to occur only in Mafia Island until 2000, when several populations showing close similarities in male colouration to N. korthausae were found in coastal mainland. These latter populations were described by Costa (2009) as N. ruudwildekampi, restricting the distribution of N. korthausae again to the originally defined Mafia Island. 

" 60318,Labeo victorianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,victorianus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 60328,Nothobranchius eggersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,eggersi,,,,,"Seegers, 1982","

Nothobranchius eggersi was established as a species by Seegers in 1982, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60336,Nothobranchius luekei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,luekei,,,,,"Seegers, 1984","

Nothobranchius luekei was established as a species by Seegers in 1984, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60345,Gnathonemus longibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Gnathonemus,longibarbis,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1888)", 141974769,Nothobranchius rubripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,rubripinnis,,,,,"Seegers, 1986","Nothobranchius rubripinnis was established as a species by Seegers in 1986, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. Populations from the Mbwemkuru River in south-eastern Tanzania were initially proposed to belong to N. rubripinnis but subsequent studies showed it to be a distinct species that was described as N. cardinalis by Watters, Cooper & Wildekamp in 2008." 60348,Nothobranchius foerschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,foerschi,,,,,"Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979","

The first record of this species was when it was found as part of an import to Germany in 1957 and was referred to as N. species Dar es Salaam or erroneously as N. palmqvisti Dar es Salaam. Nothobranchius foerschi was established as a species by Wildekamp and Berkenkamp in 1979, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.


" 60350,Pollimyrus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,nigricans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)",Also reported as Marcusenius nigricans (antiquated binomen) (Seegers et al. 2003). 60357,Hippopotamyrus grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,grahami,,,,,"(Norman, 1928)",Also reported as Marcusenius grahami (antiquated binomen) (Seegers et al. 2003). 60365,Marcusenius victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,victoriae,,,,,"(Worthington, 1929)","Also reported as Gnathonemus victoriae (old binomen) (Seegers et al. 2003). Marcusenius rheni (Fowler, 1936) is considered to most likely be a junior synonym of Marcusenius victoriae (Worthington, 1929) according to Seegers et al. (2003) (see also Greenwood 1966), but this still needs to be formally confirmed." 60368,Nothobranchius janpapi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,janpapi,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1977","

Nothobranchius janpapi was established as a species by Wildekamp in 1977, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60380,Xenoclarias eupogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Xenoclarias,eupogon,,,,,"(Norman, 1928)",Also reported as Clarias eupogon (antiquated binomen). 60382,Nothobranchius flammicomantis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,flammicomantis,,,,,"Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 1998","

Nothobranchius flammicomantis was established as a species by Wildekamp, Watters and Sainthouse in 1998, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60385,Schilbe mystus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,mystus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species has been commonly referred to as Schilbe (Eutropius) niloticus. As indicated above, morphological examination of the holotype of Silurus mystus Linneaus, 1758 (De Vos & Skelton, 1990) indicates that that specimen and S. (E.) niloticus (Rüppell, 1829) belong to the same species. As a result the older name, S. mystus is the correct replacement name for S. niloticus. Cited by Bishai and Khalil (1997) as Schilbe (Schilbe) mytus (Linnaeus, 1758)." 60386,Platypanchax modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Platypanchax,modestus,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1914)","Previously also reported as Hypsopanchax deprimozi Pellegrin, 1928, a junior synonym." 60404,Opsaridium tweddleorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,tweddleorum,,,,,"Skelton, 1996", 60413,Enteromius choloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,choloensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1925)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus but is now valid in the genus Enteromius (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)" 60414,Enteromius bifrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,bifrenatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1935)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus but is now valid in the genus Enteromius (Eschmeyer et al. 2018).
Enteromius bifrenatus may represent a species complex. Specimens from Upper Zambezi have a complete midlateral stripe, whereas specimens from northern headwater tributaries of the Zambezi, the Kafue system and northern Lake malawi streams have a series of spots, varying in intensity between populations." 60415,Enteromius atkinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,atkinsoni,,,,,"(Bailey, 1969)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus but is now valid in the genus Enteromius (Eschmeyer et al. 2018) 60416,Enteromius arcislongae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,arcislongae,,,,,"(Keilhack, 1908)","Enteromius arcislongae is currently considered endemic to Lake Malawi catchment, but it is very closely related to, and probably synonymous with the widespread southern African E. unitaeniatus. It differs only in having three midlateral spots instead of a midlateral stripe. The anterior two spots are faint and sometimes absent in large specimens. In some E. unitaeniatus populations elsewhere in the Zambezi sysem three faint spots can also be seen in some specimens. All other characters and habits are the same in both species. Genetic study is needed to confirm the synonymy. " 60422,Aplocheilichthys centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,centralis,,,,,"Seegers, 1996", 60423,Aplocheilichthys fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,fuelleborni,,,,,"Ahl, 1924", 60426,Aplocheilichthys vitschumbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,vitschumbaensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1924", 60427,Aplocheilichthys bukobanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,bukobanus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)",Further studies of the syntypes of Aplocheilichthys atripinna (Pfeffer 1896) may reveal that A. bukobanus is a junior synonym of A. atripinna (Wildekamp 1995). 60428,Laciris pelagica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Laciris,pelagica,,,,,"(Worthington, 1932)","Also reported as Haplochilichthys pelagicus and Aplocheilichthys pelagicus (antiquated binomina).

The generic name was subsequently disclosed as feminine. Ref. Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences Publication, vol. 1: 1-958 (species A-L), vol. 2: 959-1820 (species M-Z), vol. 3: 1821-2805 (genera, species and genera in classification, bibliography). Laciris: Sys/genus as feminine gender. This has meant that the species name has changed from Laciris pelagicus to Laciris pelagica." 60430,Nothobranchius palmqvisti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,palmqvisti,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1907)","

Fundulus palmqvisti was established as a species by Lönnberg in 1907. The species name was sometimes spelled erroneously as N. palmquisti. The exact identity of the species was not well defined and populations belonging to this species were called as N. sp. Tansania, whereas N. palmqvisti was used for the current species N. foerschi. Wildekamp and Berkenkamp (1979) clarified the situation, when they described the population that had been erroneously called N. palmqvisti as a new species N. foerschi and referred the population that was called N. species Tansania as the true N. palmqvisti.

" 60431,Nothobranchius bojiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,bojiensis,,,,,"Wildekamp & Haas, 1992","Nothobranchius bojiensis was established as a species by Wildekamp and Haas in 1992, and that status has since been accepted by all authors." 60432,Nothobranchius interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,interruptus,,,,,"Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979","

Nothobranchius jubbi interruptus was established as a subspecies by Wildekamp & Berkenkamp in 1979. Seegers (1981) proposed Nothobranchius interruptus as a valid species, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 88026701,Nothobranchius neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,neumanni,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1905)","

Fundulus neumanni was established as a species by Hilgendorf in 1905, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. Ahl (1924) assigned the species into the genus Nothobranchius. The type locality was established based on a reconstruction of Neumann’s 1893–1895 expedition route by Wildekamp and Berkenkamp (1979) and Nothobranchius neumanni was redescribed by Wildekamp in 1990.

Various populations regarded as N. aff. neumanni in Seegers (1997) and Wildekamp (2004) were subsequently described as distinct species: N. seegersi by Valdesalici & Kardashev (2011), and N. usanguensis, N. sagittae and N. serengetiensis by Wildekamp et al. (2014). 

" 60438,Nothobranchius microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,microlepis,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1897)","

Fundulus microlepis was established as a species by Vinciguerra in 1897, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. Myers assigned the species into the genus Nothobranchius in 1933. Wildekamp and Haas (1992) assigned N. microlepis into the subgenus Paranothobranchius, until Costa (2018) assigned it to the newly created subgenus Cynobranchius.

" 60439,Nothobranchius jubbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,jubbi,,,,,"Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979","

Nothobranchius jubbi jubbi was established as a subspecies by Wildekamp & Berkenkamp in 1979. Seegers (1981) regarded Nothobranchius jubbi as valid species and that status has since been accepted by all authors. Nothobranchius cyaneus was established as a species by Seegers (1981) but it was regarded as junior synonym of N. jubbi by Wildekamp in 1986, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60440,Nothobranchius patrizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,patrizii,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1927)","

Nothobranchius patrizii was established as a species by Vinciguerra in 1927, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60441,Nothobranchius willerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,willerti,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1992","

Nothobranchius willerti was established as a species by Wildekamp in 1992, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60442,Nothobranchius elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,elongatus,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1982","

Nothobranchius elongatus was established as a species by Wildekamp in 1982, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 60447,Marcusenius livingstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,livingstonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","Tweddle and Willoughby (1982) synonymised the Lake Malawi species M. nyasensis (Worthington, 1933) with M. livingstonii from the Rovuma River. This was based on the overlap of key characters, with the two key character differences used by Worthington (1933) shown to be invalid.Two specimens were collected by Tweddle and Willoughby (1982) from Lake Chilwa streams, i.e. the headwaters of the Rovuma River. These authors did, however, caution that only the small holotype of M. livingstonii was available from the type locality for examination and that ""Further collecting from the Ruvuma system is needed for confirmation"". The synonomy of the Malawi and Rovuma species therefore needs to be verified using modern methods of electrical organ discharge and genetics." 60457,Astatoreochromis alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatoreochromis,alluaudi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1904", 60626,Oreochromis chungruruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,chungruruensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 60627,Oreochromis leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,leucostictus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1933)",Also reported as Tilapia leucosticta (antiquated name). 185822,Haplochromis sp. nov. 'Blue Rockpicker',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,sp. nov. 'Blue Rockpicker',,,,,,"The species was described under the name Haplochromis cyaneus by Seehausen, Bouton & Zwennes. According to Eschmeyer this name is not valid. Trewavas used that name to describe a cichlid from Lake Malawi. Haplochromis cyaneus Trewavas, 1935 is not valid any more and the valid name for that species is now Copadichromis cyaneus (Trewavas, 1935). However, this was the species described by Seehausen, Bouton & Zwennes, thus it has no valid name at the moment.

It is a medium sized species with a steep, moderately convex dorsal head profile, small mouth, forcep like dentition and a conspicuous melanin pattern of longitudinal stripes and vertical bars. There is pronounced sexual dimorphism in colouration and head length.

Most probably in the near future the species will get assigned a valid name." 60726,Mormyrus caschive,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,caschive,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 60727,Mormyrus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,macrocephalus,,,,,"Worthington, 1929", 60729,Labeobarbus alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,alluaudi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)","Banister (1972, 1973) reports this species as a possible hybrid between Barbus somereni and Varicorhinus ruwenzorii." 60730,Labeobarbus huloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,huloti,,,,,Banister 1976,"The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus huloti in Labeobarbus." 60733,Labeobarbus ruwenzorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,ruwenzorii,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 60740,Bagrus bajad,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,bajad,,,,,Fabricius 1775, 60748,Brycinus jacksonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,jacksonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","Reports of Alestes nurse (Rüppell, 1832) from Lake Victoria are a misidentification of this species (Seegers et al. 2003)." 60749,Brycinus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,lateralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","This species varies over its range and the taxonomic status of different populations, e.g. several isolated populations in east coast rivers, need to be investigated. For example, the species found in the Lower Shire is a much smaller species, none so far sampled exceeding 4 cm SL, and is very rare, whereas in the Upper Zambezi the species is widespread and abundant and reaches >10 cm SL. The Ruo River population has an intense black midlateral stripe in life and is a much larger species than that found in the Lower Shire. Lower Zambezi, Buzi and South African populations are also small and isolated." 84354975,Amphilius jacksonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,jacksonii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912","The Amphilius jacksonii complex was revised by Thomson et al. (2015). This revision resulted in the description of five new Amphilius species and a new taxonomic concept for A. jacksonii Boulenger, 1912." 60758,Brycinus sadleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,sadleri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","This species has also been reported from Lake Victoria as Alestes nurse (Rüppell, 1832), which was a misidentification (Seegers et al. 2003).
According to Paugy (1986) Brycinus sadleri belongs to 'Brycinus longipinnis'-group. All members of this group should be placed in the genus Bryconalestes (Zanata and Vari 2005)." 60771,Clarias alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,alluaudi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","This species is extremely closely related to Clarias werneri, but both should be considered as valid species (Teugels 1986). It is doubtfully distinguished from Clarias werneri according to Seegers et al. (2003)." 60778,Clarias werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,werneri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","This species is extremely closely related to Clarias alluaudi, but both should be considered as valid species (Teugels 1986). It is doubtfully distinguished from Clarias alluaudi according to Seegers et al. (2003)." 60789,Phyllonemus filinemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Phyllonemus,filinemus,,,,,"Worthington & Ricardo, 1937", 60790,Phyllonemus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Phyllonemus,typus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 60803,Tropheops romandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,romandi,,,,,"Colombé, 1979", 60806,Synodontis afrofischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,afrofischeri,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1888",Dubious records of Synodontis afrofischeri from the Tana and Athi Rivers are thought to be based on misidentifications of S. serpentis (Seegers et al. 2003). Specimens collected by Stuhlmann from the Kingani River (=Ruvu River) are different from S. afrofischeri and have been described as S. orientalis (Seegers 2008). 60812,Synodontis macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,macrops,,,,,"Greenwood, 1963", 60816,Synodontis nigrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,nigrita,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840",Taxonomic uncertainty exists. 60820,Synodontis ruandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,ruandae,,,,,"Matthes, 1959","

The taxonomic status of Synodontis ruandae needs investigation; sometimes doubtfully distinct from the closely related Synodontis victoriae Boulenger, 1906 from Lake Victoria and Malagarasi basin (De Vos et al. 2001).

" 60823,Synodontis victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,victoriae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906",Records of Synodontis victoriae from the Tana River are probably misidentifications and probably refer to S. zanzibaricus (Seegers et al. 2003). 60825,Pareutropius longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Pareutropius,longifilis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1914)", 60832,Microctenopoma damasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,damasi,,,,,"(Poll & Damas, 1939)", 60835,Lates macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Worthington, 1929",Taxonomic distinction is probably not obvious when compared with Lates niloticus. 60847,Haplochromis tweddlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,tweddlei,,,,,"(Jackson, 1985)","According to the Catalog of Fishes, this species is placed in the genus Haplochromis, but should, according to expert opinion, be listed with the other small riverine haplochromines in the region in the genus Astatotilapia.
Astatotilapia tweddlei is currently the subject of taxonomic research, together with other closely related species in this genus in East African rivers. Until these issues are resolved, A. tweddlei is regarded as a species endemic to Lake Chilwa and Chiuta and their catchments, likely extending downstream through the Ruvuma system." 60860,Copadichromis borleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,borleyi,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)", 60864,Copadichromis atripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,atripinnis,,,,,"Stauffer & Sato, 2002","It is diagnosed primarily by the solid black pigmentation of the pelvic fins, the black anal fin, and the broad black bands on the caudal fin." 60865,Copadichromis geertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,geertsi,,,,,"Konings, 1999", 60866,Copadichromis ilesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,ilesi,,,,,"Konings, 1999",Further research may identify this species as Copadichromis sp. nov. 'Virginalis Kajose'. 60868,Copadichromis jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,jacksoni,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)", 60875,Copadichromis trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,trewavasae,,,,,"Konings, 1999", 60877,Copadichromis verduyni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,verduyni,,,,,"Konings, 1990", 60878,Mchenga thinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mchenga,thinos,,,,,"(Stauffer, Lovullo & McKaye, 1993)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006." 60882,Alticorpus macrocleithrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Alticorpus,macrocleithrum,,,,,"Stauffer & McKaye, 1985", 60883,Alticorpus profundicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Alticorpus,profundicola,,,,,"Stauffer & McKaye, 1988", 60895,Dimidiochromis strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dimidiochromis,strigatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60900,Cyathochromis obliquidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyathochromis,obliquidens,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60906,Diplotaxodon aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,aeneus,,,,,"Turner & Stauffer, 1998", 60912,Exochochromis anagenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Exochochromis,anagenys,,,,,"(Oliver, 1989)", 60915,Docimodus evelynae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Docimodus,evelynae,,,,,"Eccles & Lewis, 1976", 60916,Fossorochromis rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Fossorochromis,rostratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 60918,Hemitilapia oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemitilapia,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 60933,Genyochromis mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Genyochromis,mento,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60934,Gephyrochromis moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gephyrochromis,moorii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 60935,Gephyrochromis lawsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gephyrochromis,lawsi,,,,,"Fryer, 1957", 60938,Cynotilapia afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cynotilapia,afra,,,,,"(Günther,1894)", 60939,Cynotilapia axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cynotilapia,axelrodi,,,,,"Burgess, 1976", 60940,Cynotilapia zebroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cynotilapia,zebroides,,,,,"(Johnson, 1975)", 60945,Iodotropheus stuartgranti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Iodotropheus,stuartgranti,,,,,"Konings, 1990", 60946,Trematocranus labifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocranus,labifer,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)",This species has never been identified in the field. 60961,Petrotilapia nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,nigra,,,,,"Marsh, 1983", 60963,Petrotilapia chrysos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,chrysos,,,,,"Stauffer & van Snik, 1996", 60965,Sciaenochromis ahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sciaenochromis,ahli,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60967,Sciaenochromis fryeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sciaenochromis,fryeri,,,,,"Konings, 1993", 60968,Mylochromis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,gracilis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mylochromis Regan, 1920." 60969,Sciaenochromis psammophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sciaenochromis,psammophilus,,,,,"Konings, 1993", 60971,Rhamphochromis brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rhamphochromis,brevis,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935",This species previously appeared on the Red List as a synonym of Rhamphochromis woodi but is now considered a valid species (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 60973,Rhamphochromis ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rhamphochromis,ferox,,,,,"Regan, 1922",Taxonomic uncertainty in identification. 61000,Otopharynx lithobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,lithobates,,,,,"Oliver, 1989", 61001,Otopharynx ovatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,ovatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61028,Copadichromis cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,cyaneus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61029,Copadichromis likomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,likomae,,,,,"(Iles,1960)", 61030,Copadichromis nkatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,nkatae,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)", 61046,Lethrinops macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Boulenger,1908)", 61055,Aulonocara aquilonium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,aquilonium,,,,,"Konings, 1995", 61056,Aulonocara auditor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,auditor,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61058,Aulonocara brevinidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,brevinidus,,,,,"Konings, 1995", 61061,Aulonocara gertrudae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,gertrudae,,,,,"Konings, 1995", 61064,Aulonocara hueseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,hueseri,,,,,"Meyer, Riehl & Zetzsche, 1987", 61065,Aulonocara jacobfreibergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,jacobfreibergi,,,,,"(Johnson, 1974)", 61066,Aulonocara korneliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,korneliae,,,,,"Meyer, Riehl & Zetzsche, 1987", 61071,Aulonocara saulosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,saulosi,,,,,"Meyer, Riehl & Zetzsche, 1987", 61089,Protomelas virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,virgatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61091,Labidochromis chisumulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,chisumulae,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61092,Labidochromis flavigulis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,flavigulis,,,,,"Lewis,1982", 61093,Labidochromis freibergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,freibergi,,,,,"Johnson, 1974", 61094,Labidochromis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,gigas,,,,,"Lewis,1982", 61095,Labidochromis heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,heterodon,,,,,"Lewis,1982",Labidochromis heterodon is possibly a junior synonym of Labidochromis mathothoi. The latter is described from types collected at an unknown locality. 61096,Labidochromis ianthinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,ianthinus,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61097,Labidochromis lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,lividus,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61099,Labidochromis mathotho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,mathotho,,,,,"Burgess & Axelrod, 1976","This species was described by Burgess and Axelrod from an unspecified locality. However, especially for ""mbuna"", it is important to specify localities when identifying species. The holotype of this species closely resembles subadults of Labidochromis gigas Lewis 1982. This observation has yet to be proved (Konings 1990).

This species has previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under the spelling of mathotho and mathothoi (following Konings 2016). It is now considered valid under the spelling mathotho as per the original description (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 61100,Labidochromis mbenjii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,mbenjii,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61101,Labidochromis mylodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,mylodon,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61102,Labidochromis pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,pallidus,,,,,"Lewis,1982", 61104,Labidochromis strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,strigatus,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61106,Labidochromis vellicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,vellicans,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 135682612,Melanochromis baliodigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,baliodigma,,,,,"Bowers & Stauffer, 1997", 61114,Melanochromis dialeptos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,dialeptos,,,,,"Bowers & Stauffer, 1997", 61116,Melanochromis heterochromis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,heterochromis,,,,,"Bowers & Stauffer, 1993",Regarded as a junior synonym of M. vermivorus by Konings (1995). 61117,Pseudotropheus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,interruptus,,,,,"(Johnson, 1975)", 61119,Pseudotropheus johannii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,johannii,,,,,"Eccles, 1973","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 61122,Melanochromis loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,loriae,,,,,"Johnson, 1975", 61126,Pseudotropheus perileucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,perileucos,,,,,"(Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 61131,Metriaclima aurora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,aurora,,,,,"(Burgess, 1976)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61134,Metriaclima callainos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,callainos,,,,,"(Stauffer & Hert, 1992)","It differs from other individuals in the genus (except for M. benetos) in that individuals have a pale blue ground colour with the absence of distinct black vertical bars. The females of M. callainos are either light blue or white, while females of M. benetos are brown with green highlights.

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61135,Metriaclima chrysomallos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,chrysomallos,,,,,"Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997","The continuation of the vertical bars on the side of the fish into the dorsal fin separates this species from M. zebra. The gold highlights on the light blue ground colouration distinguish this species from M. melanobranchion (Stauffer et al. 1997).

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61139,Metriaclima emmiltos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,emmiltos,,,,,"Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997","This species was known previously by the cheironym Pseudotropheus zebra sp. 'red dorsal' Konings, 1990: 454 (in part). The red dorsal fin, in combination with black bars on a blue ground colour (BB), distinguish this form from all other members of the genus except for M. prysonotos and M. sandaracinos which also have red dorsal fins. Metriaclima emmiltos differs from M. prysonotos in that its vertical black lateral does not reach the proximal portion of the dorsal fin and it generally has fewer teeth in the outer row of the left lower jaw (mode of nine) compared to 10–12 for M. sandaracinos.

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61140,Metriaclima estherae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,estherae,,,,,"(Konings, 1995)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61143,Metriaclima hajomaylandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,hajomaylandi,,,,,"(Meyer & Schartl, 1984)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61144,Chindongo heteropictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,heteropictus,,,,,"(Staeck, 1980)","In the original description the type locality was indicated as Thumbi West Island, Lake Malawi but no forms resembling the paratype have been observed or collected at the type locality. The scientific name was applied erroneously to a large species from Thumbi West Island given the cheironym Pseudotropheussp. 'black dorsal heteropictus' (Konings 1995).

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia Meyer & Förster, 1984 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61146,Metriaclima lombardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,lombardoi,,,,,"(Burgess, 1977)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61147,Metriaclima mbenjii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,mbenjii,,,,,"Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997","Previously known by the cheironym Pseudotropheus sp. 'zebra mbenji' (Konings 1990: 452). Its pale blue ground colouration with very faint vertical bars in conjunction with a red dorsal fin separates this species from all other species in the genus except for M. greshaki. However it differs from M. greshaki in some of the morphometric measurements (i.e., snout length, the distance between the posterior anal-fin insertion and the dorsal caudal-fin insertion and the caudal fin length) as well as meristics (i.e., the number of teeth rows in the upper jaw, number of scale rows on the cheek as well as the number of teeth rows on the lower jaw).

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61149,Metriaclima phaeos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,phaeos,,,,,"Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997","This species superficcially resembles M. zebra but the dusky submarginal band in the dorsal fin of this species distingiushes it from all blue black (BB) barred members of the genus.

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61156,Tropheops gracilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,gracilior,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61160,Tropheops tropheops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,tropheops,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61169,Chindongo longior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,longior,,,,,"(Seegers, 1996)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61174,Pseudotropheus purpuratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,purpuratus,,,,,"Johnson, 1976",Known previously by the cheironym Pseudotrpoheus sp. 'Aggressive Blue'. 61178,Pseudotropheus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,williamsi,,,,,"Günther, 1894", 61181,Micropanchax hutereaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,hutereaui,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)","The recent acquisition by SAIAB of fresh specimens of M. hutereaui from the northern Congo shows that the species here referred to as M. hutereaui is a separate taxon needing taxonomic study, in agreement with comments by Wildekamp (1995).

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Aplocheilichthys but is now considered valid in the genus Micropanchax (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 131804766,Nothobranchius orthonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,orthonotus,,,,,"(Peters, 1844)","

Cypronodon orthonotus was established as a species by Peters in 1844, based on specimens collected near Quelimane in Mozambique. Subsequently, Peters (1855) listed the same species under the name Hydrargyra maculata, without any explanation, thus the name became a nomen nudum. Günther (1866) assigned the species into another genus as Fundulus orthonotus. Finally, Peters (1868) assigned the species into a newly erected genus Nothobranchius.

Fundulus kuhntae has been described from Portuguese East Africa, presently Mozambique, by Ahl in 1926. This name is regarded as synonym of N. orthonotus in Wildekamp 2004, which is confirmed by Costa (2018), stating that the exact type locality of N. kuhntae is unknown, and the examination of type material of N. orthonotus and N. kuhntae did not provide any morphological evidence that they are different species.

Adiniops troemneri was described based on aquarium material from East Africa by Myers in 1926. Later, Myers (1933) recognized it as synonym of N. orthonotus.

Nothobranchius mayeri was described based on specimens from Portuguese East Africa by Ahl in 1935. Scheel (1968) proposed this name as a probable synonym of N. orthonotus, whereas Seegers (1981) suggested it as a probable synonym of N. kuhntae. Wildekamp et al. (1986) suggest it is a synonym of N. orthonotus, whereas Costa (2018) suggests the probability of N. mayeri as a valid species, differing from N. orthonotus by a different dentition, as revealed through examination of type specimens.

" 61187,Mastacembelus shiranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,shiranus,,,,,"Günther, 1896",Vreven (accepted) placed the African genera Caecomastecembelus and Aethiomastacembelus in synonymy with Mastacembelus. 61202,Mchenga flavimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mchenga,flavimanus,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006." 61218,Nothobranchius annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,annectens,,,,,"Watters, Wildekamp & Cooper, 1998","Nothobranchius annectens was established as a species by Watters, Wildekamp and Cooper in 1998, and that status has since been accepted by all authors." 61220,Nothobranchius kilomberoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,kilomberoensis,,,,,"Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 2002","

Nothobranchius kilomberoensis was established as a species by Wildekamp, Watters and Sainthouse in 2002, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 61221,Nothobranchius steinforti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,steinforti,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1977","

Nothobranchius steinforti was established as a species by Wildekamp in 1977, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 61232,Labeobarbus platystomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,platystomus,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1914)",The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain (De Vos et al. 2001). 61233,Enteromius innocens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,innocens,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1896)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus innocens in Enteromius." 61245,Chiloglanis somereni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,somereni,,,,,"Whitehead, 1958", 61247,Barbus microbarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,microbarbis,,,,,"David & Poll, 1937","Barbus microbarbis is doubtful as valid species. It is possibly a hybrid of a Barbus species and a Varicorhinus species (Banister 1973, De Vos and Thys van den Audenaerde 1990, De Vos et al. 1990, De Vos et al. 2001)." 61252,Marcusenius macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,macrolepidotus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","Formerly considered a widespread species, the name M. macrolepidotus is now restricted to the species found in the Middle and Lower Zambezi river system and the Buzi system to the south of the Zambezi (Kramer et al. 2007). Specimens from the Rovuma River were considered intermediate between M. macrolepidotus and M. devosi from the Tana River in Kenya and may represent another taxon. This taxon may include the species from Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta, headwaters of the Zambezi. Specimens from Lake Malawi are potentially either M. macrolepidotus or the Rovuma taxon." 61254,Labeobarbus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,intermedius,,,,,"(Rüppel, 1835)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) moved Barbus intermedius to Labeobarbus.

Banister (1973) assumed that the year of publication of B. intermedius was 1837, Lévêque and Daget (1986) however gave the year 1835 as publication date. In fact Rüppel published the first description of the species in separates, which are dated 1835 on the title page as was reported by Banister (1973: 47). Therefore, in agreement with articles 21 (b) and (h) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985), the year 1835 is the correct date of Rüppels's publication (see Seegers et al., unpublished). The taxonomic status of the Kenyan populations is not yet fully settled. Previously recorded under the synonymous names Barbus gregorii Boulenger, 1902, B. plagiostomus Boulenger, 1902 and B. erlangeri Boulenger, 1903 (Seegers et al., unpublished). According to Skorepa (1992) the distinction of two subspecies [B. intermedius intermedius Rüppell, 1835), widely distributed throughout southern Ethiopia and Northern Kenya and B. intermedius australis Banister, 1973 only occurring in the Barino drainage] as proposed by Banister (1973) is unjustified. Consequently the subspecific nomenclature is not applied here, Banisters subspecies 'B.' intermedius australis is in fact a junior synonym of 'B.' gregorii and the correct name for the Baringo subspecies should have been 'B.' intermedius gregorii (see Seegers et al., unpublished). Since, Lévêque and Daget (1984), important changes in the synonyms of 'B.' intermedius were made by Nagelkerke and Sibbing (1997)." 61257,Rastrineobola argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rastrineobola,argentea,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)",Also recorded as Engraulicypris argenteus (old name) (Seegers et al. 2003). 61268,Nothobranchius albimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,albimarginatus,,,,,"Watters, Wildekamp & Cooper, 1998","Nothobranchius albimarginatus was established as a species by Watters, Wildekamp and Cooper in 1998, and that status has since been accepted by all authors." 61269,Enteromius toppini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,toppini,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)","The status of the northern Ewaso Nyiro subpopulation is uncertain (Seegers et al. unpublished).  As presently recognised, it is a widespread species. However, there is geographical variation and it is perhaps a species complex. Therefore, taxonomic study is needed." 61276,Oreochromis lidole,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,lidole,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1941)","Breeding males of O. lidole are jet black, with a white dorsal fin margin. Oreochromis lidole has the typical dark grey colour of its species, with long jaws and big, square operculum. Unlike the other two species, there is little geographical variation in morphology in O. lidole." 167664496,Neobola fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Neobola,fluviatilis,,,,,(Whitehead 1962),Neobola fluviatilis was thought to occur in several rivers in Kenya (Whitehead 1962). Recent work restrict N. fluviatilis to the Athi River (Bart et al. 2019). 61284,Nothobranchius guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,guentheri,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)","

Fundulus guentheri was established as a species by Pfeffer in 1893. Ahl assigned the species into the genus Nothobranchius in 1924. For long time, the name Nothobranchius guentheri was frequently used for other populations that are regarded today as N. melanospilus, until Wildekamp (1981) clarified the distribution of the species, limiting its range to Unguja Island of the Zanzibar archipelago in eastern Tanzania.

" 61286,Nothobranchius fuscotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,fuscotaeniatus,,,,,"Seegers, 1997","

Nothobranchius fuscotaeniatus was established as a species by Seegers in 1997, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 61287,Enteromius zanzibaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,zanzibaricus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus but is now valid in the genus Enteromius (Eschmeyer et al. 2018) 61288,Nothobranchius lourensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,lourensi,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1977","

Nothobranchius lourensi was established as a species by Wildekamp in 1977, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 61294,Clariallabes petricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clariallabes,petricola,,,,,"Greenwood, 1956", 61296,Nothobranchius geminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,geminus,,,,,"Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 2002","

Nothobranchius geminus was established as a species by Wildekamp, Watters and Sainthouse in 2002, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 61306,Labeobarbus ruandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,ruandae,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1914)",The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain (De Vos et al. 2001). 61309,Enteromius lineomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lineomaculatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","A number of different spotted Barbus species have historically been misidentified as Barbus lineomaculatus. Until a thorough check has been made of the museum collections on which the distribution map is based, it must be recognised that the map contains inaccuracies. It must be noted that Enteromius lineomaculatus formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) it has been changed to Enteromius (Skelton 2016)." 135618361,Nothobranchius kirki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,kirki,,,,,"Jubb, 1969", 47255219,Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,pellucidum,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)",Hyalinobatrachium lemur was synonymized under Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum by Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2009). 47137303,Archosargus pourtalesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Archosargus,pourtalesii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)", 47251998,Gnorimus baborensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Gnorimus,baborensis,,,,,"Bedel, 1919","This species is also known as Aleurostictus baborensis (Bedel, 1919) (Tauzin 2004)." 47261976,Ampedus adlbaueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,adlbaueri,,,,,"Schimmel, 1990", 47262016,Ampedus camillae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,camillae,,,,,"Platia, 2011", 47262019,Ampedus cretensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,cretensis,,,,,"Platia, 2004", 47262058,Ampedus lubricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,lubricus,,,,,"(Buysson, 1891)", 47262061,Ampedus maroccanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,maroccanus,,,,,"Schimmel, Platia & Martin, 1992", 47262077,Ampedus melonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,melonii,,,,,"Platia, 2011", 47262130,Ampedus meybohmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,meybohmi,,,,,"Zeising & Brunne, 2003", 47262539,Ampedus ottomerkli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,ottomerkli,,,,,"Platia & Nemeth, 2011", 47262541,Ampedus phoenicium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,phoenicium,,,,,"Platia, 2001", 47262555,Ampedus rifensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,rifensis,,,,,"Platia, 2008", 47262580,Ampedus schoettlei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,schoettlei,,,,,"Zeising & Brunne, 2003", 47262600,Ampedus tingitanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,tingitanus,,,,,"Wurst, 1995 ", 47262622,Ampedus vignai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,vignai,,,,,"Guglielmi & Platia, 1985", 47263179,Brachygonus frater,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Brachygonus,frater,,,,,"Wurst, 1995 ", 47263187,Brachygonus gunnurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Brachygonus,gunnurae,,,,,"Platia, 2011", 47263189,Brachygonus hadullanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Brachygonus,hadullanus,,,,,"Wurst, 1995 ", 47263191,Brachygonus ruficepsoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Brachygonus,ruficepsoides,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 2002", 47263254,Elater asmodaius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Elater,asmodaius,,,,,"Wurst, 1994", 47263256,Elater tauricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Elater,tauricus,,,,,"(Schwarz, 1897)", 47263271,Lacon ammanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,ammanensis,,,,,"Platia, 2010", 47263350,Lacon candezei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,candezei,,,,,"(Desbrochers des Loges, 1875)", 47263352,Lacon carmelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,carmelensis,,,,,"Platia, 2010", 47263354,Lacon delagrangei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,delagrangei,,,,,"(Buysson, 1891)", 47263356,Lacon drusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,drusa,,,,,"(Marseul, 1870)", 47263362,Lacon lithophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,lithophilus,,,,,"(Candèze, 1857)", 47263369,Lacon solai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Lacon,solai,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 2000", 47264133,Melanotus cuneiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Melanotus,cuneiformis,,,,,"(Baudi, 1871)", 47264405,Melanotus sulcicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Melanotus,sulcicollis,,,,,"(Mulsant & Guillebeau, 1855)", 47265114,Podeonius subcyaneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Podeonius,subcyaneus,,,,,"(Kiesenwetter, 1858)", 47265158,Procraerus levantinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Procraerus,levantinus,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 2007", 47265341,Aulacochilus chevrolati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Aulacochilus,chevrolati,,,,,"Lucas, 1846","= A. algerinus Bedel, 1867.This species is, strangely, not cited in the world catalog of Erotylidae of Chûjô & Chûjô (1989) nor Fauna Europaea. It only appear in the catalog of palaeartic coleoptera (Wegrzynowicz et al. 2007)." 47265439,Triplax akbesiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,akbesiana,,,,,"Escalera, 1925","

The original description is Triplax syriaca Escalera, 1925

The name have been changed by De la Escalera few months after because T. syriaca was preoccupyed by a different species described by Pic in 1908.

 

" 47265487,Triplax atripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,atripennis,,,,,Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1975 , 47265560,Triplax paganetti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,paganetti,,,,,"Obenberger, 1914 ", 47265595,Triplax subcylindrica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,subcylindrica,,,,,"Reitter, 1895", 47265785,Esarcus abeillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,abeillei,,,,,"(Ancey, 1870)", 47265787,Esarcus baudii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,baudii,,,,,"Seidlitz, 1889", 47265789,Esarcus besucheti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,besucheti,,,,,"Dajoz, 1964 ", 47265791,Esarcus fiorii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,fiorii,,,,,"Reitter, 1887 ", 47265794,Esarcus franzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,franzi,,,,,"Dajoz, 1964 ", 47265813,Esarcus inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,inexpectatus,,,,,"Dajoz, 1964", 47265828,Esarcus iolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,iolensis,,,,,"Peyerimhoff, 1917", 47265836,Esarcus leprieuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,leprieuri,,,,,"Reiche, 1864", 47265840,Esarcus martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,martini,,,,,"Reitter, 1887 ", 47266130,Litargus leprieuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Litargus,leprieuri,,,,,"Pic, 1901",Kocher (1956) considered this species as a subspecies of Litargus connexus Geoffroy. This statement was not followed by subsequent authors. 3036,Bradypus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,BRADYPODIDAE,Bradypus,torquatus,,,,,"Illiger, 1811","

Three genetically distinct subpopulations of this species occur in the Brazilian states of Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro (Moraes-Barros et al. 2002, 2006, Lara-Ruiz et al. 2008). The northern (in southern Bahia and Sergipe) and southern subpopulations (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro) should be considered distinct evolutionary units (Lara-Ruiz et al. 2008, Schetino et al. 2017), although indistinguishable from the others in external morphology (A. Chiarello pers. comm. 2010). A recently published study (Miranda et al. 2022) proposes to split the species into Bradypus torquatus (Bahia and Sergipe) and Bradypus crinitus (Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santos).

The maned sloth was occasionally classified as a subgenus of Bradypus or placed in his own genus, Scaeopus (Hayssern, 2009; Wetzel and Ávila-Pires, 1980) due to its morphological distinctiveness. A growing number of molecular studies supports this differentiation (Gibb et al. 2016, Schetino et al. 2017, Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2020), but additional studies are needed to confirm this.

" 3037,Bradypus tridactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,BRADYPODIDAE,Bradypus,tridactylus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 3038,Bradypus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,BRADYPODIDAE,Bradypus,variegatus,,,,,"Schinz, 1825","

According to Gardner (2007) seven subspecies are recognized: B. v. boliviensis (Gray, 1871); B.v. brasiliensis Blainville, 1840; B.v. ephippiger R.A. Philippi, 1870; B.v. gorgon O. Thomas, 1926; B.v. infuscatus Wagler, 1831; B.v. trivittatus Cornalia, 1849; and B.v. variegates Schinz, 1825. However, a revision of the taxonomic rearrangement of B. variegatus is needed (Silva et al. 2018). For instance, a recent mitochondrial DNA study proposed that the morphological subspecies B. variegatus boliviensis is invalid and Bolivian specimens belong to B. variegatus infuscatus (Ruiz-García et al. 2020). 

" 3412,Cabassous centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Cabassous,centralis,,,,,"(Miller, 1899)","The wide range of C. centralis might be obscuring the presence of locally distributed forms that may constitute separate species." 3413,Cabassous chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Cabassous,chacoensis,,,,,"Wetzel, 1980","Cabassous chacoensis was described by Wetzel in 1980." 3414,Cabassous tatouay,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Cabassous,tatouay,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)","Due to the overlapping range of different Cabassous species and the description of C. chacoensis only 30 years ago (Wetzel 1980), it is possible that many specimens (especially historical records) of this genus are erroneously classified. The exact distribution and its conservation status therefore need to be revised once the taxonomic status of these species is clear and all specimens can be correctly classified." 3415,Cabassous unicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Cabassous,unicinctus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","It is possible that this taxon may comprise more than one species, with the northern and southern populations representing separate species (E. Cuéllar pers. comm. 2004). Two subspecies have been recognized (Wetzel 1980)." 4369,Chaetophractus villosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Chaetophractus,villosus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)", 4703,Calyptophractus retusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Calyptophractus,retusus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1863)","Several synonyms are still commonly used for Calyptophractus Fitzinger, 1871 (Gardner 2007): Chlamyphorus Burmeister 1863; Burmeisteria Gray 1865 (this genus name was preoccupied by Burmeisteria Salter, 1865, a trilobite, and is therefore incorrect). Classification in the genus Calyptophractus is supported by molecular data showing substantial divergence from Chlamyphorus truncatus (Delsuc et al. 2012).

Two subspecies have been described (Yepes 1939)." 4704,Chlamyphorus truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Chlamyphorus,truncatus,,,,,"Harlan, 1825",Three subspecies have been described (Yepes 1932). 4777,Choloepus didactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,MEGALONYCHIDAE,Choloepus,didactylus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 4778,Choloepus hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,MEGALONYCHIDAE,Choloepus,hoffmanni,,,,,"W. Peters, 1858","Five subspecies are recognized by Gardner and Naples (2007). Molecular analysis (mitochondrial DNA) indicates a deep divergence between individuals from northern (C. h. hoffmanni) and southern (C. h. juruanus and C. h. pallescens) populations. It also supports the differentiation of three analyzed subspecies (Moraes-Barros and Arteaga 2015). Further research including representatives of all described subspecies is needed to establish whether there are taxonomic differences between the two disjunct populations." 6019,Cyclopes didactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,CYCLOPEDIDAE,Cyclopes,didactylus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are seven subspecies of Cyclopes didactylus (Gardner 2007)." 6288,Dasypus hybridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,DASYPODIDAE,Dasypus,hybridus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)", 6289,Dasypus kappleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,DASYPODIDAE,Dasypus,kappleri,,,,,"Krauss, 1862",Two subspecies are described (Wilson and Reeder 2005). 6290,Dasypus novemcinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,DASYPODIDAE,Dasypus,novemcinctus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Six subspecies are recognized by Gardner (2007). 6291,Dasypus pilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,DASYPODIDAE,Dasypus,pilosus,,,,,"(Fitzinger, 1856)","This species was originally described as Cryptophractus pilosus Fitzinger, 1856 (Gardner 2007)." 6292,Dasypus sabanicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,DASYPODIDAE,Dasypus,sabanicola,,,,,"Mondolfi, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species should be verified through genetic and morphological analyses. 6293,Dasypus septemcinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,DASYPODIDAE,Dasypus,septemcinctus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 8306,Euphractus sexcinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Euphractus,sexcinctus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Five subspecies are recognized (Gardner 2007). 14224,Myrmecophaga tridactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,MYRMECOPHAGIDAE,Myrmecophaga,tridactyla,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Three subspecies are recognized by Gardner (2007). 18144,Priodontes maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Priodontes,maximus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 21349,Tamandua mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,MYRMECOPHAGIDAE,Tamandua,mexicana,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)","Wetzel (1982) recognizes five subspecies of T. mexicana. It is likely that further taxonomic work is needed for this species." 21350,Tamandua tetradactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,MYRMECOPHAGIDAE,Tamandua,tetradactyla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are four subspecies of T. tetradactyla (Gardner 2007)." 21974,Tolypeutes matacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Tolypeutes,matacus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)", 21975,Tolypeutes tricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Tolypeutes,tricinctus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 23178,Zaedyus pichiy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Zaedyus,pichiy,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1804)","Two subspecies are described but require confirmation: Z. p. pichiy and Z. p. caurinus (Gardner 2007)." 61924,Dasypus yepesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,DASYPODIDAE,Dasypus,yepesi,,,,,"Vizcaíno, 1995","

Dasypus yepesi has been named by Vizcaíno (1995) and includes specimens previously assigned to Dasypus mazzai, D. hybridus, D. septemcinctus and D. novemcinctus. Morphological and genetic studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of this species.

" 61925,Bradypus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PILOSA,BRADYPODIDAE,Bradypus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Anderson & Handley, 2001","Bradypus pygmaeus has only recently been described by Anderson and Handley (2001) as a separate species." 190075,Eustomias acinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,acinosus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190146,Stemonosudis intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,intermedia,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)", 190159,Diaphus adenomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,adenomus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 190184,Photonectes achirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,achirus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190207,Lophotus lacepede,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,LOPHOTIDAE,Lophotus,lacepede,,,,,"Giorna, 1809",This species is also reported as Lophotus lacepedei (Quignard and Tomasini 2000). 190216,Laemonema goodebeanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Laemonema,goodebeanorum,,,,,"Meléndez C. & Markle, 1997","This species is commonly confused with Laemonema barbatulum, particularly when small. This introduces uncertainty in assessing the distribution and habitat utilization of L. goodebeanorum (S. Ross pers. comm. 2018)." 190305,Eustomias hypopsilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,hypopsilus,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 190353,Aristostomias tittmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Aristostomias,tittmanni,,,,,"Welsh, 1923", 190364,Poecilopsetta beanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,beanii,,,,,"(Goode, 1881)", 190376,Photonectes phyllopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,phyllopogon,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190465,Eustomias polyaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,polyaster,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 190477,Symbolophorus rufinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,rufinus,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 198628,Microstoma microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Microstoma,microstoma,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 18256726,Eustomias braueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,braueri,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1911", 18257309,Melanostomias valdiviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,valdiviae,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 47140113,Cathorops wayuu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Cathorops,wayuu,,,,,"Betancur-R., Acero P. & Marceniuk, 2012", 47140142,Menidia clarkhubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,clarkhubbsi,,,,,"Echelle & Mosier, 1982","

This species is of hybrid origin (Echelle and Mosier 1982, McEachran and Fechhelm 1998).

" 47140942,Chasmodes bosquianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Chasmodes,bosquianus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)", 47141089,Hypleurochilus geminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,geminatus,,,,,"(Wood, 1825)", 47141104,Hypleurochilus pseudoaequipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypleurochilus,pseudoaequipinnis,,,,,"Bath, 1994", 47141177,Hypsoblennius exstochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Hypsoblennius,exstochilus,,,,,"Böhlke, 1959", 47143512,Epigonus pectinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,pectinifer,,,,,"Mayer, 1974", 47143570,Elacatinus rubrigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,rubrigenis,,,,,"Victor, 2010",Some workers consider the correct genus of this species to be Tigrigobius. The genus Tigrigobius is currently defined as not monophyletic and will at some point be divided into two or more genera (J. Van Tassell pers. comm. 2015). 47143593,Antilligobius nikkiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Antilligobius,nikkiae,,,,,"Van Tassell & Colin, 2012", 47143643,Elacatinus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,panamensis,,,,,"Victor, 2010",Elacatinus panamensis is distinguished by marginal meristic counts that are very similar to E. rubrigenis and E. multifasciatus (Victor 2010). Some workers consider the correct genus of this species to be Tigrigobius. The genus Tigrigobius is currently defined as not monophyletic and will at some point be divided into two or more genera (J. Van Tassell pers. comm. 2015). 47143653,Hyporhamphus collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,collettei,,,,,"Banford, 2010",Previously considered conspecific with Hyporhamphus unifasciatus. 47145180,Psenes maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Psenes,maculatus,,,,,"Lütken, 1880", 47145226,Ogcocephalus vespertilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,vespertilio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Further taxonomic work is needed on western Atlantic members of this family. 47145520,Neobythites multiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,multiocellatus,,,,,"Nielsen, Uiblein & Mincarone, 2009","Neobythites ocellatus was recently split into two species based on differences in color patterns, which resulted in the naming of a new species (Neobythites multiocellatus) and restricted the distribution of N. ocellatus to Brazil between 233-641m depth (Nielsen et al. 2009)." 47145548,Opistognathus megalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,megalepis,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1972", 47145580,Opistognathus melachasme,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,melachasme,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1972", 47145611,Opistognathus leprocarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,leprocarus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1997", 47145645,Urophycis cirrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,PHYCIDAE,Urophycis,cirrata,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)","Species in the genus Urophycis are difficult to identify, and therefore, determining the limits of individual species' distributions can be problematic. For example, Lemes et al. (2016) questions the presence of this species in the South Atlantic (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina)." 47149690,Hypoplectrus castroaguirrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,castroaguirrei,,,,,"Del Moral Flores, Tello-Musi & Martínez-Pérez, 2012","

There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them.

" 47149703,Hypoplectrus maculiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,maculiferus,,,,,"Poey, 1871","

This species is possibly a synonym of Hypoplectrus aberrans (Heemstra et al. 2002). There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them. Due to its rarity, and the similarity of its color pattern to that of the common species H. aberrans (the only difference is that H. aberrans lacks a strong tail-base blotch), H. maculiferus may be a color variant of the latter (Robertson and Van Tassell 2015).

" 47149713,Jeboehlkia gladifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Jeboehlkia,gladifer,,,,,"Robins, 1967", 47149747,Serranus maytagi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,maytagi,,,,,"Robins & Starck, 1961", 47149866,Hypoplectrus ecosur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,ecosur,,,,,"Victor, 2012","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 47149869,Hypoplectrus floridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,floridae,,,,,"Victor, 2012","There is an ongoing discussion on the validity of the hamlets as biological species (Domeier 1994). Hamlet ""species"" are defined primarily on differences in color patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them." 47149895,Symphysanodon octoactinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SYMPHYSANODONTIDAE,Symphysanodon,octoactinus,,,,,"Anderson, 1970", 47150056,Bryx dunckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bryx,dunckeri,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)", 47150210,Bryx randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bryx,randalli,,,,,"(Herald, 1965)", 47150446,Cosmocampus hildebrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,hildebrandi,,,,,"(Herald, 1965)", 47150568,Minyichthys inusitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Minyichthys,inusitatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1983", 47150895,Penetopteryx nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Penetopteryx,nanus,,,,,"(Rosén, 1911)", 47153711,Syngnathus caribbaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,caribbaeus,,,,,"Dawson, 1979", 47153728,Syngnathus dawsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,dawsoni,,,,,"(Herald, 1969)", 47153773,Syngnathus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,fuscus,,,,,"Storer, 1839", 47153782,Syngnathus makaxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,makaxi,,,,,"Herald & Dawson, 1972", 47153791,Syngnathus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,springeri,,,,,"Herald, 1942", 47153800,Astroscopus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Astroscopus,guttatus,,,,,"Abbott, 1860", 47164914,Astronesthes similus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,similus,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47164926,Coccorella atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Coccorella,atlantica,,,,,"(Parr, 1928)", 47165067,Diaphus luetkeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,luetkeni,,,,,"(Brauer, 1904)", 47165099,Eustomias arborifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,arborifer,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47165104,Eustomias bibulbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bibulbosus,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47165158,Eustomias bigelowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bigelowi,,,,,"Welsh, 1923", 47165292,Eustomias binghami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,binghami,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47165302,Eustomias brevibarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,brevibarbatus,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47165317,Eustomias longibarba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,longibarba,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47165333,Eustomias macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47165363,Eustomias macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,macrurus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 47165366,Eustomias micraster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,micraster,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 47165387,Eustomias variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,variabilis,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 47165398,Eustomias xenobolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,xenobolus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 47165457,Melanostomias margaritifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,margaritifer,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 47165472,Photonectes parvimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,parvimanus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 47165490,Photostomias goodyeari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photostomias,goodyeari,,,,,"Kenaley & Hartel, 2005", 47165538,Sudis atrox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Sudis,atrox,,,,,"Rofen, 1963", 47259883,Haptoclinus dropi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Haptoclinus,dropi,,,,,"Baldwin & Robertson, 2013", 67009871,Brookesia minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,minima,,,,,"Boettger, 1893",A number of new Brookesia were described from the north-west of Madagascar which were formerly attributed to B. minima (Glaw et al. 2012). The known range of B. minima is therefore smaller than previously reported.
 42687277,Brookesia tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,tristis,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, Townsend & Vences, 2012",This species was previously referred to as Brookesia sp. Montagne des Francais and Brookesia sp. nov. 176315,Trioceros hoehnelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,hoehnelii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)","

This species was originally named as a distinct species before being reduced to the subspecies, Trioceros bitaeniatus Fischer, 1884 by Werner (1911). Rand (1963) revised the complicated systematics of the bitaeniatus group and elevated T. hoehnelii to a full species once again, while several other taxa from the bitaeniatus group became junior synonyms under T. hoehnelii (Chamaeleon leikipiensis Steindachner 1891, Chamaeleon bitaeniatus bergeri Sternfeld 1912, Chamaeleon bitaeniatus alteelgonis Loveridge 1935).  At present T. hoehnelii (Steindachner, 1891) is considered monotypic (Klaver and Bohme 1986, Spawls et al. 2004, Tilbury 2010) although some authors have recognised T. hoehnelii altaeelgonis as a valid taxon (Mertens 1966, Necas 1999). In addition, there are several areas of potential disjunction in the distribution of this species, which could lead to isolation of populations. The Mt. Elgon population is apparently genetically distinct, but the level of this divergence has not been established (Stipala 2014). Therefore, the species should be investigated in a phylogenetic context.

" 176317,Trioceros laterispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,laterispinis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)","There is some uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of the presumed Southern Highlands population of this species. It was originally considered a sub-species (Trioceros laterispinis brookesiaformis) but was later synonymised (Böhme 1987). There is only one specimen from the Southern Highlands, and its actual collection locality (Kibau Iyayi) is not certain. The existence of this population significantly affects this species' extent of occurrence and both its occurrence in this area and taxonomic status needs to be verified." 176815,Trioceros ituriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,ituriensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1919)",Accepted as Trioceros ituriensis (Tilbury 2010). A new record from Kibale forest in Uganda shows that a population may exist on the eastern side of the high Rwenzori Mountains. This population should be investigated in a phylogenetic context. 176321,Rhampholeon marshalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,marshalli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","Once formerly considered as a subspecies R. marshalli marshalli Broadley, 1971, but phylogenetic studies confirm that this taxon is a separate species (Matthee et al. 2004)." 176323,Rhampholeon spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,spinosus,,,,,"(Matschie, 1892)", 47685177,Aulopareia unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Aulopareia,unicolor,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 47686544,Gobiodon micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,micropus,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 47686971,Parachaeturichthys polynema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parachaeturichthys,polynema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 47687060,Vanderhorstia mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanderhorstia,mertensi,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1974", 47260774,Clerus mutillaeformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Clerus,mutillaeformis,,,,,"Reitter, 1895", 47260954,Enoplium doderoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Enoplium,doderoi,,,,,"Luigioni, 1926", 47261129,Korynetes pusillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Korynetes,pusillus,,,,,"Klug, 1842",There haven’t been taxonomic changes at least since 1911. 47261141,Opilo abeillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Opilo,abeillei,,,,,"Korge, 1960", 47261215,Opilo orocastaneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Opilo,orocastaneus,,,,,"Zappi & Pantaleoni, 2010",There have not been taxonomic changes at least since 2010. 47261617,Tillus ibericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Tillus,ibericus,,,,,"Bahillo de la Puebla et al., 2003",There have not been taxonomic changes at least since 2003. 47266702,Diodesma denticincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Diodesma,denticincta,,,,,"Abeille de Perrin, 1899", 47266720,Pycnomerus italicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Pycnomerus,italicus,,,,,"Ganglbauer, 1899", 47266875,Tarphius besucheti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,besucheti,,,,,"Español, 1961", 47266877,Tarphius gibbulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,gibbulus,,,,,"Erichson, 1845", 47691366,Ephippiger camillae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,camillae,,,,,"Fontana & Massa, 2000", 47691451,Ephippiger carlottae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,carlottae,,,,,"Fontana & Odé, 2003", 47691497,Ephippiger cavannai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,cavannai,,,,,"(Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881)", 47691650,Ephippiger perforatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,perforatus,,,,,"(Rossius, 1790)", 47261798,Cucujus tulliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CUCUJIDAE,Cucujus,tulliae,,,,,"Bonacci et al., 2012","

Cucujus tulliae is clearly related to the cinnaberinus–haematodes species group, its distribution seems to be restricted to the mountains of Calabrian peninsula.The closest taxon could be C. haematodes, from which it can easily be distinguished by the less prominent postgenae, the arrow head shaped prosternal apophysis, the smaller and less spiny pronotum, the typical median lobe of the aedeagus and the larval morphology, that is apparently unique because of its slender body and occipital furrows (Bonacci et. al. 2012).

" 47691854,Ephippiger ruffoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,ruffoi,,,,,"Galvagni, 1955", 47692210,Ephippiger zelleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,zelleri,,,,,"(Fischer, 1853)", 47265597,Lucanus busignyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Lucanus,busignyi,,,,,"(Planet, 1909)", 47692483,Uromenus annae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Uromenus,annae,,,,,"(Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881)", 47693371,Uromenus siculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Uromenus,siculus,,,,,"(Kollar, 1853)", 47173723,Anaglyptus croesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Anaglyptus,croesus,,,,,"Pesarini & Sabbadini, 1997", 47693655,Petaloptila clauseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,clauseri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1991)", 47173806,Anatolobrium eggeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Anatolobrium,eggeri,,,,,"Adlbauer, 2004", 47173811,Callidium libani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Callidium,libani,,,,,"Sama & Rapuzzi, 2002", 47173813,Callidium syriacum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Callidium,syriacum,,,,,"Pic, 1892", 47173815,Callimus akbesianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Callimus,akbesianus,,,,,"Pic, 1892", 47173821,Chlorophorus dinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,dinae,,,,,"Rapuzzi & Sama, 1999", 47693952,Petaloptila sbordonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,sbordonii,,,,,"(Baccetti, 1979)","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain as it might be a synonym of Petaloptila andreinii, which is also present in the same cave." 47173828,Chlorophorus gratiosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,gratiosus,,,,,"(Marseul, 1868)","This species appears to have two different subspecies; C. gratiosus gratiosus (Syria, Lebanon, Israel) and C. gratiosus sparsus (Turkey)." 47173830,Chlorophorus nivipictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,nivipictus,,,,,"(Kraatz, 1879)", 47173832,Chlorophorus pelletieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,pelletieri,,,,,"(Laporte & Gory, 1836)", 47173834,Chlorophorus rigenbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,rigenbachi,,,,,"Sama, 2004", 47173837,Chlorophorus yachovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,yachovi,,,,,"Sama, 1996", 47176379,Clytus ambigenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,ambigenus,,,,,"Chevrolat, 1882", 47176386,Clytus ciliciensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,ciliciensis,,,,,"(Chevrolat, 1863)", 47176394,Clytus kabateki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,kabateki,,,,,"Sama, 1998", 47176398,Clytus madoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,madoni,,,,,"Pic, 1891", 47176415,Clytus taurusiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,taurusiensis,,,,,"(Pic, 1903)", 47245823,Glaphyra tenuitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Glaphyra,tenuitarsis,,,,,"Holzschuh, 1981", 47251469,Isotomus syriacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Isotomus,syriacus,,,,,"(Pic, 1902)", 47251479,Leioderes tuerki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Leioderes,tuerki,,,,,"(Ganglbauer, 1886)", 47251579,Molorchus juglandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Molorchus,juglandis,,,,,"Sama, 1982", 47251685,Neomarius gandolphii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Neomarius,gandolphii,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1872", 47251794,Poecilium gudenzii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Poecilium,gudenzii,,,,,"Sama, 1987","Originally condidered a subspecies of the North African population Poecilium glabratum (Charpentier), but is now considered a seperate species." 47251802,Poecilium kasnaki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Poecilium,kasnaki,,,,,"Sama, 2011", 47251824,Procallimus distinctipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Procallimus,distinctipes,,,,,"(Pic, 1906)", 47251834,Pseudomyrmecion ramalinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pseudomyrmecion,ramalinum,,,,,"Bedel, 1885", 47251842,Purpuricenus barbarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Purpuricenus,barbarus,,,,,"Lucas, 1842", 47251872,Purpuricenus nigronotatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Purpuricenus,nigronotatus,,,,,"Pic, 1907", 47695514,Petaloptila andreinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,andreinii,,,,,"Capra, 1937", 47251905,Ropalopus eleonorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Ropalopus,eleonorae,,,,,"Sama & Rapuzzi, 2002", 47251918,Semanotus algiricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Semanotus,algiricus,,,,,"Pic, 1905","Some authors (Bense 1995) treat this species as a subspecies of Semanotus russicus (Fabricius, 1777)." 47251943,Trichoferus ilicis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Trichoferus,ilicis,,,,,"Sama, 1987", 47695668,Gryllotalpa octodecim,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,octodecim,,,,,"Baccetti & Capra, 1978",The taxonomic status of this species requires further investigation. 47251945,Trichoferus kotschyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Trichoferus,kotschyi,,,,,"(Ganglbauer, 1883)", 47696009,Gryllotalpa quindecim,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,quindecim,,,,,"Baccetti & Capra, 1978", 47696088,Gryllotalpa sedecim,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,sedecim,,,,,"Baccetti & Capra, 1978", 47696165,Gryllotalpa viginti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,viginti,,,,,"Baccetti & Capra, 1978", 47173218,Ogmoderes angusticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BOTHRIDERIDAE,Ogmoderes,angusticollis,,,,,"(Brisout de Barneville, 1861)", 47696294,Gryllotalpa vigintiunum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,vigintiunum,,,,,"Baccetti, 1991", 47261957,Calicnemis latreillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYNASTIDAE,Calicnemis,latreillei,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1832)", 47696467,Acinipe galvagnii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,galvagnii,,,,,"Cusimano & Massa, 1977", 47696546,Pamphagus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Pamphagus,marmoratus,,,,,"Burmeister, 1838", 47696611,Pamphagus ortolaniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Pamphagus,ortolaniae,,,,,"Cusimano & Massa, 1977", 47266486,Tetratoma tedaldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TETRATOMIDAE,Tetratoma,tedaldi,,,,,"Reitter, 1887", 47266531,Thymalus punicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Thymalus,punicus,,,,,"Franz, 1981",Currently its species status needs revision because often considered as a synonym of Thymalus limbatus (H. Brustel pers. comm. 2015). 17182027,Poecilimon ikariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,ikariensis,,,,,"Willemse, 1982", 17181950,Poecilimon deplanatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,deplanatus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891", 15038481,Prionotropis rhodanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Prionotropis,rhodanica,,,,,"Uvarov, 1923","Prionotropis hystrix subsp. rhodanica Uvarov, 1923 was raised to species level by Massa and Ünal (2015)." 15431178,Acrotylus patruelis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrotylus,patruelis,,,,,"(Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)", 16084390,Oedipoda charpentieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oedipoda,charpentieri,,,,,"Fieber, 1853", 47694270,Ovaliptila willemsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Ovaliptila,willemsei,,,,,"(Karaman, 1975)", 47696694,Pamphagus sardeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Pamphagus,sardeus,,,,,"(Herrich-Schäffer, 1840)", 47697291,Barbitistes vicetinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,vicetinus,,,,,"Galvagni & Fontana, 1993", 47697896,Metaplastes ippolitoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metaplastes,ippolitoi,,,,,"La Greca, 1949", 47697976,Odontura arcuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Odontura,arcuata,,,,,"Messina, 1981", 47697986,Odontura calaritana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Odontura,calaritana,,,,,"Costa, 1883", 47709616,Dolichopoda schiavazzii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,schiavazzii,,,,,"Capra, 1934", 47709755,Anonconotus apenninigenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,apenninigenus,,,,,"(Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881)", 47709771,Anonconotus pusillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,pusillus,,,,,"Carron & Sardet, 2002", 47709779,Anonconotus sibyllinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,sibyllinus,,,,,"Galvagni, 2002", 47709800,Anonconotus baracunensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,baracunensis,,,,,"Nadig, 1987","The subspecies Anonconotus baracunensis occidentalis Carron and Wermeille, 2002 is now considered a valid species (Eames et al. 2015)." 47712804,Platycleis concii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platycleis,concii,,,,,"Galvagni, 1959", 47712847,Platycleis ragusai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platycleis,ragusai,,,,,"Ramme, 1927", 47712879,Platycleis romana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platycleis,romana,,,,,"Ramme, 1927", 47713025,Roeseliana brunneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Roeseliana,brunneri,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 47713106,Tessellana lagrecai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tessellana,lagrecai,,,,,"Messina, 1979",Taxonomic research is needed to clarify the relationship of Tessellana lagrecai and Tessellana tessellata. 47713126,Tessellana nigrosignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tessellana,nigrosignata,,,,,"(Costa, 1863)", 47713194,Tettigonia longispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tettigonia,longispina,,,,,"Ingrisch, 1983", 47713218,Tettigonia silana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tettigonia,silana,,,,,"Capra, 1936", 17182043,Poecilimon klausgerhardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,klausgerhardi,,,,,"Fontana, 2004", 68527310,Hippocampus planifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,planifrons,,,,,"Peters, 1877","A recent taxonomic revision of Hippocmpus suggests that H. planifrons Peters 1877 and H. biocellatus refer to the same species. H. planifrons takes precedence, subsuming H. biocellatus as a junior synonym (Lourie et al. 2016)" 47728610,Hippocampus debelius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,debelius,,,,,"Gomon & Kuiter, 2009", 47728648,Hippocampus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,pusillus,,,,,"Fricke, 2004", 47728650,Hippocampus tyro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,tyro,,,,,"Randall & Lourie, 2009", 47728602,Hippocampus colemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,colemani,,,,,"Kuiter, 2003","Some confusion exists around the taxonomic status of this species and that of Hippocampus pontohi. For the purposes of this assessment Hippocampus pontohi is currently recognized as being endemic to Lord Howe Island.

Hippocampus pontohi was described from and originally thought to be restricted to Central Indonesia and West Papua. There are now records of the species from more widespread locations, including the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Fiji. At times there have been specimens from PNG identified as H. colemani. Given the morphological overlap between specimens of the two, further morphological and molecular work needs to be done to ensure that these are in fact distinct species. Hippocampus colemani would take precedent if the two were deemed the same, as it was described earlier." 47749549,Leptotyphlops merkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,merkeri,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)","Leptotyphlops merkeri was previously considered a subspecies of L. scutifrons (Broadley and Wallach 2007), but is now treated as a full species following the finding that the two taxa are not close relatives (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009). A record from Malawi (Broadley and Wallach 2007) is presumed to represent a different species (W. Branch pers. comm. 2014). Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) found high levels of sequence divergence within members of Leptotyphlops as these authors defined the genus; although Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) did not include this species in their analysis, these authors caution that cryptic taxa may be found within members of the genus other than those they analyzed" 47749606,Paralaudakia badakhshana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,badakhshana,,,,,"(Anderson & Leviton, 1969)","The appropriate taxonomic status of three taxa traditionally regarded as distinct species - Laudakia badakhshana, L. bocharensis and L. himalayana - is uncertain, in part due to the existence of  populations with apparently intermediate characteristics between the known ranges of these taxa. In their revision of Laudakia, Baig et al. (2012) identified these three forms as a subgroup within their new genus Paralaudakia. The confusion regarding their appropriate status is summarized in these authors use of the combinations Paralaudakia (himalayana) badakhshana and P. (himalayana) bocharensis to describe this situation. As presently understood, however, the three taxa are diagnosably distinct and with essentially allopatric distributions (Baig et al. 2012), and are here treated as good species." 47749623,Paralaudakia bochariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,bochariensis,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1897)","The appropriate taxonomic status of three taxa traditionally regarded as distinct species - Laudakia badakhshana, L. bocharensis and L. himalayana - is uncertain, in part due to the existence of  populations with apparently intermediate characteristics between the known ranges of these taxa. In their revision of Laudakia, Baig et al. (2012) identified these three forms as a subgroup within their new genus Paralaudakia. The confusion regarding their appropriate status is summarized in these authors use of the combinations Paralaudakia (himalayana) badakhshana and P. (himalayana) bocharensis to describe this situation. As presently understood, however, the three taxa are diagnosably distinct and with essentially allopatric distributions (Baig et al. 2012), and are here treated as good species.

Baig (1992) refers Agama chernovi and A. isozona to the synonymy of P. bochariensis." 47749642,Paralaudakia himalayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,himalayana,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)",It is considered as a supra-species complex and constitutes a sub-group within Paralaudakia along with Paralaudakia bochariensis and Paralaudakia badakshana and this group may be considered as small Paralaudakia lizards (Baig et al. 2012). 47749669,Paralaudakia stoliczkana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,stoliczkana,,,,,"(Blanford, 1875)",This species was reassigned from Laudakia to the new genus Paralaudakia by Baig et al. (2012). 47751936,Laudakia nuristanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,nuristanica,,,,,"(Anderson & Leviton, 1969)",


47749690,Laudakia agrorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,agrorensis,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1872)",


47751975,Laudakia tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,tuberculata,,,,,"(Gray, 1827)","The status of two synonyms of the widespread Laudakia tuberculata, L. dayana and L. sykesii, was examined briefly by Baig et al. (2012). These authors revalidated L. dayana as a distinct species, and indicated that L. sykesii is comprised of representatives of both valid species. These authors also elevated the former subspecies L. t. sacra to specific status." 47751995,Laudakia sacra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,sacra,,,,,"(Smith, 1935)", 47752012,Laudakia wui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,wui,,,,,"Zhao, 1998", 47752024,Laudakia pakistanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,pakistanica,,,,,"(Baig, 1989)", 47752042,Laudakia papenfussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Laudakia,papenfussi,,,,,"Zhao, 1998", 5711,Cryptazeca elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Cryptazeca,elongata,,,,,"Gómez, 1990", 47754923,Mediodactylus brachykolon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,brachykolon,,,,,"(Krysko, Rehman & Auffenberg, 2007)",Khan (2008) placed the species in the genus Altigekko. 47754971,Mediodactylus narynensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,narynensis,,,,,"(Jeremčenko, Carinenko & Panfilov, 1999)","Mediodactylus has often been treated as a subgenus or synonym of Cyrtopodion. Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and that Mediodactylus warrants recognition as a valid genus. This species belongs to a species complex including M. russowii and M. zaryudni, the systematics of which have yet to be fully resolved, and research is underway to clarify this situation." 47755066,Tenuidactylus dadunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,dadunensis,,,,,"(Shi & Zhao, 2011)", 47755092,Tenuidactylus voraginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,voraginosus,,,,,"(Leviton & Anderson, 1984)","Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and resurrected the name Tenuidactylus for the clade including T. voraginosus. These authors explicitly rejected the subspecific status for this taxon suggested by Ščerbak and Golubev (1996) and followed by subsequent authors (e.g. Ananjeva et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). This account follows Bauer et al. (2013) in treating T. voraginosus as a full species." 47755108,Cyrtopodion baigii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,baigii,,,,,"Masroor, 2008", 47755119,Cyrtodactylus battalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,battalensis,,,,,"Khan, 1993", 47755135,Cyrtodactylus dattanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,dattanensis,,,,,"(Khan, 1980)",


47755170,Cyrtodactylus himalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,himalayanus,,,,,"Duda & Sahi, 1978", 47755192,Cyrtopodion indusoani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,indusoani,,,,,"(Khan, 1988)", 47755236,Cyrtodactylus medogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,medogensis,,,,,"(Zhao & Li, 1987)",This species was tentatively assigned to Cyrtodactylus from Cyrtopodion by Bauer et al. (2013). 47755250,Cyrtopodion montiumsalsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,montiumsalsorum,,,,,"(Annandale, 1913)",


47755277,Cyrtopodion rhodocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,rhodocauda,,,,,"(Baig, 1998)", 47755290,Cyrtopodion rohtasfortai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,rohtasfortai,,,,,"(Khan & Tasnim, 1990)","

Molecular data suggest that C. mansarulum may be conspecific with C. rohtasfortai, considered the commonest sandstone gecko in Pakistan by Khan (2008), in which case the name C. mansarulum (Duda and Sahi 1978) has priority (Agarwal et al. 2014).

" 47755307,Cyrtopodion watsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,watsoni,,,,,"(Murray, 1892)", 47755348,Altiphylax baturensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Altiphylax,baturensis,,,,,"(Khan & Baig, 1992)","Tenuidactylus baturensis was transferred to Altigekko by Khan (2003). Based on genetic analysis, the species was assigned to Altiphylax by Bauer et al. (2013)." 47755379,Altiphylax mintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Altiphylax,mintoni,,,,,"(Golubev & Szczerbak, 1981)", 174110,Altiphylax tokobajevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Altiphylax,tokobajevi,,,,,"(Jeremčenko & Szczerbak, 1984)","In the original description, the authors used three different spellings; A. tokobajevi was used first and therefore has priority." 47755582,Alsophylax loricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Alsophylax,loricatus,,,,,"Strauch, 1887","Alsophylax szczerbaki from Turkmenistan is now generally regarded as a full species (see Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008) rather than a subspecies of A. loricatus, and this treatment is followed here; however, the older scheme is used in Ananjeva et al. (2006)." 47755599,Alsophylax szczerbaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Alsophylax,szczerbaki,,,,,"Golubev & Sattarov, 1979","Alsophylax szczerbaki from Turkmenistan is now generally regarded as a full species (see Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008) rather than a subspecies of A. loricatus, and this treatment is followed here; however, the older scheme is used in Ananjeva et al. (2006)." 47755615,Alsophylax tadjikiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Alsophylax,tadjikiensis,,,,,"Golubev, 1979", 47755632,Phrynocephalus clarkorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,clarkorum,,,,,"Anderson & Leviton, 1967", 47755641,Phrynocephalus euptilopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,euptilopus,,,,,"Alcock & Finn, 1897", 47755654,Phrynocephalus forsythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,forsythii,,,,,"Anderson, 1872", 47755672,Phrynocephalus putjatai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,putjatai,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1909","Jin and Brown (2013) consider Phrynocephalus guinanensis a junior synonym of P. putjatai based on genetic results obtained in an unpublished PhD thesis (Jin 2008), and this scheme is followed here." 47755684,Phrynocephalus raddei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,raddei,,,,,"Boettger, 1888", 47755705,Phrynocephalus rossikowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,rossikowi,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1898", 47755764,Elaphe climacophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,climacophora,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)", 47755783,Elaphe quadrivirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,quadrivirgata,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)", 47755805,Euprepiophis conspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Euprepiophis,conspicillata,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)","Elaphe japonica is treated as a valid species by Ananjeva et al. (2006), who however note that it is often treated as a colour morph of Elaphe (now Euprepiophis) conspicillata. There appears to be no formal taxonomic work addressing the status of E. japonica, however there are many Russian literature references to a species of this name (L. Borkin pers. comm, 2016, P. Uetz pers. comm. 2013). Utiger et al. (2002) do not refer to this taxon but implicitly include it within E. conspicillata in describing this species as being shared between Japan and the Kuril Islands (as only ""E. japonica"" occurs on Kunashir). Similarly, only E. conspicillata is recognized in the checklist produced by the Herpetological Society of Japan. This account treats E. japonica as a junior synonym of E. conspicillata (and adopts the nomen conspicillata in preference to conspicillatus) following Uetz and Hallerman (2012)." 47755836,Eremias afghanistanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,afghanistanica,,,,,"Böhme & Szczerbak, 1991", 47755847,Eremias argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,argus,,,,,"Peters, 1869",It has been suggested that isolated populations in western Mongolia might represent cryptic species (Terbish et al. 2006). 47755858,Eremias aria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,aria,,,,,"Anderson & Leviton, 1967", 47755867,Eremias brenchleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,brenchleyi,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 47755878,Eremias buechneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,buechneri,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1907","As presently understood, Eremias buechneri is endemic to China; records from Kyrgyzstan are now referred to Eremias kokshaaliensis (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008)." 47755909,Eremias nikolskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,nikolskii,,,,,"Bedriaga in Nikolsky, 1905", 47755920,Eremias przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,przewalskii,,,,,"(Strauch, 1876)", 47755935,Eremias regeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,regeli,,,,,"Bedriaga in Nikolsky, 1905", 47755957,Eremias szczerbaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,szczerbaki,,,,,"Jeremčenko & Panfilov, 1992", 47755971,Eremias vermiculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,vermiculata,,,,,"Blanford, 1875", 47755984,Eremias yarkandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,yarkandensis,,,,,"Blanford, 1875","This species has been treated as a subspecies of Eremias multiocellata (e.g. Zhao and Adler 1993, Ščerbak 2003), but is here treated as a full species following recent usage (e.g. Ananjeva et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). This status has been confirmed by recent molecular work (Orlova et al. 2017)." 47755997,Takydromus amurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,amurensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)", 47756012,Takydromus wolteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,wolteri,,,,,"(Fischer, 1885)", 47756038,Ablepharus darvazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,darvazi,,,,,"Jeremčenko & Panfilov, 1990", 47756048,Ablepharus grayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,grayanus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1872)","Based on morphological grounds, Ablepharus grayanus is clearly distinguished from A. pannonicus occurring in the eastern and western regions of the Iranian Plateau (Karamiani et al. 2015). Records from Afghanistan may represent a different species." 47756066,Asymblepharus alaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,alaicus,,,,,"(Elpatjevsky, 1901)", 47756079,Asymblepharus eremchenkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,eremchenkoi,,,,,"Panfilov, 1999", 47756092,Asymblepharus himalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,himalayanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Schleich and Kästle (2002) indicate that a population found in Dhorpatan (Nepal) and Kashmir attributed to Asymblepharus himalayanus may represent a cryptic species. The Dhorpatan locality is considered here to represent a different species, as these two localities are separated by entirety of the western Himalaya (L. Borkin pers. comm. 2016)." 112716154,Capensibufo rosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Capensibufo,rosei,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1926)","Phylogenetic analysis of this genus showed the presence of multiple lineages in what had originally been attributed to two species (Capensibufo rosei and C. tradouwi). Within C. rosei, at least five distinct lineages are present, such that Capensibufo rosei on the Cape Peninsula is now recognized as the only member of this taxon, with others being Capensibufo deceptus, C. magistratus and C. selenophos (Tolley et al. 2010, Cressey et al. 2014, Channing et al. 2017)." 47761700,Abrawayaomys chebezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrawayaomys,chebezi,,,,,"Pardiñas, Teta & D'Elía, 2009",This is a monotypic species (Pardiñas et al. 2015) 176316,Trioceros incornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,incornutus,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 47781395,Scarturus toussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Scarturus,toussi,,,,,"Darvish, Hajjar, Matine, Haddad & Akbary, 2008","Allactaga toussi is broadly sympatric with A. elater, however the species is distinguished from A. elater, and other Iranian five-toed jerboas, by differences in cranial and molar morphological and morphometric characteristics as well as from the results of phylogenetic analysis (Darvish et al. 2008, Tarahomi et al. 2010, Moshtaghi et al. 2016). Conversely Mohammadi et al. (2016) found A. toussi to be clustered within the group of A. elater, and hypothesised A. toussi might not be a true species, but instead a morphological variant of A. elater. Based on the multivariate analysis, Darvish et al. (2008) also demonstrated the separation of A. williamsi, A. toussi, A. hotsoni and A. elater. Allopatric sub-lineages of A. toussi have been identified, with populations confined to north-eastern Iran and to the area between the Zagros and Elbruz Mountain ranges (Moshtaghi et al. 2016). The number of species of Allactaga has been disputed with some authors classifying these species as belonging to genus Paralactaga, Young, 1927 (Lebedev et al. 2013; Hamidi et al. 2016). The taxonomy of this species requires further study to distinguish the north-eastern population of A. toussi from A. elater." 47792718,Phyllomys sulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Phyllomys,sulinus,,,,,"Leite, Christoff & Fagundes, 2008", 56989,Eleutherodactylus syristes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,syristes,,,,,"(Hoyt, 1965)", 47802999,Heteromys catopterius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,catopterius,,,,,"Anderson & Gutiérre, 2009", 47806307,Acomys selousi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,selousi,,,,,"De Winton, 1869","A. selousi is synonymous with A. transvaalensis (Musser and Carleton 2005, Verheyen et al. 2011). Previously described as part of the A. spinosissimus complex, A. selousi is now known to be distinct (Verheyen et al. 2011). Populations of Acomys north of the Zambezi River are morphologically and genetically distinct from A. selousi." 47806447,Acomys muzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,muzei,,,,,"Verheyen, Hulsemans, Wendelen, Leirs, Corti, Backeljau & Verheyen, 2011","This species forms part of the Acomys spinosissimus complex (Verheyen et al. 2011). Recent mtDNA analysis has resulted in A. muzei being split from A. spinosissimus, making it a distinct species within this complex, with A. ngurui being its closest relative (Verheyen et al. 2011, Monadjem et al. 2015). Acomys wilsoni is thought to co-occur with this species (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 47806534,Acomys ngurui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,ngurui,,,,,"Verheyen, Hulsemans, Wendelen, Leirs, Corti, Backeljau & Verheyen, 2011","This species forms part of the Acomys spinosissimus complex (Verheyen et al. 2011). Recent mtDNA analysis has resulted in A. ngurui being split from A. spinosissimus, making it a distinct species within this complex, with is closest relative being A. muzei (Verheyen et al. 2011). Acomys wilsoni is thought to co-occur with this species (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 47808962,Soricomys montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Soricomys,montanus,,,,,"Balete, Rickart, Heaney, Alviola, M.V.Duya, M.R.M.Duya, Sosa & Jansa, 2012","This species forms part of the genus of Soricomys, including Soricomys kalinga, Soricomys leonardocoi and Soricomys musseri (Balete et al. 2012). It was previously included within S. kalinga however analysis reveals this species to be distinct, with an estimated divergence of around one million years ago (Heaney et al. 2016)." 172848,Matoatoa spannringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Matoatoa,spannringi,,,,,"Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Pronk, 1998", 47968796,Hylomyscus anselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,anselli,,,,,"(Bishop, 1979)","Hylomyscus anselli forms part of the Hylomyscus anselli species group which includes Hylomyscus arcimontensis, Hylomyscus kerbispeterhansi, and Hylomyscus heinrichorum (Demos et al. 2014, Carleton et al. 2015). Initially described as a subspecies of Praomys denniae by Ansell (1973), it was thought to be part of the same group as Hylomyscus denniae; it is now known to be separate (Carleton and Stanley 2005). According to current understanding each species of this group are endemic to a particular mountain system (Carleton et al. 2015)." 47968299,Hylomyscus arcimontensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,arcimontensis,,,,,"Carleton & Stanley, 2005","Hylomyscus arcimontensis forms part of the Hylomyscus anselli group of species including Hylomyscus anselli, Hylomyscus kerbispeterhansi and Hylomyscus heinrichorum (Carleton et al. 2015). Its closest relative is thought to be H. anselli (Demos et al. 2014; Carleton et al. 2015)." 47979811,Hylomyscus walterverheyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,walterverheyeni,,,,,"Nicolas, Wendelen, Barriere, Dudu & Colyn, 2008",This species previously was included within Hylomyscus alleni. 47983297,Leptomys arfakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leptomys,arfakensis,,,,,"Musser, Helgen & Lunde, 2008","Among species of Leptomys, L. arfakensis is probably more closely related to L. elegans and L. signatus than to L. ernstmayri and L. paulus (Musser et al. 2008)." 47989221,Leptomys paulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leptomys,paulus,,,,,"Musser, Helgen & Lunde, 2008","Among species of Leptomys, L. paulus is most closely related to L. ernstmayri (Musser et al. 2008)." 47992103,Lophuromys simensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,simensis,,,,,"Osgood, 1936","This species is a part of the Lepus flavopunctatus species complex (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007). Two groups of this species were discovered in mitochondrial DNA analysis, however they could not be distinguished by morphological and molecular data, which can be explained by possible past hybridization of mitochondrial DNA from another species (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004). Despite this there is an evident absence of contemporary gene flow between L. simensis and its closest relative L. menageshae (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007)." 47992929,Lophuromys menageshae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,menageshae,,,,,"Lavrenchenko, W. Verheyen, E. Verheyen, Hulseman & Leirs, 2007","This species is part of the L. flavopunctatus species complex (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004; Lavrenchenko et al. 2007). Its closest genetic relatives are L. simensis and L. melanonyx. Although a clear separation has been established, ancient hybridization is thought to have occurred between these species (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007). Despite this, there is an absence of contemporary gene flow between them (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007)." 47992992,Lophuromys pseudosikapusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,pseudosikapusi,,,,,"Lavrenchenko, W. Verheyen, E. Verheyen, Hulsemans & Leirs, 2007","This species forms part of the Lophuromys flavopunctatus species complex (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004). Although very similar to representatives of L. sikapusi species complex, genetic and craniometric analyses revealed it to be distinct from other members of this clade (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004). This is potentially because of their convergent evolution in a similar environment of evergreen tropical rain forest (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004). Within L. flavopunctatus complex, analysis confirmed L. pseudosikapusi to have significant differences in the RAPD profiles than other studied Ethiopian species, L. chrysopus, L. flavopunctatus, L. brunneus, L. simensis, L. menageshae and L. chercherensis (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007). There is also no indication of previous or contemporary gene flow across species boundaries, for L. chrysopus, L. brevicaudus, L. chercherensis and L. pseudosikapusi (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004)." 47981994,Sphecodes combai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,combai,,,,,"Nobile et Turrisi, 2004", 47981998,Sphecodes creticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,creticus,,,,,"Warncke, 1992",It was previously described as a subspecies of S. marginatus but it is thought to be a separate species (Bogusch and Straka in prep.). 47982103,Sphecodes gomerensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,gomerensis,,,,,"Warncke, 1992", 47982107,Sphecodes larochei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,larochei,,,,,"Warncke, 1992", 47982111,Sphecodes piceohirtus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,piceohirtus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1858", 47982116,Sphecodes rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,rubripes,,,,,"Spinola, 1838","Revision of material collected in Sardinia, presented by Warncke (1992) showed that the species was mis-identified. Therefore the species does not occur in Sardinia (P. Bogusch pers. comm. 2013)." 47996434,Lophuromys stanleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,stanleyi,,,,,"W. Verheyen, Hulsemans, Dierckx, Mulungu, Leirs, Corti & E. Verheyen, 2007","Lophuromys stanleyi is a newly described species within the L. flavopunctatus complex. It can be clearly differentiated from all other species in this genus, although it has morphological similarities with L. chrysopus. These two species form a pair with two other non-Ethiopian species in this genus: L. aquilus and L. zena (Verheyen et al. 2007)." 47997166,Lophuromys machangui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,machangui,,,,," W. Verheyen, Hulsemans, Dierckx, Mulungu, Leirs, Corti & E. Verheyen, 2007","Lophuromys machangui is a new representative of the L. flavopunctatus species complex, with its closest genetic relatives within the complex being L. makundii, L. sabunii and L. kilonzoi (Verheven et al. 2007)." 47997414,Lophuromys sabunii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,sabunii,,,,," W. Verheyen, Hulsemans, Dierckx, Mulungu, Leirs, Corti & E. Verheyen, 2007","Lophuromys sabunii is a new representative of the L. flavopunctatus species complex alongside L. machangui, L. makundii and L. kilonzoi (Verheven et al. 2007)." 47997538,Lophuromys makundii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,makundii,,,,," W. Verheyen, Hulsemans, Dierckx, Mulungu, Leirs, Corti & E. Verheyen, 2007","Lophuromys makundii is a new representative of the L. flavopunctatus species complex alongside Lophuromys machangui, L. sabunii and L. kilonzoi (Verheven et al. 2007)." 47998388,Lophuromys kilonzoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,kilonzoi,,,,," W. Verheyen, Hulsemans, Dierckx, Mulungu, Leirs, Corti & E. Verheyen, 2007",Lophuromys kilonzoi is a representative of the L. flavopunctatus species complex (Verheyen et al. 2007). 48004865,Microhydromys argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Microhydromys,argenteus,,,,,"Helgen, Leary & Aplin, 2010", 48008221,Otomys cheesmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,cheesmani,,,,,"Taylor, Lavrenchenko, Carleton, Verheyen, Bennett, Oosthuizen & Maree, 2011","The taxonomy and phylogeny of Ethiopian Otomys species remains largely unresolved and additional research is necessary (Taylor et al. 2011). Formally classified as Otomys typus, O. cheesmani was described in 2011 in the region of Dangila (~66 km from Lake Tana). Cheesman’s Vlei Rat is distinguished from the other members of the O. typus species complex by its larger, more robust skull (Taylor et al. 2011)." 48009551,Otomys fortior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,fortior,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","Additional genetic data for this species is required. O. fortior is considered closely related to other Otomys species in the region, however the biogeographic and ecological separation of this species from O. helleri and O.typus s.s. argues for species status (Taylor et al. 2011). Comparable to O. cheesemani, O. fortior is characterised by a large cranial size (Taylor et al. 2011)." 48014975,Otomys simiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,simiensis,,,,,"Taylor, Lavrenchenko, Carleton, Verheyen, Bennett, Oosthuizen & Maree, 2011","Formally, classified as Otomys typus, this species has been described as a small member of the O.typus species complex, and is now known to be distinct (Taylor et al. 2011). The populations located in the Kombolcha region (~2,600 m asl and at Ankober (~3,100 m asl) require further investigation, as they form separate mitochondrial clades (Bryja et al. 2019)" 48018185,Otomys zinki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,zinki,,,,,"Bohmann, 1943","Recognised as separate species by Taylor et al. 2011 (from O. typus). This species, along with the other eastern African alpine taxa previously classified as O. typus (such as O. dartmouthi, O. jacksoni, O. uzungwensis) show no geographical overlap in their bioclimatic niches, as they are considered to be isolated to individual “sky islands” of Afro-alpine habitat (Taylor et al. 2011). The taxonomic status of O. zinki and O. thomasi in relation to O. orestes necessitates further investigation (Taylor et al. 2011)." 48018659,Praomys coetzeei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,coetzeei,,,,,"Van der Straeten, 2008","Praomys coetzeei is a member of the P. tullbergi complex, belonging to the larger form of this which also includes, P. petteri and P. rostratus as sibling species with an allopatric distribution (Van der Straeten 2008). It is thought to occur sympatrically with Praomys jacksoni." 48020705,Pseudohydromys pumehanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,pumehanae,,,,,"Helgen & Helgen, 2009","Pseudohyrdomys pumehanae is a member of the ellermani species group along with P. ellermani, P. germani and P. carlae (Helgen and Helgen 2009). The four-allopatric species in this group are very subtly differentiated however these differences appear clear and consistent considering the small number of samples (Helgen and Helgen 2009). This is the most phenetically distinctive subdivision within the genus, with all species thought to be immediately related and comprise a monophyletic lineage (Helgen and Helgen 2009)." 48020754,Pseudohydromys carlae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,carlae,,,,,"Hegen & Helgen, 2009","Pseudohydromys carlae is a member of the ellermani species group along with P. ellermani, P. germani and P. pumehanae (Helgen and Helgen 2009). The four-allopatric species in this group are very subtly differentiated however these differences appear clear and consistent considering the small number of samples (Helgen and Helgen 2009). This is the most phenetically distinctive subdivision within the genus, with all species thought to be immediately related and comprise a monophyletic lineage (Helgen and Helgen 2009)." 47943474,Ahermodontus ambrosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ahermodontus,ambrosi,,,,,"Pardo Alcaide, 1936","For taxonomic and nomenclature history of the genus Ahermodontus Báguena, 1930, see Dellacasa et al. (2002)." 47943477,Ahermodontus bischoffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ahermodontus,bischoffi,,,,,"(Všetecka, 1939)", 47943563,Ahermodontus marini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ahermodontus,marini,,,,,"Báguena, 1930", 47943570,Accrosus siculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Accrosus,siculus,,,,,"(Harold, 1862)","This is a polytypic species with two subspecies (siculus siculus and siculus buturensis).

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943572,Accrosus tingitanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Accrosus,tingitanus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943576,Aganocrossus vejdovskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aganocrossus,vejdovskyi,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1945)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943578,Agoliinus pittinoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Agoliinus,pittinoi,,,,,"(Carpaneto, 1986)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943581,Agoliinus ragusae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Agoliinus,ragusae,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae  at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue to be published in 2015, all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943583,Agrilinus ibericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Agrilinus,ibericus,,,,,"(Harold, 1874)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943586,Alocoderus carinifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Alocoderus,carinifrons,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943590,Alocoderus mineti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Alocoderus,mineti,,,,,"Clément, 1981","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).

This species was described by Clément (1981) on a couple of exemplars (male and female, type locality: “Taza”, Morocco) with weak differential traits of other species of the subgenus Alocoderus, mainly Aphodius (Alocoderus) hydrochaeris (Fabricius, 1798). Baraud (1985) expressed doubts about the validity of the species." 47943650,Ammoecius dentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,dentatus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1908)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943652,Ammoecius dogueti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,dogueti,,,,,"Baraud, 1980","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943683,Ammoecius lusitanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,lusitanicus,,,,,"(Erichson, 1848)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943692,Ammoecius numidicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,numidicus,,,,,"(Mulsant, 1851)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014). Its specific validity was confirmed by Dellacasa et al. (2002).

" 47943701,Ammoecius rugifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,rugifrons,,,,,"(Aubé, 1850)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943748,Ammoecius satanas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,satanas,,,,,"(Carpaneto, 1976)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943750,Anomius annamariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,annamariae,,,,,"(Baraud, 1982)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943758,Anomius antii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,antii,,,,,"(Gridelli, 1930)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943761,Anomius baeticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,baeticus,,,,,"(Mulsant & Rey, 1869)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943766,Anomius castaneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,castaneus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1803)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943791,Anomius crovettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,crovettii,,,,,"(G. Dellacasa, 1983)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943794,Anomius hamricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,hamricola,,,,,"(Clément, 1928)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943796,Anomius neidae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,neidae,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1971)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).

" 47943808,Anomius theryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,theryi,,,,,"(Clément, 1962)","

Aphodius permixtus Clément & Petrovitz, 1971 was established as a replacement name for Anomius theryi Clément, 1962 but as Ziani (2011) clarified that name is not necessary. 


The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).

" 47943813,Anomius peyerimhoffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,peyerimhoffi,,,,,"(Théry, 1925)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943816,Anomius segonzaci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Anomius,segonzaci,,,,,"(Bedel, 1904)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943822,Bodilus barbarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bodilus,barbarus,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1860)", 47943825,Bodilus beduinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bodilus,beduinus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943827,Bodilus longispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bodilus,longispina,,,,,"(Küster, 1854)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943829,Bodilus marani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bodilus,marani,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1929)", 47943837,Aphodius algiricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aphodius,algiricus,,,,,"(Mariani & Pittino, 1983)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue to be published in 2015, all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943845,Calamosternus hyxos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Calamosternus,hyxos,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1962)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943847,Calamosternus mayeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Calamosternus,mayeri,,,,,"(Pilleri, 1953)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943849,Chilothorax albosetosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,albosetosus,,,,,"(Pittino, 1995)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943851,Chilothorax brancoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,brancoi,,,,,"(Baraud, 1981)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943868,Chilothorax discedens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,discedens,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1907)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943870,Chilothorax equitis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,equitis,,,,,"(W. Koshantschikov, 1912)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943873,Chilothorax exclamationis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,exclamationis,,,,,"(Motschulsky, 1849)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943881,Chilothorax fritschi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,fritschi,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1933)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943883,Chilothorax hieroglyphicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,hieroglyphicus,,,,,"(Klug, 1845)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943885,Chilothorax hucklesbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,hucklesbyi,,,,,"(Paulian, 1942)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943887,Chilothorax lineolatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,lineolatus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1803)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943889,Chilothorax mossulensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,mossulensis,,,,,"(Mulsant & Godart, 1879)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943891,Chilothorax naevuliger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chilothorax,naevuliger,,,,,"(Reitter, 1894)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943941,Grandinaphodius smoliki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Grandinaphodius,smoliki,,,,,"(Käufel, 1914)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943943,Esymus alkani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Esymus,alkani,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1963)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943945,Esymus filitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Esymus,filitarsis,,,,,"(Reitter, 1898)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943954,Esymus helenaeliviae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Esymus,helenaeliviae,,,,,"(Dellacasa & Pittino, 1985)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943961,Esymus ornatulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Esymus,ornatulus,,,,,"(Harold, 1866)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943963,Esymus sicardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Esymus,sicardi,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943965,Euorodalus boiteli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euorodalus,boiteli,,,,,"(Théry, 1918)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).


E. boiteli and Aphodius baraudi were treated as separate species and sometimes confused, until Avila and Sánchez Piñero (1992) who established the synonymy between both taxa. It was subsequently confirmed by Dellacasa et al. (2009)." 47943967,Euorodalus elephanthinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euorodalus,elephanthinus,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1967)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).

" 47943969,Euorodalus longevittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euorodalus,longevittatus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1922)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943971,Euorodalus tersus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euorodalus,tersus,,,,,"(Erichson, 1848)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943980,Limarus hirtipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Limarus,hirtipennis,,,,,"(Lucas, 1846)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944014,Liothorax isikdagensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Liothorax,isikdagensis,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1953)","Aphodius ressli Petrovitz, 1962 and A. bytinskisalzi Petrovitz 1971 are considered synonyms of this species (Dellacasa et. al. 2001, 2007).

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944016,Mecynodes anemurensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mecynodes,anemurensis,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1968)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944018,Mecynodes angulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mecynodes,angulosus,,,,,"(Harold, 1869)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944020,Mecynodes leucopterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mecynodes,leucopterus,,,,,"(Klug, 1845)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944022,Mecynodes striatulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mecynodes,striatulus,,,,,"(Waltl, 1835)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944104,Mecynodes trochilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mecynodes,trochilus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944127,Melinopterus abeillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Melinopterus,abeillei,,,,,"(Sietti, 1903)",


47944146,Melinopterus dellacasai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Melinopterus,dellacasai,,,,,"(Ávila, 1986)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944148,Melinopterus sertavulensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Melinopterus,sertavulensis,,,,,"(Pittino, 1988)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944151,Melinopterus stolzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Melinopterus,stolzi,,,,,"(Reitter, 1906)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944234,Melinopterus villarreali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Melinopterus,villarreali,,,,,"(Baraud, 1975)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944236,Mendidaphodius palaestinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mendidaphodius,palaestinensis,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1963)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944244,Mendidaphodius paganettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mendidaphodius,paganettii,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1963)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944246,Mendidius calliger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mendidius,calliger,,,,,"(Sahlberg, 1908)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944270,Nimbus anyerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Nimbus,anyerae,,,,,"(Ruiz, 1998)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).

" 47944289,Nimbus franzinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Nimbus,franzinii,,,,,"(Pittino, 1978)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).

" 47944297,Nimbus harpagonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Nimbus,harpagonis,,,,,"(Reitter, 1890)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944335,Nimbus libanonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Nimbus,libanonensis,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1958)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944338,Aphodius orbignyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aphodius,orbignyi,,,,,"(Clouët des Pesruches, 1896)","Currently, A. orbignyi is  included in subgenus Nimbus Mulsant & Rey, 1870" 47944344,Nimbus richardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Nimbus,richardi,,,,,"(Ádám, 1994)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944346,Nobiellus bonnairei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Nobiellus,bonnairei,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944402,Nobius rhodiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Nobius,rhodiensis,,,,,"(Baraud, 1976)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944404,Parammoecius amanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Parammoecius,amanicus,,,,,"(Stebnicka, 1978)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944407,Phaeaphodius fusculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phaeaphodius,fusculus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944443,Phalacronothus putoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Phalacronothus,putoni,,,,,"(Reitter, 1894)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944467,Plagiogonus esimoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Plagiogonus,esimoides,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944469,Plagiogonus nanoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Plagiogonus,nanoides,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1961)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944471,Plagiogonus nanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Plagiogonus,nanus,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1860)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944473,Chittius anatolicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Chittius,anatolicus,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1963)", 47944498,Amidorus cribricollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Amidorus,cribricollis,,,,,"(Lucas, 1846)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944613,Amidorus moraguesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Amidorus,moraguesi,,,,,"(Baraud, 1978)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944615,Pseudacrossus sharpi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pseudacrossus,sharpi,,,,,"(Harold, 1874)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944617,Pseudacrossus suffertus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pseudacrossus,suffertus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1922)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944619,Pseudacrossus wewalkai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pseudacrossus,wewalkai,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1971)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944646,Pseudacrossus zurcheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Pseudacrossus,zurcheri,,,,,"(Reitter, 1908)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944811,Subrinus vitellinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Subrinus,vitellinus,,,,,"(Klug, 1845)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944813,Esymus sesquivittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Esymus,sesquivittatus,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1883)","

Esymus sesquivittatus is currently placed in the subgenus Volinus Mulsant & Rey, 1870 (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) in the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III.

" 47945026,Euheptaulacus atlantis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euheptaulacus,atlantis,,,,,"(Peyerimhoff, 1925)","This species was described as Heptaulacus atlantis Peyerimhoff, 1925 and subsequently transferred to genus Euheptaulacus Dellacasa, 1983 (see Dellacasa 1983, Hollande et al. 1998). Heptaulacus peyerimhoffi was described exclusively on the larva (Paulian and Villiers 1939) and two years later Paulian and Villiers (1941) described the adult." 47945042,Euheptaulacus nemethi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euheptaulacus,nemethi,,,,,"(Théry, 1925)","This species was described as Heptaulacus nemethi Théry, 1925 and subsequently transferred to genus Euheptaulacus Dellacasa, 1983 (see Dellacasa 1983, 1998)." 47945070,Grandinaphodius inferorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Grandinaphodius,inferorum,,,,,"Ziani, 2002","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47945080,Heptaulacus algarbiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heptaulacus,algarbiensis,,,,,"Branco & Baraud, 1984", 47945088,Heptaulacus brancoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heptaulacus,brancoi,,,,,"Baraud, 1976", 47945154,Heptaulacus gadetinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heptaulacus,gadetinus,,,,,"Baraud, 1973", 47945166,Heptaulacus pirazzolii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heptaulacus,pirazzolii,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1881)", 47945196,Heptaulacus rasettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heptaulacus,rasettii,,,,,"Carpaneto, 1978", 47945226,Osmanius dellacasai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Osmanius,dellacasai,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1970)","

This species was described as Paracoptochirus dellacasai Petrovitz, 1970. Branco and Baraud (1988) transferred it to their new genus Osmanius (type-species: Paracoptochirus balthasari Petrovitz, 1963; see Branco and Baraud 1988, Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006).

" 47945259,Paracoptochirus kozanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Paracoptochirus,kozanensis,,,,,"Pittino, 2001","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue to be published in 2015, all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47945314,Paracoptochirus singularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Paracoptochirus,singularis,,,,,"Harold, 1868","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue to be published in 2015, all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47945322,Paracoptochirus vignai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Paracoptochirus,vignai,,,,,"Carpaneto & Piattella, 1990","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue to be published in 2015, all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47945671,Aphodius ghardimaouensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aphodius,ghardimaouensis,,,,,"(Balthasar, 1929)","The status of the taxon is not yet well defined as sometimes it has been recorded as a subspecies of Bodiloides ictericus (Laicharting, 1781). A thorough study of both taxa from the whole distribution area is needed to define the correct taxonomic level." 40723,Typhaeus hiostius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Typhaeus,hiostius,,,,,"Gene, 1836","

Recently, Dellacasa and Dellacasa (2008), has elevated Chelotrupes to the genus rank. Moreover they propose Typhaeus matutinalis (first considered as synonymous of hiostius) as a valid species. Given that both proposed taxa occurs in sympatry in the majority of their ranges and that genus Chelotrupes have high morphological variability (Verdú pers. obs.), on a precautionary basis and pending further molecular analysis that verify such status, Typhaeus will be considered as genus and T. matutinalis as a synonym of T. hiostius in this assessment. 



" 47415494,Ceratophyus hoffmannseggi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Ceratophyus,hoffmannseggi,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1856", 47415498,Ceratophyus martinezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Ceratophyus,martinezi,,,,,"Lauffer, 1909", 47415635,Ceratophyus rossii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Ceratophyus,rossii,,,,,"Jekel, 1865","The taxonomy of this species is well known (Zunino 1973, 1984; Löbl and Smetana 2006; Ziani et al. 2006)" 47415770,Geotrupes ibericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Geotrupes,ibericus,,,,,"Baraud, 1958", 47415774,Geotrupes douei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Geotrupes,douei,,,,,"Gory, 1841",The genus group name Stereopyge was established for Geotrupes douei. Some authors consider Stereopyge at generic rank and others at subgeneric rank.  47415784,Thorectes baraudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,baraudi,,,,,"López-Colón, 1981", 47416380,Thorectes lusitanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,lusitanicus,,,,,"(Jekel, 1866)", 47416439,Thorectes valencianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,valencianus,,,,,"(Baraud, 1966)", 47416963,Trypocopris amedei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Trypocopris,amedei,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1861)", 47416976,Lethrus rotundicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Lethrus,rotundicollis,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1866","The taxonomy of this species is well known (Löbl and Smetana 2006, Nikolajev 2003)." 47417187,Typhaeus momus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Typhaeus,momus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)","After Hiller et al. (2012) this species could belong to different species or subspecies. However, it is necessary a revision based on molecular data to verify the taxonomic status of all subpopulations." 47941660,Thorectes albarracinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,albarracinus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1928)","After Martín-Piera and López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to the genus Jekelius López-Colón, 1989. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941679,Thorectes armifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,armifrons,,,,,"Reitter, 1892", 47941681,Thorectes asperifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,asperifrons,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1866", 47941683,Thorectes balearicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,balearicus,,,,,"López-Colón, 1985","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941785,Thorectes castillanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,castillanus,,,,,"(López-Colón, 1985)","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941793,Thorectes catalonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,catalonicus,,,,,"López-Colón, 1991","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941801,Thorectes chersinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,chersinus,,,,,"Delabie, 1954","After Martín-Piera and López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to the genus Jekelius López-Colón, 1989. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941809,Thorectes coiffaiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,coiffaiti,,,,,"Baraud, 1969", 47941812,Thorectes coloni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,coloni,,,,,"Ruiz, 1998",The taxonomy of this species is well known (López-Colón 2000). 47941814,Thorectes distinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,distinctus,,,,,"Marseul, 1878", 47941816,Thorectes escorialensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,escorialensis,,,,,"(Jekel, 1866)","

After Martín-Piera and López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to the genus Silphotrupes Jekel, 1866. However, it is necessary to have a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status. After Verdú and Galante (2000) this species have two well defined subspecies: T. (S.) escorialensis and T. (S.) petrovitzi.

" 47941833,Thorectes geminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,geminatus,,,,,"(Gené, 1839)","The taxonomy and phylogeny of this species is well known (López-Colón, 1989, 1996, 2000; Löbl & Smetana, 2006; Palmer M. & Cambefort Y. 1997; Zunino M., 1984; Angus, 2011). However, López-Colón (1989) on the basis of a comparative analysis of males genital characters, inserted this species within the new subgenus Silphotrupes. In the 1996, the same author (López-Colón, 1996) creates the new genus Baraudia specifically for this species, which was called Baraudia geminata. In conservative terms, since there is no agreement (Branco & Ziani, 2006; 2007; López-Colón & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2006) on the new classification proposed by López-Colón (1989; 1996), we decided to follow the traditional approach that ascribes the species to the genus Thorectes." 47941913,Thorectes hernandezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,hernandezi,,,,,"(López-Colón, 1988)","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941916,Thorectes hispanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,hispanus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941919,Thorectes intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,intermedius,,,,,"(Costa, 1839)","

The taxonomy and phylogeny of this species is well known (Muller 1938; Zunino 1984; Löbl and Smetana 2006; Baraud, 1965, 1966a, 1966b; Lopez-Colon 1988, 1989, 1992, 1996; Palmer and Cambefort 1997). However, López-Colón (1989) on the basis of a comparative analysis of males genital characters, inserted this species within the newly-designated subgenus Jekelius. The same author (López-Colón 1996), raised Jekelius to the genus rank and named this species as Jekelius (Jekelius) intermedius. In conservative terms, since there is no agreement (Branco and Ziani 2006, 2007; López-Colón and Alonso-Zarazaga 2006) on the new classification proposed by López-Colón (1989, 1996), we decided to follow the traditional approach that ascribes the species to the genus Thorectes.

Thorectes intermedius has been interpreted in different ways, so several records could be erroneous.

" 47941921,Thorectes juengeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,juengeri,,,,,"(Romero-Samper, 1995)","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47941960,Thorectes laevigatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,laevigatus,,,,,"Fabricius, 1798","In general the taxonomy is well known (Baraud 1985). However, the possible existence of several subspecies or species is at present under revision using molecular data (Lobo et al. pers. comm.)." 47941962,Thorectes marginatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,marginatus,,,,,"(Poiret, 1787)","

The taxonomy of this species is well known and studied (Löbl and Smetana 2006; Zunino 1984; Baraud, 1965, 1966, 1985, 1992; Palmer and Cambefort 1997). However, López-Colón (1989) on the basis of a comparative analysis of males genital characters, inserted this species within the newly-designated subgenus Jekelius. The same author (López-Colón 1996), raised Jekelius to the genus rank and creates, for marginatus, the subgenus Petrovitzia. However, being the subgenus Petrovitzia preoccupied by an Asian Cetoniinae, Rey and López-Colón (2003) brought the “nomen novum” Rudolfpetrovitzia in place of preoccupied Petrovitzia. In conservative terms, since there is no agreement (Branco and Ziani 2006, 2007; López-Colón and Alonso-Zarazaga 2006) on the new classification proposed by López-Colón (1989, 1996), we decided to follow the traditional approach that ascribes the species to the genus Thorectes.

" 47941964,Thorectes nitidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,nitidus,,,,,"(Jekel, 1866)","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47942018,Thorectes orocantabricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,orocantabricus,,,,,"Verdú & Galante, 2000","

This species could belong to the genus Silphotrupes Jekel, 1866. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status. For its correct identification see Verdú and Galante (2000).

" 47942020,Thorectes punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,punctatissimus,,,,,"(Chevrolat, 1840)","After Martín-Piera and López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to the genus Silphotrupes Jekel, 1866. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47942022,Thorectes punctatolineatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,punctatolineatus,,,,,"François, 1904","After Martín-Piera & López-Colón (2000) this species could belong to Jekelius López-Colón 1989 genus. However, it is necessary a new revision based on molecular data to verify this status." 47942049,Thorectes puncticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,puncticollis,,,,,"Lucas, 1845", 47942051,Thorectes reflexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,reflexus,,,,,"(Jekel, 1866)", 47942053,Thorectes sardous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,sardous,,,,,"(Erichson, 1847)","The taxonomy and phylogeny of this species are well known (Baraud 1966, Löbl and Smetana 2006, Palmer and Cambefort 1997, Zunino, 1984). However, López-Colón (1989) on the basis of a comparative analysis of males genital characters, inserted this species within the subgenus Jekelius. The same author (López-Colón, 1996), raised Jekelius to the genus rank and named this species as Jekelius (Jekelius) sardous. In conservative terms, since there is no agreement (Branco and Ziani 2006, 2007; López-Colón and Alonso-Zarazaga 2006) on the new classification proposed by López-Colón (1989, 1996), we decided to follow the traditional approach that ascribes the species to the genus Thorectes." 47942055,Thorectes trituberculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,trituberculatus,,,,,"Reitter, 1892","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear and is currently under revision. Using molecular tools, several entities of uncertain status (incertae sedis) were highlighted (Lobo pers. comm. 2014)" 47942057,Thorectes variolipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,variolipennis,,,,,"Marseul, 1876", 47942106,Lethrus fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Lethrus,fallax,,,,,"Nikolajev, 1975", 47942108,Lethrus macrognathus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Lethrus,macrognathus,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1866", 47942116,Typhaeus typhaeoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Typhaeus,typhaeoides,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1852)", 47942118,Thorectes demoflysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,demoflysi,,,,,"(Baraud, 1965)", 47942120,Thorectes latus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,latus,,,,,"(Strum, 1826)", 47942122,Thorectes rugatulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Thorectes,rugatulus,,,,,"(Jekel, 1866)", 23050,Vulpes cana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,cana,,,,,"Blanford, 1877", 48080927,Hyperolius howelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,howelli,,,,,Du Preez & Channing 2013,

This species was removed from synonymy with Hyperolius nasutus by Channing et al. 2013.

48080618,Hyperolius friedemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,friedemanni,,,,,"Mercurio & Rödel, 2013",

This species was removed from synonymy with Hyperolius nasutus by Channing et al. 2013.

48081228,Hyperolius inyangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,inyangae,,,,,"Channing, 2013",

This species was removed from synonymy with Hyperolius nasutus by Channing et al. 2013.

48081287,Hyperolius jacobseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,jacobseni,,,,,"Channing, 2013",

This species was removed from synonymy with Hyperolius nasutus by Channing et al. 2013.

48081344,Hyperolius lupiroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,lupiroensis,,,,,"Channing, 2013",

This species was removed from synonymy with Hyperolius nasutus by Channing et al. 2013.

48081486,Hyperolius rwandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,rwandae,,,,,"Dehling, Sinsch, Rödel & Channing, 2013",

This species was removed from synonymy with Hyperolius nasutus by Channing et al. 2013.

48086041,Proceratophrys vielliardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Proceratophrys,vielliardi,,,,,"Martins & Giaretta, 2011",This species has been identified as part of the Proceratophrys cristiceps group (Martins and Giaretta 2011). 48086134,Ololygon insperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,insperata,,,,,"(Silva & Alves-Silva, 2011)",This species has been assigned to the Scinax catherinae clade (Cruz et al. 2011). 48086163,Ololygon muriciensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,muriciensis,,,,,"(Cruz, Nunes & Lima, 2011)",This species has been assigned to the Scinax catharinae group (Cruz et al. 2011). 48086193,Ololygon skuki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ololygon,skuki,,,,,"(Lima, Cruz & Azevedo, 2011)", 48100370,Theloderma nebulosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,nebulosum,,,,,"Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau & Cao, 2011", 48100463,Theloderma palliatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,palliatum,,,,,"Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau & Cao, 2011", 48100899,Rhacophorus spelaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,spelaeus,,,,,"Orlov, Gnophanxay, Phimminith & Phomphoumy, 2010", 48101133,Rhacophorus marmoridorsum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,marmoridorsum,,,,,"Orlov, 2008", 48101220,Gracixalus quangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,quangi,,,,,"Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011", 48101417,Odorrana yentuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,yentuensis,,,,,"Tran, Orlov & Nguyen, 2008", 48101592,Leptobrachella crocea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,crocea,,,,,"(Rowley, Hoang, Le, Dau & Cao, 2010)", 48101612,Leptobrachella eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,eos,,,,,"(Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011)",Confused with Leptolalax bourreti prior to to its naming according to the original publication (Frost 2022). 48101733,Leptobrachella nyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,nyx,,,,,"(Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler & Dubois, 2011)",Confused with Leptolalax bourreti prior to its naming according to the original publication (Frost 2022). 48101780,Megophrys damrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,damrei,,,,,"Mahony, 2011",Confused with Xenophrys parva (as Megophrys parva) according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 48101834,Megophrys takensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,takensis,,,,,"(Mahony, 2011)","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 48101848,Leptobrachella minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,minima,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)","Removed from the synonymy of Leptolalax oshanensis by Ohler et al. (2011) where it had been placed by Dubois (1981)." 191006,Chalcorana eschatia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,eschatia,,,,,"(Inger, Stuart & Iskandar, 2009)",Confused with Hylarana chalconota prior to its naming according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 48103096,Rhacophorus robertingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,robertingeri,,,,,"Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang & Geissler, 2012","In the Rhacophorus calcaneus group of Orlov et al. (2012). Confused with Rhacophorus calcaneus prior to its naming by Inger et al. (1999). The original publication noted the following localities (originally as Rhacophorus calcaneus) as doubtful: Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc and Huong Son, Ha Tinh (likely based on Rhacophorus orlovi); Chu Yang Sin, Dak Lake and Bidoup, Lac Duong, Lam Dong (likely based on Rhacophorus vampyrus); Da Teh, Lam Dong (likely confused with Rhacophorus rhodopus) (Frost 2013)." 48109487,Limnonectes isanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,isanensis,,,,,"McLeod, Kelly & Barley, 2012","Split from the Limnonectes kuhlii complex by McLeod, Kelly and Barley (2012)." 47407703,Gnatholepis caudimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gnatholepis,caudimaculata,,,,,"Larson & Buckle, 2012", 48265607,Pseudohydromys eleanorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,eleanorae,,,,,"Helgen & Helgen, 2009","Pseudohydromys eleanorae is a member of the murinus species group, along with P. murinus (Rümmler 1934) and P. berniceae (Helgen and Helgen 2009). P. eleanorae occurs in sympatry with P. murinus and was formerly confused with this species (Helgen and Helgen 2009). All members of this species group are found only in eastern New Guinea. Although confused with P. murinus in the past it is morphologically very distinctive (Helgen and Helgen 2009)." 48265836,Mirzamys norahae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mirzamys,norahae,,,,,"Helgen & Helgen, 2009","Mirzamys norahae represents the second, well-marked species in the genus Mirzamys, sharply distinct morphologically from M. louiseae (Helgen and Helgen 2009)." 48266217,Mirzamys louiseae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mirzamys,louiseae,,,,,"Helgen & Helgen, 2009","This western cordilleran Papua New Guinea endemic has recently been recognised as distinct (at both specific and generic levels) from Pseudohydromys occidentalis, a smaller but superficially similar shrew mouse that is also present in the Star Mountains (Helgen and Helgen 2009). M. louiseae represents one of two well-marked species in the genus Mirzamys, sharply distinct morphologically from M. norahae (Helgen and Helgen 2009). " 48266951,Eliurus carletoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,carletoni,,,,,"Goodman, Raheriarisena & Jansa, 2009", 48269568,Cryptotis mam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,mam,,,,,"Woodman, 2010","Previously included within Cryptotis griseoventris, C. mam is a newly recognised species in the Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2010)." 48269646,Cryptotis lacertosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,lacertosus,,,,,"Woodman, 2010","This is a newly recognised species in the Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2010)." 48279642,Amphisbaena occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,occidentalis,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 48279673,Amphisbaena pericensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,pericensis,,,,,"Noble, 1921", 48279715,Anolis boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,boettgeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 48279732,Anolis cuscoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cuscoensis,,,,,"Poe, Yañez-Miranda & Lehr, 2008", 48279760,Anolis dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,dissimilis,,,,,"Williams, 1965", 48279785,Anolis laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,laevis,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 48279813,Anolis tandai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tandai,,,,,"Avila-Pires, 1995", 48279888,Anolis williamsmittermeierorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,williamsmittermeierorum,,,,,"Poe & Yañez-Miranda, 2007", 48279911,Bachia barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,barbouri,,,,,"Burt & Burt, 1931", 48279988,Bachia huallagana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,huallagana,,,,,"Dixon, 1973", 48280000,Bachia intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,intermedia,,,,,"Noble, 1921", 48280071,Bachia peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,peruana,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 48280163,Euspondylus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,acutirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 48280189,Euspondylus auyanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,auyanensis,,,,,"Myers, Rivas & Jadin, 2009", 48280199,Euspondylus caideni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,caideni,,,,,"Köhler, 2003", 48280225,Euspondylus josyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,josyi,,,,,"Köhler, 2003", 48280241,Euspondylus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,maculatus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1845","In order to clarify the status of a recently-identified Peruvian population of Euspondylus (which they described as E. excelsum), Chávez et al. (2017) examined material previously assigned to E. maculatus. These authors found that three records of E. maculatus from Chanchamayo and Santo Domingo Provinces in Peru represent two separate, undescribed species." 48280279,Euspondylus monsfumus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,monsfumus,,,,,"Mijares-Urrutia, Señaris & Arends 2001", 48280305,Euspondylus nellycarrillae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,nellycarrillae,,,,,"Köhler & Lehr, 2004", 48280339,Euspondylus oreades,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,oreades,,,,,"Chávez, Siu-Ting, Duran & Venegas, 2011", 48280361,Euspondylus rahmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,rahmi,,,,,"(De Grijs, 1936)", 48280449,Euspondylus spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,spinalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 48281943,Macropholidus ataktolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Macropholidus,ataktolepis,,,,,"Cadle & Chuna, 1995", 48282025,Macropholidus huancabambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Macropholidus,huancabambae,,,,,"(Reeder, 1996)", 178410,Macropholidus ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Macropholidus,ruthveni,,,,,"Noble, 1921", 48282318,Petracola labioocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Petracola,labioocularis,,,,,"(Köhler & Lehr, 2004)", 48282388,Petracola ventrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Petracola,ventrimaculatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","A review of the known populations referred to Petracola ventrimaculatus, incorporating both morphological and ecological data, indicated that this taxon is a species complex (Echeverría-Espinosa 2014). This work suggested that the distribution of P. ventrimaculatus may be restricted to Celendin (Cajamarca) when the taxonomy is clarified." 48282425,Petracola waka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Petracola,waka,,,,,"Kirizian, Bayefsky-Anand, Eriksson, Minh Le & Donnelly, 2008", 48283076,Pholidobolus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,affinis,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 48283177,Pholidobolus anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,anomalus,,,,,"Müller, 1923", 48283361,Pholidobolus macbrydei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,macbrydei,,,,,"Montanucci, 1973", 48283483,Pholidobolus prefrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,prefrontalis,,,,,"Montanucci, 1973", 48283526,Proctoporus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,bolivianus,,,,,"Werner, 1910","Oreosaurus lacertus Stejneger, 1913 is presently considered a valid species under the name Proctoporus lacertus (Goicoechea et al. 2013)." 48283564,Proctoporus cephalolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,cephalolineatus,,,,,"Garcia-Perez & Yustiz, 1995","In this assessment, specimens attributed to Riama inanis are referred to this species (Rivas et al. 2012)." 48283636,Proctoporus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,guentheri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1891)", 48283679,Proctoporus pachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,pachyurus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1845", 48283730,Proctoporus sucullucu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,sucullucu,,,,,"Doan & Castoe, 2003", 48283758,Proctoporus unsaacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,unsaacae,,,,,"Doan & Castoe, 2003", 48283802,Proctoporus xestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,xestus,,,,,"(Uzzell, 1969)", 48283868,Riama laudahnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,laudahnae,,,,,"(Köhler & Lehr, 2004)", 48294480,Sylvisorex corbeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,corbeti,,,,,"Hutterer & Montermann, 2009","Sylvisorex corbeti is another new species within the genus Sylvisorex, the composition of which is still largely unknown (Hutterer and Montermann 2009). It may be related to S. ollula, which is considerably smaller but otherwise similar (R. Hutterer pers. comm. 2017)." 48294834,Fukomys vandewoestijneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,vandewoestijneae,,,,,"Van Daele, Blondé, Stjernstedt & Adriaens, 2013","F. vandewoestijneae is placed with F. mechowii within the F. mechowii clade, alongside the F. bocagei clade (Van Daele et al. 2007). Historically it is thought this species is sympatric with F. mechowii, despite this no overlap in their current distribution has been established (Van Daele et al. 2013)." 48295791,Fukomys ilariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,ilariae,,,,,"Gippoliti & Amori, 2011","Fukomys ilariae is a recently described species, with a single specimen pelt used to determine the species (Gippoliti and Amori 2011). The specimen had previously been labelled as Georychus sp dunes (Gippoliti and Amori 2011). The genus Fukomys was assigned on morphological and biogeographical grounds (Gippoliti and Amori 2011)." 48295808,Lagidium ahuacaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CHINCHILLIDAE,Lagidium,ahuacaense,,,,,"Ledesma, Wener, Spotorno & Albuja, 2009", 48296479,Crocidura cranbrooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,cranbrooki,,,,,"Jenkins, Lunde & Moncrieff, 2009","Originally identified as Crocidura attenuata (Jenkins 1976), C. cranbrooki forms part of the group of larger Crocidura in the region including C. fuliginosa, C. sokolovi and C. attenuata (Jenkins et al. 2009)." 48296764,Crocidura annamitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,annamitensis,,,,,"Jenkins, Lunde & Moncrieff, 2009","The taxonomic history of this species is unknown, however there are patterns in species biogeography within Crocidura in the region. For example, C. annamitensis and C. sokolovi are currently known only from isolated high-elevation localities within the Annamite mountain chain (Jenkins et al. 2009)." 48296877,Crocidura guy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,guy,,,,,"Jenkins, Lunde & Moncrieff, 2009", 48297786,Crocidura panayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,panayensis,,,,,"Hutterer, 2007","This species forms part of the Philippine radiation of Crocidura sp. forming part of the central Philippines clade (Esselstyn and Brown 2009). Evidence suggests its closest taxonomic relative is its sister species Crocidura negrina, with Crocidura ninoyi also forming part of this clade (Giarla and Esselstyn 2015). The species was previous assigned as Crocidura palawanensis (Hutterer 2007)." 48297964,Rhipidomys itoan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,itoan,,,,,"de Andrade Costa, Geise, Pereira & Costa 2011",This species is monotypic (Tribe 2015). 48297988,Rhipidomys tribei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,tribei,,,,,"de Andrade Costa, Geise, Pereira & Costa, 2011",This species is monotypic (Tribe 2015). 48298233,Musseromys gulantang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Musseromys,gulantang,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Veluz & Jansa, 2009","Musseromys gulantang forms part of the same genus as Musseromys inopinatus, Musseromys beneficus, Musseromys anacuao, which have also recently been described on Luzon island in separate mountainous areas (Heaney et al. 2014). Evidence also supports a sister-taxon relationship between Musseromys and Carpomys (Heaney et al. 2014). M. gulantang is thought to be the only member of this genus to have successfully adapted to lowland environments (Heaney et al. 2014)." 48300296,Akodon polopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,polopi,,,,,"Jayat, Oritz, Salazar-Bravo, Pardiñas & d'Elías, 2010", 48329024,Dendrophidion graciliverpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,graciliverpa,,,,,"Cadle, 2012",Previously confused with Dendrophidion brunneum (see Cadle 2012). 47143372,Dactylagnus peratikos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactylagnus,peratikos,,,,,"Böhlke & Caldwell, 1961", 48321187,Alticus saliens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,saliens,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)", 47143421,Gillellus inescatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,inescatus,,,,,"Williams, 2002", 48342237,Ecsenius pardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,pardus,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342518,Entomacrodus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,williamsi,,,,,"Springer & Fricke, 2000", 47142330,Chaenopsis resh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,resh,,,,,"Robins & Randall, 1965", 46104232,Gobioclinus kalisherae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Gobioclinus,kalisherae,,,,,"(Jordan, 1904)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus kalisherae to the genus Gobioclinus. 47144741,Starksia elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,elongata,,,,,"Gilbert, 1971", 46104090,Ophioblennius macclurei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ophioblennius,macclurei,,,,,"(Silvester, 1915)", 48342182,Cirripectes gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,gilberti,,,,,"Williams, 1988", 46104807,Starksia ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,ocellata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 48342181,Omobranchus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,lineolatus,,,,,"(Kner, 1868)", 47142908,Ekemblemaria nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Ekemblemaria,nigra,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)", 48342233,Andamia pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Andamia,pacifica,,,,,"Tomiyama, 1955", 48342130,Salarias guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,guttatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 48342204,Ecsenius schroederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,schroederi,,,,,"McKinney & Springer, 1976", 47143869,Gobioclinus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Gobioclinus,filamentosus,,,,,"(Springer, 1959)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus filamentosus to the genus Gobioclinus. 46079873,Omobranchus mekranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,mekranensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 48342379,Istiblennius zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,zebra,,,,,"(Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875)", 47144922,Starksia occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,occidentalis,,,,,"Greenfield, 1979", 47142954,Emblemaria vitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,vitta,,,,,"Williams, 2002", 48342141,Omobranchus steinitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,steinitzi,,,,,"Springer & Gomon, 1975", 48342435,Enneapterygius qirmiz,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneapterygius,qirmiz,,,,,"Holleman & Bogorodsky, 2012", 48342164,Meiacanthus mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,mossambicus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 46104147,Hemiemblemaria simulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Hemiemblemaria,simulus,,,,,"Longley & Hildebrand, 1940", 48342329,Ecsenius lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,lineatus,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1962", 48342425,Cirripectes springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,springeri,,,,,"Williams, 1988", 48342345,Ecsenius niue,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,niue,,,,,"Springer, 2002", 48342217,Praealticus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,bilineatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 47143391,Dactyloscopus comptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,comptus,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 48320397,Alloblennius parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alloblennius,parvus,,,,,"Springer & Spreitzer, 1978", 46104170,Gillellus greyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,greyae,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1952", 48342433,Enchelyurus kraussii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Enchelyurus,kraussii,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 48342230,Ecsenius australianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,australianus,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342485,Praealticus margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,margaritatus,,,,,"(Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912)", 47144995,Starksia smithvanizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,smithvanizi,,,,,"Williams & Mounts, 2003", 48342394,Petroscirtes lupus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,lupus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1885)", 47141351,Acanthemblemaria greenfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,greenfieldi,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Palacio, 1974", 48342389,Entomacrodus decussatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,decussatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 48342238,Xiphasia matsubarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Xiphasia,matsubarai,,,,,"Okada & Suzuki, 1952", 48342530,Plagiotremus laudandus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,laudandus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1961)", 48342268,Malacoctenus polyporosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,polyporosus,,,,,"Springer, 1959",Formerly this species was considered a subspecies of Malacoctenus hubbsi (Hastings and Springer 2009). 48342209,Andamia heteroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Andamia,heteroptera,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)","The three species Andamia heteroptera, A. reyi and A. tetradactylus are currently confused taxonomically (J. Williams pers comm)." 46104173,Gillellus uranidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,uranidea,,,,,"Böhlke, 1968", 47143176,Emblemariopsis pricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,pricei,,,,,"Greenfield, 1975", 48342168,Omobranchus obliquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,obliquus,,,,,"(Garman, 1903)",Previously this species was recognized as a subspecies of Omobranchus rotundiceps. 48342493,Ecsenius axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,axelrodi,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342469,Ecsenius frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,frontalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","This species has three colour forms: frontalis and albicaudatus forms, occur throughout the species' range, but nigrovittatus form is unknown from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba." 48342513,Cirripectes castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,castaneus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 48342193,Chalaroderma ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Chalaroderma,ocellata,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 48342103,Cirripectes randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,randalli,,,,,"Williams, 1988", 48342346,Aspidontus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Aspidontus,taeniatus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1834",Until recently this species included Aspidontus tractus. The validity of A. tractus is questioned by Smith-Vaniz (1976) based on the fact that it is a mimic of Labriodes dimidiatus (Smith-Vaniz pers comm. 2009). 48342441,Istiblennius rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,rivulatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 48342148,Enchelyurus brunneolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Enchelyurus,brunneolus,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)", 46104142,Emblemariopsis bahamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,bahamensis,,,,,"Stephens, 1961", 48342264,Meiacanthus vicinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,vicinus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1987", 46104287,Paraclinus cingulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,cingulatus,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1899)", 48342464,Parablennius laticlavius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,laticlavius,,,,,"(Griffin, 1926)", 48342455,Parablennius postoculomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,postoculomaculatus,,,,,"Bath & Hutchins, 1986",Parablennius tasmanianus postoculomaculatus was recently been elevated to a full species (Bath 2008). 48342240,Ecsenius bandanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,bandanus,,,,,"Springer, 1971", 172376,Omobranchus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,zebra,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1868)",


48342284,Omobranchus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,smithi,,,,,"(Rao, 1974)", 48342185,Meiacanthus geminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,geminatus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342325,Petroscirtes springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,springeri,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342115,Blenniella chrysospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,chrysospilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 48342333,Ecsenius midas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,midas,,,,,"Starck, 1969", 46104160,Dactyloscopus moorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,moorei,,,,,(Fowler 1906), 48342505,Nannosalarias nativitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Nannosalarias,nativitatis,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)", 46104265,Malacoctenus gilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,gilli,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 46104109,Parablennius marmoreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,marmoreus,,,,,"(Poey, 1876)", 48342314,Stanulus talboti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Stanulus,talboti,,,,,"Springer, 1968", 48342197,Ecsenius paroculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,paroculus,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 46104430,Paraclinus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 46079868,Mimoblennius cirrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Mimoblennius,cirrosus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Springer, 1971", 47143216,Emblemariopsis ruetzleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,ruetzleri,,,,,"Tyler & Tyler, 1997", 48320326,Alloblennius jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alloblennius,jugularis,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 48342186,Praealticus oortii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,oortii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 46104176,Platygillellus rubrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Platygillellus,rubrocinctus,,,,,"(Longley, 1934)", 48342173,Ecsenius monoculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,monoculus,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342273,Praealticus multistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,multistriatus,,,,,"Bath, 1992", 47142915,Emblemaria biocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,biocellata,,,,,"Stephens, 1970", 48342260,Entomacrodus cymatobiotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,cymatobiotus,,,,,"Schultz & Chapman, 1960", 48342093,Meiacanthus atrodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,atrodorsalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 48342454,Dactyloscopus heraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,heraldi,,,,,"Dawson, 1975",Previously this species was considered a subspecies of Dactyloscopus byersi (Hastings and Springer 2009). 48342097,Plagiotremus ewaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,ewaensis,,,,,"(Brock, 1948)", 48342236,Meiacanthus naevius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,naevius,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1987", 196308,Omobranchus ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,ferox,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 48342351,Malacoctenus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,mexicanus,,,,,"Springer, 1959",This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Malacoctenus margaritae (Hastings and Springer 2009). 48342486,Cirripectes hutchinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,hutchinsi,,,,,"Williams, 1988", 48342153,Plagiotremus flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,flavus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976","Until recently, this species was recognized only as an allopatric subspecies of Plagiotremus laudandus (Hastings and Springer 2009)." 48342160,Enchelyurus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Enchelyurus,ater,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 47144987,Starksia sella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,sella,,,,,"Williams & Mounts, 2003", 48342332,Omobranchus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,elegans,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 48342218,Parenchelyurus hyena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parenchelyurus,hyena,,,,,"(Whitley, 1953)", 48342171,Omobranchus germaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,germaini,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)", 48342195,Ecsenius fijiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,fijiensis,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342451,Ecsenius yaeyamaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,yaeyamaensis,,,,,"(Aoyagi, 1954)", 48342385,Ecsenius bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,bicolor,,,,,"(Day, 1888)", 48342312,Omobranchus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,elongatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 48342282,Parablennius serratolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,serratolineatus,,,,,"Bath & Hutchins, 1986", 48342534,Entomacrodus chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,chapmani,,,,,"Springer, 1967", 47143351,Stathmonotus tekla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Stathmonotus,tekla,,,,,"Nichols, 1910",This species was previously considered a subspecies of Stathmonotus stahli (Hastings and Springer 2009). 47141727,Acanthemblemaria rivasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,rivasi,,,,,"Stephens, 1970", 48342428,Cirripectes quagga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,quagga,,,,,"(Fowler & Ball, 1924)", 48342092,Andamia amphibius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Andamia,amphibius,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 48342288,Medusablennius chani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Medusablennius,chani,,,,,"Springer, 1966",Medusablennius chani was first described in 1966 by V.G. Springer. This species has been assigned to the family Blenniidae but further research is needed to resolve the variability within the blennioid families. 48321164,Alticus montanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,montanoi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)", 46104133,Emblemaria atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,atlantica,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1898", 48321151,Alticus monochrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,monochrus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1869", 48342352,Cirripectes imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,imitator,,,,,"Williams, 1985", 48342162,Ecsenius sellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,sellifer,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342232,Enchelyurus flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Enchelyurus,flavipes,,,,,"Peters, 1868", 47143163,Emblemariopsis leptocirris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,leptocirris,,,,,"Stephens, 1970", 48342292,Stanulus seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Stanulus,seychellensis,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 48342129,Entomacrodus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,randalli,,,,,"Springer, 1967", 48342248,Cirripectes polyzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,polyzona,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1868)", 48342391,Petroscirtes pylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,pylei,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2005", 48342134,Istiblennius bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,bellus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 48342341,Ecsenius fourmanoiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,fourmanoiri,,,,,"Springer, 1972", 48342416,Meiacanthus fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,fraseri,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 18263684,Petroscirtes ancylodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,ancylodon,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 48321090,Alticus arnoldorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,arnoldorum,,,,,"(Curtiss, 1938)", 48342105,Cirripectes auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,auritus,,,,,"Carlson, 1981", 46104208,Gobioclinus bucciferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Gobioclinus,bucciferus,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus bucciferus to the genus Gobioclinus. 48342208,Mimoblennius cas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Mimoblennius,cas,,,,,"Springer & Spreitzer, 1978", 48342487,Antennablennius sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,sexfasciatus,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1923)",This species is considered valid (Patzner et al. 2009). Previously it was considered a synonym of Antennablennius bifilum (Springer and Spreitzer 1978). 48342125,Blenniella leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,leopardus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1904)", 48342200,Petroscirtes marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,marginatus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48320496,Alloblennius pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alloblennius,pictus,,,,,"(Lotan, 1969)", 48342320,Enchelyurus petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Enchelyurus,petersi,,,,,"(Kossmann & Räuber, 1877)", 47143394,Dactyloscopus crossotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,crossotus,,,,,"Starks, 1913", 47143144,Emblemariopsis bottomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,bottomei,,,,,"Stephens, 1961", 48342502,Parablennius intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,intermedius,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1915)",Parablennius tasmanianus caledoniensis is a junior synonym of P. intermedius (Bath 2008). 47143503,Platygillellus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Platygillellus,smithi,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 198632,Scartella cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartella,cristata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Scartella cristata is generally recognized to be a species complex. Currently it is under taxonomic review. The eastern Atlantic and Brazillian populations may represent separate species (Williams pers. comm. 2009). 48342471,Rhabdoblennius snowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Rhabdoblennius,snowi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1928)", 48342142,Omobranchus loxozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,loxozonus,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1906)", 46104153,Stathmonotus stahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Stathmonotus,stahli,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1899)", 46104167,Dactyloscopus tridigitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,tridigitatus,,,,,"Gill, 1859", 48342123,Ecsenius polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,polystictus,,,,,"Springer & Randall, 1999", 48342364,Ecsenius tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,tigris,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 196307,Meiacanthus anema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,anema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 47400952,Adelotremus leptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Adelotremus,leptus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Rose, 2012", 48342174,Mimoblennius atrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Mimoblennius,atrocinctus,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)", 48342359,Salarias segmentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,segmentatus,,,,,"Bath & Randall, 1991", 48342405,Meiacanthus bundoon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,bundoon,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342309,Petroscirtes xestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,xestus,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1906", 48342274,Cirripectes perustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,perustus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 48342521,Entomacrodus caudofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,caudofasciatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)", 48342234,Ecsenius lubbocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,lubbocki,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342177,Entomacrodus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1828)", 48342143,Rhabdoblennius papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Rhabdoblennius,papuensis,,,,,"Bath, 2004", 46104765,Paraclinus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 48342456,Ecsenius opsifrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,opsifrontalis,,,,,"Chapman & Schultz, 1952", 46104789,Paraclinus nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 46104211,Gobioclinus gobio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Gobioclinus,gobio,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus gobio to the genus Gobioclinus. 48342206,Ecsenius prooculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,prooculis,,,,,"Chapman & Schultz, 1952", 48342287,Cirrisalarias bunares,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirrisalarias,bunares,,,,,"Springer, 1976", 48342525,Aspidontus dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Aspidontus,dussumieri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 46104218,Gobioclinus guppyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Gobioclinus,guppyi,,,,,"(Norman, 1922)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus guppyi to the genus Gobioclinus. 48342477,Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,rhinorhynchos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 48342519,Rhabdoblennius rhabdotrachelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Rhabdoblennius,rhabdotrachelus,,,,,"(Fowler & Ball, 1924)", 48342290,Mimoblennius rusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Mimoblennius,rusi,,,,,"Springer & Spreitzer, 1978", 48342207,Meiacanthus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,reticulatus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 47143314,Stathmonotus gymnodermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Stathmonotus,gymnodermis,,,,,"Springer, 1955", 196310,Omox biporos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omox,biporos,,,,,"Springer, 1972","There are only two species in the genus Omox but they are easily distinguished (Springer 1981)." 48342196,Andamia cyclocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Andamia,cyclocheilus,,,,,"Weber, 1909", 48342109,Parablennius cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,cornutus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 48342252,Dactyloscopus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,fallax,,,,,"Dawson, 1975",Formerly this species was considered a subspecies of Dactyloscopus pectoralis (Hastings and Springer 2009). 48342191,Petroscirtes fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,fallax,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342298,Blenniella cyanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,cyanostigma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 48342303,Cirripectes chelomatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,chelomatus,,,,,"Williams & Maugé, 1983", 48342289,Praealticus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,striatus,,,,,"Bath, 1992", 47144901,Starksia melasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,melasma,,,,,"Williams & Mounts, 2003", 48342512,Ecsenius tessera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,tessera,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342422,Blenniella gibbifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,gibbifrons,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 48342496,Glyptoparus delicatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Glyptoparus,delicatulus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 48342511,Entomacrodus longicirrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,longicirrus,,,,,"Springer, 1967","Previously, this species was considered a subspecies of Entomacrodus thalassinus, but is now recognized as a valid species (Hastings and Springer 2009)." 47142918,Emblemaria caldwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,caldwelli,,,,,"Stephens, 1970", 48321442,Alticus sertatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,sertatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1903)", 48342120,Oman ypsilon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Oman,ypsilon,,,,,"Springer, 1985", 47143432,Gillellus jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Gillellus,jacksoni,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 48342427,Atrosalarias hosokawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Atrosalarias,hosokawai,,,,,"Suzuki & Senou, 1999", 46079924,Parablennius thysanius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,thysanius,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1907)", 48342137,Exallias brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Exallias,brevis,,,,,"(Kner, 1868)", 48342272,Meiacanthus phaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,phaeus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342285,Ecsenius gravieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,gravieri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1906)", 48342482,Istiblennius dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,dussumieri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 48319933,Alloblennius anuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alloblennius,anuchalis,,,,,"(Springer & Spreitzer, 1978)",Specimens recorded from Oman were tentatively identified and there is a possibility these could represent a different species. 47144628,Paraclinus naeorhegmis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,naeorhegmis,,,,,"Böhlke, 1960", 46079911,Parablennius opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,opercularis,,,,,"(Murray, 1887)", 48342100,Entomacrodus lighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,lighti,,,,,"(Herre, 1938)","Previously, this species was considered a subspecies of Entomacrodus stellifer, but is now recognized as a valid species (Hastings and Springer 2009)." 48342504,Ecsenius taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,taeniatus,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342376,Meiacanthus nigrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,nigrolineatus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1969", 48342524,Salarias luctuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,luctuosus,,,,,"Whitley, 1929", 48342150,Ecsenius caeruliventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,caeruliventris,,,,,"Springer & Allen, 2004", 48342108,Omobranchus aurosplendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,aurosplendidus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 48342417,Meiacanthus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,lineatus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)",A report of Meiacanthus lineatus from Sulu Archipelago (Smith-Vaniz 1976) was subsequently shown to be based on a misidentification of M. abditus (Smith-Vaniz 1987). 48321143,Alticus magnusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,magnusi,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1964)",This species used to be considered as a subspecies of Alticus kirkii; it is now known as a distinct species (J.T. Williams pers comm. 2009). 47142930,Emblemaria culmenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,culmenis,,,,,"Stephens, 1970", 48342475,Praealticus labrovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,labrovittatus,,,,,"Bath, 1992", 48342210,Cirripectes stigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,stigmaticus,,,,,"Strasburg & Schultz, 1953", 48342099,Meiacanthus tongaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,tongaensis,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1987", 48342178,Dactyloscopus insulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,insulatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1975",This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Dactyloscopus pectoralis (Hastings and Springer 2009). 172487,Omobranchus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,punctatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)",


48342254,Meiacanthus luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,luteus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1987", 48342281,Istiblennius steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,steindachneri,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)", 48342228,Entomacrodus corneliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,corneliae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1932)", 47141697,Acanthemblemaria medusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,medusa,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Palacio, 1974", 47144358,Malacoctenus boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,boehlkei,,,,,"Springer, 1959", 48342278,Ecsenius bathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,bathi,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 47144999,Starksia variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,variabilis,,,,,"Greenfield, 1979", 48342117,Cirripectes fuscoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,fuscoguttatus,,,,,"Strasburg & Schultz, 1953", 47144448,Malacoctenus erdmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,erdmani,,,,,"Smith, 1957", 48342419,Andamia expansa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Andamia,expansa,,,,,"Blyth, 1858", 48342126,Blenniella paula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,paula,,,,,"(Bryan & Herre, 1903)", 46080080,Petroscirtes mitratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,mitratus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1830", 48342122,Praealticus triangulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,triangulus,,,,,"(Chapman, 1951)", 48342170,Ecsenius oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,oculatus,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342144,Entomacrodus strasburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,strasburgi,,,,,"Springer, 1967", 48342133,Istiblennius flaviumbrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,flaviumbrinus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 48342305,Salarias sexfilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,sexfilum,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 48342277,Cirripectes alboapicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,alboapicalis,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1899)", 48342381,Omobranchus banditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,banditus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 48342158,Meiacanthus limbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,limbatus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1987", 46104116,Acanthemblemaria aspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,aspera,,,,,"(Longley, 1927)", 48342410,Laiphognathus longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Laiphognathus,longispinis,,,,,"Murase, 2007", 48342243,Salarias sibogai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,sibogai,,,,,"Bath, 1992", 47144466,Malacoctenus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,versicolor,,,,,"(Poey, 1876)", 48342253,Antennablennius velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,velifer,,,,,"Smith, 1959",This species was previously considered a synonym of Antennablennius variopunctatus. 48342101,Ecsenius ops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,ops,,,,,"Springer & Allen, 2001", 47144544,Paraclinus grandicomis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,grandicomis,,,,,"(Rosén, 1911)", 48342516,Salarias alboguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,alboguttatus,,,,,"Kner, 1867", 46104150,Stathmonotus hemphillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Stathmonotus,hemphillii,,,,,"Bean, 1885", 47143154,Emblemariopsis dianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,dianae,,,,,"Tyler & Hastings, 2004", 48342179,Ecsenius shirleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,shirleyae,,,,,"Springer & Allen, 2004", 198774,Parablennius pilicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,pilicornis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 48342221,Entomacrodus solus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,solus,,,,,"Williams & Bogorodsky, 2010", 47142326,Chaenopsis megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,megalops,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2000", 48342366,Plagiotremus tapeinosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,tapeinosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 48342321,Istiblennius lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,lineatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 48342349,Ecsenius melarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,melarchus,,,,,"McKinney & Springer, 1976", 48342111,Salarias fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,fasciatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)", 48342176,Entomacrodus rofeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,rofeni,,,,,"Springer, 1967", 47144911,Starksia nanodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,nanodes,,,,,"Böhlke & Springer, 1961","Baldwin et al. 2011 revealed that most broadly distributed species of Starksia are comprised of a complex of species with discrete distributions. Assignment to a specific species requires barcode data for specimens outside the type locality. Since no barcode data are available for the Gulf of Mexico, all that can be concluded is that the population is a member of the S. nanodes species complex (B. Smith-Vaniz and R. Robertson pers. comm. 2015)." 48342119,Omobranchus fasciolatoceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,fasciolatoceps,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 48342280,Meiacanthus procne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,procne,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342436,Ecsenius isos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,isos,,,,,"McKinney & Springer, 1976", 48342442,Istiblennius meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,meleagris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 46080101,Plagiotremus townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,townsendi,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 48321557,Alticus simplicirrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,simplicirrus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Springer, 1971", 48342378,Meiacanthus urostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,urostigma,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, Satapoomin & Allen, 2001", 47141289,Acanthemblemaria betinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,betinensis,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Palacio, 1974", 48342149,Ecsenius dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,dentex,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342154,Meiacanthus grammistes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,grammistes,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 46104077,Lupinoblennius vinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Lupinoblennius,vinctus,,,,,"(Poey, 1867)",Lupinoblennius dispar has recently been recognised as a junior synonym of L. vinctus (Bath 1996). 46104199,Brockius albigenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Brockius,albigenys,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus albigenys to the genus Brockius. 48342529,Omobranchus verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,verticalis,,,,,"Springer & Gomon, 1975", 48342256,Salarias patzneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,patzneri,,,,,"Bath, 1992", 47143173,Emblemariopsis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,occidentalis,,,,,"Stephens, 1970", 48342201,Entomacrodus niuafoouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,niuafoouensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1932)", 48342225,Petroscirtes breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,breviceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 47143213,Emblemariopsis randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,randalli,,,,,"Cervigón, 1965", 47141293,Acanthemblemaria chaplini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,chaplini,,,,,"Böhlke, 1957", 47145002,Starksia y-lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,y-lineata,,,,,"Gilbert, 1965", 48342187,Petroscirtes variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,variabilis,,,,,"Cantor, 1849", 48342431,Blenniella interrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,interrupta,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 48342250,Ecsenius lividanalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,lividanalis,,,,,"Chapman & Schultz, 1952", 48342489,Blenniella caudolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,caudolineata,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 47142337,Chaenopsis stephensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,stephensi,,,,,"Robins & Randall, 1965", 21132053,Labrisomus nuchipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Labrisomus,nuchipinnis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Labrisomus nuchipinnis is likely a species complex and there is only one species in the Gulf of Mexico (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). The holotype of L. nuchipinnis is from Brazil, so the name will change." 47143381,Dactyloscopus boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,boehlkei,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 48342223,Parablennius tasmanianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,tasmanianus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1842)",Blennius maoricus is now a junior synonym of Parablennius tasmanianus (Bath 2008). 48342183,Ecsenius bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,bimaculatus,,,,,"Springer, 1971", 48342213,Entomacrodus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,striatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 47143866,Haptoclinus apectolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Haptoclinus,apectolophus,,,,,"Böhlke & Robins, 1974", 48342388,Plagiotremus spilistius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,spilistius,,,,,"Gill, 1865", 48342402,Cirripectes variolosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,variolosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 48342535,Ecsenius mandibularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,mandibularis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1923", 48342265,Entomacrodus thalassinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,thalassinus,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 48342152,Omobranchus hikkaduwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,hikkaduwensis,,,,,"Bath, 1983", 46104251,Malacoctenus aurolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,aurolineatus,,,,,"Smith, 1957", 48342397,Meiacanthus oualanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,oualanensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)",Previously this species was recognized as a subspecies of Meiacanthus atrodorsalis (Smith-Vaniz 1976); it is now recognized as a separate species (Smith-Vaniz 1987). 48342372,Ecsenius minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,minutus,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1963", 46104272,Malacoctenus triangulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,triangulatus,,,,,Springer 1959," Malacoctenus triangulatus is a species complex. There is at least one species in the Gulf. Further work is needed to determine how many species and where they are found, however, we assessed M. triangulatus as one species that is endemic to the Western Central Atlantic." 48342383,Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,epalzeocheilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1859)", 47144896,Starksia hassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,hassi,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1958", 47141570,Acanthemblemaria maria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,maria,,,,,"Böhlke, 1961","Acanthemblemaria spinosa is commonly misidentified as A. maria in photo guides (Humann and DeLoach 2002, Wilk 2003), and on the internet. The ""Punk Blenny"" (Wilk 2003) is actually A. maria. (R. Eytan pers. comm). This may also be a species complex." 48342166,Aspidontus tractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Aspidontus,tractus,,,,,"Fowler, 1903",Until recently this species included Aspidontus tractus. The validity of A. tractus is questioned by Smith-Vaniz (1976) based on the fact that it is a mimic of Labriodes dimidiatus (Smith-Vaniz pers comm. 2009). 47144698,Starksia culebrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,culebrae,,,,,"(Evermann & Marsh, 1899)", 48342219,Blenniella bilitonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Blenniella,bilitonensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 48342411,Rhabdoblennius nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Rhabdoblennius,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Bath, 2004", 47144580,Paraclinus infrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,infrons,,,,,"Böhlke, 1960", 48342440,Andamia tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Andamia,tetradactylus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)","The three species Andamia heteroptera, A. reyi and A. tetradactylus are currently confused taxonomically (J. Williams pers comm)." 47143398,Dactyloscopus foraminosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,foraminosus,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 48342407,Andamia reyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Andamia,reyi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)","The three species Andamia heteroptera, A. reyi and A. tetradactylus are currently confused taxonomically (J. Williams pers comm)." 48342342,Praealticus natalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,natalis,,,,,"(Regan, 1909)", 47142333,Chaenopsis roseola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,roseola,,,,,"Hastings & Shipp, 1981", 48342328,Ecsenius randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,randalli,,,,,"Springer, 1991", 48342444,Atrosalarias holomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Atrosalarias,holomelas,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)",Previously this species was considered a subspecies of Atrosalarias fuscus (Hastings and Springer 2009). 48342339,Ecsenius tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,tricolor,,,,,"Springer & Allen, 2001", 47401609,Alloblennius frondiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alloblennius,frondiculus,,,,,"Allen, 2012", 46104241,Brockius nigricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Brockius,nigricinctus,,,,,"(Howell Rivero, 1936)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus nigricinctus to the genus Brockius. 48342498,Ecsenius alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,alleni,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342467,Parablennius lodosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,lodosus,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 46104124,Chaenopsis limbaughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,limbaughi,,,,,"Robins & Randall, 1965", 48342501,Ecsenius portenoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,portenoyi,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342128,Salarias nigrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,nigrocinctus,,,,,"Bath, 1996", 46104864,Starksia starcki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,starcki,,,,,"Gilbert, 1971", 47142944,Emblemaria hyltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,hyltoni,,,,,"Johnson & Greenfield, 1976", 48342488,Rhabdoblennius nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Rhabdoblennius,nitidus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 47143206,Emblemariopsis ramirezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,ramirezi,,,,,"(Cervigón, 1999)", 48342259,Antennablennius ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Antennablennius,ceylonensis,,,,,"Bath, 1983", 48342244,Chalaroderma capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Chalaroderma,capito,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 48342420,Omobranchus woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,woodi,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)", 47142927,Emblemaria caycedoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,caycedoi,,,,,"Acero, 1984", 48342294,Meiacanthus cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,cyanopterus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Allen, 2011", 48342448,Dodekablennos fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Dodekablennos,fraseri,,,,,"Springer & Spreitzer, 1978", 48342449,Ecsenius aroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,aroni,,,,,"Springer, 1971", 48342523,Malacoctenus sudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,sudensis,,,,,"Springer, 1959",This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Malacoctenus zonifer (Hastings and Springer 2009). 48342269,Ecsenius stigmatura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,stigmatura,,,,,"Fowler, 1952", 48342316,Praealticus tanegasimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,tanegasimae,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1906)", 48342306,Cirripectes jenningsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,jenningsi,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 47142899,Coralliozetus cardonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Coralliozetus,cardonae,,,,,"Evermann & Marsh, 1899", 47144879,Starksia fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,fasciata,,,,,"(Longley, 1934)", 48342398,Meiacanthus crinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,crinitus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1987", 48342246,Atrosalarias fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Atrosalarias,fuscus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 46080159,Xiphasia setifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Xiphasia,setifer,,,,,"Swainson, 1839", 47141736,Acanthemblemaria spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,spinosa,,,,,"Metzelaar, 1919",Many pictures identified as Acanthemblemaria maria in guidebooks and on the internet are actually A. spinosa (R. Eytan pers. comm). 48342317,Ecsenius namiyei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,namiyei,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1902)", 48342445,Meiacanthus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,smithi,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1962", 48342145,Ecsenius pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,pictus,,,,,"McKinney & Springer, 1976", 48342492,Salarias obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,obscurus,,,,,"Bath, 1992", 47143309,Lucayablennius zingaro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Lucayablennius,zingaro,,,,,"(Böhlke, 1957)", 48342337,Istiblennius unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,unicolor,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 48342412,Plagiotremus phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,phenax,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342462,Scartella emarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Scartella,emarginata,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 47143452,Leurochilus acon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Leurochilus,acon,,,,,"Böhlke, 1968", 46104227,Gobioclinus haitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Gobioclinus,haitiensis,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1928)",Lin and Hastings (2013) reallocated Labrisomus haitiensis to the genus Gobioclinus. 48342354,Salarias ramosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salarias,ramosus,,,,,"Bath, 1992", 48342373,Meiacanthus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,vittatus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342283,Meiacanthus erdmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,erdmanni,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Allen, 2011", 48342392,Plagiotremus goslinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Plagiotremus,goslinei,,,,,"(Strasburg, 1956)", 48342229,Praealticus caesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,caesius,,,,,"(Seale, 1906)", 48342458,Ecsenius nalolo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,nalolo,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 48342271,Istiblennius muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Istiblennius,muelleri,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)", 48342466,Meiacanthus kamoharai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,kamoharai,,,,,"Tomiyama, 1956", 48342089,Cirripectes obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,obscurus,,,,,"(Borodin, 1927)", 46080027,Pereulixia kosiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Pereulixia,kosiensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 48342307,Ecsenius aequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,aequalis,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 48342356,Entomacrodus lemuria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,lemuria,,,,,"Springer & Fricke, 2000", 47143407,Dactyloscopus poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,poeyi,,,,,"Gill, 1861", 48342362,Laiphognathus multimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Laiphognathus,multimaculatus,,,,,"Smith, 1955", 48342357,Mimoblennius lineathorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Mimoblennius,lineathorax,,,,,"Fricke, 1999", 48342198,Ecsenius collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,collettei,,,,,"Springer, 1972", 48342258,Parablennius cyclops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,cyclops,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 48321178,Alticus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,orientalis,,,,,"Tomiyama, 1955", 46104139,Emblemaria piratula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,piratula,,,,,"Ginsburg & Reid, 1942", 48342499,Cirripectes vanderbilti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,vanderbilti,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 48342508,Ecsenius oculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,oculus,,,,,"Springer, 1971", 48342326,Entomacrodus sealei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,sealei,,,,,"Bryan & Herre, 1903", 47141401,Acanthemblemaria johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,johnsoni,,,,,"Almany & Baldwin, 1996", 48342371,Cirripectes kuwamurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Cirripectes,kuwamurai,,,,,"Fukao, 1984", 48342400,Praealticus poptae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,poptae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1925)", 48342437,Paralticus amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Paralticus,amboinensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 48342460,Meiacanthus abditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,abditus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1987", 48342414,Entomacrodus textilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Entomacrodus,textilis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 47144430,Malacoctenus delalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Malacoctenus,delalandii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 47144528,Paraclinus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Paraclinus,barbatus,,,,,"Springer, 1955", 48342300,Petroscirtes thepassii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Petroscirtes,thepassii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 48342473,Litobranchus fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Litobranchus,fowleri,,,,,"(Herre, 1936)", 48342295,Meiacanthus ditrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,ditrema,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1976", 48342262,Ecsenius stictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ecsenius,stictus,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 46104127,Chaenopsis ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Chaenopsis,ocellata,,,,,"Gill, 1865", 48342409,Haptogenys bipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Haptogenys,bipunctata,,,,,"(Day, 1876)", 48440960,Fejervarya sakishimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,sakishimensis,,,,,"Matsui, Toda & Ota, 2008","This species was split from F. limnocharis by Matsui, Toda and Ota (2007)." 58226,Odorrana tormota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,tormota,,,,,"(Wu, 1977)","Tadpoles of this species have never been recorded, and so it has been argued that this form should not be assigned to the genus Amolops but instead to Odorrana. It has since been placed in Odorrana (Fei et al. 2009)." 48442564,Liolaemus disjunctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,disjunctus,,,,,"Laurent, 1990","Species delimitation within this group is complicated by the use of limited morphological characters for comparison in earlier descriptions (Aguilar et al. 2017). Liolaemus disjunctus was described from a ""doubtful"" type locality (Aguilar et al. 2017) at the northern limit of this genus' distribution, and there is no evidence from recent fieldwork that this or any other species of Liolaemus occurs here (C. Aguilar pers. comm. 2015). It is likely that L. disjunctus represents a known species of Liolaemus, but was described as a different taxon on the basis of this erroneous type locality (Aguilar et al. 2017)." 48442579,Liolaemus incaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,incaicus,,,,,"Lobo, Quinteros & Gómez, 2007", 48442648,Liolaemus insolitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,insolitus,,,,,"Cei, 1982","According to C. Aguilar, preliminary molecular data suggests that the lowland populations between the type locality and southern Peru may be different, undescribed species (C. Aguilar pers. comm. 2016)." 48442664,Liolaemus ortizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ortizii,,,,,"Laurent, 1982", 48442676,Liolaemus polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,polystictus,,,,,"Laurent, 1992", 48442691,Liolaemus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,robustus,,,,,"Laurent, 1992", 48442700,Liolaemus tacnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tacnae,,,,,"(Shreve, 1941)", 48442719,Phyllodactylus angustidigitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,angustidigitus,,,,,"Dixon & Huey, 1970", 48442737,Phyllodactylus delsolari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,delsolari,,,,,"Venegas, Townsend, Koch & Böhme, 2008", 48442746,Phyllodactylus gerrhopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,gerrhopygus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 48442779,Phyllodactylus johnwrighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,johnwrighti,,,,,"Dixon & Huey, 1970", 48442821,Phyllodactylus kofordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,kofordi,,,,,"Dixon & Huey, 1970", 48442832,Phyllodactylus lepidopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,lepidopygus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 48442905,Phyllodactylus microphyllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,microphyllus,,,,,"Cope, 1876",Molecular data indicate that this species actually comprises two species. 48442971,Phyllodactylus sentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,sentosus,,,,,"Dixon & Huey, 1970", 48442988,Phyllodactylus thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,thompsoni,,,,,"Venegas, Townsend, Koch & Böhme, 2008", 48442997,Phyllodactylus wirshingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,wirshingi,,,,,"Kerster & Smith, 1955", 48443145,Phyllodactylus rutteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,rutteni,,,,,"Hummelinck, 1940", 48443235,Phyllodactylus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,pumilus,,,,,"Dixon & Huey, 1970", 48443606,Phyllodactylus dixoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,dixoni,,,,,"Rivero-Blanco & Lancini, 1968", 48443616,Phyllodactylus galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,galapagensis,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 48443661,Phyllodactylus gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,gilberti,,,,,"Heller, 1903", 48443739,Phyllodactylus leoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,leoni,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, Carvajal-Campos Barnes, Nicholls & Pozo-Andrade, 2013", 48443898,Phyllopezus lutzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllopezus,lutzae,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1941)", 48443921,Phyllopezus maranjonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllopezus,maranjonensis,,,,,"Koch, Venegas & Böhme, 2006", 48443938,Phyllopezus periosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllopezus,periosus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1986", 48443950,Phyllopezus pollicaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllopezus,pollicaris,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 48444020,Gonatodes atricucullaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,atricucullaris,,,,,"Noble, 1921", 48444161,Dicrodon guttulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Dicrodon,guttulatum,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 48444179,Dicrodon heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Dicrodon,heterolepis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 48444200,Dicrodon holmbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Dicrodon,holmbergi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1957",This species needs further taxonomic research. 48444267,Microlophus stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,stolzmanni,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)", 48444306,Microlophus theresiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,theresiae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1901)", 48444321,Microlophus thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,thoracicus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 48444342,Microlophus tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,tigris,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 48444381,Microlophus theresioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,theresioides,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1966)", 48444454,Microlophus atacamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,atacamensis,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1960)", 48444603,Microlophus delanonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,delanonis,,,,,"(Baur, 1890)", 48444650,Microlophus duncanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,duncanensis,,,,,"(Baur, 1890)", 48444750,Microlophus grayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,grayii,,,,,"(Bell, 1843)", 48444784,Microlophus habelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,habelii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)","This species represents the oldest lineage of Microlophus on the Galápagos Islands, and so is more evolutionarily distinct than other members of the group (Benavides et al. 2007)." 48444876,Microlophus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 48444939,Microlophus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,pacificus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 48445063,Microlophus quadrivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,quadrivittatus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1845", 170351,Thunnus tonggol,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,tonggol,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 48480308,Lasioglossum ragusanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Lasioglossum,ragusanum,,,,,(Blüthgen 1931), 48495484,Hylaeus stigmorhinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,COLLETIDAE,Hylaeus,stigmorhinus,,,,,"(Pérez, 1896)","Hylaues stigmorhinus belongs to the Hylaeus gibbus group and the taxonomy was partly revisited (Straka and Bogusch 2011). A number of problems arose, including the status of H. stigmorhinus and H. praenotatus has to be clarified." 47982068,Sphecodes cypricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,HALICTIDAE,Sphecodes,cypricus,,,,,"Blüthgen, 1938", 47268032,Bubas bison,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bubas,bison,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 47268143,Bubas bubaloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bubas,bubaloides,,,,,"Janssens, 1938",Previously considered as a subspecies of B. bubalus (Oliv). It was separated from B. bubalus by Janssens in 1938. 47268146,Bubas bubalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Bubas,bubalus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1811)",Bubas bubaloides (Janssens 1938) was previously considered a subspecies of Bubas bubalus (Olivier 1811). 47268179,Cheironitis furcifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cheironitis,furcifer,,,,,"(Rossi, 1792)", 47267961,Copris pueli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,pueli,,,,,"Mollandin de Boissy, 1905",This is a vicariant species of C. lunaris in the Maghreb region. 47267970,Copris umbilicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,umbilicatus,,,,,"Abeille de Perrin, 1901", 47268384,Euonthophagus crocatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euonthophagus,crocatus,,,,,"(Mulsant & Godart, 1870)", 47268402,Euonthophagus tissoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Euonthophagus,tissoni,,,,,"(Reitter, 1906)",Zunino (1971) established the synonymy of E. tissoni with E. hannas (Sahlberg 1908). 47268005,Gymnopleurus sturmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Gymnopleurus,sturmi,,,,,"MacLeay, 1821", 47268210,Onitis belial,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,belial,,,,,"Fabricius, 1798", 47268331,Onitis ion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,ion,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)", 47413786,Onthophagus albarracinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,albarracinus,,,,,"Baraud, 1979", 47942299,Onthophagus anatolicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,anatolicus,,,,,"Petrovitz, 1962", 47414308,Onthophagus andalusicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,andalusicus,,,,,"Waltl, 1835", 47942426,Onthophagus atricapillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,atricapillus,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1908", 47942301,Onthophagus bonsae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bonsae,,,,,"Zunino, 1976", 47942303,Onthophagus bytinskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,bytinskii,,,,,"Balthasar, 1960","One specimen, designed by Zunino (1976) as a paralectotype male of O. furciceps Marseul, 1869 (in Marseul collection MHNH) from the Bekaa valley, Lebanon, is actually a specimen of O.bytinskii (Ziani and Gudenzi 2006)." 47942428,Onthophagus circulator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,circulator,,,,,"Reitter, 1891","Onthophagus circulator is, according to Zunino (1978), nomen inquirendum (Reitter 1891, Ziani and Gudenzi 2001)." 47414313,Onthophagus dellacasai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,dellacasai,,,,,"Pittino & Mariani, 1981","This species belongs to the ovatus group and this group of species is characterised by similar external morphology. Only the study of laminae of the internal sac of the aedeagus enables the identification of the species. Thus, many old records from the species from the ovatus group could be attributed to the species O. dellacasai." 47942229,Onthophagus falzonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,falzonii,,,,,"Goidanich, 1926", 47942346,Onthophagus hermonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hermonensis,,,,,"Baraud, 1982","Martin-Piera and Zunino (1986) incorrectly synonymized O. hermonensis with O. ruficapillus Brullé, 1832. Pittino (2004) agreed with Ziani and Gudenzi (2001) who considered O. hermonensis as a valid and separate species.

This species belongs to the ovatus group and this group of species is characterized by similar external morphology. Only the study of laminae of the internal sac of the aedeagus enables the identification of the species." 47414647,Onthophagus hirtus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,hirtus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1803)", 47414316,Onthophagus latigena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,latigena,,,,,"d'Orbigni, 1897", 47414319,Onthophagus massai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,massai,,,,,"Baraud, 1975","

Falahee and Angus (2010), using a chromosomal approach, considered O. massai as a valid species and not a synonym of O. fracticornis. Pizzo et al. (2011), using a combination of geometric morphometric and genetic approaches, argued that there was not sufficient evidence to vindicate the species status for O. massai, which should more likely be considered a small-sized form of O. fracticornis.


" 47413784,Onthophagus melitaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,melitaeus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 47414321,Onthophagus merdarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,merdarius,,,,,"Chevrolat, 1865", 47414636,Onthophagus nigellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,nigellus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1803)", 47942297,Onthophagus numidicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,numidicus,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1908", 47414331,Onthophagus opacicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,opacicollis,,,,,"Reitter, 1893","

Onthophagus opacicollis and O. similis are considered close species. The genetic distances between O. opacicollis and O. similis populations as a function of the biogeographic scenery (allopatry vs. sympatry) indicate that these taxa are not completely reproductively isolated across their entire geographic range, thus suggesting a still unfinished speciation process in sympatric areas and a fully realised speciation by means of ecological segregation in allopatry (Pizzo et al. 2013). In Spain, both the existence of some gene flow between O. opacicollis and O. similis in one place (El Barraco, Central Spain) and isolation in others (Sierra Nevada, southeast Spain) was demonstrated. Geographic areas hosting populations of both taxa with intermediate genetic distances (Doñana, southwest Spain) also exist in the Iberian Peninsula (Martín-Piera and Boto 1999). However, a chromosomal analysis showed no evidence of hybridization between O. similis and O. opacicollis where they occur together in central Spain (Angus 2008).

" 47942395,Onthophagus petrovitzianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,petrovitzianus,,,,,"Pittino, 2006",

47414645,Onthophagus punctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,punctatus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1803)","

Onthophagus punctatus  (Ill.) was previously confounded with O. emarginatus (Mul.) . The subgenus Parentius was created to include O. punctatus (Ill.) as type species, O. nigellus (Ill.), O. atricapillus d’Orb. and O. punctator Reitt (Zunino 1979). In 1981, O. emarginatus was restored to the status of good species (Branco 1981).

 

In a revision of the Paleartic species of the subgenus Parentius Zunino, 1979, Martín-Piera (1986) recorded Onthophagus (Parentius) punctatus ab. cupreolus Reitter, 1894, as a synonym of O. (Parentius) punctatus.

 

The synonymy between O. cupreolus Reitter, 1894, currently deemed a synonym of Onthophagus (Parentius) punctatus (Illiger,1803), and Onthophagus (Parentius) emarginatus Mulsant, 1842 is established  (Branco, 2003)." 47414335,Onthophagus sericatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,sericatus,,,,,"Reitter, 1893", 47942397,Onthophagus strabo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,strabo,,,,,"Reitter, 1892","Onthophagus strabo Reitter, 1892 was considered as a dubitative junior synonym of O. kindermanni Harold (Gillet and Boucomont, 1927, Winkler 1929, Panin 1957). Pittino (2004) considered O. strabo as a good species, closely allied but distinct from O. kindermanni and O. rodentium." 47942423,Onthophagus suermelii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,suermelii,,,,,"Petrovitz, 1963","

The species-group name was dedicated to Turk Yilmaz Sürmeli (Petrovitz 1963). According to Bezděk and Hájek (2013), its original spelling ‘sürmelii’ should be corrected to ‘surmelii’ (ICZN 1999: Art. 32.5.2) and not to ‘suermelii’ as applied by Baraud (1992), Kabakov (2006), Martín-Piera and Zunino (1985, 1986), Lobl et al. (2006) and Ziani et al. (2011).

" 47414460,Onthophagus trigibber,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,trigibber,,,,,"Reitter, 1893", 47415075,Ateuchetus cicatricosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchetus,cicatricosus,,,,,"(Lucas, 1846)", 47942437,Scarabaeus ritchiei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scarabaeus,ritchiei,,,,,"MacLeay, 1821",

47415086,Ateuchetus semipunctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchetus,semipunctatus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1792)", 47415088,Ateuchetus variolosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchetus,variolosus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 47414326,Onthophagus muelleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,muelleri,,,,,"Novak, 1921","

Krell (1990) reintroduced the name Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) muelleri Novak, 1921 and placed the replaced name Onthophagus novaki Gillet & Boucomont, 1927 as a synonym.

" 138107,Copris klugi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,klugi,,,,,"Harold, 1869","Matthews (1962) recognized two subspecies: C. k. klugi found in Aguascalientes, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebal, Veracruz, and C. k. sierrensis. However, López-Guerro et al. (2009), conducted a study of the internal genitalic characters of males and females of Copris klugi klugi Harold and Copris klugi sierrensis Matthews, and they decided that C. klugi Harold and C. sierrensis Matthews are two distinct species." 48616468,Stenocercus angel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,angel,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, 2000", 48616603,Stenocercus boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,boettgeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 48616620,Stenocercus chinchaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,chinchaoensis,,,,,"Venegas, Duran & Garcia-Burneo, 2013", 48616641,Stenocercus chlorostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,chlorostictus,,,,,"Cadle, 1991", 48616651,Stenocercus chrysopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,chrysopygus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900","The two colour morphs likely comprises different species (E. Lehr and P. Venegas, pers. comm. 2014)." 48616686,Stenocercus cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,cupreus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 48616735,Stenocercus empetrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,empetrus,,,,,"Fritts, 1972", 48616811,Stenocercus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,formosus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 48616920,Stenocercus huancabambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,huancabambae,,,,,"Cadle, 1991", 48616975,Stenocercus ivitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,ivitus,,,,,"Fritts, 1972", 48617106,Stenocercus latebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,latebrosus,,,,,"Cadle, 1998", 48617123,Stenocercus melanopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,melanopygus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 48617147,Stenocercus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,modestus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 48617180,Stenocercus nubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,nubicola,,,,,"Fritts, 1972", 48617241,Stenocercus ochoai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,ochoai,,,,,"Fritts, 1972", 48617269,Stenocercus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,orientalis,,,,,"Fritts, 1972", 48617345,Stenocercus ornatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,ornatissimus,,,,,"(Girard, 1857)", 48617373,Stenocercus percultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,percultus,,,,,"Cadle, 1991", 48617382,Stenocercus stigmosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,stigmosus,,,,,"Cadle, 1998",Some populations in the highlands of Cajamarca and La Libertad regions presently assigned to Stenocercus stigmosus may represent undescribed species (C. Aguilar pers. comm. 2014). 48617406,Atractus nigricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,nigricaudus,,,,,"Schmidt & Walker, 1943", 48617425,Atractus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,peruvianus,,,,,"(Jan, 1862)", 48617504,Dipsas schunkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,schunkii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)","Harvey (2008) found only weak morphological differentiation between this species and Dipsas peruana. While this author tentatively retained D. schunki as a valid species, he cautioned that further taxonomic work is needed to confirm this assignment." 48617604,Dipsas lavillai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,lavillai,,,,,"(Scrocchi, Porto & Rey, 1993)",Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. 48617612,Dipsas oligozonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,oligozonata,,,,,"(Orces & Almendariz, 1989)",Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. 48617620,Dipsas oneilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,oneilli,,,,,"(Rossman & Thomas, 1979)", 48617631,Dipsas jamespetersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,jamespetersi,,,,,"Arteaga, Salazar-Valenzuela, Mebert, Peñafiel, Aguiar, Sánchez-Nivicela, Pyron, Colston, Cisneros-Heredia, Yánez-Muñoz, Venegas, Guayasamin & Torres-Carvajal, 2018","Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. As the name Dipsas petersi was already preoccupied (by Dipsas indica petersi Hoge and Romano, 1975, sometimes treated as a full species), these authors coined the new name Dipsas jamespetersi for Sibynomorphus petersi (Orces & Almenariz, 1989).

Arteaga et al. (2018) found that D. jamespetersi was paraphyletic with respect to a sample of Dipsas vaga. As neither species was included in their revision further research is required to determine whether these taxa are genuinely conspecific or whether the GenBank sample of D. vaga used represents a misidentification (A. Arteaga pers. comm. 2018)." 48617674,Dipsas vagrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,vagrans,,,,,"(Dunn, 1923)",Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. 48617698,Dipsas vaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,vaga,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 48617731,Dipsas williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,williamsi,,,,,"(Carillo de Espinoza, 1974)",Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. 48617815,Tachymenis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tachymenis,affinis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 48617826,Tachymenis attenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tachymenis,attenuata,,,,,"Walker, 1945", 48617867,Tachymenis tarmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tachymenis,tarmensis,,,,,"Walker, 1945","This species may represent a misidentification of Tachymenis peruviana, which also occurs in this region (C. Aguilar pers comm. 2014)." 48617878,Micrurus margaritiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,margaritiferus,,,,,"Roze, 1967","Records of this species from Ecuador have been reassigned to Micrurus ornatissimus (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2015). It is possible that both species are in fact synonyms, however, this the taxonomic issues involved have not been fully resolved and work is underway to clarify this situation (J. Valencia pers. comm. 2016)." 48617889,Epictia alfredschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,alfredschmidti,,,,,"(Lehr, Wallach, Köhler & Aguilar, 2002)", 48617902,Epictia peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,peruviana,,,,,"(Orejas-Miranda, 1969)", 48617917,Epictia rubrolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,rubrolineata,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 48617938,Epictia teaguei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,teaguei,,,,,"(Orejas-Miranda, 1964)", 48617977,Epictia tesselata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,tesselata,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 48618008,Bothrops barnetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,barnetti,,,,,"Parker, 1938", 48618025,Bothrops pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,pictus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 164645,Paralaudakia erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,erythrogaster,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1896)",This species was assigned to the new genus Paralaudakia (from Laudakia) by Baig et al. (2012). 48632848,Nomada gredosiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,gredosiana,,,,,"Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2013", 48632858,Nomada kriesteni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,kriesteni,,,,,"Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2013", 48632862,Nomada mandibularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,mandibularis,,,,,"Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2013", 167337,Anax guttatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,guttatus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","
" 170408,Paralaudakia lehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,lehmanni,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1896)",This species was reassigned from Laudakia to the new genus Paralaudakia by Baig et al. (2012). 48635233,Ammobates melectoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Ammobates,melectoides,,,,,"(Smith, 1854)",Ammobates melectoides is often understood as a subspecies of A. oraniensis. Taxonomy of this species needs to be studied in detail in the future. 164597,Paralaudakia microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Paralaudakia,microlepis,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)","This species was reassigned from Laudakia to the new genus Paralaudakia by Baig et al. (2012). Baig (1992) and Baig et al. (2012) suggest that records from Turkmenistan historically attributed to Paralaudakia caucasia are probably attributable to P. microlepis, and that molecular analysis indicating that that these represent true P. caucasia (Macey et al. 1998) may have used sequences properly attributable to P. microlepis. It has been suggested that these may represent a hybrid population due to apparently intermediate characteristics between the two forms (Baig et al. 2012 and refs therein, Ananjeva et al. 2014), but further genetic research is needed to clarify this (Ananjeva et al. 2014). Pending resolution of this issue this account attributes Turkmen records to P. caucasia following Macey et al. (1998) and Ananjeva et al. (2014)." 12010,Liolaemus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,walkeri,,,,,"Shreve, 1938","Records from Chile previously attributed to this species have been described as a separate taxon, Liolaemus puna." 29437,Liolaemus etheridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,etheridgei,,,,,"Laurent, 1998",Was under Iguanidae. 29438,Liolaemus melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,melanogaster,,,,,"Laurent, 1998",Was under Iguanidae. 29440,Liolaemus thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,thomasi,,,,,"Laurent, 1998",Was under Iguanidae. 169714,Ctenoblepharys adspersa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Ctenoblepharys,adspersa,,,,,"Tschudi, 1845", 174100,Incaspis tachymenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Incaspis,tachymenoides,,,,,"(Schmidt & Walker, 1943)", 174141,Stenocercus nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,nigromaculatus,,,,,"Noble, 1924", 174142,Stenocercus praeornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,praeornatus,,,,,"Fritts, 1972", 174143,Tropidurus arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,arenarius,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 176229,Amphisbaena polygrammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,polygrammica,,,,,"Werner, 1900", 176358,Atractus paravertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,paravertebralis,,,,,"Henle & Ehrl, 1991", 176359,Atractus pauciscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,pauciscutatus,,,,,"Schmidt & Walker, 1943", 178209,Epictia melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,melanurus,,,,,"(Schmidt & Walker, 1943)", 178244,Stenocercus frittsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,frittsi,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, 2005", 178249,Stenocercus imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,imitator,,,,,"Cadle, 1991", 178335,Stenocercus crassicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,crassicaudatus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 178353,Liolaemus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,williamsi,,,,,"Laurent, 1992", 178372,Epictia tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,tricolor,,,,,"(Orejas-Miranda & Zug, 1974)", 178414,Stenocercus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,aculeatus,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1879)","Cadle (2001) stated that specimens of Stenocercus aculeatus may represent two or more species, based on the species' apparent disjunct distribution.  Until recently the name Stenocercusaculeatus was applied to two different species described as Leiocephalus aculeatus O´Shaughnessy, 1879 and L. angulifer Werner, 1901 from eastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru, respectively. These two names were synonymized by Burt and Burt (1931) as L. iridescens aculeatus, which was subsequently recognized as Ophryoessoides aculeatus (Etheridge 1966) and later as S. aculeatus (Frost 1992). Upon resurrection of S. angulifer, which occurs in eastern Ecuador, S. aculeatus was restricted to the departments of La Libertad, Loreto, and San Martín at elevations of 723-1311 m in northeastern Peru (Torres-Carvajal 2007)." 178489,Epictia rufidorsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,rufidorsa,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)", 178515,Morunasaurus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Morunasaurus,peruvianus,,,,,"Köhler, 2003", 178552,Stenocercus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,torquatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 178670,Stenocercus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,scapularis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 48835941,Phrynocephalus helioscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,helioscopus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","Further taxonomic studies are needed into the relationship between Phrynocephalus helioscopus and P. persicus; as some authors treat them as being conspecific. P. horvathi is variously treated as a subspecies of P. helioscopus or P. persicus; the latter is accepted by Barabanov and Ananjeva (2007). Specific status for P. saidalievi, previously included within P. helioscopus, has been confirmed by Solovyeva et al. (2014)." 170334,Tetrapturus belone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Tetrapturus,belone,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810","Western Atlantic records of Tetrapturus belone through the early 1960s are of T. pfluegeri (Robins and de Sylva 1963). Tetrapturus belone is very close to T. pfluegeri (Collette et al. 2006, Hanner et al. 2011).

Previously thought to be endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, an International Game Fish Association record from Madeira (June 1980), outside the Mediterranean has been identified, based on a photograph, Tetrapturus belone; identification is uncertain, however expert opinion (B. Collette, J. Graves, J. Schratwieser pers. comm. 2013) is that the record is likely to refer to Tetrapturus belone." 164630,Phrynocephalus luteoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,luteoguttatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 107652713,Phrynocephalus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,ornatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","Golubev (1998) recognizing Iranian populations as distinct, describing the new subspecies Phrynocephalus vindumi. Solovyeva et al. (2014) included only P o. vindumi in genetic analysis, with no samples from P. o. ornatus, leaving the appropriate status of this taxon unresolved, The genetic distance between the two taxa has subsequently been confirmed to be at a level typical of that between species in Phrynocephalus lizards (Macey et al. 2018). Consequently this account treats Phrynocephalus vindumi as a full species." 170413,Phrynocephalus przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,przewalskii,,,,,"Strauch, 1876", 57451,Mantella viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,viridis,,,,,"Pintak & Böhme, 1988",For the purposes of this assessment both the western and eastern subpopulations are considered to be this species (see Crottini et al. 2012). 170414,Phrynocephalus strauchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,strauchi,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1899","This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Phrynocephalus reticulatus Eichwald, 1831  (=Phrynocepallus ocellatus, see taxonomic note for P. reticulatus) (Szczerbak 2003)." 170416,Phrynocephalus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,versicolor,,,,,"Strauch, 1876","Wang and Fu (2004) investigated the systematics of the Phyrnocephalus versicolor species complex, which they defined to include P. przewalskii and P. frontalis as well as what were then understood to be eastern populations of P. versicolor (western ones apparently being attributable to P. guttatus). On the basis of molecular evidence, these authors synonymized all three taxa under the name P. przewalskii. The same results, however, revealed two hithero unsuspected, reciprocally monophyletic clades within the complex. Although P. versicolor sensu stricto appears to be a junior synonym of P. przewalskii based on the type locality (the type specimens themselves have not been examined to confirm this), Wang and Fu (2004) argue that the name should be applied instead to the separate northern clade (Clade E of Wang and Fu 2004) following ICZN rules on the conservation of prevailing usage. This arrangement has subsequently been accepted as valid (Babarov and Ananjeva 2007). The southern clade of the former P. versicolor complex is (as of April 2016) undescribed (Wang and Fu 2004).  Terbish et al. (2006), while noting that populations further north are likely attributable to P. guttatus, nevertheless included these records within P. versicolor, thereby extending its range into northern Mongolia, Russia and Siberian Kazakhstan. This account, however, follows Wang and Fu (2004) and Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008) (who assign all Kazakh records to P. guttatus) in restricting this species to China and southwest Mongolia. The population from Tuva in Siberia and the Altai Mountains described as the subspecies P. v. kulagini is likewise attributable to P. guttatus (Wang and Fu 2004). Barabanov and Ananjeva (2007) consider P. hispidus  a subspecies of Phrynocephalus versicolor, a scheme still adopted by the Reptile Database. On genetic grounds Solovyeva et al. (2014) identified a distinct clade within the P. versicolor complex from the Dzungarian Gobi to which they apply the name P. hispidus. This taxon was not formally redescribed and its distribution has yet to be accurately characterized, but is treated here as a separate taxon." 48790730,Racenaeschna angustistrigis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Racenaeschna,angustistrigis,,,,,"Calvert, 1958", 48810541,Heptaulacus syrticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Heptaulacus,syrticola,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1882", 48810543,Paracoptochirus petrovitzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Paracoptochirus,petrovitzi,,,,,"Branco & Baraud, 1987","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue to be published in 2015, all the subgenera will be upgraded to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 48810556,Ammoecius amplicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,amplicollis,,,,,"(Peyerimhoff, 1939)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 48810558,Ammoecius felscheanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,felscheanus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1904)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014). Its specific validity has been recently confirmed by Dellacasa et al. (2002).

" 48810560,Ammoecius franzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,franzi,,,,,"(Petrovitz, 1964)","

The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014).

" 48810562,Ammoecius naviauxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,naviauxi,,,,,"(Baraud, 1971)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 48832571,Anadia antioquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,antioquensis,,,,,"Arredondo, 2013", 48839132,Ablepharus lindbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,lindbergi,,,,,"Wettstein, 1960", 48839409,Ablepharus bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,bivittatus,,,,,"(Menetries, 1832)","Sindaco and Jeremçenko (2008) treat Ablepharus lindbergi, previously considered a subspecies of A. bivittatus, as a full species without discussion. This is now the scheme followed in some checklists (Uetz and Hallerman 2015), and A. lindbergi is considered a separate taxon here based on its distribution and differences in scalation (see Wagner et al. 2016)." 48889843,Lycodon orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,orientalis,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1880)", 48891023,Lycodon carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,carinatus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 48892759,Lycodon multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Maki, 1931)", 48892882,Lycodon stormi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,stormi,,,,,"Boettger, 1892", 164574,Lytorhynchus maynardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lytorhynchus,maynardi,,,,,"Alcock & Finn, 1896", 164565,Lytorhynchus ridgewayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lytorhynchus,ridgewayi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 63100,Dipturus oxyrinchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,oxyrinchus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

There is a possibility that this species is a complex, similar to the Dipturus batis-complex (Iglésias et al. 2010), but further taxonomic work is required.

" 161666,Neoraja caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Neoraja,caerulea,,,,,"(Stehmann, 1976)",Originally described in the genus Breviraja. 161673,Raja polystigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,polystigma,,,,,"Regan, 1923",In some areas of the Mediterranean Sea (particularly along the Italian coasts) this species is probably misidentified with Raja montagui. Further investigation is required into this and morphometric and genetic studies are still in progress (Mancusi et al. 2005). 161383,Neoraja iberica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Neoraja,iberica,,,,,"Stehmann, Séret, Costa & Baro, 2008", 63120,Raja asterias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,asterias,,,,,"Delaroche, 1809", 63125,Malacoraja kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Malacoraja,kreffti,,,,,"(Stehmann, 1978)", 161475,Hydrolagus lusitanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,lusitanicus,,,,,"Moura, Figueiredo, Bordalo-Machado, Almeida & Gordo, 2005",This species is most closely related to Hydrolagus affinis (Moura et al. 2005). 44207,Apristurus aphyodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,aphyodes,,,,,"Nakaya & Stehmann, 1998","The genus Apristurus contains at least 32 described species and a relatively large number of potentially undescribed ones. Morphological conservatism and, until recently, a lack of objectively defined characters makes this one of the most taxonomically confused shark genera (Compagno 1984, Nakaya and Sato 1999).

Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species-groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species), and spongiceps-group (10 species). A. aphyodes belongs to the spongiceps-group, characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length < 6% total length(TL)); 7 to 12 valves in the spiral intestine; upper labial furrows subequal to, or shorter than the lower furrows; a continuous supraorbital sensory canal." 161729,Dipturus nidarosiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,nidarosiensis,,,,,"(Storm, 1881)","

Dipturus nidarosiensis may be a composite species with a small and large morphotype similar to that seen in Dipturus batis-complex (Iglesias et al. 2010) and Dipturus oxyrinchus-complex. Further genetic research is needed before a taxonomic revision is made, but Dipturus nidarosiensis refers to the larger morphotype and for now the smaller morphotype is referred to as Dipturus sp., as described in the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) catalogue by Ebert and Stehmann (2013). 

" 161461,Leucoraja fullonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,fullonica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 161464,Leucoraja circularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,circularis,,,,,"(Couch, 1838)",Formerly called Raja circularis. Early papers often confused Leucoraja circularis and Leucoraja naevus. 161459,Raja maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,maderensis,,,,,"Lowe, 1838","

Raja maderensis, or a very similar species, is found in the Azores. The taxonomy and relationship of skates on these islands should be assessed. This species is now thought to be distinct from similar specimens from the Canary Islands and West Africa (Ebert and Stehmann 2013).

" 161705,Galeus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,murinus,,,,,"(Collett, 1904)","This species may have been confused with one other, and possibly two other species, causing uncertainty in some of the literature. Pristiurus jenseni Saemundsson, 1922, is considered a junior synonym of this species. Recent analyses indicate that life-history data collected from specimens of Galeus murinus are incompatible with Saemundsson’s (1922) description of Pristiurus jenseni and data on Galeus murinus, provided in Magnússon’s (2000) fishery survey. Consequently, two possibilities require investigation: (1) The synonym P. jenseni is a valid species from Iceland, larger than G. murinus, and commonly confused with it and/or (2) G. murinus is in part confused in Magnússon et al. (2000) with a larger species of Apristurus present in Iceland. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of G. murinus was conducted by Iglésias et al. (2005) and Pristiurus jenseni requires critical taxonomic examination." 161626,Leucoraja naevus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,naevus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)",This species was previously referred to as Raja naevus. Early papers often confused Cuckoo Ray with Sandy Ray (Lecoraja (Raja) circularis). 161622,Rajella kukujevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,kukujevi,,,,,"(Dolganov, 1985)", 61405,Leucoraja melitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,melitensis,,,,,"(Clark, 1926)",The subgenus Leucoraja was elevated to genus rank by McEachran and Dunn (1998). 48964586,Blommersia variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,variabilis,,,,,"Pabijan, Gehring, Köhler, Glaw & Vences, 2011", 48964577,Blommersia angolafa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,angolafa,,,,,"Andreone, Rosa, Noël, Crottini, Vences & Raxworthy, 2010", 48964580,Blommersia dejongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,dejongi,,,,,"Vences, Köhler, Pabijan & Glaw, 2010", 48964583,Blommersia galani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,galani,,,,,"Vences, Köhler, Pabijan & Glaw, 2010", 48985287,Lycodon hypsirhinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,hypsirhinoides,,,,,"(Theobald, 1868)", 54582,Bufo bankorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,bankorensis,,,,,"Barbour, 1908","This species has previously been considered to be a synonym of Bufo gargarizans (Cantor, 1842)." 49023155,Gyraulus huwaizahensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,huwaizahensis,,,,,"Glöer. & Naser, 2007", 49023693,Graecoanatolica dinarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Graecoanatolica,dinarica,,,,,"Kebpaçi, Koca & Yilidrim, 2012", 187678,Lappanella fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Lappanella,fasciata,,,,,"(Cocco, 1833)", 187775,Symphodus doderleini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,doderleini,,,,,"Jordan, 1890", 187756,Symphodus melanocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,melanocercus,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 187492,Symphodus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 187573,Symphodus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,rostratus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 49025509,Bythinella kazdaghensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,kazdaghensis,,,,,"Odabaşı & Georgiev, 2013", 164693,Telescopus rhinopoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,rhinopoma,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)","Determining the taxonomic identity of Telescopus rhinopoma has been complicated by inconsistencies in the characters measured for the same type specimens, and for different species, by multiple authors (Böhme 1977). This author declined to present a taxonomic treatment of this complex group of snakes but suggested based on their measurements that T. rhinopoma appeared to represent part of a cline of variation between T. tessellatus, T. martini (presently recognized as a subspecies or junior synonym of T. tessellatus) and T. fallax. No subsequent treatment appears to have investigated the validity of T. rhinopoma, although Nilson and Rastegar-Pouyani  (2013) note that it differs in scale counts from all western Iranian Telescopus (including both tessellatus and fallax)." 157266,Zamenis longissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Zamenis,longissimus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Two subspecies are recognized: Zamenis l. longissimus (Laurenti, 1768) is widely distributed in western, central and southern Europe, except in southern Italy and Sicily where it is replaced by Z. lineatus. Z. l. rechingeri Werner, 1932 is found in the larger Cyclades islands, in particular on Amorgos. 

The lack of standard procedures for distinguishing between Z. longissimus and Z. lineatus the two species have resulted in a lack of clarity regarding their relative range limits, complicated by the discovery of intermediate forms. Salvi et al. (2017) investigated the distributions of the the two taxa in Italy and found that this was smaller than previously recognized, and that at least some morphologically intermediate specimens were referrable to Z. longissimus, with none that could be unambiguously assigned to Z. lineatus." 194898,Solea aegyptiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,aegyptiaca,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1927","Some authors (Ben-Tuvia 1990, Tinti and Piccinetti 2000) claim that S. aegyptica is a synonym of S. solea. Some other authors consider S. aegyptica a valid species (Desoutter 1997, Borsa and Quignard 2001, Vachon et al. 2008). It is currently accepted as a valid species (Eschmeyer 2014).

It is often confused with the sympatric Solea vulgaris (Quensel, 1806), a junior synonym of Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758)." 194818,Paralepis speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Paralepis,speciosa,,,,,"Bellotti, 1878", 194815,Ophichthus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,rufus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 194844,Notoscopelus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Notoscopelus,elongatus,,,,,"(Costa, 1844)", 194840,Rhynchogadus hepaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Rhynchogadus,hepaticus,,,,,"(Facciolà, 1884)", 194838,Lepidion lepidion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Lepidion,lepidion,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 194821,Eretmophorus kleinenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Eretmophorus,kleinenbergi,,,,,"Giglioli, 1889","Although there have been concerns as to the taxonomic status of Eretmophorus kleinenbergi (Cohen 1986), it is currently considered a valid species (Eschmeyer 2014)." 194850,Nansenia iberica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Nansenia,iberica,,,,,"Matallanas, 1985","This species appears to have been newly described by Matallanas (1985) based on few specimens, although there are doubts about its validity (C. Papaconstantinou pers. comm. 2007). The taxonomy of the genus Nansenia needs revision, as there may be 1-2 hidden synonymies among the currently recognized species (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014). Further, the importance of vertebral counts to the correct identification of Nansenia species can be overlooked, resulting in misidentification of specimens in museum collections. These misidentifications have been perpetuated through checklists, and thus the true distribution of these species is often uncertain (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014)." 194819,Coelorinchus mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,mediterraneus,,,,,"Iwamoto & Ungaro, 2002", 194901,Paraliparis murieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,murieli,,,,,"Matallanas, 1984", 194900,Eutelichthys leptochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Eutelichthys,leptochirus,,,,,"Tortonese, 1959", 194814,Panturichthys fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,HETERENCHELYIDAE,Panturichthys,fowleri,,,,,"(Ben-Tuvia, 1953)", 194902,Cyclothone pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,pygmaea,,,,,"Jespersen & Tåning, 1926", 194893,Zebrus zebrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Zebrus,zebrus,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)", 194891,Thorogobius macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Thorogobius,macrolepis,,,,,"(Kolombatovic, 1891)", 194889,Speleogobius trigloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Speleogobius,trigloides,,,,,"Zander & Jelinek, 1976", 194887,Pseudaphya ferreri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudaphya,ferreri,,,,,"(de Buen & Fage, 1908)", 194885,Pomatoschistus tortonesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,tortonesei,,,,,"Miller, 1969",Pomatoschistus tortonesei was redescribed and separated from P. bathi (Miller 1982). 194884,Pomatoschistus quagga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,quagga,,,,,"(Heckel, 1837)", 194883,Pomatoschistus knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,knerii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1861)", 194882,Pomatoschistus bathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,bathi,,,,,"Miller, 1982", 194881,Odondebuenia balearica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Odondebuenia,balearica,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Fage, 1907)", 194879,Millerigobius macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Millerigobius,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Kolombatovic, 1891)", 194877,Gobius vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,vittatus,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1883", 194875,Gobius kolombatovici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,kolombatovici,,,,,"Kovačić & Miller, 2000", 194872,Gobius ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,ater,,,,,"Bellotti, 1888", 194871,Gammogobius steinitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gammogobius,steinitzi,,,,,"Bath, 1971", 194869,Didogobius splechtnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Didogobius,splechtnai,,,,,"Ahnelt & Patzner, 1995", 194868,Didogobius schlieweni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Didogobius,schlieweni,,,,,"Miller, 1993", 194867,Didogobius bentuvii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Didogobius,bentuvii,,,,,"Miller, 1966", 194865,Corcyrogobius liechtensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Corcyrogobius,liechtensteini,,,,,"(Kolombatovic, 1891)", 194863,Chromogobius zebratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chromogobius,zebratus,,,,,"(Kolombatovic, 1891)","Miller (1971) described two subspecies of Chromogobius zebratus, Chromogobius zebratus zebratus (Kolombatović, 1891) and Chromogobius zebratus levanticus Miller, 1971. Ahnelt and Patzner (1996) showed that there is no real morphological differences in supposed subspecies populations of C. zebratus, and that separation into two subspecies is not justified." 155226,Chromogobius quadrivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chromogobius,quadrivittatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1863)", 194862,Buenia affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Buenia,affinis,,,,,"Iljin, 1930","The two juvenile specimens that are known for this species in the Mediterranean Sea, off Banyuls, France, may be juveniles of Buenia jeffreysii (Kovacic and La Mesa 2010)." 194843,Opeatogenys gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Opeatogenys,gracilis,,,,,"(Canestrini, 1864)", 194960,Gouania willdenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gouania,willdenowi,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 194860,Microichthys sanzoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Microichthys,sanzoi,,,,,"Sparta, 1950", 194859,Microichthys coccoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Microichthys,coccoi,,,,,"Rüppell, 1852", 194845,Grammonus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,ater,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","It was inventoried under the name Oligopus ater in Risso (1810), and was recorded in Algeria under the name Grammonus armatus Dodelein (Dieuziede and Roland 1958)." 164592,Agamura persica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Agamura,persica,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)","As presently understood this species is monotypic (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). Szczerbak and Golubev (1996) highlight morphological differences which may justify treating the junior synonym Agamura cruralis as warranting at least subspecific status, but note that comparative material is insufficient to confirm this assignment." 194851,Microlipophrys adriaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Microlipophrys,adriaticus,,,,,"(Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883)", 194853,Microlipophrys dalmatinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Microlipophrys,dalmatinus,,,,,"(Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883)", 194854,Microlipophrys nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Microlipophrys,nigriceps,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1883)", 194855,Parablennius rouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,rouxi,,,,,"(Cocco, 1833)", 154972,Parablennius zvonimiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,zvonimiri,,,,,"(Kolombatovic, 1892)", 194856,Salaria basilisca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salaria,basilisca,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)","Lipophrys basiliscus (Valenciennes, 1836) is a commonly used synonym in the literature." 18376,Proterorhinus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Proterorhinus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)","All freshwater taxa of Proteorhinus were previously included under the name P. marmoratus, but morphological and molecular data show that the real P. marmorata does not enter pure freshwaters (Kottelat and Freyhof 2007).

As a result, in 2007 the freshwater taxa P. nasalis, P. semilunaris and P. tataricus were split from P. marmoratus and raised to species level. Nielson and Stepien (2009) identified a further freshwater species of the genus, which may be P. semipellucidus,  from the Caspian.Therefore any data on P. marmoratus may include data on these four taxa. Further work is required to clarify the taxonimic status of the Caspian Sea Proterorhinus." 23259,Gobius ophiocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,ophiocephalus,,,,,"Pallas, 1814", 194895,Tripterygion melanurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Tripterygion,melanurum,,,,,"Guichenot, 1850", 194896,Tripterygion tripteronotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Tripterygion,tripteronotum,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","Tripterygion tripteronotum was split into two distinct species, T. tripteronotum and T. tartessicum, based on genetic and morphological characteristics (Carreras-Carbonell et al. 2007)." 164589,Mediodactylus russowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,russowii,,,,,"(Strauch, 1887)","Mediodactylus has often been treated as a subgenus or synonym of Cyrtopodion. Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and that Mediodactylus warrants recognition as a valid genus. The nominate subspecies M. russowi russowi is distributed in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. The subspecies M. r. zarudnyi (Nikolsky, 1900) occurs in northeastern and eastern Iran (Khorasan and Sistan Provinces).

It is possible that the subspecific form M. r. kopalensis (Shnitnikov, 1928) from Kazakhstan will be revalidated as a species following additional molecular research; this form was not included in analysis or discussed by Bauer et al. (2013), who investigated the systematics of Palearctic naked-toed geckos." 157255,Tenuidactylus caspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,caspius,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1831)","Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and resurrected the name Tenuidactylus for the clade including the type species of this genus, T. caspius. The nominate subspecies T. c. caspium (Eichwald, 1831) is distributed throughout the species' range with the exception of Wulf Island (Azerbaijan) in the Caspian Sea, 12 km from the Apsheron Peninsula, where the endemic subspecies T. c. insularis (Akhmedow & Szczerbak, 1978) is found." 49186795,Nibea coibor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,coibor,,,,,(Hamilton 1822),There is a lot of taxonomic uncertainty for the correct name to be used for this species. There is a type locality but no type specimens which has created confusion in the identification of this species. We follow Eschmeyer's conclusion that N. coibor is a good species and concur that it is a valid name (K. Carpenter and N. L. Chao pers comm 2018). 49178332,Johnius distinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,distinctus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1916)", 49168598,Atrobucca marleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,marleyi,,,,,"(Norman, 1922)",Atrobucca marleyi was described on the basis of a single specimen collected from South Africa. It has been treated previously as a synonym of A. nibe and as a valid species. More research is needed to verify the validity of this species. See also the Red List assessment of A. nibe for further taxonomic explanation. 49145085,Argyrosomus beccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,beccus,,,,,"Sasaki, 1994", 195077,Umbrina canosai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,canosai,,,,,"Berg, 1895", 49188584,Pennahia macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pennahia,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Tang, 1937)","Records of this species along the western coast of the Malaysian peninsula refer to Pennahia ovata (Sasaki 1996, 2001)." 49218346,Stellifer brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1945)", 49186498,Miichthys miiuy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Miichthys,miiuy,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)", 49187091,Nibea mitsukurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,mitsukurii,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1900)", 49181893,Johnius philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,philippinus,,,,,"Sasaki, 1999", 49171768,Collichthys lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Collichthys,lucidus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)", 49180983,Johnius grypotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,grypotus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 49178040,Johnius carouna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,carouna,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49167129,Atrobucca bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,bengalensis,,,,,"Sasaki, 1995", 49169275,Atrobucca trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,trewavasae,,,,,"Talwar & Sathirajan, 1975", 46104933,Cynoscion regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,regalis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 49188717,Protonibea diacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Protonibea,diacanthus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)",The validity of the genus Protonibea is uncertain (L. Chao pers. comm. 2019) and therefore the generic-level placement of this species remains in doubt. 49181579,Johnius mannarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,mannarensis,,,,,"Mohan, 1971", 47148973,Stellifer magoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,magoi,,,,,"Anguilera, 1983", 172498,Johnius belangerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,belangerii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49188539,Pennahia argentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pennahia,argentata,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)", 49177767,Johnius borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,borneensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)",Johnius vogleri (Bleeker 1853) is a junior synonym of  this species.  49178446,Johnius dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,dorsalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)",This species was previously known as Johnius dussumieri in the Western Indian Ocean (Sasaki 1997). 49182929,Larimichthys polyactis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimichthys,polyactis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1877)", 49178958,Johnius elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,elongatus,,,,,"Mohan, 1976", 49188617,Pennahia ovata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pennahia,ovata,,,,,"Sasaki, 1996", 49186734,Nibea albiflora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,albiflora,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 49173267,Dendrophysa russelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Dendrophysa,russelii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 49187177,Nibea semifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,semifasciata,,,,,"Chu, Lo & Wu, 1963", 49173495,Johnius amblycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,amblycephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 49170868,Chrysochir aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Chrysochir,aureus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 49188255,Panna heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Panna,heterolepis,,,,,"Trewavas, 1977", 49184328,Macrodon atricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Macrodon,atricauda,,,,,"Gunther, 1880",Macrodon atricauda was revalidated by Carvalho-Filho et al. (2010). Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider 1801) was used prior to 2010. 49187711,Otolithes ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Otolithes,ruber,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Records of this species from western Indian Ocean may represent a new, undescribed species based on genetic (Zemlek et al. 2009) and morphological data (Sasaki 2001). There is evidence of northern and southern subpopulations in the western Indian Ocean (Kiper 2014)." 49218692,Umbrina robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,robinsoni,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908","Umbrina canariensis and U. ronchus were once recognised as separate species but taxonomic and genetic work (Hutchings and Griffiths 2005) have shown that these are one species with the correct name being U. robinsoni. The name Umbrina canariensis belongs to a separate, deep-water species." 195073,Cynoscion guatucupa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,guatucupa,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49171849,Collichthys niveatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Collichthys,niveatus,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1906", 49186781,Nibea chui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,chui,,,,,"Trewavas, 1971","Identification of species of Nibea is difficult, and records of this species outside of the Fujian Provence need to be verified (K. Sasaki pers. comm. 2016)." 49145403,Argyrosomus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,japonicus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)","The populations of this species in Australia and South Africa may represent two different species (Farmer 2008, Barnes et al. 2015). Argyrosomus amoyensis is most likely a junior synonym of A. japonicus (Taniguchi and Okada 2984, K. Sasaki pers. comm. 2016)." 49145334,Argyrosomus inodorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,inodorus,,,,,"Griffiths & Heemstra, 1995", 49167001,Atrobucca alcocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,alcocki,,,,,"Talwar, 1980", 49188068,Otolithoides biauritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Otolithoides,biauritus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)", 49169112,Atrobucca nibe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,nibe,,,,,"(Jordan & Thompson, 1911)","Smith and Heemstra (1986) placed Atrobucca marleyi in the synonymy of A. nibe, but Sasaki and Kailola (1988) regard the former as a separate species. There appear to be two genetic lineages of A. nibe in Taiwan (Lo et al. 2017; Wei-Jen Chen, National Taiwan University, pers. comm.); and South African A. nibe samples group together genetically, but appear to be a separate lineage from the Taiwanese Atrobucca spp (Wei-Jen Chen, National Taiwan University, pers. comm.). Thus either A. nibe represents a species complex and A. nibe in South Africa is a new species, or the South African specimens are another Atrobucca species - probably A. marleyi (Norman, 1922; Wei-Jen Chen, National Taiwan University, pers. comm.) Sasaki and Kailola 1988 were hesitant to designate Indian Bay of Bengal Atrobucca as A. nibe until more material was examined, as there were different gill raker and dorsal ray counts to East China Sea specimens." 49145114,Argyrosomus coronus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,coronus,,,,,"Griffiths & Heemstra, 1995", 49180541,Johnius fuscolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,fuscolineatus,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1923)","In the Western Indian Ocean, previously referred to as Johnius amblycephalus, which only occurs east of Pakistan (Sasaki 1997); see also Lo et al. (2017)" 49218207,Pterotolithus lateoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pterotolithus,lateoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 49187675,Otolithes cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Otolithes,cuvieri,,,,,"Trewavas, 1974", 49173102,Daysciaena albida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Daysciaena,albida,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49182317,Kathala axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Kathala,axillaris,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49178586,Johnius dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,dussumieri,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49182559,Larimichthys crocea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimichthys,crocea,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 49145628,Argyrosomus thorpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,thorpei,,,,,"Smith, 1977", 49186930,Nibea maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,maculata,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",This species may represent a new genus but further examination is needed (Lo et al. 2017). 49167066,Atrobucca antonbruun,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,antonbruun,,,,,"Sasaki, 1995", 54381,Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,pyrrhoscelis,,,,,"Laurent, 1952","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 54419,Astylosternus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,montanus,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 49254521,Allopetalia pustulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Allopetalia,pustulosa,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 49254643,Anax amazili,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,amazili,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254362,Andaeschna unicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Andaeschna,unicolor,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)", 49254396,Castoraeschna coronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,coronata,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254568,Coryphaeschna amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,amazonica,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 49254639,Coryphaeschna diapyra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,diapyra,,,,,"Paulson, 1994", 49254425,Coryphaeschna huaorania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,huaorania,,,,,"Tennessen, 2001", 49254418,Coryphaeschna viriditas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,viriditas,,,,,"Calvert, 1952", 49254376,Gynacantha adela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,adela,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 49254244,Gynacantha auricularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,auricularis,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 49254400,Gynacantha bartai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,bartai,,,,,"Paulson & von Ellenrieder, 2005", 49254501,Gynacantha bifida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,bifida,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 49254566,Gynacantha caudata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,caudata,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 49254485,Gynacantha convergens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,convergens,,,,,"Förster, 1908", 49254350,Gynacantha croceipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,croceipennis,,,,,"Martin, 1897", 49254633,Gynacantha gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,gracilis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254391,Gynacantha interioris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,interioris,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 49254706,Gynacantha klagesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,klagesi,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 49254573,Gynacantha litoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,litoralis,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 49254283,Gynacantha membranalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,membranalis,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 49254287,Gynacantha mexicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,mexicana,,,,,"Selys, 1868", 49254267,Gynacantha tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,tenuis,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 49254251,Gynacantha tibiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,tibiata,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 49254315,Neuraeschna calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,calverti,,,,,"Kimmins, 1951", 49254414,Neuraeschna claviforcipata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,claviforcipata,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 49254600,Neuraeschna costalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,costalis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254674,Neuraeschna dentigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,dentigera,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 49254704,Neuraeschna maya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,maya,,,,,"Belle, 1989", 49254298,Neuraeschna producta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,producta,,,,,"Kimmins, 1933", 49254513,Remartinia rufipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Remartinia,rufipennis,,,,,"(Kennedy, 1941)", 49254389,Rhionaeschna absoluta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,absoluta,,,,,"(Calvert, 1952)", 49254667,Rhionaeschna biliosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,biliosa,,,,,"(Kennedy, 1938)", 49254340,Rhionaeschna brevicercia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,brevicercia,,,,,"(Muzón & von Ellenrieder, 2001)", 49254634,Rhionaeschna brevifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,brevifrons,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254302,Rhionaeschna condor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,condor,,,,,"(De Marmels, 2001)", 49254584,Rhionaeschna cornigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,cornigera,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 49254352,Rhionaeschna elsia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,elsia,,,,,"(Calvert, 1952)", 49254399,Rhionaeschna fissifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,fissifrons,,,,,"(Muzón & von Ellenrieder, 2001)", 49254369,Rhionaeschna intricata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,intricata,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)", 49254247,Rhionaeschna joannisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,joannisi,,,,,"(Martin, 1897)", 49254598,Rhionaeschna marchali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,marchali,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254620,Rhionaeschna obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,obscura,,,,,"(Muzón & von Ellenrieder, 2001)", 49254680,Rhionaeschna psilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,psilus,,,,,"(Calvert, 1947)", 49254538,Rhionaeschna vigintipunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,vigintipunctata,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254338,Staurophlebia auca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Staurophlebia,auca,,,,,"Kennedy, 1937", 49254710,Staurophlebia reticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Staurophlebia,reticulata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254261,Triacanthagyna ditzleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,ditzleri,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 49254434,Triacanthagyna satyrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,satyrus,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)", 49254483,Triacanthagyna septima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,septima,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 49254353,Triacanthagyna williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,williamsoni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2003", 49254606,Hetaerina aurora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,aurora,,,,,"Ris, 1918",The taxonomy between H. aurora and H. duplex is not settled. 49254647,Hetaerina caja,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,caja,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 49254505,Hetaerina capitalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,capitalis,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 49254245,Hetaerina charca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,charca,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254467,Hetaerina cruentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,cruentata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254256,Hetaerina duplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,duplex,,,,,"Selys, 1869","This species has previously been confused with H. aurora (W. Mauffray pers. comm. 2014) and was considered to be the same species (Garrison, 1990). Bota-Sierra has collected specimens in Colombia that could prove, after further study, that the two are distinct (C. Bota-Sierra, pers. comm. 2014)." 49254364,Hetaerina flavipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,flavipennis,,,,,"Garrison, 1990", 49254601,Hetaerina fuscoguttata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,fuscoguttata,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 49254525,Hetaerina laesa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,laesa,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 49254641,Hetaerina miniata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,miniata,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 49254627,Hetaerina occisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,occisa,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 49254348,Hetaerina rosea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,rosea,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 49254488,Hetaerina sanguinea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,sanguinea,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 49254662,Mnesarete aenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,aenea,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)", 49254570,Mnesarete cupraea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,cupraea,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)", 49254517,Mnesarete devillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,devillei,,,,,"(Selys, 1880)", 49254304,Mnesarete drepane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,drepane,,,,,"(Garrison, 2006)", 49254347,Mnesarete ephippium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,ephippium,,,,,"(Garrison, 2006)", 49254324,Mnesarete grisea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,grisea,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254246,Mnesarete hauxwelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,hauxwelli,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 49254384,Mnesarete loutoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,loutoni,,,,,"(Garrison, 2006)", 49254243,Mnesarete marginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,marginata,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 49254337,Mnesarete metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,metallica,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 49254255,Ormenophlebia rollinati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Ormenophlebia,rollinati,,,,,"(Martin, 1897)", 49254314,Ormenophlebia saltuum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Ormenophlebia,saltuum,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254377,Acanthagrion abunae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,abunae,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 49254317,Acanthagrion aepiolum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,aepiolum,,,,,"Tennessen, 2004", 49254631,Acanthagrion apicale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,apicale,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 49254714,Acanthagrion ascendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,ascendens,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254630,Acanthagrion floridense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,floridense,,,,,"Fraser, 1946",Lozano et al. 2017 has stated that Acanthagrion peruvianum is a subjective synonym of A. floridense. The assessment of A. floridense includes previous records of A. peruvianum 49254419,Acanthagrion gracile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,gracile,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254635,Oxyagrion hermosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,hermosae,,,,,"(Leonard, 1977)",This species should be considered as part of the genus Oxyagrion (Von Ellenrieder) (assessors to provide reference) 49254644,Acanthagrion lancea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,lancea,,,,,"Selys, 1876","The species Acanthagrion cuyabae was considered a junior synonym of A. lancea until 2010 (Souza et al. 2010). A. cuyabae is distributed in northern Amazon region, for this reason, several records from literature recording A. lancea in the northern Amazon were not included, since they probably are A. cuyabae." 49254260,Acanthagrion minutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,minutum,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 49254721,Acanthagrion obsoletum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,obsoletum,,,,,"(Förster, 1914)", 49254282,Acanthagrion phallicorne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,phallicorne,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 49254599,Acanthagrion trilobatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,trilobatum,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 49254295,Acanthagrion vidua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,vidua,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 49254307,Acanthagrion viridescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,viridescens,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 49254351,Acanthagrion williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,williamsoni,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 49254610,Acanthagrion yungarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,yungarum,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254303,Acanthallagma caeruleum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthallagma,caeruleum,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1924", 49254258,Aeolagrion dorsale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aeolagrion,dorsale,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254406,Aeolagrion inca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aeolagrion,inca,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254320,Aeolagrion philipi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aeolagrion,philipi,,,,,"Tennessen, 2009", 49254325,Argia adamsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,adamsi,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 49254276,Argia collata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,collata,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 49254372,Argia cupraurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,cupraurea,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 49254679,Argia difficilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,difficilis,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 49254309,Argia dives,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,dives,,,,,"Förster, 1914", 49254569,Argia euphorbia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,euphorbia,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 49254334,Argia fissa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,fissa,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 49254490,Argia fraudatricula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,fraudatricula,,,,,"Förster, 1914",Misspelled - should b A. fraudratriculata 49254370,Argia fulgida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,fulgida,,,,,"Navás, 1934","This species was though to be synonym of A. cupraurea, but Garrison and von Ellenrieder ( 2017), revealed that it is a distinct species." 49254693,Argia gerhardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,gerhardi,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254506,Argia indicatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,indicatrix,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 49254329,Argia infrequentula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,infrequentula,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 49254520,Argia jocosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,jocosa,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 49254270,Argia joergenseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,joergenseni,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 49254585,Argia kokama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,kokama,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254277,Argia medullaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,medullaris,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 49254482,Argia mishuyaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,mishuyaca,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 49254346,Argia oculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,oculata,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 49254401,Argia orichalcea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,orichalcea,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 49254696,Argia pulla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,pulla,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 49254589,Argia reclusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,reclusa,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 49254717,Argia rosseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,rosseri,,,,,"Tennessen, 2002","The taxonomy of several species of the genus Argia is currently under revision, and Argia rosseri would seem to represent pale violaceous specimens of the more southerly Argia jujuya Ris, 1913, as there are specimens of Argia jujuya from NW Argentina that are intermediate between A. jujuya and A. rosseri (R. Garrison and N. von Ellenrieder pers. comm. 2015)." 49254385,Argia talamanca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,talamanca,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 49254625,Argia thespis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,thespis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 49254702,Argia tinctipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tinctipennis,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 49254519,Argia ulmeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,ulmeca,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 49254349,Argia variabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,variabilis,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 49254279,Argia variegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,variegata,,,,,"Förster, 1914", 49254534,Bromeliagrion beebeanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Bromeliagrion,beebeanum,,,,,"(Calvert, 1948)", 49254436,Bromeliagrion fernandezianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Bromeliagrion,fernandezianum,,,,,"(Rácenis, 1958)", 49254560,Bromeliagrion rehni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Bromeliagrion,rehni,,,,,"Garrison in De Marmels & Garrison, 2005", 49254724,Denticulobasis dunklei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Denticulobasis,dunklei,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 49254373,Dolonagrion fulvellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Dolonagrion,fulvellum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254481,Enallagma novaehispaniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,novaehispaniae,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 49254450,Homeoura chelifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Homeoura,chelifera,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254687,Homeoura lindneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Homeoura,lindneri,,,,,"(Ris, 1928)", 49254426,Homeoura nepos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Homeoura,nepos,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254387,Homeoura obrieni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Homeoura,obrieni,,,,,"(von Ellenrieder, 2008)", 49254660,Homeoura sobrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Homeoura,sobrina,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1942)", 49254551,Ischnura capreolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,capreolus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254651,Ischnura chingaza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,chingaza,,,,,"Realpe, 2010", 49254523,Ischnura cruzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,cruzi,,,,,"De Marmels, 1987", 49254459,Ischnura cyane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,cyane,,,,,"Realpe, 2010",This species is possibly a synonym of I. indivisa (Bota-Sierra and Tennessen pers. obs October 2014); research is pending. 49254715,Ischnura indivisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,indivisa,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254359,Ischnura mahechai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,mahechai,,,,,"Machado, 2012","The validity of this species is under question, and it is quite possibly synonymous with I. chingaza (E. Realpe pers. comms.)." 49254495,Ischnura rufovittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,rufovittata,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1845)", 49254597,Leptobasis buchholzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,buchholzi,,,,,"(Rácenis, 1959)", 49254409,Leptobasis mauffrayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,mauffrayi,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2010", 49254605,Mesamphiagrion demarmelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,demarmelsi,,,,,"(Cruz, 1986)", 49254281,Mesamphiagrion dunklei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,dunklei,,,,,"(von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008)", 49254596,Mesamphiagrion ecuatoriale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,ecuatoriale,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 49254299,Mesamphiagrion laterale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,laterale,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254688,Mesamphiagrion occultum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,occultum,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254655,Mesamphiagrion ovigerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,ovigerum,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 49254666,Mesamphiagrion risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,risi,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1997)", 49254466,Mesoleptobasis acuminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesoleptobasis,acuminata,,,,,"Santos, 1961", 49254733,Metaleptobasis gibbosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,gibbosa,,,,,"Tennessen, 2012", 49254707,Metaleptobasis knopfi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,knopfi,,,,,"Tennessen, 2012", 49254248,Oreiallagma acutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oreiallagma,acutum,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254700,Oreiallagma oreas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oreiallagma,oreas,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254731,Oreiallagma prothoracicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oreiallagma,prothoracicum,,,,,"(Kimmins, 1945)", 49254692,Oreiallagma quadricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oreiallagma,quadricolor,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 49254522,Oxyagrion terminale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,terminale,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254494,Oxyallagma dissidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyallagma,dissidens,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254415,Phoenicagrion flammeum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phoenicagrion,flammeum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 49254344,Phoenicagrion paulsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phoenicagrion,paulsoni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2008", 49254681,Protallagma hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protallagma,hoffmanni,,,,,"Hunger & Schiel, 2012", 49254709,Protallagma titicacae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protallagma,titicacae,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 49254262,Schistolobos boliviensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Schistolobos,boliviensis,,,,,"(Daigle, 2007)", 49254447,Telebasis bickorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,bickorum,,,,,"Daigle, 2002", 49254683,Telebasis brevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,brevis,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 49254312,Telebasis carminita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,carminita,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254252,Telebasis carota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,carota,,,,,"Kennedy, 1936", 49254388,Telebasis dunklei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,dunklei,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 49254321,Telebasis farcimentum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,farcimentum,,,,,"Garrison, 2009", 49254619,Telebasis filiola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,filiola,,,,,"(Perty, 1834)", 49254565,Telebasis flammeola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,flammeola,,,,,"Kennedy, 1936", 49254452,Telebasis garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,garrisoni,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 49254509,Telebasis gigantea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,gigantea,,,,,"Daigle, 2002", 49254672,Telebasis inalata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,inalata,,,,,"(Calvert, 1961)", 49254491,Telebasis isthmica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,isthmica,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 49254446,Telebasis salva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,salva,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254607,Telebasis sanguinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,sanguinalis,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254590,Telebasis watsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,watsoni,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 49254411,Telebasis williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,williamsoni,,,,,"(Garrison, 2009)", 49254496,Tigriagrion aurantinigrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tigriagrion,aurantinigrum,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254471,Tuberculobasis cardinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,cardinalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1946)", 49254571,Tuberculobasis williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,williamsoni,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 49254339,Aeschnosoma forcipula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,forcipula,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1871", 49254535,Neocordulia batesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,batesi,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 49254531,Neocordulia setifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,setifera,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1871)", 49254392,Paracordulia sericea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Paracordulia,sericea,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 49254297,Heliocharis amazona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DICTERIADIDAE,Heliocharis,amazona,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 49254405,Agriogomphus jessei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Agriogomphus,jessei,,,,,"(Williamson, 1918)", 49254330,Agriogomphus sylvicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Agriogomphus,sylvicola,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 49254594,Aphylla boliviana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,boliviana,,,,,"Belle, 1972", 49254461,Aphylla edentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,edentata,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 49254291,Aphylla producta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,producta,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 49254318,Aphylla silvatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,silvatica,,,,,"Belle, 1992", 49254722,Archaeogomphus furcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Archaeogomphus,furcatus,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 49254581,Desmogomphus anchicayensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Desmogomphus,anchicayensis,,,,,"Amaya-Vallejo & Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2012","This species is known only from a nymph, which was not fully grown, meaning that is not possible to be sure that this is even a distinct and valid species." 49254328,Epigomphus gibberosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,gibberosus,,,,,"Belle, 1988", 49254559,Epigomphus hylaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,hylaeus,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254628,Epigomphus llama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,llama,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 49254474,Epigomphus obtusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,obtusus,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 49254612,Epigomphus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,occipitalis,,,,,"Belle, 1970", 49254266,Epigomphus pechumani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,pechumani,,,,,"Belle, 1970", 49254420,Perigomphus angularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Perigomphus,angularis,,,,,"Tennessen, 2011", 49254249,Peruviogomphus moyobambus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Peruviogomphus,moyobambus,,,,,"Klots, 1944", 49254527,Peruviogomphus pearsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Peruviogomphus,pearsoni,,,,,"Belle, 1979", 49254280,Phyllocycla anduzei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,anduzei,,,,,"(Needham, 1943)", 49254472,Phyllocycla argentina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,argentina,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 49254469,Phyllocycla hespera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,hespera,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 49254242,Phyllocycla titschacki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,titschacki,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1942)", 49254476,Phyllocycla uniforma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,uniforma,,,,,"Dunkle, 1987", 49254548,Phyllogomphoides aculeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,aculeus,,,,,"Belle, 1982", 49254697,Phyllogomphoides brunneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,brunneus,,,,,"Belle, 1981", 49254665,Phyllogomphoides camposi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,camposi,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 49254556,Phyllogomphoides lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,lieftincki,,,,,"(Belle, 1970)", 49254645,Phyllogomphoides selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,selysi,,,,,"(Navás, 1924)", 49254332,Phyllogomphoides semicircularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,semicircularis,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 49254676,Progomphus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,abbreviatus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 49254322,Progomphus anomalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,anomalus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 49254576,Progomphus delicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,delicatus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 49254539,Progomphus formalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,formalis,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 49254341,Progomphus joergenseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,joergenseni,,,,,"Ris, 1908", 49254689,Progomphus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,montanus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 49254732,Progomphus nervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,nervis,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 49254319,Progomphus perpusillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,perpusillus,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254395,Progomphus superbus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,superbus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 49254296,Zonophora calippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,calippus,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 49254511,Archilestes chocoanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,chocoanus,,,,,"Pérez-Gutiérrez, 2012", 49254617,Lestes apollinaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,apollinaris,,,,,"Navás, 1934", 49254345,Lestes falcifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,falcifer,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 49254380,Lestes forficula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,forficula,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 49254274,Lestes jerrelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,jerrelli,,,,,"Tennessen, 1997", 49254473,Lestes jurzitzai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,jurzitzai,,,,,"Muzon, 1994", 49254673,Lestes pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,pictus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 49254363,Lestes sternalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,sternalis,,,,,"Navás, 1930","Taxonomic confusion surrounds both this species and L. pallidus, which have both been purported as synonyms of each other. It is also possible that L. apollinaris is the same species as well." 49254550,Lestes tenuatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,tenuatus,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 49254549,Anatya guttata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Anatya,guttata,,,,,"(Erichson, 1848)", 49254719,Antidythemis trameiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Antidythemis,trameiformis,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 49254421,Brachymesia furcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachymesia,furcata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254586,Brechmorhoga flavopunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,flavopunctata,,,,,"(Martin, 1897)", 49254514,Brechmorhoga nubecula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,nubecula,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254582,Brechmorhoga pertinax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,pertinax,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254444,Brechmorhoga rapax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,rapax,,,,,"Calvert, 1898", 49254652,Brechmorhoga vivax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,vivax,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 49254368,Dasythemis esmeralda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dasythemis,esmeralda,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 49254562,Dasythemis essequiba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dasythemis,essequiba,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 49254486,Diastatops intensa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,intensa,,,,,"Montgomery, 1940", 49254293,Diastatops obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,obscura,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 49254728,Dythemis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dythemis,nigra,,,,,"Martin, 1897", 49254637,Dythemis sterilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dythemis,sterilis,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 49254593,Elasmothemis cannacrioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,cannacrioides,,,,,"(Calvert, 1906)", 49254465,Elga leptostyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elga,leptostyla,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 49254694,Erythemis attala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,attala,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 49254437,Erythemis credula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,credula,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254729,Erythemis peruviana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,peruviana,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254300,Erythrodiplax abjecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,abjecta,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254730,Erythrodiplax amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,amazonica,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 49254361,Erythrodiplax angustipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,angustipennis,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254259,Erythrodiplax attenuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,attenuata,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 49254618,Erythrodiplax basalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,basalis,,,,,"(Kirby, 1897)", 49254441,Erythrodiplax castanea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,castanea,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254500,Erythrodiplax corallina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,corallina,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 49254695,Erythrodiplax famula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,famula,,,,,"(Erichson, 1848)", 49254417,Erythrodiplax fervida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,fervida,,,,,"(Erichson, 1848)", 49254720,Erythrodiplax funerea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,funerea,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254456,Erythrodiplax fusca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,fusca,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254603,Erythrodiplax ines,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,ines,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 49254587,Erythrodiplax kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,kimminsi,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254512,Erythrodiplax latimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,latimaculata,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 49254408,Erythrodiplax lativittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,lativittata,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254393,Erythrodiplax media,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,media,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254360,Erythrodiplax melanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,melanica,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254515,Erythrodiplax melanorubra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,melanorubra,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254416,Erythrodiplax parvimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,parvimaculata,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254431,Erythrodiplax solimaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,solimaea,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 49254726,Erythrodiplax tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,tenuis,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 49254239,Erythrodiplax umbrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,umbrata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 49254250,Erythrodiplax unimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,unimaculata,,,,,"(De Geer, 1773)", 49254552,Erythrodiplax venusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,venusta,,,,,"(Kirby, 1897)", 49254448,Idiataphe amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Idiataphe,amazonica,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 49254580,Idiataphe longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Idiataphe,longipes,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254454,Libellula herculea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,herculea,,,,,"Karsch, 1889", 49254374,Macrothemis declivata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,declivata,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254540,Macrothemis extensa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,extensa,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 49254238,Macrothemis imitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,imitans,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 49254678,Macrothemis mortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,mortoni,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 49254366,Macrothemis musiva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,musiva,,,,,"Calvert, 1898", 49254427,Macrothemis polyneura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,polyneura,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 49254669,Macrothemis pseudimitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,pseudimitans,,,,,"Calvert, 1898", 49254608,Macrothemis tessellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,tessellata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254271,Miathyria simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Miathyria,simplex,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254699,Micrathyria aequalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,aequalis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254690,Micrathyria dictynna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,dictynna,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 49254518,Micrathyria dido,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,dido,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 49254614,Micrathyria didyma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,didyma,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 49254342,Micrathyria dythemoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,dythemoides,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254290,Micrathyria hypodidyma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,hypodidyma,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 49254532,Micrathyria iheringi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,iheringi,,,,,"Santos, 1946", 49254397,Micrathyria laevigata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,laevigata,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254638,Micrathyria mengeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,mengeri,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 49254658,Micrathyria occipita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,occipita,,,,,"Westfall, 1992", 49254621,Micrathyria ocellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,ocellata,,,,,"Martin, 1897", 49254632,Micrathyria pseudeximia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,pseudeximia,,,,,"Westfall, 1992", 49254572,Micrathyria romani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,romani,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918","""Micrathyria romani seems to be a distinct species, different from M. coropinae, to which it is related in possessing one row of cells in the discoidal space in the fore wings."" Geijskes, 1963." 49254289,Micrathyria sympriona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,sympriona,,,,,"Tennessen, 2000", 49254624,Micrathyria ungulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,ungulata,,,,,"Förster, 1907", 49254553,Micrathyria venezuelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,venezuelae,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 49254475,Misagria parana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Misagria,parana,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 49254657,Nephepeltia aequisetis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nephepeltia,aequisetis,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254445,Nephepeltia flavifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nephepeltia,flavifrons,,,,,"(Karsch, 1889)", 49254622,Oligoclada heliophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,heliophila,,,,,"Borror, 1931","Hoffman (2009) listed this species in Southern Peru in the Amazon region, this record was considered erroneous since the species is pretty conspicuous when present and it has not been recorded in the Amazon regions of Colombia, Ecuador or Venezuela." 49254480,Oligoclada pachystigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,pachystigma,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 49254564,Oligoclada rhea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,rhea,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 49254716,Oligoclada stenoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,stenoptera,,,,,"Borror, 1931", 49254616,Oligoclada sylvia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,sylvia,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 49254544,Oligoclada teretidentis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,teretidentis,,,,,"Rehn, 2003", 49254257,Oligoclada umbricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,umbricola,,,,,"Borror, 1931", 49254254,Oligoclada walkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,walkeri,,,,,"Geijskes, 1931", 49254502,Orthemis aciculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,aciculata,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2012", 49254554,Orthemis aequilibris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,aequilibris,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254578,Orthemis attenuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,attenuata,,,,,"(Erichson, 1848)", 49254439,Orthemis cinnamomea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,cinnamomea,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2009", 49254557,Orthemis coracina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,coracina,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2009", 49254489,Orthemis cultriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,cultriformis,,,,,"Calvert, 1899", 49254394,Orthemis discolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,discolor,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254691,Orthemis faaseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,faaseni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2012", 49254479,Orthemis flavopicta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,flavopicta,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 49254308,Orthemis harpago,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,harpago,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2009", 49254357,Orthemis paulsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,paulsoni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2012", 49254422,Orthemis schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,schmidti,,,,,"Buchholz, 1950", 49254292,Orthemis sulphurata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,sulphurata,,,,,"Hagen, 1868", 49254654,Orthemis tambopatae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,tambopatae,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2009", 49254236,Orthemis teres,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,teres,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2012", 49254264,Perithemis bella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,bella,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 49254629,Perithemis mooma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,mooma,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 49254545,Perithemis thais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,thais,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 49254492,Rhodopygia pruinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodopygia,pruinosa,,,,,"Buchholz, 1953", 49254529,Sympetrum gilvum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,gilvum,,,,,"(Selys, 1884)", 49254698,Tauriphila argo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tauriphila,argo,,,,,"(Hagen, 1869)", 49254390,Tauriphila australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tauriphila,australis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1867)", 49254734,Tauriphila risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tauriphila,risi,,,,,"Martin, 1896", 49254464,Tholymis citrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tholymis,citrina,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 49254723,Tramea abdominalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,abdominalis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254615,Tramea binotata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,binotata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254493,Tramea cophysa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,cophysa,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 49254381,Uracis fastigiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Uracis,fastigiata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254310,Uracis imbuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Uracis,imbuta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 49254333,Uracis infumata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Uracis,infumata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254313,Uracis ovipositrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Uracis,ovipositrix,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254563,Uracis reducta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Uracis,reducta,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 49254642,Uracis siemensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Uracis,siemensi,,,,,"Kirby, 1897", 49254508,Zenithoptera lanei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zenithoptera,lanei,,,,,"Santos, 1941", 49254530,Archaeopodagrion armatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Archaeopodagrion,armatum,,,,,"Tennessen & Johnson, 2010", 49254301,Archaeopodagrion bicorne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Archaeopodagrion,bicorne,,,,,"Kennedy, 1939", 49254410,Heteragrion aequatoriale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,aequatoriale,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 49254626,Heteragrion angustipenne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,angustipenne,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 49254668,Heteragrion bariai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,bariai,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 49254468,Heteragrion bickorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,bickorum,,,,,"Daigle, 2005", 49254701,Heteragrion cooki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,cooki,,,,,"Daigle & Tennessen, 2000", 49254269,Heteragrion icterops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,icterops,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 49254555,Heteragrion inca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,inca,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254547,Heteragrion mitratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,mitratum,,,,,"Williamson, 1919", 49254609,Heteropodagrion croizati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Heteropodagrion,croizati,,,,,"Perez-Gutierrez & Montes-Fontalvo, 2011", 49254451,Heteropodagrion superbum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Heteropodagrion,superbum,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254611,Megapodagrion megalopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Megapodagrion,megalopus,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 49254487,Philogenia berenice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,berenice,,,,,"Higgins, 1901", 49254661,Philogenia compressa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,compressa,,,,,"Dunkle, 1990", 49254412,Philogenia cristalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,cristalina,,,,,"Calvert, 1924", 49254355,Philogenia ebona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,ebona,,,,,"Dunkle, 1986", 49254375,Philogenia elisabeta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,elisabeta,,,,,"Calvert, 1924", 49254659,Philogenia helena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,helena,,,,,"Hagen, 1869", 49254354,Philogenia iquita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,iquita,,,,,"Dunkle, 1990", 49254713,Philogenia macuma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,macuma,,,,,"Dunkle, 1986", 49254455,Philogenia mangosisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,mangosisa,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1988", 49254670,Philogenia minteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,minteri,,,,,"Dunkle, 1986", 49254398,Philogenia monotis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,monotis,,,,,"(Kennedy, 1941)", 49254371,Philogenia peruviana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,peruviana,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1988", 49254336,Philogenia raphaella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,raphaella,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 49254613,Philogenia schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,schmidti,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254686,Philogenia umbrosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,umbrosa,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254543,Teinopodagrion caquetanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,caquetanum,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254458,Teinopodagrion chinchaysuyum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,chinchaysuyum,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254577,Teinopodagrion croizati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,croizati,,,,,"De Marmels, 2002", 49254640,Teinopodagrion decipiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,decipiens,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254595,Teinopodagrion depressum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,depressum,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254402,Teinopodagrion eretes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,eretes,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254326,Teinopodagrion mercenarium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,mercenarium,,,,,"(Hagen, 1869)", 49254430,Teinopodagrion muzanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,muzanum,,,,,"(Navás, 1934)", 49254457,Teinopodagrion nebulosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,nebulosum,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 49254537,Teinopodagrion oscillans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,oscillans,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 49254528,Teinopodagrion schiessi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,schiessi,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254424,Teinopodagrion setigerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,setigerum,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 49254498,Teinopodagrion temporale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,temporale,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 49254636,Teinopodagrion vallenatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,vallenatum,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254378,Teinopodagrion venale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,venale,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1862)", 49254462,Teinopodagrion waynu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,waynu,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254311,Teinopodagrion yunka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,yunka,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 49254705,Perissolestes castor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,castor,,,,,"(Kennedy, 1937)", 49254365,Perissolestes klugi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,klugi,,,,,"Kennedy, 1941", 49254240,Perissolestes magdalenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,magdalenae,,,,,"(Williamson & Williamson, 1924)", 49254335,Perissolestes paprzyckii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,paprzyckii,,,,,"Kennedy, 1941", 49254327,Perissolestes remus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,remus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1941", 49254358,Perissolestes romulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,romulus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1941", 49254526,Palaemnema abbreviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,abbreviata,,,,,"Kennedy, 1938", 49254323,Palaemnema apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,apicalis,,,,,"Navás, 1924", 49254429,Palaemnema azupizui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,azupizui,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 49254708,Palaemnema brucelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,brucelli,,,,,"Kennedy, 1938", 49254510,Palaemnema clementia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,clementia,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 49254356,Palaemnema croceicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,croceicauda,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 49254682,Palaemnema edmondi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,edmondi,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 49254435,Palaemnema martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,martini,,,,,"Cowley, 1934", 49254275,Palaemnema melanocauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,melanocauda,,,,,"Kennedy, 1942", 49254499,Palaemnema peruviana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,peruviana,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254241,Chalcopteryx scintillans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Chalcopteryx,scintillans,,,,,"McLachlan, 1870", 49254703,Polythore chiribiquete,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,chiribiquete,,,,,"(Zloty & Pritchard, 2001)", 49254685,Euthore confusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,confusa,,,,,"(Kennedy, 1940)", 49254278,Miocora dualis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,dualis,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1878)", 49254574,Cora inca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,inca,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 49254524,Cora irene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,irene,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254604,Cora jocosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,jocosa,,,,,"McLachlan, 1881", 49254367,Euthore klenei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,klenei,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 49254273,Miocora lugubris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,lugubris,,,,,"(Navás, 1934)", 49254438,Euthore munda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,munda,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1878)", 49254671,Euthore parda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,parda,,,,,"(Bick & Bick, 1991)", 49254558,Cora subfumata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,subfumata,,,,,"Förster, 1914 [<i>nomen dubium</i>]", 49254263,Euthore terminalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,terminalis,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1878)", 49254440,Cora xanthostoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,xanthostoma,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254650,Euthore fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,fasciata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)", 49254588,Euthore hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,hyalina,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)", 49254428,Euthore inlactea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,inlactea,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 49254265,Euthore leroii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,leroii,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 49254727,Miocora pellucida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,pellucida,,,,,"Kennedy, 1940", 49254649,Miocora peraltica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,peraltica,,,,,"Calvert, 1917", 49254507,Polythore batesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,batesi,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 49254546,Polythore beata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,beata,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1869)", 49254453,Polythore boliviana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,boliviana,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1878)", 49254268,Polythore concinna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,concinna,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1881)", 49254237,Polythore derivata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,derivata,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1881)", 49254516,Polythore gigantea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,gigantea,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)", 49254504,Polythore manua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,manua,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1990", 49254497,Polythore mutata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,mutata,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1881)", 49254579,Polythore neopicta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,neopicta,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1990", 49254407,Polythore ornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,ornata,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 49254288,Polythore picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,picta,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254533,Polythore procera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,procera,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 49254684,Polythore spaeteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,spaeteri,,,,,"Burmeister & Börzsöny, 2003", 49254286,Polythore victoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,victoria,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1869)", 49254463,Polythore vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,vittata,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 49254623,Polythore williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,williamsoni,,,,,"(Förster, 1903)", 49254561,Drepanoneura donnellyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,donnellyi,,,,,von Ellenrieder & Garrison 2008, 49254460,Drepanoneura flinti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,flinti,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 49254656,Drepanoneura janirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,janirae,,,,,"(von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008)", 49254536,Drepanoneura loutoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,loutoni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 49254403,Drepanoneura muzoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,muzoni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 49254294,Drepanoneura peruviensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,peruviensis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1946)", 49254343,Drepanoneura tennesseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,tennesseni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 49254718,Epipleoneura protostictoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,protostictoides,,,,,"(Fraser, 1946)", 49254711,Amazoneura ephippigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amazoneura,ephippigera,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 49254306,Forcepsioneura sancta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Forcepsioneura,sancta,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1860)", 49254331,Amazoneura westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amazoneura,westfalli,,,,,"(Machado, 2001)", 49254677,Neoneura confundens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,confundens,,,,,"Wasscher & van 't Bosch, 2013", 49254305,Neoneura denticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,denticulata,,,,,"Williamson, 1917", 49254664,Neoneura esthera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,esthera,,,,,"Williamson, 1917", 49254413,Neoneura ethela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,ethela,,,,,"Williamson, 1917", 49254541,Neoneura rubriventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,rubriventris,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 49254285,Neoneura rufithorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,rufithorax,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 49254433,Neoneura sylvatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,sylvatica,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 49254648,Phasmoneura exigua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phasmoneura,exigua,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 49254316,Protoneura macintyrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,macintyrei,,,,,"Kennedy, 1939", 49254646,Protoneura paucinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,paucinervis,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 49254442,Protoneura scintilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,scintilla,,,,,"Gloyd, 1939", 49254478,Protoneura woytkowskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,woytkowskii,,,,,"Gloyd, 1939", 49254233,Psaironeura remissa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Psaironeura,remissa,,,,,"(Calvert, 1903)", 49254712,Psaironeura tenuissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Psaironeura,tenuissima,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)","P. cerasina is considered a synonym of P. tenuissima (Garrison, 2004)." 49254449,Anomisma abnorme,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Anomisma,abnorme,,,,,"McLachlan, 1877", 49254382,Platystigma jocaste,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,jocaste,,,,,"(Hagen, 1869)", 49254675,Mecistogaster linearis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mecistogaster,linearis,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1776)", 49254725,Mecistogaster lucretia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mecistogaster,lucretia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 49254503,Platystigma martinezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,martinezi,,,,,"(Machado, 1985)", 49254386,Mecistogaster modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mecistogaster,modesta,,,,,"Selys, 1860", 49254229,Megaloprepus caerulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megaloprepus,caerulatus,,,,,"(Drury, 1782)", 49254231,Microstigma anomalum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Microstigma,anomalum,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 49254484,Microstigma rotundatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Microstigma,rotundatum,,,,,"Selys, 1860","In 2011, von Ellenrieder stated that ""Based on observed morphological variability of the diagnostic characters traditionally used to identify species of Microstigma, the three specific names currently used might represent only intraspecific variability"", thus Microstigma species may all be M. anomalum synonym." 89186860,Cardioglossa nigromaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,nigromaculata,,,,,"Nieden, 1908",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Cardioglossa inornata (elevated from subspecies level) (Hirschfeld et al. 2015). 56109,Hyperolius acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,acutirostris,,,,,"Bucholz and Peters, 1875", 56110,Hyperolius ademetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,ademetzi,,,,,"Ahl, 1931", 56120,Hyperolius bopeleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,bopeleti,,,,,"Amiet, 1980", 58325,Lanzarana largeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Lanzarana,largeni,,,,,"(Lanza, 1978)", 54435,Leptodactylodon ovatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,ovatus,,,,,"Andersson, 1903", 56287,Leptopelis zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,zebra,,,,,"Amiet, 2001", 58078,Petropedetes cameronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,cameronensis,,,,,"Reichenow, 1874", 161463,Rhinoptera marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,RHINOPTERIDAE,Rhinoptera,marginata,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)", 49328174,Bufo luchunnicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,luchunnicus,,,,,"(Yang & Rao, 2008)", 49328834,Bufo menglianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,menglianus,,,,,"(Yang, 2008)", 55064,Hyloxalus cepedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,cepedai,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)","Assessors of the Andes GAA workshop in Ecuador raised questions as to the taxonomic validity of this species, but V.R. Morales (pers. comm.) is convinced that it is a valid species." 55131,Hyloxalus picachos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,picachos,,,,,"(Ardila-Robayo, Acosta-Galvis & Coloma, 2000)","The morphological characters of the specimens from Guiviare are very similar to those of the type series of Allobates picachos. Based on this data, the specimens from Guaviare are thought to correspond to this species. However, the possibility that there are molecular differences between the populations, such that they are different species, cannot be not ruled out (M. Anganoy pers. comm. February 2019)." 55212,Paruwrobates andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Paruwrobates,andinus,,,,,"(Myers & Burrowes, 1987)", 54461,Rhaebo atelopoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,atelopoides,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1981)",This species was transferred to the genus Andinophryne by Hoogmoed (1985) and subsequently transferred to Rhaebo (Ron et al. 2015). 54463,Rhaebo olallai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,olallai,,,,,"(Hoogmoed, 1985)", 55048,Ectopoglossus atopoglossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ectopoglossus,atopoglossus,,,,,"(Grant, Humphrey & Myers, 1997)","This species is similar to Ectopoglossus (was Anomaloglossus) lacrimosus according to Grant, Humphrey and Myers (1997)." 55101,Ectopoglossus lacrimosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ectopoglossus,lacrimosus,,,,,"(Myers, 1991)", 54547,Atelopus sanjosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,sanjosei,,,,,"Rivero and Serna, 1989", 59169,Bolitoglossa hiemalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,hiemalis,,,,,"Lynch, 2001", 59175,Bolitoglossa lozanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,lozanoi,,,,,"Acosta-Galvis & Restrepo, 2001",It is likely that this species is a complex and further taxonomic work is needed to determine whether there are undescribed species in this complex (G. Gonzalez pers. comm. December 2018). 59195,Bolitoglossa phalarosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,phalarosoma,,,,,"Wake & Brame, 1962",It seems very unlikely that the Panamanian and Colombian specimens refer to the same species (Grant pers. comm.). 59204,Bolitoglossa savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,savagei,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1963",Specimens from the Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuela are now referred to Bolitoglossa guaramacalensis (Wake pers. comm.). 59503,Caecilia antioquiaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,antioquiaensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. Lynch (1999) points out that the taxonomic identity may be doubtful and the only specimen from Valdivia in Antioquia may be associated with Caecilia subnigricans. 59506,Caecilia bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,bokermanni,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59507,Caecilia caribea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,caribea,,,,,"Dunn, 1942",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59508,Caecilia corpulenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,corpulenta,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59510,Caecilia degenerata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,degenerata,,,,,"Dunn, 1942","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. Lynch (1999) suggested that this species is restricted to the eastern Andes of Colombia, with specimens from Cundinamarca." 59515,Caecilia guntheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,guntheri,,,,,"Dunn, 1942","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. Not all known subpopulations necessarily belong to the same species, and some subpopulations might be conspecific with Caecilia isthmica (Lynch 1999)." 59517,Caecilia isthmica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,isthmica,,,,,"Cope, 1877","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It was removed from the synonymy of Caecilia tentaculata by Savage and Wake (2001). In this account, we provisionally assign all of Lynch's (1999) Pacific records of C. tentaculata to C. isthmica. However, Savage and Wake (2001) do not cite Lynch (1999), and they did not examine the more extensive Colombian material studied by Lynch. This means that they place C. isthmica in Colombia based only on Dunn's (1942) record. However, Lynch (1999) reports that none of the Colombian specimens that he examined matches Dunn's (1942) description, and, further, that he suspects that C. guntheri and the Pacific C. tentaculata (= C. isthmica sensu Savage and Wake 2001) might be conspecific. If this is the case, C. isthmica would be the valid name." 59522,Caecilia occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,occidentalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59524,Caecilia pachynema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,pachynema,,,,,"Günther, 1859","According to Fletcher-Lazo (2002), this species is endemic to Ecuador. Lynch (1999) considers that this species does not belong to the Colombian fauna. Nonetheless, he uses the name C. ""pachynema"" referring to an endemic species on the northern part of the Colombian Cordillera Central. Arteaga-Navarro et al. (2013) suggested that Caecilia buckleyi is not synonymous with Caecilia pachynema, although evidence has yet to be presented. This account includes both the Ecuadorian and Colombian subpopulations." 59531,Caecilia tenuissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,tenuissima,,,,,"Taylor, 1973",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59532,Caecilia thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,thompsoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 54900,Centrolene acanthidiocephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,acanthidiocephalum,,,,,"Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1989",Guayasamin et al. (2009) regarded this species as incertae sedis within Centroleninae. 54918,Centrolene huilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,huilensis,,,,,"Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995",Catenazzi et al. (2012) confirmed the placement of this species in Centrolene. 54926,Centrolene medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,medemi,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)",Guayasamin et al. (2009) regarded this species as incertae sedis within Centroleninae. 54929,Centrolene paezorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,paezorum,,,,,"Ruiz-Carranza, Hernández-Camacho & Ardila-Robayo, 1986", 54993,Centrolene solitaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,solitaria,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991)", 54923,Cochranella litoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,litoralis,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1996)", 54976,Sachatamia orejuela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Sachatamia,orejuela,,,,,"(Duellman & Burrowes, 1989)", 54984,Cochranella ramirezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,ramirezi,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991",Guayasamin et al. (2009) regarded this species as incertae sedis within Centroleninae. 54952,Nymphargus chami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,chami,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995)", 55043,Leucostethus alacris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,alacris,,,,,"(Rivero & Granados-Diaz, 1990)",This species is potentially conspecific with Colostethus fraterdanieli (Grant and Castro 1998). 55073,Leucostethus dysprosium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,dysprosium,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 2000)",This form might be a synonym of another species (J.D. Lynch pers. comm.). 55087,Colostethus furviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,furviventris,,,,,"Rivero & Serna, 1991", 55094,Colostethus imbricolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,imbricolus,,,,,"Silverstone, 1975",This is possibly a species complex (D. Mejía pers. comm. November 2018). 55106,Colostethus lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,lynchi,,,,,"Grant, 1998", 55139,Leucostethus ramirezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,ramirezi,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 2000)","There is taxonomic confusion surrounding this species (T. Grant and J.D. Lynch pers. comm.). Grant et al. (2006) could not allocate the species beyond Dendrobatidae, merely retaining it in a non-taxon ""Colostethus"". Most recently, it was transferred to Leucostethus on phylogenetic grounds by Marín-Castaño et al. (2018)." 55158,Colostethus thorntoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,thorntoni,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1970)", 55168,Leucostethus yaguara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,yaguara,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 1991)",This species is possibly conspecific with Colostethus fraterdanieli (T. Grant pers. comm.). 49380186,Boophis andrangoloaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,andrangoloaka,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)","Removed from synonymy with Boophis rhodoscelis by Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010." 49381365,Boophis arcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,arcanus,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010","The first data on this species were possibly recorded by Andreone (1994), who noted a small brown Boophis from the Ranomafana area as B. miniatus. Glaw et al. (2001) gave further information on the corresponding voucher specimens from Ifanadiana, a locality not far from Mahakajy (Glaw et al. 2010)." 57386,Boophis albilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,albilabris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)",The subspecies occidentalis has now been raised to full specific rank (Andreone et al. 2002). 164686,Eremias acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,acutirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 47406916,Lutjanus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,indicus,,,,,"Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013","Lutjanus indicus, previously recorded in the Indian Ocean as L. russellii, has recently been described as a new species (Allen et al. 2013)." 13389656,Zosteraeschna usambarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Zosteraeschna,usambarica,,,,,"Förster, 1906","Peters and Theischinger (2011) proposed reinstating the species status of Aeschna ellioti usambarica and placing the species in the genus Zosteraeschna." 49416876,Aciagrion dondoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,dondoense,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2007", 55056,Leucostethus brachistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,brachistriatus,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 1986)",Taxonomic research is needed to clarify the status of the Colostethus fraterdanieli group. This species was transferred from Colostethus to Leucostethus on phylogenetic grounds by Marín-Castaño et al. (2018). 59450,Neurergus kaiseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Neurergus,kaiseri,,,,,"Schmidt, 1952", 49453874,Boophis calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,calcaratus,,,,,"Vallan, Vences & Glaw, 2010", 49454271,Boophis entingae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,entingae,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010","In the Boophis majori group, and previously confused with Boophis brachychir, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 49459837,Boophis fayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,fayi,,,,,"Köhler, Glaw, Rosa, Gehring, Pabijan, Andreone & Vences, 2011","In the Boophis goudoti group, the sister taxon of Boophis boehmei, and prior to its naming confused with Boophis boehmei, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 49460407,Boophis haingana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,haingana,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010","In the Boophis albipunctatus group, according to the original publication (Frost 2013). It has also been referred to as Boophis sp. aff. ankaratra ""Andohahela fast"" by Glaw & Vences (2007:172–173) and as Boophis sp. 20 by Vieites et al. (2009)." 47166659,Acanthopagrus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,arabicus,,,,,"Iwatsuki, 2013","Acanthopagrus latus was recently split in to five cryptic species: A. latus (distributed in east Asia), A. longispinnis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830) (northern Gulf of Bengal Bay), and three new species, A. morrisoni, A. arabicus, and A. sheim. The five species can be distinguished from one another by the counts of dorsal-fin rays, pore lateral-line scales, scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line, and other distinguishing morphological characteristics and body and fin coloration (Iwatsuki 2013)." 47166662,Acanthopagrus sheim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,sheim,,,,,"Iwatsuki, 2013","Acanthopagrus latus was recently split in to five cryptic species: A. latus (distributed in east Asia), A. longispinnis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830) (northern Gulf of Bengal Bay), and three new species, A. morrisoni, A. arabicus, and A. sheim. The five species can be distinguished from one another by the counts of dorsal-fin rays, pore lateral-line scales, scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line, and other distinguishing morphological characteristics and body and fin coloration (Iwatsuki 2013)." 54488,Atelopus angelito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,angelito,,,,,"Ardila-Robayo & Ruíz-Carranza, 1998", 54489,Atelopus arsyecue,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,arsyecue,,,,,"Rueda-Almonacid, 1994", 54494,Atelopus carauta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,carauta,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1978", 54496,Atelopus carrikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,carrikeri,,,,,"Ruthven, 1916",We follow Coloma (2002) in considering Atelopus leoperezii as a synonym of this species. 54499,Atelopus chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,chocoensis,,,,,"Lötters, 1992", 81646342,Atelopus ebenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,ebenoides,,,,,"Rivero, 1963",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Atelopus marinkellei (Rueda-Almonacid and Rueda-Martínez 2005). 54505,Atelopus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,elegans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","

The subpopulation on Gorgona Island could be recognized as a distinct species, A. gracilis (Rueda-Almonacid et al. 2005), but is retained here pending a formal taxonomic treatment.

" 54509,Atelopus famelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,famelicus,,,,,"Rivero & Morales, 1995","This species was previously confused with Atelopus longirostris and Atelopus lynchi, according to Rivero and Morales (1995)." 54510,Atelopus farci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,farci,,,,,"Lynch, 1993", 54513,Atelopus galactogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,galactogaster,,,,,"Rivero & Serna, 1993", 54514,Atelopus glyphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,glyphus,,,,,"Dunn, 1931", 54516,Atelopus guitarraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,guitarraensis,,,,,"Osorno Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruíz-Carranza, 2001", 54521,Atelopus longibrachius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,longibrachius,,,,,"Rivero, 1963", 54523,Atelopus lozanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,lozanoi,,,,,"Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruíz-Carranza, 2001", 54525,Atelopus mandingues,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,mandingues,,,,,"Osorno-Muñoz, Ardila-Robayo & Ruíz-Carranza, 2001", 54534,Atelopus nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,nicefori,,,,,"Rivero, 1963",Specimens discussed by Cochran and Goin (1970) were subsequently named as Atelopus echeverrii. 54536,Atelopus pachydermus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,pachydermus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)","Atelopus pachydermus was redescribed by Coloma et al. (2007). Atelopus pachydermus can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of body size and different colour patterns (Coloma et al. 2007)." 54540,Atelopus petriruizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,petriruizi,,,,,"Ardila-Robayo, 1999", 54545,Atelopus quimbaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,quimbaya,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994", 54551,Atelopus simulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,simulatus,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994", 54553,Atelopus sonsonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,sonsonensis,,,,,"Vélez-Rodríguez & Ruíz-Carranza, 1997", 54556,Atelopus spurrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,spurrelli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", Some subpopulations from the central and northern part of its range are considered a species complex (D. Mejía pers. comm. August 2016). 54557,Atelopus subornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,subornatus,,,,,"Werner, 1899",This species was removed from the synonymy of Atelopus ignescens by Lynch (1986). 54562,Atelopus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,walkeri,,,,,"Rivero, 1963","The species may be a misidentification of Atelopus nahumae (L.A. Rueda-Solano pers. comm. February 2017). The description of the paratopotypes in Rivero (1963) show no difference with A. nahumae, which was described by Ruíz-Carranza et al. (1994) and this species is also found in Serranía de San Lorenzo (L.A. Rueda-Solano pers. comm. February 2017)." 136033,Atelopus mittermeieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,mittermeieri,,,,,"Acosta-Galvis, Rueda-Almonacid, Velásquez-Álvarez, Sánchez-Pacheco & Peña Prieto, 2006","Atelopus mittermeieri is distinguished from other species of the genus in the region by its colour patterns (Acosta-Galvis et al. 2006)." 164890,Boophis lilianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,lilianae,,,,,"Köhler, Glaw & Vences, 2008","Referred to as Boophis sp. aff. rappiodes ""South"" by Glaw and Vences (2007)." 49541460,Boophis luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,luciae,,,,,"Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010","In the Boophis albipunctatus group, according to the original publication (Frost 2014)." 49541778,Boophis miadana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,miadana,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010","In the Boophis albipunctatus group, not morphologically distinguishable from Boophis ankaratra and Boophis schoboeae, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 49542051,Boophis narinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,narinsi,,,,,"Vences, Gehara, Köhler & Glaw, 2012",The sister species of Boophis majori according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49542471,Boophis obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,obscurus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)",Redescribed and removed from the synonymy of Boophis goudotii by Glaw et al. 2010. 49542645,Boophis goudotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,goudotii,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838",Boophis obscura was removed from synonymy with this species (Glaw et al. 2010). 49543215,Boophis piperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,piperatus,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010","In the Boophis majori group, and previously confused with Boophis rhodoscelis, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 49543547,Boophis popi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,popi,,,,,"Köhler, Glaw, Rosa, Gehring, Pabijan, Andreone & Vences, 2011","In the Boophis goudoti group, the sister taxon of Boophis boehmei + Boophis fayi, and prior to its naming confused with Boophis boehmei, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 49543682,Boophis praedictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,praedictus,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010",In the Boophis albilabris group according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49543954,Boophis quasiboehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,quasiboehmei,,,,,"Vences, Köhler, Crottini & Glaw, 2010",Removed from synonymy with Boophis boehmei by Vences et al. (2010) and in the Boophis goudotii group according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49545046,Boophis roseipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,roseipalmatus,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010","In the Boophis majori group, and previously confused with Boophis madagascariensis, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 49545926,Boophis sandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,sandrae,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010",In the Boophis luteus group and previously confused with Boophis elenae according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49546338,Boophis spinophis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,spinophis,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, De la Riva, Vieites & Vences, 2010",In the Boophis goudoti group according to the original publication (Frost 2013). There is uncertainty about the taxonomy of the two known specimens (F. Glaw pers. comm. Nov. 2014). 136112,Boophis tampoka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,tampoka,,,,,"Köhler, Glaw & Vences, 2007",In the Boophis luteus group and the sister species of Boophis luteus according to the original publication (Frost 2013). Vences et al. 2011 found that there are two genetic lineages with significant divergence. 49546770,Boophis tsilomaro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,tsilomaro,,,,,"Vences, Andreone, Glos & Glaw, 2010","In the Boophis albilabris group, most similar to Boophis occidentalis and previously confused with it, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 49546929,Boophis ulftunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,ulftunni,,,,,"Vences, Andreone, Glos & Glaw, 2010","In the Boophis ulftunni group, probably related to the Boophis microtympanum group, and with related populations (likely different species) in the Tsararano, Marojejy, and Anjanaharibe-Sud regions, according to the original publication (Frost 2013). The population from Marojejy differs genetically from the population at the type locality, but it has been included in this taxon (Wollenberg et al. 2008)" 49562307,Gephyromantis atsingy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,atsingy,,,,,"Crottini, Glaw, Casiraghi, Jenkins, Mercurio, Randrianantoandro, Randrianirina & Andreone, 2011","This species has been referred to as Gephyromantis sp. aff . corvus “Bemaraha” by Glaw and Vences (2007), as Gephyromantis sp. 10 “Bemaraha” by Vieites et al. (2009), and Gephyromantis sp. aff . corvus by Bora et al. (2010) (Crottini et al. 2011)." 136160,Gephyromantis azzurrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,azzurrae,,,,,"Mercurio & Andreone, 2007",This species is similar to and can be confused with sympatrically occurring Gephyromantis corvus from which it can be distinguished from its advertisment calls (Mercurio and Andreone 2007). 49563132,Gephyromantis hintelmannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,hintelmannae,,,,,"Wollenberg, Glaw & Vences, 2012",In the Gephyromantis decaryi complex and formerly referred to as Gephryomantis sp. 8 according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49563555,Gephyromantis mafy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,mafy,,,,,"Vieites, Wollenberg & Vences, 2012",Closely related to Gephyromantis eiselti and Gephyromantis thelenae according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49564032,Gephyromantis ranjomavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,ranjomavo,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 2011","This species has been addressed before as Gephyromantis spec. aff. horridus ""Marojejy"" by Glaw and Vences (2007) and as confirmed candidate species Gephyromantis spec. 11 by Vieites et al. (2009)." 135867,Gephyromantis runewsweeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,runewsweeki,,,,,"Vences & De la Riva, 2007",In the Gephyromantis boulengeri group according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49566762,Gephyromantis verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,verrucosus,,,,,"Angel, 1930",Resurrected from the synonymy of Gephryomantis boulengeri by Wollenberg et al. 2012 (Frost 2013). 49569428,Gephyromantis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,boulengeri,,,,,"Methuen, 1920","Gephyromantis verrucosus was removed from synonymy with this species; its taxonomy is in need of further revision (F. Glaw pers. comm., Nov. 2014)." 49569666,Guibemantis annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,annulatus,,,,,"Lehtinen, Glaw & Vences, 2011","Most similar to Guibemantis punctatus according to the original publication, where it was also noted that a population in Anjananaharibe-Sud Special Reserve may apply to this species or a closely related one (Frost 2013)." 49569966,Guibemantis wattersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,wattersoni,,,,,"Lehtinen, Glaw & Vences, 2011",Most similar to Guibemantis bicalcaratus according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 49570548,Mantidactylus paidroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,paidroa,,,,,"Bora, Ramilijaona, Raminosoa & Vences, 2011", 49570767,Cophyla rava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,rava,,,,,"(Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2012)","Referred to by Glaw and Vences (2007) as Platypelis sp. aff. mavomavo 2, by Wollenberg et al. (2008) and as Platypelis sp. 4 by Vieites et al. (2009)." 136186,Plethodontohyla fonetana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,fonetana,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, Bora & Rabibisoa, 2007", 135750,Plethodontohyla guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,guentheri,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 2007", 49581234,Rhombophryne mangabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,mangabensis,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2010", 49581681,Spinomantis nussbaumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,nussbaumi,,,,,"Cramer, Rabibisoa & Raxworthy, 2008", 49583995,Stumpffia hara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,hara,,,,,"Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze & Glaw, 2010", 47166619,Acanthopagrus morrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,morrisoni,,,,,"Iwatsuki, 2013","Acanthopagrus latus was recently split in to five cryptic species: A. latus (distributed in east Asia), Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1830) (northern Gulf of Bengal Bay), and three new species, Acanthopagrus morrisoni, Acanthopagrus arabicus, and Acanthopagrus sheim. The five species can be distinguished from one another by the counts of dorsal-fin rays, pore lateral-line scales, scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line, and other distinguishing morphological characteristics and body and fin coloration (Iwatsuki 2013)." 157288,Lacerta agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,agilis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","A phylogeographic study of this species based on mtDNA (Kalyabina et al. 2001) identified three groups of populations. Further studies of contact areas are needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these three lineages (Crochet and Dubois 2004). This species has ""many"" subspecies (Speybroeck et al. 2016): nine are generally recognized (Andres et al. 2014) but others have been described and there is a degree of inconsistency between authors in both the number of subspecies and their range boundaries. Andres et al. (2014) found that Lacerta agilis boehmica is more distinct genetically from other members of the species complex than Lacerta viridis and L. bilineata are from one another, but took no taxonomic action. These authors also identified issues in need of taxonomic attention within the L. agilis complex." 44026492,Cucumerunio websteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Cucumerunio,websteri,,,,,"(Simpson, 1902)","New Zealand hyriids have received considerable attention from taxonomists, however uncertainty persists to the actual number of taxa involved." 49677217,Plectorhinchus gaterinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,gaterinus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 49677201,Crenidens indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Crenidens,indicus,,,,,"Day, 1873","According to Iwatsuki and Maclaine (2013) and Bogorodsky et al. (2017), Crenidens crenidens and C. indicus are two distinct species. Crenidens crenidens occurs from the Red Sea, East Africa along the east coast of Africa to Aliwal Shoal in South Africa. Juvenile C. crenidens have been found in Algoa Bay, South Africa (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004). Crenidens indicus occurs from the southern Arabian Peninsula (occasionally in the Red Sea) to the coasts of Iran and Pakistan, including the Gulf. Bauchot and Smith (1984) reported C. indicus from India; however, C. indicus either does not occur around India or is extremely rare in the area (Iwatsuki and Maclaine 2013)." 61741,Zootoca vivipara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Zootoca,vivipara,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","This species contains a number of different lineages, some of which might constitute separate species (see Bea et al. 1990, Surget-Groba et al. 2001, 2002, Mayer and Böhme 2000, and Mayer et al. 2000 for further details).

One oviparous lineage was described as the subspecies Zootaxa vivipara carniolica by Mayer et al. (2000). Subsequent molecular research has supported this assignment, and several studies (summarized in Speybroeck et al. 2020) have found no evidence of genetic admixture in the contact zone between the two taxa. Speybroeck et al. (2020) consequently propose recognizing Z. carniolica as a full species. This evidence is however based on small sample sizes and no previous author has suggested species-level treatment for Z. carniolica. In order to maintain taxonomic stability, this assessment retains Z. v. carniolica as a subspecies pending further work and the possible formal elevation of this taxon." 165539,Physella johnsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,johnsoni,,,,,"(Clench, 1926)", 47136863,Crenidens macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Crenidens,macracanthus,,,,,"Günther, 1874", 47137241,Polysteganus mascarenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polysteganus,mascarenensis,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2011", 47136868,Acanthopagrus catenula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,catenula,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)",Acanthopagrus catenula was previously thought to be a southern population of A. bifasciatus but was recently validated as a separate species (Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2011). 47260360,Rhabdosargus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Rhabdosargus,niger,,,,,"Tanaka & Iwatsuki, 2013", 49845495,Tropidurus hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,hispidus,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)",Populations north and south of the Amazon River probably represent different species (M. Hoogmoed pers. comm. 2014). 49845510,Tropidurus bogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,bogerti,,,,,"Roze, 1958", 49845520,Tropidurus callathelys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,callathelys,,,,,"Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998", 49845528,Tropidurus catalanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,catalanensis,,,,,"Gudynas & Skuk, 1983",Further taxonomic studies are recommended to clarify the separation of this species from T. torquatus (P. Cacciali and N. Scott pers. comm. 2014). 49845544,Tropidurus etheridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,etheridgei,,,,,"Cei, 1982", 49845554,Tropidurus guarani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,guarani,,,,,"Alvarez, Cei & Sciolaro, 1994","Carvalho (2016) revised Tropidurus guarani, identifying four morphotypes within populations assigned to this taxon and describing three of these as the new species T. lagunablanca, T. tarara and T. teyumirim." 49845578,Tropidurus hygomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,hygomi,,,,,"Reinhardt & Lütken, 1861", 49845618,Tropidurus melanopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,melanopleurus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 49845636,Tropidurus mucujensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,mucujensis,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1987", 49845666,Tropidurus spinulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,spinulosus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 49845682,Tropidurus xanthochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,xanthochilus,,,,,"Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998", 49845698,Thamnodynastes chaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,chaquensis,,,,,"Bergna & Alvarez, 1993", 49845724,Thamnodynastes ramonriveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,ramonriveroi,,,,,"Manzanilla & Sánchez, 2005","A record of this species from Trinidad (Murphy 1997) is believed to represent an undescribed species (CaribHerp), and is not considered in this assessment." 49845732,Thamnodynastes yavi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,yavi,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 1996", 49911704,Trisopterus capelanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,GADIDAE,Trisopterus,capelanus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)","Trisopterus capelanus was previously considered the Mediterranean sub-species of T. minutus (T. m. capelanus) and has since been elevated to the status of a fully valid species (Mattiangeli et al. 2000, Delling et al. 2011, Gonzalez et al. 2012)." 49981813,Holcosus orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,orcesi,,,,,"(Peters, 1964)", 50008337,Callopistes flavipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Callopistes,flavipunctatus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","Morphological differences and geographic distance from its only congener Callopistes maculatus has led some authors to place this species in the monotypic genus Tejovaranus. This scheme has not been adopted in recent revisions of teiid or squamate taxonomy (Harvey et al. 2012, Pyron et al. 2013), and so the species is retained in Callopistes here." 50008932,Ameiva pantherina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,pantherina,,,,,"Ugueto & Harvey, 2011", 50008980,Ameiva provitaae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,provitaae,,,,,"Garcia-Perez, 1995", 50009810,Pholidoscelis fuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,fuscatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)", 50010623,Ameivula ocellifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,ocellifera,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)","Cabrera (2012) described ""the southernmost population"" of the Cnemidophorus ocellifer complex (now Ameivula ocellifera following Harvey et al. 2012) as the Chaco endemic Cnemidophorus abalosi. The distribution provided by these authors covers most of Paraguay and northern Argentina, and by implication may therefore restrict A. ocellifera to Brazil and Bolivia. Cabrera (2012) did not discuss the distribution of the revised A. ocellifera, however, and so sympatry between the two taxa in at least part of this range cannot be ruled out. Avila et al. (2013) do not list this species for Argentina. It is likely that further species will be described from within the A. ocellifera species group (Cabrera 2012)." 50011330,Aurivela longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aurivela,longicauda,,,,,"(Bell, 1843)", 50011403,Aurivela tergolaevigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aurivela,tergolaevigata,,,,,"(Cabrera, 2004)", 50011707,Ameivula abalosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,abalosi,,,,,"(Cabrera, 2012)", 50011716,Cnemidophorus arubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,arubensis,,,,,"Lidth de Jeude, 1887", 50011743,Cnemidophorus cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,cryptus,,,,,"Cole & Deassauer, 1993", 50011766,Cnemidophorus flavissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,flavissimus,,,,,"Ugueto, Harvey & Rivas, 2010", 50011815,Cnemidophorus leucopsammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,leucopsammus,,,,,"Ugueto & Harvey, 2010", 50011998,Cnemidophorus nigricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,nigricolor,,,,,"Peters, 1873", 50012009,Cnemidophorus pseudolemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,pseudolemniscatus,,,,,"Cole & Dessauer, 1993","Cnemidophorus pseudolemniscatus is a triploid parthenogenetic species that originated from hybridization between C. cryptus and C. lemniscatus. In terms of the diploid bisexual ancestors, C. pseudolemniscatus has two genomes from C. lemniscatus and one from C. gramivagus (Cole and Dessauer 1993)." 50012113,Cnemidophorus rostralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,rostralis,,,,,"Ugueto & Harvey, 2010", 50012209,Contomastix lacertoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Contomastix,lacertoides,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839","Cabrera et al. (2019) investigated the systematics of Contomastix lacertoides using both morphological and molecular evidence, and concluded that Argentinian populations represent a distinct species, which they named C. celata.

Contomastix charrua was described from a population then referred to Cnemidophorus (now Contomastix) lacertoides on the basis of differences in coloration, structure of the hyoid apparatus and geological history of the cape (Cabrera and Carreira 2009). Borteiro et al. (2013) found no morphological differences between the two taxa and referred C. charrua to the synonymy of C. lacertoides. S. Carreira (pers. comm. 2016) indicates that ongoing research has identified additional differences that may warrant recognizing C. charrua as a separate species, and recommends retaining C. charrua as a valid species pending comparison with material from the C. lacertoides type locality, which was not done by Borteiro et al. (2013). C. charrua was recognized as a distinct species by Cabrera et al. (2019), but these authors do not discuss this assignment." 50012229,Contomastix leachei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Contomastix,leachei,,,,,"(Peracca, 1897)",The relationship between this species and Contomastix vittata is in need of resolution (R. Langstroth in litt.). 50012259,Contomastix serrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Contomastix,serrana,,,,,"(Cei & Martori, 1991)", 50012489,Medopheos edracantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Medopheos,edracantha,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1874)", 50012662,Teius oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Teius,oculatus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Bibron, 1837)", 50012935,Teius suquiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Teius,suquiensis,,,,,"Avila & Martori, 1991", 50012977,Teius teyou,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Teius,teyou,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802", 135690,Pleuronectes platessa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronectes,platessa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Despite the occurrence of separate sub-populations of plaice within the continental shelf populations, no significant differentiation was found using microsatellites (Hoarau et al. 2002, Was et al. 2010, Watts et al. 2010). Only mitochondrial DNA, which has a higher resolution, revealed that the North Sea-Irish Sea samples were weakly distinguishable from Norway, the Baltic and the Bay of Biscay samples (Hoarau et al. 2004). Clear genetic differentiation was found between the populations of Iceland, the Faroes, and the continental shelf of western Europe, that are separated by deep ocean channels (Hoarau et al. 2002, Was et al. 2010)." 47385652,Acanthopagrus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,pacificus,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Kume & Yoshino, 2010","Acanthopagrus pacificus is recently described and was previously known as and confused with A. berda in the western Pacific (Iwatsuki et al. 2010), including northern Australia." 12561,Macaca sylvanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,sylvanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Macaca sylvana is a synonym of M. sylvanus (Hill 1966, Deag and Crook 1971, Burton 1972, Alvarez and Horaldo 1975)." 40089,Laevicaulis haroldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA,VERONICELLIDAE,Laevicaulis,haroldi,,,,,"Dundee, 1980", 19198647,Megachile alpicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,alpicola,,,,,"Alfken, 1924", 19198420,Megachile apennina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,apennina,,,,,"Benoist, 1940",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 19199914,Megachile baetica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,baetica,,,,,"(Gerstäcker, 1869)","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It is considered as a subspecies of M. parietina by some authors (e.g., Benoist 1940)." 19198485,Megachile benoisti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,benoisti,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1977)",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. This species is possibly a junior synonym of M. pyrenaica (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014).
 19199547,Megachile binominata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,binominata,,,,,"Smith, 1853", 19198586,Megachile bioculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,bioculata,,,,,"Pérez, 1902",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimens (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19199891,Megachile breviceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,breviceps,,,,,"Friese, 1898","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear, as the species is only known from the holotype (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014)." 19199112,Megachile canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,canariensis,,,,,"Pérez, 1902", 19198923,Megachile canescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,canescens,,,,,"(Brullé, 1832)", 19199706,Megachile cressa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,cressa,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1988)",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimens (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19199903,Megachile dacica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,dacica,,,,,"Mocsary, 1879",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimen (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19198678,Megachile ghilianii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,ghilianii,,,,,"Spinola, 1843","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type material, which has been lost (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014)." 19198796,Megachile gothalauniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,gothalauniensis,,,,,"Pérez, 1902",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimens (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19199168,Megachile hohmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,hohmanni,,,,,"Tkalců, 1993", 19199784,Megachile lagopoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,lagopoda,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)", 19199429,Megachile lucidifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,lucidifrons,,,,,"Ferton, 1905",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimen (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19198752,Megachile mavromoustakisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,mavromoustakisi,,,,,"van der Zanden, 1992",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimens. 19199521,Megachile opacifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,opacifrons,,,,,"Pérez, 1897", 19199035,Megachile parietina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,parietina,,,,,"(Geoffroy, 1785)", 19198901,Megachile pugillatoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,pugillatoria,,,,,"Costa, 1863",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimen (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19198646,Megachile punctatissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,punctatissima,,,,,"Spinola, 1806",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 19199142,Megachile pusilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,pusilla,,,,,"Pérez, 1884",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimen (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19198600,Megachile roeweri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,roeweri,,,,,"(Alfken, 1927)",It is not clear if it is a distinct species from M. hungarica (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19198798,Megachile rufescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,rufescens,,,,,"(Pérez, 1879)",It is unclear if it is distinct from H. albonotata (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19198908,Megachile semicircularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,semicircularis,,,,,"van der Zanden, 1996", 19199390,Megachile semipleta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,semipleta,,,,,"Cockerell, 1921",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimen (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19199059,Megachile troodica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,troodica,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1953", 61179,Cobitis puncticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,puncticulata,,,,,"Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998", 512,Addax nasomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Addax,nasomaculatus,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1816)",Two subspecies have been named but the species is now regarded as monotypic (Newby 2013). 550,Aepyceros melampus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Aepyceros,melampus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1812)","Two subspecies are recognised, supported by molecular data (Nersting & Arctander 2001; Lorenzen et al. 2006): the Common Impala (A. m. melampus) and the Black-faced Impala (A. m. petersi). While there is no genetic structuring of Impala in East and southern Africa, microsatellite analysis does suggest some degree of isolation along the east-south gradient, which results in some distinct genetic clades, particularly in northern Kenya (Lorenzen et al. 2006, 2012)." 1141,Ammodorcas clarkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ammodorcas,clarkei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1891)", 1681,Antilope cervicapra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Antilope,cervicapra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 4137,Cephalophus adersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,adersi,,,,,"Thomas, 1918","Aders' Duker has been considered both as a species and as conspecific with C. harveyi and C. natalensis. It was regarded as a full species by East et al. (1988) and by all subsequent authors. Recent research has shown that it occurs sympatrically with C. harveyi in the Boni-Dodori region of Kenya (Andanje et al. 2011, Amin et al. 2015)." 4138,Cephalophus callipygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,callipygus,,,,,"Peters, 1876","Has been considered conspecific with Natal Red Duiker C. natalensis and also with Weyns’s Duiker C. weynsi but is separated by other authors, including Feer and Mockrin (2013), the approach followed here." 4140,Cephalophus jentinki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,jentinki,,,,,"Thomas, 1892",Monotypic. Analysis of mtDNA showed it was closest to Cephalophus dorsalis and more distantly related to C. spadix and C. silvicultor (van Vuuren and Robinson 2001). 4141,Cephalophus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,leucogaster,,,,,"Gray, 1873","Two subspecies have been named, based on minor pelage and size characters: C. l. leucogaster in the western part of the distribution and C. l. arrhenii in the eastern (Hart 2013)." 4142,Philantomba maxwellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Philantomba,maxwellii,,,,,"(C.H. Smith, 1827)","Philantomba was formerly regarded as a synonym or subgenus of Cephalophus but is now treated separately by most authors including. Two subspecies have been named, the nominate form occurring over almost all of the range and P. m. danei on two islands off the coast of Sierra Leone (Grubb and Groves 2001, Nett and Newing 2013)." 4143,Philantomba monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Philantomba,monticola,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1789)","The recognition of Philantomba as a separate genus to Sylvicapra and Cephalophus is contentious, but recent molecular evidence supports the genus as a basal clade (van Vuuren & Robinson 2001; Johnston & Anthony 2012). Thirteen subspecies have been named (Hart & Kingdon 2013), where P. m. monticola is isolated from the others, occurring from northern KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) to the Eastern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa." 4144,Cephalophus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,natalensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1834","Although Harvey’s Duiker (C. harveyi) has occasionally been included within C. natalensis (Grubb & Groves 2001; Grubb 2005), we consider these species distinct, following Kingdon (1982), East (1999), and Hoffman and Bowland (2013). Meester et al. (1986) listed two subspecies, including C. n. natalensis from KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), eastern Mpumalanga and southern Mozambique, and C. n. robertsi Rothschild 1906 from Mozambique and the regions north of the Limpopo River (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 4145,Cephalophus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,niger,,,,,"Gray, 1846","No significant intraspecific variation has been noted (Kingdon and Hoffmann 2013). In its morphology, size, behaviour and ecology it is regarded as an Upper Guinea equivalent of Peter's C. callipygus / Weyns's C. weynsi Duikers (Kingdon and Hoffmann 2013)." 4146,Cephalophus nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,nigrifrons,,,,,"Gray, 1871","Five  subspecies have been named, the nominate form in the Congo Basin and four forms in the montane forests of eastern Africa (Grubb and Groves 2001, Plumptre 2013), including a distinctive subspecies, the Rwenzori Red Duiker (C. n. rubidus), sometimes regarded as a separate species, in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Rwenzori Mountains on the Uganda/DR Congo border." 4148,Cephalophus ogilbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,ogilbyi,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)","This species probably represents a species complex of three allopatric species. Indeed, one recognized subspecies, Brooke's Duiker (C. o. brookei), from West Africa, is now often regarded as a distinct species (Grubb and Groves 2001, Grubb 2005). Treated provisionally as a single species here, following Wilson 2001 and Kingdon 2013).

Intergrades and possible hybrids with Peter's Duiker C. callipygus have been reported and further investigation is desirable.  " 4149,Cephalophus rufilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,rufilatus,,,,,"Gray, 1846","Analysis of mtDNA found a close relationship with C. rubidus, despite differences in morphology, proportions and habitat, and a slightly closer relationship to C. harveyi and C. natalensis (Jansen van Vuuren and Robinson 2001). 

Two subspecies have been named, east and west of the Chari River, but these are not recognized by all authorities (Kingdon and Hoffmann 2013). Only the species is assessed here." 4150,Cephalophus silvicultor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,silvicultor,,,,,"(Afzelius, 1815)",Four subspecies have been named (Kingdon and Lahm 2013). 4151,Cephalophus spadix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,spadix,,,,,"True, 1890",No subspecies or geographical variation have been reported (Rovero et al. 2013). 4152,Cephalophus weynsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,weynsi,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","Often treated as a subspecies of Peter’s Duiker Cephalophus callipygus (e.g. Kingdon 1982, East 1999, Wilson 2001) and has been previously lumped with Natal Red Duiker C. natalensis and Harvey's Red Duiker C. harveyi (Hart 2013).

Here it is considered a distinct species following Grubb and Groves (2001), Grubb (2005) and Hart (2013).

Three subspecies were named by Grubb and Groves (2001). Possible hybrids between C. weynsi and C. harveyi have been reported from the Mau escarpment in Kenya (Kingdon 1982)." 4153,Cephalophus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,zebra,,,,,"Gray, 1838",Monotypic. No geographical variation recorded. 4154,Cephalophus harveyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,harveyi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","Often treated as a subspecies of the Natal Red Duiker C. natalensis (Ansell 1972, Grubb and Groves 2001, Wilson 2001, Grubb 2005), but here retained as a separate species following Kingdon (1982), East (1999) and Kingdon and Rovero (2013)." 5228,Connochaetes gnou,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Connochaetes,gnou,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","The two lineages leading from a Blue Wildebeest-like ancestor to the two modern Wildebeest species diverged approximately one million years ago. The two species share the same chromosome number of 2n=58 and interspecific hybrids are fertile. First generation (F1) hybrids can be distinguished from pure animals based on external phenotypic characters, but hybrids are not distinguishable from pure animals following unidirectional backcrosses with pure Black Wildebeest over two or more generations. Levels of genetic diversity in Connochaetes gnou are lower compared to the Blue Wildebeest (C. taurinus) (Grobler et al. 2005 and ongoing work at the University of the Free State and the National Zoological Gardens), which is most likely due to the historic bottlenecks experienced by C. gnou in the late 1800s. The evolution of a distinct southern endemic Black Wildebeest in the Pleistocene was associated with, and possibly driven by, a shift towards a more specialised kind of territorial breeding behaviour, which can only function in open habitat. Thus, the evolution of the Black Wildebeest was directly associated with the emergence of Highveld-type open grasslands in the central interior of South Africa (Ackermann et al. 2010)." 6234,Beatragus hunteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Beatragus,hunteri,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1889)",Formerly included in the genus Damaliscus. 6235,Damaliscus lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Damaliscus,lunatus,,,,,"(Burchell, 1824)","Five subspecies are usually recognized: Korrigum (D. lunatus korrigum), Tiang (D. l. tiang), Coastal Topi (D. l. topi), Topi (D. l. jimela) and Tsessebe (D. l. lunatus). The last named form exhibits obvious differences from the other subspecies, with the result that this species is sometimes split into two, most recently by Grubb (2005). Cotterill (2003) recognised Tsessebes in the southern Bangweulu Flats of northeastern Zambia as a new species, Damaliscus superstes based on differences in cranial morphology and pelage, and proposed considering animals from south-central Africa (south of, and including, Angola, Zambia and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo) as D. lunatus (with the exception of D. superstes), and all other populations from East Africa and the remainder of the range provisionally as D. korrigum (followed by Grubb 2005)." 6793,Dorcatragus megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Dorcatragus,megalotis,,,,,"(Menges, 1894)",Monotypic genus. 8967,Gazella cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,cuvieri,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1841)","Genetic analyses have shown that Gazella cuvieri is the westernmost representative of closely related, twin-producing gazelles also including G. leptoceros, G.[subgutturosa] marica and G. bennettii (Hammond et al. 2001, Beudels et al. 2013).

In a more recent analysis of North African antelopes, Silva et al. (2015) found that G. cuvieri and G. leptoceros appear to form a monophyletic group, as previously suggested by Rebholz and Harley (1999). Hassanin et al. (2012) found that pairwise distances between the three taxa were very low (<1.5%) and suggested that G. leptoceros and G. marica should be regarded as subspecies of G. cuvieri." 8968,Nanger dama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Nanger,dama,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","Sometimes included in the genus Gazella, Dama Gazelle is here included in the genus Nanger, along with Soemmering’s Gazelle (N. soemmerringi) and Grant’s Gazelle (N. granti), following (Groves 2000, Grubb 2005). Cano (1984) recognized three subspecies (provisionally retained by Scholte 2013). Recent genetic analysis found no geographic structure among the populations sampled and suggested that the subspecies divisions were not valid (Senn et al. 2014a, 2016)." 8969,Gazella dorcas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,dorcas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Several subspecies have been described for Gazella dorcas, based on phenotypic variation. However, a recent phylogeographic analysis, involving only mitochondrial DNA, found no evidence for any clear-cut geographic pattern of genetic structure and sheds doubt on the validity of any proposed subspecies (Lerp et al. 2011)." 8989,Gazella gazella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,gazella,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","The taxonomy of genus Gazella is complex and several different arrangements have been proposed, but several issues remain unresolved. Gazella gazella has traditionally included gazelles from Syria and Lebanon southwards through the Arabian Peninsula, with several subspecies named, including G. g. gazella in the north and several others in the south of the distribution range.

Wronski et al. (2010) showed that Gazella gazella consists of two monophyletic lineages: a northern clade (represented by samples from the Golan Heights) and a southern clade (based on samples from the Arabian Peninsula including the southern Arava Valley), based on mtDNA markers. Lerp et al. (2013) produced similar conclusions using nuclear markers and including samples from Central Israel. Analysis of the lectotype of G. arabica (Bärman et al. 2012), a morphological and genetic study of genus Gazella (Bärmann et al. 2013), and a genetic study of gazelles in the southern Levant (Hadas et al. 2015) all further support the existence of two monophyletic lineages: a northern clade (Gazella gazella) and a southern clade (provisionally named G. arabica, from southern Negev through the Arabian Peninsula).

This arrangement is now followed by the IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group, with G. gazella replacing G. g. gazella in the former arrangement and G. arabica provisionally retained for the southern clade." 8971,Nanger granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Nanger,granti,,,,,"(Brooke, 1872)","Siegismund et al. (2013) treated Grant's Gazelle as a superspecies comprising three distinct and broadly allopatric species, based on the level of genetic differentiation among them (see Lorenzen et al. 2008). These are Grant's Gazelle (Nanger (granti) granti), Bright's Gazelle (Nanger (granti) notata) and Peter's Gazelle (Nanger (granti) petersii). A number of subspecies have been proposed, e.g., N. (g.) g. granti and N. (g.) g. robertsi, however the data are inconclusive and the subspecies are not well authenticated (Lorenzen et al. 2008; Siegismund et al. 2013)." 8972,Gazella leptoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,leptoceros,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1842)","Groves (1988) included Gazella leptoceros with G. subgutturosa in the subgenus Trachelocele. In a recent analysis of North African antelopes, Silva et al. (2015) found that G. cuvieri and G. leptoceros appear to form a monophyletic group. Hassanin et al. (2012) found that pairwise distances between the three taxa were very low (<1.5%) and suggested that G. leptoceros and G. marica should be regarded as subspecies of G. cuvieri.

Two subspecies have been described, the nominate form from Egypt and G. l. loderi from Algeria and Tunisia. There are no obvious geographical barriers and the boundaries between the two forms have not been clearly delineated. DNA analysis is needed to confirm the validity – or otherwise – of the two forms." 8973,Eudorcas rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Eudorcas,rufifrons,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","The number of subspecies recognized has varied in the past depending on whether this species was treated as conspecific with related forms, namely Thomson’s Gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii) and Mongalla Gazelle (E. albonotata) (Gentry 1972, Kingdon 1997, East 1999). Furthermore, the form tilonura, from east of the Nile River, is either considered a subspecies of E. rufifrons (e.g., Grubb 2005), or a distinct species (Groves 2013). The treatment here follows Groves (2013) in recognizing, at least provisionally, three species: E. rufifrons occurring from Senegal to Sudan, west of the White Nile; E. albonotata in the Sudd of South Sudan, and E. tilonura to the east of the Blue Nile. Genetic research to clarify the relationships between these three forms and E. thomsonii is highly desirable." 8975,Gazella spekei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,spekei,,,,,"Blyth, 1863","Gazella speckei is a monotypic species, with no geographical variation reported." 8976,Gazella subgutturosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,subgutturosa,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1780)","Recent research has shown that Arabian Sand Gazelle (G. s. marica) is genetically distinct and and is now regarded as a separate species Gazella marica (Wacher et al. 2010).

Three further subspecies have been recognized: G. s. hilleriana; G. s. yarkandensis; and the nominate form, Persian Goitered Gazelle G. s. subgutturosa (Kingswood and Blank 1996, Grubb 2005). However most of these subspecies have not been verified by genetic analysis. Only the species is assessed here." 8977,Gazella marica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,marica,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","Gazella marica was formerly included in Gazella subgutturosa. DNA evidence revealed that these represent separate lineages (Wacher et al. 2010) and G. marica is now regarded as a separate, though closely related species.

Hassanin et al. (2012) found that pairwise distances between G. cuvieri, G. leptoceros and G. marica were very low (<1.5%) and suggested that G. leptoceros and G. marica should be regarded as subspecies of G. cuvieri. This would have significant implications for conservation and more research to further clarify the situation is a priority." 8978,Gazella bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,bennettii,,,,,"(Sykes, 1831)", 8980,Gazella saudiya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,saudiya,,,,,"Carruthers & Schwarz, 1935","Gazella saudiya is sometimes treated as a subspecies of Gazella dorcas but, on the basis of genetic analyses, Hammond et al. (2001) maintained that G. saudiya was distinct from G. dorcas, though closely related to it. See also Groves (1988) and Grubb (2005)." 8987,Gazella bilkis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,bilkis,,,,,"Groves & Lay, 1985","The validity of this taxon is unclear. Some authors have considered bilkis as a subspecies of G. arabica, a little-known gazelle known from a few specimens on the Farasan Islands (Groves 1996, Grubb 2005). However, the type specimen of G. arabica has recently been shown by DNA analysis to be a misidentified specimen of G. gazella (Bärman et al. 2012). Genetic research at King Khaled Wildlife Research Centre, Saudi Arabia, also raised some doubts about the validity of the specific status of G. bilkis. Regardless, there is no doubt that the population of gazelles originally described as G. bilkis is certainly now extinct." 8991,Eudorcas tilonura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Eudorcas,tilonura,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1868)","Eudorcas tilonura occurs east of the river Nile. In the past it has been been treated as conspecific with Thomson’s Gazelle (E. thomsonii), and Mongalla Gazelle (E. albonotata) (Gentry 1972, Kingdon 1997, East 1999) or as a subspecies of E. rufifrons (e.g., Grubb 2005). Groves (2013) considered it as a distinct species and this treatment is provisionally followed here." 8992,Eudorcas albonotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Eudorcas,albonotata,,,,,"(W. Rothschild, 1903)","Included in the genus Eudorcas following Groves (2000) and Grubb (2005). Mongalla Gazelle is here treated as a species distinct from Thomson's Gazelle (E. thomsonii), following recent authors (FitzGibbon and Wilmshurst 2013, Groves 2013, Hashim and Kingdon 2013) (though see Grubb 2005 who includes it with Red-fronted Gazelle G. rufifrons)." 10167,Hippotragus equinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Hippotragus,equinus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)","Six subspecies have been described, but the validity of most of these is still in doubt, and recent genetic studies have shown that only the western African subspecies (Hippotragus equinus koba) constitutes a genetically separate group from those in the rest of Africa (Alpers et al. 2004). Management authorities therefore work with Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and use H. e. equinus as the putative indigenous subspecies within the assessment region. Hippotragus e. cottoni should also be seen as an indigenous subspecies. The equinus/cottoni complex is treated as one by nature conservation authorities as there may be no significant genetic differences between the two. Many of the Roan Antelope in South Africa are H. e. cottoni or equinus x cottoni (especially on private properties)." 10168,Hippotragus leucophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Hippotragus,leucophaeus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 10170,Hippotragus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Hippotragus,niger,,,,,"(Harris, 1838)","Four subspecies are usually recognized: H. n. niger, H. n. kirkii, H. n. roosevelti and the isolated Giant Sable (H. n. variani) from Angola. As for many other antelope species, the validity and precise distribution of most of the described subspecies are uncertain. An extensive study of the geographical genetic structure of Hippotragus niger identified three genetic subdivisions representing a Kenya and east Tanzania clade (H. n. roosevelti), a west Tanzania clade (H. n. kirkii), and a southern African clade (H. n. niger) (Pitra et al. 2002), which corroborated the findings of Matthee and Robinson (1999) that delineated a genetic barrier between the east and southern African (Angola, Zambia and Malawi southwards) clades, thus cautioning against translocations between the two areas." 10341,Hyemoschus aquaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Hyemoschus,aquaticus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1841)",No subspecies have been recognised. 11033,Kobus leche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Kobus,leche,,,,,"Gray, 1850","Four distinct lechwe populations are recognized as subspecies (Ansell and Banfield 1979, Birungi and Arctander 2001): Black Lechwe (K. l. smithemani); Kafue Lechwe (K. l. kafuensis); Red Lechwe (K. l. leche); and the extinct Robert's Lechwe (K. l. robertsi). A fifth taxon, the Upemba Lechwe from south-eastern DR Congo, which Cotterill (2005) described as a distinct species, is treated here as a subspecies, K. l. anselli." 11034,Kobus megaceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Kobus,megaceros,,,,,"(Fitzinger, 1855)", 11035,Kobus ellipsiprymnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Kobus,ellipsiprymnus,,,,,"(Ogilbyi, 1833)","Although previously regarded as separate species, the Defassa Waterbuck and the Common Waterbuck are now listed as the subspecies Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa and K. e. ellipsiprymnus, respectively. These subspecies can be distinguished by differences in coat colouration, rump patterns, genetics (Lorenzen et al. 2006) and geographic range. Their distributions overlap somewhat in East Africa, where genetically intermediate populations exist, suggesting a high degree of hybridisation in the Nairobi National Park population in Kenya (Lorenzen et al. 2006)." 11036,Kobus kob,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Kobus,kob,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","Several subspecies have been named but three are usually recognized: White-eared Kob K. k. leucotis; Uganda Kob K. k. thomasi; and Buffon’s Kob K. k. kob (Kingdon 1997, East 1999, Fischer 2013). Lorenzen et al. (2007) question the taxonomic status of K. k. kob and K. k. thomasi as two separate subspecies due to the similarity of their mtDNA sequences (although they are phenotypically distinct). Birungi (1999) proposed that the Puku (Kobus vardonii) might be a subspecies of the Kob rather than a distinct species." 11037,Kobus vardonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Kobus,vardonii,,,,,"(Livingstone, 1857)",Molecular data (Birungi and Arctander 2000) provide evidence that the Puku may be a subspecies of the more widely distributed kob Kobus kob. 12142,Litocranius walleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Litocranius,walleri,,,,,"(Brooke, 1879)",Two subspecies have been named for Litocranius walleri: the southern L. w. walleri and the larger northern L. w. sclateri (see Grubb 2002). The boundary between the two named forms is not clearly defined. Only the species is assessed here. 12667,Madoqua piacentinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Madoqua,piacentinii,,,,,"Drake-Brockman, 1911","Previously considered a subspecies of M. saltiana, but considered a distinct species by Yalden (1978), Grubb (2005), and Simonetta 2013) and this is followed here. Genetic research into the status of both species would be desirable." 12668,Madoqua saltiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Madoqua,saltiana,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1816)","At least five subspecies have been proposed, based on phenotypic variation: M. s. saltiana, M. s. hararensis, M. s. lawrancei, M. s. phillipsi, and M. s. swaynei (Yalden 2013). The latter has been regarded as a full species by some authors. Clarification through molecular genetic analysis of these relationships, and of the whole Madoqua species complex, is highly desirable. The distribution of the species is contiguous and boundaries between the named subspecies are not clearly delineated. Only the species is assessed." 12669,Madoqua guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Madoqua,guentheri,,,,,"Thomas, 1894","Four subspecies have been recognised, based on size and pelage features (Hoppe and Brotherton 2013). The validity of these has not been confirmed by genetic evidence and precise geographic boundaries between them are not delineated. Only the species is assessed here." 12670,Madoqua kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Madoqua,kirkii,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)","Molecular evidence (Kumamoto et al. 1994, Kingswood and Kumamoto 1997) strongly suggests that Madoqua kirkii, as traditionally recognized, is a complex of species, comprising what may effectively represent four distinct species: M. damarensis in Namibia and Angola, and three species, M. cavendishi, M. kirkii and M. thomasi in East Africa (see Brotherton 2013 for review). We provisionally continue to recognize a single species (as per Grubb 2005), recognizing this may require reviewing in the near future." 14602,Neotragus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Neotragus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Monotypic. 14603,Neotragus batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Neotragus,batesi,,,,,"de Winton, 1903","Two subspecies are recognized, based on contrasts in pelage and leg colour: N. batesi batesi in the west, and N. b. harrisoni in northeastern The Democratic Republic of the Congo (Feer 2013). These have not been confirmed by genetic evidence. Only the species is assessed here." 14604,Nesotragus moschatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Nesotragus,moschatus,,,,,"Von Dueben, 1846","There are two subspecies of the Suni within southern Africa (Meester et al. 1986); Neotragus moschatus livingstonianus (Kirk 1865) from northeastern Zimbabwe northward, and Neotragus moschatus zuluensis (Thomas 1898) from northern KwaZulu-Natal Province (KZN) South Africa, southern Mozambique and south-eastern Zimbabwe. Although subpopulations from different regions are phenotypically indistinguishable, cytogenetic differences between N. m. akeleyi (from Kenya) and N. m. zuluensis indicate that they should be recognised as distinct management units (Kingswood et al. 1998). Globally, five subspecies have been described but the boundaries between forms are not clearly delineated (IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2016)." 15485,Oreotragus oreotragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Oreotragus,oreotragus,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1783)","Eleven subspecies of Klipspringer were described by Ansell (1972). In southern Africa, the nominate O. o. oreotragus occurs within the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape provinces, probably as far east as the Free State, while O. o. transvaalensis, is located in eastern South Africa, particularly the Limpopo, North West, Mpumalanga and the KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa, and it may extend into southern Mozambique. O. o. tyleri occurs in Angola and Namibia, while O. o. stevensoni is found in Zimbabwe and Botswana (Ansell 1972). The precise geographical limits of these subspecies’ distributions remains unclear. Further taxonomic resolution is needed." 15568,Oryx dammah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Oryx,dammah,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)", 15569,Oryx leucoryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Oryx,leucoryx,,,,,"(Pallas, 1777)", 15571,Oryx beisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Oryx,beisa,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)","Previously this species was considered a subspecies of the Gemsbok Oryx gazella, but is here treated as distinct following Kingdon (1997), Grubb (2005) and Wacher and Kingdon (2013). Two subspecies are recognized: Beisa Oryx (O. b. beisa) and Fringe-eared Oryx (O. b. callotis), north and south of the Tana River, respectively. The two subspecies are morphologically recognizable and analysis of mtDNA control region and cytochrome b sequences revealed significant genetic differentiation and historic isolation (Masembe et al. 2006). However, three distinct lineages are present within the species, one corresponding to O. b. callotis and the other two within O. b. beisa, the latter demonstrating ancient introgressive hybridization (Masembe et al. 2006, Wacher and Kingdon 2013)." 15730,Ourebia ourebi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ourebia,ourebi,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1783)","The common name may be derived from the Khoikhoi name orabi (Skinner & Chimimba 2005).

Apparent regional differences in body size and colouration have led to 13 Oribi subspecies being suggested (Ansell 1972). However, to date no genetic work has been done to confirm whether these different populations are in fact different subspecies (Brashares & Arcese 2013). Nevertheless, the latest look at these different populations suggests 12 possible subspecies (Brashares & Arcese 2013). These include: O. o. ourebi, O. o. hastata, O. o. rutila, O. o. cottoni, O. o. masakensis, O. o. aequatoria, O. o. kenyae, O. o. haggardi, O. o. gallarum, O. o. montana, O. o. gosling and O. o. quadriscopa. Of these, O. o. haggardi, which is found in Kenya and Somalia, is the only population geographically isolated from the rest of the subspecies (Brashares & Arcese 2013). Sadly, O. o. keniae from Mount Kenya is now extinct (Hillman et al. 1988).

Generally, three subspecies are recognised in southern Africa (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Brashares & Arcese 2013) with O. o. ourebi (Zimmermann, 1783) occurring in South African, and southern and central Mozambique. A recent genetic study (van Vuuren et al. in prep.) has found that there is a high genetic variability within the South Africa Oribi population, and thus the population is healthy. Moreover, the genetic evidence indicates that all Oribi in South Africa belong to a single (panmictic) population. Thus, suggestions of geographic genetic differences north and south of the Tugela River are unfounded." 15967,Pantholops hodgsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Pantholops,hodgsonii,,,,,"(Abel, 1826)",The Chiru or Tibetan Antelope is the only representative of a rather aberrant Caprinae genus (Pantholops) (Gatesy et al. 1997). It has previously been classified as a monotypic tribe Pantholopini and together with Saiga (Saiga tatarica) in a separate tribe Saigini. 16484,Pelea capreolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Pelea,capreolus,,,,,"(Forster, 1790)",Recent molecular work indicates that this species is a sister taxon to a clade that includes both waterbuck (Kobus) and reedbuck (Redunca) species (Robinson et al. 2014). No subspecies are recognised (Skinner & Chimimba 2005) 18230,Procapra przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Procapra,przewalskii,,,,,"(Büchner, 1891)",Procapra przewalskii has been considered a subspecies of Procapra picticaudata but species status is unanimously agreed. Genetic analysis shows the taxon is closer to the Mongolian Gazelle P. gutturosa than to P. picticaudata. 19306,Raphicerus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Raphicerus,melanotis,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1811)",No subspecies are recognised (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). 19307,Raphicerus sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Raphicerus,sharpei,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","Has been considered conspecific with R. melanotis. Two subspecies proposed but validity doubtful (Hoffmann and Wilson 2013).

It was initially said that, like the Steenbok, Sharpe’s Grysbok did not have “false hooves” (a pair of supplementary hooves above the fetlocks), and was previously called the Sharpe’s Steenbok (Stevenson-Hamilton 1947; Astley Maberly 1952). It was later shown that the Sharpe’s sometimes does have false hooves but more often not (Astley Maberly 1963). Due to closer morphological links with the larger Cape Grysbok Stevenson-Hamilton 1947), although the latter always has ‘false hooves’, this species was later classified as Sharpe’s Grysbok. They thus appear to form a link between the Cape Grysbok and the Steenbok" 19308,Raphicerus campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Raphicerus,campestris,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1811)","Although various subspecies have been suggested, for example Ansell (1972) recorded eight and Meester et al. (1986) listed five subspecies south of the Sahara Desert, the validity of these subspecies remains questionable. Two commonly accepted subspecies include Raphicerus campestris campestris from southern Africa and R. c. neumanni from East Africa (Kingdon 1997; du Toit 2013). Taxonomic revision of this species is necessary (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 19390,Redunca arundinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Redunca,arundinum,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1785)","A polytypic species; several subspecies have been named, but only two are widely recognised (Kingdon & Hoffmann 2013): a northern (R. a. occidentalis) and a southern (R. a. arundinum) (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), the latter of which is found in the assessment region. Only the species is assessed here." 19391,Redunca fulvorufula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Redunca,fulvorufula,,,,,"(Afzelius, 1815)","There are three recognised subspecies (Ansell 1972; IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2008; Avenant 2013): Western Mountain Reedbuck (R. f. adamauae), Chanler’s Mountain Reedbuck (R. f. chanleri), and Southern Mountain Reedbuck (R. f. fulvorufula), which is the only subspecies to occur in the assessment region (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 19392,Redunca redunca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Redunca,redunca,,,,,"(Pallas, 1767)","As many as seven subspecies have been recognized, which Kingdon and Hoffmann (2013) reduced to five, noting that a review was necessary." 19832,Saiga tatarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Saiga,tatarica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Saiga tatarica is the only species in the genus Saiga. Two subspecies are recognised: Saiga tatarica tatarica (to which the majority of the global population belongs), and Saiga tatarica mongolica, endemic to western Mongolia.

Mongolian Saiga was first described as a separate species, Saiga mongolica by Bannikov (1946) based on differences in skull measurements, shape and size of horns, and colour of pelage. However, the author later revised his opinion and considered it to be only a subspecies (Bannikov 1954).

Grubb (2005) recognized the Pleistocene mammoth-steppe Saiga as a distinct species S. borealis, following Baryshnikov and Tikhonov (1994) and included the living subspecies mongolica. However, a later analysis of mtDNA from 93 tissue samples from all five extant Saiga populations confirmed that S. tatarica mongolica is genetically distinct, whereas the four populations of the nominate subspecies are polyphyletic, consistent with recent fragmentation and population declines; there were slight but clear differences between S. t. mongolica and S. t. tatarica, confirming the current designation of S. t. mongolica as a subspecies rather than a species Kholodova et al. (2006).

A second genetic study (Campos et al. 2010) analysed modern and fossil Saiga using mtDNA from 27 ancient and 38 modern specimens from all parts of Saiga range, including two specimens of putative S. borealis. The results showed two distinct lineages, the first including all modern and fossil Saiga from north-east Yakutia and the Urals; the second occurring only in the northern Urals and is now extinct. Campos et al. (2010) conclude that: “...the data suggest that S. borealis does not constitute a distinct subspecies or species”. Furthermore, the authors of this 2010 study include both Baryshnikov and Tikhonov, co-authors of the 1994 paper, and who are therefore regarded as supporting this revised view (Mallon 2016a).

The two genetic studies carried out to date show slight genetic differences between the two forms and agree that mongolica should be considered a subspecies. However, these conclusions are based on mtDNA only and depend on a relatively small number of Mongolian samples. For a definitive view of the phylogenetic relationship between tatarica and mongolica, further analysis based on a larger sample size and including nuclear DNA is needed." 21203,Sylvicapra grimmia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Sylvicapra,grimmia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","As many as fourteen subspecies of Sylvicapra grimmia have been recognised in Africa (Grubb & Groves 2001; Wilson 2013), however it is difficult to identify the precise geographic limits of each subspecies as the Common Duiker has a continuous distribution across sub-Saharan Africa (Wilson 2013). Some of these subspecies can be distinguished based on colouration and size characteristics (Wilson 2013). Within the assessment region, S. g. grimmia occurs in the extreme south of the species’ range (Western, Eastern and Northern Cape provinces; Skinner & Chimimba 2005), and is substantially greyer in colour compared to the other subspecies, hence the alternate name, Grey Duiker in the Cape (Wilson 2013). Sylvicapra g. caffa is found further north of S. g. grimmia within the KwaZulu-Natal, North West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), extending into southern Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe (Wilson 2013). The sandy-coloured S. g. steinhardti ranges throughout Namibia into Angola, Botswana and marginally into the Northern Cape Province to Port Nolloth (Wilson 2013). While distribution is continuous, there are many cases of intergradation but geographical boundaries between forms have not been delineated accurately (IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2016). Hence only the species is assessed here." 21251,Syncerus caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Syncerus,caffer,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1779)","The African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) exhibits substantial morphological variability (Skinner and Chimimba 2005), resulting in controversies regarding the recognition of the various subspecies (Smitz et al. 2013). Recent evidence supports the separation of two distinct groups, corresponding to a West and Central African group and an East and Southern African group (Smitz et al. 2013). The East and Southern African group is comprised of a single subspecies (Syncerus caffer caffer), which is found in the assessment region. The West and Central African group is assigned to two or three subspecies (S. c. nanus, S. c. brachyceros and S. c. aequinoctialis), although the latter two of these subspecies are not recognised by all authorities (Le Roex et al. 2012, Smitz et al. 2013).

The West African Savannah Buffalo, S. c. brachyceros (from Senegal to Cameroon) and the Central African Savannah Buffalo, S. c. aequinoctialis (from Central Africa to Sudan) are morphologically intermediate between S. c. caffer (Southern Savannah Buffalo) and S. c. nanus (Forest Buffalo) (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). Forest Buffalo are adapted to forest life, having a smaller size, unobtrusive swept back horns and a red to reddish-brown colouration, and are restricted to West Africa (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). Southern Savannah Buffalo are about twice the size of Forest Buffalo, with large downward curved horns and a brownish to black colouration (Smitz et al. 2013). The taxonomic uncertainty in these four subspecies is corroborated by the observation of interbreeding and intermediate phenotypes in contact zones between all four subspecies (Prins 1996), and at least one reported cross between S. c. caffer and S. c. nanus (Smitz et al. 2013). Based on recent genetic results, S. c. brachyceros and S. c. aequinoctialis would be included in S. c. nanus following standard nomenclature rules (Smitz et al. 2013). Evidence suggests that buffalo populations in Uganda and the Central African Republic display the highest genetic diversity of all African Buffalo populations and this could be the region where the most overlap exists between the two main groups (S. c. nanus and S. c. caffer) (Smitz et al. 2013). Analysis of 766 mtDNA sequences from 43 localities indicates that S. c. caffer is found in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa and Namibia (Smitz et al. 2013)." 21661,Tetracerus quadricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tetracerus,quadricornis,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1816)", 30208,Damaliscus pygargus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Damaliscus,pygargus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1767)","The valid name of this species is Damaliscus pygargus, not Damaliscus dorcas which appears more commonly in the literature (see Rookmaaker 1991; Grubb 1999, 2005; David and Lloyd 2013). Two well-differentiated subspecies are recognized: the Bontebok D. p. pygargus and the Blesbok D. p. phillipsi. The two have been considered as separate species by some (e.g., Allen 1939, and see Essop et al. 1991), but are here regarded as conspecific." 44172,Tragelaphus derbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,derbianus,,,,,"(Gray, 1847)",There are two recognized subspecies: Western Giant Eland (Tragelaphus derbianus derbianus) and Eastern Giant Eland (T. d. gigas) (East 1999). The species is referred to as Taurotragus derbianus by Grubb (2005). 63541,Nanger soemmerringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Nanger,soemmerringii,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)","This species was separated from Gazella and placed in the genus Nanger along with N. granti and N. dama by Grubb (2005) and this arrangement is widely followed. Three subspecies have been named, based on variations in coat colour and horns. The boundaries between the three forms have not been clearly delineated and their validity has not been confirmed by genetic analysis. Only the species is assessed here." 60421,Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Petroleuciscus,smyrnaeus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 2467,Balaena mysticetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENIDAE,Balaena,mysticetus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",The taxonomy of the Bowhead Whale is not in doubt. There are four identified subpopulations two of which (Okhotsk Sea and East Greenland-Svalbard-Barents Sea) have separate IUCN Red List assessments. 2474,Balaenoptera acutorostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,acutorostrata,,,,,"Lacépède, 1804","

Until the 1990s, only one species of Minke Whale was recognized, the Antarctic Minke Whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis, being regarded as conspecific with the Common Minke Whale, B. acutorostrata. Most of the scientific literature prior to the late 1990s uses the name B. acutorostrata for all Minke Whales including Antarctic Minke Whales. Since 2000, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) Scientific Committee has recognized Antarctic Minke Whales as the separate species B. bonaerensis, and provisionally assigns all Northern Hemisphere Minke Whales and all Southern Hemisphere ""Dwarf"" Minke Whales to B. acutorostrata (IWC 2001). This practice has been followed by management and treaty bodies, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

The Dwarf Minke Whale is the common name used for B. acutorostrata in the Southern Hemisphere. It was initially described by Best (1985) and Arnold et al. (1987) in terms of its differences from the Antarctic Minke Whale. Subsequent genetic analyses (Wada et al. 1991, Pastene et al. 1994) revealed that the Dwarf Minke Whale is conspecific with the ""ordinary"" Minke Whale of the Northern Hemisphere, which was given the name Common Minke Whale, while the Antarctic Minke Whale is the separate species B. bonaerensis (see separate Red List assessment).

Following Rice (1998) the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy provisionally recognizes three subspecies: B. a. acutorostrata (Lacépède, 1804) in the North Atlantic, B. a. scammoni (Deméré, 1986) (= B. a . davidsoni) in the North Pacific, and the Dwarf Minke Whale as an unnamed subspecies in the Southern Hemisphere (Committee on Taxonomy 2017). However, the limited sampling of Dwarf Minke Whales to date does not support the grouping together of all Southern Hemisphere Dwarf Minke Whales. For example, Pastene et al. (2010) found Dwarf Minke Whales from Brazil and Chile to be more closely related to Common Minke Whales in the North Atlantic than to Dwarf Minke Whales in the South Pacific.

" 2476,Balaenoptera edeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,edeni,,,,,"Anderson, 1879","

Rice’s Whale (Balaenoptera ricei) is a distinct evolutionary lineage closely related to Eden’s Whale (Balaenoptera edeni edeni), Bryde’s Whale (B. e. brydei) and Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) (Rosel et al. 2021). Previously considered an undescribed subspecies of Balaenoptera edeni and referred to as the Gulf of Mexico Whale or the Gulf of Mexico Bryde’s Whale, a recent morphological study of Rice’s Whale has revealed diagnostic differences in the shape and size of bones in the skull in comparison to the two subspecies of B. edeni. This morphological evidence reinforced earlier findings of significant genetic divergence and fixed DNA differences found in several mitochondrial DNA genes; together these data supported the description of the new species B. ricei . With elevation of Rice’s Whale to species status, there is still uncertainty as to whether Eden’s Whale and Bryde’s Whale, each of which is clearly distinct, represent subspecies of B. edeni or full species.

" 2478,Balaenoptera physalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,physalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

The Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy provisionally recognizes three subspecies: the Northern Fin Whale, Balaenoptera physalus physalus, (Linnaeus, 1758); the Southern Fin Whale, B. p. quoyi (Fischer, 1829), which is larger than B. p. physalus, and the Pygmy Fin Whale, B. p. patachonica (Burmeister, 1865), proposed by Clark (2004), which is smaller than B. p. quoyi and has dark baleen (Committee on Taxonomy 2018). However, Archer et al. (2013) proposed on genetic grounds that Fin Whales in the North Atlantic and North Pacific should be considered separate subspecies. There are few records of B. p. patachonica and the type specimen is currently (May 2018) awaiting genetic analysis. In older accounts, the common name Fin Whale, and its equivalent in other languages, tended to be used for any whales of the genus Balaenoptera.

" 2480,Balaenoptera bonaerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,bonaerensis,,,,,"Burmeister, 1867","Until the 1990s, only one species of Minke Whale was recognized, the Antarctic Minke Whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis being regarded as conspecific with the Common Minke Whale (B. acutorostrata). Most of the scientific literature prior to the late 1990s uses the name B. acutorostrata for all Minke Whales including Antarctic Minke Whales. Since 2000, the International Whaling Commission (IWC) Scientific Committee has recognized Antarctic Minke Whales as the separate species B. bonaerensis, while all Northern Hemisphere Minke Whales and all Southern Hemisphere ""dwarf"" Minke Whales are regarded as B. acutorostrata (IWC 2001). This has been followed by management and treaty bodies, such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This is based on genetic and morphological evidence that the two Minke Whale species, which are partially sympatric in the Southern Hemisphere, are distinct species (Rice 1998, Wada et al. 1991, Pastene et al. 1994, Pastene et al. 2007). " 2763,Berardius bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Berardius,bairdii,,,,,"Stejneger, 1883","

There has been some suggestion that Baird’s and Arnoux’s Beaked Whales are the same species, but analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear intron sequence data revealed multiple fixed genetic differences, confirming that the species are reproductively isolated and valid taxonomic entities (Dalebout 2002).  The recently described Berardius minimus  (Yamada et al. 2019) differs from all of its congeners by having the following unique characters: much smaller body size of physically mature individuals, proportionately shorter beak, and darker body color. Also, within 431 base pairs of the mtDNA control region, B. minimus can be differentiated from B. bairdii and B. arnuxii by 16 and 22 diagnostic sites, respectively. The range of B. minimus lies within the northern part of the distribution of B. bairdii such that earlier assessments would have included both species, especially in northern Hokkaido and the eastern Aleutian Islands (Yamada et al. 2019).

" 3778,Caperea marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,NEOBALAENIDAE,Caperea,marginata,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","

Despite its common name, the Pygmy Right Whale (Caperea marginata) is not closely related to Right Whales (Eubalaena spp.). Currently assigned to its own family, the Neobalaenidae, it may be the last surviving member of the formerly diverse Cetotheriidae (Marx and Fordyce 2016).

" 4160,Cephalorhynchus eutropia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Cephalorhynchus,eutropia,,,,,"Gray, 1846", 4161,Cephalorhynchus heavisidii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Cephalorhynchus,heavisidii,,,,,"(Gray, 1828)","No subspecies have been described for Cephalorhynchus heavisidii (Skinner and Chimimba 2005). Recent genetic research using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and thirteen microsatellite loci to determine population genetic structure and gene flow revealed contrasting patterns of geographical variation among seven sampling sites (N = 395 specimens) across South Africa and Namibia (Gopal 2014). Mitochondrial DNA suggested fine-scale division, with six populations identified, whilst microsatellite markers indicated two widespread populations. These results are in contrast to earlier genetic work that found no evidence of population structure between South Africa and Namibia (van Vuuren et al. 2002), due to poor sampling. Gopal’s (2014) results highlight the importance of evaluating multiple markers to have a comprehensive understanding of population structure in order to implement the correct conservation measures and for continual monitoring to take place to ensure the survivorship of this species." 6335,Delphinapterus leucas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MONODONTIDAE,Delphinapterus,leucas,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","

The Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and the Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) are the only two species in the cetacean family Monodontidae (Rice 1998). While these are well defined taxa, Heide-Jørgensen and Reeves (1993) described a skull from West Greenland of what apparently was a Narwhal-Beluga hybrid. Some early Russian researchers split Belugas into three species or subspecies, but that approach was rejected by Kleinenberg et al. (1964) and Rice (1998).

While Belugas occur broadly in Arctic and Subarctic waters, their distribution, movements, and life history characteristics suggest the existence of numerous subpopulations or management stocks using a diverse range of habitats (e.g., Frost and Lowry 1990, Heide-Jørgensen and Wiig 2002). Studies using genetic markers have confirmed the existence of at least 21 subpopulations that are largely demographically isolated (O’Corry-Crowe et al. 1997, 2010, Brown-Gladden et al. 1999, de March et al. 2002, Laidre et al. 2015). The pattern of subpopulation isolation in the Pacific likely results from relatively rapid dispersal into new habitats following recession of the last Pleistocene ice sheets (O’Corry-Crowe et al. 1997). Land masses and heavy sea ice cover limit interchange between subpopulations across the Arctic, as does strong site fidelity, but climate oscillations in the Holocene may have provided relatively recent opportunities for subpopulations to mix (O’Corry-Crowe et al. 2010).

" 8097,Eschrichtius robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ESCHRICHTIIDAE,Eschrichtius,robustus,,,,,"(Lilljeborg, 1861)", 8153,Eubalaena australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENIDAE,Eubalaena,australis,,,,,"(Desmoulins, 1822)","

The Southern Right Whale has for some time been widely accepted as a species separate from its Northern Hemisphere relatives, although Rice (1998) regarded the Right Whales in all oceans as a single species and placed them in the genus Balaena along with B. mysticetus, the Bowhead Whale. Genetic analyses support the concept of three separate phylogenetic species of Right Whale, one in the North Atlantic, one in the North Pacific, and one in the Southern Hemisphere (Rosenbaum et al. 2000). The International Whaling Commission (IWC 2004) and the Society for Marine Mammalogy's Taxonomy Committee (Committee on Taxonomy 2017) accept the latter taxonomy. The ranges of the three Right Whale species do not overlap.

" 8551,Feresa attenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Feresa,attenuata,,,,,"Gray, 1875",

Pygmy Killer Whales (Feresa attenuata) are easily confused with Melon-Headed Whales (Peponocephala electra) in the field because of their similar external morphology (Jefferson et al. 2015).

9249,Globicephala macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Globicephala,macrorhynchus,,,,,"Gray, 1846","Two forms of Short-finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) are found off northern and southern Japan, differing in external and cranial morphology (Kasuya et al. 1988, Van Cise et al. 2016). Although it has been suggested that these might represent two distinct sub-species (Oremus et al. 2009), evidence has not been marshalled to make this distinction official and no subspecies of Short-finned Pilot Whale are currently recognized (Van Cise et al. 2016, Committee on Taxonomy 2017)." 9250,Globicephala melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Globicephala,melas,,,,,"(Traill, 1809)","

Three subspecies of the Long-finned Pilot Whale are currently recognized: Globicephala melas melas in the North Atlantic, G. m. edwardii in the Southern Hemisphere, and an un-named subspecies in Japanese waters (extinct since the 8th-12th century A.D.) (Rice 1998, Oremus et al. 2009, Committee on Taxonomy 2017).

" 9461,Grampus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Grampus,griseus,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1812)", 10707,Hyperoodon ampullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Hyperoodon,ampullatus,,,,,"(Forster, 1770)","

The Northern Bottlenose Whale forms an anti-tropical species pair with the Southern Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon planifrons. The variation in mitochondrial control region sequences between the two species of Hyperoodon was 4.12% higher than for all other beaked whale species, and 3.78% higher than between the anti-tropical species pair Berardius bairdii and B. arnuxii  (Dalebout et al. 1998). Also, the skull characters are very distinct between the two species.

" 10708,Hyperoodon planifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Hyperoodon,planifrons,,,,,"Flower, 1882","

The Southern Bottlenose Whale forms an antitropical species pair with the Northern Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus. Intraspecific variation in mitochondrial control region sequences of two specimens from New Zealand was 4.12% higher than for all other cetacean species, and higher than between the antitropical species pair Berardius bairdii and B. arnuxii (3.78%) (Dalebout et al. 1998). Also, the skull characters are very distinct between the two species.

" 10831,Inia geoffrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,INIIDAE,Inia,geoffrensis,,,,,"(Blainville, 1817)","

This assessment follows the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (2017) which recognizes a single species in the genus, Inia geoffrensis, the Amazon River Dolphin, with two subspecies: I. g. boliviensis (d’ Orbigny 1834), the Bolivian Bufeo, and I. g. geoffrensis (Blainville 1817), the Common Boto. The Bolivian Bufeo occurs in the Iténez-Guaporé, Mamoré, and Rio Grande River basins in Bolivia (Tavera et al. 2010) and along almost the entire length of the Madeira River in Brazil (Gravena et al. 2014a,b). The Common Boto occurs in the Amazon River system of Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, in the Araguaia-Tocantins River system in eastern Brazil which has no connection to the Amazon River basin (Hrbek et al., 2014, Siciliano et al. 2016a), and in the Orinoco Basin of Venezuela and Colombia (Best and da Silva 1989b, Trujillo et al. 2010a). To emphasize the taxonomic uncertainty concerning how many species should be recognized in the genus, and the fact that these dolphins inhabit several river basins in addition to the Amazon, this assessment does not use the common name Amazon River Dolphin but instead uses the genus name Inia.

A new species I. boliviensis (d’Orbigny 1834) was described from a specimen collected in the Rio Itenez (or Guapore in Brazilian Portuguese) near or at Forte Principe da Beira, Brazil. This putative species also occurs in rivers in Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Beni, and Pando Departments of the Bolivian Amazon basin and in the Madeira River of Brazil. It does not overlap with other Inia populations in several morphological characters including rostral length, and it has significant differences in the number of teeth (da Silva 1994). The boliviensis form is considered to have been reproductively isolated by a long series of rapids for an estimated 3.1 million years (Hollatz et al. 2011). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear introns have been interpreted as suggesting that these dolphins are on a separate evolutionary trajectory and therefore may deserve recognition as a phylogenetic species (Banguera-Hinestroza et al. 2002, Ruiz-García et al. 2008). However, Gravena et al. (2014a,b), with better sampling of the Madeira River system above and below the Teotônio Rapids (the proposed barrier to movement of individuals and gene flow), found that these rapids did not appear to obstruct gene flow from the upstream to the downstream population. Gravena et al. (2015) nevertheless concluded that Inia along the Madeira River possess the unique mtDNA of the putative species I. boliviensis (one line of evidence for recognizing species-level difference), and they argued that even if there is hybridization in the contact zone in the Madeira River, Inia below Teotônio remain distinct and follow an independent evolutionary path.

The nominal species Inia araguaiaensis was described from the Araguaia-Tocantins River basin (Hrbek et al. 2014), which is not connected to the Amazon River basin. Examination of tissue samples and osteological material from the Araguaia River and from Marajó Island revealed diagnostic molecular and morphological characters that justified separation of I. araguaiaensis from its proposed sister taxon (I. geoffrensis) from the Amazon Basin (Hrbek et al. 2014, Siciliano et al. 2016b). These dolphins are also known from the Guamá River. The Committee on Taxonomy (2017) reasoned that because Hrbek et al. (2014) only examined samples from two extremes of the distribution of Inia it was unclear if the molecular differences observed represented real species-level separation. In addition, the Committee concluded that diagnostic osteological differences were based on the examination of very few specimens (only two for the nominal species and nine for I. geoffrensis) and did not account for effects of the significant sexual dimorphism. A few more specimens were examined by Siciliano et al. (2016b) confirming the findings of Hrbek et al. (2014) and expanding the distributional limits of the taxon to 500km further north. Additional research is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of I. araguaiaensis, and dolphins in the Araguaia-Tocantins River basin are grouped with I. geoffrensis in the present assessment.

" 11047,Kogia breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,KOGIIDAE,Kogia,breviceps,,,,,"(Blainville, 1838)","

It was only in 1966 that the two species in the genus Kogia (K. breviceps and K. sima) were recognized as distinct (Handley 1966, Chivers et al. 2005). No subspecies have been described (Committee on Taxonomy 2018). The cryptic behavior and similar external morphology of the two species mean that records are often not displayed at the species level and are instead combined into Kogia spp.

" 11048,Kogia sima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,KOGIIDAE,Kogia,sima,,,,,"(Owen, 1866)","

This species was not widely recognized until 1966, therefore, in literature that predates this time it is often not clear which species of Kogia is intended. No subspecies of K. sima are currently recognized. However, based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing, it has been suggested that K. sima consists of two species: one in the Atlantic and the other in the Indo-Pacific (Chivers et al. 2005). Further evidence is required before this can be shown definitively (McAlpine 2018).

" 11140,Lagenodelphis hosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lagenodelphis,hosei,,,,,"Fraser, 1956",

Fraser’s Dolphin was described in 1956 and the external appearance of this species was not known until 1971 (Perrin et al. 1973).

11141,Lagenorhynchus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lagenorhynchus,acutus,,,,,"(Gray, 1828)","The Atlantic White-sided Dolphin is currently placed in the multi-species genus Lagenorhynchus (Cipriano 1997). However, molecular analyses have for some time suggested that it is not closely related to any of those other species, (LeDuc et al. 1999, Harlin-Cognato and Honeycutt 2006). A recent study by Vollmer et al. (2018) compiled the findings from studies of morphology, genetics, historical biogeography, and acoustics and suggested an extensive revision of the genus, with the Atlantic White-sided Dolphin proposed as a single species in its own genus: Leucopleurus acutus. It is likely that the scientific name of the species will be change formally in the near future." 11142,Lagenorhynchus albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lagenorhynchus,albirostris,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","

Genetic studies conducted in the 1990s suggested that White-beaked Dolphins are not closely related to any of the other dolphins currently assigned to the genus Lagenorhynchus. It was suggested that future work would lead to splitting, with the White-beaked Dolphin as the only member of the Lagenorhynchus clade (LeDuc et al. 1999, Harlin-Cognato and Honeycutt 2006). More recent molecular research (McGowen et al. 2011) supported this and suggested that the White-beaked Dolphin is in a monotypic genus Lagenorhynchus, which together with the Atlantic White-sided Dolphin (Leucopleurus acutus) forms a separate North Atlantic sub-family (Lagenorhynchinae). However, according to the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (2017), Lagenorhynchus is considered a polyphyletic taxon containing morphologically convergent species and there is continuing disagreement about how to sort and assign those species to different genera. Therefore, the Committee recommends retaining the current taxonomy and nomenclature until there is greater clarity. Morphological differences have been found between White-beaked Dolphins from the eastern and western Atlantic (Mikkelsen and Lund 1994).

" 11143,Lagenorhynchus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lagenorhynchus,australis,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)","The genus Lagenorhynchus is likely an artificial genus (LeDuc et al. 1999, Harlin-Cognato and Honeycut 2006). A revision of the taxonomy for this species has been proposed that will see it reassigned to the genus Sagmatias and renamed Sagmatias australis (Vollmer et al. 2018)." 11144,Lagenorhynchus cruciger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lagenorhynchus,cruciger,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",The genus Lagenorhynchus is in need of revision (LeDuc et al. 1999) and this species may end up being reassigned to the resurrected genus Sagmatias. 11145,Lagenorhynchus obliquidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lagenorhynchus,obliquidens,,,,,"Gill, 1865","

The genus Lagenorhynchus is polyphyletic and likely an artificial genus (LeDuc et al. 1999, Harlin-Cognato 2010), and this species is likely to be included eventually in the genus Sagmatias along with L. obliquidens (Pacific White-sided Dolphin) (Vollmer et al. 2018).

Four subspecies of Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) are currently recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (2018): African Dusky Dolphin L. o. obscurus off southern Africa, Fitzroy’s Dolphin L. o. fitzroyi off eastern South America, Peruvian/Chilean Dusky Dolphin L. o. posidonia off western South America, and the New Zealand Dusky Dolphin (un-named) off New Zealand (Perrin 2002). The populations centered in New Zealand, the west coast of South America, and southwestern Africa are genetically and morphologically distinct (Harlin-Cognato et al. 2007, Cassens et al. 2003, Würsig et al. 1997, Van Waerebeek 1993a,b). Dusky Dolphins also occur around some oceanic island groups (e.g., Tristan da Cunha, Prince Edward, Amsterdam, and St. Paul Islands). The subspecies affinities of these groups are uncertain.

" 12119,Lipotes vexillifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,LIPOTIDAE,Lipotes,vexillifer,,,,,"Miller, 1918","This species was listed in some previous IUCN Red Lists under the family Platanistidae. For approximately the last twenty years it has been accepted that the species in fact belongs to a distinct family: Lipotidae (Rice 1998, Committee on Taxonomy 2016)." 12125,Lissodelphis borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lissodelphis,borealis,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 12126,Lissodelphis peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lissodelphis,peronii,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1804)", 13006,Megaptera novaeangliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Megaptera,novaeangliae,,,,,"(Borowski, 1781)","The Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy recognizes three subspecies of Humpback Whale: the nominate subspecies M. n. novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781) refers to the North Atlantic Humpback Whale; M. n. australis (Lesson, 1828) is the Southern (Hemisphere) Humpback Whale; and M. n. kuzira (Gray, 1850) is the North Pacific Humpback Whale (Committee on Taxonomy 2017). This is based on the finding that Humpback Whales in the three ocean basins, although not separate clades, appear to be on diverging genetic trajectories (Jackson et al. 2014). The Arabian Sea contains a genetically isolated population of Humpback Whales (Pomilla et al. 2014), which is also assessed on the Red List separately as a subpopulation (Minton et al. 2008)." 13241,Mesoplodon bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,bidens,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1804)", 13242,Mesoplodon bowdoini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,bowdoini,,,,,"Andrews, 1908","Some researchers previously suggested that this species and Hubb’s Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi) may represent subspecies of the same species. However, genetic (Dalebout et al. 1998, 2004a) and morphological studies (Baker 2001) have supported the distinctness of the species." 13243,Mesoplodon carlhubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,carlhubbsi,,,,,"Moore, 1963","The type specimen, from California, was originally identified as M. bowdoini (Hubbs 1946), but Moore (1963) subsequently described it as a new species, M. carlhubbsi, based on morphology. Recent genetic studies have agreed with the morphological analysis (Dalebout et al. 1998, 2004)." 13244,Mesoplodon densirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,densirostris,,,,,"(Blainville, 1817)",Blainville’s Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) is one of 15 species of Mesoplodon with a worldwide range in tropical and warm-temperate waters. No subspecies are currently recognized. 13245,Mesoplodon europaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,europaeus,,,,,"(Gervais, 1855)", 13247,Mesoplodon grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,grayi,,,,,"Von Haast, 1876", 13248,Mesoplodon hectori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,hectori,,,,,"(Gray, 1871)",

Mitochondrial DNA evidence revealed that stranded specimens from the eastern North Pacific previously identified as M. hectori were a new species of Mesoplodon subsequently described as M. perrini (Dalebout et al. 2002).

13249,Mesoplodon layardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,layardii,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)","

Mesoplodon layardii was described from drawings of a skull made by Roland Trimen at the South African Museum, Cape Town at the request of E. L. Layard, keeper of the museum. Layard submitted the drawings and skull measurements to J. E. Gray at the British Museum of Natural History (Gray 1865). Gray (1874) also described Dolichodon traversii from the Chatham Islands as a new species. However, it was not accepted by other researchers and considered a synonym of M. layardii until Van Helden et al. (2002) showed that it had genetic and morphological differences distinct from M. layardii. The misidentified specimen from the Chatham Islands is now known to be a Spade-toothed Beaked Whale (M. traversii) (Van Helden et al. 2002).

" 13250,Mesoplodon mirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,mirus,,,,,"True, 1913","

Before 2021, this species was thought to occur in the North Atlantic and in warm-temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere, with a gap in its distribution in tropical waters; it was the only beaked whale species thought to have an anti-tropical distribution. The Southern Hemisphere population was recently described as a new species (Carroll et al. 2021), and M. mirus is now considered to be limited to the North Atlantic.

" 13251,Mesoplodon peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,peruvianus,,,,,"Reyes, Mead & Van Waerebeek, 1991","Mesoplodon peruvianus was first described in 1991 (Reyes et al. 1991) based on specimens from Peru. Prior to that, beginning in the late 1970s, there had been numerous sightings of a distinctively patterned, but unidentified, mesoplodont during regular cetacean surveys in the eastern tropical Pacific. These were originally referred to in the survey sighting records and earlier publications as “Mesoplodon sp. A” (Pitman et al. 1987), but after the description of M. peruvianus, it was suggested that M. sp. A was, in fact, M. peruvianus (Pitman and Lynn 2001). This contention was later confirmed by genetic analysis of a fresh-stranded Mesoplodon in western Mexico with the same diagnostic color pattern (Urbán et al. 2013)." 13252,Mesoplodon stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,stejnegeri,,,,,"True, 1885", 13704,Monodon monoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MONODONTIDAE,Monodon,monoceros,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","The Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) and the Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) are the only two species in the cetacean family Monodontidae (Rice 1998). While these are well-defined taxa, Heide-Jørgensen and Reeves (1993) described a skull from West Greenland of what apparently was a Narwhal-Beluga hybrid.

While Narwhals occur broadly in Arctic waters, their distribution, movements, and genetic characteristics suggest the existence of about 12 discrete or semi-discrete subpopulations or management stocks (Palsbøll et al. 1997, Richard 2010, NAMMCO in prep).
" 15421,Orcinus orca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Orcinus,orca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

This taxonomic unit is treated as a single species even though there is extensive and growing evidence that it is, in fact, a complex of multiple forms with morphological, genetic, ecological, and behavioural differences that merit subspecies if not also species designations. At the time of writing (June 2017), the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy (www.marinemammalscience.org/species-information/list-marine-mammal-species-subspecies), which is generally regarded as the authority for marine mammal taxonomy, recognized a single killer whale species, Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758), and two unnamed subspecies in the eastern North Pacific, the ENP resident killer whale (O. o. un-named subsp.) and the ENP transient killer whale (O. o. un-named subsp.) also known as Bigg’s killer whale. The Committee noted, however, “Other forms of killer whales in the North Pacific, North Atlantic and Antarctic [Southern] Ocean may warrant recognition as separate subspecies or even species, but the taxonomy has not yet been fully clarified or agreed (Morin et al. 2010; Foote et al. 2009, 2013).” One population (a “distinct population segment”) of the ENP resident subspecies (the “southern resident” population) was listed as Endangered under the Canadian Species at Risk Act in 2003 and the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2005.

" 16564,Peponocephala electra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Peponocephala,electra,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","No subspecies of the Melon-headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) are currently recognized (Committee on Taxonomy 2018). This species is morphologically similar to the Pygmy Killer Whale and the two species can be easily confused in the field.  Although they sometimes form resident populations around oceanic islands, Melon-headed Whales show low levels of genetic differentiation both within and between ocean basins, suggesting high levels of population connectivity (Martien et al. 2017)." 17027,Phocoena phocoena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHOCOENIDAE,Phocoena,phocoena,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Three subspecies of Harbor Porpoises are currently recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (2019). The Pacific Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena vomerina) occurs in the North Pacific, the Atlantic Harbor Porpoise (P. p. phocoena) has a distribution spanning the North Atlantic from North America to Europe and northwestern Africa, and the Black Sea Harbor Porpoise (P. p. relicta) occurs in the Black Sea (Viaud-Martinez et al. 2007).  In the eastern North Pacific hybrids between Harbor Porpoise and Dall’s Porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) occur fairly often (Willis et al. 2004, Jefferson et al. 2015). Harbor Porpoises around the Iberian peninsula and northwestern Africa are genetically distinct from those in the rest of the European Atlantic (Fontaine et al., 2010) and Fontaine et al. (2014) suggested they were a new subspecies, P. p. meridionalis. A distinct mitochondrial lineage has been found in one porpoise from West Greenland, which raises the possibility that another Atlantic subspecies exists (IMR/NAMMCO 2019). A recent workshop on the status of Harbor Porpoises in the North Atlantic recognised 18 different assessment units there (IMR/NAMMCO 2019).

" 17029,Phocoena spinipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHOCOENIDAE,Phocoena,spinipinnis,,,,,"Burmeister, 1865","

Rosa et al. (2005) found fixed differences in mtDNA of Burmeister's Porpoises between Peru and strata in Chile and Argentina. Results were consistent with levels of differentiation at a subspecies or greater level (Taylor et al. 2017) but the basis for a change in taxonomy has not been evaluated. The genetic data also supported differences, though of a lesser degree, between Chile and Argentina, which would be consistent with morphological differences between Burmeister’s Porpoises in the two ocean basins reported by Corcuera et al. (1995).

" 17032,Phocoenoides dalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHOCOENIDAE,Phocoenoides,dalli,,,,,"(True, 1885)","The Dall’s Porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) includes animals of two main color morphs: dalli-type and truei-type (Escorza Trevino and Dizon 2000), which are currently recognized by the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy as subspecies: Phocoenoides dalli dalli and P. d. truei (Rice 1998, Jefferson 2018; Committee on Taxonomy 2017)." 20729,Stenella attenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Stenella,attenuata,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","The genus Stenella is paraphyletic, and it is likely that the Delphininae will be restructured in the coming years (LeDuc et al. 1999, Perrin et al. 2013). Two subspecies are recognized: S. attenuata attenuata in oceanic tropical waters worldwide, and S. a. graffmani in the coastal waters of the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) (Jefferson et al. 2015, Perrin 2018)." 20730,Stenella clymene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Stenella,clymene,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","The Clymene Dolphin (Stenella clymene) is likely to have evolved through a case of hybrid speciation, involving widespread hybridization of Spinner (S. longirostris) and Striped (S. coeruleoalba) Dolphins (Amaral et al., 2014). Recent genetic work suggests that the genus Stenella is paraphyletic, and it is likely that taxonomy of the Delphinidae will be restructured in coming years (LeDuc et al. 1999, Perrin et al. 2013). This species might even move to a different genus. Coloration differences between the Clymene Dolphins in the eastern and western Atlantic Ocean suggest possible population structuring, although this remains unconfirmed (Weir et al. 2014)." 20731,Stenella coeruleoalba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Stenella,coeruleoalba,,,,,"(Meyen, 1833)","Recent genetic work suggests that the genus Stenella is paraphyletic, and it is likely that the Delphininae will be restructured in coming years (LeDuc et al. 1999, Perrin et al. 2013). Morphological and genetic studies strongly suggest that the Mediterranean and eastern North Atlantic Striped Dolphin populations are isolated from each other, with little or no gene flow across the Strait of Gibraltar (Calzada and Aguilar 1995, García-Martínez et al. 1995, Archer 1997, Gaspari 2004). No subspecies are recognized." 20732,Stenella frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Stenella,frontalis,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1829)","

Recent molecular work suggests that the genus Stenella is paraphyletic, and it is likely that the Delphininae (the subfamily to which the species currently belongs) will be restructured in coming years, at which point this species may be assigned to a different genus (LeDuc et al. 1999, Perrin et al. 2013). Some evidence suggests a close relationship with the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) (Jefferson et al. 2015). There is a large, heavy form of Atlantic Spotted Dolphin found along the coasts on both sides of the Atlantic (formerly called Stenella plagiodon along the U.S. coast), while a smaller form that is lightly spotted or unspotted as an adult occurs in the Gulf Stream and the central North Atlantic (Perrin et al. 1987, Herzing and Perrin 2018, Viallelle 1997).

 

" 21500,Tasmacetus shepherdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Tasmacetus,shepherdi,,,,,"Oliver, 1937", 23211,Ziphius cavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Ziphius,cavirostris,,,,,"G. Cuvier, 1823","

Cuvier’s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) is the only species in the monotypic genus Ziphius (Rice 1998, Dalebout et al. 2005). During the 19th century numerous specimens of Cuvier’s Beaked Whales were described as new species but none of them have been accepted as valid and a single species is recognized to occur throughout its range.

" 40635,Indopacetus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Indopacetus,pacificus,,,,,"(Longman, 1926)","

This species was originally included in the genus Mesoplodon (Longman 1926), but based on morphological features, Moore (1968) created the monotypic genus Indopacetus. There has been debate about the validity of this genus (e.g., Mead 1989, Rice 1998), and, although Dalebout et al. (2003) were unable to validate Indopacetus based on available genetic evidence, they recommended retention of the genus based on morphological features. Prior to descriptions of its field characteristics, sightings in tropical waters of what are now known to be this species were sometimes mistakenly attributed to the genus Hyperoodon (Pitman et al. 1999, Dalebout et al. 2003).

" 41711,Eubalaena japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENIDAE,Eubalaena,japonica,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1818)","The taxonomy follows the view of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) Scientific Committee (IWC 2004) and the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), which now recognize Right Whales in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Hemisphere as three distinct species in the genus Eubalaena, namely E. glacialis (North Atlantic Right Whale), E. japonica (North Pacific Right Whale), and E. australis (Southern Right Whale), based mainly on the mtDNA phylogenetic analyses of Rosenbaum et al. (2000).

In most of the scientific literature prior to 2000, including previous Red Lists (e.g., Baillie and Groombridge 1996), all Northern Hemisphere Right Whales were treated as the single species E. glacialis.

Rice (1998) classified Right Whales in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Southern Hemisphere as the single species Balaena glacialis, in the genus Balaena along with B. mysticetus, the Bowhead Whale. While not all cetologists accept that the three Right Whale taxa qualify as full biological species, their clear geographical separation ensures that their treatment as separate taxa for conservation purposes is appropriate." 41714,Tursiops aduncus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Tursiops,aduncus,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1833)","

The Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) has been recognized as a different species from the more widely distributed Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) since the late 1990’s (Rice, 1998). Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins are distinct from Common Bottlenose Dolphins based on concordance among genetic, osteology, coloration and external morphology data (Wang et al. 1999, 2000a,b). No Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin subspecies are currently recognised by the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (2018). However, a recent re-assessment of Tursiops taxonomy worldwide (IWC 2019) and extensive genetic studies (Moura et al. 2013, Amaral et al. 2016, Gray et al. 2018) identified 4 or 5 different lineages (Africa, Pakistan, Bay of Bengal, China and Australia), including the recently described ""T. australis"" (Charlton-Robb et al., 2011) that may eventually be recognized as a subspecies. There is considerable population structure throughout the range of the species and multiple studies of morphology (Hale et al., 2000, Kemper 2004, Charlton-Robb et al., 2011) and genetics (Natoli et al. 2004, Särnblad et al. 2011, Charlton-Robb et al. 2011, Amaral et al. 2016) indicate that the taxonomic status for a number of populations in different regions should be re-evaluated.

" 41715,Phocoena dioptrica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHOCOENIDAE,Phocoena,dioptrica,,,,,"(Lahille, 1912)","The Spectacled Porpoise was briefly considered to be in its own genus, Australophocaena, and was listed in the 1996-2002 Red Lists as Australophocaena dioptrica. However, due to more recent genetic and morphometric findings (Rosel et al. 1995, Perrin et al. 2000), it has again been assigned to the genus Phocoena (Committee on Taxonomy 2018)." 41754,Neophocaena asiaeorientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHOCOENIDAE,Neophocaena,asiaeorientalis,,,,,"(Pilleri & Gihr, 1972)","

The recognition of two externally distinct morphological forms of Finless Porpoises as separate biological species (Neophocaena phocaenoides and N. asiaeorientalis) was accepted when it was demonstrated that the two forms are reproductively isolated (and likely have been separated since the last glacial maximum) even though they are sympatric in a fairly large area of East Asia (Wang et al. 2008, Jefferson and Wang 2011). Differences in the external morphology of the dorsal aspect of the two species are distinguishable even amongst free-ranging animals (as opposed to animals in-hand for close inspection) (Wang et al. 2010) and intermediate individuals have never been reported even though several hundred to thousands of carcasses have been examined. The two species also clearly differ in craniometry (Amano et al. 1992, Jefferson 2002). Within the Narrow-ridged species, two subspecies are retained: the Yangtze Finless Porpoise, N. a. asiaeorientalis, and the East Asian Finless Porpoise or Sunameri, N. a. sunameri (Gao 1991, Wang 1992a,b; Gao and Zhou 1995). Where Narrow-ridged Finless Porpoises have been studied fairly well (e.g., Yoshida et al. 1995, 2001; Yoshida 2002, Jefferson 2002, Zheng et al. 2005, Yang et al. 2008, Chen et al. 2010, Xu et al. 2010, Li et al. 2011, Ju et al. 2012, L. Li et al. 2013, S. Li et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2014, Jia et al. 2014, Lin et al. 2014), there is evidence to suggest subpopulation structure.

" 41756,Platanista gangetica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PLATANISTIDAE,Platanista,gangetica,,,,,"(Lebeck, 1801)","

The Ganges River Dolphin, Platanista gangetica (Lebeck, 1801), is one of two recognized species in the family Platanistidae (Braulik et al. 2014a, 2021). From the late 1990s until 2021 the Ganges River Dolphin, and its sister species the Indus River Dolphin (Platanista minor Owen, 1853), were recognized and listed on the Red List as subspecies P.  g. gangetica and P. g. minor, respectively (Rice 1998, Society for Marine Mammalogy 2020).  In early 2021  evidence from a comparison of mtDNA control regions together with external and skeletal morphology was published, indicating that Indus and Ganges dolphins are substantially different and warrant a change in taxonomy to classify them as separate species (Braulik et al. 2014a, 2021).  This taxonomic change was approved by the cetacean taxonomic authority the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, in mid-2021 (Committee of Taxonomy 2021). Details on the taxonomic history of the two species are summarized in Braulik et al. (2021).

" 41757,Platanista minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PLATANISTIDAE,Platanista,minor,,,,,"Owen, 1853","

The Indus River Dolphin (Platanista minor Owen, 1853), is one of two recognized species in the family Platanistidae (Braulik et al. 2015a,  2021). From the late 1990s until 2021, the Indus River Dolphin and its sister species, the Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica (Lebeck, 1801)), were recognized and listed on the Red List as subspecies P. g. minor and P. g. gangetica, respectively (Rice 1998, Society for Marine Mammalogy 2021). In early 2021, evidence from a comparison of mtDNA control region sequences together with external and skeletal morphology was published, indicating substantial differences between Indus and Ganges dolphins that warranted a change in taxonomy to separate species (Braulik et al. 2015a, 2021). This change was approved by the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy, the generally recognized authority, in mid-2021 (Committee of Taxonomy 2021). Details on the taxonomic history of the two species are summarized in Braulik et al. (2021).

" 41759,Mesoplodon perrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,perrini,,,,,"Dalebout, Mead, Baker, Baker & van Helden, 2002","

Mesoplodon perrini was described in 2002, based on five animals that stranded on the coast of southern and central California from 1975 to 1997 (Dalebout et al. 2002, 2004). Four were initially identified as Hector's Beaked Whales (M. hectori), based on cranial and tooth morphology (Mead 1981, Mead and Baker 1987, Mead 1989), and the fifth was initially identified as a newborn Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris), based on external characters. Although externally similar to Hector’s Beaked Whale, the genetic evidence does not support a close evolutionary relationship between the two, but instead suggests that M. perrini has a possible sister-species relationship with the Pygmy Beaked Whale M. peruvianus (Dalebout et al. 2002, Dalebout et al. 2004).

" 41760,Mesoplodon traversii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,traversii,,,,,"(Gray, 1874)","In 1996, a new species of beaked whale was described as Mesoplodon bahamondi (Reyes et al. 1996). However, further study showed that it was the same as a previously-described beaked whale (M. traversii , Gray, 1874) that had long been erroneously considered a junior synonym of the Strap-toothed Beaked Whale (M. layardii). Using morphology and genetics, Van Helden et al. (2002) determined that M. traversii was a valid species and that M. bahamondi was its junior synonym." 190871,Sotalia fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Sotalia,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Gervais & Deville in Gervais, 1853)","

Until relatively recently the genus Sotalia was considered monotypic with two ecotypes, one riverine and one marine (da Silva and Best 1996). However, genetic (Cunha et al. 2005, Caballero et al. 2007) and morphological (Monteiro-Filho et al. 2002, Fettuccia et al. 2009) studies have shown that the two ecotypes are separate species: S. fluviatilis in the Amazon River basin and S. guianensis in marine and estuarine waters of eastern South and Central America (da Silva and Best 1996, da Silva et al. 2010).

The Sotalia dolphins recorded at Ciudad Bolívar, some 300 km upstream of the mouth of the Orinoco River, were confirmed by molecular genetics to be an isolated and probably independent population of S. guianensis occurring as far as 550 km upriver in the Orinoco (Caballero et al. 2017).

Although the taxonomic status of Sotalia dolphins in the southern freshwater portion of Maracaibo Lake (in Venezuela near the border with Colombia) is not yet fully established, there is no connection between Maracaibo Lake and the present-day known range of Sotalia fluviatilis. Maracaibo Lake has been isolated from the Amazon basin for the last 8-10 million years (Hoorn et al. 1995, Días de Gamero 1996 quoted in Cunha et al. 2010). Thus, the likelihood that Sotalia dolphins from Maracaibo Lake are of the same species that occurs in the Amazon basin is remote. The dolphins in Maracaibo Lake are included in the assessment of S. guianensis (Secchi et al. 2018).

" 198920,Neophocaena phocaenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHOCOENIDAE,Neophocaena,phocaenoides,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1829)","The recognition of two externally distinct morphological forms of Finless Porpoises as separate biological species, the Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) and the Narrow-ridged Finless Porpoise (N. asiaeorientalis), was accepted only recently when it was demonstrated that the two forms are reproductively isolated (and likely have been separated since the last glacial maximum) even though they occur sympatrically in a fairly large area of eastern Asia (Wang et al. 2008, Jefferson and Wang 2011). [Much of the literature published before ca 2010 refers to all Finless Porpoises (both species) as N. phocaenoides.] Differences in the external morphology of the dorsal aspect of the two species are distinguishable even amongst free-ranging animals (as opposed to only specimens in-hand) (Wang et al. 2010). Intermediates between the two main forms have never been reported even though several hundreds to thousands of carcasses have been examined. The two species also clearly differ in craniometry (Amano et al. 1992, Jefferson 2002).

There is evidence to suggest subpopulation structure within Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoises in some areas (Jefferson 2002, Yang et al. 2008, Chen et al. 2010, Xu et al. 2010, Li et al. 2011, Ju et al. 2012, L. Li et al. 2013, S. Li et al. 2013, Jia et al. 2014, Lin et al. 2014) and this may apply throughout much of the species’ distribution." 112169507,Cricetomys gambianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Cricetomys,gambianus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1840",Phylogenetic and craniometric results show that Cricetomys ansorgei is considered separate from C. gambianus (Olayemi et al. 2012). 111932681,Cryptomys hottentotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Cryptomys,hottentotus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)","Cryptomys hottentotus whytei, currently included here as a subspecies, may be a distinct species (Faulkes et al. 2004)." 110662669,Otomys irroratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,irroratus,,,,,"(Brants, 1827)","

Taylor et al. (2009) and Engelbrecht et al. (2011) used mitochondrial and ecological data to delineate between two cryptic species: Otomys irroratus (Western and Eastern Cape Provinces) and Otomys auratus (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal Northern Cape, and Mpumalanga Provinces), with a contact zone between the two species in the Eastern Cape around Alice. These species correspond to bioregions (O. irroratus pertaining to fynbos and thicket regions; O. auratus pertaining to high-lying grasslands) rather than karyotype; and thus no subspecies are recognised (Taylor 2013). Similarly, while O. tropicalis was formerly included in O. irroratus sensu lato, the two can be distinguished on morphological and molecular grounds (Taylor et al. 2011).

" 110660763,Myosorex cafer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,cafer,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1846)","

Meester et al. (1986) recognised the subspecies Myosorex cafer cafer and M. c. sclateri but biochemical and morphological data suggested a rise to full species status for both (Maddalena and Bronner 1992, Kearney 1993). Isolated populations in the highlands of Zimbabwe and Mozambique; and north-eastern Limpopo have been previously assigned to M. cafer (Friedmann and Daly 2004). Within the M. cafer complex, Willows-Munro (2008) and Taylor et al. (2013), using a combination of molecular and morphological characters, demonstrated considerable lineage diversification. Myosorex sclateri and M. cafer were split in 2008 (Willows-Munro 2008). The Zimbabwe and Mozambique population are considered a new species (M. meesteri) and the Limpopo lineage was tentatively assigned to M. tenius based on small cranial size. A detailed molecular and morphological analysis of the latter assignment is underway.

" 44990,Aethomys ineptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,ineptus,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1908)","Aethomys ineptus was split from A. chrysophilus based on chromosome number (A. intepus is 2n = 44 while A. chrysophilus is 2n = 50), sperm morphology and molecular data (Breed et al. 1988; Chimimba et al. 1998, 1999; Linzey et al. 2003; Russo et al. 2006). They cannot be separated by external or cranial features. However, the average separation between A. chrysophilus and A. ineptus based on mitochondrial DNA sequences is 2.70% (range = 1.69–3.78%), which is less genetic variation than within A. chrysophilus (Russo et al. 2006).

While the type locality for A. ineptus is Tete, along the Zambezi River in northern Mozambique, the species described as A. ineptus has yet to be positively reported north of the Limpopo River (see Linzey et al. 2003; Russo et al. 2006), and therefore is unlikely to occur further north in the Tete region of Mozambique. Hence, the name ineptus is probably a synonym of A. chrysophilus and the species will need a new name. Furthermore, although craniometrics analysis previously indicated A. ineptus extended north of the Limpopo River (see Chimimba et al. 1999; Chimimba 2001), more recent chromosomal and molecular work suggests that the species is restricted to south of the Limpopo River (Linzey et al. 2003; Russo et al. 2006), which means the species, based on available data, is near endemic or endemic to the assessment region (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 50020625,Clavularia carpediem,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ALCYONACEA,CORNULARIIDAE,Clavularia,carpediem,,,,,"Weinberg, 1986", 50020621,Clavularia crassa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ALCYONACEA,CORNULARIIDAE,Clavularia,crassa,,,,,"(Milne Edwards, 1848)", 50011071,Maasella edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ALCYONACEA,PARALCYONIIDAE,Maasella,edwardsi,,,,,"(de Lacaze-Duthiers, 1888)", 50012470,Paramuricea macrospina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ALCYONACEA,PLEXAURIDAE,Paramuricea,macrospina,,,,,"(Koch, 1882)","The species was firstly described as Muricea macrospina (Koch, 1882) and many times considered as a variety of the red gorgonian (Paramuricea clavata) or misidentified as Paramuricea placomus (Pax & Müller, 1962), but finally accepted as a different species (Carpine & Grasshoff, 1975).


" 8541,Felis margarita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Felis,margarita,,,,,"Loche, 1858","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group (2014). Placed in the genus Felis according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006, O'Brien and Johnson 2007). Four subspecies have been classically described: F. m. margarita in North Africa, F. m. harrisoni in Arabia, F. m. thinobia in Central Asia and F. m. scheffeli in Pakistan (Sliwa 2013, Banfield et al. 2014), but genetic analysis is needed to confirm subspecific partitioning, especially in light of possible large gaps in the species distribution." 9948,Herpailurus yagouaroundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Herpailurus,yagouaroundi,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.  Johnson et al. (2006) and Eizirik et al. (2008) placed yagouaroundi in the genus Puma. However, Agnarsson et al. (2010) noted that the Jaguarundi is not a sister species to the Puma. More recently Segura et al. (2013) looked at cranial development within the Puma clade and found that while this is similar in Cheetah and Puma, that of the Jaguarundi is quite different. Given these phylogenetic uncertainties, and these and other morphological and behavioural differences, the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group retains this species in Herpailurus." 54012637,Leopardus tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,tigrinus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group (2016). Genetic analyses found a level of divergence between L. tigrinus from Costa Rica (L. tigrinus oncilla) and from central (L. tigrinus tigrinus) and southern Brazil (L. guttulus) comparable to that between species in the Leopardus group, suggesting that these populations have been isolated, perhaps by the Amazon River, for approximately 3.7 million years. More analysis of geographic partitioning, with additional samples from other parts of the range, is needed to confirm whether this taxon should be further split into two species (Johnson et al. 1999, Eizirik et al. 2007, Trigo et al. 2013a).

There is also evidence of hybridization between L. tigrinus and L. colocolo (Johnson et al. 1999, Trigo et al. 2013a) in areas where their range overlaps." 11511,Leopardus wiedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,wiedii,,,,,"(Schinz, 1821)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. This species is genetically very diverse across its range and shows a high degree of population structure, with three distinct clusters: Central America and Mexico, northern South America and southern South America. The demarcation between northern and southern South America was identified as the Amazon river. In Central America, there were weaker differences between populations from the north (Mexico and Guatemala) and those from the south of this region (Eizirik et al. 1998)." 12521,Lynx rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Lynx,rufus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1777)",Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group (2014). Placed in Lynx according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006). 15310,Leopardus geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,geoffroyi,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.  Included in the genus Leopardus by Johnson et al. (2006). No genetic evidence of geographic subspecific partitioning was found in an analysis by Johnson et al. (1999). A zone of hybridization was found in southern Brazil where the northern extent of L. geoffroyi's range meets the southernmost extent of the range of the Oncilla, L. tigrinus (Eizirik et al. 2007)." 15311,Leopardus guigna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,guigna,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)",Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. Placed in the genus Leopardus by Johnson et al. (2006). 15452,Leopardus jacobita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,jacobita,,,,,"(Cornalia, 1865)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. Previously recognized as belonging to a monotypic genus Oreailurus (Cabrera 1940, Wozencraft 1993, Nowell and Jackson 1996, Yensen and Seymour 2000), the Andean Cat is included in the genus Leopardus. The genus Leopardus includes most small Neotropical felids, and speciation within it has been relatively recent compared to other felid lineages (Johnson et al. 2006). While there is strong support for inclusion of the Andean Cat in this genus based on genetic analysis, how closely it is related to the Pampas Cat L. colocolo remains unclear. The classification of the Andean Cat as Oreailurus was based in part, from very few specimens, on the relative size difference in the skull's auditory chambers, but this trait is also found in other felid species (Johnson et al. 1998, Garcia-Perea 2002). The specific name, jacobita, is in honour of Jacobita Mantagazza (Cornalia 1865) and should not be declined to jacobitus (Yensen and Seymour 2000) as is sometimes seen in the literature. This is one of only two felids for which no subspecies have been classically described (Nowell and Jackson 1996)." 18148,Prionailurus planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Prionailurus,planiceps,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.  One of only two felids lacking any classically described subspecies (Nowell and Jackson 1996). Placed in Prionailurus according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006, O'Brien and Johnson 2007)." 18149,Prionailurus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Prionailurus,rubiginosus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group (2014). Placed in Prionailurus according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006, O'Brien and Johnson 2007)." 18150,Prionailurus viverrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Prionailurus,viverrinus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1833)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. Placed in Prionailurus according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006, O'Brien and Johnson 2007). No modern analysis of subspecies available.

" 18306,Caracal aurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Caracal,aurata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. This species has traditionally either been included in the genus Felis (Kral and Zima 1980) or Profelis (Pocock 1917, Wozencraft 2005). More recent molecular data unequivocally reveal that the Caracal Caracal caracal and the Serval Leptailurus serval are closely allied with the African Golden Cat (Johnson et al. 2006)." 22732,Panthera uncia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Panthera,uncia,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)","Formerly this species was placed in the genus Uncia but it is now assigned to Panthera according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006). It is most closely related to the tiger Panthera tigris, having diverged over two million years ago (O'Brien and Johnson 2007). Two subspecies have been named based on minor morphological differences (Medvedev 2000) but have not been confirmed by genetic analysis." 3127,Bubalus mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bubalus,mindorensis,,,,,"Heude, 1888", 54959,Cochranella euhystrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,euhystrix,,,,,"(Cadle & McDiarmid, 1990)",Guayasamin et al. (2009) regarded this species as incertae sedis within Centroleninae. 16895615,Calliphona alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Calliphona,alluaudi,,,,,"Bolívar, 1893", 50107293,Bunodeopsis strumosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,BOLOCEROIDIDAE,Bunodeopsis,strumosa,,,,,"Andrès, 1881", 176356,Atractus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,modestus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 176777,Coniophanes dromiciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,dromiciformis,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 176860,Mastigodryas heathii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,heathii,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 178288,Polychrus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,POLYCHROTIDAE,Polychrus,peruvianus,,,,,"(Noble, 1924)", 178330,Epictia subcrotilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,subcrotilla,,,,,"(Klauber, 1939)", 178356,Phyllodactylus reissii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,reissii,,,,,"Peters, 1862", 178658,Euspondylus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,guentheri,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1881)", 50902942,Uraspis helvola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Uraspis,helvola,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","Differences between adults of Uraspis helvola and U. secunda are virtually impossible to distinguish. If subsequent studies indicated that these two nominal species are conspecific, the oldest available name is Uraspis helvola (Smith-Vaniz 1984)." 50922451,Incilius karenlipsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,karenlipsae,,,,,"Mendelson & Mulcahy, 2010",This species could be a synonym of Incilius coniferus (Panama Red List Assessment Workshop August 2019). 50922696,Incilius mccoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,mccoyi,,,,,"Santos-Barrera & Flores-Villela, 2011","This species was confused with Incilius occidentalis prior to naming, and has since been split off as a new species (Santos-Barrera and Flores-Villela 2011)." 50922818,Rhinella centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,centralis,,,,,"Narvaes & Rodrigues, 2009","This was formerly classified as Rhinella granulosa, but all specimens from Panama are now classified as Rhinella centralis (Narvaes and Rodrigues 2009)." 50922873,Craugastor evanesco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,evanesco,,,,,"Ryan, Savage, Lips & Giermakowski, 2010","This species belongs to the Craugastor rugulosus group and there may be more than one cryptic species occurring sympatrically with this species, further taxonomic molecular work should be conducted." 50924701,Ectopoglossus astralogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ectopoglossus,astralogaster,,,,,"(Myers, Ibáñez, Grant & Jaramillo, 2012)", 50924731,Ectopoglossus isthminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ectopoglossus,isthminus,,,,,"(Myers, Ibáñez, Grant & Jaramillo, 2012)", 50924948,Diasporus citrinobapheus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,citrinobapheus,,,,,"Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Köhler, 2012","García-Rodríguez et al. (2016) provided molecular, acoustic, and ecological evidence of the distinctiveness of this species from Diasporus tigrillo." 50924990,Diasporus igneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,igneus,,,,,"Batista, Ponce & Hertz, 2012", 50925075,Charadrahyla tecuani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,tecuani,,,,,"Campbell, Blancas-Hernández & Smith, 2009", 50925252,Ecnomiohyla sukia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,sukia,,,,,"Savage & Kubicki, 2010", 50925938,Pristimantis adnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,adnus,,,,,"Crawford, Ryan & Jaramillo, 2010", 50926031,Bolitoglossa aureogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,aureogularis,,,,,"Boza-Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García-Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños & Wake, 2012", 50926139,Bolitoglossa chinanteca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,chinanteca,,,,,"Rovito, Parra-Olea, Lee & Wake, 2012",Confused with Bolitoglossa rufescens prior to its naming (Rovito et al. 2012). 50927205,Bolitoglossa omniumsanctorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,omniumsanctorum,,,,,"(Stuart, 1952)","Removed from the synonymy of Bolitoglossa morio by Campbell et al. 2010, where it had been placed by Wake and Elias, 1983." 50927240,Bolitoglossa splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,splendida,,,,,"Boza-Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García-Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños & Wake, 2012", 50927352,Bolitoglossa zacapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,zacapensis,,,,,"Rovito, Vásquez-Almazán & Papenfuss, 2010", 50927460,Nototriton matama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,matama,,,,,"Boza-Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García-Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños & Wake, 2012","Taxonomic work is underway to clarify the validity of this species. Genetic analysis suggests that this taxon may be conspecific with Nototriton picadoi (B. Kubicki and E. Arias pers. comm. September 2019)." 50927833,Bolitoglossa morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,morio,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)",Bolitoglossa omniumsanctorum has been removed from synonymy with B. morio by Campbell et al. 2010. 50928774,Bolitoglossa rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,rufescens,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Bolitoglossa nympha (Campbell et al. 2010) and B. chinateca (Rovito et al. 2012). The records from Los Tuxtlas may represent another species (Rovito et al. 2012). 50930813,Incilius occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,occidentalis,,,,,"(Camerano, 1879)",This is a restricted concept of Incilius occidentalis following the split of the broader concept into this and I. mccoyi (Santos-Barrera and Flores-Villela 2011). Incilius intermedius has also been placed with synonymy with this species (Mendelson et al. 2016). 50950350,Anolis bitectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bitectus,,,,,"Cope, 1864","Anolis bitectus may be conspecific with populations presently known as Anolis lemniscatus and A. binotatus (in which case Anolis binotatus will be the oldest available name), and research is ongoing to clarify the status of these taxa (F. Ayala et al.in prep.)." 50950361,Anolis nigrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,nigrolineatus,,,,,"Williams, 1965","Poe et al. (2009) suggested that this lizard may be a junior synonym of Anolis festae, but took no formal taxonomic action. Miyata (2013), by implication, appeared to share this interpretation, but no supporting evidence was presented and no taxonomic action was proposed." 50950370,Anolis orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,orcesi,,,,,"(Lazell, 1969)", 50950385,Anolis otongae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,otongae,,,,,"Ayala-Varela & Velasco, 2010", 50950394,Anolis parilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,parilis,,,,,"Williams, 1975", 50950405,Anolis podocarpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,podocarpus,,,,,"Ayala-Varela & Velasco, 2010","A specimen from northern Peru resembling this species (P. Venegas, unpubl. data) is some way inside the country, and so appears to be isolated from the Ecuadorian localities, but due to differences between this specimen and the Ecuadorian form it is not clear that this is referrable to the same species." 50950414,Anolis soinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,soinii,,,,,"Poe & Yañez-Miranda, 2008", 50950423,Anolis vanzolini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,vanzolini,,,,,"(Williams, Orces, Matheus & Bleiweiss, 1996)", 50950436,Riama achlyens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,achlyens,,,,,"(Uzzell, 1958)", 50950447,Riama anatoloros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,anatoloros,,,,,"(Kirizian, 1996)", 50950460,Riama aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,aurea,,,,,"Sánchez-Pacheco, Aguirre-Penafiel & Torres-Carvajal, 2012", 50950469,Riama cashcaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,cashcaensis,,,,,"(Kirizian & Coloma, 1991)", 50950484,Riama colomaromani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,colomaromani,,,,,"(Kirizian, 1996)", 50950499,Riama crypta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,crypta,,,,,"Sánchez-Pacheco, Kirizian & Sales Nunes, 2011", 50950508,Riama kiziriani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,kiziriani,,,,,"Sánchez-Pacheco, Aguirre-Penafiel & Torres-Carvajal, 2012", 50950517,Riama labionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,labionis,,,,,"(Kirizian, 1996)", 50950530,Riama orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,orcesi,,,,,"(Kirizian, 1995)", 50950543,Riama raneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,raneyi,,,,,"(Kirizian, 1996)", 50950556,Riama rhodogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,rhodogaster,,,,,"Rivas, Schargel & Meik, 2005", 50950566,Riama unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,unicolor,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 50950579,Riama vespertina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,vespertina,,,,,"(Kirizian, 1996)", 50950592,Riama vieta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,vieta,,,,,"(Kirizian, 1996)", 50950605,Echinosaura keyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,keyi,,,,,"(Fritts & Smith, 1969)", 50950618,Stenocercus angulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,angulifer,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 50950631,Stenocercus cadlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,cadlei,,,,," Torres-Carvajal & Mafla-Endara, 2013", 50950640,Stenocercus carrioni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,carrioni,,,,,"Parker, 1934", 50950651,Stenocercus chota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,chota,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, 2000", 50950660,Stenocercus humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,humeralis,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 50950675,Stenocercus limitaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,limitaris,,,,,"Cadle, 1998", 50950684,Stenocercus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,ornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 50950699,Stenocercus puyango,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,puyango,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, 2005", 50950708,Stenocercus rhodomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,rhodomelas,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 50950723,Stenocercus simonsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,simonsii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 50950734,Stenocercus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,varius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 50950746,Stenocercus azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,azureus,,,,,"(Müller, 1880)", 50950758,Stenocercus caducus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,caducus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 50950770,Stenocercus doellojuradoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,doellojuradoi,,,,,"(Freiberg, 1944)", 50950794,Stenocercus pectinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,pectinatus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1835)", 50950814,Stenocercus roseiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,roseiventris,,,,,"D'Orbigny in Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 50950840,Stenocercus tricristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,tricristatus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)", 50950852,Stenocercus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,variabilis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 50950863,Mastigodryas moratoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,moratoi,,,,,"Montingelli & Zaher, 2011", 50951041,Atractus carrioni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,carrioni,,,,,"Parker, 1930", 50951052,Atractus duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,duboisi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1880)", 50951065,Atractus dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,dunni,,,,,"Savage, 1955", 50951080,Atractus ecuadorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,ecuadorensis,,,,,"Savage, 1955", 50951092,Atractus gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,gaigeae,,,,,"Savage, 1955", 50951112,Atractus microrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,microrhynchus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 50951125,Atractus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,occidentalis,,,,,"Savage, 1955", 50951138,Atractus paucidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,paucidens,,,,,"Despax, 1910", 50951149,Atractus resplendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,resplendens,,,,,"Werner, 1901", 50951272,Dipsas andiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,andiana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 50951285,Dipsas elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,elegans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)","This species was previously a member of the Dipsas oreas complex, from which it was elevated by Cadle (2005)." 50951300,Dipsas oreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,oreas,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 50951315,Dipsas vermiculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,vermiculata,,,,,"Peters, 1960", 50951347,Dipsas bucephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,bucephala,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","Dipsas bucephala and D. cisticeps form a probable species complex whose taxonomy is unresolved. Cacciali et al. (2016) agree with Harvey and Embert (2008) that these taxa are specifically distinct from Dipsas indica, but note that these authors only examined specimens of the Bolivian subspecies which these authors recognize as Dipsas cisticeps ""until further evidence proves us wrong"". In light of the lack of a formal recent treatment to clarify the status of D. cisticeps, and the likelihood that further cryptic species exist within D. bucephala as presently understood (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2020), this assessment follows the treatment adopted by Harvey and Embert (2008) and followed most recently by Nogueira et al. (2019), who treat D. cisticeps as a subspecies of D. bucephala." 50951374,Dipsas copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,copei,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","Passos et al. (2004) synonymized D. copei with Leptognathus incertus, but this was rejected by Harvey (2008). Rivas et al. (2012) also recognized D. copei." 50951404,Dipsas pakaraima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,pakaraima,,,,,"MacCulloch & Lathrop, 2004", 50951426,Dipsas variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,variegata,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Cadle and Myers (2003) revised the systematics of this species and referred records from Panama, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru to other species (Harvey and Embert 2008 subsequently confirmed its occurrence in the latter country and Bolivia). In a revision of Bolivian Dipsas, Harvey and Embert (2008) includes D. neivai as a junior synonym of D. variegata on the basis that specimens of D. neivai cannot ""confidently"" be distinguished from D. variegata and this arrangement is followed here. Wallach et al. (2014) recognize Dipsas neivai as a distinct species, but provide no justification. Research is recommended to clarify the taxonomic status of D. neivai, as Harvey and Embert (2008) did not examine the types of either taxon." 50951446,Emmochliophis fugleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Emmochliophis,fugleri,,,,,"Fritts & Smith, 1969", 50951457,Emmochliophis miops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Emmochliophis,miops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 50951547,Erythrolamprus subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,subocularis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 50951560,Erythrolamprus andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,andinus,,,,,"(Dixon, 1983)", 50951630,Eutrachelophis steinbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Eutrachelophis,steinbachi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 50951677,Atractus balzani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,balzani,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 50951694,Atractus boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,boettgeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 50951705,Atractus emmeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,emmeli,,,,,"(Boettger, 1888)", 50951770,Micrurus diana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,diana,,,,,"Roze, 1983", 50951816,Micrurus mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,mertensi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936", 50951854,Micrurus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,peruvianus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936",Micrurus mertensi and M. catamayensis may be synonyms (J. Valencia pers. comm. 2014). Micrurus peruvianus may also be part of this clade. 50951888,Micrurus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,steindachneri,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 50951949,Micrurus tschudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,tschudii,,,,,"Jan, 1858", 50952011,Micrurus serranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,serranus,,,,,"Harvey, Aparicio & Gonzalez, 2003", 50952108,Tropidophis battersbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,battersbyi,,,,,"Laurent, 1949", 50952126,Tropidophis taczanowskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,taczanowskyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)", 50952238,Bothrops osbornei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,osbornei,,,,,"Freire-Lascano, 1991", 50952274,Bothrops sanctaecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,sanctaecrucis,,,,,"Hoge, 1966", 50952309,Porthidium arcosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,arcosae,,,,,"Schätti & Kramer, 1993", 174098,Erythrolamprus melanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,melanotus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","This species has three subspecies:
E. melanotus melanotus (Shaw, 1802)
E. melanotus lamari (Dixon & Michaud, 1992)
E. melanotus nesos (Dixon & Michaud, 1992)." 176836,Erythrolamprus janaleeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,janaleeae,,,,,"(Dixon, 2000)", 174099,Erythrolamprus problematicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,problematicus,,,,,"(Myers, 1986)", 50955421,Erythrolamprus albertguentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,albertguentheri,,,,,"Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012", 50955546,Erythrolamprus almadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,almadensis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)",Erythrolamprus almadensis is a species complex (Dixon 1991). 50955935,Erythrolamprus dorsocorallinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,dorsocorallinus,,,,,"(Esqueda, Natera, La Marca & Ilija-Fistar, 2007)","Ascenso et al. (2019) supported the recognition of Erythrolamprus dorsocorallinus as distinct from E. reginae, although Wallach et al. (2014) suggested that these taxa may be conspecific." 50955967,Erythrolamprus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,frenatus,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)", 50956167,Erythrolamprus juliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,juliae,,,,,"(Cope, 1879)", 50956250,Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,poecilogyrus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1825)",This is a species complex (Dixon and Markezich 1992). 50956296,Erythrolamprus trebbaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,trebbaui,,,,,"(Roze, 1958)", 50956334,Amphisbaena cegei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,cegei,,,,,"Montero, Sáfadez & Álvarez, 1997", 50956343,Amphisbaena silvestrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,silvestrii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 50956354,Amphisbaena slateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,slateri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907", 50956365,Amphisbaena steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,steindachneri,,,,,"Strauch, 1881", 50956374,Amphisbaena vermicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,vermicularis,,,,,"Wagler, 1824", 50956385,Diploglossus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 50956400,Anolis scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,scapularis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908","The species may be a synonym of Anolis fuscoauratus, and further taxonomic work is needed (Poe and Yañez-Miranda 2008)." 50956409,Philodryas georgeboulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,georgeboulengeri,,,,,"Grazziotin, Zaher, Murphy, Scrocchi, Benavides, Zhang & Bonatto, 2012", 50956425,Epictia undecimstriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,undecimstriata,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)", 50956442,Epictia albipuncta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,albipuncta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1861)", 50956456,Epictia australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,australis,,,,,"(Freiberg & Orejas-Miranda, 1968)", 50956507,Epictia striatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,striatula,,,,,"(Smith & Laufe, 1945)", 50956519,Epictia albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,albifrons,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)","Wallach (2016) summarized the controversial history of the names Epictia albifrons and E. tenella, which he divided into three schools of thought. In two of these the two taxa are synonymous, but there is disagreement over whether the correct name is albifrons or whether this name should be considered a nomen dubium and the correct name is therefore tenella. The third scheme proposes that the two taxa are validly distinct. Wallach (2016) rejected the neotype designation - based on a damaged specimen - by Natera-Munaw et al. (2015) and proposed a different neotype, further confusing the situation.

Pinto et al. (2018) investigated this issue in detail. This work found both that the name E. albifrons was applied incorrectly by Wallach (2016) due to confusion surrounding this species' diagnostic characters, and that this author's action in rejecting the earlier neotype designation violated International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature rules. Pinto et al. (2018) concluded that the names E. albifrons and E. tenella refer to the same taxon and that the name albifrons should have priority. The species recognized as E. albifrons by Wallach (2016) has not been identified, and is thought to be an undescribed species of unclear provenance by Pinto et al. (2018)." 50956535,Epictia vellardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,vellardi,,,,,"(Laurent, 1984)", 50956547,Liolaemus aparicioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,aparicioi,,,,,"Ocampo, Aguilar-Kirigin & Quinteros, 2012", 50956556,Liolaemus fittkaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,fittkaui,,,,,"Laurent, 1986","A series of five specimens assigned to this species from Pusuq'huni, Arque Province (Tarifa et al. 2007) are instead referable to Liolaemus variegatus (two specimens) and an indeterminate species tentatively assigned to the Liolaemus montanus group (Jiménez-Robles et al. 2016)" 50956565,Liolaemus forsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,forsteri,,,,,"Laurent, 1982", 50956576,Liolaemus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,variegatus,,,,,"Laurent, 1984","Southern populations presently assigned to this species appear to resemble Liolaemus bitaeniatus and may be referrable to the latter species (R. Langstroth pers. comm. 2016). If so, L. variegatus would be restricted to higher elevations in the vicinity of the type locality, with L. bitaeniatus replacing it in warmer inter-Andean valleys." 50956587,Bothrocophias andianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrocophias,andianus,,,,,"(Amaral, 1923)", 50956889,Bothrops caribbaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,caribbaeus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)","Historical records of this species include those under the name Bothrops lanceolatus or varied names from mainland Bothrops species, of which caribbaeus was previously treated as a subspecies." 50957018,Bothrops lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1790)", 50957162,Bothrops moojeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,moojeni,,,,,"Hoge, 1966", 178408,Contomastix vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Contomastix,vittata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",This species may be synonymous with Contomastix leachei (R. Langstroth pers. comm. 2016). 47151835,Leptobrachium xanthops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,xanthops,,,,,"Stuart, Phimmachak, Seateun & Sivongxay, 2012", 137728,Onthophagus panici,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,panici,,,,,"Petrovitz, 1964", 137870,Ateuchetus laticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchetus,laticollis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1767", 50989067,Proctoporus carabaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,carabaya,,,,,"Goicoechea, Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & de la Riva, 2013", 50989077,Proctoporus iridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,iridescens,,,,,"Goicoechea, Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & de la Riva, 2013", 50989107,Proctoporus lacertus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,lacertus,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1913)", 137997,Onitis ezechias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onitis,ezechias,,,,,"Reiche, 1856", 51061050,Oedipina chortiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,chortiorum,,,,,"Brodie, Acevedo & Campbell, 2012","

Brodie et al. (2012) described this species from a locality in the Guatemalan portion of Cerro Montecristo. A series of morphologically similar salamanders is available from the Honduran side of Cerro Montecristo. DNA data from one of those Honduran specimens was reported on by García-París and Wake (2000; as Oedipina sp. B). McCranie (2006) and McCranie and Castañeda (2007) had identified those salamanders as O. ignea. There is no reason to expect that the Honduran Cerro Montecristo species is not conspecific with those on the Guatemalan side of that same mountain range (although the Guatemalan locality for this species is in open pine forest [see Brodie et al. 2012, 238] and the Honduran locality assigned to O. chortiorum were found in Mesic broadleaf forest.

" 51061078,Oedipina koehleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,koehleri,,,,,"Sunyer, Townsend, Wake, Travers, Gonzalez, Obando & Quintana, 2011",Confused with Oedipina pseudouniformis prior to its discovery according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 51061221,Oedipina pseudouniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,pseudouniformis,,,,,"Brame, 1968",This is a restricted concept of Oedipina pseudouniformis following the split of the broader concept into this and Oedipina koehleri (Sunyer et al. 2011). 51061226,Oedipina motaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,motaguae,,,,,"Brodie, Acevedo & Campbell, 2012",Previously confused with Oedipina taylori according to the original publication (Brodie et al. 2012). 51061256,Oedipina nimaso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,nimaso,,,,,"Boza-Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García-Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños & Wake, 2012", 51090161,Enyalioides azulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,azulae,,,,,"Venegas, Torres-Carvajal, Duran & de Queiroz, 2013", 15188,Okapia johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,GIRAFFIDAE,Okapia,johnstoni,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1901)", 51147304,Oedipina salvadorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,salvadorensis,,,,,"Rand, 1952","This species has been removed from synonymy of Oedipina taylori by Brodie et al. (2012). Records from the northern zone of the departments of Santa Ana and Morazán (Joateca, Perquín, Arambala) bordering Guatemala and Honduras are suspected to belong to different species such as Oedipina ignea and O. chortiorum; however, it is necessary to carry out taxonomic studies to corroborate this (E. Morán pers. comm. June 2019)." 57620,Scutiger pingwuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,pingwuensis,,,,,"Liu & Tian, 1978","Diagnosis: This species is closely related to Scutiger chintingensis (Liu et Hu), but differs from the latter by 1) upper jaw toothless, and 2) very rough skin with black spines as much as scuttered over the whole body." 51178933,Ameiva aggerecusans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,aggerecusans,,,,,"Koch, Venegas, Rödder, Flecks & Böhme, 2013", 51160895,Ameiva nodam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,nodam,,,,,"Koch, Venegas, Rödder, Flecks & Böhme, 2013", 50160898,Cladopsammia rolandi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Cladopsammia,rolandi,,,,,"Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897", 50107605,Actinia cari,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,ACTINIIDAE,Actinia,cari,,,,,"Delle Chiaje, 1822","Some biologist in the past have seen the species as a variety form of A. equine (Pax, 1907) but today it is seen as a separate species by most workers." 50113365,Cribrinopsis crassa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,ACTINIIDAE,Cribrinopsis,crassa,,,,,"(Andrès, 1881)", 50148677,Paranemonia cinerea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,ACTINIIDAE,Paranemonia,cinerea,,,,,"(Contarini, 1844)", 50148695,Paranemonia vouliagmeniensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,ACTINIIDAE,Paranemonia,vouliagmeniensis,,,,,"Doumenc, England & Chintiroglou, 1987","This species could be considered as a species of the Genus Actinia by some authors (Verena Haussermann, 2003)." 50148787,Segonzactis hartogi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,CONDYLANTHIDAE,Segonzactis,hartogi,,,,,"Dimitris & Chariton, 2002", 50148930,Phymanthus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,PHYMANTHIDAE,Phymanthus,pulcher,,,,,"(Andrès, 1883)", 50016125,Crassophyllum thessalonicae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,PENNATULACEA,PENNATULIDAE,Crassophyllum,thessalonicae,,,,,"Vafidis & Koukouras, 1991", 51221900,Marmosops pakaraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,pakaraimae,,,,,"Voss, Lim, Díaz-Nieto & Jansa, 2013","The new species, M. pakaraimae, is one of only seven mammals known to be endemic to Pantepui, and phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome-b sequence data indicate that its sister taxon is M. parvidens, a geographically adjacent lowland species (Voss et al. 2013)." 14888655,Thylamys pallidior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,pallidior,,,,,"(O. Thomas, 1902)","Thylamys pallidior consists of a single species with a broad distribution throughout the Arid Diagonal of southern South America (Bruniard 1982). Despite its extended distribution, morphologic and morphometric studies show no differentiation (Martin 2008). Molecular analyses (Braun et al. 2005, Giarla et al. 2010) show a separation between a northern and southern clade. The species Thylamys fenestrae has been recently split from this species based on morphological, morphometric and chromosomal differences with T. pallidior." 135987,Amolops panhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,panhai,,,,,"Matsui & Nabhitabhata, 2006", 178034,Bothrops oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,oligolepis,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 178615,Stenocercus prionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,prionotus,,,,,"Cadle, 2001", 54474,Ansonia malayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,malayana,,,,,"Inger, 1960","This taxon is likely to be a complex of more than one species, and further comparisons of specimens from Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia are required. The northernmost opulations of Peninsular Thailand are provisionally attributed to Ansonia malayana (see Inger, 1960), though they might in fact belong to A. siamensis (L. Grismer pers. comm.)." 194904,Syngnathus tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,tenuirostris,,,,,"Rathke, 1837", 51342998,Monodelphis peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,peruviana,,,,,"(Osgood, 1913)","The species was recently recognized as a valid taxon based on cytochrome-b, and morphological comparisons with other sympatric and/or co-generic species (e.g., Monondelphis adusta, M. handleyi, M. ronaldi) (Solari 2004, Solari 2007). Previously, it was considered as a subspecies of M. adusta (Solari 2004, Pine and Handley 2008)." 50853886,Chromis bermudae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Chromis,bermudae,,,,,"Nichols, 1920",Previously this species was considered a synonym of Chromis flavicauda (Smith-Vaniz and Collette 2013). 57728,Glyphoglossus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Calluella. Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Glyphoglossus Gunther, 1869 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Gylyphoglossus." 174177,Carcharodus tripolinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Carcharodus,tripolinus,,,,,"(Verity, 1925)", 174266,Cupido lorquinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cupido,lorquinii,,,,,"(Herrich-Schäffer, 1850)", 174415,Chazara prieuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Chazara,prieuri,,,,,"(Pierret, 1837)", 173298,Plebejus bellieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Plebejus,bellieri,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1910)", 39489,Kretania hesperica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Kretania,hesperica,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)","The specific status of the species is considered doubtful, it may be a subspecies of P. pylaon." 173274,Kretania psylorita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Kretania,psylorita,,,,,"(Freyer, 1845)", 701,Agriades zullichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Agriades,zullichi,,,,,"(Hemming, 1933)", 173267,Lysandra caelestissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lysandra,caelestissima,,,,,"(Verity, 1921)",The taxon was first described as Agriades coridon race caelestissima by Verity (1921). 173239,Polyommatus dolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,dolus,,,,,"(Hübner, 1823)",Some authors consider this species should be split in P. dolus (France and NW Italy) and P. virgilia (Central Italy). For this Red List we follow Vila et al. (2010). 195329,Polyommatus iphicarmon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,iphicarmon,,,,,"Eckweiler & Rose, 1993", 195330,Polyommatus lycius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,lycius,,,,,"(Carbonell, 1996)", 174239,Turanana taygetica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Turanana,taygetica,,,,,"(Rebel, 1902)",Due to the recent split of T. taygetica and T. endymion the knowledge on the distribution of each species is limited to the specimens which have so far been examined (Coutsis 2005). 173287,Hipparchia cretica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,cretica,,,,,"(Rebel, 1916)", 173279,Hipparchia cypriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,cypriensis,,,,,"Holik, 1949", 174465,Lysandra albicans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lysandra,albicans,,,,,"(Gerhard, 1851)", 174466,Hipparchia mersina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,mersina,,,,,"Staudinger, 1871", 173292,Maniola cypricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Maniola,cypricola,,,,,"(Graves, 1928)", 174397,Maniola megala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Maniola,megala,,,,,"Oberthür, 1909", 174201,Melitaea aetherie,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melitaea,aetherie,,,,,"(Hübner, 1826)", 174183,Leptidea reali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Leptidea,reali,,,,,"Reissinger, 1989","Real´s Wood White has recently been separated from the Wood White (L. sinapis). However, in the field the species cannot be distinguished from each other." 176344,Apostolepis multicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,multicincta,,,,,"Harvey, 1999", 176345,Apostolepis phillipsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,phillipsae,,,,,"Harvey, 1999", 176789,Dipsas chaparensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,chaparensis,,,,,"Reynolds & Foster, 1992", 53753301,Chriolepis bilix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chriolepis,bilix,,,,,"Hastings & Findley, 2013", 53789650,Vipera graeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,graeca,,,,,"Nilson & Andrén, 1988","The Vipera ursinii species complex has a large distribution area from Eastern France to Western China, which was shaped by the last three glacial periods (Ferchaud et al. 2012). In the last two decades some V. ursinii subspecies have been elevated to distinct species level based on molecular and morphological analyses (V. renardi, V. anatolica, and V. eriwanensis). The Greek Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii graeca) was described as a subspecies of Vipera ursinii by Nilson and Andrén (1988) based on morphological analyses. Ferchaud et al. (2012) proposed that V. u. graeca should be elevated to species, according to the results of mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic analyses. Based on a mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses Mizsei et al. (2017) provided further support for this arrangement in an analysis of combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, recognizing it as a full species Vipera graeca in order to resolve polyphyly in the Vipera ursinii–renardi complex." 16895619,Calliphona gomerensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Calliphona,gomerensis,,,,,"Pfau & Pfau, 2007", 53798786,Stenocercus arndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,arndti,,,,,"Venegas, Echevarria & Alvarez, 2014", 53799460,Gerrhosaurus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,intermedius,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1907","A molecular phylogeny indicated that Gerrhosaurus nigrolineatus was restricted to Gabon and the lower Congo region in west-Central Africa, while most other populations currently identified under this name were referable to G. intermedius. Gerrhosaurus intermedius and G. flavigularis occur in close proximity and have been confused in the past because the two species are often similar in colour pattern. However, they differ with regard to size (G. intermedius grows to 183 mm SVL versus 142 mm SVL in G. flavigularis) and scalation (e.g. in G. intermedius scales under the feet are keeled and spinose and there are usually four supraciliaries; in G. flavigularis scales under feet are smooth and tubercular and there are usually five supraciliaries) (FitzSimons 1935, Jacobsen 1989, Branch 1998). Gerrhosaurus intermedius is also a more robust species with a relatively larger head. Nevertheless, Jacobsen (1989) noted that morphologically flavigularis-like specimens with intermedius-like colour patterns and blue throats occur in the northeast of Limpopo and southwest of North-West Province, and require further investigation. A morphological and genetic revision of the G. nigrolineatus species complex (G. nigrolineatus, G. intermedius, G. auritus, G. bulsi and G. multilineatus) is needed." 49829495,Cyphocharax derhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,derhami,,,,,"Vari & Chang, 2006", 49829508,Apistogramma panduro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,panduro,,,,,"Römer, 1997", 49829510,Microgenys lativirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Microgenys,lativirgata,,,,,"Pearson, 1927", 49829511,Acestrocephalus boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acestrocephalus,boehlkei,,,,,"Menezes, 1977", 49829513,Characidium heinianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,heinianum,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2001", 49829515,Otocinclus cocama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,cocama,,,,,"Reis, 2004", 49829519,Hyphessobrycon loretoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,loretoensis,,,,,"Ladiges, 1938","This is a valid species, similar to H. margitae and H. peruvianus (see Géry 1961, Zarske 2016), and included in the Hyphessobrycon agulha species-group (see Faria et al. 2020)." 49829522,Moema peruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,peruensis,,,,,"(Myers, 1954)", 49829529,Crossoloricaria rhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Crossoloricaria,rhami,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1983", 49829543,Moenkhausia ovalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,ovalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 49829547,Ancistrus sericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,sericeus,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)", 49829554,Ancistrus greeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,greeni,,,,,"(Isbrücker, 2001)", 49829556,Otocinclus macrospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,macrospilus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942", 49829563,Pimelodella ophthalmica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,ophthalmica,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)", 49829571,Hypostomus fonchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,fonchii,,,,,"Weber & Montoya-Burgos, 2002", 49829572,Attonitus ephimeros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Attonitus,ephimeros,,,,,"Vari & Ortega, 2000", 49829574,Crossoloricaria bahuaja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Crossoloricaria,bahuaja,,,,,"Chang & Castro, 1999", 49829580,Apistogramma pantalone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,pantalone,,,,,"Romer, Romer, Soares & Hahn, 2006", 49829582,Piabucus caudomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Piabucus,caudomaculatus,,,,,"Vari, 1977", 49829590,Astroblepus supramollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,supramollis,,,,,"Pearson, 1937", 49829591,Bujurquina eurhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,eurhinus,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49829592,Moema ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,ortegai,,,,,"Costa, 2004", 49829595,Trigonectes rogoaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Trigonectes,rogoaguae,,,,,"(Pearson & Myers, 1924)", 49829608,Ceratobranchia obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Ceratobranchia,obtusirostris,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914", 49829620,Astyanax multidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,multidens,,,,,"(Pearson, 1924)", 49829629,Liosomadoras morrowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Liosomadoras,morrowi,,,,,"Fowler, 1940",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829633,Bujurquina labiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,labiosa,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49829635,Corydoras geryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,geryi,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrüker, 1983",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829637,Ancistrus marcapatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,marcapatae,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49829656,Crenicichla anthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,anthurus,,,,,"Cope, 1872", 49829662,Trichomycterus taenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,taenia,,,,,"Kner, 1863", 49829664,Ancistrus occloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,occloi,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928", 49829665,Moema rubrocaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,rubrocaudata,,,,,"(Seegers, 1984)", 49829666,Anablepsoides ophiomimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,ophiomimus,,,,,"(Huber, 1992)", 49829671,Cyphocharax pantostictos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,pantostictos,,,,,"Vari & Barriga, S., 1990",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

49829673,Bujurquina ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,ortegai,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49829676,Corydoras paragua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,paragua,,,,,"Knaack, 2004", 49829678,Corydoras ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,ortegai,,,,,"Britto, Lima & Hidalgo, 2007", 49829682,Corydoras napoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,napoensis,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1986", 49829689,Moema obliqua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,obliqua,,,,,"(Costa, Sarmiento & Barrera, 1996)", 49829702,Bryconacidnus ellisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconacidnus,ellisi,,,,,"(Pearson, 1924)", 49829707,Bujurquina robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,robusta,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49829708,Brachychalcinus nummus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Brachychalcinus,nummus,,,,,"Böhlke, 1958",This is a valid species according to the last revision of the genus (Reis 1989). 49829710,Ancistrus malacops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,malacops,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)", 49829716,Astroblepus stuebeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,stuebeli,,,,,"(Wandolleck, 1916)", 49829718,Corydoras zygatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,zygatus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829720,Bujurquina apoparuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,apoparuana,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49829726,Astroblepus fissidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,fissidens,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49829728,Astroblepus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,formosus,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 49829757,Ancistrus variolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,variolus,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)",It is often difficult to correctly identify this species from other members of Ancistrus. 49829758,Bryconamericus pectinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,pectinatus,,,,,"Vari & Siebert, 1990", 49829761,Chasmocranus peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,peruanus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Pearson, 1942", 49829766,Anablepsoides intermittens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,intermittens,,,,,"(Fels & de Rham, 1981)", 49829775,Chrysobrycon hesperus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Chrysobrycon,hesperus,,,,,"(Böhlke, 1958)", 49829780,Bryconamericus phoenicopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,phoenicopterus,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)", 49829784,Trachelyichthys exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyichthys,exilis,,,,,"Greenfield & Glodek, 1977","Trachelyichthys decaradiatus and T. exilis are morphologically similar and the difference between them is in the body proportions and is not clear. There is a suspicion that the two species are synonymous, however the morphotype found in Brazil is being considered T. exilis" 49829785,Apistogramma linkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,linkei,,,,,"Koslowski,1985", 49829786,Rhadinoloricaria macromystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rhadinoloricaria,macromystax,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 49829788,Pimelodella cyanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,cyanostigma,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 49829789,Ceratobranchia delotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Ceratobranchia,delotaenia,,,,,"Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1990", 49829790,Chaetostoma mollinasum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,mollinasum,,,,,"Pearson, 1937", 49829793,Anablepsoides elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,elongatus,,,,,"(Fels & de Rham, 1981)", 49829794,Rhamdia xetequepeque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,xetequepeque,,,,,"Silfvergrip, 1996", 49829798,Bryconamericus diaphanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,diaphanus,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)", 49829800,Corydoras lamberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,lamberti,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1986", 49829802,Apistogramma cruzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,cruzi,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49829805,Hypostomus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,bolivianus,,,,,"(Pearson, 1924)", 49829811,Hemigrammus megaceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,megaceps,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 49829812,Hyphessobrycon frankei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,frankei,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 1997", 49829820,Brycon coxeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,coxeyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 49829824,Heroina isonycterina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Heroina,isonycterina,,,,,"Kullander, 1996", 49829826,Tyttobrycon dorsimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tyttobrycon,dorsimaculatus,,,,,"Géry, 1973", 49829827,Chasmocranus quadrizonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,quadrizonatus,,,,,"Pearson, 1937", 49829833,Corydoras pantanalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,pantanalensis,,,,,"Knaack, 2001",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829834,Pyrrhulina eleanorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,eleanorae,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 49829860,Trichomycterus fassli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,fassli,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)", 49829861,Ancistrus jelskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,jelskii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 49829862,Orestias empyraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,empyraeus,,,,,"Allen, 1942", 49829864,Lepthoplosternum altamazonicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Lepthoplosternum,altamazonicum,,,,,"Reis, 1997",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829869,Moenkhausia crisnejas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,crisnejas,,,,,"Pearson, 1929", 49829873,Corydoras bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,bilineatus,,,,,"Knaack, 2002", 49829874,Creagrutus ungulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,ungulus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49829879,Apistogramma norberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,norberti,,,,,"Staeck, 1991", 49829895,Microglanis zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,zonatus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942", 49829896,Corydoras atropersonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,atropersonatus,,,,,"(Weitzman & Nijissen, 1970)", 49829897,Corydoras albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,albolineatus,,,,,"Knaack, 2004",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829905,Creagrutus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,flavescens,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49829906,Anablepsoides rubrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,rubrolineatus,,,,,"(Fels & de Rham, 1981)", 49829919,Brycon oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,oligolepis,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 49829925,Corydoras isbrueckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,isbrueckeri,,,,,"Knaack, 2004", 49829932,Spatuloricaria puganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,puganensis,,,,,"(Pearson, 1937)", 49829933,Gephyrocharax major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,major,,,,,"Myers, 1929", 49829934,Chaetostoma breve,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,breve,,,,,"Regan, 1904", 49829935,Corydoras pastazensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,pastazensis,,,,,"Weitzman, 1963", 49829947,Creagrutus pila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,pila,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49829953,Tyttobrycon spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tyttobrycon,spinosus,,,,,"Gery, 1973", 49829955,Pseudohemiodon apithanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudohemiodon,apithanos,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978", 49829958,Pimelodella roccae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,roccae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917", 49829960,Chrysobrycon myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Chrysobrycon,myersi,,,,,"(Weitzman & Thomerson, 1970)", 49829962,Apistogramma nijsseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,nijsseni,,,,,"Kullander, 1979", 49829963,Chaetostoma marmorescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,marmorescens,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942", 49829965,Pimelodella hartwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,hartwelli,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 49829968,Corydoras noelkempffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,noelkempffi,,,,,"Knaack, 2004", 49829973,Priocharax pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Priocharax,pygmaeus,,,,,"Weitzman & Vari, 1987","This is a valid species (see Weitzman and Vari 1987, Mattox et al. 2020)." 49829977,Hyphessobrycon peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,peruvianus,,,,,"Ladiges, 1938", 49829979,Leporinus pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,pearsoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 49829985,Bryconamericus osgoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,osgoodi,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942", 49829986,Corydoras paucerna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,paucerna,,,,,"Knaack, 2004", 49829987,Rineloricaria beni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,beni,,,,,"(Pearson, 1924)", 49829988,Moenkhausia margitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,margitae,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2001", 49829989,Chaetostoma branickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,branickii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1881", 49830001,Peckoltia pankimpuju,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,pankimpuju,,,,,"(Lujan & Chamon, 2008)", 49830002,Leporinus holostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,holostictus,,,,,"Cope, 1878", 49830011,Lepthoplosternum beni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Lepthoplosternum,beni,,,,,"Reis, 1997",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830012,Cheirodon ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,ortegai,,,,,"Vari & Géry, 1980", 49830020,Odontostilbe dierythrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,dierythrura,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 49830028,Apistogramma huascar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,huascar,,,,,"Romer, Pretor & Hahn, 2006", 49830040,Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phenacorhamdia,nigrolineata,,,,,"Zarske, 1998", 49830046,Cetopsis montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,montana,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 49830049,Pseudohemiodon thorectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudohemiodon,thorectes,,,,,"Isbrücker, 1975", 49830050,Rineloricaria morrowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,morrowi,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 49830052,Corydoras coriatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,coriatae,,,,,"Burgess, 1997", 49830053,Hemigrammus boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,boesemani,,,,,"Gery, 1959","This species was described as a subspecies of Hemigrammus micropterus. H. micropterus was described from the area just upstream of the Orinoco River delta and is widespread throughout the Orinoco River Basin. Both are quite similar (if not identical) to Hemigrammus levis, which is from the Amazon River Basin. The alpha taxonomy of this species group is at present unresolved." 49830054,Creagrutus kunturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,kunturus,,,,,"Vari, Harold & Ortega, 1995", 49830055,Apistogramma martini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,martini,,,,,"Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler, 2003", 49830063,Pimelodella chaparae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,chaparae,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 49830067,Pseudohemiodon lamina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudohemiodon,lamina,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 49830070,Stenolicmus sarmientoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Stenolicmus,sarmientoi,,,,,"Pinna & Starnes, 1990", 49830072,Astroblepus peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,peruanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)", 49830077,Astroblepus grixalvii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,grixalvii,,,,,"Humboldt, 1805", 49830078,Astroblepus longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,longiceps,,,,,"Pearson, 1924", 49830088,Bujurquina tambopatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,tambopatae,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830091,Hyphessobrycon gracilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,gracilior,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 49830097,Creagrutus peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,peruanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)", 49830106,Aposturisoma myriodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Aposturisoma,myriodon,,,,,"Isbrücker, Britski, Nijssen & Ortega, 1983", 49830108,Ancistrus tamboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,tamboensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 49830110,Astroblepus mancoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,mancoi,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1928", 49830115,Bujurquina moriorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,moriorum,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830132,Bryconamericus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,bolivianus,,,,,"Pearson, 1924", 49830136,Peckoltia furcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,furcata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1940)", 49830138,Chaetostoma stroumpoulos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,stroumpoulos,,,,,"Salcedo, 2006", 49830141,Orestias polonorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,polonorum,,,,,"Tchernavin, 1944", 49830142,Corydoras negro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,negro,,,,,"Knaack, 2004", 49830146,Tahuantinsuyoa macantzatza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tahuantinsuyoa,macantzatza,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830165,Creagrutus manu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,manu,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49830166,Hemibrycon helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,helleri,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1927", 49830168,Moenkhausia simulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,simulata,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1924)", 49830172,Rhamdella montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdella,montana,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830176,Chaetostoma daidalmatos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,daidalmatos,,,,,"Salcedo, 2006", 49830186,Pyrrhulina spilota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,spilota,,,,,"Weitzman, 1960", 49830187,Xenurobrycon heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Xenurobrycon,heterodon,,,,,"Weitzman & Fink, 1985", 49830189,Hemibrycon divisorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,divisorensis,,,,,"Bertaco, Malabarba, Hidalgo & Ortega, 2007", 49830191,Creagrutus changae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,changae,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49830194,Loricariichthys ucayalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,ucayalensis,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 49830201,Anadoras grypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Anadoras,grypus,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)",

There have been no published papers synonymising this species in the last five years.

There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

49830203,Geryichthys sterbai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Geryichthys,sterbai,,,,,"Zarske, 1997", 49830205,Anostomus longus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Anostomus,longus,,,,,"Géry, 1961", 49830215,Hypostomus ericius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,ericius,,,,,"Armbruster, 2003", 49830216,Creagrutus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,gracilis,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49830218,Ituglanis laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,laticeps,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 49830219,Apistogramma rositae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,rositae,,,,,"Romer, Romer & Hahn, 2006", 49830229,Monotocheirodon pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Monotocheirodon,pearsoni,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1924", 49830235,Corydoras multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,multiradiatus,,,,,"(Orcés, V., 1960)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830243,Hemiancistrus landoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,landoni,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1916", 49830244,Charax tectifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,tectifer,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)","Charax tectifer is an undoubtedly valid species, closely related to C. metae and C. delimai (Menezes and Lucena 2014)." 49830248,Chaetostoma taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,taczanowskii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882", 49830252,Ancistrus heterorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,heterorhynchus,,,,,"(Regan, 1912)", 49830255,Loricariichthys hauxwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,hauxwelli,,,,,"Fowler, 1915", 49830256,Hemigrammus luelingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,luelingi,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 49830261,Moenkhausia atahualpiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,atahualpiana,,,,,"(Fowler, 1907)", 49830266,Apistoloricaria condei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Apistoloricaria,condei,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1986", 49830267,Astyanax kennedyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,kennedyi,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 49830270,Corydoras leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,leucomelas,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830271,Hypoptopoma bilobatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypoptopoma,bilobatum,,,,,"(Cope,1870)", 49830276,Pimelodella elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,elongata,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 49830277,Apistogramma luelingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,luelingi,,,,,"Kullander, 1976", 49830279,Bujurquina huallagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,huallagae,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830284,Rhinodoras boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Rhinodoras,boehlkei,,,,,"Glodek, Whitmire & Orcés, V., 1976", 49830292,Brycon stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,stolzmanni,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879",The taxonomy of the species within this genus in the norther region of Peru is being reviewed. 49830303,Hyphessobrycon nigricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,nigricinctus,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2004", 49830305,Apistogramma eremnopyge,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,eremnopyge,,,,,"Ready & Kullander, 2004", 49830312,Tahuantinsuyoa chipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tahuantinsuyoa,chipi,,,,,"Kullander, 1991", 49830315,Tyttocharax tambopatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tyttocharax,tambopatensis,,,,,"Weitzman & Ortega, 1995", 49830322,Corydoras cruziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,cruziensis,,,,,"Knaack, 2002", 49830324,Ancistrus bufonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,bufonius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 49830327,Bujurquina megalospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,megalospilus,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830330,Anablepsoides derhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,derhami,,,,,"(Fels & Huber, 1985)", 49830331,Astyanax villwocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,villwocki,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 1999", 49830335,Chaetostoma loborhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,loborhynchos,,,,,"Tschudi, 1846", 49830337,Astyanax longior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,longior,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)", 49830339,Hypostomus levis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,levis,,,,,"Pearson, 1924", 49830340,Hemibrycon polyodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,polyodon,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 49830344,Serrasalmus sanchezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,sanchezi,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 49830349,Laemolyta fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Laemolyta,fasciata,,,,,"Pearson, 1924", 49830352,Trichomycterus megantoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,megantoni,,,,,"Fernandez & Quispe, 2007", 49830354,Apistogramma rubrolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,rubrolineata,,,,,"Hein, Zarske & Zapata, 2002", 49830365,Astroblepus labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,labialis,,,,,"Pearson, 1937", 49830367,Hemibrycon beni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,beni,,,,,"Pearson, 1924", 49830379,Corydoras weitzmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,weitzmani,,,,,"Nijssen, 1971", 49830382,Apistogramma atahualpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,atahualpa,,,,,"Römer, 1997", 49830392,Auchenipterichthys coracoideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterichthys,coracoideus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)","Auchenipterichthys coracoideus has been mistakenly identified as Auchenipterichthys thoracathus by several researchers in recent years. But A. thoracathus was restricted by Ferraris Jr. et al. (2005) to the upper Rio Madeira portions, and all other records were assigned to A. coracoideus extending the species' occupation area.
" 49830394,Astroblepus trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,trifasciatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49830395,Characidium bolivianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,bolivianum,,,,,"Pearson, 1924", 49830400,Corydoras panda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,panda,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1971", 49830405,Corydoras amphibelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,amphibelus,,,,,"Cope, 1872", 49830409,Orestias gymnota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Orestias,gymnota,,,,,"Parenti, 1984", 49830411,Odontostilbe ecuadorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,ecuadorensis,,,,,"Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2006", 49830414,Creagrutus holmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,holmi,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49830418,Sternarchorhynchus curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,curvirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 49830426,Lasiancistrus heteracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lasiancistrus,heteracanthus,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 49830430,Bryconamericus simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,simus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 49830440,Anablepsoides christinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,christinae,,,,,"(Huber, 1992)", 49830444,Hyphessobrycon tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,tenuis,,,,,"(Gery, 1964)", 49830446,Creagrutus ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,ortegai,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49830447,Chaetostoma changae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,changae,,,,,"Salcedo, 2006", 49830449,Microcharacidium geryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Microcharacidium,geryi,,,,,"Zarske, 1997", 49830450,Leporinus wolfei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,wolfei,,,,,"Fowler, 1941", 49830454,Chaetostoma lineopunctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,lineopunctatum,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942", 49830455,Pimelodella buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,buckleyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 49830457,Moema wischmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,wischmanni,,,,,"(Seegers, 1983)", 49830459,Corydoras virginiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,virginiae,,,,,"Burgess, 1993", 49830460,Xyliphius melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Xyliphius,melanopterus,,,,,"Orcés, V., 1962",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830462,Pimelodella peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,peruana,,,,,"Eigenmann & Myers, 1942", 49830463,Corydoras fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,fowleri,,,,,"Böhlke, 1950", 49830464,Hypostomus niceforoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,niceforoi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)",The taxonomic status of this species requires further verification. 49830468,Corydoras acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,acutus,,,,,"Cope, 1872",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830473,Trichomycterus taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,taczanowskii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882", 49830481,Lamontichthys stibaros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lamontichthys,stibaros,,,,,"(Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978)", 49830482,Hypostomus oculeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,oculeus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 49830489,Loricariichthys cashibo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,cashibo,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)", 49830490,Bryconamericus grosvenori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,grosvenori,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1927", 49830497,Cetopsorhamdia filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Cetopsorhamdia,filamentosa,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 49830498,Creagrutus ouranonastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,ouranonastes,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49830511,Bujurquina syspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,syspilus,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)", 49830513,Microgenys weyrauchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Microgenys,weyrauchi,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 49830519,Anablepsoides peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,peruanus,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 49830521,Corydoras stenocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,stenocephalus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942", 49830527,Aequidens patricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,patricki,,,,,"Kullander, 1984", 49830536,Anablepsoides iridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,iridescens,,,,,"(Fels & de Rham, 1981)", 49830538,Trichomycterus weyrauchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,weyrauchi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)", 49830548,Attonitus bounites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Attonitus,bounites,,,,,"Vari & Ortega, 2000", 49830549,Bujurquina hophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,hophrys,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830550,Astyanax chaparae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,chaparae,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 49830556,Scopaeocharax atopodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Scopaeocharax,atopodus,,,,,"(Böhlke, 1958)", 49830560,Melanocharacidium rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Melanocharacidium,rex,,,,,"(Böhlke, 1958)", 49830566,Scopaeocharax rhinodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Scopaeocharax,rhinodus,,,,,"(Böhlke, 1958)", 49830568,Phreatobius sanguijuela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phreatobius,sanguijuela,,,,,"Fernández, Saucedo, Carvajal-Vallejos & Schaefer, 2007", 49830577,Hemibrycon huambonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,huambonicus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)", 49830578,Loricariichthys chanjoo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,chanjoo,,,,,"(Fowler, 1940)", 49830579,Attonitus irisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Attonitus,irisae,,,,,"Vari & Ortega, 2000", 49830581,Creagrutus gephyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,gephyrus,,,,,"Böhlke & Saul, 1975", 49830582,Apistogramma baenschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,baenschi,,,,,"Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler, 2004", 49830591,Corydoras sychri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,sychri,,,,,"Weitzman, 1960", 49830597,Leporinus y-ophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,y-ophorus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 49830603,Astroblepus sabalo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,sabalo,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 49830608,Corydoras loretoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,loretoensis,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1986", 49830610,Pimelodella peruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,peruensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1915", 49830614,Moenkhausia dorsinuda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,dorsinuda,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2002", 49830622,Astroblepus taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,taczanowskii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 49830627,Trichomycterus taeniops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,taeniops,,,,,"Fowler, 1954", 49830631,Knodus gamma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,gamma,,,,,"Géry, 1972", 49830634,Gelanoglanis travieso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Gelanoglanis,travieso,,,,,"Rengifo & Lujan, 2008", 49830641,Astroblepus riberae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,riberae,,,,,"Cardona & Guerao, 1994", 49830643,Otocinclus huaorani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,huaorani,,,,,"Schaefer, 1997", 49830647,Lebiasina elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,elongata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 49830650,Hypodoras forficulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Hypodoras,forficulatus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1925", 49830651,Creagrutus pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,pearsoni,,,,,"Mahnert & Gery, 1988", 49830654,Hyphessobrycon robustulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,robustulus,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 49830655,Crenicichla sedentaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,sedentaria,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830661,Pimelodella montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,montana,,,,,"Allen, 1942", 49830664,Spectrolebias filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,filamentosus,,,,,"(Costa, Barrera & Sarmiento, 1997)", 49830668,Amblydoras nauticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Amblydoras,nauticus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 49830673,Cetopsis pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,pearsoni,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 49830676,Nannostomus mortenthaleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,mortenthaleri,,,,,"Paepke & Arendt, 2001", 49830677,Rhytiodus lauzannei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Rhytiodus,lauzannei,,,,,"Gery, 1987",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 49830692,Farlowella knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,knerii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)", 49830699,Squaliforma virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Squaliforma,virescens,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 49830703,Anablepsoides speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,speciosus,,,,,"(Fels & de Rham, 1981)", 49830705,Bryconamericus caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,caucanus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830708,Mesonauta mirificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mesonauta,mirificus,,,,,"Kullander & Silfvergrip, 1991", 49830709,Prodontocharax howesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Prodontocharax,howesi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1940)", 49830713,Astroblepus praeliorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,praeliorum,,,,,"Allen, 1942", 49830714,Knodus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,megalops,,,,,"Myers, 1929", 49830719,Corydoras copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,copei,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1986", 49830721,Xenurobrycon polyancistrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Xenurobrycon,polyancistrus,,,,,"Weitzman, 1987","This is a valid species (see Weitzman 1987, Weitzman and Ortega 1995)." 49830727,Steindachnerina binotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,binotata,,,,,"(Pearson, 1924)", 49830728,Tyttobrycon hamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tyttobrycon,hamatus,,,,,"Gery, 1973","This is a valid species (see Géry 1973, Lima et al. 2013)." 49830730,Ancistrus megalostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,megalostomus,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49830731,Astroblepus vanceae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,vanceae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 49830738,Imparfinis cochabambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,cochabambae,,,,,"(Fowler,1940)", 49830740,Bujurquina cordemadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,cordemadi,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830750,Astroblepus longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,longifilis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)", 49830753,Sturisoma guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisoma,guentheri,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49830757,Bryconacidnus paipayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconacidnus,paipayensis,,,,,"(Pearson, 1929)", 167662,Bryconamericus alfredae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,alfredae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1927", 167673,Eretmobrycon emperador,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,emperador,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907)", 167663,Bryconamericus pachacuti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,pachacuti,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1927", 167682,Bryconamericus plutarcoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,plutarcoi,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2001", 167792,Ceratobranchia binghami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Ceratobranchia,binghami,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1927", 167808,Gilbertolus atratoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CYNODONTIDAE,Gilbertolus,atratoensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 167654,Hemibrycon carrilloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,carrilloi,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 167779,Hemibrycon tridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,tridens,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922",Hemibrycon systematics are poorly known. 167811,Hemigrammus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,pulcher,,,,,"Ladiges, 1938", 167761,Ilisha amazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,amazonica,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1920)", 167750,Othonocheirodus eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Othonocheirodus,eigenmanni,,,,,"Myers, 1927", 167794,Parodon caliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,caliensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 167735,Laimosemion rectocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,rectocaudatus,,,,,"(Fels & de Rham, 1981)", 169377,Roeboides occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,occidentalis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1916","

There is uncertainty regarding the distribution of this species in Panama, resulting from confusion regarding the relationship between S. aequilabiatus and the close congener S. dariensis (González 2014).

" 167793,Bryconamericus huilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,huilae,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2003", 167810,Apionichthys nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Apionichthys,nattereri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)",The genus Achiropsis is now known to be a synonymy of Apionichthys (Ramos 2003). 167694,Apistogramma urteagai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,urteagai,,,,,"Kullander, 1986","Apistogramma genus is complex, and species are difficult to identify." 167770,Bunocephalus coracoideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,coracoideus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

167684,Bunocephalus knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,knerii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882",This species is taxonomically problematic and is in need of revision. 167799,Crenicichla macrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,macrophthalma,,,,,"Heckel, 1840",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167725,Sternopygus aequilabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Sternopygus,aequilabiatus,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1805)", 167736,Chaetostoma patiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,patiae,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 167655,Plectrochilus wieneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Plectrochilus,wieneri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 167697,Rineloricaria lima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,lima,,,,,"(Kner, 1853)","Para essa espécie só pode ser atribuída, no momento, uma descrição genérica de Rineloricaria lima, que é taxonomicamente problemática. O espécime de R. lima foi perdido e foi baseado em uma amostra seca que caracteriza a maioria das espécies do gênero (Ingenito et al. 2008)." 167762,Rineloricaria wolfei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,wolfei,,,,,"Fowler, 1940",Taxonomically uncertain. 167714,Sturisoma nigrirostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisoma,nigrirostrum,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 53925244,Epeolus intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,intermedius,,,,,"Perez, 1884",The taxonomic status of this species is not clear. 53925670,Epeolus transitorius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Epeolus,transitorius,,,,,"Eversmann, 1852","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. For long it was considered a subspecies of E. variegatus but recently it has been elevated to a separate species. However, its true taxonomic status is in need of revision." 190152,Platax orbicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPHIPPIDAE,Platax,orbicularis,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 177566,Siphlophis worontzowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Siphlophis,worontzowi,,,,,"(Prado, 1940)", 1095,Ambystoma mexicanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,mexicanum,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1798)","The taxonomic validity of this species is confirmed, on the basis of morphology, allozymes, and mtDNA (H.B. Shaffer pers. comm.)." 3173,Anaxyrus retiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,retiformis,,,,,"(Sanders & Smith, 1951)", 19182,Lithobates tlaloci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,tlaloci,,,,,"(Hillis & Frost, 1985)", 54567,Incilius alvarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,alvarius,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 54591,Incilius bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,bocourti,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)", 54602,Incilius canaliferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,canaliferus,,,,,"(Cope, 1877)", 54611,Incilius coccifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,coccifer,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)","Mendelson et al. (2005) recently separated I. pisinnus (endemic to Mexico), I. porteri (endemic to Honduras), and I. signifer (endemic to Panama) from I. coccifer." 54613,Anaxyrus compactilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,compactilis,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1833)", 54617,Incilius cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,cristatus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1833)", 54650,Incilius gemmifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,gemmifer,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",This species is currently under taxonomic review. 54680,Anaxyrus kelloggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,kelloggi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1936)", 54695,Incilius luetkenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,luetkenii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 87633071,Incilius macrocristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,macrocristatus,,,,,"(Firschein & Smith, 1957)","This is a restricted concept of Incilius macrocristatus following the split of the broader concept into this, I. valliceps and Incilius aurarius (Mendelson 1997, Mendelson et al. 2012). I. aurarius represents a split from the broader concepts of both I. macrocristatus and I. valliceps (Mendelson et al. 2012)." 54702,Incilius marmoreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,marmoreus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1833)", 54704,Incilius mazatlanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,mazatlanensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)", 54708,Anaxyrus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1879)", 54714,Incilius nebulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,nebulifer,,,,,"(Girard, 1843)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Incilius valliceps by Mulcahy and Mendelson (2000). 54739,Anaxyrus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,punctatus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)", 54761,Anaxyrus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,speciosus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 54762,Incilius spiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,spiculatus,,,,,"(Mendelson, 1997)", 54773,Incilius tacanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,tacanensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1952)", 54785,Incilius tutelarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,tutelarius,,,,,"(Mendelson, 1997)", 87633006,Incilius valliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,valliceps,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1833)", 54798,Anaxyrus woodhousii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,woodhousii,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)",Anaxyrus fowleri was formerly included in this species (Dodd 2013). 55293,Agalychnis moreletii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,moreletii,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)", 55307,Duellmanohyla chamulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,chamulae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1961)", 55308,Duellmanohyla ignicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,ignicolor,,,,,"(Duellman, 1961)", 55312,Duellmanohyla schmidtorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,schmidtorum,,,,,"(Stuart, 1954)", 55372,Exerodonta abdivita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,abdivita,,,,,"(Campbell & Duellman, 2000)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55384,Charadrahyla altipotens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,altipotens,,,,,"(Duellman, 1968)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55387,Sarcohyla ameibothalame,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,ameibothalame,,,,,"(Canseco-Márquez, Mendelson & Gutiérrez-Mayén, 2003)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55394,Sarcohyla arborescandens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,arborescandens,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55395,Dryophytes arboricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,arboricola,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Hyla exima by Elioso León (2002). The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55396,Dryophytes arenicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,arenicolor,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 151284870,Sarcohyla bistincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,bistincta,,,,,"(Cope, 1877)","This is a restricted concept of Sarcohyla bistincta following the split of the broader concept into this S. labeculata and S. hapsa (Campbell et al. 2018)." 55414,Exerodonta bivocata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,bivocata,,,,,"(Duellman & Hoyt, 1961)",This species was elevated from subspecies status under Exerodonta melanomma by Campbell and Duellman (2000). It was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55431,Sarcohyla calvicollina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,calvicollina,,,,,"(Toal, 1994)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55438,Sarcohyla celata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,celata,,,,,"(Toal & Mendelson, 1995)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla.

Toal and Mendelson (1995) considered S. celata to occur in the Sierra de Juárez and also tentatively near Totontepec in the Sierra Mixe, but specimens from the Sierra Mixe were reassigned to S. cyclada (Campbell and Duellman 2000)." 55439,Sarcohyla cembra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,cembra,,,,,"(Caldwell, 1974)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55441,Charadrahyla chaneque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,chaneque,,,,,"(Duellman, 1961)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55442,Sarcohyla charadricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,charadricola,,,,,"(Duellman, 1964)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55444,Exerodonta chimalapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,chimalapa,,,,,"(Mendelson & Campbell, 1994)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55447,Sarcohyla chryses,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,chryses,,,,,"(Adler, 1965)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55456,Sarcohyla crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,crassa,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55459,Sarcohyla cyanomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,cyanomma,,,,,"(Caldwell, 1974)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55460,Sarcohyla cyclada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,cyclada,,,,,"(Campbell & Duellman, 2000)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla. This taxon may be a junior synonym of S. arborescandens (Caviedes-Solis 2012)." 55466,Bromeliohyla dendroscarta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bromeliohyla,dendroscarta,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Bromeliohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55470,Dendropsophus ebraccatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,ebraccatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55471,Ecnomiohyla echinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,echinata,,,,,"(Duellman, 1961)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55476,Dryophytes euphorbiaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,euphorbiaceus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55478,Dryophytes eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,eximius,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)","Until recently, Hyla wrightorum was regarded as a synonym of Hyla eximia, but Duellman (2001) recognized H. wrightorum as a distinct species.

The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes." 55489,Tlalocohyla godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tlalocohyla,godmani,,,,,"(Günther, 1901)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Tlalocohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55501,Sarcohyla hazelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,hazelae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)", 55523,Charadrahyla juanitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,juanitae,,,,,"(Snyder, 1972)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005) and since then to Charadrahyla (Faivovitch et al. 2018). 55527,Sarcohyla labedactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,labedactyla,,,,,"(Mendelson & Toal, 1996)", 55541,Tlalocohyla loquax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tlalocohyla,loquax,,,,,"(Gaige & Stuart, 1934)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Tlalocohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55552,Exerodonta melanomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,melanomma,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55567,Megastomatohyla mixe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Megastomatohyla,mixe,,,,,"(Duellman, 1965)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Megastomatohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55568,Megastomatohyla mixomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Megastomatohyla,mixomaculata,,,,,"(Taylor, 1950)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Megastomatohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55573,Sarcohyla mykter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,mykter,,,,,"(Adler & Dennis, 1972)", 55577,Charadrahyla nephila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,nephila,,,,,"(Mendelson & Campbell, 1999)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55583,Sarcohyla pachyderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,pachyderma,,,,,"(Taylor, 1942)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55592,Megastomatohyla pellita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Megastomatohyla,pellita,,,,,"(Duellman, 1968)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Megastomatohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 174249226,Sarcohyla pentheter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,pentheter,,,,,"(Adler, 1965)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla. This is a restricted concept of Sarcohyla pentheter following the split of the broader concept into this and S. floresi (Kaplan et al. 2020)." 55602,Tlalocohyla picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tlalocohyla,picta,,,,,"(Günther, 1901)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Tlalocohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55606,Charadrahyla pinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,pinorum,,,,,"(Taylor, 1937)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005) and since then to Charadrahyla (Faivovitch et al. 2018). 55608,Dryophytes plicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,plicatus,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55613,Sarcohyla psarosema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,psarosema,,,,,"(Campbell & Duellman, 2000)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55628,Dendropsophus robertmertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,robertmertensi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1937)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55629,Sarcohyla robertsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,robertsorum,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55639,Sarcohyla sabrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,sabrina,,,,,"(Caldwell, 1974)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55646,Dendropsophus sartori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,sartori,,,,,"(Smith, 1951)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55658,Sarcohyla siopela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,siopela,,,,,"(Duellman, 1968)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the genus Plectrohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005), and then Duellman et al. (2016) placed it within the genus Sarcohyla." 55659,Exerodonta smaragdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,smaragdina,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55660,Tlalocohyla smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tlalocohyla,smithii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Tlalocohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55668,Exerodonta sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,sumichrasti,,,,,"Brocchi, 1879",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55671,Charadrahyla taeniopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,taeniopus,,,,,"(Günther, 1901)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 169852180,Sarcohyla thorectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,thorectes,,,,,"(Adler, 1965)","This is a restricted concept of Sarcohyla thorectes following the split of the broader concept into this and Sarcohyla toyota (Grünwald et al. 2019)." 55685,Ecnomiohyla valancifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,valancifer,,,,,"(Firschein & Smith, 1956)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55691,Dryophytes walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,walkeri,,,,,"(Stuart, 1954)", 55696,Dryophytes wrightorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,wrightorum,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)","Hyla wrightorum was regarded to be a synonym of Hyla eximia, but Duellman (2001) recognized H. wrightorum as a distinct species. This treatment was adopted by Crother et al. (2003). The taxonomic status of the Mexican subpopulations north of the Mexico City region is uncertain (Crother et al. 2003).

The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes." 55699,Exerodonta xera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,xera,,,,,"(Mendelson & Campbell, 1994)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55813,Agalychnis dacnicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,dacnicolor,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 55870,Plectrohyla acanthodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,acanthodes,,,,,"Duellman & Campbell, 1992", 55871,Plectrohyla avia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,avia,,,,,"Stuart, 1952", 121383401,Plectrohyla guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,guatemalensis,,,,,"Brocchi, 1877",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Plectrohyla calvata (McCranie 2017). Some of the Honduran subpopulations may belong to other species and further taxonomic work is needed (C. Vásquez Almazán pers. comm. August 2019). 55877,Plectrohyla hartwegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,hartwegi,,,,,"Duellman, 1968","This species is possibly a species complex, and further taxonomic work needs to be carried out to verify the identity of Honduran and Guatamalan subpopulations (Duellman and Campbell 1992, J. Townsend pers. comm. March 2019)." 55878,Plectrohyla ixil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,ixil,,,,,"Stuart, 1942", 55879,Plectrohyla lacertosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,lacertosa,,,,,"Bumzahem & Smith, 1954", 55880,Plectrohyla matudai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,matudai,,,,,"Hartweg, 1941", 55883,Plectrohyla pycnochila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,pycnochila,,,,,"Rabb, 1959",There is considerable doubt regarding the validity of this species. 55885,Plectrohyla sagorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,sagorum,,,,,"Hartweg, 1941", 55890,Pseudacris cadaverina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,cadaverina,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 55891,Pseudacris clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,clarkii,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)","Using mtDNA samples from a large number of localities throughout North America, Lemmon et al. (2007) elucidated the phylogenetic relationships and established the geographic ranges of the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). They redefined the ranges of several taxa, including P. maculata, P. triseriata, and P. feriarum; found strong evidence for recognizing P. kalmi as a distinct species; and discovered a previously undetected species in the south-central United States (to be described in a forthcoming publication). Based on mtDNA data, Pseudacris maculata and P. clarkii did not emerge as distinct, monophyletic lineages but, given the degree of morphological and behavioral divergence between the taxa, Lemmon et al. (2007) chose to recognize them as separate species, until further data suggest otherwise." 55907,Smilisca fodiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,fodiens,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species was previously within the genus Pternohyla which was synonymized with Smilisca (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55908,Quilticohyla acrochorda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Quilticohyla,acrochorda,,,,,"(Campbell & Duellman, 2000)", 55909,Quilticohyla erythromma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Quilticohyla,erythromma,,,,,"(Taylor, 1937)", 55910,Ptychohyla euthysanota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,euthysanota,,,,,"(Kellogg, 1928)", 55913,Ptychohyla leonhardschultzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,leonhardschultzei,,,,,"(Ahl, 1934)", 55919,Ptychohyla zophodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,zophodes,,,,,"Campbell & Duellman, 2000", 55997,Scinax staufferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,staufferi,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 143847252,Smilisca baudinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,baudinii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","This is a restricted concept of Smilisca baudinii following the split of the broader concept into this and Smilisca manisorum (McCranie 2017). In Costa Rica, S. baudinii occurs on the Pacific versant and S. manisorum occurs on the Atlantic versant; however, additional taxonomic research is needed on these two taxa (F. Bolaños pers. comm. September 2019)." 56007,Smilisca cyanosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,cyanosticta,,,,,"(Smith, 1953)", 56051,Triprion petasatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Triprion,petasatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 56405,Craugastor alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,alfredi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56410,Craugastor amniscola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,amniscola,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56438,Craugastor augusti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,augusti,,,,,"(Dugès in Brocchi, 1879)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56455,Craugastor batrachylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,batrachylus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)", 56458,Craugastor berkenbuschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,berkenbuschii,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56478,Craugastor brocchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,brocchi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 166722585,Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,cystignathoides,,,,,"(Cope, 1877)",This is a restricted concept of Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides following the split of the broader concept into this and E. campi (Grünwald et al. 2018). 56551,Craugastor decoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,decoratus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1942)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56561,Eleutherodactylus dilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,dilatus,,,,,"(Davis & Dixon, 1955)", 56622,Craugastor glaucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,glaucus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1967)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This species is probably a junior synonym of Craugastor xucanebi (J. Campbell and C. Grunwald pers. comm. 2019). 56631,Craugastor greggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,greggi,,,,,"(Bumzahem, 1955)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56639,Craugastor guerreroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,guerreroensis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1967)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56643,Eleutherodactylus guttilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,guttilatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1879)","This is a restricted concept of Eleutherodactylus guttilatus, as subpopulations from the Big Bend region in Texas, USA and northern Coahuila and Chihuahua, Mexico now belong to E. marnockii, and subpopulations from Tamaulipas have been reallocated to E. verrucipes (C. Grünwald pers. comm. October 2019)." 56675,Eleutherodactylus interorbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,interorbitalis,,,,,"(Langerbartel & Shannon, 1956)",E. interorbitalis and E. saxatilis have been recovered as sister taxa to all other species within the E. modestus species group (Grünwald et al. 2018). 143827978,Craugastor laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,laticeps,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This is a restricted concept of Craugastor laticeps following the split of the broader concept into this and Craugastor castanedai (McCranie 2018)." 56714,Eleutherodactylus leprus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,leprus,,,,,"(Cope, 1879)",Included by some authors in the genus Syrrhophus. 56721,Craugastor lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,lineatus,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1879)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This is likely a species complex (J. Campbell pers. comm. August 2019). 56726,Craugastor loki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,loki,,,,,"(Shannon and Werler, 1955)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith, 2005). We follow Lynch (2000) in separating this species from C. rhodopis." 56727,Eleutherodactylus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,longipes,,,,,"(Baird, 1859)", 56744,Eleutherodactylus marnockii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,marnockii,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)","Subpopulations in the Big Bend Region of Texas, USA and northern Coahuila and Chiuahua, Mexico that were previously allocated to Eleutherodactylus guttilatius have now been assigned to E. marnockii (C. Grünwald pers. comm. October 2019)." 56748,Craugastor matudai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,matudai,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56749,Eleutherodactylus maurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,maurus,,,,,"Hedges, 1989", 56753,Craugastor megalotympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,megalotympanum,,,,,"(Shannon & Werler, 1955)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 82466833,Craugastor mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,mexicanus,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)",This is a restricted concept of Craugastor mexicanus following the split of the broader concept into this and Craugastor saltator (Hedges et al. 2008). 166720189,Eleutherodactylus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,nitidus,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)",This is a restricted concept of Eleutherodactylus nitidus following the split of the broader concept into this and E. orarius (Grünwald et al. 2018). 56821,Craugastor palenque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,palenque,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). Two juvenile Guatemalan specimens assigned to this species might represent a new taxon. 56840,Craugastor pelorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,pelorus,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)", 56862,Eleutherodactylus pipilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,pipilans,,,,,"Taylor, 1940",Some authors place this species in the genus Syrrhophos. 56872,Craugastor polymniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,polymniae,,,,,"(Campbell, Lamar & Hillis, 1989)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56876,Craugastor pozo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,pozo,,,,,"(Johnson & Savage, 1995)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56891,Craugastor pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1937)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This is a complex of probably at least five species (J. Campbell pers. comm. August 2019). 56910,Craugastor rhodopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rhodopis,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). We follow Lynch (2000) in separating Eleutherodactylus loki from E. rhodopis. 56928,Eleutherodactylus rubrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,rubrimaculatus,,,,,"(Taylor & Smith, 1945)", 160609870,Eleutherodactylus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,rufescens,,,,,"(Duellman & Dixon, 1959)",This is a broader concept of Eleutherodactylus rufescens following the synonymy of E. nivicolimae with this species by Grünwald et al. (2018). 56934,Craugastor rugulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rugulosus,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56937,Craugastor rupinius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rupinius,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56948,Craugastor montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,montanus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1942)","This species was first described as Microbatrachylus montanus, but when moved to the genus Eleutherodactylus the replacement name of Eleutherodactylus sartori was used (Lynch 1965). It has since been moved to Craugastor by Crawford and Smith (2005), where it is known as Craugastor montanus." 56964,Craugastor silvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,silvicola,,,,,"(Lynch, 1967)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56973,Craugastor spatulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,spatulatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1939)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56980,Craugastor stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,stuarti,,,,,"(Lynch, 1967)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This species is probably a junior synonym of Craugastor xucanebi (J. Campbell and C. Grunwald pers. comm. 2019). 56994,Craugastor tarahumaraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,tarahumaraensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56996,Craugastor taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,taylori,,,,,"(Lynch, 1966)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This species is probably a junior synonym of Craugastor xucanebi (J. Campbell and C. Grunwald pers. comm. 2019). 56999,Eleutherodactylus teretistes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,teretistes,,,,,"(Duellman, 1958)", 57037,Eleutherodactylus verrucipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,verrucipes,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 57038,Eleutherodactylus verruculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,verruculatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)",This form is probably not a valid species. It is probably a synonym of Eleutherodactylus verrucipes (Santos-Barrera pers. comm.). 57048,Craugastor vocalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,vocalis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 57050,Craugastor vulcani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,vulcani,,,,,"(Shannon & Werler, 1955)", 57063,Craugastor yucatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,yucatanensis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1965)", 57127,Leptodactylus fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,fragilis,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)","This species was known as Leptodactylus fragilis for many years until Heyer (1978) determined that L. labialis and L. fragilis represent the same species and that the former was the correct name based on publication priority. However, Heyer (2002) later determined that Leptodactylus fragilis is in fact the valid scientific name for the species. The concept is likely to be a species complex (C. Señaris pers. comm. February 2020)." 57144,Leptodactylus melanonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,melanonotus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 57272,Engystomops pustulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,pustulosus,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)","In the Edentulus clade of Ron et al. (2006). There are two well-supported allopatric clades within Engystomops pustulosus, each occupying one of two disjunct portions of the distribution range of this species (Ron et al. 2006)." 57814,Gastrophryne elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Gastrophryne,elegans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 57817,Hypopachus ustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hypopachus,ustus,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 57831,Hypopachus barberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hypopachus,barberi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1939", 57832,Hypopachus variolosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hypopachus,variolosus,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 58574,Lithobates chichicuahutla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,chichicuahutla,,,,,"(Cuellar, Méndez-De La Cruz & Villagrán-Santa Cruz, 1996)", 58588,Lithobates dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,dunni,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1957)",This species is a member of the Lithobates pipiens complex. 58599,Lithobates forreri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,forreri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)", 58628,Lithobates johni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,johni,,,,,"(Blair, 1965)", 58656,Lithobates magnaocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,magnaocularis,,,,,"(Frost and Bagnara, 1974)","

Species in the Rana pipiens complex can demonstrate extraordinary polymorphism, and there is difficulty in diagnosing this species from Lithobates yavapaiensis (Streicher et al. 2012, Enderson et al. 2014).

" 58662,Lithobates megapoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,megapoda,,,,,"(Taylor, 1942)", 58671,Lithobates montezumae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,montezumae,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)", 58687,Lithobates omiltemanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,omiltemanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1900)", 58701,Lithobates psilonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,psilonota,,,,,"(Webb, 2001)", 58702,Lithobates pueblae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,pueblae,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1955)", 58718,Lithobates sierramadrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,sierramadrensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)", 58722,Lithobates spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,spectabilis,,,,,"(Hillis & Frost, 1985)", 58744,Lithobates vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,vaillanti,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)",This species is a complex of several species (K.-H. Jungfer pers. comm.). It was resurrected from the synonymy of Lithobates palmipes by Hillis and de Sá (1988). 58754,Lithobates zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,zweifeli,,,,,"(Hillis, Frost & Webb, 1984)", 59040,Rhinophrynus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHINOPHRYNIDAE,Rhinophrynus,dorsalis,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1841", 59041,Scaphiopus couchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SCAPHIOPODIDAE,Scaphiopus,couchii,,,,,"Baird, 1854","Garcia-Paris et al. (2003) used mtDNA to examine the phylogentic relationships of Pelobatoidea and found that the family Pelobatidae, as previously defined, is not monophyletic (Pelobates is sister to Megophryidae, not to Spea/Scaphiopus). They separated the Pelobatidae into two families: Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates), which retain the name Pelobatidae; and North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus, Spea), which make up the revived family Scaphiopodidae." 59047,Spea multiplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SCAPHIOPODIDAE,Spea,multiplicata,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)","This species was formerly included in Spea hammondii. Garcia-Paris et al. (2003) used mtDNA to examine the phylogentic relationships of Pelobatoidea and found that the family Pelobatidae, as previously defined, is not monophyletic (Pelobates is sister to Megophryidae, not to Spea/Scaphiopus). They separated the Pelobatidae into two families: Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates), which retain the name Pelobatidae; and North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus, Spea), which make up the revived family Scaphiopodidae." 59049,Ambystoma altamirani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,altamirani,,,,,"(Dugès, 1895)", 59050,Ambystoma amblycephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,amblycephalum,,,,,"Taylor, 1940","Based on mitochondrial DNA (Shaffer and McKnight 1996) and allozymes (Shaffer 1984) this species is extremely closely related to several other populations from the Mesa Central, and species boundaries are in need of careful review." 59054,Ambystoma bombypellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,bombypellum,,,,,"Taylor, 1940","There is significant doubt as to the validity of this species as its type locality cannot be located, it has not been positively identified since its description, and no genetic work has been conducted on the holotype (Mexico Red List Assessment Workshop October 2019)." 59055,Ambystoma dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,dumerilii,,,,,"(Dugès, 1870)",The taxonomic validity of this species is now well accepted (H.B. Shaffer pers. comm.). 59058,Ambystoma granulosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,granulosum,,,,,"Taylor, 1944","The species boundaries between Ambystoma granulosum, A. lermaense and A. rivularis require further investigation. However, these three taxa are clearly differentiated from all other Mexican ambystomatids (H.B. Shaffer pers. comm.)." 59061,Ambystoma leorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,leorae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1943)","The species was previously included in the genus Rhyacosiredon. Based on unpublished allozyme and mtDNA sequence data, it is a well-defined taxon distinct from Ambystoma (Rhyacosiredon) altimirani (H.B. Shaffer pers. comm.)." 59067,Ambystoma rivulare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,rivulare,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)","Based on allozyme data, this species is most similar to Ambystoma granulosum, and not to A. altamirani (Shaffer pers. comm.)." 59068,Ambystoma rosaceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,rosaceum,,,,,"Taylor, 1941","This form might be a complex of more than one species consisting of two taxa from the northern and southern parts of the range (Shaffer 1983, Shaffer and McKnight 1996)." 62130287,Ambystoma velasci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,velasci,,,,,"Dugès, 1888",Ambystoma subsalsum was removed from synonymy with Ambystoma velasci (Frost 2020). The biological populations previously associated with A. subsalsum are not included in this assessment. 59118,Aneides lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aneides,lugubris,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1849)", 59128,Batrachoseps major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,major,,,,,"Camp, 1915","We follow Wake and Jockusch (2000) in considering Batrachoseps aridus to be a subspecies of B. major. Hower, further taxonomic revision is probably needed." 59136,Bolitoglossa alberchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,alberchi,,,,,"García-París, Parra-Olea, Brame & Wake, 2002", 59158,Bolitoglossa engelhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,engelhardti,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)", 59161,Bolitoglossa flavimembris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,flavimembris,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)", 59162,Bolitoglossa flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,flaviventris,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)", 59163,Bolitoglossa franklini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,franklini,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)",This taxon might be a complex of several species (Highton 2000). 154024332,Bolitoglossa hartwegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,hartwegi,,,,,"Wake & Brame, 1969",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Bolitoglossa xibalba (Campbell et al. 2010). 59168,Bolitoglossa hermosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,hermosa,,,,,"Papenfuss, Wake & Adler, 1984", 59173,Bolitoglossa lincolni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,lincolni,,,,,"(Stuart, 1943)", 59176,Bolitoglossa macrinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,macrinii,,,,,"(Lafrentz, 1930)", 59180,Bolitoglossa mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,mexicana,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854",This species is probably a complex of several cryptic forms (García-París et al. 2000). The taxonomic status of this species is likely to change in the near future (S. Rovito pers. comm. 2007). 59184,Bolitoglossa mulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,mulleri,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1883)", 59187,Bolitoglossa oaxacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,oaxacensis,,,,,"Parra-Olea, Garcia-Paris and Wake, 2002", 59188,Bolitoglossa occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,occidentalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1941","The isolated population of Barranca de Trincheras, Comayagua, in south-central Honduras is known from a single specimen collected many years ago and the systematic status of this population needs further study (Ted Papenfuss pers. comm. 2007)." 59196,Bolitoglossa platydactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,platydactyla,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 59199,Bolitoglossa riletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,riletti,,,,,"Holman, 1964", 188659171,Bolitoglossa rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,rostrata,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1883)", 59211,Bolitoglossa stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,stuarti,,,,,"Wake & Brame, 1969",This taxon may actually represent two distinct species (Guatemala Red List Assessment Workshop August 2019). 59216,Bolitoglossa veracrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,veracrucis,,,,,"Taylor, 1951", 59218,Bolitoglossa yucatana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,yucatana,,,,,"(Peters, 1882)", 59221,Chiropterotriton arboreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,arboreus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)", 59222,Chiropterotriton chiropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,chiropterus,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)","The type specimen has been lost. In the past, the species name has been applied to subpopulations of Chiropterotriton in southern Mexico that are no longer assigned to this species." 59223,Chiropterotriton chondrostega,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,chondrostega,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)", 59224,Chiropterotriton cracens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,cracens,,,,,"Rabb, 1958", 59226,Chiropterotriton lavae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,lavae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1942)",There is continuing uncertainty as to the taxonomic status of this form (D. Wake and G. Parra-Olea pers. comm.). 87738776,Chiropterotriton multidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,multidentatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)","This is a restricted concept of Chiropterotriton multidentatus following the split of the broader concept into this, C. cieloensis, C. infernalis (Rovito and Parra-Olea 2015) and C. chico (García-Castillo et al. 2017)." 59230,Chiropterotriton orculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,orculus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)",Removed from the synonymy of Chiropterotriton chiropterus by Darda (1994). 59231,Chiropterotriton priscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,priscus,,,,,"Rabb, 1956",D.B. Wake suggested that this taxon may represent a species complex (see Frost 2019). 59232,Chiropterotriton terrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,terrestris,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)","A record from Querétaro may also pertain to this species (Gillingwater and Patrikeev 2004), but until this record is verified it is not included on the species' range map." 59233,Thorius adelos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,adelos,,,,,"(Papenfuss & Wake, 1987)", 59234,Cryptotriton alvarezdeltoroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Cryptotriton,alvarezdeltoroi,,,,,"(Papenfuss & Wake, 1987)", 59239,Dendrotriton megarhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,megarhinus,,,,,"(Rabb, 1960)", 59242,Dendrotriton xolocalcae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,xolocalcae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)", 59288,Ixalotriton parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Ixalotriton,parvus,,,,,"(Lynch & Wake, 1989)", 59289,Pseudoeurycea lineola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,lineola,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 59304,Nyctanolis pernix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nyctanolis,pernix,,,,,"Elias & Wake, 1983", 59312,Oedipina elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,elongata,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)", 59328,Parvimolge townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Parvimolge,townsendi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1922)", 59365,Pseudoeurycea ahuitzotl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,ahuitzotl,,,,,"Adler, 1996", 59367,Pseudoeurycea amuzga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,amuzga,,,,,"Pérez-Ramos & Saldaña-de la Riva, 2003", 59369,Pseudoeurycea aquatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,aquatica,,,,,"Wake & Campbell, 2001", 89185854,Isthmura bellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Isthmura,bellii,,,,,"(Gray, 1850)",This is a restricted concept of Isthmura bellii following the split of the broader concept into this and I. sierraoccidentalis (Rovito et al. 2015). 59372,Pseudoeurycea brunnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,brunnata,,,,,"Bumzahem & Smith, 1955", 59374,Pseudoeurycea cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,cochranae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1943)",This form represents a species complex and is in need of taxonomic revision (G. Parra-Olea and D. Wake pers. comm.). 59375,Pseudoeurycea conanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,conanti,,,,,"Bogert, 1967",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear (Parra-Olea and Wake pers. comm.). 59377,Pseudoeurycea firscheini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,firscheini,,,,,"Shannon & Werler, 1955", 59378,Pseudoeurycea gadovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,gadovii,,,,,"(Dunn, 1926)", 59379,Aquiloeurycea galeanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aquiloeurycea,galeanae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)",This species requires further taxonomic investigation (G. Parra-Olea and D.B. Wake pers. comm.). This species was previously within the genus Pseudoeurycea but has recently been moved to the genus Aquiloeurycea (Rovito et al. 2015). 59380,Isthmura gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Isthmura,gigantea,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)",This species was previously within the genus Pseudoeurycea but has recently been moved to Isthmura (Dubois and Raffaëlli 2012). It was previously removed from the synonymy of Isthmura bellii by Parra-Olea et al. (2001 - as Pseudoeurycea bellii). 59381,Pseudoeurycea goebeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,goebeli,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)",Mexican subpopulation may correspond to an undescribed species of Pseudoeurycea (S. Rovito pers. comm. 2019). 59382,Pseudoeurycea juarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,juarezi,,,,,"Regal, 1966", 59383,Pseudoeurycea leprosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,leprosa,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)", 59384,Pseudoeurycea longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,longicauda,,,,,"Lynch, Wake & Yang, 1983", 59385,Pseudoeurycea lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,lynchi,,,,,"Parra-Olea, Papenfuss & Wake, 2001",This species was previously considered to be a synonym of Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata. 59386,Pseudoeurycea melanomolga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,melanomolga,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)", 59387,Pseudoeurycea mixcoatl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,mixcoatl,,,,,"Adler, 1996", 59392,Pseudoeurycea rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,rex,,,,,"(Dunn, 1921)","The animals in Mexico might belong to a new species, however new tissue samples are needed to confirm this (G. Parra-Olea pers. comm. 2007)." 59393,Pseudoeurycea robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,robertsi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)", 59394,Pseudoeurycea ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,ruficauda,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-París, Hanken & Wake, 2004", 59395,Pseudoeurycea saltator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,saltator,,,,,"Lynch & Wake, 1989", 59396,Aquiloeurycea scandens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aquiloeurycea,scandens,,,,,"(Walker, 1955)",This species was previously within the genus Pseudoeurycea but has recently been moved to the genus Aquiloeurycea (Rovito et al. 2015). 59397,Pseudoeurycea smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,smithi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)", 59398,Pseudoeurycea tenchalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,tenchalli,,,,,"Adler, 1996", 59399,Pseudoeurycea teotepec,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,teotepec,,,,,"Adler, 1996", 59400,Pseudoeurycea tlahcuiloh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,tlahcuiloh,,,,,"Adler, 1996", 59401,Pseudoeurycea unguidentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,unguidentis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)", 59402,Pseudoeurycea werleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,werleri,,,,,"Darling & Smith, 1954", 59407,Thorius arboreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,arboreus,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1994", 59408,Thorius aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,aureus,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1994", 59409,Thorius boreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,boreas,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1994", 59410,Thorius dubitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,dubitus,,,,,"Taylor, 1941", 59411,Thorius grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,grandis,,,,,"Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999", 59412,Thorius infernalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,infernalis,,,,,"Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999", 59414,Thorius lunaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,lunaris,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1998", 59415,Thorius macdougalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,macdougalli,,,,,"Taylor, 1949",This form probably consists of at least three species (G. Parra-Olea and D. Wake pers. comm.). 59416,Thorius magnipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,magnipes,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1998", 59417,Thorius minutissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,minutissimus,,,,,"Taylor, 1949","The name Thorius minutissimus has been applied to populations at other localities, but these are now known to belong to other species in the genus (Hanken and Wake pers. comm.)." 59418,Thorius minydemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,minydemus,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1998", 59419,Thorius munificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,munificus,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1998", 59420,Thorius narismagnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,narismagnus,,,,,"Shannon & Werler, 1955", 59421,Thorius narisovalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,narisovalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1939", 59422,Thorius omiltemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,omiltemi,,,,,"Hanken, Wake & Freeman, 1999", 59424,Thorius pennatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,pennatulus,,,,,"Cope, 1869","Records from further south in Tezonapa county (S. Rovito pers. obs. 2010, 2014, 2016) do not belong to this species (S. Rovito pers. comm. October 2019)." 59425,Thorius pulmonaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,pulmonaris,,,,,"Taylor, 1940",Populations attributed to this species from locations other than the type locality (Cerro San Felipe) need to be confirmed and are currently not included here. 87633164,Thorius schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,schmidti,,,,,"Gehlbach, 1959",This is a restricted concept of Thorius schmidti following the split of the broader concept into this and T. maxillabrochus (Rovito et al. 2013). 59427,Thorius smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,smithi,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1994", 59428,Thorius spilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,spilogaster,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1998", 59429,Thorius troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,troglodytes,,,,,"Taylor, 1941", 59491,Siren intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SIRENIDAE,Siren,intermedia,,,,,"Barnes, 1826", 59492,Siren lacertina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SIRENIDAE,Siren,lacertina,,,,,"Österdam, 1766","Records of this species from Tamaulipas, Mexico require further taxonomic work, as according to genetic analysis there are no confirmed differences in blood proteins and mtDNA between Siren intermedia and S. lacertina in the Rio Grande subpopulation (Dixon 2013), suggesting these records may actually belong to S. intermedia." 59545,Dermophis mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Dermophis,mexicanus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)",The conspecificity of the disjunct populations needs to be assessed. 59546,Dermophis oaxacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Dermophis,oaxacae,,,,,"(Mertens, 1930)",The conspecificity of the disjunct populations needs to be assessed. There is little variation between the few known specimens (M. Wake pers. comm. 2007). 61751,Incilius cycladen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,cycladen,,,,,"(Lynch & Smith, 1966)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Incilius coccifer by Mendelson et al. (2005). 61755,Incilius pisinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,pisinnus,,,,,"(Mendelson, Williams, Sheil & Mulcahy, 2005)",This species has recently been separated from Incilius coccifer by Mendelson et al. (2005). 61872,Lithobates lemosespinali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,lemosespinali,,,,,"(Smith & Chiszar, 2003)",Enderson et al. (2014) considered this a synonym of Lithobates chiricahuensis because they questioned whether they could be accurately diagnosed. 61893,Ambystoma silvense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,silvense,,,,,"(Webb, 2004)","There is some question as to the taxonomic validity of this species (D. Wake, G. Parra-Olea, T. Papenfuss, pers. comm.)." 61906,Isthmura boneti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Isthmura,boneti,,,,,"(Alvarez & Martín, 1967)",This species was previously within the genus Pseudoeurycea but has recently been moved to Isthmura (Dubois and Raffaëlli 2012). It was resurrected from synonymy with Isthmura bellii (as Pseudoeurycea bellii in Parra-Olea et al. 2005). 61907,Isthmura maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Isthmura,maxima,,,,,"(Parra-Olea, García-París, Papenfuss & Wake, 2005)",This species was previously within the genus Pseudoeurycea but has recently been moved to Isthmura (Dubois and Raffaëlli 2012). 61908,Pseudoeurycea mixteca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,mixteca,,,,,"Canseco-Márquez & Gutiérrez-Mayén, 2005", 61909,Pseudoeurycea obesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,obesa,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-París, Hanken & Wake, 2005", 61911,Aquiloeurycea quetzalanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aquiloeurycea,quetzalanensis,,,,,"(Parra-Olea, Canseco-Márquez & García-París, 2004)",This species was previously within the genus Pseudoeurycea but has recently been moved to the genus Aquiloeurycea (Rovito et al. 2015). 61912,Pseudoeurycea tlilicxitl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,tlilicxitl,,,,,"Lara-Góngora, 2003",The taxonomic validity of this species is not certain (Wake pers. comm.). 135849,Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,miahuatlanensis,,,,,"(Meik, Smith, Canseco-Márquez & Campbell, 2006)","In the Sarcohyla ""Plectrohyla"" bistincta group. It can be differentiated from similar species by its morphology and colour pattern (Meik et al. 2006)." 51147507,Aquiloeurycea cafetalera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aquiloeurycea,cafetalera,,,,,"(Parra-Olea, Rovito, Márquez-Valdelmar, Cruz, Murrieta-Galindo & Wake, 2010)","In the Pseudoeurycea cephalica group, confused with Pseudoeurycea cephalica prior to its naming, and the sister taxon of Pseudoeurycea cephalica + Pseudoeurycea quetzalanensis according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 59373,Aquiloeurycea cephalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aquiloeurycea,cephalica,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)","This form is a complex of more than one species that needs taxonomic revision (G. Parra-Olea and D.B. Wake pers. comm.). Raffaëlli (2013) excluded Pseudoeurycea rubrimembris from this taxon, but for the purposes of this assessment it remains under this taxon until further taxonomic work can be carried out (Mexico Red List Assessment Workshop October 2019)." 196417,Leiognathus equulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Leiognathus,equulus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 50903234,Dactyloptena orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,DACTYLOPTERIDAE,Dactyloptena,orientalis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 50903247,Sorsogona prionota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sorsogona,prionota,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1873)", 54010476,Leopardus guttulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,guttulus,,,,,"Hensel, 1872","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group’s Cat Classification Task Force. Although described originally as a new species, Felis guttula Hensel, 1872, this species was commonly treated as a subspecies of Leopardus tigrinus until 2013 (Trigo et al. 2013a), when they demonstrated with a comprehensive molecular study that Leopardus tigrinus and L. guttulus are clearly distinct species. L. guttulus hybridises with L. geoffroyi in Rio Grande do Sul, which is the type locality. The holotype of L. guttulus should be investigated in order to check whether it is a hybrid. Further research is required to establish whether northwestern tigrinas comprise a third species, L. pardinoides, or even a fourth species, L. oncilla, in Costa Rica (Johnson et al. 1999, Trigo et al. 2008, Nascimento 2010). Also the distribution and morphology of L. guttulus need to be better defined. Until then L. guttulus is recognised as a monotypic species: Leopardus guttulus (Hensel 1872; 73)." 61425,Archaius tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Archaius,tigris,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","This species was transferred to the genus Calumma by Klaver and Böhme (1986) and then back to Archaius by Townsend et al. (2010). The species is found on three oceanic islands that are separated by 20-50 km of open water. It is expected that migration between islands is extremely infrequent, and that populations are divergent, possibly at the species level. These populations therefore, should be investigated in a phylogenetic framework." 54007396,Platax teira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPHIPPIDAE,Platax,teira,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 54007415,Pseudochromis dutoiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,dutoiti,,,,,"Smith, 1955",This species can be confused with Pseudochromis aldabraensis (Gill 2003). 183214,Doryrhamphus excisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryrhamphus,excisus,,,,,"Kaup, 1856","Dawson (1985) recognizes three subspecies, Doryrhamphus excisus abbreviatus (from the Red Sea), D. e. excisus (pan-Indo-Pacific), and D. e. paulus (endemic to the Revillagigedo Islands off the west coast of Mexico). In contemporary literature subspecific designations are no longer followed but as Dawson (1985) recommended more research is needed to understand the systematic status of these populations. All are treated here as subspecies of D. excisus." 48109439,Quasipaa acanthophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,acanthophora,,,,,"Dubois & Ohler, 2009", 54049436,Matobosaurus maltzahni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Matobosaurus,maltzahni,,,,,"(De Grys, 1938)", 54126285,Pseudophoxinus burduricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudophoxinus,burduricus,,,,,"Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan, 2013", 54143047,Cheirotonus jambar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Cheirotonus,jambar,,,,,"Kurosawa, 1984", 190475,Pterois miles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,miles,,,,,"(Bennett, 1828)", 50903260,Pterois russelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,russelii,,,,,"Bennett, 1831", 10074,Hippocampus jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,jayakari,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900",This species is closely related to Hippocampus histrix (Lourie et al. 2016). Molecular work is needed to confirm that this is in fact a distinct species. 132860,Psammocora stellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,stellata,,,,,"Verrill, 1868","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Verrill, 1868 to (Verrill, 1866) and change family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132862,Acropora cophodactyla,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,cophodactyla,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts." 132864,Fungia costulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,costulata,,,,,"Ortmann, 1889","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia costulata Ortmann, 1889 to Cycloseris costulata (Ortmann, 1889). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207344. C. Linardich 4Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Gittenberger and Hoeksema (2006). " 132869,Acropora florida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,florida,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 132873,Porites densa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,densa,,,,,"Vaughan, 1918", 132878,Astraeosmilia maxima,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Astraeosmilia,maxima,,,,,"(Veron Pichon & Wijsman-Best, 1977)", 132880,Pavona venosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,venosa,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 132881,Hydnophora rigida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Hydnophora,rigida,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 132883,Paragoniastrea australensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Paragoniastrea,australensis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857)", 132885,Leptoseris hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 132887,Leptoseris explanata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,explanata,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941", 132888,Acropora secale,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,secale,,,,,"(Studer, 1878)", 132895,Hydnophora pilosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Hydnophora,pilosa,,,,,"Veron, 1985", 132897,Porites eridani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,eridani,,,,,"Umbgrove, 1940", 132903,Leptoseris solida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,solida,,,,,"(Quelch, 1886)", 132904,Pavona minuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,minuta,,,,,"Wells, 1954", 132906,Acropora irregularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,irregularis,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora abrotanoides. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206993. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132911,Pavona maldivensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,maldivensis,,,,,"(Gardiner, 1905)", 132915,Siderastrea stellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Siderastrea,stellata,,,,,Verrill 1868,"{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Rhizangiidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 132916,Turbinaria irregularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,irregularis,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 132917,Gardineroseris planulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Gardineroseris,planulata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 132922,Astrea curta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Astrea,curta,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 132923,Pocillopora woodjonesi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,woodjonesi,,,,,"Vaughan, 1918", 132925,Fungia hexagonalis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,hexagonalis,,,,,"Edwards & Haine, 1848","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia hexagonalis Edwards & Haine, 1848 to Sinuorota hexagonalis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288854. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132936,Dipsastraea pallida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,pallida,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 132940,Acropora acuminata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,acuminata,,,,,(Verrill 1864), 132948,Acropora granulosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,granulosa,,,,,"(Milne Edwards, 1860)", 132954,Fungia cyclolites,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,cyclolites,,,,,"Lamarck, 1816","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia cyclolites Lamarck, 1816 to Cycloseris cyclolites (Lamarck, 1815). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207352. C. Linardich 4Jan2022

This species is now in the genus Cycloseris (Hoeksema and Cairns 2019)." 132956,Pectinia alcicornis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,alcicornis,,,,,"(Saville-Kent, 1871)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 132958,Pocillopora capitata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,capitata,,,,,"Verrill, 1864", 132960,Hydnophora grandis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Hydnophora,grandis,,,,,"Gardiner, 1904", 132965,Boninastrea boninensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Boninastrea,boninensis,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935", 132966,Acropora rambleri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,rambleri,,,,,"(Bassett-Smith, 1890)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora speciosa. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207088. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132969,Acropora listeri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,listeri,,,,,"(Brook, 1893)", 132975,Millepora tenera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,tenera,,,,,Boschma 1949,Millepora tenella is considered a synonym of this species (Randall and Cheng 1984). 132976,Acropora loripes,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,loripes,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)",Acropora lianae and Acropora rosaria are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 132978,Favites magnistellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,magnistellata,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)", 132980,Leptoria phrygia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Leptoria,phrygia,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 132983,Leptastrea bottae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LEPTASTREIDAE,Leptastrea,bottae,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Leptastreidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 132986,Fungia repanda,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,repanda,,,,,"Dana, 1846","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia repanda Dana, 1846 to Lithophyllon repanda (Dana, 1846). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207359. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 132992,Acropora humilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,humilis,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora ocellata is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 132997,Favites valenciennesii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,valenciennesii,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)", 132998,Acropora samoensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,samoensis,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)",Acropora torresiana and Acropora wallaceae are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133000,Acropora ocellata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,ocellata,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora humilis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207115. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133001,Goniopora pandoraensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,pandoraensis,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1982", 133008,Fungia spinifer,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,spinifer,,,,,"Claereboudt & Hoeksema, 1987","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia spinifer Claereboudt & Hoeksema, 1987 to Lithophyllon spinifer (Claereboudt & Hoeksema, 1987). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288858. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133013,Acropora grandis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,grandis,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)", 133016,Porites vaughani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,vaughani,,,,,"Crossland, 1952", 133020,Acropora tenuis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,tenuis,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora macrostoma and Acropora plana are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133021,Acropora microphthalma,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,microphthalma,,,,,"(Verrill, 1869)", 133023,Porites lichen,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,lichen,,,,,"Dana, 1846","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Dana, 1846 to (Dana, 1846). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133024,Merulina scabricula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Merulina,scabricula,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133025,Acropora vaughani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,vaughani,,,,,"Wells, 1954", 133028,Seriatopora caliendrum,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Seriatopora,caliendrum,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1834", 133029,Dipsastraea rotumana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,rotumana,,,,,"(Gardiner, 1899)", 133034,Fungia fragilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,fragilis,,,,,"(Hoeksema, 1989)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia fragilis (Hoeksema, 1989) to Cycloseris fragilis (Alcock, 1893). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207333. C. Linardich 4Jan2022

This species can easily be confused with other fragmenting fungiids, such as Fungia somervillei." 133038,Porites nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,nigrescens,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133041,Pavona decussata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,decussata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133043,Psammocora digitata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,digitata,,,,,Milne Edwards and Haime 1851,"{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}

Parent: Psammocora Dana, 1846Orig. name: Psammocora digitata Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851

Taxonomic characters are poorly differentiated. Incorrectly interpreted by Veron and Pichon (1976).
Taxonomic References: Benzoni, Stefani, Pichon et al. (2010);

Identification Guides: Randall and Myers (1983) as Psammocora haimiana; Veron (1986a) as Psammocora haimiana; Nishihira and Veron (1995) as Psammocora haimiana; Coles (1996) as Psammocora haimiana; Fenner (2005) as Psammocora haimiana; Turak and DeVantier (2011b);Corals of the World" 133044,Cantharellus jebbi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Cantharellus,jebbi,,,,,"Hoeksema, 1993","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133045,Pocillopora ligulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,ligulata,,,,,"Dana, 1846","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Johnston et al. (2018)." 133046,Anacropora spinosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Anacropora,spinosa,,,,,"Rehberg, 1892", 133049,Stylocoeniella guentheri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ASTROCOENIIDAE,Stylocoeniella,guentheri,,,,,"(Bassett-Smith, 1890)", 133054,Goniopora tenuidens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,tenuidens,,,,,"Quelch, 1886","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Quelch, 1886 to (Quelch, 1886). For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133055,Favites halicora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,halicora,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133058,Echinophyllia echinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinophyllia,echinata,,,,,"(Saville-Kent, 1871)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Echinophyllia echinata to Oxypora echinata and change the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287972. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133063,Polyphyllia talpina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Polyphyllia,talpina,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1801)", 133066,Montipora informis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,informis,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133070,Favites colemani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,colemani,,,,,"(Veron, 2002)", 133071,Montipora foliosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,foliosa,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 133076,Lobophyllia robusta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,robusta,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936", 133082,Porites lutea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,lutea,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851", 133083,Ctenactis albitentaculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Ctenactis,albitentaculata,,,,,"Hoeksema, 1989", 133084,Dipsastraea amicorum,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,amicorum,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)", 133087,Acropora subglabra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,subglabra,,,,,"(Brook, 1891)", 133088,Echinopora lamellosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Echinopora,lamellosa,,,,,(Esper 1791), 133090,Leptastrea purpurea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LEPTASTREIDAE,Leptastrea,purpurea,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Leptastreidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022

Leptastrea pruinosa is a junior synonym of L. purpurea (Dana, 1846) according to Arrigoni et al. (2020)." 133091,Leptoseris scabra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,scabra,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 133095,Pocillopora meandrina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,meandrina,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133097,Pocillopora danae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,danae,,,,,"Verrill, 1864","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Pocillopora verrucosa. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206963. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133098,Leptoseris papyracea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,papyracea,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133099,Pocillopora elegans,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,elegans,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133105,Porites murrayensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,murrayensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1918", 133106,Acanthastrea hillae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,hillae,,,,,"Wells, 1955","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Homophyllia bowerbanki
 (in SIS as Acanthastrea bowerbanki). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207381. C. Linardich 4Jan2022 

This species is a junior synonym of Homophyllia bowerbanki (D. Huang pers. comm. 2021, WoRMS database accessed February 2022)." 133116,Plerogyra simplex,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Plerogyra,simplex,,,,,"Rehberg, 1892","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Plerogyridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133117,Montipora lobulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,lobulata,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133127,Symphyllia valenciennesii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Symphyllia,valenciennesii,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Symphyllia valenciennesii Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 to Lobophyllia valenciennesii (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207398. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133132,Acropora aspera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,aspera,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","The Acropora aspera species complex is comprised of seven morphologically distinct species, five of which are found in sympatry on the Great Barrier Reef (Souter et al. 2010)." 133136,Dipsastraea marshae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,marshae,,,,,"(Veron, 2000)", 133137,Astreopora scabra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,scabra,,,,,"Lamberts, 1982", 133139,Isopora palifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Isopora,palifera,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","The genus Isopora was previously a subgenus, but was elevated (Wallace et al. 2007). For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Wallace et al. (2012)." 133140,Millepora exaesa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,exaesa,,,,,Forskål 1775,"Millepora tuberosa is a synonym of this species (WoRMS database accessed January 2022). For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Razak et al. (2003)." 133148,Ctenactis echinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Ctenactis,echinata,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 133156,Alveopora verrilliana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,verrilliana,,,,,"Dana, 1872","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Dana, 1872 to Dana, 1846 and the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133158,Podabacia crustacea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Podabacia,crustacea,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 133166,Halomitra pileus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Halomitra,pileus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 133167,Cyphastrea serailia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,serailia,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)", 133171,Coeloseris mayeri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Coeloseris,mayeri,,,,,"Vaughan, 1918", 133172,Echinophyllia aspera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Echinophyllia,aspera,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1788)","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Ellis & Solander, 1788) to (Ellis & Solander, 1786) and the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133175,Montipora efflorescens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,efflorescens,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133183,Fungia granulosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,granulosa,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia granulosa Klunzinger, 1879 to Pleuractis granulosa (Klunzinger, 1879). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207348. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133186,Montipora floweri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,floweri,,,,,"Wells, 1954", 133192,Oxypora glabra,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Oxypora,glabra,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1959","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Oxypora glabra Nemenzo, 1959 to Echinophyllia glabra (Nemenzo, 1959) and change the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207375. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Arrigoni et al. (2019)." 133197,Pocillopora verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,verrucosa,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)","The status of this nominal species requires further research. It has been considered a synonym of Pocillopora elegans (Reyes-Bonilla 2003) and a valid species (Reyes-Bonilla et al. 2005). It is currently considered valid (Veron et al. 2016, Hoeksema and Cairns 2019, WoRMS online database accessed January 2022). 

Pocillopora danae is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022)." 133198,Goniopora fruticosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,fruticosa,,,,,"Saville-Kent, 1893","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Saville-Kent, 1893 to Saville-Kent, 1891. For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133200,Oulophyllia crispa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Oulophyllia,crispa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133201,Fungia scutaria,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,scutaria,,,,,"Lamarck, 1801","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia scutaria Lamarck, 1801 to Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207341. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133203,Acropora tenella,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,tenella,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)", 133208,Psammocora contigua,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,contigua,,,,,Esper 1797,"{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Esper 1797 to (Esper, 1794) and the family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}

Psammocora decussata, Psammocora obtusangula and Psammocora ramosa are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022).

Variety Psammocora contigua var. pulchra Nemenzo, 1955 accepted as Psammocora contigua (Esper, 1794) (Synonymy)

Variety Psammocora contigua var. tutuilensis Hoffmeister, 1925 accepted as Psammocora contigua (Esper, 1794) (synonym)" 133209,Favites pentagona,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,pentagona,,,,,"(Esper, 1794)","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from (Esper, 1794) to (Esper, 1790). For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133214,Astreopora eliptica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,eliptica,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Astreopora myriophthalma. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430659. C. Linardich 4Jan2022

This species is not recognized by Veron (2000)." 133215,Fungia tenuis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,tenuis,,,,,"Dana, 1846","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia tenuis Dana, 1846 to Cycloseris tenuis (Dana, 1846). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288860. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Hoeksema (1989) and Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133216,Porites lobata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,lobata,,,,,"Dana, 1846",Porites baueri and Porites excavata are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133220,Montipora caliculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,caliculata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133222,Pocillopora damicornis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,damicornis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 133230,Fungia vaughani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,vaughani,,,,,"Boschma, 1923","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia vaughani Boschma, 1923 to Cycloseris vaughani (Boschma, 1923). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288861. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133231,Diploastrea heliopora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Diploastrea,heliopora,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Diploastraeidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133236,Galaxea paucisepta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Galaxea,paucisepta,,,,,"Claereboudt, 1990","Atention RLU: Please change the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133239,Acropora nasuta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,nasuta,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133240,Pavona clavus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,clavus,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133242,Pavona frondifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,frondifera,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133244,Favites flexuosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,flexuosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133246,Acanthastrea echinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,echinata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Huang et al. (2016)." 133248,Acropora robusta,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,robusta,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora nobilis and Acropora pinguis are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133250,Acropora digitifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,digitifera,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora schmitti is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133256,Euphyllia glabrescens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Euphyllia,glabrescens,,,,,"(Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821)", 133258,Plerogyra sinuosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Plerogyra,sinuosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Plerogyridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133262,Porites annae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,annae,,,,,"Crossland, 1952", 133267,Astreopora listeri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,listeri,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 133272,Pectinia paeonia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Pectinia,paeonia,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133277,Porites australiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,australiensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1918", 133284,Plesiastrea versipora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Plesiastrea,versipora,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133289,Fimbriaphyllia paraancora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Fimbriaphyllia,paraancora,,,,,"(Veron, 1990)", 133290,Favites abdita,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,abdita,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)", 133291,Acropora striata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,striata,,,,,"(Verrill, 1866)", 133292,Astreopora myriophthalma,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,myriophthalma,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)",Astreopora eliptica is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133293,Acropora valida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,valida,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora parapharaonis and Acropora variabilis are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133299,Fungia sinensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,sinensis,,,,,"Edwards & Haine, 1851","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia sinensis Edwards & Haine, 1851 to Cycloseris sinensis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288857. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133302,Astreopora gracilis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,gracilis,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 133303,Acropora lutkeni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,lutkeni,,,,,"Crossland, 1952", 133304,Lobophyllia hataii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,hataii,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Yabe & Sugiyama 1936 to Yabe, Sugiyama & Eguchi, 1936. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133305,Montipora verrilli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,verrilli,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 133308,Fungia scruposa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,scruposa,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia scruposa Klunzinger, 1879 to Danafungia scruposa (Klunzinger, 1879). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207340. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133314,Montipora aequituberculata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,aequituberculata,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133315,Acropora monticulosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,monticulosa,,,,,"(Brüggemann, 1879)", 133324,Acropora gemmifera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,gemmifera,,,,,"(Brook, 1892)",Acropora scherzeriana is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133325,Cyphastrea chalcidicum,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,chalcidicum,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133326,Acanthastrea regularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,regularis,,,,,"Veron, 2002","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Acanthastrea regularis Veron, 2002 to Micromussa regularis (Veron, 2000). For reference please see WoRMS: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288883. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133327,Acropora lovelli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,lovelli,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133329,Porites stephensoni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,stephensoni,,,,,"Crossland, 1952", 133330,Leptoseris foliosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,foliosa,,,,,"Dinesen, 1980", 133331,Millepora tuberosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,tuberosa,,,,,Boschma 1966,"{Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Millepora exaesa. Reference is WoRMS. C. Linardich 25Jan2022}
" 133332,Alveopora allingi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,allingi,,,,,"Hoffmeister, 1925","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133337,Merulina ampliata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Merulina,ampliata,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)", 133343,Favites russelli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Favites,russelli,,,,,"(Wells, 1954)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Favites russelli to Paragoniastrea russelli. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207454. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133345,Montipora tuberculosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,tuberculosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","Montipora tuberculosa (Lamarck, 1816) and Porites tuberculosus Veron, 2000 are valid and separate species (WoRMS online database accessed March 2022, B. Hoeksema pers. comm. 2022)." 133351,Leptoseris mycetoseroides,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,mycetoseroides,,,,,"Wells, 1954", 133353,Psammocora obtusangula,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,obtusangula,,,,,"Lamarck, 1816","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Psammocora contigua. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287783. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133357,Goniopora eclipsensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,eclipsensis,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1982", 133358,Porites napopora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,napopora,,,,,"Veron, 2002","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Veron, 2002 to Veron, 2000. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133360,Pavona bipartita,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,bipartita,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1979", 133364,Stylaraea punctata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Stylaraea,punctata,,,,,"Linneaus, 1758","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Linneaus, 1758 to (Linnaeus, 1758). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022} 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Kitano et al. (2014). " 133365,Goniastrea edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,edwardsi,,,,,"Chevalier, 1971", 133376,Acanthastrea ishigakiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,ishigakiensis,,,,,"Veron, 1990","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Acanthastrea ishigakiensis Veron, 1990 to Lobophyllia ishigakiensis (Veron, 1990). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288879. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133378,Goniopora somaliensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,somaliensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 133380,Madracis kirbyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Madracis,kirbyi,,,,,"Veron & Pichon, 1976","
" 133382,Pavona explanulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,explanulata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133383,Dipsastraea laddi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,laddi,,,,,"(Wells, 1954)", 133386,Acanthastrea rotundoflora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,rotundoflora,,,,,"Chevalier, 1975", 133387,Acropora globiceps,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,globiceps,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133388,Pocillopora setichelli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,setichelli,,,,,"Hoffmeister, 1929","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Pocillopora brevicornis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206967. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

This species is now considered a synonym of Pocillopora brevicornis (Marti-Puig et al. 2014, Nakajima et al. 2017)." 133390,Seriatopora hystrix,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Seriatopora,hystrix,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133393,Acropora teres,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,teres,,,,,"(Verrill, 1866)","According to the WoRMS database (accessed 5 January 2022), the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain or disputed by different experts." 133398,Pavona varians,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,varians,,,,,"Verrill, 1864", 133403,Turbinaria stellulata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,stellulata,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133406,Psammocora haimeana,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,haimeana,,,,,Milne Edwards and Haime 1851,"Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Psammocora haimeana to Psammocora haimiana and change family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207262. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

This species was synonymized with Psammocora profundacella (Benzoni et al. 2010); however, this synonymy remains uncertain (Veron et al. 2016)." 133407,Pocillopora eydouxi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Pocillopora,eydouxi,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Pocillopora grandis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206958. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133410,Pachyseris speciosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pachyseris,speciosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133414,Goniastrea pectinata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,pectinata,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133415,Anacropora puertogalerae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Anacropora,puertogalerae,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1964", 133418,Fungia concinna,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,concinna,,,,,"Verrill, 1864","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia concinna Verrill, 1864 to Lithophyllon concinna (Verrill, 1864). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207353. C. Linardich 4Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please see Hoeksema (1989) and Gittenberger et al. (2011)." 133419,Lobophyllia hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,hemprichii,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Huang et al. (2016)." 133420,Montipora grisea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,grisea,,,,,"Bernard, 1897", 133423,Fungia horrida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,horrida,,,,,"Dana, 1846","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia horrida Dana, 1846 to Danafungia horrida (Dana, 1846). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207355. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133426,Dipsastraea danai,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,danai,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857)", 133428,Coscinaraea columna,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Coscinaraea,columna,,,,,"Dana, 1846","Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Coscinaraea columna to Psammocora columna and change the family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207256. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133438,Montipora foveolata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,foveolata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133440,Platygyra pini,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,pini,,,,,"Chevalier, 1975","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133448,Goniopora columna,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,columna,,,,,"Dana, 1846","The mitochondrial genome of this species shares 93.7% with the Dendrophylliidae species, Turbinaria peltata (Shi et al. 2016)." 133451,Montipora danae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,danae,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851", 133452,Coelastrea aspera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Coelastrea,aspera,,,,,"(Verrill, 1866)", 133453,Pachyseris rugosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pachyseris,rugosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1801)", 133456,Physogyra lichtensteini,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Physogyra,lichtensteini,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Euphyllidae to Plerogyridae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133458,Hydnophora microconos,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Hydnophora,microconos,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133459,Goniopora lobata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,lobata,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Milne Edwards & Haime, 1860 to Milne Edwards, 1860. For reference please see WoRMS. C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133463,Acropora aculeus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,aculeus,,,,,(Dana 1846), 133468,Platygyra daedalea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,daedalea,,,,,"(Ellis & Solander, 1786)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133470,Micromussa amakusensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Micromussa,amakusensis,,,,,"(Veron, 1990)", 133473,Scapophyllia cylindrica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Scapophyllia,cylindrica,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Scapophyllia cylindrica Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 to Merulina cylindrica (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=291024. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133474,Symphyllia agaricia,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MUSSIDAE,Symphyllia,agaricia,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Symphyllia agaricia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 to Lobophyllia agaricia (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288082. C. Linardich 5Jan2022 

This species is readily separated from other Symphyllia in situ. Collected specimens often do not have the diagnostic two rows of columellae centres (I. Nunez pers. comm. 2022)." 133478,Hydnophora exesa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Hydnophora,exesa,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 133482,Alveopora spongiosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,spongiosa,,,,,"Dana, 1846","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022 

For additional taxonomic information, please see Cairns et al. (2009)." 133485,Astreopora randalli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Astreopora,randalli,,,,,"Lamberts, 1980", 133486,Porites horizontalata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,horizontalata,,,,,"Hoffmeister, 1925", 133491,Oulophyllia levis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Oulophyllia,levis,,,,,"(Nemenzo, 1959)", 133492,Porites rus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,rus,,,,,"Forskål, 1775","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Forskål, 1775 to (Forskål, 1775). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133493,Platygyra ryukyuensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Platygyra,ryukyuensis,,,,,"Yabe & Sugiyama, 1935", 133495,Galaxea horrescens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Galaxea,horrescens,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Atention RLU: Please change the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133496,Porites cylindrica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,cylindrica,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133502,Psammocora superficialis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,superficialis,,,,,"Gardiner, 1898","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Psammocora profundacella. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207270. C. Linardich 5Jan2022

This species was synonymized with Psammocora profundacella (Benzoni et al. 2010); however, this synonymy remains uncertain (Veron et al. 2016)." 133503,Fungia fungites,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,fungites,,,,,"(Linneaus, 1758)","For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Oku et al. (2020)." 133516,Dipsastraea truncata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,truncata,,,,,"(Veron, 2000)", 133523,Alveopora fenestrata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,fenestrata,,,,,"Lamarck, 1816","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Lamarck, 1816 to (Lamarck, 1816) and the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133525,Montipora monasteriata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,monasteriata,,,,,"(Forskäl, 1775)", 133526,Seriatopora aculeata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Seriatopora,aculeata,,,,,"Quelch, 1886", 133531,Acropora palmerae,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,palmerae,,,,,"Wells, 1954",Acropora minuta is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133532,Acropora verweyi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,verweyi,,,,,"Veron & Wallace, 1984", 133538,Herpolitha limax,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Herpolitha,limax,,,,,"Esper, 1797","Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Esper, 1797 to (Esper, 1792). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133539,Leptoseris incrustans,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,incrustans,,,,,"(Quelch, 1886)", 133545,Paraclavarina triangularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Paraclavarina,triangularis,,,,,(Veron and Pichon 1980),"Attention RLU: Please change the species name from Paraclavarina triangularis to Merulina triangularis. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=290627. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133548,Stylocoeniella armata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ASTROCOENIIDAE,Stylocoeniella,armata,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133551,Lobophyllia corymbosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Lobophyllia,corymbosa,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)", 133553,Millepora dichotoma,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,HYDROZOA,MILLEPORINA,MILLEPORIDAE,Millepora,dichotoma,,,,,Forskål 1775, 133557,Acanthastrea brevis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LOBOPHYLLIIDAE,Acanthastrea,brevis,,,,,"Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849", 133558,Pavona cactus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,cactus,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)", 133559,Mycedium elephantotus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Mycedium,elephantotus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Merulinidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 17Jan2022}" 133560,Coelastrea palauensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Coelastrea,palauensis,,,,,"(Yabe & Sugiyama, 1936)", 133566,Scolymia australis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Scolymia,australis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849)","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Scolymia australis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) to Homophyllia australis (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) and change the family from Mussidae to Lobophylliidae. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=287851. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133567,Alveopora viridis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Alveopora,viridis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1833","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Poritidae to Acroporidae according to the WoRMS online database. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133569,Dipsastraea favus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,favus,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)", 133570,Psammocora profundacella,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,profundacella,,,,,Gardiner 1898,"{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Siderastreidae to Psammocoridae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}

Psammocora superficialis is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022)." 133576,Acropora cerealis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,cerealis,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",Acropora tizardi is now a synonym of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). This species is part of a species complex (Veron et al. 2016). 133581,Pavona diffluens,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,diffluens,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133582,Oxypora crassispinosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PECTINIIDAE,Oxypora,crassispinosa,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1979","{Attention RLU: Please change the family from Pectiniidae to Lobophylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022} 

For additional taxonomic information, please refer to Arrigoni et al. (2016; 2019) and Huang et al. (2016)." 133587,Sandalolitha dentata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Sandalolitha,dentata,,,,,"Quelch, 1884", 133588,Euphyllia cristata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,EUPHYLLIDAE,Euphyllia,cristata,,,,,"Chevalier, 1971", 133593,Goniastrea stelligera,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,stelligera,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)", 133601,Dipsastraea helianthoides,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,helianthoides,,,,,"(Wells, 1954)", 133607,Goniopora minor,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,minor,,,,,"Crossland, 1952","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Goniopora pedunculata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207217. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133613,Porites solida,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,solida,,,,,"Forskål, 1775","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Forskål, 1775 to (Forskål, 1775). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 133616,Dipsastraea matthaii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,matthaii,,,,,"(Vaughan, 1918)", 133628,Cyphastrea agassizi,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,agassizi,,,,,"(Vaughan, 1907)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133633,Turbinaria mesenterina,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,mesenterina,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133634,Goniastrea retiformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Goniastrea,retiformis,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133635,Montipora venosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,venosa,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)", 133636,Leptoseris gardineri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Leptoseris,gardineri,,,,,"(van der Horst, 1922)", 133638,Dipsastraea maritima,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Dipsastraea,maritima,,,,,"(Nemenzo, 1971)", 133640,Porites monticulosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Porites,monticulosa,,,,,"Dana, 1846", 133641,Goniopora djiboutiensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,PORITIDAE,Goniopora,djiboutiensis,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907","The current morphological identification criteria for Goniopora lobata and G. djiboutiensis do not match the existing genetic boundaries, and thus, the two should be regarded as a species complex (Yasuda et al. 2021). 

The complete mitogenome sequence of Goniopora djiboutiensis is 18,765 bp in length, comprising unique 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, and two transfer RNAs genes of each, showing a typical Scleractinia pattern. New phylogenetic analysis upon complete mitogenomics revealed that G. djiboutiensis is most closely related to G. columna, with high bootstrap values (Tong et al. 2019)." 133644,Acropora formosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,formosa,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora muricata. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207036. C. Linardich 4Jan2022

There remains some confusion regarding the valid name of this nominal species. In a review of the staghorn corals, Wallace (1999) considered Acropora formosa to be a junior synonym of A. muricata. Currently, A. formosa is not valid in WoRMS (Hoeksema and Cairns 2019) or Corals of the World (Veron et al. 2016). Acropora copiosa is also considered a junior synonym of A. muricata (Hoeksema and Cairns 2020)." 133646,Montipora verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,verrucosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 133648,Cyphastrea microphthalma,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,MERULINIDAE,Cyphastrea,microphthalma,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)","Attention RLU: Please change the family from Faviidae to Merulinidae. For reference please see WoRMS. - C. Linardich 12Jan2022" 133649,Acropora abrotanoides,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,abrotanoides,,,,,(Lamarck 1816),Acropora irregularis and Acropora tutuilensis are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). 133652,Leptastrea transversa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,LEPTASTREIDAE,Leptastrea,transversa,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1879", 133658,Acropora bifurcata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,bifurcata,,,,,"Nemenzo, 1971","Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Acropora hyacinthus. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=430640. C. Linardich 4Jan2022

This species is a synonym of Acropora hyacinthus (Wallace 1999)." 133660,Isopora cuneata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Isopora,cuneata,,,,,"(Dana, 1846)",The genus Isopora was previously a subgenus but was elevated (Wallace et al. 2007). 133662,Galaxea fascicularis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Galaxea,fascicularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)","Atention RLU: Please change the family from Oculinidae to Euphylliidae. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 13Jan2022" 133666,Acropora millepora,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Acropora,millepora,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1834)","Acropora convexa and Acropora prostrata are now synonyms of this species (WoRMS accessed January 2022). This species is part of a species complex also comprising A. convexa, A. spathulata and A. prostrata sensu (Veron et al. 2016)." 133673,Fungia paumotensis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FUNGIIDAE,Fungia,paumotensis,,,,,"Stutchbury, 1833","Attention RLU: Please change the species name and taxonomic authority from Fungia paumotensis Stutchbury, 1833 to Pleuractis paumotensis (Stutchbury, 1833). For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207339. C. Linardich 4Jan2022" 133676,Psammocora vaughani,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,SIDERASTREIDAE,Psammocora,vaughani,,,,,Yabe and Sugiyama 1936,"Attention RLU: This species is now considered a synonym of Psammocora nierstraszi. For reference please see WoRMS: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207266. C. Linardich 5Jan2022" 133685,Stylophora pistillata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,POCILLOPORIDAE,Stylophora,pistillata,,,,,"Esper, 1797","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Esper, 1797 to (Esper, 1792). Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 19Jan2022}" 133697,Turbinaria reniformis,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Turbinaria,reniformis,,,,,"Bernard, 1896", 133700,Montipora hoffmeisteri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,ACROPORIDAE,Montipora,hoffmeisteri,,,,,"Wells, 1954", 133702,Pavona duerdeni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,AGARICIIDAE,Pavona,duerdeni,,,,,"Vaughan, 1907", 54312717,Odorrana macrotympana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,macrotympana,,,,,"(Yang, 2008)", 54314689,Odorrana yizhangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,yizhangensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2007",In the Odorrana schmackeri group and previously confused with O. lungshengensis (Fei et al. 2007). 54315247,Odorrana zhaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,zhaoi,,,,,"Li, Lu & Rao, 2008","This species was originally recognized as Rana margaretae by Zhao et al. 2005, but was described as its own species by Li et al. 2008 based on morphological differences." 54497,Atelopus certus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,certus,,,,,"Barbour, 1923", 54498,Atelopus chiriquiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,chiriquiensis,,,,,"Shreve, 1936", 54520,Atelopus limosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,limosus,,,,,"Ibáñez, Jaramillo & Solís, 1995", 54563,Atelopus zeteki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,zeteki,,,,,"Dunn, 1933","Molecular data and morphological, ecological, and demographic analyses suggest that the Panamanian golden frogs and their kin (the Atelopus varius-zeteki clade) are comprised of five distinct forms (Zippel et al. 2006). Additional analyses identify phenotypic and genetic differentiation consistent with proposed Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs), and support the status of Atelopus varius and Atelopus zeteki as separate species (Richards and Knowles 2007). Atelopus zeteki distribution is limited to the vicinity of El Valle de Anton and Cerro Campana." 54565,Rhinella acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,acutirostris,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","The diagnostic differences between this form and geographically proximate members of the taxon are not well documented, nor are the species' distributions.

In the 2004 and 2014 assessments, it was reported to occur in Panama however this is an error and the species does not occur in this country (R. Ibáñez pers. comm. 2019)." 54614,Incilius coniferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,coniferus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 54635,Incilius fastidiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,fastidiosus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)","The identity of a record from Limón, Costa Rica (see Savage 2002) is uncertain (Costa Rica Red List Assessment Workshop 2019)." 55832080,Incilius peripatetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,peripatetes,,,,,"(Savage, 1972)","This is a restricted concept of Incilius peripatetes following the split of the broader concept into this and Incilius majordomus (Savage et al. 2013)." 54803,Incilius epioticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,epioticus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 54875,Rhinella acrolopha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,acrolopha,,,,,"(Trueb, 1971)", 78163669,Espadarana prosoblepon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Espadarana,prosoblepon,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)", 54944,Sachatamia albomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Sachatamia,albomaculata,,,,,"(Taylor, 1949)", 54996,Teratohyla spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Teratohyla,spinosa,,,,,"(Taylor, 1949)", 55003,Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,aureoguttatum,,,,,"(Barrera-Rodriguez & Ruíz-Carranza, 1989)", 55323729,Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,colymbiphyllum,,,,,"(Taylor, 1949)","Hyalinobatrachium crybetes has been made a synonym of this species, although the Honduran subpopulation previously assigned to H. crybetes needs to be confirmed using fresh material, as it either belongs to H. colymbiphyllum or H. fleischmanni (Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid 2007)." 152260202,Hyloxalus chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,chocoensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912","Ecuadorian records have been allocated to ""Anomaloglossus"" (now Ectopoglossus) confusus (Myers and Grant 2009). 

Panamanian records have been allocated to ""Anomaglossus"" (now Ectopoglossus) isthminus and ""Anomaloglossus"" (now Ectopoglossus) astralogaster by Myers et al. (2012)." 55082,Silverstoneia flotator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,flotator,,,,,"(Dunn, 1931)",This form might be a complex of several species. 55102,Colostethus latinasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,latinasus,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)","

Since its description, the identity of this species has been debated, being frequently confused with other Central and South American dendrobatoid species (Savage 1968, Grant 2004), a confusion complicated by the loss of the type specimen (Barbour and Noble 1920, Savage 1968). As summarized in Ibáñez et al. (2017), Savage (1968) designated a female specimen (National Museum of Natural History specimen USNM 50198) collected from Cana (= Santa Cruz de Cana), Darién Province, Panama as the neotype. Grant (2004) examined museum specimens from the Serranía de Pirre that agreed with the neotype and concluded that the neotype was probably collected from the highlands above Cana. It is doubtful whether or not the lost Colombian holotype of Colostethus latinasus was conspecific with the Panamanian neotype and specimens that agree with the neotype have yet to be found in Colombia (Grant 2004).

" 55125,Colostethus panamansis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,panamansis,,,,,"(Dunn, 1933)",This species has been removed from synonymy with Colostethus inguinalis (Grant 2004). It is thought to be a complex of species and taxonomic studies are needed (Crawford et al. 2013). 55135,Colostethus pratti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,pratti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 55155,Allobates talamancae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,talamancae,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)","This species is a taxonomic complex and probably contains several cryptic species (F. Bolaños pers. comm. 2019). Some morphological data (Coloma 1995) and molecular data (Santos 2002) indicates that the Ecuadorian subpopulation might be a different species from the ones in Central America." 55173,Oophaga arborea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,arborea,,,,,"(Myers, Daly & Martínez, 1984)", 55180,Andinobates claudiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,claudiae,,,,,"(Jungfer, Lötters & Jörgens, 2000)", 55184,Andinobates fulguritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,fulguritus,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1975)", 55192,Andinobates minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,minutus,,,,,"(Shreve, 1935)", 55201,Oophaga speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,speciosa,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)", 55209,Oophaga vicentei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,vicentei,,,,,"(Jungfer, Weygoldt & Juraske, 1996)", 55227,Epipedobates maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Epipedobates,maculatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)", 55314,Duellmanohyla uranochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,uranochroa,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 55347,Gastrotheca nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,nicefori,,,,,"Gaige, 1933",This genus was moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55390,Isthmohyla angustilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,angustilineata,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55432,Isthmohyla calypsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,calypsa,,,,,"(Lips, 1996)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55462,Isthmohyla debilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,debilis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55514,Isthmohyla infucata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,infucata,,,,,"(Duellman, 2001)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). A re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of this ""subspecies"" of I. pseudopuma, strongly suggested that this taxon should be recognized as a full species based on morphological differences described by Duellman (2001). A molecular study by Faivovich et al. (2018) confirmed that the species is genetically well-distinct from I. pseudopuma and warrants its status as a full species." 55529,Isthmohyla lancasteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,lancasteri,,,,,"(Barbour, 1928)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Genetic distances and morphological characteristics suggest that more than one species might be currently combined under this name (Faivovich et al. 2018). 55561,Ecnomiohyla miliaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,miliaria,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). We follow Duellman (2001) and Savage (2002) in assigning records from Colombia and Ecuador to Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria.

Ecnomiohyla miliaria is currently a species complex which is under revision (B. Kubicki pers. comm.). 55598,Dendropsophus phlebodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,phlebodes,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1906)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55616,Isthmohyla pseudopuma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,pseudopuma,,,,,"(Günther, 1901)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55618,Boana pugnax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,pugnax,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and then to Boana (Dubois 2017). This concept is considered to be a species complex (C. Señaris pers. comm. February 2020). It is generally difficult to distinguish this species from Hypsiboas crepitans. 55636,Boana rufitela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,rufitela,,,,,"(Fouquette, 1961)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 55667,Dendropsophus subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,subocularis,,,,,"(Dunn, 1934)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55675,Isthmohyla tica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,tica,,,,,"(Starrett, 1966)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was later moved to the genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Faivovich et al. (2018) found a high genetic diversity among different specimens. It is doubtful that the subpopulations between Monteverde in Costa Rica and western Panama are the same species (A. Hertz pers. comm. June 2018). 55869,Phyllomedusa venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,venusta,,,,,"Duellman & Trueb, 1967",

In the Phyllomedusa tarsius group (Faivovich et al. 2010).

55925,Scinax altae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,altae,,,,,"(Dunn, 1933)",Scinax altae (a new combination) was recognized as a species distinct from S. staufferi by Duellman (2001). 55937,Scinax boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,boulengeri,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)", 55952,Scinax elaeochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,elaeochroa,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)",The relationship between this species and Scinax quinquefasciata needs to be investigated; they might be conspecific (K.-H. Jungfer pers. comm.). 55993,Scinax rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,rostratus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)",This is most likely a species complex. 56008,Smilisca phaeota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,phaeota,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56011,Smilisca sordida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,sordida,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)","It is not clear that records from Colombia refer to the same species as those in Central America, in part, because of the large gap in the distribution (K.-H. Jungfer pers. comm.). It is possible that this is a complex of two or three species (Federico Bolaños pers. comm.)." 56390,Pristimantis achatinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,achatinus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",Lynch and Myers (1983) discussed this species and noted that it might be composed of cryptic species recognizable on call structure. 56445,Craugastor azueroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,azueroensis,,,,,"(Savage, 1975)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56498,Craugastor catalinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,catalinae,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56535,Pristimantis cruentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cruentus,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species. 56577,Craugastor emcelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,emcelae,,,,,"(Lynch, 1985)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 88298752,Craugastor fitzingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,fitzingeri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Craugastor metriosistus [which was split from this species and C. longirostris and C. raniformis] (Ospina-Sarria et al. 2015). 56623,Craugastor gollmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,gollmeri,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56658,Diasporus hylaeformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,hylaeformis,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 56705,Strabomantis laticorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,laticorpus,,,,,"(Myers and Lynch, 1997)", 88299272,Craugastor longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,longirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Craugastor metriosistus [which was split from this species and C. fitzingeri and C. raniformis] (Ospina-Sarria et al. 2015). 56757,Craugastor melanostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,melanostictus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). Populations in Panama might belong to a different species. 56775,Craugastor monnichorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,monnichorum,,,,,"(Dunn, 1940)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith, 2005)." 56780,Pristimantis museosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,museosus,,,,,"(Ibáñez, Jaramillo and Arosemena, 1994)","Genetic analysis has revealed potential cryptic lineages within this species (Crawford et al. 2013), however, further taxonomic work is required for verification." 56811,Craugastor opimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,opimus,,,,,"(Savage and Myers, 2002)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith, 2005). The name ""biporcatus"" also has been used for Eleutherodactylus opimus, a newly described species, which occurs from central Panama to western Colombia (Savage and Myers 2002)." 56828,Pristimantis pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pardalis,,,,,"(Barbour, 1928)", 56873,Craugastor polyptychus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,polyptychus,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005) and has been separated from Eleutherodactylus bransfordii. 56895,Diasporus quidditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,quidditus,,,,,"(Lynch, 2001)","This species was described as a new species, occurring in eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia, that had been confused with Diasporus gularis and D. vocator (Lynch 2001)." 88299330,Craugastor raniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,raniformis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Craugastor metriosistus [which was split from this species and C. longirostris and C. fitzingeri] (Ospina-Sarria et al. 2015). 56901,Craugastor ranoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,ranoides,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). It was removed from the synonymy of Eleutherodactylus rugulosus (Campbell and Savage 2000). 56913,Craugastor rhyacobatrachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rhyacobatrachus,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56916,Pristimantis ridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ridens,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 56992,Craugastor talamancae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,talamancae,,,,,"(Dunn, 1931)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 57022,Craugastor underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,underwoodi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 57158,Leptodactylus poecilochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,poecilochilus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","W.R. Heyer (pers. comm.) considers that this species needs further taxonomic investigation. La Marca (1992) suggested that Leptodactylus dyptichus, currently considered to be a synonym of Leptodactylus poecilochilus, might prove to be a valid species, pending future studies." 57761,Elachistocleis panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,panamensis,,,,,"(Dunn, Trapido & Evans, 1948)", 57993,Elachistocleis pearsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,pearsei,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1914)","This species has been confused with multiple other species of Elachistocleis in the literature (Ruthven 1914, Dunn 1949, Kenny 1969, Cochran and Goin 1970, Caramaschi 2010).

Specimens from Panama are assignable to this taxon (de Sá et al. 2012, Panama Red List Assessment Workshop. August 2019)." 58161,Pipa myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pipa,myersi,,,,,"Trueb, 1984",Records from Colombia required taxonomic verification (B. Gratwicke pers. comm. May 2018). 58746,Lithobates vibicarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,vibicarius,,,,,"(Cope, 1894)", 59139,Bolitoglossa anthracina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,anthracina,,,,,"Brame, Savage, Wake & Hanken, 2001", 59140,Bolitoglossa biseriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,biseriata,,,,,"Tanner, 1962",This is most likely a species complex (Batista et al. 2014; D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2017). 59151,Bolitoglossa cuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,cuna,,,,,"Wake, Brame & Duellman, 1973","The taxonomic status of this species is not clear. Genetic analysis suggests that this species may be conspecific with Bolitoglossa biseriata, however, further work is required for verification (A. Batista pers. comm. August 2019)." 59177,Bolitoglossa marmorea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,marmorea,,,,,"(Tanner & Brame, 1961)","There may be more than one distinct species within this taxon, but this needs to be verified through taxonomic research (Hertz 2015, Panama Red List Assessment Workshop September 2019)." 59178,Bolitoglossa medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,medemi,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1972","It is not clear that all the Panamanian and the Colombian subpopulations belong to the same species, and the subpopulations from Comarca Guna Yala may belong to an undescribed species but taxonomic work is required and it is retained in this concept until that time (Panama Red List Assessment Workshop August 2019). Even within Colombia there might be several species within this concept." 59181,Bolitoglossa minutula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,minutula,,,,,"Wake, Brame & Duellman, 1973","It is possible that this species is a complex, with at least three distinct species in Panama (Hertz 2015)." 59200,Bolitoglossa robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,robusta,,,,,"(Cope, 1894)", 59205,Bolitoglossa schizodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,schizodactyla,,,,,"Wake & Brame, 1966", 59214,Bolitoglossa taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,taylori,,,,,"Wake, Brame & Myers, 1970", 59305,Oedipina alfaroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,alfaroi,,,,,"Dunn, 1921", 59306,Oedipina alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,alleni,,,,,"Taylor, 1954", 59309,Oedipina collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,collaris,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1907)",It is not clear that the specimens from each of the recorded localities actually belong to the same species (David Wake pers. comm.). 59310,Oedipina complex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,complex,,,,,"(Dunn, 1924)",This form is a complex consisting of several species (D. Wake pers. comm.). 175514743,Oedipina cyclocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,cyclocauda,,,,,"Taylor, 1952", 59314,Oedipina gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,gracilis,,,,,"Taylor, 1952", 59315,Oedipina grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,grandis,,,,,"Brame & Duellman, 1970", 59317,Oedipina maritima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,maritima,,,,,"García-París & Wake, 2000", 59318,Oedipina pacificensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,pacificensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1952", 59319,Oedipina parvipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,parvipes,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)", 59518,Caecilia leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,leucocephala,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59521,Caecilia nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,nigricans,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59533,Caecilia volcani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,volcani,,,,,"Taylor, 1969", 59544,Dermophis gracilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Dermophis,gracilior,,,,,"Günther, 1902",This species was removed from the synonymy of Dermophis mexicanus by Savage and Wake (2001). 59548,Dermophis parviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Dermophis,parviceps,,,,,"(Dunn, 1924)",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59562,Gymnopis multiplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Gymnopis,multiplicata,,,,,"Peters, 1874",It is uncertain that all populations within its range are conspecific. 59579,Oscaecilia elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,elongata,,,,,"(Dunn, 1942)","There is a specimen identified as Oscaecilia elongata from Azuay Giron in Ecuador, however, its affinities are questionable (M. Wake pers. comm. 2007)." 59583,Oscaecilia ochrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,ochrocephala,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 61750,Incilius aucoinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,aucoinae,,,,,"(O'Neill & Mendelson, 2004)",This species was previously identified as Incilius melanochlorus (O'Neill and Mendelson 2004). 61758,Incilius signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,signifer,,,,,"(Mendelson, Williams, Sheil and Mulcahy, 2005)",This species was separated from Incilius coccifer by Mendelson et al. (2005). 61804,Craugastor tabasarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,tabasarae,,,,,"(Savage, Hollingsworth, Lips & Jaslow, 2004)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 61816,Pristimantis pirrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pirrensis,,,,,"(Ibáñez & Crawford, 2004)", 61896,Bolitoglossa copia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,copia,,,,,"Wake, Hanken and Ibáñez, 2005", 61898,Bolitoglossa magnifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,magnifica,,,,,"Hanken, Wake & Savage, 2005","This species was described from specimens that were earlier provisionally assigned to Bolitoglossa nigrescens (Hanken, Wake and Savage 2005)." 136079,Leptodactylus savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,savagei,,,,,"Heyer, 2005",Separated from Leptodactylus pentadactylus following Heyer (2005). 85341796,Ecnomiohyla rabborum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,rabborum,,,,,"Mendelson, Savage, Griffith, Ross, Kubicki & Gagliardo, 2008",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Ecnomiohyla veraguensis. 3172,Incilius periglenes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,periglenes,,,,,"(Savage, 1967)", 54360,Cryptotriton monzoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Cryptotriton,monzoni,,,,,"(Campbell & Smith, 1998)", 54486,Rhinella chrysophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,chrysophora,,,,,"(McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1989)",There is an ongoing debate on the genus placement of this species (J. Townsend pers. comm. March 2019). 54549,Atelopus senex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,senex,,,,,"Taylor, 1952", 54601,Incilius campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,campbelli,,,,,"(Mendelson, 1994)",Research is required to evaluate the relationship between this species and Incilius leucomyos to determine whether they are distinct (J. Townsend pers. comm. March 2019). 54664,Incilius holdridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,holdridgei,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)", 54667,Incilius ibarrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,ibarrai,,,,,"(Stuart, 1954)", 54690,Incilius leucomyos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,leucomyos,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 2000)", 54705,Incilius melanochlorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,melanochlorus,,,,,"(Cope, 1877)","Pacific slope populations have recently been described as a separate species, Incilius aucoinae (O'Neill and Mendelson 2004). However, records of I. melanochlorus from the Pacific slope remain, and these need further investigation to confirm their identity (F. Bolaños and G. Chaves pers. comm.)." 55037,Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,vireovittatum,,,,,"(Starrett & Savage, 1973)","This taxon may be a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium talamancae, and further studies are needed to resolve this (B. Kubicki pers. comm.)." 55294,Agalychnis saltator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,saltator,,,,,"Taylor, 1955", 55310,Duellmanohyla rufioculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,rufioculis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)", 55311,Duellmanohyla salvavida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,salvavida,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson,1986)", 55416,Dryophytes bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,bocourti,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1899)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55435,Exerodonta catracha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,catracha,,,,,"(Porras and Wilson, 1987)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). Faivovich et al. (2018) discussed the tentative nature of the assignment of this species to Exerodonta, and the generic assignment is currently under revision (J. Townsend pers. comm. March 2019)." 55465,Ptychohyla dendrophasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,dendrophasma,,,,,"(Campbell, Smith & Acevedo, 2000)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the genus Ptychohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55516,Isthmohyla insolita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,insolita,,,,,"(McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1993)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55562,Ecnomiohyla minera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,minera,,,,,"(Wilson, McCranie & Williams, 1985)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55595,Exerodonta perkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Exerodonta,perkinsi,,,,,"(Campbell & Brodie, 1992)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Exerodonta (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55603,Isthmohyla pictipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,pictipes,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was subsequently moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55697,Isthmohyla xanthosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,xanthosticta,,,,,"(Duellman, 1968)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Additional specimens are needed to better determine the validity of this species (F. Bolaños pers. comm. September 2019). 55872,Plectrohyla chrysopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,chrysopleura,,,,,"Wilson, McCranie & Cruz, 1994", 55874,Plectrohyla exquisita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,exquisita,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1998", 55875,Plectrohyla glandulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,glandulosa,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)","The form occurring in El Salvador and Honduras is considered a separate species, Plectrohyla psiloderma (McCranie and Wilson 1999a)." 55881,Plectrohyla pokomchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,pokomchi,,,,,"Duellman & Campbell, 1984",Juvenile specimens collected from the eastern part of the Sierra de las Minas (MVZ collection) are not thought to belong to this species (J. Campbell pers. comm. August 2019). 55882,Plectrohyla psiloderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,psiloderma,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1999", 55884,Plectrohyla quecchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,quecchi,,,,,"Stuart, 1942", 55886,Plectrohyla tecunumani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,tecunumani,,,,,"Duellman & Campbell, 1984", 55887,Plectrohyla teuchestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,teuchestes,,,,,"Duellman & Campbell, 1992",The forms that occur in Honduras have been separated to form the species Plectrohyla exquisita (McCranie and Wilson 1998). 55914,Ptychohyla macrotympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,macrotympanum,,,,,"Campbell & Smith, 1992",This species was removed from synonymy of Ptychohyla euthysanota by Campbell and Smith (1992). 55915,Atlantihyla panchoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Atlantihyla,panchoi,,,,,"(Duellman & Campbell, 1982)",Genus change from Ptychohyla to Atlantihyla (Faivovich et al. 2018). 55916,Ptychohyla salvadorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,salvadorensis,,,,,"(Mertens,1952)", 55917,Quilticohyla sanctaecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Quilticohyla,sanctaecrucis,,,,,"(Campbell & Smith, 1992)",Genus change from Ptychohyla to Quilticohyla (Faivovich et al. 2018). 55918,Atlantihyla spinipollex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Atlantihyla,spinipollex,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)",The use of this name has been clarified by McCranie and Wilson (1993). This species has been moved from Ptychohyla to Atlantihyla (Faivovich et al. 2018). 56009,Smilisca puma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,puma,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 56396,Craugastor adamastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,adamastus,,,,,"(Campbell, 1994)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56413,Craugastor anciano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,anciano,,,,,"(Savage, McCranie & Wilson, 1988)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56414,Craugastor andi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,andi,,,,,"(Savage, 1974)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56418,Craugastor angelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,angelicus,,,,,"(Savage, 1975)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56426,Craugastor aphanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,aphanus,,,,,"(Campbell, 1994)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56468,Craugastor bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,bocourti,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56504,Craugastor chac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,chac,,,,,"(Savage, 1987)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56537,Craugastor cruzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,cruzi,,,,,"(McCranie, Savage & Wilson, 1989)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56540,Craugastor cuaquero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,cuaquero,,,,,"(Savage, 1980)","This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). The systematic status of Craugastor cuaquero remains somewhat unclear, and it is possible that this may not represent a valid species (F. Bolaños pers. comm.)." 56550,Craugastor daryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,daryi,,,,,"(Ford & Savage, 1984)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56579,Craugastor emleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,emleni,,,,,"(Dunn & Emlen, 1932)", 56582,Craugastor epochthidius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,epochthidius,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 1997)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56588,Craugastor escoces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,escoces,,,,,"(Savage, 1975)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56603,Craugastor fleischmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,fleischmanni,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56665,Craugastor inachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,inachus,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56697,Craugastor laevissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,laevissimus,,,,,"(Werner, 1896)", 56707,Craugastor lauraster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,lauraster,,,,,"(Savage, McCranie & Espinal, 1996)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56761,Craugastor merendonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,merendonensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1933)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56765,Craugastor milesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,milesi,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1933)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56766,Craugastor mimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,mimus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1955)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56782,Craugastor myllomyllon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,myllomyllon,,,,,"(Savage, 2000)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). There is some doubt as to the correctness of the locality data associated with the specimen and there might also be taxonomic problems with this species (J. Savage pers. comm.). 56807,Craugastor olanchano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,olanchano,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 1999)", 56810,Craugastor omoaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,omoaensis,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 1997)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56838,Craugastor pechorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,pechorum,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 1999)", 56847,Craugastor persimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,persimilis,,,,,"(Barbour, 1926)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). It was separated from Eleutherodactylus bransfordii by Savage (2002). 56853,Craugastor phasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,phasma,,,,,"(Lips & Savage, 1996)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). Additional taxonomic work is needed to decisively confirm the validity of this species (F. Bolaños pers. comm.). 56864,Eleutherodactylus planirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,planirostris,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56882,Craugastor psephosypharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,psephosypharus,,,,,"(Campbell, Savage & Meyer, 1994)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56902,Craugastor rayo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rayo,,,,,"(Savage & DeWeese, 1979)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). Further taxonomic studies are needed to confirm the validity of this species (F. Bolaños pers. comm.) 56921,Craugastor rivulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rivulus,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)", 143844255,Craugastor rostralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,rostralis,,,,,"(Werner, 1896)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Craugastor gutschei (McCranie 2018). 56940,Craugastor sabrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,sabrinus,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56942,Craugastor saltuarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,saltuarius,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 1997)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56946,Craugastor sandersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,sandersoni,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1941)", 56976,Craugastor stadelmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,stadelmani,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 57007,Diasporus tigrillo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,tigrillo,,,,,"(Savage, 1997)", 57013,Craugastor trachydermus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,trachydermus,,,,,"(Campbell, 1994)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 57166,Leptodactylus silvanimbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,silvanimbus,,,,,"McCranie, Wilson & Porras,1980", 58630,Lithobates juliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,juliani,,,,,"(Hillis & de Sa, 1988)", 58653,Lithobates macroglossa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,macroglossa,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1877)",This species requires taxonomic revision (M. Acevedo pers. comm. August 2019). 58664,Lithobates miadis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,miadis,,,,,"(Barbour & Loveridge, 1929)", 59138,Bolitoglossa alvaradoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,alvaradoi,,,,,"Taylor, 1954", 59143,Bolitoglossa carri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,carri,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1993", 170622240,Bolitoglossa celaque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,celaque,,,,," McCranie & Wilson, 1993", 59145,Bolitoglossa cerroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,cerroensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)", 59149,Bolitoglossa conanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,conanti,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1993", 59150,Bolitoglossa cuchumatana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,cuchumatana,,,,,"(Stuart, 1943)",The subpopulations from the Sierra de Chuacus may represent a distinct species of uncertain taxonomic affinity (S. Rovito pers. comm. 2007). 59152,Bolitoglossa decora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,decora,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1997", 59153,Bolitoglossa diaphora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,diaphora,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1995", 59156,Bolitoglossa dofleini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,dofleini,,,,,"(Werner, 1903)", 59159,Bolitoglossa epimela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,epimela,,,,,"Wake & Brame, 1963","There are considerable taxonomic problems with this species. The systematic status of the subpopulation from Tapantí needs to be resolved (F. Bolaños pers. comm. 2007, 2019)." 59164,Bolitoglossa gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,gracilis,,,,,"Bolaños, Robinson & Wake, 1987", 59167,Bolitoglossa helmrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,helmrichi,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)","Specimens obtained from Finca Planada de Margot on the eastern side of the Sierra de Las Minas were previously reported to all represent B. helmrichi, but have now been determined to represent both B. helmrichi and B. zacapensis (Rovito et al. 2010)." 59171,Bolitoglossa jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,jacksoni,,,,,"Elias, 1984", 59174,Bolitoglossa longissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,longissima,,,,,"McCranie & Cruz-Díaz, 1996", 77347607,Bolitoglossa meliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,meliana,,,,,"Wake & Lynch, 1982",This is a restricted concept of Bolitoglossa meliana following the split of the broader concept into this and B. tenebrosa (Vázquez-Almazán and Rovito 2014). 59182,Bolitoglossa mombachoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,mombachoensis,,,,,"Köhler & McCranie, 1999",This species was originally confused with Bolitoglossa striatula. 59186,Bolitoglossa nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,nigrescens,,,,,"(Taylor, 1949)","Subpopulations in south-east Costa Rica and north-west Panama have been separated as Bolitoglossa sombra and B. magnifica (Hanken et al. 2005). However, this species and B. sombra appear to be genetically similar and may actually represent the same species (E. Arias pers. comm. September 2019)." 59194,Bolitoglossa pesrubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,pesrubra,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)","This form was formerly considered to be part of Bolitoglossa subpalmata, but has since been removed from synonymy (Savage 2002). Several species might still be involved in what is now considered B. pesrubra." 59197,Bolitoglossa porrasorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,porrasorum,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1995","The taxonomy of this species is currently under revision, and it is likely that the distribution of this species will be restricted in the future (Townsend et al. in review March 2019)." 59203,Bolitoglossa salvinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,salvinii,,,,,"(Gray, 1868)", 59208,Bolitoglossa sooyorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,sooyorum,,,,,"Vial, 1963", 59212,Bolitoglossa subpalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,subpalmata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)","As assessed here, this taxon is restricted to northern Costa Rica (Savage 2000). It is possible that the southwest subpopulation may be described as a new species (F. Bolaños pers. comm.)." 59213,Bolitoglossa synoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,synoria,,,,,"McCranie & Köhler, 1999", 59220,Bradytriton silus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bradytriton,silus,,,,,"Wake & Elias, 1983", 89183465,Cryptotriton veraepacis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Cryptotriton,veraepacis,,,,,"(Lynch & Wake, 1978)","Cryptotriton xucaneborum was confused with this species prior to its naming. This is a restricted concept following the recognition of Cryptotriton xucaneborum as a separate species, thereby removing localities within the Sierra de Xucaneb (Rovito et al. 2015)." 59237,Dendrotriton bromeliacius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,bromeliacius,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)", 59238,Dendrotriton cuchumatanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,cuchumatanus,,,,,"(Lynch & Wake, 1975)", 59240,Dendrotriton rabbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,rabbi,,,,,"(Lynch & Wake, 1975)","Both Dendrotriton chujorum and Dendrotriton kekchiorum were included within Dendrotriton rabbi in the past; however, this species is now considered to be restricted to Montañas de Cuilco (Campbell et al. 2010). There may be an undescribed species within this species concept (C. Vásquez Almazán pers. comm. August 2019)." 59241,Dendrotriton sanctibarbarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,sanctibarbarus,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 1997)", 59292,Nototriton abscondens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,abscondens,,,,,"(Taylor, 1948)", 149844113,Nototriton barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,barbouri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Nototriton nelsoni and N. oreadorum (Townsend 2016)." 59294,Nototriton gamezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,gamezi,,,,,"García-París & Wake, 2000","The eastern subpopulations (e.g., San Ramon) are taxonomically uncertain (B. Kubicki and E. Arias pers. comm. September 2019)." 59295,Nototriton guanacaste,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,guanacaste,,,,,"Good & Wake, 1993", 59296,Nototriton lignicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,lignicola,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1997", 59297,Nototriton limnospectator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,limnospectator,,,,,"McCranie, Wilson & Polisar, 1998", 59298,Nototriton major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,major,,,,,"Good & Wake, 1993", 59299,Nototriton picadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,picadoi,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1911)",Genetic analysis suggests that Nototriton matama and N. major may be conspecific with this species (B. Kubicki and E. Arias pers. comm. September 2019). 59300,Nototriton richardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,richardi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1949)", 59301,Nototriton saslaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,saslaya,,,,,"Köhler, 2002", 59302,Nototriton stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,stuarti,,,,,"Wake & Campbell, 2000", 59303,Nototriton tapanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,tapanti,,,,,"Good & Wake, 1993", 59307,Oedipina altura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,altura,,,,,"Brame, 1968", 59308,Oedipina carablanca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,carablanca,,,,,"Brame, 1968", 59316,Oedipina ignea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,ignea,,,,,"Stuart, 1952",The taxonomy of this species is confused (Wake pers. comm.). The Brodie et al. (2012) descriptions of Oedipina chortiorum and O. tzutujilorum from Guatemala calls into question the identity of the Honduran salamanders previously identified as O. ignea. There appear to be discrete differences between the salamanders from mesic broadleaf forest in Ocotepeque and those from open pine forests in Intibucá and La Paz (McCranie pers. obs.). Further morphological and genetic study of the Guatemalan topotypic O. chortiorum and those of the Honduran Intibucá and La Paz subpopulations (ca. O. ignea) would likely reveal that either the Ocotepeque subpopulations or those from Intibucá and La Paz need a new name. Another nominal form to consider in this problem is the Brodie et al. (2012) description of O. tzutujilorum from a mesic broadleaf forest on the Pacific versant of Guatemala (McCranie 2015). 59320,Oedipina paucidentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,paucidentata,,,,,"Brame, 1968", 59321,Oedipina poelzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,poelzi,,,,,"Brame, 1963", 59324,Oedipina stenopodia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,stenopodia,,,,,"Brodie & Campbell, 1993", 113887668,Oedipina stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,stuarti,,,,,"Brame, 1968","This is a restricted concept of Oedipina stuarti following the split of the broader concept into this and Oedipina capitalina (Solís et al. 2016)." 59376,Pseudoeurycea exspectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,exspectata,,,,,"Stuart, 1954", 59542,Dermophis costaricense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Dermophis,costaricense,,,,,"Taylor, 1955",This species was resurrected from synonymy of Dermophis mexicanus by Savage and Wake (2001). Its taxonomic status is unclear. 59563,Gymnopis syntrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,DERMOPHIIDAE,Gymnopis,syntrema,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)","The taxonomic relationship between the populations in Belize and Guatemala needs to be examined, as does the affinity of the species (M. Wake pers. comm. 2007)." 59584,Oscaecilia osae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,osae,,,,,"Lahanas & Savage, 1992", 61757,Incilius porteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,porteri,,,,,"(Mendelson, Williams, Sheil & Mulcahy, 2005)","This species has been separated from Incilius coccifer by Mendelson et al. (2005), although McCranie and Wilson (2002) dispute this." 61802,Craugastor campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,campbelli,,,,,"(Smith, 2005)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 61803,Craugastor nefrens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,nefrens,,,,,"(Smith, 2005)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 61897,Bolitoglossa heiroreias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,heiroreias,,,,,"Greenbaum, 2004", 61899,Bolitoglossa obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,obscura,,,,,"Hanken, Wake & Savage, 2005",This species was described from specimens that were earlier provisionally assigned to Bolitoglossa nigrescens (Hanken et al. 2005). 61900,Bolitoglossa oresbia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,oresbia,,,,,"McCranie, Espinal & Wilson, 2005", 61901,Bolitoglossa sombra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,sombra,,,,,"Hanken, Wake & Savage, 2005",This species was described from specimens that were earlier provisionally assigned to Bolitoglossa nigrescens (Hanken et al. 2005). This taxon is similar to B. nigresens and B. obscura and further studies are needed to fully resolve the taxonomy of this species (E. Arias pers. comm. September 2019). 135768,Incilius guanacaste,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,guanacaste,,,,,"(Vaughan & Mendelson, 2007)",Recently separated from Crepidophryne epiotica by Vaughn and Mendelson (2007). 135784,Craugastor chingopetaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,chingopetaca,,,,,"Köhler & Sunyer, 2006",Craugastor chingopetaca can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features (Köhler and Sunyer 2006). 136005,Bolitoglossa tica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,tica,,,,,"García-París, Parra-Olea & Wake, 2008",Recently recognized as a distinct member of the Bolitoglossa subpalmata complex (García-París et al. 2000; García-París et al. 2008). 136010,Oedipina tomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,tomasi,,,,,"McCranie, 2006", 136078,Incilius chompipe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,chompipe,,,,,"(Vaughan & Mendelson, 2007)",Separated from Crepidophryne epiotica by Vaughn and Mendelson (2007).

Further taxonomic studies are needed to better understand the relationship between this species and Incilius epioticus (F. Bolaños pers. comm.). 136148,Bromeliohyla melacaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bromeliohyla,melacaena,,,,,"(McCranie & Castañeda, 2006)", 186064,Atelopus chirripoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,chirripoensis,,,,,"Savage & Bolaños, 2009", 186065,Diasporus ventrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,ventrimaculatus,,,,,"Chaves, García-Rodríguez, Mora & Leal, 2009", 190988,Cryptotriton sierraminensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Cryptotriton,sierraminensis,,,,,"Vásquez-Almazán, Rovito, Good & Wake, 2009",This species represents a population previously assigned to Cryptotriton veraepacis (Vásquez Almazán et al. 2009). 194311,Dendrotriton kekchiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,kekchiorum,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010","Subpopulations that are now recognized as belonging to Dendrotriton chujorum and Dendrotriton kekchiorum were formerly considered as part of Dendrotriton rabbi in the past, a species now considered to be restricted to Montañas de Cuilco (Campbell et al. 2010)." 194323,Bolitoglossa suchitanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,suchitanensis,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 18435628,Bolitoglossa indio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,indio,,,,,"Sunyer, Lotzkat, Hertz, Wake, Aléman, Robleto & Köhler, 2008", 18435631,Bolitoglossa insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,insularis,,,,,"Sunyer, Lotzkat, Hertz, Wake, Aléman, Robleto & Köhler, 2008", 50926599,Bolitoglossa kamuk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,kamuk,,,,,"Boza-Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García-Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños & Wake, 2012", 51147467,Oedipina tzutujilorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,tzutujilorum,,,,,"Brodie, Acevedo & Campbell, 2012","Likely previously confused with Oedipina taylori, according to the original publication (Brodie et al. 2012)." 174144,Bothrops lojanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,lojanus,,,,,"Parker, 1930","Recently-discovered museum specimens from Peru exhibit minor differences in scalation from typical Ecuadorian Bothrops lojanus. These do not correspond to diagnostic characters identified in the original description of B. lojanus, and ""in the absence of additional information"" Carrasco et al. (2016) opin that these do not warrant the recognition of Peruvian specimens as a different species. These authors did not however conduct any integrative analysis to demonstrate that the Peruvian and Ecuadorian populations are conspecific, and multiple biogeographic barriers within the intervening area - and the trans-Andean distribution the Peruvian records imply - suggests that while they are closely-related they may not belong to the same species (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2019)." 176360,Atractus roulei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,roulei,,,,,"Despax, 1910", 177554,Sibon dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,dunni,,,,,"Peters, 1957", 178237,Riama stigmatoral,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,stigmatoral,,,,,"(Kizirian, 1996)", 178306,Stenocercus festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,festae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1897)", 178630,Riama balneator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,balneator,,,,,"(Kizirian, 1996)", 178645,Macropholidus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Macropholidus,annectens,,,,,"(Parker, 1930)", 178672,Riama oculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,oculata,,,,,"(O' Shaughnessy, 1879)", 178690,Stenocercus haenschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,haenschi,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 178746,Riama petrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,petrorum,,,,,"(Kizirian, 1996)", 190539,Pseudalsophis hoodensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudalsophis,hoodensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1912)", 190542,Pseudalsophis steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudalsophis,steindachneri,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1912)",Based on patterns of endemism found among other reptiles it is hypothesized that populations from Santiago may not be conspecific with those from Santa Cruz (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2017). Analysis to clarify this issue is planned as part of wide-ranging research on Galápagos snakes to be conducted in 2017 (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2017). 190543,Pseudalsophis slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudalsophis,slevini,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1912)","Maximum likelihood analysis of a combined morphological and allozyme dataset confirmed that, as suggested by Thomas (1997), Pseudalsophis slevini sensu stricto is endemic to Pinzon island and is more closely-related to P. steindachneri than to populations from the  western islands Fernandina, Isabella and Tortuga (Zaher et al. 2018). Zaher et al. (2018) described the western form as the new species P. darwini." 50950871,Mastigodryas reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,reticulatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 50951164,Atractus touzeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,touzeti,,,,,"Schargel, Lamar, Passos, Valcenia, Cisneros-Heredia & Campbell, 2013", 54985,Cochranella resplendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,resplendens,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 48836207,Phrynocephalus saidalievi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,saidalievi,,,,,"Sattorov, 1981","Jeremčenko and Panilov (1999) elevated Phrynocephalus helioscopus saidalievi to specific rank, and this has subsequently been followed by Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008) and Solovyeya et al. (2014). While Solovyeva et al. (2011) considered this action premature, the lead author's later molecular work concluded that ""Genetic isolation of Ph. h. saidalievi from other subspecies is considerable (p = 9.53%– 10.29%) and comparable with the species level of differentiation"" (Solovyeva et al. 2014). The subspecies P. s. takirnoy has been described from northern Tajikistan; its validity is unclear and has apparently rarely been referenced in literature." 178235,Altiphylax levitoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Altiphylax,levitoni,,,,,"(Golubev & Szczerbak, 1979)",Wagner et al. (2016) assign specimens previously attributed to Alsophylax pipiens from Afghanistan to A. levitoni; consequently A. pipiens is no longer considered to occur in Afghanistan. 54498245,Crossobamon orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Crossobamon,orientalis,,,,,"(Blanford, 1876)",


54506205,Cyrtodactylus markuscombaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,markuscombaii,,,,,"(Darevsky, Helfenberger, Orlov & Shah, 1998)",This species was named after Markus Comba whose financial and organizing support was very important for the expedition that helped discover this species. 54507144,Cyrtodactylus martinstolli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,martinstolli,,,,,"(Darevsky, Helfenberger, Orlov & Shah, 1998)", 54507377,Cyrtodactylus nepalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,nepalensis,,,,,"(Schleich & Kästle, 1998)", 54507769,Cyrtodactylus tibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tibetanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 54507835,Cyrtodactylus zhaoermii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,zhaoermii,,,,,"Shi & Zhao, 2010", 54537052,Cyrtopodion belaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,belaense,,,,,"Nazarov, Ananjeva & Papenfuss, 2011", 54553835,Mediodactylus dehakroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,dehakroensis,,,,,"(Masroor, 2009)",This species is possibly conspecific with Mediodactylus sagittifer and if so the concept of that taxon will change and it will require reassessment. Bauer et al. (2013) keep it separate as a valid species. 54573089,Tenuidactylus bogdanovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,bogdanovi,,,,,"Nazarov & Poyarkov, 2013", 54586397,Cyrtodactylus adorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,adorus,,,,,"Shea, Couper, Wilmer & Amey, 2011", 54586427,Cyrtodactylus aequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,aequalis,,,,,"Bauer, 2003", 54586549,Cyrtodactylus angularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,angularis,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)", 54586636,Cyrtodactylus astrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,astrum,,,,,"Grismer, Wood Jr, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012", 54586647,Cyrtodactylus aurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,aurensis,,,,,"Grismer, 2005", 54586669,Cyrtodactylus auribalteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,auribalteatus,,,,,"Sumontha, Panitvong & Deein, 2010", 54586685,Cyrtodactylus australotitiwangsaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,australotitiwangsaensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood Jr, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012", 54586696,Cyrtodactylus badenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,badenensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky, 2007", 54586746,Gymnodactylus amarali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gymnodactylus,amarali,,,,,"Barbour, 1925", 54586776,Gymnodactylus darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gymnodactylus,darwinii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",Acredita tratar-se de um complexo de espécies (Pellegrino et al. 2005). 54586817,Gymnodactylus geckoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gymnodactylus,geckoides,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 54586865,Gymnodactylus guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gymnodactylus,guttulatus,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1982", 54586903,Gymnodactylus vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gymnodactylus,vanzolinii,,,,,"Cassimiro & Rodrigues, 2009", 54586707,Cyrtodactylus baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,baluensis,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)", 54587019,Cyrtodactylus batik,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,batik,,,,,"Iskandar, Rachmansah & Umilaela, 2011", 54587036,Cyrtodactylus batucolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,batucolus,,,,,"Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood & Belabut, 2008", 54587054,Cyrtodactylus bichnganae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bichnganae,,,,,"Tri & Grismer, 2010", 54587093,Cyrtodactylus bintangrendah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bintangrendah,,,,,"Grismer, Wood Jr, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012",Records of the species from the Lenggong Valley have been recognized as the distinct species Cyrtodactylus lenggongensis (Grismer et al 2016). 54587109,Cyrtodactylus bintangtinggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bintangtinggi,,,,,"Grismer, Wood Jr, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012", 54587125,Cyrtodactylus brevipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,brevipalmatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1923)", 54587172,Cyrtodactylus buchardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,buchardi,,,,,"David, Teynié & Ohler, 2004","This species was described from a single juvenile specimen, and consequently further taxonomic review of this species is needed (B. Stuart pers. comm. 2017)." 54587180,Cyrtodactylus bugiamapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bugiamapensis,,,,,"Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler, 2012", 58667,Humerana miopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Humerana,miopus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)", 48269124,Crocidura mindorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,mindorus,,,,,"Miller, 1910", 10056,Hippocampus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,capensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900","Mkare et al. (2017) found that genetic admixture between estuaries was high, and recommend recognizing the subpopulations from the three estuaries as a single Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU)." 10057,Hippocampus abdominalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,abdominalis,,,,,"Lesson, 1827","Hippocampus abdominalis was first described from New Zealand and there is a question as to whether specimens from Australia represent the same species. Studies that have addressed this question do not support the existence of multiple species based on morphological, meristic, and genetic data (357 bp, cyt b) and show more variation within populations than among populations (Armstrong 2001, Lourie et al. 2016). There is some genetic divergence between Australian and New Zealand populations (814bp cytb, 624bp CO1, 404bp CR, plus four microsatellite loci), however, the level of divergence is low (1.4–1.7%, Nickel and Cursons 2012). Divergence within New Zealand is 0.7–2.2% without any clear geographical structure (Nickel 2009; Nickel and Cursons 2012). The name H. abdominalis takes precedence with H. agnesae and H. bleekeri being treated as synonyms. Hippocampus graciliformis is a juvenile specimen of H. abdominalis and therefore is also synonymized." 10060,Hippocampus bargibanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,bargibanti,,,,,"Whitley, 1970", 10063,Hippocampus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,breviceps,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 10065,Hippocampus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,coronatus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1850",The name H. coronatus has often been applied to H. sindonis in the past. Morphometric (Lourie et al. 1999) and genetic (Mukai et al. 2000) research suggest that these two are not the same species. Mukai et al.’s (2000) data also suggest that H. coronatus is distinct from H. mohnikei. 10070,Hippocampus histrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,histrix,,,,,"Kaup, 1856","The wide geographic range of H. histrix (from east Africa to Japan) warrants further investigation, as Song and Mabuchi (2014) suggest that the genetic distance between Indian and Pacific populations is 6.6–6.7% (CO1) and this is also suggested by BOLD (2016) which indicates a 6.13% distinction between specimens from Mozambique/India versus Vietnam/Japan (648bp CO1). This high degree of divergence indicates the presence of at least one cryptic species across the range. There are no genetic data currently available for H. jayakari, which is morphologically very similar to but replaces H. histrix in the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf (Lourie et al. 2016)." 10072,Hippocampus ingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,ingens,,,,,"Girard, 1858", 10077,Hippocampus minotaur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,minotaur,,,,,"Gomon, 1997", 10083,Hippocampus sindonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,sindonis,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1901",This species has often been misidentified as H. coronatus or H. mohnikei. 107259870,Hippocampus spinosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,spinosissimus,,,,,"Weber, 1913","The 1996 and 2000 IUCN Red Lists included Hippocampus aimei; this is now considered a synonym of H. barbouri and H. spinosissimus. More recently, Lourie et al. (2016) placed H. alatus (which was listed as Data Deficient in previous versions of the IUCN Red List) into synonymy with H. spinosissimus.

This species is commonly confused with H. histrix.

From Lourie et al. (2016):
The type specimens of H. spinosissimus are surprisingly small, yet they are males with fully developed pouches. They also have clear nose spines, double cheek spines, and all body spines are approximately equally developed. A third specimen labelled as ‘type’ (ZMA 114.473) had single cheek spines. Lourie et al. (1999) used this name to refer to spiny seahorses from across Southeast Asia, even though the latter frequently lacked a nose spine. No genetic data are available from the type specimens. Morphological and genetic data do not support the distinctness of H. queenslandicus nor H. semispinosus from what is understood as H. spinosissimus by Lourie et al.(1999) (Teske et al. 2007; BOLD 2016; see also Zhang et al. 2014). Admittedly there exists variation in spine development and colour pattern among H. spinosissimus specimens and genetic data indicate that haplotype diversity is high, with three major lineages, two of which are broadly sympatric and one that is restricted to the central Philippines (Lourie et al. 2005). However, the genetic divergence among specimens of H. spinosissimus examined from Australia, Malaysia and the Philippines is only 0.82% (648bp, CO1) (BOLD 2016), and the average cytochrome b sequence divergence among 172 specimens from 29 populations is only 1.3% (Lourie et al. 2005). At present we suggest that the variation represents polymorphism within a single species, rather than different species, however further investigation is warranted. Kuiter (2009) and Allen and Erdmann (2012) identify spiny Southeast Asian seahorses variously as H. arnei, H. alatus, H. moluccensis, and H. polytaenia. The illustration of H. polytaenia (Bleeker, 1893) does show markings and moderately developed spines that are reminiscent of H. spinosissimus, however the type specimens conform to H. kuda (SL pers. obs.). Hippocampus alatus is tentatively synonymised here on the basis of morphological similarity, pending further work (especially genetics).
" 40773,Hippocampus subelongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,subelongatus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1873","Although the names Hippocampus subelongatus and H. elongatus were first described in the same document, there are apparently no type specimens for H. elongatus, and thus Hippocampus subelongatus is the proper name (Lourie et al. 1999, Eschmeyer et al. 2017)." 107261083,Hippocampus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,zebra,,,,,"Whitley, 1964",Lourie et al. (2016) placed H. montebelloensis into synonymy with H. zebra. 40802,Hippocampus barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,barbouri,,,,,"Jordan & Richardson, 1908", 107261486,Hippocampus angustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,angustus,,,,,"Günther, 1870","Lourie et al. (2016) placed H. grandiceps Kuiter 2001, H. hendriki Kuiter 2001, and H. multispinus Kuiter 2001 into synonymy with H. angustus." 41005,Hippocampus mohnikei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,mohnikei,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853","Both Hippocampus mohnikei and H. japonicus were described from Japan and examination of their type specimens shows them to be the same species (Lourie et al. 2016 - Appendix J). Specimens from elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific morphologically conform to H. mohnikei, and differ genetically (e.g. Japanese and Vietnamese specimens differ by an average of 2.25%—648 bp, CO1, BOLD 2016), indicating that there is the possibility of cryptic species within what we know as H. mohnikei." 41007,Hippocampus algiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,algiricus,,,,,"Kaup, 1856","The type specimen was sent from Algiers, Algeria by Guichenot who reported this species occurred, albeit ‘very rarely’, in Béjaïa (formerly Bougie) (Guichenot 1850). No other specimens have been found from Algeria since this time, and we restrict the current distribution of Hippocampus algiricus to West Africa. H. algiricus is very closely related to the H. kuda-complex (Teske et al. 2005) and is only 1.3% divergent from H. reidi (Silveira et al. 2014; Casey et al. 2004; Teske et al. 2004; BOLD 2016), but is here retained as a valid separate species due to the geographic distance between the West African and Brazilian coasts. Further research is needed to determine the level of connectivity and gene exchange between the two populations." 41009,Hippocampus fisheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,fisheri,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903","Specimens from Lord Howe Island, Australia and New Caledonia that were previously tentatively assigned to this species have subsequently been described as Hippocampus jugumus and H. pusillus (Kuiter 2001, Fricke 2004, Lourie et al. 2016)." 41010,Hippocampus kelloggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,kelloggi,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1901", 41716,Hippocampus denise,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,denise,,,,,"Lourie & Randall, 2003", 107261198,Hippocampus pontohi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,pontohi,,,,,"Lourie & Kuiter, 2008","This species is named in honour of Hence Pontoh, an Indonesian dive guide. Lourie et al. (2016) placed Hippocampus severnsi into synonymy with H. pontohi." 172284,Hippocampus satomiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,satomiae,,,,,"Lourie & Kuiter, 2008","

This species is named in honour of Miss Satomi Onishi, the dive guide who collected the type specimens (Lourie and Kuiter 2008). Lourie et al. (2016) placed Hippocampus waleananus into synonymy with H. satomiae.

" 195100,Hippocampus patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,patagonicus,,,,,"Piacentino & Luzzatto, 2004",

This species was likely misidentified as Hippocampus erectus prior to its description in 2004.

47735321,Hippocampus jugumus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,jugumus,,,,,"Kuiter, 2001", 54923065,Salmo ischchan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,ischchan,,,,,"Kessler, 1877","It is important to note that there is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with Salmo taxa. Collectively, all nine proposed taxa identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group (SSG) as uncertain—Salmo tigridis, S. platycephalus, S. ischchan, S. abanticus, S. labecula, S. chilo, S. opimus, S. rizeensis, and S. coruhensis—could be considered to fall within what some authors have referred to as the Salmo trutta species complex. This statement means nothing more than the fact that the mtDNA of these taxa would fall within the multiple clades of what sometimes has been simply referred to as Salmo trutta, comprising five or six major mtDNA lineages. The only Salmo taxa outside of this group of clades (genetically speaking) would be Atlantic Salmon (S. salar), S. belvitca, S. ohridanus, and Soft-mouthed Trout (S. obtusirostris). Whereas future higher resolution genetic data (i.e. genomic) will undoubtedly shed more light on the pairwise divergence and phylogenetic position of these taxa, the SSG sees no evidence, nor has any expectation, that genomic level data will place any of these taxa outside of these major mtDNA lineages." 54923554,Alburnoides manyasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,manyasensis,,,,,"Turan, Ekmekçi, Kaya & Güçlü, 2013", 22569,Garra klatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,klatti,,,,,"(Kosswig, 1950)","This poorly known species has been placed in many genera since its description. Recent placement in the South East Asian genus Crossocheilus is a lapsus. Indeed, the (unpublished) rediscovery of the species allowed to demonstrate, that the species belongs to the genus Garra and is closely related to Garra kemali. The species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Geiger et al. 2014, Hanidan et al. 2014, Behrens-Chapuis et al. 2015)." 53920439,Gyraulus egirdirensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,egirdirensis,,,,,"Glöer & Girod, 2013", 53920504,Gyraulus taseviensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,taseviensis,,,,,"Glöer & Girod, 2013","This species has a shell which looks like that of Gyraulus bekaensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2007, with its type locality far away in Lebanon. However, in G. taseviensis the last whorl is deflected, as well as having angled shell  reminiscent of Gyraulus piscinarum acutissima Schütt & Sesan, 1993, although the shell of G. taseviensis is smooth, not sculptured." 54999321,Bithynia forcarti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,forcarti,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2012", 54999485,Bithynia mazandaranensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,mazandaranensis,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2012", 58886,Raorchestes parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,parvulus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)",This form is a complex of more than one species. 57725,Glyphoglossus guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,guttulatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Calluella. Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 is now recognised as  a junior synonym of Glyphoglossus Gunther, 1869 ""1868"" (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Gylyphoglossus. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change.

Records of Glyphoglossus volzi from Peninsular Malaysia are included here (see Manthey and Grossmann 1997)." 59623,Ichthyophis kohtaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,kohtaoensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1960","This is a very poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2004). Old records of Ichthyophis glutinosus in Southeast Asia are tentatively included here, with the expectation that further taxonomic research will separate this species into several taxa." 59034,Theloderma gordoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,gordoni,,,,,"Taylor, 1962", 57874,Nanohyla annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,annamensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1923)","Some Vietnamese specimens previously referred to M. annamensis have recently been described as a separate species, M. marmorata (Bain and Nguyen 2004), and the Ha Tinh, Thai, and Cambodian specimens should be compared to M. annamensis, M. pulverata, and M. marmorata for confirmation of identity." 57639,Megophrys jingdongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,jingdongensis,,,,,"Fei & Ye, 1983","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 58672,Hylarana montivaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,montivaga,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)", 58791,Chirixalus nongkhorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chirixalus,nongkhorensis,,,,,"(Cochran, 1927)", 58848,Gracixalus gracilipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,gracilipes,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)","The population in Thailand for this species is suspected to be a complex, but requires confirmation (S. Phimmachak pers. comm, Oct 2013)." 55115144,Acroloxus pseudolacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,pseudolacustris,,,,,"Glöer & Pešić, 2012", 18123647,Saurida undosquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,undosquamis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)","The name Saurida undosquamis has been widely misapplied in the literature. The true Saurida undosquamis is probably restricted in range to northwestern Australia (B. Russell pers. comm. 2015)." 154989,Sardinella longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,longiceps,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847","

Specimens nominally identified as this species from the Philippines and Indonesia are likely to be incorrect identifications of the similar species Sardinella lemuru (Willette and Santos 2013). 


Recent analysis of micro-satellite markers suggests genetic differentiation of this species between the Gulf of Oman and the coast of India (Sebastian et al. 2017). Subsequent sub-structuring of this species within India revealed genetic differentiation between samples obtained from Mumbai and Mangalore on the western coast of India and the samples obtained from the southwest and eastern coast of India (Calicut, Kollam, Trivandrum, Chennai and Vizag: Sebastian et al. 2017).

" 55168788,Bithynia hareerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,hareerensis,,,,,"Glöer & Nasser, 2008","According to Glöer & Nasser (2008), the species they described as Bithynia hareerensis has probably been confused in the past  with other Bithynia species, e.g. Bithynia tentaculata, that does not occur in Iraq." 155531,Vinodolia fiumana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Vinodolia,fiumana,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","This species is is the type species for the genus Vinodolia, and was originally placed in the genus Orientalina (now Radomaniola)." 55242781,Triboniophorus sp. nov. 'Kaputar',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ATHORACOPHORIDAE,Triboniophorus,sp. nov. 'Kaputar',,,,,, 55201878,Turcorientalia anatolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Turcorientalia,anatolica,,,,,"Radoman, 1973","

This species is described by Radoman (1973) in his revision of the superfamily Hydrobioidea of the Balkans and Asia Minor in which this author created many new genera and species. Radoman uses the name Turcorientalia anatolica n. sp. on p. 8 when he presents the list of all families, genera and species of the Hydrobioidea but he also uses the name Turkorientalia anatolica, when giving the more extensive description of the species on p. 22. According to Kabat and Hersler (1993) Turcorientalia has preference, being the earliest existing mention of the genus and species. To make the confusion greater, Schütt (1980) considered Radoman's genus and species to be nomina nuda and re-used Turcorientalia as a subgenus for species of the genus Belgrandiella Wagner, 1927 in Greece, Turkey and the Aegean Sea islands (type species: Paludina byzanthina, Küster, 1853). Reisschütz (1988) subsequently applied a wrong date, namely Turcorientalia Radoman 1983 (instead of 1973). This error was further confounded by Hersler and Ponder (1998), who used Turcorientalina anatolica Radoman, 1983, a misspelling for Turcorientalia anatolica Radoman, 1973. Reisschütz (1988) did propose the name Pavleradomania as a substitute for the non-existent Turcorientalia Radoman, 1983, i.e., non Turcorientalia Radoman, 1973, non Turcorientalia Schütt, 1980 (see Kabat & Hersler, 1993). In Turkish literature the name Turkorientalia anatolica is used (Yldirim 1999, Yldirim and Kebapçi 2009), which apparently is erroneous.

" 51269474,Metioche luteolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Metioche,luteolus,,,,,"(Butler, 1876)", 51269484,Metioche payendeei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Metioche,payendeei,,,,,"Hugel, 2012", 51269482,Metioche superbus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Metioche,superbus,,,,,"Hugel, 2012", 51269359,Paradecolya briseferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Paradecolya,briseferi,,,,,"Hugel, 2010", 51269353,Rodriguesiophisis spinifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rodriguesiophisis,spinifera,,,,,"(Butler, 1876)", 44709134,Leptophyes discoidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,discoidalis,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1867)", 55518170,Bithynia numidica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Bithynia,numidica,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1864", 55775066,Oedipina fortunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,fortunensis,,,,,"Köhler, Ponce & Batista, 2007", 55775087,Incilius majordomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,majordomus,,,,,"Savage, Ugarte & Donnelly, 2013", 174108,Micrurus pyrrhocryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,pyrrhocryptus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","This species, which formerly included two subspecies (Micrurus pyrrocryptus pyrrhocryptus and M. p. tricolor) was split in two valid species, with the elevation of M. p. tricolor to full species status (da Silva Jr and Sites 1999)." 178720,Bothrops jararacussu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,jararacussu,,,,,"Lacerda, 1884", 55965377,Philodryas boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,boliviana,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Rivas et al. (2018) report that Philodryas boliviana is ""common, well-known and easily identified"" in dry inter-Andean forests. As only three confirmed specimens of this species exist, none from the province or habitat type where this work was conducted, it is not clear that this name has been applied appropriately by these authors." 20659152,Clonia wahlbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,wahlbergi,,,,,"Stål, 1855", 20643683,Eulioptera reticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eulioptera,reticulata,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)", 20635974,Pseudorhynchus pungens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pseudorhynchus,pungens,,,,,"(Schaum, 1853)", 42190,Muntiacus muntjak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,muntjak,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","Groves (2003), elected to raise mainland forms of M. muntjak (s.l.) from subspecific taxa to the species M. vaginalis, leaving the mainly Sundaic forms to constitute M. muntjak (s.s.), a position that had already been postulated by previous authors (e.g. Groves and Grubb (1990)). However, this assertion of species status rests on very little evidence, primarily the assumption that all M. muntjac in the Sunda region carry a unique karyotype different from all M. vaginalis in northern regions. However, the Sundaic karyotype has only been documented in a single individual from the Malay Peninsula south of the Ismuth of Kra. Other purported differences (e.g. dorsal darkening, Groves (2003)), if they can be considered characters rather than traits, appear minor and certainly not ones which would separate species level taxa. A much wider sampling of karyotype is needed for this systematic position to be placed on solid ground.

Groves and Grubb 1990 considered the Sundaic M. muntjak populations to represent a single subspecies, while considering northern mainland populations (here considered as M. vaginalis) to be composed of many. However, many subspecies have been described from the Sunda region, and the geographical variation present is certainly equivalent to that present in (in M. vaginalis) northern regions. Javan and Malay Peninsula populations represent large red forms, Bornean and probably also Sumatran animals appear somewhat smaller and darker, while some offshore island populations (i.e. Bali) are probably significantly smaller.

In this account, Muntiacus muntjak is considered to be exclusively restricted to peninsular Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok and other small islands of the region (Kitchener et al. 1990, Groves 2003). The possible existence of hybrid populations (M. vaginalis x M. muntjak), in northern continental Malaysia, has also been recently pointed out by Groves (2005).

Adding to the systematic confusion throughout the genus, the Red Muntjac is sometimes classified as M. vaginalis, including up to five subspecies including nigripes (Wang 2002)." 56039121,Amphisbaena angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,angustifrons,,,,,"Cope, 1861","There is a narrow zone of intergradation between Amphisbaena angustifrons and A. plumbea, in which there are individuals with intermediate characters, and there is a possibility that it is one species (Gans 1965, Gans and Diefenbach 1972)." 56039143,Amphisbaena bolivica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,bolivica,,,,,"Mertens, 1929", 56039152,Amphisbaena borelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,borelli,,,,,"Peracca, 1897", 56039161,Amphisbaena heterozonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,heterozonata,,,,,"Burmeister, 1861","Due to the presence of specimens with intermediate characters, in large parts of intergradation areas, it is possible that  A. darwini, A. trachura and A. heterozonata all represent a single species (Gans 1966), for which Amphisbaena darwinii is the oldest available name." 56039170,Amphisbaena hiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,hiata,,,,,"Montero & Céspedez, 2002", 56039179,Amphisbaena kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,kingii,,,,,"(Bell, 1833)", 56039194,Amphisbaena mertensii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,mertensii,,,,,"Strauch, 1881", 56039205,Leposternon microcephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,microcephalum,,,,,"Wagler, 1824","This is a polymorphic species, possibly representing a species complex (Gans 1971)." 56039220,Amphisbaena plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,plumbea,,,,,"Gray, 1872","There is a narrow zone of intergradation between A. angustifrons and A. plumbea, in which there are individuals with intermediate characters, and it is possible that these are conspecific." 56039231,Amphisbaena prunicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,prunicolor,,,,,"(Cope, 1885)", 56039246,Amphisbaena trachura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,trachura,,,,,"Cope, 1885","Due to the presence of specimens with intermediate characters, in large parts of intergradation, it is possible that specimens attributed to Amphisbaena darwini, A. trachura and A. heterozonata may belong to a single species for which A. darwini is the oldest available name (Gans 1966). If so, this would extend A. darwini's range to northern Argentina, southern Bolivia, and central Paraguay (Montero 1996, Montero and Terol 1999)" 56039264,Ophiodes fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophiodes,fragilis,,,,,"(Raddi, 1826)",Systematic relationships among Ophiodes species are unclear. The distribution of this taxon is consequently uncertain and there is a need for further taxonomic research to clearly separate it from Ophiodes cf. striatus (Montechiario et al. 2011). 56039279,Ophiodes intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophiodes,intermedius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 56039288,Ophiodes striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophiodes,striatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Cacciali and Scott (2012) reported that the Ophiodes striatus complex was represented in Paraguay by two species, one of which was in the process of being described. This work was published by Cacciali and Scott (2015), who named the novel taxon Ophiodes luciae." 56039302,Ophiodes vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Ophiodes,vertebralis,,,,,"Bocourt, 1881", 56039334,Atractus bocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,bocki,,,,,"Werner, 1909", 56039393,Erythrolamprus sagittifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,sagittifer,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 56039543,Pseudotomodon trigonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudotomodon,trigonatus,,,,,"(Leybold, 1873)", 177505,Rhachidelus brazili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhachidelus,brazili,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 56039823,Tomodon orestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tomodon,orestes,,,,,"Harvey & Muñoz, 2004", 56039849,Micrurus altirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,altirostris,,,,,"(Cope, 1860)", 56040327,Micrurus baliocoryphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,baliocoryphus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56040450,Micrurus catamayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,catamayensis,,,,,"Roze, 1989",Micrurus mertensi and M. catamayensis may be synonyms (J. Valencia pers. comm. 2014). Micrurus peruvianus may also be part of this clade. 56040596,Micrurus circinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,circinalis,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 56040806,Micrurus corallinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,corallinus,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)", 56041084,Micrurus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,frontalis,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)",Taxonomic research is recommended because it may represent a species complex (Giraudo et al. 2012). 56041167,Micrurus meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,meridensis,,,,,"Roze, 1989", 56041230,Micrurus petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,petersi,,,,,"Roze, 1967","This species may have been confused with Micrurus steindachneri, and research is underway to resolve this situation (E. Smith in prep.)" 56041302,Vanzosaura rubricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Vanzosaura,rubricauda,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 56050411,Siagonodon borrichianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Siagonodon,borrichianus,,,,,"(Degerbøl, 1923)", 56050458,Siagonodon septemstriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Siagonodon,septemstriatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 56050540,Liolaemus abaucan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,abaucan,,,,,"Etheridge, 1993", 56050556,Liolaemus abdalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,abdalai,,,,,"Quinteros, 2012", 56050570,Liolaemus acostai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,acostai,,,,,"Abdala & Juárez-Heredia, 2013", 56050597,Liolaemus albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,albiceps,,,,,"Lobo & Laurent, 1995", 56050644,Liolaemus andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,andinus,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1895","This species should be considered endemic to Catamarca, Argentina (Troncoso-Palacios 2014). However, this species is taxonomically problematic because the type specimens are apparently lost and its type locality is unclear (Lobo et al. 2010, Troncoso-Palacios 2014). If it is not possible to collect topotypic specimens matching the description of the type to designate a neotype, Liolaemus andinus should be considered a nomen dubium, since it is a name of unknown application. Records from Jujuy (Argentina) and Atacama (Chile) probably correspond to other species (Troncoso-Palacios 2014)." 56050657,Liolaemus anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,anomalus,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1896", 56050760,Liolaemus antumalguen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,antumalguen,,,,,"Avila, Morando, Perez & Sites, 2010", 56050788,Liolaemus araucaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,araucaniensis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1932", 56050827,Liolaemus audituvelatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,audituvelatus,,,,,"(Núñez & Yáñez, 1983)", 56050992,Liolaemus avilai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,avilai,,,,,"Bretman, Parra, Fulvio-Pérez & Sites, 2011", 56051196,Liolaemus azarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,azarai,,,,,"Avila, 2003", 56051421,Liolaemus baguali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,baguali,,,,,"Cei & Scolaro, 1983", 56051706,Liolaemus bellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,bellii,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 56051720,Liolaemus bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,bibronii,,,,,"(Bell, 1843)", 56051749,Liolaemus bitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,bitaeniatus,,,,,"Laurent, 1984", 56051766,Liolaemus boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,boulengeri,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 56051792,Liolaemus buergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,buergeri,,,,,"Werner, 1907", 56051812,Liolaemus burmeisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,burmeisteri,,,,,"Avila, Fulvio-Perez, Medina, Sites & Morando, 2012", 56051827,Liolaemus calchaqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,calchaqui,,,,,"Lobo & Kretzschmar, 1996", 56051847,Liolaemus camarones,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,camarones,,,,,"Abdala, Díaz-Gómez & Juarez-Heredia, 2012", 56051858,Liolaemus canqueli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,canqueli,,,,,"Cei, 1975", 56051878,Liolaemus caparensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,caparensis,,,,,"Breitman, Fulvio-Pérez, Parra, Morando, Sites & Avila, 2011", 56051897,Liolaemus carlosgarini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,carlosgarini,,,,,"Esquerré, Núñez & Scolaro, 2013","This species is poorly-studied as it was recently-described from a largely inaccessible region based on a limited number of characters (L. Avila pers. comm. 2016). It appears to belong to the taxonomically complex Liolaemus elongatus-kriegi group, within which species delimitation is in need of further study (L. Avila pers. comm. 2016). Medina et al. (2017) provided support for the continued recognition of L. carlosgarini. In common with earlier work by Medina (2015) these authors found, however, that haplotypes within this species were shared between L. carlosgarini and other species, and that the species showed no clear molecular differentiation from L. smaug or from an undescribed candidate species." 56051911,Liolaemus casamiquelai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,casamiquelai,,,,,"Avila, Fulvio Perez, Morando & Sites, 2010", 56051928,Liolaemus cazianiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cazianiae,,,,,"Lobo, Slodki & Valdecantos, 2010", 56051939,Liolaemus ceii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ceii,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1971",The taxonomy of this species is currently being reviewed. It is possible that it is a junior synonym of L. kriegi (Medina 2015). 56051955,Liolaemus chacabucoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chacabucoense,,,,,"Núñez & Scolaro, 2009", 56051966,Liolaemus chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chacoensis,,,,,"Shreve, 1948", 56052002,Liolaemus chiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chiliensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 56052028,Liolaemus chillanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chillanensis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1932", 56052041,Liolaemus chlorostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chlorostictus,,,,,"Laurent, 1993", 56052071,Liolaemus choique,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,choique,,,,,"Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchi & Stazzonelli, 2010", 56052108,Liolaemus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cinereus,,,,,"Monguillot, Cabrera, Acosta & Villavicencio, 2006",The taxonomic status of this species should be revised. 56052125,Liolaemus coeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,coeruleus,,,,,"Cei & Ortiz-Zapata, 1983", 56052207,Liolaemus confusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,confusus,,,,,"Núñez & Pincheira-Donoso, 2006", 56052310,Liolaemus crepuscularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,crepuscularis,,,,,"Abdala & Diaz Gómez, 2006", 56052371,Liolaemus cristiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cristiani,,,,,"Núñez, Navarro & Loyola, 1991", 56052403,Liolaemus cuyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cuyanus,,,,,"Cei & Scolaro, 1980", 56052426,Liolaemus cuyumhue,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cuyumhue,,,,,"Avila, Morando, Perez & Sites, 2009", 56052446,Liolaemus cyaneinotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cyaneinotatus,,,,,"Martinez, Avila, Fulvio Perez, Perez, Sites & Morando, 2011", 56052461,Liolaemus cyanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cyanogaster,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 56052691,Liolaemus darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,darwinii,,,,,"(Bell, 1843)", 56053126,Liolaemus diaguita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,diaguita,,,,,"Abdala, Quinteros, Arias, Portelli & Palavecino, 2011", 178603,Liolaemus dicktracyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,dicktracyi,,,,,"Espinoza & Lobo, 2003", 54644,Peltophryne fustiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,fustiger,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1960)", 56544,Eleutherodactylus cuneatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,cuneatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 56917,Eleutherodactylus riparius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,riparius,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1998",This species was confused with Eleutherodactylus sierramaestrae prior to its description. 56057615,Liolaemus ditadai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ditadai,,,,,"Cei, 1983", 56057741,Liolaemus donosobarrosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,donosobarrosi,,,,,"(Cei, 1974)", 56057897,Liolaemus dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,dorbignyi,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 56057954,Liolaemus dumerili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,dumerili,,,,,"Abdala, Semhan, Moreno Azocar, Bonino, Paz & Cruz, 2012", 56058412,Liolaemus eleodori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,eleodori,,,,,"Cei, Etheridge & Videla, 1985", 56058601,Liolaemus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,elongatus,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1896", 56058825,Liolaemus erguetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,erguetae,,,,,"Laurent, 1995","R. Langstroth (pers comm. in Troncoso-Palacios 2014) suggested that it is possible that Liolaemus molinai from Chile (a taxon which has alternately been treated either as a valid species [e.g. by Demangel et al. 2015] or as a synonym of L. andinus following Lobo et al. 2010), may be a junior synonym of L. erguetae. Preliminary results from ongoing work (Trocosco-Palacios in litt.) support this proposal. Further complicating this issue is uncertainty concerning the identity and relationships of species described as L. erroneous and L. porosus (R. Langstroth pers. comm. 2016).

Further taxonomic study is recommended to fully diagnose all four of these nominal species and clarify their relationships, including the use of molecular approaches due to the absence of clear morphological and geographic limits between these taxa (R. Langstroth pers. comm. 2016)." 56059145,Liolaemus erroneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,erroneus,,,,,"(Núñez & Yáñez, 1983)",Some authors synonymize this species with  Liolaemus andinus (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente 2013b). 56059651,Liolaemus escarchadosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,escarchadosi,,,,,"Scolaro, 1997", 56059665,Liolaemus espinozai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,espinozai,,,,,"Abdala, 2005", 56059703,Liolaemus exploratorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,exploratorum,,,,,"Cei & Williams, 1984", 56060171,Liolaemus fabiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,fabiani,,,,,"Yáñez & Núñez, 1983", 56060210,Liolaemus famatinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,famatinae,,,,,"Cei, 1980", 56060266,Liolaemus foxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,foxi,,,,,"Núñez, Navarro & Veloso, 2000", 178574,Liolaemus flavipiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,flavipiceus,,,,,"Cei & Videla, 2003", 56060499,Liolaemus frassinettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,frassinettii,,,,,"Núñez, 2007", 56061164,Liolaemus alticolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,alticolor,,,,,"Barbour, 1909","Populations formerly recognized as Liolaemus alticolor have been described in recent years, including Liolaemus chungara from Chile (Quinteros et al. 2014),  Liolaemus incaicus from southern Peru (Lobo et al., 2007), and Liolaemus puna from southern Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina (Lobo and Espinoza 2004). These descriptions have been based on morphological differences and apparent biogeographical barriers, without fully examining clinal variation in this formerly widespread species, particularly from the area between the core ranges of L. alticolor and L. puna (R. Langstroth pers. comm. 2016). Taxonomic research is needed to clarify relationships within this group (R, Langstroth pers. comm. 2016)." 56062171,Liolaemus goetschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,goetschi,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1938", 56062203,Liolaemus gracielae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,gracielae,,,,,"Abdala, Acosta, Cabrera, Villavicencio & Marinero, 2009", 56062407,Liolaemus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,gracilis,,,,,"(Bell, 1843)", 56062603,Liolaemus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,griseus,,,,,"Laurent, 1984", 56062626,Liolaemus grosseorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,grosseorum,,,,,"Etheridge, 2001", 56062677,Liolaemus gununakuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,gununakuna,,,,,"Avila, Morando, Perez & Sites, 2004", 56062717,Liolaemus hajeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,hajeki,,,,,"Núñez, Pincheira-Donoso & Garín, 2004", 56062739,Liolaemus halonastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,halonastes,,,,,"Lobo, Slodki & Valdecantos, 2010", 56062767,Liolaemus hatcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,hatcheri,,,,,"Stejneger, 1909", 56062779,Liolaemus heliodermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,heliodermis,,,,,"Espinoza, Lobo & Cruz, 2000", 56062923,Liolaemus hermannunezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,hermannunezi,,,,,"Pincheira-Donoso, Scolaro & Schulte, 2007", 56062960,Liolaemus huayra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,huayra,,,,,"Abdala, Quinteros & Espinoza, 2008", 56062975,Liolaemus inacayali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,inacayali,,,,,"Abdala, 2003", 56063010,Liolaemus inti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,inti,,,,,"Abdala, Quinteros & Espinoza, 2008", 56063030,Liolaemus irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,irregularis,,,,,"Laurent, 1986", 56063046,Liolaemus isabelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,isabelae,,,,,"Navarro & Núñez, 1993", 56063101,Liolaemus jamesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,jamesi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891", 56063125,Liolaemus josei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,josei,,,,,"Abdala, 2005", 56063733,Liolaemus velosoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,velosoi,,,,,"Ortiz, 1987", 56064105,Liolaemus kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,kingii,,,,,"(Bell, 1843)", 56064151,Liolaemus kolengh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,kolengh,,,,,"Abdala & Lobo, 2006", 56064174,Liolaemus koslowskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,koslowskyi,,,,,"Etheridge, 1993", 56064183,Liolaemus kriegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,kriegi,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1939", 56064216,Liolaemus laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,laurenti,,,,,"Etheridge, 1992", 56064240,Liolaemus lavillai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,lavillai,,,,,"Abdala & Lobo, 2006", 56064277,Liolaemus lentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,lentus,,,,,"Gallardo, 1966", 56064318,Liolaemus lineomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,lineomaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 56064342,Liolaemus loboi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,loboi,,,,,"Abdala, 2003", 56064369,Liolaemus lopezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,lopezi,,,,,"Ibarra-Vidal, 2005", 56064503,Liolaemus magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,magellanicus,,,,,"Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847", 56064748,Liolaemus manueli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,manueli,,,,,"(Núñez, Navarro, Garín, Pincheira-Donoso & Meriggio, 2003)", 56065022,Liolaemus martorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,martorii,,,,,"Abdala, 2003", 29444,Liolaemus pagaburoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pagaburoi,,,,,"Lobo & Espinoza, 1999",Was under Iguanidae. 177932,Liolaemus somuncurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,somuncurae,,,,,"Cei & Scolaro, 1981", 178491,Liolaemus olongasta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,olongasta,,,,,"Etheridge, 1993", 20643749,Eulioptera spinulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eulioptera,spinulosa,,,,,"Ragge, 1956", 20643867,Tylopsis bilineolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tylopsis,bilineolata,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 20643879,Tylopsis continua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tylopsis,continua,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20643886,Tylopsis rubrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tylopsis,rubrescens,,,,,"Kirby, 1900", 20659649,Alfredectes browni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Alfredectes,browni,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 20659682,Arytropteris granulithorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Arytropteris,granulithorax,,,,,"Péringuey, 1916", 20659710,Namaquadectes irroratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Namaquadectes,irroratus,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1916)", 20659726,Thoracistus arboreus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,arboreus,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 20659729,Thoracistus aureoportalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,aureoportalis,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 20659732,Thoracistus jambila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,jambila,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 20659735,Thoracistus peringueyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,peringueyi,,,,,"Pictet, 1888", 20659738,Thoracistus semeniphagus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,semeniphagus,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 20659741,Thoracistus thyraeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thoracistus,thyraeus,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 20659757,Transkeidectes multidentis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Transkeidectes,multidentis,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1992", 56077069,Liolaemus melaniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,melaniceps,,,,,"Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez, 2005", 56077083,Liolaemus melanopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,melanopleurus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1860)","This species is known from three specimens, all dating to the 1860 description and apparently not well-preserved (M. de Gamboa pers. comm. 2017). As this species has never subsequently been rediscovered, the type locality is imprecise and considered uncertain (M. de Gamboa pers. comm. 2017) and it belongs to a taxonomically complex group of lizards, it is impossible to determine both whether Liolaemus melanopleurus is a good species and whether any new material can be referred to this taxon." 56077101,Liolaemus melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,melanops,,,,,"Burmeister, 1888", 56077110,Liolaemus millcayac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,millcayac,,,,,"Abdala & Juárez-Heredia, 2013", 56077250,Liolaemus molinai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,molinai,,,,,"Valladares, Etheridge, Schulte, Manriquez & Spotorno, 2002","Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005) consider this species as a junior synonym of Liolaemus schmidti, which is a junior synonym of L. andinus; Lobo et al. (2010) disagree with this synonymy. Alternatively, it has been proposed that it may be a junior synonym of L. erguetae (R. Langstroth in Troncoso-Palacios, 2014). Further taxonomic study is recommended to fully diagnose this species and clarify its relationships." 56077261,Liolaemus montanezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,montanezi,,,,,"Cabrera & Monguillot, 2006", 56077275,Liolaemus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,montanus,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 56077311,Liolaemus moradoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,moradoensis,,,,,"Hellmich, 1950", 56077327,Liolaemus morandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,morandae,,,,,"Breitman, Parra, Fulvio-Pérez & Sites, 2011", 56077336,Liolaemus morenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,morenoi,,,,,"Etheridge & Christie, 2003", 56077592,Liolaemus multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,multicolor,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 56077628,Liolaemus multimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,multimaculatus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 56077706,Liolaemus neuquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,neuquensis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1939", 56077725,Liolaemus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,nigriceps,,,,,"(Philippi, 1860)", 56077744,Liolaemus nigroviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,nigroviridis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1932", 56077862,Liolaemus orko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,orko,,,,,"Abdala & Quinteros, 2008", 56077929,Liolaemus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ornatus,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 56084246,Lycenchelys platyrhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycenchelys,platyrhina,,,,,"(Jensen, 1902)", 56085343,Liolaemus pacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pacha,,,,,"Juárez Heredia, Robles & Halloy, 2013", 56085384,Liolaemus pachecoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pachecoi,,,,,"Laurent, 1995", 109619258,Liolaemus islugensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,islugensis,,,,,"Ortiz & Marquet, 1987","R. Langstroth (pers. comm., 2019) will submit a paper in 2019 which places Liolaemus islugensis in the synonymy of Liolaemus schmidti (Marx, 1960)." 56085454,Liolaemus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,parvus,,,,,"Quinteros, Abdala, Gómez & Scrocchi, 2008", 56085562,Liolaemus patriciaiturrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,patriciaiturrae,,,,,"Navarro & Núñez, 1993", 56085628,Liolaemus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pictus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 56086030,Liolaemus pipanaco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pipanaco,,,,,"Abdala & Juárez-Heredia, 2013", 56086313,Liolaemus poconchilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,poconchilensis,,,,,"Valladares, 2004","Langstroth (2011) found that specimens attributed to Liolaemus reichei from near Tacna in Peru were instead attributable to L. poconchilensis, extending the range of this species into southern Peru and confining L. reichei (which this author synonymized with L. stolzmanni) to northern Chile." 56086372,Liolaemus poecilochromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,poecilochromus,,,,,"Laurent, 1986",Currently research is underway to determine if this taxon represents more than one species. 56086434,Liolaemus porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,porosus,,,,,"Abdala, Paz & Semhan, 2013", 56091397,Liolaemus pseudoanomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pseudoanomalus,,,,,"Cei, 1981", 56091460,Liolaemus pseudolemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pseudolemniscatus,,,,,"Lamborot & Ortiz, 1990", 56091604,Liolaemus puelche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,puelche,,,,,"Avila, Morando, Fulvio-Pérez & Sites, 2007", 56091627,Liolaemus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"Laurent, 1992", 56091642,Liolaemus puna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,puna,,,,,"Lobo & Espinoza, 2004", 56091667,Liolaemus punmahuida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,punmahuida,,,,,"Avila, Perez & Morando, 2003", 56091871,Liolaemus puritamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,puritamensis,,,,,"Núñez & Fox, 1989","The taxonomic status of this species remains unclear (Avila et al. 2013). It was synonymized with Liolaemus dorbignyi by Nuñez and Jaksic (1992), and revalidated again by Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005)." 56095357,Liolaemus purul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,purul,,,,,"Abdala, Semhan, Moreno Azócar, Bonino, Paz & Cruz, 2012", 56096322,Liolaemus pyriphlogos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pyriphlogos,,,,,"Quinteros, 2012", 56096397,Liolaemus quilmes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,quilmes,,,,,"Etheridge, 1993", 56097589,Liolaemus ramonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ramonensis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1932", 56098897,Liolaemus riodamas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,riodamas,,,,,"Esquerré, Núñez & Scolaro, 2013", 56118578,Liolaemus riojanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,riojanus,,,,,"Cei, 1979", 56118681,Liolaemus robertmertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,robertmertensi,,,,,"Hellmich, 1964", 56118863,Liolaemus robertoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,robertoi,,,,,"Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez, 2004", 56140172,Agriocnemis bumhilli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,bumhilli,,,,,"Kipping, Martens & Suhling, 2012", 56142223,Microgomphus zebra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,zebra,,,,,"(Martin, 1911)", 56142623,Platycypha inyangae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,inyangae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1958", 56142792,Syncordulia legator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Syncordulia,legator,,,,,"Dijkstra, Samways & Simaika, 2007", 56142808,Syncordulia serendipator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Syncordulia,serendipator,,,,,"Dijkstra, Samways & Simaika, 2007", 56142830,Trithemis morrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,morrisoni,,,,,"Damm & Hadrys, 2009","Trithemis morrisoni and T. palustris were discovered in the course of a population genetic study of the common and widespread T. stictica. Trithemis parasticta, currently considered as synonym to T. stictica, might also a valid species. All of these species are difficult to identify in the field or on morphological characteristics." 56142904,Trithemis palustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,palustris,,,,,"Damm & Hadrys, 2009","Trithemis morrisoni and T. palustris were discovered in the course of a population genetic study of the common and widespread T. stictica. Trithemis parasticta, currently considered as synonym to T. stictica, might also a valid species. All of these species are difficult to identify in the field or on morphological characteristics.
" 56148986,Liolaemus rosenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,rosenmanni,,,,,"Núñez & Navarro, 1992", 56149018,Liolaemus rothi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,rothi,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 56149063,Liolaemus ruibali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ruibali,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1961", 56149101,Liolaemus sagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,sagei,,,,,"Etheridge & Christie, 2003", 56149292,Liolaemus salinicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,salinicola,,,,,"Laurent, 1986", 56149367,Liolaemus sanjuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,sanjuanensis,,,,,"Cei, 1982", 56150793,Liolaemus sarmientoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,sarmientoi,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1973", 56151613,Liolaemus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,saxatilis,,,,,"Avila, Cei, Martori & Acosta, 1992", 56151830,Liolaemus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,scapularis,,,,,"Laurent, 1982", 56151913,Liolaemus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,schmidti,,,,,"(Marx, 1960)","Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005) synonymized Liolaemus schmidti with L. andinus, however, Lobo et al. (2010) disagree with this synonymy on the basis that L. andinus is taxonomically problematic because the type specimens are apparently lost and its type locality is unclear. R. Langstroth (pers. comm. 2016) has examined the L. schmidti type series and material from Catamarca and adjacent Chile and recommends considering the taxon valid on the basis of significant morphological differences, although it is part of a large group of taxonomically complex species related to Liolaemus multicolor which have never been subject to a taxonomic revision. As such, the true identity of many records is unknown. The concept applied in this account includes L. ormofi, a recent description considered a junior synonym of L. schmidti by Troncoso-Palacios (in litt.) and R. Langstroth (pers. comm. 2016)." 56152029,Liolaemus schroederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,schroederi,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1938", 56152121,Liolaemus scolaroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,scolaroi,,,,,"Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez, 2005","Breitman et al. (2014) shows that there appears to be no genetic differentiation (based on mitochondrial markers) between this species and Liolaemus zullyae, recommending further studies to test whether there is hybridization between these species, or both represent a single species having two distinct male morphotypes." 56152169,Liolaemus scrocchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,scrocchii,,,,,"Quinteros, Abdala & Lobo, 2008", 56152187,Liolaemus senguer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,senguer,,,,,"Abdala, 2005", 56152608,Liolaemus shehuen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,shehuen,,,,,"Abdala, Díaz-Gómez & Juarez-Heredia, 2012", 56152705,Liolaemus shitan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,shitan,,,,,"Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchi & Stazzonelli, 2010", 56152769,Liolaemus silvai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,silvai,,,,,"Ortiz, 1989", 56152866,Liolaemus silvanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,silvanae,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros & Cei, 1971)", 56153602,Liolaemus sitesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,sitesi,,,,,"Avila, Olave, Fulvio-Peréz, Perez & Morando, 2013", 56153800,Liolaemus smaug,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,smaug,,,,,"Abdala, Quinteros, Scrocchi & Stazzonelli, 2010", 56153891,Liolaemus talampaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,talampaya,,,,,"Avila, Morando, Perez & Sites, 2004", 56154005,Liolaemus tandiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tandiliensis,,,,,"Vega, Bellagamba & Lobo, 2008", 56154047,Liolaemus tari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tari,,,,,"Scolaro & Cei, 1997", 56154104,Liolaemus tehuelche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tehuelche,,,,,"Abdala, 2003", 56154151,Liolaemus telsen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,telsen,,,,,"Cei & Scolaro, 1999", 56154190,Liolaemus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tenuis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 56154348,Liolaemus thermarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,thermarum,,,,,"Videla & Cei, 1996", 56154558,Liolaemus torresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,torresi,,,,,"(Núñez, Navarro, Garín, Pincheira-Donoso & Meriggio, 2003)", 56155492,Liolaemus tregenzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tregenzai,,,,,"Pincheira-Donoso & Scolaro, 2007", 56155603,Liolaemus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tristis,,,,,"Scolaro & Cei, 1997", 56155670,Liolaemus tromen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tromen,,,,,"Abdala, Semhan, Moreno Azocar, Bonino, Paz & Cruz, 2012", 56155804,Liolaemus tulkas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,tulkas,,,,,"Quinteros, Abdala, Gómez & Scrocchi, 2008", 56155840,Liolaemus umbrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,umbrifer,,,,,"Espinoza & Lobo, 2003", 56155898,Liolaemus uptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,uptoni,,,,,"Scolari & Cei, 2006", 56155920,Liolaemus uspallatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,uspallatensis,,,,,"Macola & Castro, 1982", 56155933,Liolaemus valdesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,valdesianus,,,,,"Hellmich, 1950", 56156021,Liolaemus vulcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,vulcanus,,,,,"Quinteros & Abdala, 2011", 56156054,Liolaemus wiegmannii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,wiegmannii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 56156368,Liolaemus yanalcu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,yanalcu,,,,,"Martínez Oliver & Lobo, 2002", 56156550,Liolaemus zullyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,zullyae,,,,,"Cei & Scolaro, 1996",There appears to be no genetic differentiation between this species and L. scolaroi. Detailed studies are needed to test whether there is hybridization between these species or if both represent a single species with two distinct male morphotypes (Breitman et al. 2014). 20633270,Conocephalus basutoanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,basutoanus,,,,,"Chopard, 1955", 20633459,Conocephalus conocephalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,conocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 20633843,Conocephalus iris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,iris,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 20632896,Conocephalus longiceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,longiceps,,,,,"(Peringuey, 1916)", 20633133,Conocephalus maculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,maculatus,,,,,"(Le Guillou, 1841)", 20635101,Lanista annulicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lanista,annulicornis,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20635503,Pseudorhynchus hastifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pseudorhynchus,hastifer,,,,,"(Schaum, 1853)", 20636856,Acanthoplus speiseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acanthoplus,speiseri,,,,,"Brancsik, 1896", 20638495,Acilacris furcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acilacris,furcatus,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1996", 20638574,Acilacris kristinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acilacris,kristinae,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1996", 20638633,Amyttacta farrelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Amyttacta,farrelli,,,,,"Naskrecki, Bazelet & Spearman, 2008", 20638636,Amyttacta marakelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Amyttacta,marakelensis,,,,,"Naskrecki, Bazelet & Spearman, 2008", 20639350,Aroegas dilatatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aroegas,dilatatus,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1996", 20639917,Aroegas nigroornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aroegas,nigroornatus,,,,,"Péringuey, 1916", 20640815,Paracilacris lateralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Paracilacris,lateralis,,,,,"Chopard, 1955", 20640832,Paracilacris periclitatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Paracilacris,periclitatus,,,,,"Naskrecki, Bazelet & Spearman, 2008", 20639359,Aroegas fuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aroegas,fuscus,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1996", 20642121,Anoedopoda lamellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anoedopoda,lamellata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 20641169,Aprosphylus sopatarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aprosphylus,sopatarum,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1994", 20641422,Cedarbergeniana imperfecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Cedarbergeniana,imperfecta,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1994", 20641530,Griffiniana duplessisae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Griffiniana,duplessisae,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2012", 20644020,Arantia fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Arantia,fasciata,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20644119,Brinckiella aptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,aptera,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2009", 20644123,Brinckiella arboricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,arboricola,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2009", 20644138,Brinckiella elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,elegans,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2009", 20644159,Brinckiella serricauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,serricauda,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2009", 20644162,Brinckiella viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Brinckiella,viridis,,,,,"Chopard, 1955", 20656329,Catoptropteryx aurita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Catoptropteryx,aurita,,,,,"Huxley, 1970", 20642613,Conchotopoda belcki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conchotopoda,belcki,,,,,"Karsch, 1887", 20642683,Conchotopoda brunneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conchotopoda,brunneri,,,,,"(Kirby, 1900)", 20642729,Conchotopoda crassicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conchotopoda,crassicauda,,,,,"Ragge, 1960", 20642821,Conchotopoda grallatoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conchotopoda,grallatoria,,,,,"(Stål, 1857)", 20642863,Conchotopoda parva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conchotopoda,parva,,,,,"Ragge, 1960", 20656334,Corymeta amplectens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Corymeta,amplectens,,,,,"(Schaum, 1853)", 20643151,Ducetia chelocerca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ducetia,chelocerca,,,,,"Ragge, 1961", 20656349,Eurycorypha cereris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eurycorypha,cereris,,,,,"(Stål, 1857)", 20656362,Eurycorypha lesnei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eurycorypha,lesnei,,,,,"Chopard, 1935", 20656365,Eurycorypha meruensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eurycorypha,meruensis,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1910", 20642934,Horatosphaga serrifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Horatosphaga,serrifera,,,,,"Schaum, 1853", 20656380,Oxyecous lesnei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Oxyecous,lesnei,,,,,"Chopard, 1935", 20643808,Phaneroptera nigropunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Phaneroptera,nigropunctata,,,,,"Chopard, 1955", 20643844,Phaneroptera sparsa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Phaneroptera,sparsa,,,,,"Stål, 1857", 20656427,Plangia graminea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Plangia,graminea,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 20656902,Symmetropleura plana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Symmetropleura,plana,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20657143,Terpnistria zebrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Terpnistria,zebrata,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 20658219,Acauloplax exigua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acauloplax,exigua,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 20657592,Cymatomera denticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Cymatomera,denticollis,,,,,"Schaum, 1853", 20657778,Cymatomerella spilophora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Cymatomerella,spilophora,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 20658341,Zabalius ophthalmicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zabalius,ophthalmicus,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20659352,Clonia charpentieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,charpentieri,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1971", 20658695,Clonia kalahariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,kalahariensis,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1971", 20659361,Clonia lalandei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,lalandei,,,,,"Saussure, 1888", 20658843,Clonia saussurei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,saussurei,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1971", 20659611,Clonia tessellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,tessellata,,,,,"Saussure, 1888", 20659011,Clonia uvarovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,uvarovi,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1971", 20659616,Cloniella praedatoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Cloniella,praedatoria,,,,,"(Distant, 1892)", 20659641,Peringueyella rentzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Peringueyella,rentzi,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1981", 20659644,Peringueyella zulu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Peringueyella,zulu,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1971", 56217042,Elattoneura mayombensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,mayombensis,,,,,"Legrand, 1985", 56217604,Elattoneura lliba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,lliba,,,,,"Legrand, 1985", 56218971,Phymaturus aguanegra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,aguanegra,,,,,"Lobo, Laspiur & Acosta, 2013", 56219008,Phymaturus alicahuense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,alicahuense,,,,,"Núñez, Veloso, Espejo, Veloso, Cortes & Araya, 2010", 56219033,Phymaturus antofagastensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,antofagastensis,,,,,"Pereyra, 1985", 56219418,Phymaturus bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,bibronii,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)", 56219504,Phymaturus camilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,camilae,,,,,"Scolaro, Jara & Pincheira-Donoso, 2013", 56219612,Phymaturus castillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,castillensis,,,,,"Scolaro & Pincheira-Donoso, 2010", 56219659,Phymaturus ceii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,ceii,,,,,"Scolaro & Ibargüengoytía, 2008", 56234077,Homonota andicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,andicola,,,,,"Cei, 1978", 56234098,Homonota borellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,borellii,,,,,"Peracca, 1897", 56234119,Homonota darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,darwinii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885"," It is recommended that the taxonomic status of the subspecies be reviewed (Abdala et al. 2012, Avila et al. 2013)." 56234195,Homonota rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,rupicola,,,,,"Cacciali, Ávila & Bauer, 2007", 56234213,Homonota taragui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,taragui,,,,,"Cajade, Etchepare, Falcione, Barrasso & Alvarez, 2013", 56234232,Homonota underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,underwoodi,,,,,"kluge, 1964", 56234251,Homonota uruguayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,uruguayensis,,,,,"(Vaz-Ferreira & Sierra de Soriano, 1961)", 56234275,Homonota whitii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,whitii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 56234318,Homonota wiliamsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,wiliamsii,,,,,"Ávila, Perez, Minoli & Morando, 2012", 59470,Taricha rivularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Taricha,rivularis,,,,,"(Twitty, 1935)", 56245818,Phymaturus delheyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,delheyi,,,,,"Ávila, Fulvio-Pérez, Perez & Morando, 2011", 47251810,Poecilium magnanii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Poecilium,magnanii,,,,,"(Sama & Rapuzzi, 1999)","Originally described as belonging to the genus Poecilium Fairmaire 1864 (Sama and Rapuzzi 1999), however currently belongs to Phymatodes Mulsant, 1839 (Sama and Löbl 2010)." 56248794,Phymaturus denotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,denotatus,,,,,"Lobo, Nenda & Slodki, 2012", 56248963,Phymaturus etheridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,etheridgei,,,,,"Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010", 56249143,Phymaturus excelsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,excelsus,,,,,"Lobo & Quinteros, 2005", 56249260,Phymaturus extrilidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,extrilidus,,,,,"Lobo, Espinoza, Sanabria & Quiroga, 2012", 56249384,Phymaturus felixi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,felixi,,,,,"Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010", 56249539,Phymaturus indistinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,indistinctus,,,,,"Cei & Castro, 1973", 56249668,Phymaturus laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,laurenti,,,,,"Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010", 56249884,Phymaturus mallimaccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,mallimaccii,,,,,"Cei, 1980", 56249964,Phymaturus manuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,manuelae,,,,,"Scolaro & Ibargüengoytía, 2008", 56250011,Phymaturus maulense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,maulense,,,,,"Núñez, Veloso, Espejo, Veloso, Cortes & Araya, 201", 56250107,Phymaturus nevadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,nevadoi,,,,,"Cei & Roig, 1975", 56250729,Phymaturus payuniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,payuniae,,,,,"Cei & Castro, 1973", 56250838,Phymaturus punae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,punae,,,,,"Cei, Etheridge & Videla, 1985", 56250930,Phymaturus querque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,querque,,,,,"Lobo, Abdala & Valdecantos, 2010", 56251048,Phymaturus roigorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,roigorum,,,,,"Lobo & Abdala, 2007", 56251262,Phymaturus sinervoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,sinervoi,,,,,"Scolaro, De la Cruz & Ibargüengoytía, 2012", 56251432,Phymaturus sitesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,sitesi,,,,,"Ávila, Fulvio-Pérez, Perez & Morando, 2011", 56251524,Phymaturus somuncurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,somuncurensis,,,,,"Cei & Castro, 1973", 56251581,Phymaturus spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,spectabilis,,,,,"Lobo & Quinteros, 2005", 56251714,Phymaturus spurcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,spurcus,,,,,"Barbour, 1921", 56251804,Phymaturus tenebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,tenebrosus,,,,,"Lobo & Quinteros, 2005", 56251820,Phymaturus verdugo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,verdugo,,,,,"Cei & Videla, 2003", 56251924,Phymaturus videlai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,videlai,,,,,"Scolaro & Pincheira-Donoso, 2010", 56251982,Phymaturus vociferator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,vociferator,,,,,"Pincheira-Donoso, 2004","Pincheira-Donoso et al. (2008) consider Phymaturus dorsimaculatus to be a junior synonym of P. vociferator, in which case this species would also occur in the Province of Neuquén, Argentina (Avila et al. 2013); however, Lobo et al. (2010) disagree with this synonymy and their scheme is followed here. M. Vidal (pers. comm. 2016) notes that no studies have been conducted that demonstrate this proposed synonymy. While Pincheira-Donoso et al. (2008) referred to previous work suggesting that the two taxa may be conspecific based on overlap between morphological traits (Pincheira-Donoso 2004), these authors provided no new data to support this conclusion and so the systematics of these taxa remains unresolved." 56252074,Phymaturus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,williamsi,,,,,"Lobo, Laspiur & Acosta, 2013", 56252106,Phymaturus zapalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,zapalensis,,,,,"Cei & Castro, 1973", 190541,Pseudalsophis biserialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudalsophis,biserialis,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)","Zaher (1999) recognized Philodryas dorsalis and P. occidentalis as species distinct from P. biserialis; this action - which was not in a paper primarily concerned with taxonomy - appears to have subsequently been neglected, however, the taxonomic action appears not to have been disputed and Zaher et al. (2009) listed all three taxa within the newly-erected genusPseudalsophis without comment. This arrangement is consequently followed here." 178351,Tropidurus chromatops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,chromatops,,,,,"Harvey & Gutberlet, 1998", 56257709,Acisoma inflatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Acisoma,inflatum,,,,,"Selys, 1882","Formerly Acisoma panorpoides was thought to occur in Africa, Madagascar and Asia. Recent taxonomic and genetic studies showed, that in Asia the true A. panorpoides occurs, while two different species each occur in Madagascar and continental Africa. The latter are separated in A. variegatum and in A. inflatum, both of them being described long ago and neglected since (Dijkstra and Clausnitzer 2014)." 56258107,Acisoma variegatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Acisoma,variegatum,,,,,"Kirby, 1898","Formerly Acisoma panorpoides was thought to occur in Africa, Madagascar and Asia. Recent taxonomic and genetic studies showed, that in Asia the true A. panorpoides occurs, while two different species each occur in Madagascar and continental Africa. The latter are separated in A. variegatum and in A. inflatum, both of them being described long ago and neglected since (Dijkstra and Clausnitzer 2014)." 56259873,Acisoma panorpoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Acisoma,panorpoides,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 178276,Phyllodactylus leei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,leei,,,,,"Cope, 1889", 59362,Plethodon wehrlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,wehrlei,,,,,"Fowler & Dunn, 1917", 59361,Plethodon websteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,websteri,,,,,"Highton, 1979",This species was formerly confused with Plethodon ventralis (formerly a form of P. dorsalis); the two species are morphologically similar but genetically distinct (Highton 1986). 59357,Plethodon vandykei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,vandykei,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1906",Plethodon idahoensis was formerly included in this species. 56350320,Staurois natator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Staurois,natator,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, S. guttatus and S. nubilus (Arifin et al. 2011)." 56350253,Staurois guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Staurois,guttatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",This is a split from the broader concept of Staurois natator (Arifin et al. 2011). 59340,Plethodon glutinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,glutinosus,,,,,"(Green, 1818)","Highton et al. (1989) recognized many species in this complex, but Petranka (1998) regarded recognition of these as premature and referred to all of them as Plethodon glutinosus. A more recent study revealed that nominal P. glutinosus is not only a species complex, but also that it is not monophyletic in nature (Fisher-Reid and Wiens 2011). For the purposes of this assessment, all of the biological populations treated as nominal P. glutinosus are considered in the assessment until such time as there is formal taxonomic resolution to the species identities involved." 178474,Liolaemus chaltin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chaltin,,,,,"Lobo & Espinoza, 2004", 178379,Stenocercus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 178395,Liolaemus signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,signifer,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)","This species as it is currently known is probably a species complex (R. Espinoza pers. comm.). The occurrence of this species in Chile has been questioned, with suggestions that records are referable to a related species. Recent collections have, however, been taken from this country (M. Ruiz de Gamboa, unpubl. data) and the most recent published treatment of this species' distribution concluded that the species ranges to Arica and Parinacota Region in northern Chile (Troncoso-Palacios 2014)." 59763,Proneura prolongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Proneura,prolongata,,,,,"Selys, 1889", 158805,Philogenia silvarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,silvarum,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 158837,Polythore lamerceda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,lamerceda,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1985", 158844,Inpabasis hubelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Inpabasis,hubelli,,,,,"Santos, 1961", 158882,Heteragrion flavidorsum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,flavidorsum,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 158909,Acanthagrion peruanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,peruanum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1942", 158920,Protoneura klugi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,klugi,,,,,"Cowley, 1941", 158934,Argia limitata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,limitata,,,,,"Navás, 1924","Taxonomic revision of this species is pending, and awaiting publication." 158941,Telebasis milleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,milleri,,,,,"Garrison, 1997", 158969,Ormenophlebia regina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Ormenophlebia,regina,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 158976,Aphylla spinula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,spinula,,,,,"Belle, 1992", 158993,Progomphus boliviensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,boliviensis,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 158997,Argia hamulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,hamulata,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 159008,Rhionaeschna peralta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,peralta,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)","The larva described as Aeshna peralta from Brazil (Santos 1966) corresponds to a different species (Rhionaeschna brasiliensis, von Ellenrieder and Costa 2002)." 159011,Phyllogomphoides singularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,singularis,,,,,"Belle, 1979", 159045,Aphylla robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,robusta,,,,,"Belle, 1976", 159054,Metaleptobasis mauffrayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,mauffrayi,,,,,"Daigle, 2000", 159079,Philogenia boliviana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,boliviana,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1988", 159081,Neuraeschna mayoruna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,mayoruna,,,,,"Belle, 1989", 159090,Philogenia buenavista,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,buenavista,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1988", 159107,Progomphus tantillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,tantillus,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 59434,Necturus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PROTEIDAE,Necturus,punctatus,,,,,"(Gibbes, 1850)", 59062,Ambystoma mabeei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,mabeei,,,,,"Bishop, 1928", 59065,Ambystoma opacum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,opacum,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1807)", 59069,Ambystoma talpoideum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,talpoideum,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1838)", 59074,Amphiuma means,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMPHIUMIDAE,Amphiuma,means,,,,,"Garden, 1821", 59076,Amphiuma tridactylum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMPHIUMIDAE,Amphiuma,tridactylum,,,,,"Cuvier, 1827", 54922,Centrolene lemniscatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,lemniscatum,,,,,"Duellman & Schulte, 1993",

Centrolene lemniscatum was tentatively assigned to Centrolene by Guayasamin et al. (2009) on the basis of morphology. 

54524,Atelopus lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,lynchi,,,,,"Cannatella, 1981","Rivero and Serna (1993 ""1991"") doubted that specimens from Valle del Cauca, Colombia, were correctly assigned to this species." 18435521,Atelopus ardila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,ardila,,,,,"Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010", 18435530,Atelopus orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,orcesi,,,,,"Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010", 18435537,Atelopus pastuso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,pastuso,,,,,"Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010", 56612441,Liladownsia fraile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Liladownsia,fraile,,,,,"Fontana, Mariño-Pérez, Woller & Song, 2014", 199622,Aurigequula fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Aurigequula,fasciata,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)",Chakrabarty et al. (2009) discuss generic placement of this species. 56092463,Rasbora dandia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,dandia,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)",Rasbora daniconius misapplied to this species (Silva et al. 2010) 56092699,Rasbora microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,microcephalus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)",Rasbora caverii misapplied to this species (Silva et al. 2010) 56096394,Tor remadevii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,remadevii,,,,,"Madhusoodana Kurup & Radhakrishnan, 2011","Kurup and Radhakrishnan (2007) described Tor remadevii from the Pambar, the southern-most tributary of the River Cauvery in Kerala. A re-description was subsequently published in 2010 (Kurup and Radhakrishnan 2010). While this update usefully included a line drawing of the fish, the authors still failed to include photographs, molecular evidence or congeneric morphological comparisons (using specimens). Despite these descriptive details being limited, recent research has confirmed T. remadevii to be conspecific with the Hump-backed Mahseer of the wider Cauvery catchment (Pinder et al. 2018).

The name 'Humpbacked Mahseer' was wrongly applied to Hypselobarbus mussullah, another endemic species of the Western Ghats, until Knight et al. (2013, 2014) and Pinder et al. (2018) clarified the identity and nomenclature of the Hump-backed Mahseer. The common name, 'Hump Backed Mahseer' previously available on the IUCN Red List account of Hypselobarbus mussullah is therefore incorrect." 56097702,Aplocheilus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Aplocheilus,parvus,,,,,"(Sundara Raj, 1916)", 56779782,Chromogobius britoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chromogobius,britoi,,,,,"Van Tassell, 2001", 55929685,Pyrgacris relictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PYRGACRIDIDAE,Pyrgacris,relictus,,,,,"Descamps, 1968", 56791472,Liolaemus chavin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chavin,,,,,"Aguilar, Wood, Cusi, Guzman, Huari, Lundberg, Mortensen, Ramí, Robles, Suárez, Ticona, Vargas, Venegas & Sites, 2013", 56791796,Liolaemus pachacutec,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pachacutec,,,,,"Aguilar, Wood, Cusi, Guzman, Huari, Lundberg, Mortensen, Ramí, Robles, Suárez, Ticona, Vargas, Venegas & Sites, 2013", 56791841,Liolaemus wari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,wari,,,,,"Aguilar, Wood, Cusi, Guzman, Huari, Lundberg, Mortensen, Ramí, Robles, Suárez, Ticona, Vargas, Venegas & Sites, 2013", 56792661,Aprasia litorea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,litorea,,,,,"Maryan, Bush & Adams, 2013", 56793245,Cnemaspis selamatkanmerapoh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,selamatkanmerapoh,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Jr., Mohamed, Chan, Heinz, Sumarli, Chan & Loredo, 2013", 56796470,Heteronotia binoei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Heteronotia,binoei,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","This is a known species complex of at least ten species, some with restricted ranges in northeast Australia (C. Moritz pers. comm. 2017)." 56796562,Heteronotia planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Heteronotia,planiceps,,,,,"Storr, 1989","The populations in the arid part of the southern and eastern Kimberleys are highly isolated and genetically divergent and subject to local extinction. There are two species to be described in the southeast part of its range, one is endemic to limestones in Judburra National Park, and the second is more widespread around Halls Creek including Purnululu National Park (C. Moritz pers. comm. 2017)." 56796650,Heteronotia spelea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Heteronotia,spelea,,,,,"(Kluge, 1963)", 56796731,Heteronotia atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Heteronotia,atra,,,,,"Pepper, Doughty, Fujita, Moritz & Keogh, 2013", 56798399,Saltuarius kateae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Saltuarius,kateae,,,,,"Couper, Sadlier, Shea & Worthington-Wilmer, 2008", 56798439,Saltuarius moritzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Saltuarius,moritzi,,,,,"Couper, Sadlier, Shea & Worthington-Wilmer, 2008", 56798504,Saltuarius salebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Saltuarius,salebrosus,,,,,"(Covacevich, 1975)", 56798733,Saltuarius swaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Saltuarius,swaini,,,,,"(Wells & Wellington, 1985)", 56798850,Saltuarius wyberba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Saltuarius,wyberba,,,,,"Couper, Schneider & Covacevich, 1997", 56798923,Saltuarius eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Saltuarius,eximius,,,,,"Hoskin & Couper, 2013", 54626,Anaxyrus debilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,debilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 54743,Anaxyrus quercicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,quercicus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1840)", 54777,Anaxyrus terrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,terrestris,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1789)", 56975622,Metaleptobasis brevicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,brevicauda,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975634,Metaleptobasis furcifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,furcifera,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975645,Metaleptobasis gabrielae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,gabrielae,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975665,Metaleptobasis guillermoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,guillermoi,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975676,Metaleptobasis orthogonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,orthogonia,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975687,Metaleptobasis panguanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,panguanae,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975719,Metaleptobasis peltata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,peltata,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975730,Metaleptobasis prostrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,prostrata,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975744,Metaleptobasis silvicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,silvicola,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975769,Metaleptobasis turbinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,turbinata,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 56975854,Polythore koepckei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Polythore,koepckei,,,,,"Börzsöny, 2013", 56976528,Amazoneura juruaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amazoneura,juruaensis,,,,,"Machado, 2004", 56976578,Forcepsioneura garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Forcepsioneura,garrisoni,,,,,"Lencioni, 1999", 56976600,Forcepsioneura grossiorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Forcepsioneura,grossiorum,,,,,"Machado, 2005", 56976638,Forcepsioneura haerteli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Forcepsioneura,haerteli,,,,,"Machado, 2001", 56976697,Forcepsioneura lucia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Forcepsioneura,lucia,,,,,"Machado, 2000", 47137465,Calamus brachysomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,brachysomus,,,,,"(Lockington, 1880)", 13152906,Bombus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,alpinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 56852409,Arnoglossus aspilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,aspilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","Along northern and western Australia, Arnoglossus aspilos is often treated as a distinct subspecies: Arnoglossus aspilos praeteritus (Whitley, 1950) (Hensley and Amaoka 2001)." 59120,Batrachoseps attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,attenuatus,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1833)", 59123,Batrachoseps gavilanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,gavilanensis,,,,,"Jockusch, Yanev & Wake, 2001", 59124,Batrachoseps gregarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,gregarius,,,,,"Jockusch, Wake & Yanev, 1998", 59130,Batrachoseps nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Batrachoseps,nigriventris,,,,,"Cope, 1869", 187790,Halichoeres leptotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Halichoeres,leptotaenia,,,,,"Randall & Earle, 1994", 56852135,Monocentris japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,MONOCENTRIDAE,Monocentris,japonica,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)", 47137515,Calamus taurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Calamus,taurinus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)", 56852265,Ilisha megaloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,megaloptera,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)","

The presence of Ilisha megaloptera in the Persian Gulf is questionable as it may be confused with  I. melastoma and I. compressa. Due to the uncertainty, reports from the Persian Gulf are not considered for the purposes of this assessment.

" 56852190,Ilisha melastoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,melastoma,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 49438010,Enneanectes wilki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,wilki,,,,,"Victor, 2013",Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). This species was recently split from E. boehlkei (Victor 2013). 56852510,Aesopia cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aesopia,cornuta,,,,,"Kaup, 1858", 57274554,Brachypterois serrulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Brachypterois,serrulifer,,,,,"Fowler, 1938","A recent taxonomic revision of the genus Brachypterus (Matsunuma et al. 2013) resulted in three valid species: B. serrulifer Fowler 1936, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific; B. serrulata (Richardson 1846), restricted to the northwestern Pacific Ocean; and B. curvispina Matsunuma, Sakurai & Motomura 2013, restricted to northeastern Australia." 57274377,Parascolopsis eriomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Parascolopsis,eriomma,,,,,"(Jordan & Richardson, 1909)",Some individuals from Taiwan that have been identified as P. eriomma may represent a cryptic species (B. Russell pers. comm. 2018). 13340462,Bombus inexspectatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,inexspectatus,,,,,"(Tkalcu, 1963)", 13340536,Bombus lapponicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,lapponicus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 13341899,Bombus magnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,magnus,,,,,"Vogt, 1911", 13342099,Bombus mendax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,mendax,,,,,"Gerstäcker, 1869", 13342522,Bombus mucidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,mucidus,,,,,"Gerstäcker, 1869",Bombus mucidus was considered formerly as a distinct subgenus (Mucidobombus). 13343448,Bombus perezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,perezi,,,,,"(Schulthess-Rechberg, 1886)", 13356494,Bombus pereziellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,pereziellus,,,,,"(Skorikov, 1922)", 18528992,Bombus pyrenaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,pyrenaeus,,,,,"Pérez, 1879", 18528848,Bombus reinigiellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,reinigiellus,,,,,"(Rasmont, 1983)",This species may be conspecific with B. hortorum but the taxonomic status is uncertain. No-one has a sufficiently broad analysis of this complex at present to conclude this authoritatively(P. Williams pers. comm. 2015). 57460899,Gastrotheca lojana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,lojana,,,,,"Parker, 1932","Removed from the synonymy of Gastrotheca monticola by Duellman et al. (2014), which is restricted to Peru." 57505347,Gastrotheca aratia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,aratia,,,,,"Duellman, Barley & Venegas, 2014", 57505356,Gastrotheca aguaruna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,aguaruna,,,,,"Duellman, Barley & Venegas, 2014", 899,Vulpes lagopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,lagopus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Often included in the genus Alopex, current evidence suggests that inclusion in Vulpes (sensu Wozencraft 2005) is warranted as Vulpes is otherwise paraphyletic with respect to Alopex. Nuclear and matrilineal (mitochondrial) DNA unambiguously support the inclusion of Alopex lagopus in Vulpes (Geffen et al. 1992, Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005, Perini et al. 2010)." 23059,Vulpes velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,velox,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 57453648,Bythites islandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bythites,islandicus,,,,,"Nielsen & Cohen, 1973", 59244,Desmognathus apalachicolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,apalachicolae,,,,,"Means & Karlin, 1989", 59246,Desmognathus brimleyorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,brimleyorum,,,,,"Stejneger, 1895", 59247,Desmognathus carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,carolinensis,,,,,"Dunn, 1916", 57791251,Araneus hortensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Araneus,hortensis,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1859)","Araneus hortensis has not been found since its description in 1859 (Blackwall 1859). Given the usually easy sampling of similar species, being relatively large orb weavers, and the fact that the single known specimen was captured in a garden, this may be due to either it being a synonym of another, potentially common, species or an species that has been introduced to Madeira." 57808219,Gibbaranea occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Gibbaranea,occidentalis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1989", 57814515,Emblyna acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,DICTYNIDAE,Emblyna,acoreensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 57822386,Lathys affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,DICTYNIDAE,Lathys,affinis,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1862)", 57842073,Dysdera coiffaiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,DYSDERIDAE,Dysdera,coiffaiti,,,,,"Denis, 1962", 57842078,Dysdera diversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,DYSDERIDAE,Dysdera,diversa,,,,,"Blackwall, 1862", 57854498,Dysdera portisancti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,DYSDERIDAE,Dysdera,portisancti,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1995", 57859856,Dysdera vandeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,DYSDERIDAE,Dysdera,vandeli,,,,,"Denis, 1962", 57883687,Drassodes rugichelis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Drassodes,rugichelis,,,,,"Denis, 1962", 57890654,Echemus modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Echemus,modestus,,,,,"Kulczynski, 1899",Not recorded since original description from Madeira with uncertain locality (Kulczyński 1899). 57979652,Scotognapha paivai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Scotognapha,paivai,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1864)", 57979695,Hahnia insulana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,HAHNIIDAE,Hahnia,insulana,,,,,"Schenkel, 1938", 57979728,Agyneta rugosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Agyneta,rugosa,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 57979781,Centromerus anoculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Centromerus,anoculus,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1995","Possible junior synonym of Centromerus sexoculatus Wunderlich, 1992
(Reboleira et al. 2011) which if true could considerably impact the species extinction risk
assessment." 57979794,Centromerus sexoculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Centromerus,sexoculatus,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992","Possible senior synonymy with Centromerus anoculus Wunderlich,
1995 (Reboleira et al. 2011)" 57979798,Centromerus variegatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Centromerus,variegatus,,,,,"Denis, 1962", 57979897,Ceratinopsis infuscata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Ceratinopsis,infuscata,,,,,"(Denis, 1962)", 57980037,Frontinellina dearmata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Frontinellina,dearmata,,,,,"(Kulczynski, 1899)", 57980080,Frontiphantes fulgurenotatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Frontiphantes,fulgurenotatus,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1938)", 58020645,Canariphantes acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Canariphantes,acoreensis,,,,,"(Wunderlich, 1992)", 58020649,Lepthyphantes impudicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Lepthyphantes,impudicus,,,,,"Kulczynski, 1909", 58020677,Lepthyphantes lundbladi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Lepthyphantes,lundbladi,,,,,"Schenkel, 1938", 58020687,Lepthyphantes mauli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Lepthyphantes,mauli,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58020787,Minicia floresensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Minicia,floresensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58021346,Prinerigone pigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Prinerigone,pigra,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1862)", 58021404,Savigniorrhipis acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Savigniorrhipis,acoreensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58048181,Turinyphia maderiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Turinyphia,maderiana,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1938)", 58048304,Typhochrestus acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Typhochrestus,acoreensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58048491,Mesiotelus maderianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LIOCRANIDAE,Mesiotelus,maderianus,,,,,"Kulczynski, 1899", 58048540,Arctosa maderana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Arctosa,maderana,,,,,"Roewer, 1960", 58048548,Hogna biscoitoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,biscoitoi,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992",Despite intensive searches during the last decade it was not possible to find this species recently described from undetermined locality in the island of Porto Santo (Wunderlich 1992). It probably is a junior synonym of Hogna insularum. 58048559,Hogna heeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,heeri,,,,,"(Thorell, 1875)", 58048571,Hogna ingens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,ingens,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1857)","Hogna ingens was described in 1857 by John Blackwall (1857). Despite several taxonomic redescriptions from pioneer arachnologists (Blackwall 1867, Kulczynski 1899, Roewer 1960, Denis 1962 and later Wunderlich 1992), every other aspect of this remarkable species remained unknown until recently (Crespo et al. 2014)." 58048609,Hogna insularum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,insularum,,,,,"(Kulczynski, 1899)", 58048618,Hogna maderiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,maderiana,,,,,"(Walckenaer, 1837)", 58048634,Hogna nonannulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,nonannulata,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1995", 58048645,Hogna schmitzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,schmitzi,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58048677,Pardosa acorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Pardosa,acorensis,,,,,"Simon, 1883", 58048804,Trogloneta madeirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,MYSMENIDAE,Trogloneta,madeirensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1987", 58048890,Oecobius minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OECOBIIDAE,Oecobius,minor,,,,,"Kulczynski, 1909", 58048910,Oecobius selvagensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OECOBIIDAE,Oecobius,selvagensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1995", 58049175,Philodromus insulanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHILODROMIDAE,Philodromus,insulanus,,,,,"Kulczynski, 1905", 58049180,Philodromus simillimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHILODROMIDAE,Philodromus,simillimus,,,,,"Denis, 1962",The species is not found since 1962 and needs taxonomic clarification (Denis 1962). 58049419,Pholcus dentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Pholcus,dentatus,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1995", 58049423,Pholcus madeirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Pholcus,madeirensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1987", 58049427,Pholcus magnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Pholcus,magnus,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1987", 58049431,Pholcus parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Pholcus,parvus,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1987", 58049631,Pholcus silvai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Pholcus,silvai,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1995", 58051156,Spermophorides selvagensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHOLCIDAE,Spermophorides,selvagensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58051475,Pisaura acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PISAURIDAE,Pisaura,acoreensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58051517,Zimirina lepida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Zimirina,lepida,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1859)", 58052642,Macaroeris desertensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Macaroeris,desertensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58052741,Meta barreti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRAGNATHIDAE,Meta,barreti,,,,,"Kulczynski, 1899", 58052776,Meta stridulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRAGNATHIDAE,Meta,stridulans,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1987", 58052793,Sancus acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRAGNATHIDAE,Sancus,acoreensis,,,,,"(Wunderlich, 1992)", 58052874,Dipoenata longitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Dipoenata,longitarsis,,,,,"(Denis, 1962)", 58052925,Lasaeola oceanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Lasaeola,oceanica,,,,,"Simon, 1883", 58053021,Rugathodes acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Rugathodes,acoreensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1992", 58053028,Rugathodes madeirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Rugathodes,madeirensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 1987", 58053050,Rugathodes pico,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Rugathodes,pico,,,,,"(Merrett & Ashmole, 1989)",The species belongs in the Theridion sexpunctatum group. 58053093,Steatoda distincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERIDIIDAE,Steatoda,distincta,,,,,"(Blackwall, 1859)","Possible junior synonym of Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1806), a widespread palearctic species (Denis 1962)." 58053406,Misumena nigromaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THOMISIDAE,Misumena,nigromaculata,,,,,"Denis, 1963", 58053533,Xysticus grohi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THOMISIDAE,Xysticus,grohi,,,,,"(Wunderlich, 1992)", 58053588,Xysticus madeirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THOMISIDAE,Xysticus,madeirensis,,,,,"(Wunderlich, 1992)", 58063163,Canariphantes junipericola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Canariphantes,junipericola,,,,,"Crespo & Bosmans, 2014", 58063699,Canariphantes relictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Canariphantes,relictus,,,,,"Crespo & Bosmans, 2014", 58064398,Savigniorrhipis topographicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Savigniorrhipis,topographicus,,,,,"Crespo, 2013", 59252,Desmognathus monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,monticola,,,,,"Dunn, 1916", 58076171,Macarophaeus cultior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Macarophaeus,cultior,,,,,"(Kulczynski, 1899)", 58076796,Acorigone acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Acorigone,acoreensis,,,,,"(Wunderlich, 1992)", 58077015,Acorigone zebraneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Acorigone,zebraneus,,,,,"Wunderlich, 2008", 58079814,Agyneta depigmentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Agyneta,depigmentata,,,,,"Wunderlich, 2008", 58080119,Porrhomma borgesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Porrhomma,borgesi,,,,,"Wunderlich, 2008", 58080969,Turinyphia cavernicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Turinyphia,cavernicola,,,,,"Wunderlich, 2008",This species was described based on males only. 58081425,Typhochrestus madeirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Typhochrestus,madeirensis,,,,,"Crespo, 2013", 58082390,Cheiracanthium floresense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CHEIRACANTHIIDAE,Cheiracanthium,floresense,,,,,"Wunderlich, 2008", 58082591,Cheiracanthium jorgeense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CHEIRACANTHIIDAE,Cheiracanthium,jorgeense,,,,,"Wunderlich, 2008", 58082902,Neon acoreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Neon,acoreensis,,,,,"Wunderlich, 2008", 223,Acipenser fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,fulvescens,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1817","Lake Sturgeon had been assigned at least 17 different scientific names during the 19th and 20th centuries due to the variation in colour and shape displayed by the different life stages and populations (Scott and Crossman 1973). Eventually, Lake Sturgeon was recognized as one species with the scientific designation Acipenser fulvescens (fulvescens – yellowish or tawny) originally proposed by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840). The common name Lake Sturgeon was given due to the abundance of the species in the Great Lakes (Harkness and Dymond 1961).

Fossil evidence indicates that sturgeons evolved as a phyletic group approximately 200 million years ago (Bemis et al. 1997). Although Acipenseriformes is generally agreed by taxonomists to be a monophyletic group, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Acipenser has been questioned with suggestions that the members of the genus do not share a single synapomorphic molecular character indicating possible multiple evolutionary lineages (Birstein et al. 2002). In any event, members of the genus share numerous common morphological features, although Lake Sturgeon is the only species in the genus that completes all of its lifecycle in freshwater (i.e. it is potamodromous)." 13917,Moxostoma hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,hubbsi,,,,,"Legendre, 1952", 2721,Bedotia madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,madagascariensis,,,,,"Regan, 1903", 2722,Bedotia tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,tricolor,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1932",Eschmeyer (2004) lists this as valid following Sparks 2001 (the most recent study he includes). Sparks and Smith (in press) presents a phylogeny indicating that this is a distinct species. 8951,Gasterosteus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Gasterosteus,aculeatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This species had been separated in G. aculeatus and G. gymnurus, but G. gymnurus is now treated as a synonym." 9267,Glossogobius ankaranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,ankaranensis,,,,,"Banister, 1994", 15778,Oxylapia polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oxylapia,polli,,,,,"Kiener & Maugé, 1966", 15838,Pachypanchax omalonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,omalonota,,,,,"(Duméril, 1861)","This species was assessed in 2004 under the name P. omalonatus, but this is now corrected to P. omalonata following current usage." 15839,Pachypanchax sakaramyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,sakaramyi,,,,,"(Holly, 1928)", 15949,Pantanodon madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pantanodon,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Arnoult, 1963)","The placement of Pantanodon is problematic. Based on the most recent studies, it should be placed under Poeciliidae (Parenti 1981, Ghedotti 2000) (J. Sparks pers. comm.)" 16199,Paratilapia polleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paratilapia,polleni,,,,,"Bleeker, 1868", 16200,Paratilapia bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paratilapia,bleekeri,,,,,"Sauvage, 1891","This species is considered a synonym of Paratilapia polleni Bleeker, 1868 according to Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016). John Sparks (pers. comm. 2016) has looked at the type specimens and considers this species as distinct from Paratilapia polleni. Here it is considered a valid species. An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change." 16235,Paretroplus kieneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,kieneri,,,,,"Arnoult, 1960", 16236,Paretroplus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,maculatus,,,,,"Kiener & Maugé, 1966", 16237,Paretroplus petiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,petiti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1929", 16238,Paretroplus polyactis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,polyactis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1878", 18830,Ptychochromis oligacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,oligacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1868)","Specimens of Tilapia oligacanthus Bleeker, 1868 from Lake Pambilao, Madagascar are described as var. nossibeensis. Valid as Ptychochromis oligacanthus (Bleeker, 1868)." 19317,Ratsirakia legendrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Ratsirakia,legendrei,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1919)", 19387,Redigobius dewaali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,dewaali,,,,,"(Weber, 1897)", 19388,Redigobius bikolanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,bikolanus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)","This genus was reviewed by Larson (2010), and the current limits of the species may comprise several taxa. Genetic and morphological studies covering all habitat types and geographic localities may help to clarify if there are cryptic species within R. bikolanus." 19478,Rheocles alaotrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Rheocles,alaotrensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1914)","

A recent study done by the Ambatovy project revealed that the Rianila and Mangoro subpopulations are genetically different from the Alaotra subpopulation.

" 19481,Rheocles sikorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Rheocles,sikorae,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1891)", 19482,Rheocles wrightae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Rheocles,wrightae,,,,,"Stiassny, 1990", 19926,Sauvagella madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sauvagella,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)", 21628,Teramulus kieneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Teramulus,kieneri,,,,,"Smith, 1965", 22595,Typhleotris madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Typhleotris,madagascariensis,,,,,"Petit, 1933", 22596,Typhleotris pauliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Typhleotris,pauliani,,,,,"Arnoult, 1959", 39375,Carcharhinus melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,melanopterus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 44458,Acentrogobius therezieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,therezieni,,,,,"Kiener, 1963", 44459,Ambassis fontoynonti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,fontoynonti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1932", 44464,Bedotia masoala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,masoala,,,,,"Sparks, 2001", 44465,Bedotia marojejy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,marojejy,,,,,"Stiassny & Harrison, 2000", 44478,Awaous macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,macrorhynchus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1867)",This species was submitted as Chonophorus macrorhynchus and subsequently corrected to Awaous macrorhynchus on recommendation of Paul Loiselle. 44479,Eleotris pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,pellegrini,,,,,"Maugé, 1984", 44480,Eleotris vomerodentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,vomerodentata,,,,,"Maugé, 1984", 44482,Gobius hypselosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,hypselosoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1867", 44483,Pachypanchax sparksorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,sparksorum,,,,,"Loiselle, 2006",This species appeared on the IUCN Red List as Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Anjingo' until 2016. This species was formally described as Pachypanchax sparksorum in Loiselle (2006). An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change. 44484,Pachypanchax arnoulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,arnoulti,,,,,"Loiselle, 2006",This species appeared on the IUCN Red List as Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Betsiboka' until 2016. This species was formally described as Pachypanchax arnoulti in Loiselle (2006). An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change. 44485,Pachypanchax varatraza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,varatraza,,,,,"Loiselle, 2006",This species was submitted as Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Menambery' and subsequently changed to Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Varatraza' on recommendation of Paul Loiselle and published on The IUCN Red List in 2004. The species was subsequently formally described and named (Loiselle 2006). 44492,Paretroplus menarambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,menarambo,,,,,"Allgayer, 1996", 44493,Paretroplus maromandia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,maromandia,,,,,"Sparks & Reinthal, 1999",Note the species name is maromandia not maromamdia (see FishBase). 44494,Paretroplus nourissati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,nourissati,,,,,"(Allgayer, 1998)", 44495,Paretroplus dambabe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,dambabe,,,,,"Sparks, 2002", 44497,Paretroplus gymnopreopercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,gymnopreopercularis,,,,,"Sparks, 2008","Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva." 44499,Paretroplus loisellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,loisellei,,,,,"Sparks & Schelly, 2011",Voucher specimens held at the American Museum of Natural History. 44501,Paretroplus lamenabe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,lamenabe,,,,,"Sparks, 2008",Voucher specimens have been deposited with the American Museum of Natural History. Submitted as Paretroplus sp. nov. 'Mahajamba' and subsequently changed to Paretroplus sp. nov. 'Giant Lamena' on recommendation of Paul Loiselle. 44502,Ptychochromis grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,grandidieri,,,,,"Sauvage, 1882", 44503,Ptychochromis inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,inornatus,,,,,"Sparks, 2002", 44504,Ptychochromis onilahy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,onilahy,,,,,"Stiassny & Sparks, 2006","This species was formally described in 2006 based on specimens held at MNHN, Paris (Stiassny and Sparks 2006)." 44505,Pachypanchax patriciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,patriciae,,,,,"Loiselle, 2006",This species appeared on the IUCN Red List as Pachypanchax sp. nov. 'Talio' until 2016. This species was formally described as Pachypanchax patriciae in Loiselle (2006). An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change. 44510,Ptychochromis insolitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,insolitus,,,,,"Stiassny & Sparks, 2006",This species appeared on the IUCN Red List as Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Joba mena' until 2016. This species was formally described as Ptychochromis insolitus in Stiassny and Sparks (2006). An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change. 44511,Ptychochromoides vondrozo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromoides,vondrozo,,,,,"Sparks & Reinthal, 2001",This species was included as Ptychochromoides sp. nov. in earlier versions of the IUCN Red List. 44659,Rheocles derhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Rheocles,derhami,,,,,"Stiassny & Rodriguez, 2001", 44660,Rheocles vatosoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Rheocles,vatosoa,,,,,"Stiassny, Rodriguez & Loiselle, 2002", 44665,Stenogobius polyzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,polyzona,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1867)", 60841,Haplochromis desfontainii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,desfontainii,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","H. desfontainii is the type species of the genus Astatotilapia, the current concept of which is widely regarded as polyphyletic. It is therefore retained within the catch-all genus Haplochromis here, pending a conclusive taxonomic review of African haplochromine cichlids. A desert-dwelling haplochromine cichlid population reported to inhabit Oued Arak, a tributary of Oued Botha in Tamanrasset Province, southern Algeria, remains in need of identification and may represent an additional subpopulation.
" 61248,Lepomis cyanellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,cyanellus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1819", 61260,Lepomis macrochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,macrochirus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1819", 61265,Micropterus salmoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Micropterus,salmoides,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 62220,Sarotherodon galilaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,galilaeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 63281,Labeo congoro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,congoro,,,,,"Peters, 1852", 126219156,Engraulicypris brevianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Engraulicypris,brevianalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)","Until recently the river sardine in southern Africa was recognised as a single widespread species in the genus Mesobola. Riddin et al. revised the group in 2016. They recognised four species in southern Africa in a monophyletic group and placed these in the genus Engraulicypris. Within South Africa two species are recognised and both spill over northern borders into neighbouring river systems/countries. Engraulicypris gariepinus occurs in the lower Orange River System below Augrabies Falls in South Africa and will probably be present in the lower Fish River in Namibia. Engraulicypris brevianalis is an east coast species ranging from the Mkuze River (St Lucia system) in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa to the northern Limpopo System just south of Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. Engraulicypris whittei from the Aapies River near Pretoria is considered a junior synonym of E. brevianalis although Riddin et al. (2016) found small genetic differences between populations from the southern east coast and northern Limpopo populations. Save and Zambezi populations in Zimbabwe need further examination to determine if they are introductions." 141973907,Nothobranchius rachovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,rachovii,,,,,"Ahl, 1926","Nothobranchius rachovii was established as a species by Ahl in 1926, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

Populations first observed in 1968 in Kruger National Park of South Africa and subsequently in several river drainages in southern Mozambique were earlier referred to as the black form of N. rachovii; whereas populations from the Kwa-Kwa (Cuacua) and Licuare River systems in Mozambique were also regarded as belonging to N. rachovii until Shidlovskiy et al. (2010) published a redescription of N. rachovii, restricting its distribution to the lower Pungwe, lower Zambezi and lower Shire Rivers. Populations from South Africa and southern Mozambique, and those from the Kwa-Kwa (Cuacua) and Licuare River systems in Mozambique were described by Shidlovskiy et al. (2010) as N. pienaari and N. krysanovi, respectively." 63356,Glossogobius callidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,callidus,,,,,"(Smith, 1937)", 154855,Hippichthys spicifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippichthys,spicifer,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 155201,Ambassis urotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,urotaenia,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852","The species was reviewed by Allen and Burgess (1990) who noted that this species is frequently misidentified and some distributions may be suspect (e.g. it does not occur in Australia). It is often misidentified as Ambassis commersoni Cuvier, 1828, which is a synonym of Ambassis ambassis Lacepède 1802.


" 166090,Channa maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,maculata,,,,,(Lacepède 1801) ,"


" 166562,Gambusia affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,affinis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 166881,Ambassis ambassis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,ambassis,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","Ambassis ambassis was originally described as Centropomus ambassis by Lacepède (1802) from Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Günther (1859), Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Jayaram (1999) considered Ambassis ambassis as a synonym of Ambassis commersoni, which should be other way round (Anderson and Heemstra 2003). This widespread species is likely to be a complex and further taxonomic studies, preferably involving molecular techniques, are essential.
" 167945,Odaxothrissa losera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Odaxothrissa,losera,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 167947,Odaxothrissa vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Odaxothrissa,vittata,,,,,"Regan, 1917", 55499904,Cyphomyrus discorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Cyphomyrus,discorhynchus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","Cyphomyrus cubangoensis (Pellegrin, 1935) was resurrected for specimens from above Victoria Falls, i.e. in the Kavango, Kwando and Upper Zambezi Rivers by Kramer and van der Bank (2011)." 167987,Zaireichthys compactus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,compactus,,,,,"Seegers, 2008", 168219,Raiamas guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,guttatus,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","Day (1870) described Opsarius guttatus from Myanmar. Kottelat (2001) placed the species under the genus Raiamas.
" 169358,Microphis leiaspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,leiaspis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","Dawson (1984, 1985) and most later authors consider Coelonotus to be a subgenus of Microphis based on morphology and meristics. Kottelat (2013) and Delrieu-Trottin et al. (2015) resurrect Coelonotus with no annotation or justification. See Hamilton et al. (2016) for a molecular phylogeny which includes this species.

Kuiter (2009) resurrects Microphis vaillantii Juillerat 1880 with no annotation or justification. That species was synonymized by Dawson (1984, 1985)." 169361,Hippichthys heptagonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippichthys,heptagonus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1849",Numerous synonyms all outside the southern African region. 169407,Parasicydium bandama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parasicydium,bandama,,,,,"Risch, 1980", 169416,Nothobranchius symoensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,symoensi,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1978","

Nothobranchius symoensi was established as a species by Wildekamp in 1978, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 169420,Epiplatys bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)",There are two subspecies: E. bifasciatus bifasciatus and E. bifasciatus taeniatus. 169460,Scriptaphyosemion nigrifluvi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,nigrifluvi,,,,,"(Romand, 1982)", 172363,Elops machnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,ELOPIDAE,Elops,machnata,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Elops machnata and E. hawaiensis occur sympatrically in the Western Pacific and possibly the Hawaiian Islands, so further research appears warranted. In the northern south China Sea, for example, Shao et al. (2008) claim that E. hawaiensis historically reported in the region are misidentifications of E. machnata. Wang et al. (2002) state that genetic data are now available to discriminate between E. machnata and E. hawaiensis." 181000,Mugilogobius mertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,mertoni,,,,,"(Weber, 1911)",It is very likely to be a species complex and work is ongoing. 181558,Oreochromis spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,spilurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 181642,Nannocharax niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,niloticus,,,,,"(Joannis, 1835)", 181693,Coptodon walteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,walteri,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1968)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Coptodon (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 181738,Chiloglanis neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,neumanni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911",There is taxonomic uncertainty and this species is possibly actually two species (Seegers 1995). 181762,Labeo forskalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,forskalii,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 181798,Nothobranchius polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,polli,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1978","

Populations of this species originating from the upper Lufira system were first identified as N. brieni, which species was the first and, for 40 years, the only Nothobranchius species described from the Congo and upper Zambezi river drainages, and the populations were also referred to as N. aff. taeniopygus, based on the presence of broad light subdistal band in the caudal fin. Finally, Nothobranchius polli was established as a distinct species by Wildekamp in 1978, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 181806,Micropanchax kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,kingii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Aplocheilichthys but is now considered valid in the genus Micropanchax (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 181819,Doumea chappuisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Doumea,chappuisi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1933", 181848,Oreochromis urolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,urolepis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1966)", 181855,Clarias laeviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,laeviceps,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 181862,Pollimyrus petherici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,petherici,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 181872,Heterotilapia buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Heterotilapia,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Hubrecht, 1881)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Heterotilapia. The spelling has also been updated from buttikoferi to buettikoferi (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 181895,Petrocephalus bovei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,bovei,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 181908,Nothobranchius malaissei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,malaissei,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1978","

Nothobranchius malaissei was established as a species by Wildekamp in 1978, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 141974164,Nothobranchius rosenstocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,rosenstocki,,,,,"Valdesalici & Wildekamp, 2005","Nothobranchius rosenstocki was established as a species by Valdesalici & Wildekamp in 2005, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

Populations from the Mansa River drainage, discovered in 1989, were also included in the group of populations regarded as N. rosenstocki, but subsequent morphological and molecular studies showed these populations to represent a distinct species described as Nothobranchius cooperi, by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in 2017 (in Nagy et al. 2017)." 181939,Petrocephalus bane,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,bane,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 181946,Coptodon coffea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,coffea,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1970)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Coptodon (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 181968,Citharinops distichodoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharinops,distichodoides,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1924)", 182006,Synodontis khartoumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,khartoumensis,,,,,"Abu Gideiri, 1967",The taxonomic status of specimens from Lake Albert needs close examination. 182023,Clarias hilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,hilli,,,,,"Fowler, 1936", 182038,Sarotherodon melanotheron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,melanotheron,,,,,"Rüppell, 1852","This species consists of three subspecies: Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron, Sarotherodon melanotheron leonensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron heudolotii (Paugy et al. 2003).


" 182054,Nothobranchius hassoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,hassoni,,,,,"Valdesalici & Wildekamp, 2004","

Nothobranchius hassoni was established as a species by Valdesalici and Wildekamp in 2004, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 182073,Petrocephalus simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,simus,,,,,"Sauvage, 1879", 182112,Scriptaphyosemion bertholdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,bertholdi,,,,,"(Roloff, 1965)", 182113,Mormyrus kannume,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,kannume,,,,,"Forsskål, 1775",Records of the Tana and Athi systems are dubious and probably refer to a different species. The status of the North Ewaso Nyiro subpopulations is uncertain and also needs further study (Seegers et al. 2003). 182136,Chrysichthys auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,auratus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809)","Subgenus (Chrysichthys): C. auratus exhibits pronounced intraspecific variability, and a clinal series can be demonstrated in the size of the adipose fin and the number of gill rakers (Risch 1986): subpopulations from the Nile, Chad, Senegal and the upper reaches of Niger River, Comoe, Benue and Volta have a lower number of gill rakers and a larger adipose fin than the populations of the coastal areas from Liberia to Cabinda. The subpopulations of the middle and lower reaches of the Niger, the Comoe, the Benue and the Volta are more or less intermediate between the two. Therefore we consider all populations to represent a single, highly variable, species (Geerinckx et al. 2007).

Chrysichthys persimilis and Chrysichthys rueppelli are considered to be males of Chrysichthys auratus (Risch and Vreven 2007)." 182155,Polypterus bichir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,bichir,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1802", 182228,Sarotherodon tournieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,tournieri,,,,,"(Daget, 1965)", 182266,Nothobranchius virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,virgatus,,,,,"Chambers, 1984","

Nothobranchius virgatus was established as a species by Chambers in 1984, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. Costa (2018) assigned the species to the newly created subgenus Plesiobranchius.

" 182281,Nothobranchius brieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,brieni,,,,,"Poll, 1938","Nothobranchius brieni was established as a species by Poll in 1938, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. It was the first Nothobranchius species described from the Congo and upper Zambezi river drainages. Despite the good impression of the specific colour pattern provided in the original description, the species name was also attributed to other Nothobranchius species collected in the Congo and upper Zambezi drainages, until Wildekamp published a redescription of N. brieni in 1978, together with the description of other species from the region, thereby clarifying the situation." 182338,Scriptaphyosemion liberiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,liberiense,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 182467,Micropanchax keilhacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,keilhacki,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Aplocheilichthys but is now considered valid in the genus Micropanchax (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 182470,Pelmatolapia mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelmatolapia,mariae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)",This species previously appeared in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Pelmatolapia (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 182480,Coptodon rheophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,rheophilus,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Coptodon (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 182500,Coptodon discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,discolor,,,,,"(Günther, 1903)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Coptodon (Eschmeyer et al. 2018).

This species recognised as Tilapia discolor (Gunther, 1903) in Paugy et al. (2003) is the same one described by Gunther (1903) as Chromis discolor from the same sources. Therefore, the substantive name is likely to be Tilapia discolor and not Coptodon discolor." 182507,Nothobranchius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,fasciatus,,,,,"Wildekamp & Haas, 1992","

Nothobranchius fasciatus was established as a species by Wildekamp and Haas in 1992, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 182524,Coelotilapia joka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coelotilapia,joka,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Coelotilapia (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 182574,Protopterus aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,SARCOPTERYGII,LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES,PROTOPTERIDAE,Protopterus,aethiopicus,,,,,"Heckel, 1851", 182615,Polypterus senegalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,senegalus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 182622,Coptodon louka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,louka,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Coptodon (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 182634,Coptodon dageti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,dageti,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1971)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Coptodon (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 182743,Mormyrus rume,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,rume,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182752,Lacustricola pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Lacustricola,pumilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","Records from Lakes Victoria, Albert and George (Greenwood 1966) represent Aplocheilichthys bukobanus, not A. pumilus (Wildekamp 1995)." 182893,Luciobarbus leptopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,leptopogon,,,,,"(Schimper, 1834)",This species is a member of the genus Luciobarbus following Geiger et al. (2014). 182905,Pelvicachromis pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelvicachromis,pulcher,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 182921,Pollimyrus isidori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,isidori,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)", 182948,Mormyrus niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,niloticus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 183154,Afronandus sheljuzhkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Afronandus,sheljuzhkoi,,,,,"(Meinken, 1954)", 183161,Sicydium brevifile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,brevifile,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1884", 183162,Micropanchax pfaffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,pfaffi,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)", 183164,Labeo horie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,horie,,,,,"Heckel, 1846","The taxonomic status of the Turkana population is not yet fully settled. The name is misspelled as Lebeo lorii by Hamblyn (1962) and as L. hornie by Mann (1964). Some Labeo specimens from the Lake Turkana drainage housed in collections in the British Natural History Museum are doubtfully identified as L. niloticus (Forsskål 1775), but most likely belong to L. hornie (Seegers et al. unpublished)." 183166,Micralestes elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,elongatus,,,,,"Daget, 1957","Micralestes elongatus is most similar to Micralestes acutidens, from which it differs in the presence of conical, monocuspid (vs. multicuspid) inner dentary teeth, inner premaxillary and outer dentary teeth with fewer cusps, and a slightly more slender body. In terms of overall appearance and coloration, the two species are nearly identical.

The taxonomic status of the Turkana population is unclear. It is previously also listed as Alestes acutidens (Peters, 1852) by Hopson and Hopson (1982), a misidentification (Seegers et al. 2004). The population in West Africa is however taxonomically clear (Paugy et al. 2003)" 185814,Haplochromis goldschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,goldschmidti,,,,,"Witte, Westbroek & de Zeeuw, 2013","Referred to as Haplochromis ""dusky argens"" (de Zeeuw et al. 2013)." 186089,Stenogobius gymnopomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,gymnopomus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","The taxonomy of all Stenogobius species is in flux, with about 30 nominal species (and only a few of these probably valid) and the genus in great need of review. Stenogobius gymnopomus is often misidentified in books and online databases under a variety of names." 188101,Ophiocara porocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Ophiocara,porocephala,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)",The taxonomy of this species has never been reviewed and it may represent more than one species. 191748,Poecilia latipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,latipinna,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)", 194308,Elops senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,ELOPIDAE,Elops,senegalensis,,,,,"Regan, 1909","There are no issues regarding the validity of the species, but it should be noted that it is often confused with Elops lacerta (Whitehead 1990). Elops senegalensis and E. lacerta occur sympatrically across the entire range of E. senegalensis, so further research appears warranted.

Even though Elops lacerta and Elops senegalensis occur sympatrically across the entire range and appear confusing with each other they can always be distinguished by number of scales on the lateral line; 92-100 for E. senegalensis and 72-83 for E. lacerta (Paugy et al. 2003)." 196315,Eleotris acanthopomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,acanthopomus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853","The genus Eleotris is feminine, but Kottelat (1993) accepts acanthopomus as a noun, which does not need to change gender when combined with Eleotris." 196371,Sicyopterus lagocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,lagocephalus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)","The species in the synonymy were listed by Keith et al. (2015)." 53873065,Zaireichthys lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,lacustris,,,,,"Eccles, Tweddle & Skelton, 2011", 53873075,Zaireichthys maravensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,maravensis,,,,,"Eccles, Tweddle & Skelton, 2011", 53873079,Zaireichthys monomotapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,monomotapa,,,,,"Eccles, Tweddle & Skelton, 2011","New studies are showing that there is more diversity in this group of small sand catlets than previously recognised, and Z. monomatapa may be split up further in future." 53875415,Hepsetus kingsleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEPSETIDAE,Hepsetus,kingsleyae,,,,,"Vreven, Decru & Snoeks, 2013", 53875539,Malapterurus cavalliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,cavalliensis,,,,,"Roberts, 2000","Roberts (2000) described Malapterurus cavalliensis from the Cavally River in Côte d'Ivoire and remarked that this species might occur further west, in Liberian rivers. Malapterurus thysi was described by Norris (2002) from the Cess and Cavally Rivers in Côte d'Ivoire, and it might be identical to Malapterurus cavalliensis giving the same data for the distribution region, the broad bands of teeth, and the low number of vertebrae, as well as the coloration (Seegers 2008). Ferraris (2007) notes that Malapterurus thysi is questionably a synonym of Malapterurus cavalliensis (Ferraris 2007). Here Malapterurus thysi is consdiered a synonym of Malapterurus cavalliensis." 53875601,Malapterurus leonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,leonensis,,,,,"Roberts, 2000", 53875712,Malapterurus tanoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,tanoensis,,,,,"Roberts, 2000", 53884646,Nothobranchius boklundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,boklundi,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2010","Nothobranchius boklundi was established as a species by Valdesalici in 2010, and that status has since been accepted by all authors." 53885949,Nothobranchius cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,cardinalis,,,,,"Watters, Cooper & Wildekamp, 2008","

Following its discovery in 1985, this species was initially proposed as a population of N. rubripinnis (Seegers 1986). Subsequent studies showed it to be a distinct species that was described as Nothobranchius cardinalis by Watters, Cooper & Wildekamp in 2008, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. The year for the journal issue in which the description appeared is 2007 but that issue of the journal was printed in January 2008, thereby representing the year in which the species description became available.

" 53888132,Nothobranchius hengstleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,hengstleri,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2007","

Nothobranchius hengstleri was established as a species by Valdesalici in 2007, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53890320,Nothobranchius ivanovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,ivanovae,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2012","

Nothobranchius ivanovae was established as a species by Valdesalici in 2012, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53902348,Nothobranchius kadleci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,kadleci,,,,,"Reichard, 2010","

Nothobranchius kadleci was established as a species by Reichard in 2010, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53903541,Nothobranchius kardashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,kardashevi,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2012","

Nothobranchius kardashevi was established as a species by Valdesalici in 2012, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53903968,Nothobranchius krammeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,krammeri,,,,,"Valdesalici & Hengstler, 2008","

Nothobranchius krammeri was established as a species by Valdesalici and Hengstler in 2008, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53904009,Nothobranchius krysanovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,krysanovi,,,,,"Shidlovskiy, Watters & Wildekamp, 2010","Nothobranchius krysanovi was established as a species by Shidlovskiy, Watters and Wildekamp in 2010, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. When first observed in 1973, populations of this species were regarded as belonging to N. rachovii until Shidlovskiy et al. (2010) published the redescription of this latter species, restricting its distribution to the lower Pungwe, lower Zambezi and lower Shire rivers, and separating the populations from the Kwa-Kwa (Cuacua) and Licuare river systems into a new species as N. krysanovi." 53904054,Nothobranchius lucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,lucius,,,,,"Wildekamp, Shidlovskiy & Watters, 2009","

Following its discovery in 1995, populations of this species found in the Kilombero drainage were referred to N. aff. melanospilus, based on some general similarities with that species but also some important differences. Morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed the distinction from N. melanospilus and the species was described as N. lucius by Wildekamp et al. in 2009, including populations from the Kilombero, Mbezi and lower Rufiji drainages, and also from Mafia Island. These latter populations occurring in Mafia Island were separated from the populations on the coastal mainland and described as N. insularis by Costa in 2017.

" 53904090,Nothobranchius makondorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,makondorum,,,,,"Wildekamp, Shidlovskiy & Watters, 2009","

Nothobranchius makondorum was established as a species by Wildekamp, Shidlovskiy & Watters in 2009, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. When first discovered in 1985, populations of this species were referred to as N. aff. melanospilus, based on some similarities in male colour pattern (Wildekamp 2004), until the description by Wildekamp et al. (2009).  

" 53904366,Nothobranchius nubaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,nubaensis,,,,,"Valdesalici, Bellemans, Kardashev & Golubtsov, 2009","

Nothobranchius nubaensis was provisionally described by Bellemans in 2003 but it was a nomenclaturally unavailable name for the reasons that it was mentioned to be a provisional description and no holotype had been designated. Subsequently, the species has been established by Valdesalici, Bellemans, Kardashev & Golubtsov in 2009, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53904378,Nothobranchius oestergaardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,oestergaardi,,,,,"Valdesalici & Amato, 2011","

Nothobranchius oestergaardi was established as a species by Valdesalici & Amato in 2011, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53904430,Nothobranchius pienaari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,pienaari,,,,,"Shidlovskiy, Watters & Wildekamp, 2010","

Nothobranchius pienaari was established as a species by Shidlovskiy, Watters and Wildekamp in 2010, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. When first observed in 1968, populations of this species were referred to as the black form of N. rachovii until Shidlovskiy et al. (2010) published the redescription of this latter species, restricting its distribution to the lower Pungwe, lower Zambezi and lower Shire rivers, and separating the ‘black form’ populations into a new species as N. pienaari.

" 53904446,Nothobranchius ruudwildekampi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,ruudwildekampi,,,,,"Costa, 2009","

Following its discovery on the coastal mainland of Tanzania in 2000, the several populations that were found had been referred to as N. korthausae, a species known only from Mafia Island off the coast Tanzania, and which showed close similarities in male colouration. The mainland populations were subsequently described by Costa (2009) as N. ruudwildekampi, thereby restricting the distribution of N. korthausae again to the originally defined Mafia Island.

" 53904554,Nothobranchius seegersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,seegersi,,,,,"Valdesalici & Kardashev, 2011","

Following its discovery in 1992, populations of this species were regarded as N. aff. neumanni in Seegers (1997), based on some similarities of male colour pattern, until the species was described by Valdesalici & Kardashev in 2011 as Nothobranchius seegersi, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 53904610,Nothobranchius wattersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,wattersi,,,,,"Ng'oma, Valdesalici, Reichwald & Cellerino, 2013","Nothobranchius wattersi was established as a species by Ng'oma, Valdesalici, Reichwald and Cellerino in 2013, and that status has been accepted by all authors since. Populations that are currently identified as N. wattersi were previously referred to as N. kirki or N. aff. kirki (Seegers 1997, Wildekamp 2004)." 53905206,Phractura ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 54045716,Brycinus nurse,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,nurse,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1832)", 55095465,Petrocephalus degeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,degeni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","Whitehead and Greenwood (1959) synonymized P. degeni Boulenger, 1906 with P. catostoma (Günther, 1866), but Kramer et al. (2012) revalidated P. degeni." 55322676,Ancharius griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ANCHARIIDAE,Ancharius,griseus,,,,,"Ng & Sparks, 2005", 55324377,Bedotia albomarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,albomarginata,,,,,"Sparks & Rush, 2005",Previously assessed on the IUCN Red List under the temporary name Bedoti sp. nov. 'Vevembe' 55324446,Bedotia alveyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,alveyi,,,,,"Jones, Smith & Sparks, 2010",Previously assessed for the IUCN Red List under the temporary name Bedotia sp. nov. 'Makira' 55324500,Bedotia leucopteron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,leucopteron,,,,,"Loiselle & Rodriguez, 2007",This species was previously assessed on the Red List under the temporary name of Bedotia sp. nov. 'lazana'. 55324747,Hepsetus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEPSETIDAE,Hepsetus,occidentalis,,,,,"Decru, Snoeks & Vreven, 2013","Decru et al. (2012) described Hepsetus akawo sp. nov. from the Sassandra River (Ivory Coast) in the west up to the Cross River (Cameroon) in the east. However, re-examination of the holotype of Hepsetus odoe by Decru et al. (2013) indicated that this holotype fell within the range of H. akawo and consequently H. akawo is a junior synonym of H. odoe (Decru et al. 2013). As a result, the specimens from the western part of West Africa (from the Senegal to the Cavally River), formerly attributed to H. odoe in Decru et al. 2012, remain unnamed. These were described as a new species, H. occidentalis, in Decru et al. (2013)." 55325179,Gogo arcuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ANCHARIIDAE,Gogo,arcuatus,,,,,"Ng & Sparks, 2005", 55325199,Gogo atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ANCHARIIDAE,Gogo,atratus,,,,,"Ng, Sparks & Loiselle, 2008", 55325247,Gogo ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ANCHARIIDAE,Gogo,ornatus,,,,,"Ng & Sparks, 2005", 55325427,Hepsetus cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEPSETIDAE,Hepsetus,cuvieri,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 55326087,Synodontis voltae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,voltae,,,,,"Roman, 1975", 55326766,Nothobranchius vosseleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,vosseleri,,,,,"Ahl, 1924","

Nothobranchius vosseleri was established as a species by Ahl in 1924. The original description was based on a single female specimen from Mombo in north-western Tanzania. Additionally, the unique holotype is no longer present in the collection of ZMB (Paepke and Seegers 1986). Wildekamp regarded N. vosseleri as synonym of N. palmqvisti, a species leaving nearby. However, N. vosseleri was redescribed by Wildekamp et al. in 1998, based on more recent material collected near Mombo.

" 55326772,Scriptaphyosemion banforense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,banforense,,,,,"(Seegers, 1982)", 55326897,Scriptaphyosemion fredrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,fredrodi,,,,,"(Vandersmissen, Etzel & Berkenkamp, 1980)", 55381779,Hepsetus lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEPSETIDAE,Hepsetus,lineata,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1926)", 55470236,Marcusenius rheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,rheni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)","Marcusenius rheni (Fowler, 1936) is considered to most likely be a junior synonym of Marcusenius victoriae (Worthington, 1929) according to Seegers et al. (2003) (see also Greenwood 1966), but this still needs to be formally confirmed." 56491032,Distichodus nefasch,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,nefasch,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","This fish has for long been treated as a valid species of characid fishes, with the name Distichodus niloticus (Hasselquist 1762), until the work of Fricke in 2008. Fricke (2008) argued that the name can not be attributed to Hasselquist (1762) as it was based on rejected piece of work. Fricke (2008) further argues that neither Hasselquist’s nor Forsskål’s version can be considered as an independent new species description because both are misidentifications of the Linnaean species Salmo niloticus. As the first available name for the species is Salmo nefasch Bonnaterre [ex Forsskål], 1788, the obligatory name, therefore, is Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre [ex Forsskål], 1788)." 56547671,Fundulopanchax deltaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,deltaense,,,,,"(Radda, 1976)", 57482541,Aulonocara koningsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,koningsi,,,,,"Tawil, 2003", 57482783,Copadichromis chizumuluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,chizumuluensis,,,,,"Stauffer & Konings, 2006", 57482804,Copadichromis insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,insularis,,,,,"Stauffer & Konings, 2006", 57482813,Copadichromis melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,melas,,,,,"Stauffer & Konings, 2006", 57482891,Copadichromis parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,parvus,,,,,"Stauffer & Konings, 2006", 57483047,Metriaclima pulpican,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,pulpican,,,,,"(Tawil, 2002)", 57483065,Haplochromis akika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,akika,,,,,"Lippitsch, 2003", 57483075,Haplochromis ampullarostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,ampullarostratus,,,,,"Schraml, 2004", 57483236,Haplochromis commutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,commutabilis,,,,,"Schraml, 2004", 57483275,Haplochromis exspectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,exspectatus,,,,,"Schraml, 2004", 57483395,Haplochromis katonga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,katonga,,,,,"Schraml & Tichy, 2010", 57483400,Haplochromis oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,oligolepis,,,,,"Lippitsch, 2003", 57484235,Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemitaeniochromis,brachyrhynchus,,,,,"Oliver, 2012", 57484421,Metriaclima flavifemina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,flavifemina,,,,,"Konings & Stauffer, 2006", 57484477,Metriaclima mossambicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,mossambicum,,,,,"Ciccotto, Konings & Stauffer, 2011", 57484524,Metriaclima nkhunguense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,nkhunguense,,,,,"Ciccotto, Konings & Stauffer, 2011", 57484574,Metriaclima sciasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,sciasma,,,,,"Ciccotto, Konings & Stauffer, 2011", 57486659,Melanochromis kaskazini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,kaskazini,,,,,"Konings-Dudin, Konings & Stauffer, 2009", 57486702,Melanochromis mpoto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,mpoto,,,,,"Konings & Stauffer, 2012", 57487001,Cynotilapia aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cynotilapia,aurifrons,,,,,"(Tawil, 2011)", 57487029,Mylochromis chekopae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,chekopae,,,,,"Turner & Howarth, 2001", 57487062,Mylochromis ensatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,ensatus,,,,,"Turner & Howarth, 2001", 57487270,Otopharynx antron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,antron,,,,,"Cleaver, Konings & Stauffer, 2009", 57487283,Otopharynx spelaeotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,spelaeotes,,,,,"Cleaver, Konings & Stauffer, 2009", 57487521,Petrotilapia flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,flaviventris,,,,,"Lundeba, Stauffer & Konings, 2011", 57487729,Petrotilapia microgalana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,microgalana,,,,,"Ruffing, Lambert & Stauffer, 2006", 57487735,Petrotilapia mumboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,mumboensis,,,,,"Lundeba, Stauffer & Konings, 2011", 57487931,Petrotilapia palingnathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,palingnathos,,,,,"Lundeba, Stauffer & Konings, 2011", 57487935,Petrotilapia pyroscelos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,pyroscelos,,,,,"Lundeba, Stauffer & Konings, 2011", 57487939,Petrotilapia xanthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,xanthos,,,,,"Lundeba, Stauffer & Konings, 2011", 57487952,Placidochromis acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,acuticeps,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488066,Placidochromis acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,acutirostris,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488071,Placidochromis argyrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,argyrogaster,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488076,Placidochromis boops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,boops,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488090,Placidochromis borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,borealis,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488111,Placidochromis chilolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,chilolae,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488118,Placidochromis communis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,communis,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488134,Placidochromis domirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,domirae,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488139,Placidochromis ecclesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,ecclesi,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488162,Placidochromis elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,elongatus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488191,Placidochromis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,fuscus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488222,Placidochromis intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,intermedius,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488227,Placidochromis koningsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,koningsi,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488243,Placidochromis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,lineatus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488249,Placidochromis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,longirostris,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488261,Placidochromis longus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,longus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488269,Placidochromis lukomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,lukomae,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488302,Placidochromis macroceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,macroceps,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488437,Placidochromis mbunoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,mbunoides,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488459,Placidochromis minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,minor,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488463,Placidochromis minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,minutus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488590,Placidochromis msakae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,msakae,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488628,Placidochromis nigribarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,nigribarbis,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488655,Placidochromis nkhatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,nkhatae,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488667,Placidochromis nkhotakotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,nkhotakotae,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488682,Placidochromis obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,obscurus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488700,Placidochromis ordinarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,ordinarius,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488723,Placidochromis orthognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,orthognathus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488728,Placidochromis pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,pallidus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488742,Placidochromis platyrhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,platyrhynchos,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488846,Placidochromis rotundifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,rotundifrons,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488944,Placidochromis trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,trewavasae,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57488996,Placidochromis turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,turneri,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57489009,Placidochromis vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,vulgaris,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 57489689,Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,ernestmagnusi,,,,,"Sparks & Stiassny, 2010", 57489914,Ptychochromis makira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,makira,,,,,"Stiassny & Sparks, 2006", 57490650,Stigmatochromis macrorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stigmatochromis,macrorhynchos,,,,,"Stauffer, Cleaver-Yoder & Konings, 2011", 57490674,Stigmatochromis melanchros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stigmatochromis,melanchros,,,,,"Stauffer, Cleaver-Yoder & Konings, 2011", 57498289,Labeobarbus nthuwa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,nthuwa,,,,,"Tweddle & Skelton, 2008", 57498415,Pseudobarbus skeltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,skeltoni,,,,,"Chakona & Swartz, 2013", 57498955,Enteromius seymouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,seymouri,,,,,"(Tweddle & Skelton, 2008)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus seymouri in Enteromius." 57498965,Enteromius teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,teugelsi,,,,,"(Bamba, Vreven & Snoeks, 2011)", 57499221,Typhleotris mararybe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Typhleotris,mararybe,,,,,"Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2012", 57505507,Ambassis natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,natalensis,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908", 57505709,Pachypanchax playfairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Pachypanchax,playfairii,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 57505736,Haplochromis albertianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,albertianus,,,,,"Regan, 1929", 57505745,Haplochromis avium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,avium,,,,,"Regan, 1929", 57505771,Haplochromis bullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bullatus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1938", 57505782,Haplochromis dolorosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,dolorosus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 57505793,Haplochromis eduardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,eduardii,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 57505834,Haplochromis engystoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,engystoma,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 57505952,Haplochromis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,fuscus,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 57506099,Haplochromis mahagiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,mahagiensis,,,,,"David & Poll, 1937", 57506124,Haplochromis malacophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,malacophagus,,,,,"Poll & Damas, 1939", 57506243,Haplochromis mentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,mentatus,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 57506304,Haplochromis pharyngalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pharyngalis,,,,,"Poll & Damas, 1939", 57506321,Haplochromis serridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,serridens,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 57506371,Haplochromis vicarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,vicarius,,,,,"Trewavas, 1933", 57506413,Metriaclima lanisticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,lanisticola,,,,,"(Burgess, 1976)", 57506473,Stigmatochromis pleurospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stigmatochromis,pleurospilus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 57506640,Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,quadrimaculatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 57506999,Engraulicypris bredoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Engraulicypris,bredoi,,,,,"Poll, 1945","This species can easily be confused with Rastrineobola argentea, but differs on the number of lateral line scales, gill rakers on the first arch, and fewer anal fin rays." 57507583,Xenobarbus loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Xenobarbus,loveridgei,,,,,"Norman, 1923", 57507830,Labeo werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,werneri,,,,,"Lohberger, 1929","Reid (1981) reports that the exact type locality of Labeo werneri is 'Sese Islands, south coast of Uganda, near Entebbe'. He states that one of the two type specimens, stored at the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria (NMW), is lost from the collection. The remaining specimen, designated as lectotype, is identified as Capoeta capoeta angorae, a species only known from the Ceyhan River drainage in Turkey. As presence of a Capoeta species in Africa is highly improbable Reid (1981) concludes that Lohberger (1929) not only misidentified the genus, but also published erroneous type locality data." 57507878,Labeo worthingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,worthingtoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1958", 57508187,Eleotris mauritiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,mauritiana,,,,,"Bennett, 1832", 57508615,Acentrogobius simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,simplex,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1880)", 57509025,Awaous commersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,commersoni,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 57509248,Coryogalops william,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,william,,,,,"(Smith, 1948)", 57509279,Drombus triangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Drombus,triangularis,,,,,"(Weber, 1909)",This species can be easily confused with Drombus halei which can co-occur (Larson pers comm. 2018). 57509289,Glossogobius kokius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,kokius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)",At times confused with Glossogobius giuris (see Maugé 1986). Two of the syntypes from India are different species (H. Larson in press). 57509336,Kraemeria samoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KRAEMERIIDAE,Kraemeria,samoensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1906", 57509648,Aplocheilichthys atripinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,atripinna,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1896)","

Further study of types specimens of Aplocheilichthys bukobanus (Ahl, 1924) and A. atripinna is needed to determine the true identity of A. atripinna. If both taxa are found to be identical, the name A. bukobanus has to be regarded as a junior synonym of A. atripinna (Wildekamp 1995).

" 57509876,Scatophagus tetracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCATOPHAGIDAE,Scatophagus,tetracanthus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 57540405,Alticorpus peterdaviesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Alticorpus,peterdaviesi,,,,,"(Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)", 58382585,Cheirodon luelingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,luelingi,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 58382670,Chrysobrycon eliasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Chrysobrycon,eliasi,,,,,"Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta & Ortega, 2011", 58382721,Creagrutus yanatili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,yanatili,,,,,"Harold & Salcedo, 2010", 58382730,Hemibrycon inambari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,inambari,,,,,"Bertaco & Malabarba, 2010", 58382739,Hemibrycon mikrostiktos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,mikrostiktos,,,,,"Bertaco & Malabarba, 2010", 58382794,Knodus hypopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,hypopterus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 58383204,Knodus pasco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,pasco,,,,,"Zarske, 2007", 58383324,Trochilocharax ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Trochilocharax,ornatus,,,,,"Zarske, 2010", 58383346,Pyrrhulina obermulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,obermulleri,,,,,"Myers, 1926", 58383668,Sternarchorhynchus hagedornae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,hagedornae,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 58383745,Sternarchorhynchus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,montanus,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 58383797,Sternarchorhynchus retzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,retzeri,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010","Nomes antigos: Sternarchorhynchus cf. roseni Crampton, 2007. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon." 58383857,Sternarchorhynchus stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,stewarti,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 58383921,Sternarchorhynchus taphorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,taphorni,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 58384006,Sternarchorhynchus yepezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,yepezi,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010","Sternarchorhynchus yepezi is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: a short gape that terminates posteriorly at, or slightly short of, the vertical through the anterior nares, having sparse scales covered by skin along the mid-dorsal portion of the body anterior to the origin of the electroreceptive filament, the longitudinally ovoid, but not distinctly horizontally elongate combined opening for the anus and the urogenital papilla, the consistently light overall coloration of the head and body, the presence of very dark pigmentation in the region at the base of the anterior and lateral margins of the enlarged teeth on the bulbous dentary in mature males, the presence of a more lightly coloured narrow band of mid-dorsal pigmentation on the head and mid-dorsal region of the body extending posteriorly to the origin of the electroreceptive filament and sometimes beyond that point, the possession of seven teeth on the outer tooth row of the dentary, 15 precaudal vertebrae, 182–188 total anal fin rays, the greatest body depth (11.3–13.2% of LEA), the caudal length (8.1–8.4% of LEA), the pectoral-fin length (43.1–44.2% of HL), the head depth at the eye (30.5–40.0% of HL), the head depth at the nape (48.2–56.0% of HL), the snout length (58.7–61.7% of HL), the eye diameter (4.1–4.8% of HL), the interocular width (6.6–8.1% of HL), and the caudal-fin length (33.2–38.8% of caudal length) (de Santana and Vari 2010)." 58384057,Gymnotus chaviro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,chaviro,,,,,"Maxime & Albert, 2009", 58384127,Hypopygus ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,ortegai,,,,,"de Santana & Crampton, 2011", 58385437,Apistogramma allpahuayo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,allpahuayo,,,,,"Römer, Benind, Duponchelle, Díaz, Ortega, Hahn et al., 2012", 58385490,Apistogramma barlowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,barlowi,,,,,"Römer & Hahn, 2008", 58385545,Apistogramma cinilabra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,cinilabra,,,,,"Römer, Duponchelle, Diaz, Davilla, Sirvas, Catchay & Renno, 2011", 58385605,Apistogramma paulmuelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,paulmuelleri,,,,,"Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, García Dávila, Vena Díaz, & Renno, 2013", 58385666,Pseudobunocephalus quadriradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pseudobunocephalus,quadriradiatus,,,,,"(Mees, 1989)", 58386061,Etsaputu relictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Etsaputu,relictum,,,,,"Lujan, Armbruster & Rengifo, 2011", 58386247,Panaqolus albivermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaqolus,albivermis,,,,,"Lujan, Steele & Velasquez, 2013", 58386276,Panaqolus albomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaqolus,albomaculatus,,,,,"(Kanazawa, 1958)", 58386436,Panaqolus changae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaqolus,changae,,,,,"(Chockley & Armbruster, 2002)", 58388003,Panaqolus dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaqolus,dentex,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 58388084,Panaqolus gnomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaqolus,gnomus,,,,,"(Schaefer & Stewart, 1993)", 58388164,Panaqolus nocturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaqolus,nocturnus,,,,,"(Schaefer & Stewart, 1993)", 58388282,Pterygoplichthys scrophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pterygoplichthys,scrophus,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)", 53877435,Anablepsoides parlettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,parlettei,,,,,"(Valdesalici & Schindler, 2011)", 58394172,Anablepsoides lineasoppilatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,lineasoppilatae,,,,,"Valdesalici & Schindler, 2013", 58431796,Potamotrygon tigrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,tigrina,,,,,"Carvalho, Sabaj Pérez & Lovejoy, 2011", 17519,Platymantis insulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,insulatus,,,,,"Brown and Alcala, 1970", 17520,Platymantis spelaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,spelaeus,,,,,"Brown and Alcala, 1982", 17524,Platymantis banahao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,banahao,,,,,"Brown, Alcala, Diesmos and Alcala, 1997", 17534,Platymantis hazelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,hazelae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)",Information from faunal surveys indicates that the Masbate subpopulations which have been synonymized with this species still need to be re-examined. 17537,Platymantis levigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,levigatus,,,,,"Brown and Alcala, 1974", 17546,Platymantis negrosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,negrosensis,,,,,"Brown, Alcala, Diesmos & Alcala, 1997", 17548,Platymantis panayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,panayensis,,,,,"Brown, Brown and Alcala, 1997", 17551,Platymantis polillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,polillensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)", 17553,Platymantis rabori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,rabori,,,,,"Brown, Alcala, Diesmos and Alcala, 1997", 17558,Platymantis subterrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,subterrestris,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)", 23900,Barbourula busuangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Barbourula,busuangensis,,,,,"Taylor & Noble, 1924", 25382,Ichthyophis glandulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,glandulosus,,,,,"Taylor, 1923",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 26438,Philautus leitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,leitensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 29450,Platymantis pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,pygmaeus,,,,,"Alcala, Brown and Diesmos, 1998",This species probably represents a complex of more than one species. 29451,Platymantis naomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,naomii,,,,,"Alcala, Brown and Diesmos, 1998", 29588,Pelophryne albotaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,albotaeniata,,,,,"Barbour, 1938", 29591,Platymantis isarog,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,isarog,,,,,"Brown, Brown, Alcala & Frost, 1997", 40798,Philautus poecilius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,poecilius,,,,,"Brown & Alcala, 1994",This species is a taxonomic complex and contains several cryptic species (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 40799,Limnonectes diuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,diuatus,,,,,"(Brown and Alcala, 1977)", 41232,Limnonectes visayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,visayanus,,,,,"(Inger, 1954)", 41233,Limnonectes parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,parvus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)", 54477,Ansonia muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,muelleri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","A recent phylogeographic study identified five genetically divergent and geographically structured haplotype groups in central and eastern Mindanao. Sanguila et al. (2011) argued that, at a minimum, these lineages should be recognized as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) for conservation purposes, and that they may represent distinct species." 54868,Pelophryne lighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,lighti,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)", 57850,Kaloula conjuncta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,conjuncta,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)",The systematics of the various subpopulations need to be evaluated. There are four subspecies which will probably be described as distinct species in the near future (A. Diesmos pers. comm.). 57851,Kaloula kalingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,kalingensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1922","This species concept represents a complex of at least three or four distinct evolutionary lineages (Inger 1954, Diesmos et al. 2002, Brown et al. 2012, Blackburn et al. 2013) and contains several cryptic species (A. Diesmos pers. comm. May 2017)." 57852,Kaloula kokacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,kokacii,,,,,"Ross & Gonzales, 1992", 57860,Kaloula walteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,walteri,,,,,"Brown, Diesmos & Alcala, 2002", 57889,Nanohyla petrigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,petrigena,,,,,"(Inger & Frogner, 1979)", 58350,Limnonectes macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Inger, 1954)", 58454,Platymantis cagayanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,cagayanensis,,,,,"Brown, Alcala & Diesmos, 1999", 58462,Platymantis indeprensus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,indeprensus,,,,,"Brown, Alcala and Diesmos, 1999", 58463,Platymantis lawtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,lawtoni,,,,,"Brown and Alcala, 1974", 58464,Platymantis luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,luzonensis,,,,,"Brown, Alcala, Diesmos & Alcala, 1997", 58469,Platymantis mimulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,mimulus,,,,,"Brown, Alcala and Diesmos, 1997",The species may represent a complex of several cryptic species (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 58470,Platymantis montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,montanus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)",This is a species complex comprised of at least two evolutionary lineages (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 58477,Platymantis pseudodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,pseudodorsalis,,,,,"Brown, Alcala and Diesmos, 1999", 58481,Platymantis sierramadrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,sierramadrensis,,,,,"Brown, Alcala, Ong and Diesmos, 1999","Due to observed morphological, bioacoustic and ecological differences, subpopulations of this species between 300-600 m asl are thought to belong to Platymantis polillensis (Siler et al. 2011), although this needs to be verified." 58483,Platymantis taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,taylori,,,,,"Brown, Alcala and Diesmos, 1999", 58539,Sanguirana mearnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,mearnsi,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1905)","This species was transferred from the genus Hylarana to Sanguirana by Fuiten et al. (2011).

Brown et al. (2017) use new data phylogenetic data to resolve species boundaries associated with the southwest Mindanao Stream Frogs, Sanguirana everetti (Boulenger, 1882), its junior synonym, Rana mearnsi, Stejneger, 1905, and the northeast Mindanao Stream Frogs, S. albotuberculata (Inger, 1954). Consideration of relationships, distributions, type localities, phenotypic data, and type specimens clearly indicates that the names R. mearnsi and S. albotuberculata refer to the same lineage, and therefore Brown et al. (2017) recognize S. mearnsi as the oldest available name for this species." 58623,Sanguirana igorota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,igorota,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Hylarana luzonensis by Brown et al. (2000), and it was subsequently moved from the genus Hylarana to Sanguirana by Fuiten et al. (2011)." 58650,Sanguirana luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,luzonensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Hylarana igorota was removed from the synonymy of this species by Brown et al. (2000). It was subsequently moved from the genus Hylarana to Sanguirana by Fuiten et al. (2011). Further taxonomic research is warranted to determine the true distribution of the nominal form of this species (Fuiten et al. 2011). 58720,Pulchrana similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,similis,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 58739,Sanguirana tipanan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,tipanan,,,,,"(Brown, McGuire & Diesmos, 2000)",This species was moved from the genus Hylarana to Sanguirana by Fuiten et al. (2011). 58809,Philautus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,acutirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 79101579,Philautus longicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,longicrus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Philautus juliandringi (Dehling 2010). 58922,Philautus surrufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,surrufus,,,,,"Brown & Alcala, 1994", 58936,Philautus worcesteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,worcesteri,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1905)", 58950,Polypedates hecticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,hecticus,,,,,"Peters, 1863",This species' taxonomic validity is not certain. It is only dubiously distinguishable from Polypedates leucomystax (Brown et al. 2010). 58980,Rhacophorus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,bimaculatus,,,,,"Peters, 1867",This may be a complex of several cryptic species (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 79694432,Philautus everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,everetti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)",This is a restricted concept of Philautus everetti (as Rhacophorus everetti) following the split of the broader concept into this and Philautus macroscelis by Hertwig et al. (2012) and genetic evidence showed unequivocally that it belongs to Philautus. 136008,Platymantis diesmosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,diesmosi,,,,,"Brown & Gonzalez, 2007", 58512764,Seychellum silhouette,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Seychellum,silhouette,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Daniels, 2014", 58512893,Seychellum mahefregate,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Seychellum,mahefregate,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Daniels, 2014",Seychellum mahefregate is a cryptic species recognized mainly on the basis of genetic evidence with an overall morphology that is identical to that described for S. alluaudi. 58511956,Seychellum alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Seychellum,alluaudi,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893)","

Seychellum alluaudi s.s. is now only believed to occur on two islands (Praslin and La Digue). This species was re-described by Ng et al. (1995) and was updated by Cumberlidge and Daniels (2014). Two other species of Seychellum are now recognised: S. mahefregate Cumberlidge and Daniels, 2014 and S. silhouette Cumberlidge and Daniels, 2014.

" 10743,Velesunio moretonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Velesunio,moretonicus,,,,,"(Reeve, 1865)","

The species is conventionally accepted as Velesunio moretonicus (Reeve, 1865) and there have been no recent changes to taxonomy (McMichael & Hiscock 1958; Hiscock 1960; Graf & Cummings 2007; Walker et al. 2001, 2013).

Older synonyms include Velesunio legrandi Petterd, 1889; Velesunio shuttleworthi (Kuster, 1855) (Iredale 1934, 1943); Unio shuttleworthi Küster, 1856 (EA Smith 1881); Diplodon (Hyridella s.s.) australis ‘Lamarck’ Hanley, 1843 (Simpson 1900, 1914).

McMichael and Hiscock (1958) initially regarded shuttleworthi Kuster as the earliest valid name for the Tasmanian Velesunio, with moretonicus Reeve and legrandi Petterd as synonyms. The holotypes of shuttleworthi Kuster or moretonicus Reeve lacked definitive locality information, however, and they declared these taxa as nomina dubia and adopted the name U. legrandi Petterd, for which a holotype was available. Subsequently, the holotype of U. moretonicus was found, and that name was given priority (Hiscock 1960). References by McMichael and Hiscock (1958) to V. legrandi therefore apply to V. moretonicus.

This species closely resembles V. ambiguus (Philippi, 1847), but is distinguished by grooved rather than smooth pseudocardinal teeth and deeply-impressed rather than shallow anterior adductor muscle scars (McMichael & Hiscock 1958; Walker 2004).

" 189387,Hyridella narracanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Hyridella,narracanensis,,,,,"(Cotton & Gabriel, 1932)","Conventionally accepted as Hyridella narracanensis (Cotton & Gabriel, 1932). There have been no recent changes to taxonomy (McMichael and Hiscock 1958, Smith 1992, Walker et al. 2013, Jones and Byrne 2013).

Older synonyms include Propehyridella nepeanensis narracanensis Cotton & Gabriel, 1932;  Rugoshyria depressa sodalis Iredale, 1943; Hyridella (s.s.) narracanensis (Cotton & Gabriel, 1932).

Hyridella narracanensis is distinguished by having sculpture limited to the umbo, whereas its congener H. glenelgensis has sculpture extended to the shell surface (McMichael and Hiscock 1958, Walker 2004).

Preliminary analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) suggests tentatively that the South Australian population of H. narracanensis might prove to be synonymous with H. glenelgensis (Playford and Walker 2008). Research to clarify the phylogenetic relationship these taxa currently is underway by the assessors (Jones, Klunzinger, Walker) in collaboration with Dr Kevin Roe, Iowa State University, and is based on comparison of COI, 16S and ND1 genomic regions. The former species is listed as Critically Endangered under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, and is known from only a single location." 188935,Pomacea baeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,baeri,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1902)","Cowie and Heros (2012), noted that although Boss and Parodiz (1977: 116) suggested that the species was probably synonymous with Pomacea glauca Linnaeus, 1758, the two taxa have never been formally synonymised and are probably distinct. This comment is based on examination of types at MNHN, Paris and realisation that earlier studies (Cowie and Thiengo 2003) may have not seen multiple specimens." 189049,Pomacea catamarcensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,catamarcensis,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1875)",Considered a valid species in Cowie and Thiengo (2003). 188926,Pisidium iquito,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,iquito,,,,,"Ituarte, 2004","Although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing in a distinct family (Pisiidae), traditionally it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae. We have followed this traditional placement in this assessment." 188979,Pomacea zischkai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,zischkai,,,,,"Blume & Pain, 1952", 189351,Planorbella trivolvis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,trivolvis,,,,,"(Say, 1817)","Genetic examination of the molecular phylogeny of global Planorboidea at the COI and 18S molecular markers indicates that all North American taxa within the subfamily Planorbinae form a well-supported clade, as yet unnamed, but termed C-Clade (Albrecht et al. 2007)." 189486,Biomphalaria raimondi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,raimondi,,,,,"Philippi, 1869", 44255,Sphaerium bequaerti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,bequaerti,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Germain, 1914)","According to Mandahl-Barth (1988) it is possible that the specimens described by Jickeli (1874) as Cyclas capense from the Toccor River (Ethiopia) pertain to this species." 155516,Euglesa conventus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,conventus,,,,,"Clessin, 1877", 155532,Euglesa lilljeborgii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,lilljeborgii,,,,,"(Clessin <i>in</i> Esmark & Hoyer, 1886)", 155659,Euglesa nitida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Euglesa,nitida,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1832)","Pisidium nitidum f. crassa is regarded by some authors as a distinct species. It differs in having a rather more trapezoidal shell outline, coarser striations and a more solid hinge (Glöer and Meier-Brook 2003, Killeen et al. 2004)." 165792,Pisidium ovampicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ovampicum,,,,,"Ancey, 1890","Resembles a juvenile Sphaerium, but smaller. Difficult to identify to species level, and therefore there are doubts concerning the validity of some of the Pisidium identifications reported from the southern African region." 168188,Plectostoma retrovertens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,retrovertens,,,,,"(Tomlin, 1938)", 185754,Pisidium viridarium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,viridarium,,,,,"Kuiper, 1956", 189047,Pisidium variabile,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,variabile,,,,,"Prime, 1852","The species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family Pisiidae; traditionally, however, it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189206,Pomacea ocanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,ocanensis,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1915)", 189214,Pisidium ventricosum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ventricosum,,,,,"Prime, 1851","The species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family Pisiidae; traditionally, however, it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189297,Pomacea cousini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,cousini,,,,,"(Jousseaume, 1877)", 189364,Pisidium insigne,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,insigne,,,,,"Gabb, 1868","The species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family Pisiidae; traditionally, however, it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189415,Cucumerunio novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Cucumerunio,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)","This species is conventionally accepted as Cucumerunio novaehollandiae (Gray, 1834) and there have been no recent changes to taxonomy (McMichael and Hiscock 1958; Smith 1992; Walker et al. 2001, 2013).

Older synonyms include Unio novaehollandiae Gray, 1834; U. cucumoides Lea, 1840; U. cunning­ianus Dunker, 1852; U. navigioliformis Lea, 1859; Naia elongata Swainson, 1840; Diplodon novae­hollandiae (Gray) Simpson, 1914; D. shuttleworthii (Lea) Simpson, 1914; Cucumeria novae­hollandiae (Gray), Cotton and Gabriel, 1932.

This is the largest and most distinctive of Australian freshwater mussels, with an elongate-elliptical (linguiform) shell bearing strong nodular sculpture. The shell attains 200-mm length, developing a dorsal arch as it grows.

Cucumerunio novaehollandiae nominally is one of two species in the genus, with C. websteri in New Zealand. The New Zealand fauna was revised, in part, by Fenwick and Marshall (2006), and there  presently are five recognized species (C. websteri, Echyridella aucklandica, E. menziesii, E. onekaka, Hyridella aucklandica). This will soon change, however, as recent work by the same authors (Fenwick and Marshall: Molluscan Research, in press) will synonymize C. websteri and H. aucklandica with E. aucklandica. This will leave Cucumerunio as a monotypic genus." 189450,Pisidium ferrugineum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,ferrugineum,,,,,"Prime, 1851", 189456,Pomacea aldersoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,aldersoni,,,,,"(Pain, 1946)", 189490,Pisidium idahoense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,idahoense,,,,,"Roper, 1890","The species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family Pisiidae; traditionally, however, it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 189577,Pomacea hollingsworthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,hollingsworthi,,,,,"(Pain, 1846)", 189587,Pisidium walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,walkeri,,,,,"Sterki, 1895","The species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family Pisidiidae; traditionally, however, it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae." 58598777,Plectostoma relauensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,relauensis,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014","There is a page on species wiki:
Plectostoma relauensis Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014
http://species-id.net/wiki/Plectostoma_relauensis" 58598832,Plectostoma salpidomon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,salpidomon,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)", 58599268,Plectostoma palinhelix,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,palinhelix,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)", 58599340,Plectostoma panhai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,panhai,,,,,"(Maassen, 2001)","Liew et al. (2014) noted that Plectostoma panhai is very similar to Plectostoma christae, but the two species are separated by more than 150 km, and the limestone hills in between are occupied by three other species of the genus Plectostoma. The disjunct distribution and its single constriction tooth support the decision that Plectostoma panhai is a distinct species from Plectostoma christae." 58599639,Plectostoma praeco,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,praeco,,,,,"(van Benthem Jutting, 1961)", 58599716,Plectostoma umbilicatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,umbilicatum,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)", 58599800,Plectostoma turriforme,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,turriforme,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)", 58599851,Plectostoma mengaburensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,mengaburensis,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58599900,Plectostoma whitteni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,whitteni,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58599977,Plectostoma tonkinianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,tonkinianum,,,,,"(Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905)", 58600228,Plectostoma siphonostomum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,siphonostomum,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)", 58600285,Plectostoma sinyumensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,sinyumensis,,,,,"(Maassen, 2001)", 58600399,Plectostoma tohchinyawi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,tohchinyawi,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58600447,Plectostoma tenggekensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,tenggekensis,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58600482,Plectostoma christae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,christae,,,,,"(Maassen, 2001)", 58600502,Plectostoma crassipupa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,crassipupa,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)", 58600511,Plectostoma davisoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,davisoni,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58600514,Plectostoma dindingensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,dindingensis,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58600547,Plectostoma charasense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,charasense,,,,,"(Tomlin, 1948)", 58600591,Plectostoma annandalei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,annandalei,,,,,"(Sykes, 1903)", 58600601,Plectostoma klongsangensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,klongsangensis,,,,,"(Panha, 1997)","The taxonomic status of the species remains doubtful (Liew et al. 2014). In the original publication, Panha (1996) compared it with Plectostoma heteropleuron (Vermeulen 1994) and Plectostoma perspectivum (Vermeulen, 1994) from Northern Borneo, but not with Plectostoma mirabile (Smith, 1893), which has an almost identical shell as Plectostoma klongsangensis. Further research is need on the taxonomic status of this species." 58600661,Plectostoma kitteli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,kitteli,,,,,"(Maassen, 2002)", 58600974,Plectostoma kayiani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,kayiani,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58600978,Plectostoma kakiense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,kakiense,,,,,"(Tomlin, 1948)", 58600994,Plectostoma kubuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,kubuensis,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58600998,Plectostoma laemodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,laemodes,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1961)", 58601044,Plectostoma laidlawi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,laidlawi,,,,,"(Sykes, 1902)", 58601235,Plectostoma ikanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,ikanensis,,,,,"Liew, Vermeulen, Marzuki & Schilthuizen, 2014", 58602004,Diplodontites cookei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Diplodontites,cookei,,,,,"Marshall, 1922", 58609631,Hyridella glenelgensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Hyridella,glenelgensis,,,,,"(Dennant, 1898)","

There have been no recent taxonomic changes (cf. Iredale 1934, 1943; McMichael & Hiscock 1958; Smith 1992).

This species is related to Hyridella narracanensis, found at scattered localities in SE South Australia, coastal Victoria and northern Tasmania, but is distinguished by more extensive shell sculpturing (McMichael and Hiscock 1958). Playford and Walker (2008) speculated that H. glenelgensis and H. narracanensis (specifically, shells from nearby Eight Mile Creek, South Australia), could prove to be ecophenotypes of one species. Preliminary analysis of mitochondrial DNA in mantle-tissue snips from the two taxa showed 2% divergence in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), but this was considered inconclusive due to small sample sizes.

" 58693818,Bryconacidnus hemigrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconacidnus,hemigrammus,,,,,"(Pearson, 1924)", 58693832,Hyphessobrycon pando,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,pando,,,,,"Hein, 2009", 58693842,Knodus longus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,longus,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2006","Katiane Ferreria (2007) stands that this is a junior synomym of Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson, 1924)." 58693852,Knodus shinahota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,shinahota,,,,,"Ferreira & Carvajal, 2007", 58693862,Characidium schindleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,schindleri,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2001", 58693872,Serrasalmus odyssei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,odyssei,,,,,"Hubert & Renno, 2010", 58693882,Moema claudiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,claudiae,,,,,"(Costa, 2003)", 58693892,Neofundulus splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Neofundulus,splendidus,,,,,"Nielsen & Brousseau, 2013", 58693903,Spectrolebias brousseaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,brousseaui,,,,,"Nelsen, 2013", 58693964,Spectrolebias pilleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,pilleti,,,,,"Neilson & Brousseau, 2013", 58693974,Apistogramma similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,similis,,,,,"Staeck, 2003", 58693984,Corydoras mamore,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,mamore,,,,,"Knaack, 2002", 58693998,Ancistrus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,bolivianus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)", 58694012,Ancistrus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,montanus,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 58694026,Farlowella altocorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,altocorpus,,,,,"Retzer, 2006", 58694036,Trichomycterus aguarague,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,aguarague,,,,,"Fernández & Osinaga, 2006", 58706550,Biomphalaria edisoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,edisoni,,,,,"Estrada, Velasquez, Caldeira, Bejarano, Rojas & Carvalho, 2006", 58706809,Biomphalaria trygira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,trygira,,,,,"(Philippi, 1869)", 58711700,Heleobia chavezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,chavezi,,,,,"(Weyrauch, 1963)", 58711939,Heleobia florezii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,florezii,,,,,"(Weyrauch, 1963)", 58712069,Heleobia hernandezae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Heleobia,hernandezae,,,,,"(Weyrauch, 1963)", 58712975,Tryonia tricarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Tryonia,tricarinata,,,,,"(Boettger, 1871)", 58713113,Hemisinus guayaquilensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Hemisinus,guayaquilensis,,,,,"Reeve, 1859", 22125,Trichomycterus chaberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,chaberti,,,,,"Durand, 1968", 58693994,Rhamdella rusbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdella,rusbyi,,,,,"Pearson, 1924", 167769,Gephyrocharax chaparae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,chaparae,,,,,"Fowler, 1940",Taxonomic uncertainty and possibly a synonym of another Gephyrocharax species. 58711118,Aroapyrgus colombiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Aroapyrgus,colombiensis,,,,,"Malek & Little, 1971", 58892549,Pelophylax cypriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,cypriensis,,,,,"Plötner, Baier, Akın, Mazepa, Schreiber, Beerli, Litvinchuk, Bilgin, Borkin & Uzzell, 2012",This species had previously been confused with Pelophylax bedriagae (Plötner et al. 2012). 59034974,Evynnis cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Evynnis,cardinalis,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)",Further work is needed for a taxonomic review of the genus Evynnis (Iwatsuki et al. 2007). 23051,Vulpes corsac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,corsac,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1768)","Corsac Foxes range widely across Asia and several subspecies have been described. However, three subspecies are generally recognized, namely V. c. corsac, V. c. kalmykorum and V. c. turkmenicus (Clark et al. 2009). Range-wide genetic assessments of taxonomy have not been undertaken." 59092533,Vanzosaura savanicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Vanzosaura,savanicola,,,,,"Recorder, Werneck, Teixera, Colli, Sites & Rodrigues, 2014", 59122148,Phymaturus darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,darwini,,,,,"Nuñez, Veloso, Espejo, Veloso, Cortes & Araya, 2010", 59122162,Phymaturus yachanana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,yachanana,,,,,"Avila, Pérez, Minoli & Morando, 2014", 163551,Dromaeschna weiskei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Dromaeschna,weiskei,,,,,"Förster, 1908",Dromoaeschna weiskei was previously placed in Austroaeschna. 14255106,Gynacantha dobsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,dobsoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1951", 14255256,Gynacantha nourlangie,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,nourlangie,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1991", 14255713,Austroaeschna anacantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,anacantha,,,,,"Tillyard, 1908", 14255716,Austroaeschna atrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,atrata,,,,,"Martin, 1909", 14255719,Austroaeschna christine,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,christine,,,,,"Theischinger, 1993", 14255722,Austroaeschna cooloola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,cooloola,,,,,"Theischinger, 1991", 14255725,Austroaeschna eungella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,eungella,,,,,"Theischinger, 1993", 14255728,Austroaeschna flavomaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,flavomaculata,,,,,"Tillyard, 1916","This species was described as Austroaeschna parvistigma flavomaculata Tillyard, 1916." 14255734,Austroaeschna inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,inermis,,,,,"Martin, 1901", 14255737,Austroaeschna ingrid,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,ingrid,,,,,"Theischinger, 2008", 14255740,Austroaeschna muelleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,muelleri,,,,,"Theischinger, 1982", 14255866,Austroaeschna obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,obscura,,,,,"Theischinger, 1982", 14255875,Austroaeschna parvistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,parvistigma,,,,,"Selys, 1883", 14255878,Austroaeschna pulchra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,pulchra,,,,,"Tillyard, 1909","Martin (1909) described what he regarded as the male of Austroaeschna unicornis, but it was not. In the same work Tillyard described pulchra as a new race of A. unicornis. However pulchra differs from unicornis so much that Tillyard’s (1909) specimen does not warrant subspecific rank. Theischinger (1982) corrected the erroneous use of A. unicornis, recognising these specimens as Austroaeschna pulchra." 14255887,Austroaeschna sigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,sigma,,,,,"Theischinger, 1982", 14255891,Austroaeschna speciosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,speciosa,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1917",Considered to be a subspecies of A. unicornis by some authorities. 14255896,Austroaeschna subapicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,subapicalis,,,,,"Theischinger, 1982", 14255899,Austroaeschna tasmanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,tasmanica,,,,,"Tillyard, 1916", 14255959,Austroaeschna unicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,unicornis,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14258274,Austrophlebia subcostalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austrophlebia,subcostalis,,,,,"Theischinger, 1996",

This species was treated as Austrophlebia costalis until it was separated as Austrophlebia subcostalis by Theischinger (1996).

14259873,Notoaeschna geminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Notoaeschna,geminata,,,,,"Theischinger, 1982",See Endersby and Fliedner (2015: 149) for a brief summary of prior taxonomy for this species. 14259877,Notoaeschna sagittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Notoaeschna,sagittata,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14259884,Spinaeschna tripunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Spinaeschna,tripunctata,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14259993,Telephlebia brevicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Telephlebia,brevicauda,,,,,"Tillyard, 1916","This species was described as Telephlebia godefrroyi brevicauda Tillyard, 1916" 14259996,Telephlebia cyclops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Telephlebia,cyclops,,,,,"Tillyard, 1916","

This species was described as Telephlebia godeffroyi cyclops Tillyard, 1916.

" 14259999,Telephlebia godeffroyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Telephlebia,godeffroyi,,,,,"Selys, 1883", 14260002,Telephlebia tillyardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Telephlebia,tillyardi,,,,,"Campion in Tillyard, 1916","Originally described as Telephlebia godeffroyi tillyardi Campion in Tillyard, 1916." 14260009,Telephlebia tryoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Telephlebia,tryoni,,,,,"Tillyard, 1917", 14260012,Telephlebia undia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Telephlebia,undia,,,,,"Theischinger, 1985", 14260324,Archipetalia auriculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Archipetalia,auriculata,,,,,"Tillyard, 1917", 14260328,Austropetalia patricia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Austropetalia,patricia,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1910)","Southern populations of Austropetalia, originally treated as A. patricia, were separated as A. tonyana by Theischinger (1995). A single female from Barrington Tops was treated as A. patricia until it was recognised as a separate species Austropetalia anneliese (Theischinger 2013)." 14260333,Austropetalia tonyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Austropetalia,tonyana,,,,,"Theischinger, 1995","

Southern populations of Austropetalia, originally treated as A. patricia, were separated as A. tonyana by Theischinger (1995).

" 14262848,Agriocnemis kunjina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,kunjina,,,,,"Watson, 1974", 14263010,Austroagrion cyane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austroagrion,cyane,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 14263125,Austroagrion pindrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austroagrion,pindrina,,,,,"Watson, 1969", 14263149,Austroagrion watsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austroagrion,watsoni,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1982", 14263290,Austrocnemis obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austrocnemis,obscura,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1991", 14263332,Austrocnemis splendida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austrocnemis,splendida,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14263430,Caliagrion billinghursti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Caliagrion,billinghursti,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14264017,Pseudagrion aureofrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,aureofrons,,,,,"Tillyard, 1906", 14264021,Pseudagrion cingillum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,cingillum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1869)", 14271951,Pseudagrion jedda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,jedda,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1991", 14271954,Pseudagrion lucifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,lucifer,,,,,"Theischinger, 1997", 14271959,Apocordulia macrops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Apocordulia,macrops,,,,,"Watson, 1980", 14271964,Archaeophya adamsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Archaeophya,adamsi,,,,,"Fraser, 1959", 14271973,Archaeophya magnifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Archaeophya,magnifica,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1978", 14272315,Austrocordulia refracta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Austrocordulia,refracta,,,,,"Tillyard, 1909","Theischinger (1999) described a subspecies, A. r. jurzitzai, from the southern part of the range of the species, occurring as far north as the Bellinger catchment." 14272344,Austrocordulia territoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Austrocordulia,territoria,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1978", 14272480,Austrophya mystica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Austrophya,mystica,,,,,"Tillyard, 1909", 14272602,Cordulephya divergens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Cordulephya,divergens,,,,,"Tillyard, 1917", 14272721,Cordulephya montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Cordulephya,montana,,,,,"Tillyard, 1911", 14272778,Cordulephya pygmaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Cordulephya,pygmaea,,,,,"Selys, 1870", 14274182,Hesperocordulia berthoudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Hesperocordulia,berthoudi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1911", 14274537,Lathrocordulia metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lathrocordulia,metallica,,,,,"Tillyard, 1911", 14274892,Micromidia convergens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Micromidia,convergens,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1978", 14274918,Micromidia rodericki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Micromidia,rodericki,,,,,"Fraser, 1959", 14274934,Pseudocordulia circularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Pseudocordulia,circularis,,,,,"Tillyard, 1909", 14275086,Diphlebia coerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Diphlebia,coerulescens,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913","This species was originally described as Diphlebia euphaeiodes coerulescens Tillyard, 1913" 14275493,Diphlebia hybridoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Diphlebia,hybridoides,,,,,"Tillyard, 1912", 14275570,Diphlebia nymphoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Diphlebia,nymphoides,,,,,"Tillyard, 1912", 14276011,Antipodogomphus edentulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Antipodogomphus,edentulus,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14276088,Antipodogomphus hodgkini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Antipodogomphus,hodgkini,,,,,"Watson, 1969","This species was originally described as a subspecies Antipodogomphus neophytus hodgkini Watson, 1969.
" 14276098,Antipodogomphus neophytus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Antipodogomphus,neophytus,,,,,"Fraser, 1958", 14276125,Antipodogomphus proselythus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Antipodogomphus,proselythus,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14276151,Armagomphus armiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Armagomphus,armiger,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1919)", 14276167,Austroepigomphus gordoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austroepigomphus,gordoni,,,,,"(Watson, 1962)", 14276321,Austroepigomphus praeruptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austroepigomphus,praeruptus,,,,,"(Selys, 1858)","

Austroepigomphus melaleucae (Tillyard, 1909) is a junior synonym of Austroepigomphus praeruptus.

" 14276372,Austroepigomphus turneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austroepigomphus,turneri,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14277144,Austrogomphus arbustorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,arbustorum,,,,,"Tillyard, 1906", 14277201,Austrogomphus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,australis,,,,,"Dale in Selys, 1854", 14277253,Austrogomphus bifurcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,bifurcatus,,,,,"Tillyard, 1909", 14277256,Austrogomphus collaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,collaris,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854", 14277267,Austrogomphus cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,cornutus,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14277279,Austrogomphus divaricatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,divaricatus,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14277303,Austrogomphus guerini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,guerini,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 14277380,Austrogomphus mjobergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,mjobergi,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1917", 14277438,Austrogomphus mouldsorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,mouldsorum,,,,,"Theischinger, 1999", 14277483,Austrogomphus prasinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Austrogomphus,prasinus,,,,,"Tillyard, 1906", 14278064,Hemigomphus comitatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hemigomphus,comitatus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1909)", 14278099,Hemigomphus cooloola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hemigomphus,cooloola,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14278139,Hemigomphus gouldii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hemigomphus,gouldii,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 14278156,Hemigomphus heteroclytus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hemigomphus,heteroclytus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 14278192,Odontogomphus donnellyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Odontogomphus,donnellyi,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14278334,Zephyrogomphus lateralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zephyrogomphus,lateralis,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 14278385,Zephyrogomphus longipositor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zephyrogomphus,longipositor,,,,,"(Watson, 1991)", 14278410,Ictinogomphus dobsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,dobsoni,,,,,"Watson, 1969","This species was originally described as Ictinogomphus australis dobsoni Watson, 1969." 14278438,Ictinogomphus paulini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,paulini,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14278663,Austrosticta fieldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Austrosticta,fieldi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1908", 14278666,Austrosticta frater,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Austrosticta,frater,,,,,"Theischinger, 1997", 14278669,Austrosticta soror,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Austrosticta,soror,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1917", 14675451,Eurysticta kununurra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Eurysticta,kununurra,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14675467,Labidiosticta vallisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Labidiosticta,vallisi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1955)", 14675843,Neosticta canescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Neosticta,canescens,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913","A subspecies Neosticta canescens dorrigoensis Tillyard, 1913 has been recognized by some authorities." 14675852,Neosticta fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Neosticta,fraseri,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 14675865,Neosticta silvarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Neosticta,silvarum,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1917)", 14675965,Oristicta filicicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Oristicta,filicicola,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913", 14676025,Rhadinosticta simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Rhadinosticta,simplex,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 14676531,Austrolestes aleison,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,aleison,,,,,"Watson & Moulds, 1979", 14676547,Austrolestes analis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,analis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 54994,Rulyrana spiculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Rulyrana,spiculata,,,,,"(Duellman, 1976)", 54999,Nymphargus truebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,truebae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1976)", 18123632,Anotopterus pharao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,ANOTOPTERIDAE,Anotopterus,pharao,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1911", 190126,Gadomus dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Gadomus,dispar,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)","The placement of this species in the Macrouridae is not supported by current morphological and genetic analyses; rather, it belongs in the family Bathygadidae (Howes and Crimmen 1990, Roa-Varón and Ortí 2009, Nelson et al. 2016)." 190447,Caulophryne jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CAULOPHRYNIDAE,Caulophryne,jordani,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 60469588,Cataetyx chthamalorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,chthamalorhynchus,,,,,"Cohen, 1981", 166433,Notopterus notopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Notopterus,notopterus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)",Notopterus notopterus is a very widespread species that most likely represents a species complex. 166437,Channa punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,punctata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 166452,Heteropneustes fossilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HETEROPNEUSTIDAE,Heteropneustes,fossilis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)", 166522,Xenentodon cancila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Xenentodon,cancila,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166563,Channa striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,striata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)","

As presently understood, Channa striata is a species complex.

" 166586,Mastacembelus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,armatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)","Mastacembelus armatus is probably a species complex and further taxonomic work is required to clarify the taxonomy." 91182641,Mystus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,abbreviatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)", 166639,Microphis cuncalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,cuncalus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",
 169602,Devario malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,malabaricus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Devario malabaricus was described by Jerdon (1849) from Malabar as Perilampus malabaricus. No types are however known. Devario malabaricus is most likely a species complex. There also exist considerable taxonomic ambiguities between D. malabaricus and D. aequipinnatus (see Shaji and Easa 2003 and references therein).

Devario aquipinatus is misapplied to Sri Lankan population (Batuwita et al. 2017). Devario aequipinnatus restricted to Karnafuli, Feni, and Meghna drainages in Bangladesh and Tista and Brahmaputra drainages in India (Kullander et al. 2017). 

" 169609,Tor khudree,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,khudree,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","There is currently some uncertainty over whether the populations found in India and Sri Lanka are conspecific or separate species. In general, there seems to be agreement that these populations are separate species, however, more research is needed to confirm this. 

Here, Tor khudree is accepted as a good species and is therefore assessed despite debate over its taxonomy." 172314,Dayella malabarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dayella,malabarica,,,,,"(Day, 1873)"," Dayella malabarica was described by Day (1873) from erstwhile Malabar." 172326,Oryzias dancena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,dancena,,,,,(Hamilton 1822),"Oryzias dancena was originally described as Cyprnus dancena from Estuary below Calcutta, India by Hamilton (1822). While revising this genus, Parenti (2008) has placed several questionable synonym under this species. Therefore, this widespread species is likely to be a complex and further taxonomic studies, preferably involving molecular techniques, are essential." 172329,Pristolepis fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Pristolepis,fasciata,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","Partial sequence information of 16Sr RNA and Cytochrome C Oxidase 1 (CO1) of P. fasciata from Kerala and from the Mekong River basin was found to be significantly different (A. Gopalakrishnan. pers. comm. 2010). It is possible that the Kerala population can be P. malabaricus (Day 1878)." 172337,Pseudosphromenus cupanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Pseudosphromenus,cupanus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)","This species was first described as Polycanthus cupanus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831, the same year modified to Macropodus cupanus Cuvier, 1831 (Jayaram 2010).
" 172355,Tor kulkarnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,kulkarnii,,,,,"Menon, 1992","Menon (1992) described Tor kulkarnii from Darna river, a tributary of upper Godavari river in Deolali, Nashik, Maharashtra. Menon (1992) considered this species as a dwarf cognate of Tor khudree; however, Jayaram (1999, 2005, 2010) considered T. kulkarnii as a synonym of T. khudree. Even though T. kulkarnii is considered as valid (Menon 1999, 2004, Nautiyal et al. 2008) this species is remarkably similar to T. khudree. Since Tor exhibits a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, a comparative morphological and molecular study of material from the type locality of both the species is urgently required. Tor khudree is also recorded from the type locality of T. kulkarnii (S. Jadhav, Zoological Survey of India, pers. obs.)." 172359,Ambassis nalua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,nalua,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Ambassis nalua was originally described as Chanda nalua by Hamilton (1822) from fresh waters of lower Bengal. The species was reviewed by Allen and Burgess (1990)." 172360,Lepidocephalichthys thermalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,thermalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)","Described as Cobitis thermalis by Valenciennes 1846 from the hot waters of Cania, Sri Lanka. Although this species is considered to be widespread in peninsular India and Sri Lanka, it is possible that the Indian populations may be a different species. Taxonomic status of several available names from India which are now in synonymy with this species such as Cobitis carnaticus Jerdon, 1849, C. mysorensis Jerdon, 1849, C. rubripinnis Jerdon, 1849, need to be clarified. In the present assessment, all these Cobitis spp. from India are being considered as conspecific to L. thermalis. " 172368,Etroplus suratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Etroplus,suratensis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 172382,Puntius dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,dorsalis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Puntius dorsalis was described by Jerdon (1849) from Madras, southern India. Based on Jayaram (1991) the species seems to be widely distributed but the conspecificity of different populations across India need taxonomic validation." 172386,Sicyopterus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,griseus,,,,,"(Day, 1877)","Sicyopterus griseus was described by Day (1877) from Canara, India." 172393,Ambassis interrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,interrupta,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853","Ambassis interrupta was reviewed by Allen and Burgess (1990) for the Australia/Pacific and by Anderson and Heemstra (2003) for the western Indian Ocean." 172401,Oryzias carnaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,carnaticus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","This species was described as Aplocheilus carnaticus Jerdon (1849) from 'river that passes by Waniambaddy [= Vaniyambadi], 'Carnatic', southern India. This widespread species is likely to be a complex and further taxonomic studies, preferably involving molecular techniques, are essential." 172445,Puntius bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)","Described as Puntius bimaculatus by Bleeker (1844) from Sri Lanka. The Indian population known as Puntius bimaculatus is P. puckelli Day, 1868 (Dahanukar et al. 2014). However, this widespread species within India is likely to be a complex as well and further taxonomic studies, preferably involving molecular techniques, are essential.

A large amount of variation among geographically isolated populations has been identified. According to Pethiyagoda et al. (2012)  and De Silva et al. (2015) indicate that there is a possibility for the species to undergo splitting." 172450,Bunaka gyrinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bunaka,gyrinoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","A few early references use the name Oxyeleotris gyrinoides. There are several other species names (Bunaka pelewensis and Bunaka pinguis) that may or may not apply to this species. Taxonomic work is required.

One of its common names, Green-backed Guavina, is often misspelled as Gauvina (by later references quoting the original misspelling by Allen (1991)). Guavina is an American term for gudgeon (therefore not very appropriate for a non-American species)." 172468,Ichthyocampus carce,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Ichthyocampus,carce,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Ichthyocampus carce was described by Hamilton (1822) from the tide way of Ganges River, India.
" 155068636,Horadandia atukorali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Horadandia,atukorali,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1943","The genus Horadandia was monotypic until the description of a subspecies, H. atukorali brittani, by Rema Devi & Menon (1992). This subspecies has since been treated uncritically as a synonym of H. atukorali (eg: Rema Devi 1996: 304; Menon 1999: 49). However, Batuwita et al. (2013) distinguished H. atukorali from H. brittani, resulting in two separate species." 172481,Pseudetroplus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudetroplus,maculatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)", 172486,Puntius vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,vittatus,,,,,"Day, 1865","Puntius vittatus was described by Day (1865) from Kochi, Kerala, India. Wide distribution of this species in India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan suggests that  there is a need to evaluate whether this is a single widely distributed species or a species complex." 172497,Zenarchopterus dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,dispar,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 180567,Esomus thermoicos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,thermoicos,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","Esomus thermoicos was described by Valenciennes (1842) from the Hot springs at Kanniya, Sri Lanka.  This species was later recorded from India (Rema Devi 1992).  However, the species in India needs to be re-examined for its taxonomic identity and status." 18897,Systomus pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,pleurotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)",The name of the genus was changed to Systomus by Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). 57453548,Aphyonus gelatinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Aphyonus,gelatinosus,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 60469215,Aphyonus rassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Aphyonus,rassi,,,,,"Nielsen, 1975", 60469186,Alepisaurus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,ALEPISAURIDAE,Alepisaurus,brevirostris,,,,,"Gibbs, 1960", 18139074,Alepocephalus productus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Alepocephalus,productus,,,,,"Gill, 1883", 190419,Bajacalifornia arcylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bajacalifornia,arcylepis,,,,,"Markle & Krefft, 1985", 57453743,Bajacalifornia calcarata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bajacalifornia,calcarata,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 60469516,Bathylaco nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathylaco,nielseni,,,,,"Sazonov & Ivanov, 1980",The family Bathylaconidae is not monophyletic (Poulsen et al. 2009). 190282,Bathytroctes macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathytroctes,macrolepis,,,,,"Günther, 1887",It is in need of a taxonomic revision (Poulsen et al. 2009). 60469527,Bathytroctes squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Bathytroctes,squamosus,,,,,"Alcock, 1890","The genus Narcetes, and Rinoctes and Bathytroctes are in need of a taxonomic revision (Poulsen et al. 2009)." 57825241,Einara edentula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Einara,edentula,,,,,"(Alcock, 1892)", 60481885,Narcetes erimelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Narcetes,erimelas,,,,,"Alcock, 1890","

The genus Narcetes, and Rinoctes and Bathytroctes are in need of a taxonomic revision (Poulsen et al. 2009).


" 18140291,Narcetes stomias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Narcetes,stomias,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)","The genus Narcetes, and Rinoctes and Bathytroctes are in need of a taxonomic revision (Poulsen et al. 2009)." 57453678,Barathronus multidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,multidens,,,,,"Nielsen, 1984", 18138780,Barathronus parfaiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,parfaiti,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)","This species' taxonomic status is under review. It is now only known from the holotype, which is in such a poor state that it can no longer be used for comparison to other specimens (J. Nielsen pers. comm. 2014)." 57453584,Nybelinella erikssoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Nybelinella,erikssoni,,,,,"(Nybelin, 1957)", 60483363,Sciadonus jonassoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Sciadonus,jonassoni,,,,,"(Nybelin, 1957)", 135747,Andinobates dorisswansonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,dorisswansonae,,,,,"(Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez & Quevedo, 2006)", 18140358,Bathylagichthys greyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,BATHYLAGIDAE,Bathylagichthys,greyae,,,,,"(Cohen, 1958)", 18140736,Dolicholagus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,BATHYLAGIDAE,Dolicholagus,longirostris,,,,,"(Maul, 1948)", 190485,Melanolagus bericoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,BATHYLAGIDAE,Melanolagus,bericoides,,,,,"(Borodin, 1929)","Until recently, Melanolagus bericoides was assigned to the genus Bathylagus, and it is often confused with Bathylagus euryops (Møller et al. 2010)." 136028,Andinobates tolimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,tolimensis,,,,,"(Bernal-Bautista, Luna-Mora, Gallego & Quevedo-Gil, 2007)", 198564,Cataetyx alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,alleni,,,,,"(Byrne, 1906)", 60469552,Cataetyx bruuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,bruuni,,,,,"(Nielsen & Nybelin, 1963)", 198623,Cataetyx laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,laticeps,,,,,"Koefoed, 1927", 60470750,Grammonus longhursti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,longhursti,,,,,"(Cohen, 1964)", 60485173,Synchiropus valdiviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,valdiviae,,,,,"(Trunov, 1981)", 198624,Carapus acus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Carapus,acus,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1768)", 60482259,Paracaristius nudarcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARISTIIDAE,Paracaristius,nudarcus,,,,,"Stevenson & Kenaley, 2011", 60482676,Platyberyx andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARISTIIDAE,Platyberyx,andriashevi,,,,,"(Kukuev, Parin & Trunov, 2012)", 60482710,Platyberyx mauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARISTIIDAE,Platyberyx,mauli,,,,,"Kukuev, Parin & Trunov, 2012", 60469615,Caulophryne pelagica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CAULOPHRYNIDAE,Caulophryne,pelagica,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 54938,Centrolene robledoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,robledoi,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995", 60469670,Centrophryne spinulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CENTROPHRYNIDAE,Centrophryne,spinulosa,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 60469697,Cetomimus compunctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetomimus,compunctus,,,,,"Abe, Marumo & Kawaguchi, 1965", 190349,Cetomimus gillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetomimus,gillii,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1895", 60469712,Cetomimus hempeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetomimus,hempeli,,,,,"Maul, 1969", 190260,Cetostoma regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetostoma,regani,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1914", 60470089,Danacetichthys galathenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Danacetichthys,galathenus,,,,,"Paxton, 1989", 190414,Ditropichthys storeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Ditropichthys,storeri,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1895)", 190331,Gyrinomimus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Gyrinomimus,myersi,,,,,"Parr, 1934", 67965135,Mirapinna esau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Mirapinna,esau,,,,,"Bertelsen & Marshall, 1956","Ongoing taxonomic work is expected to confirm that Mirapinna esau actually represents juvenile specimens of Procetichthys kreffti, and therefore, is its senior synonym (Johnson et al. 2009, Paxton et al. 2016)." 60469816,Chiasmodon braueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Chiasmodon,braueri,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 190109,Chiasmodon subniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Chiasmodon,subniger,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 60470373,Dysalotus oligoscolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Dysalotus,oligoscolus,,,,,"Johnson & Cohen, 1974", 60471792,Kali kerberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Kali,kerberti,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 60471825,Kali macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Kali,macrura,,,,,"(Parr, 1933)", 60483083,Pseudoscopelus altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,altipinnis,,,,,"Parr, 1933", 190433,Pseudoscopelus scriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,scriptus,,,,,"Lütken, 1892", 60483092,Pseudoscopelus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,scutatus,,,,,"Krefft, 1971", 60469196,Amblycirrhitus earnshawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Amblycirrhitus,earnshawi,,,,,"Lubbock, 1978", 60469441,Bathycongrus bertini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,bertini,,,,,"(Poll, 1953)", 60485886,Uroconger drachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Uroconger,drachi,,,,,"(Blache & Bauchot, 1976)",May be known by the older name Paruroconger drachi. 18227109,Cyema atrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,CYEMATIDAE,Cyema,atrum,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 60470376,Epigonus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,affinis,,,,,"Parin & Abramov, 1986", 60470481,Gigantactis elsmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,elsmani,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 60470485,Gigantactis gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,gibbsi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 60470489,Gigantactis golovani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,golovani,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 60470665,Gigantactis gracilicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,gracilicauda,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 60470674,Gigantactis herwigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,herwigi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 60470680,Gigantactis ios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,ios,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 60470683,Gigantactis longicirra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,longicirra,,,,,"Waterman, 1939", 60470687,Gigantactis vanhoeffeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,vanhoeffeni,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 60483177,Rhynchactis macrothrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Rhynchactis,macrothrix,,,,,"Bertelsen & Pietsch, 1998", 60469220,Apletodon barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Apletodon,barbatus,,,,,"Fricke, Wirtz & Brito, 2010", 60469224,Apletodon wirtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Apletodon,wirtzi,,,,,"Fricke, 2007", 60470344,Diplecogaster ctenocrypta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Diplecogaster,ctenocrypta,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 60470339,Didogobius amicuscaridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Didogobius,amicuscaridis,,,,,"Schliewen & Kovačić, 2008", 21130109,Didogobius kochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Didogobius,kochi,,,,,"Van Tassell, 1988", 60470745,Gorogobius stevcici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gorogobius,stevcici,,,,,"Kovačić & Schliewen, 2008", 60482909,Priolepis ascensionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,ascensionis,,,,,"(Dawson & Edwards, 1987)", 21130979,Vanneaugobius canariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanneaugobius,canariensis,,,,,"Van Tassell, Miller & Brito, 1988", 60470704,Gonorynchus gonorynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,GONORYNCHIDAE,Gonorynchus,gonorynchus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 18252612,Cyclothone acclinidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,acclinidens,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 60469980,Cyclothone parapallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,parapallida,,,,,"Badcock, 1982", 60469890,Cyclothone pseudoacclinidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,pseudoacclinidens,,,,,"Quéro, 1974", 60470792,Himantolophus albinares,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,albinares,,,,,"Maul, 1961", 60470817,Himantolophus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Regan, 1925)", 60470856,Himantolophus macroceras,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,macroceras,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 60470876,Himantolophus macroceratoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,macroceratoides,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 60470908,Himantolophus multifurcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,multifurcatus,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 60470918,Himantolophus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,rostratus,,,,,"(Regan, 1925)", 60470770,Haplophryne mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Haplophryne,mollis,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 60472006,Linophryne maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,maderensis,,,,,"Maul, 1961", 60472203,Linophryne polypogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,polypogon,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 60472409,Linophryne racemifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,racemifera,,,,," Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 60472779,Linophryne sexfilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,sexfilis,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1973", 190107,Eumecichthys fiski,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,LOPHOTIDAE,Eumecichthys,fiski,,,,,"(Günther, 1890)", 18125776,Coryphaenoides armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,armatus,,,,,"(Hector, 1875)", 198595,Coryphaenoides mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,mediterraneus,,,,,"(Giglioli, 1893)", 60469866,Coryphaenoides rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,rudis,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 60470467,Gadomus arcuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Gadomus,arcuatus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1886)", 60471195,Hymenogadus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Hymenogadus,gracilis,,,,,"(Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920)",The taxonomy of this species is not currently well understood. Hymenocephalus gracilis is a synonym of Hymenogadus gracilis in the Catalog of Fishes. 60475627,Macrouroides inflaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Macrouroides,inflaticeps,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 60481655,Mesobius berryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Mesobius,berryi,,,,,"Hubbs & Iwamoto, 1977", 60482037,Odontomacrurus murrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Odontomacrurus,murrayi,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 60476941,Melamphaes ebelingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,ebelingi,,,,,"Keene, 1973", 60477122,Melamphaes longivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,longivelis,,,,,"Parr, 1933", 60477337,Melamphaes polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,polylepis,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 60477619,Melamphaes pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,pumilus,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 60477991,Melamphaes suborbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,suborbitalis,,,,,"(Gill, 1883)", 60478393,Melamphaes typhlops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,typhlops,,,,,"(Lowe, 1843)", 60482810,Poromitra capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,capito,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1883", 60482859,Poromitra megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,megalops,,,,,"(Lütken, 1878)", 18238049,Scopelogadus beanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopelogadus,beanii,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 60484333,Scopelogadus mizolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopelogadus,mizolepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 18140801,Nansenia groenlandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Nansenia,groenlandica,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1840)","

The taxonomy of the genus Nansenia needs revision, as there may be 1-2 hidden synonymies among the currently recognized species. The importance of vertebral counts to the correct identification of Nansenia species can be overlooked, resulting in misidentification of specimens in museum collections. These misidentifications have been perpetuated through check lists, and thus the true distribution of these species is often uncertain (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014).  

" 60481712,Nansenia longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Nansenia,longicauda,,,,,"Kawaguchi & Butler, 1984","The taxonomy of the genus Nansenia needs revision, as there may be one to two hidden synonymies among the currently recognized species (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014). Further, the importance of vertebral counts to the correct identification of Nansenia species can be overlooked, resulting in misidentification of specimens in museum collections. These misidentifications have been perpetuated through checklists, and thus the true distribution of these species is often uncertain (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014)." 60481729,Nansenia megalopa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Nansenia,megalopa,,,,," Kawaguchi & Butler, 1984","The taxonomy of the genus Nansenia needs revision, as there may be one to two hidden synonymies among the currently recognized species (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014). Further, the importance of vertebral counts to the correct identification of Nansenia species can be overlooked, resulting in misidentification of specimens in museum collections. These misidentifications have been perpetuated through checklists, and thus the true distribution of these species is often uncertain (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014)." 60481876,Nansenia pelagica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Nansenia,pelagica,,,,,"Kawaguchi & Butler, 1984","The taxonomy of the genus Nansenia needs revision, as there may be one or two hidden synonymies among the currently recognized species (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014). Further, the importance of vertebral counts to the correct identification of Nansenia species can be overlooked, resulting in misidentification of specimens in museum collections. These misidentifications have been perpetuated through checklists, and thus the true distribution of these species is often uncertain (O. Gon pers. comm. 2014)." 190131,Xenophthalmichthys danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,MICROSTOMATIDAE,Xenophthalmichthys,danae,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 60481663,Monognathus nigeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,nigeli,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 60470461,Gadella svetovidovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Gadella,svetovidovi,,,,,"Trunov, 1992", 60471850,Laemonema robustum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Laemonema,robustum,,,,,"Johnson, 1862", 17245,Physiculus helenaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,helenaensis,,,,,"Paulin, 1989", 60482611,Physiculus maslowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,maslowskii,,,,,"Trunov, 1991", 60470092,Diaphus problematicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,problematicus,,,,,"Parr, 1928", 60470096,Diaphus vanhoeffeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,vanhoeffeni,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 60471855,Lampadena speculigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,speculigera,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 18128938,Lampanyctus macdonaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,macdonaldi,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 60471860,Lampanyctus photonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,photonotus,,,,,"Parr, 1928", 60471865,Lampanyctus vadulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,vadulus,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 60473762,Loweina interrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Loweina,interrupta,,,,,"(Tåning, 1928)", 60474290,Loweina rara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Loweina,rara,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 60481692,Nannobrachium wisneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Nannobrachium,wisneri,,,,,"Zahuranec, 2000", 198621,Notoscopelus bolini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Notoscopelus,bolini,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1975", 60481936,Notoscopelus kroyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Notoscopelus,kroyeri,,,,,"(Malm, 1861)", 60485122,Symbolophorus kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,kreffti,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 190214,Nemichthys scolopaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NEMICHTHYIDAE,Nemichthys,scolopaceus,,,,,"Richardson, 1848", 60481914,Neoceratias spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,NEOCERATIIDAE,Neoceratias,spinifer,,,,,"Pappenheim, 1914", 60469804,Chaenophryne draco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Chaenophryne,draco,,,,,"Beebe, 1932", 60469877,Ctenochirichthys longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Ctenochirichthys,longimanus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 60470358,Dolopichthys jubatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dolopichthys,jubatus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 190278,Dolopichthys longicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dolopichthys,longicornis,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 60470361,Dolopichthys pullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dolopichthys,pullatus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 60471934,Leptacanthichthys gracilispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Leptacanthichthys,gracilispinis,,,,,"(Regan, 1925)", 190157,Lophodolos acanthognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Lophodolos,acanthognathus,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 60482063,Oneirodes clarkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,clarkei,,,,,"Swinney & Pietsch, 1988", 60482102,Oneirodes macrosteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,macrosteus,,,,,"Pietsch, 1974", 60482105,Oneirodes myrionemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,myrionemus,,,,,"Pietsch, 1974", 60482374,Pentherichthys atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Pentherichthys,atratus,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)", 60482553,Phyllorhinichthys balushkini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Phyllorhinichthys,balushkini,,,,,"Pietsch, 2004", 60482562,Phyllorhinichthys micractis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Phyllorhinichthys,micractis,,,,,"Pietsch, 1969", 190402,Spiniphryne gladisfenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Spiniphryne,gladisfenae,,,,,"(Beebe, 1932)", 60482178,Ophichthus pullus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,pullus,,,,,McCosker 2005, 60469175,Abyssobrotula galatheae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Abyssobrotula,galatheae,,,,,"Nielsen, 1977", 190201,Acanthonus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Acanthonus,armatus,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 60469204,Apagesoma delosommatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Apagesoma,delosommatus,,,,,"(Hureau, Staiger & Nielsen, 1979)", 57714556,Barathrites iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Barathrites,iris,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1911", 57441,Mantella cowanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,cowanii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 190154,Bassozetus compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,compressus,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 60469264,Bassozetus levistomatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,levistomatus,,,,,"Machida, 1989", 60469273,Bassozetus normalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,normalis,,,,,"Gill, 1883", 60469298,Bassozetus oncerocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,oncerocephalus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 18138825,Bassozetus taenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,taenia,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 57693936,Bathyonus laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bathyonus,laticeps,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)","Taxonomic revision of the genus Bathyonus is needed in order to verify species distributions (Nielsen et al. 1999). Nielsen et al. (2008) collected an specimen from the Southern Ocean, but did not describe it past the genus level because of unresolved taxonomic issues within the genus." 60470322,Dicrolene introniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,introniger,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1883",The genus Dicrolene is in need of taxonomic revision. 60470977,Holcomycteronus profundissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Holcomycteronus,profundissimus,,,,,"(Roule, 1913)", 57453696,Holcomycteronus squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Holcomycteronus,squamosus,,,,,"(Roule, 1916)", 60471877,Lamprogrammus brunswigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lamprogrammus,brunswigi,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 60471883,Lamprogrammus exutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lamprogrammus,exutus,,,,,"Nybelin & Poll, 1958", 60471901,Lamprogrammus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lamprogrammus,niger,,,,,"Alcock, 1891", 60471916,Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lamprogrammus,shcherbachevi,,,,,"Cohen & Rohr, 1993", 190262,Luciobrotula corethromycter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Luciobrotula,corethromycter,,,,,"Cohen, 1964","

Nielsen (2009) revised the genus Luciobrotula, finding three species in the Atlantic Ocean: L. brasiliensis, L. corethromycter, and L. nolfi. 

" 60475013,Luciobrotula nolfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Luciobrotula,nolfi,,,,,"Cohen, 1981", 18138869,Monomitopus metriostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,metriostoma,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 60482312,Penopus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Penopus,microphthalmus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 60482715,Porogadus abyssalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,abyssalis,,,,,"Nybelin, 1957", 60482748,Porogadus miles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,miles,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1885", 60482776,Porogadus nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,nudus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1888", 60482786,Porogadus subarmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,subarmatus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1888", 60484408,Selachophidium guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Selachophidium,guentheri,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1903", 18139045,Spectrunculus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Spectrunculus,grandis,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 58241062,Dolichopteryx longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Dolichopteryx,longipes,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)", 60483211,Rhynchohyalus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Rhynchohyalus,natalensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924)", 60482248,Parabrotula plagiophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Parabrotula,plagiophthalma,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1911", 60485860,Uncisudis longirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Uncisudis,longirostra,,,,,"Maul, 1956", 60469546,Bembrops cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Bembrops,cadenati,,,,,"Das & Nelson, 1996", 60471691,Ichthyococcus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Ichthyococcus,polli,,,,,"Blache, 1964", 190258,Polymetme thaeocoryla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Polymetme,thaeocoryla,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1990", 60486567,Woodsia nonsuchae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Woodsia,nonsuchae,,,,,"(Beebe, 1932)", 198604,Phycis phycis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,PHYCIDAE,Phycis,phycis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 60469249,Barbantus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Barbantus,elongatus,,,,,"Krefft, 1970", 57453720,Maulisia argipalla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Maulisia,argipalla,,,,,"Matsui & Rosenblatt, 1979", 60479648,Mentodus facilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Mentodus,facilis,,,,,"(Parr, 1951)", 60480024,Mentodus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Mentodus,longirostris,,,,,"(Sazonov & Golovan, 1976)", 60480620,Mentodus mesalirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Mentodus,mesalirus,,,,,"(Matsui & Rosenblatt, 1987)", 60480946,Mentodus perforatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Mentodus,perforatus,,,,,"Sazonov & Trunov, 1978","Mentodus perforatus Sazonov and Trunov, 1978 was described as a separate species, distinct from M. rostratus (Quéro et al. 1990)." 60481184,Mentodus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Mentodus,rostratus,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)","Mentodus perforatus Sazonov and Trunov, 1978 was described as a separate species, distinct from M. rostratus (Quéro et al. 1990)." 60483137,Regalecus russelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,REGALECIDAE,Regalecus,russelii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 60483257,Rondeletia bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,RONDELETIIDAE,Rondeletia,bicolor,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1895", 60483273,Rondeletia loricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,RONDELETIIDAE,Rondeletia,loricata,,,,,"Abe & Hotta, 1963", 190354,Idiastion kyphos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Idiastion,kyphos,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1965", 17977,Pontinus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 60484350,Scorpaena ascensionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,ascensionis,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1971", 60484369,Scorpaena mellissii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,mellissii,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 60484396,Scorpaenodes insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,insularis,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1971", 60484435,Serranus heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,heterurus,,,,,"(Cadenat, 1937)", 60469170,Abyssoberyx levisquamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,STEPHANOBERYCIDAE,Abyssoberyx,levisquamosus,,,,,"Merrett & Moore, 2005", 190341,Acanthochaenus luetkenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,STEPHANOBERYCIDAE,Acanthochaenus,luetkenii,,,,,"Gill, 1884", 190130,Argyripnus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,atlanticus,,,,,"Maul, 1952", 60476220,Maurolicus amethystinopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,amethystinopunctatus,,,,,"Cocco, 1838",Sutton et al. (2013) report that recent molecular analyses suggest this species may be aheteromorphic synonym of Maurolicus muelleri. 60484826,Sternoptyx pseudodiaphana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Sternoptyx,pseudodiaphana,,,,,"Borodulina, 1977", 60469232,Aristostomias lunifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Aristostomias,lunifer,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60469237,Astronesthes decoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,decoratus,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 2002", 60469241,Astronesthes haplophos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,haplophos,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 2002", 60469244,Astronesthes karsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,karsteni,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 2002", 60469323,Bathophilus metallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,metallicus,,,,,"(Welsh, 1923)", 60469375,Bathophilus schizochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,schizochirus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60470379,Eustomias aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,aequatorialis,,,,,"Clarke, 1998", 60470382,Eustomias contiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,contiguus,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 190416,Eustomias furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,furcifer,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60470388,Eustomias insularum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,insularum,,,,,"Clarke, 1998", 60470392,Eustomias intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,intermedius,,,,,"Clarke, 1998", 60470395,Eustomias kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,kreffti,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 60470399,Eustomias lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,lanceolatus,,,,,"Clarke, 1999", 18257189,Grammatostomias flagellibarba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Grammatostomias,flagellibarba,,,,,"Holt & Byrne, 1910", 60471973,Leptostomias gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,gracilis,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60478881,Melanostomias melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,melanops,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 60479167,Melanostomias paucilaternatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,paucilaternatus,,,,,"Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1978", 60479354,Melanostomias spilorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,spilorhynchus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60482467,Photonectes caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,caerulescens,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60482532,Photostomias atrox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photostomias,atrox,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 18257684,Trigonolampa miriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Trigonolampa,miriceps,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60471925,Lasiognathus saccostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Lasiognathus,saccostoma,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 198751,Chelidonichthys lastoviza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Chelidonichthys,lastoviza,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1768)", 60485561,Trigla macrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Trigla,macrodactylus,,,,,"Günther, 1889",The type specimen in British museum could not reliably be identified to the species level as the specimen is in poor condition and is a juvenile (11.4 mm SL). This species is undetermined and is likely a junior synonym. 198723,Melanostigma atlanticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Melanostigma,atlanticum,,,,,"Koefoed, 1952", 60938000,Polypterus endlicherii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,endlicherii,,,,,"Hekel, 1847", 176260,Liotyphlops beui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,beui,,,,,"(Amaral, 1924)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Liotyphlops ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896) by Dixon and Kofron (1984)." 11995,Liolaemus constanzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,constanzae,,,,,Donoso-Barros 1961,"Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005) consider that Liolaemus constanzae consist of two subspecies: L. c. constanzae and L. c. donosoi both occurring in Antofagasta province, Chile, and the former subspecies also found in Salta province, Argentina. However, Avila et al. (2013) were unable to find any reliable bibliographic citation or reference material collected in Argentinean territory.

Lobo et al. (2010) argue that both forms should be considered separate species, whereas Troncoso-Palacios (2013) considers L. donosoi as a junior synonym of L. constanzae. Given this information, it is recommended further taxonomic studies be conducted to establish a correct diagnosis of the species. The concept applied here includes L. c. donosoi as a subspecies pending resolution of this issue." 11998,Liolaemus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,fuscus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885",Was under Iguanidae. 12001,Liolaemus huacahuasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,huacahuasicus,,,,,"Laurent, 1985",Was under Iguanidae. 12003,Liolaemus lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,lemniscatus,,,,,"Gravenhorst, 1837","There is uncertainty regarding the identity of records of this species from Argentina, considered to represent this species by Avila et al. (2013). Other authors suggest that these records may be referrable to L. abdalai (Quinteros 2012, Abdala et al. 2012)." 12009,Liolaemus rabinoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,rabinoi,,,,,"(Cei, 1974)",Was under Iguanidae. 29443,Liolaemus ramirezae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ramirezae,,,,,"Lobo & Espinoza, 1999",Was under Iguanidae. 29490,Apostolepis quirogai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,quirogai,,,,,"Giraudo & Scrocchi, 1998", 39907,Anisolepis undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Anisolepis,undulatus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 40794,Liolaemus gravenhorstii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,gravenhorstii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","Records presently assigned to this species from Argentina are very unlikely to represent this species, as the Argentinian and Chilean populations are separated by mountains up to 5,000 m high, and the Argentinian records are themselves from valleys more than 400 km from one another (L. Avila pers. comm. 2016). Resolution of this issue is complicated as the few known Argentinian specimens are poorly-preserved (L. Avila pers. obs.). For the purposes of this assessment L. gravenhorstii is considered to be endemic to Chile." 169682,Tomodon dorsatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tomodon,dorsatus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 169683,Tomodon ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tomodon,ocellatus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 174102,Psomophis obtusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Psomophis,obtusus,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 174104,Xenodon neuwiedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,neuwiedii,,,,,"Günther, 1863", 174148,Lygophis vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,vanzolinii,,,,,"(Dixon, 1985)", 176775,Mussurana bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Mussurana,bicolor,,,,,"(Peracca, 1904)", 176817,Hydrops caesurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydrops,caesurus,,,,,"Scrocchi, Lucia-Ferreira, Giraudo, Avila & Motte, 2005", 176832,Erythrolamprus ceii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,ceii,,,,,"(Dixon, 1991)", 176833,Lygophis dilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,dilepis,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 176834,Lygophis elegantissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,elegantissimus,,,,,"(Koslowsky, 1896)", 176835,Erythrolamprus jaegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,jaegeri,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 177435,Phalotris lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,lemniscatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Dumérill, 1854)", 177437,Philodryas psammophidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,psammophidea,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 177438,Philodryas varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,varia,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 177567,Tachymenis chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tachymenis,chilensis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","There are two subspecies:
T. chilensis chilensis (Schlegel, 1837)
T. chilensis coronellina (Werner, 1898)." 177570,Pseudoboa haasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoboa,haasi,,,,,"Boettger, 1905", 177585,Dipsas ventrimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,ventrimaculata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)",Fernandes et al. (1998) synonymized Heterorhachis poecilolepis with Sibynomorphus ventrimaculatus.

Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. 177586,Thamnodynastes strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,strigatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 177930,Liolaemus gallardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,gallardoi,,,,,"Cei & Scolaro, 1982", 177931,Liolaemus petrophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,petrophilus,,,,,"Donoso-Barros & Cei, 1971", 177933,Liolaemus xanthoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,xanthoviridis,,,,,"Cei & Scolaro, 1980", 178195,Liolaemus capillitas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,capillitas,,,,,"Hulse, 1979", 178226,Diplolaemus darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Diplolaemus,darwinii,,,,,"Bell, 1843", 178295,Liolaemus duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,duellmani,,,,,"Cei, 1978", 178310,Liolaemus austromendocinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,austromendocinus,,,,,"Cei, 1974", 178320,Leiosaurus catamarcensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Leiosaurus,catamarcensis,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 178340,Salvator merianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Salvator,merianae,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 178357,Anisolepis grilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Anisolepis,grilli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891", 178368,Homonota fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,fasciata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1831)","Homonota horrida has variously been treated as a full species or as a junior synonym of H. fasciata, with synonymization proposed by both Abdala and Lavilla (1993) and Cacciali et al. (2007). At present the two taxa are considered to be synonymous (A. Giraudo pers. comm. 2016), and this scheme is followed here." 178479,Liolaemus fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 178480,Liolaemus vallecurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,vallecurensis,,,,,"Pereyra, 1992", 178518,Liolaemus fitzingerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,fitzingerii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1873)", 178558,Liolaemus mapuche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,mapuche,,,,,"Abdala, 2002", 178638,Liolaemus archeforus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,archeforus,,,,,"Donoso-Barros & Cei, 1971", 178680,Phymaturus calcogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,calcogaster,,,,,"Scolaro & Cei, 2003", 178687,Phymaturus palluma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,palluma,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","The former subspecies Phymaturus palluma patagonicus Koslowsky, 1898, has been elevated to species status. An additional species, P. roigorum, has recently been described based on material previously believed to represent P. palluma (Lobo and Abdala 2007).

The ICZN has ruled that the current usage of the generic name Phymaturus (Gravenhorst, 1837) and the specific name P. palluma (Molina, 1782) for a genus and a species of lizard from South America is conserved by designation of the holotype of Centrura flagellifer (Bell, 1843) as the neotype of Lacerta palluma (Molina, 1782). Lobo and Etheridge (2013) subsequently examined the history of this specimen and concluded that it represents the species recently described as P. gynechlomus. Consequently, P. gynechlomus is a junior synonym of P. palluma (Lobo and Etheridge 2013)." 178697,Cercosaura schreibersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,schreibersii,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1834","This is a species complex (Langstroth 2005, Nogueira 2006) which contains two recognized subspecies: Cercosaurus schreibersii schreibersii Wiegmann, 1834 and C. s. albostrigatus (Griffin, 1917)." 178701,Kentropyx viridistriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Kentropyx,viridistriga,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 184107,Rena unguirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,unguirostris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 190549,Mussurana quimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Mussurana,quimi,,,,,"(Franco, Marques & Puorto, 1997)", 190552,Lygophis flavifrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,flavifrenatus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 190554,Lygophis meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,meridionalis,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)", 190556,Lygophis anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,anomalus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 203147,Leiosaurus bellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Leiosaurus,bellii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 10459,Boana marianitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,marianitae,,,,,"(Carrizo, 1992)","It was previously within the genus Hypsiboas, recently considered to be a junior synonym of Boana, and therefore transferred to this genus (Faivovich et al. 2005, Dubois 2017)." 54603,Rhinella castaneotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,castaneotica,,,,,"(Caldwell, 1991)",This species is probably a complex of more than one species (Pereyra et al. 2021). 54607,Rhaebo ceratophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,ceratophrys,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 182513521,Rhinella fissipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,fissipes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 54713,Rhaebo nasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,nasicus,,,,,"(Werner, 1903)", 54735,Rhinella poeppigii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,poeppigii,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)",This species was previously considered a synonym of Rhinella marina. The systematics of this taxon require further investigation. 54764,Rhinella stanlaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,stanlaii,,,,,"(Lötters & Köhler, 2000)", 88975754,Ranitomeya reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,reticulata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)","Ranitomeya ignea has been synonymized under this species (Brown et al. 2011). It is possible that R. ventrimaculata is a synonym of this species, and it has been suggested as the juvenile coloration of the former is retained as a morph form of the latter (Brown et al. 2011)." 55215,Ameerega bilinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,bilinguis,,,,,"(Jungfer, 1989)",The species had previously been confused with Ameerega parvula according to the original description. 55216,Ameerega boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,boliviana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 55229,Ameerega parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,parvula,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",Specimens from Colombia previously referred to A. parvula are now included in A. bilinguis. 55337,Gastrotheca griswoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,griswoldi,,,,,"Shreve, 1941","The subpopulation from Huánuco likely comprises an undescribed species (R. von May pers. comm. April 2017). However, it is included in this assessment until it is formally described." 55343,Gastrotheca longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,longipes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55352,Gastrotheca peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,peruana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)",This form might be a complex of more than one species. 55375,Osteocephalus alboguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,alboguttatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 55392,Dendropsophus aperomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,aperomeus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1982)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55405,Boana balzani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,balzani,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). This form is a complex of more than one species (J. Köhler pers comm)." 55428,Boana callipleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,callipleura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)","Duellman et al. (1997) placed this species in the synonymy of Boana (Hypsiboas) balzani, but it was tentatively resurrected by Köhler (2000), who discussed the problems with the assignment of names. There is some doubt as to whether or not B. callipleura is the correct name for this species, because of problems with gaining access to its type locality." 55464,Dendropsophus delarivai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,delarivai,,,,,"(Köhler & Lötters, 2001)",Ecuadorian subpopulations of Dendropsophus minutus could belong to this species. 55505,Boana hutchinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,hutchinsi,,,,,"(Pyburn & Hall, 1984)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005). It has now subsequently been moved to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017).  

It was believed that this species could occur in Brazil, but the specimens from Brazil are recognized as B. ventrimaculata (P. Peloso, Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021)." 55525,Scinax karenanneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,karenanneae,,,,,"(Pyburn, 1993)","This species was previously with the genus Hyla, but was recently moved to Scinax (Faivovich et al. 2005)." 55534,Boana lemai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,lemai,,,,,"(Rivero, 1972)", 55550,Dendropsophus mathiassoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,mathiassoni,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)",It might be conspecific with Dendropsophus microcephalus. 55593,Boana pellucens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,pellucens,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005). It has now been moved to the new genus Boana (Dubois 2017). 55655,Boana sibleszi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,sibleszi,,,,,"(Rivero, 1972)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005), and transferred to Boana by Dubois (2017). Its phylogenetic relationships have been assessed by Sturaro et al. (2020) and recovered as the sister taxon of the Boana benitezi group, although with no significant support." 55791,Osteocephalus deridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,deridens,,,,,"Jungfer, Ron, Seipp and Almendariz, 2000", 55795,Osteocephalus heyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,heyeri,,,,,"Lynch, 2002", 55797,Osteocephalus leoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,leoniae,,,,,"Jungfer and Lehr, 2001", 55799,Osteocephalus mutabor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,mutabor,,,,,"Jungfer and Hödl, 2002","Osteocephalus mutabor was previously confused with O. leprieurii, from the Amazon Basin of Ecuador (Jungfer and Hödl 2002)." 55804,Osteocephalus verruciger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,verruciger,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)",There are serious taxonomic problems with this species (K.-H. Jungfer pers comm.). 55805,Osteocephalus yasuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,yasuni,,,,,"Ron and Pramuk, 1999", 55819,Trachycephalus hadroceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,hadroceps,,,,,"(Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992)",This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas which was recently synonymized with Trachycephalus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55847,Phyllomedusa coelestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,coelestis,,,,,"(Cope, 1874)","The species is poorly known in Ecuador, but is probably overlooked due to its similarity with other Phyllomedusa (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. September 2017)." 55852,Agalychnis hulli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,hulli,,,,,"(Duellman & Mendelson, 1995)",This species was previously within the genus Phyllomedusa but moved to the genus Hylomantis (Faivovich et al. 2005) and then to Agalychnis (Faivovich et al. 2010). A taxonomic review is pending for this species and A. buckleyi (Ortega-Andrade pers. comm. 2014). 55989,Scinax proboscideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,proboscideus,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1933)", 56386,Pristimantis aaptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,aaptus,,,,,"(Lynch & Lescure, 1980)", 87738003,Pristimantis acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,acuminatus,,,,,"(Shreve, 1935)","This is the new concept of Pristimantis acuminatus without P. limoncochensis, P. omeviridis and P. enigmaticus (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015). Following genetic and morphological analysis, subpopulations from eastern Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Orellana, and Pastaza provinces) and northern Loreto Department in Peru, up to 960 m asl, have now been assigned to Pristimantis enigmaticus; subpopulations from southern Ecuador (Napo, Sucumbíos, and Orellana provinces), two localities from Putumayo and Caquetá Departments in Colombia, up to 593 m asl, and possibly records from Brazil, have been assigned to P. limoncochensis; and subpopulations from northern Ecuador (Napo and Orellana provinces) and one locality from Loreto Department in Peru, up to 382 m asl, and possibly records from Brazil, have been assigned to P. omeviridis (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015)." 56486,Pristimantis cajamarcensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cajamarcensis,,,,,"(Barbour and Noble, 1920)", 56510,Pristimantis chloronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,chloronotus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1969)", 56533,Pristimantis croceoinguinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,croceoinguinis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1968)", 56664,Pristimantis imitatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,imitatrix,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)",The taxonomy of this species requires resolution. 56671,Pristimantis inguinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,inguinalis,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)", 56724,Pristimantis llojsintuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,llojsintuta,,,,,"(Köhler & Lötters, 1999)", 56735,Pristimantis lymani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lymani,,,,,"(Barbour and Noble, 1920)", 56737,Pristimantis lythrodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lythrodes,,,,,"(Lynch and Lescure, 1980)", 56837,Pristimantis paululus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,paululus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1974)", 56855,Pristimantis phoxocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,phoxocephalus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56883,Pristimantis pseudoacuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pseudoacuminatus,,,,,"(Shreve, 1935)", 56887,Pristimantis pulvinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pulvinatus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","

Originally described as a member of Eleutherodactylus (Rivero 1968) and later transferred to Pristimantis (Heinicke et al. 2007). Not assigned to any species group by Hedges et al. (2008) neither by Padial et al. (2014). Its phylogenetic relationships within Pristimantis have been assessed by Kok et al. (2012, 2018), Padial et al. (2014), and Jablonski et al. (2017) on the basis of molecular data. Records of P. pulvinatus documented by Duellman (1997) from La Escalera, and the sequence used by Hedges et al. (2008) from the same region, actually correspond to misidentified specimens of P. marmoratus (Kok et al. 2018).

" 56894,Pristimantis quaquaversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,quaquaversus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1974)", 88433159,Pristimantis rhabdolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rhabdolaemus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)",This is a restricted concept of Pristimantis rhabdolaemus following the revalidation of P. pharangobates which was previously placed in synonymy with this species (Duellman and Lehr 2009). 56943,Pristimantis samaipatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,samaipatae,,,,,"(Köhler & Jungfer, 1995)", 57035,Pristimantis ventrimarmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ventrimarmoratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 57057,Pristimantis w-nigrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,w-nigrum,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)", 57066,Pristimantis zimmermanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,zimmermanae,,,,,"(Heyer and Hardy, 1991)",Fouquet et al. (2019) referred to specimens from the Manaus region of Brazil and of the Mitaraka Massif of French Guiana as Pristimantis aff. zimmermanae. 57285,Pleurodema cinereum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,cinereum,,,,,"Cope, 1878","Subpopulations in highland areas have different calls and morphology when compared to lowland subpopulations. Nonetheless, a molecular study by McLister et al. (1991) did not find any difference between highland and lowland subpopulations." 57287,Pleurodema guayapae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,guayapae,,,,,"Barrio, 1964","This species has at least two allopatric subpopulations, and taxonomic work is needed to determine whether or not these are truly conspecific." 58158,Pipa arrabali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pipa,arrabali,,,,,"Izecksohn, 1976","Venezuelan specimens previously referred as Pipa aspera by La Marca (1992) are in fact P. arrabali. Both species are very similar and mostly sympatric, so the validity of P. arrabali is doubtful, it could be a junior synonym of P. aspera according to Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019)." 58159,Pipa aspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pipa,aspera,,,,,"Müller, 1924", 58163,Pipa pipa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pipa,pipa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 59511,Caecilia disossea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,disossea,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59523,Caecilia orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,orientalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). It is probable that specimens from Colombia and Ecuador belong to different species (J. Lynch pers. comm.). 59527,Caecilia subdermalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,subdermalis,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 61774,Dendropsophus coffea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,coffea,,,,,"(Köhler, Jungfer & Reichle, 2005)",

 

61825,Gastrotheca piperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,piperata,,,,,"Duellman & Köhler, 2005", 135755,Pristimantis aureolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,aureolineatus,,,,,"(Guayasamin, Ron, Cisneros-Heredia, Lamar and McCracken, 2006)", 135773,Pristimantis saltissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,saltissimus,,,,,"Means & Savage, 2007","This species can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features, colour pattern and the production of odorous skin secretions (Means and Savage 2007)." 135821,Ameerega yungicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,yungicola,,,,,"(Lötters, Schmitz & Reichle, 2005)","Ameerega yungicola can be distinguished from other similar species by differences in colour pattern, advertisement call and base composition of the 16S rRNA gene (Lötters et al. 2005). Similar species include A. altamazonica, A. hahneli and A. picta, in fact, this might be a junior synonym of A. picta (S. Lötters and S. Reichle pers. comm. September 2019)." 135884,Pristimantis bellator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bellator,,,,,"Lehr, Aguilar, Siu-Ting and Jordán, 2007","Pristimantis bellator is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lehr et al., 2007)." 136144,Pristimantis corrugatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,corrugatus,,,,,"(Duellman, Lehr and Venegas, 2006)","In the Eleutherodactylus orestes group according to the original publication. In the genus Pristimantis according to Heinicke et al. (2007). Pristimantis corrugatus is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lehr and Duellman, 2007)." 136169,Myersiohyla liliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Myersiohyla,liliae,,,,,"(Kok, 2006)","This species was tentatively assigned to the Hypsiboas punctatus group in the original publication, diagnosed by its morphological, ecological and advertisement call features (Kok 2006); it was previously moved to the genus Boana by Dubois (2017), and has now been moved to Myersiohyla by Pinheiro et al. (2018)." 136184,Boana nympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,nympha,,,,,"(Faivovich, Moravec, Cisneros-Heredia & Köhler, 2006)",This species was previously within the genus Hypsiboas but has been moved to Boana following Dubois (2017). 231,Acipenser dabryanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,dabryanus,,,,,"Duméril, 1869", 7999,Eremophilus mutisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Eremophilus,mutisii,,,,,"Humboldt, 1805", 19661,Rhizosomichthys totae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Rhizosomichthys,totae,,,,,"(Miles, 1942)","No entry for this species in Eschmeyer 91998). The only entry for totae in Eschmeyer is Pygidium totae valid as Trichomycterus totae both from the same family, Trichomycteridae, as Rhizosomichthys. FishBase records R. totae as a synonym of T. totae based on Burgess (1989). Stiassny and Harrison (1999) indicate that this may just be a ""fat form of Trichomycterus""." 161385,Potamotrygon magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Potamotrygon,magdalenae,,,,,"(Duméril, 1865)","This species has been mistaken for P. yepezi from Lake Maracaibo (Rosa 1985). It is also pointed out as being easily mistaken for P. falkneri, P. signata and P. castexi in the ornamental trade (Ross and Schäfer 2000).
This species presents a great variation in coloration patterns, and it has been proposed that individuals from the upper part of the Magdalena basin (Embalse de Prado) differ from those from the lower part of the basin (Ortega-Lara, per. comm). Similarly, marketers argue that there are two morphs (red and black) in the Magdalena basin, but only the black ones (lower basin) are of ornamental interest. Genetic studies indicate that a population structure exists in five different localities of the lower (Mesolandia, Chimichagua and Ayapel) and middle (Paredes and Guarinocito) sub-basins of the Magdalena River, separated by three geographic barriers (Ramírez 2018).
OLDThis species has been mistaken for P. yepezi from Lake Maracaibo (Rosa 1985). It is also pointed out as being easily mistaken for P. falkneri, P. signata and P. castexi in the ornamental trade (Ross and Schäfer 2000)." 167634,Curimata mivartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimata,mivartii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1878", 167659,Bryconamericus ichoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,ichoensis,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2000", 167685,Isorineloricaria tenuicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Isorineloricaria,tenuicauda,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 167740,Malacoglanis gelatinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Malacoglanis,gelatinosus,,,,,"Myers & Weitzman, 1966", 167741,Imparfinis spurrellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,spurrellii,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)",The family is undergoing extensive revision likely to be published in 2007. It is therefore uncertain to what entity the species name currently refers to. 167742,Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,euacanthagenys,,,,,"Isbrücker, 1979", 49829514,Priapichthys caliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapichthys,caliensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Henn, 1916)", 49829518,Cetopsorhamdia boquillae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Cetopsorhamdia,boquillae,,,,,"Eigenmann & Fisher, 1922", 49829531,Astroblepus chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,chapmani,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49829533,Dolichancistrus atratoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dolichancistrus,atratoensis,,,,,"(Dahl, 1960)", 49829536,Chaetostoma vagum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,vagum,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 49829565,Brycon medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,medemi,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 49829570,Cynodonichthys magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,magdalenae,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Henn, 1916)", 49829575,Pimelodella eutaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,eutaenia,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 49829578,Apteronotus magdalenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,magdalenensis,,,,,"(Miles, 1945)", 49829585,Cichlasoma microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichlasoma,microlepis,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 49829600,Dolichancistrus carnegiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dolichancistrus,carnegiei,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1916)", 49829607,Astroblepus ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,ventralis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49829611,Sturisomatichthys aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,aureus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1900)", 49829612,Creagrutus magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,magdalenae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49829632,Brycon rubricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,rubricauda,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879", 49829642,Hemibrycon boquiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,boquiae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 49829658,Bryconamericus miraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,miraensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 49829660,Panaque cochliodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaque,cochliodon,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 49829661,Chaetostoma alternifasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,alternifasciatum,,,,,"Fowler, 1945", 49829670,Rineloricaria sneiderni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,sneiderni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)", 49829679,Astroblepus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,frenatus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1918", 49829697,Callichthys fabricioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Callichthys,fabricioi,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Lehmann & Muñoz, 1999", 49829699,Grundulus cochae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Grundulus,cochae,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Paepke & Pantoja, 2003",This species is considered a synonym of Grundulus bogotensis (Mojica et al. 2012) 49829701,Cyphocharax magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,magdalenae,,,,,"(Steindachnner, 1878)", 49829706,Astroblepus micrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,micrescens,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917", 49829729,Megalonema xanthum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Megalonema,xanthum,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49829734,Spatuloricaria atratoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,atratoensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 49829738,Neoheterandria elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Neoheterandria,elegans,,,,,"Henn, 1916", 49829741,Astroblepus unifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,unifasciatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49829743,Trichomycterus latistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,latistriatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)", 49829744,Astyanax orthodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,orthodus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1907", 49829750,Apteronotus spurrellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,spurrellii,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)", 49829755,Pseudocurimata patiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Pseudocurimata,patiae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1914)", 49829756,Brycon fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,fowleri,,,,,"Dahl, 1955", 49829760,Trichomycterus retropinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,retropinnis,,,,,"Regan, 1903", 49829797,Steindachnerina atratoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,atratoensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49829828,Pimelodus grosskopfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,grosskopfii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879", 49829835,Apteronotus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,mariae,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Fisher, 1914)", 49829839,Hyphessobrycon condotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,condotensis,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 49829853,Pterobrycon landoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pterobrycon,landoni,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49829863,Brycon moorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,moorei,,,,,"Steindachner, 1878", 49829875,Hypostomus holostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,holostictus,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 49829902,Trichomycterus regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,regani,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)", 49829911,Hemibrycon colombianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,colombianus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914", 49829912,Chaetostoma aburrense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,aburrense,,,,,"(Posada, 1909)", 49829923,Astroblepus cirratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,cirratus,,,,,"(Regan, 1912)", 49829945,Paravandellia phaneronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Paravandellia,phaneronema,,,,,"(Miles, 1943)", 49829950,Geophagus pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,pellegrini,,,,,"Regan, 1912", 49829964,Cetopsorhamdia nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Cetopsorhamdia,nasus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916", 49829966,Cynodonichthys elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,elegans,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)", 49829967,Bryconamericus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,multiradiatus,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 49829975,Gymnotus ardilai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,ardilai,,,,,"Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert, 2004", 49829976,Astyanax microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,microlepis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49829978,Astyanax caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,caucanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 49829982,Acestrocephalus anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acestrocephalus,anomalus,,,,,"(Steindachnner, 1880)", 49829991,Leporinus muyscorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,muyscorum,,,,,"Steindachner, 1901", 49830000,Astroblepus nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,nicefori,,,,,"Myers, 1932", 49830018,Pseudochalceus kyburzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pseudochalceus,kyburzi,,,,,"Schultz, 1966", 49830029,Astroblepus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,mariae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1919)", 49830030,Hoplosternum magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Hoplosternum,magdalenae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830031,Pseudopoecilia austrocolumbiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudopoecilia,austrocolumbiana,,,,,"Radda, 1987", 49830035,Brycon henni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,henni,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830048,Bunocephalus colombianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,colombianus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830057,Hemibrycon velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,velox,,,,,"Dahl, 1964", 49830061,Chaetostoma anale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,anale,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 49830089,Cordylancistrus daguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Cordylancistrus,daguae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49830092,Chaetostoma palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,palmeri,,,,,"Regan, 1912", 49830096,Farlowella gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,gracilis,,,,,"Regan, 1904", 49830109,Hemibrycon dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,dentatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 49830112,Characidium phoxocephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,phoxocephalum,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830113,Brycon meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,meeki,,,,,"Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1918", 49830130,Chaetostoma brevilabiatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,brevilabiatum,,,,,"Dahl, 1942", 49830134,Spatuloricaria caquetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,caquetae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 49830147,Argopleura chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Argopleura,chocoensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 49830153,Trachelyopterus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,insignis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 49830156,Chaetostoma paucispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,paucispinis,,,,,"Regan, 1912", 49830162,Sturisomatichthys tamanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,tamanae,,,,,"(Regan, 1912)", 49830164,Ichthyoelephas longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Ichthyoelephas,longirostris,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879)", 49830169,Astroblepus latidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,latidens,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1918", 49830173,Trichomycterus spilosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,spilosoma,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 49830185,Bryconamericus icelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,icelus,,,,,"Dahl & Medem, 1964", 49830196,Trichomycterus banneaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,banneaui,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1922)", 49830198,Genycharax tarpon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Genycharax,tarpon,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830204,Argopleura magdalenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Argopleura,magdalenensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 49830208,Bryconamericus guaytarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,guaytarae,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1914", 49830210,Cynodonichthys leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,leucurus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)", 49830222,Trichomycterus straminius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,straminius,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)", 49830223,Hyphessobrycon oritoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,oritoensis,,,,,"García-Alzate,Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008", 49830241,Astroblepus heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,heterodon,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 49830242,Characidium sanctjohanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,sanctjohanni,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 49830258,Astroblepus homodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,homodon,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49830263,Trichomycterus chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,chapmani,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49830281,Creagrutus caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,caucanus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830288,Astroblepus retropinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,retropinnus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 49830307,Chaetostoma leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,leucomelas,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1918", 49830308,Leporinus niceforoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,niceforoi,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 49830320,Hypostomus wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,wilsoni,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)", 49830323,Ancistrus caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,caucanus,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 49830326,Astyanax atratoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,atratoensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1907", 49830328,Apteronotus jurubidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,jurubidae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)", 49830329,Bryconamericus guizae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,guizae,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2003", 49830332,Dasyloricaria seminuda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dasyloricaria,seminuda,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Vance, 1912)", 49830333,Sturisomatichthys leightoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,leightoni,,,,,"(Regan, 1912)", 49830342,Astroblepus jurubidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,jurubidae,,,,,"Fowler, 1944", 49830347,Trichomycterus latidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,latidens,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1917)", 49830366,Astroblepus santanderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,santanderensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1918", 49830371,Chaetostoma lepturum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,lepturum,,,,,"Regan, 1912", 49830391,Duringlanis altae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Duringlanis,altae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)", 49830396,Spatuloricaria gymnogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,gymnogaster,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Vance, 1912)", 49830399,Trichomycterus nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,nigromaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 49830403,Astroblepus rengifoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,rengifoi,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 49830410,Lebiasina chucuriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,chucuriensis,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2001", 49830423,Microgenys minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Microgenys,minuta,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830427,Astroblepus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49830432,Cynodonichthys pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,pacificus,,,,,"(Huber, 1992)", 49830438,Astyanax megaspilura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,megaspilura,,,,,"Fowler, 1944", 49830445,Parastremma sadina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Parastremma,sadina,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830467,Astyanax filiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,filiferus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 49830471,Lebiasina narinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,narinensis,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2002", 49830479,Lebiasina floridablancaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,floridablancaensis,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 1994", 49830493,Gephyrocharax caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,caucanus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830523,Astroblepus caquetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,caquetae,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 49830524,Trachelyopterus fisheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,fisheri,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1916)", 49830532,Lebiasina multimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,multimaculata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 49830557,Characidium caucanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,caucanum,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830563,Nematobrycon lacortei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Nematobrycon,lacortei,,,,,"Weitzman & Fink, 1971", 49830572,Trichomycterus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,stellatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1918)", 49830580,Gephyrocharax melanocheir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,melanocheir,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830586,Chaetostoma niveum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,niveum,,,,,"Fowler, 1944", 49830588,Trichomycterus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,unicolor,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 49830589,Nematobrycon palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Nematobrycon,palmeri,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911", 49830590,Pimelodella macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,macrocephala,,,,,"(Miles, 1943)", 49830604,Trichomycterus caliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,caliensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 49830619,Pterygoplichthys undecimalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pterygoplichthys,undecimalis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 49830621,Grundulus bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Grundulus,bogotensis,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1821)", 49830625,Trichomycterus romeroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,romeroi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)", 49830636,Chaetostoma thomsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,thomsoni,,,,,"Regan, 1904", 49830646,Creagrutus atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,atratus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 49830665,Cordylancistrus platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Cordylancistrus,platyrhynchus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 49830681,Leptoancistrus cordobensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Leptoancistrus,cordobensis,,,,,"Dahl, 1964", 49830687,Astyanax daguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,daguae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830697,Bryconamericus andresoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,andresoi,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2003", 49830704,Creagrutus brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,brevipinnis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 49830732,Xyliphius magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Xyliphius,magdalenae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830752,Astroblepus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 49830754,Triportheus magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Triportheus,magdalenae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 53875608,Cynodonichthys boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,boehlkei,,,,,"(Huber & Fels, 1985)", 53877468,Anablepsoides taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,taeniatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)", 58439165,Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pseudoplatystoma,magdaleniatum,,,,,"Buitrago-Suárez & Burr, 2007","The eight species within the genus Pseudoplatystoma form a monophyletic group with two clades: one clade (P. metaense and P. tigrinum) is restricted to the Orinoco and Amazon basins; and the other clade (P. corruscans, P. fasciatum, P. magdaleniatum, P. orinocoense, P. punctifer, and P. reticulatum) is found in the Guyanas, Orinoco, Amazon and Paraná basins (Buitrago-Suárez and Burr 2007)." 61660121,Parodon alfonsoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,alfonsoi,,,,,"Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2011", 61660268,Parodon atratoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,atratoensis,,,,,"Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2011", 61660278,Parodon magdalenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,magdalenensis,,,,,"Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2011", 61660294,Abramites eques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Abramites,eques,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 61660436,Lebiasina colombia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,colombia,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2008", 61660463,Lebiasina ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,ortegai,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2008", 61660505,Gilbertolus alatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CYNODONTIDAE,Gilbertolus,alatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 61660542,Cynopotamus atratoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cynopotamus,atratoensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1907)", 61660599,Cynopotamus magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cynopotamus,magdalenae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 61662233,Parastremma pulchrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Parastremma,pulchrum,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 61662364,Saccoderma hastata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Saccoderma,hastata,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 61662443,Saccoderma robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Saccoderma,robusta,,,,,"Dahl, 1955", 61662461,Astyanax yariguies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,yariguies,,,,,"(Torres-Mejia, Hernández & Senechal, 2012)", 61662476,Astyanax fasslii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,fasslii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)", 61662500,Astyanax gisleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,gisleni,,,,,"Dahl, 1943", 61662529,Astyanax integer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,integer,,,,,"Myers, 1930", 61662539,Carlastyanax aurocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Carlastyanax,aurocaudatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 61662554,Hyphessobrycon amaronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,amaronensis,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010", 61662569,Hyphessobrycon columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,columbianus,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2002", 61662610,Hyphessobrycon mavro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,mavro,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Prada-Pedreros, 2010", 61662625,Hyphessobrycon ocasoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,ocasoensis,,,,,"García-Alzate & Román-Valencia, 2008", 49829887,Hyphessobrycon poecilioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,poecilioides,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 61662684,Hyphessobrycon proteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,proteus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 61662705,Hyphessobrycon sebastiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,sebastiani,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010", 61662727,Hyphessobrycon sweglesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,sweglesi,,,,,"(Géry, 1961)", 61662762,Hyphessobrycon taguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,taguae,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010", 61934220,Gigantactis watermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,watermani,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 61934241,Dolopichthys danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dolopichthys,danae,,,,,"Regan, 1926", 61934264,Scopeloberyx robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,robustus,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 61934392,Monolene helenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,helenensis,,,,,"Amaoka & Imamura, 2000", 61934408,Symphurus lubbocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,lubbocki,,,,,"Munroe, 1990", 61934439,Symphurus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,reticulatus,,,,,"Munroe, 1990", 61934580,Bothus mellissi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,mellissi,,,,,"Norman, 1931", 61935092,Praealticus semicrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Praealticus,semicrenatus,,,,,"(Chapman, 1951)", 61935587,Alticus anjouanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Alticus,anjouanae,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1955)", 61936075,Canthigaster petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,petersii,,,,,"(Bianconi, 1854)", 41665,Otaria byronia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Otaria,byronia,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1820)","The South American Sea Lion has been referred to by the scientific names Otaria byronia (following Blainville 1820) and O. flavescens (following Shaw 1800). Rice (1998) concluded that O. flavescens has priority. More recently, Berta and Churchill (2012) noted that the specific name for this taxa is controversial, but concluded that O. byronia is “the earliest available name applicable with certainty.” O. byronia is the name approved by the Society for Marine Mammalogy (Committee on Taxonomy 2014) and will be used in the document. However, O. flavescens is still in use, particularly by South American scientists.

Szapkievich et al. (1999) conducted the first genetic study on the species, analyzing 10 protein loci in 70 South American Sea Lion pups from two rookeries 1,300 km apart (Isla de Lobos, Uruguay and Peninsula Valdés, Argentina). They found only a small genetic distance between the rookeries, suggesting that they belong to the same population in which gene flow is currently occurring. Túnez et al. (2007) studied the population structure of South American Sea Lions by analyzing mtDNA from a few colonies along the Atlantic coast, and comparing their results with five sequences previously published from Peruvian populations (Wynen et al. 2001). They found no haplotypes shared between the Atlantic and Peruvian colonies. The South Atlantic population from Uruguay to southern Patagonia was studied by means of mtDNA (Túnez et al. 2007, 2010; Feijoó et al. 2011) and microsatellites (Feijoó et al. 2011). While mitochondrial markers showed geographically structured sub-populations, the nuclear loci showed a lack of geographical structure. These opposite patterns in genetic structure can be explained by female phylopatry and high male dispersion (Feijoo et al. 2011). On the Chilean coast, Weinberger (2013) using eight microsatellite loci showed the existence of two genetic clusters separated at approximately 41° S, supporting the existence of two sub-populations or management units.

Gehara (2009) and Túnez et al. (2007) concluded there is significant genetic differentiation between South American Sea Lions in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, suggesting complete and prolonged isolation and distinct evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). This was based on 10 microsatellite loci and mtDNA sequences from 4 areas (Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, and Peru). However, the rookeries of southern South America need to be sampled and analyzed in order to establish the limit of gene flow between the two ocean basins (Oliveira pers. comm.)." 2059,Arctocephalus philippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,philippii,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)","In 2011 the genus of all Fur Seals other than Arctocephalus pusillus was changed from Arctocephalus to Arctophoca, Peters 1866 (Committee on Taxonomy 2011) based on evidence presented in Berta and Churchill (2012). However, in 2013, based on genetic evidence presented in Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), this change was considered to be premature and these species were returned to the genus Arctocephalus pending further research (Committee on Taxonomy 2013).

In earlier taxonomic reviews (Repenning et al. 1971) this taxon was referred to as Arctocephalus philippii, subspecies philippii, and was considered conspecific with A. townsendi, which was referred to as A. p. townsendi. Brunner (2003) argued that this species should belong to the genus Arctophoca, and considered philippii and townsendi to be subspecies. However, Higdon et al. (2007) used genetic evidence to argue that these are separate species, regardless of the generic name, as they split about 0.3 mya" 4256,Cervus albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Cervus,albirostris,,,,,"Przewalski, 1883","This species was formerly classified in a distinct genus as Przewalskium albirostris, however, morphological, behavioural and genetic analyses align this species with the Red Deer clade (Wilson and Mittermeier 2011). No subspecies are recognized." 13895,Moschus chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MOSCHIDAE,Moschus,chrysogaster,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1839)","This is a well defined species (Grubb 1982, 2005; Groves et al. 1995). The form sifanicus was included in M. moschiferus as a subspecies by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and considered an independent species by Gao (1963). However, Groves et al. (1995) included it in M. chrysogaster as subspecies. The chrysogaster of Cai and Feng (1981) is subspecifically or specifically distinct, and the available name for this taxon may be leucogaster Hodgson, 1839 (Groves et al. 1995, Grubb 2005). Some Chinese authors continue to recognize M. sifanicus as a full species (e.g., Yang et al. 2003, Zhou et al. 2004).

Currently, two subspecies are recognized in China:

1) M. c. chrysogaster (Hodgson, 1839) in southeastern and southern Tibet;
2) M. c. sifanicus (Büchner, 1891) in Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.

There does not appear to be documentation of a clear delineation between these two forms." 13896,Moschus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MOSCHIDAE,Moschus,fuscus,,,,,"Li, 1981","Moschus saturatus Hodgson, 1839 may be a prior name for this species. Gao (1985) treated fuscus as a subspecies of M. chrysogaster, i.e. M. chrysogaster fuscus. But Groves et al. (1995) considered it as valid species; Su et al. (2001) demonstrated its phylogenetic status as a valid species by analysis of Cytochrome b." 13897,Moschus moschiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MOSCHIDAE,Moschus,moschiferus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This species was revised by Sokolov and Prikhod'ko (1997, 1997-1998). Five subspecies are currently recognized: M. m. moschiferus (Siberia and Mongolia); M. m. turovi (Russian Far East); M. m. arcticus (Verkhoyansk Ridge); M. m. sachalinensis (Sakhalin); and M. m. parvipes (Korea). M. chrysogaster (Central China) and M. leucogaster (Himalayas) are now treated as separate species (Sokolov and Prikhod'ko 1997, 1997-1998)." 13901,Moschus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MOSCHIDAE,Moschus,leucogaster,,,,,"Hodgson, 1839","This taxon is sometimes treated as a Himalayan subspecies of Alpine Musk Deer M. chrysogaster (e.g. Grubb 1990), but it was separated by Groves and Grubb (1987) and by Groves et al. (1995) on the basis of different skull proportions." 22065,Tragulus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Tragulus,nigricans,,,,,"Thomas, 1892","This taxon was recently separated by Meijaard and Groves (2004) as a species distinct from Tragulus napu, in agreement with Sanborn (1952) and Rabor (1977). The population of Pulau Bangi (Malaysia), which lies mid-way between Balabac and the Bornean mainland, and which was almost certainly (and perhaps repeatedly) connected to both by former (late Pleistocene) land bridges (Heaney 1986), might belong to this species and requires further taxonomic studies." 41780,Tragulus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Tragulus,javanicus,,,,,"(Osbeck, 1765)","Grubb (2005) stated that “Meijaard and Groves (2004) were not convinced that the original description of Cervus javanicus Osbeck, 1765 is a mouse-deer and preferred to date the name from Tragulus javanicus (Gmelin, 1788) [=Moschus javanicus Gmelin, 1788]”. However, Meijaard and Groves (2004) actually dated Cervus javanicus Osbeck to 1757, not to 1765. The situation is complicated and Meijaard and Groves (2004) indicated that they would be making a submission to the International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature. Pending the result of this, the name for this species follows usage by Grubb (2005).

Whoever the name is credited to, the lack of any biological type material has led to its application within the genus Tragulus having a contorted history, elaborated in Meijaard and Groves (2004). In sum, usage in past publications of T. javanicus can rarely if ever be taken at face value to represent the species as circumscribed here, unless explicit mention is made that the statements refer to the animals of Java. Up to and including Chasen (1940), the name T. javanicus was used for the larger chevrotains, with Moschus kanchil Raffles, 1821 for the smaller ones (dated as 1822 by Meijaard and Groves 2004). Van Bemmel (1949), building on Chasen’s (1940: 194) comment that “I rather doubt if javanicus [i.e. the larger chevrotains] occurs there [ = anywhere on Java]”, proposed that T. javanicus should be used for the smaller chevrotains, with Moschus napu F. Cuvier, 1822 being the first available name for a larger chevrotain. This system almost universally was followed up to Meijaard and Groves (2004) who proposed that the smaller chevrotains contained several species, and that the form on Java was specifically distinct and endemic to the island. This form being T. javanicus, nearly all the off-Java forms fell under T. kanchil, as they previously had done under Chasen (1940). Tragulus kanchil williamsoni Kloss, 1916, placed within T. javanicus from Van Bemmel (1949) onwards, was segregated as a monotypic species by Meijaard and Groves (2004).

Further change within the taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus is likely, given the ominous statement in Meijaard and Groves (2004) that ""because many type specimens, especially of small island taxa are located in the Smithsonian Museum, which we did not visit, we were unable to assess the validity of all taxa. We intend to address the variation between these island taxa...in future publications"". Whatever the findings of these examinations, they are unlikely to affect usage of the name T. javanicus for a chevrotain on Java. A separate issue is whether there is truly only one species on the island. Meijaard and Groves (2004) reviewed past claims of two subspecies of smaller chevrotain and concluded that ""our craniometrical data indicate that there may indeed be two distinct mouse-deer taxa on Java. The data are, however, inconclusive...further research...is required"". These two taxa would both belong in the smaller chevrotains (the T. javanicus group). A yet further unresolved issue concerning the genus on Java is that three chevrotain specimens objectively and clearly identifiable as large chevrotains (T. napu group) were reported by the collector, E. Dubois, to be from Java; two have the precise and traceable locality of Mount Willis (Meijaard and Groves 2004). The latter suggested that ""it may be that Dubois collected these specimens during his earlier fieldwork in Sumatra, after which they were mislabelled"", a speculation for which there seems to be no foundation other than the lack of other specimens of T. napu from Java.

In this preliminary assessment, the provisional course of assuming that all records of chevrotains from Java relate to T. javanicus is taken with reservations. Field identification of Tragulus is difficult, even under the pre-2004 conventional arrangement of two species widely sympatric. If there is only one species on Java, all records of the genus can safely be assumed to relate to that species; but if there are two or even three, assignment to T. javanicus without critical evaluation is not possible." 41781,Tragulus napu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Tragulus,napu,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1822)","The lack of any biological type material for the oldest name (albeit of uncertain authorship: Meijaard and Groves 2004) referring to a chevrotain, javanicus, has led to its application within the genus Tragulus having a contorted history, elaborated in Meijaard and Groves (2004). In sum, into the 1940s, including within Chasen’s (1940) influential review, the name T. javanicus was used for the larger chevrotains here called T. napu. Van Bemmel (1949), building on Chasen’s (1940: 194) comment that “I rather doubt if javanicus [i.e. the larger chevrotains] occurs there [ = anywhere on Java]”, proposed that T. javanicus should be used for the smaller chevrotains, with Moschus napu F. Cuvier, 1822 then being the first available name for a larger chevrotain. This has subsequently been universally followed. Meijaard and Groves (2004) proposed that the forms nigricans Thomas, 1892 and versicolor Thomas, 1910, regarded as subspecies of Greater Oriental Chevrotain (under whatever scientific name) by most authors for most of the twentieth century, be considered as distinct species; they are so treated here." 136297,Tragulus kanchil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Tragulus,kanchil,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)","The lack of any biological type material for the oldest name (albeit of uncertain authorship: Meijaard and Groves 2004) referring to a chevrotain, javanicus, has led to its application within the genus Tragulus having a contorted history, elaborated in Meijaard and Groves (2004). In sum, into the 1940s, including within Chasen’s (1940) influential review, the name T. javanicus was used for the larger chevrotains here called T. napu, and T. kanchil was used for the smaller species (as here). Van Bemmel (1949), building on Chasen’s (1940: 194) comment that “I rather doubt if javanicus [i.e. the larger chevrotain] occurs there [ = anywhere on Java]”, proposed that T. javanicus must therefore refer to smaller chevrotains, and, as an older name, should displace the use of T. kanchil for these animals. This system almost universally was followed up to Meijaard and Groves (2004) who proposed that the smaller chevrotains contained several species, and that the form on Java was specifically distinct and endemic to the island. This form being T. javanicus, nearly all the off-Java forms fell once again under T. kanchil, although Tragulus k. williamsoni Kloss, 1916, placed within T. javanicus from Van Bemmel (1949) onwards, was, however not returned, but was segregated as a monotypic species by Meijaard and Groves (2004). Further change within the taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus is likely, given the ominous statement in Meijaard and Groves (2004) that ""because many type specimens, especially of small island taxa are located in the Smithsonian Museum, which we did not visit, we were unable to assess the validity of all taxa. We intend to address the variation between these island taxa...in future publications"". It has been suggested that T. (k.) klossi may be a distinct species (Meijaard et al. 2005)." 136360,Tragulus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Tragulus,versicolor,,,,,"Thomas, 1910","Thomas (1910) described this taxon as a new species noting differences from both T. napu and T. kanchil, but almost all subsequent authors subsumed the taxon within T. napu, from which it is apparently widely disjunct (contra the map in Corbet and Hill 1992). Meijaard and Groves (2004), however, measured three of Thomas’s specimens and showed the taxon to fall well outside T. napu in morphological characters, and to form a grouping (based on skull measurements) well differentiated from all other Tragulus species." 136533,Tragulus williamsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Tragulus,williamsoni,,,,,"Kloss, 1916","Meijaard and Groves (2004) wrote that ""Although [T. williamsoni] is based on one specimen only, we provisionally assign it to species level because of its very large size""; previously it was almost universally placed as a subspecies of T. kanchil, usually under the name T. javanicus (e.g. Lekagul and McNeely 1977). Because it is known only from one specimen, it is difficult to determine the taxonomic significance of its large size (compared with T. kanchil and T. javanicus). This is compounded by the lack of available specimens of chevrotains from close to the type locality of T. williamsoni (in the northern highlands of Thailand) to test for conspecificity with T. kanchil and, if the taxon is validated, to determine the nature of the boundary with T. kanchil (sympatry or parapatry). More material is needed both of T. williamsoni and of T. kanchil, if it occurs, from the northern highlands of Southeast Asia and adjacent southern China, for a more informed judgment. Although Meijaard and Groves (2004) considered T. williamsoni to be “very large”, this is under conditions of museum measurement (“larger than the means of all other mouse-deer from the Asian mainland...for most of the individual measurements it was also larger than the maximum values for the ....mainland Asia T. kanchil subspecies”. No difference is likely to be apparent if measurements are not taken, so records hitherto assigned to T. kanchil (mostly under the name T. javanicus) from areas of northern Southeast Asia and China which have not been validated by specimens must now be regarded as indeterminate. Even measurements need careful interpretation: Kuznetzov and Borissenko (2004) measured skulls from southern Viet Nam (far from the holotype of T. williamsoni) of what they assigned to T. kanchil and found sizes exceeding those documented for Indochinese T. kanchil by Meijaard and Groves (2004) and even approaching those of T. williamsoni. They underlined how differences between individual people in style of skull measurement can be as significant as actual differences size in terms of apparent size results when measuring skulls of similar species. If T. williamsoni is a valid taxon, confirming additional specimens as such will clearly require great care." 136585,Moschiola indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Moschiola,indica,,,,,"(Gray, 1852)","Moschiola indica was recently segregated by Groves and Meijaard (2005) as a species separate from M. meminna, which they reserved for animals from parts of Sri Lanka. This segregation is founded upon a Phylogenetic Species Concept. Many sources up to 2005 referred to Indian animals as part of M. meminna (seen as the only species in the genus). Prior to Groves and Grubb (1987), the taxa within Moschiola were commonly referred to as Tragulus meminna. It is therefore under these two names (Moschiola meminna and Tragulus meminna) that most information on the species can be found." 136643,Moschus anhuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MOSCHIDAE,Moschus,anhuiensis,,,,,"Wang, Hu & Yan, 1982","This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of Moschus berezovskii and Moschus moschiferus, but is now regarded as a valid species (see Li et al. 1999, Su et al. 2001ab)" 136750,Moschus cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MOSCHIDAE,Moschus,cupreus,,,,,"Grubb, 1982","This species was originally described as a subspecies of Alpine Musk Deer M. chrysogaster. It is very similar to Himalayan Musk Deer M. leucogaster, but Groves et al. (1995) suggested that it might be a separate species, a course followed by Grubb (2005) and it is so treated here." 136799,Moschiola kathygre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Moschiola,kathygre,,,,,"Groves & Meijaard, 2005","Moschiola meminna was recently revised by Groves and Meijaard (2005) who restricted animals of this name to the dry zone of Sri Lanka, concluding that the populations in the wet zone comprise a different species, for which they proposed the name M. kathygre. Previous to this, all populations within Moschiola were considered conspecific, under the name M. meminna (as the oldest in the genus) and, prior to Groves and Grubb (1987), often as Tragulus meminna. The reality of the Groves and Meijaard (2005) taxonomic hypothesis, of two distinct species of Chevrotain on Sri Lanka, one each in the dry and wet zones (and perhaps a third in the hill zone), and another in India, would benefit from independent confirmation: only three wet-zone skulls were available for the key analysis, making the significance of their absolute separation from the dry-zone series difficult to assess. However, as skull differences co-vary with pelage and body proportions, their taxonomic proposals are followed here, in the hope that so doing will encourage the generation of further information to consolidate or modify the arrangement. The hill zone animals are not considered under this species." 47407760,Canthigaster criobe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Canthigaster,criobe,,,,,"Williams, Delrieu-Trottin & Planes, 2012", 62129647,Ambystoma subsalsum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,subsalsum,,,,,"Taylor, 1943",

This taxon was resurrected from synonymy with Ambystoma veslasci by Webb (2004) on the basis of morphology. Additional taxonomic work is required to determine the validity of this species. 

62147256,Isophya beybienkoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,beybienkoi,,,,,"Maran, 1958", 62147331,Isophya dochia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,dochia,,,,,"Iorgu, 2012", 62147340,Isophya nagyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,nagyi,,,,,"Szövényi, Puskás & Orci, 2012", 62148098,Pyrgacris descampsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PYRGACRIDIDAE,Pyrgacris,descampsi,,,,,"Kevan, 1976", 62148124,Gastrimargus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Gastrimargus,immaculatus,,,,,"(Chopard, 1957)", 62148796,Muschampia leuzeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Muschampia,leuzeae,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1881)", 62148603,Muschampia mohammed,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Muschampia,mohammed,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1887)", 62148572,Pyrgus aladaghensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,aladaghensis,,,,,"de Prins & van der Poorten, 1995", 62148555,Pyrgus bolkariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrgus,bolkariensis,,,,,"de Prins & van der Poorten, 1995", 62148802,Thymelicus hamza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Thymelicus,hamza,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1876)", 62148713,Apharitis allardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Apharitis,allardi,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1909)", 62148823,Apharitis siphax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Apharitis,siphax,,,,,"(Lucas, 1849)", 62148612,Apharitis zohra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Apharitis,zohra,,,,,"(Donzel, 1847)", 62148744,Aricia bassoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aricia,bassoni,,,,,"Larsen, 1974", 62148564,Plebejus martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Plebejus,martini,,,,,"(Allard, 1868)", 62148736,Plebejus vogelii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Plebejus,vogelii,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1920)", 62148595,Polyommatus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,atlanticus,,,,,"(Elwes, 1905)", 62148683,Polyommatus cilicius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,cilicius,,,,,"(Carbonell, 1998)", 62148544,Polyommatus ellisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,ellisoni,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1931)", 62148789,Polyommatus isauricoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,isauricoides,,,,,"Graves, 1923", 62148738,Polyommatus larseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,larseni,,,,,"(Carbonell, 1994)", 62148681,Polyommatus punctiferus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,punctiferus,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1876)", 62148579,Polyommatus sertavulensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,sertavulensis,,,,,"(Koçak, 1979)", 62148668,Polyommatus syriacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,syriacus,,,,,"(Tutt, 1910)", 62148778,Pseudophilotes fatma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudophilotes,fatma,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1890)", 62148766,Pseudophilotes jordanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudophilotes,jordanicus,,,,,"Benyamini, 2000", 62148561,Tomares mauretanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tomares,mauretanicus,,,,,"(Lucas, 1849)", 62148727,Arethusana aksouali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Arethusana,aksouali,,,,,"Wyatt, 1952", 62148732,Argynnis auresiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Argynnis,auresiana,,,,,"Frühstorfer, 1908", 62148763,Berberia lambessanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Berberia,lambessanus,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1901)", 62148600,Coenonympha arcanioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,arcanioides,,,,,"(Pierret, 1837)", 62148685,Coenonympha fettigii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,fettigii,,,,,"Oberthür, 1874", 62148787,Coenonympha vaucheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,vaucheri,,,,,"Blachier, 1905", 62148557,Hipparchia algirica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,algirica,,,,,"Oberthür, 1876", 62148753,Hipparchia blachieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,blachieri,,,,,"(Frühstorfer, 1908)", 62148678,Hipparchia caroli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,caroli,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1933)", 62148721,Hipparchia ellena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,ellena,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1894)", 62148534,Hyponephele maroccana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hyponephele,maroccana,,,,,"(Blachier, 1908)", 62148689,Lasiommata meadewaldoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Lasiommata,meadewaldoi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1917)", 62148704,Melanargia lucasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melanargia,lucasi,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)", 62148584,Melanargia titea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melanargia,titea,,,,,"Klug, 1832", 62148780,Melitaea punica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melitaea,punica,,,,,"Oberthür, 1876", 62148609,Pseudochazara atlantis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,atlantis,,,,,"(Austaut, 1905)", 62148625,Pseudochazara lydia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,lydia,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1878)", 62148586,Pseudochazara williamsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,williamsi,,,,,"Romei, 1927", 62148620,Pyronia janiroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pyronia,janiroides,,,,,"(Herrich-Schäffer, 1851)", 62148675,Anthocharis belia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Anthocharis,belia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 62148734,Euchloe pechi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Euchloe,pechi,,,,,"Staudinger, 1885", 62148791,Pieris segonzaci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pieris,segonzaci,,,,,"Le Cerf, 1923", 60470414,Eustomias monoclonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,monoclonoides,,,,,"Clarke, 1999", 60470418,Eustomias satterleei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,satterleei,,,,,"Beebe, 1933", 60470422,Eustomias simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,simplex,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 60470425,Eustomias spherulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,spherulifer,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 60470440,Eustomias tenisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,tenisoni,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 41587,Vulpes macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,macrotis,,,,,"Merriam, 1888","Reviewed by McGrew (1979). Dragoo et al. (1990) considered Vulpes velox and Vulpes macrotis as conspecific; Mercure et al. (1993) retained both as separate species. Mercure et al. (1993) argued that the genetic differences between macrotis and velox were similar to that of Vulpes and Alopex, and therefore argued that they should be recognized at the species level (followed here) (and see Wozencraft 2005). 

Subspecific designations for Kit Foxes are not fully resolved. As many as eight subspecies have been recognized (McGrew 1979), although analyses by Dragoo et al. (1990) did not find support for any subspecific differentiation. However, although more subspecific clarification clearly is needed, most available data suggest that Kit Foxes in the San Joaquin Valley of California likely warrant subspecific designation, V. m. mutica, due to geographic isolation, and that all other Kit Foxes might be included within a second subspecies, V. m. macrotis (Waithman and Roest 1977, Mercure et al. 1993)." 190256,Eustomias tetranema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,tetranema,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1913", 62452542,Acanthoproctus diadematus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acanthoproctus,diadematus,,,,,"(Stål, 1858)", 62452555,Aprosphylus hybridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aprosphylus,hybridus,,,,,"Pictet, 1888", 62452570,Clonia caudata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Clonia,caudata,,,,,"Uvarov, 1942", 62452586,Conocephalus vaginalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,vaginalis,,,,,"(Karny, 1907)", 62452599,Conocephalus zlobini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,zlobini,,,,,"Gorochov, 2009", 62452608,Conchotopoda leptocerca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conchotopoda,leptocerca,,,,,"(Stål, 1876)", 62452621,Ducetia sagitta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ducetia,sagitta,,,,,"Ragge, 1961", 62452653,Griffiniana pedestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Griffiniana,pedestris,,,,,"Karny, 1910", 62452667,Horatosphaga stylifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Horatosphaga,stylifera,,,,,"(Karny, 1910)", 62452856,Pseudosaga angolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pseudosaga,angolensis,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1994", 62452865,Pseudosaga maraisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pseudosaga,maraisi,,,,,"Naskrecki, 2003", 62452874,Ruspolia ampla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ruspolia,ampla,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 18139615,Conocara murrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Conocara,murrayi,,,,,"(Koefoed, 1927)", The genus Conocara is in need of a taxonomic revision (Poulsen et al. 2009). 174147,Phalotris tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,tricolor,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","After a comparison of the type material of Phalotris tricolor and Elapomorphus (=Phalotris). punctatus, Lema et al. (2005) concluded that both names referred to a single species, for which the name P. tricolor has priority. The same paper described a new species, P. mattogrossensis, from Brazil, assigning all Brazilian records of P. tricolor to this taxon (with a single exception based on a specimen they did not examine, and which is considered doubtful - N. Scott pers. comm. 2016). Records from eastern Paraguay, accepted as P. tricolor by Lema et al. (2005), are now understood also to represent P. mattogrossensis (Cacciali and Motte 2007)." 172795,Brookesia peyrierasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,peyrierasi,,,,,"Brygoo & Domergue, 1975","

This species was synonymized with Brookesia minima by Raxworthy and Nussbaum (1995) but later resurrected (Schimmenti and Jesu 1996, Glaw et al. 1999). The taxonomy of the B. minima group is in need of revision and the distribution of all species needs to be re-evaluated following thorough morphometric and molecular studies.

" 58410,Occidozyga laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,laevis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",New evidence from the field suggests that this taxon might be comprised of several valid species. 61984292,Gnatholepis thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gnatholepis,thompsoni,,,,,"Jordan, 1904","There remains some uncertainty as to the taxonomic status of Gnatholepis thompsoni. It has previously been considered a synonym of Gnatholepis cauerensis.

The taxonomic concept of Gnatholepis cauerensis is undergoing revision. Gnatholepis has often been misidentified and confused for many years. Previously, there were four proposed subspecies (G. c. cauerensis, G. c. australis, G. c. hawaiiensis and G. c. pascuensis), and G. thompsoni was considered a synonym (Randall and Greenfield 2001). Thacker (2004) shows G. thompsoni to be a separate species and also concludes that G. cauerensis should be synonymised with G. anjerensis. Variation in mitochondrial DNA suggested that G. thompsoni is a valid species that is widespread in the Atlantic Ocean and separate from G. cauerensis (Rocha et al. 2005). However, Randall and Greenfield (2007) consider G. thompsoni a synonym of G. cauerensis. Randall (2009) elevated three subspecies to the species level (resulting in four species: G. cauerensis, G. australis, G. hawaiiensis and G. pascuensis). During a recent revision of Gnatholepis, the classification presented by Rocha et al. was discussed and validated with meristic and other morphological characters by Larson and Buckle (2012). Larson and Buckle (2012) concluded that G. cauerensis includes subspecies G. c. cauerensis, G. c. australis and G. c. hawaiiensis and G. inconsequens is considered a synonym. They elevated G. thompsoni and G. pascuensis to valid species. Gnatholepis thompsoni, as valid in Larson and Buckle (2012), is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. Rocha et al. (2005) examined genetic differences between the Atlantic G. thompsoni and the Indo-Pacific G. cauerensis, concluding that G. thompsoni is the result of a relatively recent (~ 145,000 years ago) invasion of the Atlantic by G. cauerensis. However, Smith-Vaniz and Collette (2013) recorded G. cauerensis, not G. thompsoni, in Bermuda, as ""the meristic and other morphological characters purported to separate these two 'species' have broadly over-lapping values"". Despite the issues with the characters used by Larson and Buckle (2012), G. thompsoni likely forms its own monophyletic group in an isolated ocean basin, and with threats and evolutionary trajectory separate from that of G. cauerensis. Therefore, G. thompsoni is retained as a valid species." 47941555,Allotrypes mandibularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Allotrypes,mandibularis,,,,,"(Reitter, 1896)", 315,Acroloxus coloradensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,ACROLOXIDAE,Acroloxus,coloradensis,,,,,"J. Henderson, 1930", 188756,Cincinnatia integra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Cincinnatia,integra,,,,,"(Say, 1829)", 189662,Galba alberta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,alberta,,,,,"(Baker, 1919)","In Europe Falkner et al. (2001) use Galba whereas in North American Fossaria was used for this genus (Turgeon et al. 1998). The latest publication on the conservation status of the North America Gastropods (Johnson et al. 2013) used Galba for the genus in North America, thus the IUCN Red List is now following this convention and all species previously recognised as Fossaria are now in genus Galba.

The Galba bulimoides group is in flux (Burch 1989, Hubendick 1951) with species variably recognised as forms, varieties subspecies or full species." 6018,Cyclonaias tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cyclonaias,tuberculata,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 11253,Lampsilis cardium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,cardium,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 62269,Lasmigona complanata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lasmigona,complanata,,,,,"(Barnes, 1823)", 173047,Leptodea fragilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Leptodea,fragilis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 173049,Obliquaria reflexa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obliquaria,reflexa,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 15024,Obovaria subrotunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Obovaria,subrotunda,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 18093,Potamilus alatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Potamilus,alatus,,,,,"Say, 1817", 18824,Ptychobranchus fasciolaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ptychobranchus,fasciolaris,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 19048,Quadrula quadrula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Quadrula,quadrula,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 20247,Simpsonaias ambigua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Simpsonaias,ambigua,,,,,"Say, 1825", 63021653,Gehyra serraticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,serraticauda,,,,,"Skipwith & Oliver, 2014","This species appears to be referrable to Gehyra based on available keys to the genus, however, New Guinean Gehyra have been neglected by taxonomists and some types have been lost (Skipwith and Oliver 2014). This, together with this species' unique fringe of flattened scales along the tail, suggests that its phylogenetic assignment may need to be reassessed when more more data becomes available (Skipwith and Oliver 2014)." 63062140,Dendropsophus norandinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,norandinus,,,,,"Rivera-Correa & Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, 2012", 54990,Centrolene savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,savagei,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991)", 63062363,Dendropsophus luddeckei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,luddeckei,,,,,"Guarnizo, Escallón, Cannatella & Amézquita, 2012","This species was previously known as Dendropsophus labialis (now molitor), but genetic and acoustic data have confirmed the Northern Clade to be this separate species (Guarnizo et al. 2012)." 63062383,Bolitoglossa tamaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,tamaense,,,,,"Acevedo, Wake, Márquez, Silva, Franco & Amézquita, 2013", 57551,Leptobrachium chapaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,chapaense,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)",A taxonomic review of this species is needed (A. Ohler pers. comm.). 153679,Geocharax falcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Geocharax,falcata,,,,,"Clark, 1936", 63482555,Amphisbaena albocingulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,albocingulata,,,,,"Boettger, 1885", 63488441,Amphisbaena darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,darwini,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839","Due to the presence of specimens with intermediate characters, in large parts of intergradation, it is possible that specimens attributed to Amphisbaena darwini, A. trachura and A. heterozonata may belong to a single species for which A. darwini is the oldest available name (Gans 1966). If so, this would extend A. darwini's range to northern Argentina, southern Bolivia, and central Paraguay ( Montero 1996, Montero and Terol 1999)" 63488494,Amphisbaena leeseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,leeseri,,,,,"Gans, 1964", 63488534,Amphisbaena munoai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,munoai,,,,,"Klappenbach, 1960", 63488563,Anolis meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,meridionalis,,,,,"Boettger, 1885", 63488607,Lygodactylus wetzeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,wetzeli,,,,,"(Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977)", 63488678,Micrablepharus maximiliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Micrablepharus,maximiliani,,,,,"(Reinhardti & Lütken, 1862)", 63488699,Contomastix charrua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Contomastix,charrua,,,,,"Cabrera & Carreira, 2009","Contomastix charrua was described from a population referred to Cnemidophorus (now Contomastix) lacertoides on the basis of differences in coloration, structure of the hyoid apparatus and geological history of the cape (Cabrera and Carreira 2009). Borteiro et al.(2013) found no morphological differences between the two taxa and referred C. charrua to the synonymy of C. lacertoides. S. Carreira (pers. comm. 2016) indicates that ongoing research has identified additional differences that may warrant recognizing C. charrua as a separate species, and recommends retaining C. charrua as a valid species pending comparison with material from the C. lacertoides type locality, which was not done by Borteiro et al. (2013)." 63488795,Simophis rhinostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Simophis,rhinostoma,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)",Cacciali et al. (2009) synonymized Simophis rohdei within S. rhinostoma. 176838,Erythrolamprus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,viridis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 190555,Lygophis paucidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lygophis,paucidens,,,,,"Hoge, 1953", 178333,Bachia bresslaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,bresslaui,,,,,"(Amaral, 1935)","It was thought that the species was probably also found in parts of Bolivia, but taxonomic studies suggest that Bolivian populations may well represent undescribed species, as allopatric speciation may be prevalent in this group of rare and habitat-restricted lizards (Rodrigues et al. 2007, 2008) ." 48279951,Bachia dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,dorbignyi,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 63488650,Colobosaura modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Colobosaura,modesta,,,,,"(Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)","Amaral (1933) suggested that differences between the male holotype and C. kraepelini and the female holotype of C. modesta were likely to be the result of sexual dimorphism, and concluded that C. kraepelini is therefore a junior synonym of C. modesta, and this conclusion is supported by Rodrigues et al. (2007). Doubt has been cast on this assignment by Vanzolini et al. (1977), who observe that the type material of C. kraepelini consisted of one male and one female and that the description makes explicit reference to an 'Alopoglossus-like' character not shared with Colobosaura. None of these authors are thought to have examined the type material, which has been lost, and Vanzolini et al. (1977) note that ""The animal has to be seen again before anything sensible can be said about it"".

Most recently, Cacciali et al. (2017) reported the collection of new Colobosaura material from the Paraguay River drainage and confirmed that this specimen was not conspecific with C. modesta on the basis of both morphological and genetic data. These authors tentatively applied the the only available name - C. kraeplini - to this material on the basis that there are no known morphological characters that distinguish it from the species described by Werner." 61578,Tarentola mauritanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,mauritanica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",The genetic taxonomy of this species is complex and research since Harris et al. (2004) has suggested that it is paraphyletic with respect to the Canarian Tarentola angustimentalis based on mtDNA. A lack of concordance with nuclear DNA has however limited progress on clarifying the taxonomy of this group (Rato et al. 2016). These authors' analysis using additional markers concluded that this complex contains six genetic lineages that are best considered unconfirmed candidate species pending taxonomic research. 63742698,Hyperolius constellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,constellatus,,,,,"Laurent, 1951","H. castaneus and H. constellatus were recognized as recently diverged and distinct species by Greenbaum et al. (2013). The subspecies H. c. submarginatus from the Kabobo Plateau was transferred to the synonymy of H. constellatus, but the status of the unsampled subspecies H. c. rhodogaster, described from mid-elevations of the western Itombwe Plateau, remains problematic (Greenbaum et al. 2013)." 58750,Pseudorana weiningensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pseudorana,weiningensis,,,,,"(Liu, Hu & Yang, 1962)", 58751,Odorrana wuchuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,wuchuanensis,,,,,"(Xu, 1983)", 58752,Rana zhengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,zhengi,,,,,"Zhao, 1999", 58323,Liurana xizangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Liurana,xizangensis,,,,,"(Hu, 1977)",This species is sometimes placed in the genus Liurana (see Fei et al. 1999). 58745,Odorrana versabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,versabilis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1962)", 58321,Ingerana reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Ingerana,reticulata,,,,,"(Zhao & Li, 1984)",This species is sometimes placed in the genus Liurana (see Fei et al. 1999). 58335,Limnonectes fujianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,fujianensis,,,,,"Ye and Fei, 1994",The taxonomy of this species is not well studied. 58334,Limnonectes fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,fragilis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1973)", 58738,Glandirana tientaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Glandirana,tientaiensis,,,,,"(Chang, 1933)", 58735,Pelophylax tenggerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,tenggerensis,,,,,"(Zhao, Macey & Papenfuss, 1988)","This species was synonymized with Pelophylax nigromaculatus by Fei, Ye and Huang (1990), and this synonymy was accepted by Dubois (1992) and Dubois and Ohler (1996). However, Zhao and Adler (1993) still consider this to be a valid species and hence it is included here pending a definitive decision on its taxonomic status." 58320,Liurana medogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Liurana,medogensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Huang, 1997", 58319,Limnonectes liui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,liui,,,,,"(Yang, 1983)",This species is sometimes placed in the genus Liurana (see Fei et al. 1999). The taxonomy of this species is unclear at present; it might be a synonym of a Southeast Asian species. 58317,Liurana alpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Liurana,alpina,,,,,"Huang & Ye, 1997",This species is placed in the genus Liurana (Fei et al. 1999). 58727,Odorrana swinhoana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,swinhoana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)",We follow Matsui (1994) in considering Rana taiwaniana to be a synonym of this species. 58721,Odorrana sinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,sinica,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)",The taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain. 58724,Sylvirana spinulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,spinulosa,,,,,"(Smith, 1923)", 178958094,Buergeria japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Buergeria,japonica,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)","All records from eastern and southern Taiwan, Province of China apply to a distinct species (Buergeria otai Wang et al. 2018). Populations from Southern Ryukyus and north-western Taiwan have been recently described as Buergeria choui (Matsui and Tominaga 2020)." 58784,Buergeria oxycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Buergeria,oxycephala,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","Jiang, Hu and Zhao (1987) considered this species to belong to the genus Buergeria, rather than Rhacophorus, and this is now widely accepted." 135910,Zhangixalus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,minimus,,,,,"(Rao, Wilkinson & Liu, 2006)",This species was moved from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus by Jiang et al. (2019). 135908,Hynobius maoershanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,maoershanensis,,,,,"Zhou, Jiang & Jiang, 2006", 54449,Bombina orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Bombina,orientalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 186873381,Kurixalus eiffingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,eiffingeri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Kurixalus beryllineniris and K. wangi (Wu et al. 2016)." 58803,Kurixalus idiootocus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,idiootocus,,,,,"(Kuramoto & Wang, 1987)",We follow Wilkinson et al. (2002) in transferring this species from Chirixalus to Kurixalus. 58794,Liuixalus romeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Liuixalus,romeri,,,,,"(Smith, 1953)", 58248,Nanorana unculuanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,unculuanus,,,,,"(Liu, Hu & Yang, 1960)", 58245,Nanorana quadranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,quadranus,,,,,"(Liu, Hu & Yang, 1960)", 58785,Buergeria robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Buergeria,robusta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 58227,Amolops torrentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,torrentis,,,,,"(Smith, 1923)", 58228,Amolops tuberodepressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,tuberodepressus,,,,,"Liu & Yang, 2000", 58230,Amolops wuyiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,wuyiensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1975)", 58210,Amolops hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,hongkongensis,,,,,"(Pope & Romer, 1951)","Amolops daiyunensis was considered a synonym of A. hongkongensis by Yang (1991), but we follow Fei et al. (1999), Jin et al. (2005) and Ngo et al. (2006) in treating it as a separate species." 58209,Amolops hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,hainanensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 58212,Amolops jinjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,jinjiangensis,,,,,"Su, Yang & Li, 1986",Zhao and Adler (1993) considered this species to be synonymous with Amolops liangshanensis but Liu and Yang (1995) provided evidence to show that both species are valid. 58213,Amolops xinduqiao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,xinduqiao,,,,,"Fei, Ye, Wang & Jiang, 2017","Although Liu (1950) synonymized this species with Amolops mantzorum (as Staurois mantzorum), he stated that in the wild it was easy to distinguish the two taxa. Wu et al. (1987) resurrected this species based on cytological evidence. However, two different species of Amolops were confounded, one found above 3,000 m in the Yalong River Basin of Sichuan, and another found at 1,200 to 2,400 m elevation in the Dadu River basin, Sichuan, China.

Fei et al. (2017) reexamined the types of kangtingensis and, more importantly, noted that the original type locality had to be corrected to ""Yalagou of Kangding"" (in the Dadu River Basin). This meant that the name A. kangtinensis applied not to the high-elevation subpopulation which had been previously thought by Wu et al. (1987), who found nominal A. mantzorum to be a complex of species and explicitly retained A. kangtingensis, but from the wrong subpopulation.

Fei et al. (2017) sorted the problem by correcting the type locality of A. kangtingensis, placing A. kangtingensis into the synonymy of A. mantzorum, and naming as A. xinduqiao the population formerly incorrectly assigned the name A. kangtingensis." 152339072,Amolops loloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,loloensis,,,,,"(Liu, 1950)","Amolops liangshanensis was assessed in 2004 as a separate species, but is now considered to be a synonym of A. loloensis  (Lu et al. 2014, Zhang 2015, Lyu et al. 2019)." 58217,Amolops lifanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,lifanensis,,,,,"(Liu, 1945)", 58220,Amolops mantzorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,mantzorum,,,,,"(David, 1872)",This taxon is probably a complex of more than one species (Jin et al. 2005). 57658,Megophrys wushanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,wushanensis,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 1995", 58208,Amolops granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,granulosus,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1961)", 58613,Odorrana hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,hainanensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Li, 2001", 57659,Megophrys zhangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,zhangi,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 1992","We will not be following the taxonomy proposed by Lyu et al. (2021), and will retain this species in Megophrys until there is more stability for the genus." 58615,Odorrana hejiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,hejiangensis,,,,,"(Deng & Yu, 1992)", 58205,Amolops chunganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,chunganensis,,,,,"(Pope, 1929)", 57650,Megophrys palpebralespinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,palpebralespinosa,,,,,"Bourret, 1937","This species has been alternatively attributed to Leptobrachium, or possibly to Ophryophryne (Orlov et al. 2000).

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys.  Dubois et al. (2021) recognized that Panophrys is proccupied and employed Boulenophrys as the generic name rather than Tianophrys under the Principle of First Revisor. This assessment retains it under Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 57654,Megophrys shuichengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,shuichengensis,,,,,"(Tian, Gu & Sun, 2000)", 57653,Megophrys shapingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,shapingensis,,,,,"Liu, 1950", 57656,Megophrys wawuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,wawuensis,,,,,"Fei, Jiang & Zheng, 2001","This species probably belongs to the genus Xenophrys, but taxonomic studies of the genera Megophrys and Xenophrys are needed (Xie Feng pers. comm.)." 58620,Pelophylax hubeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,hubeiensis,,,,,"(Fei & Ye, 1982)","The validity of this species is in doubt and the exact delineation of the range of this taxon and of Pelophylax plancyi is not clear (Mou and Zhao 1992, Zhao and Adler 1993). It may be a synonym of P. plancyi (A. Borzée pers. comm. June 2019)." 57655,Megophrys spinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,spinata,,,,,"Liu & Hu, 1973", 58619,Rana huanrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,huanrensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye and Huang, 1991", 57644,Megophrys mangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,mangshanensis,,,,,"Fei & Ye, 1991","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 58600,Pelophylax fukienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,fukienensis,,,,,"(Pope, 1929)", 57645,Megophrys medogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,medogensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Huang, 1983", 57647,Megophrys nankiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,nankiangensis,,,,,"Liu & Hu, 1966", 58596,Odorrana exiliversabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,exiliversabilis,,,,,"Li, Ye & Fei, 2001", 57648,Megophrys omeimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,omeimontis,,,,,"Liu, 1950", 57634,Megophrys caudoprocta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,caudoprocta,,,,,"Shen, 1994", 58648,Odorrana lungshengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,lungshengensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1962)", 136062,Megophrys binchuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,binchuanensis,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 1995","Although originally described as a subspecies of Xenophrys minor, this taxon was treated as a full species by Delorme et al. (2006)." 58644,Nidirana lini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Nidirana,lini,,,,,"(Chou, 1999)",The population in Thailand and specimens collected from Xieng Khouang Province of Lao People's Democratic Republic had previously been mistaken for Babina chapaensis (Chuaynkern et al. 2010). 58641,Odorrana leporipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,leporipes,,,,,"(Werner, 1930)",This species is only represented by the description and the iconotype. 54872,Parapelophryne scalpta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Parapelophryne,scalpta,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1973)", 59106,Hynobius yiwuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,yiwuensis,,,,,"Cai, 1985","Hynobius yiwuensis is here treated as a valid species, separate from H. chinensis, following Fei et al. (1999) and Fu et al. (2003)." 88383344,Pachyhynobius shangchengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Pachyhynobius,shangchengensis,,,,,"Fei, Qu & Wu, 1983",Hynobius yunanicus has been synonymized with this species by Xiong et al. (2007). 58627,Odorrana jingdongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,jingdongensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Li, 2001","We follow Ohler (2007) in treating Rana hmongorum, described by Bain et al. (2003), as a synonym of this species." 59110,Pseudohynobius puxiongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Pseudohynobius,puxiongensis,,,,,"(Fei & Ye, 2000)", 79127313,Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Pseudohynobius,flavomaculatus,,,,,"(Hu & Fei, 1978)",This is a restricted concept of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus following the split of the broader concept into this and Pseudohynobius jinfo (Wei et al. 2009). 59112,Liua shihi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Liua,shihi,,,,,"(Liu, 1950)","Kuzmin and Thiesmeier (2001) included this species in the genus Ranodon. However, we follow Huang, Fei and Ye (1992) in moving it to the genus Liua." 59113,Liua tsinpaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Liua,tsinpaensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1966)","Kuzmin and Thiesmeier (2001) included this species in the genus Ranodon, rather than Pseudohynobius. Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus was considered to be a synonym of this species by Zhao and Hu (1983) and Zhao and Wu (1995), but is considered a valid species by Ye et al. (1993) and Fei et al. (1999)." 58640,Hylarana latouchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,latouchii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 58635,Rana kukunoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,kukunoris,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1918", 58634,Odorrana kuangwuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,kuangwuensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1966)", 57598,Oreolalax popei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,popei,,,,,"(Liu, 1947)", 57597,Oreolalax pingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,pingii,,,,,"(Liu, 1943)", 57600,Oreolalax rhodostigmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,rhodostigmatus,,,,,"Hu & Fei, 1979", 58676,Odorrana nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,nasuta,,,,,"Li, Ye & Fei, 2001", 57599,Oreolalax puxiongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,puxiongensis,,,,,"Liu & Fei, 1979",Inger et al. (1990) considered Oreolalax puxiongensis to be synonymous with O. schmidti. 57594,Oreolalax multipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,multipunctatus,,,,,"Wu, Zhao, Inger & Shaffer, 1993", 57593,Oreolalax major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,major,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1960)", 57596,Oreolalax omeimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,omeimontis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1960)", 57595,Oreolalax nanjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,nanjiangensis,,,,,"Fei & Ye, 1999", 57590,Oreolalax jingdongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,jingdongensis,,,,,"Hu, Yang & Li, 1983", 57589,Oreolalax granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,granulosus,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Chen, 1991", 57592,Oreolalax lichuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,lichuanensis,,,,,"Hu & Fei, 1979", 57591,Oreolalax liangbeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,liangbeiensis,,,,,"Liu & Fei, 1979",Zhao and Adler (1993) considered this species to be synonymous with Oreolalax major but did not give any reason. 54766,Bufo stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,stejnegeri,,,,,"Schmidt, 1931", 58686,Rana omeimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,omeimontis,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 1993", 57588,Oreolalax chuanbeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,chuanbeiensis,,,,,"Tian, 1983", 57577,Leptobrachella ventripunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,ventripunctata,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Li, 1991", 58665,Papurana milleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,milleti,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)","We follow Ohler (2007) in treating Rana bannanica, described by Rao and Yang (1997) as a synonym of this species." 58666,Glandirana minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Glandirana,minima,,,,,"(Ting & Tsai, 1979)", 54782,Bufo tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,tuberculatus,,,,,"Zarevsky, 1926", 57628,Leptobrachium liui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,liui,,,,,"(Pope, 1947)", 57627,Leptobrachium leishanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,leishanense,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1973)", 58710,Rana sangzhiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,sangzhiensis,,,,,"(Shen, 1986)", 57625,Leptobrachium boringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,boringii,,,,,"(Liu, 1945)", 58716,Rana shuchinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,shuchinae,,,,,"Liu, 1950", 57623,Scutiger tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,tuberculatus,,,,,"Liu & Fei, 1979", 57618,Scutiger ningshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,ningshanensis,,,,,"Fang, 1985", 89020863,Scutiger mammatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,mammatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1896)",Scutiger ruginosus has been synonymized under this species by Ye and Fei (1993). 57616,Scutiger muliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,muliensis,,,,,"Fei & Ye, 1986",Zhao and Adler (1993) regarded this species to be synonymous with Scutiger ruginosus (= S. mammatus) without discussion. 57613,Scutiger liupanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,liupanensis,,,,,"(Huang, 1985)", 57611,Scutiger gongshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,gongshanensis,,,,,"Yang & Su, 1979", 57612,Scutiger jiulongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,jiulongensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Jiang, 1999", 57609,Scutiger chintingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,chintingensis,,,,,"Liu & Hu, 1960", 57610,Scutiger glandulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,glandulatus,,,,,"(Liu, 1950)", 57608,Scutiger brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,brevipes,,,,,"(Liu, 1950)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Scutiger glandulatus by Fu, Lathrop and Murphy (1997), where it had been placed by Liu and Hu (1961)." 58697,Pelophylax plancyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,plancyi,,,,,"(Lataste, 1880)","The subpopulation in Liaoning might belong to a different species, Pelophylax chosenicus." 58698,Nidirana pleuraden,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Nidirana,pleuraden,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 57603,Oreolalax weigoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,weigoldi,,,,,"(Vogt, 1924)", 57604,Oreolalax xiangchengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,xiangchengensis,,,,,"Fei & Huang, 1983", 57601,Oreolalax rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,rugosus,,,,,"(Liu, 1943)", 57602,Oreolalax schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,schmidti,,,,,"(Liu, 1947)", 79101514,Paramesotriton caudopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,caudopunctatus,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1973)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Paramesotriton wulingensis (Wang et al. 2013). 59022,Zhangixalus taipeianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,taipeianus,,,,,"(Liang & Wang, 1978)", 88384283,Paramesotriton labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,labiatus,,,,,"(Unterstein, 1930)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Pachytriton granulosus and Pachytriton inexpectatus (Nishikawa et al. 2011). Paramesotriton ermizhaoi has also been synonymised with this species (Nishikawa et al. 2011)." 59443,Cynops orphicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,orphicus,,,,,"Risch, 1983", 59442,Cynops orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,orientalis,,,,,"(David, 1873)", 59446,Echinotriton andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Echinotriton,andersoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)", 59445,Cynops wolterstorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,wolterstorffi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 59439,Cynops chenggongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,chenggongensis,,,,,"Kou & Xing, 1983","We consider Cynops chenggongensis to be separate from C. cyanurus, following Zhao and Adler (1993) and Fei et al. (1999)." 61894,Hynobius guabangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,guabangshanensis,,,,,"Shen, Deng & Wang, 2004", 88970963,Rana sauteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,sauteri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909",Rana multidenticulata has been synonymized under this species by Hsu et al. (2011). 59028,Rhacophorus verrucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,verrucopus,,,,,"Huang, 1983", 57538,Megophrys chuannanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,chuannanensis,,,,,"(Fei, Ye & Huang, 2001)", 179064695,Tylototriton asperrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,asperrimus,,,,,"Unterstein, 1930","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Tylotriton pasmansi and T. sparreboomi (Bernardes et al. 2020)." 59484,Tylototriton kweichowensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,kweichowensis,,,,,"Fang & Chang, 1932", 59483,Tylototriton hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,hainanensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Yang, 1984", 59486,Tylototriton taliangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,taliangensis,,,,,"Liu, 1950", 59485,Tylototriton shanjing,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,shanjing,,,,,"Nussbaum, Brodie & Yang, 1995","There is a nomenclatural problem with this species, and the name might change (A. Ohler pers. comm.). Tylototriton pulcherrima has been synonymized with this species (Nishikawa et al. 2013)." 145401116,Tylototriton wenxianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,wenxianensis,,,,,"Fei, Ye & Yang, 1984",The Yuexi subpopulation of Tylotriton wenxianensis has been described as T. anhuiensis according to Qian et al. (2017). 58989,Zhangixalus duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,duboisi,,,,,"(Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean, 2000)",This species has been moved from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus (Jiang et al. 2019). 73733175,Tylototriton verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,verrucosus,,,,,"Anderson, 1871","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Tylototriton shanorum (Nishikawa et al. 2014), T. panhai and T. uyenoi (Nishikawa et al. 2013), T. podichthys (Phimmachak et al. 2015), and T. phukhaensis (Pomchote et al. 2020)." 61862,Amolops aniqiaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,aniqiaoensis,,,,,"Dong, Rao & Lü, 2005", 59005,Zhangixalus moltrechti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,moltrechti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)",This species has been moved from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus (Jiang et al. 2019). 61863,Amolops medogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,medogensis,,,,,"Li & Rao, 2005", 57561,Leptobrachella alpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,alpina,,,,,"(Fei, Ye & Li, 1991)", 194962451,Paramesotriton chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,chinensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)","This is a restricted concept of Paramesotriton chinensis following the split of the broader concept into this and P. ermizhaoi (Wu et al. 2009) which has since been synonymised with P. labiatus (Nishikawa et al. 2011). Additionally, records that were previously thought to represent this species have now been allocated to P. longliensis and P. zhijinensis (Raffaëlli 2013)." 59458,Paramesotriton fuzhongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,fuzhongensis,,,,,"Wen, 1989", 59460,Paramesotriton hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,hongkongensis,,,,,"(Myers & Leviton, 1962)",We follow Thorn and Raffaëlli (2001) in recognizing this as a full species distinct from Paramesotriton chinensis. 78518322,Leptobrachella liui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,liui,,,,,"(Fei & Ye, 1990)",This is a restricted concept of Leptobrachella liui following the split of the broader concept into this and Leptobrachella mangshanensis (Hou et al. 2018) and Leptobrachella laui (Sung et al. 2014). 59088,Batrachuperus yenyuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Batrachuperus,yenyuanensis,,,,,"Liu, 1950", 81656230,Nidirana adenopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Nidirana,adenopleura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)","Babina caldwelli was removed from the synonymy of this species by Dubois (1992). However, Zhao and Adler (1993) and Fei (1999), continued to include it as a synonym, but for the purpose of consistency with the Amphibian Species of the World database, we consider B. caldwelli as a valid species." 173043067,Batrachuperus tibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Batrachuperus,tibetanus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1925", 58544,Odorrana anlungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,anlungensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1973)", 59084,Batrachuperus londongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Batrachuperus,londongensis,,,,,"Liu & Tian, 1978",Inger et al. (1990) regarded this taxon as a junior synonym of Batrachuperus pinchonii. It was removed from the synonymy of B. pinchonii by Ye et al. (1993). 58542,Rana amurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,amurensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1886",We follow Song et al. (2006) in removing Rana coreana from the synonymy of R. amurensis. 61841,Megophrys huangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,huangshanensis,,,,,"Fei & Ye, 2005",It is believed by some researchers that this species may be a synonym of M. boettgeri (J. Yang pers. comm. June 2019). Further taxonomic work is required to clarify this. 55642,Hyla sanchiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,sanchiangensis,,,,,"Pope, 1929", 136191,Pseudohynobius shuichengensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Pseudohynobius,shuichengensis,,,,,"Tian, Gu, Sun & Li, 1998","This species was first described by Tian, Gu, Sun and Li (1998), who are the valid authors of this species. It was redescribed by Tian, Li and Gu (2006)." 61839,Leptobrachium huashen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,huashen,,,,,"Fei & Ye, 2005", 119241913,Hynobius leechii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,leechii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","We follow Thorn and Raffaëlli (2001) in considering Hynobius mantchuricus to be a synonym of H. leechii. We follow Kim et al. (2003) in removing subpopulations in extreme southeastern South Korea, formerly considered to belong to this species, as Hynobius yangi. This concept has been restricted further now that H. unisacculus has been split from it by Min et al. (2016)." 59089,Hynobius amjiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,amjiensis,,,,,"Gu, 1992", 59090,Hynobius arisanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,arisanensis,,,,,"Maki, 1922", 59092,Hynobius chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,chinensis,,,,,"Günther, 1889","The population currently allocated to Hynobius chinensis from Fujian Province, China, might represent a new species. We retain the Fujian population in H. chinensis until further taxonomic studies are undertaken. We consider H. yiwuensis (Cai 1985) to be a valid species separate from H. chinensis following Fei et al. (1990) and Fu et al. (2003)." 58569,Rana chaochiaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,chaochiaoensis,,,,,"Liu, 1946", 58573,Rana chevronta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,chevronta,,,,,"Hu & Ye, 1978", 58586,Nidirana daunchina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Nidirana,daunchina,,,,,"(Chang, 1933)", 58591,Glandirana emeljanovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Glandirana,emeljanovi,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1913)","We consider Glandirana emeljanovi to be distinct from G. rugosa following Dubois (1992). The identity of animals from the Korean Peninsula remains unclear, and until more information becomes available on these populations we restrict G. rugulosa to Japan and consider animals from China and the Korean Peninsula to belong to G. emeljanovi." 55682,Hyla tsinlingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,tsinlingensis,,,,,"Liu and Hu, 1966", 54622,Bufo cryptotympanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,cryptotympanicus,,,,,"Liu & Hu, 1962", 55702,Hyla zhaopingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,zhaopingensis,,,,,"Tang and Zhang, 1984", 54580,Bufo aspinius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,aspinius,,,,,"(Yang & Rao, 1996)", 57897,Micryletta steinegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Micryletta,steinegeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 135778,Amolops caelumnoctis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,caelumnoctis,,,,,"Rao & Wilkinson, 2007","Amolops splendissimus and A. caelumnoctis appear to be synonyms for the same species (R. Bain pers. comm. 2009). Until their taxonomic status is resolved, we herein treat both as valid species." 58872,Raorchestes menglaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,menglaensis,,,,,"(Kou, 1990)", 58871,Gracixalus medogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,medogensis,,,,,"(Ye & Hu, 1984)", 54566,Bufo ailaoanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,ailaoanus,,,,,"Kou, 1984",This species has also been reported as belonging in the genus Torrentophryne (Yang Datong pers. comm.). 135800,Amolops daiyunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,daiyunensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1975)","This species was treated as a synonym of Amolops hongkongensis by Yang (1991), but we follow Fei (1999), Jin et al. (2005), and Ngo et al. (2006) in treating it as a separate species." 58394,Nanorana ventripunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,ventripunctata,,,,,"Fei and Huang, 1985", 88988573,Zhangixalus hui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,hui,,,,,"(Liu, 1945)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Polypedates dugritei by Li et al. (2006), who also treated P. zhaojuensis as a synonym of this species. Rhacophorus wui has been split from this species (Li et al. 2012). This species was reassigned from Polypedates to Rhacophorus by Rao et al. (2006), and was most recently reassigned from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus by Jiang et al. (2019)." 58948,Zhangixalus feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,feae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 57857,Kaloula rugifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,rugifera,,,,,"Stejneger, 1924", 57859,Kaloula verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,verrucosa,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 58960,Zhangixalus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"(Liu, Hu & Yang, 1962)",This species was formerly treated under the genus Rhacophorus but is now placed under Zhangixalus (Jiang et al. 2019). 58966,Zhangixalus yaoshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,yaoshanensis,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1962)", 58424,Quasipaa exilispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,exilispinosa,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1975)", 58961,Zhangixalus omeimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,omeimontis,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1924)", 58974,Zhangixalus arvalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,arvalis,,,,,"(Lue, Lai & Chen, 1995)",This species has been moved from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus (Jiang et al. 2019). 58427,Quasipaa jiulongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,jiulongensis,,,,,"(Huang & Liu, 1985)", 58425,Nanorana feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,feae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)",The taxonomic status of this species is not clear. It was considered a synonym of Nanorana yunnanensis by Bourret (1942). 58975,Zhangixalus aurantiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,aurantiventris,,,,,"(Lue, Lai & Chen, 1994)", 58431,Nanorana medogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,medogensis,,,,,"(Fei & Ye, 1999)", 58430,Nanorana maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,maculosa,,,,,"(Liu, Hu & Yang, 1960)",This species is endemic to China and records of this species from Tibet are in fact Nanorana chayuensis (D.-Q. Rao pers. comm. June 2019). 58438,Quasipaa shini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,shini,,,,,"(Ahl, 1930)", 58441,Nanorana taihangnica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,taihangnica,,,,,"(Chen & Jiang, 2002)", 57849,Kaloula borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,borealis,,,,,"(Barbour, 1908)", 135870,Pseudohynobius kuankuoshuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Pseudohynobius,kuankuoshuiensis,,,,,"Xu & Zeng, 2007", 58941,Zhangixalus chenfui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,chenfui,,,,,"(Liu, 1945)", 58349,Limnonectes limborgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,limborgi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1892)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Limnonectes hascheanus by Dubois (1986), where it had been placed by Smith (1929)." 58225,Amolops spinapectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,spinapectoralis,,,,,"Inger, Orlov & Darevskyi, 1999", 58850,Raorchestes gryllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,gryllus,,,,,"(Smith, 1924)",Available information (Bourret 1942) indicates that this taxon closely resembles Rhacophorus verrucosus. 57567,Leptobrachella heteropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,heteropus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","The Leptolalax heteropus-solus complex has not been fully resolved and, due to morphological similarities, further genetic work is required to verify the identity of all Peninsular Malaysia records and determine its' true distribution (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop January 2018)." 59255,Desmognathus orestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,orestes,,,,,"Tilley & Mahoney, 1996", 64003414,Phrynonax polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Phrynonax,polylepis,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Jadin et al. (2013) investigated the systematics of Pseustes (for which they resurrected the senior synonym Phrynonax), within which they recognized the species P. poecilonotus, P. shropshirei, and P. polylepis (the latter resurrected from synonymy within P. poecilonotus). Taxonomic issues remain within this complex, and in particular the status of Pseustes lyoni - described from northern Venezuela and later synonymized with P. poecilonotus. Following the resurrection of P. polylepis by Jadin et al. (2013), P. lyoni should presently be considered a junior synonym of this taxon (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2015, Uetz et al. 2021). It has, however, been suggested either that it may be conspecific with P. shropshirei (Guttierez et al. in review) or that it may be a valid species (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2015), and research is required to resolve this issue." 64004480,Ocybadistes knightorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Ocybadistes,knightorum,,,,,"Lambkin & Donaldson, 1994", 59257,Desmognathus santeetlah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,santeetlah,,,,,"Tilley, 1981", 59258,Desmognathus welteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,welteri,,,,,"Barbour, 1950", 59078,Dicamptodon aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Dicamptodon,aterrimus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 178380,Gehyra barea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,barea,,,,,"Kopstein, 1926", 59015,Zhangixalus prominanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,prominanus,,,,,"(Smith, 1924)","We follow Harvey et al. (2002) by including records of Rhacophorus dulitensis Boulenger, 1892 from Sumatra in R. prominanus, and in considering R. tunkui (Kiew 1987) to be a synonym of R. prominanus. Leong (2004) argued for the recognition of R. tunkui as a valid species, and believed that Harvey et al. (2002) had misread the original description of the species." 59035,Theloderma horridum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,horridum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 57537,Megophrys carinense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,carinense,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)","Megophrys platyparietus was considered to be a synonym of this species for a while, however, it has been removed from synonymy and is recognised as a distinct species once again (Li et al. 2020). Li et al. (2020) placed this species in the genus Brachytarsophrys, however, no reason was provided for why Brachytarsophrys was elevated from sub-genus level as per Mahony et al. (2017). Lyu et al. (2021) also listed this species in Brachytarsophrys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable.

Records from the Tay Nguyen plateau of south-central Viet Nam represent Mehophrys [Brachytarsophrys] intermedia (Orlov et al. 2000)" 61851,Nanohyla marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,marmorata,,,,,"(Bain & Nguyen, 2004)", 57746,Chaperina fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chaperina,fusca,,,,,"Mocquard, 1892","Taxonomic studies of this species are needed. If it proves to be a complex of related taxa, reassessment will be necessary." 152522850,Amolops larutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,larutensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Amolops australis and A. gerutu (Chan et al. 2018).

We follow Matsui and Nabhitabhata (2006) in treating most populations from Thailand, formerly included in this species, as Amolops panhai." 58593,Hylarana erythraea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,erythraea,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Animals formerly assigned to Hylarana erythraea from north-eastern India are now included within Hylarana tytleri following the recent revision by Ohler and Mallick (2002). The subpopulations on the Nicobar Islands are still considered to belong to this species, and have been retained (Chandramouli S.R. and Harikrishnan, S. pers. comm. August 2020) " 57948,Phrynella pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Phrynella,pulchra,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 58642,Hydrophylax leptoglossa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hydrophylax,leptoglossa,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 58673,Odorrana morafkai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,morafkai,,,,,"(Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)", 58955,Polypedates macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,macrotis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)",This species might comprise a complex of closely related taxa. It is sometimes placed in the genus Rhacophorus. 58942,Polypedates colletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,colletti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)",This species has sometimes been placed in the genus Rhacophorus. 63822610,Anthophora gallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,gallica,,,,,"Dalla Torre & Friese, 1895","The species is not considered a valid species by the World Bee Checklist (ITIS 2014), and Brooks (1988) synonymised A. gallica with A. quadricolor (Erichson, 1840), and indeed these two taxa look superficially similar. There are nevertheless several very significant differences and the taxa differ conspicuously in their colour patterns and, in males, by the shape of the hind metatarsus and genitalia. For the purposes of this assessment, Friese (1897) will be followed, therefore separating A. gallica from A. quadricolor." 63823851,Anthophora nigrovittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Anthophora,nigrovittata,,,,,"Dours, 1869","This species was erroneously synonymised with A. balneorum Lepeletier, 1841 by Brooks (1988). However, these species are conspicuously different (Rasmont et al. 1995). Furthermore, while A. balneorum is a montane species, A. nigrovittata only lives near the sea level (P. Rasmont pers. comm. 2014)." 64174124,Cicindela albissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CICINDELIDAE,Cicindela,albissima,,,,,"Rumpp, 1962", 64239743,Euphausia superba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,EUPHASIACEA,EUPHAUSIIDAE,Euphausia,superba,,,,,"Dana, 1850", 64303119,Mellissius adumbratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mellissius,adumbratus,,,,,"Wollaston, 1869", 64303157,Homoeodera elateroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,elateroides,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 64303202,Homoeodera edithia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,edithia,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 64303213,Homoeodera scolytoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,scolytoides,,,,,"Basilewsky, 1972", 64303225,Homoeodera major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,major,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 64303236,Homoeodera compositarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,compositarum,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 64303313,Scaptomyza horaeoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DROSOPHILIDAE,Scaptomyza,horaeoptera,,,,,"Tsacas & Cogan, 1977", 64303398,Paraheliophanus subinstructus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Paraheliophanus,subinstructus,,,,,"(Pickard-Cambridge, 1869)", 64303420,Paraheliophanus jeanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Paraheliophanus,jeanae,,,,,"Clark & Benoit, 1977", 64303448,Paraheliophanus sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Paraheliophanus,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Clark & Benoit, 1977", 64303482,Paraheliophanus napoleon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Paraheliophanus,napoleon,,,,,"Clark & Benoit, 1977", 64303379,Helenoscoparia nigritalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Helenoscoparia,nigritalis,,,,,"(Walker in Melliss, 1875)", 4639,Chilonopsis nonpareil,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUBULINIDAE,Chilonopsis,nonpareil,,,,,"(Perry, 1811)", 64304382,Scheloribates evanescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,SCHELORIBATIDAE,Scheloribates,evanescens,,,,,"Wallwork, 1977", 173317,Spialia therapne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,therapne,,,,,"(Rambur, 1832)","This skipper used to be considered a subspecies of the Red-underwing Skipper (S. sertorius)." 61513537,Pseudois nayaur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Pseudois,nayaur,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1833)","

The assessment covers both the subspecies P. n. nayaur and P. n. szechuanensis which are treated together. Neither taxonomy nor appropriate nomenclature of the Dwarf Blue Sheep are completely resolved. The Dwarf Blue Sheep is variously considered P. schaeferi (Wang 1998) or P. nayaur schaeferi (Shackleton 1997). In this assessment, we follow recent genetic studies (Zeng et al. 2008, Tan et al. 2012) which indicate that it should not be considered a separate species. We tentatively treat it as a subspecies P. nayaur schaeferi, and assess it separately as such.

" 173312,Glaucopsyche paphos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Glaucopsyche,paphos,,,,,"Chapman, 1920", 173224,Lycaena bleusei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lycaena,bleusei,,,,,"Oberthür, 1884","Until recently the Iberian Sooty Copper was regarded as a subspecies of Lycaena tityrus (Casulo et al., 1989)." 64372284,Epizoanthus tergestinus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,tergestinus,,,,,"Pax, 1937","

Many Epizoanthus taxa in the Mediterranean are doubtful. Some studies considers that Epizoanthus tergestinus could be a synonym of E. univittatus (Lorenz, 1860).


" 9764,Helenoconcha relicta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Helenoconcha,relicta,,,,,"Solem, 1977", 183163,Coptodon zillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,zillii,,,,,"(Gervais, 1848)",This species was long time known as Tilapia zillii but had been transferred to the genus Coptodon by conclusive molecular studies by Dunz and Schliewen (2013). 55002837,Esperiana sangarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,MELANOPSIDAE,Esperiana,sangarica,,,,,"(H. Schütt & F.H. Bilkin, 1974)", 64528661,Pelagocephalus coheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pelagocephalus,coheni,,,,,"Tyler & Paxton, 1979", 173310,Polyommatus fabressei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,fabressei,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1910)", 17940,Polyommatus golgus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,golgus,,,,,"(Hübner, 1813)",Recently the subpopulations in the Sierra de la Sagra (formerly described as Polyommatus sagratrox) have been assigned to this species. 173202,Polyommatus violetae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,violetae,,,,,"(Bustillo, Hermosa & Borrego, 1979)","Following Vila et al. (2010), the taxon subbaeticus (from the Sierras de Cazorla y Segura and Sierra de la Sagra) is treated as a subspecies of P. violetae." 173207,Pseudophilotes barbagiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudophilotes,barbagiae,,,,,"De Prins & van der Poorten, 1982", 173221,Coenonympha corinna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,corinna,,,,,"(Hübner, 1806)",C. c. elbana is considered specifically distinct by some authors. 173214,Coenonympha thyrsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenonympha,thyrsis,,,,,"(Freyer, 1845)", 173294,Erebia hispania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,hispania,,,,,"Butler, 1868",The populations in the Pyrenees are by some authors treated as distinct species (E. rondoui). 173265,Erebia zapateri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erebia,zapateri,,,,,"Oberthür, 1875", 173212,Hipparchia aristaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,aristaeus,,,,,"(Bonelli, 1826)","Some authors regard H. senthes a subspecies of H. aristaeus." 173305,Hipparchia christenseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,christenseni,,,,,"Kudrna, 1977", 173260,Hipparchia leighebi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,leighebi,,,,,"Kudrna, 1976", 64587154,Rhinolophus cohenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,cohenae,,,,,"Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012","In previous Red List assessments (2008), this species was included within Rhinolophus hildebrandtii. Taxonomic changes, based on molecular systematics and differences in morphology, echolocation call frequencies and biogeography, have taken place within the R. hildebrandtii complex. R. hildebrandtii was revised in 2012 (Taylor et al. 2012) and R. cohenae recognised as one of the four newly described species from this species complex." 64588047,Rhinolophus mabuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,mabuensis,,,,,"Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012","This species formerly was included in Rhinolophus hildebrandtii, but acoustic, biogeographical, morphological and molecular data show it to be a distinct species (Taylor et al. 2012)." 64588371,Rhinolophus smithersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,smithersi,,,,,"Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012","This species was formerly included in Rhinolophus hildebrandti but acoustic, biogeographical, morphological and molecular data show it to be a distinct species. The isolated population from Zimbabwe may constitute a distinct species from the South African populations but more sampling is required to test this." 64589126,Rhinolophus mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,mossambicus,,,,,"Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill, 2012","Based on morphological and molecular data, recently described as a new species in a split from the R. hildebrandtii complex (Taylor et al. 2012)" 173228,Hipparchia neomiris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,neomiris,,,,,"(Godart, 1822)", 173231,Hipparchia sbordonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hipparchia,sbordonii,,,,,"Kudrna, 1984", 59431,Necturus beyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PROTEIDAE,Necturus,beyeri,,,,,"Viosca, 1937",Bart et al. (1997) determined that Necturus alabamensis and N. beyeri are distinct species and that the name N. alabamensis applies only to the waterdog in the upper Black Warrior River drainage (see Bart et al. (1997) for an account of the nomenclatural history of this and related species). Waterdogs included here in the N. beyeri complex evidently comprise multiple species (Guttman et al. 1990; Bart et al. 1997); further study is needed to resolve the taxonomic status of the involved populations. 59433,Necturus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PROTEIDAE,Necturus,maculosus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)","This species is genetically most closely related to Necturus beyeri and Necturus alabamensis (Guttman et al. 1990). Some authors have included in this species certain subpopulations in the Black Warrior River drainage; those apparently comprise two species, N. alabamensis and an undescribed species (see Guttman et al. 1990). The subspecies N. m. louisianensis was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991, 1997), but supporting data are lacking. Petranka (1998) and Crother et al. (2000) treated louisianensis as a subspecies. See Maxson et al. (1988) for information on Necturus phylogeny based on albumin analysis." 192000,Argyrophis muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,muelleri,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)","There is taxonomic confusion in the literature between Argyophis [Typhlops] diardii and A. muelleri, the latter having previously been treated as a subspecies of the former." 173240,Lasiommata paramegaera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Lasiommata,paramegaera,,,,,"(Hübner, 1824)","This butterfly species used to be considered a sub-species of the Wall Brown (L. megera)" 173252,Maniola chia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Maniola,chia,,,,,"Thomson, 1987", 173213,Maniola nurag,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Maniola,nurag,,,,,"Ghiliani, 1852", 173235,Melanargia arge,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melanargia,arge,,,,,"(Sulzer, 1776)", 173229,Melanargia pherusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melanargia,pherusa,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)",Considered by some authors as a subspecies of M. occitanica. 173225,Pseudochazara graeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,graeca,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1870)", 50161085,Epizoanthus frenzeli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,frenzeli,,,,,"Pax, 1937",Epizoanthus species records in the Mediterranean are doubtful and might correspond to Epizoanthus arenaceus. 50161091,Epizoanthus paguricola,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,paguricola,,,,,"Roule, 1900", 15993,Papilio hospiton,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,hospiton,,,,,"Géné, 1839", 50161093,Epizoanthus paxii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,paxii,,,,,"Abel, 1955", 173219,Zerynthia cretica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Zerynthia,cretica,,,,,"(Rebel, 1904)",Should be Allancastria (see Bollini and Racheli 2012). 173241,Euchloe bazae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Euchloe,bazae,,,,,"Fabiano, 1993", 173208,Euchloe insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Euchloe,insularis,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1861)", 49829872,Anablepsoides monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,monticola,,,,,"(Staeck & Schindler, 1997)", 49829713,Astroblepus boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,boulengeri,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49830520,Astroblepus pholeter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,pholeter,,,,,"Collette, 1962", 49829709,Astroblepus prenadillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,prenadillus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 49830504,Ceratobranchia elatior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Ceratobranchia,elatior,,,,,"Tortonese, 1942", 49829730,Creagrutus amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,amoenus,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 49830500,Creagrutus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,muelleri,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 64692124,Hemibrycon decurrens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,decurrens,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 49830653,Knodus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,breviceps,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1908)", 49829876,Knodus delta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,delta,,,,,"Géry, 1972", 49829628,Lipopterichthys carrioni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lipopterichthys,carrioni,,,,,"Norman, 1935", 64835554,Charopa lafargei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Charopa,lafargei,,,,,"Vermeulen & Marzuki, 2014", 64790985,Aequidens metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,metae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 49830265,Astroblepus vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,vaillanti,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 49830695,Bryconamericus tolimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,tolimae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1913", 64685600,Daector gerringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Daector,gerringi,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1941)", 64685765,Daector quadrizonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Daector,quadrizonatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1922)", 64687636,Brycon labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,labiatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879", 64687651,Brycon sinuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,sinuensis,,,,,"Dahl, 1955", 64688911,Argopleura conventus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Argopleura,conventus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 64689112,Argopleura diquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Argopleura,diquensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1913)", 64689643,Bryconamericus arilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,arilepis,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C., 2008", 64689678,Bryconamericus dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,dahli,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2000", 64689750,Bryconamericus galvisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,galvisi,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2000", 64689833,Bryconamericus zamorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,zamorensis,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn P. & García-A., 2013", 64689944,Creagrutus guanes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,guanes,,,,,"Torres-Mejia & Vari, 2005", 64689977,Creagrutus nigrostigmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,nigrostigmatus,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 64691490,Gephyrocharax martae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,martae,,,,,"Dahl, 1943", 64691499,Gephyrocharax sinuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,sinuensis,,,,,"Dahl, 1964", 64691511,Gephyrocharax torresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,torresi,,,,,"Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta. Mirande & García Gonzales, 2013", 64691728,Hemibrycon brevispini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,brevispini,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2009", 64691995,Hemibrycon cairoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,cairoense,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2009", 64692375,Hemibrycon metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,metae,,,,,"Myers, 1930", 64692394,Hemibrycon microformaa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,microformaa,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C., 2007", 64692422,Hemibrycon paez,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,paez,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010", 64692439,Hemibrycon palomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,palomae,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Garcia-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn, 2010", 64692602,Hemibrycon quindos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,quindos,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010", 64692799,Hemibrycon rafaelense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,rafaelense,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2008", 64692825,Hemibrycon raqueliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,raqueliae,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010", 64692870,Hemibrycon santamartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,santamartae,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., García-Alzate & Taphorn, 2010", 64692981,Hemibrycon virolinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,virolinica,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010", 64693900,Hemibrycon yacopiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,yacopiae,,,,,"Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010", 64693927,Moenkhausia orteguasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,orteguasae,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 64693955,Gambusia lemaitrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,lemaitrei,,,,,"Fowler, 1950", 64694003,Poecilia mechthildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,mechthildae,,,,,"Meyer, Etzel & Bork, 2002", 64694032,Priapichthys chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapichthys,chocoensis,,,,,"(Henn, 1916)", 64694097,Priapichthys nigroventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapichthys,nigroventralis,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Henn, 1912)", 64694199,Austrofundulus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrofundulus,myersi,,,,,"Dahl, 1958", 64790965,Apteronotus eschmeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,eschmeyeri,,,,,"de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo, Severi & Mendes, 2004", 64790968,Apteronotus milesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,milesi,,,,,"de Santana & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2005", 64790971,Gymnotus choco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,choco,,,,,"Albert, Crampton & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2003", 64790975,Gymnotus henni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,henni,,,,,"Albert, Crampton & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2003", 64790978,Andinoacara biseriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,biseriatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 64791010,Andinoacara latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,latifrons,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 64791064,Apistogramma alacrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,alacrina,,,,,"Kullander, 2004", 64791073,Apistogramma iniridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,iniridae,,,,,"Kullander, 1979", 64791082,Bujurquina mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,mariae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1922)", 64791096,Mayaheros gephyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mayaheros,gephyrus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1922)", 64791111,Plagioscion magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,magdalenae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 64791119,Trinectes hubbsbollinger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,hubbsbollinger,,,,,"Duplain, Chapleau & Munroe, 2012", 64791122,Astroblepus cacharas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,cacharas,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2011", 64791131,Callichthys oibaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Callichthys,oibaensis,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2006", 64791152,Corydoras axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,axelrodi,,,,,"Rössel, 1962", 64791155,Corydoras delphax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,delphax,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1983","This species’ name is used quite frequently in the aquarium trade although this sometimes represent misidentification of similar-looking congeners, while C. delphax itself is often traded as C. punctatus or other similar-looking congener of which there are several." 64791159,Corydoras loxozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,loxozonus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1983", 64791179,Corydoras melanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,melanotaenia,,,,,"Regan, 1912", 64791182,Corydoras metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,metae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914", 64791191,Corydoras reynoldsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,reynoldsi,,,,,"Myers & Weitzman, 1960", 64791194,Corydoras simulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,simulatus,,,,,"Weitzman & Nijssen, 1970", 64791197,Cetopsis baudoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,baudoensis,,,,,"(Dahl, 1960)", 64791204,Cetopsis fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,fimbriata,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 64791207,Cetopsis jurubidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,jurubidae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)", 64791214,Cetopsis othonops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,othonops,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 64791246,Centrochir crocodili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Centrochir,crocodili,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1821)", 64792597,Imparfinis timana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,timana,,,,,"Ortega-Lara, Milani, DoNascimiento, Villa-Navarro & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2011", 64792601,Imparfinis usmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,usmai,,,,,"Ortega-Lara, Milani, DoNascimiento, Villa-Navarro & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2011", 64792604,Pimelodella conquetaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,conquetaensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1925", 64792607,Pimelodella reyesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,reyesi,,,,,"Dahl, 1964", 64792610,Ancistrus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,lineolatus,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 64792614,Ancistrus tolima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,tolima,,,,,"Taphorn, Armbruster, Villa-Navarro & Ray, 2013", 64792617,Ancistrus vericaucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,vericaucanus,,,,,"Taphorn, Armbruster, Villa-Navarro & Ray, 2013", 64792624,Rhadinoloricaria listrorhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rhadinoloricaria,listrorhinos,,,,,"(Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988)", 64792627,Farlowella colombiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,colombiensis,,,,,"Retzer & Page, 1997", 64792637,Spatuloricaria curvispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,curvispina,,,,,"(Dahl, 1942)", 64792645,Sturisoma caquetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisoma,caquetae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1945)", 64792655,Cruciglanis pacifici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Cruciglanis,pacifici,,,,,"Ortega-Lara & Lehmann A., 2006", 64792658,Pseudopimelodus schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Pseudopimelodus,schultzi,,,,,"(Dahl, 1955)", 64792665,Trichomycterus ballesterosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,ballesterosi,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2011", 64792676,Trichomycterus cachiraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,cachiraensis,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2008", 64792679,Trichomycterus gorgona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,gorgona,,,,,"Fernández & Schaefer, 2005", 64792683,Trichomycterus maldonadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,maldonadoi,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2011", 64792686,Trichomycterus ruitoquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,ruitoquensis,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2007", 64792700,Trichomycterus transandianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,transandianus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)", 64842141,Bryconamericus foncensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,foncensis,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C., 2009", 55898,Pseudacris streckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,streckeri,,,,,"Wright & Wright, 1933","The subspecies Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis was proposed as a distinct species by Collins (1991) (without supporting data), but this subspecies was recognized by Phillips et al. (1999), Johnson (2000), and Crother et al. (2000, 2003)." 50113293,Condylactis aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,ACTINIIDAE,Condylactis,aurantiaca,,,,,"(Delle Chiaje, 1825)", 177699,Anixa carbonaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Anixa,carbonaria,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1842)", 169599,Takifugu obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,obscurus,,,,,"(Abe, 1949)", 65378468,Eostemmiulus caecus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,STEMMIULIDA,STEMMIULIDAE,Eostemmiulus,caecus,,,,,"Mauriès, Golovatch & Geoffroy, 2010","No taxonomic problems with the species. The species is of special interest as it is the only one of the genus Eostemmiulus, itself phyletically very isolated in the Southeast Asian fauna (Golovatch et al. 2010)." 50959122,Aeshna constricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,constricta,,,,,"Say, 1840", 65402301,Oxyallagma colombianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyallagma,colombianum,,,,,"Bota-Sierra, 2014", 65402468,Rhionaeschna caligo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,caligo,,,,,"Bota-Sierra, 2014", 65402580,Palaemnema dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,dentata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 65475413,Epizoanthus univittatus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,univittatus,,,,,"(Lorenz, 1860)","There is a lack of taxonomic information on the genus Epizoanthus in the Mediterranean and further taxonomy studies are required, and there is no information to distinguish E. univittatus from the more common species E. arenaceus." 65476067,Epizoanthus vagus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,vagus,,,,,"Herberts, 1972",There is a lack of taxonomic information on the genus Epizoanthus in the Mediterranean and further taxonomic studies are required. 65476258,Arachnanthus oligopodus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,PENICILLARIA,ARACHNACTIDAE,Arachnanthus,oligopodus,,,,,"(Cerfontaine, 1891)",A. oligopodus could be a complex of species and also can be misidentified with A. maderensis. 65488848,Amphisbaena roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,roberti,,,,,"Gans, 1964", 65403156,Acostaea rivolii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,ETHERIIDAE,Acostaea,rivolii,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1827)", 65403196,Castalia ecarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Castalia,ecarinata,,,,,"Mousson, 1869", 65403472,Anodontites colombiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Anodontites,colombiensis,,,,,"Marshall, 1922", 65403779,Diplodontites olssoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Diplodontites,olssoni,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1933", 65403790,Diplodontites pilsbryana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MYCETOPODIDAE,Diplodontites,pilsbryana,,,,,"Olsson & Wurtz, 1951", 189506,Sphaerium aequatoriale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,aequatoriale,,,,,"Clessin, 1879","The type material for this species was lost therefore its taxonomic position has been questionable from the start (D.Van Damme pers. comm. 2011)." 189606,Pomacea quinindensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,quinindensis,,,,,"(Miller, 1879)", 189035,Pomacea reyrei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,reyrei,,,,,"(Cousin, 1887)",It is unclear whether this is an invalid species or a synonym (Cowie and Thiengo 2003). 65527235,Sphaeromimus andrahomana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,andrahomana,,,,,"Wesener, 2014", 65526552,Sphaeromimus inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,inexpectatus,,,,,"Wesener & Sierwald, 2005", 65527031,Sphaeromimus ivohibe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,ivohibe,,,,,"Wesener, 2014", 65526902,Sphaeromimus titanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,titanus,,,,,"Wesener, 2014", 65526976,Sphaeromimus vatovavy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,vatovavy,,,,,"Wesener, 2014", 65524228,Microsphaerotherium anjozorobe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Microsphaerotherium,anjozorobe,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65523402,Microsphaerotherium ivohibiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Microsphaerotherium,ivohibiense,,,,,"Wesener & Vandenspiegel, 2007", 65524288,Zoosphaerium album,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,album,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524323,Zoosphaerium amabile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,amabile,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524329,Zoosphaerium ambrense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,ambrense,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524334,Zoosphaerium analavelona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,analavelona,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524346,Zoosphaerium anomalum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,anomalum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)", 65524357,Zoosphaerium arborealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,arborealis,,,,,"Wesener & Sierwald, 2005", 65524362,Zoosphaerium aureum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,aureum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524369,Zoosphaerium bambusoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,bambusoides,,,,,"Wesener & Bespalova, 2010", 65524375,Zoosphaerium bilobum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,bilobum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524380,Zoosphaerium blandum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,blandum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)", 65524390,Zoosphaerium broelemanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,broelemanni,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524405,Zoosphaerium coquerelianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,coquerelianum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65524417,Zoosphaerium corystoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,corystoides,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524428,Zoosphaerium darthvaderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,darthvaderi,,,,,"Wesener & Bespalova, 2010", 65524434,Zoosphaerium denticulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,denticulatum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524294,Zoosphaerium discolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,discolor,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524445,Zoosphaerium endemicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,endemicum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524481,Zoosphaerium fisheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,fisheri,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524283,Zoosphaerium haackeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,haackeri,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524554,Zoosphaerium heleios,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,heleios,,,,,"Wesener & Bespalova, 2010", 65524598,Zoosphaerium ignotum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,ignotum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524638,Zoosphaerium isalo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,isalo,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524299,Zoosphaerium libidinosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,libidinosum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65524932,Zoosphaerium micropilligerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,micropilligerum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524308,Zoosphaerium mitoho,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,mitoho,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65524944,Zoosphaerium muscorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,muscorum,,,,,"Wesener & Bespalova, 2010", 65524274,Zoosphaerium neptunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,neptunus,,,,,"(Butler, 1872)", 65525146,Zoosphaerium piligerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,piligerum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65525169,Zoosphaerium platylabum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,platylabum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65525196,Zoosphaerium priapus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,priapus,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65525216,Zoosphaerium pseudoblandum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,pseudoblandum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65525232,Zoosphaerium pseudopiligerum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,pseudopiligerum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65525289,Zoosphaerium pseudoplatylabum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,pseudoplatylabum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65525307,Zoosphaerium pseudopriapus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,pseudopriapus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65525333,Zoosphaerium pulchellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,pulchellum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65525770,Zoosphaerium smaragdinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,smaragdinum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65525912,Zoosphaerium solitarium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,solitarium,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65525975,Zoosphaerium subreflexum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,subreflexum,,,,,"Jeekel, 1999", 65525982,Zoosphaerium tainkintana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,tainkintana,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65526057,Zoosphaerium tampolo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,tampolo,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65526089,Zoosphaerium tigrioculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,tigrioculatum,,,,,"Wesener & Bespalova, 2010", 65526112,Zoosphaerium trichordum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,trichordum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65526140,Zoosphaerium tsingy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,tsingy,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65526213,Zoosphaerium villosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,villosum,,,,,"Wesener & Sierwald, 2005", 65526257,Zoosphaerium viridissimum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,viridissimum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65526318,Zoosphaerium voeltzkowianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,voeltzkowianum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1901)", 65526462,Zoosphaerium xerophilum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,xerophilum,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 65544723,Sphaerophoria beattiei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphaerophoria,beattiei,,,,,"(van Doesburg & van Doesburg, 1977)", 65545076,Ilburnia dianae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,DELPHACIDAE,Ilburnia,dianae,,,,,"Fennah, 1976", 65545215,Argaterma multisignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Argaterma,multisignata,,,,,"White, 1878", 65545333,Sanctahelenia decellei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Sanctahelenia,decellei,,,,,"Dlabola, 1976", 65545628,Hirtopsallus suedae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Hirtopsallus,suedae,,,,,"Schmitz, 1976", 65545914,Zimirina relegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Zimirina,relegata,,,,,"Cooke, 1977", 65546877,Helenolius insulicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Helenolius,insulicola,,,,,"Van Stalle, 1986", 65546916,Nehela vulturina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Nehela,vulturina,,,,,"White, 1878", 65546948,Nyhimbricus wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Nyhimbricus,wollastoni,,,,,"White, 1878", 65547081,Agrametra aethiops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Agrametra,aethiops,,,,,"White, 1878", 65547121,Neisopsallus vinaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Neisopsallus,vinaceus,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 65547167,Helenocoris horridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Helenocoris,horridus,,,,,"Schmitz, 1976", 65524318,Zoosphaerium actaeon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,actaeon,,,,,"(White, 1859)", 65524339,Zoosphaerium anale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,anale,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65524395,Zoosphaerium campanulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,campanulatum,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65524422,Zoosphaerium crassum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,crassum,,,,,"(Butler, 1878)", 65524439,Zoosphaerium elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,elegans,,,,,"(Lenz, 1881)", 65524490,Zoosphaerium fraternarium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,fraternarium,,,,,"Jeekel, 1999", 65524513,Zoosphaerium glabrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,glabrum,,,,,"(Butler, 1873)", 65524565,Zoosphaerium hippocastanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,hippocastanum,,,,,"(Gervais, 1847)", 65524619,Zoosphaerium immane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,immane,,,,,"(Karsch, 1881)", 65524687,Zoosphaerium lambertoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,lambertoni,,,,,"(Brölemann, 1922)", 65524694,Zoosphaerium lamprinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,lamprinum,,,,,"(Butler, 1878)", 65524704,Zoosphaerium latum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,latum,,,,,"(Butler, 1872)", 65525487,Zoosphaerium reflexum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,reflexum,,,,,"(Brölemann, 1922)", 65525554,Zoosphaerium reticulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,reticulatum,,,,,"(Butler, 1878)", 65525721,Zoosphaerium sakanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,sakanum,,,,,"(Attems, 1910)", 65525928,Zoosphaerium stigmaticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,stigmaticum,,,,,"(Butler, 1873)", 65526069,Zoosphaerium testaceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,testaceum,,,,,"(Olivier, 1792)", 65585463,Valenfriesia dimidiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,dimidiata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1870)", 65585480,Valenfriesia congener,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,congener,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1877)", 65585575,Homoeodera nodulipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,nodulipennis,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 65585585,Homoeodera globulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,globulosa,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 65585601,Homoeodera asteris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,asteris,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 65590202,Plyapomus longus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,BERYTIDAE,Plyapomus,longus,,,,,"Stusak, 1977", 65590517,Napoleon vinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,REDUVIIDAE,Napoleon,vinctus,,,,,"Villiers, 1977", 65591757,Dicranomyia loveridgeana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,LIMONIIDAE,Dicranomyia,loveridgeana,,,,,"(Alexander, 1962)", 65592826,Metacanthus concolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,BERYTIDAE,Metacanthus,concolor,,,,,"White, 1878", 50161095,Epizoanthus steueri,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,steueri,,,,,"Pax, 1937","Many Epizoanthus taxa in the Mediterranean are doubtful. Some studies considers that Epizoanthus steueri could be a synonym of E. vatovai (Pax and Lochter, 1935).


" 65686327,Stonasla consors,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Stonasla,consors,,,,,"White, 1878", 65686344,Stonasla undulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Stonasla,undulata,,,,,"White, 1878", 65686469,Cardiastethus bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,ANTHOCORIDAE,Cardiastethus,bicolor,,,,,"White, 1878", 65686506,Insulopus asteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Insulopus,asteri,,,,,"Schmitz, 1976", 65687966,Glipostenoda mellissiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MORDELLIDAE,Glipostenoda,mellissiana,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1870)", 65688003,Homoeodera rotundipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,rotundipennis,,,,,"Wollaston, 1870", 65688534,Chrysoperla exul,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,NEUROPTERA,CHRYSOPIDAE,Chrysoperla,exul,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1869)", 65688624,Micromus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,NEUROPTERA,HEMEROBIIDAE,Micromus,atlanticus,,,,,"Tjeder, 1976", 65699412,Chlorita edithae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Chlorita,edithae,,,,,"White, 1878", 65699557,Lopsallus flavosparsus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Lopsallus,flavosparsus,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 65699992,Oonops erinaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,OONOPIDAE,Oonops,erinaceus,,,,,"Benoit, 1977", 15363,Ophiogomphus anomalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,anomalus,,,,,"Harvey, 1898", 15366,Ophiogomphus howei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,howei,,,,,"Bromley, 1924", 20340,Somatochlora brevicincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,brevicincta,,,,,"Robert, 1954", 20343,Somatochlora incurvata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,incurvata,,,,,"Walker, 1918", 59750,Neurocordulia michaeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Neurocordulia,michaeli,,,,,"Brunelle, 2000", 59971,Pantala flavescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pantala,flavescens,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 60310,Somatochlora sahlbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,sahlbergi,,,,,"Trybom, 1889", 164921,Stylurus plagiatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,plagiatus,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 164922,Octogomphus specularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Octogomphus,specularis,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1859)", 164925,Enallagma traviatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,traviatum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 164930,Sympetrum madidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,madidum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 164932,Enallagma minusculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,minusculum,,,,,"Morse, 1895", 164933,Stylurus scudderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,scudderi,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 164939,Boyeria grafiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Boyeria,grafiana,,,,,"Williamson, 1907", 164940,Somatochlora franklini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,franklini,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 164945,Aeshna palmata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,palmata,,,,,"Hagen, 1856", 164955,Ophiogomphus occidentis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,occidentis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1882)", 164966,Coenagrion resolutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,resolutum,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1876)", 164968,Ophiogomphus aspersus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,aspersus,,,,,"Morse, 1895", 164975,Celithemis elisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,elisa,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 164978,Sympetrum internum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,internum,,,,,"Montgomery, 1943","Although Sympetrum janeae Carle, 1993, has never been formally synonymized with S. internum, most odonatologists in North America do not recognize the species as distinct. Populations in southeastern Canada and northeastern United States do show some differences from populations farther west, but a thorough analysis of the geographic variation has not been conducted." 164981,Argia tibialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tibialis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 164982,Tramea onusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,onusta,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 164988,Nasiaeschna pentacantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Nasiaeschna,pentacantha,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 164989,Argia apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,apicalis,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 164993,Leucorrhinia glacialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,glacialis,,,,,"Hagen, 1890", 164994,Nehalennia gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nehalennia,gracilis,,,,,"Morse, 1895", 164995,Helocordulia uhleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Helocordulia,uhleri,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 164998,Amphiagrion saucium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphiagrion,saucium,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","Unofficial suggestions have been made by T. W. Donnelly (2005) that this species is conspecific with Amphiagrion abbreviatum (Selys, 1876) of western North America, connected by intermediate populations across the Great Plains. This synonymy has not been made official, and there is not universal acceptance of it among North American odonatologists." 165001,Tramea carolina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,carolina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1763)", 165003,Ischnura perparva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,perparva,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 165005,Calopteryx aequabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,aequabilis,,,,,"Say, 1840","Several described subspecies, none of them very well defined." 165016,Aeshna clepsydra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,clepsydra,,,,,"Say, 1840", 165029,Hagenius brevistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hagenius,brevistylus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 165037,Gomphaeschna furcillata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gomphaeschna,furcillata,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 165038,Argia moesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,moesta,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165042,Ischnura posita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,posita,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165043,Celithemis martha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,martha,,,,,"Williamson, 1922", 165048,Stylurus amnicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,amnicola,,,,,"(Walsh, 1862)", 165055,Aeshna umbrosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,umbrosa,,,,,"Walker, 1908","Two fairly well-marked subspecies, an eastern Aeshna umbrosa umbrosa and a western A. u. occidentalis; both common and widespread." 165062,Ophiogomphus colubrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,colubrinus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 165063,Enallagma ebrium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,ebrium,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165064,Libellula luctuosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,luctuosa,,,,,"Burmeister, 1839", 165065,Somatochlora cingulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,cingulata,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 165068,Stylurus spiniceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,spiniceps,,,,,"(Walsh, 1862)", 165072,Cordulegaster obliqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,obliqua,,,,,"(Say, 1840)",Two subspecies discussed in literature were formerly considered different species: Cordulegaster obliqua obliqua and C. o. fasciata. 165074,Aeshna canadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,canadensis,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 165079,Enallagma carunculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,carunculatum,,,,,"Morse, 1895", 165081,Anax junius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,junius,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 165088,Somatochlora hudsonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,hudsonica,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1871)", 165089,Dromogomphus spinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Dromogomphus,spinosus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 165090,Erythemis simplicicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,simplicicollis,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 165092,Enallagma exsulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,exsulans,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165100,Leucorrhinia frigida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,frigida,,,,,"Hagen, 1890", 165101,Sympetrum illotum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,illotum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165469,Libellula quadrimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,quadrimaculata,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 165473,Sympetrum danae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,danae,,,,,"(Sulzer, 1776)", 165508,Aeshna subarctica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,subarctica,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 165516,Lestes dryas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,dryas,,,,,"Kirby, 1890", 165518,Aeshna juncea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,juncea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 165519,Ischnura hastata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,hastata,,,,,"(Say, 1839)","In the past, this species was placed in a distinct monotypic genus (Anomalagrion Selys, 1857)" 48790397,Basiaeschna janata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Basiaeschna,janata,,,,,"(Say, 1839)", 48790596,Epiaeschna heros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Epiaeschna,heros,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 49254284,Archilestes grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,grandis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 49254379,Enallagma civile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,civile,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 49254470,Erythrodiplax berenice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,berenice,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 49254542,Pantala hymenaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pantala,hymenaea,,,,,"(Say, 1839)", 49254591,Argia translata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,translata,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 50959126,Aeshna eremita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,eremita,,,,,"Scudder, 1866", 50959132,Aeshna interrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,interrupta,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 50959142,Aeshna septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,septentrionalis,,,,,"Burmeister, 1839","Once consider a subspecies of the Eurasian A. caerulea (Ström, 1783)." 50959145,Aeshna sitchensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,sitchensis,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 50959214,Aeshna tuberculifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,tuberculifera,,,,,"Walker, 1908", 50959222,Aeshna verticalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,verticalis,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 50960672,Boyeria vinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Boyeria,vinosa,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 50967530,Rhionaeschna californica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,californica,,,,,"(Calvert, 1895)", 50967597,Rhionaeschna multicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,multicolor,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 50967632,Rhionaeschna mutata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,mutata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 50967776,Cordulegaster diastatops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,diastatops,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 50968962,Cordulegaster dorsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,dorsalis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858", 50968975,Cordulegaster erronea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,erronea,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 50969002,Cordulegaster maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,maculata,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 50969369,Cordulia shurtleffii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Cordulia,shurtleffii,,,,,"Scudder, 1866", 50969974,Didymops transversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Didymops,transversa,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 50970062,Dorocordulia lepida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Dorocordulia,lepida,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1871)", 50970083,Dorocordulia libera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Dorocordulia,libera,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 50970197,Epitheca canis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,canis,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1886)", 50970697,Epitheca cynosura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,cynosura,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 50970816,Epitheca princeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,princeps,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 50978637,Epitheca semiaquea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,semiaquea,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 50978657,Epitheca spinigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,spinigera,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 50978710,Macromia illinoiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,illinoiensis,,,,,"Walsh, 1862", 50978719,Macromia magnifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,magnifica,,,,,"McLachlan in Selys, 1874", 50978730,Macromia taeniolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,taeniolata,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 50978767,Neurocordulia yamaskanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Neurocordulia,yamaskanensis,,,,,"(Provancher, 1875)", 50978779,Somatochlora albicincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,albicincta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 50978798,Somatochlora elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,elongata,,,,,"(Scudder, 1866)", 50978806,Somatochlora ensigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,ensigera,,,,,"Martin, 1907", 50978822,Somatochlora forcipata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,forcipata,,,,,"(Scudder, 1866)", 50978866,Somatochlora kennedyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,kennedyi,,,,,"Walker, 1918", 50978870,Somatochlora linearis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,linearis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 50978881,Somatochlora minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,minor,,,,,"Calvert, 1898", 50978895,Somatochlora semicircularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,semicircularis,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 50978905,Somatochlora septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 50978929,Somatochlora tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 50978937,Somatochlora walshii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,walshii,,,,,"(Scudder, 1866)", 50978945,Somatochlora whitehousei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,whitehousei,,,,,"Walker, 1925", 50980574,Somatochlora williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,williamsoni,,,,,"Walker, 1907", 51178520,Williamsonia fletcheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Williamsonia,fletcheri,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 51178530,Arigomphus cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Arigomphus,cornutus,,,,,"(Tough, 1900)", 51178538,Arigomphus furcifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Arigomphus,furcifer,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 51178639,Arigomphus villosipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Arigomphus,villosipes,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 51178659,Dromogomphus spoliatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Dromogomphus,spoliatus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1858)", 51178979,Phanogomphus lividus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,lividus,,,,,"Selys, 1854",This species is now in the genus Phanogomphus. 51179217,Lanthus parvulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lanthus,parvulus,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 51179226,Lanthus vernalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lanthus,vernalis,,,,,"Carle, 1980", 51179334,Ophiogomphus carolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,carolus,,,,,"Needham, 1897", 51179357,Ophiogomphus mainensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,mainensis,,,,,"Packard, 1863", 51179439,Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,rupinsulensis,,,,,"(Walsh, 1862)", 51179458,Ophiogomphus severus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,severus,,,,,"Hagen, 1874", 51272340,Progomphus obscurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,obscurus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 51272366,Stylogomphus albistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,albistylus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 51272433,Stylurus intricatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,intricatus,,,,,"(Selys, 1858)", 51272472,Stylurus laurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,laurae,,,,,"Williamson, 1932", 51272520,Stylurus notatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,notatus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 51272610,Stylurus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,olivaceus,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 51273021,Celithemis eponina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,eponina,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 51273218,Erythemis collocata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,collocata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51274526,Ladona exusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Ladona,exusta,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 51274589,Ladona julia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Ladona,julia,,,,,"(Uhler, 1857)", 51274672,Leucorrhinia borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,borealis,,,,,"Hagen, 1890", 51274686,Leucorrhinia hudsonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,hudsonica,,,,,"(Selys, 1850)", 51274744,Leucorrhinia intacta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,intacta,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51274871,Leucorrhinia patricia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,patricia,,,,,"Walker, 1940", 51274882,Leucorrhinia proxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,proxima,,,,,"Calvert, 1890", 51275487,Libellula forensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,forensis,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51276332,Libellula incesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,incesta,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51276380,Libellula pulchella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,pulchella,,,,,"Drury, 1773", 51276410,Libellula semifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,semifasciata,,,,,"Burmeister, 1839", 51276429,Libellula vibrans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,vibrans,,,,,"Fabricius, 1793", 51279324,Nannothemis bella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannothemis,bella,,,,,"(Uhler, 1857)", 51279390,Pachydiplax longipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pachydiplax,longipennis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 51279851,Perithemis tenera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,tenera,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 51280160,Plathemis lydia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Plathemis,lydia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 51290637,Sympetrum corruptum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,corruptum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51291504,Sympetrum costiferum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,costiferum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51291811,Sympetrum obtrusum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,obtrusum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1867)", 51291855,Sympetrum pallipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,pallipes,,,,,"(Hagen, 1874)", 51291893,Sympetrum rubicundulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,rubicundulum,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 51292224,Sympetrum semicinctum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,semicinctum,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 51292295,Sympetrum vicinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,vicinum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51292820,Tramea lacerata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,lacerata,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51293508,Tanypteryx hageni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Tanypteryx,hageni,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 51293762,Calopteryx amata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,amata,,,,,"Hagen, 1889", 51293854,Calopteryx maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,maculata,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1805)", 51293948,Hetaerina americana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,americana,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 51293970,Hetaerina titia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,titia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 51302894,Amphiagrion abbreviatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphiagrion,abbreviatum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 51332230,Argia emma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,emma,,,,,"Kennedy, 1916", 51332246,Argia fumipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,fumipennis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 51332337,Argia sedula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,sedula,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51332354,Argia vivida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,vivida,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 51332574,Chromagrion conditum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Chromagrion,conditum,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1876)", 51339713,Coenagrion angulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,angulatum,,,,,"Walker, 1912", 51341145,Coenagrion interrogatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,interrogatum,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1876)", 51342071,Enallagma anna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,anna,,,,,"Williamson, 1900", 51342193,Enallagma annexum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,annexum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)","Up until 2005, Enallagma annexum was included within E. cyathigerum. However Turgeon et al. (2005) demonstrated that the Nearctic and Palearctic populations of E. cyathigerum were really two species: E. cyathigerum (occurring in the Palearctic) and E. annexum (occurring in the Nearctic)." 51342379,Enallagma antennatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,antennatum,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 51355082,Enallagma aspersum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,aspersum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51355210,Enallagma basidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,basidens,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 51355269,Enallagma boreale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,boreale,,,,,"Selys, 1875", 51355757,Enallagma clausum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,clausum,,,,,"Morse, 1895", 51356945,Enallagma geminatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,geminatum,,,,,"Kellicott, 1895", 51357009,Enallagma hageni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,hageni,,,,,"(Walsh, 1863)", 51357677,Enallagma signatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,signatum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51357987,Enallagma vernale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,vernale,,,,,"Gloyd, 1943", 51357991,Enallagma vesperum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,vesperum,,,,,"Calvert, 1919", 51361508,Ischnura cervula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,cervula,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 51361532,Ischnura damula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,damula,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 51361572,Ischnura erratica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,erratica,,,,,"Calvert, 1895", 51361680,Ischnura kellicotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,kellicotti,,,,,"Williamson, 1898", 51361720,Ischnura verticalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,verticalis,,,,,"(Say, 1839)", 51364147,Nehalennia irene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nehalennia,irene,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51364323,Lestes congener,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,congener,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51364327,Lestes disjunctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,disjunctus,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 51364333,Lestes eurinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,eurinus,,,,,"Say, 1840", 51364337,Lestes forcipatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,forcipatus,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 51364348,Lestes inaequalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,inaequalis,,,,,"Walsh, 1862", 51364361,Lestes rectangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,rectangularis,,,,,"Say, 1840", 51364399,Lestes unguiculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,unguiculatus,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51364434,Lestes vigilax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,vigilax,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 20249232,Caesio cuning,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,cuning,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)","Some authors (e.g., Akazaki in Masuda et al. 1984, Chen et al. 1997) recognize two species: Caesio cuning and C. erythrogaster; however, this is doubtful (K. Carpenter pers. comm. 2015)." 20250059,Caesio teres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,teres,,,,,"Seale, 1906", 20250214,Caesio xanthonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,xanthonota,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 20251047,Dipterygonotus balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Dipterygonotus,balteatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 20251507,Pterocaesio chrysozona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,chrysozona,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 20252379,Pterocaesio digramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,digramma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1864)", 20252707,Pterocaesio lativittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,lativittata,,,,,"Carpenter, 1987", 20252738,Pterocaesio marri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,marri,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 20252870,Pterocaesio pisang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,pisang,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 20253006,Pterocaesio tessellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,tessellata,,,,,"Carpenter, 1987", 20253151,Pterocaesio tile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,tile,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 20253212,Pterocaesio trilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,trilineata,,,,,"Carpenter, 1987", 20431525,Decapterus maruadsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,maruadsi,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)", 20437921,Trachurus novaezelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,novaezelandiae,,,,,"Richardson, 1843", 41660,Mustela subpalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,subpalmata,,,,,"Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833","Recognized as a species separate from Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis) by van Zyll de Jong (1992), Reig (1997), Abramov and Baryshnikov (2000), Baryshnikov et al. (2003), Wozencraft (2005), Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), and McDonald (2013)." 65998260,Onychogomphus boudoti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,boudoti,,,,,"Ferreira, 2014", 20251174,Gymnocaesio gymnoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Gymnocaesio,gymnoptera,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 66080021,Amphisbaena myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,myersi,,,,,"Hoogmoed, 1988", 66080030,Amphisbaena stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,stejnegeri,,,,,"Ruthven, 1922", 66080041,Amphisbaena vanzolini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,vanzolini,,,,,"Gans, 1963", 66080067,Anolis callainus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,callainus,,,,,"Köhler & Hedges, 2020","Köhler and Hedges (2016) revised the taxonomy of green anoles within the ""Anolis chlorocyanus group"" and clarified species limits. These authors restricted the name A. chlorocyanus to populations east and north of the central mountains in the Dominican Republic. Based on this work Köhler and Hedges (2020) petitioned the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to set aside the type status of the syntypes for A. chlorocyanus in order to stablize the current and long established usage of the names A. chlorocyanus and A. coelestinus. The petition was unsuccessful and hence A. callainus was published as a replacement name for the Hispaniolan anole formerly referred to as A. chlorocyanus and as a result A. coelestinus is renamed as A. chlorocyanus (Köhler and Hedges 2020)." 66080080,Anolis chrysolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,chrysolepis,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 66080108,Anolis planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,planiceps,,,,,"Troschel, 1848","Anolis eewi has been synonymised with A. planiceps and subsequently re-elevated  to full species by several authors (Rivas et al. 2012). Most recently, Poe et al. (2017) synonymised this species within A. planiceps and this arrangement is followed here." 66080120,Atractus favae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,favae,,,,,"(Filippi, 1840)", 66080137,Atractus schach,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,schach,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 66080153,Atractus steyermarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,steyermarki,,,,,"Roze, 1958", 66080162,Atractus tamessari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,tamessari,,,,,"Kok, 2006", 66080171,Atractus trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,trilineatus,,,,,"Wagler, 1828", 66080209,Gonatodes alexandermendesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,alexandermendesi,,,,,"Cole & Kok, 2006","Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Venezuelan G. superciliaris may be a junior synonym, but more work is needed to be certain (Schargel et al. 2010)." 66080219,Gonatodes timidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,timidus,,,,,"Kok, 2011", 66080228,Gonatodes annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,annularis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 66080240,Sphaerodactylus molei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,molei,,,,,"Boettger, 1894", 66080251,Sphaerodactylus monensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,monensis,,,,,"Meerwarth, 1901", 66080455,Taeniophallus nicagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,nicagus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 66080903,Kaieteurosaurus hindsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Kaieteurosaurus,hindsi,,,,,"Kok, 2005", 66080998,Loxopholis guianense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,guianense,,,,,"(Ruibal, 1952)", 66081103,Pantepuisaurus rodriguesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pantepuisaurus,rodriguesi,,,,,"Kok, 2009", 66082511,Loxopholis caparensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,caparensis,,,,,"(Esqueda, 2005)", 66082948,Loxopholis snethlageae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,snethlageae,,,,,"(Avila-Pires, 1995)", 66083022,Gonatodes astralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,astralis,,,,,"Schargel, Rivas, Makowsky, Señaris, Natera, Barros, Molina & Barrio-Amorós, 2010", 66083097,Gonatodes ceciliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,ceciliae,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1966", 66083156,Gonatodes eladioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,eladioi,,,,,"Do Nascimento, Avila-Pires & Da Cunha", 66083197,Gonatodes falconensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,falconensis,,,,,"Shreve, 1947", 66083295,Gonatodes infernalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,infernalis,,,,,"Rivas & Schargel, 2008", 66083397,Gonatodes lichenosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,lichenosus,,,,,"Rojas-Runjaic, Infante-Rivero, Cabello & Velozo, 2010", 66083530,Gonatodes ligiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,ligiae,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1967","In a catalogue of the herpetofauna of Venezuela's Calderas region (Barrio-Amorós 2010) Gonatodes ligiae appears under the name G. concinnatus and G. purpurogularis under the name G.  ligiae (C. Barrio-Amorós pers. comm. 2017). A subsequent examination of the type series of G. ligiae, which is presently held in the Universidad de Concepción in Chile, clarified that this interpretation was not correct and confirmed the identity of true G. ligiae (Barrio-Amorós and Ortiz 2016)." 66083541,Gonatodes nascimentoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,nascimentoi,,,,,"Sturaro & Avila-Pires, 2011", 66083579,Gonatodes naufragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,naufragus,,,,,"Rivas, Ugueto, Schargel, Barros, Velozo & Sánchez, 2013", 66083766,Gonatodes petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,petersi,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1967", 66083824,Gonatodes purpurogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,purpurogularis,,,,,"Esqueda, 2004", 66083847,Gonatodes rozei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,rozei,,,,,"Rivero-Blanco & Schargel, 2012", 66083921,Gonatodes superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,superciliaris,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías, 2008", 66083993,Gonatodes taniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,taniae,,,,,"Roze, 1963", 16896334,Cycloptiloides canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Cycloptiloides,canariensis,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1914)", 49830313,Astroblepus cyclopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,cyclopus,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1805)", 49829753,Astroblepus rosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,rosei,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 66221527,Andrena batava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,batava,,,,,"Pérez, 1902","

Pérez (1902: 174-175) described A. batava from the Netherlands. Stöckhert (1930: 923-924; 962-963) produced a key with detailed information on separating A. apicata and A. batava. Warncke (1967: 255) synonymized A. batava with A. apicata and was followed by some authors. However, Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl (1997: 53-54, 102-103), examined copious material of both taxa, reaching the conclusion that they are distinct species.

" 46862,Astroblepus ubidiai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,ubidiai,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1931)", 158903,Ormenophlebia imperatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Ormenophlebia,imperatrix,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1878)", 49829832,Pimelodella grisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,grisea,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 49829537,Pimelodella modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 66276445,Andrena gredana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,gredana,,,,,"Warncke, 1975","Originally described as A. gelriae ssp. gredana Warncke, 1975. In the description, Warncke pointed out the differences between the male genitalia of A. gelriae ssp. gelriae and A. gelriae ssp. gredana, and the latter was raised to a full species on the basis of these differences.

Gusenleitner and Schwarz (2002: 313) state that possibly all three of Warncke’s subspecies of A. gelriae (gredana, producta and vocifera) are distinct species." 49829733,Chaetostoma marginatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,marginatum,,,,,"Regan, 1904", 49830125,Nannoptopoma spectabile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Nannoptopoma,spectabile,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1914)", 49829993,Rineloricaria jubata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,jubata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 64791043,Andinoacara sapayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,sapayensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 64790998,Andinoacara blombergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,blombergi,,,,,"Wijkmark, Kullander & Barriga Salazar, 2012", 49829715,Mayaheros ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mayaheros,ornatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 49830402,Caquetaia myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Caquetaia,myersi,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 49829791,Brycon dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,dentex,,,,,"Günther, 1860", 50161089,Epizoanthus mediterraneus,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ZOANTHINARIA,EPIZOANTHIDAE,Epizoanthus,mediterraneus,,,,,"Carlgren, 1935",Some Epizoanthus species records from the Mediterranean are doubtful and may correspond to Epizoanthus arenaceus. 167766,Parastremma album,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Parastremma,album,,,,,"Dahl, 1960", 49830439,Pseudochalceus longianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pseudochalceus,longianalis,,,,,"Gery, 1972", 49830710,Pseudocurimata lineopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Pseudocurimata,lineopunctata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 190747,Scarus forsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Scarus,forsteni,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1861)","Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae. The genera Chlororus and Scarus are two distinct monophyletic lineages (Smith et al. 2008).

Terminal males closely resemble those of S. tricolor, differing primarily by lacking a yellow blotch on the inner pectoral axil (R.F. Myers pers comm. 2009)." 159075,Acanthagrion hartei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,hartei,,,,,"Muzón & Lozano, 2005",The validity of this species has been questioned by Garrison (Tennessen pers. comm. with Garrison). 158921,Aeolagrion axine,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aeolagrion,axine,,,,,"Dunkle, 1991", 66596930,Brycon alburnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,alburnus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 66597499,Hyphessobrycon chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,chocoensis,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2013", 66598016,Pseudochalceus bohlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pseudochalceus,bohlkei,,,,,"Orcés V., 1967", 66638121,Bujurquina pardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,pardus,,,,,"Armour, Barriga Salazar & López-Fernández, 2014", 66598039,Pseudochalceus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pseudochalceus,lineatus,,,,,"Kner, 1863", 66639255,Musculium partumeium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,partumeium,,,,,"(Say, 1822)","This species is considered by some to be in the genus Sphaerium, as they treat Musculium as a subgenus." 66639265,Musculium securis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,securis,,,,,"(Prime, 1852)", 66639283,Pisidium adamsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,adamsi,,,,,"Stimpson, 1851", 66639293,Pisidium compressum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,compressum,,,,,"Prime, 1852", 66639309,Pisidium cruciatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,cruciatum,,,,,"Sterki, 1895", 66639332,Pisidium dubium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,dubium,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 66639342,Pisidium fallax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,fallax,,,,,"Sterki, 1896", 66639363,Pisidium rotundatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,rotundatum,,,,,"Prime, 1852","This species is a distinct species restricted to North America. Pisidium rotundatum (Pallary, 1921) is a different species and is currently regarded as a synonym of Pisidium casertanum." 66639395,Sphaerium fabale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,fabale,,,,,"(Prime, 1852)", 66639399,Sphaerium occidentale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,occidentale,,,,,"(Lewis, 1856)", 66639415,Sphaerium rhomboideum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,rhomboideum,,,,,"(Say, 1822)", 66639423,Sphaerium simile,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,simile,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 66639426,Sphaerium striatinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,striatinum,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1818)", 66598216,Rhoadsia minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Rhoadsia,minor,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1914", 66598508,Pseudocurimata boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Pseudocurimata,boehlkei,,,,,"Vari, 1989", 66598543,Lebiasina astrigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,astrigata,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 66599043,Pseudopoecilia fria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudopoecilia,fria,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Henn, 1914)", 66599596,Gymnotus esmeraldas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,esmeraldas,,,,,"Albert & Crampton, 2003", 66599702,Astroblepus mindoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,mindoensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1916)", 66599736,Astroblepus regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,regani,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 66600283,Astroblepus theresiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,theresiae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)", 66600487,Astroblepus whymperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,whymperi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 66600816,Cetopsis amphiloxa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,amphiloxa,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1914)", 66601511,Paracetopsis esmeraldas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Paracetopsis,esmeraldas,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 66601730,Chaetostoma aequinoctiale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,aequinoctiale,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1909", 66601812,Cordylancistrus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Cordylancistrus,platycephalus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 66601913,Sturisomatichthys frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,frenatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 66601974,Batrochoglanis transmontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Batrochoglanis,transmontanus,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 49829942,Bujurquina zamorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Bujurquina,zamorensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)", 11451,Leiopelma hamiltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEIOPELMATIDAE,Leiopelma,hamiltoni,,,,,"McCulloch, 1919","The Maud Island population was previously considered to belong to this species, but was described as a new species, Leiopelma pakeka, in 1998 (Bell et al. 1998). However, Holyoake et al. (2001) considered them to be evolutionarily significant units of the same species based on a study of partial 12 S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b gene sequences, although no formal taxonomic change was made as a result of this study. There is ongoing discussion and research into this subject." 11450,Leiopelma archeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEIOPELMATIDAE,Leiopelma,archeyi,,,,,"Turbott, 1942", 11452,Leiopelma hochstetteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEIOPELMATIDAE,Leiopelma,hochstetteri,,,,,"Fitzinger, 1861","DNA analyses have indicated that L. hochstetteri consists of ten or more evolutionarily significant units (Gemmell et al. 2003, Fouquet et al. 2010, Gleeson et al. 2010, Newman et al. 2013). Management should maintain these distinctive populations until further research into speciation within the group has been carried out." 66630789,Pomacea cornucopia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,cornucopia,,,,,"(Reeve, 1856)",Considered a valid species in Cowie and Thiengo (2003). 66630861,Pomacea expansa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,expansa,,,,,"(Miller, 1879)","Considered a valid species in Cowie and Thiengo (2003)." 56298,Leiopelma pakeka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEIOPELMATIDAE,Leiopelma,pakeka,,,,,"Bell, Daugherty & Hay, 1998","

This species was previously considered to belong to L. hamiltoni, but was described as a new species, Leiopelma pakeka, in 1998 (Bell et al. 1998). There is ongoing discussion over the taxonomic status of these two species, which were subsequently declared evolutionarily significant units of the same species based on a study of partial 12 S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b gene sequences (Holyoake et al. 2001) although no formal taxonomic changes were made. There is ongoing discussion and research into this subject.

" 174107,Micrurus paraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,paraensis,,,,,"Da Cunha & Do Nascimento, 1973", 176233,Amphisbaena slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,slevini,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936","This species has been reported from sites outside Brazil, in French Guiana (Starace 1998) and the Koetari River in Suriname (Ouboter et al., in O'Shea et al. 2011, National Zoological Collection of Suriname). Later reexamination of French Guiana specimens by Starace in 2013 determined that these represent Amphisbaena vanzolini (M. Hoogmoed pers. comm. 2016). The Koetari record, attributed to A. slevini before Starace corrected the identification of the French Guiana specimens, has subsequently been reexamined and found also to represent A. vanzolini (P. Ouboter unpubl. data). As such, A. slevini is still known with certainty only from areas close to Manaus in Brazilian Amazonia." 178225,Gymnophthalmus underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gymnophthalmus,underwoodi,,,,,"Grant, 1958", 178253,Gymnophthalmus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gymnophthalmus,lineatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 178332,Coleodactylus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Coleodactylus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1980", 178360,Epictia collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,collaris,,,,,"(Hoogmoed, 1977)", 178702,Arthrosaura kockii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,kockii,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1904)", 56050441,Siagonodon cupinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Siagonodon,cupinensis,,,,,"(Bailey & Carvalho, 1946)", 66630916,Pomacea martinezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,martinezi,,,,,"(Hidalgo, 1866)",Considered a valid species by Cowie and Thiengo (2003). 158907,Oxyagrion tennesseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,tennesseni,,,,,"Mauffray, 1999", 66630926,Pomacea modesta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,modesta,,,,,"(Busch, 1859)", 66630953,Pomacea palmeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,palmeri,,,,,"(Marshall, 1930)", 158911,Telebasis versicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,versicolor,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 66631163,Pomacea puntaplaya,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,puntaplaya,,,,,"(Cousin, 1887)", 66638750,Pomacea tenuissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pomacea,tenuissima,,,,,"(Jousseaume, 1894)", 66638779,Lithococcus multicarinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Lithococcus,multicarinatus,,,,,"Miller, 1879", 66766931,Phymaturus dorsimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,dorsimaculatus,,,,,"Lobo & Quinteros, 2005","Depending on author, Phymaturus dorsimaculatus is considered either a synonym of Phymaturus vociferator (Pincheira-Donoso et al. 2008) or as a valid species. Troncoso-Palacios and Lobo (2012) argue that P. dorsimaculatus is a valid species, given that the second chinshields are separated, a characteristic that together with the vocalization (according to Pincheira-Donoso 2004) and the scapular black bars fused in the male, allow reliable differentiation from P. vociferator." 158823,Teinopodagrion angulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,angulatum,,,,,"de Marmels, 2001", 158957,Archaeopodagrion bilobatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Archaeopodagrion,bilobatum,,,,,"Kennedy, 1946", 159018,Heteragrion calendulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,calendulum,,,,,"Williamson, 1919", 63230,Heteropodagrion sanguinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Heteropodagrion,sanguinipes,,,,,"Selys, 1885","Neuragrion mysticum Karsch, 1891 is a junior synonym of Heteropodagrion sanguinipes Selys 1885 (Garrison & von Ellenrieder 2005)." 60294,Mesagrion leucorrhinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Mesagrion,leucorrhinum,,,,,"Selys, 1885",A monotypic genus. 158822,Philogenia redunca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,redunca,,,,,"Cook, 1989", 158930,Philogenia sucra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,sucra,,,,,"Dunkle, 1986", 159041,Teinopodagrion curtum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,curtum,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 158973,Palaemnema carmelita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,carmelita,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 158813,Palaemnema picicaudata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,picicaudata,,,,,"Kennedy, 1938", 59734,Miocora aurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,aurea,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 158946,Euthore dorada,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,dorada,,,,,"(Bick & Bick, 1991)", 159120,Euthore fassli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,fassli,,,,,"Ris, 1914", 159099,Euthore mirabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Euthore,mirabilis,,,,,"McLachlan, 1878", 66899676,Mesamphiagrion gaudiimontanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,gaudiimontanum,,,,,"Bota-Sierra in Bota-Sierra & Wolff, 2013", 66899694,Mesamphiagrion rosseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,rosseri,,,,,"Bota-Sierra in Bota-Sierra & Wolff, 2013", 66899713,Mesamphiagrion santainense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,santainense,,,,,"Bota-Sierra in Bota-Sierra & Wolff, 2013", 2058,Arctocephalus gazella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Arctocephalus,gazella,,,,,"(Peters, 1875)","

Antarctic Fur Seals were formerly considered a subspecies of Arctocephalus tropicalis and were known as A. t. gazella (Repenning et al. 1971). Rice (1998) listed the species as A. gazella.  In 2011 the genus of this, and many other species of Fur Seals was changed to Arctophoca, Peters 1866 (Committee on Taxonomy 2011) based on evidence presented in Berta and Churchill (2012). However, in 2013, based on genetic evidence presented in Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds (2012), this change was considered to be premature and these species were returned to the genus Arctocephalus pending further research (Committee on Taxonomy 2013).

" 67009769,Asiagomphus coreanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,coreanus,,,,,"(Doi & Okumura, 1937)","This species was originally identified from Daegu, Republic of Korea, under the name of Gomphus coreanus Doi & Okumura, 1937. It was later recombined as Anisogomphus coreanus Doi & Okumura, 1943 and again recombined as Asiagomphus coreanus Asahina, 1985 (Bae and Lee 2012)." 188065,Syngnathus schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,schlegeli,,,,,"Kaup, 1856", 49545913,Boophis madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)",In the Boophis goudotii group (Frost 2013). Boophis roseipalmatus has recently been split from this species (Glaw et al. 2010). 49830023,Apistogramma payaminonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,payaminonis,,,,,"Kullander, 1986", 49830696,Hemibrycon orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,orcesi,,,,,"Böhlke, 1958", 49829644,Chaetostoma dermorhynchum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,dermorhynchum,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 49830648,Trichomycterus bomboizanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,bomboizanus,,,,,"(Tortonese, 1942)", 57399,Boophis englaenderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,englaenderi,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994", 57428,Boophis septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,septentrionalis,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994",This species was removed from the synonymy of Boophis luteus by Andreone and Randriamahazo (1997). 57429,Boophis sibilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,sibilans,,,,,"Glaw & Thiesmeier, 1993", 57430,Boophis solomaso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,solomaso,,,,,"Vallan, Vences & Glaw, 2003", 57436,Boophis xerophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,xerophilus,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1997", 67359364,Neoromicia robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,robertsi,,,,,"Goodman, Taylor, Ratrimomanarivo & Hoofer, 2012","This recently described species was thought to be closely related to African populations of N. melckorum, but on the basis of morphological and molecular data it has been shown to be distinct, endemic to Madagascar, and the sister species to N. malagasyensis (Goodman et al. 2012, 2015)." 67359375,Neoromicia roseveari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,roseveari,,,,,"Monadjem, Richards, Taylor & Stoffberg, 2013",This species is genetically and morphologically distinct from the closely related Neoromicia brunnea (Monadjem et al. 2013). 67360705,Chaerephon atsinanana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,atsinanana,,,,,"Goodman, Buccas, Naidoo, Ratrimomanarivo, Taylor & Lamb, 2010","For many decades, it was cited in the literature that the widespread species Chaerephon pumilus was a common synanthropic species on Madagascar (Petersen et al. 1995). On the basis of detailed analyses, particularly with molecular data, it became clear that amongst different Afro-Malagasy populations assigned to this taxon, several different species are involved.  Using this information, as well as some morphological characters, the population on Madagascar was named as new to science (Goodman et al. 2010)." 67363010,Mops bakarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,bakarii,,,,,"Stanley, 2009","This is a newly described species from Pemba Island, Tanzania (Stanley 2008)." 67368866,Pseudolaureola atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ARMADILLIDAE,Pseudolaureola,atlantica,,,,,"(Vandel, 1977)","The evolutionary phylogeny of the Armadillidae requires further study. As presently defined, the genus Pseudolaureola Kwon, Ferrara & Taiti is comprised of just four species with a remarkably disjunct distribution across humid forests of the tropical Afro-Australasian zone; In addition to the Atlantic outpost occupied by P. atlantica, the other taxa are found in Madagascar, New Caledonia and western Australia (Schmalfuss, 2003). Related genera (e.g. Laureola Barnard) have a predominantly southern African distribution but extend as far as south-east Asia." 67367669,Agdistis marionae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PTEROPHORIDAE,Agdistis,marionae,,,,,"Arenberger, Beard, Hassenfuss & Karisch, 2012","This rare moth was only discovered in 2009 (Arenberger et al., 2012). Previously, only a single Agdistis species was known from St Helena (the locally much more widespread endemic, A. sanctaehelenae Wollaston), although some taxonomic confusion remains over the genus and it is possible that further St Helena species await recognition. Agdistis marionae is superficially close to its more common sister taxon and the adults are distinguished on relatively subtle morphological characters, but the larvae presumably display strong physical and behavioural differences. Agdistis sanctaehelenae occurs in many habitats and is thus assumed to be less host-specific." 67369846,Rhinolophus damarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,damarensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1946","Previously considered a subspecies of Rhinolophus darlingi (Monadjem et al. 2010), where R. d. damarensis was known from Namibia and the Northern Cape (Meester et al. 1986). Jacobs et al. (2013) present genetic evidence that R. darlingi (sensu lato) is polyphyletic, comprising two cryptic species corresponding to the western populations that occur in arid habitats and the populations occurring in central and eastern southern Africa. Specifically, R. damarensis occurs in Angola, Namibia, and northwestern South Africa, while R. darlingi occurs in eastern South Africa, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambia and Malawi." 156175,Planorbis planorbis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbis,planorbis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Synonymous species include Planorbis umbilicatus (Muller 1774), Pisidium obtusalastrum (Woodward 1921) and Pisidium schotzi (Clessin 1873).

The record for P. planorbis in the Arabian Peninsula is based on a single record from an archaeological excavation site in Oman. In general, Planorbis species in the Middle East can only be correctly identified by using characters of their genital organs. According to P. Glöer (pers. comm. 2012) this single record from the Arabian Peninsula might refer to Planorbis intermixtus, which seems to be a common species in Iran. On the contrary, anatomically identified P. planorbis populations do not reach farther south than Bulgaria in Europe (Glöer and Pesic 2010)." 57515,Guibemantis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,punctatus,,,,,"(Blommers-Schlösser, 1979)", 57534,Gephyromantis zavona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,zavona,,,,,"(Vences, Andreone, Glaw & Randrianirina, 2003)", 57478,Gephyromantis eiselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,eiselti,,,,,"Guibé, 1975","This form might be confused with Gephyromantis thelenae, G. blanci and G. leucocephalus (F. Glaw and M. Vences pers. comm.)." 57526,Gephyromantis thelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,thelenae,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1994)","This species occurs in sympatry with Gephyromantis eiselti from which it is distinguished mainly by its call, so museum records might confuse these two species (F. Glaw pers. comm. November 2015)." 57529,Gephyromantis tschenki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,tschenki,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 2001)","A subpopulation similar to G. tschenki was found in the Ambodiriana Forest on the east coast of Madagascar, far north of the known range for this species; the identity of this population requires confirmation and this record is excluded for the purposes of this assessment (F. Glaw pers. comm. November 2015)." 58011,Stumpffia psologlossa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,psologlossa,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)",This species' taxonomy is unclear. 57961,Cophyla pollicaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,pollicaris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)",The taxonomy of this species is extremely confused and requires urgent revision (F. Glaw pers. comm. Nov. 2014). 39908,Liolaemus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,occipitalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885",Was under Iguanidae. 168122,Rhachistia aldabrae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CERASTIDAE,Rhachistia,aldabrae,,,,,"(Martens, 1898)", 11522,Lepidoblepharis montecanoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,montecanoensis,,,,,"Markezich & Taphorn, 1994", 176225,Amphisbaena gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,gracilis,,,,,"Strauch, 1881", 176353,Atractus duidensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,duidensis,,,,,"Roze, 1961", 176839,Erythrolamprus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,williamsi,,,,,"(Roze, 1958)", 177555,Thamnodynastes marahuaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,marahuaquensis,,,,,"Gorzula & Ayarzagüena, 1996", 177557,Erythrolamprus mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,mertensi,,,,,"(Roze, 1964)", 177576,Thamnodynastes corocoroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,corocoroensis,,,,,"Gorzula & Ayarzagüena, 1996", 177577,Taeniophallus nebularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,nebularis,,,,,"Schargel, Rivas Fuenmayor & Myers, 2005", 178189,Panopa carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panopa,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Reboucas-Spieker & Vanzolini, 1990)", 178238,Riama luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,luctuosa,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 178343,Riama inanis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,inanis,,,,,"(Doan & Schargel, 2003)", 178439,Gonatodes seigliei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,seigliei,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1966", 178462,Anadia marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,marmorata,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 178516,Neusticurus tatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Neusticurus,tatei,,,,,"(Burt & Burt, 1931)", 178571,Plica lumaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Plica,lumaria,,,,,"Donnelly & Myers, 1991", 178640,Anadia bitaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,bitaeniata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 178713,Arthrosaura synaptolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Arthrosaura,synaptolepis,,,,,"Donnelly, McDiarmid & Myers, 1992", 184105,Rena affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,affinis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1984)", 67527490,Gnaphosa funerea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Gnaphosa,funerea,,,,,"(Dalmas, 1921)", 67527598,Ripersiella mediatlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PSEUDOCOCCIDAE,Ripersiella,mediatlantica,,,,,"Matile-Ferrero, 1977", 65880410,Acarodes gutta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Acarodes,gutta,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 65894074,Homoeodera alutaceicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,alutaceicollis,,,,,"Wollaston, 1870", 65894104,Homoeodera coriacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,coriacea,,,,,"Wollaston, 1871", 65894033,Homoeodera longefasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,longefasciata,,,,,"Basilewsky, 1972", 65894031,Homoeodera paivae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,paivae,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 65894138,Homoeodera pumilio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,pumilio,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 65894066,Homoeodera pygmaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Homoeodera,pygmaea,,,,,"Wollaston, 1870", 66221631,Valenfriesia aenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,aenea,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1877)", 66221728,Valenfriesia alutacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,alutacea,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1870)", 65880080,Valenfriesia bewicki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,bewicki,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1861)", 66221680,Valenfriesia dalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,dalei,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1877)", 66221704,Valenfriesia ferruginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,ferruginea,,,,,"Wollaston, 1871", 66221707,Valenfriesia grayii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,grayii,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1877)", 66221658,Valenfriesia janischi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,janischi,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1877)", 66221730,Valenfriesia rotundata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,rotundata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1877)", 65880095,Valenfriesia rufopicta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,rufopicta,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1861)", 66221725,Valenfriesia subfasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHRIBIDAE,Valenfriesia,subfasciata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1877)", 65892641,Clubiona dubia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,CLUBIONIDAE,Clubiona,dubia,,,,,"O. P.-Cambridge, 1869", 65881182,Benoitodes caheni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Benoitodes,caheni,,,,,"(Benoit, 1977)", 65881178,Benoitodes sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,GNAPHOSIDAE,Benoitodes,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(Strand, 1909)", 65892925,Dolocosa dolosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Dolocosa,dolosa,,,,,"(O. P.-Cambridge, 1873)", 65894025,Hogna cinica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,cinica,,,,,"(Tongiorgi, 1977)", 65894023,Hogna inexorabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,inexorabilis,,,,,"(O. P.-Cambridge, 1869)", 65894021,Hogna ligata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,ligata,,,,,"(O. P.-Cambridge, 1869)", 65894027,Hogna nefasta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Hogna,nefasta,,,,,"Tongiorgi, 1977", 66182333,Lycosa elysae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Lycosa,elysae,,,,,"Tongiorgi, 1977", 66182359,Lycosa ringens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Lycosa,ringens,,,,,"Tongiorgi, 1977", 66185709,Philodromus signatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,PHILODROMIDAE,Philodromus,signatus,,,,,"O. P.-Cambridge, 1869", 66183511,Myrmarachne isolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Myrmarachne,isolata,,,,,"Clark & Benoit, 1977", 66184979,Pellenes inexcultus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Pellenes,inexcultus,,,,,"(Pickard-Cambridge, 1873)", 66188047,Tetrablemma helenense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,TETRABLEMMIDAE,Tetrablemma,helenense,,,,,"Benoit, 1977", 65881343,Bonapruncinia sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THOMISIDAE,Bonapruncinia,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"Benoit, 1977", 65880800,Argaterma alticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Argaterma,alticola,,,,,"White, 1878", 66186262,Sanctahelenia insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Sanctahelenia,insularis,,,,,"White, 1878", 66186238,Sanctahelenia sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Sanctahelenia,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"White, 1878", 65893702,Helenolius dividens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Helenolius,dividens,,,,,"(Walker, 1858)", 65880307,Ilburnia ignobilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,DELPHACIDAE,Ilburnia,ignobilis,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 66180884,Lasiochilus contortus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,ANTHOCORIDAE,Lasiochilus,contortus,,,,,"(White, 1879)", 66184784,Orthops mutabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Orthops,mutabilis,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 67586360,Trioza barrettae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,TRIOZIDAE,Trioza,barrettae,,,,,"Taylor & Moir, 2014",Trioza barrettae has recently been described (Taylor and Moir 2014) and was previously known as Trioza sp. 03 (Moir et al. 2012a). 67598999,Atlantocella leleupi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Atlantocella,leleupi,,,,,"(Dlabola, 1977)", 67599220,Helenasaldula aberrans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,SALDIDAE,Helenasaldula,aberrans,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 67599559,Macrorhaphis wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PENTATOMIDAE,Macrorhaphis,wollastoni,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 67599690,Nysius sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,LYGAEIDAE,Nysius,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 67599836,Vernonia wollastoniana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,NABIDAE,Vernonia,wollastoniana,,,,,"White, 1878", 67599870,Kerzhneria hirsuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,NABIDAE,Kerzhneria,hirsuta,,,,,"Schmitz, 1977", 67600030,Naresthus hebes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Naresthus,hebes,,,,,"Schmitz, 1977", 67599982,Oligobiella fuliginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Oligobiella,fuliginea,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 67606920,Amphisbaena rozei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,rozei,,,,,"Lancini, 1963", 67607734,Drymarchon margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymarchon,margaritae,,,,,"Roze, 1959", 67607917,Anolis anatoloros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,anatoloros,,,,,"Ugueto, Rivas, Barros, Sánchez-Pacheco & García-Pérez, 2007", 67607977,Anolis annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,annectens,,,,,"Williams, 1974", 67608157,Anolis bellipeniculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bellipeniculus,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)", 67608420,Anolis blanquillanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,blanquillanus,,,,,"Hummelinck, 1940", 67608716,Anolis bonairensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bonairensis,,,,,"Ruthven, 1923", 67609237,Anolis carlostoddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,carlostoddi,,,,,"(Williams, Praderio & Gorzula, 1996)", 67609326,Anolis deltae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,deltae,,,,,"Williams, 1974","The one specimen of this species may be referrable to Anolis punctatus (G. Rivas and W. Schargel, unpublished data)." 67609598,Anolis euskalerriari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,euskalerriari,,,,,"(Barros, Williams & Viloria, 1996)", 67609825,Anolis neblininus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,neblininus,,,,,"(Myers, Williams & McDiarmid, 1993)", 67609861,Anolis squamulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,squamulatus,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 67609886,Anolis tetarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tetarii,,,,,"(Barros, Williams & Viloria, 1996)", 67609915,Anolis tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,tigrinus,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 67610337,Atractus acheronius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,acheronius,,,,,"Passos, Fuenmayor & Barrios-Amorós, 2009", 67610380,Atractus ayeush,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,ayeush,,,,,"Esqueda, 2011", 67610399,Atractus eriki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,eriki,,,,,"Esqueda, La Marca & Bazó, 2007","Further material is required to confirm the validity of and better-define diagnostic characters in Atractus eriki, which is known from four specimens and belongs to a taxonomically difficult genus (W. Schargel pers. comm. 2018)." 67610453,Atractus insipidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,insipidus,,,,,"Roze, 1961", 67610469,Atractus lancinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,lancinii,,,,,"Roze, 1961", 67610489,Atractus mariselae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,mariselae,,,,,"Lancini, 1969", 67610579,Atractus matthewi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,matthewi,,,,,"Markezich & Barrio-Amorós, 2004", 67610595,Atractus meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,meridensis,,,,,"Esqueda & La Marca, 2005","Independent examinations of material assigned to Atractus erythromelas and A. meridemsis by both W. Schargel and A. Markezich suggests that A. meridensis may be a junior synonym of A. erythromelas (W. Schargel pers. comm. 2019). Alternatively that the species' occurrence on both versants of the Mérida mountain range may represent misidentification of material away from the type locality (W. Schargel pers. comm. 2019). At present this issue is difficult to resolve as only a single specimen is known from the type locality and exhibits only minor morphological differences from A. erythromelas, and no published work has examined the relationship between these two species (W. Schargel pers. comm. 2019)." 67610606,Atractus micheleae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,micheleae,,,,,"Esqueda & La Marca, 2005", 67610704,Atractus mijaresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,mijaresi,,,,,"Esqueda & La Marca, 2005", 67610740,Atractus multidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,multidentatus,,,,,"Passos, Fuenmayor & Barrios-Amorós, 2009", 67610854,Atractus ochrosetrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,ochrosetrus,,,,,"Esqueda & La Marca, 2005", 67610870,Atractus riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,riveroi,,,,,"Roze, 1961", 67611149,Atractus tamaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,tamaensis,,,,,"Esqueda & La Marca, 2005",The relationship between this species and Atractus pamplonensis needs clarification. 67611166,Atractus taphorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,taphorni,,,,,"Schlargel & García-Pérez, 2002", 67611176,Atractus turikensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,turikensis,,,,,"Barros, 2000", 67611221,Atractus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,vittatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 41006,Hippocampus guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,guttulatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","This species has long been synonymized with Hippocampus ramulosus Leach 1814. The most recent and comprehensive taxonomic reviews suggest there are only two European species, H. guttulatus and H. hippocampus, and that each is a single undifferentiated species across its range (Woodall et al. 2018). Riquet and colleagues (2019) evidenced the existence of five clearly distinct genetic lineages of  H. guttulatus: one from North Sea to southwestern France, one around the Iberian Peninsula to the Alboran Sea, one in the Black Sea, one in the Mediterranean Sea, and the last limited to Thau and other Occitania lagoons in southern France. Further research is needed to understand if this has taxonomic incidences and to establish if H. ramulosus is a different species of H. guttulatus or a different morphological type (Woodall et al. 2018)." 10069,Hippocampus hippocampus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,hippocampus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The most recent and comprehensive taxonomic reviews suggest there are only two European species, Hippocampus guttulatus and Hippocampus hippocampus, and that each is a single undifferentiated species across its range (Woodall et al. 2018). However, three distinct genetic subpopulations of H. hippocampus have been identified: in the English Channel and Bay of Biscay, Europe including the Mediterranean, and West Africa (Woodall et al. 2011)." 65134998,Aeoliscus punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Aeoliscus,punctulatus,,,,,"(Bianconi, 1854)", 65135062,Aeoliscus strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Aeoliscus,strigatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 65363543,Apterygocampus epinnulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Apterygocampus,epinnulatus,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 65134818,Aulichthys japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,HYPOPTYCHIDAE,Aulichthys,japonicus,,,,,"Brevoort, 1862", 154938,Bhanotia nuda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bhanotia,nuda,,,,,"Dawson, 1978", 65370087,Lissocampus fatiloquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Lissocampus,fatiloquus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1943)", 65349869,Centriscops humerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Centriscops,humerosus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 65350111,Centriscus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Centriscus,cristatus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1885)", 65362908,Notopogon armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Notopogon,armatus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)", 65362977,Notopogon fernandezianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Notopogon,fernandezianus,,,,,"(Delfin, 1899)", 65364521,Choeroichthys latispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Choeroichthys,latispinosus,,,,,"Dawson, 1978", 155165,Corythoichthys amplexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,amplexus,,,,,"Dawson & Randall, 1975", 65364798,Corythoichthys benedetto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,benedetto,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2008", 65364818,Corythoichthys flavofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,flavofasciatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 155285,Vanacampus vercoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Vanacampus,vercoi,,,,,"(Waite & Hale, 1921)", 112664138,Cosmocampus arctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,arctus,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)","This assessment was updated to reflect current taxonomic knowledge, namely that populations sometimes referred to as subspecies of C. arctus (C. arctus coccineus and C. arctus heraldi - Dawson 1985) are distinct species (i.e., C. coccineus and C. heraldi) (Fritzsche 1980). Further morphometric and molecular analyses are needed in order to confirm this." 65365838,Cosmocampus howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,howensis,,,,,"(Whitley, 1948)", 65365899,Cosmocampus maxweberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,maxweberi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1933)", 180839,Doryichthys contiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryichthys,contiguus,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 168479,Microphis dunckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,dunckeri,,,,,"(Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)"," Further collections may indicate that this species is in fact a subspecies of Microphis deocata (Hamilton 1822) (Dawson 1984). " 13392,Microphis spinachioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,spinachioides,,,,,"(Duncker, 1915)",The species name was incorrectly spelled as spinachoides in earlier Red Lists. 169612,Microphis insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,insularis,,,,,"(Hora, 1925)",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Oostethus to be a subgenus of Microphis based on morphology and meristics. Kottelat (2013) resurrected Oostethus with no annotation or justification. 65363156,Notopogon xenosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Notopogon,xenosoma,,,,,"Regan, 1914", 65363069,Notopogon lilliei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,CENTRISCIDAE,Notopogon,lilliei,,,,,"Regan, 1914", 178111,Fistularia corneta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,FISTULARIIDAE,Fistularia,corneta,,,,,"Gilbert & Starks, 1904",The Order for this Family has changed from Syngnathiformes to Gasterosteiformes (Nelson 2006). 65368088,Hippichthys parvicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippichthys,parvicarinatus,,,,,"(Dawson, 1978)", 65373532,Pugnaso curtirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Pugnaso,curtirostris,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1872)", 155073,Doryrhamphus janssi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryrhamphus,janssi,,,,,"(Herald & Randall, 1972)", 65366061,Doryrhamphus bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryrhamphus,bicarinatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1981", 65366046,Doryrhamphus aurolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryrhamphus,aurolineatus,,,,,"Randall & Earle, 1994", 65374676,Syngnathus euchrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,euchrous,,,,,"Fritzsche, 1980","Syngnathus euchrous is thought to comprise two subspecies: S. euchrous euchrous and S. euchrous ollotropis. The physical difference between the two is in number of dorsal rays, tail rings and rings covering their brood pouch (S. e. euchrous having slightly more rays and rings). In regards to range and habitat, S. e. euchrous is found in the northern part of the species’ range, off rocky shores; while S. e. ollotropis is found in the southern part of the range, in eelgrass beds and drifting algae. The separation point between the two varieties is between Punta Eugenia and Bahia Tortugas, Baja California, Mexico. Syngnathus euchrous is also closely related to S. leptorhynchus (Fritzsche 1980)." 65374622,Syngnathus californiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,californiensis,,,,,"Storer, 1845", 183512,Syngnathus macrobrachium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,macrobrachium,,,,,"Fritzsche, 1980",The Order for this Family has changed from Syngnathiformes to Gasterosteiformes (Nelson 2006). 65374952,Syngnathus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Duncker, 1915", 65374916,Syngnathus leptorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,leptorhynchus,,,,,"Girard, 1854","Further DNA data could provide greater detail on whether the southern population is in fact a separate species (in which case the name Syngnathus griseolineatus would be resurrected for that purpose).

Due to the large range of distribution of Syngnathus leptorhynchus, scientists are debating whether there is a single species of Bay Pipefish or several subspecies. Genetic evidence suggests that the southern population has been separated (with a biogeographic boundary near Point Conception, CA) from the northern populations for a significant period of time, although there is not enough evidence to conclude that the southern population is a genetically distinct species from the northern populations (Wilson 2006). The northern population ranges from Alaska to Monterey Bay, California, and the southern population from Morro Bay, CA to its southern extent in Baja California, Mexico (Wilson 2006)." 65374735,Syngnathus exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,exilis,,,,,"(Osburn & Nichols, 1916)", 41030,Syngnathus watermeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,watermeyeri,,,,,"Smith, 1963", 65374787,Syngnathus folletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,folletti,,,,,"Herald, 1942", 183743,Syngnathus auliscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,auliscus,,,,,"(Swain, 1882)", 65374877,Syngnathus insulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,insulae,,,,,"Fritzsche, 1980", 183461,Syngnathus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,carinatus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)",The Order for this Family has changed from Syngnathiformes to Gasterosteiformes (Nelson 2006) 65369305,Kyonemichthys rumengani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Kyonemichthys,rumengani,,,,,"Gomon, 2007", 65375571,Vanacampus phillipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Vanacampus,phillipi,,,,,"(Lucas, 1891)", 65375519,Vanacampus margaritifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Vanacampus,margaritifer,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 65375703,Vanacampus poecilolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Vanacampus,poecilolaemus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 65370664,Micrognathus crinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Micrognathus,crinitus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 65368238,Histiogamphelus briggsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Histiogamphelus,briggsii,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914", 65368242,Histiogamphelus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Histiogamphelus,cristatus,,,,,(Macleay 1881), 17096,Phycodurus eques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Phycodurus,eques,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)","Synonym = Phycodurus glauerti Whitley, 1939." 65370433,Maroubra perserrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Maroubra,perserrata,,,,,"Whitley, 1948", 65370481,Maroubra yasudai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Maroubra,yasudai,,,,,"Dawson, 1983", 65368181,Hippocampus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,paradoxus,,,,,"Foster & Gomon, 2010", 154617,Bryx veleronis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bryx,veleronis,,,,,"Herald, 1940", 65369241,Kimblaeus bassensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Kimblaeus,bassensis,,,,,"Dawson, 1980", 40715,Syngnathoides biaculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathoides,biaculeatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1785)",
20318,Solegnathus spinosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Solegnathus,spinosissimus,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 20317,Solegnathus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Solegnathus,robustus,,,,,"McCulloch, 1911",
20314,Solegnathus dunckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Solegnathus,dunckeri,,,,,"Whitley, 1927", 20316,Solegnathus lettiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Solegnathus,lettiensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860","Kuiter (2000) regarded the Indonesian and Western Australian forms of S. lettiensis to be separate species. According to his taxonomy, the Indonesian form retains the original name Solegnathus lettiensis Bleeker, 1860 (the type was from Indonesia), and the Western Australian form should be classified as Solegnathus guentheri Duncker, 1915. Pogonoski et al. (2002) treated the two forms as one species, citing that the only difference described by Kuiter (2000) was colour pattern. The two forms are treated here as one species." 20315,Solegnathus hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Solegnathus,hardwickii,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","Preliminary investigations into the taxonomy of this species suggest that the true Solegnathus hardwickii is restricted to the South China Sea and Japan (the type specimen is from China). It has been suggested that there may be two undescribed species, one distributed on the east coast and the other on the west coast of Australia (Kuiter 2000). Until the taxonomy is resolved, we have treated Solegnathus hardwickii as one species which occurs in all the areas mentioned below." 65375137,Trachyrhamphus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Trachyrhamphus,longirostris,,,,,"Kaup, 1856", 13391,Microphis caudocarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,caudocarinatus,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 65367054,Dunckerocampus naia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Dunckerocampus,naia,,,,,"Allen & Kuiter, 2004","Various authors ascribe the name Dunckerocampus to either a separate genus (Kuiter 2000, 2009) or as a subgenus of Doryrhamphus (Dawson 1985). Dunckerocampus is treated here as a separate genus.

Dunckerocampus naia is likely a synonym of D. dactyliophorus. The species was described as different based on the colour pattern on the caudal fin, with very little in the way of morphological comparisons between the two (Allen and Kuiter 2004). Further morphological and molecular work are needed in order to clarify the taxonomic status of this species, but until further analyses are undertaken the species is treated as valid." 65370051,Lissocampus caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Lissocampus,caudalis,,,,,"Waite & Hale, 1921", 65370218,Lissocampus filum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Lissocampus,filum,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 65372732,Phoxocampus diacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Phoxocampus,diacanthus,,,,,"(Schultz, 1943)", 65372675,Phoxocampus belcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Phoxocampus,belcheri,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 65372876,Phoxocampus tetrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Phoxocampus,tetrophthalmus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 65374464,Siokunichthys southwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Siokunichthys,southwelli,,,,,"(Duncker, 1910)", 65374417,Siokunichthys herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Siokunichthys,herrei,,,,,"Herald, 1953", 65374540,Siokunichthys striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Siokunichthys,striatus,,,,,"Fricke, 2004", 65374110,Siokunichthys breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Siokunichthys,breviceps,,,,,"Smith, 1963", 154629,Siokunichthys nigrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Siokunichthys,nigrolineatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1983", 65374054,Siokunichthys bentuviai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Siokunichthys,bentuviai,,,,,"Clark, 1966", 65368756,Hypselognathus horridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hypselognathus,horridus,,,,,"Dawson & Glover, 1982", 65368759,Hypselognathus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hypselognathus,rostratus,,,,,"(Waite & Hale, 1921)", 65367566,Halicampus brocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,brocki,,,,,"(Herald, 1953)", 65367935,Halicampus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,punctatus,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1952)", 65367996,Halicampus zavorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,zavorensis,,,,,"Dawson, 1984", 65367590,Halicampus grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,grayi,,,,,"Kaup, 1856", 65367461,Halicampus boothae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,boothae,,,,,"(Whitley, 1964)", 65367581,Halicampus edmondsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,edmondsoni,,,,,"(Pietschmann, 1928)", 65367942,Halicampus spinirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,spinirostris,,,,,"(Dawson & Allen, 1981)", 65367574,Halicampus dunckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,dunckeri,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1929)", 17177,Phyllopteryx taeniolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Phyllopteryx,taeniolatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1804)", 65367328,Festucalex scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,scalaris,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 65367204,Festucalex erythraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,erythraeus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 65367300,Festucalex gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,gibbsi,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 65367195,Festucalex cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,cinctus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1882)", 65367303,Festucalex kulbickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,kulbickii,,,,,"Fricke, 2004", 65367318,Festucalex prolixus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,prolixus,,,,,"Dawson, 1984", 65372036,Nannocampus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Nannocampus,elegans,,,,,"Smith, 1953", 65367453,Filicampus tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Filicampus,tigris,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1879)", 65373233,Pseudophallus elcapitanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Pseudophallus,elcapitanensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1914)", 65373357,Pseudophallus starksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Pseudophallus,starksii,,,,,"(Jordan & Culver, 1895)", 65403235,Microphis jagorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,jagorii,,,,,"Peters, 1868",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Oostethus to be a subgenus of Microphis based on morphology and meristics. Kottelat (2013) resurrected Oostethus with no annotation or justification. 65403327,Microphis pleurostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,pleurostictus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Oostethus to be a subgenus of Microphis based on morphology and meristics. Kottelat (2013) resurrected Oostethus with no annotation or justification. 8407,Eurypegasus draconis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,PEGASIDAE,Eurypegasus,draconis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 67630989,Erythrolamprus zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,zweifeli,,,,,"(Roze, 1959)",The population in Trinidad currently referred to this species may represent a distinct form. 67631211,Pseudoeryx relictualis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoeryx,relictualis,,,,,"Schargel, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Barros, Péfaur & Navarette, 2007", 67656595,Gymnophthalmus cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gymnophthalmus,cryptus,,,,,"Hoogmoed, Cole & Ayarzaguena, 1992", 67657002,Gymnophthalmus leucomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gymnophthalmus,leucomystax,,,,,"Vanzolini & Carvalho, 1991", 67657116,Riolama leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riolama,leucosticta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 67657395,Riolama luridiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riolama,luridiventris,,,,,"Esqueda, La Marca & Praderio, 2004", 67657406,Riolama uzzelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riolama,uzzelli,,,,,"Molina & Señaris, 2003", 67657437,Amerotyphlops lehneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,lehneri,,,,,"(Roux, 1926)", 67662524,Lampropeltis californiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,californiae,,,,,"(Blainville, 1835)","A combination of genetic analysis, divergence time estimates and ecological niche modelling identified five discrete clades within Lampropeltis getula, which did not correspond to recognized subspecific divisions (Pyron and Burbrink 2009a). Accordingly Pyron and Burbrink (2009b) subsequently revised the systematics of L. getula, elevating L. splendida and L. californiae to specific status, redefining and elevating the former subspecies L. nigra and L. holbrooki, and synonymizing remaining subspecies (L. g. floridiana and L. g. meansi) within a monotypic L. getula. Pyron and Burbrink (2009b) also confirmed the previously recognized synonymy of L. g. goini and L. g. sticticeps within L. getula." 67662588,Lampropeltis getula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,getula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","A combination of genetic analysis, divergence time estimates and ecological niche modelling identified five discrete clades within Lampropeltis getula, which did not correspond to recognized subspecific divisions (Pyron and Burbrink 2009a). Accordingly Pyron and Burbink (2009b) subsequently revised the systematics of L. getula, elevating L. splendida and L. californiae to specific status, redefining and elevating the former subspecies L. nigra and L. holbrooki, and synonymizing remaining subspecies (L. g. floridiana and L. g. meansi) within a monotypic L. getula. Pyron and Burbrink (2009b) also confirmed the previously recognized synonymy of L. g. goini and L. g. sticticeps within L. getula." 67662850,Lampropeltis elapsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,elapsoides,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1838)", 67662914,Lampropeltis holbrooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,holbrooki,,,,,"Stejneger, 1902","A combination of genetic analysis, divergence time estimates and ecological niche modelling identified five discrete clades within Lampropeltis getula, which did not correspond to recognized subspecific divisions (Pyron and Burbrink 2009a). Accordingly Pyron and Burbink (2009b) subsequently revised the systematics of L. getula, elevating L. splendida and L. californiae to specific status, redefining and elevating the former subspecies L. nigra and L. holbrooki, and synonymizing remaining subspecies (L. g. floridiana and L. g. meansi) within a monotypic L. getula. Pyron and Burbrink (2009b) also confirmed the previously recognized synonymy of L. g. goini and L. g. sticticeps within L. getula." 67662944,Tricheilostoma dimidiatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tricheilostoma,dimidiatum,,,,,"(Jan, 1861)", 56062792,Liolaemus curicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,curicensis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1938","Based on an examination of the types, Pincheira-Donoso and Nuñez (2005) synonymized Liolaemus hernani within L. curicensis, a decision upheld in a review of recent taxonomic changes within Liolaemidae by Lobo et al. (2010)." 55710,Litoria becki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,becki,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1945)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012).

This species is part of a taxonomically poorly defined group of frogs (R. Zweifel pers. comm.)." 20433442,Pseudocaranx dinjerra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Pseudocaranx,dinjerra,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Jelks, 2006",This species is easily confused with Pseudocaranx georgianus and P. dentex (Smith-Vaniz and Jelks 2006). 20436632,Trachinotus botla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,botla,,,,,"(Shaw, 1803)", 20430510,Caranx bucculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,bucculentus,,,,,"Alleyne & Macleay, 1877", 20437665,Trachurus declivis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,declivis,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1841)", 20437678,Trachurus delagoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,delagoa,,,,,"Nekrasov, 1970", 20437454,Trachinotus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,marginatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1832", 20249860,Caesio suevica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,suevica,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1884", 20251407,Pterocaesio capricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Pterocaesio,capricornis,,,,,"Smith & Smith, 1963", 20437783,Trachurus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,japonicus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)", 20431506,Decapterus koheru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,koheru,,,,,"(Hector, 1875)",The genus of Decapterus koheru is under revision (Smith-Vaniz 2015). 20433543,Pseudocaranx wrighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Pseudocaranx,wrighti,,,,,"(Whitley, 1931)",This species can be easily confused with Pseudocaranx georgianus (Smith-Vaniz 2008). 20249586,Caesio striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,striata,,,,,"Rüppell, 1830", 20437880,Trachurus longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachurus,longimanus,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 20431513,Decapterus kurroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,kurroides,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855",The taxonomy of this species has recently been clarified by (Kimura et al. 2013). 20436417,Trachinotus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,africanus,,,,,"Smith, 1967", 20431493,Decapterus akaadsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,akaadsi,,,,,"Abe, 1958",This species has been referred to as Decapterus kurroides in the past (Kimura et al. 2013). 20433018,Pseudocaranx chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Pseudocaranx,chilensis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)",This species has been misidentified as Pseudocaranx dentex in the past (Dyer and Westneat 2010). 67851665,Saurida flamma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,flamma,,,,,"Waples, 1982",Saurida flamma was separated from S. gracilis on the basis of morphological characters (Waples 1981). 67852269,Saurida gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,gracilis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 67852930,Saurida nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,nebulosa,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850","This species is often wrongly identified as Saurida gracilis (Russell 1999). Therefore, the exact distribution of this species requires confirmation." 67853143,Synodus binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,binotatus,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 67853294,Synodus capricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,capricornis,,,,,"Cressey & Randall, 1978", 67853390,Synodus dermatogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,dermatogenys,,,,,"Fowler, 1912","This species has been misidentified by most recent authors as Synodus variegatus (Randall 2005). The type locality of this species is Hawaii, but it has been widely reported throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Therefore, the exact distribution of this species needs to be verified. Synodus amaranthus, described by Waples and Randall (1988), is now considered a junior synonym of S. dermatogenys (Randall 2007)." 67853408,Synodus doaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,doaki,,,,,"Russell & Cressey, 1979","This species has been widely mis-identified in the literature. Two paratypes of S. doaki taken by trawl off coast of Kenya are missing from the Smithsonian fish collection and presumed lost, but it is likely that these specimens are S. randalli (Randall 2009).The specimen identified as S. doaki from the Red Sea by Baranes and Golani (1993) was re-identified as S. randalli (Randall 2009). The specimens recorded from Easter Island by Randall (2005) were determined to represent a new species, S. isolatus (Randall 2009) and those reported from Hawaii by Waples and Randall (1988), Mundy (2005), and Randall (2007) were determined to represent a new species, S. mundyi (Randall 2009)." 67853416,Synodus falcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,falcatus,,,,,"Waples & Randall, 1989","Synodus janus, described by Waples and Randall (1988) from a single specimen collected from Hawai'i Island, is likely a synonym of S. falcatus (Randall 2007)." 67853432,Synodus hoshinonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,hoshinonis,,,,,"Tanaka, 1917","Synodus hoshinonis is part of a species complex, which includes S. tectus, S. similis and S. indicus, and may have been misidentified." 67853451,Synodus jaculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,jaculum,,,,,"Russell & Cressey, 1979", 67853562,Synodus kaianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,kaianus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 67854163,Synodus lobeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,lobeli,,,,,"Waples & Randall, 1989","Records of Synodus lobeli from Taiwan and southern Japan were based on another species, S. orientalis (Randall and Pyle 2008)." 67854712,Synodus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,macrocephalus,,,,,"Cressey, 1981",This species has been previously confused with S. macrops (Cressey 1981). The replacement name S. cresseyi proposed by Prokofiev (2008) for S. macrocephalis is invalid (Ho et al. 2010). 67855065,Synodus mundyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,mundyi,,,,,"Randall, 2009",This species was recently separated from Synodus doaki and described as a valid species known only from the Hawaiian Islands (Randall 2009). 67855363,Synodus oculeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,oculeus,,,,,"Cressey, 1981", 67855886,Synodus pylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,pylei,,,,,"Randall, 2009", 67855905,Synodus rubromarmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,rubromarmoratus,,,,,"Russell & Cressey, 1979", 67855917,Synodus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,similis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1921","This species has previously been confused with Synodus hoshinonis, but was regarded as distinct by Cressey (1981)." 67855975,Synodus tectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,tectus,,,,,"Cressey, 1981", 67856047,Synodus ulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,ulae,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 67856062,Synodus usitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,usitatus,,,,,"Cressey, 1981", 67856085,Synodus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,variegatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)","The name Synodus variegatus was wrongly used for nearly two centuries by many authors (Randall 2007). This species has been confused with S. dermatogenys and S. ulae (Waples and Randall 1988). Cressey (1981) considered S. dermatogenys to be a synonym of S. variegatus, but Waples and Randall (1988) regarded both of these species as distinct." 5325,Emblemariopsis tayrona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,tayrona,,,,,"(Acero, 1987)", 18374,Protemblemaria punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Protemblemaria,punctata,,,,,Cervigón 1966, 190328,Sphoeroides yergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Sphoeroides,yergeri,,,,,"Shipp, 1972","The genus Sphoeroides may be paraphyletic, and is in need of revision (Amaral et al. 2013)." 191828,Lupinoblennius nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Lupinoblennius,nicholsi,,,,,"(Tavolga, 1954)", 194087,Emblemariopsis carib,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemariopsis,carib,,,,,"Victor, 2010",Emblemariopsis carib was recently described as a distinct species from Emblemariopsis signifer (Victor 2010). 194907,Starksia springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,springeri,,,,,"Castillo & Baldwin, 2011","Starksia springeri has been recently described. It was originally known as S. atlantica, now shown to be a species complex comprised of S. atlantica, (known from Bahamas and Turks and Caicos), S. sangreyae (Belize) and S. springeri (Curacao) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 194910,Starksia williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,williamsi,,,,,"Baldwin & Castillo, 2011","Starksia williamsi has been only recently described. It was previously known as S. lepicoelia, now known to be a species complex comprised of: S. lepicoelia (known from Bahamas and Turks and Caicos), S. weigti (Belize),  S. williamsi (Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles), and S. robertsoni (Panama) (Baldwin et al. 2011)." 47141354,Acanthemblemaria harpeza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,harpeza,,,,,"Williams, 2002", 47141712,Acanthemblemaria paula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Acanthemblemaria,paula,,,,,"Johnson & Brothers, 1989", 47142939,Emblemaria diphyodontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHAENOPSIDAE,Emblemaria,diphyodontis,,,,,"Stephens & Cervigón, 1970", 47143476,Myxodagnus belone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Myxodagnus,belone,,,,,"Böhlke, 1968", 47144957,Starksia rava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,rava,,,,,"Williams & Mounts, 2003", 49437996,Enneanectes matador,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,matador,,,,,"Victor, 2013","Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014). This species was recently split from E. boehlkei (Victor 2013). Enneanectes flavus replaces E. matador in Venezuela, Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Tobago and up to St. Vincent, and both species occur at St. Vincent (Victor 2019)." 49438012,Enneanectes deloachorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,deloachorum,,,,,"Victor, 2013",Many of the currently valid Enneanectes spp. are likely species complexes (J. Williams pers. comm. 2014).This species was recently split from E. boehlkei (Victor 2013). 67963974,Gaidropsarus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Gaidropsarus,guttatus,,,,,"(Collett, 1890)", 67964123,Lasiognathus amphirhamphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Lasiognathus,amphirhamphus,,,,,"Pietsch, 2005", 67964394,Leptoderma macrophthalmum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Leptoderma,macrophthalmum,,,,,"Byrkjedal, Poulsen & Galbraith, 2011", 67965222,Oneirodes anisacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,anisacanthus,,,,,"(Regan, 1925)", 67965706,Oneirodes posti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,posti,,,,,"Bertelsen & Grobecker, 1980", 67966147,Paraliparis nigellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,nigellus,,,,,"Chernova & Møller, 2008", 67966197,Protogrammus sousai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Protogrammus,sousai,,,,,"(Maul, 1972)", 67966291,Scorpaena canariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,canariensis,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)", 68001146,Calumia profunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Calumia,profunda,,,,,"Larson & Hoese, 1980", 29364,Stenocercus fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,fimbriatus,,,,,"Avila-Pires, 1995",Was under Iguanidae. 29478,Potamites juruazensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Potamites,juruazensis,,,,,"(Avila-Pires & Vitt, 1998)", 68045211,Lampropeltis knoblochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,knoblochi,,,,,"Taylor, 1940", 68045250,Lampropeltis pyromelana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,pyromelana,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 68045356,Lampropeltis splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,splendida,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)","A combination of genetic analysis, divergence time estimates and ecological niche modelling identified five discrete clades within Lampropeltis getula, which did not correspond to recognized subspecific divisions (Pyron and Burbrink 2009a). Accordingly Pyron and Burbink (2009b) subsequently revised the systematics of L. getula, elevating L. splendida and L. californiae to specific status, redefining and elevating the former subspecies L. nigra and L. holbrooki, and synonymizing remaining subspecies (L. g. floridiana and L. g. meansi) within a monotypic L. getula. Pyron and Burbrink (2009b) also confirmed the previously recognized synonymy of L. g. goini and L. g. sticticeps within L. getula." 68049597,Riama yumborum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,yumborum,,,,,"Aguirre-Peñafiel, Torres-Carvajal, Sales Nunes, Peck & Maddock, 2014", 177436,Philodryas livida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,livida,,,,,"(Amaral, 1923)", 68282959,Acyrtus lanthanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Acyrtus,lanthanum,,,,,"Conway, Baldwin & White, 2014", 68283383,Halieutichthys bispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutichthys,bispinosus,,,,,"Ho, Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2010",This species was described from the Halieutichthys aculeatus species complex (Ho et al. 2010). 66390759,Stumpffia miery,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,miery,,,,,"Ndriantsoa, Riemann, Vences, Klages, Raminosoa, Rödel & Glos, 2013", 64143,Sceloporus serrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,serrifer,,,,,"Cope, 1866","US populations long were known as Sceloporus cyanogenys, until Olson (1987) concluded that cyanogenys and serrifer are conspecific. Olson recognized four subspecies of S. serrifer: serrifer, plioporus, prezygus, and cyanogenys (carniceps was rejected as invalid). Sceloporus serrifer cyanogenys and S. serrifer plioporus appear to intergrade in a band across southern Tamaulipas through southmost Nuevo Leon and central San Luis Potosi (Olson 1987). In contrast, DNA data presented by Weins and Reeder (1997) suggest that serrifer and cyanogenys may not be closely related; however, the authors acknowledged that this might be ""an artefact of weak support."" Further study is needed to clarify the relationships among serrifer, cyanogenys, and other apparently related species. The inclusion of S. prezygus as a subspecies was supported by the finding by Stuart (1970) that this form exhibits apparently random variation across its range and cannot reliably be distinguished from other populations thought to intergrade with S. serrifer. This arrangement is still followed by some authorities (e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2010, Wiens et al. 2010), however other recent work has considered S. prezygus a full species, albeit of questionable or uncertain status (Sites et al. 1992, Wiens and Reeder 1997), and this is the approach followed in the most recent regional and taxonomic species lists (Bell et al. 2003, Wilson et al. 2010). Wiens et al. (2010) found that S. s. prezygus is the closest relative of S. s. serrifer, however this analysis of higher-level relationships in the genus did not discuss this finding and so the appropriate status of this taxon requires further clarification. S. prezygus is here provisionally treated as full species." 62240,Thamnophis sirtalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Thamnophis,sirtalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 68308810,Hirundichthys volador,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Hirundichthys,volador,,,,,"(Jordan, 1884)","The H. rondeletii superspecies complex of the subgenus Danichthys is now recognized as containing four allopatric species: H. volador (western Atlantic), H. rondeletii (Mediterranean), H. gilberti (northern Pacific), and H. rufipinnis (Southern Hemisphere). The other two species, Hirundichthys marginatus (eastern tropical Pacific) and H. albimaculatus (west & central Pacific) are both distinct species in the subgenus, but are not part of the rondeletii superspecies complex (Parin and Belyanina 2002)." 68308851,Liopropoma santi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,santi,,,,,"Baldwin & Robertson, 2014",The generic assignment of the new species to Liopropoma is tentative pending the results of an extensive genetic and morphological study of the Serranidae family currently in progress (Baldwin and Johnson 2014). 68308842,Liopropoma olneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,olneyi,,,,,"Baldwin & Johnson, 2014",The generic assignment of the new species to Liopropoma is tentative pending the results of an extensive genetic and morphological study of the Serranidae family currently in progress (Baldwin and Johnson 2014). 68308968,Stegastes xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,xanthurus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Ongoing genetic studies indicate that populations from Brazil and the Caribbean represent two different species (Smith-Vaniz and Jelks 2014, Rocha et al. in prep)." 68309086,Elacatinus cayman,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,cayman,,,,,"Victor, 2014",This species was recently described as distinct from the very similar E. evelynae and E. genie based on results from DNA barcoding (Victor 2014). 68309114,Tigrigobius harveyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tigrigobius,harveyi,,,,,"Victor, 2014",This species was recently described based on results from DNA barcoding (Victor 2014) and resembles T. multifasciatus. 68309149,Elacatinus centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Elacatinus,centralis,,,,,"Victor, 2014",This species was recently described based on results from DNA barcoding. It had been considered to be conspecific with E. horsti and also closely resembles E. louisae (a sympatric species) in appearance (Victor 2014). 68326478,Amblyeleotris japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,japonica,,,,,"Takagi, 1957", 68326585,Ancistrogobius yanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ancistrogobius,yanoi,,,,,"Shibukawa, Yoshino & Allen, 2010", 68326872,Arcygobius baliurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Arcygobius,baliurus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 68327714,Arenigobius leftwichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Arenigobius,leftwichi,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1910)","It is unclear if the species belongs to the genus Arenigobius, Amoya or Acentrogobius (H.K. Larson and D.F. Hoese pers. comm. 2015).  It is a good (valid) species." 68328081,Austrolethops wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Austrolethops,wardi,,,,,"Whitley, 1935", 68328401,Bryaninops isis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,isis,,,,,"Larson, 1985", 68328587,Cabillus lacertops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cabillus,lacertops,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 68329106,Cryptocentrus shigensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,shigensis,,,,,"Kuroda, 1956", 68329253,Ctenogobiops crocineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobiops,crocineus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 68329324,Eviota deminuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,deminuta,,,,,"Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013", 68329463,Eviota dorsimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,dorsimaculata,,,,,"Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013", 68329587,Eviota hinanoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,hinanoae,,,,,"Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013", 68329682,Eviota irrasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,irrasa,,,,,"Karnella & Lachner, 1981", 68329725,Eviota lacrimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,lacrimae,,,,,"Sunobe, 1988", 68329804,Eviota lacrimosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,lacrimosa,,,,,"Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013", 68329897,Eviota occasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,occasa,,,,,"Greenfield, Winterbottom & Suzuki, 2014", 68329954,Eviota piperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,piperata,,,,,"Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2014", 68330082,Exyrias ferrarisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Exyrias,ferrarisi,,,,,"Murdy, 1985", 68330244,Fusigobius longispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Fusigobius,longispinus,,,,,"Goren, 1978", 68330332,Gladiogobius brevispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gladiogobius,brevispinis,,,,,"Shibukawa & Allen, 2007", 68330520,Gnatholepis ophthalmotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gnatholepis,ophthalmotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 68330671,Gobiodon albofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,albofasciatus,,,,,"Sawada & Arai, 1972",This species may be a synonym of Gobiodon heterospilos (Shibukawa et al. 2013). 68330723,Gobiodon ceramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,ceramensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 68330883,Gobiodon erythrospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,erythrospilus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1875", 68330952,Gobiodon heterospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,heterospilos,,,,,"Bleeker, 1856", 68331297,Gobiodon multilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,multilineatus,,,,,"Wu, 1979", 68332134,Gobiodon oculolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,oculolineatus,,,,,"Wu, 1979", 68332344,Koumansetta hectori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Koumansetta,hectori,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)","This species may belong in a separate genus, Amblygobius. " 68332472,Koumansetta rainfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Koumansetta,rainfordi,,,,,"Whitley, 1940",This species may belong in the genus Amblygobius (H. Larson pers. comm. 2016). 68332598,Oxyurichthys microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)",This species has been confused with Oxyurichthys nuchalis in east Africa. 68332934,Paratrypauchen microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Paratrypauchen,microcephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 68332983,Pleurosicya labiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,labiata,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 68333054,Priolepis akihitoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,akihitoi,,,,,"Hoese & Larson, 2010",The single specimen from Shark Bay differs in a some features including color differences noted above and in having cycloid scales on the nape and operculum. Counts agree with other specimens of the species. The specimens may represent a separate species and are not included in the type series (Hoese and Larson 2010). 68333124,Redigobius dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,dispar,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 68333211,Tomiyamichthys alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tomiyamichthys,alleni,,,,,"Iwata, Ohnishi & Hirata, 2000", 68333251,Trimma caudipunctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,caudipunctatum,,,,,"Suzuki & Senou, 2009", 68333279,Trimma naudei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,naudei,,,,,"Smith, 1957", 55733,Litoria lutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,lutea,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 55750,Litoria quadrilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,quadrilineata,,,,,"Tyler & Parker, 1974", 55760,Litoria wisselensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,wisselensis,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)", 68369199,Melogale cucphuongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Melogale,cucphuongensis,,,,,"Nadler, Streicher, Stefen, Schwierz & Roos, 2011","Nadler et al. (2011) described a new ferret badger species, Melogale cucphuongensis, based on a single museum specimen and photographs of a second animal. They indicated its morphological and genetic distinction from the other two Melogale species traditionally recognised from the region, M. personata and M. moschata. But they did not evaluate the animals with respect to the various earlier names currently in synonymy for this genus. The name is thus here used provisionally pending the necessary investigations." 68377310,Gobitrichinotus radiocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KRAEMERIIDAE,Gobitrichinotus,radiocularis,,,,,"Fowler, 1943", 68377344,Kraemeria bryani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KRAEMERIIDAE,Kraemeria,bryani,,,,,"Schultz, 1941", 68377359,Kraemeria cunicularia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KRAEMERIIDAE,Kraemeria,cunicularia,,,,,"Rofen, 1958", 68383670,Microcanthus strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Microcanthus,strigatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 68396826,Equulites leuciscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Equulites,leuciscus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 68447744,Lamprochrus hedyotinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Lamprochrus,hedyotinus,,,,,"Decelle in Decelle & Voss, 1972", 66185840,Primnia sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Primnia,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(Stål, 1861)", 66188228,Tinaria calcarata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Tinaria,calcarata,,,,,"(Stål, 1861)", 66181357,Limnophora helenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MUSCIDAE,Limnophora,helenae,,,,,"Pont, 1977", 66187676,Elachista trifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,ELACHISTIDAE,Elachista,trifasciata,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1879)", 66222078,Zovax whiteheadii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Zovax,whiteheadii,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1879)", 66186855,Scopula separata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Scopula,separata,,,,,"(Walker, 1875)", 66180323,Homoeosoma privata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PYRALIDAE,Homoeosoma,privata,,,,,"Walker, 1875", 65880795,Anthicodes fragilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHICIDAE,Anthicodes,fragilis,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 65880793,Anthicodes maculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ANTHICIDAE,Anthicodes,maculatus,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 66182942,Mellissius eudoxus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mellissius,eudoxus,,,,,"Wollaston, 1877", 66182938,Mellissius oryctoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Mellissius,oryctoides,,,,,"Decelle, 1972", 51364319,Lestes australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,australis,,,,,"Walker, 1952", 57388,Boophis andohahela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,andohahela,,,,,"Andreone, Nincheri & Piazza, 1995", 57420,Boophis periegetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,periegetes,,,,,"Cadle, 1995", 57427,Boophis schuboeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,schuboeae,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 2002", 57480,Gephyromantis enki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,enki,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 2002)", 57519,Blommersia sarotra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,sarotra,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 2002)", 57390,Boophis anjanaharibeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,anjanaharibeensis,,,,,"Andreone, 1996", 68568328,Boophis ankarafensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,ankarafensis,,,,,"Penny, Andreone, Crottini, Holderied, Rakotizafy, Schwitzer & Rosa, 2014 ", 68603351,Atractus emigdioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,emigdioi,,,,,"Gonzales-Sponga, 1971", 68603427,Chironius spixii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,spixii,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1845)", 84784918,Aetomylaeus nichofii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Aetomylaeus,nichofii,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",Aetomylaeus caerulofasciatus has recently been described as distinct from the wider-ranging Indo-West Pacific A. nichofii (White et al. 2015). 60121,Aetomylaeus vespertilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Aetomylaeus,vespertilio,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",This species is poorly represented in collections. The lack of specimens has caused some nomenclatural problems that have not been fully resolved. Older scientific names may apply to earlier growth stages of this species. 161597,Alopias pelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,ALOPIIDAE,Alopias,pelagicus,,,,,"Nakamura, 1935", 63119,Amblyraja hyperborea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,hyperborea,,,,,(Collett 1879),"This species can be confused with other Amblyraja species with different distributions, such as Amblyraja georgiana (M. Stehmann pers. comm). In the northwest Atlantic, it is easily confused with Jensen' s skate (A. jenseni). Refer to Bigelow and Shroeder (1953), Jensen (1948) and Stehman and Burkel (1984)." 41718,Apristurus albisoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,albisoma,,,,,"Nakaya & Séret, 1999", 42701,Apristurus ampliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,ampliceps,,,,,"Sasahara, Sato & Nakaya, 2008",
42703,Apristurus bucephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,bucephalus,,,,,"White, Last & Pogonoski, 2008",
44217,Apristurus longicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,longicephalus,,,,,"Nakaya, 1975", 161596,Aptychotrema rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Aptychotrema,rostrata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)", 60179,Aptychotrema timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Aptychotrema,timorensis,,,,,"Last, 2004", 44186,Aptychotrema vincentiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Aptychotrema,vincentiana,,,,,"(Haacke, 1885)","Last and Stevens (2009) suggest that there are subtle shape differences between populations in the southwest of Western Australia compared to those in the northwest of Western Australia (the Pilbara region). They also suggest that habitat differences exist, with those in the north being found found well offshore, while those in the south are found near the shore. This warrants further investigation." 41720,Asymbolus analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,analis,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1885)", 41721,Asymbolus funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,funebris,,,,,"Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999", 41722,Asymbolus occiduus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,occiduus,,,,,"Last, Gomon & Gledhill, 1999", 41723,Asymbolus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,pallidus,,,,,"Last, Gomon & Gledhill, 1999", 41724,Asymbolus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,parvus,,,,,"Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999", 41725,Asymbolus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,rubiginosus,,,,,"Last, Gomon & Gledhill, 1999", 41726,Asymbolus submaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,submaculatus,,,,,"Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999", 41727,Asymbolus vincenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,vincenti,,,,,"(Zietz, 1908)", 41728,Atelomycterus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Atelomycterus,fasciatus,,,,,"Compagno & Stevens, 1993", 41729,Atelomycterus macleayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Atelomycterus,macleayi,,,,,"Whitley, 1939", 161434,Atelomycterus marnkalha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Atelomycterus,marnkalha,,,,,"Jacobsen & Bennett, 2007", 41731,Aulohalaelurus labiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Aulohalaelurus,labiosus,,,,,"(Waite, 1905)", 161387,Bathyraja ishiharai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,ishiharai,,,,,"Stehmann, 2005", 39335,Brachaelurus colcloughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,BRACHAELURIDAE,Brachaelurus,colcloughi,,,,,"Ogilby, 1908", 41732,Brachaelurus waddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,BRACHAELURIDAE,Brachaelurus,waddi,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 44171,Bythaelurus incanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,incanus,,,,,"Last & Stevens, 2008",Originally placed under genus Halaelurus and subgenus Bythaelurus. Bythaelurus has now been elevated to generic level. 41743,Callorhinchus milii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CALLORHINCHIDAE,Callorhinchus,milii,,,,,"Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823", 40797,Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,amblyrhynchoides,,,,,"(Whitley, 1934)", 41733,Carcharhinus cautus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,cautus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1945)", 70680197,Carcharhinus dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,dussumieri,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)","Carcharhinus dussumieri is part of the Carcharhinus seali-dussumieri group that has been revealed to consist of five species: C. dussumieri and C. sealei have recently been re-described, C. coatesi and C. tjutjot have been resurrected as valid species, and a new species, C. humani has been described (White 2012, White and Weigmann 2014)." 41735,Carcharhinus fitzroyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,fitzroyensis,,,,,"(Whitley, 1943)", 41738,Carcharhinus sealei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,sealei,,,,,"(Pietschmann, 1913)","Carcharhinus sealei is part of the Carcharhinus seali-dussumieri group that has been revealed to consist of five species: C. dussumieri and C. sealei have recently been re-described, C. coatesi and C. tjutjot have been resurrected as valid species, and a new species, C. humani has been described (White 2012, White and Weigmann 2014)." 41739,Carcharhinus tilstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,tilstoni,,,,,"(Whitley, 1950)", 41740,Centrophorus harrissoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,harrissoni,,,,,"McCulloch, 1915", 42838,Centrophorus moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,moluccensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 41871,Centrophorus squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,squamosus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 195485,Centrophorus westraliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,westraliensis,,,,,"White, Ebert & Compagno, 2008","White, Ebert, and Compagno (2008) described the Western Gulper Shark (Centrophorus westraliensis) in 2008, as it previously had been considered to be synonymous with Centrophorous harrissoni McCulloch, 1915." 41746,Centroscyllium kamoharai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Centroscyllium,kamoharai,,,,,"Abe, 1966", 41749,Centroscymnus owstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Centroscymnus,owstonii,,,,,"Garman, 1906", 46864,Centroselachus crepidater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Centroselachus,crepidater,,,,,(Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello 1864), 42706,Cephaloscyllium albipinnum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,albipinnum,,,,,"Last, Motomura & White, 2008", 174145,Cephaloscyllium cooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,cooki,,,,,"Last, Séret & White, 2008", 195422,Cephaloscyllium hiscosellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,hiscosellum,,,,,"White & Ebert, 2008","

The Reticulate Swellshark (Cephaloscyllium hiscosellum) was considered by Last and Stevens (1994) to be conspecific with C. fasciatum Chan, 1966. White and Ebert (2008), however, described it as a distinct species, which is endemic to northwestern Australia.

" 41753,Cephaloscyllium laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,laticeps,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)", 181361,Cephaloscyllium signourum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,signourum,,,,,"Last, Séret & White, 2008","

The Flagtail Swellshark (Cephaloscyllium signourum) was described by Last et al. (2008) and was previously referred to in part as Cephaloscyllium sp. E in Last and Stevens (1994). In that volume, this species was thought to also occur off northwestern Australia, but that form has since been described as Cephaloscyllium speccum Last, Séret & White, 2008. As such, C. signourum is restricted to the Western Central Pacific and is known from certainty only off Queensland, Australia. Similar forms from New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji need to be critically compared with the Australian specimens in order to determine their identity (Last et al. 2008).

" 42710,Cephaloscyllium speccum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,speccum,,,,,"Last, Séret & White, 2008",


42707,Cephaloscyllium variegatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,variegatum,,,,,"Last & White, 2008","

The two undescribed species referred to in Last and Stevens (1994) as Cephaloscyllium sp. B and Cephaloscyllium sp. C are considered to be the same species by Last and White (2008) and Last and Stevens (2009), and were described as the Saddled Swellshark (Cephaloscyllium variegatum) by Last and White (2008). However, Last and Stevens (2009) note that the lumping of the tropical and temperate forms of the species (Cephaloscyllium sp. B and Cephaloscyllium sp. C, respectively) is provisional. Their relationship still requires some examination.

" 42709,Cephaloscyllium zebrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,zebrum,,,,,"Last & White, 2008", 41872,Chiloscyllium punctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,punctatum,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1838", 195427,Chimaera argiloba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,argiloba,,,,,"Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008","In the past, the Whitefin Chimaera (Chimaera argiloba) has been confused with the northern Pacific Silver Chimaera (Chimaera phantasma), however the Whitefin Chimaera differs in some morphological traits and lacks the dark stripes that characterise the Silver Chimaera (Last et al. 2008)." 195429,Chimaera fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,fulva,,,,,"Didier, Last & White, 2008","

Confusion between this species and the Shortspine Chimaera (Chimaera obscura) has existed in the past, however the two species differ in some morphological traits; C. fulva is notably lighter in colour compared to C. obscura, and the two are genetically distinct (Didier et al. 2008).

" 60185,Chimaera lignaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,lignaria,,,,,"Didier, 2002","Although only recently described (in 2002) this species has long been known to occur on deep-water slopes and fishing grounds around New Zealand and Tasmania (Paulin et al. 1989, Hardy 1990, Last and Stevens 1994)." 195430,Chimaera macrospina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,macrospina,,,,,"Didier, Last & White, 2008",. 60187,Chimaera phantasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,phantasma,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1900", 41794,Chlamydoselachus anguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HEXANCHIFORMES,CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE,Chlamydoselachus,anguineus,,,,,"Garman, 1884","The Southern African Frilled Shark C. africana Ebert & Compagno, 2009 is distinct from C. anguineus.  " 161321,Cirrhigaleus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Cirrhigaleus,australis,,,,,"White, Last & Stevens, 2007",Previously this taxon was considered to be conspecific with Cirrhigaleus barbifer from the Northwest and Western Central Pacific. Further clarification of the taxonomic relationship between the two species is required. 41797,Hemitrygon fluviorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,fluviorum,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1908)","The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat, 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae." 41798,Deania calcea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Deania,calcea,,,,,"(Lowe, 1839)",A taxonomic review of this group is required to properly identify the species of this genus. 161635,Deania quadrispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Deania,quadrispinosa,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1915)",A taxonomic review of this group is required to properly identify the species of this genus. 195443,Dentiraja flindersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,flindersi,,,,,Last & Gledhill 2008,"

The Pygmy Thornback Skate (Dentiraja flindersi) was first identified as Raja sp. M in Last and Stevens (1994) and is one of the smallest hard-nose skates. It appears to have been confused with other skate species and is a small relative of the Thornback Skate (D. lemprieri). The Pygmy Thornback Skate differs from the Thornback Skate by having an extremely broad interorbital space, nuchal thorns widely separated, and plain colour with fine white spots (Last and Stevens 2009). Some confusion remains with specimens collected from the inner continental shelf off Albany (southwestern Australia), which are most likely to be of a different species (Last and Stevens 2009).

" 161489,Dentiraja lemprieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,lemprieri,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","Together with the closely related Pygmy Thornback Skate Dentiraja flindersi, D. lemprieri differs from other Australian skates in having a prominent blackish patch on the undersurface of the snout tip." 195444,Dipturus acrobelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,acrobelus,,,,,"Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008",

The Deepwater Skate (Dipturus acrobelus) was previously misidentified as Bight Skate Raja gudgeri (Last et al. 1983).

195445,Dipturus apricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,apricus,,,,,"Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008", 161637,Dentiraja australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,australis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1884)",Last et al. (2016a) reassigned Dipturus australis to the resurrected and elevated genus Dentiraja. 161329,Dentiraja cerva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,cerva,,,,,"(Whitley, 1939)",

Last et al. (2016a) reassigned Dipturus cerva to the resurrected and elevated genera Dentiraja.

195446,Dentiraja endeavouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,endeavouri,,,,,"(Last, 2008)",

Last et al. (2016a) reassigned Dipturus endeavouri to the resurrected and elevated genera Dentiraja.

195447,Dentiraja falloarga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,falloarga,,,,,"(Last, 2008)","The False Argus Skate (Dipturus falloargus) is a short-nosed Dipturus species which differs from the Ocellate Skate (Dipturus oculus) in morphometrics and the lack of a well-developed ocellus on each pectoral fin, and differs from all other Dipturus spp. in body shape and colouration (Last 2008)." 195448,Dipturus grahamorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,grahamorum,,,,,"Last, 2008", 161535,Dipturus gudgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,gudgeri,,,,,(Whitley 1940),This species is often confused with other long-nosed skates. 195449,Dentiraja healdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,healdi,,,,,"(Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008)", 195450,Dipturus melanospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,melanospilus,,,,,"Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008","The Blacktip Skate (Dipturus melanospilus) is a recently described species that is easily confused with other Australian members of the genus Dipturus, including the Pale Tropical Skate (Dipturus apricus) and Queensland Deepwater Skate (Dipturus queenslandicus) (Last and Stevens 2009)." 195451,Dentiraja oculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,oculus,,,,,"(Last, 2008)", 202053,Dentiraja polyommata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,polyommata,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1910)","Last (2008) considered the previously wider-ranging Dipturus polyommata (Ogilby, 1910) to consist of two species, the southern form was described as Dipturus endeavouri Last, 2008 and the northern form (that considered here) is the Argus Skate (D. polyommata). Last (2008) outlines in detail the justification for this taxonomic change and explains nomenclature." 195452,Dipturus queenslandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,queenslandicus,,,,,"Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008","

Last and Yearsley (2002) discussed the generic placement of Australasian rajin skates. Six long-snout species were considered to conform closely with non-Australian members of the genus Dipturus. This group consists of the Bight Skate (Dipturus gudgeri), Heald's Skate (Dipturus healdi), Graham's Skate (Dipturus grahami), the Blacktip Skate (Dipturus melanospilus), Pale Tropical Skate (Dipturus acrobelus) and the Queensland Deepwater Skate (Dipturus queenslandicus). The Queensland Deepwater Skate is a problematic skate possibly involving two similar species. Unusual among Australian Dipturus skates in having the characteristic nuchal thorn either present or absent (usually present but it is easily removed). Individuals lacking a nuchal thorn can be confused with the Blacktip Skate. More specimens are required (Last and Stevens 2009).

" 195453,Dipturus wengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,wengi,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2008",Weng’s Skate (Dipturus wengi) appears to belong to a complex of closely related skate species that differ only slightly in their morphology (Last and Stevens 2009). Records of this species from off Indonesia and the Philippines are likely a different species. 41802,Echinorhinus cookei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ECHINORHINIDAE,Echinorhinus,cookei,,,,,"Pietschmann, 1928", 161649,Etmopterus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,brachyurus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912","The Sculpted Lanternshark Etmopterus sp. from Namibia and South Africa, has been referred to as E. cf. brachyurus, but is probably not conspecific with true E. brachyurus from the western Pacific (Ebert et al. 2013). This species is often confused with E. molleri and E. lucifer." 41805,Etmopterus dianthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,dianthus,,,,,"Last, Burgess & Séret, 2002", 41806,Etmopterus dislineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,dislineatus,,,,,"Last, Burgess & Séret, 2002", 41807,Etmopterus evansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,evansi,,,,,"Last, Burgess & Séret, 2002", 41808,Etmopterus fusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,fusus,,,,,"Last, Burgess & Séret, 2002", 161407,Etmopterus molleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,molleri,,,,,"(Whitley, 1939)",A poorly known species which is often misidentified. A similar species reported from the Western Indian Ocean may in fact represent a different species. 124696811,Etmopterus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,unicolor,,,,,"(Engelhardt, 1912)",The taxonomy of Etmopterus unicolor remains unresolved (see Straube et al. 2011). Records from South Africa refer to E. compagnoi (Ebert et al. 2013). 41873,Eucrossorhinus dasypogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Eucrossorhinus,dasypogon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1867)", 41810,Eusphyra blochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Eusphyra,blochii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 41811,Figaro boardmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Figaro,boardmani,,,,,"(Whitley, 1928)", 42711,Figaro striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Figaro,striatus,,,,,"Gledhill, Last & White, 2008", 39351,Furgaleus macki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Furgaleus,macki,,,,,"(Whitley, 1943)", 41812,Galeus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,gracilis,,,,,"Compagno & Stevens, 1993", 60166,Glaucostegus granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,GLAUCOSTEGIDAE,Glaucostegus,granulatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Changes to the systematics of Rhinobatos elevated the subgenus Glaucostegus to full generic status and placed this genus into a family of its own: Glaucostegidae (Compagno 2005, Last et al. 2016a). This species is often confused with Glaucostegus typus and Pacific Ocean records of G. granulatus are probably G. typus. A newly-described species, Glaucostegus younholeei Habib & Islam, 2021, is sympatric with G. granulatus in Bangladesh but the description of the new species does not change the taxonomic concept of G. granulatus." 104061138,Glaucostegus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,GLAUCOSTEGIDAE,Glaucostegus,typus,,,,,"(Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)","Recent changes to the systematics of Rhinobatos have elevated the subgenus Glaucostegus to full generic status and placed this genus into a family of its own: Glaucostegidae (Compagno 2005, Last et al. 2016a).

Glaucostegus microphthalamus is currently considered a synonym of G. typus (W.T. White and D.A. Ebert pers. comm. 2016)." 42712,Glyphis garricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Glyphis,garricki,,,,,"Compagno, White & Last, 2008","Glyphis garricki is sympatric with G. glyphis in northern Australian and southern New Papua Guinea, but the two are separable externally by colouration (Compagno et al. 2008)." 39379,Glyphis glyphis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Glyphis,glyphis,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)",Glyphis glyphis is sympatric with G. garricki in northern Australian and southern New Papua Guinea but the two are separable externally by colouration (Compagno et al. 2008). 161342,Gymnura australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,australis,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)",The Australian Butterfly Ray has two distinct morphological variants which are principally separated by the presence or absence of a small dorsal fin (Jacobsen and Bennett 2009). Dorsal surface colouration can vary in this species from a uniform light green to a dark olive or grey-green and is highly dependent on the surrounding environment. 42713,Halaelurus sellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Halaelurus,sellus,,,,,"White, Last & Stevens, 2007",Previously this species was considered to be conspecific with H. boesemani but its taxonomy was recently resolved (White et al. 2007). 161539,Hemigaleus australiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Hemigaleus,australiensis,,,,,"White, Last & Compagno, 2005","Hemigaleus australiensis is described as having substantially lower vertebral counts, much higher tooth counts in lower jaw, and a black-tipped second dorsal fin, separating it from Hemigaleus microstoma (White et al. 2005)." 41874,Hemipristis elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Hemipristis,elongata,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 41818,Hemiscyllium ocellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,ocellatum,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 41820,Hemiscyllium trispeculare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,trispeculare,,,,,"Richardson, 1843", 41822,Hemitriakis falcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Hemitriakis,falcata,,,,,"Compagno & Stevens, 1993", 41824,Heterodontus galeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,galeatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 39334,Heterodontus portusjacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,portusjacksoni,,,,,"(Meyer, 1793)", 41825,Heterodontus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,zebra,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 152781341,Hexanchus nakamurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HEXANCHIFORMES,HEXANCHIDAE,Hexanchus,nakamurai,,,,,"Teng, 1962","

The taxonomic concept for Hexanchus nakamurai has been revised and Hexanchus vitulus has now been resurrected to a separate species that occurs in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean (Belize, Gulf of Mexico, and Bahamas) (Daly-Engel et al. 2019).

" 161674,Hexatrygon bickelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,HEXATRYGONIDAE,Hexatrygon,bickelli,,,,,"Heemstra & Smith, 1980","Several species of sixgill stingrays have been named from the Western Pacific; H. longirostris, H. yangi, H. taiwanensis and H. brievirostra, mainly on snout length and shape. However, these forms may be based on variation with growth and state of preservation. The current opinion of the occurrence of a single species of sixgill stingray, H. bickelli based on morphological comparisons, should be confirmed by genetic analyses." 195456,Himantura leoparda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Himantura,leoparda,,,,,"Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008","The Leopard Whipray (Himantura leoparda) is a recently described (2008) species closely related and similar in shape and dorsal disc pattern to the Reticulate Whipray (H. uarnak) and Honeycomb Whipray (H. undulata). These three species are in the ‘uarnak’ species-complex, a subgroup of mainly reticulated, ocellated or spotted whiprays. The Leopard Whipray can be distinguished by its unique arrangement of midscapular denticles and the leopard-like markings on the dorsal surface of adults and large specimens. Juveniles of the three species are born at different sizes and vary slightly in colour patterns and denticle shapes (Manjaji-Matsumoto and Last 2008, Last and Stevens 2009). Taxonomic work is currently ongoing to more clearly define the sister species relationships (P. Last pers. comm. 2010).

Previously, this species has been misidentified as Dasyatis uarnak: Wallace 1967; Himantura fava: Compagno and Roberts 1982; Himantura sp. 1: Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola 1984; Himantura uarnak: Compagno 1986, Compagno et al. 1989; and Himantura undulata: Last and Stevens 1994, Last and Compagno 1999, White et al. 2006." 195433,Hydrolagus homonycteris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,homonycteris,,,,,"Didier, 2008","The Black Ghostshark (Hydrolagus homonycteris) is probably closely related to Abyssal Ghostshark (H. trolli), but the two differ in that the Black Ghostshark has a longer dorsal spine, smaller claspers and is darker in colour." 195434,Hydrolagus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,marmoratus,,,,,"Didier, 2008","The Marbled Ghostshark differs from other species within the genus Hydrolagus through several morphological characteristics, by being lighter in colour and possessing a distinctive reticulated pattern (Didier 2008). Tissue samples for molecular sequencing have not been obtained to genetically distinguish the Marbled Ghostshark from other species (Didier 2008)." 41828,Hypnos monopterygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,HYPNIDAE,Hypnos,monopterygius,,,,,"(Shaw, 1795)", 39354,Hypogaleus hyugaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Hypogaleus,hyugaensis,,,,,"(Miyosi, 1939)", 41829,Iago garricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Iago,garricki,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979", 161390,Insentiraja laxipella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Insentiraja,laxipella,,,,,"(Yearsley & Last, 1992)","Insentiraja laxipella could be generically distinct. Unique among Australian skates, in lacking dorsal fins." 161553,Insentiraja subtilispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Insentiraja,subtilispinosa,,,,,"(Stehmann, 1989)","Shape differences are evident between populations across its range and need further investigation (Last and Compagno 1998). There is a need to ascertain if this species is conspecific with the population in the type locality (i.e., the Philippines)." 161655,Irolita waitii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Irolita,waitii,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1911)", 195457,Irolita westraliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Irolita,westraliensis,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2008",


195458,Leucoraja pristispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,pristispina,,,,,"Last, Stehmann & Séret, 2008", 39355,Mustelus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,antarcticus,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 63165,Mustelus ravidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,ravidus,,,,,"White & Last, 2006", 42716,Mustelus stevensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,stevensi,,,,,"White & Last, 2008","The Western Spotted Gummy Shark (Mustelus stevensi) was recently described by White and Last (2008). It appeared in Last and Stevens (1994) as the undescribed Mustelus sp. nov. B, which was reported to occur both off western and eastern Australia. However, White and Last (2008) described the western form as M. stevensi, and the eastern form as M. walkeri." 195426,Mustelus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,walkeri,,,,,"White & Last, 2008","The Eastern Spotted Gummy Shark (Mustelus walkeri) was recently described by White and Last (2008). It appeared in Last and Stevens (1994) as the undescribed Mustelus sp. nov. B, which was reported to occur both off western and eastern Australia. However, White and Last (2008) described the western form as M. stevensi, and the eastern form as M. walkeri." 161700,Narcinops lasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcinops,lasti,,,,,"(Carvalho & Séret, 2002)", 60124,Myliobatis hamlyni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,hamlyni,,,,,"Ogilby, 1911","Previously considered to be restricted to Australia. A recent taxonomic study by White et al. (2015) provided a redescription of the Purple Eagle Ray and the Japanese Eagle Ray (M. tobijei). The results of that study showed that previous records of the Japanese Eagle Ray from Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Okinawa in Japan actually refer to the Purple Eagle Ray. The Japanese Eagle Ray if confined to the western North Pacific, primarily in Japan. Thus, the Purple Eagle Ray's distribution is now extended from Australia north to Taiwan and southern Japan." 195460,Narcinops nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcinops,nelsoni,,,,,"(Carvalho, 2008)", 195462,Narcinops ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcinops,ornata,,,,,"(Carvalho, 2008)","

The Ornate Numbfish (Narcine ornata) is a recently described species of numbfish (Carvalho 2008). It has previously been confused with Banded Numbfish (Narcine westraliensis) that is found further south in Western Australia outside the range of this species (Last and Stevens 2009).

" 161628,Narcinops tasmaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcinops,tasmaniensis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1841)", 161346,Narcinops westraliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcinops,westraliensis,,,,,"(McKay, 1966)", 60150,Neotrygon annotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,annotata,,,,,"(Last, 1987)", 60156,Neotrygon leylandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,leylandi,,,,,"(Last, 1987)","The Painted Maskray (Neotrygon leylandi) was formerly Dasyatis leylandi until resurrection of the genus Neotrygon by Last and White (2008). The Painted Maskray was previously considered to be more wide-ranging off northern Australia, before the eastern form was recently (2008) described as a new species, the Speckled Maskray (N. picta)." 195463,Neotrygon ningalooensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,ningalooensis,,,,,"Last, White & Puckridge, 2010","There is uncertainty about the identification of some specimens referred to as the Ningaloo Maskray (Neotrygon ningalooensis). Those from Shark Bay (Western Australia) and Gove (Northern Territory) need to be further validated as being the same species. There is some evidence that the Shark Bay population could represent an additional species (W.T. White unpubl. data 2010), which may affect the assessment of this species, as the restricted geographic range could become more of an issue with any threats." 195464,Neotrygon picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,picta,,,,,"Last & White, 2008","The Speckled Maskray (Neotrygon picta) was thought to be a regional colour variant of Neotrygon (formerly Dasyatis) leylandi (Last, 1987) until described as a new species by Last and White (2008). The latter publication also resurrected the genus Neotrygon for the maskray species, Bluespotted Maskray (N. kuhlii), Painted Maskray (N. leylandi), Plain Maskray (N. annotata), Ningaloo Maskray (N. ningalooensis) and the Speckled Maskray." 195465,Notoraja azurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,azurea,,,,,"McEachran & Last, 2008",The Blue Skate (Notoraja azurea) is a recently described species of Notoraja first recognized as distinct by Last and Stevens (1994). There is some regional variation in color pattern and meristics of this species that could result in separate species being described (Last and Stevens 2009). 161647,Notoraja hirticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,hirticauda,,,,,"Last & McEachran, 2006",Closely related to Notoraja subtilispinosa but distinct in many ways. 161559,Notoraja ochroderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,ochroderma,,,,,"McEachran & Last, 1994", 195468,Notoraja sticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,sticta,,,,,"McEachran & Last, 2008","Four Notoraja species were previously identified by Last and Stevens (1994) but remained undescribed until recently (McEachran and Last 2008, Last and Stevens 2009)." 195469,Okamejei arafurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,arafurensis,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2008","

The Arafura Skate (Okamajei arafurensis) is a recently described species (Last and Gledhill 2008), not previously recognised. It is a new skate of the Indo–Pacific genus Okamejei. The species is morphologically similar to theYellow-spotted Skate (O. hollandi) from the western North Pacific and is also superficially similar to some Australian short-snout Dipturus species (Last and Gledhill 2008).

" 195470,Okamejei leptoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,leptoura,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2008", 161664,Orectolobus floridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,floridus,,,,,"Last & Chidlow, 2008", 161709,Orectolobus halei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,halei,,,,,"Whitley, 1940","Orectolobus halei was previously synonymized with O. ornatus and was believed to be the adult form of O. ornatus. Taxonomic revision of New South Wales species showed that O. halei differs from O. ornatus in colour pattern (O. halei has black edges around saddles and is less freckled), an adult size larger than 120 cm total length, more dermal lobes at the posterior preorbital group (4–6), precaudal vertebrae count (>106), spiral valve count (>25), and two supraorbital knob. Morphometrically, O. halei has a shorter pelvic fin to anal fin interspace, larger pectoral fins, larger head dimensions, and relatively larger claspers in mature specimens (Huveneers 2006).

Orectolobus halei is also often confused with O. maculatus but differs with less dermal lobes at the posterior preorbital group (4-6) and a distinctive brownish upper body colouration with well-defined, darker brown saddles surrounded by black edges, and containing paler markings that lacks whitish rings and blotches (unlike O. maculatus) (Huveneers 2006)." 42717,Orectolobus hutchinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,hutchinsi,,,,,"Last, Chidlow & Compagno, 2006","As Orectolobus sp. nov. A, this was given a DISCARDED flag because is was an undescribed species assessed as LC; therefore it did not appear on the published Red List until 2009." 41837,Orectolobus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,maculatus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","In New South Wales, O. maculatus is often confused with O. halei, but differs from O. halei by having more (6-10 dermal lobes at the posterior preorbital group) and saddles containing whitish rings and blotches (unlike O. halei).

In Western Australia, O. maculatus was previously synonymised with O. parvimaculatus. Taxonomic revision of Western Australian species showed that O. maculatus differs from O. parvimaculatus by having have relatively smaller and less densely distributed ocelli and dorsal fins lacking dark markings (blackish marginal blotches present in O. parvimaculatus). The dorsal fins of O. maculatus are also smaller and less upright than those of O. parvimaculatus (Last and Chidlow 2008).
Records from Japan and the South China Sea are likely to be mis-identified O. japonicus or another undescribed species." 41838,Orectolobus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,ornatus,,,,,"(de Vis, 1883)","Orectolobus ornatus was previously synonimised with O. halei and was believed to be the juvenile form of O. halei. Taxonomic revision of New South Wales species showed that O. ornatus differs from O. halei in color pattern (more freckled in O. ornatus), an adult size smaller than 120 cm TL, fewer dermal lobes at the posterior preorbital group (3-4), precaudal vertebrae count (<106), spiral valve count (<25), and the absence of supraorbital knob. Morphometrically, O. ornatus has a longer pelvic fin to anal fin interspace, smaller pectoral fins, smaller head dimensions, and relatively smaller claspers in mature specimens (Huveneers 2006).

Assessment is complicated by taxonomic uncertainties based on the identification of the Papua New Guinea specimen. This species should at present be considered as an Australian endemic (L.J.V. Compagno, pers. comm.)." 161651,Orectolobus parvimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,parvimaculatus,,,,,"Last & Chidlow, 2008","Orectolobus parvimaculatus has been confused in the literature with the larger O. maculatus (e.g., Compagno 1984, 2001, Last and Stevens 1994, Compagno et al. 2005, Hoese et al. 2006, Last and Chidlow 2008) and was believed to be juvenile O. maculatus. Taxonomic revision of Western Australian species showed that O. parvimaculatus differs from O. maculatus by having have relatively larger and more densely distributed ocelli, and dorsal fins with blackish marginal blotches (absent in O. maculatus). The dorsal fins of O. parvimaculatus are also taller and more upright than those of equivalent size O. maculatus (Last and Chidlow 2008)." 195439,Orectolobus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,reticulatus,,,,,"Last, Pogonoski & White, 2008","

The Network Wobbegong (Orectolobus reticulatus) was previously misidentified as the Northern Wobbegong (O. wardi) (Whitley 1939). Both species belong to a subgroup of small, morphologically similar wobbegongs, termed the ‘wardi-complex’. This species-complex contains at least three colour forms. All forms attain less than 100 cm total length and possess simple dermal lobes. Differences in colouration was initially thought to be intraspecific variation, however recent comparison of multiple specimens has shown that the forms differ consistently in colour, pattern and some morphological features. Further taxonomic and genetic research is required to elucidate the true number of species in the ‘wardi-complex’, their distributions and conservation status, but has not yet been possible due to the small number of specimens available for comparison. At this stage, the complex is considered to consist of the Northern Wobbegong, the Network Wobbegong and one (or more) potentially undescribed species (Last et al. 2008, Last and Stevens 2009).

" 41839,Orectolobus wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,wardi,,,,,"Whitley, 1939","

The Northern Wobbegong (Orectolobus wardi) belongs to a subgroup of small, morphologically similar wobbegongs, termed the ‘wardi-complex’. This species complex contains at least three colour forms. All forms attain less than 100 cm total length and possess simple dermal lobes. Differences in colouration was initially thought to be intraspecific variation, however recent comparison of multiple specimens has shown that the forms differ consistently in colour, pattern and some morphological features. Further taxonomic and genetic research is required to elucidate the true number of species in the ‘wardi-complex’, their distributions and conservation status, but has not yet been possible due to the small number of specimens available for comparison. At this stage, the complex is considered to consist of the Northern Wobbegong, the Network Wobbegong (O. reticulatus) and one (or more) potentially undescribed species (Last et al. 2008, Last and Stevens 2009). 

" 41840,Oxynotus bruniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,OXYNOTIDAE,Oxynotus,bruniensis,,,,,(Ogilby 1893), 41841,Parascyllium collare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Parascyllium,collare,,,,,"Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888", 195440,Parascyllium elongatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Parascyllium,elongatum,,,,,"Last & Stevens, 2008","

The genus Parascyllium was considered to comprise of four valid species. Last and Stevens (2008) described a fifth species – Elongate Carpetshark (Parascyllium elongatum) – characterised by a very short head, no dark collar in gill region and vertical rows of white spots on the body. It was described from a single specimen collected from the stomach of a School Shark (Galeorhinus galeus) in 1990.

" 41842,Parascyllium ferrugineum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Parascyllium,ferrugineum,,,,,"McCulloch, 1911", 41843,Parascyllium sparsimaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Parascyllium,sparsimaculatum,,,,,"Goto & Last, 2002", 41844,Parascyllium variolatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Parascyllium,variolatum,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)", 161337,Pavoraja alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Pavoraja,alleni,,,,,McEachran & Fechhelm 1982, 195471,Pavoraja arenaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Pavoraja,arenaria,,,,,"Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008", 195472,Pavoraja mosaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Pavoraja,mosaica,,,,,"Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008", 161370,Pavoraja nitida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Pavoraja,nitida,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 195473,Pavoraja pseudonitida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Pavoraja,pseudonitida,,,,,"Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008", 60111,Plesiobatis daviesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,PLESIOBATIDAE,Plesiobatis,daviesi,,,,,"(Wallace, 1967)","This species is distinct in shape from all other stingarees, resulting in its placement in the separate monospecific family, Plesiobatidae. There has never been a comparison of populations of this species, which needs to be undertaken to elucidate whether there is in fact more than one species." 42720,Pristiophorus delicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pristiophorus,delicatus,,,,,"Yearsley, Last & White, 2008", 41846,Pristiophorus nudipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pristiophorus,nudipinnis,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 46865,Scymnodon plunketi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Scymnodon,plunketi,,,,,"(Waite, 1910)",Scymnodon plunketi may be a junior synonym of Scymnodon macracanthus (Regan 1906) (White et al. 2015). Taxonomic clarification is required. 42721,Rhinobatos sainsburyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,sainsburyi,,,,,"Last, 2004",There are two sympatric forms of this species which differ in colour pattern; the relationship between these forms requires study (Last and Stevens 2009). 60146,Rhinochimaera pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Rhinochimaera,pacifica,,,,,"(Mitsukuri, 1895)","Colour variation has been noted in this species with specimens from the northwest Pacific (Japan) noticeably darker in overall colour than those from the southwest Pacific (New Zealand) (Didier and Nakaya 1999). The distinction between R. atlantica and R. pacifica is problematic and solely based on the number of caudal tubercles, a highly variable and often overlapping characteristic (tends to be greater in R. atlantica). Resolution on the distinction of these two species will require examination of larger series of specimens and potentially molecular data (Compagno et al. 1990)." 161530,Rhinoptera neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,RHINOPTERIDAE,Rhinoptera,neglecta,,,,,"Ogilby, 1912",This ray is considered by some authors to be identical to the wide-ranging Javanese Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera javanica). Further systematic studies are required. 41850,Rhizoprionodon acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Rhizoprionodon,acutus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)",Molecular evidence supports the idea that Rhizoprionodon acutus is a complex of (at least) four species that needs further taxonomic investigation (Naylor et al. 2012). 41852,Rhizoprionodon taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Rhizoprionodon,taylori,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1915)", 41853,Rhynchobatus australiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,australiae,,,,,"Whitley, 1939","Rhynchobatus australiae is part of the Indo-West Pacific Rhynchobatus djiddensis species-complex. The name R. djiddensis has previously been used widely, leading to poorly-defined taxonomy and distributions for members of the complex (in particular, R. australiae, R. djiddensis, and R. laevis). Further investigation into the taxonomy of 'whitespotted wedgefish' is required, and additional species are likely to be described in the future." 41855,Scymnodalatias albicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Scymnodalatias,albicauda,,,,,"Taniuchi & Garrick,1986", 195477,Sinobatis bulbicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,bulbicauda,,,,,"Last & Séret, 2008","

The Western Legskate (Sinobatis bulbicauda) was recently described by Last and Séret (2008). In the species description Last and Séret (2008) elevated Sinobatis to the rank of genus on the basis of the conservative intragroup clasper morphology of its member species, and its strong differentiation from Hulley’s (1973) other subgenera Anacanthobatis.

The medium-sized Western Legskate has affinities to the slightly smaller species the Borneo Legskate (S. borneensis) (South and East China Seas). Based on its description of the adult male holotype, S. borneensis has a filamentous (vs. bulbous) tail and the snout is relatively longer with preorbital length 6.5 times the interorbital length (vs. 3.9–4.8 in adult males and 3.4–5.7 in all types of S. bulbicauda) (Last and Séret 2008). Additionally, adult males of the two species are not identical in size, S. borneensis, 31.7 cm total length (TL) (vs. 42.9–43.3 cm TL in S. bulbicauda) and also differ in many morphometric characteristics including their relative disc widths, precloacal lengths, preoral lengths, orbit diameters, mouth width, and intergill distances which will aid in differentiating the two species (see Last and Séret 2008 for measurement ranges).

" 195478,Sinobatis caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,caerulea,,,,,"Last & Séret, 2008","

The Blue Legskate (Sinobatis caerulea) was recently described by Last and Séret (2008) from five specimens. Last and Séret (2008) elevated Sinobatis to the rank of genus on the basis of the conservative intragroup clasper morphology of its member species, and its strong differentiation from Hulley’s (1973) other subgenera of Anacanthobatis. This species has been provisionally placed into the genus Sinobatis in the absence of an adult male specimen.  It may have been confused in the past with the smaller Western Legskate (S. bulbicauda).

" 195479,Sinobatis filicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,filicauda,,,,,"Last & Séret, 2008", 41857,Somniosus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Somniosus,antarcticus,,,,,"Whitley, 1939", 161496,Spiniraja whitleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Spiniraja,whitleyi,,,,,"(Iredale, 1938)", 41858,Squaliolus aliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Squaliolus,aliae,,,,,"Teng, 1959", 42723,Squalus albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,albifrons,,,,,"Last, White & Stevens, 2007", 158616,Squalus altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,altipinnis,,,,,"Last, White & Stevens, 2007", 161360,Squalus chloroculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,chloroculus,,,,,"Last, White & Motomura, 2007","Revision of Squalus in the Indo-Australasian region resulted in the resurrection of S. montalbani (Philippines, Indonesia, Australia) and S. griffini (New Zealand) and the description of S. chloroculus Last, White & Motomura, 2007. These species were previously considered to be conspecific with S. mitsukurii, which this work has revealed, does not occur in Australasian waters. Continued investigation of Squalus mitsukurii from around the world is resulting in more taxa being recognized." 42725,Squalus crassispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,crassispinus,,,,,"Last, Edmunds & Yearsley, 2007", 158617,Squalus edmundsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,edmundsi,,,,,"White, Last & Stevens, 2007",Previously this species was included in Squalus sp. C. (= S. altipinnis) (Last and Stevens 1994). It was referred to as Squalus sp. C in Compagno et al. (2005) and as Squalus cf. sp. C in White et al. (2006). 42727,Squalus grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,grahami,,,,,"White, Last & Stevens, 2007", 124553086,Squalus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,megalops,,,,,"(Macleay, 1881)","The name Squalus megalops has been used widely for what represents a species-complex, with the true S. megalops endemic to Australia. Squalus acutipinnis has recently been resurrected as a distinct species (Viana and Carvalho 2016), and S. mahia and S. margaretsmithae have been described as new species (Viana et al. 2018)." 161404,Squalus montalbani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,montalbani,,,,,"Whitley, 1931",Squalus montalbani was previously considered a likely junior synonym of S. mitsukurii but was resurrected as a valid species by Last et al. (2007). Referred to as Squalus sp. 1 in White et al. (2006a).

42726,Squalus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,nasutus,,,,,"Last, Marshall & White, 2007", 42722,Squalus notocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,notocaudatus,,,,,"Last, White & Stevens, 2007", 42729,Squatina albipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,albipunctata,,,,,"Last & White, 2008", 41862,Squatina australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,australis,,,,,"Regan, 1906", 42728,Squatina pseudocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,pseudocellata,,,,,"Last & White, 2008",
41863,Squatina tergocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,tergocellata,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914", 41864,Sutorectus tentaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Sutorectus,tentaculatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 60162,Taeniurops meyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Taeniurops,meyeni,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)", 60080,Trygonoptera galba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Trygonoptera,galba,,,,,"Last & Yearsley, 2008", 60081,Trygonoptera imitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Trygonoptera,imitata,,,,,"Yearsley, Last & Gomon, 2008", 60082,Trygonoptera mucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Trygonoptera,mucosa,,,,,"(Whitley, 1939)", 60083,Trygonoptera ovalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Trygonoptera,ovalis,,,,,"Last & Gomon, 1987", 60084,Trygonoptera personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Trygonoptera,personata,,,,,"Last & Gomon, 1987", 60085,Trygonoptera testacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Trygonoptera,testacea,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1841", 39413,Urogymnus asperrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Urogymnus,asperrimus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider,1801)","Formerly, U. asperrimus was the only species within Urogymmus. Last et al. (2016) added five more species to the genus." 60088,Urolophus bucculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,bucculentus,,,,,"Macleay, 1884", 60089,Urolophus circularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,circularis,,,,,"McKay, 1966", 60090,Urolophus cruciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,cruciatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1804)",The Banded Stingaree is morphologically similar to the Yellowback Stingaree (Urolophus sufflavus) and genetics are nearly identical; further investigation is required to confirm that these are separate species (Last et al. 2016). 60092,Urolophus expansus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,expansus,,,,,"McCulloch, 1916", 60093,Urolophus flavomosaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,flavomosaicus,,,,,"Last & Gomon, 1987",Further investigation is required to confirm the species' Pacific distribution (Last et al. 2016). 60094,Urolophus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,gigas,,,,,"Scott, 1954", 42730,Urolophus kapalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,kapalensis,,,,,"Yearsley & Last, 2006", 60097,Urolophus lobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,lobatus,,,,,"McKay, 1966", 60098,Urolophus mitosis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,mitosis,,,,,"Last & Gomon, 1987", 60100,Urolophus orarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,orarius,,,,,"Last & Gomon, 1987", 60102,Urolophus paucimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,paucimaculatus,,,,,"Dixon, 1969", 60103,Urolophus piperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,piperatus,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2003", 60104,Urolophus sufflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,sufflavus,,,,,"Whitley, 1929",Appears to hybridize with the Banded Stingaree (Urolophus cruciatis) at the southern end of its range. Further information is required to assess the validity of this species (Last et al. 2016). 60105,Urolophus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,viridis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1916", 60106,Urolophus westraliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,westraliensis,,,,,"Last & Gomon, 1987", 64442,Dipturus maugeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,maugeanus,,,,,"(Last & Gledhill, 2007)", 58442,Quasipaa verrucospinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,verrucospinosa,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 18907453,Dasyatis tortonesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Dasyatis,tortonesei,,,,,"Capape, 1977","Previously considered to be a junior synonym of the Common Stingray (Dasyatis pastinaca), this species differs in disc shape, shape of the dorsal skin fold, and form and number of oral papillae (Last et al. 2016b)." 18903491,Dipturus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,intermedius,,,,,"(Parnell, 1837)","The Flapper Skate (Dipturus intermedius) and Common Blue Skate (Dipturus batis) were synonymised in a taxonomic revision of European skates (Rajidae) in the 1920s (Clark 1926), before being recognised again as separate species in 2010 (Iglésias et al. 2010). Consequently, information for both species were reported as ‘Dipturus batis’ (the 'common skate complex') for much of the 20th and early 21st centuries." 63761320,Afroanthracites usambaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Afroanthracites,usambaricus,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1913)", 63761348,Afroanthracites viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Afroanthracites,viridis,,,,,"Hemp, Ingrisch & Ünal, 2013", 63761735,Aerotegmina megaloptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aerotegmina,megaloptera,,,,,"Hemp, 2013", 63761740,Aerotegmina shengenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aerotegmina,shengenae,,,,,"Hemp, 2006", 63761756,Aerotegmina taitensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Aerotegmina,taitensis,,,,,"Hemp, 2013", 63761860,Afrophisis flagellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Afrophisis,flagellata,,,,,"Hemp, 2013", 63761899,Afrophisis mazumbaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Afrophisis,mazumbaiensis,,,,,"Hemp, 2013", 63762011,Afrophisis pseudoflagellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Afrophisis,pseudoflagellata,,,,,"Hemp, 2013", 63762015,Afrophisis tanzanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Afrophisis,tanzanica,,,,,"Jin & Kevan, 1991", 63763363,Rhainopomma montanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Rhainopomma,montanum,,,,,"(Kevan, 1950)", 68923643,Andrena notata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,notata,,,,,"Warncke, 1968","

E. Scheuchl and A. Kratochwil (pers. comm. 2014) are working on the clarification of the confused taxonomic and nomenclatural situation in the subgenus Suandrena. While the work is not finished yet, it is already clear that Andrena fratella and Andrena notata are distinct species, rather than subspecies as Warncke regarded them. Andrena fratella does not occur in Europe, while A. notata occurs in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) and A. cyanomicans occurs in Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.

" 68923623,Andrena pauxilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,pauxilla,,,,,"Stöckhert, 1935","Dylewska (1987) and Schmid-Egger and Scheuchl (1997) accept A. pauxilla as a distinct species. Besides, H. Schwenninger (pers. comm. 2014) examined the type of A. curtula and stated that A. curtula and A. pauxilla are clearly distinct species." 68965062,Andrena dourada,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ANDRENIDAE,Andrena,dourada,,,,,"Kratochwil & Scheuchl, 2013", 883,Aloeides dentatis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,dentatis,,,,,"(Swierstra, 1909)",The status of this taxon needs to be reviewed. See also notes under A. d. dentatis.Two subspecies are currently recognized for the taxon: A. dentatis subspecies dentatis and A. dentatis subspecies maseruna. 178311,Microlophus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,peruvianus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)","There are two subspecies:
Tropidurus peruvianus salinicola (Mertens, 1956)
Tropidurus peruvianus peruvianus (Lesson, 1830).

Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970) listed nine subspecies, many of which have been elevated to full species status since then." 68974289,Pseudococcus markharveyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PSEUDOCOCCIDAE,Pseudococcus,markharveyi,,,,,"Gullan, 2013",Pseudococcus markharveyi has recently been described (Gullan et al. 2013) and has been previously referred to as Pseudococcus sp. 15 in Moir et al. (2012). 68981261,Acizzia mccarthyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PSYLLIDAE,Acizzia,mccarthyi,,,,,"Taylor & Moir, 2014","Acizzia mccarthyi has recently been described (Taylor & Moir, 2014). No other names exist for the species and the taxonomy has not been questioned." 44937676,Bombus citrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,citrinus,,,,,"(Smith, 1854)", 44937809,Bombus melanopygus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,melanopygus,,,,,"Nylander, 1848","The species concept of B. melanopygus is now considered to include B. edwardsii, the latter of which was formerly treated as a unique and morphologically distinct species from California and Oregon, but is now considered conspecific with B. melanopygus based on genetic similarity (Williams et al. 2014, Owen et al. 2010). Specifically, Owen & Plow (1980) found that these two morphs differ by a single pair of alleles at one locus controlling the color of the pubescens on gastral terga II-III. According to Owen et al. (2010), there can be little doubt that the two are conspecific." 44937688,Bombus insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,insularis,,,,,"(Smith, 1861)", 44937707,Bombus bifarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,bifarius,,,,,"Cresson, 1878","

Due to several major color pattern polymorphisms and evidence of genetic structuring among regional populations, the taxonomic status of regional populations of this species has been the subject of debate (Lozier et al. 2013). According to Williams et al. (2014), evidence from DNA barcodes supports a close relationship between two divergent groups with different color patterns and distributions, B. bifarius bifarius and B. bifarius nearcticus. At present, these two groups are treated as the nominant and nearcticus color patterns of the same species, although the potential need for taxonomic revision is currently under examination (Lozier 2014, pers. comm.).   

" 44937719,Bombus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,bimaculatus,,,,,"Cresson, 1863", 44937726,Bombus caliginosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,caliginosus,,,,,"(Frison, 1927)", 44937777,Bombus centralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,centralis,,,,,"Cresson, 1864","Evidence from DNA barcodes supports B. centralis and B. flavifrons as distinct species, despite their close genetic relationship (Williams et al. 2014)." 44937623,Bombus fraternus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,fraternus,,,,,"(Smith, 1854)", 44937790,Bombus frigidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,frigidus,,,,,"Smith, 1854","Some records previously treated as this species (e.g., from southern Appalachians) are now considered Bombus sandersoni, often determined as Bombus frigidus sandersoni (NatureServe 2014). It is now recognized that the two species are separate (Williams et al., 2014)." 44937797,Bombus impatiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,impatiens,,,,,"Cresson, 1863", 44937898,Bombus mixtus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,mixtus,,,,,"Cresson, 1878","See Williams (2014) for a discussion of the taxonomic status of this species. In short, B. praticola (Kirby 1837) is considered a synonym based on Kirby's original descriptions (there is no type material of this species). Since B. praticola appears to be the oldest available name for this species, that name (the senior homonym) would typically take precedence. However, since the name B. mixtus has been in common use for the species since 1950, Williams (2014) suggests that, in the interests of stability, an application be made to ICZN to suppress the senior homonym. At present, B. mixtus continues to be the widely-accepted name for this species (Williams 2014; Williams et al. 2014)." 44937666,Bombus morrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,morrisoni,,,,,"Cresson, 1878", 44937925,Bombus perplexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,perplexus,,,,,"Cresson, 1863", 44937988,Bombus ternarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,ternarius,,,,,"Say, 1837", 199413,Gnathophis codoniphorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,codoniphorus,,,,,"Maul, 1972", 199360,Paraconger macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Paraconger,macrops,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 67963793,Coryphaenoides thelestomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,thelestomus,,,,,"Maul, 1951", 155125,Scorpaena azorica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,azorica,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1969", 187455,Symphodus trutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,trutta,,,,,"(Lowe, 1834)","This and the other two species in the genus Centrolabrus were moved to the genus Symphodus, based on morphological and behavioural evidence (Almada et al. 2002)." 187595,Symphodus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Symphodus,caeruleus,,,,,"(Azevedo, 1999)","This and the other two species in the genus Centrolabrus were moved to the genus Symphodus, based on morphological and behavioural evidence (Almada et al. 2002)." 69192581,Hyperolius ukwiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,ukwiva,,,,,"Loader, Lawson, Portik & Menegon, 2015", 69119640,Hyperolius spinigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,spinigularis,,,,,"Stevens, 1971", 69119609,Hyperolius davenporti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,davenporti,,,,,"Loader, Lawson, Portik & Menegon, 2015", 69119678,Hyperolius burgessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,burgessi,,,,,"Loader, Lawson, Portik & Menegon 2015", 69119695,Hyperolius ruvuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,ruvuensis,,,,,"Barratt, Lawson & Loader, 2015", 69128053,Gunnellichthys curiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Gunnellichthys,curiosus,,,,,"Dawson, 1968", 69128212,Gunnellichthys grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Gunnellichthys,grandoculis,,,,,"(Kendall & Goldsborough, 1911)", 69128289,Gunnellichthys monostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Gunnellichthys,monostigma,,,,,"Smith, 1958", 69128107,Gunnellichthys pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Gunnellichthys,pleurotaenia,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858","According to Larson (in press; WIO book), the Indian Ocean species, Gunnellichthys copleyi, may be synonymous with Gunnellichthys pleurotaenia. More research is needed on the taxonomy of this species." 69128478,Nemateleotris decora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Nemateleotris,decora,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 1973","The western Indian Ocean populations of this species have been recently recognized as a distinct species, Nemateleotris exquisita (Randall and Connell 2013). However, the status of this species requires further taxonomic study." 69128541,Nemateleotris helfrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Nemateleotris,helfrichi,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 1973", 69130320,Paragunnellichthys seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Paragunnellichthys,seychellensis,,,,,"Dawson, 1967", 69130229,Parioglossus nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,nudus,,,,,"Rennis & Hoese, 1985", 69130241,Parioglossus philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,philippinus,,,,,"(Herre, 1945)", 69130281,Parioglossus verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,verticalis,,,,,"Rennis & Hoese, 1985", 47402978,Eviota jewettae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,jewettae,,,,,"Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2012", 47402974,Eviota fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,fallax,,,,,"Greenfield & Allen, 2012", 47269831,Eviota dorsogilva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,dorsogilva,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 2011",The distribution remains in question until further studies have been completed within the Eviota nigriventris complex. 47403067,Eviota pinocchioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,pinocchioi,,,,,"Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2012", 69179838,Ptereleotris evides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,evides,,,,,"(Jordan & Hubbs, 1925)", 69180312,Ptereleotris grammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,grammica,,,,,"Randall & Lubbock, 1982","The Indian Ocean subpopulation was recognized as a subspecies, Ptereleotris grammica melanota (Randall and Lubbock 1982). The taxonomic status of this subpopulation needs further investigation given its disjunct distribution from other populations identified as Ptereleotris grammica grammica." 69180629,Ptereleotris hanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,hanae,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 69181442,Ptereleotris heteroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,heteroptera,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 69181472,Ptereleotris lineopinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,lineopinnis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1935)", 69181503,Ptereleotris monoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,monoptera,,,,,"Randall & Hoese, 1985", 69181519,Ptereleotris zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,zebra,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 69182150,Parupeneus forsskali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,forsskali,,,,,"(Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1976)", 19198540,Nomada jaramense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,jaramense,,,,,"Dusmet & Alonso, 1913", 19199042,Nomada merceti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Nomada,merceti,,,,,"Alfken, 1909", 19199482,Megachile cypricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,cypricola,,,,,"Mavromoustakis, 1938", 19199948,Megachile fuerteventurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,fuerteventurae,,,,,"(Tkalců, 1993)", 19199320,Megachile giraudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,giraudi,,,,,"Gerstäcker, 1869", 19198691,Megachile rhodosiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,rhodosiaca,,,,,"Rebmann, 1972",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear as the species is only known from the type specimen (C. Praz pers. comm. 2014). 19199721,Megachile hungarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,MEGACHILIDAE,Megachile,hungarica,,,,,"Mocsáry, 1877",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It is considered conspecific with M. lefebvrei by some authors. 11258,Lampsilis ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,ovata,,,,,"Say, 1817","The extensive range reported by NatureServe includes various forms, subspecies and possibly valid species, such as Lampsilis ventricosa (= L. cardium) and L. satura; as the taxonomy of this species complex is convoluted (Parmalee and Bogan 1998)." 11254,Lampsilis cariosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lampsilis,cariosa,,,,,"(Say, 1817)","Synonyms = Unio cariosa Say, 1817; Unio crocatus Lea, 1841." 781,Alasmidonta varicosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,varicosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)", 779,Alasmidonta marginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Alasmidonta,marginata,,,,,"Say, 1818", 155915,Musculium lacustre,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,lacustre,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)", 7889,Epioblasma triquetra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Epioblasma,triquetra,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 11359,Lasmigona compressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lasmigona,compressa,,,,,"I. Lea, 1829", 189603,Utterbackiana implicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Utterbackiana,implicata,,,,,"Say, 1829","Recently, Zanatta et al. (2007) supported the monophyly of both Pyganodon and Utterbackia using mutation coding of allozyme data. The Eurasian Anodonta cygnea was resolved as the sister of the remaining in-group taxa, including Pyganodon, Utterbackia, and the North American Anodonta. Graf and Cummings (2007) placed implicata in Pyganodon along with other eastern North American taxa; lacustris, grandis, fragilis, cataracta and gibbosa. Anodonta was restricted to western North American and Eurasian species. This indicates that further phylogenetic analysis of the Anodontinae is required including both North American and Eurasian species. There has been some suggestion that the name Anodonta atra (Rafinesque, 1820) has priority over Anodonta implicata based on two characters from the description of A. atra. However, A. atra was described without illustration and with limited descriptive characters attributable to other Anodonta and Pyganodon species. Graf and Cummings (2007) placed atra in cataracta. With such limited information, there is insufficient evidence to justify replacing the name at this time to atra.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 11967,Ligumia nasuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ligumia,nasuta,,,,,"Say, 1817", 11968,Ligumia recta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ligumia,recta,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)", 155937,Musculium transversum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Musculium,transversum,,,,,"(Say, 1829)",There is some debate over whether the genus Musculium should in fact change to Sphaerium with Musculium becoming demoted to subgenus level (Lee and O'Foighil 2003). 155761,Sphaerium nitidum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,nitidum,,,,,"Clessin, 1876", 69183093,Parupeneus trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,trifasciatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 69539228,Nemipterus balinensoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,balinensoides,,,,,"(Popta, 1918)", 69539262,Nemipterus furcosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,furcosus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 69539271,Nemipterus hexodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,hexodon,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 69539284,Nemipterus vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,vitiensis,,,,,"Russell, 1990", 69539293,Nemipterus zysron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,zysron,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 69539322,Pentapodus aureofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Pentapodus,aureofasciatus,,,,,"Russell, 2001", 69539343,Pentapodus caninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Pentapodus,caninus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 69539356,Pentapodus nagasakiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Pentapodus,nagasakiensis,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1915)", 69539374,Pentapodus trivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Pentapodus,trivittatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)", 69539421,Scolopsis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,affinis,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 69539499,Scolopsis bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,bilineata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 69539506,Scolopsis ciliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,ciliata,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1892)", 69539564,Scolopsis lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,lineata,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1824", 69539571,Scolopsis margaritifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,margaritifera,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 69539597,Scolopsis monogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,monogramma,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 69539604,Scolopsis taenioptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,taenioptera,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 69539611,Scolopsis temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,temporalis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 69539627,Scolopsis trilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,trilineata,,,,,"Kner, 1868", 69545420,Acanthoplesiops indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Acanthoplesiops,indicus,,,,,"(Day, 1888)","Acanthoplesiops indicus, is sister to two allopatric West Pacific species, A. psilogaster to the north (Japan, Taiwan, Batanes) and A. echinatus to the south (southern Philippines and Moluccas) (Mooi and Gill 2004)." 69545446,Calloplesiops altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Calloplesiops,altivelis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1903)", 69545457,Plesiops coeruleolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Plesiops,coeruleolineatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 69545475,Plesiops corallicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Plesiops,corallicola,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 69545534,Priacanthus macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,macracanthus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 69545542,Priacanthus meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,meeki,,,,,"Jenkins, 1903", 69545545,Priacanthus sagittarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,sagittarius,,,,,"Starnes, 1988", 69545550,Pristigenys meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Pristigenys,meyeri,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 69545557,Pristigenys niphonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Pristigenys,niphonia,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",Pristigenys refulgens was recently resurrected from synonymy with P. niphonia (Iwatsuki et al. 2012). 69181491,Ptereleotris melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,melanopogon,,,,,"Randall & Hoese, 1985", 69584026,Acanthistius cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Acanthistius,cinctus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 69584035,Aporops bilinearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Aporops,bilinearis,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 69584048,Aulacocephalus temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Aulacocephalus,temminckii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 69584098,Belonoperca chabanaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Belonoperca,chabanaudi,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1930", 69584101,Belonoperca pylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Belonoperca,pylei,,,,,"Baldwin & Smith, 1998", 69584331,Caprodon krasyukovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Caprodon,krasyukovae,,,,,"Kharin, 1983", 69584359,Caprodon longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Caprodon,longimanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)",C. unicolor may be a synonym of C. longimanus.  69584395,Caprodon schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Caprodon,schlegelii,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 69584403,Diploprion bifasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diploprion,bifasciatum,,,,,"Cuvier, 1828", 69584408,Grammistes sexlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Grammistes,sexlineatus,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1792)", 69584417,Grammistops ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Grammistops,ocellatus,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 69584420,Liopropoma aurora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,aurora,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1903)", 69584428,Liopropoma collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,collettei,,,,,"Randall & Taylor, 1988",The Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll populations are morphologicallydistinct from western Pacific populations (Mundy 2005). 69584431,Liopropoma erythraeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,erythraeum,,,,,"Randall & Taylor, 1988", 69584435,Liopropoma flavidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,flavidum,,,,,"Randall & Taylor, 1988", 69584469,Liopropoma japonicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,japonicum,,,,,"(Döderlein, 1883)", 69584488,Liopropoma latifasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,latifasciatum,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1922)", 69584519,Liopropoma lemniscatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,lemniscatum,,,,,"Randall & Taylor, 1988", 69584524,Liopropoma lunulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,lunulatum,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1863)", 69584537,Liopropoma maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,maculatum,,,,,"(Döderlein, 1883)", 69584560,Liopropoma mitratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,mitratum,,,,,"Lubbock & Randall, 1978", 69584566,Liopropoma multilineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,multilineatum,,,,,"Randall & Taylor, 1988", 69584573,Liopropoma pallidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,pallidum,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 69584835,Liopropoma susumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,susumi,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 69585676,Liopropoma swalesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,swalesi,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1930)", 69585696,Liopropoma tonstrinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,tonstrinum,,,,,"Randall & Taylor, 1988", 69586094,Luzonichthys waitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Luzonichthys,waitei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1931)", 69586372,Luzonichthys whitleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Luzonichthys,whitleyi,,,,,"(Smith, 1955)", 69586671,Odontanthias borbonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Odontanthias,borbonius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 69587098,Odontanthias chrysostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Odontanthias,chrysostictus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 69587107,Odontanthias elizabethae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Odontanthias,elizabethae,,,,,"Fowler, 1923", 69587178,Odontanthias fuscipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Odontanthias,fuscipinnis,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1901)", 69587263,Odontanthias katayamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Odontanthias,katayamai,,,,,"(Randall, Maugé & Plessis, 1979)", 69587548,Plectranthias cirrhitoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,cirrhitoides,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 69587773,Plectranthias fijiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,fijiensis,,,,,"Raj & Seeto, 1983", 69588014,Plectranthias fourmanoiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,fourmanoiri,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 69588682,Plectranthias helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,helenae,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 69588709,Plectranthias inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,inermis,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 69588731,Plectranthias kamii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,kamii,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 69588764,Plectranthias kelloggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,kelloggi,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1903)",This species is sometimes placed in the monotypic genus Zalanthias (FishBase). 69588828,Plectranthias longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,longimanus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 69588900,Plectranthias megalophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,megalophthalmus,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Randall, 1979", 69588906,Plectranthias nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,nanus,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 69588920,Plectranthias randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,randalli,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1980", 69588949,Plectranthias retrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,retrofasciatus,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Randall, 1979", 69588952,Plectranthias rubrifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,rubrifasciatus,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Randall, 1979", 69588988,Plectranthias taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,taylori,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 69588992,Plectranthias winniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,winniensis,,,,,"(Tyler, 1966)", 69589013,Plectranthias yamakawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,yamakawai,,,,,"Yoshino, 1972", 69589017,Pogonoperca punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pogonoperca,punctata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 69589036,Pseudanthias aurulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,aurulentus,,,,,"(Randall & McCosker, 1982)", 69589636,Pseudanthias bartlettorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,bartlettorum,,,,,"(Randall & Lubbock, 1981)", 69590149,Pseudanthias bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,bicolor,,,,,"(Randall, 1979)", 69590390,Pseudanthias calloura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,calloura,,,,,"Ida & Sakaue, 2001", 69590668,Pseudanthias cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,cooperi,,,,,"(Regan, 1902)", 69590742,Pseudanthias dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,dispar,,,,,"(Herre, 1955)", 69590801,Pseudanthias engelhardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,engelhardi,,,,,"(Allen & Starck, 1982)", 69590820,Pseudanthias flavicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,flavicauda,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 2001", 69590843,Pseudanthias flavoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,flavoguttatus,,,,,"(Katayama & Masuda, 1980)", 69590885,Pseudanthias fucinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,fucinus,,,,,"(Randall & Ralston, 1985)", 69590936,Pseudanthias gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,gibbosus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1884)",This binomial was recently resurrected from the synonymy of P. squamipinnis and P. fasciatus is a junior synonym of P. gibbosus (Heemstra and Akhilesh 2012) 69590949,Pseudanthias hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,hawaiiensis,,,,,"(Randall, 1979)", 69590965,Pseudanthias hiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,hiva,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 2001", 69590993,Pseudanthias huchtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,huchtii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 69591007,Pseudanthias hypselosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,hypselosoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1878", 69591014,Pseudanthias lori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,lori,,,,,"(Lubbock & Randall, 1976)", 69591045,Pseudanthias luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,luzonensis,,,,,"(Katayama & Masuda, 1983)", 69591058,Pseudanthias mooreanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,mooreanus,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)", 69591446,Pseudanthias olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,olivaceus,,,,,"(Randall & McCosker, 1982)", 69591538,Pseudanthias parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,parvirostris,,,,,"(Randall & Lubbock, 1981)",Records from the Maldives and Mascarene Islands are now recognized as P. unimarginatus. 69591554,Pseudanthias pascalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,pascalus,,,,,"(Jordan & Tanaka, 1927)", 69591645,Pseudanthias privitera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,privitera,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 2001", 69591683,Pseudanthias randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,randalli,,,,,"(Lubbock & Allen, 1978)", 69591708,Pseudanthias rubrizonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,rubrizonatus,,,,,"(Randall, 1983)", 69591715,Pseudanthias rubrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,rubrolineatus,,,,,"(Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979)", 69591773,Pseudanthias smithvanizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,smithvanizi,,,,,"(Randall & Lubbock, 1981)", 69591800,Pseudanthias squamipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,squamipinnis,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 69591811,Pseudanthias thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,thompsoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1923)", 69591878,Pseudanthias tuka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,tuka,,,,,"(Herre & Montalban, 1927)", 69591923,Pseudanthias xanthomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,xanthomaculatus,,,,,"(Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979)", 69591978,Pseudogramma astigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,astigma,,,,,"Randall & Baldwin, 1997", 69592009,Pseudogramma australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,australis,,,,,"Randall & Baldwin, 1997","Randall et al. (2002) restricted the name Pseudogramma australis to the individuals found at Easter Island, and provided a replacement name for the individuals previously identified as P. australis in the western Pacific Ocean (Pseudogramma xantha). Therefore, the specimens reported as P. australis in FishNet2 are regarded as P. xantha (accessed through the FishNet2 Portal, www.fishnet2.net, 14/06/2016)." 69592012,Pseudogramma pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,pectoralis,,,,,"Randall & Baldwin, 1997", 69592021,Pseudogramma polyacantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,polyacantha,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)","The Pseudogramma polyacantha species complex was recently split into four valid species: P. polyacantha, occurring from French Polynesia to South Africa; P. brederi from Hawaii to Mauritius; and P. galzini and P. paucilepis, both known only from French Polynesia (Williams and Viviani 2016)." 69592038,Pseudogramma xantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,xantha,,,,,"Randall, Baldwin & Williams, 2002","Randall et al. (2002) restricted the name Pseudogramma australis to the individuals found at Easter Island, and provided a replacement name for the individuals previously identified as P. australis in the western Pacific Ocean (Pseudogramma xantha). Therefore, the specimens reported as P. australis in FishNet2 are regarded as P. xantha (accessed through the FishNet2 Portal, www.fishnet2.net, 14/06/2016)." 69592051,Selenanthias barroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Selenanthias,barroi,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1982)", 69592060,Selenanthias myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Selenanthias,myersi,,,,,"Randall, 1995", 69592071,Serranocirrhitus latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Serranocirrhitus,latus,,,,,"Watanabe, 1949", 69592082,Suttonia lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Suttonia,lineata,,,,,"Gosline, 1960", 69592095,Trachypoma macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Trachypoma,macracanthus,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 69615713,Amnicola limosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Amnicola,limosa,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 69616139,Lyogyrus granum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Lyogyrus,granum,,,,,"(Say, 1822)", 69616303,Lyogyrus walkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,AMNICOLIDAE,Lyogyrus,walkeri,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1898)", 69616870,Spurwinkia salsa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,COCHLIOPIDAE,Spurwinkia,salsa,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1905)", 69617454,Birgella subglobosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Birgella,subglobosus,,,,,"(Say, 1825)", 69617712,Marstonia letsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,letsoni,,,,,"(Walker, 1901)", 69617724,Marstonia lustrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Marstonia,lustrica,,,,,"(Pilsbry, 1890)", 69618071,Probythinella emarginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Probythinella,emarginata,,,,,"(Kuster, 1852)", 69618356,Fluminicola fuscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Fluminicola,fuscus,,,,,"(Haldeman, 1847)", 69618792,Gillia altilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,LITHOGLYPHIDAE,Gillia,altilis,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)", 69618813,Acella haldemani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Acella,haldemani,,,,,"(Binney, 1867)", 69619345,Fisherola nuttalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Fisherola,nuttalli,,,,,"(Haldeman, 1841)", 69620611,Galba galbana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,galbana,,,,,"(Say, 1825)", 69620636,Galba humilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,humilis,,,,,"(Say, 1822)", 69620662,Galba modicella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,modicella,,,,,"(Say, 1825)", 69620696,Galba obrussa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,obrussa,,,,,"(Say, 1825)", 69620727,Galba parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,parva,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)", 69620757,Galba rustica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,rustica,,,,,"(Lea, 1841)", 69620782,Galba techella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,techella,,,,,"Haldeman, 1867", 69620808,Galba vancouverensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,vancouverensis,,,,,"(Baker, 1939)", 69621010,Lymnaea atkaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lymnaea,atkaensis,,,,,"Dall, 1884", 69622798,Stagnicola apicina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,apicina,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)","Clarke (1973) says this species is a synonym for Lymnaea catascopium catascopium. Lee (2000) gives Galba apicina solida as a synonym for Stagnicola solida (Lea 1839), which is not listed in Turgeon et al. (1998) or Johnson et al. (2013). Specimens originally identified as S. apicina by Baker from Michigan were later named S. walkeriana (see the Geographic Range section)." 69622875,Stagnicola arctica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,arctica,,,,,"(Lea, 1864)", 69622894,Stagnicola caperata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,caperata,,,,,"(Say, 1829)", 69622912,Stagnicola emarginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,emarginata,,,,,"(Say, 1821)", 69623056,Stagnicola walkeriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,walkeriana,,,,,"Baker, 1926",Clarke (1973) says this species is a synonym for Lymnaea catascopium catascopium. Specimens originally identified as S. apicina by Baker from Michigan were later named S. walkeriana (see the Geographic Range section). 69623082,Stagnicola woodruffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,woodruffi,,,,,"(Baker, 1901)", 69623954,Aplexa elongata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Aplexa,elongata,,,,,"(Say, 1821)", 69623978,Physa jennessi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,jennessi,,,,,"Dall, 1919", 69624007,Physa sibirica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,sibirica,,,,,"Westerlund, 1876", 69624052,Physa skinneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,skinneri,,,,,"Taylor, 1954", 69624091,Physa vernalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,vernalis,,,,,"Taylor & Jokinen, 1984", 69624175,Physella ancillaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,ancillaria,,,,,"(Say, 1825)", 69624206,Physella hordacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,hordacea,,,,,"(Lea, 1864)", 69624258,Physella lordi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,lordi,,,,,"(Baird, 1863)", 69624283,Physella magnalacustris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,magnalacustris,,,,,"(Walker, 1901)", 69624521,Physella parkeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,parkeri,,,,,"(Currier, 1881)", 69624538,Physella propinqua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,propinqua,,,,,"(Tryon, 1865)", 69624546,Physella vinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,vinosa,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)","Clarke (1981) suggests that it, from ""Lake Superior appears to be a thick-shelled ecologically induced variant of P. gyrina.""" 69624589,Physella virginea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,virginea,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)", 69624615,Physella winnipegensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,winnipegensis,,,,,"Pip, 2004","Wethington et al. (2009) synonymized P. winnipegensis, one of 20 taxa, with Physa acuta; however, no mtDNA data from P. winnipegensis appear in the phylogenetic figures in the paper so the rationale for the synonymy is unknown. D.W. Taylor stated to the species’ describer in 2005 (COSEWIC 2012) that “I certainly believe that it is a valid species” after reviewing a copy of the species’ description; he also examined specimens.

This species was reassigned to the genus Physa by Pip and Franck (2008). The taxonomy validity of this species is uncertain. Although partial sequence molecular analyses of molecular data suggests that P. winnipegensis is distinct (Pip and Franck 2008), a review of other phylogenetic studies and morphological evidence suggests that it falls within the genetic variability of the Physa acuta and Physa integra groups (Department of Fisheries and Oceans 2009)." 69624623,Physella wrighti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,wrighti,,,,,"Te & Clarke, 1985", 69626187,Ferrissia rivularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ferrissia,rivularis,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 69626195,Gyraulus deflectus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,deflectus,,,,,"(Say, 1824)", 69626225,Gyraulus hornensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,hornensis,,,,,"Baker, 1934", 69626368,Helisoma anceps,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Helisoma,anceps,,,,,"(Menke, 1830)", 69626399,Menetus opercularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Menetus,opercularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)", 69626410,Planorbella binneyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,binneyi,,,,,"(Tryon, 1867)",Clarke (1981) called it Helisoma (Pierosoma) trivolvis binneyi. 69626431,Planorbella occidentalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,occidentalis,,,,,"(Cooper, 1870)", 69626451,Planorbella pilsbryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,pilsbryi,,,,,"(Baker, 1926)", 69626464,Planorbella subcrenata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,subcrenata,,,,,"(Carpenter, 1857)", 69626479,Planorbula campestris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbula,campestris,,,,,"(Dawson, 1875)", 69626517,Promenetus exacuous,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Promenetus,exacuous,,,,,"(Say, 1821)", 69626580,Promenetus umbilicatellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Promenetus,umbilicatellus,,,,,"(Cockerell, 1887)", 69629544,Elimia livescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Elimia,livescens,,,,,"(Menke, 1830)", 69629631,Pleurocera acuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLEUROCERIDAE,Pleurocera,acuta,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1831", 69629745,Pomatiopsis lapidaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Pomatiopsis,lapidaria,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 69630401,Juga hemphilli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Juga,hemphilli,,,,,"(Henderson, 1935)", 69630430,Juga plicifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Juga,plicifera,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)", 69630438,Juga silicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Juga,silicula,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)", 69631392,Valvata lewisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,lewisi,,,,,"Currier, 1868", 69632172,Valvata mergella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,mergella,,,,,"Westerlund, 1883", 69632213,Valvata perdepressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,perdepressa,,,,,"Walker, 1906", 69632260,Valvata winnebagoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,winnebagoensis,,,,,"Baker, 1928", 69632293,Campeloma decisum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Campeloma,decisum,,,,,"(Say, 1817)", 69632382,Campeloma milesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Campeloma,milesi,,,,,"(Lea, 1863)","Clarke (1973: 216, 220) considered it a synonym for Campeloma decisum." 64547741,Arcyptera kheili,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arcyptera,kheili,,,,,"Azam, 1900", 69637992,Chorthippus ferdinandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,ferdinandi,,,,,"Vedenina & Helversen, 2009", 69638189,Chorthippus jutlandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,jutlandica,,,,,"Fogh Nielsen, 2003", 69638225,Chorthippus saulcyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,saulcyi,,,,,"(Krauss, 1888)","Recent studies re-organized the binotatus group within the genus Chorthippus (Defaut 2011). This revision proposes two species: C. binotatus and C. saulcyi.

Five sub-species are currently recognized : 

*Chorthippus saulcyi saulcyi (Krauss, 1888), which is widespread on the eastern Pyrenees both on the French side (in the Pyrénée-Orientale department) and on Spanish side (east of the Cerdagne). 

*Chorthippus saulcyi vicdessossi Defaut, 2011, which is widespread in the French Pyrenees (in the Ariège, Haute-Garonne and Hautes-Pyrénées departments).

*Chorthippus saulcyi moralesi Uvarov, 1954, which is widespread in the Catalonian Pyrenees (mainly in Spain, in Aragon and Catalonia, but also in France in Cerdagne).

*Chorthippus saulcyi algoaldensis Chopard 1952, which is widespread in the South Massif Central (Gard, Hérault, Ardèche, Lozère, Aveyron and Tarn Departments).

*Chorthippus saulcyi daimei (Azam, 1893), which is widespread in the French South Alps (in the Alpes-Maritimes, Var and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence departments, but probably not in the Hautes-Alpes Department, where former records exist) and in Italy (in the peaks of Alpi Maritime).

" 69638285,Chorthippus smardai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,smardai,,,,,"Chládek, 2014","The description of Chorthippus smardai lacks clear diagnosis and its distinction from Pseudochorthippus tatrae is problematic. According to its taxonomic affinity, C. smardai should be related to the genus Pseudochorthippus (A. Kristin pers. comm. 2015)." 69641425,Omocestus navasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,navasi,,,,,"Bolívar, 1908", 69642258,Coracinotus presai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Coracinotus,presai,,,,,"Barranco & Gómez, 2014", 69667624,Corsteropleurus chopardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Corsteropleurus,chopardi,,,,,"(Ebner, 1938)","It was previously thought that the taxon authority of this species was (Rungs, 1952). However, Barat (2012) recently indicated that that the correct authority is (Ebner, 1938)." 69667660,Ephippiger melisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,melisi,,,,,"Baccetti, 1959", 69667711,Ephippiger persicarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,persicarius,,,,,"Fruhstorfer, 1921", 68412973,Lluciapomaresius eclipticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lluciapomaresius,eclipticus,,,,,"(Barat, 2004)", 69667958,Neocallicrania barrosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Neocallicrania,barrosi,,,,,"Barat, 2013", 68464919,Pycnogaster cucullatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,cucullatus,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)",Bolívar (1897-1899) doubted the validity of this species. 69668080,Sorapagus catalaunicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Sorapagus,catalaunicus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1898)", 69668544,Ovaliptila kinzelbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Ovaliptila,kinzelbachi,,,,,"(Harz, 1971)", 69668585,Ovaliptila krueperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Ovaliptila,krueperi,,,,,"(Pantel, 1890)", 69668679,Ovaliptila lindbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Ovaliptila,lindbergi,,,,,"(Chopard, 1957)", 69668788,Ovaliptila nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Ovaliptila,nana,,,,,"(Baccetti, 1992)", 69668847,Ovaliptila newmanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Ovaliptila,newmanae,,,,,"(Harz, 1969)", 69669391,Ovaliptila wettsteini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Ovaliptila,wettsteini,,,,,"(Werner, 1934)", 68441216,Myrmecophilus aequispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,aequispina,,,,,"Chopard, 1923", 69669818,Myrmecophilus fuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,fuscus,,,,,"Stalling, 2013", 68443187,Ocnerodes brunnerii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Ocnerodes,brunnerii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1876)","There are two subspecies: Ocnerodes brunneri brunneri (Bolívar, 1876) and Ocnerodes brunneri cyanipes Bolívar, 1902." 69673519,Poecilimon istanbul,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,istanbul,,,,,"Ünal, 2010",This species is in need of a taxonomic study as it is quite similar to P. bosphoricus and P. bidens (D. Sirin pers. comm. 2015). 68458373,Poecilimon nonveilleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,nonveilleri,,,,,"Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2010", 68458971,Poecilimon pseudornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,pseudornatus,,,,,"Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2010", 68314377,Dolichopoda linderii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,linderii,,,,,"(Dufour, 1861)", 69679084,Antaxius bouvieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,bouvieri,,,,,"Chopard, 1924", 47711235,Eupholidoptera bimucronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,bimucronata,,,,,"(Ramme, 1927)", 69680271,Eupholidoptera tyrrhenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,tyrrhenica,,,,,"Allegrucci, Massa, Trasatti & Sbordoni, 2013","This species was formerly recorded from Corsica under several different names, including E. magnifica (Costa, 1863), E. schmidti (Fieber, 1961) and E. chabrieri (Charpentier, 1825)" 44698100,Rhacocleis silvestrii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,silvestrii,,,,,"Ramme, 1939","Ramme (1939) described this species as Rhacocleis silvestrii, named after Prof. F. Silvestri-Portici, but it is often cited as Rhacocleis sylvestrii." 69681526,Gryllomorpha cretensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Gryllomorpha,cretensis,,,,,"Ramme, 1927","The taxonomic status of this species is a matter of debate (Gorochov 2009, 2012). It may be a subspecies of Gryllomorpha dalmatina but this issue has not been definitely settled yet. The taxon was described as Gryllomorpha cretensis by Ramme (1927), however Eades et al. (2014) place the taxon as a subspecies of Gryllomorpha dalmatina Ramme, 1927. Gorochov and Ünal (2012) mentions G. cretensis in the context of G. dalmatina (p.54-55) but the text there states: ""The first taxon [i.e. Gryllomorpha cretensis] is insufficiently studied, and its belonging to G. dalmatina is not evident; however, a single female from Crete I., recently studied by us, is similar to Ramme’s description and distinguished from the above-mentioned Turkish specimens as well as from the other Greek and Montenegro specimens by the smaller body size and transversally banded (not spotted) colouration of abdominal dorsum; this is probably a separate subspecies."" In addition, the paper itself does not make the new combination. Although future studies may indeed prove this to be a subspecies of G. dalmatina, at present we retain G. cretensis as a species (L. Willemse pers. comm. 2015)." 47943654,Ammoecius elevatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,elevatus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 69739731,Allomicrodesmus dorotheae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Allomicrodesmus,dorotheae,,,,,"Schultz, 1966", 69739816,Paraxenisthmus cerberusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Paraxenisthmus,cerberusi,,,,,"Winterbottom & Gill, 2006", 69739933,Rotuma lewisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Rotuma,lewisi,,,,,"Springer, 1988", 69740574,Tyson belos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Tyson,belos,,,,,"Springer, 1983", 69740648,Xenisthmus chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Xenisthmus,chapmani,,,,,"(Schultz, 1966)", 69740837,Xenisthmus clarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Xenisthmus,clarus,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 69740861,Xenisthmus eirospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Xenisthmus,eirospilus,,,,,"Gill & Hoese, 2004", 69740895,Xenisthmus polyzonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Xenisthmus,polyzonatus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 69741115,Zanclus cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZANCLIDAE,Zanclus,cornutus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 69741187,Arnoglossus debilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,debilis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 69741220,Arnoglossus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,japonicus,,,,,"Hubbs, 1915", 69741251,Arnoglossus nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,nigrifrons,,,,,"Amaoka & Mihara, 2000", 69741345,Arnoglossus oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"Amaoka, 1969","This species may be a synonym of Arnoglossus brunneus (Hensley and Amaoka 2001), but is treated as a valid species until additional evidence is available." 69741351,Arnoglossus polyspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,polyspilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 69741708,Arnoglossus septemventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,septemventralis,,,,,"Amaoka & Mihara, 2000", 69741720,Arnoglossus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,tenuis,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 69741856,Asterorhombus cocosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Asterorhombus,cocosensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 69741907,Asterorhombus filifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Asterorhombus,filifer,,,,,"Hensley & Randall, 2003", 69741958,Asterorhombus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Asterorhombus,intermedius,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1865)", 69742023,Bothus constellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,constellatus,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)","This may be a junior synonym of Bothus leopardinus (Hensley 1995, Grove and Lavenberg 1997); further research is needed to clarify its status." 69743659,Chascanopsetta prorigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,prorigera,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 69743737,Engyprosopon arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,arenicola,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 69743759,Engyprosopon bellonaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,bellonaensis,,,,,"Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993", 69743778,Engyprosopon hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 69743867,Engyprosopon hureaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,hureaui,,,,,"Quéro & Golani, 1990", 69743871,Engyprosopon longipelvis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,longipelvis,,,,,"Amaoka, 1969", 69743987,Engyprosopon longipterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,longipterum,,,,,"Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993", 69744004,Engyprosopon macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,macrolepis,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 69744038,Engyprosopon maldivensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,maldivensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 69744154,Engyprosopon marquisensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,marquisensis,,,,,"Amaoka & Séret, 2005", 69744177,Engyprosopon raoulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,raoulensis,,,,,"Amaoka & Mihara, 1995", 69744182,Engyprosopon rostratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,rostratum,,,,,"Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993", 69744195,Engyprosopon septempes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,septempes,,,,,"Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1993", 69744273,Engyprosopon vanuatuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,vanuatuensis,,,,,"Amaoka & Séret, 2005", 69744363,Engyprosopon xenandrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,xenandrus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 69744396,Engyprosopon xystrias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,xystrias,,,,,"Hubbs, 1915", 69744444,Grammatobothus pennatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Grammatobothus,pennatus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1913)", 69745130,Parabothus chlorospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,chlorospilus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 69115853,Awaous jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,jayakari,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 69778589,Parabothus kiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,kiensis,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1918)", 69778885,Taeniopsetta ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Taeniopsetta,ocellata,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 69778947,Taeniopsetta radula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Taeniopsetta,radula,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 69779049,Tosarhombus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Tosarhombus,brevis,,,,,"Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1997", 69779213,Tosarhombus neocaledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Tosarhombus,neocaledonicus,,,,,"Amaoka & Rivaton, 1991", 69779346,Peltorhamphus latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Peltorhamphus,latus,,,,,"James, 1972","Most systematists working with flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) now recognize the Rhombosoleidae as a family (Chapleau and Keast 1988, Chapleau 1993, Guibord 2003, Munroe 2015). 

James (1972) noted significant variation in body proportions for specimens purportedly of Peltorhamphus latus from Blueskin Bay. He considered these differences to represent population variation within the species P. latus. Munroe (2015) examined these and other specimens and found other morphological differences that indicated an undescribed species (Peltorhamphus sp. A) was represented among the specimens from Blueskin Bay. Munroe (2020) provided a formal description of this species, and named it Peltorhamphus kryptostomus." 69779492,Poecilopsetta hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905","Most systematists working with flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) now recognize the Poecilopsettidae as a family (Chapleau and Keast 1988, Chapleau 1993, Guibord 2003, Munroe 2015)." 69779572,Aseraggodes auroculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,auroculus,,,,,"Randall, 2005", 69779611,Aseraggodes bahamondei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,bahamondei,,,,,"Randall & Meléndez C., 1987", 69779638,Aseraggodes borehami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,borehami,,,,,"Randall, 1996", 69779647,Aseraggodes cyclurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,cyclurus,,,,,"Randall, 2005", 69779662,Aseraggodes firmisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,firmisquamis,,,,,"Randall & Bartsch, 2005", 69779925,Aseraggodes heraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,heraldi,,,,,"Randall & Bartsch, 2005", 69779937,Aseraggodes holcomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,holcomi,,,,,"Randall, 2002", 69779969,Aseraggodes lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,lateralis,,,,,"Randall, 2005", 69779983,Aseraggodes magnoculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,magnoculus,,,,,"Randall, 2005", 69780030,Aseraggodes melanostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,melanostictus,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)","Taxonomic revisions in the genus Aseraggodes have resulted in the assignment of many specimens previously assigned to A. melanostictus to other species. For example, Schultz (1943) recorded  A. melanostictus from the Phoenix Islands, but this has been re-identified as A. whitakeri (Randall and Bartsch 2005); Woods in Schultz et al. (1966) identified a specimen from the Marshall Islands as A. melanostictus, but this has been re-identified as A. heraldi (Randall and Bartsch 2005). Other records of specimens assigned to A. melanostictus are lacking voucher specimens, and thus the correct identifications are unable to be confirmed." 69780099,Aseraggodes ramsaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,ramsaii,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1889)", 69780323,Aseraggodes therese,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,therese,,,,,"Randall, 1996", 69780344,Aseraggodes whitakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,whitakeri,,,,,"Woods, 1966", 69780365,Aseraggodes xenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,xenicus,,,,,"(Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963)", 69780520,Dexillus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dexillus,muelleri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 69781742,Pardachirus pavoninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pardachirus,pavoninus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 69781826,Pseudaesopia japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pseudaesopia,japonica,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 69781901,Soleichthys heterorhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,heterorhinos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 69778452,Parabothus coarctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,coarctatus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 69786726,Dactyloptena peterseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,DACTYLOPTERIDAE,Dactyloptena,peterseni,,,,,"(Nyström, 1887)", 69786877,Cociella crocodila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Cociella,crocodila,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","The ""true"" Cociella crocodila is known only from Japan, China and Taiwan; the records of C. crocodila from the western Indian Ocean should be attributed to C. punctata, C. heemstrai and C. somaliensis (Knapp 1996)." 69787135,Cymbacephalus beauforti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Cymbacephalus,beauforti,,,,,"(Knapp, 1973)", 69787355,Onigocia bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Onigocia,bimaculata,,,,,"Knapp, Imamura & Sakashita, 2000", 69787466,Onigocia macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Onigocia,macrolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 69789503,Onigocia oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Onigocia,oligolepis,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 69789808,Onigocia pedimacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Onigocia,pedimacula,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 69789961,Onigocia spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Onigocia,spinosa,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)", 69790220,Rogadius mcgroutheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Rogadius,mcgroutheri,,,,,"Imamura, 2007", 69790273,Rogadius patriciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Rogadius,patriciae,,,,,"Knapp, 1987", 69790309,Rogadius serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Rogadius,serratus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69790438,Rogadius welanderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Rogadius,welanderi,,,,,"(Schultz, 1966)", 69790649,Sunagocia arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sunagocia,arenicola,,,,,"(Schultz, 1966)", 69790740,Sunagocia otaitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sunagocia,otaitensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69800704,Thysanophrys chiltonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Thysanophrys,chiltonae,,,,,"Schultz, 1966", 69793032,Caracanthus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Caracanthus,maculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 69793068,Caracanthus typicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Caracanthus,typicus,,,,,"Krøyer, 1845", 69793201,Caracanthus unipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Caracanthus,unipinna,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 69793403,Dendrochirus barberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Dendrochirus,barberi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1900)", 69793564,Dendrochirus biocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Dendrochirus,biocellatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 69793633,Dendrochirus brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Dendrochirus,brachypterus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",Unpublished data shows that the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean populations are genetically distinct (H. Motomura pers. comm. 2015). 69793471,Dendrochirus bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Dendrochirus,bellus,,,,,"(Jordan & Hubbs, 1925)", 69793953,Dendrochirus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Dendrochirus,zebra,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69794152,Iracundus signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Iracundus,signifer,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 69794251,Neomerinthe megalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neomerinthe,megalepis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)",There is much taxonomic confusion within the genus Neomerinthe (H. Motomura pers. comm. 2015). 69797761,Neomerinthe naevosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neomerinthe,naevosa,,,,,"Motomura, Béarez & Causse, 2011",There is much taxonomic confusion within the genus Neomerinthe (H. Motomura pers. comm. 2015). 69797998,Neomerinthe rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neomerinthe,rufescens,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)",There is much taxonomic confusion within the genus Neomerinthe (H. Motomura pers. comm. 2015). 69798179,Parascorpaena mcadamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parascorpaena,mcadamsi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 69798315,Parascorpaena mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parascorpaena,mossambica,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)","Specimens from the western Indian Ocean likely represent true P. mossambica; however, specimens from the central eastern Indian and Pacific Oceans probably apply to P. armata (H. Motomura unpublished data)." 69798438,Parascorpaena picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parascorpaena,picta,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",This species is often confused with Parascorpaena aurita (Motomura et al. 2009). 69798514,Phenacoscorpius adenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Phenacoscorpius,adenensis,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 69798517,Phenacoscorpius longilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Phenacoscorpius,longilineatus,,,,,"Motomura, Causse & Struthers, 2012", 69798558,Phenacoscorpius longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Phenacoscorpius,longirostris,,,,,"Motomura & Last, 2009", 69798571,Phenacoscorpius megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Phenacoscorpius,megalops,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 69798762,Pontinus nigerimum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,nigerimum,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1983", 69798835,Pontinus rhodochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,rhodochrous,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","Pontinus rhodochrous and Pontinus macrocephalus may represent the same species. Specimens from Japan and Hawaii are referred to as P. macrocephalus, while records from southeast Asia are reported as P. rhodochrous. Further research is needed regarding the validity of these species (H. Motomura pers. comm. 2015). For the purposes of this assessment, and until addition information suggests otherwise, these two species are considered distinct." 69798967,Pteroidichthys amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pteroidichthys,amboinensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1856", 69799144,Pteroidichthys noronhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pteroidichthys,noronhai,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 69799447,Pterois antennata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,antennata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 69799689,Pterois mombasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,mombasae,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)","Pterois mombasae was recently split into two distinct species: P. mombasae, which occurs exclusively in the Indian Ocean, and P. paucispinula sp. nov., which occurs in the Pacific Ocean (Matsunuma and Motomura 2014)." 69799861,Pterois radiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,radiata,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 69800019,Pterois sphex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,sphex,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 69800178,Rhinopias aphanes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Rhinopias,aphanes,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1973", 69800282,Rhinopias cea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Rhinopias,cea,,,,,"Randall & DiSalvo, 1997", 69800391,Rhinopias frondosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Rhinopias,frondosa,,,,,"(Günther, 1892)", 69800498,Rhinopias xenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Rhinopias,xenops,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 169955,Homarus gammarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Homarus,gammarus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 3589,Callopistes maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Callopistes,maculatus,,,,,"Gravenhorst, 1838","Three subspecies are recognized:Callopistes maculatus maculatus, C. m. atacamensis Donoso-Barros, 1960, and C. m. manni Donoso-Barros, 1960." 11996,Liolaemus curis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,curis,,,,,"Núñez & Labra, 1985",Was under Iguanidae. 12000,Liolaemus hellmichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,hellmichi,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1975",Was under Iguanidae. 12002,Liolaemus kuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,kuhlmanni,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1933","Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005) considered Liolaemus kuhlmanni to be a synonym of L. zapallarensis. Lobo et al. (2010) disagree with this synonymy on the basis that it was proposed without justification. Troncoso-Palacios and Garin (2013) indicated that ongoing molecular phylogenetic work showed L. kuhlmanni to be belong to a clade L. zapallarensis and other species and also included it in their diagnosis. However, some other Chilean specialists nevertheless consider it likely that the proposed synonymy is correct (M. de Gamboa pers. comm. 2017)." 12004,Liolaemus leopardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,leopardinus,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1932",Was under Iguanidae. 12005,Liolaemus lorenzmuelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,lorenzmuelleri,,,,,"Hellmich, 1950",Was under Iguanidae. 12007,Liolaemus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,nitidus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)",Was under Iguanidae. 12008,Liolaemus paulinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,paulinae,,,,,"Donoso-Barros, 1961",Was under Iguanidae. 12011,Liolaemus zapallarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,zapallarensis,,,,,"(Müller & Hellmich, 1933)",Was under Iguanidae. 16985,Philodryas chamissonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,chamissonis,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1835)", 18170,Pristidactylus alvaroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,alvaroi,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1975)",Was under Iguanidae. 18171,Pristidactylus valeriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,valeriae,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1966)","Castro and Tobar-González (2014) suggested there may be differences between high-elevation and low-elevation populations of this species on Cantillana, but had access only to lower-elevation specimens that agree with their recently-collected specimen." 44658,Microlophus tarapacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,tarapacensis,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1966)",Was under Iguanidae. 174140,Microlophus yanezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,yanezi,,,,,"(Ortiz-Zapata, 1980)", 176332,Pseudalsophis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudalsophis,elegans,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)","This species has two subspecies:

Pseudalsophis e. elegans (Tschudi, 1845)
P. e. rufidorsatus Günther, 1858.
Tachymenis elongata is a junior synonym of this species (Tipton 2005)." 177928,Liolaemus atacamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,atacamensis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1933", 98580281,Liolaemus stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,stolzmanni,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)","Liolaemus stolzmanni is a member of a poorly-characterized radiation of species whose systematics have long been complicated by restricted access to the remote areas where these lizards occur (Langstroth 2011). Confusion has surrounded the correct attribution of records from northern Chile and adjacent regions of Argentina, Bolivia and Peru) to either Liolaemus stolzmanni or Liolaemus reichei, the oldest available names for taxa from this region, due to inadequacies in or misunderstandings of the original descriptions by subsequent authors (Langstroth 2011). This situation was further complicated by the descriptions of multiple additional taxa from Chile, Peru and Bolivia, with several specimens previously reported as L. reichei being properly attributable to L. poconchilensis and Bolivian material described as L. stolzmanni having been referred to L. pachecoi (Langstroth 2011). Examining photographs of the type series of L. stolzmanni, Langstroth (2011) synonymized L. reichei (as now understood, a species restricted to northern Chile) with this older name and proposed emending the type locality from ""Hoch-Peru"" to ""Deserts of Iquique, Tarapaca Region, Chile"", on the basis that this species is not known to occur anywhere within the territory of modern Peru and indeed appears to be endemic to this area of northern Chile." 178304,Liolaemus maldonadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,maldonadae,,,,,"Núñez, 1991", 178315,Liolaemus juanortizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,juanortizi,,,,,"Young-Downey & Moreno, 1991", 178366,Liolaemus pleopholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pleopholis,,,,,"Laurent, 1998","Liolaemus pleopholis is either a cryptic species or maybe a synonym of L. signifer (Troncoso-Palacios 2014), thus a further taxonomic study is recommended to establish a correct diagnosis of the species." 178403,Liolaemus nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,nigromaculatus,,,,,"Weigmann, 1834","This account follows the species concept proposed Troncoso-Palacios and Garin (2013), who treat Liolaemus copiapensis as a junior synonym, and the former subspecies L. oxycephalus and L. inconspicuus as distinct taxa." 178450,Liolaemus platei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,platei,,,,,"Werner, 1898", 178512,Pristidactylus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Pristidactylus,torquatus,,,,,"(Philippi in Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)", 69179175,Ptereleotris brachyptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,brachyptera,,,,,"Randall & Suzuki, 2008", 69917280,Scorpaena bulacephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,bulacephala,,,,,"Motomura, Last & Yearsley, 2005", 69917385,Scorpaena cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,cardinalis,,,,,"Solander & Richardson, 1842","Scorpaena cardinalis is part of a species complex, including S. jacksoniensis and S. orgila, that was recently redefined (Motomura et al. 2011).  Scorpaena jacksoniensis Steindachner 1866, previously treated as a junior synonym of S. cardinalis Solander and Richardson 1842, is now regarded as valid. Scorpaena cookii Gunther 1874, previously treated as valid, is now regarded as a junior synonyms of S. cardinalis. Australian records of S. cardinalis are S. jacksoniensis. Scorpaena plebeia Solander 1842 is a junior synonym of S. cardinalis. New Zealand records of S. cookii are S. cardinalis (Motomura et al. 2011)." 69917415,Scorpaena colorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,colorata,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 69917655,Scorpaena lacrimata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,lacrimata,,,,,"Randall & Greenfield, 2004", 69917664,Scorpaena pele,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,pele,,,,,"Eschmeyer & Randall, 1975", 69917722,Scorpaenodes albaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,albaiensis,,,,,"(Evermann & Seale, 1907)", 69917860,Scorpaenodes corallinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,corallinus,,,,,"Smith, 1957", 69917918,Scorpaenodes evides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,evides,,,,,"(Jordan & Thompson, 1914)","The recent redescription of Scorpaenodes evides (Motomura et al. 2010) recognized at least seven geographic populations, which may represent more than one subspecies. The true S. evides may be restricted to Japan and Taiwan (Motomura et al. 2010)." 69918183,Scorpaenodes guamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,guamensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Sebastes meleagris may be a junior synonym for this species (Poss 1999). Scorpaenodes guamensis and S. scaber have been recorded widely in the Indo-West Pacific. In the literature, grayish individuals living in rocky reefs are identified as S. guamensis, while the reddish individuals living in coral reefs are identified as S. scaber; however, all individuals are the same species, S. guamensis (H. Motomura unpublished data)." 69918242,Scorpaenodes kelloggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,kelloggi,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)", 69918395,Scorpaenodes minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,minor,,,,,"(Smith, 1958)", 69918402,Scorpaenodes parvipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,parvipinnis,,,,,"(Garrett, 1864)", 69918506,Scorpaenodes scaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,scaber,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)","Scorpaenodes guamensis and S. scaber have been recorded widely in the Indo-West Pacific. In the literature, greyish individuals living in rocky reefs are identified as S. guamensis, while the reddish individuals living in coral reefs are identified as S. scaber; however, all individuals are the same species, S. guamensis. The true S. scaber is known only from two type specimens, collected off southeastern Australia (H. Motomura unpubl. data).

This species is commonly confused with Scorpaenodes guamensis or Scorpaenodes littoralis (Poss 1999)." 69918527,Scorpaenodes varipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,varipinnis,,,,,"Smith, 1957", 69918570,Scorpaenopsis brevifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,brevifrons,,,,,"Eschmeyer & Randall, 1975", 69918587,Scorpaenopsis cacopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,cacopsis,,,,,"Jenkins, 1901", 69918603,Scorpaenopsis crenulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,crenulata,,,,,"Motomura & Causse, 2011", 69918624,Scorpaenopsis diabolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,diabolus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69918815,Scorpaenopsis eschmeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,eschmeyeri,,,,,"Randall & Greenfield, 2004", 69918902,Scorpaenopsis gibbosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,gibbosa,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 69918967,Scorpaenopsis macrochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,macrochir,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910", 69919009,Scorpaenopsis neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,neglecta,,,,,"Heckel, 1839", 69919036,Scorpaenopsis papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,papuensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69919192,Scorpaenopsis pluralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,pluralis,,,,,"Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001", 69919214,Scorpaenopsis possi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,possi,,,,,"Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001", 69919230,Scorpaenopsis pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,pusilla,,,,,"Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001", 69919253,Scorpaenopsis vittapinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,vittapinna,,,,,"Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001", 69919266,Sebastapistes ballieui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,ballieui,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1875)", 69919546,Sebastapistes coniorta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,coniorta,,,,,"Jenkins, 1903", 69919569,Sebastapistes cyanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,cyanostigma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 69919731,Sebastapistes fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,fowleri,,,,,"(Pietschmann, 1934)", 69920041,Sebastapistes galactacma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,galactacma,,,,,"Jenkins, 1903", 69920173,Sebastapistes mauritiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,mauritiana,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69920296,Sebastapistes strongia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,strongia,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69920346,Sebastapistes tinkhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,tinkhami,,,,,"(Fowler, 1946)", 69920774,Erosa erosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Erosa,erosa,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190190,Rachycentron canadum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,RACHYCENTRIDAE,Rachycentron,canadum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 166420,Naziritor chelynoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Naziritor,chelynoides,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)","Generic status of Puntius chelynoides is under debate. Talwar and Jhingran (1991) have considered this species as Tor chelynoides while Jayaram (1999) and Menon (1999) have considered this species as Naziritor chelynoides." 166646,Pethia conchonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,conchonius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic issues regarding this species. 169662,Dawkinsia denisonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,denisonii,,,,,"(Day, 1865)","Puntius denisonii was described by Day (1865) from Mundakkayam, Kerala, southern India." 168486,Pethia didi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,didi,,,,,"(Kullander & Fang, 2005)","Puntius didi is a recently described species. Kullander and Fang (2005) have suggested that Puntius phutunio, recorded by Prashad and Mukerji (1929) from Indawgyi lake and various small muddy and rocky streams of Myitkyina District, northern Myanmar, could be Puntius didi." 168490,Pethia erythromycter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,erythromycter,,,,,"(Kullander, 2008)","Kullander (2008) described this species as Puntius erythromycter from water bodies at Myitkyina and Indawgyi Lake, Myanmar. This species is characterised by a small size (to 33.1 mm SL), a dark band around the caudal peduncle, an abbreviated lateral line, males with reddish snout beset with tubercles, and absence of barbels. Pethia erythromycter is apparently the same species as the ""Lipstick Barb"", introduced in the aquarium hobby in 2006 as two aquarium specimens (NRM 56986, female 25.0 mm SL, male 23.7 mm SL) agree in meristics and colouration with wild specimens (Kullander 2008)." 172488,Dawkinsia exclamatio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,exclamatio,,,,,"(Pethiyagoda & Kottelat, 2005)","
" 172367,Haludaria fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Haludaria,fasciata,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)",This species was moved to Haludaria following Pethiyagoda (2012). There is a need to delineate the species as well as distribution boundaries of H. fasciata and its congener H. melanampyx. 172459,Dawkinsia filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,filamentosa,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)",This species was moved to Dawkinsia following Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). Leuciscus maderaspatensis described from near Chennai which is currently under the synonymy of D. filamentosa needs to be subjected to taxonomic studies. The species currently considered as D. filamentosa may also include D. assimilis and there is hence a need to delineate the exact distribution boundaries of both these species. 166577,Pethia gelius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,gelius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 166607,Pethia guganio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,guganio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 172396,Hypselobarbus jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,jerdoni,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","Talwar and Jhingran (1991) and Jayaram (1999) treat this species as Puntius jerdoni, but Menon & Rema Devi (1995) treated it as Hypselobarbus jerdoni. So, many recent literature use either of the names to denote this species. It is a distinct species." 172398,Haludaria kannikattiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Haludaria,kannikattiensis,,,,,"(Arunachalam & Johnson, 2003)",This species was moved to Haludaria following Pethiyagoda (2012). The species was described from the Kanikkati region of the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu by Arunachalam and Johnson (2003). 168525,Pethia khugae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,khugae,,,,,"(Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2007)","Linthoingambi and Vishwanath (2007) described this species (as Puntius khugae) from Khuga River (Chindwin basin) in Manipur, India." 168594,Pethia macrogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,macrogramma,,,,,"(Kullander, 2008)","Kullander (2008) described this species (as Puntius macrogramma) from the streams near Myitkyina, Kachin State, Myanmar.  " 168450,Pethia manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,manipurensis,,,,,"(Menon, Rema Devi & Vishwanath, 2000)","Menon, Rema and Vishwanath (2000) described this species (as Puntius manipurensis) from Loktak Lake, Manipur, India. This species considered as valid by Kullander and Fang (2005), Vishwanath and Laishram (2004), Kullander and Britz (2008)." 172500,Dawkinsia arulius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,arulius,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","

Jerdon described this species from Srirangapattana in 1849 as Systomus arulius. Subsequently, the species was reported from Kottayam, Thenmalai, Kulathupuzha and Periyar Lake (Menon 1999). However, a new species, Dawkinsia exclamatio was later described from Thenmalai and Kulathupuzha as a different species (Pethiyagoda and Kottelat 2005). But Knight et al. (2011) speculates that D. exclamatio are possible hybrids between D. arulius with D. filamentosa. Since there are no recent records of D. arulius from either Kallada or Periyar there is a need to check for existing voucher specimens if any, to validate the historic occurrence (and their later extirpation) of the species in this region.

" 195364,Dawkinsia assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,assimilis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","The correct scientific name of the species should be Dawkinsia assimilis following Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). The species was described as Systomus assimilis by Jerdon (1849) from the erstwhile region of Canara (present day South Karnataka), India. Pethiyagoda and Kottelat (2005) remarked that different populations of D. assimilis may turn out to be distinct species following additional studies but that they should be treated as conspecific for the present.

Record of this species from the east flowing Bhavani river in Tamil Nadu is because of the tentative placement of Puntius lepidus Day under D. assimilis  (Pethiyagoda and Kottelat 2005). Further taxonomic studies are required to understand the taxonomic status of P. lepidus." 172312,Dawkinsia chalakkudiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,chalakkudiensis,,,,,"(Menon, Rema Devi & Thobias, 1999)","Sahyadria chalakkudiensis was described (as Puntius chalakkudiensis) by Menon, Remadevi and Thobias (1999) from the Chalakudy River, Kerala, India." 47694054,Petaloptila fragosoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,fragosoi,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1885)", 70204120,Herpestes auropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,auropunctatus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)","The Small Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus and Javan Mongoose H. javanicus have been considered as one species by some previous authors, as H. javanicus. However, the molecular studies of Veron et al. (2006) and Patou et al. (2009) showed that they are separate species; this is also supported by morphological evidence (Taylor and Matheson 1999). The operational problems of this division are considerable: a paucity of specimens makes it unclear how many and which species are present in large tracts of the combined range, including China and parts of northern South-East Asia (Veron et al. 2006).

The enigmatic taxon Herpestes palustris Ghose, 1965 is here considered conspecific with H. auropunctatus, although it has not been considered in recent investigations into mongoose taxonomy, and it remains widely treated elsewhere at species level (Mallick 2011 and references therein).

Patou et al. (2009) showed that the nine species of Asian Herpestes form a monophyletic group, and recommended that they be placed in the genus Urva." 16084492,Pseudochorthippus tatrae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pseudochorthippus,tatrae,,,,,"(Harz, 1971)",The species was recently moved into the genus Pseudochorthippus by Defaut (2012). It is often referred to as Chorthippus tatrae. 15039831,Miramella ebneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Miramella,ebneri,,,,,"Galvagni, 1953","

The genus Capraiuscola was previously considered a sub-genus of Miramella, but it was upgraded to genus in 2014. This change was made without a clear statement to revise the status of this taxon. The authors (Chintauan-Marquier et al. 2014) compared a small sample of the sub-tribe Miramellina and the speciation of Capraiuscola is mentioned in comparison with Podisma. Thus, for the purposes of this assessment, the species is currently regarded here within the genus Miramella.

" 16084472,Odontopodisma acuminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,acuminata,,,,,"Kis, 1962", 16084383,Odontopodisma albanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,albanica,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 16084554,Odontopodisma carpathica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,carpathica,,,,,"Kis, 1962", 16084534,Odontopodisma rammei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,rammei,,,,,"Harz, 1973","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear, as it may possibly be a synonym of Odontopodisma fallax (J. Skejo pers. comm. 2016)." 16084382,Odontopodisma schmidtii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,schmidtii,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)", 15038919,Paracaloptenus cristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Paracaloptenus,cristatus,,,,,"Willemse, 1973", 16084448,Platypygius crassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Platypygius,crassus,,,,,"(Karny, 1907)","This species most probably represents a senior synonym of Demirsoyus salmani Sirin and Ciplak, 2004 in Yalim et al. (2004) (F. Willemse pers. comm. 2005)." 70205771,Arctonyx hoevenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Arctonyx,hoevenii,,,,,"(Hubrecht, 1891)","For many decades the genus Arctonyx was universally considered monospecific, under the oldest available name, A. collaris. It has been proposed that the genus contains multiple species: Sumatran Hog Badger A. hoevenii is disjunct from the rest of the genus's range (Helgen et al. 2008)." 70206273,Arctonyx albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Arctonyx,albogularis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1853)","For many decades the genus Arctonyx was universally considered monospecific, under the oldest available name, A. collaris. It has been proposed that the genus contains multiple species: Sumatran Hog Badger A. hoevenii is disjunct from the rest of the genus's range, whilst Northern Hog Badger A. albogularis and Greater Hog Badger A. collaris (sensu stricto) occur in mainland Asia, with a poorly understood zone of overlap or contact (Helgen et al. 2008). This revision was not accepted by Choudhury (2013) who furthermore queried the neotype and accompanying type locality selected for A. collaris by Helgen et al. (2008). Nonetheless, Helgen et al. (2008: 369) were explicit that ""the absolute, striking distinctions in size, pelage and qualitative cranial morphology between available adult samples of A. albogularis and A. collaris indicate no intergradation between these taxa"". Therefore, three species of hog badger are recognized here." 70207817,Mustela russelliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,russelliana,,,,,"Thomas, 1911","Mustela russelliana was described as a species in 1911 but received little attention before Ellerman & Morrison Scott (1951) relegated it to the status of a subspecies of Least Weasel M. nivalis. It then consequently received even less attention, to the extent that when in 1991 a further new species was described from China, russelliana was mentioned, but, being supposedly a mere subspecies of M. nivalis, was not specially compared with the new species, M. aistoodonnivalis Wu & Kao, 1991. Groves (2007) reviewed the hypodigm upon which the name M. russelliana was based - which was the only material he could trace, and probably constitutes an adult female and her litter (Allen 1938) - and the original description of M. aistoodonnivalis, supplemented by photographs. He concluded that both were valid species, and that they were probably closer to Yellow-bellied Weasel M. kathiah than to Least Weasel. On the information available, they differed from each other only in size and his proposed treatment of them as species was expressly under a phylogenetic species concept, based on measurements. For the time being, until more material is available, M. aistoodonnivalis is treated here a conspecific with M. russelliana. Both were treated as conspecific with M. nivalis by Wozencraft (2005, 2008), whereas Wang (2003) treated M. aistoodonnivalis as a species but M. russelliana (of which all known specimens are in UK) as a subspecies of M. nivalis." 70207949,Mustela tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,tonkinensis,,,,,"Björkegren, 1941","Mustela tonkinensis was described as a species by Björkegren (1941). Shortly thereafter it was included within Least Weasel M. nivalis, although some considered it a form of Yellow-bellied Weasel M. kathiah, and some treated it as a separate species (reviewed in Abramov 2006). The first modern re-examination of the specimen concluded that it was best treated as a subspecies of M. nivalis (Abramov 2006). The next concluded that, while it was indeed not markedly distinct externally it warranted species status on the basis of skull differences (Groves 2007). This was explicitly under a phylogenetic species concept, with the suggestion that many other taxa currently treated as subspecies of M. nivalis might also warrant species-level treatment under the same taxonomic philosophy (Groves 2007)." 68454064,Podismopsis frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podismopsis,frontalis,,,,,"Mishchenko, 1951", 16084527,Podismopsis relicta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podismopsis,relicta,,,,,"Ramme, 1931", 16084426,Pseudopodisma nagyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pseudopodisma,nagyi,,,,,"Galvagni & Fontana, 1996",P. nagyi has been described on the basis of small differences with P. fieberi and P. transilvanica in the male aedeagus. Nagy et al. (2010) suggest that it may be a synonym (or subspecies) of P. fieberi. 16084471,Pseudopodisma transilvanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pseudopodisma,transilvanica,,,,,"Galvagni & Fontana, 1993", 16084586,Stenobothrus croaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,croaticus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1933)",
 16084425,Stenobothrus crassipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,crassipes,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)", 16084389,Stenobothrus posthumus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,posthumus,,,,,"Ramme, 1931", 68380508,Gryllomorpha albanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Gryllomorpha,albanica,,,,,"Ebner, 1910", 68380813,Gryllopsis caspicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Gryllopsis,caspicus,,,,,"Gorochov, 1986", 68460149,Pseudomogoplistes byzantius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Pseudomogoplistes,byzantius,,,,,"Gorochov, 1995", 68441442,Myrmecophilus nonveilleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,nonveilleri,,,,,"Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2008", 64547977,Asiotmethis limbatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Asiotmethis,limbatus,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1845)", 68446564,Paranocaracris bulgaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Paranocaracris,bulgaricus,,,,,"(Ebner & Drenowski, 1936)", 64549053,Barbitistes kaltenbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,kaltenbachi,,,,,"Harz, 1965","Some records from localities outside Hvar island were thought to belong to B. kaltenbachi, however the females are not distinguishable from B. yersini at the moment and research on their identity is needed. Until then, records outside of Hvar that are based only on females are disregarded here." 64549495,Barbitistes ocskayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,ocskayi,,,,,"Charpentier, 1850",The western subpopulation of this species needs to be compared with the eastern subpopulation to verify if they are conspecific. 64865908,Isophya andreevae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,andreevae,,,,,"Peshev, 1981", 68398568,Isophya boldyrevi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,boldyrevi,,,,,"Miram, 1938", 68401310,Isophya brunneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,brunneri,,,,,"Retowski, 1888", 64866144,Isophya bureschi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,bureschi,,,,,"Peshev, 1959", 62147291,Isophya camptoxypha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,camptoxypha,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)", 62147313,Isophya ciucasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,ciucasi,,,,,"Iorgu & Iorgu, 2010", 172391,Pethia punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,punctata,,,,,"(Day, 1865)","

Pethia punctata was described by Day (1865) from the erstwhile princely state of Cochin, Kerala, India. Katwate et al. (2014b) redescribed the species based on original type material and synonymized P. muvattupuzhaensis under P. punctata based on the study of types and genetic analysis of fresh collections.

" 168561,Pethia nankyweensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,nankyweensis,,,,,"Kullander, 2008","Kullander (2008) described Puntius nankyweensis from Myanmar and placed under the P. conchonius species group. Kullander and Britz (2008) considered it as valid species." 172426,Eechathalakenda ophicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Eechathalakenda,ophicephalus,,,,,"(Raj, 1941)","Puntius ophicephalus was described by Raj (1941) from Kallar, a tributary of Pampa River, a few miles south of Periyar Lake, Kerala, Travancore, India. This species was re-discovered after half a century at Mlappara inside the Periyar Tiger Reserve (Zacharias et al 1996). This fish was placed in the genus Eechathalakenda by Menon (1999)." 168481,Pethia ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,ornata,,,,,"(Vishwanath & Laisram, 2004)","Vishwanath and Laishram (2004) described Puntius ornatus from Moreh, Manipur, India. Shantakumar and Vishwanath  (2006), and Kullander (2008) considered it as valid species." 168583,Pethia padamya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,padamya,,,,,"(Kullander & Britz, 2008)","Kullander and Britz (2008) described Puntius padamya from the Ayeyarwaddy River drainage, Myanmar and placed under the Puntius conchonius species group. According to them, Puntius padamya is apparently the same species as the ornamental fish species known as the “Odessa barb” which was first introduced in the aquarium trade in the early 1970s. It was said to have first appeared in pet fish enthusiasts’ circles in Odessa, Ukraine, from where it got the name, and was treated later variously as an undescribed species of unknown origin, as a subspecies of P. ticto (Stallknecht 1973), or as P. conchonius (Axelrod et al. 1980)." 64866308,Isophya clara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,clara,,,,,"Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2010", 44709818,Isophya costata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,costata,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 68398749,Isophya dobrogensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,dobrogensis,,,,,"Kis, 1994", 68401305,Isophya doneciana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,doneciana,,,,,"Bey-Bienko, 1954", 68401189,Isophya fatrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,fatrensis,,,,,"Chládek, 2007", 17046330,Isophya gulae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,gulae,,,,,"Peshev, 1981", 64866649,Isophya hospodar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,hospodar,,,,,"(Saussure, 1898)", 68399046,Isophya kraussii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,kraussii,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 64867077,Isophya longicaudata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,longicaudata,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 64867531,Isophya miksici,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,miksici,,,,,"Peshev, 1985", 62147367,Isophya modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,modesta,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1867)", 64868937,Isophya obtusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,obtusa,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882", 62147304,Isophya pienensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,pienensis,,,,,"Maran, 1954", 64869058,Isophya plevnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,plevnensis,,,,,"Peshev, 1985", 62147349,Isophya posthumoidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,posthumoidalis,,,,,"Bazyluk, 1971", 64869136,Isophya rhodopensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,rhodopensis,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 62147322,Isophya sicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,sicula,,,,,"Orci, Szövényi & Nagy, 2010", 68399947,Isophya stepposa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,stepposa,,,,,"Bey-Bienko, 1954", 62147358,Isophya stysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,stysi,,,,,"Cejchan, 1957", 68400176,Isophya taurica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,taurica,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 62147381,Isophya zubowskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,zubowskii,,,,,"Bey-Bienko, 1954", 44709453,Leptophyes intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,intermedia,,,,,"Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2010", 68454454,Poecilimon albolineatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,albolineatus,,,,,"Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2010","Future taxonomic and faunistic research on the Poecilimon elegans species complex (including P. albolineatus) would help to clarify the distribution and ecology of this taxon, which was formerly regarded as P. elegans." 45463520,Poecilimon ampliatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,ampliatus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 68454987,Poecilimon fussii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,fussii,,,,,"Fieber, 1878", 45466571,Poecilimon gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,gracilis,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)", 45463609,Poecilimon heroicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,heroicus,,,,,"Stshelkanovtzev, 1911", 45466602,Poecilimon jablanicensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,jablanicensis,,,,,"Chobanov & Heller, 2010", 17046334,Poecilimon pechevi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,pechevi,,,,,"Andreeva, 1978", 68458945,Poecilimon pliginskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,pliginskii,,,,,"Miram, 1929","The great variation and genetic similarity (Kaya et al. 2012, D. Chobanov pers. comm. 2015) suggest close relationships of P. tauricus and P. pliginskii and their possible infraspecific relationships. Kaya et al. (2012) consider Poecilimon boldyrevi to be a synonym of P. pliginskii." 68459476,Poecilimon ukrainicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,ukrainicus,,,,,"Bey-Bienko, 1951",The taxonomic status of Poecilimon ukrainicus and Poecilimon fussi needs further study. 68459571,Poecilimon vodnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,vodnensis,,,,,"Karaman, 1958", 68313567,Dolichopoda araneiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,araneiformis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1838)",This species possibly includes more than one sibling taxa (J. Skejo pers. comm. 2015). All records of D. palpata from the western Balkans and the Adriatic coast belong to this species. 68485460,Troglophilus brevicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,brevicauda,,,,,"Chopard, 1934", 68485560,Troglophilus lazaropolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,lazaropolensis,,,,,"Karaman, 1958", 68485569,Troglophilus neglectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,neglectus,,,,,"Krauss, 1879", 68485573,Troglophilus ovuliformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,ovuliformis,,,,,"Karny, 1907", 68485587,Troglophilus zorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,zorae,,,,,"Karaman & Pavicevic, 2011", 64529676,Anadrymadusa retowskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anadrymadusa,retowskii,,,,,"(Adelung, 1907)", 44710621,Bradyporus montandoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Bradyporus,montandoni,,,,,"(Burr, 1898)", 64551374,Broughtonia domogledi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Broughtonia,domogledi,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 68280851,Conocephalus ebneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,ebneri,,,,,"Harz, 1966",This species is considered to possibly represent a local form of C. dorsalis by Willemse (1984). Taxonomic research is necessary to clarify the status of this species. 68315330,Ephippiger discoidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,discoidalis,,,,,"Fieber, 1853", 68427655,Metrioptera hoermanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,hoermanni,,,,,"(Werner, 1906)","This species should be compared with M. karnyana, because according to the analyses performed so far they seem quite similar." 68427749,Metrioptera karnyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,karnyana,,,,,"Uvarov, 1924",This species should be compared with M. hoermanni because according to the analyses performed so far they seem quite similar. 68427761,Metrioptera prenjica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,prenjica,,,,,"(Burr, 1899)",

The large gap between the northern and southern subpopulations and the high degree of long-term isolation in different mountain ranges suggest a considerable infraspecific variability which requires detailed taxonomic research.

44712071,Bicolorana kraussi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Bicolorana,kraussi,,,,,"(Padewieth, 1900)", 68439525,Modestana modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Modestana,modesta,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)", 68440028,Montana macedonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Montana,macedonica,,,,,"(Berland & Chopard, 1922)", 68446174,Pachytrachis bosniacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pachytrachis,bosniacus,,,,,"Messina, 1979","This species is very poorly known from a description based on three specimens. Thus, its systematics and distribution are in need of thorough research." 68446338,Pachytrachis tumidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pachytrachis,tumidus,,,,,"Ingrisch & Pavicevic, 2010", 68451548,Pholidoptera ebneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,ebneri,,,,,"Ramme, 1931","This species is closely related to Pholidoptera stankoi Karaman, and they are probably synonymous (D. Chobanov pers. comm. 2015)." 68451938,Pholidoptera rhodopensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,rhodopensis,,,,,"Maran, 1953",The taxonomic status of this species is still uncertain (Chobanov 2011) and needs further investigation. 62148044,Pholidoptera transsylvanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,transsylvanica,,,,,"(Fischer, 1853)", 68469288,Tessellana carinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tessellana,carinata,,,,,"(Berland & Chopard, 1922)", 68486027,Uromenus dyrrhachiacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Uromenus,dyrrhachiacus,,,,,"(Karny, 1918)", 68486506,Zeuneriana amplipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zeuneriana,amplipennis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 47687601,Arcyptera alzonai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arcyptera,alzonai,,,,,"Capra, 1938", 16084386,Arcyptera tornosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arcyptera,tornosi,,,,,"Bolívar, 1884", 166653,Pethia phutunio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,phutunio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 172333,Pethia pookodensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,pookodensis,,,,,"(Mercy & Jacob, 2007)","This species was moved to Pethia following Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). Pethia pookodensis was first described by Mercy and Jacob (2007) from Pookode Lake, Wayanad, Kerala, India." 188749,Dawkinsia rohani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,rohani,,,,,"(Rema Devi, Indra & Knight, 2010)","This species was moved to Dawkinsia following Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). The species was described from the hill streams of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India (Rema Devi et al. 2010)." 172411,Pethia setnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,setnai,,,,,"(Chhapgar & Sane, 1992)","This species was moved to Pethia following Pethiyagoda et al. (2012) and Katwate et al. (2013). Puntius setnai was described by Chhapgar and Sane (1992) from Sanguem and Ponda in Goa, India. Previously this species was confused with Puntius nigrofasciatus (Yazdani 1977) and Puntius narayani (Chhapgar and Sane 1980)." 166441,Pethia shalynius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,shalynius,,,,,"(Yazdani & Talukdar, 1975)","Pethia shalynius can be confused for Puntius ticto. Yazdani and Talikdar (1975) have suspected that the record of Puntius ticto by Sehegal (1959) from Shillong, Jowai and Jaintiapur areas of Khasi and Jaintia hills are erroneous and should be treated as Puntius shalynius." 172505,Pethia sharmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,sharmai,,,,,"(Menon & Rema Devi, 1993)","Pethia sharmai was described (as Puntius sharmai)by Menon and Rema Devi (1993) from Mogappair, West Annanagar, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. The species was moved to Pethia following Knight (2013)." 168504,Pethia stoliczkana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,stoliczkana,,,,,"(Day, 1871)","This species has been considered as a junior synonym of P. ticto (Hora et al. 1937, Talwar and Jhingran 1991, Jayaram 1991, Menon 1999). Nevertheless, recently several authors have treated this species as a valid species distinct from P. ticto (Menon et al. 2000, Kullander and Fang 2005, Shantakumar and Vishwanath  2006, Linthoingambi and Vishwanath  2007). Linthoingambi and Vishwanath  (2007) have discussed the status of P. ticto and P. stoliczkana and have highlighted the characters which separate these species." 172449,Dawkinsia tambraparniei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,tambraparniei,,,,,"(Silas, 1954)","This species was transferred to Dawkinsia following Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). Dawkinsia tambraparniei was described as Puntius arulius tambraparniei from Tambraparini River, Tamil Nadu by Silas (1954). The species status was validated by Pethiyagoda and Kottelat (2005) in their revision of the Puntius filamentosus complex." 168429,Pethia thelys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,thelys,,,,,"(Kullander, 2008)","Kullander (2008) described Puntius thelys from the streams near Myitkyina, and Lake Indawgyi, Myanmar. The species has been transferred to Pethia following Kottelat (2013)." 14870997,Chorthippus lacustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,lacustris,,,,,"La Greca & Messina, 1975", 168533,Pethia tiantian,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,tiantian,,,,,"(Kullander & Fang, 2005)","This species has been transferred to Pethia following Kottelat (2013). Kullander and Fang (2005) have suggested that the specimen of Barbus stoliczkanus reported from a hill stream near Tanja (Putao), northernmost Myanmar, by Chaudhuri (1919) could be P. tiantian." 166621,Pethia ticto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,ticto,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic issues regarding this species. 168523,Pethia yuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,yuensis,,,,,"(Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 2003)","Arunkumar and Tombi (2002) described Puntius yuensis from Makland River near Moreh, Manipur, India. Kullander and Fang (2005) and Kullander (2008) considered it as valid species." 70493174,Liolaemus chungara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chungara,,,,,"Quinteros, Valladares, Semham, Acosta, Barrionuevo & Abdala, 2014", 70493243,Liolaemus ubaghsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,ubaghsi,,,,,"Esquerré, Troncoso-Palacios, Garín & Núñez, 2014", 70493650,Liolaemus villaricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,villaricensis,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1932", 70494751,Phymaturus aguedae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,aguedae,,,,,"Troncoso-Palacios & Esquerré, 2014","Demangel Miranda (2016) included Phymaturus aguedae in the synonymy of P. darwini, a decision subsequently rejected by Troncoso-Palacios et al. (2019)." 70560176,Nothophantes horridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Nothophantes,horridus,,,,,"Merrett & Stevens, 1995","The Horrid Ground-weaver (Nothophantes horridus Merrett & Stevens, 1995) is a recently described species of small linyphiid spider (total body length of just 2.5 mm). It is also the only known representative of the genus." 16084579,Chorthippus biroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,biroi,,,,,"(Kuthy, 1907)", 16084612,Chorthippus moreanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,moreanus,,,,,"Willemse, Helversen & Odé, 2009", 16084456,Chorthippus parnon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,parnon,,,,,"Willemse, Helversen & Odé, 2009", 16084479,Chorthippus pulloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,pulloides,,,,,"(Ramme, 1926)", 16084530,Chorthippus sangiorgii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,sangiorgii,,,,,"(Finot, 1902)", 16084594,Chorthippus willemsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,willemsei,,,,,"Harz, 1971", 16084625,Oedipoda venusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oedipoda,venusta,,,,,"Fieber, 1853", 16084417,Oropodisma kyllinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,kyllinii,,,,,"Willemse, 1971", 16084623,Oropodisma lagrecai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,lagrecai,,,,,"Willemse, 1979", 16084459,Oropodisma macedonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,macedonica,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 16084516,Oropodisma parnassica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,parnassica,,,,,"(Scudder, 1897)", 16084561,Oropodisma taygetosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,taygetosi,,,,,"Willemse, 1972", 16084584,Oropodisma tymphrestosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,tymphrestosi,,,,,"Willemse, 1972", 16084362,Peripodisma tymphii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Peripodisma,tymphii,,,,,"Willemse, 1972", 16084473,Pezotettix cypria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pezotettix,cypria,,,,,"Dirsh, 1949", 16084574,Pezotettix lagoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pezotettix,lagoi,,,,,"Jannone, 1936", 16084449,Sphingonotus crivellarii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,crivellarii,,,,,"Jannone, 1936",The taxonomic status of Sphingonotus crivellarii is not clear. Whether it is indeed a distinct species or not still needs to be confirmed. 16084627,Stenobothrus clavatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,clavatus,,,,,"Willemse, 1979", 16084373,Xerohippus azami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Xerohippus,azami,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1901)","There have been three species of Desert Grasshoppers described from Cyprus, all three of them endemic to Cyprus. The distinction between the three species is not clear which makes an assessment of these species impossible. Consequently, the assessment for all three species of Xerohippus will be Data Deficient on taxonomic grounds." 16084394,Xerohippus cyprius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Xerohippus,cyprius,,,,,"Uvarov, 1942","There have been three species of Desert Grasshoppers described from Cyprus, all three of them endemic to Cyprus. The distinction between the three species is not clear which makes an assessment of these species impossible. Consequently, the assessment for all three species of Xerohippus will be Data Deficient on taxonomic grounds." 16084366,Xerohippus sinuosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Xerohippus,sinuosus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1942","There have been three species of Desert Grasshoppers described from Cyprus, all three of them endemic to Cyprus. The distinction between the three species is not clear which makes an assessment of these species impossible. Consequently, the assessment for all three species of Xerohippus will be Data Deficient on taxonomic grounds." 16084408,Xerohippus solerii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Xerohippus,solerii,,,,,"(Jannone, 1936)", 68439626,Modicogryllus cyprius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Modicogryllus,cyprius,,,,,"(Saussure, 1877)", 68380920,Gryllotalpa krimbasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,krimbasi,,,,,"Baccetti, 1992","This species was described from the eastern Aegean island of Kos (Baccetti 1992). Baccetti described this species on the basis of the studies of Krimbas (1956a, 1956b, 1960), who found two Gryllotalpa species with different chromosome numbers in Greece. G. krimbasi has 19 chromosomes and Baccetti considered his specimen as typical for this form which was found by Krimbas in many places of the Greek mainland (see map 109a in Willemse 1984). Ingrisch et al. (2006) present further morphological details of krimbasi after material from Fthiotis, Central Greece, with a chromosome number of about 19" 68439867,Mogoplistes kinzelbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Mogoplistes,kinzelbachi,,,,,"Harz, 1976", 44698010,Glyphanus obtusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Glyphanus,obtusus,,,,,"Fieber, 1853", 68380404,Glyphotmethis heldreichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Glyphotmethis,heldreichi,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 68444760,Orchamus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Orchamus,gracilis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 68444850,Orchamus raulinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Orchamus,raulinii,,,,,"(Lucas, 1854)", 64337698,Acrometopa cretensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Acrometopa,cretensis,,,,,"Ramme, 1927",Acrometopa cretensis is a species with two subspecies: A. cretensis cretensis and A. cretensis daedali; see also the Orthoptera Species File (orthoptera.speciesfile.org/). This assessment is based on (distribution) data of the species. 17181617,Isophya lemnotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,lemnotica,,,,,"Werner, 1932", 68399176,Isophya mavromoustakisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,mavromoustakisi,,,,,"Uvarov, 1936", 64869596,Isophya thracica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,thracica,,,,,"Karabag, 1962", 64869701,Isophya tosevski,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,tosevski,,,,,"Pavicevic, 1983", 17181748,Leptophyes lisae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,lisae,,,,,"Heller, 1988", 17181859,Metaplastes oertzeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metaplastes,oertzeni,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891)", 17181896,Poecilimon aegaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,aegaeus,,,,,"Werner, 1932", 17181947,Poecilimon cretensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,cretensis,,,,,"Werner, 1903", 17181974,Poecilimon gerlindae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,gerlindae,,,,,"Lehmann, Willemse & Heller, 2006", 17181977,Poecilimon gracilioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,gracilioides,,,,,"Willemse & Heller, 1992", 68458212,Poecilimon mariannae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,mariannae,,,,,"Heller, 1988", 45466621,Poecilimon nobilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,nobilis,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 45466644,Poecilimon obesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,obesus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 68458389,Poecilimon orbelicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,orbelicus,,,,,"Pancic, 1883", 45466779,Poecilimon paros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,paros,,,,,"Heller & Reinhold, 1992", 68458962,Poecilimon propinquus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,propinquus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 45466695,Poecilimon soulion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,soulion,,,,,"Willemse, 1987", 68459242,Poecilimon thessalicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,thessalicus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891", 68459544,Poecilimon veluchianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,veluchianus,,,,,"Ramme, 1933", 68459582,Poecilimon werneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,werneri,,,,,"Ramme, 1933", 68459596,Poecilimon zimmeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,zimmeri,,,,,"Ramme, 1933", 68465230,Pyrgomorpha cypria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PYRGOMORPHIDAE,Pyrgomorpha,cypria,,,,,"Bolívar, 1901", 68313516,Dolichopoda annae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,annae,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1973", 17046304,Dolichopoda dalensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,dalensi,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1972", 17046311,Dolichopoda giachinoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,giachinoi,,,,,"Rampini & di Russo, 2008", 68314157,Dolichopoda graeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,graeca,,,,,"Chopard, 1964", 68314228,Dolichopoda insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,insignis,,,,,"Chopard, 1955", 17046317,Dolichopoda ithakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,ithakii,,,,,"Rampini & di Russo, 2008", 17046320,Dolichopoda kiriakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,kiriakii,,,,,"Rampini and Di Russo, 2008", 17046297,Dolichopoda lustriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,lustriae,,,,,"Rampini & di Russo, 2008", 68314432,Dolichopoda makrykapa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,makrykapa,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1980", 68314461,Dolichopoda matsakisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,matsakisi,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1972", 68314517,Dolichopoda naxia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,naxia,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1973", 39955,Pithecia napensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,napensis,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1938",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 70609893,Pithecia isabela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,isabela,,,,,"Marsh, 2014",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 70612537,Vichetia knipperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Vichetia,knipperi,,,,,"(Ramme, 1951)","The species needs taxonomic revision. It has been synonymized with V. oblongicollis by Willemse (1977) but reestablished as a species by Massa and Fontana (2011). According to the variation observed by Willemse (1977, 1984) the synonymy of Vichetia knipperi and V. oblongicollis is very probable." 70613073,Myrmecophilus balcanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,balcanicus,,,,,"Stalling, 2013",This species needs further taxonomic research to identify the differences with M. nonveilleri (the only difference stated so far is its colour). 70613694,Dolichopoda giulianae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,giulianae,,,,,"Rampini & Di Russo, 2012", 70613898,Troglophilus zoiai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,zoiai,,,,,"Di Russo, Rampini & Cobolli, 2014", 62202,Lepidomeda mollispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lepidomeda,mollispinis,,,,,"Miller & Hubbs, 1960", 156871,Hemicycla gomerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,gomerensis,,,,,"(Morelet, 1864)", 17046324,Dolichopoda patrizii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,patrizii,,,,,"Chopard, 1964", 17046327,Dolichopoda pavesii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,pavesii,,,,,"Galvagni, 2002", 68314680,Dolichopoda petrochilosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,petrochilosi,,,,,"Chopard, 1954", 68315084,Dolichopoda unicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,unicolor,,,,,"Chopard, 1964", 68315135,Dolichopoda vandeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,vandeli,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1970", 68485526,Troglophilus lagoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,lagoi,,,,,"Mennozi, 1934", 68485565,Troglophilus marinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,marinae,,,,,"Rampini & Di Russo, 2003", 64529440,Anadrymadusa brevipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anadrymadusa,brevipennis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 44710646,Bradyporus oniscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Bradyporus,oniscus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1838)", 64552175,Bucephaloptera cypria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Bucephaloptera,cypria,,,,,"Ramme, 1933", 68281269,Conocephalus grebenchikovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,grebenchikovi,,,,,"Uvarov, 1942", 44711866,Eupholidoptera pallipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,pallipes,,,,,"Willemse & Kruseman, 1976", 68380124,Exodrymadusa inornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Exodrymadusa,inornata,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1936)", 68380211,Gampsocleis abbreviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Gampsocleis,abbreviata,,,,,"Herman, 1874", 68427881,Metrioptera tsirojanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,tsirojanni,,,,,"Harz & Pfau, 1983", 44712056,Modestana ebneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Modestana,ebneri,,,,,"(Ramme, 1926)", 68450071,Parnassiana chelmos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,chelmos,,,,,"(Zeuner, 1941)", 68450152,Parnassiana coracis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,coracis,,,,,"(Ramme, 1921)","Zeuner (1941) described Parnassiana tymphrestos from Mt.Timfristos (= Mt. Veluchi, compare Ramme, 1931). Ramme (1951) discussed the possible synonymy of P. tymphrestos and P. coracis but, not being aware that Mt. Korax is close to Mt. Timfristos, and by lack of material of P. tymphrestos, did not solve it, and the matter remains unsolved. For the time being, the material from Mt. Vardhousia recorded under P. tymphrestos in F. Willemse (1980 & 1984) should be transferred to Platycleis (Parnassiana) coracis Ramme, 1920. Likewise a re-evaluation of the population of Mt. Oiti, also arranged under P. tymphrestos in F. Willemse (1973 & 1980) appears necessary." 68450165,Parnassiana dirphys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,dirphys,,,,,"(Willemse, 1980)", 68450223,Parnassiana fusca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,fusca,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 68450237,Parnassiana gionica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,gionica,,,,,"La Greca & Messina, 1976", 68450241,Parnassiana menalon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,menalon,,,,,"Willemse, 1975", 68450251,Parnassiana nigromarginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,nigromarginata,,,,,"(Willemse & Willemse, 1987)", 68450271,Parnassiana panaetolikon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,panaetolikon,,,,,"Willemse, 1980", 68450303,Parnassiana parnassica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,parnassica,,,,,"(Ramme, 1926)", 68450311,Parnassiana parnon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,parnon,,,,,"Willemse, 1980", 68450318,Parnassiana tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,tenuis,,,,,"(Heller & Willemse, 1989)", 68450364,Parnassiana tymphiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,tymphiensis,,,,,"(Willemse, 1973)", 68450372,Parnassiana tymphrestos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parnassiana,tymphrestos,,,,,"Zeuner, 1941", 68451909,Pholidoptera lucasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,lucasi,,,,,"Willemse, 1976", 44698034,Rhacocleis agiostratica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,agiostratica,,,,,"Werner, 1937",The identity of Rhacocleis agiostratica is not beyond doubt as the description has been based on juvenile specimens. Adult material is required to compare it with other Rhacocleis species in particular Rhacocleis distinguenda. 44698051,Rhacocleis crypta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,crypta,,,,,"Willemse & Willemse, 2005", 44698053,Rhacocleis derrai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,derrai,,,,,"Harz, 1983", 44698055,Rhacocleis distinguenda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,distinguenda,,,,,"Werner, 1934", 44698057,Rhacocleis edentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,edentata,,,,,"Willemse, 1982", 44698059,Rhacocleis ferdinandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,ferdinandi,,,,,"Willemse & Tilmans, 1987", 44698070,Rhacocleis graeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,graeca,,,,,"Uvarov, 1942", 44698072,Rhacocleis insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,insularis,,,,,"Ramme, 1928", 44698076,Rhacocleis lithoscirtetes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,lithoscirtetes,,,,,"Willemse & Willemse, 2005", 44698104,Rhacocleis trilobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,trilobata,,,,,"La Greca & Messina, 1974", 44698115,Rhacocleis uvarovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,uvarovi,,,,,"Ramme, 1936", 44698141,Rhacocleis werneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,werneri,,,,,"Willemse, 1982", 70613415,Dolichopoda calidnae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,calidnae,,,,,"Rampini & Di Russo, 2012", 68427564,Metaplastes ornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metaplastes,ornatus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1931)", 68468653,Saga hellenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Saga,hellenica,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1967", 15037223,Acrida ungarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrida,ungarica,,,,,"(Herbst, 1786)",The genus Acrida is in need of taxonomic revision. 68376356,Eugryllodes escalerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Eugryllodes,escalerae,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1894)", 68376537,Eugryllodes littoreus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Eugryllodes,littoreus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1885)", 68451115,Petaloptila baenai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,baenai,,,,,"Barranco, 2004", 68451121,Petaloptila barrancoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,barrancoi,,,,,"Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2001", 68451133,Petaloptila bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,bolivari,,,,,"(Cazurro y Ruiz, 1888)", 68451149,Petaloptila carabajali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,carabajali,,,,,"Barranco, 2004", 68451170,Petaloptila fermini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,fermini,,,,,"Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2001", 68451174,Petaloptila isabelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,isabelae,,,,,"Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2001", 68451178,Petaloptila llorenteae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,llorenteae,,,,,"Barranco, 2004", 68451183,Petaloptila malacitana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,malacitana,,,,,"Barranco, 2010", 68451187,Petaloptila mogon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,mogon,,,,,"Barranco, 2004", 68451192,Petaloptila pallescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,pallescens,,,,,"Bolívar, 1927", 68451203,Petaloptila pyrenaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,pyrenaea,,,,,"Olmo-Vidal & Hernando, 2000", 68451212,Petaloptila venosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,venosa,,,,,"Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2001", 68468948,Sciobia boscai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Sciobia,boscai,,,,,"Bolívar, 1925", 68381992,Gryllotalpa septemdecimchromosomica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,septemdecimchromosomica,,,,,"Ortiz, 1958","This identification of this species of Gryllotalpa can only be certain on the basis of the chromosome number (Ortiz 1958). As a result, the known distribution of this species may be doubtful, as in known recordings the chromosome number has only rarely been counted." 68446516,Paramogoplistes dentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Paramogoplistes,dentatus,,,,,"Gorochov & Llorente del Moral, 2001", 68460168,Pseudomogoplistes madeirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Pseudomogoplistes,madeirae,,,,,"Gorochov & Marshall, 2001", 68486388,Xya iberica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIDACTYLIDAE,Xya,iberica,,,,,"Günther, 1990", 16084415,Chorthippus cialancensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,cialancensis,,,,,"Nadig, 1986", 16084410,Chorthippus eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,eisentrauti,,,,,"(Ramme, 1931)", 68278533,Chorthippus sampeyrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,sampeyrensis,,,,,"Nadig, 1986","According to several authors (e.g. Massa et al. 2012, Ragge and Reynolds 1998) this species is considered a junior synonym of C. cialancensis. However, other authors such as Morichon and Morin (2010) consider these two to be two distinct species. For the purposes of this assessment, both C. cialancensis and C. sampeyrensis are considered as distinct species." 15039793,Miramella carinthiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Miramella,carinthiaca,,,,,"(Obenberger, 1926)","The Authority for this taxon is given as (Obenberger, 1926), because although Puschnig (1910) named the species for the first time, he did not give a valid description." 16084482,Podisma amedegnatoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,amedegnatoae,,,,,"Fontana & Pozzebon, 2007", 16084585,Podisma dechambrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,dechambrei,,,,,Leproux. 1951, 16084435,Podismopsis keisti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podismopsis,keisti,,,,,"(Nadig, 1989)", 16084476,Podismopsis styriaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podismopsis,styriaca,,,,,"Koschuh, 2008", 16084543,Pseudopodisma fieberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pseudopodisma,fieberi,,,,,"(Scudder, 1897)", 16084375,Stenobothrus cotticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,cotticus,,,,,"(Kruseman & Jeekel, 1967)", 64549449,Barbitistes obtusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,obtusus,,,,,"Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881", 68398583,Isophya brevicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,brevicauda,,,,,"Ramme, 1931", 47709793,Anonconotus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,alpinus,,,,,"(Yersin, 1858)", 47709805,Anonconotus ghilianii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,ghilianii,,,,,"Camerano, 1878", 47709810,Anonconotus italoaustriacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,italoaustriacus,,,,,"Nadig, 1987", 47709813,Anonconotus ligustinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,ligustinus,,,,,"Galvagni, 2002", 47709829,Anonconotus mercantouri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,mercantouri,,,,,"Galvagni & Fontana, 2003", 64547184,Antaxius beieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,beieri,,,,,"Harz, 1966",The species is only known from the first description and its taxonomic status is probably doubtful. 64547196,Antaxius difformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,difformis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861)", 47712468,Pholidoptera littoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,littoralis,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)", 16084604,Chorthippus corsicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,corsicus,,,,,"(Chopard, 1924)","

Several endemic Corsican grasshoppers were previously described (Omocestus corsicus Chopard, 1924; Omocestus corsicus montanus Chopard, 1924; Omocestus pascuorum Chopard, 1924; Stauroderus incertus Chopard, 1924; Chorthippus chopardi Harz, 1971) and are now considered to belong to Chorthippus corsicus (Defaut 1999), with two subspecies: C. c. corsicus (Chopard, 1924) and C. c. pascuorum (Chopard, 1924). Both taxa overlap in distribution (Braud et al. 2002). In the same way, the morphological distinction is not always easy or possible due to the substantial intra-populational variability. 

" 68285500,Cophopodisma pyrenaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Cophopodisma,pyrenaea,,,,,"(Fischer, 1853)", 16084494,Euchorthippus chopardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euchorthippus,chopardi,,,,,"Descamps, 1968", 16084607,Euchorthippus elegantulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euchorthippus,elegantulus,,,,,"Zeuner, 1940", 16084431,Gomphoceridius brevipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Gomphoceridius,brevipennis,,,,,"(Brisout de Barneville, 1858)", 16084614,Omocestus antigai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,antigai,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1897)", 16084572,Omocestus defauti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,defauti,,,,,"Sardet & Braud, 2007", 15038758,Paracaloptenus bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Paracaloptenus,bolivari,,,,,"Uvarov, 1942", 16084587,Sphingonotus corsicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,corsicus,,,,,"Chopard, 1923", 16084542,Sphingonotus uvarovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,uvarovi,,,,,"Chopard, 1923", 16084519,Stenobothrus festivus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,festivus,,,,,"Bolívar, 1887", 16084419,Stenobothrus grammicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,grammicus,,,,,"Cazurro, 1888", 68376671,Eugryllodes pipiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Eugryllodes,pipiens,,,,,"(Dufour, 1820)", 68451103,Petaloptila aliena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Petaloptila,aliena,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 68382061,Gryllotalpa vineae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,vineae,,,,,"Bennet-Clark, 1970", 68441393,Myrmecophilus myrmecophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,myrmecophilus,,,,,"(Savi, 1819)", 68313584,Dolichopoda azami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,azami,,,,,"Saulcy, 1893", 68313715,Dolichopoda bormansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,bormansi,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882",The identification of Corsican Dolichopoda can be difficult sometimes since some specimens seem to be intermediary between D. bormansi and D. cyrnensis. 68313831,Dolichopoda chopardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,chopardi,,,,,"Baccetti, 1966", 68313954,Dolichopoda cyrnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,cyrnensis,,,,,"Chopard, 1950",The identification of Corsican Dolichopoda can be difficult sometimes as some specimens seem to be intermediary between Dolichopoda bormansi and Dolichopoda cyrnensis. 64529098,Amedegnatiana vicheti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Amedegnatiana,vicheti,,,,,"(Delmas & Rambier, 1950)", 64547190,Antaxius chopardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,chopardi,,,,,"Morales-Agacino, 1936", 64547283,Antaxius hispanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,hispanicus,,,,,"Bolívar, 1884", 64547396,Antaxius sorrezensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,sorrezensis,,,,,"(Marquet, 1877)", 64553417,Callicrania ramburii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Callicrania,ramburii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 68286221,Ctenodecticus ramburi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ctenodecticus,ramburi,,,,,"Morales-Agacino, 1956", 68315380,Ephippiger diurnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,diurnus,,,,,"Dufour, 1841", 68315858,Ephippiger provincialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,provincialis,,,,,"Yersin, 1854", 68316285,Ephippiger terrestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,terrestris,,,,,"Yersin, 1854", 68318663,Ephippigerida saussuriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,saussuriana,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)","The status of this taxon is uncertain. Several previous records of this species have recently been assigned to Ephippigerida diluta and the remaining records need to be checked, but may also be misidentifications of this taxon (Barat and Correas 2015)." 68427620,Metrioptera buyssoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,buyssoni,,,,,"(Saulcy, 1887)", 68427867,Metrioptera saussuriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,saussuriana,,,,,"(Burr, 1911)", 68452956,Platycleis waltheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platycleis,waltheri,,,,,"Harz, 1966",The taxonomy of this species needs to be studied and compared with other Platycleis species. It is currently not clear whether it represents a synonym or a unique species. 44698044,Rhacocleis bonfilsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,bonfilsi,,,,,"Galvagni, 1976", 44698049,Rhacocleis corsicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,corsicana,,,,,"Bonfils, 1960", 44698090,Rhacocleis poneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,poneli,,,,,"Harz & Voisin, 1987", 68486496,Zeuneriana abbreviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zeuneriana,abbreviata,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 70679787,Carcharhinus coatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,coatesi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1939)"," Carcharhinus coatesi is part of the Carcharhinus seali-dussumieri group that has been revealed to consist of five species: C. dussumieri and C. sealei have recently been re-described, C. coatesi and C. tjutjot have been resurrected as valid species, and a new species, C. humani has been described (White 2012, White and Weigmann 2014)." 70680908,Carcharhinus tjutjot,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,tjutjot,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Carcharhinus tjutjot is part of the Carcharhinus seali-dussumieri group that has been revealed to consist of five species: C. dussumieri and C. sealei have recently been re-described, C. coatesi and C. tjutjot have been resurrected as valid species, and a new species, C. humani has been described (White 2012, White and Weigmann 2014)." 70681387,Pavoraja umbrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Pavoraja,umbrosa,,,,,"Last, Mallick & Yearsley, 2008", 70686656,Myliobatis tenuicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,tenuicaudatus,,,,,"Hector, 1877","White (2014) confirmed that Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881 (from southern Australia) is a junior synonym of M. tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 (which was previously considered to be endemic to New Zealand)." 70688138,Dentiraja confusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dentiraja,confusa,,,,,"(Last, 2008)", 70688333,Rajella challengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,challengeri,,,,,"Last & Stehmann, 2008", 70689227,Agriocnemis interrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,interrupta,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 67968236,Leucobrotula adipata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Leucobrotula,adipata,,,,,"Koefoed, 1952", 68202649,Monognathus herringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,herringi,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 42700,Apristurus melanoasper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,melanoasper,,,,,"Iglésias, Nakaya & Stehmann, 2004","The Australian form of this species is provisionally identified as Apristurus melanoasper, although it is possible that the North Atlantic and southwestern Pacific forms represent distinct species (Last and Stevens 2009)." 44222,Apristurus pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,pinguis,,,,,"Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1983", 44223,Apristurus platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,platyrhynchus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1909)", 44225,Apristurus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,sinensis,,,,,"Chu & Hu, 1981",Forms provisionally assigned to Apristurus sinensis from Australian waters are genetically distinct and may represent separate species (Last and Stevens 2009). 63127,Bathyraja richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,richardsoni,,,,,"(Garrick, 1961)", 60139,Harriotta haeckeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Harriotta,haeckeli,,,,,"Karrer, 1972","Two very small juveniles were originally described by Bigelow and Schroeder as H. raleighana. However, it was recognised by Karrer in her 1972 description of H. haeckli, and by others, that some references to H. raleighana from the Canary Islands may actually be referred to H. haeckeli.

Nakayama et al. (2020) reviewed the genus Harriotta and merged H. haeckeli Karrer 1972 as a synonym of H. raleighana." 41875,Hemiscyllium hallstromi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,hallstromi,,,,,"Whitley, 1967", 60197,Hydrolagus trolli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,trolli,,,,,"Didier & Séret, 2002","Synonyms = Hydrolagus sp. C Paulin et al., 1989; Hydrolagus sp. cf lemurs Séret in Grandperrin et al., 1997; Hydrolagus sp. Séret in Grandperrin et al., 1999.

A recently described, highly distinctive species, Hydrolagus trolli is often caught with a species of giant black chimaera (cf. Hydrolagus affinis), and the range of these two species may overlap in some areas, but H. trolli is readily separated by its distinctive blue colouration and more acute snout." 42718,Parmaturus bigus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,bigus,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2007", 60144,Rhinochimaera africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Rhinochimaera,africana,,,,,"Compagno, Stehmann & Ebert, 1990", 41856,Scymnodalatias sherwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Scymnodalatias,sherwoodi,,,,,"(Archey, 1921)", 16084395,Chrysochraon beybienkoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chrysochraon,beybienkoi,,,,,"Galvagni, 1968", 16084624,Dociostaurus minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Dociostaurus,minutus,,,,,"La Greca, 1962", 16084520,Italohippus albicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italohippus,albicornis,,,,,"(La Greca, 1948)", 16084402,Italohippus modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italohippus,modestus,,,,,"(Ebner, 1915)", 15039266,Italopodisma baccettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,baccettii,,,,,"(La Greca, 1969)", 15039272,Italopodisma costae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,costae,,,,,"(Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881)", 15039279,Italopodisma ebneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,ebneri,,,,,"(La Greca, 1954)", 15039336,Italopodisma trapezoidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,trapezoidalis,,,,,"(La Greca, 1966)", 15039570,Micropodisma salamandra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Micropodisma,salamandra,,,,,"(Fischer, 1853)", 16084440,Ochrilidia nuragica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Ochrilidia,nuragica,,,,,"Tarbinsky, 1926", 16084460,Sphingonotus candidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,candidus,,,,,"Costa, 1888", 16084535,Sphingonotus personatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,personatus,,,,,"Zanon, 1926", 16084513,Stenobothrus apenninus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,apenninus,,,,,"Ebner, 1915", 47693579,Acroneuroptila puddui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Acroneuroptila,puddui,,,,,"Cadeddu, 1970", 47693622,Acroneuroptila sardoa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Acroneuroptila,sardoa,,,,,"Baccetti, 1959", 68459778,Prionotropis appula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Prionotropis,appula,,,,,"(Costa, 1836)", 44698567,Leptophyes calabra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,calabra,,,,,"Kleukers, Odé & Fontana, 2010", 47709374,Dolichopoda aegilion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,aegilion,,,,,"Baccetti, 1977", 47709379,Dolichopoda baccettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,baccettii,,,,,"Capra, 1957", 47709392,Dolichopoda capreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,capreensis,,,,,"Capra, 1968", 47709459,Dolichopoda laetitiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,laetitiae,,,,,"Minozzi, 1920", 47709579,Dolichopoda muceddai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,muceddai,,,,,"Rampini & di Russo, 2005", 47709672,Troglophilus andreinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,andreinii,,,,,"Capra, 1927", 47710557,Decorana drepanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Decorana,drepanensis,,,,,"(Massa, Fontana & Buzzetti, 2006)", 68288397,Decticus aprutianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Decticus,aprutianus,,,,,"Capra, 1936",The taxonomy of this species needs to be studied as recent findings suggest that the species is in fact three distinct species (P. Fontana pers. comm 2015). 68288443,Decticus loudoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Decticus,loudoni,,,,,"Ramme, 1933", 47690845,Ephippiger apulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,apulus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1933)","More research is needed into the taxonomy of this species, since the two subspecies might represent separate species (P. Fontana pers. comm. 2015)." 68379032,Eupholidoptera magnifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,magnifica,,,,,"(Costa, 1863)", 47712093,Metrioptera caprai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,caprai,,,,,"Baccetti, 1956",The two distinct subpopulations of this species are currently considered two subspecies but they may actually be two separate species (P. Fontana pers. comm. 2015). 68462789,Pterolepis elymica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pterolepis,elymica,,,,,"Galvagni & Massa, 1980", 44698042,Rhacocleis baccettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,baccettii,,,,,"Galvagni, 1976", 44698074,Rhacocleis japygia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,japygia,,,,,"La Greca, 1959", 44698078,Rhacocleis maculipedes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,maculipedes,,,,,"(Ingrisch, 1983)", 44698102,Rhacocleis thyrrhenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,thyrrhenica,,,,,"La Greca, 1952", 44712322,Sardoplatycleis galvagnii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Sardoplatycleis,galvagnii,,,,,"(Fontana, Buzzetti, Kleukers & Odé, 2011)", 68486103,Uromenus elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Uromenus,elegans,,,,,"(Fischer, 1853)", 68486119,Uromenus riggioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Uromenus,riggioi,,,,,"La Greca, 1964", 68486415,Yersinella beybienkoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Yersinella,beybienkoi,,,,,"La Greca, 1974", 50078139,Monochirus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Monochirus,atlanticus,,,,,Chabanaud 1940,"Previously two subspecies of Monochirus were recognized. Currently, Monochirus hispidus is considered endemic to the Mediterranean Sea and Monochirus atlanticus occurs from Portugal south to the Gulf of Guinea (Hoenywell et al. in review, Munroe pers comm. 2013)." 70848490,Pterolepis pityusensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pterolepis,pityusensis,,,,,"Barranco, 2014", 70867941,Potamonautes barbarai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,barbarai,,,,,"Phiri & Daniels, 2014", 70868018,Potamonautes barnardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,barnardi,,,,,"Phiri & Daniels, 2014", 70868565,Potamonautes elgonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,elgonensis,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Clark, 2010","

The confusion surrounding the identities of the freshwater crabs from western Kenya arises from a number of sources, including long-standing opinions on species synonymies, some that have proved to be in error (Bott 1955), the confusion of two different species (Williams 1991), and the lack of understanding of the morphological changes that accompany growth in these species (Reed and Cumberlidge 2006, Cumberlidge and Clark 2009). 

" 70869685,Potamonautes lipkei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,lipkei,,,,,"Ďuriš & Koch, 2010", 70869828,Potamonautes mulanjeensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,mulanjeensis,,,,,"Daniels & Bayliss, 2012", 70870146,Potamonautes namuliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,namuliensis,,,,,"Daniels & Bayliss, 2012", 70870166,Potamonautes williamsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,williamsi,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Clark, 2010", 70870294,Foza manonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Foza,manonae,,,,,"Cumberlidge, Klaus, Meyer & Koppin, 2015", 70870429,Foza ambohitra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Foza,ambohitra,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Meyer, 2009", 70871471,Glabrithelphusa angene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Glabrithelphusa,angene,,,,,"Meyer, Cumberlidge, & Koppin, 2014", 158694,Aeshna affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,affinis,,,,,"Vander Linden, 1820", 59789,Afroaeschna scotias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Afroaeschna,scotias,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1952)","Aeshna wittei Fraser, 1955 is a synonym to A. scotias (Peters and Theischinger 2011). The paraphyletic genus Aeshna was split by Peters and Theischinger (2011) and A. scotias assigned to the monotypic Afroaeschna." 137168,Copris matthewsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Copris,matthewsi,,,,,"Delgado & Kohlmann, 2001", 137550,Onthophagus chevrolati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,chevrolati,,,,,"Bates, 1889","Four subspecies have been reported for this species: O. chevrolati chevrolati, O. chevrolati longicarinatus, O. chevrolati omiltemi, and O. chevrolati retusus." 71034149,Selenochlamys ysbryda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TRIGONOCHLAMYDIDAE,Selenochlamys,ysbryda,,,,,"Rowson & Symondson, 2008","There are some doubts about whether the Crimean individuals are conspecific with those from the UK, by the use of the name ""Selenochlamys cf. ybsryda"" (Balashov 2012, Turbanov and Balashov 2015)." 165006,Sympetrum ambiguum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,ambiguum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 164953,Anax longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,longipes,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51273061,Celithemis fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,fasciata,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 168414,Glyptothorax kashmirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,kashmirensis,,,,,"Hora, 1923",Glyptothorax naziri which was considered a synonym of G. kashmirensis by Javed et al. (2013) is now considered valid and the species has been assessed separately. Therefore the current assessment of G. kashmirensis does not include information on G. naziri


 168542,Dario dario,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Dario,dario,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",The species was described by Hamilton (1822) and the name has not been mentioned in the literature except by Prashad and Mukerji (1929). 71510353,Bettongia anhydra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Bettongia,anhydra,,,,,"Finlayson, 1957","Originally described as a subspecies of B. penicillata (Finlayson 1957), the Desert Bettong has only recently been recognized as a full species (McDowell et al. 2015). Finlayson (1958) provided a more detailed description of the skull and speculated that it represented a full species. However, Wakefield (1967) later synonymised anhydra with B. lesueur, based on his opinion that several features of the skull were similar to B. lesueur, although he noted that ‘the skull is very small’ (Wakefield 1967, p. 11). The Desert Bettong can be separated from the Woylie B. penicillata and the Boodie B. lesueur by several skull and dentition characters (McDowell 2013). Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of the Cytochrome b gene from the holotype shows it is a well-supported lineage, distinct enough from its closest relatives B. penicillata and B. lesueur to consider it a separate species (McDowell et al. 2015)." 55766,Nyctimystes avocalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,avocalis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1958", 55784,Litoria rueppelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,rueppelli,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)","We depart from the taxonomy proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016), and retain this species as Litoria as per Menzies and Riyanto (2015) and Frost et al. (2006)." 58446,Cornufer heffernani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,heffernani,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1928)",This form probably represents two separate species. 58449,Cornufer akarithymus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,akarithymus,,,,,"(Brown & Tyler, 1968)", 58475,Cornufer parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,parkeri,,,,,"Brown, 1965",Brown (1965) described two subspecies within Platymantis parkeri: P. p. parkeri from Bougainville; and P. p. bukanensis from Buka. 57668,Choerophryne siegfriedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,siegfriedi,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)", 57696,Austrochaperina novaebritanniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,novaebritanniae,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000", 57738,Callulops kopsteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,kopsteini,,,,,"(Mertens, 1930)", 57781,Cophixalus nubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,nubicola,,,,,"Zweifel, 1962", 57796,Copiula minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,minor,,,,,"Menzies & Tyler, 1977", 71727235,Mormopterus francoismoutoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mormopterus,francoismoutoui,,,,,"Goodman, Jansen van Vuuren, Ratrimomanarivo, Probst & Bowie, 2008","The populations of Mormopterus on the Mascarene Islands of La Réunion and Mauritius were thought to be the same species, M. acetabulosus. Recent morphological and molecular analyses of specimens from these two islands indicate that the population on La Réunion is specifically distinct and has been named as new to science (Goodman et al. 2008).  " 170545,Cochlostoma dalmatinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,dalmatinum,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1863)", 939,Alsophis antiguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Alsophis,antiguae,,,,,"Schwartz, 1966","The subspecies Alsophis antiguae sajdaki is thought by some to represent a full species (Hedges et al. 2009), which would render A. antiguae extinct. There is however evidence against this proposition from a study of more than 400 live specimens from Great Bird Island which concluded that, apart from some geographical variation in ventral counts, the proposed diagnostic characters represented sexual dimorphism. On this basis this account considers that A. antiguae is still extant, represented by the surviving form A. a. sadjaki (J. Daltry pers. comm. 2010, 2015)." 4094,Celestus duquesneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,duquesneyi,,,,,"Grant, 1940", 63863,Pantherophis guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,guttatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Burbrink (2001) used cytochrome b sequences to examine phylogenetic relationships among Elaphe guttata populations (one specimen from each of 53 locations throughout most of the range). He found no support for recognition of the nominal subspecies intermontanus and meahllmorum as distinct taxa; these appear to be junior synonyms of E. guttata emoryi. Burbrink identified three partitions within E. guttata: an eastern partition (east of the Mississippi River) corresponding to E. guttata guttata, a western partition corresponding to E. guttata emoryi (including E. g. intermontanus and E. g. meahllmorum), and a central partition in western Louisiana and eastern Texas. The central partition, in pine and pine-hardwood habitat west of the Mississippi River, clustered closer to the eastern partition than to the western partition. Burbrink recognized the three partitions as species using evolutionary species criteria: (1) Elaphe guttata (Red Corn Snake) (eastern partition , (2) Elaphe emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake) (western partition), and (3) Elaphe slowinskii (Slowinski's Corn Snake) (central partition). One specimen (Hidalgo County, Texas) of the central partition (based on cytochrome b characteristics) was located outside the presumed geographic area and habitat identified for other members of that partition. Crother et al. (2003) adopted these changes. Ernst and Ernst (2003) recognized E. emoryi and E. guttata as distinct species, but their manuscript evidently was completed before Burbrink's paper was published; they did not comment on E. slowinskii.

Utiger et al. (2002) examined mtDNA variation in New World and Old World ""Elaphe"" and determined that North American rat snakes included in the genus Elaphe form a monophyletic lineage that is distinct from Old World snakes that also have been regarded as Elaphe. They resurrected the genus Pantherophis for the rat snakes north of Mexico, including the following species: Pantherophis obsoletus (and P. alleghaniensis and P. spiloides, if one recognizes those taxa as species), P. guttatus, P. emoryi, P. vulpinus, P. gloydi, and P. bairdi. Crother et al. (2003) noted this proposal but did not adopt it, pending further review. Burbrink and Lawson (2007) agreed with Utiger et al. (2002) that these species do not belong in Elaphe, but suggested that the genus Pantherophis might belong in Pituophis. We retain this species in Pantherophis, following Utiger et al. (2002) pending further information on the relationships of these taxa." 176226,Amphisbaena hyporissor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,hyporissor,,,,,"Thomas, 1965",There are currently two recognized subspecies:
A. hyporissor hyporissor
A. hyporissor leberi. 176232,Amphisbaena schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,schmidti,,,,,"Gans, 1964", 176249,Celestus crusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,crusculus,,,,,"(Garman, 1888)","This species has two subspecies:C. crusculus crusculus (Garman, 1888), C. crusculus cundalli (Grant, 1940).

Based on molecular evidence (S.B. Hedges, unpubl. data), two taxa previously considered subspecies of C. crusculus have been elevated to full-species status (Henderson and Powell 2009). Celestus maculatus (Garman, 1888) occurs on Cayman Brac and Little Cayman and C. molesworthi (Grant, 1940) occurs along the northern coast of Jamaica, where it is allopatric with C. crusculus." 176250,Celestus curtissi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,curtissi,,,,,"Grant, 1951","The following subspecies are recognized:
C. curtissi curtissi Grant, 1951
C. curtissi aporus Schwartz, 1964
C. curtissi diastatus Schwartz, 1964
C. curtissi hylonomus Schwartz, 1964." 176252,Celestus sepsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,sepsoides,,,,,"(Gray, 1852)", 176330,Alsophis sanctonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Alsophis,sanctonum,,,,,"Barbour, 1915","This species has two subspecies: A. sanctonum sanctonum Barbour, 1915 and A. s. danforthi Cochran, 1938. Zaher et al. (2009) recognized A. danforthi as a distinct, separate species, but this was a broad molecular treatment of advanced snakes with an emphasis on South America and did not provide detailed justification for this assignment. The subspecific arrangement has been retained by subsequent authors (Wallach et al. 2014) and is preferred pending a phenotypic and genetic review of snakes from Iles des Saintes (R. Gomes pers. comm. 2019)." 176340,Caraiba andreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Caraiba,andreae,,,,,"(Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)","This species has only recently been placed in the genus Caraiba (Zaher et al. 2009).

The species has a number of subspecies:
C. andreae andreae (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)
C. andreae melopyrrha (Thomas & Garrido, 1967)
C. andreae morenoi (Garrido, 1973)
C. andreae nebulatus (Barbour, 1916)
C. andreae orientalis (Barbour & Ramsden, 1919)
C. andreae peninsulae (Schwartz & Thomas, 1960)." 176347,Arrhyton taeniatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,taeniatum,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 177833,Sphaerodactylus storeyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,storeyae,,,,,"Grant, 1944", 178201,Sphaerodactylus difficilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,difficilis,,,,,"Barbour, 1914","This species has the following subspecies:
S. difficilis anthracomus Schwartz, 1983
S. difficilis difficilis Barbour, 1914
S. difficilis diolenius Schwartz, 1983
S. difficilis euopter Schwartz, 1983
S. difficilis lycauges Schwartz, 1983
S. difficilis peratus Schwartz, 1983
S. difficilis typhlopous Schwartz, 1983.

A taxonomic review is required, as many currently recognized subspecies were described using now-outdated species concepts. This is likely to have an impact on future re-assessments of what might be a complex of species." 178241,Sphaerodactylus klauberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,klauberi,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 178262,Sphaerodactylus torrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,torrei,,,,,"Barbour, 1914","Two subspecies are recognized:
S. torrei spielmani Grant, 1958
S. torrei torrei Barbour, 1914." 178270,Sphaerodactylus streptophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,streptophorus,,,,,"Thomas & Schwartz, 1977","Two subspecies are recognized:

Sphaerodactylus streptophorus sphenophanes Thomas & Schwartz 1983
Sphaerodactylus streptophorus streptophorus Thomas & Schwartz 1977" 178292,Sphaerodactylus scaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,scaber,,,,,"Barbour & Ramsden, 1919", 178301,Sphaerodactylus nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,nicholsi,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 178309,Sphaerodactylus armasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,armasi,,,,,"Schwartz & Garrido, 1974", 178322,Sphaerodactylus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,williamsi,,,,,"Thomas & Schwartz, 1983", 178338,Riama shrevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,shrevei,,,,,"(Parker, 1935)", 178364,Sphaerodactylus goniorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,goniorhynchus,,,,,"Cope, 1895", 178396,Gymnophthalmus pleii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gymnophthalmus,pleii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1881","There is some uncertainty concerning the correct spelling of the specific epithet for this species; the Reptile Database uses 'pleei', however, based on the ICZN rules it is argued that the original spelling of 'pleii' is what should be used (R. Powell and M. Breuil pers. comms.).

This species has three subspecies:
G. pleii pleii Bocourt, 1881
G. pleii luetkeni Bocourt, 1881
G. pleii nesydrion Thomas, 1965." 178451,Sphaerodactylus richardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,richardi,,,,,"Hedges & Garrido, 1993", 178538,Aristelliger lar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,lar,,,,,"Cope, 1861",Populations in northern Hispaniola long attributed to Aristelliger lar have recently been found to represent either Aristelliger hechti or an undescribed taxon close to A. hechti (S.B. Hedges in prep.). 178564,Sphaerodactylus callocricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,callocricus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1976", 82164818,Sphaerodactylus vincenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,vincenti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891","Surget-Groba and Thorpe (2013) investigated the phylogenetics and biogeography of what they recognized as the Sphaerodactylus vincenti species complex, and applied the name S. festus to northern populations (northern Martinique and Dominica). These authors caution that the diagnostic features they identified exhibit some overlap between S. festus and S. vincenti and that more work is needed to clarify their status as separate species. Nevertheless, recognition of these two species is based on the ""best available information"" (Surget-Groba and Thorpe 2013) and has subsequently been followed by researchers working in the region, and this scheme is consequently adopted here. These authors' genetic analysis also found that S. kirbyi from Mustique in the Grenadines was nested between Martinique and St. Vincent populations and considered it a junior synonym of S. vincenti. This arrangement is considered unlikely to be correct by other workers on biogeographical grounds (R. Powell pers. comm. 2015), and S. kirbyi is treated as a separate species here." 178586,Sphaerodactylus corticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,corticola,,,,,"Garman, 1888","This species has the following subspecies:
S. corticola aporrox Schwartz, 1968
S. corticola campter Schwartz, 1968
S. corticola soter Schwartz, 1968
S. corticola corticola Garman, 1888.

A taxonomic review of this species is required to assess the validity of the currrent subspecies, as they have not been reassessed for over 40 years and two additional undescribed subspecific taxa are known (Henderson and Powell 2009)." 178591,Leiocephalus schreibersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,schreibersii,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1837)","The species has two subspecies:
Leiocephalus schreibersii schreibersii (Gravenhorst, 1837)
Leiocephalus schreibersii nesomorus Schwartz, 1968." 178611,Sphaerodactylus thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,thompsoni,,,,,"Schwartz & Franz, 1976", 178681,Leiocephalus greenwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,greenwayi,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1935", 190569,Alsophis sibonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Alsophis,sibonius,,,,,"Cope, 1879", 190570,Borikenophis portoricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Borikenophis,portoricensis,,,,,"(Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)", 190590,Arrhyton ainictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,ainictum,,,,,"Schwartz & Garrido, 1981", 190591,Arrhyton dolichura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,dolichura,,,,,"Werner, 1909", 190592,Arrhyton procerum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,procerum,,,,,"Hedges & Garrido, 1992", 190593,Arrhyton redimitum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,redimitum,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 190594,Arrhyton supernum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,supernum,,,,,"Hedges & Garrido, 1992", 190595,Arrhyton tanyplectum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,tanyplectum,,,,,"Schwartz & Garrido, 1981", 190596,Arrhyton vittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Arrhyton,vittatum,,,,,"(Gundlach in Peters, 1861)", 194258,Gonatodes daudini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,daudini,,,,,"Powell & Henderson, 2005", 47102838,Mabuya dominicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,dominicana,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 47103288,Spondylurus powelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,powelli,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 72261777,Nasuella meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Nasuella,meridensis,,,,,(Thomas 1901),"Helgen et al. (2009) suggested that two different species were previously considered as 'Mountain Coati' N. olivacea; one endemic to Colombia and Ecuador, N. olivacea, and one restricted to Venezuela, N. meridensis." 158692,Aeshna isoceles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,isoceles,,,,,"(Müller, 1767)","This species is often placed in the genus Anaciaeschna without any published evidence. The species appears distinct from both genera, but is retained in Aeshna until the issue is resolved (K.D. Djikstra pers. comm. 2018)." 60295,Anax bangweuluensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,bangweuluensis,,,,,"Kimmins, 1955", 59809,Anaciaeschna triangulifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,triangulifera,,,,,"McLachlan, 1896", 59810,Anax chloromelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,chloromelas,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 168004,Anax congoliath,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,congoliath,,,,,"Fraser, 1953", 59811,Anax ephippiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,ephippiger,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","This species, formerly included in the genus Hemianax, is increasingly included in the genus Anax. As no genetic investigation is available, this remains controversial." 59812,Anax imperator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,imperator,,,,,"Leach, 1815", 165488,Anax parthenope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,parthenope,,,,,"(Selys, 1839)", 90669049,Anax speratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,speratus,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 59814,Anax tristis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,tristis,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 165472,Boyeria irene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Boyeria,irene,,,,,"(Fonscolombe, 1838)", 199505,Phalangacris alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Phalangacris,alluaudi,,,,,"Bolivar, 1895", 68279966,Conocephalus chavesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,chavesi,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1905)", 47402970,Eviota atriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,atriventris,,,,,"Greenfield & Suzuki, 2012",This species was previously mis-identified as Eviota pellucida. 59872,Gynacantha africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,africana,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1807)", 89036215,Gynacantha bullata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,bullata,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 59874,Gynacantha cylindrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,cylindrata,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 59875,Gynacantha immaculifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,immaculifrons,,,,,"Fraser, 1956", 59876,Gynacantha manderica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,manderica,,,,,"Grünberg, 1902", 59877,Gynacantha nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,nigeriensis,,,,,"(Gambles, 1956)","Gynacantha flavipes and G. sevastopuloi are synonyms to G. nigeriensis (Dijkstra 2005)." 59878,Gynacantha sextans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,sextans,,,,,"McLachlan, 1896", 59879,Gynacantha usambarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,usambarica,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1909","Gynacantha zuluensis (Balinsky, 1961) is a synonym of Gynacantha usambarica Sjöstedt, 1909 (Djikstra 2005)." 59881,Gynacantha villosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,villosa,,,,,"Grünberg, 1902", 59888,Heliaeschna cynthiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,cynthiae,,,,,"Fraser, 1939", 59889,Heliaeschna fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,fuliginosa,,,,,"Sélys, 1883",Heliaeschna libyana is synonym to H. fuliginosa (Dijkstra 2004). 184204,Heliaeschna sembe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,sembe,,,,,"Pinhey, 1962","Discussed as H. longfieldae by Dijkstra (2005), but that name is predated by the synonymous H. sembe (Dijkstra, unpubl.)" 59890,Heliaeschna trinervulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,trinervulata,,,,,"Fraser, 1955","Heliaeschna ukerewensis Pinhey, 1961 is a synonym of H. trinervulata." 59891,Heliaeschna ugandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,ugandica,,,,,"McLachlan, 1896", 561,Pinheyschna meruensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Pinheyschna,meruensis,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1909)","Aeschnna meruensis is now placed in the genus Pinheyschna (Peters and Theischinger 2011)." 1167,Amphidromus cognatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amphidromus,cognatus,,,,,"Fulton, 1907",

Taxonomic treatment follows Solem (1983)

184235,Pinheyschna moori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Pinheyschna,moori,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1981)","Aeschna moori is now placed in the genus Pinheyscha (Peters and Theischinger 2011). Species status confirmed by Dijkstra (2007), close to P. meruensis Sjöstedt, 1909 and especially to P. yemenensis Waterston, 1985 and an unnamed relative from Ethiopia." 59788,Pinheyschna rileyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Pinheyschna,rileyi,,,,,"(Calvert, 1892)","Aeschna rileyi is now placed in the genus Pinheyschna (Peters and Theoschinger 2011). Pinheyschna moori (Pinhey, 1980), described from a single poorly preserved male from Zambia, is most likely a synonym of P. rileyi (Dijkstra and Clausnitzer in prep.)." 63194,Pinheyschna subpupillata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Pinheyschna,subpupillata,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1896)","Aeschna subpupillata is now placed in the genus Pinheyschna (Peters and Theischinger 2011)." 63193,Zosteraeschna minuscula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Zosteraeschna,minuscula,,,,,"(MacLachlan, 1896)", 47269908,Trimma cheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,cheni,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2011", 47270035,Trimma haimassum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,haimassum,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2011", 199661,Trimma maiandros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,maiandros,,,,,"Hoese, Winterbottom & Reader, 2011", 68333312,Valenciennea wardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,wardii,,,,,"(Playfair, 1867)", 68333307,Tryssogobius sarah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tryssogobius,sarah,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2012", 5953,Cuon alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Cuon,alpinus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","Mivart (1890) distinguished two species of Cuon, the northern Dhole (C. alpinus) and the southern Dhole (C. javanicus), based on differences in body size and the second upper and second lower molars. Dholes were later recognized as a single species (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1966), but separated into as many as 11 subspecies based on differences in coat length and colour (Durbin et al. 2004). The validity of many of these subspecies is doubtful, and a genetics study found no clear subspecies distinctions (Iyengar et al. 2005). However, samples used by Iyengar et al. (2005) came exclusively from the southern half of the Dhole distribution, so the genetic distinctiveness between northern and southern Dholes remains unknown. Examination of the auditory bulla showed at least one northern subspecies, from the Tian Shan Mountains, to be morphologically distinct from other subspecies (Ivanoff 2007). Further research is needed to clarify the morphological and genetic differences between northern and southern dholes, especially because conservation efforts would need to employ different strategies for the two groups, as they occupy vastly different habitats and prey on different species.

The putative northern-Dhole group historically occurred throughout East Asia to as far south as the Himalayan Mountains and the Yangtze River, and would include the following five subspecies described by Durbin et al. (2004): C. a. alpinus, C. a. primaevus, C. a. laniger, C. a. hesperius, and C. a. fumosus. The putative southern-dhole group would include the remaining six subspecies described by Durbin et al. (2004): C. a. lepturus, C. a. dukhumensis, C. a. adjustus, C. a. infuscus, C. a. sumatrensis, and C. a. javanicus. Within the southern-Dhole group, Iyengar et al. (2005) found two major phylogeographic genetic groupings on the mainland, and stated that the subspecific status of Dholes on Sumatra and Java was unclear and requires further study." 134296,Hypolobocera aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PSEUDOTHELPHUSIDAE,Hypolobocera,aequatorialis,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1897)","Subfamily Pseudothelphusinae; tribe Hypolobocerini, Subgenus Hypolobocera." 4015,Catagonus wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TAYASSUIDAE,Catagonus,wagneri,,,,,"(Rusconi, 1930)","This species was originally described from pre-Hispanic and subfossil remains. It was subsequently discovered alive (Wetzel et al. 1975; Wetzel 1977a, b, 1981)." 16084569,Arcyptera brevipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arcyptera,brevipennis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861)",The status of the two subspecies needs to be studied as these may represent unique species. 15038931,Arminda brunneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,brunneri,,,,,"Krauss, 1892", 15038941,Arminda burri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,burri,,,,,"Uvarov, 1935", 15039060,Arminda canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,canariensis,,,,,"Morales Agacino, 1941", 15039063,Arminda fuerteventurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,fuerteventurae,,,,,"Holzapfel, 1972", 15039073,Arminda hierroensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,hierroensis,,,,,"Enderlein, 1930", 15039077,Arminda lancerottensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,lancerottensis,,,,,"Holzapfel, 1972", 15039154,Arminda latifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,latifrons,,,,,"Enderlein, 1930", 15039158,Arminda palmae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Arminda,palmae,,,,,"Hochkirch, 2008", 15038705,Calliptamus plebeius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamus,plebeius,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 15038715,Calliptamus siciliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamus,siciliae,,,,,"Ramme, 1927", 72500996,Troglophilus alanyaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,alanyaensis,,,,,"Taylan, Di Russo, Cobolli & Rampini, 2012", 169192,Pentaphlebia gamblesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PENTAPHLEBIIDAE,Pentaphlebia,gamblesi,,,,,"Parr, 1977", 169193,Pentaphlebia stahli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PENTAPHLEBIIDAE,Pentaphlebia,stahli,,,,,"Förster, 1909", 60287,Calopteryx exul,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,exul,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 72765401,Mesamphiagrion nataliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,nataliae,,,,,"Bota-Sierra in Bota-Sierra & Wolff, 2013", 72765456,Farlowella yarigui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,yarigui,,,,,"Ballen & Mojica, 2014", 72766608,Sicydium rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,rosenbergii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 73024495,Anolis conspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,conspersus,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 2447,Axis kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Axis,kuhlii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)","Bawean Deer has sometimes been included in Hog Deer Axis porcinus (Haltenorth 1963), but is better considered a full species (Groves and Grubb 1987, Grubb 2005). With Hog Deer it was often placed in the genus Cervus (e.g. Chasen 1940, van Bemmel 1944), until Groves and Grubb (1987) strongly argued for placement in Axis. The most recent analyses indicate that these two species, together with calamianensis, constitute a genus distinct from Axis, Hyelaphus (Meijaard and Groves 2004, Pitra et al. 2004). The species name is sometimes mis-spelled kuhli, but the correct original spelling, which must be used today, is kuhlii." 72766725,Astroblepus jimenezae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,jimenezae,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2013", 41779,Moschiola meminna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,TRAGULIDAE,Moschiola,meminna,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","Moschiola meminna was recently revised by Groves and Meijaard (2005) who restricted animals of this name to the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Previous to this, all populations within Moschiola were considered conspecific, under the name M. meminna (as the oldest in the genus) and, prior to Groves and Grubb (1987), often as Tragulus meminna. The reality of the Groves and Meijaard (2005) taxonomic hypothesis, of two distinct species of Chevrotain on Sri Lanka, one each in the dry and wet zones (and perhaps a third in the hill zone), and another in India, would benefit from independent corroboration: only three wet zone skulls were available for the key analysis, making the significance of their absolute separation from the dry zone series difficult to assess. However, as skull differences co-vary with pelage and body proportions, their taxonomic proposals are followed here, in the hope that so doing will encourage the generation of further information to consolidate or modify the arrangement. The hill zone animals are not considered under this species." 174480,Ctenosaura similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,similis,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","A subspecies has been described, Ctenosaura similis multipunctata (Barbour and Shreve 1934, Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 8: 197) from Isla de Providencia, Colombia (Henderson and Powell 2009), however, given that the nominotypical subspecies occurs on nearby San Andrés Island (90 km distant), the validity of this subspecies should be re-evaluated." 73726352,Gracixalus nonggangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,nonggangensis,,,,,"Mo, Zhang, Luo, Zhou & Chen, 2013 ",Gracixalus waza has been synonymised with this species (Nguyen et al. 2020). 73726400,Gracixalus lumarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,lumarius,,,,,"Rowley, Le, Dau, Hoang & Cao, 2014", 73726422,Ichthyophis cardamomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,cardamomensis,,,,,"Geissler, Poyarkov, Grismer, Nguyen, An, Neang, Kupfer, Ziegler, Böhme & Müller, 2015 ", 73726509,Ichthyophis catlocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,catlocensis,,,,,"Geissler, Poyarkov, Grismer, Nguyen, An, Neang, Kupfer, Ziegler, Böhme & Müller, 2015 ", 73726573,Ichthyophis chaloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,chaloensis,,,,,"Geissler, Poyarkov, Grismer, Nguyen, An, Neang, Kupfer, Ziegler, Böhme & Müller, 2015 ", 73726605,Kalophrynus cryptophonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,cryptophonus,,,,,"Vassilieva, Galoyan, Gogoleva & Poyarkov, 2014 ", 73726664,Kalophrynus honbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,honbaensis,,,,,"Vassilieva, Galoyan, Gogoleva & Poyarkov, 2014 ", 73726854,Kaloula indochinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,indochinensis,,,,,"Chan, Blackburn, Murphy, Stuart, Emmett, Ho & Brown, 2013 ", 73727058,Kaloula nonggangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,nonggangensis,,,,,"Mo, Zhang, Zhou, Chen, Tang, Meng & Chen, 2013 ", 73727108,Kurixalus motokawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,motokawai,,,,,"Nguyen, Matsui & Eto, 2014 ", 73727128,Kurixalus viridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,viridescens,,,,,"Nguyen, Matsui & Duc, 2014", 73727148,Leptobrachium masatakasatoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,masatakasatoi,,,,,"Matsui, 2013", 73727511,Liuixalus calcarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Liuixalus,calcarius,,,,,"Milto, Poyarkov, Orlov & Nguyen, 2013 ", 73727593,Nanohyla arboricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,arboricola,,,,,"(Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova & Geissler, 2014 )", 73727634,Microhyla darevskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,darevskii,,,,,"Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova & Geissler, 2014 ", 73727722,Microhyla minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,minuta,,,,,"Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova & Geissler, 2014 ", 73727759,Microhyla pineticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,pineticola,,,,,"Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova & Geissler, 2014 ", 73728100,Nanohyla pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,pulchella,,,,,"(Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Orlov, Galoyan, Tran, Le, Kretova & Geissler, 2014)", 73728485,Philautus catbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,catbaensis,,,,,"Milto, Poyarkov, Orlov & Nguyen, 2013", 73732256,Rhacophorus larissae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,larissae,,,,,"Ostroshabov, Orlov & Nguyen, 2013", 73732288,Rhacophorus viridimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,viridimaculatus,,,,,"Ostroshabov, Orlov & Nguyen, 2013",This species is most likely a junior synonym of Rhacophorus orlovi (Tao T. Nguyen pers. comm. February 2017). 73736309,Tylototriton shanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,shanorum,,,,,"Nishikawa, Matsui & Rao, 2014 ", 73736392,Tylototriton panhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,panhai,,,,,"Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote & Matsui, 2013 ", 73736481,Tylototriton uyenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,uyenoi,,,,,"Nishikawa, Khonsue, Pomchote & Matsui, 2013 ", 73785587,Leptopelis mtoewaate,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,mtoewaate,,,,,"Portillo & Greenbaum, 2014","This species was split from the broader concept of Leptopelis modestus (Portillo and Greenbaum 2014). It is part of the Leptopelis modestus complex, together with a currently unnamed species, the sister taxon of Leptopelis modestus sensu stricto, according to the original publication." 73785830,Leptopelis anebos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,anebos,,,,,"Portillo & Greenbaum, 2014", 73788858,Indosylvirana serendipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Indosylvirana,serendipi,,,,,"(Biju, Garg, Mahony, Wijayathilaka, Seneviranthne & Meegaskumbura, 2014)",This is a split from the broader concept of Indosylvirana aurantiaca (Biju et al. 2014). 74005197,Astroblepus martinezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,martinezi,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2013", 74041178,Cornufer caesiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,caesiops,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2009)", 74041910,Cornufer citrinospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,citrinospilus,,,,,"(Brown, Richards & Broadhead, 2013)", 74042893,Cornufer desticans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,desticans,,,,,"(Brown & Richards, 2008)", 74043494,Cornufer manus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,manus,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2009)", 74044453,Cornufer parilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,parilis,,,,,"(Brown & Richards, 2008)", 74045828,Litoria callista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,callista,,,,,"Kraus, 2013","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 74046675,Litoria chloristona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,chloristona,,,,,"Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008", 74047429,Litoria eschata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,eschata,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 74048130,Litoria eurynastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,eurynastes,,,,,"Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008", 74050068,Litoria lodesdema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,lodesdema,,,,,"Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008", 74051958,Litoria viranula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,viranula,,,,,"Menzies, Richards & Tyler, 2008", 74053068,Nyctimystes bivocalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,bivocalis,,,,,"Kraus, 2012",This is a split from the broader concept of Nyctimystes cheesemani (Kraus 2012). 74054112,Nyctimystes calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,calcaratus,,,,,"Menzies, 2014", 74054591,Nyctimystes cryptochrysos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,cryptochrysos,,,,,"Kraus, 2012", 74055384,Nyctimystes eucavatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,eucavatus,,,,,"Menzies, 2014", 74055842,Nyctimystes intercastellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,intercastellus,,,,,"Kraus, 2012",This is a split from the broader concept of Nyctimystes cheesemani (Kraus 2012). 74056699,Nyctimystes latratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,latratus,,,,,"Menzies, 2014", 74056777,Nyctimystes traunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,traunae,,,,,"Menzies, 2014", 74059042,Nyctimystes ocreptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,ocreptus,,,,,"Menzies, 2014","Previously confused with Nyctimystes narinosus according to the original publication (Frost, 2014)." 74064289,Choerophryne alpestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,alpestris,,,,,"(Kraus, 2010)", 74064306,Choerophryne brevicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,brevicrus,,,,,"(Günther & Richards, 2012)", 74064360,Choerophryne murrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,murrita,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2009)", 74064432,Choerophryne pandanicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,pandanicola,,,,,"(Günther & Richards, 2012)", 74106939,Pristimantis mutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,mutabilis,,,,,"Guayasamin, Krynak, Krynak, Culebras & Hutter, 2015","It is possible that this species could be a taxonomic complex, however the current data cannot confirm this (Guayasamin et al., 2015)." 15038696,Calliptamus madeirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamus,madeirae,,,,,"Uvarov, 1937", 16084560,Chorthippus oschei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,oschei,,,,,"Helversen, 1986", 16084510,Dericorys carthagonovae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,DERICORYTHIDAE,Dericorys,carthagonovae,,,,,"Bolívar, 1877", 51269274,Dericorys minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,DERICORYTHIDAE,Dericorys,minutus,,,,,"Chopard, 1954", 54697,Bufotes luristanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,luristanicus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1952)",According to Stöck et al. (2001) this is was considered a member of the Pseudepidalea surda subgroup. What was referred to as the Bufo viridis group is now treated under Bufotes.

Mertens (1971) and Stöck et al. (2001) considered B. luristanicus as distinct species because of the existence of externally visible tympanic membrane in all B. luristanicus samples and its absence in all B. surdus samples. 16084407,Euchorthippus declivus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euchorthippus,declivus,,,,,"(Brisout de Barneville, 1848)", 16084374,Euchorthippus madeirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euchorthippus,madeirae,,,,,"Uvarov, 1935", 15039587,Miramella alpina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Miramella,alpina,,,,,"(Kollar, 1833)", 16084581,Odontopodisma decipiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,decipiens,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 16084578,Oedipoda canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oedipoda,canariensis,,,,,"Krauss, 1892","Recent molecular evidence (unpublished data, A. Hochkirch pers. comm. 2016) suggests that at least three different genetic lineages exist on the islands of Tenerife, Gran Canaria and La Gomera. Their taxonomic status needs to be studied as they well might represent unique species." 153568,Bufotes boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,boulengeri,,,,,"(Lataste, 1879)", 54718,Bufotes oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,oblongus,,,,,"(Nikolskii, 1896)","According to Stöck et al. (2001) this is a member of the Pseudepidalea viridis subgroup. The Bufo viridis group is now treated under Bufotes. It is partly in sympatry with Bufotes turanensis, which is sometimes confused with the species." 161757,Bufotes pewzowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,pewzowi,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1898)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Bufotes (Bufo) viridis by Stöck et. al. (2001), who discussed previous confusion of this tetraploid taxon with Bufotes (Bufo) oblongus, B. danatensis and B. viridis. It is partly in sympatry with B. turanensis, which is sometimes confused with this species. The species was previously treated under Pseudepidalea." 54738,Bufotes pseudoraddei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,pseudoraddei,,,,,"(Mertens, 1971)",According to Stöck et al. (2001) this is a triploid member of the Bufotes (Bufo) viridis subgroup. 54772,Bufotes surdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,surdus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)",This form is a problematic complex of more than one species. 153571,Bufotes variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,variabilis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)","Stöck et al. (2006) removed this name from the synonymy of Bufo viridis (now Bufotes viridis). The complex taxonomic status of the Bufo viridis subgroup is due to a long process of radiation starting in the Pleistocene that includes bisexually reproducing species of three ploidy levels (Betto-Colliard et al. 2018). However, the taxonomic status of variabilis still requires clarification and remains controversial and is currently not widely accepted. We provisionally include information here on populations allocated to Bufotes (Bufo) variabilis by Stöck et al. (2006) pending further nuclear DNA analyses to clarify whether the taxon deserves species status (Stöck et al. 2008). The isolated population of Bufotes from the Kavir Desert in Iran was included in the synonymy of Bufotes (Bufo) viridis kermanensis by Stöck et al. 2001. However, the species is morphologically (especially the skull) and vocally distinct from populations of Bufotes (Bufo) found surrounding the Kavir Desert (G. Nilson pers. comm. September 2008).

A molecular study of the distribution of B. viridis toads in Turkey suggests that B. variabilis is present also in Albania and Thracia (European Turkey), while the two lineages within Anatolia have a clear allopatric distribution (Özdemir et al. 2014). Two subspecies are listed as present in Iran: B. v. kermanensis (Eiselt and Schmidtler 1971) in Kerman, Esfahan, Yazd and Hormozgan Provinces; and B. v. variabilis (Pallas 1769) in Bushehr, Fars, Kohgiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad, Chahar Mahal Va Bakhtiari, Khuzestan, Ilam, Lorestan, Markazi, Esfahan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Hamedan, Zanjan, West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Mazandaran, Gilan, Qazvin, Alborz, Tehran and Qom Provinces (Safaei-Mahroo et al. 2015)." 16084601,Oedipoda germanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oedipoda,germanica,,,,,"(Latreille, 1804)", 16084450,Omocestus simonyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,simonyi,,,,,"(Krauss, 1892)", 16084399,Rammeihippus dinaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rammeihippus,dinaricus,,,,,"(Goetz, 1970)", 47687276,Sphingonotus almeriense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,almeriense,,,,,"Llucià-Pomares, 2013", 16084412,Sphingonotus fuerteventurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,fuerteventurae,,,,,"Hochkirch & Husemann, 2008", 16084509,Sphingonotus guanchus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,guanchus,,,,,"(Johnsen, 1985)", 16084573,Sphingonotus pachecoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,pachecoi,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1908)", 16084409,Sphingonotus picteti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,picteti,,,,,"(Krauss, 1892)", 16084496,Sphingonotus rugosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,rugosus,,,,,"(Bland & Gangwere, 1998)", 16084531,Sphingonotus sublaevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,sublaevis,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1908)", 16084556,Sphingonotus willemsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,willemsei,,,,,"Mistshenko, 1937", 16084507,Stenobothrus rubicundulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,rubicundulus,,,,,"Kruseman & Jeekel, 1967", 16896284,Gryllomorpha canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Gryllomorpha,canariensis,,,,,"Chopard, 1939", 68380760,Gryllomorpha uclensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Gryllomorpha,uclensis,,,,,"Pantel, 1890", 16896309,Hymenoptila lanzarotensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Hymenoptila,lanzarotensis,,,,,"Kevan & Hsiung, 1992", 68463350,Pteronemobius lineolatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Pteronemobius,lineolatus,,,,,"(Brullé, 1835)", 68469231,Tartarogryllus sandanski,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Tartarogryllus,sandanski,,,,,"Andreeva, 1982",Tartarogryllus sandanski is likely to be a synonym of Tartarogryllus tartarus (Chobanov 2009) 68446520,Paramogoplistes novaki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Paramogoplistes,novaki,,,,,"(Krauss, 1888)", 16896690,Acrostira bellamyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acrostira,bellamyi,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1922)", 16896956,Acrostira tamarani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acrostira,tamarani,,,,,"Baez, 1984", 16896959,Acrostira tenerifae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acrostira,tenerifae,,,,,"Perez & López, 2005", 64548329,Asiotmethis tauricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Asiotmethis,tauricus,,,,,"(Tarbinsky, 1930)",The status of the subspecies Asiotmethis t. steppensis and A. t. flavipes needs to be studied. 44698025,Kurtharzia sulcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Kurtharzia,sulcata,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1912)", 15038381,Prionotropis hystrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Prionotropis,hystrix,,,,,"(Germar, 1817)",The former French subspecies Prionotropis hystrix rhodanica and Prionotropis hystrix azami are now considered valid species (Massa et al. 2015). 49697894,Purpuraria erna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Purpuraria,erna,,,,,"Enderlein, 1929","A recent study by López et al. (2013) showed that the former records from North Lanzarote and Montaña Clara belong to a different species, Purpuraria magna." 47687189,Purpuraria magna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Purpuraria,magna,,,,,"López & Oromí, 2013", 44710118,Andreiniimon nuptialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Andreiniimon,nuptialis,,,,,"(Karny, 1918)", 64548720,Barbitistes constrictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,constrictus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 64548867,Barbitistes fischeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,fischeri,,,,,"(Yersin, 1854)", 64549568,Barbitistes serricauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,serricauda,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1794)", 64549979,Barbitistes yersini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Barbitistes,yersini,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 68399393,Isophya modestior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,modestior,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882", 64869542,Isophya speciosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,speciosa,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1867)", 44709104,Leptophyes boscii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,boscii,,,,,"Fieber, 1853", 44709490,Leptophyes laticauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,laticauda,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1867)", 44709622,Leptophyes punctatissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,punctatissima,,,,,"(Bosc, 1792)", 68427584,Metaplastes pulchripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metaplastes,pulchripennis,,,,,"(Costa, 1863)", 45466482,Poecilimon affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,affinis,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1867)", 68454861,Poecilimon brunneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,brunneri,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1867)", 68454920,Poecilimon chopardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,chopardi,,,,,"Ramme, 1933", 45463531,Poecilimon ebneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,ebneri,,,,,"Ramme, 1933", 68454968,Poecilimon elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,elegans,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 47709322,Poecilimon jonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,jonicus,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)",The Italian subspecies Poecilimon jonicus superbus is sometimes considered a unique species (Massa et al. 2012). 68455994,Poecilimon laevissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,laevissimus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1853)", 68458200,Poecilimon macedonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,macedonicus,,,,,"Ramme, 1926", 68458496,Poecilimon ornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,ornatus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1850)", 68459410,Poecilimon thoracicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,thoracicus,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)", 68459608,Poecilimon zwicki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,zwicki,,,,,"Ramme, 1939", 68459646,Polysarcus denticauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Polysarcus,denticauda,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)", 44712223,Polysarcus scutatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Polysarcus,scutatus,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 47709397,Dolichopoda geniculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,geniculata,,,,,"(Costa, 1860)", 68469441,Tetrix undulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tetrix,undulata,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1806)", 16894995,Ariagona margaritae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ariagona,margaritae,,,,,"Krauss, 1892",Recent genetic evidence suggests that unique species may occur on La Gomera and El Hierro (H. López pers. comm. 2015). 44710285,Bradyporus dasypus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Bradyporus,dasypus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1800)", 16895612,Calliphona koenigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Calliphona,koenigi,,,,,"Krauss, 1892", 16895632,Calliphona palmensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Calliphona,palmensis,,,,,"Bolívar, 1940", 16895402,Canariola nubigena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Canariola,nubigena,,,,,"(Krauss, 1892)","The status of this species and its relationship with Canariola willemsei needs to be studied. Both species are flightless, but overlapping ranges have been documented. Canariola willemsei has even been documented from two islands (La Gomera and Tenerife)." 68315499,Ephippiger ephippiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippiger,ephippiger,,,,,"(Fiebig, 1784)", 45462313,Eupholidoptera chabrieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,chabrieri,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)","The taxonomy of the Eupholidoptera chabrieri group has recently been studied and the status of some taxa (E.g. Eupholidoptera schmidti) has sometimes been moved to subspecies level or even synonymy of Eupholidoptera chabrieri (e.g. Ciplak et al. 2009). However, a recent molecular study shows that the species status of these taxa is probably valid (Allegrucci et al. 2013)." 68378821,Eupholidoptera danconai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,danconai,,,,,"La Greca, 1959","This species is sometimes considered a synonym of Eupholidoptera megastyla (Ciplak et al. 2009). However, recent molecular evidence supports the species rank (Allegrucci et al. 2013)." 68379164,Eupholidoptera schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,schmidti,,,,,"(Fieber, 1861)","The species has long been considered as subspecies or even synonym of Eupholidoptera chabrieri (e.g. Ciplak et al. 2009). However, recent genetic evidence supports its species rank (Allegrucci et al. 2013)." 16895307,Evergoderes cabrerai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Evergoderes,cabrerai,,,,,"Bolívar, 1936", 68427413,Meconema meridionale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Meconema,meridionale,,,,,"Costa, 1860", 68427417,Meconema thalassinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Meconema,thalassinum,,,,,"(De Geer, 1773)", 68440172,Montana stricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Montana,stricta,,,,,"(Zeller, 1849)", 68446184,Pachytrachis frater,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pachytrachis,frater,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 68446261,Pachytrachis gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pachytrachis,gracilis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861)", 68446326,Pachytrachis striolatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pachytrachis,striolatus,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)", 74621734,Nyctimystes cheesmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,cheesmani,,,,,"Tyler, 1964","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Nyctimystes bivocalis and N. intercastellus (Kraus 2012), N. traunae, N. latratus, N. eucavatus and N. calcaratus (Menzies 2014)." 47712216,Pholidoptera aptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,aptera,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 44709923,Pholidoptera dalmatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,dalmatica,,,,,"(Krauss, 1879)","No differences have been found in morphology or bioacustics of this quite variable species between Pholidoptera dalmatica brachynota, P. dalmatica maritima, P. dalmatica cvrstnicensis, P. dalmatica dalmatica - all of them seem to be just local forms without taxonomic value and there is no regularity of subspecies in different distribution areas." 62148031,Pholidoptera frivaldszkyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,frivaldszkyi,,,,,"(Herman, 1871)", 68451954,Pholidoptera stankoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,stankoi,,,,,"Karaman, 1960",This species is likely to be a synonym of Pholidoptera ebneri (Lemmonier-Darcemont et al. 2014). 44698046,Rhacocleis buchichii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,buchichii,,,,,"Herman, 1874","A female record from Troglav Mountain is quite similar to what is regarded as R. buchichii in the literature. However, the true identity is uncertain as far as the subpopulation from Troglav and the subpopulations from islands are not compared morphologically on both sexes and bioacoustically, both on song characters and stridulatory area morphology." 68468365,Roeseliana ambitiosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Roeseliana,ambitiosa,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1924)",The taxonomic status of Roeseliana ambitiosa is under debate. A taxonomic revision of the genus Roeseliana is needed (Chobanov and Mihajlova 2010). 68468640,Saga campbelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Saga,campbelli,,,,,"Uvarov, 1921","Saga gracilis was considered a subspecies of S. campbelli for a long time, but currently it is treated as a separate species. Further taxonomic research is required to clarify its status (M. Lemonnier-Darcemont pers. comm. 2015)." 68468849,Saga rammei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Saga,rammei,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1965", 68469308,Tessellana orina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tessellana,orina,,,,,"(Burr, 1899)", 68486449,Yersinella raymondii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Yersinella,raymondii,,,,,"(Yersin, 1860)", 56213,Hyperolius thoracotuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,thoracotuberculatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931",This name cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. 74780837,Leptophyes asamo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptophyes,asamo,,,,,"Pavićević & Ivković, 2014","This species shows very similar morphology and song to L. punctatissima, which needs clarification on its taxonomic situation (G. Szovenyi pers. comm. 2016)." 7821,Chilabothrus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,inornatus,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1843)", 74872197,Chilabothrus strigilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,strigilatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 158695,Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,haemorrhoidalis,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1825)","Subspecies occasi occurs in Italy and France, and subspecies asturica occurs in Spain." 165505,Calopteryx virgo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,virgo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","In addition to the nominotypical subspecies, this taxon include the ssp. Calopteryx virgo meridionalis Selys, 1873 from the western Mediterranean and SW-France regions, and C. v. festiva (Brullé, 1832) from the Eastern Mediterranean regions." 184185,Phaon camerunensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Phaon,camerunensis,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1900", 59983,Phaon iridipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Phaon,iridipennis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 184207,Sapho bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Sapho,bicolor,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 16084434,Chorthippus ariasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,ariasi,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1908)","This species is probably a synonym of Chorthippus binotatus (Charpentier, 1825) (Presa et al. 2007)." 16084437,Chorthippus cazurroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,cazurroi,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1898)", 16084551,Chorthippus chloroticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,chloroticus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1908)","This species is probably a synonym of Chorthippus jacobsi Harz, 1975 (Presa et al. 2007)." 169194,Sapho ciliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Sapho,ciliata,,,,,"Fabricius, 1781", 16084384,Chorthippus jacobsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,jacobsi,,,,,"Harz, 1975", 16084567,Chorthippus nevadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,nevadensis,,,,,"Pascual, 1978", 16084498,Chorthippus reissingeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,reissingeri,,,,,"Harz, 1972", 16084504,Chorthippus yersini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,yersini,,,,,"Harz, 1975", 90669201,Sapho fumosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Sapho,fumosa,,,,,"Longfield, 1932", 16084433,Dociostaurus hispanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Dociostaurus,hispanicus,,,,,"Bolívar, 1898", 16084466,Euchorthippus angustulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euchorthippus,angustulus,,,,,"Ramme, 1927", 16084591,Oedipoda coerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oedipoda,coerulea,,,,,"Saussure, 1884", 16084452,Omocestus bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,bolivari,,,,,"Chopard, 1939", 16084447,Omocestus femoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,femoralis,,,,,"Bolívar, 1908", 158552,Sapho gloriosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Sapho,gloriosa,,,,,"McLachlan, 1873", 16084418,Omocestus minutissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,minutissimus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 16084629,Omocestus panteli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,panteli,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1887)", 16084355,Omocestus uhagonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Omocestus,uhagonii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1876)", 16084528,Podisma cantabricae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,cantabricae,,,,,"Morales Agacino, 1950", 16084405,Podisma carpetana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Podisma,carpetana,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1898)","There are two subspecies: Podisma carpetana ignatii Morales-Agacino, 1950, and Podisma carpetana carpetana." 16084592,Sphingonotus azurescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,azurescens,,,,,"(Rambur, 1838)", 16084443,Sphingonotus gypsicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,gypsicola,,,,,"Llucià-Pomares, 2006", 68469007,Sphingonotus imitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,imitans,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882","This species has been moved from the genus Jacobsiella Harz, 1975 to the genus Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852 by Husemann et al. (2013)." 16084363,Sphingonotus lluciapomaresi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,lluciapomaresi,,,,,"(Defaut, 2005)", 68469012,Sphingonotus lusitanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,lusitanicus,,,,,"Ebner, 1941","This species changed its taxonomic status from subspecies to valid species and was moved to a different genus (Husemann et al. 2013). It was formerly known as Leptopternis candidus lusitanicus Ebner, 1941." 16084470,Sphingonotus morini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,morini,,,,,"(Defaut, 2005)", 47687524,Sphingonotus nodulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,nodulosus,,,,,"Llucià-Pomares, 2013", 75089949,Anolis brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,brasiliensis,,,,,"Vanzolini & Williams, 1970","Trabalho recente alocou espécies de Anolis em diferentes gêneros (Nicholson et al. 2012), mas não foi amplamente aceito." 184307,Sapho orichalcea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Sapho,orichalcea,,,,,"McLachlan, 1869", 16084453,Stenobothrus bolivarii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Stenobothrus,bolivarii,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl in Bolívar, 1876)", 16084599,Xerohippus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Xerohippus,occidentalis,,,,,"Pascual & Aguirre, 1996", 169197,Sapho puella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Sapho,puella,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1917)","Taxonomic limits of Umma and Sapho must be reassessed, but this species is closer to Sapho (Dijkstra, unpubl.)." 184206,Umma cincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,cincta,,,,,"(Hagen in Sélys, 1853)", 60070,Umma declivium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,declivium,,,,,"Förster, 1906", 158567,Umma electa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,electa,,,,,"Longfield, 1933",Includes Umma distincta (Djikstra in prep.). 75099536,Anolis philopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,philopunctatus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1988","Trabalho recente alocou espécies de Anolis em diferentes gêneros (Nicholson et al. 2012), mas não foi amplamente aceito. Existem problemas de identificação entre A. philopunctatus e A. punctatus, principalmente de fêmeas, o que leva a algumas incertezas quanto aos limites de distribuição das espécies." 75099790,Anolis phyllorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,phyllorhinus,,,,,"Myers & Carvalho, 1945","Trabalho recente alocou espécies de Anolis em diferentes gêneros (Nicholson et al. 2012), mas não foi amplamente aceito." 60299,Umma femina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,femina,,,,,"Longfield, 1947", 75100692,Anolis poei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,poei,,,,,"Ayala-Varela, Troya-Rodriguez, Talero-Rodriguez & Torres-Carvajal, 2014", 184304,Umma longistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,longistigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 158598,Umma mesostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,mesostigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 158605,Umma mesumbei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,mesumbei,,,,,"Vick, 1996", 169198,Umma purpurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,purpurea,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 60071,Umma saphirina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,saphirina,,,,,"Förster, 1916", 169202,Africocypha centripunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Africocypha,centripunctata,,,,,"(Gambles, 1975)", 169200,Africocypha lacuselephantum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Africocypha,lacuselephantum,,,,,"(Karsch, 1899)","The synonymy of A. greyi and A. ntaali with each other is indisputed, but that of both with A. lacuselephantum requires futher study (Dijkstra, unpubl.)." 184302,Chlorocypha aphrodite,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,aphrodite,,,,,"Le Roi, 1915", 59844,Chlorocypha cancellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,cancellata,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)","Chlorocypha hintzi (Grünberg, 1915) is a synonym of C. cancellata (Dijkstra unpubl.)." 59845,Chlorocypha consueta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,consueta,,,,,"(Karsch, 1899)", 158577,Platycypha crocea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,crocea,,,,,"(Longfield, 1947)",Kipping et al. (2017) transferred the blue Chlorocypha species endemic to Angola to the genus Platycypha.
59846,Chlorocypha curta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,curta,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)", 184294,Chlorocypha cyanifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,cyanifrons,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 158593,Chlorocypha dahli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,dahli,,,,,"Fraser, 1956",The taxonomic status of Chlorocypha dahli has not been fully resolved. 158555,Chlorocypha dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,dispar,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1807)", 168019,Chlorocypha fabamacula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,fabamacula,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961",Previously mistaken for C. wittei; could be a form of C. curta with wholly red abdomen (Dijkstra 2007). 63188,Chlorocypha frigida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,frigida,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 184256,Chlorocypha ghesquierei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,ghesquierei,,,,,"Fraser, 1959","In the Lokutu area of central Congo (Kinshasa), Dijkstra (2007) found populations of a species with features intermediate between C. ghesquierei, C. trifaria and C. cyanifrons. C. trifaria is widespread east of Lokutu, while C. ghesquierei and C. cyanifrons are sympatric to the west at Eala. Because of the latter sympatry, the Lokutu populations can only represent a character gradient either from C. trifaria to C. ghesquierei or to C. cyanifrons, or a discrete species. Without material from intermittent area and with only slight differences in the configuration and (partly age-related) extent of markings their status must remain unsettled for now." 158601,Stenocypha gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Stenocypha,gracilis,,,,,"(Karsch, 1899)", 59847,Stenocypha hasta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Stenocypha,hasta,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1960)","Pinhey (1967) regarded C. hasta Pinhey, 1960 as a subspecies of C. molindica Fraser, 1948. Dijkstra (2007) considers C. hasta as a good species and as closely related to C. tenuis Longfield, 1936, of which it might even be a synonym." 184230,Chlorocypha helenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,helenae,,,,,"Legrand, 1984", 59848,Stenocypha jacksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Stenocypha,jacksoni,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1952)", 169205,Chlorocypha luminosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,luminosa,,,,,"(Karsch, 1893)",Confused with C. consueta of southern Africa; taxonomy is discussed by Dijkstra (2003). 59849,Stenocypha molindica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Stenocypha,molindica,,,,,"(Fraser, 1948)","The closeness of the slender red Chlorocypha species is demonstrated by two hybrid males C. molindica x tenuis discovered in south west Uganda (Dijkstra, Kisakye unpubl.)." 184194,Chlorocypha neptunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,neptunus,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1899)",All records under this name require comparison with the type material. 184211,Chlorocypha pyriformosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,pyriformosa,,,,,"Fraser, 1947",Confused with C. dispar; taxonomy is discussed by Dijkstra (2003). 169206,Chlorocypha radix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,radix,,,,,"Longfield, 1959",Subspecies radix of C. glauca was raised to species level by Dijkstra (2003). 158589,Chlorocypha rubida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,rubida,,,,,"(Hagen in Sélys, 1853)","May include a second species with blue head markings in eastern Nigeria (Dijkstra, unpubl.)." 59850,Chlorocypha schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,schmidti,,,,,"Pinhey, 1967", 184299,Chlorocypha selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,selysi,,,,,"Karsch, 1899","Subspecies C. nigeriensis Gambles, 1975 is not more than a pale variety." 184308,Chlorocypha seydeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,seydeli,,,,,"Fraser, 1958", 59851,Stenocypha tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Stenocypha,tenuis,,,,,"(Longfield, 1936)","Dijkstra (2007) considers Chlorocypha basilewskyi as a junior synonym of C. tenuis." 59852,Chlorocypha trifaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,trifaria,,,,,"(Karsch, 1899)", 59853,Chlorocypha victoriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,victoriae,,,,,"(Förster, 1914)", 75143569,Harpadon nehereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Harpadon,nehereus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 75146277,Saurida elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,elongata,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","The genus Saurida is currently under revision by B.C. Russell. This species has been commonly misidentified as Saurida elongata (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) by most authors, but should be referred to as S. eso Jordan and Herre 1907. Saurida microlepis Wu and Wang 1931 is a synonym of S. eso (B.C. Russell pers. comm. 2019). However, this name change is not yet published, so pending publication the name Saurida elongata is used here." 75147101,Saurida isarankurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,isarankurai,,,,,"Shindo & Yamada, 1972","This species has been confused with Saurida longimanus, and published distributional recoords may be unreliable (B.C. Russell pers. comm. 2019)." 168018,Chlorocypha wittei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,wittei,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 75147549,Saurida micropectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,micropectoralis,,,,,"Shindo & Yamada, 1972", 75150150,Chirocentrus dorab,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CHIROCENTRIDAE,Chirocentrus,dorab,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 75153246,Amblygaster leiogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Amblygaster,leiogaster,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)",Amblygaster leiogaster is commonly misidentified as Amblygaster sirm. 75153576,Konosirus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Konosirus,punctatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 75153687,Nematalosa come,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,come,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)","Hybridization has occurred between N. come and N. japonica at Okinawa (Imai et al. 2005, Uehara et al. 2011)" 75155119,Sardinella zunasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,zunasi,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 75155263,Encrasicholina heteroloba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,heteroloba,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)","The applicable scientific name for the species historically treated as Encrasicholina devisi is E. heteroloba, and E. devisi is a junior synonym of E. heteroloba. The applicable scientific name for the species historically treated as E. heteroloba is E. psuedoheteroloba (Hata and Motomura 2016)." 75155303,Encrasicholina punctifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,punctifer,,,,,"Fowler, 1938",Previous records of Encrasicholina punctifer in the Indian Ocean are now attributable to E. gloria (Red Sea and Persian Gulf) or E. intermedia (East Africa and India: Hata and Motomura 2016). 75155644,Setipinna breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,breviceps,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)", 75156420,Thryssa dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,dussumieri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1848)", 75156647,Ilisha elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,elongata,,,,,"(Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)", 75157241,Hoplobrotula armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Hoplobrotula,armata,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 75159328,Amphisbaena bedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,bedai,,,,,"(Vanzolini, 1991)", 75159387,Amphisbaena brasiliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,brasiliana,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)", 75159743,Amphisbaena carli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,carli,,,,,"Pinna, Mendonça, Bocchiglieri & Fernandes, 2010", 75159757,Amphisbaena carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,carvalhoi,,,,,"Gans, 1965", 75159784,Leposternon cerradensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,cerradensis,,,,,"Ribeiro, Vaz-Silva & Santos Jr, 2008", 75159809,Amphisbaena cuiabana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,cuiabana,,,,,"(Strussman & Carvalho, 2001)", 75159866,Amphisbaena cunhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,cunhai,,,,,"Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires, 1991", 75159884,Amphisbaena dubia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,dubia,,,,,"Müller, 1924", 75159908,Amphisbaena hastata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,hastata,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1991", 75160381,Amphisbaena hogei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,hogei,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1950", 75160413,Amphisbaena ibijara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,ibijara,,,,,"Rodrigues, Andrade & Dias-Lima, 2003", 75160441,Leposternon infraorbitale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,infraorbitale,,,,,"(Berthold, 1859)", 75160646,Amphisbaena kraoh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,kraoh,,,,,"(Vanzolini, 1971)", 75161081,Leposternon maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,maximus,,,,,"Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, da Silva & Zaher, 2011", 75161197,Amphisbaena miringoera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,miringoera,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1971", 75161240,Amphisbaena mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,mitchelli,,,,,"Procter, 1923", 75162360,Leposternon wuchereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,wuchereri,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)", 75165435,Zygaspis dolichomenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,dolichomenta,,,,,"Witte & Laurent, 1942", 75169096,Diploglossus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,microlepis,,,,,"(Gray in Griffith, 1831)","This species has rarely been mentioned in the literature, and Uetz et al. (2019) consider its status uncertain. Boulenger (1887) assigned it to Diploglossus, a genus restricted to the Americas, but nothing is known of its distribution." 75169266,Diploglossus owenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,owenii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839","Wermuth (1969) considered this taxon a species inquirenda (i.e. of both uncertain provenance and doubtful validity).Cope (1868) observed that it closely resembles Celestus occiduus from Jamaica, but no surviving specimen is known to clarify its true identity." 74854656,Amphisbaena barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,barbouri,,,,,"Gans & Alexander, 1962",Raised to full species by Thomas and Hedges (1998). 74855155,Amphisbaena carlgansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,carlgansi,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 1998", 74855454,Amphisbaena cubana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,cubana,,,,,"Gundlach & Peters, 1879", 74857818,Amphisbaena xera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,xera,,,,,"Thomas, 1966", 74863215,Boa nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Boa,nebulosa,,,,,"(Lazell, 1964)","Wallach et al. (2014) follow Henderson and Powell (2009) in recognizing Boa orophias and B. nebulosa as full species, however, some other authors (e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2015) still treat both as subspecies of Boa constrictor." 74866530,Boa orophias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Boa,orophias,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Wallach et al. (2014) follow Henderson and Powell (2009) in recognizing Boa orophias and B. nebulosa as full species, however, some other authors (e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2015) still treat both as subspecies of Boa constrictor." 74875182,Cadea blanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CADEIDAE,Cadea,blanoides,,,,,"Stejneger, 1916", 74875405,Cadea palirostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CADEIDAE,Cadea,palirostrata,,,,,"Dickerson, 1916", 74875552,Leptophis coeruleodorsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,coeruleodorsus,,,,,"Oliver, 1942","This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of Leptophis ahaetulla, until elevated and redescribed by Murphy et al. (2013). These authors also recognized a separate lineage within L. coeruleodorsus, known from a single specimen collected in Tobago, as the distinct species L. haileyi." 74994359,Anolis acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,acutus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1856", 74994374,Anolis agueroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,agueroi,,,,,"(Diaz, Navarro & Garrido, 1998)", 74994391,Anolis alayoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,alayoni,,,,,"Estrada & Hedges, 1995", 74994396,Anolis alfaroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,alfaroi,,,,,"Garrido & Hedges, 1992", 74994407,Anolis aliniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,aliniger,,,,,"Mertens, 1939","Köhler and Hedges (2016) identified six genetic clusters within Anolis aliniger, and concluded that this evidence of genetic isolation together with ""subtle"" morphological differences supported the recognition of six separate species. These authors applied the name Anolis aliniger to the clade found in the northern Central Cordillera, the general area of the type locality." 74994414,Anolis altavelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,altavelensis,,,,,"Noble & Hassler, 1933", 74994419,Anolis altitudinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,altitudinalis,,,,,"Garrido, 1985", 74994431,Anolis alutaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,alutaceus,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 74994485,Anolis anfiloquioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,anfiloquioi,,,,,"Garrido, 1980", 74994490,Anolis angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,angusticeps,,,,,"Hallowell, 1856","Anolis angusticeps oligsaspis from the Bahamas is sometimes treated as a full species in recent checklists, including the subspecies A. a. chickcharneyi (Nicholson et al. 2012, 2018, Uetz 2019), but this species complex has not been subject to recent taxonomic research to confirm this assignment (R. Powell pers. comm. 2020)." 74994495,Anolis argenteolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,argenteolus,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 74994500,Anolis argillaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,argillaceus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 74994505,Anolis bahorucoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bahorucoensis,,,,,"Noble & Hassler, 1933", 74994512,Anolis baleatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,baleatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 74994525,Anolis baracoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,baracoae,,,,,"Schwartz, 1964", 74994536,Anolis barahonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,barahonae,,,,,"Williams, 1962", 74994545,Anolis barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,barbatus,,,,,"(Garrido, 1982)", 74994556,Anolis barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,barbouri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1919)", 74994565,Anolis birama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,birama,,,,,"Garrido, 1990", 74994572,Anolis bremeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bremeri,,,,,"Barbour, 1914", 74994592,Anolis breslini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,breslini,,,,,"Schwartz, 1980", 74994601,Anolis brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,brevirostris,,,,,"Bocourt, 1870", 74994610,Anolis brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,brunneus,,,,,"Cope, 1894", 74994619,Anolis caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,caudalis,,,,,"Cochran, 1932", 74994659,Anolis chamaeleonides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,chamaeleonides,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 74994671,Anolis christophei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,christophei,,,,,"Williams, 1960", 74994681,Anolis chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,chrysops,,,,,"Lazell, 1964", 74994702,Anolis chlorocyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,chlorocyanus,,,,," Duméril & Bibron, 1837","The Anolis chlorocyanus [was coelestinus] species group consists of four genetic clusters identified by Köhler and Hedges (2016), and these authors identified ""subtle"" morphological differences between most of these that justified recognition as distinct species. Köhler and Hedges (2016) described these as distinct species and applied the name Anolis coelestinus - from a nonspecific locality in western Haiti - to the species found along the western portion and northern coast of the Tiburón Peninsula and the northern coast. Based on this work Köhler and Hedges (2020) petitioned the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to set aside the type status of the syntypes for A. chlorocyanus in order to stablize the current and long established usage of the names A. chlorocyanus and A. coelestinus. The petition was unsuccessful and hence A. callainus was published as a replacement name for the Hispaniolan anole formerly referred to as A. chlorocyanus and as a result A. coelestinus is renamed as A. chlorocyanus (Köhler and Hedges 2020)." 74994719,Anolis confusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,confusus,,,,,"Estrada & Garrido, 1991", 74994752,Anolis cooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cooki,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 74994831,Anolis cupeyalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cupeyalensis,,,,,"Peters, 1970", 74994846,Anolis cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cuvieri,,,,,"Merrem, 1820", 74994873,Anolis cyanopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cyanopleurus,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 74994894,Anolis cybotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,cybotes,,,,,"Cope, 1862","Köhler et al. (2019) conducted a morphological and genetic analysis of the Anolis cybotes group (under the generic name Audantia following Nicholson et al. 2012, while acknowledging that this revision is not universally accepted) and their resulting phylogeny identified 14 distinct clusters, corresponding to the six recognized species within this group and seven cryptic taxa within the previously-recognized concept of Anolis cybotes. These authors consequently revised A. cybotes, removing three species from synonymy and describing four new species. These authors also confirmed that Anolis riisei, a Hispaniolan name with an indeterminate type locality, should be treated as a junior synonym of A. cybotes sensu stricto. Finally, these authors synonymized Anolis haetianus with A. cybotes based on the location of the type locality and the state of preservation of the type material." 74994974,Anolis darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Cochran, 1935)", 74994985,Anolis delafuentei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,delafuentei,,,,,"Garrido, 1982", 74995031,Anolis desechensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,desechensis,,,,,"Heatwole, 1976", 74995169,Anolis desiradei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,desiradei,,,,,"Lazell, 1964","This taxon has long been included within Anolis marmoratus, either as a subspecies or within A. m. marmoratus (Stenson et al. 2004). Its status has subsequently been uncertain, with different authors treating it differently, although recent authorities (Breuil 2002, Hedges and Conn 2012, Henderson and Powell 2009) treat it as a full species. Morphologically intermediate populations between this species and A. marmoratus are known from the tip of Grande-Terre on mainland Guadeloupe (Lazell 1964); these are not considered to belong to A. desiradei for the purposes of this account." 74995190,Anolis dolichocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,dolichocephalus,,,,,"Williams, 1963", 74995219,Anolis ernestwilliamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ernestwilliamsi,,,,,"Lazell, 1983","Reynolds (2016) summarizes evidence from mitochondrial DNA and biogeography that Anolis ernestwilliamsi represents a very recent adaptation from the widespread Anolis cristatellus found on neighbouring islands. He suggests, based on evidence that the species exhibits a low or nonexistent level of ecological separation from a nearby population of A. cristatellus and that observed morphological differences are likely to reflect a combination of genetic drift and very recent adaptations to a non-natural substrate, that the Carrot Rock population is unlikely to be sufficiently divergent to justify continued recognition as a distinct species (Reynolds 2016 and refs therein)." 74995249,Anolis etheridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,etheridgei,,,,,"Williams, 1962", 74995297,Anolis eugenegrahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,eugenegrahami,,,,,"Schwartz, 1978", 74995322,Anolis evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,evermanni,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 74995354,Anolis fairchildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fairchildi,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1935", 74995359,Anolis ferreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ferreus,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 74995376,Anolis fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fowleri,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973", 74995389,Anolis fugitivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,fugitivus,,,,,"Garrido, 1975", 74995394,Anolis gingivinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gingivinus,,,,,"Cope, 1864",Genetic sampling suggests that Sombrero island specimens may be specifically distinct from Anolis gingivinus (Thorpe et al. unpubl. data). 74995407,Anolis griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,griseus,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 74995426,Anolis hendersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,hendersoni,,,,,"Cochran, 1923", 74995433,Anolis homolechis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,homolechis,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 74995451,Anolis imias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,imias,,,,,"Ruibal & Williams, 1961", 74995458,Anolis incredulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,incredulus,,,,,"Garrido & Moreno, 1998", 74995482,Anolis inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,inexpectatus,,,,,"Garrido & Estrada, 1989", 74995512,Anolis insolitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,insolitus,,,,,"Williams & Rand, 1969", 74995547,Anolis isolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,isolepis,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 74995562,Anolis jubar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,jubar,,,,,"Schwartz, 1968", 74995581,Anolis kahouannensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,kahouannensis,,,,,"Lazell, 1964","This species was elevated by Roughgarden (1995) from a subspecies of Anolis marmoratus, and this scheme is followed by Breuil (2002). No genetic material appears to exist for this population, which was elevated on morphological grounds, and its taxonomic status is in need of review." 74995590,Anolis krugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,krugi,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 74995736,Anolis lineatopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lineatopus,,,,,"Gray, 1840", 74995743,Anolis litoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,litoralis,,,,,"Garrido, 1975", 74995754,Anolis lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lividus,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 74995767,Anolis longitibialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,longitibialis,,,,,"Noble, 1923", 74995775,Anolis loysiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,loysiana,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 74995782,Anolis luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,luciae,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 74995792,Anolis lucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,lucius,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 74995798,Anolis luteogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,luteogularis,,,,,"Noble & Hassler, 1935", 74995807,Anolis luteosignifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,luteosignifer,,,,,"Garman, 1888", 74995816,Anolis macilentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,macilentus,,,,,"Garrido & Hedges, 1992", 74995870,Anolis marcanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,marcanoi,,,,,"Williams, 1975", 74995938,Anolis marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,marmoratus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837","Several former subspecies of Anolis marmoratus were elevated to specific status on morphological grounds by Roughgarden (1995). The validity of several of these assignments, which appear to be inconsistent with recent genetic work (Stenson et al. 2004), is unclear, and treatment of these taxa as either full species or subspecies is inconsistent in the recent literature." 74995959,Anolis mestrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,mestrei,,,,,"Barbour & Ramsden, 1916", 74995967,Anolis monensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,monensis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 74995991,Anolis nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,nelsoni,,,,,"Barbour, 1914", 74996005,Anolis noblei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,noblei,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1935", 75084740,Anolis opalinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,opalinus,,,,,"Gosse, 1850", 75084747,Anolis ophiolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ophiolepis,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 75084756,Anolis oporinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,oporinus,,,,,"Garrido & Hedges, 2001", 75084768,Anolis paternus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,paternus,,,,,"Hardy, 1967", 75084777,Anolis pigmaequestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pigmaequestris,,,,,"Garrido, 1975", 75084785,Anolis placidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,placidus,,,,,"Hedges & Thomas, 1989", 75084791,Anolis poncensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,poncensis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 75084800,Anolis porcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,porcus,,,,,"(Cope, 1864)", 75084823,Anolis pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pulchellus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 75084837,Anolis pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pumilus,,,,,"Garrido, 1988", 75084860,Anolis quadriocellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,quadriocellifer,,,,,"Barbour & Ramsden, 1919", 75084878,Anolis reconditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,reconditus,,,,,"Underwood & Williams, 1959", 75084945,Anolis rejectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rejectus,,,,,"Garrido & Schwartz, 1972", 75084993,Anolis ricordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ricordii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 75085311,Anolis rimarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rimarum,,,,,"Thomas & Schwartz, 1967", 75085326,Anolis roquet,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,roquet,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1788)","Genetically Anolis extremus is nested within Anolis roquet from Martinique based on mtDNA results reported by Thorpe and Stenson (2003). If this result supported by other genetic markers this would render A. roquet paraphyletic. Further research is needed to support this conclusion, as it is possible that the mtDNA result may represent hybridisation events. This research may reveal that A. extremus should be considered a junior synonym of A. roquet, or that some of the Martinique populations should be assigned to A. extremus." 75085352,Anolis ruibali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,ruibali,,,,,"Navarro & Garrido, 2004", 75085988,Anolis rupinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rupinae,,,,,"Williams & Webster, 1974", 75085996,Anolis sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,sabanus,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 75086061,Anolis schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,schwartzi,,,,,"Lazell, 1972", 75086302,Anolis scriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,scriptus,,,,,"Garman, 1887", 75086365,Anolis sheplani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,sheplani,,,,,"Schwartz, 1974", 75086371,Anolis shrevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,shrevei,,,,,"(Cochran, 1939)", 75086730,Anolis singularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,singularis,,,,,"Williams, 1965", 75086768,Anolis smallwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,smallwoodi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1964", 75086821,Anolis smaragdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,smaragdinus,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1935", 75087078,Anolis stratulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,stratulus,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 75087323,Anolis vanidicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,vanidicus,,,,,"Garrido & Schwartz, 1972", 75087328,Anolis vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,vermiculatus,,,,,"Cocteau in Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 75087361,Anolis vescus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,vescus,,,,,"Garrido & Hedges, 1992", 75089652,Anolis bartschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,bartschi,,,,,"(Cochran, 1928)", 75091532,Anolis garridoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,garridoi,,,,,"Diaz, Estrada & Moreno, 1996", 75092674,Anolis guamuhaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,guamuhaya,,,,,"(Garrido, Pérez-Beato & Moreno, 1991)", 75093129,Anolis guazuma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,guazuma,,,,,"Garrido, 1984", 75093306,Anolis gundlachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,gundlachi,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 75103008,Anolis rubribarbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,rubribarbus,,,,,"Barbour & Ramsden, 1919", 75103060,Anolis sierramaestrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,sierramaestrae,,,,,"Holáňová, Rehák & Frynta, 2012","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain at present, and a revision of the material in collections is likely to show that this species is a synonym of a known taxon (A. Fong pers. comm. 2016)." 75103265,Anolis terraealtae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,terraealtae,,,,,"Barbour, 1915",Roughgarden and Pacala (1989) recognized Anolis terrealtae as a full species distinct from A. marmoratus and this scheme has been followed by subsequent authors. 75103510,Anolis terueli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,terueli,,,,,"Navarro, Fernandez & Garrido, 2001", 75103633,Anolis toldo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,toldo,,,,,"Fong & Garrido, 2000", 75103676,Anolis websteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,websteri,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 75167849,Diploglossus delasagra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,delasagra,,,,,"(Cocteau, 1838)", 75168098,Diploglossus garridoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,garridoi,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 1998", 75168161,Diploglossus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1937", 75170955,Bachia trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,trinitatis,,,,,"Barbour, 1914","This species was until recently considered a subspecies of Bachia heteropa, and was elevated to specific status in a full revision of this group (Murphy et al. 2019). These authors discuss the nomenclatural history of Brachypus cuvieri Fitzinger 1826, an enigmatic name that may represent a senior synonym of B. trinitatis, and propose that B. cuvieri should be considered a nomen dubium due to uncertainty over the true identity of this specimen." 60003,Platycypha amboniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,amboniensis,,,,,"(Martin, 1915)", 60004,Platycypha auripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,auripes,,,,,"(Förster, 1906)", 60005,Platycypha caligata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,caligata,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)",A specimen from the shores of Lake Malawi may be a new species. 184233,Platycypha eliseva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,eliseva,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2008", 63208,Platycypha fitzsimonsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,fitzsimonsi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1950", 60006,Platycypha lacustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,lacustris,,,,,"(Förster, 1914)", 184244,Platycypha picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,picta,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1962)", 60007,Platycypha pinheyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,pinheyi,,,,,"Fraser, 1950", 168014,Platycypha rufitibia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,rufitibia,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1961)",Separation of subspecies lucalaensis from Angola probably invalid (Dijkstra unpubl.). 59779,Aciagrion africanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,africanum,,,,,"Martin, 1908",Aciagrion congoense is a synonym to A. africanum (Dijkstra 2007). 184253,Aciagrion balachowskyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,balachowskyi,,,,,"Legrand, 1982", 184190,Aciagrion brosseti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,brosseti,,,,,"Legrand, 1982", 59781,Aciagrion gracile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,gracile,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1909)","Western Africa records of this and the similar A. hamoni must be reviewed." 63181,Aciagrion macrootithenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,macrootithenae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1972","Although this is a recognised species, it may belong in a different genus. The genus Aciagrion is in need of further taxonomic work." 168009,Aciagrion nodosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,nodosum,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1964)","A. balachowskyi, from northeastern Gabon, might be a synonym of this species. If this is the case, it will be widespread (Dijktra pers. comm.)." 214,Aciagrion rarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,rarum,,,,,"(Longfield, 1947)", 59784,Aciagrion steeleae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,steeleae,,,,,"Kimmins, 1955","A dark form, abercornensis, occurs in northern Zambia." 168015,Aciagrion zambiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,zambiense,,,,,"Pinhey, 1972",Previously confused with A. dondoense (Dijkstra 2007). 59694,Africallagma cuneistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,cuneistigma,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1969)", 90668675,Africallagma elongatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,elongatum,,,,,"(Martin, 1907)", 59795,Africallagma glaucum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,glaucum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)",
 184310,Africallagma pallidulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,pallidulum,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2007",Often confused with A. sinuatum. 59796,Africallagma pseudelongatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,pseudelongatum,,,,,"(Longfield, 1936)",Africallagma pseudelongatum was treated as a synonym of A. elongatum for a long time. 63218,Africallagma sapphirinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,sapphirinum,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1950)", 59797,Africallagma sinuatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,sinuatum,,,,,"(Ris, 1921)","A. malawi specimen, described as Africallagma sinuatum f. fugax (Pinhey, 1962), differs significantly from A. sinuatum (Ris, 1921) and is expected to become a good species (May and Dijkstra in prep.)." 59798,Africallagma subtile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,subtile,,,,,"(Ris, 1921)", 59799,Africallagma vaginale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,vaginale,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1917)", 63210,Agriocnemis angolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,angolensis,,,,,"Longfield, 1947",Includes sub-species A. angolensis spatulatum. 169207,Agriocnemis angustirami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,angustirami,,,,,"Pinhey, 1974",Female was recently described by Terzani and Marconi (2003). 64336659,Acinipe comptei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,comptei,,,,,"Llorente del Moral, 1980", 64336664,Acinipe deceptoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,deceptoria,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 64336679,Acinipe eulaliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,eulaliae,,,,,"Olmo-Vidal, 2009", 59800,Agriocnemis exilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,exilis,,,,,"Selys, 1872", 63182,Agriocnemis falcifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,falcifera,,,,,"Pinhey, 1959", 168011,Agriocnemis forcipata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,forcipata,,,,,"Le Roi, 1915",This species is often confused with A. victoria. 59801,Agriocnemis gratiosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,gratiosa,,,,,"Gerstäcker, 1891", 59802,Agriocnemis inversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,inversa,,,,,"Karsch, 1899", 59803,Agriocnemis maclachlani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,maclachlani,,,,,"Selys, 1877","D'Andrea and Carfi (1997) made Agriocnemis aligulae Pinhey, 1974 a synonym of A. maclachlani Selys, 1877." 59804,Agriocnemis palaeforma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,palaeforma,,,,,"Pinhey, 1959", 64336696,Acinipe ignatii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,ignatii,,,,,"Llorente del Moral & Presa, 1983", 64336701,Acinipe mabillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,mabillei,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 64336710,Acinipe paulinoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,paulinoi,,,,,"(Saussure, 1887)", 64336719,Acinipe perisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,perisi,,,,,"Llorente del Moral & Presa, 1983", 64336724,Acinipe segurensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acinipe,segurensis,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1908)", 68376941,Eumigus ayresi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Eumigus,ayresi,,,,,"Bolívar, 1912", 68377000,Eumigus cucullatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Eumigus,cucullatus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)","There are two subspecies: Eumigus cucullatus almeriensis Bolívar, 1912 and Eumigus cucullatus cucullatus (Bolívar, 1878)." 68377050,Eumigus monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Eumigus,monticola,,,,,"(Rambur, 1838)","The specific name should be monticola (Llorente del Moral & Presa Asensio, 1997)." 68377084,Eumigus punctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Eumigus,punctatus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1902)","

There are three subspecies:

  • Eumigus punctatus punctatus (Bolívar, 1902)
  • E. p. calarensis Presa, Llorente del Moral & García, 2000
  • E. p. templadoi Llorente del Moral & Presa, 1986
" 68377122,Eumigus rubioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Eumigus,rubioi,,,,,"Harz, 1973", 68380016,Euryparyphes terrulentus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Euryparyphes,terrulentus,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 44698019,Kurtharzia nugatoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Kurtharzia,nugatoria,,,,,"(Navás, 1909)", 68443249,Ocnerodes fallaciosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Ocnerodes,fallaciosus,,,,,"Bolívar, 1912", 68443288,Ocnerodes prosternalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Ocnerodes,prosternalis,,,,,"Bolívar, 1912", 68443292,Ocnerodes soleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Ocnerodes,soleri,,,,,"Llorente del Moral & Presa, 1983", 68459864,Prionotropis flexuosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Prionotropis,flexuosa,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 68399552,Isophya pyrenaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Isophya,pyrenaea,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 59805,Agriocnemis pinheyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,pinheyi,,,,,"Balinsky, 1963", 68443930,Odontura aspericauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Odontura,aspericauda,,,,,"Rambur, 1838", 68444029,Odontura macphersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Odontura,macphersoni,,,,,"Morales-Agacino, 1943", 68313663,Dolichopoda bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,bolivari,,,,,"Chopard, 1916", 64337798,Albarracinia zapaterii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Albarracinia,zapaterii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)","The species has been moved from the genus Ephippiger Berthold, 1827 by Barat (2012)." 63178,Agriocnemis ruberrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,ruberrima,,,,,"Balinsky, 1961","There are two subspecies: ruberrima Balinsky, 1961 and albifrons Balinsky, 1961. Further taxonomic work is required as A. ruberrima may be split into two separate species." 64547259,Antaxius florezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,florezi,,,,,"Bolívar, 1900", 64547317,Antaxius kraussii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,kraussii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 64547411,Antaxius spinibrachius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,spinibrachius,,,,,"(Fischer, 1853)", 2463,Baetica ustulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Baetica,ustulata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1839)", 64552974,Callicrania belarrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Callicrania,belarrensis,,,,,"Barat, 2007", 64553197,Callicrania demandae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Callicrania,demandae,,,,,"(Schroeter & Pfau, 1987)", 64553359,Callicrania denticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Callicrania,denticulata,,,,,"Barat, 2007", 64553381,Callicrania faberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Callicrania,faberi,,,,,"(Harz, 1975)", 64553404,Callicrania plaxicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Callicrania,plaxicauda,,,,,"Barat, 2007", 64553524,Callicrania vicentae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Callicrania,vicentae,,,,,"Barat, 2007", 44710700,Canariola emarginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Canariola,emarginata,,,,,"Newman, 1964","There is a subspecies: Canariola emarginata paynei Llucià Pomares & Quiñones, 2013" 44710734,Canariola quinonesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Canariola,quinonesi,,,,,"Llucià, Pomares & Iñiguez Yarza, 2010", 44710894,Coracinotus notarioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Coracinotus,notarioi,,,,,"(Gomez Ladrón de Guevara, Pardo & Llorente del Moral, 1998)","Barat (2012) changed the species from Steropleurus Bolívar, 1878 to the new genus Coracinotus." 44710951,Coracinotus politus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Coracinotus,politus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1901)","This species was changed from Steropleurus Bolívar, 1878 to the new genus Coracinotus by Barat (2012)." 44710836,Coracinotus squamiferus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Coracinotus,squamiferus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1907)","This species was changed from the genus Steropleurus Bolívar, 1878 to the new genus Conacinotus by Barat (2012)." 68286168,Ctenodecticus granatensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ctenodecticus,granatensis,,,,,"Pascual, 1978", 59806,Agriocnemis sania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,sania,,,,,"Nielsen, 1959","Agriocnemis sania Nielsen, 1959 was made a subspecies of A. pygmaea (Rambur 1942) by Pinhey (1974). Dumont (1974) redescribed the taxon and elaborated on the differences between A. sania and A. pygmaea, the latter being very abundant and widespread in Asia. Though more taxonomic work is needed, both species are currently considered as good species, with A. sania occurring in northeastern Africa and A. pygmea being widespread in southern Asia" 68286180,Ctenodecticus lusitanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ctenodecticus,lusitanicus,,,,,"Barranco & Pascual, 1992", 68286189,Ctenodecticus major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ctenodecticus,major,,,,,"Pascual, 1978", 68286205,Ctenodecticus masferreri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ctenodecticus,masferreri,,,,,"Bolívar, 1894", 68286211,Ctenodecticus pupulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ctenodecticus,pupulus,,,,,"Bolívar, 1877", 68286373,Ctenodecticus thymi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ctenodecticus,thymi,,,,,"Olmo-Vidal, 1999", 68286733,Cyrtaspis tuberculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Cyrtaspis,tuberculata,,,,,"Barranco, 2005", 68317934,Ephippigerida areolaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,areolaria,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)", 68318023,Ephippigerida asella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,asella,,,,,"Navás, 1907","Ephippigerida marceti is probably a synonym of E. asella or of E. areolaria (Barat 2012, Olmo 2006, Poniatowski et al. 2010)" 68318089,Ephippigerida carinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,carinata,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)", 68318209,Ephippigerida diluta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,diluta,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 68318314,Ephippigerida longicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,longicauda,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1873)", 68318450,Ephippigerida marceti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,marceti,,,,,"Navás, 1907","This species is probably synonymous with Ephippigerida asella Navás, 1907 or Ephippigerida areolaria (Bolívar, 1877) (Olmo 2006, Poniatowski et al. 2010, Barat 2012)." 68318511,Ephippigerida pantingana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,pantingana,,,,,"(Navás, 1904)", 68410961,Lluciapomaresius anapaulae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lluciapomaresius,anapaulae,,,,,"(Schmidt, 2009)","Taxonomic research is needed in the group of species composed by Lluciapomaresius anapaulae, L. asturiensis and L. nobrei to clearly identify their taxonomic status and the characteristics that distinguish these entities. Lluciapomaredius anapaulae and L. asturiensis are very similar in morphology and bioacustics, while it is not possible to distinguish L. asturiensis from L. nobrei (Pfau and Pfau 2015)." 68411331,Lluciapomaresius asturiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lluciapomaresius,asturiensis,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1898)","Taxonomic research is needed in the group of species composed by Lluciapomaresius asturiensis,  L. anapaulae, and L. nobrei to clearly identify their taxonomic status and the characteristics that distinguish these entities. It is not possible to distinguish L. asturiensis from L. nobrei regarding bioacustics, while distinctness between Lluciapomaresius anapaulae and L. asturiensis  is limited (Pfau and Pfau 2015)." 68413029,Lluciapomaresius nobrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lluciapomaresius,nobrei,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1898)","Research is needed to ascertain the validity of this species and its distinction from Lluciapomaresius asturiensis. Available information shows no differentiation between the male songs of both species and a hypothesis for the synonymy of L. asturiensis and L. nobrei exists (Barat, pers. comm. in Pfau and Pfau 2015)." 68427313,Lluciapomaresius ortegai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lluciapomaresius,ortegai,,,,,"(Pantel, 1896)","The species was changed from the genus Steropleurus Bolívar, 1878 to the new genus Lluciapomaresius by Barat (2012)." 68427395,Lluciapomaresius panteli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lluciapomaresius,panteli,,,,,"(Navás, 1899)","This species was changed from the genus Steropleurus Bolívar, 1878 to the new genus Lluciapomaresius by Barat (2012)." 59807,Agriocnemis victoria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,victoria,,,,,"Fraser, 1928",This species is often confused with A. forcipata. 68427403,Lluciapomaresius stalii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Lluciapomaresius,stalii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)","

This species has been changed from the genus Steropleurus Bolívar, 1878 to the new genus Lluciapomaresius by Barat (2012).

" 68427598,Metrioptera ambigua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,ambigua,,,,,"Pfau, 1986", 68427754,Metrioptera maritima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metrioptera,maritima,,,,,"Olmo-Vidal, 1992", 68439963,Montana barretii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Montana,barretii,,,,,"(Burr, 1912)", 68439977,Montana carpetana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Montana,carpetana,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1887)","This species was moved from the genus Platycleis Fieber, 1853 to the new genus Montana by Eades et al. (2010)." 68442303,Neocallicrania bolivarii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Neocallicrania,bolivarii,,,,,"(Seoane, 1878)","This species was moved from the genus Callicrania Bolivar, 1898 to Neocallicrania by Barat (2007)." 68442317,Neocallicrania lusitanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Neocallicrania,lusitanica,,,,,"(Aires & Menano, 1916)", 68442426,Neocallicrania miegii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Neocallicrania,miegii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1873)", 68442452,Neocallicrania selligera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Neocallicrania,selligera,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)", 68442513,Neocallicrania serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Neocallicrania,serrata,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1885)", 68446850,Parasteropleurus balearicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parasteropleurus,balearicus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1884)","This species was moved from the genus Ephippiger Berthold, 1827 by Barat (2012)." 68446871,Parasteropleurus martorellii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parasteropleurus,martorellii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)","

There are two subspecies: Parasteropleurus martorelli martorelli (Bolívar, 1878) and Parasteropleurus martorelli angulatus (Bolívar, 1908). This species was moved from the genus Ephippiger Berthold, 1827 by Barat (2012).

" 68446900,Parasteropleurus perezii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Parasteropleurus,perezii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)","This species was moved from the genus Ephippiger Berthold, 1827 by Barat (2012)." 68452832,Platycleis iberica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platycleis,iberica,,,,,"Zeuner, 1941", 68453544,Platystolus martinezii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platystolus,martinezii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1873)", 68453553,Platystolus surcularius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platystolus,surcularius,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)", 68460092,Psalmatophanes barretoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Psalmatophanes,barretoi,,,,,"Chopard, 1938", 68462760,Pterolepis cordubensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pterolepis,cordubensis,,,,,"Bolívar, 1900", 68462914,Pterolepis lusitanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pterolepis,lusitanica,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1900)", 68462851,Pterolepis grallata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pterolepis,grallata,,,,,"(Pantel, 1886)",The taxonomic status of this species was revised recently (Barranco and Gutierrez-Rodríguez 2010). 68463038,Pterolepis spoliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pterolepis,spoliata,,,,,"Rambur, 1838","There are several subspecies:
  • Pterolepis spoliata kaltenbachi Galvagni, 1981
  • P. s. llorenteae Galvagni, 1981
  • P. s. minor Bolívar, 1900
  • P. s. nadigi Galvagni, 1981
  • P. s. nevdensis Galvagni, 1981
  • P. s. pascuali Galvagni, 1981
  • P. s. raggei Galvagni, 1981
" 68464883,Pycnogaster algecirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,algecirensis,,,,,"Bolívar, 1926","

Pycnogaster gurriae Pinedo, 1987 is considered a junior synonym of P. algericensis. Some authors have proposed this species as a subspecies of Pycnogaster finoti (Pinedo and Llorente 1986).

" 68464988,Pycnogaster gaditana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,gaditana,,,,,"Bolívar, 1900", 68464994,Pycnogaster graellsii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,graellsii,,,,,"Bolívar, 1873", 68465022,Pycnogaster inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,inermis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1838)", 68465072,Pycnogaster jugicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,jugicola,,,,,"Graells, 1851", 68465107,Pycnogaster sanchezgomezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,sanchezgomezi,,,,,"Bolívar, 1897","Two subspecies of this species are known: Pycnogaster (Bradygaster) sanchezgomezi sanchezgomezi Bolívar, 1897 and Pycnogaster (Bradygaster) sanchezgomezi constricta Bolívar, 1926." 68465113,Pycnogaster valentini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pycnogaster,valentini,,,,,"Pinedo, 1987", 68468373,Roeseliana azami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Roeseliana,azami,,,,,"(Finot, 1892)", 68468511,Sabaterpia hispanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Sabaterpia,hispanica,,,,,"(Kollar, 1853)","The species was moved from the genus Ephippigerida Bolívar, 1903 by Barat (2012)," 68468537,Sabaterpia paulinoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Sabaterpia,paulinoi,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)","This species was moved from the genus Ephippigerida Bolívar, 1903 by Barat (2012)," 68469098,Steropleurus andalusius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Steropleurus,andalusius,,,,,"(Rambur, 1838)","There are two subspecies: Steropleurus andalusius andalusius (Rambur, 1838) Steropleurus andalusius levantinus (Bolívar, 1908)." 68469124,Steropleurus brunnerii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Steropleurus,brunnerii,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1877)",This species needs to be taxonomically reassessed in the light of current knowledge of the tribe Ephippigerini (Barat 2012). 68469138,Steropleurus castellanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Steropleurus,castellanus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 68469161,Steropleurus flavovittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Steropleurus,flavovittatus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 68469176,Steropleurus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Steropleurus,obsoletus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1898)",This is probably a misidentification of an exceptionally large specimen of S. brunerii (J.R. Correas pers. comm. 2016). 68469184,Steropleurus pseudolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Steropleurus,pseudolus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1878)", 68469192,Steropleurus recticarinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Steropleurus,recticarinatus,,,,,"(Llorente del Moral, 1980)", 68469221,Synephippius obvius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Synephippius,obvius,,,,,"(Navás, 1904)","This species was moved from the genus Callicrania Bolívar, 1898 by Barat (2007)." 68485030,Tettigonia hispanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tettigonia,hispanica,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1893)", 59808,Agriocnemis zerafica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,zerafica,,,,,"Le Roi, 1915", 68485071,Thyreonotus bidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Thyreonotus,bidens,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1887)", 68486168,Uromenus rugosicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Uromenus,rugosicollis,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 68486527,Zeuneriana burriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zeuneriana,burriana,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1935)", 158607,Azuragrion buchholzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Azuragrion,buchholzi,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1971)", 60286,Azuragrion granti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Azuragrion,granti,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1903)", 59819,Azuragrion nigridorsum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Azuragrion,nigridorsum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)",This species potentially requires further investigation as there are discontinuities in habitat and behaviour across its range. 184209,Azuragrion somalicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Azuragrion,somalicum,,,,,"(Longfield, 1931)", 59820,Azuragrion vansomereni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Azuragrion,vansomereni,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1956)",Enallagma vansomereni is a synonym.
 59699,Ceriagrion annulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,annulatum,,,,,"Fraser, 1955","Previously listed as Argiocnemis umbargae Pinhey 1970, which is a synonym of the widespread Ceriagrion annulatum (Dijkstra unpublished)." 59826,Ceriagrion bakeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,bakeri,,,,,"Fraser, 1941", 169208,Ceriagrion citrinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,citrinum,,,,,"Campion, 1914",Taxonomy is clarified by Dijkstra (2005). 59827,Ceriagrion corallinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,corallinum,,,,,"Campion, 1914", 59828,Ceriagrion glabrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,glabrum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 184297,Ceriagrion ignitum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,ignitum,,,,,"Campion, 1914",Taxonomy is clarified by Dijkstra (2005). 63211,Ceriagrion katamborae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,katamborae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 59829,Ceriagrion kordofanicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,kordofanicum,,,,,"Ris, 1924", 4249,Ceriagrion mourae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,mourae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1969",Suspected synonimized with C. suave (Dijkstra). 184214,Ceriagrion rubellocerinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,rubellocerinum,,,,,"Fraser, 1947", 168006,Ceriagrion sakejii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,sakejii,,,,,"Pinhey, 1963", 59833,Ceriagrion suave,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,suave,,,,,"Ris, 1921","Ceriagrion moorei and C. hamoni may be synonymous with C. suave (Dijkstra 2005) and are treated as such here." 165495,Ceriagrion tenellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,tenellum,,,,,"(deVillers, 1789)", 89033097,Ceriagrion varians,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,varians,,,,,"(Fraser, 1941)", 59834,Ceriagrion whellani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,whellani,,,,,"Longfield, 1952", 59855,Coryphagrion grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coryphagrion,grandis,,,,,"Morton, 1924", 184298,Enallagma deserti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,deserti,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 60266,Ischnura abyssinica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,abyssinica,,,,,"Martin, 1907",Ischnura hilli was collected from the same locality as I. abyssinica. Full credit to the new synonymy is given in Clausnitzer and Dijkstra (2005). 59897,Ischnura senegalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,senegalensis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 59947,Oreocnemis phoenix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oreocnemis,phoenix,,,,,"Pinhey, 1971", 63200,Pseudagrion angolense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,angolense,,,,,"Selys, 1875","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"".

This species has often been confused with P. hageni tropicanum." 59767,Pseudagrion coeruleipunctum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,coeruleipunctum,,,,,"Pinhey, 1964","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 4731,Chlorolestes apricans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chlorolestes,apricans,,,,,"Wilmot, 1975", 59854,Chlorolestes elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chlorolestes,elegans,,,,,"Pinhey, 1950", 6975,Ecchlorolestes peringueyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Ecchlorolestes,peringueyi,,,,,"(Ris, 1921)", 169250,Nubiolestes diotima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Nubiolestes,diotima,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1943)",This is the only member of this otherwise Neotropical family in Africa. 158565,Allocnemis interrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,interrupta,,,,,"(Legrand, 1984)", 59695,Allocnemis mitwabae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,mitwabae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 184198,Mesocnemis saralisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Mesocnemis,saralisa,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2008", 184218,Elattoneura morini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,morini,,,,,"Legrand, 1985", 13257,Spesbona angusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Spesbona,angusta,,,,,"(Selys, 1863)", 184250,Pseudagrion grilloti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,grilloti,,,,,"Legrand, 1987", 63175,Pseudagrion inopinatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,inopinatum,,,,,"Balinsky, 1971","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". P. inopinatum is an A-group species." 184217,Pseudagrion thenartum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,thenartum,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 158586,Pseudagrion symoensii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,symoensii,,,,,"Pinhey, 1967", 59769,Pseudagrion vumbaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,vumbaense,,,,,"Balinsky, 1963","A-group. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B""." 75548420,Odontamblyopus rubicundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Odontamblyopus,rubicundus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 75553587,Nemipterus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,marginatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)","According to Hung et al. (2017), Nemipterus marginatus contains cryptic species, and further taxonomic work is needed." 75553913,Nemipterus nematophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,nematophorus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)",This species has genetically distinct clades in the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean (Hung et al. 2017). 75555773,Psettina iijimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,iijimae,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1904)", 75555802,Cynoglossus macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,macrolepidotus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","The taxonomic status of the nominal species Cynoglossus arel and C. macrolepidotus remains uncertain. Menon (1977) and Munroe (2001) consider C. macrolepidotus a junior synonym of C. arel; however, other authors consider both to be valid species (e.g., Li and Wang 1995, Mishra et al. 1999). Cynoglossus macrolepidotus was recently included in the comparative material for the description of C. crepida (Fricke et al. 2017) and it is currently listed as valid in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2020). Research is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of these two nominal species. For the purposes of this assessment, C. macrolepidotus will be considered to be a valid species." 75556569,Paramonacanthus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,sulcatus,,,,,"(Hollard, 1854)",This species can be easily confused with other Paramonacanthus spp. (Hutchins 1997). 75556671,Thamnaconus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 75605243,Pseudothecadactylus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Pseudothecadactylus,australis,,,,,(Günther 1877), 75605256,Pseudothecadactylus cavaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Pseudothecadactylus,cavaticus,,,,,"Cogger, 1975", 75605268,Pseudothecadactylus lindneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Pseudothecadactylus,lindneri,,,,,"Cogger, 1975", 178305,Sphaerodactylus pimienta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,pimienta,,,,,"Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1998", 75606855,Amerotyphlops paucisquamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,paucisquamus,,,,,"(Dixon & Hendricks, 1979)", 178223,Cubatyphlops biminiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,biminiensis,,,,,"(Richmond, 1955)","Previously, there were three subspecies recognized:
Typhlops biminiensis biminiensis Richmond, 1955
Typhlops biminiensis paradoxus Thomas, 1968
Typhlops biminiensis epactia Thomas, 1968

Typhlops biminiensis epactia and Typhlops biminiensis paradoxus have both been elevated to species status (Typhlops epactius and Typhlops paradoxus by Thomas and Hedges (2007)." 75306250,Leiocephalus cubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,cubensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1840)", 75309082,Leiocephalus macropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,macropus,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 75310301,Leiocephalus onaneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,onaneyi,,,,,"Garrido, 1973", 75317545,Leiocephalus raviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,raviceps,,,,,"Cope, 1863", 75318379,Leiocephalus stictigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,stictigaster,,,,,"Schwartz, 1959", 75319032,Leiocephalus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,varius,,,,,"Garman, 1887","This species has been treated as a subspecies of Leiocephalus carinatus, but is treated as a full species in recent literature (McCranie 2011, 2015, 2018; Hedges et al. 2019). McCranie (2018) notes that the species exhibits diagnostic features which do not overlap with other members of the L. carinatus group, supporting its recognition as a full species." 75601781,Mitophis pyrites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Mitophis,pyrites,,,,,"(Thomas, 1965)", 75605298,Aristelliger nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,nelsoni,,,,,"Barbour, 1914","Hecht (1951) treated Aristelliger nelsoni as a subspecies of A. praesignis in a distribution map of the species' range but provided no supporting justification. This scheme has nonetheless been widely followed since, although distinct morphological differences between A. nelsoni and the nominate form were highlighted by Bauer and Russell (1993). McCranie (2018) corroborated this finding, and noted that the deep sea separating the Swan Islands from the Cayman Islands and Jamaica further supports the recognition of the two taxa as distinct species. This author recommended treating A. nelsoni as a full species pending molecular research to clarify its status, a recommendation that had previously been followed by Powell and Henderson (2012). On this basis, and noting that the proposed subspecific status has never been adequately justified, this account follows McCranie (2015, 2018) in treating A. nelsoni as a full species." 75605347,Sphaerodactylus bromeliarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,bromeliarum,,,,,"Peters & Schwartz, 1977", 75605357,Sphaerodactylus celicara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,celicara,,,,,"Garrido & Schwartz, 1982", 75605382,Sphaerodactylus cricoderus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,cricoderus,,,,,"Thomas, Hedges & Garrido, 1992", 75605406,Sphaerodactylus dimorphicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,dimorphicus,,,,,"Fong & Diaz, 2004", 75605409,Sphaerodactylus docimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,docimus,,,,,"Schwartz & Garrido, 1985", 75605419,Sphaerodactylus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,elegans,,,,,"Macleay, 1834", 75605443,Sphaerodactylus fantasticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,fantasticus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1836", 75605455,Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,gilvitorques,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 75605460,Sphaerodactylus inaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,inaguae,,,,,"Noble, 1932", 75605465,Sphaerodactylus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,intermedius,,,,,"Barbour & Ramsden, 1919", 75605520,Sphaerodactylus mariguanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,mariguanae,,,,,"Cochran, 1934", 75605531,Sphaerodactylus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,microlepis,,,,,"Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862","Two subspecies have been described, one from the Maria Islands and one from the Saint Lucia mainland. There is a recent record confirming the occurrence of the Maria Island form at Grand Anse on the Saint Lucia mainland (M. Morton pers. comm. to J. Daltry 2015)." 75605549,Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 75605559,Sphaerodactylus nycteropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,nycteropus,,,,,"Thomas & Schwartz, 1977", 75605587,Sphaerodactylus oliveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,oliveri,,,,,"Grant, 1944", 75605618,Sphaerodactylus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,parvus,,,,,"King, 1962", 75605636,Sphaerodactylus phyzacinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,phyzacinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1964", 75605827,Sphaerodactylus ramsdeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,ramsdeni,,,,,"Ruibal, 1959", 75605865,Sphaerodactylus roosevelti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,roosevelti,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 75605872,Sphaerodactylus ruibali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,ruibali,,,,,"Grant, 1959", 75605892,Sphaerodactylus schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,schwartzi,,,,,"Thomas, 1992", 75605902,Sphaerodactylus shrevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,shrevei,,,,,"Lazell, 1961", 75605937,Sphaerodactylus siboney,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,siboney,,,,,"Fong & Diaz, 2004", 75605960,Sphaerodactylus townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,townsendi,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 75606023,Ameiva desechensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,desechensis,,,,,"Heatwole & Torres, 1967","Ameiva desechensis is treated here as a full species following Rivero (1998), the scheme followed by Caribherp (2017). The taxonomic status of this form has nevertheless been unclear due to competing treatments, with some authors considering it a subspecies of Ameiva exsul (e.g. Schwartz and Henderson 1991). A recent molecular treatment of teoid lizards (Goicoechea et al. 2016) adopted this arrangement by implication, as these authors listed the species they provisionally assigned to the resurrected genus Pholidoscelis, but made no mention of this taxon (N. Angeli pers. comm. 2017). Taxonomic relationships between Ameiva e. exsul and other proposed subspecies are the subject of work presently under review (N. Angeli in litt.), which may clarify the status of A. desechensis." 75606372,Tropidophis bucculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,bucculentus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 75606395,Tropidophis canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,canus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 75606416,Tropidophis caymanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,caymanensis,,,,,"Battersby, 1938", 75606425,Tropidophis celiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,celiae,,,,,"Hedges, Estrada & Diaz, 1999", 75606430,Tropidophis curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,curtus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)", 75606446,Tropidophis feicki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,feicki,,,,,"Schwartz, 1957", 75606452,Tropidophis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,fuscus,,,,,"Hedges & Garrido, 1992", 75606462,Tropidophis galacelidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,galacelidus,,,,,"Schwartz & Garrido, 1975", 75606501,Tropidophis greenwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,greenwayi,,,,,"Barbour & Shreve, 1936", 75606510,Tropidophis haetianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,haetianus,,,,,"(Cope, 1879)", 75606519,Tropidophis hardyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,hardyi,,,,,"Schwartz & Garrido, 1975", 75606528,Tropidophis jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,jamaicensis,,,,,"Stull, 1928", 75606537,Tropidophis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,maculatus,,,,,"(Bibron, 1840)", 75606547,Tropidophis melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,melanurus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 75606556,Tropidophis morenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,morenoi,,,,,"Hedges, Garrido & Díaz, 2001", 75606559,Tropidophis nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,nigriventris,,,,,"Bailey, 1937", 75606581,Tropidophis parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,parkeri,,,,,"Grant, 1941", 75606606,Tropidophis pilsbryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,pilsbryi,,,,,"Bailey, 1937", 75606623,Tropidophis schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,schwartzi,,,,,"Thomas, 1963", 75606632,Tropidophis semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,semicinctus,,,,,"(Gundlach & Peters, 1864)", 75606641,Tropidophis spiritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,spiritus,,,,,"Hedges & Garrido, 1999", 75606659,Tropidophis stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,stejnegeri,,,,,"Grant, 1940", 75606669,Tropidophis stullae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,stullae,,,,,"Grant, 1940","Records from Hellshire have been sequenced and identified as a separate, undescribed species (S.B. Hedges, unpubl. data), confirming that Tropidophis stullae is known only from Portland Ridge and likely to be endemic to this area." 75606693,Tropidophis wrighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,wrighti,,,,,"Stull, 1928", 75606708,Tropidophis xanthogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,xanthogaster,,,,,"Domínguez, Moreno & Hedges, 2006", 75607007,Cubatyphlops anchaurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,anchaurus,,,,,"(Thomas & Hedges, 2007)", 75607022,Cubatyphlops anousius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,anousius,,,,,"(Thomas & Hedges, 2007)", 75607030,Cubatyphlops arator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,arator,,,,,"(Thomas & Hedges, 2007)", 75607260,Cubatyphlops contorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,contorhinus,,,,,"(Thomas & Hedges, 2007)", 75607267,Antillotyphlops dominicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,dominicanus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 75607284,Typhlops eperopeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,eperopeus,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 2007", 75607301,Cubatyphlops golyathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,golyathi,,,,,"(Dominguez & Moreno, 2009)", 75607314,Antillotyphlops granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,granti,,,,,"(Ruthven & Gaige, 1935)", 75607330,Typhlops leptolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,leptolepis,,,,,"Dominguez, Fong & Iturriaga, 2013","The taxonomic history of Typhlops lumbricalis is complicated, and is summarized by Domínguez and Díaz (2011). These authors revised this species and restricted its distribution to the Bahamas, but did not fully characterize records of the Typhlops lumbricalis group from Cuba, all previously considered to belong to this species. This and subsequent work described the new species Typhlops oxyrhinus, T. pachyrhinus (Domínguez and Díaz 2011) and T. leptolepis (Domínguez et al. 2013), and redescribed T. silus Legler, 1959 (Domínguez and Díaz 2015), considered a junior synonym of T. lumbricalis since Richmond (1961). These descriptions were all based on morphological data and limited sampling of specimens held in museums outside Cuba. This sampling may be inadequate to fully characterize diversity and delimit species in a particularly complex group of blindsnakes, and further taxonomic work including both molecular approaches and wider sampling of international collections is needed to confirm species boundaries within this group (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2017" 75607334,Typhlops lumbricalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,lumbricalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomic history of Typhlops lumbricalis is complicated, and is summarized by Domínguez and Díaz (2011). These authors revised this species and restricted its distribution to the Bahamas, but did not fully characterize records of the Typhlops lumbricalis group from Cuba, all previously considered to belong to this species. This and subsequent work described the new species Typhlops oxyrhinus, T. pachyrhinus (Domínguez and Díaz 2011) and T. leptolepis (Domínguez et al. 2013), and redescribed T. silus Legler, 1959 (Domínguez and Díaz 2015), considered a junior synonym of T. lumbricalis since Richmond (1961). These descriptions were all based on morphological data and limited sampling of specimens held in museums outside Cuba. This sampling may be inadequate to fully characterize diversity and delimit species in a particularly complex group of blindsnakes, and further taxonomic work including both molecular approaches and wider sampling of international collections is needed to confirm species boundaries within this group (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2017)." 75607363,Cubatyphlops notorachius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,notorachius,,,,,"(Thomas & Hedges, 2007)", 75607370,Typhlops oxyrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,oxyrhinus,,,,,"Dominguez & Diaz, 2011","The taxonomic history of Typhlops lumbricalis is complicated, and is summarized by Domínguez and Díaz (2011). These authors revised this species and restricted its distribution to the Bahamas, but did not fully characterize records of the Typhlops lumbricalis group from Cuba, all previously considered to belong to this species. This and subsequent work described the new species Typhlops oxyrhinus, T. pachyrhinus (Domínguez and Díaz 2011) and T. leptolepis (Domínguez et al. 2013), and redescribed T. silus Legler, 1959 (Domínguez and Díaz 2015), considered a junior synonym of T. lumbricalis since Richmond (1961). These descriptions were all based on morphological data and limited sampling of specimens held in museums outside Cuba. This sampling may be inadequate to fully characterize diversity and delimit species in a particularly complex group of blindsnakes, and further taxonomic work including both molecular approaches and wider sampling of international collections is needed to confirm species boundaries within this group (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2017" 75607373,Typhlops pachyrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,pachyrhinus,,,,,"Dominguez & Diaz, 2011","The taxonomic history of Typhlops lumbricalis is complicated, and is summarized by Domínguez and Díaz (2011). These authors revised this species and restricted its distribution to the Bahamas, but did not fully characterize records of the Typhlops lumbricalis group from Cuba, all previously considered to belong to this species. This and subsequent work described the new species Typhlops oxyrhinus, T. pachyrhinus (Domínguez and Díaz 2011) and T. leptolepis (Domínguez et al. 2013), and redescribed T. silus Legler, 1959 (Domínguez and Díaz 2015), considered a junior synonym of T. lumbricalis since Richmond (1961). These descriptions were all based on morphological data and limited sampling of specimens held in museums outside Cuba. This sampling may be inadequate to fully characterize diversity and delimit species in a particularly complex group of blindsnakes, and further taxonomic work including both molecular approaches and wider sampling of international collections is needed to confirm species boundaries within this group (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2017" 75607377,Cubatyphlops paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,paradoxus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1968)", 75607388,Cubatyphlops perimychus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,perimychus,,,,,"(Thomas & Hedges, 2007)", 75607396,Antillotyphlops platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,platycephalus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)", 75607403,Typhlops proancylops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,proancylops,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 2007", 75607434,Cubatyphlops satelles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,satelles,,,,,"(Thomas & Hedges, 2007)", 75607446,Typhlops silus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,silus,,,,,"Legler, 1959","The taxonomic history of Typhlops lumbricalis is complicated, and is summarized by Domínguez and Díaz (2011). These authors revised this species and restricted its distribution to the Bahamas, but did not fully characterize records of the Typhlops lumbricalis group from Cuba, all previously considered to belong to this species. This and subsequent work described the new species Typhlops oxyrhinus, T. pachyrhinus (Domínguez and Díaz 2011) and T. leptolepis (Domínguez et al. 2013), and redescribed T. silus Legler, 1959 (Domínguez and Díaz 2015), considered a junior synonym of T. lumbricalis since Richmond (1961). These descriptions were all based on morphological data and limited sampling of specimens held in museums outside Cuba. This sampling may be inadequate to fully characterize diversity and delimit species in a particularly complex group of blindsnakes, and further taxonomic work including both molecular approaches and wider sampling of international collections is needed to confirm species boundaries within this group (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2017)." 133085,Balanophyllia europaea,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,DENDROPHYLLIIDAE,Balanophyllia,europaea,,,,,"(Risso, 1826)", 203654,Amerotyphlops stadelmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,stadelmani,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1936)",Was previously listed on The IUCN Red List under the genus Typhlops but is now treated under Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 75766496,Renea berica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Renea,berica,,,,,"Niero, Nardi & Braccia, 2012", 75768272,Cochlostoma mariannae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,mariannae,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 2011",The validity of Cochlostoma mariannae has been recently confirmed by anatomical and molecular investigations (Zallot et al. 2014). 75768855,Tudorella melitensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tudorella,melitensis,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby II, 1843)", 75771813,Tudorella panormitana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIIDAE,Tudorella,panormitana,,,,,"(Sacchi, 1954)", 75773089,Zospeum trebicianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,trebicianum,,,,,"Stossich, 1899", 75775050,Deroceras roblesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,roblesi,,,,,"Borredà, 2003","Borredà (2003) indicates that Deroceras roblesi presents morpho-anatomical characteristics that allow to differ it from D. altimirai Altena, 1969, D. levisarcobelum De Winter, 1986 and D. tarracense Altena, 1969, which occurs at the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. De Winter (1986) proposed the two last taxa as subspecies of D. altimirai and Castillejo, Garrido and Iglesias (1993, 1995) raised these taxa to species, based on anatomical differences. Therefore, it is necessary to perform molecular studies that contribute to clarify the validity or otherwise of the taxa involved." 75776095,Arion occultus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,occultus,,,,,"Anderson, 2004", 75776403,Arion ponsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,ponsi,,,,,"Quintana, 2007", 75779883,Albinaria byzantina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,byzantina,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)",The validity of the taxon is questioned by Welter-Schultes (2010). 75780934,Carinigera albicosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Carinigera,albicosta,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1877)", 170701,Deroceras rodnae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,rodnae,,,,,"Grossu & Lupu, 1965", 42845,Ceratogomphus triceraticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ceratogomphus,triceraticus,,,,,"Balinsky, 1963", 59776,Cornigomphus guineensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cornigomphus,guineensis,,,,,"Martin, 1907","Examination of the holotype shows that Cornigomphus guineensis is probably a species of Tragogomphus, a taxonomically unresolved genus. However, listing of any Tragogomphus species is premature (Dijkstra unpublished)." 133142,Cladocora caespitosa,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,FAVIIDAE,Cladocora,caespitosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)","

Even though the species was considered as part of the family Faviidae, this affiliation has been considered dubious and the species has most recently been placed within Caryophylliidae (Romano and Cairns 2000, Cairns et al. 2001) and now within Scleractinia incertae sedis (Hoeksema and Cairns 2013).

" 75881148,Alinda atanasovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,atanasovi,,,,,"(Urbański, 1964)", 75882406,Alinda elegantissima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,elegantissima,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914", 75882985,Alinda pancici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,pancici,,,,,"(Pavlović, 1912)", 75883552,Alinda vratzatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,vratzatica,,,,,"(Likharev, 1972)", 75883875,Alinda wagneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,wagneri,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1911)","The species was described by A.J.Wagner (in Wohlberedt 1911) from a single specimen (Damjanov and Likharev 1975) from Asenovgrad, but no additional specimens were found at the type locality after this (Urbanski 1969, Irikov and Mollov 2006, unpublished data). Urbanski (1969) suggests that the type specimen found in Asenovgrad was found in an alluvium area of the Chepelarska River and originated from Chernatitsa or Radyova Gora ridges, but this assumption is not confirmed. This raises questions about the origin of the nominate subspecies and its original occurrence." 169230,Cornigomphus mariannae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cornigomphus,mariannae,,,,,"(Legrand, 1992)",Transferred to Onychogomphus by Legrand (2003). 165461,Gomphus simillimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,simillimus,,,,,"Selys, 1840","The Maghrebian populations of Gomphus simillimus are ascribed to a weakly differentiated subspecies, Gomphus simillimus marocannus Lieftinck 1966. Its overall heterogeneity is much more marked than expected in the original description, however, so that this taxon is probably more a local form than a true subspecies." 169240,Libyogomphus christinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Libyogomphus,christinae,,,,,"(Legrand, 1992)", 75927841,Conilurus capricornensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Conilurus,capricornensis,,,,,"Cramb & Hocknull, 2010", 75927882,Pseudomys auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,auritus,,,,,"Thomas, 1910",No subspecies are recognized. 158604,Libyogomphus emiliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Libyogomphus,emiliae,,,,,"(Legrand, 1992)","The group requires taxonomic revision, as it may belong to the genus Tragogomphus." 158573,Libyogomphus mamfei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Libyogomphus,mamfei,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1961)","From Dijkstra (2007): ""Pinhey (1961b) noted that T. mamfei “has a remarkable superficial resemblance to a Uganda species of Gomphid, now under publication as an aberrant Onychogomphus”. This O. bwambae Pinhey, 1961 may indeed belong to the complex also, as could O. emiliae Legrand, 1992. The species differ only subtily in relative features of size, markings, dorsal profile of S10 and appendages. The T. mamfei holotype is rather teneral and belongs to a small species (Hw 24.7 mm), which has also recently been collected in southwest Cameroon (G.S. Vick in litt.). All species currently classified in Tragogomphus must be revised, including the possible distinction of additional genera in the complex (Cornigomphus, Libyogomphus).""" 63187,Neurogomphus cocytius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,cocytius,,,,,"Cammaerts, 2004", 184262,Paragomphus crenigomphoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,crenigomphoides,,,,,"Clausnitzer & Dijkstra, 2005", 169231,Paragomphus kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,kiautai,,,,,"Legrand, 1992", 184292,Paragomphus machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,machadoi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961","Possibly synonymous with P. nigroviridis, but the holotype is badly damaged and the name P. machadoi has priority." 169232,Paragomphus tournieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,tournieri,,,,,"Legrand, 1992", 184306,Phyllogomphus schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,schoutedeni,,,,,"Fraser, 1957", 60289,Cordulegaster princeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,princeps,,,,,"Morton, 1916", 169216,Phyllomacromia lamottei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,lamottei,,,,,"(Legrand, 1993)",Very similar to P. bispina from east Africa and P. bicristulata and P. villiersi from central Africa: requires revision. 169219,Phyllomacromia occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,occidentalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)",Identity deserves study. 158581,Phyllomacromia villiersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,villiersi,,,,,"(Legrand, 1992)","Further taxonomic studies are necessary, as this species might belong to P. bispina (Fraser, 1954) or another more widespread and variable taxon (Dijkstra 2007)." 158591,Aethiothemis mediofasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,mediofasciata,,,,,"Ris, 1931","Sometimes considered as synonym to Aethiothemis solitaria Martin, 1908, but is a distinct species (Dijkstra unpubl.)." 90668826,Eleuthemis buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Eleuthemis,buettikoferi,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 158588,Malgassophlebia westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Malgassophlebia,westfalli,,,,,"Legrand, 1986", 75976755,Rhampholeon hattinghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,hattinghi,,,,,"Tilbury & Tolley, 2015", 75976903,Kinyongia mulyai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,mulyai,,,,,"Tilbury & Tolley, 2015", 59742,Micromacromia flava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micromacromia,flava,,,,,"(Longfield, 1947)", 63196,Neodythemis fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961",It was in the genus Porpacithemis and has recently been revised by Djikstra and Vick (2005). 184300,Neodythemis munyaga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,munyaga,,,,,"Dijkstra & Vick, 2006", 184188,Neodythemis nyungwe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,nyungwe,,,,,"Dijkstra & Vick, 2006", 169241,Neodythemis takamandensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,takamandensis,,,,,"(Vick, 2000)","Previously placed in its own genus Mesumbethemis Vick, 2000 (Dijkstra and Vick 2005)." 169242,Orthetrum sagitta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,sagitta,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 158594,Tetrathemis fraseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,fraseri,,,,,"Legrand, 1977", 22207,Trithemis hartwigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,hartwigi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1970", 76015496,Atlantica anagaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,anagaensis,,,,,"Ibáñez & D. Holyoak, 2011", 22208,Trithemis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,nigra,,,,,"Longfield, 1936", 158557,Trithemis osvaldae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,osvaldae,,,,,"d'Andrea & Carfi, 1997",Most likely a synonym of C. apicalis (C. trithemoides) (Dijsktra unpubl.). 168005,Trithemis dubia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,dubia,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)",Formerly placed in Porpacithemis. 158554,Trithemis fumosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,fumosa,,,,,"Pinhey, 1962", 22816,Urothemis luciana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,luciana,,,,,"Balinsky, 1961", 184269,Tragogomphus ellioti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Tragogomphus,ellioti,,,,,"Legrand, 2002","The species is close to T. aurivilii, requiring further work." 169255,Stenocnemis pachystigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Stenocnemis,pachystigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 76020082,Atlantica saproxylophaga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,saproxylophaga,,,,,"M. Alonso, G. Holyoak & Yanes, 2011", 42840,Metacnemis valida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Metacnemis,valida,,,,,"Hagen in Sélys, 1863", 76020316,Balcanodiscus danyii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,danyii,,,,,"Erőss, Fehér & Páll-Gergely, 2011", 76023758,Dilataria bosnica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Dilataria,bosnica,,,,,"(Brancsik, 1897)", 76023773,Dilataria pirostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Dilataria,pirostoma,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1877)", 76024593,Euxinella subaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Euxinella,subaii,,,,,"Dedov & Neubert, 2009", 76024973,Gyralina graeca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,graeca,,,,,"Dedov & Subai, 2012", 76025078,Gyralina lunikense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,lunikense,,,,,"Fehér & Erőss, 2009", 76025250,Gyralina nautilopsis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,nautilopsis,,,,,"Dedov & Subai, 2012", 76025968,Gyralina orientalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,orientalis,,,,,"Dedov & Subai, 2012", 76025980,Gyralina riedeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,riedeli,,,,,"Dedov & Subai, 2012", 76026682,Hemicycla fuenterroquensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,fuenterroquensis,,,,,"Castro, Yanes, M.R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2012", 76027265,Laciniaria exalta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Laciniaria,exalta,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1878)",Laciniaria pseudostabilis (Westerlund 1901) is a synonym of L. exalta (see Nordsieck 2008). 76027823,Limax sarnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,sarnensis,,,,,"Heim & Nitz, 2009", 76028101,Limax strobeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,strobeli,,,,,"Pini, 1876","Limax strobeli in nor reported by Manganelli et al. (1995), neither by Welter-Schultes (2012), but Bank (2013) includes it in his check list. The species needs a taxonomical revision to assess its validity. Pini (1876) introduced many names for Limax but it is unclear why Bank (2013) considered valid only L. strobeli. Recently the reproductive behavior of specimens named ""Limax strobeli"" from Bergell (Switzerland, 100 km NE from the locus typicus), has been depicted and described by a group of researchers (Falkenr et al. http://www.schnegel.at/download/pdf/praesentation_badenweiler.pdf) and used it as a taxonomical feature to validate the species." 76028448,Lindbergia garganoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,garganoensis,,,,," E. Gittenberger & Eikenboom, 2006","The species is cliassified in the genus Lindbergia exclusively upon shell features, namely the peculiar microsculpture of the teleoconch and the overall shell shape. The anatomy is unknown. The genus Lindbergia is in need of an overall revision (Gittenberger and Eikenboom 2006)." 76028901,Macedonica teodorae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macedonica,teodorae,,,,,"Irikov, 2006", 76031129,Medora adensameri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Medora,adensameri,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 2009", 76032731,Metafruticicola crassicosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,crassicosta,,,,,"Bank, E. Gittenberger & Neubert, 2013", 76032926,Metafruticicola pieperi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Metafruticicola,pieperi,,,,,"Bank, E. Gittenberger & Neubert, 2013", 76033181,Montenegrina chiasma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,chiasma,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1972", 76102861,Montenegrina drimmeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,drimmeri,,,,,"Fehér & Szekeres, 2006", 76107492,Montenegrina minuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,minuscula,,,,,"Eröss & Szekeres, 2006", 76108446,Napaeus alucensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,alucensis,,,,,"Santana & Yanes, 2011", 76109592,Napaeus doloresae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,doloresae,,,,,"Santana, 2013", 76109763,Napaeus estherae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,estherae,,,,,"Artiles, 2013", 76109839,Napaeus gomerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,gomerensis,,,,,"G.A. Holyoak & D.T. Holyoak, 2011", 76109927,Napaeus grohi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,grohi,,,,,"Alonso, Ibáñez & Santana, 2011", 76110079,Napaeus josei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,josei,,,,,"Santana, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2011", 76110145,Napaeus magnus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,magnus,,,,,"Yanes, Deniz, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2013", 76110472,Napaeus moroi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,moroi,,,,,"Martín, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2011", 76110578,Napaeus torilensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,torilensis,,,,,"Artiles & Deniz, 2011", 76110618,Napaeus validoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,validoi,,,,,"Ibáñez, Alonso & Martín, 2011", 76110714,Napaeus venegueraensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,venegueraensis,,,,,"Artiles, Santana & Deniz, 2011", 72327016,Orculella aragonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orculella,aragonica,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1897)","The Spanish subpopulations of Orculella bulgarica have been assigned by Arrébola et al. (2012) to a separate species O. aragonica Westerlund, 1897, closely allied to O. bulgarica. This separation was based on anatomical (mostly by the particular structure of the penial caecum) and molecular differences, although they are sibling species in shell morphology. Only one subpopulation from Turkey was included in this study. The incorporation of more samples of O. bulgarica from different localities, and particularly DNA sequences of O. bulgarica lamellata, could give more information about the singularities of the Spanish subpopulations.

F. Welter-Schultes argues in AnimalBase (http://www.animalbase.org/ accessed 17.03.2016) that the name Orcula dolium f. aragonica Westerlund, 1897 used by Arrébola et al. (2012) could be unavailable without providing evidence that the name had been used for a species or subspecies before 1985 (Art. 45.6.4.1)." 76111515,Tandonia bolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,bolensis,,,,,"De Mattia & Nardi, 2014","

Tandonia bolensis sp. n. is easily distinguishable from other Tandonia species by the dummy-like penial-atrial papilla, and the partially spiral-convoluted, thorny spermatophore. Tandonia bolensis sp.n. is unlikely to be abnormal or mutant by virtue of its peculiar anatomy which shows not a single, but many different peculiar traits (De Mattia and Nardi 2014).

" 76113976,Assiminea ostiorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,ostiorum,,,,,"(Bavay, 1920)", 170710,Deroceras vascoanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,vascoanum,,,,,"de Winter, 1986", 76117539,Helix straminea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,straminea,,,,,"Briganti, 1825","Helix straminea was relegated to a synonym of Helix lucorum Linnaeus, 1758 by Bank (2013), however, due to recent genetic research it is here considered as a species in its own rights (Korábek et al. 2014).

However, there is a taxonomic uncertainty, because there are nominal species of Helix from the Balkans which might turn out to be synonyms of this taxon. Korábek et al. (2014) list for example Helix valdika as a potential younger synonym (listed as a separate species by Neubert (2014)), but postpone a definite decision. If their opinion is correct, this species displays a trans-Adriatic distribution pattern.

Due to this unresolved situation, only the Italian populations of Helix straminea are here assessed." 46534481,Liphistius kanthan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LIPHISTIIDAE,Liphistius,kanthan,,,,,"Platnick in Platnick, Schwendinger & Steiner, 1997", 76129018,Retinella hierroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,hierroensis,,,,,"Alonso & Ibáñez, 2013", 76129983,Sardopoiretia emanueli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OLEACINIDAE,Sardopoiretia,emanueli,,,,,"Bodon, Nardi, Braccia & Cianfanelli, 2010","The shell of Sardopoiretia is similar to that of genus Poiretia but of smaller dimensions, spindle-like with weak radial ribbing on first whorls. Genitalia show a long duct of the bursa copulatrix, a short epiphallus and a long penis without the diverticulum. Sardopoiretia is clearly distinguishable from the closely related Poiretia by virtue of its genital morphology." 76131653,Tandonia sapkarevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,sapkarevi,,,,,"Stanković, 2005","

Tandonia sapkarevi was described from a single locality – the City of Ohrid, FYR Macedonia. The description of the species is unconvincing and the schemes are unclear. According to Stankovich (2005) the main differences between T. sapkarevi and T. albanica are:

  1. accessory glands – according to description: T. sapkarevi n. sp. differs from other species of genus by compact non-transperent accessory glands that as a ring cover the ductus bursa copulatoris and oviducts.“, but they are not visible in Fig. I (mentioned: „destroyed accessory gland“), and visible in Fig. II, but both figures are with low quality, and Fig. II could be interpreted as bad scheme of T. albanica (compare Wiktor 1987, p. 223, Fig. 97).

  2. spermatophore – according to description: „spermatophor in a form of stick with fringed hooks on the proximate curved part ...“, and „spermatophor of the last one species (n.b. T. sapkarevi) is in a shape of a walking stick with fringed hooks on the proximal part. T. albanica has a spermatophore like a cigarette with four horns....“, but in Fig. I.6. the shape of a „walking stick“ is not visible.

" 76131964,Tsoukatosia subaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,subaii,,,,,"Hunyadi & Szekeres, 2009", 76137325,Vitrea erjaveci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,erjaveci,,,,,"(Brusina, 1870)", 76137661,Vitrea szekeresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,szekeresi,,,,,"Deli & Subai, 2011", 76138200,Vitrea ulrichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,ulrichi,,,,,"Georgiev & Dedov, 2014", 76138524,Vitrea vereae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,vereae,,,,,"Irikov, Georgiev & Riedel, 2004", 4089,Cecilioides connollyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,connollyi,,,,,"Tomlin, 1943", 6739,Atlantica engonata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,engonata,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 16010,Papilloderma altonagai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PAPILLODERMATIDAE,Papilloderma,altonagai,,,,,"Wiktor, Martin & Castillejo, 1990", 23032,Vitrea inae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,inae,,,,,"de Winter & Ripken, 1991", 23214,Zonitoides jaccetanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Zonitoides,jaccetanicus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1870)", 170603,Ovatella vulcani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Ovatella,vulcani,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","Based on the anatomy of the Azorean Ovatella, all records of Ovatella from the Azores are O. vulcani. Hence all former reports of O. aequalis from the Azores must be treated as O. vulcani (A.M. de Frias Martins pers. comm. 2017)." 170605,Ovatella aequalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Ovatella,aequalis,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1832)", 170660,Deroceras ercinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,ercinae,,,,,"de Winter, 1985", 170678,Deroceras lombricoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,lombricoides,,,,,"(Morelet, 1845)","Deroceras hispaniensis Castillejo & Wiktor, 1983 described from Galicia in northern Spain is considered to be a synonym of this species." 170686,Deroceras nitidum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,nitidum,,,,,"(Morelet, 1845)", 6497,Deroceras tarracense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,tarracense,,,,,"van Regteren Altena, 1969", 170713,Furcopenis circularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Furcopenis,circularis,,,,,"Castillejo & Mascato, 1987", 170714,Furcopenis darioi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Furcopenis,darioi,,,,,"Castillejo & Wiktor, 1983", 170715,Furcopenis gallaeciensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Furcopenis,gallaeciensis,,,,,"Castillejo & Wiktor, 1983", 170716,Furcopenis geresiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Furcopenis,geresiensis,,,,,"(Rodríguez, Castillejo & Outeiro, 1989)", 76109247,Napaeus arinagaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,arinagaensis,,,,,"Artiles, Deniz & Martín, 2011", 76229259,Austrochaperina alexanderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,alexanderi,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76229641,Austrochaperina laurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,laurae,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76230264,Barygenys apodasta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,apodasta,,,,,"Kraus, 2013",This is a new concept split from the broader concept of Barygenys exsul (Kraus 2013). 76231648,Barygenys exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,exsul,,,,,"Zweifel, 1963","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, B. apodasta and B. resima (Kraus 2013)." 76232642,Barygenys resima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,resima,,,,,"Kraus, 2013",This is a split from the broader concept of Barygenys exsul (Kraus 2013). 76234419,Callulops biakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,biakensis,,,,,"Günther, Stelbrink & von Rintelen, 2012 ",This is a split from the broader concept of Callulops robustus (Günther et al. 2012). 76234694,Callulops eremnosphax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,eremnosphax,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009","This is a split from the broader concept of Callulops robustus, which it was previously confused with (Kraus and Allison 2009)." 76234930,Callulops robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,robustus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Callulops eremnosphax (Kraus and Allison 2009), C. microtis (Kraus 2012), C. valvifer (Günther 2013), C. biakensis and C. yapensis (Günther et al. 2012)." 76235278,Callulops microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,microtis,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)",This species has been resurrected from the synonymy of Callulops robustus by Kraus (2012). 76235359,Callulops valvifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,valvifer,,,,,"(Barbour, 1910)","This species has been resurrected from the synonymy of Callulops robustus by Günther (2013). Günther (2013) discussed the taxon, provided an extensive account, and placed it within Callulops." 76317548,Callulops fojaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,fojaensis,,,,,"Oliver, Richards & Tjaturadi, 2012", 76317575,Callulops mediodiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,mediodiscus,,,,,"Oliver, Richards & Tjaturadi, 2012", 76317583,Callulops omnistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,omnistriatus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317614,Callulops wondiwoiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,wondiwoiensis,,,,,"Günther, Stelbrink & von Rintelen, 2012", 76317623,Callulops yapenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,yapenensis,,,,,"Günther, Stelbrink & von Rintelen, 2012",This is a split from the broader concept of Callulops robustus (Günther et al. 2012). 76317546,Choerophryne amomani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,amomani,,,,,"Günther, 2008", 76317561,Choerophryne arndtorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,arndtorum,,,,,"Günther, 2008", 76317572,Choerophryne bryonopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,bryonopsis,,,,,"Kraus, 2013", 76317608,Choerophryne gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,gracilirostris,,,,,"Ianella, Richards & Oliver, 2014", 76317550,Choerophryne microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,microps,,,,,"Günther, 2008", 76317569,Choerophryne nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,nigrescens,,,,,"Günther, 2008", 76317555,Cophixalus albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,albolineatus,,,,,"Kraus, 2012", 76317573,Cophixalus amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,amabilis,,,,,"Kraus, 2012", 76317580,Cophixalus caverniphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,caverniphilus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317603,Cophixalus clapporum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,clapporum,,,,,"Kraus, 2012", 76317584,Cophixalus cupricarenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,cupricarenus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317549,Cophixalus desticans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,desticans,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317585,Cophixalus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,interruptus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317563,Cophixalus iovaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,iovaorum,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317595,Cophixalus kethuk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,kethuk,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317597,Cophixalus linnaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,linnaeus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317567,Cophixalus melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,melanops,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317552,Cophixalus monosyllabus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,monosyllabus,,,,,"Günther, 2010", 76317618,Cophixalus nexipus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,nexipus,,,,,"Kraus, 2012", 76317592,Cophixalus phaeobalius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,phaeobalius,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317586,Cophixalus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,pictus,,,,,"Kraus, 2012", 76317570,Cophixalus tenuidactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,tenuidactylus,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2012", 76317622,Cophixalus tomaiodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,tomaiodactylus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317578,Cophixalus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,viridis,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76317598,Cophixalus wempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,wempi,,,,,"Richards & Oliver, 2010", 76317554,Copiula annanoreenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,annanoreenae,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76317609,Copiula lennarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,lennarti,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76317547,Hylophorbus atrifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,atrifasciatus,,,,,"Kraus, 2013", 76317589,Hylophorbus proekes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,proekes,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317579,Hylophorbus sigridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,sigridae,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76317551,Sphenophryne magnitympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,magnitympanum,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2009)", 76317582,Mantophryne axanthogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Mantophryne,axanthogaster,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317538,Oninia senglaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oninia,senglaubi,,,,,"Günther, Stelbrink & von Rintelen, 2010", 76317604,Oreophryne albomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,albomaculata,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76317612,Oreophryne ampelos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,ampelos,,,,,"Kraus, 2011", 76317564,Oreophryne anamiatoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,anamiatoi,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317606,Oreophryne cameroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,cameroni,,,,,"Kraus, 2013", 76317574,Oreophryne curator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,curator,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76317613,Oreophryne ezra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,ezra,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2009", 76317588,Oreophryne gagneorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,gagneorum,,,,,"Kraus, 2013", 76317615,Oreophryne graminis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,graminis,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2012", 76317571,Oreophryne mertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,mertoni,,,,,"(Roux, 1910)", 76317545,Oreophryne oviprotector,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,oviprotector,,,,,"Günther, Richards, Bickford & Johnston, 2012", 76317594,Oreophryne parkopanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,parkopanorum,,,,,"Kraus, 2013", 76317593,Oreophryne streiffeleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,streiffeleri,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2012", 76317540,Paedophryne amauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paedophryne,amauensis,,,,,"Rittmeyer, Allison, Gründler, Thompson & Austin, 2012", 76317599,Paedophryne dekot,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paedophryne,dekot,,,,,"Kraus, 2011", 76317577,Paedophryne kathismaphlox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paedophryne,kathismaphlox,,,,,"Kraus, 2010", 76317587,Paedophryne oyatabu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paedophryne,oyatabu,,,,,"Kraus, 2010", 76317581,Paedophryne swiftorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paedophryne,swiftorum,,,,,"Rittmeyer, Allison, Gründler, Thompson & Austin, 2012", 76317602,Paedophryne verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paedophryne,verrucosa,,,,,"Kraus, 2011", 76317596,Xenorhina brachyrhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,brachyrhyncha,,,,,"Kraus, 2011", 76317541,Xenorhina tillacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,tillacki,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Dahl, 2014", 76317590,Amolops chayuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,chayuensis,,,,,"Sun, Luo, Sun & Zhang, 2013", 76317607,Cacosternum aggestum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,aggestum,,,,,"Channing, Schmitz, Burger & Kielgast, 2013", 76317543,Cacosternum australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,australis,,,,,"Channing, Schmitz, Burger & Kielgast, 2013","This species was confused with Cacosternum platys, but it is now known to occur only in the southern Cape region (Channing et al. 2013)." 76317557,Cacosternum nanogularum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,nanogularum,,,,,"Channing, Schmitz, Burger & Kielgast, 2013", 76317544,Cacosternum rhythmum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,rhythmum,,,,,"Channing, Schmitz, Burger & Kielgast, 2013", 76317542,Cacosternum thorini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,thorini,,,,,"Conradie, 2014", 76317566,Cardioglossa occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,occidentalis,,,,,"Blackburn, Kosuch, Schmitz, Burger, Wagner, Gonwouo, Hillers & Rödel, 2008",This species was previously confused with Cardioglossa leucomystax - the subpopulations from Guinea to Ghana previously assigned to the latter have now been assigned to this species (Blackburn et al. 2008). 76317568,Hyperolius chelaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,chelaensis,,,,,"Conradie, Branch, Measey & Tolley, 2012", 76317560,Hyperolius raymondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,raymondi,,,,,"Conradie, Branch & Tolley, 2013",This species has been split from Hyperolius cinereus by Conradie et al. (2013). 76317562,Hyperolius jackie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,jackie,,,,,"Dehling, 2012", 76317553,Phrynobatrachus njiomock,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,njiomock,,,,,"Zimkus & Gvoždík, 2013", 76317576,Phrynobatrachus rainerguentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,rainerguentheri,,,,,"Rödel, Onadeko, Barej & Sandberger, 2012", 76317610,Phrynobatrachus ruthbeateae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,ruthbeateae,,,,,"Rödel, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Janzen, Garrett, Browne, Gonwouo, Barej & Sandberger, 2012",There has been some taxonomic confusion between this species and Phrynobatrachus horsti due to morphological similarities (Rödel et al. 2015). 76317558,Ptychadena nilotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,nilotica,,,,,"(Seetzen, 1855)", 76317620,Pyxicephalus angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Pyxicephalus,angusticeps,,,,,"Parry, 1982","Removed from synonymy with Pyxicephalus edulis by Scott et al. (2013). Some subpopulations in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique previously thought to be P. edulis have now been assigned to this species." 76317616,Tomopterna gallmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,gallmanni,,,,,"Wasonga & Channing, 2013", 76317619,Tomopterna wambensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,wambensis,,,,,"Wasonga & Channing, 2013", 76317556,Xenopus poweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,poweri,,,,,"Hewitt, 1927","

This is a split from the broader concept of Xenopus petersii (Furman et al. 2015). Subpopulations previously thought to be a subspecies of Xenopus laevis (X. l. sudanensis -elevated to species level X. sudanensis) have also been assigned to this species due to subsequent synonymy (Furman et al. 2015).

" 76338143,Alsodes cantillanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,cantillanensis,,,,,"Charrier, Correa-Quezada, Castro & Méndez-Torres, 2015", 76338162,Telmatobufo ignotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CALYPTOCEPHALELLIDAE,Telmatobufo,ignotus,,,,,"Cuevas, 2010","There are tadpoles further north that could be Telmatobufo bullocki or Telmatobufo ignotus (C. Castro, F. Rabanal, J.C. Ortiz, A. Charrier pers. comm. July 2015). These samples are not included in this assessment until such time as their identities can be verified." 197189,Chrysopelea taprobanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chrysopelea,taprobanica,,,,,"Smith, 1943","This species was treated as a colour variant of Chrysopeles ornata prior to its description in 1943. While Somaweera et al. (2015) found no new Indian records among 13 examples of historical Chrysopelea ornata specimens from this country, the species has recently been confirmed from India. It is possible that additional historical specimens of ""C. ornata"" exist in collections to which these authors did not have access, and that these may include specimens referable to C. taprobanica (Somaweera et al. 2015)." 15294,Omphalotropis suteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,suteri,,,,,"E.R. Sykes, 1900","The name was changed to Omphalotropis (Telmosena) suteri (Sykes, 1900) (see Iredale 1944) but often in field work it has been described as Telmosena suteri (Sykes, 1900). The name Omphalotropis (Telmosena) suteri (Sykes, 1900) was reconfirmed in B.J. Smith's comprehensive review of Australian land snails of 1992 (R.V.J. Varman pers. comm. 2015)." 76435059,Myotis nyctor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,nyctor,,,,,"LaVal & Schwartz, 1974","Larsen et al. (2012) indicate that the historically recognized subspecies Myotis martiniquensis nyctor is genetically and morphologically distinct from M. martiniquensis, warranting recognition of a third Caribbean endemic, Myotis nyctor. Additional voucher specimens with genetic data are needed to test for a close genetic relationship between Myotis from Barbados and Grenada. If deemed conspecific, then the distribution of M. nyctor would include Grenada; however, the morphological distinctness of the Grenada population likely would warrant subspecific recognition (Larsen et al. 2012).
" 158606,Elattoneura perisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,perisi,,,,,"(Compte Sart, 1964)", 76317559,Hyperolius adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,adspersus,,,,,"Peters, 1877",This is a restricted concept of Hyperolius adspersus following the split of the broader concept into this and H. dartevellei (Channing et al. 2013). 184270,Ceriagrion tricrenaticeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,tricrenaticeps,,,,,"Legrand, 1984", 87733802,Leptopelis uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,uluguruensis,,,,,"Barbour & Loveridge, 1928",Leptopelis grandiceps has been removed from synonymy with this species. 202165,Moxostoma erythrurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,erythrurum,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)", 202138,Luxilus cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Luxilus,cornutus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1817)", 202316,Notropis percobromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,percobromus,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 202318,Notropis photogenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,photogenis,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 202338,Opsopoeodus emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Opsopoeodus,emiliae,,,,,"Hay, 1881", 202621,Ichthyomyzon unicuspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Ichthyomyzon,unicuspis,,,,,"Hubbs & Trautman, 1937", 202624,Lethenteron appendix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lethenteron,appendix,,,,,"(DeKay, 1842)", 202114,Hybognathus placitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybognathus,placitus,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 76581895,Nyctimystes myolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,myolae,,,,,"Menzies, 2014", 77124965,Sphenophryne miniafia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,miniafia,,,,,"(Kraus, 2014)", 77145002,Poecilozonites bermudensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Poecilozonites,bermudensis,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1845)", 77149902,Poecilozonites circumfirmatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Poecilozonites,circumfirmatus,,,,,"(Redfield, 1853)", 58062,Anhydrophryne ngongoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Anhydrophryne,ngongoniensis,,,,,"(Bishop & Passmore, 1993)","This species was recently found to belong in the genus Anhydrophryne rather than Arthroleptella (Dawood and Stam 2006)." 58061,Arthroleptella lightfooti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Arthroleptella,lightfooti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 13318,Microbatrachella capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Microbatrachella,capensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)",A question hangs over the taxonomic significance of disjunct populations of this species (A. Channing pers. comm.). 58058,Arthroleptella drewesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Arthroleptella,drewesii,,,,,"Channing, Hendricks & Dawood, 1994", 54623,Poyntonophrynus damaranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,damaranus,,,,,"(Mertens, 1954)","The validity of this species is in question. It has variously been considered as a subspecies of both Poyntonophrynus dombensis and P. fenoulheti, and Channing (pers. comm.) considers that it might be a synonym of P. hoeschi. Tandy (pers. comm.) considers that it is probably a synonym of P. dombensis." 58060,Arthroleptella landdrosia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Arthroleptella,landdrosia,,,,,"Dawood & Channing, 2000",The taxonomy of A. landdrosia is under revision and is presently best considered complex. The current assessment will be an evaluation of the entire complex. 54595,Sclerophrys buchneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,buchneri,,,,,"(Peters, 1882)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016).

Tandy and Keith (1972) tentatively assigned this species to the synonymy of Sclerophrys funereus. Tandy (pers. comm.) considers that it is almost certainly a synonym of S. funereus. Ruas (1996) considered it as a synonym of Sclerophrys funereus (as Amietophrynus). 56183,Hyperolius polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,polli,,,,,"Laurent, 1943", 54723,Sclerophrys pantherina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,pantherina,,,,,"(Smith, 1828)","Reports of this species occurring between Agulhas and Wilderness, the westernmost record of Sclerophrys pardalis (Minter et al. 2004) remain unconfirmed.

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 56185,Hyperolius protchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,protchei,,,,,"Rochebrune, 1885","This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. It is not mentioned by Schiøtz (1999) neither by Channing (2001)." 54368,Arthroleptis carquejai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,carquejai,,,,,"Ferreira, 1906","Ceríaco et al. (2014) consider it as a valid species, and assign two specimens collected about 135 km north of the type locality to this species, on a morphological basis.

There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology. This species is known from a single specimen, and it is not yet known whether or not it is a valid species." 58076,Natalobatrachus bonebergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Natalobatrachus,bonebergi,,,,,"Hewitt & Methuen, 1912", 58509,Ptychadena mapacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,mapacha,,,,,"Channing, 1993", 56196,Hyperolius rhizophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,rhizophilus,,,,,"Rochebrune, 1885",There is considerable doubt as to whether or not this form represents a valid species (Schiøtz pers. comm.). It is not mentioned by Schiøtz (1999) neither by Channing (2001). 56078,Afrixalus spinifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,spinifrons,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","Afrixalus spinifrons is an endemic species complex comprising Afrixalus knysnae and two subspecies, Afrixalus spinifrons spinifrons confined to the central KwaZulu-Natal coast and A. s. intermedius from the KwaZulu-Natal midlands (sensu Pickersgill 1996). Subpopulations from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal previously assigned to Afrixalus knysnae were re-assigned to A. spinifrons (Pickersgill 1996). Tarrant (2012) showed that, according to molecular and morphological descriptions, Eastern Cape populations should be referred to A. s. intermedius instead of A. s. spinifrons as previously thought. Tarrant (2012) also suggested that the uMkomaas River is a possible boundary to A. s. spinifrons. The two subspecies are distinguishable on the basis of morphology, genetics and calls." 58775,Tomopterna damarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Tomopterna,damarensis,,,,,"Dawood & Channing, 2002", 55285,Hemisus wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,wittei,,,,,"Laurent, 1963", 56065,Afrixalus knysnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,knysnae,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1954)","This species is closely related to Afrixalus spinifrons (Cope 1862). Species boundaries in this complex are uncertain and taxonomic studies using calls, morphology and genetics are necessary." 58297,Hildebrandtia ornatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Hildebrandtia,ornatissima,,,,,"(Bocage, 1879)","It was removed from the synonymy of Hildebrandtia ornata by Perret (1976), although this was implicitly not accepted by Poynton and Haacke (1993), or Channing (2001).

The taxonomic status of this species, H. ornata and their relationship need urgent review; however as this species' type locality is Angola, it seems justified to recognise the majority of the Angolan records to belong to it (N. Baptista pers. comm. August 2016). The records from the Cunene region collected by Poynton and Haacke (1993) could probably correspond to H. ornata, although the authors suggested that the subpopulations approached this species morphologically (Marques and Ceríaco pers. comm.)." 55277,Hemisus barotseensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,barotseensis,,,,,"Channing & Broadley, 2002", 55280,Hemisus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMISOTIDAE,Hemisus,guttatus,,,,,"(Rapp, 1842)", 61860,Arthroleptella subvoce,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Arthroleptella,subvoce,,,,,"Turner, de Villiers, Dawood & Channing, 2004", 58153,Poyntonia paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Poyntonia,paludicola,,,,,"Channing & Boycott, 1989",There is some evidence that disjunct populations may contain cryptic species. 56218,Hyperolius vilhenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,vilhenai,,,,,"Laurent, 1964", 58146,Phrynobatrachus ukingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,ukingensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)","The taxonomic status of this species in relation to Phrynobatrachus mababiensis and P. parvulus is not clear (Poynton and Broadley 1985b).

In addition, molecular analysis recorded in Zimkus and Schick (2010) suggests that P. ungujae may be synonymous with P. ukingensis. However, only one specimen of P. ukingensis was included in the analysis. Synonymy seems highly unlikely on distributional grounds (Poyton pers. comm. June 2012). Future collections of P. ukingensis are required to resolve this issue.
" 174664,Arthroleptella rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Arthroleptella,rugosa,,,,,"Turner & Channing, 2008", 57713,Breviceps bagginsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,bagginsi,,,,,"Minter, 2003", 3069,Breviceps gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,gibbosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species, originally named Rana gibbosa, was the first African frog species to be entered into the Linnean system of nomenclature in 1758." 58142,Phrynobatrachus stewartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,stewartae,,,,,"Poynton & Broadley, 1985", 57721,Breviceps sylvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Breviceps,sylvestris,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1930","There are questions regarding the validity of two subspecies: Breviceps sylvestris sylvestris and B. s. taeniatus." 3441,Cacosternum capense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,capense,,,,,"Hewitt, 1925", 3176,Vandijkophrynus amatolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Vandijkophrynus,amatolicus,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)", 11700,Leptopelis xenodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,xenodactylus,,,,,"Poynton, 1963",The relationships between this and other species without toe discs requires a detailed taxonomic study using molecular and morphological methodologies. 56117,Hyperolius bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,bicolor,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","Probably a synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus insignis Bocage, 1867 (R. Laurent IN Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 208). Junior secondary homonym of Hyperolius bicolor (Gray, 1842) (= Litoria bicolor)." 9772,Heleophryne hewitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HELEOPHRYNIDAE,Heleophryne,hewitti,,,,,"Boycott, 1988",The taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision. 54654,Poyntonophrynus grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,grandisonae,,,,,"(Poynton & Haacke, 1993)", 56264,Leptopelis marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,marginatus,,,,,"(Bocage, 1895)","This species is only known from holotype, lost in fire. It is not mentioned in the review of African treefrogs by Schiøtz (1999), nor in the Field Guide to the Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa by Channing (2001). It was considered as a synonym of Leptopelis bocagei by Loveridge (1933), but Perret (1976) considered it to be a valid species." 23124,Xenopus gilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,gilli,,,,,"Rose & Hewitt, 1927",A deep genetic split characterises the disjunct distribution of this species. 9773,Heleophryne rosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HELEOPHRYNIDAE,Heleophryne,rosei,,,,,"Hewitt, 1925", 56140,Hyperolius gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,gularis,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","Known only from the type locality: Luanda. This species might be a synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. This species is not mentioned by Schiøtz (1999) neither by Channing (2001)." 58098,Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,brevipalmatus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1925)",The taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain. 56136,Hyperolius fuscigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,fuscigula,,,,,"Bocage, 1866","Known only from the type specimen, lost in the 1978 fire. This species is not mentioned by Schiøtz (1999) neither by Channing (2001) and is a nomen dubium according to Perret (1976). This name cannot be matched to any known species in the wild." 54371,Arthroleptis francei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,francei,,,,,"Loveridge, 1953", 56158,Hyperolius lucani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,lucani,,,,,"Rochebrune, 1885","Known only from the type locality (Cabinda, Angola). This species is not mentioned by Schiøtz (1999) neither by Channing (2001). This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius ocellatus, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild." 56159,Hyperolius maestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,maestus,,,,,"Rochebrune, 1885","This form might be a synonym of Hyperolius marmoratus, and cannot be matched to any known species in the wild. It is not mentioned by Schiøtz (1999) neither by Channing (2001)." 54389,Arthroleptis troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,troglodytes,,,,,"Poynton, 1963","There are serious taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. In many cases, the available names can be referred only to museum specimens, not to animals in the field. This is because the identification of these species frequently depends more on their vocalizations than their morphology." 10644,Hyperolius pickersgilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,pickersgilli,,,,,"Raw, 1982", 58768,Amietia hymenopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,hymenopus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)","Until 2008, the Maluti River Frog was referred to Amietia vertebralis and the Phofung River Frog to Strongylopus hymenopus; a recent revision of type specimens has clarified the confusion between the two species, showing that Amietia vertebralis is widespread in Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa, while Amietia hymenopus occurs within a more restricted range range in north-eastern Lesotho and the Drakensberg highlands (Channing 2015)." 77185986,Agalychnis terranova,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,terranova,,,,,"Rivera-Correa, Duarte-Cubides, Rueda-Almonacid & Daza-R., 2013", 77186357,Allobates amissibilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,amissibilis,,,,,"Kok, Hölting & Ernst, 2013", 77318429,Andinobates opisthomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,opisthomelas,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)",This is a restricted concept of A. opisthomelas following the split of the broader concept into this and A. cassidyhornae (Amézquita et al. 2013). 22606,Antillotyphlops monensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,monensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1926)", 178453,Typhlops capitulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,capitulatus,,,,,"Richmond, 1964", 178190,Tarentola americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,americana,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)",Two subspecies are currently recognized: Tarentola americana americana (Cuba) and T. a. warreni (Bahamas) 178199,Typhlops sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,sulcatus,,,,,"Cope, 1868",This is a species complex (B. Hedges pers. comm. 2015) 178255,Typhlops syntherus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,syntherus,,,,,"Thomas, 1965", 178404,Tropidophis pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,pardalis,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1840)", 178429,Tropidophis hendersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,hendersoni,,,,,"Hedges & Garrido, 2002", 178547,Antillotyphlops hypomethes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,hypomethes,,,,,"(Hedges & Thomas, 1991)", 178556,Typhlops jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 178705,Typhlops hectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,hectus,,,,,"Thomas, 1974", 190600,Uromacer oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Uromacer,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 77343283,Nidirana hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Nidirana,hainanensis,,,,,"(Fei, Ye & Jiang, 2007)", 168180,Plectostoma sciaphilum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Plectostoma,sciaphilum,,,,,"(van Benthem-Jutting, 1952)",Recent taxonomic work by Liew Thorseng has shown that this species is part of the genus Plectostoma.  76338195,Atelognathus salai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Atelognathus,salai,,,,,"Cei, 1984",Atelognathus jeinimenensis was synonymized under Atelognathus salai by Díaz-Páez et al. (2011). 77970289,Bombina variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BOMBINATORIDAE,Bombina,variegata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There is ongoing debate about the distinctiveness between this species and Bombina pachypus (e.g. Hofman et al. 2007, Speybroeck et al. 2010,  Fijarczyk et al. 2011). Bombina pachypus was synonymized with this species by Pabijan et al. (2013). We follow multiple European checklists (e.g. Speybroeck et al. 2010, Sillero et al. 2014, Speybroeck et al. 2020) and retain B. pachypus as a synonym of this species. Frost (2022) also treats B. pachypus as a synonym." 78163103,Espadarana audax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Espadarana,audax,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)",Espadarana fernandoi has been synonymized with E. audax (Cisneros-Heredia and Guayasamin 2014). 76755072,Eupsophus calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,calcaratus,,,,,"(Günther, 1881)","Zachaenus roseus is considered a junior synonym of Eupsophus calcaratus by Lavilla et al. (2010). 

The geographic limits between this species and E. roseus in Chile and Argentina are difficult to define because some specimens of E. roseus can be mistaken for E. calcaratus and vice versa, when considering some external features (Correa-Quezada et al. 2017). Subpopulations from around Villarrica, Chile originally identified as this species belong to E. roseus (Correa-Quezada et al. 2017)." 78313956,Modicogryllus pseudocyprius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Modicogryllus,pseudocyprius,,,,,"Gorochov, 1996", 78314214,Platycleis kibris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Platycleis,kibris,,,,,"Ünal, 2012", 6859,Dryomys laniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Dryomys,laniger,,,,,"Felten & Storch, 1968", 278,Aconaemys fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Aconaemys,fuscus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1842)", 279,Aconaemys sagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Aconaemys,sagei,,,,,"Pearson, 1984", 5796,Ctenomys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,australis,,,,,"Rusconi, 1934","This species is monotypic (Bidau 2015)." 89497686,Dasyprocta punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,punctata,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 11149,Lagidium wolffsohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CHINCHILLIDAE,Lagidium,wolffsohni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1907)", 11170,Lagostomus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CHINCHILLIDAE,Lagostomus,maximus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1817)", 15088,Octodon degus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Octodon,degus,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 15089,Octodon lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Octodon,lunatus,,,,,"Osgood, 1943", 15090,Octodon pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Octodon,pacificus,,,,,"R. Hutterer, 1994",The species needs taxonomic revision (O. Lessa pers. comm.) 15093,Octomys mimax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Octomys,mimax,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 20427,Spalacopus cyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Spalacopus,cyanus,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)",Synonym = S. tabanus. 22586,Tympanoctomys barrerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Tympanoctomys,barrerae,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1941)",Generic synonym Octomys. 136452,Lagostomus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CHINCHILLIDAE,Lagostomus,crassus,,,,,"Thomas, 1910", 136557,Tympanoctomys aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Tympanoctomys,aureus,,,,,"Mares, Braun, Barquez & Diaz, 2000", 136714,Tympanoctomys loschalchalerosorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Tympanoctomys,loschalchalerosorum,,,,,"Mares, Braun, Barquez & Diaz, 2000",Known as Tympanoctomys loschalchalerosorum (Dunnum 2015). 47778330,Rhipidomys ipukensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,ipukensis,,,,,"Rocha, Costa & Costa, 2011",This is a monotypic species (Tribe 2015). 47967714,Grammomys brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,brevirostris,,,,,"Kryštufek, 2008","This species is part of the Grammomys genus, however much of its taxonomic relationships to species within this genus remains unknown (Kryštufek 2008). Grammomys brevirostris is thought to be broadly sympatric with G. ibeanus (Kryštufek 2008). The genus Grammomys contains several rare and little known species, many of which are only known from one or two populations (Kryštufek 2008)." 48011421,Otomys helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,helleri,,,,,"Frick, 1914","The taxonomy and phylogeny of Ethiopian Otomys species remains largely unresolved and additional research is necessary, however recent research supports the elevation of O. helleri to species (Taylor et al. 2011). Populations of O. helleri are described as morphometrically distinct from other Ethiopian populations (Taylor et al. 2011), but the species is thought to overlap ecologically with O. thomasi and O. fortior (Taylor et al. 2011)." 48016232,Otomys thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,thomasi,,,,,"Osgood, 1910","Originally described as Otomys typus, the taxonomy of this species is tenuous and requires further analysis (Taylor et al. 2011). Although placed in synonymy with O. orestes by Carleton and Byrne (2006), Taylor et al. (2011) considers O. thomasi provisionally to be a distinct species, based on the geographical barrier of the eastern Rift Valley, and morphological differences, such as observed size and colour." 48018096,Otomys yaldeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,yaldeni,,,,,"Taylor, Lavrenchenko, Carleton, Verheyen, Bennett, Oosthuizen & Maree, 2011","Previously described as Otomys typus, this species is the smallest representative from of the O. typus complex (Taylor et al. 2011) with a relatively short tail (Bryja et al. 2019). Although similar to O. simiensis, Yalden’s Vlei Rat can be distinguished by its smaller external and craniodental size (Taylor et al. 2011). Although, its phylogenetic position remains unresolved (Bryja et al. 2019), it is believed that the split between O. yaldeni and O. simiensis resulted from the division of the Ethiopian Plateau by the Great Ethiopian Rift Valley (Lavrenchenko and Bekele 2017). " 48267978,Cryptotis venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,venezuelensis,,,,,"Quiroga-Carmona, 2013", 189829,Chilomycterus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Chilomycterus,spinosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 78504623,Rulyrana saxiscandens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Rulyrana,saxiscandens,,,,,"(Duellman & Schulte, 1993)","Rulyrana saxiscandens, Cochranella croceopodes and Rulyrana tangarana are considered to be synonymous based on available morphological, bioacoustic, and phylogenetic evidence (Twomey et al. 2014). Under the Principle of the First Reviser of the ICZN (article 24.2.2) precedence is given to saxiscandens, rendering R. tangarana and C. croceopodes junior synonyms of R. saxiscandens." 78586482,Liolaemus nigrocoeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,nigrocoeruleus,,,,,"Marambio-Alfaro & Troncoso-Palacios, 2014", 78591749,Clitaetra clathrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Clitaetra,clathrata,,,,,"Simon, 1907", 78592035,Clitaetra episinoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Clitaetra,episinoides,,,,,"Simon, 1889", 78592090,Clitaetra irenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Clitaetra,irenae,,,,,"Kuntner, 2006","known from both sexes, illustrated." 78592236,Clitaetra perroti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Clitaetra,perroti,,,,,"Simon, 1894",The taxonomy of the species needs to be verified. 78592284,Clitaetra simoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Clitaetra,simoni,,,,,"Benoit, 1962", 78592365,Clitaetra thisbe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Clitaetra,thisbe,,,,,"Simon, 1903", 78680737,Candovia aberrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,aberrata,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907)", 78681507,Candovia annulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,annulata,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907)", 78682607,Candovia coenosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,coenosa,,,,,"(Gray, 1833)", 78682836,Candovia granulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,granulosa,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907)", 78682937,Candovia pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,pallida,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 78683075,Candovia peridromes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,peridromes,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 78683327,Candovia robinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,robinsoni,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 78683798,Candovia spurcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,spurcata,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907)", 78683860,Candovia strumosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Candovia,strumosa,,,,,"(Redtenbacher, 1908)", 194971,Cynoponticus ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENESOCIDAE,Cynoponticus,ferox,,,,,"Costa, 1846", 78680813,Austrosipyloidea carterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Austrosipyloidea,carterus,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 78735202,Cornicandovia australica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Cornicandovia,australica,,,,,"(Redtenbacher, 1908)", 78735217,Malandella queenslandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Malandella,queenslandica,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 78735445,Mesaner sarpedon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Mesaner,sarpedon,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 78735581,Rhamphosipyloidea palumensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Rhamphosipyloidea,palumensis,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2007", 78735679,Rhamphosipyloidea queenslandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Rhamphosipyloidea,queenslandica,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 78738526,Scionecra milledgei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Scionecra,milledgei,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2007", 78740145,Scionecra queenslandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Scionecra,queenslandica,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 78740846,Sipyloidea bella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,bella,,,,,"(Tepper, 1905)", 78741639,Sipyloidea brevicerci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,brevicerci,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2007", 78741742,Sipyloidea caeca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,caeca,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 78741877,Sipyloidea garradungensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,garradungensis,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2007", 78741888,Sipyloidea gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,gracilipes,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 78742130,Sipyloidea larryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,larryi,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2007", 78743495,Sipyloidea lewisensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,lewisensis,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2007", 78743508,Sipyloidea nelida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,nelida,,,,,"John, Rentz & Contreras, 1987", 78743526,Sipyloidea rentzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,rentzi,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 78743533,Sipyloidea similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,similis,,,,,"John, Rentz & Contreras, 1987", 78743545,Sipyloidea whitei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Sipyloidea,whitei,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 78748407,Haliotis alfredensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,alfredensis,,,,,"Bartsch, 1915", 78749198,Haliotis asinina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,asinina,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 78763353,Haliotis australis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,australis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 78763607,Haliotis brazieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,brazieri,,,,,"Angas, 1869", 78763614,Haliotis clathrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,clathrata,,,,,"Reeve, 1846", 78763643,Haliotis coccoradiata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,coccoradiata,,,,,"Reeve, 1846", 78763727,Haliotis corrugata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,corrugata,,,,,"W. Wood, 1828", 78763977,Haliotis cyclobates,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,cyclobates,,,,,"Péron & Lesueur, 1816", 78764148,Haliotis dalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,dalli,,,,,"Henderson, 1915", 78764274,Haliotis dissona,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,dissona,,,,,"(Iredale, 1929)", 78764677,Haliotis drogini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,drogini,,,,,"Owen & Reitz, 2012", 78764711,Haliotis elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,elegans,,,,,"Koch in Philippi, 1844", 78764797,Haliotis fatui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,fatui,,,,,"Geiger, 1999", 78768961,Haliotis fulgens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,fulgens,,,,,"Philippi, 1845", 78768971,Haliotis geigeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,geigeri,,,,,"Owen, 2014", 78768980,Haliotis glabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,glabra,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 78769001,Haliotis iris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,iris,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 78769011,Haliotis jacnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,jacnensis,,,,,"Reeve, 1846","This species has two subspecies: Haliotis jacnensis jacnensis Reeve, 1846 and H. j. kershawi Owen, 2012." 78769674,Haliotis laevigata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,laevigata,,,,,"Donovan, 1808", 78769871,Haliotis mariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,mariae,,,,,"W. Wood, 1828", 78769875,Haliotis marmorata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,marmorata,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 78771080,Haliotis melculus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,melculus,,,,,"(Iredale, 1927)", 78771094,Haliotis midae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,midae,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 78771101,Haliotis mykonosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,mykonosensis,,,,,"Owen, Hanavan & Hall, 2001", 78771163,Haliotis ovina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,ovina,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 78771325,Haliotis parva,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,parva,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 78771329,Haliotis planata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,planata,,,,,"G. B. Sowerby II, 1882", 78771388,Haliotis pourtalesii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,pourtalesii,,,,,"Dall, 1881", 78771440,Haliotis pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,pulcherrima,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 78771516,Haliotis queketti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,queketti,,,,,"E. A. Smith, 1910", 78771528,Haliotis roei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,roei,,,,,"Gray, 1826", 78771575,Haliotis rubiginosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,rubiginosa,,,,,"Reeve, 1846", 78771579,Haliotis rubra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,rubra,,,,,"Leach, 1814","This species of abalone has two subspecies: Halitois rubra rubra Leach, 1814 (commonly known as Blacklip Abalone), and H. r. conicopora Peron, 1816 (commonly known as Brownlip Abalone)." 78771583,Haliotis rufescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,rufescens,,,,,"Swainson, 1822", 78771608,Haliotis rugosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,rugosa,,,,,"Lamarck, 1822", 78771632,Haliotis scalaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,scalaris,,,,,"(Leach, 1814)","This species of abalone has two subspecies: Halitois scalaris scalaris Leach, 1814 and Haliotis scalaris emmae Reeve, 1846. H. s. emmae has no synonyms recorded." 78771692,Haliotis semiplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,semiplicata,,,,,"Menke, 1843", 78771696,Haliotis sorenseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,sorenseni,,,,,"Bartsch, 1940", 78771700,Haliotis spadicea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,spadicea,,,,,"Donovan, 1808", 78771710,Haliotis squamosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,squamosa,,,,,"Gray, 1826", 78772043,Haliotis stomatiaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,stomatiaeformis,,,,,"Reeve, 1846", 78772221,Haliotis tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,tuberculata,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 78772250,Haliotis unilateralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,unilateralis,,,,,"Lamarck, 1822", 78772274,Haliotis varia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,varia,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 78772279,Haliotis virginea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,virginea,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 78772302,Haliotis walallensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,walallensis,,,,,"Stearns, 1899", 61743,Haliotis kamtschatkana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,kamtschatkana,,,,,"Jonas, 1845", 41880,Haliotis cracherodii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,cracherodii,,,,,"Leach, 1814", 78788071,Spinosipyloidea doddi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Spinosipyloidea,doddi,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2007", 78788172,Acanthoderus spinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Acanthoderus,spinosus,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 78788586,Pachymorpha simplicipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Pachymorpha,simplicipes,,,,,"Serville, 1838", 78788933,Pachymorpha spinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Pachymorpha,spinosa,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 78788993,Pachymorpha squalida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Pachymorpha,squalida,,,,,"(Gray, 1833)", 78789295,Austrocarausius mercurius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Austrocarausius,mercurius,,,,,"(Stål, 1877)", 78789315,Austrocarausius nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Austrocarausius,nigropunctatus,,,,,"(Kirby, 1896)", 78789410,Denhama aussa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Denhama,aussa,,,,,"Werner, 1912", 78789415,Denhama austrocarinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Denhama,austrocarinata,,,,,"(Otte & Brock, 2005)", 78789527,Denhama eutrachelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Denhama,eutrachelia,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 78790317,Denhama gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Denhama,gracilis,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 78790372,Denhama longiceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Denhama,longiceps,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907)", 78790529,Denhama striata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Denhama,striata,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 78790599,Hyrtacus caurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Hyrtacus,caurus,,,,,"(Tepper, 1905)", 78790726,Hyrtacus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Hyrtacus,tuberculatus,,,,,"Stål, 1875", 78790863,Acanthomima rhipheus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Acanthomima,rhipheus,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 78790996,Acrophylla enceladus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Acrophylla,enceladus,,,,,"Gray, 1835", 78791060,Acrophylla nubilosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Acrophylla,nubilosa,,,,,"Tepper, 1905", 78791205,Acrophylla thoon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Acrophylla,thoon,,,,,"(Stål, 1877)", 78791411,Acrophylla titan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Acrophylla,titan,,,,,"(Macleay, 1826)", 78791487,Acrophylla wuelfingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Acrophylla,wuelfingi,,,,,"(Redtenbacher, 1908)", 78796229,Anchiale austrotessulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Anchiale,austrotessulata,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 78796358,Anchiale briareus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Anchiale,briareus,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 78798243,Anchiale spinicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Anchiale,spinicollis,,,,,"(Gray, 1833)", 78798677,Anophelepis telesphorus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Anophelepis,telesphorus,,,,,"Westwood, 1859", 78798853,Arphax australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Arphax,australis,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1845)", 162709571,Bairdiella ronchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bairdiella,ronchus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)",Morphological and molecular evidence indicate that Bairdiella ronchus represents a species complex (Marceniuk et al. 2019). 46104928,Corvula sanctaeluciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Corvula,sanctaeluciae,,,,,"(Jordan, 1890)", 59119,Aneides vagrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aneides,vagrans,,,,,"Wake & Jackman, 1998",This species has been separated from Aneides ferreus (Jackman 1998). 78930537,Pulchrana siberu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,siberu,,,,,"(Dring, McCarthy & Whitten, 1990) ","

This is a restricted concept of Hylarana siberu following the split of the broader concept into this and Hylarana centropeninsularis (Chan et al. 2014) and is now known as Pulchrana siberu after a phylogenetic review by Oliver et al. (2015).

Records from mainland Sumatra are considered to belong to an undescribed species (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017), but are treated here as Pulchrana siberu pending the description of the new species.

" 78934311,Chalcorana chalconota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,chalconota,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Chalcorana parvaccola (as Hylarana parvaccola - Inger et al. 2009) and Chalcorana rufipes (as Hylarana rufipes - Inger et al. 2009).

This species was moved from the genus Hylarana to Chalcorana by Oliver et al. (2015)." 190468,Pterois volitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,volitans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 78965436,Hyloscirtus larinopygion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,larinopygion,,,,,"(Duellman, 1973)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Hyloscirtus criptico (Coloma et al. 2012) and Hyloscirtus antioquia (Rivera-Correa and Faivovich 2013)." 79001012,Arphax dolomedes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Arphax,dolomedes,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 79001136,Arphax michaelseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Arphax,michaelseni,,,,,"Werner, 1912", 79001178,Arphax signatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Arphax,signatus,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907", 79001226,Cigarrophasma tessellatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Cigarrophasma,tessellatum,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2001", 79002185,Ctenomorpha gargantua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Ctenomorpha,gargantua,,,,,"Hasenpusch & Brock, 2006", 79002758,Ctenomorpha marginipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Ctenomorpha,marginipennis,,,,,"Gray, 1833", 79003236,Echetlus peristhenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Echetlus,peristhenes,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 79003367,Eurycnema goliath,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Eurycnema,goliath,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 79003530,Eurycnema osiris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Eurycnema,osiris,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 79003644,Onchestus gorgus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Onchestus,gorgus,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 79004203,Onchestus rentzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Onchestus,rentzi,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2006", 79005210,Paractenomorpha baehri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Paractenomorpha,baehri,,,,,"Hennemann & Conle, 2004", 79005699,Paronchestus charon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Paronchestus,charon,,,,,"Redtenbacher, 1908", 79005749,Paronchestus cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Paronchestus,cornutus,,,,,"(Tepper, 1905)", 79006221,Paronchestus pasimachus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Paronchestus,pasimachus,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 1920,Aprasia aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,aurita,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 178543,Amapasaurus tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Amapasaurus,tetradactylus,,,,,"Cunha, 1970", 79075214,Hynobius boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,boulengeri,,,,,"(Thompson, 1912)","The Kyushu populations formerly assigned to this species have now been described as new species; Hynobius amakusaensis, Hynobius osumiensis and Hynobius shinichisatoi by Nishikawa and Matsui 2014. Hynobius hirosei, from Shikoku, was removed from the synonymy of this species by Nishikawa et al. 2007." 79076344,Leptobrachium abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,abbotti,,,,,"(Cochran, 1926)","This is a restricted concept of Leptobrachium abbotti following the split of the broader concept into this and L. kantonishikawai (Hamidy and Matsui 2010, 2014).

This species is believed to taxonomic complex, with only the sensu stricto species only known from eastern Kalimantan and possibly Sabah, but further taxonomic work needs to be carried out (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 79079411,Lissotriton boscai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lissotriton,boscai,,,,,"(Lataste, 1879)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Lissotriton maltzani (Sequiera et al. 2020, Speybroeck et al. 2020)." 55251,Mannophryne trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,trinitatis,,,,,"(Garman, 1888)",Manzanilla et al. (2007) named the subpopulations from the mainland of Venezuela as Mannophryne venezuelensis. 79096537,Meristogenys whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,whiteheadi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","This is a restricted concept of Meristogenys whiteheadi following the split of the broader concept into this, M. stenocephalus and M. stigmachilus (Shimada et al. 2011)." 79098776,Microhyla achatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,achatina,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Microhyla orientalis (Matsui et al. 2013). 79101232,Onychodactylus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,japonicus,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)",The distribution of this species has been significantly reduced following significant taxonomic revision (see Frost 2020 for a summary of changes). 79102536,Polypedates otilophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,otilophus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)",This is a restricted concept of Polypedates otilophus following the split of the broader concept into this and Polypedates pseudotilophus (Matsui et al. 2014). 196690,Cynoscion arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,arenarius,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1930","This species is sometimes confused with Cynoscion nothus.

Its taxonomic status as a species distinct from Cynoscion regalis has been questioned since it was described by Ginsburg (1930). In Florida, DNA analysis has shown that it can hybridize with C. nebulosus and C. regalis (Nemeth et al. 2006)." 79128143,Rana tagoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,tagoi,,,,,"Okada, 1928",Eto amd Matsui (2014) documented that this is a species complex which will be divided into multiple taxa. 79129022,Rhacophorus catamitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,catamitus,,,,,"Harvey, Pemberton & Smith, 2002",This is a restricted concept of Rhacophorus catamitus following the split of the broader concept into this and Rhacophorus bengkuluensis (Streicher et al. 2014). 79129515,Rhacophorus angulirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,angulirostris,,,,,"Ahl, 1927","This is a restricted concept of Rhacophorus angulirostris following the split of the broader concept into this and Rhacophorus pseudacutirostris (Dehling 2011)." 79130281,Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,serratopalpebrosa,,,,,"(Guibé, 1975)","This taxon is a complex currently under revision. Records of this species from Anjanaharibe and Tsaratanana (Raxworthy et al. 1998), Andringitra (Raxworthy and Nussbaum 1996), and Ambolokopatrika (Andreone et al. 2000) are highly likely to refer to other species, e.g. R. ornata, R. tany, R. vaventy and other undescribed species (Scherz et al. 2014). In the framework of ongoing revision of the Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (Scherz et al. 2014, 2015), all available specimens of this complex in European and Malagasy collections have been examined and found only a single specimen was found to correspond to the R. serratopalpebrosa holotype and it is thus considered to be restricted to Marojejy. For this reason, we exclude all uncertain records of this species (F. Glaw and M.D. Scherz pers. comm. November 2015). Records from further south in Madagascar might refer to Plethodontohyla coronata." 76755055,Alsodes nodosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,nodosus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","The type specimens of Alsodes laevis were re-examined by Cuevas (2013) and one was identified as this species leading to it be reassigned to this species, while the other specimen was identified as Telmatobius laevis." 59467,Salamandra salamandra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandra,salamandra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This account follows the suggested Salamandra monophyletic group distribution presented in Steinfartz et al. (2000). Old locality records for Turkey need to be reconfirmed, and are not included here." 153666,Euastacus clarkae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,clarkae,,,,,"Morgan, 1997","Morgan (1997) named the species ""in respect of Ellen Clark’s pioneering parastacid studies""." 79679702,Poecilimon warchalowskae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,warchalowskae,,,,,"Chobanov, Kaya & Çiplak, 2015", 79719247,Tepuihyla exophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,exophthalma,,,,,"(Smith & Noonan, 2001)",Tepuihyla phasmatus has been synonymized with this species (Jungfer et al. 2013). 79789864,Guibemantis bicalcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,bicalcaratus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)","The taxonomy of this species is unclear, and it is likely that is a complex of several undescribed species (F. Andreone and M. Vences pers. comm.). It has been confused with Guibemantis albolineatus, and Guibemantis methueni has recently been removed from the synonymy of this species (Vences et al. 2015). Its southernmost range is now attributed to Guibemantis annulatus and Guibemantis wattersoni. Clarification of the complex and its distribution is therefore required." 79800043,Dendrochirus tuamotuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Dendrochirus,tuamotuensis,,,,,"Motsunuma & Motomura, 2013", 79800053,Parascorpaena armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parascorpaena,armata,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1873)","Parascorpaena armata (Sauvage, 1873) was recently resurrected from synonymy with P. mossambica (Peters, 1855) (Motomura et al. 2011, H. Motomura unpublished data)." 79800103,Parascorpaena aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parascorpaena,aurita,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 79800116,Parascorpaena moultoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parascorpaena,moultoni,,,,,"(Whitley, 1961)","Parascorpaena moultoni has been regarded as a junior synonym of Parascorpaena mcadamsi, but is confirmed as a distinct species (Motomura et al. 2011)." 79800135,Pterois paucispinula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,paucispinula,,,,,"Matsunuma & Motomura, 2014","Pterois mombasae was recently split into two distinct species: P. mombasae, which occurs exclusively in the Indian Ocean, and P. paucispinula sp. nov., which occurs in the Pacific (Matsunuma and Motomura 2014)." 79800159,Scorpaena orgila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,orgila,,,,,"Eschmeyer & Allen, 1971", 79800168,Scorpaena onaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,onaria,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1900", 79800178,Scorpaenodes englerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,englerti,,,,,"Eschmeyer & Allen, 1971", 79800188,Sebastapistes pascuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Sebastapistes,pascuensis,,,,,"(Eschmeyer and Allen, 1971)","This species is valid as Scorpaena pascuensis Eschmeyer and Allen, 1971 in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer 2015), but was placed in the genus Sebastapistes in a taxonomic revision (Motomura 2014, in Japanese)." 79800214,Taenianotus triacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Taenianotus,triacanthus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1802", 79800251,Inegocia japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Inegocia,japonica,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 79800448,Acanthaluteres brownii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Acanthaluteres,brownii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 79800470,Acanthaluteres spilomelanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Acanthaluteres,spilomelanurus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 79800500,Acanthaluteres vittiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Acanthaluteres,vittiger,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1873)", 79800513,Cantherhines cerinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,cerinus,,,,,"Randall, 2011", 79800524,Eubalichthys bucephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Eubalichthys,bucephalus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1931)", 79800552,Eubalichthys cyanoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Eubalichthys,cyanoura,,,,,"Hutchins, 1987", 79800562,Eubalichthys gunnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Eubalichthys,gunnii,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 79800582,Eubalichthys quadrispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Eubalichthys,quadrispinis,,,,,"Hutchins, 1977", 79800594,Meuschenia australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,australis,,,,,"(Donovan, 1824)", 79800615,Meuschenia flavolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,flavolineata,,,,,"Hutchins, 1977", 79800624,Meuschenia freycineti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,freycineti,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 79800643,Meuschenia galii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,galii,,,,,"(Waite, 1905)", 79800670,Meuschenia scaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,scaber,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 79800687,Meuschenia trachylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,trachylepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 79800718,Meuschenia venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,venusta,,,,,"Hutchins, 1977", 79800785,Pseudomonacanthus tweediei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pseudomonacanthus,tweediei,,,,,"Fraser-Bruner, 1940",Several taxonomic problems remain with the Pseudomonacanthus genus (Matsuura 2015). 79800801,Rudarius ercodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Rudarius,ercodes,,,,,"Jordan & Fowler, 1902", 79800812,Thamnaconus analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,analis,,,,,"(Waite, 1904)", 79800854,Thamnaconus arenaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,arenaceus,,,,,"(Barnard, 1927)", 79800879,Thamnaconus degeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,degeni,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 79800922,Thamnaconus fajardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,fajardoi,,,,,"Smith, 1953", 79800964,Thamnaconus garretti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,garretti,,,,,"(Fowler, 1928)", 79800999,Thamnaconus paschalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,paschalis,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)", 79801034,Thamnaconus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 79801064,Brachaluteres fahaqa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Brachaluteres,fahaqa,,,,,"Clark & Gohar, 1953","Clark and Gohar (1953) described the Red Sea population as subspecies Brachaluteres baueri fahaqa and Hutchins and Swainston (1985) elevated it to a specific level, but still with taxonomic uncertainty due to the lack of specimens (Golani and Bogorodsky 2010)." 79801074,Brachaluteres ulvarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Brachaluteres,ulvarum,,,,,"Jordan & Fowler, 1902", 79801089,Cantherhines multilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,multilineatus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1918)",This species has previously been classified as Cantherhines but is now considered to belong in the genus Thamnaconus (Motomura et al. 2017). 79801109,Cantherhines rapanui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,rapanui,,,,,"(de Buen, 1963)", 79801139,Cantheschenia grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantheschenia,grandisquamis,,,,,"Hutchins, 1977", 79801152,Chaetodermis penicilligerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Chaetodermis,penicilligerus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 79801482,Colurodontis paxmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Colurodontis,paxmani,,,,,"Hutchins, 1977", 79802334,Eubalichthys mosaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Eubalichthys,mosaicus,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 79802677,Oxymonacanthus halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Oxymonacanthus,halli,,,,,"Marshall, 1952", 79802460,Nelusetta ayraud,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Nelusetta,ayraud,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",This species is also frequently referred to as 'Nelusetta ayraudi' in the literature (Miller and Stewart 2012). 79802705,Paraluteres arqat,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paraluteres,arqat,,,,,"Clark & Gohar, 1953", 79802886,Paramonacanthus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,frenatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 79802913,Paramonacanthus nematophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,nematophorus,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 79802989,Paramonacanthus otisensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,otisensis,,,,,"Whitley, 1931","This species is very similar to, and has even been known to hybridize with Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (Hutchins 1997)." 79803001,Paramonacanthus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,pusillus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)",This species has previously been referred to as Laputa cingalensis (Hutchins 2001). 79803027,Paramonacanthus tricuspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,tricuspis,,,,,"(Hollard, 1854)", 79803041,Pervagor randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,randalli,,,,,"Hutchins, 1986", 79803091,Pseudomonacanthus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pseudomonacanthus,elongatus,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1940",Several taxonomic problems remain with the Pseudomonacanthus genus (Matsuura 2015). 79803102,Pseudomonacanthus macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pseudomonacanthus,macrurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)",Several taxonomic problems remain with the Pseudomonacanthus genus (Matsuura 2015). 79803143,Pseudomonacanthus peroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pseudomonacanthus,peroni,,,,,"(Hollard, 1854)",Several taxonomic problems remain with the Pseudomonacanthus genus (Matsuura 2015). 79803162,Rudarius excelsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Rudarius,excelsus,,,,,"Hutchins, 1977", 79803203,Scobinichthys granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Scobinichthys,granulatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1790)", 79803225,Stephanolepis auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Stephanolepis,auratus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)",This species can be easily confused with Paramonacanthus pusillus (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004). 79803245,Stephanolepis cirrhifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Stephanolepis,cirrhifer,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 79803311,Thamnaconus hypargyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,hypargyreus,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 928,Alsodes barrioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,barrioi,,,,,"Veloso, Díaz, Iturra-C. & Penna, 1981", 929,Alsodes montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,montanus,,,,,"(Lataste in Philippi, 1902)", 932,Alsodes vanzolinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,vanzolinii,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1974)", 2295,Chaltenobatrachus grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Chaltenobatrachus,grandisonae,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)","This species was moved from Atelognathus to a new genus Chaltenobatrachus, a sister taxon, based on molecular evidence (Basso et al. 2011)." 3177,Rhinella atacamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,atacamensis,,,,,"(Cei, 1962)", 8375,Eupsophus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,insularis,,,,,"(Philippi, 1902)", 10832,Insuetophrynus acarpicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHINODERMATIDAE,Insuetophrynus,acarpicus,,,,,"Barrio, 1970", 19513,Rhinoderma darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHINODERMATIDAE,Rhinoderma,darwinii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1841", 19514,Rhinoderma rufum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHINODERMATIDAE,Rhinoderma,rufum,,,,,"(Philippi, 1902)", 21582,Telmatobius halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,halli,,,,,"Noble, 1938", 21583,Telmatobius pefauri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,pefauri,,,,,"Veloso & Trueb, 1976", 21585,Telmatobius zapahuirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,zapahuirensis,,,,,"Veloso, Sallaberry A., Navarro, Iturra-C., Valencia, Penna & Díaz, 1982", 21622,Telmatobufo australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CALYPTOCEPHALELLIDAE,Telmatobufo,australis,,,,,"Formas, 1972", 21623,Telmatobufo bullocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CALYPTOCEPHALELLIDAE,Telmatobufo,bullocki,,,,,"Schmidt, 1952","There are tadpoles further north that could be Telmatobufo bullocki or Telmatobufo ignotus (C. Castro, F. Rabanal, J.C. Ortiz, A. Charrier pers. comm. July 2015). These samples are not included in this assessment until such time as their identities can be verified." 21624,Telmatobufo venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CALYPTOCEPHALELLIDAE,Telmatobufo,venustus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1899)", 29417,Atelognathus ceii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Atelognathus,ceii,,,,,"Basso, 1998", 40785,Alsodes tumultuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,tumultuosus,,,,,"Veloso, Iturra-Constant & Galleguillos, 1979", 54577,Rhinella arunco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,arunco,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 54751,Rhinella rubropunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,rubropunctata,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)", 54790,Nannophryne variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nannophryne,variegata,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 141556924,Alsodes australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,australis,,,,,"Formas, Úbeda, Cuevas & Nuñez, 1997","This taxonomic identity of this species is an open question due to confusion between Alsodes australis, A. gargola and A. coppingeri. Using molecular and morphological data, Blotto et al. (2013) suggested that previous records of nominal A. australis from Argentina are referable to A. gargola as is a specimen from Futaleufú, Chile.

It has been suggested that this species could be a synonym of A. coppingeri or of A. gargola (Blotto et al. 2013), however, further taxonomic work is required to verify this (Frost 2018)." 56315,Alsodes hugoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,hugoi,,,,,"Cuevas & Formas, 2001","There may be an additional subpopulation of this species occurring 60 km south of the Pehuenche Valley, Cajón de Plaza in Chile (C. Correa pers. comm. December 2017). Mitochondrial sequences identify these individuals as belonging to both this species and Alsodes pehuenche, despite resembling this species (C. Correa and D. Vásquez unpubl. data). It may be a hybrid population, however further taxonomic work is required to confirm its identity (C. Correa pers. comm. December 2017). For the purposes of this assessment, these records are not included within this species' distribution map." 56316,Alsodes kaweshkari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,kaweshkari,,,,,"Formas, Cuevas, & Nuñez, 1998", 56319,Alsodes pehuenche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,pehuenche,,,,,"Cei, 1976","Its tadpole was briefly described as belonging to Telmatobius montanus (Cei and Roig 1965), but was later re-assigned as this species (Cei 1976).

There may be an additional subpopulation of this species occurring 60 km south of the Pehuenche Valley, Cajón de Plaza in Chile (C. Correa pers. comm. December 2017). Mitochondrial sequences identify these individuals as belonging to both this species and Alsodes hugoi, despite resembling this species (Correa et al. 2018). It may be a hybrid population, however further taxonomic work is required to confirm its identity (C. Correa pers. comm. December 2017). For the purposes of this assessment, it has not been included within this species' distribution map." 56320,Alsodes valdiviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,valdiviensis,,,,,"Formas, Cuevas & Brieva, 2002", 56321,Alsodes verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,verrucosus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1902)","It is possible that Argentinean subpopulations of Alsodes from the forests of Neuquén and Río Negro Provinces might belong to A. verrucosus, although until this can be verified these records have not been included in attempts to map its range." 56322,Alsodes vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,vittatus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1902)", 56330,Batrachyla antartandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Batrachyla,antartandica,,,,,"Barrio, 1967", 56332,Batrachyla leptopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Batrachyla,leptopus,,,,,"Bell, 1843", 56333,Batrachyla nibaldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Batrachyla,nibaldoi,,,,,"Formas, 1997", 56334,Batrachyla taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Batrachyla,taeniata,,,,,"(Girard, 1855)", 57077,Eupsophus emiliopugini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,emiliopugini,,,,,"Formas, 1989", 80611681,Eupsophus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,roseus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","Eupsophus contulmoensis, E. nahuelbutensis, E. queulensis and E. septentrionalis have been synonymized under this species by Correa-Quezada et al. (2017). 

The geographic limits between this species and E. calcaratus in Chile and Argentina are difficult to define because some specimens of E. roseus can be mistaken for E. calcaratus and vice versa, when considering some external features (Correa-Quezada et al. 2017). Subpopulations from around Villarrica, Chile (originally identified as E. calcaratus, but considered as a species-level lineage by Nuñez et al. 2011) belong to this species (Correa-Quezada et al. 2017)." 57080,Eupsophus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Eupsophus,vertebralis,,,,,"Grandison, 1961", 57104,Hylorina sylvatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Hylorina,sylvatica,,,,,"Bell, 1843", 57284,Pleurodema bufoninum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,bufoninum,,,,,"Bell, 1843", 57291,Pleurodema thaul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,thaul,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)","This form might be a complex of more than one species, and further taxonomic study is required." 57338,Telmatobius fronteriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,fronteriensis,,,,,"Benavides, Ortíz & Formas, 2002", 57354,Telmatobius philippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,philippii,,,,,"Cuevas and Formas, 2002", 135744,Telmatobius chusmisensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,chusmisensis,,,,,"Formas, Cuevas & Nuñez, 2006","Diagnosis of Telmatobius chusmisensis is based on external morphology and osteology of adults, external morphology of tadpoles, karyotype, chromosomal C-banded patterns and Ag-NOR (nucleolar organizer region) position (Formas et al. 2006)." 18435553,Alsodes norae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,norae,,,,,"Cuevas, 2008", 172431,Neolissochilus bovanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,bovanicus,,,,,"(Day, 1877)","This species was moved into Neolissochilus following Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). The species was described by Day (1877) from Bhavani river at the base of Nilgiri hills." 62082915,Karstama balicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SESARMIDAE,Karstama,balicum,,,,,"(Ng, 2002)",The species was identified by Ng (2002) after it was realized that the type series of crabs described as Karstama emdi (Ng and Whitten 1995) contained this additional species. The species was reassigned from Sesarmoides to Karstama by Davie and Ng (2007). 62101765,Karstama emdi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,SESARMIDAE,Karstama,emdi,,,,,"(Ng & Whitten, 1995)","The species was redefined by Ng (2002) when a second species, K. balicum, was recognized from within the original type material, and the species was reassigned from genus Sesarmoides to Karstama by Davie and Ng (2007)." 4288,Rucervus schomburgki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rucervus,schomburgki,,,,,"(Blyth, 1863)","Giles (1937) stressed the close taxonomic relationship of this deer with R. duvaucelii, within which it was placed by Haltenorth (1963: 58), Groves (1982; tentatively) and Corbet and Hill (1992). It was considered a full species by Pocock (1943), who even assigned it to its own monotypic genus Thaocervus, and by Lekagul and McNeely (1977), Groves and Grubb (1987) and Pitra et al. (2004). Most sources during 1945 to 2015 placed the species in the genus Cervus." 76317565,Ptychadena mascareniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,mascareniensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","This very widely distributed species is a complex of several species. A phylogeographic study by Vences et al. (2004) suggests that the populations of this species on the Seychelles and the Mascarene islands were introduced from Madagascar. However, the animals on Madagascar appear to have arrived on that island prior to its colonization by humans. Pickersgill (2007) treated Ptychadena hylaea as a separate species, but here we retain it within P. mascareniensis pending a more comprehensive resolution of this species complex. Records from Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya and Egypt were assigned to P. nilotica by Dehling and Sinsch (2013)." 190631,Senticolis triaspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Senticolis,triaspis,,,,,"(Cope, 1866)", 79936019,Leptobrachium hasseltii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,hasseltii,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838","This is a restricted concept of Leptobrachium hasseltii following the split of the broader concept into this, Leptobrachium lumadorum, Leptobrachium mangyanorum and Leptobrachium tagbanorum (Brown et al. 2010 ""2009"")." 80022750,Telmatobius laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,laevis,,,,,"Philippi, 1902","This species was revalidated by Cuevas (2013) in the context of taxonomic analyses of Alsodes nodosus. As a by-product of re-examining the two type specimens of Alsodes laevis [one icontype of Philippi (an Alsodes specimen), and the syntype FMNHC 9978 (a Telmatobius specimen)]. The icontype of Philippi was assigned as synonym of Alsodes nodosus (by their typical nuptial spiny patches on the chest), and specimen FMNHC 9978 was revalidated as Telmatobius laevis (see Cuevas 2013). 

Following further study by Correa (2017), this species is now considered as a species inquirenda pending additional studies to clarify the uncertainty surrounding the taxonomic status and origin of the one existing specimen." 170587,Striolata striolata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,MEGALOMASTOMATIDAE,Striolata,striolata,,,,,"(Porro, 1840)","Giusti (1971) separated this species from the Cochlostoma genus and placed into a new genus; Toffolettia. This separation was based on the largely different structure of the genital apparatus. In the opinion of Falkner et al. (2002), Striolata is an older available genus name and Fauna Europaea follows that concept.

Zallot et al. (2014) reviewed the Family Cochlostomatidae, and placed the species in Toffolettia (Giusti, 1971). However we retain the species in Striolata (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2015)." 11987,Limulus polyphemus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MEROSTOMATA,XIPHOSURA,LIMULIDAE,Limulus,polyphemus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 80161781,Adenomus kandianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Adenomus,kandianus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)",Adenomus dasi has been synonymized under this species by Meegaskumbura et al. (2015). 80168415,Ramulus stilpnoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Ramulus,stilpnoides,,,,,"(Kirby, 1888)", 80200033,Vasilissa walkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Vasilissa,walkeri,,,,,"Kirby, 1896", 80200678,Didymuria violescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Didymuria,violescens,,,,,"(Leach, 1814)", 80200892,Didymuria virginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Didymuria,virginea,,,,,"(Stål, 1875)", 80225877,Malandania pulchra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Malandania,pulchra,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 80225990,Micropodacanthus mouldsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Micropodacanthus,mouldsi,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 80226923,Micropodacanthus sztrakai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Micropodacanthus,sztrakai,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 80227113,Parapodacanthus hasenpuschorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Parapodacanthus,hasenpuschorum,,,,,"Brock, 2003", 80227289,Paratropidoderus spinosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Paratropidoderus,spinosus,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 80227348,Podacanthus keyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Podacanthus,keyi,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 80227414,Podacanthus typhon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Podacanthus,typhon,,,,,"Gray, 1833", 80227665,Podacanthus viridiroseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Podacanthus,viridiroseus,,,,,"Gray, 1835", 80227737,Podacanthus wilkinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Podacanthus,wilkinsoni,,,,,"Macleay, 1882", 80227932,Tropidoderus childrenii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Tropidoderus,childrenii,,,,,"(Gray, 1833)", 80228059,Tropidoderus gracilifemur,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Tropidoderus,gracilifemur,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 80228150,Tropidoderus michaelseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Tropidoderus,michaelseni,,,,,"Werner, 1912", 80228785,Tropidoderus prasina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Tropidoderus,prasina,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 80228848,Tropidoderus rhodomus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Tropidoderus,rhodomus,,,,,"McCoy, 1882", 80228941,Xeroderus kirbii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Xeroderus,kirbii,,,,,"Gray, 1835", 80229098,Nanophyllium pygmaeum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHYLLIIDAE,Nanophyllium,pygmaeum,,,,,"Redtenbacher, 1906", 80229214,Phyllium monteithi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHYLLIIDAE,Phyllium,monteithi,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2003", 18258202,Nerophis lumbriciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Nerophis,lumbriciformis,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1835)", 198763,Nerophis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Nerophis,maculatus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 198764,Nerophis ophidion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Nerophis,ophidion,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 80257250,Paramogoplistes ortini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Paramogoplistes,ortini,,,,,"Llucià-Pomares, 2015", 80257367,Ephippigerida rosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,rosae,,,,,"Barat & Correas, 2015", 80257403,Ephippigerida laserena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ephippigerida,laserena,,,,,"Barat & Correas, 2015", 80270930,Eriauchenius bourgini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,bourgini,,,,,"(Millot, 1948)", 80272413,Madagascarchaea gracilicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,gracilicollis,,,,,"(Millot, 1948)", 80272547,Madagascarchaea jeanneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,jeanneli,,,,,"(Millot, 1948)","Wood's (2008) definition of M. jeanneli has been split into several different species. The M. jeanneli syntypes include two females that cannot be confidently distinguished. However, the type locality of “La Mandraka” is an area about 40 kilometers east of Antananarivo, and Wood and Scharff (2018) propose that the female syntypes are conspecific to the males found in this area. The male and female specimens that were described and illustrated as M. jeanneli in Wood (2008) are considered as M. lotzi (Wood and Scharff 2018)." 80272581,Madagascarchaea legendrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,legendrei,,,,,"(Platnick, 1991)", 80272662,Eriauchenius pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,pauliani,,,,,"(Legendre, 1970)", 80272879,Eriauchenius ratsirarsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,ratsirarsoni,,,,,"(Lotz, 2003)", 80272986,Madagascarchaea tsingyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,tsingyensis,,,,,"(Lotz, 2003)", 80273112,Madagascarchaea vadoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,vadoni,,,,,"(Millot, 1948)", 80273269,Eriauchenius workmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,workmani,,,,,"O. P.-Cambridge, 1881","Originally named Eriauchenius workmanni by Pickard-Cambridge in 1881, but subsequently referred to as E. workmani (Wood and Scharff 2018)." 80274227,Nephilingis borbonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephilingis,borbonica,,,,,"(Vinson, 1863)", 80274336,Nephilingis cruentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephilingis,cruentata,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","Revised by Kuntner (2007), known from both sexes, illustrated." 80274377,Nephilingis dodo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephilingis,dodo,,,,,"(Kuntner & Agnarsson, 2011)", 80343633,Madagascarchaea ambre,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,ambre,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80343859,Madagascarchaea anabohazo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,anabohazo,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80343914,Madagascarchaea borimontsina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,borimontsina,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80343965,Madagascarchaea griswoldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,griswoldi,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80344024,Madagascarchaea halambohitra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,halambohitra,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)",'Halambohitra' means 'mountain spider' in Malagasy (Wood 2008). 80344210,Madagascarchaea lavatenda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,lavatenda,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80349352,Madagascarchaea namoroka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,namoroka,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80349546,Madagascarchaea spiceri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,spiceri,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80349653,Madagascarchaea voronakely,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,voronakely,,,,,"(Wood, 2008)", 80351033,Aphistogoniulus cowani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,cowani,,,,,"(Butler, 1882)", 80351121,Aphistogoniulus erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,erythrocephalus,,,,,"(Pocock, 1893)", 80351408,Aphistogoniulus corallipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,corallipes,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)", 80373280,Alluviobolus antanosy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Alluviobolus,antanosy,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80373309,Alluviobolus laticlavius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Alluviobolus,laticlavius,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80373484,Alluviobolus tsimelahy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Alluviobolus,tsimelahy,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80373703,Aphistogoniulus aridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,aridus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80373858,Aphistogoniulus diabolicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,diabolicus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80374001,Aphistogoniulus infernalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,infernalis,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80374454,Aphistogoniulus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,sanguineus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80374474,Aphistogoniulus vampyrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,vampyrus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80376149,Caprobolus andringitra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Caprobolus,andringitra,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80377468,Colossobolus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Colossobolus,aculeatus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80378428,Colossobolus giganteus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Colossobolus,giganteus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80378461,Colossobolus litoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Colossobolus,litoralis,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80378518,Colossobolus minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Colossobolus,minor,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80378565,Colossobolus oblongopedus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Colossobolus,oblongopedus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80378855,Colossobolus pseudoaculeatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Colossobolus,pseudoaculeatus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80378884,Colossobolus semicyclus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Colossobolus,semicyclus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80378943,Corallobolus cruentus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Corallobolus,cruentus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80379171,Flagellobolus pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Flagellobolus,pauliani,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580607,Granitobolus andohahelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Granitobolus,andohahelensis,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580633,Granitobolus endemicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Granitobolus,endemicus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580673,Madabolus maximus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Madabolus,maximus,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2008", 80580696,Ostinobolus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Ostinobolus,montanus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580708,Ostinobolus rufus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Ostinobolus,rufus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580737,Ostinobolus stellaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Ostinobolus,stellaris,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580748,Ostinobolus subterraneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Ostinobolus,subterraneus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580765,Pseudocentrobolus aureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Pseudocentrobolus,aureus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580776,Pseudocentrobolus vohibasiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Pseudocentrobolus,vohibasiensis,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580830,Riotintobolus anomalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Riotintobolus,anomalus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580913,Riotintobolus aridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Riotintobolus,aridus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580925,Riotintobolus mandenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Riotintobolus,mandenensis,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80580936,Riotintobolus minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Riotintobolus,minutus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80581019,Sanguinobolus maculosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Sanguinobolus,maculosus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80581091,Spiromimus albipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,albipes,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581108,Spiromimus dorsovittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,dorsovittatus,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1901)", 80581162,Spiromimus electricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,electricus,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581200,Spiromimus grallator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,grallator,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581232,Spiromimus laticoxalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,laticoxalis,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581249,Spiromimus litoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,litoralis,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581276,Spiromimus namoroka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,namoroka,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581293,Spiromimus scapularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,scapularis,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581376,Spiromimus simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,simplex,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581832,Spiromimus triaureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,triaureus,,,,,"Wesener & Enghoff, 2009", 80581855,Spiromimus univirgatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,univirgatus,,,,,"de Saussure & Zehntner, 1901", 80581882,Spiromimus voeltzkowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Spiromimus,voeltzkowi,,,,,"de Saussure & Zehntner, 1901", 80581996,Zehntnerobolus rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Zehntnerobolus,rubripes,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 80582424,Spirobolus sikorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Spirobolus,sikorae,,,,,"de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897", 80582455,Hylekobolus albicollaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,albicollaris,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582466,Hylekobolus analavelona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,analavelona,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582503,Hylekobolus andasibensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,andasibensis,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582521,Hylekobolus anjanaharibe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,anjanaharibe,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582549,Hylekobolus brachiosauroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,brachiosauroides,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582628,Hylekobolus goodmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,goodmani,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582646,Hylekobolus griseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,griseus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582657,Hylekobolus latifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,latifrons,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582706,Hylekobolus marojejy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,marojejy,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582728,Hylekobolus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,montanus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582739,Hylekobolus rufus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Hylekobolus,rufus,,,,,"Wesener, 2009", 80582770,Rhinocricus collaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Rhinocricus,collaris,,,,,"de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902", 80583010,Spirobolus olympiacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Spirobolus,olympiacus,,,,,"Karsch, 1881", 80583118,Aphistogoniulus rubrodorsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,rubrodorsalis,,,,,"Decker & Wesener, 2011", 80583652,Aphistogoniulus jeekeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,jeekeli,,,,,"Decker & Wesener, 2011", 80583917,Zehntnerobolus hoffmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Zehntnerobolus,hoffmani,,,,,"Wesener, 2011", 80582977,Spirobolus grandidieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,SPIROBOLELIIDAE,Spirobolus,grandidieri,,,,,"de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897", 80351231,Aphistogoniulus hova,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,hova,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 80671020,Bathyraja panthera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,panthera,,,,,"Orr, Stevenson, Hoff, Spies & McEachran, 2011", 39333,Heterodontus francisci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,francisci,,,,,"(Girard, 1855)","The literature suggests that this species may also occur off the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, but these records are unconfirmed and may have been misidentifications of another species." 44209,Apristurus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,brunneus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)","The genus Apristurus contains at least 32 described species and a relatively large number of potentially undescribed ones. Morphological conservatism and, until recently, a lack of objectively defined characters makes this one of the most taxonomically confused shark genera (Compagno 1984, Nakaya and Sato 1999).

Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species) and spongiceps-group (10 species). The brunneus-group is characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length <6% total length (TL), 0.36 to 0.94 times in interorbital); 13 to 22 valves in the spiral intestine; upper labial furrows obviously longer than the lower furrows; a discontinuous supraorbital sensory canal.

Compagno (1984) considered it likely that the specimens and records of A. brunneus from the western North Pacific represent an assemblage of two or more brunneus-like species." 44215,Apristurus kampae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,kampae,,,,,"Taylor, 1972","The genus Apristurus contains at least 32 described species and a relatively large number of potentially undescribed ones. Morphological conservatism and, until recently, a lack of objectively defined characters makes this one of the most taxonomically confused shark genera (Compagno 1984, Nakaya and Sato 1999).

Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species) and spongiceps-group (10 species). Apristurus kampae belongs to the spongiceps-group, characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length <6% total length (TL)); 7 to 12 valves in the spiral intestine; upper labial furrows subequal to, or shorter than the lower furrows; a continuous supraorbital sensory canal." 44226,Apristurus spongiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,spongiceps,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)","The genus Apristurus contains at least 32 described species and a relatively large number of potentially undescribed ones. Morphological conservatism and, until recently, a lack of objectively defined characters makes this one of the most taxonomically confused shark genera (Compagno 1984, Nakaya and Sato 1999).

Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species) and spongiceps-group (10 species). The spongiceps-group is characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length <6% TL, 0.36 to 0.94 times in interorbital); 7 to 12 valves in the spiral intestine; upper labial furrows subequal to, or shorter than the lower furrows; a continuous supraorbital sensory canal (Nakaya and Sato 1999). A. spongiceps is readily distinguished from its congeners by its unique pleated gills (Compagno 1984)." 60227,Cephaloscyllium ventriosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,ventriosum,,,,,"(Garman, 1880)", 60231,Parmaturus xaniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,xaniurus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 161334,Mustelus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,californicus,,,,,"Gill, 1864","Shark species within the genus Mustelus are very similar in both appearance and size, making proper identifications challenging. Five species of Mustelus are known to frequent the waters surrounding Baja California. One of these five species, M. albipinnis, was only recently described and has likely been misidentified in the past as other Mustelus spp. (Castro-Aguirre et al. 2005, Pérez-Jiménez et al. 2005). Mustelus albipinnis is distinguished from M. californicus by white margins present on its fins and a habitat preference for deeper waters (Castro-Aguirre et al. 2005, Pérez-Jiménez et al. 2005, Ebert et al. 2013). Another Baja California smooth-hound, M. lunulatus is considered to be the most similar to M. californicus due to similar colour patterns (grey dorsal colouration with a lighter ventral side). Mustelus lunulatus can be distinguished from M. californicus by its wider set eyes, longer snout and shorter upper labial furrows (Pérez-Jiménez et al. 2005, Ebert et al. 2013). Both species, however, have well developed lower caudals and molariform teeth (Ebert et al. 2013). Dentition can be used to distinguish M. californicus from both M. dorsalis and M. henlei which both have sharper high-cusped teeth (Starks 1917, Pérez-Jiménez et al. 2005, Ebert et al. 2013). Mustelus henlei can also be differentiated by the dorsal fins, which are frayed at the posterior margins and more anteriorly placed along the body than M. californicus (Starks 1917, Ebert 2003, Ebert et al. 2013)." 161648,Mustelus henlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,henlei,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)","The Brown Smooth-hound was originally described as Rhinotriacis henlei by Gill in 1863. This name was changed to Triakis henlei and then to the currently valid name Mustelus henlei (Gill 1863).

In the past, misidentification has lead to a lack of information about the basic biology of the Mustelus species in the Gulf of California. A recent taxonomic revision of this group in the Northern Gulf of California and off southwest peninsula of Baja California has identified a fourth smooth-hound species (Castro-Aguirre et al. 2005, Pérez-Jiménez et al. 2005)." 161640,Mustelus lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,lunulatus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882","This species may have been misidentified for other Mustelus spp. in the Gulf of California, including M. californicus. Records of this species from South America refer to another undescribed lunulatus-type Mustelus species. This lunulatus-type Mustelus occurs in the Eastern Pacific to Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands and has likely been recorded as M. lunulatus in South America in the past (see Compagno in prep. for discussion)." 39363,Triakis semifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Triakis,semifasciata,,,,,"Girard, 1855", 39396,Tetronarce californica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,californica,,,,,"(Ayres, 1855)", 60177,Zapteryx exasperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Zapteryx,exasperata,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)","There are possible taxonomic problems in tropical latitudes (possible confusion with Zapteryx xyster), which may severely limit the functional range of  Z. exasperata (Ebert 2003)." 60112,Platyrhinoidis triseriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,PLATYRHINIDAE,Platyrhinoidis,triseriata,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)", 2636,Bathyraja abyssicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,abyssicola,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1896)", 161661,Bathyraja aleutica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,aleutica,,,,,(Gilbert 1896), 161706,Bathyraja kincaidii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,kincaidii,,,,,"(Garman, 1908)","Bathyraja kincaidii is very similiar morphologically to Bathyraja interrupta and these have been considered to be the same species by some authors. However, Knuckey (2017) clarified that these species are distinct." 161430,Bathyraja lindbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,lindbergi,,,,,"Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977","This species was first described from the Bering Sea (57°47'N, 173°47'W) by Ishiyama and Ishihara (1977). Subsequent Russian authors have considered this species a junior synonym of Bathyraja matsubarai (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000, Dolganov and Tuponogov 1999, Mecklenburg et al. 2002). However, recent Russian literature (e.g. Grigorov and Orlov 2013), and other authors, have considered B. lindbergi to be a valid species (Compagno 1999, Compagno 2005). Information from Alaska appears to pertain only to B. lindbergi. Bathyraja lindbergi and B. matsubarai are very similar and further taxonomic study is required on both species." 161350,Bathyraja maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,maculata,,,,,"Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977", 161319,Bathyraja mariposa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,mariposa,,,,,"Stevenson, Orr, Hoff & McEachran, 2004", 161683,Bathyraja microtrachys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,microtrachys,,,,,"(Osburn & Nichols, 1916)","This skate been misidentified as the Roughtail Skate, Bathyraja trachura, but B. microtrachys is clearly a distinct species. Although adult males have not been observed for this species, egg cases have been collected and are distinct from those of other eastern North Pacific skates (D.A. Ebert unpubl. data)." 161381,Bathyraja minispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,minispinosa,,,,,"Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977", 161471,Bathyraja parmifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,parmifera,,,,,"(Bean, 1881)","In the Northeast Pacific this species has been misidentified on occasion with the starry skate, Raja stellulata, but these skates are distinctive from each other. Bathyraja parmifera is somewhat common in the Gulf of Alaska, but does not appear to occur south of this area, while R. stellulata does not appear to occur as far north as the Gulf of Alaska. B. parmifera and B. smirnovi have also been considered similar (Dolganov and Tuponogov 1999, Parin 2001) though this seems questionable (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000, H. Ishihara pers. obs.).

B. simoterus is a synonym of B. parmifera (H. Ishihara pers. comm. 2007)." 161486,Bathyraja spinosissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,spinosissima,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)", 161375,Bathyraja trachura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,trachura,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 161594,Bathyraja violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,violacea,,,,,"(Suvorov, 1935)",Some authors (Dolganov and Tuponogov 1999) suggest B. trachouros and B. violacea may be synonymous. 161452,Amblyraja badia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,badia,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 161466,Beringraja inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Beringraja,inornata,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)",This skate is often misidentified with other hardnose skates from the northeast and eastern central Pacific. 161595,Beringraja rhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Beringraja,rhina,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)", 161629,Beringraja stellulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Beringraja,stellulata,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)","First described by Jordan and Gilbert (1880). Gilbert (1915) described Raja montereyensis based on an adult male of this species. However, R. montereyensis was later determined to be a junior synonym of R. stellulata." 60108,Urobatis halleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urobatis,halleri,,,,,"(Cooper, 1863)","Urobatis concentricus, U. halleri, and U. maculatus have sometimes been considered colour variants of a single species, but molecular studies have shown that these are distinct species (Last et al. 2016)." 60152,Hypanus dipterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,dipterurus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)","The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae.

The nomenclature of this species is often confused, occasionally resulting in the listing of brevis and dipterurus as separate species. Both Jordan and Gilbert and Garman published descriptions of this species in the same year, 1880. However, Jordan and Gilbert published their account of specimens from San Diego in May 1880, while Garman published his description in October of that year. Garman (1913) subsequently overlooked these facts and inappropriately synonymized dipterurus with brevis. However, Jordan and Gilbert's description has precedence." 39416,Myliobatis californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,californicus,,,,,"Gill, 1865","Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 was a misspelling of this species." 60191,Hydrolagus colliei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,colliei,,,,,"(Lay & Bennett, 1839)","Fowler (1910) stated that Chimaera neglecta Ogilby, 1888 is probably a synonym of H. colliei, but it is more likely to be a synonym of H. novaezealandiae (Didier and Rosenberger 2002)." 44514,Centroscyllium nigrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Centroscyllium,nigrum,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 44205,Trigonognathus kabeyai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Trigonognathus,kabeyai,,,,,"Mochizuki & Ohe, 1990", 161402,Bathyraja interrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,interrupta,,,,,"(Gill & Townsend, 1897)","Bathyraja interrupta was first described by Gill and Townsend (1897) from a type specimen from the Bering Sea. It was initially placed into the genus Raia, which has undergone several revisions since. Dolganov (1983) and Compagno (1999) reallocated this species to the genus Rhinoraja. Eschmeyer (2016) considers the genus Rhinoraja valid, but lists this species within Bathyraja. Both scientific names are still in use." 161600,Bathyraja taranetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,taranetzi,,,,,"(Dolganov, 1983)","Compagno (1999, 2005) reallocated this species from Bathyraja to the genus Rhinoraja but the validity of this move remains unconfirmed. Both are currently in use, until a definitive systematic revision of these genera is conducted." 44183,Beringraja binoculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Beringraja,binoculata,,,,,"(Girard, 1855)","Ishihara et al. (2012) established the new genus Beringraja for the two species B. binoculata  (previously Raja binoculata Girard, 1855) and B. pulchra (previously Raja pulchra Liu 1932)." 80679593,Argia anceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,anceps,,,,,"Garrison, 1996", 10858,Ischnura gemina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,gemina,,,,,"(Kennedy, 1917)", 51272322,Progomphus alachuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,alachuensis,,,,,"Byers, 1939", 11929,Libellula jesseana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,jesseana,,,,,"Williamson, 1922", 51178605,Arigomphus submedianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Arigomphus,submedianus,,,,,"(Williamson, 1914)", 51272337,Progomphus borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,borealis,,,,,"McLachlan in Selys, 1873", 51357310,Enallagma pollutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,pollutum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 163607,Crocothemis servilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,servilia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)","This species was formerly considered as a subspecies of Crocothemis erythraea, but structural features (Lohmann 1981, Schneider 1985) support its full species rank." 50967446,Oplonaeschna armata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oplonaeschna,armata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 50969374,Didymops floridensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Didymops,floridensis,,,,,"Davis, 1921", 51280096,Planiplax sanguiniventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Planiplax,sanguiniventris,,,,,"(Calvert, 1907)", 51178670,Erpetogomphus compositus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,compositus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858", 51272396,Stylogomphus sigmastylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,sigmastylus,,,,,"Cook & Laudermilk, 2004", 51273365,Erythrodiplax minuscula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,minuscula,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 51178684,Erpetogomphus designatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,designatus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858", 51178694,Erpetogomphus eutainia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,eutainia,,,,,"Calvert, 1905", 51332343,Argia tezpi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tezpi,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 51178689,Erpetogomphus elaps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,elaps,,,,,"Selys, 1858", 51332350,Argia tonto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tonto,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 165091,Dythemis velox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dythemis,velox,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51361703,Ischnura prognata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,prognata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165094,Erpetogomphus crotalinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,crotalinus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 165095,Libellula croceipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,croceipennis,,,,,"Selys, 1868", 51332325,Argia munda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,munda,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 165097,Argia tarascana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tarascana,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 165098,Hesperagrion heterodoxum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Hesperagrion,heterodoxum,,,,,"(Selys, 1868)", 51332329,Argia nahuana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,nahuana,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 51332333,Argia oenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,oenea,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 51292358,Tauriphila azteca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tauriphila,azteca,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 51361552,Ischnura denticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,denticollis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 51273307,Erythrodiplax basifusca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,basifusca,,,,,"(Calvert, 1895)", 51357200,Enallagma pallidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,pallidum,,,,,"Root, 1923", 51361536,Ischnura demorsa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,demorsa,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51178524,Aphylla angustifolia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,angustifolia,,,,,"Garrison, 1986", 50970469,Epitheca costalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,costalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 50970730,Epitheca petechialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,petechialis,,,,,"(Muttkowski, 1911)", 165040,Leptobasis lucifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,lucifer,,,,,"(Donnelly, 1967)", 51178553,Arigomphus lentulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Arigomphus,lentulus,,,,,"(Needham, 1902)", 51178568,Arigomphus maxwelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Arigomphus,maxwelli,,,,,"(Ferguson, 1950)", 51292283,Sympetrum signiferum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,signiferum,,,,,"Cannings & Garrison, 1991", 51178585,Arigomphus pallidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Arigomphus,pallidus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 51356189,Enallagma daeckii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,daeckii,,,,,"(Calvert, 1903)", 164931,Enallagma doubledayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,doubledayi,,,,,"(Selys, 1850)", 164944,Orthemis ferruginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,ferruginea,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 51364127,Nehalennia integricollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nehalennia,integricollis,,,,,"Calvert, 1913", 164949,Brachymesia gravida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachymesia,gravida,,,,,"(Calvert, 1890)", 164951,Cordulegaster diadema,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,diadema,,,,,"Selys, 1868","This species is thought by most workers to include Cordulegaster godmani, usually considered a distinct subspecies." 164946,Macromia annulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,annulata,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 164947,Neurocordulia obsoleta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Neurocordulia,obsoleta,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 164958,Erythemis vesiculosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,vesiculosa,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 164957,Coryphaeschna adnexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,adnexa,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51280302,Pseudoleon superbus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pseudoleon,superbus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51332190,Argia bipunctulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,bipunctulata,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 164959,Celithemis bertha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,bertha,,,,,"Williamson, 1922", 50969065,Cordulegaster sarracenia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,sarracenia,,,,,"Abbott & Hibbitts, 2011", 164954,Brachymesia herbida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachymesia,herbida,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1889)", 51279102,Macrothemis inequiunguis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,inequiunguis,,,,,"Calvert, 1895", 50959519,Anax walsinghami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,walsinghami,,,,,"McLachlan, 1882", 164956,Aphylla protracta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,protracta,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1859)", 51302922,Apanisagrion lais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Apanisagrion,lais,,,,,"(Brauer in Selys, 1876)", 51332186,Argia barretti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,barretti,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 51178901,Gomphurus crassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,crassus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)",This species is presently in the genus Gomphurus. 51332132,Argia agrioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,agrioides,,,,,"Calvert, 1895", 50967175,Gomphaeschna antilope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gomphaeschna,antilope,,,,,"(Hagen, 1874)", 51356619,Enallagma durum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,durum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 164927,Enallagma davisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,davisi,,,,,"Westfall, 1943", 164926,Tramea calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,calverti,,,,,"Muttkowski, 1910", 164923,Telebasis digiticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,digiticollis,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 51361495,Ischnura barberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,barberi,,,,,"Currie, 1903", 51357608,Enallagma semicirculare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,semicirculare,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 51364161,Nehalennia minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nehalennia,minuta,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 63400,Phanogomphus westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,westfalli,,,,,"Carle & May, 1987",This species is now in the genus Phanogomphus. 51179504,Phyllogomphoides albrighti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,albrighti,,,,,"(Needham, 1950)", 165070,Ophiogomphus bison,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,bison,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 165071,Tachopteryx thoreyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Tachopteryx,thoreyi,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1856)", 63221,Enallagma pictum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,pictum,,,,,"Morse, 1895", 165066,Miathyria marcella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Miathyria,marcella,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 63222,Argia sabino,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,sabino,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 63223,Ophiogomphus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,australis,,,,,"Carle, 1992", 63224,Argia leonorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,leonorae,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 63225,Argia rhoadsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,rhoadsi,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 51332292,Argia immunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,immunda,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165060,Micrathyria dissocians,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,dissocians,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 165059,Ischnura ramburii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,ramburii,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1850)", 165086,Lestes spumarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,spumarius,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 165087,Dythemis fugax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dythemis,fugax,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51279217,Micrathyria hagenii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,hagenii,,,,,"Kirby, 1890", 165078,Neoneura amelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,amelia,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 165080,Rhionaeschna dugesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,dugesi,,,,,"(Calvert, 1905)", 51332305,Argia lacrimans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,lacrimans,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 165039,Perithemis domitia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,domitia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 165036,Phyllogomphoides stigmatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,stigmatus,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 165035,Neurocordulia virginiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Neurocordulia,virginiensis,,,,,"Davis, 1927", 165033,Argia alberta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,alberta,,,,,"Kennedy, 1918", 165032,Neurocordulia alabamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Neurocordulia,alabamensis,,,,,"Hodges in Needham & Westfall, 1955", 165028,Macrothemis inacuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,inacuta,,,,,"Calvert, 1898", 51332260,Argia harknessi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,harknessi,,,,,"Calvert , 1899", 51280207,Plathemis subornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Plathemis,subornata,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 165050,Gynacantha nervosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,nervosa,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 165047,Cordulegaster talaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,talaria,,,,,"Tennessen, 2004", 51357444,Enallagma praevarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,praevarum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51364195,Neoerythromma cultellatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoerythromma,cultellatum,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1876)", 51332278,Argia hinei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,hinei,,,,,"Kennedy, 1918", 51332233,Argia extranea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,extranea,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51364316,Lestes alacer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,alacer,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 165008,Stylurus ivae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,ivae,,,,,"Williamson, 1932", 164997,Coryphaeschna ingens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,ingens,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 165000,Dromogomphus armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Dromogomphus,armatus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 165020,Libellula cyanea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,cyanea,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775", 165022,Ophiogomphus susbehcha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,susbehcha,,,,,"Vogt & Smith, 1993", 165024,Argia pallens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,pallens,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 165010,Zoniagrion exclamationis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Zoniagrion,exclamationis,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 165011,Ophiogomphus arizonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,arizonicus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1917", 165012,Anax concolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,concolor,,,,,"Brauer, 1865",Confused with and by some authors as it was considered a subspecies of Anax longipes until 1960s. 165013,Triacanthagyna trifida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,trifida,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 51332201,Argia cuprea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,cuprea,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 164970,Argia plana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,plana,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 164969,Erythemis mithroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,mithroides,,,,,"(Brauer, 1900)", 164976,Phyllocycla breviphylla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,breviphylla,,,,,"Belle, 1975", 51356443,Enallagma divagans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,divagans,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 51332193,Argia carlcooki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,carlcooki,,,,,"Daigle, 1995", 164963,Enallagma dubium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,dubium,,,,,"Root, 1924", 164962,Argia lugens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,lugens,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 42688,Hylogomphus geminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hylogomphus,geminatus,,,,,"Carle, 1979",This species is now in the genus Hylogomphus. 51364268,Archilestes californicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,californicus,,,,,"McLachlan, 1895", 164992,Erythemis plebeja,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythemis,plebeja,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 42685,Stenogomphurus consanguis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stenogomphurus,consanguis,,,,,"Selys, 1879",This species is now considered in the genus Stenogomphurus. 164990,Hetaerina vulnerata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,vulnerata,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 42686,Gomphurus lynnae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,lynnae,,,,,"Paulson, 1983",This species is now in the genus Gomphurus. 164980,Somatochlora georgiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,georgiana,,,,,"Walker, 1925", 164977,Libellula comanche,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,comanche,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 51272874,Brechmorhoga mendax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,mendax,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 50978668,Epitheca spinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,spinosa,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 51356810,Enallagma eiseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,eiseni,,,,,"Calvert, 1895", 59707,Cordulegaster sayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,sayi,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 50978676,Epitheca stella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,stella,,,,,"(Williamson in Muttkowski, 1911)", 50978814,Somatochlora filosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,filosa,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 50978686,Helocordulia selysii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Helocordulia,selysii,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 12597,Macromia margarita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,margarita,,,,,"Westfall, 1947", 59727,Erpetogomphus heterodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,heterodon,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 63539,Argia pima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,pima,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 63540,Enallagma laterale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,laterale,,,,,"Morse, 1895", 51355816,Enallagma cardenium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,cardenium,,,,,"Hagen ,1876", 59718,Gomphurus gonzalezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,gonzalezi,,,,,"Dunkle, 1992",This species is now in the genus Gomphurus. 50978701,Macromia alleghaniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,alleghaniensis,,,,,"Williamson, 1909", 51364373,Lestes sigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,sigma,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 59736,Leptobasis melinogaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,melinogaster,,,,,"González, 2002", 50978726,Macromia pacifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,pacifica,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 50959232,Aeshna walkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,walkeri,,,,,"Kennedy, 1917", 8034,Erpetogomphus lampropeltis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,lampropeltis,,,,,"Kennedy, 1918", 51364394,Lestes stultus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,stultus,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 50978741,Neurocordulia molesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Neurocordulia,molesta,,,,,"(Walsh, 1863)", 50978759,Neurocordulia xanthosoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Neurocordulia,xanthosoma,,,,,"(Williamson, 1908)", 51364424,Lestes vidua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,vidua,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 50978886,Somatochlora provocans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,provocans,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 51274501,Ladona deplanata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Ladona,deplanata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 562,Aeshna persephone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,persephone,,,,,"Donnelly, 1961", 9312,Phanogomphus sandrius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,sandrius,,,,,"Tenessen, 1983",This species is now in the genus Phanogomphus. 9308,Phanogomphus diminutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,diminutus,,,,,"Needham, 1950",This species is now in the genus Phanogomphus. 51364461,Palaemnema domina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,domina,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 9313,Gomphurus septima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,septima,,,,,"Westfall, 1956",This species is now in the genus Gomphurus. 51276589,Macrodiplax balteata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrodiplax,balteata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51357888,Enallagma sulcatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,sulcatum,,,,,"Williamson, 1922", 51293832,Calopteryx dimidiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,dimidiata,,,,,"Burmeister, 1839", 3627,Calopteryx angustipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,angustipennis,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)", 158817,Triacanthagyna caribbea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,caribbea,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 51364513,Neoneura aaroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,aaroni,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 158918,Leptobasis vacillans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,vacillans,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1877", 51364534,Protoneura cara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,cara,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 51292816,Tramea insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,insularis,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 158905,Remartinia luteipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Remartinia,luteipennis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 51302880,Acanthagrion quadratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,quadratum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 50978648,Epitheca sepia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,sepia,,,,,"(Gloyd, 1933)", 21118,Stylurus potulentus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,potulentus,,,,,"(Needham, 1942)", 21119,Stylurus townesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,townesi,,,,,"Gloyd, 1936", 51273181,Dythemis maya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dythemis,maya,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 51275285,Libellula axilena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,axilena,,,,,"Westwood, 1837", 51273184,Dythemis nigrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dythemis,nigrescens,,,,,"Calvert, 1899", 51275269,Libellula auripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,auripennis,,,,,"Burmeister, 1839", 51358001,Enallagma weewa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,weewa,,,,,"Byers, 1927", 51279601,Paltothemis lineatipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Paltothemis,lineatipes,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 51179375,Ophiogomphus morrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,morrisoni,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 50967742,Cordulegaster bilineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,bilineata,,,,,"(Carle, 1983)", 51179481,Ophiogomphus westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,westfalli,,,,,"Cook & Daigle, 1985", 14485,Nehalennia pallidula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nehalennia,pallidula,,,,,"Calvert, 1913", 18336,Progomphus bellei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,bellei,,,,,"Knopf & Tennessen, 1980", 23079,Williamsonia lintneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Williamsonia,lintneri,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 51273072,Celithemis ornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,ornata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 51276401,Libellula saturata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,saturata,,,,,"Uhler, 1857", 51179470,Ophiogomphus smithi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,smithi,,,,,"Tennessen & Vogt, 2004", 51275332,Libellula composita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,composita,,,,,"(Hagen, 1873)", 51273089,Celithemis verna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,verna,,,,,"Pritchard, 1935", 51273008,Celithemis amanda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celithemis,amanda,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 51355980,Enallagma concisum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,concisum,,,,,"Williamson, 1922", 51273005,Cannaphila insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Cannaphila,insularis,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 15365,Ophiogomphus edmundo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,edmundo,,,,,"Needham, 1951", 7720,Enallagma recurvatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,recurvatum,,,,,"Davis, 1913", 15367,Ophiogomphus incurvatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,incurvatus,,,,,"Carle, 1982",Garrison (1995) considered O. alleghaniensis a possible synonym of O. incurvatus. 51276359,Libellula needhami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,needhami,,,,,"Westfall, 1943", 51279739,Perithemis intensa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,intensa,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 51276369,Libellula nodisticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,nodisticta,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 51274385,Idiataphe cubensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Idiataphe,cubensis,,,,,"(Scudder, 1866)", 51275474,Libellula flavida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,flavida,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 51276313,Libellula gaigei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,gaigei,,,,,"Gloyd, 1938", 20341,Somatochlora calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,calverti,,,,,"Williamson & Gloyd, 1933", 20345,Somatochlora ozarkensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,ozarkensis,,,,,"Bird, 1933", 190571,Borikenophis variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Borikenophis,variegatus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1926)", 80796583,Typhlops tetrathyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,tetrathyreus,,,,,"Thomas, 1989", 80796606,Typhlops titanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,titanops,,,,,"Thomas, 1989", 189472,Physa megalochlamys,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physa,megalochlamys,,,,,"Taylor, 1988","This species was previously confused with Physa skinneri (Taylor 1988). Taylor (1988) re-identified photographs of P. jennessi skinneri in Clarke (1981) from a lake in Banff National Park, Alberta, from Dease Lake, British Columbia (most likely specimen CMNML‐020254), and from a lake near Calgary, Alberta, respectively, as this species. The outgroup Physa sp. in Remigio et al. (2001) were P. megalochlamys as their mantle extended well over the shell (Lepitzki pers. obs.), which is a diagnostic feature. Earlier allozyme analysis of these same Physa sp., identified at the time as P. jennessi skinneri led Hebert (1997, in Lepitzki 1998), to conclude that Physa megalochlamys was easily distinguished from Physella johnsoni and Physella gyrina by two diagnostic alleles. Taylor (2003) maintains its validity in the genus Physa." 189281,Planorbella corpulenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,corpulenta,,,,,"(Say, 1824)","Clarke (1981) called it Helisoma (Pierosoma) corpulentum corpulentum (Say, 1824)" 189664,Stagnicola oronoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Stagnicola,oronoensis,,,,,"(Baker, 1904)","Hubendick (1951, in NatureServe 2010) includes this species as a form of Stagnicola emarginata, although it is recognised as a valid species by NatureServe and most other authorities. Clarke (1973, 1981) does not mention this snail." 189129,Valvata tricarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,tricarinata,,,,,"(Say, 1817)","Cordeiro (2008, in Natureserve account) considered that the western occurrences were strongly disjunct and specimens from the Washington and Montana populations need to be compared in detail with more easterly occurrences, in view of the fact that speciation has occurred in several other genera with disjunct species swarms with both eastern and western representation. He suggests that there may be more than one species within the current populations of Valvata tricarinata, however, this has yet to be demonstrated, hence all populations are currently assessed as one species." 23049,Vulpes bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,bengalensis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1800)", 4248,Cerdocyon thous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Cerdocyon,thous,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 4084,Cebus malitiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,malitiosus,,,,,"Elliot, 1909","The taxonomy of untufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) has recently been debated and although there is a better understanding of its phylogeny, some phylogenetic and biogeographical aspects of this genus remain unresolved (Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2010; Boubli et al. 2012; Lynch Alfaro et al. 2012). The Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin (Cebus malitiosus) comprises of all populations of untufted capuchins that occur in the north-western region of the Sierra Nevada de San Marta, in northern Colombia (Defler 2003, 2004). Both Hershkovitz (1949) and Hernadez-Camacho and Cooper (1976) consider the Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin a subspecies of C. albifrons, while Groves (2001) considers it as one of the six forms of varied white-fronted capuchins (Cebus albifrons versicolor) in northern Colombia. The only molecular study that has included a single sample of capuchin monkeys from the northern region of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta found that C. malitiosus had a completely different haplotype compared to those from other northern Colombian populations (C. a. versicolor, C. a. pleei and C. a. cesarae) and actually nested in a basal branch with capuchin monkeys from the Colombian and Peruvian Amazon (Ruiz-García et al. 2010). The validity of C. malitiosus as a separate species on the northwestern foothills of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta still needs further validation." 39952,Cebus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,versicolor,,,,,"Pucheran, 1845","The taxonomy of gracile capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) continues to be debated and despite increasing understanding of its phylogeny, many phylogenetic and biogeographical aspects of this genus remain unresolved (Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2010, Boubli et al. 2012, Lynch Alfaro et al. 2012, Lima et al. 2017). Genetic analyses by Boubli et al. (2012) have indicated that the following forms of white-fronted capuchins that were recognized as subspecies of Cebus albifrons by Hershkovitz (1949) should be provisionally considered distinct species: albifrons, yuracus, unicolor, cuscinus, cesarae, malitiosus, leucocephalus, trinitatis, aequatorialis, and versicolor. The Varied White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus versicolor) comprises all populations of gracile capuchins that occur in northern Colombia in the Cauca-Magdalena interfluvium, on both banks of the Magdalena River and in the middle Magdalena River valley, excluding those populations on the western slope of the Eastern Andes and east of the eastern Andes Mountains into Venezuela (Cebus leucocephalus) and those in northern Cesar department and north to the Rio Ranchería (Cebus cesarae) and the Magdalena Department northern coast (C. malitiosus). An alternative hypothesis, by Hernandez-Camacho and Cooper (1976), considered a C. versicolor “complex” to include three taxa proposed by Hershkovitz (1949): C. albifrons versicolor, C. a. pleei (described from Mompos in Bolivar department) and C. a. leucocephalus, primarily because those authors had observed one population of capuchins in the Barrancabermeja region of the middle Magdalena with individual variation that seemed to encompass morphotypes of all three described subspecies; this points to one of the ongoing challenges of taxonomy for capuchin monkeys, the extreme individual morphological variation even within a single population (Rylands et al. 2005). However, mitochondrial genetic analyses support Cebus cesarae as the sister taxon to C. versicolor, with C. leucocephalus as a separate lineage (Lima et al. 2017). Ruiz-García et al. (2010) using mtDNA analyses also found that C. a. versicolor, C. a. cesarae, and C. a. pleei were genetically closely related to one another.

Here we note that the holotype (and only known locality) for Cebus albifrons pleei (sensu Hershkovitz, 1949) is found within our distribution of C. versicolor; the phenotype of C. pleei is more similar to C. versicolor than to C. cesarae, however, the genetic evidence is currently inconclusive to whether C. a. pleei should be synonymized with C. versicolor or instead with C. cesarae, extending the latter’s range south. Here we consider C. a. pleei a junior synonym of C. versicolor. We also note that the holotype for Cebus leucocephalus falls at the eastern edge of our C. versicolor range, and the C. versicolor holotype is listed as Bogotá, which is outside its distribution. These discrepancies are subjects of current research." 5379,Coregonus huntsmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,huntsmani,,,,,"Scott, 1987", 11208,Entosphenus macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Entosphenus,macrostoma,,,,,"Beamish, 1982", 67966420,Uncisudis quadrimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Uncisudis,quadrimaculata,,,,,"(Post, 1969)", 68438250,Dicologlossa hexophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dicologlossa,hexophthalma,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)",This species is also known as Microchirus hexophthalmus in certain texts. 190373,Astronesthes atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,atlanticus,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1996", 190427,Eustomias parri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,parri,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 19942,Scaphirhynchus suttkusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Scaphirhynchus,suttkusi,,,,,"Williams & Clemmer, 1991", 19943,Scaphirhynchus platorynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Scaphirhynchus,platorynchus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)",Unknown 17938,Polyodon spathula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,POLYODONTIDAE,Polyodon,spathula,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 154669,Taeniamia buruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Taeniamia,buruensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 18258266,Syngnathus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,variegatus,,,,,"Pallas, 1814", 68064267,Macroparalepis brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Macroparalepis,brevis,,,,,"Ege, 1933", 190480,Scopelarchus michaelsarsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchus,michaelsarsi,,,,,"Koefoed, 1955", 67966271,Scopelosaurus smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,smithii,,,,,"Bean, 1925", 190158,Stemonosudis siliquiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,siliquiventer,,,,,"Post, 1970", 82031633,Sousa plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Sousa,plumbea,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1829)","Sousa plumbea has been recognized as a species since taxonomic revision of the genus Sousa in 2014 (Committee on Taxonomy 2014, Jefferson and Rosenbaum 2014). Previously this species was lumped with the Indo-pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) but animals occurring in the Indian Ocean from South Africa to India are now recognized as taxonomically distinct from those that occur further east, based on genetics, skeletal morphology, external morphology and colour. There is uncertainty about the taxonomic affinities of the Humpback Dolphins that occur in the Bay of Bengal and future studies will confirm whether S. plumbea actually occurs east of the southern tip of India." 82031667,Sousa sahulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Sousa,sahulensis,,,,,"Jefferson & Rosenbaum, 2014 ","Previous formal taxonomy of this genus recognized the existence of only two species: S. teuszii in the Atlantic Ocean and S. chinensis in the Indo-Pacific Oceans (Committee on Taxonomy-Society for Marine Mammalogy 2009). However, recent morphological and molecular studies have shown the genus is composed of four species including: S. teuszii (Atlantic Ocean), S. plumbea (Indian Ocean), S. chinensis (eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans) and a newly described species S. sahulensis found in the waters of the Sahul Shelf from northern Australia to southern New Guinea (Jefferson and Rosenbaum 2014, Mendez et al. 2013).

The Australian Humpback Dolphin can be visually differentiated from the other species of the genus by the following combination of morphological characters: 1) the body is typically more dark grey in colour, 2) a diagonal cape line running from just above the eye and neck down to the urogenital area separates the dark back and lighter belly, 3) dorsal fin is lower in size, triangular in shape, and has a wide base without a visible dorsal hump and 4) white scarring and dark flecking on the head, back, dorsal fin, and tail stock are common in adult animals (Jefferson & Rosenbaum 2014). Seven diagnostic mtDNA characters and a single nuDNA character distinguish Sousa sahulensis from other species in the genus." 82124938,Paracaristius aquilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARISTIIDAE,Paracaristius,aquilus,,,,,"Stevenson & Kenaley, 2011", 82125026,Coelorinchus geronimo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,geronimo,,,,,"Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973", 82125080,Lestidiops distans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,distans,,,,,"(Ege, 1953)", 82125112,Lestidiops similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,similis,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)", 82125176,Anthias cyprinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Anthias,cyprinoides,,,,,"(Katayama & Amaoka, 1986)", 82125274,Anthias helenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Anthias,helenensis,,,,,"Katayama & Amaoka, 1986", 82125351,Holanthias caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Holanthias,caudalis,,,,,"Trunov, 1976", 82125424,Holanthias fronticinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Holanthias,fronticinctus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 82125464,Paracaristius nemorosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARISTIIDAE,Paracaristius,nemorosus,,,,,"Stevenson & Kenaley, 2011", 82138858,Sphaerodactylus festus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,festus,,,,,"Barbour, 1915","Surget-Groba and Thorpe (2013) investigated the phylogenetics and biogeography of what they recognized as the Sphaerodactylus vincenti species complex, and applied the name S. festus to northern populations (northern Martinique and Dominica). These authors caution that the diagnostic features they identified exhibit some overlap between S. festus and S. vincenti and that more work is needed to clarify their status as separate species. Nevertheless, recognition of these two species is based on the ""best available information"" (Surget-Groba and Thorpe 2013) and has subsequently been followed by researchers working in the region, and this scheme is consequently adopted here. These authors' genetic analysis also found that S. kirbyi from Mustique in the Grenadines was nested between Martinique and St. Vincent populations and considered it a junior synonym of S. vincenti. This arrangement is considered unlikely to be correct by other workers on biogeographic grounds (R. Powell pers. comm. 2015), and S. kirbyi is treated as a separate species here." 82306863,Pristigenys refulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Pristigenys,refulgens,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1862)",Pristigenys refulgens was recently resurrected from synonymy with P. niphonia (Iwatsuki et al. 2012). 82306982,Parabothus filipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,filipes,,,,,"Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1997", 82308445,Tosarhombus longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Tosarhombus,longimanus,,,,,"Amaoka, Mihara & Rivaton, 1997", 82308484,Plectranthias flammeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,flammeus,,,,,"Williams, Delrieu-Trottin & Planes, 2013", 82308681,Pseudanthias oumati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,oumati,,,,,"Williams, Delrieu-Trottin & Planes, 2013", 82308810,Rabaulichthys altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Rabaulichthys,altipinnis,,,,,"Allen, 1984","Photo records in FishBase from the Marshall Islands identified as Rabaulichthys altipinnis are of a new, undescribed species." 82308861,Plectorhinchus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,vittatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Recent genetic analyses suggested that Plectorhinchus orientalis, often treated as a junior synonym of P. vittatus, should be recognized as a valid species (Liang et al. 2016). However, further work is needed to determine the validity of P. orientalis, and, if valid, to determine the geographic distributions of these two nominal species. For the purposes of this assessment, we are treating P. vittatus as including P. orientalis." 82308892,Paraxenisthmus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Paraxenisthmus,springeri,,,,,"Gill & Hoese, 1993", 6923,Dusicyon australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Dusicyon,australis,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 82337482,Dusicyon avus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Dusicyon,avus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1866)","This species is the sister taxon of the also extinct, but insular, Falklands Wolf (Dusicyon australis)." 10276,Parahyaena brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HYAENIDAE,Parahyaena,brunnea,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1820)","Although previously classified under the genus Hyaena (e.g. Jenks & Werdelin 1998), Koepfli et al. (2006) placed this species in its own genus Parahyaena (also see Wozencraft 1993). The sister taxon is the Striped Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) with which it last shared a common ancestor roughly 4.2 mya (Koepfli et al. 2006). The clade containing Brown and Striped Hyaenas last shared a common ancestor with the Spotted Hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) roughly 8.6 mya (Koepfli et al. 2006)." 82345555,Rhinopoma cystops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOPOMATIDAE,Rhinopoma,cystops,,,,,"Thomas, 1903",Splitted from Rhinopoma hardwickii by Hulva et al. (2007) 82346260,Rhinolophus willardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,willardi,,,,,"Kerbis Peterhans & Fahr, 2013",This is a newly described species belonging to the Rhinolophus maclaudi group (Kerbis Peterhans et al. 2013). 82347204,Rhinolophus kahuzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,kahuzi,,,,,"Kerbis Peterhans & Fahr, 2013",This is a newly described species belonging to the Rhinolophus maclaudi group (Kerbis Peterhans et al. 2013). 82347791,Rhinolophus schnitzleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,schnitzleri,,,,,"Wu & Thong, 2011", 82348077,Rhinolophus thailandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,thailandensis,,,,,"Wu, Harada & Motokawa, 2009",Rhinolophus thailandensis was split from R. yunanensis as the Thai specimens differed in external and cranial morphology and karyotype (Wu et al. 2009). 82348701,Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,xinanzhongguoensis,,,,,"Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang, 2009","Morphological analyses cannot convincingly ascribe this species to the groups in Csorba et al. (2003). However, systematic study based on morphological and molecular data aligns it with a monophyletic Afro-Palearctic lineage identified by Guillén-Servent et al. (2003).
" 9018,Chelonoidis becki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,becki,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1901)","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. becki as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments.    

Chelonoidis becki has generally always been considered a distinct taxon based on its isolated occurrence on Wolf Volcano on northern Isabela, consistent also with prior recognition of the other tortoise populations on central and southern Isabela volcanoes as distinct taxa: microphyes, vandenburghi, guntheri, and vicina. However, as population morphologies were considered, the dome-shaped central and southern Isabela populations were merged by Pritchard (1996) into a broader vicina taxon, into which microphyes, vandenburghi, and guentheri [= guntheri] were synonymized. Later genetic analysis demonstrated that all southern Isabela populations are very closely related to each other, with C. becki more closely related to C. darwini from Santiago (Poulakakis et al. 2012, 2015).

Chelonoidis becki includes two distinct genetic lineages, each of which occurs in nearly separate ranges: one on the eastern and northern slopes of Wolf Volcano associated with Piedras Blancas and the other on the southwestern slopes associated with Puerto Bravo (Garrick et al. 2014).Both of these lineages derived from tortoises from Santiago (C. darwini, Caccone et al. 1999, 2002; Garrick et al. 2014).

Genetic data indicate the presence on Wolf Volcano of hybrid individuals from species from distant islands (C. niger [Extinct], C. abingdonii [Extinct], and C. hoodensis), as well as the presence of hybrid individuals with species from the same island. The first ones, and possibly all, are likely to have arrived on Wolf Volcano because of human activities, while those from other volcanoes of Isabela are the possible results of sporadic tortoise dispersal events from one volcano to the next by land (from Darwin Volcano) or by sea from the central (Alcedo Volcano) or southern (Sierra Negra and Cerro Azul) Isabela volcanoes (Beheragaray et al. 2007).

The carapace morphology of Wolf Volcano tortoises is quite variable, with carapace shapes ranging from domed to intermediate to saddlebacked Given that the ancestor of this species is C. darwini from Santiago (Caccone et al. 1999; Caccone et al. 2002; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2013; Garrick et al. 2012, 2014), a species with an intermediate carapace shape, we assume that this is the ancestral carapace shape for C. becki, whereas the presence of domed and saddlebacked individuals is likely the result of past mating events with individuals from other islands (see above). " 82492766,Gracixalus seesom,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,seesom,,,,,"Matsui, Khonsue, Panha & Eto, 2015", 82496838,Hyla arborea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,arborea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Hyla molleri and H. orientalis, which were both elevated from subspecies level (Stöck et al. 2008)." 82627914,Zoogoneticus purhepechus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Zoogoneticus,purhepechus,,,,,"Domínguez-Domínguez, Pérez-Rodríguez & Doadrio, 2008","The first individuals of this species were sampled in 1901 by S.E. Meek and F.E. Lutz from La Barca, Ocotlán, but at this time regarded as Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis. It lasted until the late 1990's and early 2000's when it become likely, that the stocks from the western distribution range of this species belong to a distinct one (Webb 1998, Doadrio and Domínguez 2004). Then in 2008, Domínguez-Domínguez et al. described Zoogoneticus purhepechus from individuals they collected in the Presa Verduzco (La Luz spring) at Jacona de Plancarte. They large distribution area and different populated drainages are the reason for distinguishing seven subpopulations of the La Luz Splitfin: The Lower Río Lerma subpopulation (type subpopulation) including the Río Duero, the Laguna Chapala/ Río Grande de Santiago subpopulation, the Laguna Magdalena subpopulation, the Upper Río Ameca subpopulation, the Laguna de Sayula subpopulation, the Laguna de Zapotlán subpopulation and the Laguna San Marcos subpopulation, including the lagunas San Marcos, Zacoalcos and Atotonilco." 181984,Gobionellus oceanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobionellus,oceanicus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)", 183177,Bathygobius soporator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,soporator,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","

This complex has recently been separated into three species: B. lacertus, B. antilliensis, and B. soporator (Tornabene et al. 2010).

" 185963,Ctenogobius boleosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,boleosoma,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 185972,Dormitator maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Dormitator,maculatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)","Recent genetic evidence suggests three distinct lineages in the eastern Atlantic that may represent distinct species (Galvan-Quesada et al. 2016, Guiamaes-Costa et al. 2017). Recognition of these lineages at the species level would considerably reduce the range extent of this species, and would likely warrant reassessment." 185989,Eleotris amblyopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,amblyopsis,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)", 185990,Eleotris perniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,perniger,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)","Eleotris perniger has generally been reported as E. pisonis, but the latter is a continental South American species ranging only from southern Brazil to eastern Venezuela (Pezold and Cage 2002)." 185999,Evorthodus lyricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Evorthodus,lyricus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 186007,Gobioides broussonnetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobioides,broussonnetii,,,,,"Lacepède, 1800", 186008,Gobiomorus dormitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorus,dormitor,,,,,"Lacepède, 1800", 186012,Gobiosoma bosc,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,bosc,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1800)",Recent genetic evidence suggests potential species level cryptic diversity between Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast subpopulations (Milá et al. 2017). Formal description of undescribed species would result in a non-genuine change in distribution and warrant reassessment. 186019,Guavina guavina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Guavina,guavina,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 190168,Mugil curema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,curema,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836","

Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of the Mugilidae family as confused and the genera as obscurely defined. 

Misidentification with Mugil gaimardianus, now an invalid species, has caused much confusion in the past.  

Currently, the most frequent misidentication is with Mugil rubrioculus (Harrison et al. 2007). Mugil curema and M. rubrioculus are very similar morphologically. They are clearly separated genetically both by karyotype and molecular analysis (Nirchio et al. 2005, Fraga et al. 2007, Gonzalez-Castro et al. 2009). 

Fraga et al. (2007) identified two species occurring along the Brazilian coast, Mugil curema type I (Mugil rubrioculus) and Mugil curema type II and showed that their distribution overlaps in most of their distribution. Therefore, species identification in landings and ecological studies may confuse the two species in Brazil.






" 190327,Centropomus parallelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,parallelus,,,,,"Poey, 1860","This species was previously thought to be confused with C. mexicanus off Sao Paulo State (Brazil), however, it is now known these two species do not co-occur in this area." 190409,Mugil liza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,liza,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836","

Gonzalez Castro et al. (2008) found morphological and genetic differences between Mugil cephalus from the Mediterranean coast and M. liza/M. platanus from the Southwestern Atlantic coast. According to Fraga et al. (2007), M. liza and M. platanus should be treated as a single species or even subpopulations of M. cephalus. Heras et al. (2009) found that M. platanus and M. liza represent a continuum of a single species that is closely related to but distinct from M. cephalus, which itself appears to comprise a grouping of multiple and closely related species.

According to Menezes et al. (2010), only one species of lebranche mullet exists in the Caribbean Sea region and off the Atlantic coast of South America, with Mugil liza as the appropriate name. Considering the above, M. liza and M. platanus are considered the same species and the adopted name is M. liza. Mugil cephalus does not occur in the Southwestern Atlantic (Menezes et al. 2010).

" 191206,Alosa sapidissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,sapidissima,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)",Forms a geographically disjunct species pair with Alosa alabamae. Meristic differences have been found among different spawning populations along the Atlantic coast (see Lee et al. 1980). Nolan et al. (1991) discriminated among Atlantic coast populations using mtDNA. 191832,Centropomus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,mexicanus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1868","This species is easily confused with Centropomus parallelus (Orrell FAO report)." 191833,Centropomus pectinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,pectinatus,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 191835,Centropomus undecimalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,undecimalis,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)", 192934,Ctenogobius shufeldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,shufeldti,,,,,"(Jordan & Eigenmann, 1887)",

Records of this species from Brazil represent an undescribed species.

192945,Mugil trichodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,trichodon,,,,,"Poey, 1875","

There is no type specimen for Mugil trichodon Poey 1875. Its description is based on Plate 8. Figure 4-8. from Cuba. Thompson (1997) considered it a ""nomen nudum"" (an invalid name).

This species is genetically most similar to M. rubrioculus and M. brevirostris, but is considered to be valid (Menezes et al. 2015).

" 193264,Bairdiella chrysoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bairdiella,chrysoura,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 193266,Cynoscion nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,nebulosus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 193267,Leiostomus xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Leiostomus,xanthurus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1802", 193268,Micropogonias undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Micropogonias,undulatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 162912433,Pogonias cromis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pogonias,cromis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 193270,Sciaenops ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Sciaenops,ocellatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 193271,Stellifer lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1855)", 162915452,Macrodon ancylodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Macrodon,ancylodon,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Macrodon ancylodon is genetically distinct from the previously known southwestern population (Santos et al. 2006), which is now distinguished as M. atricauda (Günther, 1880) (Carvalho-Filho et al. 2010)." 195075,Menticirrhus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,americanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 46104959,Equetus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Equetus,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 46105306,Larimus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimus,breviceps,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 46105545,Menticirrhus littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,littoralis,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1847)", 46105847,Menticirrhus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,saxatilis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 46106057,Odontoscion dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Odontoscion,dentex,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 46106266,Paralonchurus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paralonchurus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)", 46106542,Umbrina coroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,coroides,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 47146393,Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ctenosciaena,gracilicirrhus,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)", 47147457,Cynoscion jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Vaillant & Bocourt, 1883)", 47147468,Cynoscion leiarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,leiarchus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 47147556,Cynoscion microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,microlepidotus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 47147574,Cynoscion nothus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,nothus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1848)", 47147616,Cynoscion steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,steindachneri,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)", 47147660,Cynoscion virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,virescens,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 47147702,Isopisthus parvipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Isopisthus,parvipinnis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 47147749,Larimus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimus,fasciatus,,,,,"Holbrook, 1855", 47147840,Lonchurus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Lonchurus,elegans,,,,,"(Boeseman, 1948)", 47147979,Lonchurus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Lonchurus,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1788)", 47148013,Nebris microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nebris,microps,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 47148202,Ophioscion punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,punctatissimus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1925", 47148229,Pareques acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pareques,acuminatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 47148944,Stellifer griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,griseus,,,,,"Cervigón, 1966", 47149007,Stellifer microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,microps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1864)", 47149037,Stellifer naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,naso,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)", 47149087,Stellifer rastrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,rastrifer,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)", 47149357,Stellifer stellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,stellifer,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 9019,Chelonoidis chathamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,chathamensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1907)","

The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007,TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. chathamensis as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments.

Pritchard (1996) restricted the name chathamensis to the now-extirpated tortoise populations of southwestern and central San Cristóbal, but excluded the eastern San Cristóbal population, considering this population to represent a possibly distinct subspecies for which no name was available. For purposes of this Red List Assessment, the eastern San Cristóbal population is considered part of chathamensis until taxonomic clarity emerges.

Testudo wallacei Rothschild, 1902, was described with type locality “Chatham Island?”, but its type locality was designated Jervis Island [Rábida] by Van Denburgh (1914); Rábida tortoises were hypothesized to be an introduced population (Pritchard 1996), later confirmed by genetic analysis (Poulakakis et al. 2012) to represent tortoises from southern Isabela, and the name wallacei is considered a nomen dubium and synonym of C. vicina (Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2014).

" 9024,Chelonoidis hoodensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,hoodensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1907)","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007,TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. hoodensis as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments." 9026,Chelonoidis porteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,porteri,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1903)","

The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007,TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. porteri as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments.

The name C. porteri now refers only to the species of tortoise found on western Santa Cruz Island in the area known as La Reserva (the originally designated Tortoise Reserve). A second tortoise species on eastern Santa Cruz Island from the Cerro Fatal region has recently been described as C. donfaustoi (Poulakakis et al. 2015), thus separating what was formerly considered one species into two. A third very small group of tortoises occurs in the northwestern region of Santa Cruz near Cerro Montura. The tortoises found at Cerro Montura have been identified as genetically indistinguishable from the Pinzón tortoise, C. duncanensis (Russello et al. 2005), and it is considered that they were probably introduced from Pinzón to Santa Cruz by humans.

Some recent literature suggests that the valid name for the Western Santa Cruz tortoise may be C. nigrita (e.g., EMBL database). However, the Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group follows the nomenclature of Pritchard (1996), Fritz and Havas (2007), TTWG (2014), and TEWG (2015), who concluded that nigrita is a nomen dubium and placed it in questionable synonymy under C. porteri.

" 65134886,Aulostomus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,AULOSTOMIDAE,Aulostomus,chinensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 56852595,Choeroichthys brachysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Choeroichthys,brachysoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","Kuiter (2000) and subsequent authors (Fricke et al. 2009, Kuiter 2009) resurrect the name Choeroichthys valencienni based on these specimens having a longer snout. This is insufficient to warrant the splitting of this species, and C. valencienni is here treated as a junior synonym of C. brachysoma." 191303,Cyprinodon eremus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,eremus,,,,,"Miller and Fuiman, 1987", 62208,Cyprinodon eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,eximius,,,,,"Girard, 1860", 62209,Cyprinodon macularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,macularius,,,,,"Baird and Girard, 1853", 82958421,Cyprinodon bondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,bondi,,,,,"Myers, 1935","

There is evidence to suggest that populations from Lake Enriquillo represent at least one separate species that has not yet been described (Smith 1989, Marmolejo 2011). Further molecular analysis suggests that these two lineages may be the result of colonization by at least two separate progenitors (Echelle et al. 2006). Therefore, subpopulations in Lake Enriquillo are not considered under the scope of this assessment.

" 82958597,Cyprinodon brontotheroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,brontotheroides,,,,,"Martin & Wainwright, 2013", 82958616,Cyprinodon dearborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,dearborni,,,,,"Meek, 1909","

There is molecular evidence to suggest that that the South American lineage of Cyprinodon dearborni may represent a previously unrecognized species (Haney et al. 2009). A formal description of this potentially distinct lineage would result in a non-genuine reduction in range extent, and may warrant reassessment.

" 82958628,Cyprinodon desquamator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,desquamator,,,,,"Martin & Wainwright, 2013", 82958669,Cyprinodon higuey,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,higuey,,,,,"Rodriguez & Smith, 1990", 82958891,Cyprinodon julimes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,julimes,,,,,"De la Maza-Benignos & Vela-Valladares, 2009", 82958911,Cyprinodon laciniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,laciniatus,,,,,"Hubbs & Miller, 1942", 82960097,Cyprinodon nichollsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,nichollsi,,,,,"Smith, 1989", 82960375,Cyprinodon riverendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,riverendi,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 83284529,Tetronarce cowleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,cowleyi,,,,,"Ebert, Haas & de Carvalho, 2015", 83298695,Lyriothemis hirundo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,hirundo,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 83300159,Protorthemis coronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Protorthemis,coronata,,,,,"(Kaup in Brauer, 1866)", 83300729,Nannodiplax rubra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannodiplax,rubra,,,,,"Brauer, 1868", 83300851,Neurothemis decora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,decora,,,,,"(Brauer, 1866)", 83300961,Neurothemis luctuosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,luctuosa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 83301001,Neurothemis oligoneura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,oligoneura,,,,,"Brauer, 1867", 163690,Neurothemis ramburii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,ramburii,,,,,"(Brauer, 1866)","A number of subspecies of Neurothemis ramburii are recognised: N. r. martinii Krüger, 1903; N. r. oceanis Lieftinck, 1948." 83301383,Neurothemis stigmatizans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,stigmatizans,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","A subspecies Neurothemis stigmatizans bramina (Guérin, 1838) is recognised. Another species, N. manadensis (Boisduval, 1835) formerly treated as a subspecies of N. stigmatizans, was raised to specific rank by Seehausen and Dow (2016). However, hybridisation between N. manadensis and N. stigmatizans bramina may occur in parts of the Moluccas and Western New Guinea." 83301719,Ictinogomphus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,australis,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 83301940,Nesoxenia mysis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesoxenia,mysis,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 4801,Christinus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Christinus,guentheri,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1998","There is unpublished morphological and genetic data supporting the suggestion by Cogger (2014) that the Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Islands populations represent distinct species (D. Chapple pers. comm. 2017). Until this work is formally published, this account retains the traditional concept of Christinus guentheri." 5839,Ctenophorus yinnietharra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,yinnietharra,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 11559,Lepidodactylus listeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,listeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 14608,Nephrurus deleani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,deleani,,,,,"Harvey, 1983", 22733,Uvidicolus sphyrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Uvidicolus,sphyrurus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1892)","Was originally published on the IUCN Red List under the genus Underwoodisaurus, but following Oliver and Bauer (2011) it is now placed under Uvidicolus." 170373,Lophognathus gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophognathus,gilberti,,,,,"Gray, 1842","This species is treated by some authors under the genus Amphibolurus, but we follow the Reptile Database here in keeping it under Lophognathus. This species is currently under revision." 170374,Amphibolurus norrisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Amphibolurus,norrisi,,,,,"Witten & Coventry, 1984", 170385,Ctenophorus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,maculosus,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1948)", 170386,Ctenophorus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,nuchalis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)","Despite some mitochondrial diversity in this species, which is somewhat divergent, population genetics indicates that this is a single very widespread species that readily mixes in central areas of its range (B. Carter unpubl. data)." 170387,Ctenophorus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,ornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 170388,Ctenophorus tjantjalka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,tjantjalka,,,,,"Johnston, 1992", 170389,Diporiphora albilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,albilabris,,,,,"Storr, 1974",This is currently under taxonomic review (J. Melville pers. comm. 2017). As presently understood there are two subspecies: Diporiphora albilabris albilabris and D. a. sobria) (Macdonald 2016). 170390,Diporiphora convergens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,convergens,,,,,"Storr, 1974", 170391,Diporiphora lalliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,lalliae,,,,,"Storr, 1974","A redefinition of this species is underway, in order to resolve longstanding difficulties in correctly assigning records to this taxon (J. Melville pers. comm. 2017)" 170392,Diporiphora linga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,linga,,,,,"Houston, 1977","There is apparently an isolated Western Australian record in the vicinity of Queen Victoria Spring (Ninox Wildlife Consulting 2009, citing Burbidge et al. 1976 and McKenzie and Burbidge 1979, however this record is not referred to in the latter - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017), the type locality of the more recently-described Diporiphora reginae, which seems to be genetically distinct from the remainder of the range." 178192,Phyllurus ossa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,ossa,,,,,"Couper, Covacevich & Moritz, 1993", 178215,Strophurus taenicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,taenicauda,,,,,"(De Vis, 1886)", 178216,Saltuarius cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Saltuarius,cornutus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1892)", 178232,Gehyra australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,australis,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",Gehyra australis is a complex of two to four species (Paul Oliver pers. comm. 2017). 178261,Nephrurus wheeleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,wheeleri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1909","Taxonomic revision of Nephrurus wheeleri is underway, and the subspecies N. w. cinctus is likely to be elevated to specific status in the near future (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017)." 178316,Gehyra pilbara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,pilbara,,,,,"Mitchell, 1965", 178350,Nephrurus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,stellatus,,,,,"Storr, 1968",Published genetic analyses indicate that the two disjunct populations are most likely conspecific (Oliver and Bauer 2011). 178371,Phyllurus gulbaru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,gulbaru,,,,,"Hoskin, Couper & Schneider, 2003", 178382,Orraya occultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Orraya,occultus,,,,,"(Couper, Covacevich & Moritz, 1993)", 178454,Strophurus ciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,ciliaris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)","This is probably a species complex, comprising of at least one desert form and one tropical form (M. Hutchinson pers. comm.)." 178545,Strophurus jeanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,jeanae,,,,,"(Storr, 1988)", 178553,Diplodactylus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,ornatus,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 178565,Gehyra borroloola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,borroloola,,,,,"King, 1984", 178578,Nephrurus levis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,levis,,,,,"De Vis, 1886","There are three subspecies:
N. levis occidentalis Storr, 1963,
N. levis pilbarensis Storr, 1963, and
N. levis levis De Vis, 1886." 178602,Diplodactylus granariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,granariensis,,,,,"Storr, 1979", 178633,Strophurus michaelseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,michaelseni,,,,,"(Werner, 1910)", 199637,Underwoodisaurus milii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Underwoodisaurus,milii,,,,,"(Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823)", 56796872,Heteronotia fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Heteronotia,fasciolatus,,,,,"Pepper, Doughty, Fujita, Moritz & Keogh, 2013", 83356739,Rhodothemis nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodothemis,nigripes,,,,,"Lohmann, 1984", 83356749,Rhodothemis mauritsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodothemis,mauritsi,,,,,"Lohmann, 1984", 83356753,Rhodothemis lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodothemis,lieftincki,,,,,"Fraser, 1954", 167375,Ischnura aurora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,aurora,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)","In New Guinea, two closely allied forms have developed, one in the mountain Valley of the Baliem River, central north New Guinea (I. aurora viduata Lieftinck, 1949) and the other in the Arfak Mountains of the Vogelkop of west New Guinea (I. aurora rhodosoma Lieftinck, 1959) (Armstrong 1973).

There are strong differences in DNA between the Asian forms of the species and specimens from the Pacific (R. Rowe pers. comm. 2012)." 167372,Diplacodes trivialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,trivialis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 197096,Anax papuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,papuensis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","

" 197095,Adversaeschna brevistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Adversaeschna,brevistyla,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 83150457,Teinobasis obtusilingua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,obtusilingua,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 83155805,Nososticta salomonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,salomonis,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 197094,Xanthocnemis zealandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Xanthocnemis,zealandica,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1873)","Massive habitat modification throughout New Zealand (particularly the North Island) since c.1820 has created new selection pressures on this genus, that has affected distribution, morphology and genetics, possibly leading to positive hybridisation. This species has suspiciously variable morphology, and its taxonomy needs to be studied in greater detail (R. Rowe pers. comm. 2011). Despite the recent recognition of several species, it is probable that several more or less isolated taxonomic groups remain 'undiscovered' in this species (Rowe 1987)." 197093,Xanthocnemis tuanuii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Xanthocnemis,tuanuii,,,,,"Rowe, 1981","Marinov and McHugh (2010) suppose a possible subspecific status of this species and suggest a DNA-analysis to clear this problem. Earlier work by Nolan et al. (2007) found a 7% difference between a specimen from South Chatham Island from material from the open country in the North where Marinov and McHugh undertook their later work." 197091,Austrolestes colensonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,colensonis,,,,,"(White, 1846)","Individuals from the Chatham Island population have more black area on the thorax than South Island populations (Marinov and McHugh 2010) and differing DNA analysis (Nolan et al. 2007), and may prove to be a different subspecies." 83066856,Agriocnemis salomonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,salomonis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 197100,Tramea loewii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,loewii,,,,,"Brauer, 1866", 197099,Diplacodes bipunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,bipunctata,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)","Both forms, D. bipunctata bipunctata and D. b. novaezealandiae (described from a female), occur in New Zealand. The former has been collected from Northland and Raglan on the Waikato coast and the latter from Maramarua in inland Waikato, Rotorua, Feilding, and Paekakariki. D. b. novaezealandiae may be no more than an environmentally induced variant and therefore not worthy of the subspecific status indicated by its name, but firm conclusions must await breeding experiments and rearing under controlled conditions (Rowe 1987)." 197098,Procordulia grayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,grayi,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)",The generic status is not clear and needs to be confirmed after revision of all pacific genera. 197097,Uropetala chiltoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Uropetala,chiltoni,,,,,"Tillyard, 1930","Wolfe (1953) expressed doubt over the species status - it may be a subspecies of Uropetala carovei (White, 1846), however this was rejected by Rowe (1987), and it has been considered a valid species by several subsequent authors (e.g., Schorr and Paulson 2012)." 83304709,Agyrtacantha dirupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Agyrtacantha,dirupta,,,,,"(Karsch, 1889)","There is a possibility that Australian populations treated as Agyrtacantha dirupta are not actually that species (G. Theischinger, pers. comm.), this needs further investigation." 163566,Orthetrum serapia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,serapia,,,,,"Watson, 1984","The original description was by Watson (1984), with holotype from Cooktown, Queensland. Further taxonomic information provided Houston and Watson (1988)." 163559,Uropetala carovei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Uropetala,carovei,,,,,"(White, 1846)",The species was described by White (White and Doubleday 1846) and the type material is held in the British Natural History Museum (Rowe 1987). 83127589,Nesobasis campioni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,campioni,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 83150902,Teinobasis rufithorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,rufithorax,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 167353,Lathrecista asiatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lathrecista,asiatica,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","A number of subspecies have been recognized for L. asiatica. Lathrecista a. festa occurs in northern Australia, New Guinea, the Tanimbar Islands, the Aru Islands, Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia. Lathrecista a. interposita occurs in New Guinea, whilst L. a. pectoralis has been recorded from Papua New Guinea, the Moluccas (the type is from Seram) and northern Sulawesi. Lathrecista a. simulans has only been recorded from the Palawan region of the Philippines. The nominate subspecies has been recorded from India to the Philippines and Moluccas. The current taxonomic situation appears chaotic. Research is needed to determine if any of the subspecies are actually separate species, or better treated as junior synonyms rather than subspecies." 83154800,Lieftinckia salomonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lieftinckia,salomonis,,,,,"Kimmins, 1957", 83127616,Nesobasis erythrops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,erythrops,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 83124583,Ischnura cardinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,cardinalis,,,,,"Kimmins, 1929", 83127605,Nesobasis comosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,comosa,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 83066932,Amorphostigma armstrongi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amorphostigma,armstrongi,,,,,"Fraser, 1925","Dijkstra et al. (2014) suggested that Amorphostigma armstrongi should be transferred to Ischnura. However, this has not been fully justified. More recent molecular studies are in favour of Amorphostigma retaining a separate generic status based on morphology (Marinov, M., pers. comm.)" 167298,Agrionoptera insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,insignis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","A number of subspecies of Agrionoptera insignis are recognised: A. i. insignis occurs in mainland southeast Asia and throughout Sundaland; A. i. allogenes Tillyard, 1908 occurs in Australia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and possibly New Caledonia; A. i. chalcochiton Ris, 1915 is known from Simalur and the Mentawai Islands; A. i. insularis Kirby, 1889 was described from the Solomon Islands; A. i. lifuana Kimmins, 1953 was described from New Caledonia; A. i. nereis Lieftinck, 1948 is known from Enggano; A. i. nicobarica Brauer, 1865 is known from the Nicobar Islands;  A. i. papuensis is known from the New Guinea region. Hämälänen and Müller (1997) left the issue of the subspecific status of material from the Philippines open. A. i. dorothea Fraser, 1927 from west Bengal in India is sometimes considered as a distinct species, and sometimes as a subspecies or junior synonym, it is left out of consideration for the purposes of this assessment. Considerable confusion persists over the status of some of these subspecies and of other closely related species of Agrionoptera; the whole complex needs to be critically re-examined." 83154895,Salomocnemis gerdae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Salomocnemis,gerdae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 83124680,Ischnura chromostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,chromostigma,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 83129465,Pseudagrion incisurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,incisurum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 83357158,Hydrobasileus brevistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hydrobasileus,brevistylus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 167280,Agriocnemis pygmaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,pygmaea,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","Agriocnemis sania Nielsen, 1959 was made a subspecies of A. pygmaea (Rambur 1942) by Pinhey (1974). Dumont (1974) redescribed the taxon and elaborated on the differences between A. sania and A. pygmaea, the latter being very abundant and widespread in Asia. Though more taxonomic work is needed, both species are currently considered as good species, with A. sania occurring in northeastern Africa and A. pygmea being widespread in southern Asia." 83150533,Teinobasis palauensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,palauensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 167270,Aethriamanta brevipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethriamanta,brevipennis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 83305747,Hemicordulia cupricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,cupricolor,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 83127539,Nesobasis caerulecaudata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,caerulecaudata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 83066996,Amorphostigma auricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amorphostigma,auricolor,,,,,"Fraser, 1927","Dijkstra et al. (2014) suggested that Amorphostigma auricolor should be transferred to Ischnura. However, this has not been fully justified. More recent molecular studies are in favour of Amorphostigma retaining a separate generic status based on morphology (Marinov, M., pers. comm.)" 83125587,Ischnura taitensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,taitensis,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 83154171,Indolestes cheesmanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,cheesmanae,,,,,"(Kimmins, 1936)", 83127143,Melanesobasis flavilabris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Melanesobasis,flavilabris,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)", 83151044,Vanuatubasis bidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Vanuatubasis,bidens,,,,,"(Kimmins, 1958)", 83304828,Gynacantha amphora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,amphora,,,,,"Marinov & Theischinger, 2012", 83305323,Guadalca insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Guadalca,insularis,,,,,"Kimmins, 1957", 83129425,Pacificagrion lachrymosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pacificagrion,lachrymosa,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 83127186,Melanesobasis prolixa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Melanesobasis,prolixa,,,,,"Donnelly, 1984", 83306426,Hemicordulia tau,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,tau,,,,,"Selys, 1871","Houston & Watson (1988) give the synonym Cordulia (Hemicordulia) tau, since the incorrect spelling of Hermicordulia was given in the original description." 167183,Tramea transmarina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,transmarina,,,,,"Brauer, 1867","The type locality for Tramea transmarina transmarina Brauer, 1867 is Fiji. There are several subspecies T. t. euryale Selys, 1878, T. t. intersecta Lieftinck, 1975, T .t. propinqua Lieftinck, 1942 and T. t. yayeyamana Asahina, 1964. The various subspecies vary in the amount of colouration at the basal hind wing, with T. t. euryale possessing a small dark marking from base to anal crossing (Ac). In T. t. propinqua the hindwings have a small dark brown marking which extends from middle of 1st and 2nd antenodal veins to distal margin of arc. The hindwing basal dark marking of T. t. yayeyamana are even more extensive than T. t. propinqua.  T. t. intersecta has an isolated almost pair-shaped spot in the hindwing anal field (Lieftinck 1975). Lieftinck (1975) confirmed that there can be no doubt that T. t. intersecta and other Oriental forms of the limbata-group having a more western distribution (i.e. euryale and propinqua) are subspecies of transmarina. Whether all of these forms represent synonyms or subspecies is a taxonomic minefield. In the Philippines T. transmarina has been recorded by Needham and Gyger (1937) as Tramea limbata.

Trapezostigma loewii (Kaup, 1866), a species widespread in northern and eastern coastal areas of Australia, has recently been reconsigned as a synonym of Tramea transmarina (Rowe et al. 2011).
" 167187,Nannophya pygmaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophya,pygmaea,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 83305841,Hemicordulia haluco,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,haluco,,,,,"Asahina, 1940", 167199,Pseudagrion microcephalum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,microcephalum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","A subspecies, P. m. stainbergerorum Marinov, 2012 is known from the Kingdom of Tonga." 83127219,Melanesobasis simmondsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Melanesobasis,simmondsi,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1924)", 83150405,Teinobasis nigrolutea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,nigrolutea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 83127651,Nesobasis flavifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,flavifrons,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 83127661,Nesobasis heteroneura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,heteroneura,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 83148526,Teinobasis chionopleura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,chionopleura,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 83304904,Gynacantha rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,rosenbergi,,,,,"Brauer, 1867", 83125489,Ischnura sanguinostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,sanguinostigma,,,,,"Fraser, 1953", 83127657,Nesobasis flavostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,flavostigma,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 83149869,Teinobasis fatakula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,fatakula,,,,,"Marinov & Donnelly, 2013", 83125485,Ischnura rurutana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,rurutana,,,,,"Englund & Polhemus, 2010", 83129373,Nesobasis telegastrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,telegastrum,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 83127679,Nesobasis ingens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,ingens,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 167168,Anaciaeschna jaspidea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,jaspidea,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 83153638,Cnemisticta latilobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Cnemisticta,latilobata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1993", 163851,Lieftinckia lairdi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lieftinckia,lairdi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 83026908,Eoargiolestes ochraceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Eoargiolestes,ochraceus,,,,,"(Montrousier, 1864)", 83129238,Nesobasis recava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,recava,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 83126755,Melanesobasis corniculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Melanesobasis,corniculata,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1924)", 50960451,Anax piraticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,piraticus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1934", 163871,Hemicordulia australiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,australiae,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 83124880,Ischnura heterosticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,heterosticta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","

Ischnura torresiana Tillyard, 1913 was synonymised with I. heterosticta by Watson (1976). A subspecies I. h. tasmanica Tillyard, 1913 is recognized from Tasmania.

" 83129202,Nesobasis pedata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,pedata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 83356994,Agrionoptera sanguinolenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,sanguinolenta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 165470,Orthetrum sabina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,sabina,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)","A subspecies Orthetrum sabina viduatum Lieftinck, 1942, has been described from the highlands of central New Guinea. It is sometimes regarded as a synonym of O. sabina (Drury, 1773) (http://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list/). A genetic study of the species throughout its huge range is needed to understand its variability and possible subspeciation." 83028791,Rhinocypha tincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,tincta,,,,,"Rambur, 1842","

A number of subspecies of Rhinocypha tincta are usually recognised: R.t. adusta Lieftinck, 1949, R.t. amanda Lieftinck, 1938, R.t. dentiplaga Lieftinck, 1938, R.t. retrograda Lieftinck, 1938, R.t. sagitta Lieftinck, 1938 and R.t. semitincta Selys, 1869 as well as R.t. tincta.

" 83126249,Melanesobasis bicellulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Melanesobasis,bicellulare,,,,,"Donnelly, 1984", 50959558,Anax gibbosulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,gibbosulus,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 163918,Ceriagrion aeruginosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,aeruginosum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1869)", 83152195,Vanuatubasis santoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Vanuatubasis,santoensis,,,,,"Ober & Staniczek, 2009", 83150301,Teinobasis imitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,imitans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 83125390,Ischnura jeanyvesmeyeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,jeanyvesmeyeri,,,,,"Englund & Polhemus, 2010", 83127796,Nesobasis longistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,longistyla,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 163911,Camacinia othello,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Camacinia,othello,,,,,"Tillyard, 1908", 163905,Lieftinckia ramosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lieftinckia,ramosa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 163907,Hivaagrion demorsum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Hivaagrion,demorsum,,,,,"(Needham, 1935)",Known only from the description of two males and a doubtfully conspecific female. 83154656,Lieftinckia malaitae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lieftinckia,malaitae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 83125394,Ischnura luta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,luta,,,,,"Polhemus, Asquith & Miller, 2000", 83356900,Agrionoptera cardinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,cardinalis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 83127784,Nesobasis leveri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,leveri,,,,,"Kimmins, 1943", 83130695,Pseudagrion pacificum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,pacificum,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 163884,Brachydiplax duivenbodei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachydiplax,duivenbodei,,,,,"(Brauer, 1866)", 83129270,Nesobasis selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,selysi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 163927,Agrionoptera similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,similis,,,,,"Selys, 1879",Often regarded as a subspecies of Agrionoptera insignis. The taxonomy of the different subspecies and their distribution is poorly known. 83027890,Wahnesia gizo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,gizo,,,,,"(Kalkman, 2008)", 83154600,Lieftinckia isabellae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lieftinckia,isabellae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 1781,Antipodochlora braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Antipodochlora,braueri,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 163876,Rhinocypha liberata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,liberata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 83305969,Hemicordulia hilaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,hilaris,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1975", 163899,Brachydiplax denticauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachydiplax,denticauda,,,,,"(Brauer, 1867)", 163896,Tapeinothemis boharti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tapeinothemis,boharti,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1950", 83130716,Pseudagrion palauense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,palauense,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 163893,Teinobasis simulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,simulans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 83127815,Nesobasis malcolmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,malcolmi,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 83024503,Caledargiolestes uniseries,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Caledargiolestes,uniseries,,,,,"(Ris, 1915)", 83306195,Hemicordulia pacifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,pacifica,,,,,"Fraser, 1925", 83304570,Agyrtacantha browni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Agyrtacantha,browni,,,,,"Marinov & Theischinger, 2012", 167478,Macrodiplax cora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrodiplax,cora,,,,,"(Kaup in Brauer, 1867)", 83306480,Procordulia irregularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,irregularis,,,,,"Martin, 1907", 158655,Hemicordulia mumfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,mumfordi,,,,,"Needham, 1933", 158656,Lestes concinnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,concinnus,,,,,"Hagen, 1862", 158653,Gynacantha stevensoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,stevensoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 158654,Hypothemis hageni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hypothemis,hageni,,,,,"Karsch, 1889", 158652,Isosticta spinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Isosticta,spinipes,,,,,"Selys, 1885", 159122,Drepanosticta palauensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,palauensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 158649,Hemicordulia lulico,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,lulico,,,,,"Asahina, 1940", 158650,Synthemis miranda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,miranda,,,,,"Selys, 1871",Family Synthemistidae is sometimes treated as a subfamily of Corduliidae. 159124,Teinobasis ariel,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,ariel,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 83130744,Teinobasis aerides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,aerides,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 83130767,Teinobasis aluensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,aluensis,,,,,"Campion, 1924", 158672,Nesobasis rufostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,rufostigma,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 158666,Hivaagrion halecarpenteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Hivaagrion,halecarpenteri,,,,,"(Mumford, 1942)","Described as Coenagrion interruptum by Needham (1932), but that name was preoccupied. Polhemus et al. (2000) suggested that the genus Bedfordia should be reinstated for this species, together with Pseudagrion demorsum, but they made no formal proposal to do that. If these two species are in a genus endemic to the Marquesas, it gives them higher conservation status." 158665,Trineuragrion percostale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Trineuragrion,percostale,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 83154406,Indolestes vitiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,vitiensis,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1924)", 158668,Metaphya elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Metaphya,elongata,,,,,"Campion, 1921", 83153921,Isosticta robustior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Isosticta,robustior,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 158667,Synthemis campioni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,campioni,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1971",Family Synthemistidae is sometimes treated as a subfamily of Corduliidae. 158662,Caledargiolestes janiceae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Caledargiolestes,janiceae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1975", 158661,Procordulia smithii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,smithii,,,,,"(White, 1846)", 158664,Ischnura pamelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,pamelae,,,,,"Vick & Davies, 1988", 158663,Caledopteryx sarasini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Caledopteryx,sarasini,,,,,"(Ris, 1915)", 158658,Caledopteryx maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Caledopteryx,maculata,,,,,"Winstanley & Davies, 1982", 158660,Hemicordulia fidelis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,fidelis,,,,,"McLachlan, 1886", 83305070,Oreaeschna dominatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oreaeschna,dominatrix,,,,,"Vick & Davies, 1990", 158677,Ischnura albistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,albistigma,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 158678,Gynacantha apiaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,apiaensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 158679,Ischnura buxtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,buxtoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 83127465,Nesobasis brachycerca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,brachycerca,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 83152978,Xiphiagrion cyanomelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Xiphiagrion,cyanomelas,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 158673,Hemicordulia oceanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,oceanica,,,,,"Selys, 1871", 158674,Pacificagrion dolorosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pacificagrion,dolorosa,,,,,"Fraser, 1953", 83152243,Xanthagrion erythroneurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Xanthagrion,erythroneurum,,,,,"Selys, 1876","Xanthagrion was first introduced as Sous-genre 14 of the genus Agrion thus causing Houston and Watson (1988) to bracket the citation of Xanthagrion erythroneurum (Selys, 1876)" 158675,Pseudagrion samoense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,samoense,,,,,"Fraser, 1925", 158676,Melanesobasis maculosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Melanesobasis,maculosa,,,,,"Donnelly, 1984", 60050,Tramea limbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,limbata,,,,,"(Desjardins, 1832)","This species is sometimes placed in Trapezostigma, which should be treated as a synonym of Tramea (Dijkstra et al. 2005)." 83153954,Isosticta tillyardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Isosticta,tillyardi,,,,,"Campion, 1921", 83033773,Agriocnemis exsudans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,exsudans,,,,,"Selys, 1877", 83130803,Teinobasis budeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,budeni,,,,,"Paulson, 2003", 83305580,Hemicordulia assimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,assimilis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1871", 83150158,Teinobasis fortis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,fortis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 83357027,Crocothemis nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Kirby, 1894)", 62181,Hemicordulia mindana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,mindana,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1937", 60048,Tholymis tillarga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tholymis,tillarga,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 83130827,Teinobasis carolinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,carolinensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 83357088,Diplacodes haematodes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,haematodes,,,,,"Burmeister, 1839", 83124809,Ischnura haemastigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,haemastigma,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 83127419,Nesobasis aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,aurantiaca,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 83127398,Nesobasis angulicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,angulicollis,,,,,"Tillyard, 1924", 169347,Vanuatubasis malekulana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Vanuatubasis,malekulana,,,,,"(Kimmins, 1936)", 83027273,Solomonargiolestes malaita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Solomonargiolestes,malaita,,,,,"(Kalkman, 2008)", 167488,Neurothemis fluctuans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,fluctuans,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 158657,Neurothemis terminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,terminata,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 83369732,Orthetrum caledonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,caledonicum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 83369839,Orthetrum villosovittatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,villosovittatum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 83370020,Pacificothemis esakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pacificothemis,esakii,,,,,"Asahina, 1940", 83370076,Rhyothemis graphiptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,graphiptera,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 167448,Rhyothemis phyllis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,phyllis,,,,,"(Sulzer, 1776)","

Many subspecies of R. phyllis have been recognised at various times and places: R. p. apicalis Kirby, 1889, R. p. beatricis Lieftinck, 1942, R. p. chloe Kirby, 1894, R. p. dispar Brauer, 1867, R. p. ixias Lieftinck, 1953, R. p. marginata Ris, 1913, R. p. obscura Selys 1878, R. p. snelleni Selys, 1878, R. p. subphyllis Selys, 1882, R. p. vitellina Brauer, 1868; the whole complex needs revision.

" 83370558,Rhyothemis regia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,regia,,,,,"(Brauer, 1867)", 167133,Rhyothemis variegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,variegata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1763)","Besides the nominate subspecies, two other subspecies are recognised, R. v. arria from China and Vietnam, and R. v. imperatrix from Japan." 83370603,Tramea eurybia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,eurybia,,,,,"Selys, 1878","A subspecies of Tramea eurybia, T. e. monticola Lieftinck, 1942 is known from altitudes above 1,600 m in central New Guinea." 83370622,Tramea liberata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,liberata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 83370801,Eusynthemis frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,frontalis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 83370890,Synthemis fenella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,fenella,,,,,"Campion, 1921", 83370908,Synthemis montaguei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,montaguei,,,,,"Campion, 1921", 83370926,Synthemis pamelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,pamelae,,,,,"Davies, 2002", 83371005,Synthemis serendipita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,serendipita,,,,,"Winstanley, 1984", 7013,Echiopsis curta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Echiopsis,curta,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 2417,Austrelaps labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Austrelaps,labialis,,,,,"(Jan, 1859)", 176703,Cerberus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Cerberus,australis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 8767,Furina dunmalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Furina,dunmalli,,,,,"(Worrell, 1955)", 176694,Fordonia leucobalia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Fordonia,leucobalia,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 7122,Elapognathus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapognathus,minor,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 177484,Demansia torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,torquata,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 177527,Drysdalia mastersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Drysdalia,mastersii,,,,,"(Krefft, 1866)", 178747,Cryptophis pallidiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cryptophis,pallidiceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 177569,Drysdalia rhodogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Drysdalia,rhodogaster,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 83410038,Amphibolurus muricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Amphibolurus,muricatus,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 83410049,Chelosania brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Chelosania,brunnea,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 83410052,Ctenophorus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,rufescens,,,,,"(Stirling & Zietz, 1893)", 83410059,Ctenophorus adelaidensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,adelaidensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 83410072,Ctenophorus butlerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,butlerorum,,,,,"(Storr, 1977)", 83410085,Ctenophorus caudicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,caudicinctus,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)", 83410096,Ctenophorus chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,chapmani,,,,,"(Storr, 1977)", 83410105,Ctenophorus clayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,clayi,,,,,"(Storr, 1967)","An isolated subpopulation in the Northwest Cape is morphologically identical to subpopulations elsewhere (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017), but genetic research is needed to confirm that it is conspecific." 83410114,Ctenophorus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,cristatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 83410125,Ctenophorus decresii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,decresii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)",Populations from the Barossa Valley southward are characterized by different throat color in males and appear to be genetically distinct from and have limited contact with the northern part of its range. 83410134,Ctenophorus femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,femoralis,,,,,"(Storr, 1965)", 83410143,Ctenophorus fionni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,fionni,,,,,"(Procter, 1923)", 83410150,Ctenophorus fordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,fordi,,,,,"(Storr, 1965)","Edwards et al. (2015) identified multiple lineages within this species, but no taxonomic revision has yet been undertaken." 83410159,Ctenophorus gibba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,gibba,,,,,"(Houston, 1974)", 83410166,Ctenophorus isolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,isolepis,,,,,"(Fischer, 1881)",A taxonomic revision of this species complex has recently been undertaken and is likely to be published in the near future (J. Melville pers. comm. 2017). 83410177,Ctenophorus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,maculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Genetic work has revealed that this is a species complex, however, additional work is required to revise the taxonomy." 83410188,Ctenophorus mckenziei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,mckenziei,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 83410195,Ctenophorus mirrityana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,mirrityana,,,,,"McLean, Moussalli, Sass & Stuart-Fox, 2013", 83410198,Ctenophorus nguyarna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,nguyarna,,,,,"Doughty, Maryan, Melville & Austin, 2007", 83410201,Ctenophorus parviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,parviceps,,,,,"(Storr, 1964)", 83457578,Octopus minor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Octopus,minor,,,,,"(Sasaki, 1920)","The genus Octopus is currently under taxonomic revision. It is for this reason that the species originally treated under the genus name Octopus have provisionally remained as such until they are reviewed.
Jereb et al. (2014) state that ‘Octopus’ minor is in urgent need of review, given that it is highly likely ""that this name is being applied to a suite of related soft-bodied, long-armed species from the cooler waters of Russia and northern Japan to the warmer waters of southern coastal China"". As such, taxonomic review is urgently needed to resolve the distribution of this species." 83478083,Peripodisma llofizii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Peripodisma,llofizii,,,,,"Lemonnier-Darcemont & Darcemont, 2015", 83478691,Deroceras invadens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,invadens,,,,,"Reise, Hutchinson, Schunack & Schlitt, 2011", 83479920,Oxychilus paulucciae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,paulucciae,,,,,"(De Stefani, 1883)","Oxychilus lanzai was described by Forcart (1976) and placed in the subgenus Oxychilus by virtue of the inner ornamentation of the penis. Later on, it revealed to be a wrong interpretation, as the preparations of genitalia performed by Forcart on glass slides deformed the real structure. The species is now considered to belong to subgenus Ortizius (Manganelli et al. 2004). This species was then regarded as a junior synonym of O. paulucciae by virtue of morphological and molecular studies performed on topotypical material (Manganelli et al. 2004)." 83487882,Ctenophorus rubens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,rubens,,,,,"(Storr, 1965)", 83488800,Ctenophorus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,pictus,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)", 83488912,Ctenophorus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 83489178,Ctenophorus salinarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,salinarum,,,,,"Storr, 1966", 83489494,Ctenophorus scutulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,scutulatus,,,,,"(Stirling & Zietz, 1893)", 83489886,Ctenophorus vadnappa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,vadnappa,,,,,"Houston, 1974", 83491485,Diporiphora adductus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,adductus,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley & Melville, 2012", 83491527,Diporiphora ameliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,ameliae,,,,,"Emmott, Couper, Melville & Chapple, 2012", 83491681,Diporiphora amphiboluroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,amphiboluroides,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1902", 83491748,Diporiphora paraconvergens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,paraconvergens,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley & Melville, 2012", 83491786,Diporiphora vescus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diporiphora,vescus,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley & Melville, 2012", 83492011,Moloch horridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Moloch,horridus,,,,,"Gray, 1841", 170419,Pogona barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pogona,barbata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 83493462,Pogona henrylawsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pogona,henrylawsoni,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 83493478,Pogona microlepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pogona,microlepidota,,,,,"(Glauert, 1952)", 83493552,Pogona minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pogona,minor,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1919)","Preliminary, unpublished genetic work indicates that this and related species may be in need of revision (J. Melville pers. comm. 2017)" 83494264,Pogona nullarbor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pogona,nullarbor,,,,,"(Badham, 1976)", 83494364,Pogona vitticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pogona,vitticeps,,,,,"(Ahl, 1926)", 176219,Rankinia diemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Rankinia,diemensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 62226,Tympanocryptis lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,lineata,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 22579,Tympanocryptis pinguicolla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,pinguicolla,,,,,"Mitchell, 1948","Recent genetic analysis indicates that disjunct records from the Monaro Tablelands in New South Wales represent a distinct population (Scott and Keogh 2000, Melville et al. 2007), but no formal taxonomic action has yet been taken. Records from the Darling Downs in Queensland have been described as the distinct species Tympanocryptus condaminensis (Melville et al. 2014)." 176222,Tympanocryptis uniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,uniformis,,,,,"Mitchell, 1948","Tympanocryptis uniformis is definitively known only from the holotype, putatively collected from ""near Darwin"" in 1911. Storr (1964) identified a specimen from the Western Kimberley as T. uniformis in a revision of Tympanocryptis in Western Australia, but in a subsequent genus-wide revision he reassigned this specimen to T. lineata centralis (Storr 1982). Wilson and Knowles (1988) reported T. uniformis from the Top End on the basis of a photograph, but without directly comparing this image with the holotype.

A subsequent visit to this locality found that the colour morph reported by Wilson and Knowles (1988) was genetically indistinguishable from T. macra (J. Melville, unpubl. data). J. Melville (unpubl. data) consequently considered T. l. macra, described by Storr (1982), as a junior synonym of T. uniformis, and this opinion has subsequently been adopted inconsistently in recent field guides at least one of which (Cogger 2014) retains the concept adopted by Storr (1964) of a species ranging from near Darwin to the Kimberley.

This attribution was apparently made without examination of the T. uniformis holotype (which also appears not to have been examined by Storr 1982 in his description of T. l. macra), and the original description of T. l. macra is consistent with the population both Wilson and Knowles (1988) and J. Melville (unpubl. data) referred to as T. uniformis (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). It is consequently unclear whether the population examined by Melville represents T. uniformis (in which case this name is a senior synonym of the species presently known as T. l. macra) or whether T. uniformis is a valid species that has not been recorded for more than a century. This issue is complicated by the smaller size of the T. uniformis holotype than T. l. macra, which implies that if it is conspecific with T. l. macra it represents a subadult specimen (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 83494912,Tympanocryptis centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,centralis,,,,,"Sternfeld, 1925",This group is undergoing taxonomic revision (J. Melville pers. comm. 2017). 83494937,Tympanocryptis cephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,cephalus,,,,,"Günther, 1867","This species has recently been split into five separate species: Tympanocryptis cephalus, T. gigas, T. diabolicus; T. fortescuensis; and T. pseudopsephos (Doughty et al. 2015)." 83494956,Tympanocryptis condaminensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,condaminensis,,,,,"Melville, Smith, Hobson, Hunjan & Shoo, 2014","The name Tympanocryptis condaminensis was erected by Melville et al. (2014) for the subpopulation of T. pinguicolla found in the Darling Downs, on the basis of genetic evidence that the two taxa are specifically distinct." 83494969,Tympanocryptis houstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,houstoni,,,,,"Storr, 1982", 83494999,Tympanocryptis intima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,intima,,,,,"Mitchell, 1948", 83495086,Tympanocryptis pentalineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,pentalineata,,,,,"Melville, Smith, Hobson, Hunjan & Shoo, 2014", 83495150,Tympanocryptis wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,wilsoni,,,,,"Melville, Smith, Hobson, Hunjan & Shoo, 2014", 83495188,Tympanocryptis tetraporophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,tetraporophora,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1895","Melville et al. (2014) identified at least four genetic lineages which what was then considered the single species Tympanocryptis tetraporophora, three of which were described in this paper as the new species T. wilsoni, T. condaminensis and T. pentalineata. These authors refrained from describing the fourth lineage, calling for further work to resolve the taxonomy of this clade, and it is possible that further taxonomic issues remain." 11661,Parabotia curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,curtus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","Parabotia curtus was originally described as Cobitis curta by Temminck & Schlegel (1846). After changes in the generic position, the species is included in Parabotia in the latest references. Because the gender of Parabotia is determined as masculine (see Kottelat 2012), Parabotia curtus (not curta) is currently used. Parabotia curtus is undoubtedly endemic to Japan, although an uncertain record of this species exists from southern China (see Watanabe et al. 2009). The species is included in the subfamily Botiinae of the family Cobitidae. Some recent references use the family name of Botiidae, based on the morphology and molecular phylogeny (e.g., Nalbant 2002, Šlechtová et al. 2006, Watanabe et al. 2009)." 17518,Cornufer vitianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,vitianus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)", 83683094,Dermanura bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,bogotensis,,,,,"Andersen, 1906","Previously, it was considered a subspecies of D. glauca (Simmons 2005) but phylogenetic analyses (Lim et al. 2008, Solari et al. 2009) proved they are different species." 83683265,Dermanura rava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,rava,,,,,"Miller, 1902",Previously this was assessed as the subspecies D. phaeotis rava. It has now been raised to species level (Solari et al. 2009). 191834,Centropomus poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,poeyi,,,,,"Chávez, 1961", 176714,Aipysurus foliosquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,foliosquama,,,,,"Smith, 1926",Kharin (1981) recognized two subgenera in the genus Aipysurus: Aipysurus and Smithohydrophis. He included Aipysurus foliosquama in Smithohydrophis (Kharin 1981). 2176,Aspidites ramsayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Aspidites,ramsayi,,,,,"(Macleay, 1882)", 132475824,Aipysurus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,laevis,,,,,"Lacépède, 1804","Molecular data indicate strong population subdivision around Australia between the Great Barrier Reef, Gulf of Carpentaria and Timor Sea Reefs (Lukoschek et al. 2007, 2008). In addition, there is a deep genetic divergence along the west Australian coastline between populations that occur in the offshore Timor Sea reefs and coastal populations that occur in Broome (Lukoschek unpublished data) and potentially further south. Some specimens from Western Australia are included in the species Aipysurus pooleorum. However, the taxonomic status between A. pooleorum and A. laevis need to be investigated. Microsatellite markers for A. fuscus and A. laevis sampled across four Timor Sea reefs were analysed to assess evidence for recent inter-specific gene flow and historical introgression (Sanders et al. 2014). The data fit an Isolation–Migration model, which showed significant and asymmetrical levels of gene flow following species divergence, and that the highest rates of introgression from the large A. laevis population into the much smaller A. fuscus population (Sanders et al. 2014). Population assignment analyses recovered two ancestral clusters that broadly corresponded to morphological species designations, but revealed high frequencies of hybrids on all four reefs and individuals of pure A. fuscus ancestry only at Scott and (historically) Ashmore. Most unexpectedly, 95% of snakes sampled at Hibernia were hybrids that resembled A. laevis in phenotype (morphology), revealing a collapse of reproductive barriers (‘reverse speciation’) at this reef. These results have dire implications for the conservation status of A. fuscus, and highlight the fragility of reproductive barriers in a recent marine radiation (Sanders et al. 2014)." 177902,Vermicella snelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Vermicella,snelli,,,,,"Storr, 1968", 177490,Simoselaps littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Simoselaps,littoralis,,,,,"(Storr, 1968)", 169687,Notechis scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Notechis,scutatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)","Several names included within this taxon are sometimes considered full species or subspecies. Notechis s. scutatus (southeastern Australia) and N. s. occidentalis (southwestern Western Australia) are both recognized as subspecies by Uetz (2017). Several additional names included within the synonymy of N. scutatus are considered subspecies by Cogger (2014): N. ater (Flinders Ranges), N. niger (Kangaroo Island and other offshore islands of South Australia), N. a. serventyi (Chappel Island, Furneaux Group, Bass Strait, Tasmania) and N. a. humphreysi (King and nearby islands, Bass Strait, Tasmania). Clarification of subspecific boundaries in this taxon is required (N. Clemann pers. comm. 2017)." 178506,Rhinoplocephalus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Rhinoplocephalus,bicolor,,,,,"Müller, 1885", 176770,Aipysurus apraefrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,apraefrontalis,,,,,"Smith, 1926",Kharin (1981) recognized two subgenera in the genus Aipysurus: Aipysurus and Smithohydrophis. He included A. apraefrontalis in Smithohydrophis (Kharin 1981). 6488,Denisonia maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Denisonia,maculata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 177574,Hoplocephalus stephensii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hoplocephalus,stephensii,,,,,"Krefft, 1869", 10246,Hoplocephalus bungaroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hoplocephalus,bungaroides,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 19107,Ramphotyphlops exocoeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,exocoeti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 46104895,Corvula batabana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Corvula,batabana,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)", 83776644,Liasis mackloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Liasis,mackloti,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1844","The taxonomic history and range limits of Liasis mackloti are complex and still not fully resolved (Rawlings et al. 2004, D. Esquerre pers. comm. 2018). Confusion over range limits in Liasis fuscus, which was long considered a junior synonym of L. mackloti following Stuhl (1932), has resulted in a lack of clarity of the eastern and southern range limits of L. mackloti. Based on limited mtDNA sampling, Rawlings et al. (2004) found that Australian water pythons are divided into two clades, representing L. fuscus in Queensland and New Guinea and L. mackloti in the Northern Territory and the Indonesian islands Babar, Timor and Semau. Nevertheless, Australian workers have continued to recognize only a single water python species in this country pending resolution of taxonomic problems (Cogger 2014, Wilson and Swan 2017). New Guinean records have been attributed either to L. fuscus (McDowell 1975, Barker and Barker 1994, Barker et al. 2018) or to L. mackloti (O'Shea 2007, Cogger 2014). Carmichael et al. (2007) regard L. mackloti as an island endemic consisting of the subspecies L. m. mackloti, L. m. savuensis and L. m. dunni, excluding New Guinea from the distribution. These authors note that the three subspecies are allopatric and exhibit no evidence of hybridization. Rawlings et al. (2004) reported molecular evidence that the Sawu population, L. m. savuensis, may warrant specific recognition. Recently, both L. savuensis and L. dunni have been recognized as valid species (Barker et al. 2015, D. Esquerre pers. comm. 2018). Following these taxonomic changes L. mackloti is restricted to Timor, Roti, Semau and Alor (Barker et al. 2015), and further research may reveal that its range should be extended to the Northern Territory in northern Australia." 83777277,Varanus auffenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,auffenbergi,,,,,"Sprackland, 1999","The taxonomy of Varanus timorensis and V. auffenbergi from Roti Island is unresolved, and the occurrence of V. timorensis on this island is in need of clarification (E. Arida and S. Reilly pers. comm. 2019). Unpublished data suggest that V. auffenbergi represents a subspecies of V. timorensis (A. Koch pers. comm. 2019).

" 47147582,Cynoscion similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,similis,,,,,"Randall & Cervigón, 1968", 83777607,Varanus caerulivirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,caerulivirens,,,,,"Ziegler, Böhme & Philipp, 1999", 83777732,Varanus dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,dumerilii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1839", 178028,Varanus glauerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,glauerti,,,,,"Mertens, 1957","It is likely that this species as it is currently known represents a complex of two species, although the potential new species from Kakadu has not yet been named (Sweet 2004; E. Pianka pers. comm.)." 83778217,Varanus lirungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,lirungensis,,,,,"Koch, Arida, Schmitz, Böhme & Ziegler, 2009", 83778224,Varanus melinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,melinus,,,,,"Böhme & Ziegler, 1997", 83778314,Varanus obor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,obor,,,,,"Weijola & Sweet, 2010",

This taxon could be considered a subspecies of Varanus melinus due to its morphological similarity and parapatric distribution (A. Koch pers. comm. 2019).

83778466,Varanus rainerguentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,rainerguentheri,,,,,"Ziegler, Böhme & Schmitz, 2007","Prior to their scientific description, populations now assigned to this species were allocated to Varanus indicus. There is some evidence from genetic studies that the Buru subpopulation is not referable to V. rainerguentheri, and instead represents another member of the V. indicus complex (Weijola and Sweet 2015)." 83778529,Varanus rudicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,rudicollis,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 83779000,Varanus togianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,togianus,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)","Prior to their elevation to species status (Koch et al. 2007), these monitors were treated as a subspecies of Varanus salvator (Mertens 1942, Böhme 2003). The various subpopulations on Sulawesi and its off-shore islands show considerable intraspecific variation in colour pattern (Auliya and Koch 2020). Further taxonomic investigations are needed (Koch and Arida, unpubl. data)." 83779141,Varanus zugorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,zugorum,,,,,"Böhme & Ziegler, 2005", 187927728,Amplirhagada astuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,astuta,,,,,"(Iredale, 1939)","Originally described from Koolan Island, this species is poorly described and therefore it's delineation has remained dubious. Material from additional, nearby islands has tentatively been assigned to this species by Köhler (2011)." 187889681,Amplirhagada elevata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,elevata,,,,,"Solem, 1981",The species name Amplirhagada elevata has been used in museum collections for material of various similar species. The only confirmed record of this species is that from the type locality. 1175,Amplirhagada herbertena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,herbertena,,,,,"Iredale, 1939","The holotype collected by H. Basedow in the early 20th century at an unspecified locality in the Buccaneer Archipelago, West Kimberley, is the only known specimen of this species  (Iredale, 1939; Solem, 1981). This specimen is a single worn and badly damaged shell. Solem (1981) considered the material adequate for description of a new species in the context of known variation in other species. However, this species has never been re-collected. 

Because the exact whereabouts of the holotype will remain unknown, the identity of this species remains elusive.

" 5081,Coenagrion mercuriale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,mercuriale,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)",The record of this species under Coenagrion castellanii from Morocco is definitely incorrect and is due to a confusion of either C. scitulum or C. caerulescens with C. mercuriale. 16110,Paragomphus sinaiticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,sinaiticus,,,,,"(Morton, 1929)", 22817,Urothemis thomasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,thomasi,,,,,"Longfield, 1932",Genetic studies are in need for confirmation of the conspecificity of the Omanian (U. thomasi) and Somalian (U. t. aethiopica) populations. 59786,Acisoma trifidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Acisoma,trifidum,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 59792,Aethiothemis solitaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,solitaria,,,,,"Ris in Martin, 1908","The solitaria complex includes carpenteri, discrepans and mediofasciata. The taxonomy for this complex is not clear." 59793,Aethriamanta rezia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethriamanta,rezia,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 59817,Atoconeura kenya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Atoconeura,kenya,,,,,"Longfield, 1953", 59842,Allocnemis pauli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,pauli,,,,,"(Longfield, 1936)", 59859,Crocothemis erythraea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,erythraea,,,,,"(Brullé, 1832)", 59864,Diplacodes lefebvrii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,lefebvrii,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",The species name is often misspelt as Diplacodes lefebvrei. 59882,Hadrothemis camarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hadrothemis,camarensis,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 59902,Lestes pallidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,pallidus,,,,,"Rambur, 1842","This species has been confused in the past with Lestes ochraceus and L. ictericus (Gambles 1976) and records must be revised carefully." 59910,Aethiothemis coryndoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,coryndoni,,,,,"(Fraser, 1953)", 59921,Nesciothemis farinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesciothemis,farinosa,,,,,"(Förster, 1898)", 59948,Orthetrum abbotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,abbotti,,,,,"Calvert, 1862", 59952,Orthetrum caffrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,caffrum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)",

In Africa it is often confused with Orthetrum camerunense.

59954,Orthetrum chrysostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,chrysostigma,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 59958,Orthetrum julia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,julia,,,,,"Kirby, 1900",The paler subspecies falsum occurs in East Africa and parts of Southern Africa. 59965,Orthetrum trinacria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,trinacria,,,,,"(Selys, 1841)","

Subpopulations from Iraq and Kuwait have been ascribed to a poorly defined subspecies, Orthetrum trinacria igarashii Asahina, 1973. Its taxonomic status needs clarification.

" 59967,Palpopleura deceptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palpopleura,deceptor,,,,,"(Calvert, 1899)", 59976,Paragomphus genei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,genei,,,,,"(Selys, 1841)","Melanic insular subpopulations from the Anjouan island have been described as a distinct subspecies, Paragomphus genei ndzuaniensis Levasseur, 2007. As similar subpopulations are known in mainland Africa, more genetic research should be done before validating such subspecific division, which was done based on very weak criteria and without taking the variability of other subpopulations into account." 60019,Pseudagrion hamoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,hamoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1955",This widely distributed and abundant species is often misidentified and confused with similar taxa. 60022,Pseudagrion kersteni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,kersteni,,,,,"(Gerstäcker, 1869)",
 60033,Pseudagrion sublacteum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,sublacteum,,,,,"(Karsch, 1893)","The small dark form, rusingae, occurs on the northern shores and islands of Lake Victoria.

Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species belongs to group B." 60035,Pseudagrion torridum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,torridum,,,,,"Selys, 1876","The nominal subspecies is distributed in Africa south of the Sahara, the Nile Valley and in Sinai. A paler subspecies, Pseudagrion torridum hulae Dumont, 1974, is said to be restricted to the upper Jordan Valley (Dumont 1974, Dumont 1979, Schneider 1986, Schneider 1987). The only difference to specimens from the Nile and Sinai is their paler colouration, a variation also found in sub-Saharan subpopulations. As there are also no morphological differences, the Levantine subpopulations are no longer regarded as a distinct subspecies." 60037,Rhyothemis semihyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,semihyalina,,,,,"(Desjardins, 1832)","The nominotypical subspecies is restricted to Mauritius Islands and is defined by small dark patches at the base of the forewings and the dark area of the hindwings reaching the nodus. The subspecies Rhyothemis semihyalina separata (Selys, 1849) extends over the whole continental African and Arabian range of the species and is defined by forewings lacking dark patches at base (totally hyaline) and the dark area of the hindwings not reaching the nodus.

Another subspecies, R. s. syriaca (Selys, 1849) was described from the Jordan Valley, where it was supposedly endemic (and is now extinct), and was defined by a dark area at the base of hindwings which do not reach the nodus and where the last row of cells on the posterior wing margin remains hyaline.

Such criteria used for subspecific separation are very weak and lack of true statistical basis, and there is some evidences that individuals from Gabon, Namibia and Madagascar may show a dark patch at the base of forewings and a dark area in hindwings reaching or not the nodus (i.e. <http://www.africa-dragonfly.net/pics/a488/P1010356.jpg>, Pinhey 1962, Suhling and Martens 2007). That suggests a stronger intraspecific variability than initially expected. 

Therefore, most researchers do not retain this subspecific splitting, which is unlikely in such nomadic species, and further genetic study throughout this species range is needed." 60049,Tramea basilaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,basilaris,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1807)","This species is sometimes placed in Trapezostigma, which is a synonym of Tramea." 60052,Trithemis annulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,annulata,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1807)","Libellula haematina Rambur, 1842, described from Senegal and Madagascar, and claimed to be occurring in La Réunion, Mauritius and Sicily, represents the infraspecific variability and cannot be accepted as a valid taxon despite the treatment published by Ris (1912)." 60053,Trithemis arteriosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,arteriosa,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)",Trithemis jacksoni is a synonym (Dijkstra unpubl.). 60058,Trithemis furva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,furva,,,,,"Karsch, 1899","The occurrence of Trithemis furva in west Africa is uncertain due to possible confusion with T. pruinata, which appears commoner in the west but rarer in the east and south Africa." 60062,Trithemis kirbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,kirbyi,,,,,"Selys, 1891","

The former splitting into a nominotypical form and a subspecies Trithemis kirbyi ardens (Gerstäcker, 1891) is currently challenged because of different opinions on biogeographic interpretation in the distribution of phenotypes.

" 60073,Urothemis edwardsii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,edwardsii,,,,,"(Selys, 1849)","The subspecies Urothemis edwardsii hulae Dumont, 1975, described from the upper Jordan Valley, falls within the variation range of the African and Arabian subpopulations (Samraoui et al. 1993) and is no longer recognized as valid." 60078,Zygonyx torridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,torridus,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)","It is still often misspelt as Zygonyx torrida, from its former name, Pseudomacromia torrida.

Specimens from Mauritius have been described as a distinct subspecies, Zygonyx torridus insulanus (sub Z. torrida insulana) by Pinhey (1981), based on their smaller size and the occurrence of a yellow tinge on all wings in three males only. However, Jacquemin and Boudot (1999) specified that two males from Mauritius and a third from La Réunion islands agree perfectly in size and wing colour (fully hyaline) with the nominotypical subspecies. Similarly, specimens from India, which have been doubtfully ascribed to a distinct subspecies, Zygonyx torridus isis (sub Zygonyx isis, then Z. torrida isis) by Fraser (1924, 1926) on the basis of their faint yellow suffused wings in six males and without any comparison with the African subpopulations. This poorly defined taxon is in need of re-evaluation. Here Z. t. isis is tentatively treated as a synonym of Z. t. torridus." 63197,Phyllomacromia unifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,unifasciata,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)", 90668521,Elattoneura vrijdaghi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,vrijdaghi,,,,,"Fraser, 1954", 158685,Sympetrum striolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,striolatum,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)",Sympetrum nigrifemur (from the Canaries and Madeira) is considered a subspecies of S. striolatum. 158696,Erythromma lindenii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Erythromma,lindenii,,,,,"(Selys, 1840)","Until 2004, Erythromma lindenii was placed in the genus Cercion although Heidemann and Seidenbusch (1993) had already suggested that the species should be placed in Erythromma based on larval characters. It was not until Weekers and Dumont (2004) confirmed this idea with a DNA-study that this was widely accepted." 158707,Coenagrion puella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,puella,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Sometimes the subspecies kocheri is recognised. 158711,Ischnura graellsii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,graellsii,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",Locally hybridizes with Ischnura elegans. 165499,Aeshna mixta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,mixta,,,,,"Latreille, 1805", 165524,Aeshna cyanea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,cyanea,,,,,"(Müller, 1764)", 184261,Diplacodes luminans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,luminans,,,,,"(Karsch, 1893)",Philonomon luminans is junior synonym to Diplacodes luminans (Dijkstra 2006). 13186352,Brachythemis impartita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachythemis,impartita,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)","Brachythemis leucosticta (Burmeister, 1839) was recently split in two distinct cryptic species (Dijkstra and Matushkina 2009), with B. impartita (Karsch, 1890) occurring from the south of Europe and northern Africa to central Africa, and the true B. leucosticta from the Sahel to South Africa. Both species overlap over a large part of central Africa." 69181516,Ptereleotris uroditaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,uroditaenia,,,,,"Randall & Hoese, 1985", 83777426,Varanus bushi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,bushi,,,,,"Aplin, Fitch & King, 2006", 83777806,Varanus gilleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,gilleni,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1895", 171693,Alinda nordsiecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,nordsiecki,,,,,"Dedov & Neubert, 2002", 79789210,Guibemantis methueni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,methueni,,,,,"(Angel, 1929)",Removed from the synonymy of Guibemantis bicalcaratus by Vences et al. (2013) where it had been placed by Blommers-Schlösser (1979) and Glaw and Vences (1992). 6937,Dyscophus antongilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Dyscophus,antongilii,,,,,"Grandidier, 1877","The differences between this species and Dyscophus guineti are not clear. Studies suggest the possibility that this species may be a colour variant of the more widespread D. guineti (Andreone et al. 2006, Glaw and Vences 2007) or support the definition of these two taxa as different evolutionary significant units under the adaptive evolutionary conservation concept (Chiari et al. 2006). The most recent study by Orozco-ter Wengel et al. (2013) suggests a process of introgressive hybridization as the most likely explanation for the genetic pattern observed." 29433,Boophis lichenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,lichenoides,,,,,"Vallan, Glaw, Andreone & Cadle, 1998", 56096,Heterixalus alboguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,alboguttatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species is probably in a complex of more than one species with Heterixalus boettgeri and H. madagascariensis. 56097,Heterixalus andrakata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,andrakata,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1991", 56098,Heterixalus betsileo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,betsileo,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)", 56099,Heterixalus boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,boettgeri,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1902)",This species is probably in a complex of more than one species with Heterixalus alboguttatus and H. madagascariensis. 56100,Heterixalus carbonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,carbonei,,,,,"Vences, Glaw, Jesu & Schimmenti, 2000", 56101,Heterixalus luteostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,luteostriatus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1910)", 56102,Heterixalus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)",This species is probably in a complex with Heterixalus alboguttatus and H. boettgeri. 56103,Heterixalus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,punctatus,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994", 56104,Heterixalus rutenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,rutenbergi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)", 56105,Heterixalus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,tricolor,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)",It is likely that Heterixalus variabilis is a synonym of this species. It is possible that the population at Kirindy is specifically distinct from those further north (M. Vences pers. comm.). 56106,Heterixalus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Heterixalus,variabilis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1930)",The identification and validity of this species are uncertain; it is probably a synonym of Heterixalus tricolor (F. Glaw pers. comm.). 57383,Aglyptodactylus laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Aglyptodactylus,laticeps,,,,,"Glaw, Vences & Böhme, 1998", 84500383,Aglyptodactylus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Aglyptodactylus,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)","Based on genetic and bioacoustic data, Aglyptodactlyus inguinalis has been removed from synonymy of this species (Köhler et al. 2015)." 57385,Aglyptodactylus securifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Aglyptodactylus,securifer,,,,,"Glaw, Vences & Böhme, 1998", 57387,Boophis albipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,albipunctatus,,,,,"Glaw & Thiesmeier, 1993",This species is morphologically similar to Boophis sibilans (F. Glaw pers. comm.). 57389,Boophis andreonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,andreonei,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994", 57391,Boophis ankaratra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,ankaratra,,,,,"Andreone, 1993", 57392,Boophis blommersae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,blommersae,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994", 57394,Boophis bottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,bottae,,,,,"Vences & Glaw, 2002", 57396,Boophis burgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,burgeri,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994",Unidentified specimens from places other than the type locality might belong to this species. 57397,Boophis doulioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,doulioti,,,,,"(Angel, 1934)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Boophis tephraeomystax by Vences and Glaw (2002), where it had been placed by Guibé (1978) and Blommers-Schlösser (1979)." 57400,Boophis erythrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,erythrodactylus,,,,,"(Guibé, 1953)",Many previous records of this species refer to Boophis tasymena (Vences and Glaw 2002). This account covers only confirmed records of Boophis erythrodactylus. 57401,Boophis feonnyala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,feonnyala,,,,,"Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan, 2001", 57403,Boophis guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,guibei,,,,,"(McCarthy, 1978)",The nomenclatural history of this species is discussed by Ohler (1996). 57404,Boophis haematopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,haematopus,,,,,"Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan, 2001", 57407,Boophis jaegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,jaegeri,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1992", 57408,Boophis laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,laurenti,,,,,"Guibé, 1947","The relationship between this species and Boophis microtympanum has not yet been clarified. Boophis laurenti might simply be a colour morph, but a distinct call has been recorded. More species could be involved, and the whole complex needs revision (M. Vences pers. comm.)." 57409,Boophis liami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,liami,,,,,"Vallan, Vences & Glaw, 2003", 57410,Boophis luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,luteus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","The former subspecies, septentrionalis, was elevated to species rank by Andreone and Randriamahazo (1997)." 57412,Boophis majori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,majori,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",The taxonomy of this species was revised by Glaw et al. (2001). 57413,Boophis mandraka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,mandraka,,,,,"Blommers-Schlösser, 1979", 57414,Boophis marojezensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,marojezensis,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994",The taxonomy of this species was revised by Glaw et al. (2001). 57415,Boophis microtympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,microtympanum,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)", 57416,Boophis miniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,miniatus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1902)",The taxonomy of this species was revised by Glaw et al. (2001). 57418,Boophis opisthodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,opisthodon,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 57419,Boophis pauliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,pauliani,,,,,"(Guibé, 1953)", 57421,Boophis picturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,picturatus,,,,,"Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan, 2001", 57423,Boophis rappiodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,rappiodes,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)",Boophis bottae has been separated from this species (Vences and Glaw 2002). 57424,Boophis reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,reticulatus,,,,,"Blommers-Schlösser, 1979", 57426,Boophis rufioculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,rufioculis,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1997", 57431,Boophis tasymena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,tasymena,,,,,"Vences & Glaw, 2002",This species was separated from Boophis erythrodactylus by Vences and Glaw (2002). 57432,Boophis tephraeomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,tephraeomystax,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)","Specimens from western Madagascar previously assigned to this species can now be reffered to Boophis doulioti (Vences and Glaw 2002). Records from Mayotte (a French island in the Comoro archipelago) belong to undescribed species (Vences et al. 2003)." 57433,Boophis viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,viridis,,,,,"Blommers-Schlösser, 1979", 57434,Boophis vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,vittatus,,,,,"Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan, 2001", 57435,Boophis williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,williamsi,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57437,Laliostoma labrosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Laliostoma,labrosum,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","We follow Vences et al. (2000) in considering this species to belong to the genus Laliostoma in the family Mantellidae, rather than to the genus Tomopterna in the family Pyxicephalidae. A recent paper by Pabijan et al. (2015) found only a shallow genetic differentiation between its subpopulations." 57438,Mantella baroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,baroni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888",The southernmost populations are assigned to this species only tentatively. 57439,Mantella bernhardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,bernhardi,,,,,"Vences, Glaw, Peyrieras, Böhme & Busse, 1994","Molecular data indicate the existence of at least two different management units for conservation in this species, corresponding to the north and south of its distribution range (Andreone et al. 2006, Vieites et al. 2006)." 57440,Mantella betsileo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,betsileo,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)","We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) and Rabemananjara et al. (2007) in treating populations from northeastern Madagascar and the Sambirano region of northwestern Madagascar, previously assigned to Mantella betsileo, as a separate species: Mantella ebenaui. Several populations resembling M. betsileo have been found in the drier regions of southwestern Madagascar, and are considered here to belong to this species. However, their taxonomic status requires further investigation, as they probably comprise one or two undescribed species (Rabemananjara et al. 2007)." 57442,Mantella crocea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,crocea,,,,,"Pintak & Böhme, 1990","This species and Mantella milotympanum might be colour variants of the same species (M. Vences and F. Glaw pers. comm.). Populations with intermediate characteristics between Mantella crocea and M. milotympanum have been recorded from north of Fierenana, Andriabe, Savakoanina and the Zahamena reserve (Chiari et al. 2004)." 57443,Mantella expectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,expectata,,,,,"Busse & Böhme, 1992","Records of Mantella expectata or M. betsileo from the arid west and southwest Madagascar (including from from Tsingy de Bemaraha) probably refer to a separate, undescribed, species that is not characterized by blue legs (F. Andreone pers. comm., Rabemananjara et al. 2007). Here we consider as Mantella expectata to refer only the populations from Isalo and the thin band further south (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2016)." 57444,Mantella haraldmeieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,haraldmeieri,,,,,"Busse, 1981",This species is genetically very closely related to Mantella baroni (Vences et al. 2004). 57445,Mantella laevigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,laevigata,,,,,"Methuen & Hewitt, 1913", 57446,Mantella madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)",This species is closely related to Mantella pulchra (F. Glaw pers. comm.). 57447,Mantella manery,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,manery,,,,,"Vences, Glaw & Böhme, 1999", 57448,Mantella milotympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,milotympanum,,,,,"Staniszewski, 1996","This species and Mantella crocea might represent colour variants of the same species (M. Vences and F. Glaw pers. comm. August 2016, Chiari et al. 2004). Subpopulations with intermediate characteristics between M. crocea and M. milotympanum have been recorded from north of Fierenana, Andriabe, Savakoanina and the Zahamena reserve (Chiari et al. 2004)." 57449,Mantella nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,nigricans,,,,,"Guibé, 1978","This species was elevated from subspecific to specific status by Vences, Glaw and Böhme (1999). Genetically, it is extremely closely related to Mantella baroni (Perl et al. 2014)." 57450,Mantella pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,pulchra,,,,,"Parker, 1925",This species is closely related to Mantella madagascariensis (F. Glaw pers. comm.). 57452,Mantidactylus aerumnalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,aerumnalis,,,,,"(Peracca, 1893)",This species is probably a species complex (Perl et al. 2014). 57453,Spinomantis aglavei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,aglavei,,,,,"(Methuen & Hewitt, 1913)", 57454,Mantidactylus albofrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,albofrenatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1892)","This species was redefined, and two new species, Mantidactylus charlotteae and M. zipperi, were described by Vences and Glaw (2004)." 57455,Guibemantis albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,albolineatus,,,,,"(Blommers-Schlösser & Blanc, 1991)",The subpopulations in central and northern Madagascar are suspected to belong to an undescribed species or part of the G. bicalcaratus complex (F. Glaw pers. comm. February 2016). 57456,Mantidactylus alutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,alutus,,,,,"(Peracca, 1893)", 57457,Mantidactylus ambohimitombi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,ambohimitombi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1919",The taxonomic identity of this species is uncertain and in need of clarification (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2016). 57458,Gephyromantis ambohitra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,ambohitra,,,,,"(Vences & Glaw, 2001)",This species belongs to the Gephyromantis asper group and was split from it prior to its first assessment in 2004. The population from Manongarivo is genetically distinct (F. Glaw pers.comm. November 2015). 57459,Mantidactylus ambreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,ambreensis,,,,,"Mocquard, 1895", 57460,Mantidactylus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,argenteus,,,,,"Methuen, 1920", 57461,Gephyromantis asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,asper,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species was revised by Vences and Glaw (2001) and Gephyromantis ambohitra was named as a new species. Northernmost records are now attributed to G. ambohitra and G. tahotra (Glaw et al. 2011). 57462,Spinomantis bertini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,bertini,,,,,"(Guibé, 1947)", 57463,Mantidactylus betsileanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,betsileanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species is a complex of at least five species (M. Vences pers. comm.). 57465,Mantidactylus biporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,biporus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)",This species is probably a complex of at least five cryptic species (M. Vences and F. Andreone pers. comm.). Mantidactylus tricinctus was removed from the synonymy of this species by Glaw and Vences (1999). 57466,Gephyromantis blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,blanci,,,,,"Guibé, 1974",This species was removed from the synonymy of Gephyromantis decaryi by Glaw and Vences (2000). 57467,Blommersia blommersae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,blommersae,,,,,"(Guibé, 1975)","

Glaw and Vences (1994) pointed out that similar species with different calls might be confused with Blommersia blommersae. Glaw and Vences (2002) described a sibling species, Blommersia sarotra. Lehtinen and Ramanamanjato (2006) recorded Blommersia cf. blommersae from Sainte Luce and Mandena; the identity of these animals requires further study and they are not included as part of this assessment.

" 57469,Mantidactylus brevipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,brevipalmatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1929","Some individuals of this species were previously confused with Mantidactylus aerumnalis, according to Andreone and Gavetti (1994). It belongs to the subgenus Chonomantis (Vences and Glaw 2004). Glaw and Vences (2006) removed Mantidactylus delormei from the synonymy of this species." 57470,Spinomantis brunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,brunae,,,,,"(Andreone, Glaw, Vences & Vallan, 1998)","This recently described species is similar to Spinomantis peraccae and S. elegans. There is confustion regarding the taxonomy of this Group (additional species might be involved), and a revision is needed." 57471,Mantidactylus charlotteae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,charlotteae,,,,,"Vences & Glaw, 2004",This species was separated from Mantidactylus albofrenatus (Vences and Glaw 2003). The taxonomy of this species complex is in need of taxonomic revision (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2016). 57472,Gephyromantis cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,cornutus,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1992)",This species was revised by Glaw and Vences (2001) who described two sibling species: Gephyromantis tandroka and G. tschenki. 57473,Gephyromantis corvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,corvus,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1994)","Records from Tsingy de Bemaraha now refer to Gephyromantis atsingy, records from Analavelona and the Kelifely Plateau are in need of confirmation (F. Glaw pers. comm. November 2015)." 57474,Mantidactylus curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,curtus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species is a complex of at least five species, and many localities where it is said to occur are based on misidentifications (M. Vences pers. comm.). We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) in separating Mantidactylus bellyi and M. bourgati from this species." 57475,Gephyromantis decaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,decaryi,,,,,"Angel, 1930",This species can be confused with Gephyromantis boulengeri and G. leucomaculatus (F. Andreone pers. comm.). Gephyromantis blanci was removed from the synonymy of G. decaryi by Glaw and Vences (2000). 57476,Guibemantis depressiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,depressiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","For a definition of Guibemantis depressiceps, see Glaw et al. (2000)." 57477,Blommersia domerguei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,domerguei,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57479,Spinomantis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,elegans,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57481,Mantidactylus femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,femoralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species is extremely similar to Mantidactylus mocquardi. Together, they probably represent a complex of at least four species (F. Andreone and M. Vences pers. comm.)." 57482,Spinomantis fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,fimbriatus,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1994)", 57483,Guibemantis flavobrunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,flavobrunneus,,,,,"(Blommer-Schlösser, 1979)",The taxonomy of this species is confused (F. Andreone pers. comm.). 57484,Mantidactylus grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,grandidieri,,,,,"Mocquard, 1895","This species is closely related to, and has been confused with, Mantidactylus guttulatus and an undescribed species from the northeast of Madagascar (F. Andreone pers. comm.). Revision of this complex is urgently needed." 57485,Blommersia grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,grandisonae,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57486,Gephyromantis granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,granulatus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)","Specimens from mid altitude at Tsaratanana (northwestern Madagascar) belong to a newly described species, Gephyromantis zavona (Vences et al. 2002)." 57487,Spinomantis guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,guibei,,,,,"(Blommers-Schlösser, 1991)", 57488,Mantidactylus guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,guttulatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1881)","This species is closely related to, and has been confused with, Mantidactylus grandidieri and an undescribed species from the northeast of Madagascar (F. Andreone pers. comm.). Revision of this complex is urgently needed." 57489,Gephyromantis horridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,horridus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)","This species was revised by Vences et al. (2002).

It was described from Nosy Be Island over 100 years ago and never seen there again (many species have Nosy Be as their type locality because an important port was situated there, but those species never actually occurred on the island and this record of G. horridus was suspected to one such mistake; however, the natural history museum in Vienna traced a specimen collected by Brancsik in 1890 from the island confirming that the species actually occured on Nosy Be (Glaw and Vences 2011)." 57490,Guibemantis kathrinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,kathrinae,,,,,"(Glaw, Vences & Gossmann, 2000)", 57491,Blommersia kely,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,kely,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1994)", 57492,Gephyromantis klemmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,klemmeri,,,,,"Guibé, 1974", 57493,Gephyromantis leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,leucocephalus,,,,,"Angel, 1930",This species was previously considered to be part of Gephyromantis boulengeri (Glaw and Vences 2002). 57494,Gephyromantis leucomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,leucomaculatus,,,,,"(Guibé, 1975)",This species was considered to be Boophis maculatus by Blommers-Schlosser and Blanc (1991). 57495,Guibemantis liber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,liber,,,,,"(Peracca, 1893)", 57496,Mantidactylus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,lugubris,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)",This species is a complex of at least four species (M. Vences pers. comm.). We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) in separating Mantidactylus cowanii from the synonymy of this species. 57497,Gephyromantis luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,luteus,,,,,"(Methuen & Hewitt, 1913)","Some published records of this species refer to Gephyromantis plicifer and G. sculpturatus, both of which have recently been resurrected by Vences and Glaw (2001)." 57498,Mantidactylus madecassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,madecassus,,,,,"(Millot & Guibé, 1950)",The taxonomic distinction between Mantidactylus madecassus and M. pauliani has recently been corroborated on the basis of genetic studies (M. Vences pers. comm.). 57499,Wakea madinika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Wakea,madinika,,,,,"(Vences, Andreone, Glaw & Mattioli, 2002)", 57500,Mantidactylus majori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,majori,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 57501,Gephyromantis malagasius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,malagasius,,,,,"(Methuen & Hewitt, 1913)","A related species, Gephyromantis striatus, was described by Vences et al. (2002)." 57502,Spinomantis massi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,massi,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1994)","The specific name was emended to massorum by Vences et al. (2003). However, according to Amphibian Species of the World version 5.2, this is an unjustified emendation (Frost 2008: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php)." 57503,Mantidactylus melanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,melanopleura,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1901)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Mantidactylus opiparis by Vences and Glaw (2004). 57504,Spinomantis microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,microtis,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)","This species is here considered to belong to the genus Spinomantis, rather than Boophis, following Glaw and Vences (2006)." 57505,Boehmantis microtympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boehmantis,microtympanum,,,,,"(Angel, 1935)", 57506,Mantidactylus mocquardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,mocquardi,,,,,"Angel, 1929","This species is extremely similar to Mantidactylus femoralis. Together, they represent a complex of several species (Perl et al. 2014)." 57507,Gephyromantis moseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,moseri,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 2002)", 57508,Mantidactylus opiparis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,opiparis,,,,,"(Peracca, 1893)","This species is a complex of two species, and it is currently under revision (M. Vences pers. comm.)." 57509,Mantidactylus pauliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,pauliani,,,,,"Guibé, 1974", 57510,Spinomantis peraccae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,peraccae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",The taxonomic status of this species is in doubt. Some populations assigned to it might belong to other species (Andreone et al. 1998). 57511,Spinomantis phantasticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,phantasticus,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1997)", 57512,Gephyromantis plicifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,plicifer,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species is similar to Gephyromantis luteus, and some specimens and populations might be confused between these two species. It was recently revised by Vences and Glaw (2001)." 57513,Gephyromantis pseudoasper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,pseudoasper,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57514,Guibemantis pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,pulcher,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","

Lehtinen and Ramanamanjato (2006) recorded Guibemantis cf. pulcher from Sainte Luce and Mandena; the identity of these animals requires further study and they are not included as part of this assessment.

" 57516,Gephyromantis redimitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,redimitus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 57517,Gephyromantis rivicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,rivicola,,,,,"(Vences, Glaw & Andreone, 1997)", 57518,Gephyromantis salegy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,salegy,,,,,"(Andreone, Aprea, Vences & Odierna, 2003)", 57520,Gephyromantis schilfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,schilfi,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 2000)", 57521,Gephyromantis sculpturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,sculpturatus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1929)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Gephyromantis plicifer by Vences and Glaw (2001). 57522,Gephyromantis silvanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,silvanus,,,,,"(Vences, Glaw & Andreone, 1997)", 57523,Gephyromantis spiniferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,spiniferus,,,,,"(Blommers-Schlösser & Blanc, 1991)", 57524,Gephyromantis striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,striatus,,,,,"(Vences, Glaw, Andreone, Jesu & Schimmenti, 2002)",This species was previously included in Gephyromantis malagasius (Vences et al. 2002). 57525,Gephyromantis tandroka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,tandroka,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 2001)", 57527,Guibemantis tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,tornieri,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)","Lowland populations previously attributed to this species have now been described as Guibemantis timidus (Vences and Glaw, 2005)." 57528,Mantidactylus tricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,tricinctus,,,,,"(Guibé, 1947)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Mantidactylus biporus by Glaw and Vences (1999) and tentatively redefined by Glaw and Vences (2007). However, additional candidate species have been identified by Vieites et al. (2009) demonstrating that the taxonomic identity of the species is still uncertain and in need of further revision. Candidate species from the subgenus Brygoomantis (see Vieites et al. 2009 and Wollenberg et al. 2011) are not considered in this assessment (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2016)." 57530,Mantidactylus ulcerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,ulcerosus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)","This wide-ranging species, which occurs in both wet and dry forest, is probably a complex of many species. Lehtinen and Ramanamanjato (2006) recorded Rhombophryne cf. tetradactyla from Sainte Luce and Mandena, but the identity of these animals requires further study and they are not included in this concept of the Mantidactylus ulcerosus. Records from Isalo have been confirmed as belonging to an undescribed species, and the same is the case for Ranomafana records where other closely related species are present instead of M. ulcerosus, but these are retained within the current concept pending formal description (G.M. Rosa pers. comm. March 2016). The same might be true for the populations in the southeast; an expedition a few years ago to the area of Saint Luce and Tsitongambarika and did not record the species - specimens were found to be from other closely related species (G.M. Rosa pers. comm. March 2016). For the Mantadia area there was no confirmation of the species' presence using molecular data and Gehring et al. (2010) did not record M. ulcerosus in their extensive survey of the northeast cost (above Toamasina) or the Betampona area (G.M. Rosa pers. comm. March 2016)." 57531,Gephyromantis ventrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,ventrimaculatus,,,,,"(Angel, 1935)",This species was recently revised by Vences et al. (2002). 57532,Gephyromantis webbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,webbi,,,,,"(Grandison, 1953)", 57533,Blommersia wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,wittei,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)","This form is a wide-ranging species that occurs in many habitats. It seems likely that it will prove to be a complex of sibling and cryptic species. The sub-population that occurs in Isalo Massif appears to be genetically differentiated from sub-populations of the eastern slope, although phylogenetic relationships need to be confirmed (Mercurio et al. 2008)." 57535,Mantidactylus zipperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,zipperi,,,,,"Vences & Glaw, 2004",This species is similar to Mantidactylus albofrenatus (Vences and Glaw 2004). 57536,Mantidactylus zolitschka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,zolitschka,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 2004", 57675,Anodonthyla montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,montana,,,,,"Angel, 1925", 57792,Cophyla phyllodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,phyllodactyla,,,,,"Boettger, 1880","Undescribed species of Cophyla exist, and taxonomic studies are under way. Some specimens currently assigned to Cophyla phyllodactyla might belong to unnamed species." 57805,Dyscophus guineti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Dyscophus,guineti,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1875)",The differences between this species and Dyscophus antongilii are not clear. 57806,Dyscophus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Dyscophus,insularis,,,,,"Grandidier, 1872",The wide range of habitats occupied by this species and obvious geographic variation in morphology and color suggest that more than one species is involved. 57867,Madecassophryne truebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Madecassophryne,truebae,,,,,"Guibé, 1974", 57945,Paradoxophyla palmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paradoxophyla,palmata,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57954,Cophyla alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,alticola,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57955,Cophyla barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,barbouri,,,,,"(Noble, 1940)",This form is a complex of more than one species comprising many undescribed species (F. Andreone pers. comm.). 57956,Cophyla cowanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,cowanii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882",The taxonomic validity of this species is unknown (F. Glaw pers. comm. Nov. 2014). 57957,Cophyla grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,grandis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 57958,Cophyla mavomavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,mavomavo,,,,,"(Andreone, Fenolio & Walvoord, 2003)", 57959,Cophyla milloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,milloti,,,,,"(Guibé, 1950)", 57960,Cophyla occultans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,occultans,,,,,"(Glaw & Vences, 1992)", 57962,Cophyla tetra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,tetra,,,,,"(Andreone, Fenolio & Walvoord, 2003)", 57964,Cophyla tuberifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,tuberifera,,,,,"(Methuen, 1920)", 57965,Plethodontohyla alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,alluaudi,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1901)", 57967,Plethodontohyla bipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,bipunctata,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 57968,Plethodontohyla brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,brevipes,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 57969,Rhombophryne coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,coronata,,,,,"(Vences & Glaw, 2003)", 57970,Rhombophryne coudreaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,coudreaui,,,,,"(Angel, 1938)", 57972,Plethodontohyla inguinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,inguinalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 57973,Rhombophryne laevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,laevipes,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1895)",This species could be a complex of several species (C. Raxworthy pers. comm.). Glaw and Vences (2007) restricted the species to its northern range. 57974,Plethodontohyla mihanika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,mihanika,,,,,"Vences, Raxworthy, Nussbaum & Glaw, 2003", 57976,Plethodontohyla notosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,notosticta,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","Plethodontohyla mihanika has been separated from this species (Vences et al. 2004). However, it is likely that P. notosticta, as redefined, still comprises more than one species. M. Vences, F. Glaw, R.A. Nussbaum, and C.J. Raxworthy are currently studying the taxonomy of the forms previously referred to Plethodontohyla notosticta." 57977,Plethodontohyla ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,ocellata,,,,,"Noble & Parker, 1926", 57979,Plethodontohyla tuberata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Plethodontohyla,tuberata,,,,,"(Peters, 1883)", 57995,Scaphiophryne boribory,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,boribory,,,,,"Vences, Raxworthy, Nussbaum & Glaw, 2003", 57996,Scaphiophryne brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Some records of this species might be confused with Scaphiophryne calcarata. 57997,Scaphiophryne calcarata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,calcarata,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1895)","This species has sometimes been confused with Scaphiophryne brevis; its taxonomy requires revision, since it is a complex of more than one species (M. Vences pers. comm.)." 57998,Scaphiophryne gottlebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,gottlebei,,,,,"Busse & Böhme, 1992", 57999,Scaphiophryne madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",The name Scaphiophryne madagascariensis applies to populations formerly included in S. pustulosa (Vences et al. 2002). 58000,Scaphiophryne marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,marmorata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882",Scaphiophryne spinosa has been separated from this species by Vences et al. (2003). The western subpopulations have also been separated as S. menabensis (Glos et al. 2005). 58002,Scaphiophryne spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,spinosa,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882",This species was removed from the synonymy of Scaphiophryne marmorata by Vences et al. (2002). 58008,Stumpffia gimmeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,gimmeli,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1992", 58009,Stumpffia grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,grandis,,,,,"Guibé, 1974","The taxonomy of this species is unclear and is currently under taxonomic revision (M.D. Scherz pers. comm., February 2016)." 58010,Anilany helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anilany,helenae,,,,,"(Vallan, 2000)", 58012,Stumpffia pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,pygmaea,,,,,"Vences & Glaw, 1991", 58013,Stumpffia roseifemoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,roseifemoralis,,,,,"Guibé, 1974","This species was synonymized with Stumpffia psologlossa by Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc (1991). However, we follow Glaw and Vences (1994) in treating it as a separate species. D'Cruze et al. (2007) recorded Stumpffia cf. roseifemoralis from Montagne des Français; the identity of these animals requires further study and they are not included as part of this assessment.


" 58014,Stumpffia tetradactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,tetradactyla,,,,,"Vences & Glaw, 1991","This species is under taxonomic revision. It is possible that the populations assigned to this name belong to more than one species.
 

Lehtinen and Ramanamanjato (2006) recorded Stumpffia cf. tetradactyla from Sainte Luce and Mandena; the identity of these animals requires further study and they are not included as part of this assessment.

" 58015,Stumpffia tridactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,tridactyla,,,,,"Guibé, 1975",This species is undergoing taxonomic revision. It has probably been confused with Stumpffia tetradactyla. 61836,Boophis sambirano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,sambirano,,,,,"Vences & Glaw, 2005", 61837,Guibemantis timidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,timidus,,,,,"(Vences & Glaw, 2005)",This species was separated from Guibemantis tornieri (Vences and Glaw 2005). 61859,Scaphiophryne menabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,menabensis,,,,,"Glos, Glaw & Vences, 2005", 135777,Mantella ebenaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantella,ebenaui,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)","We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) and Rabemananjara et al. (2007) in treating populations from northeastern Madagascar and the Sambirano region of northwestern Madagascar, previously assigned to Mantella betsileo, as a separate species: Mantella ebenaui." 135792,Mantidactylus bourgati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,bourgati,,,,,"Guibé, 1974",We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) in separating this species from Mantidactylus curtus. 135812,Boophis axelmeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,axelmeyeri,,,,,"Vences, Andreone & Vietes, 2005", 135902,Mantidactylus bellyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,bellyi,,,,,"Mocquard, 1895",We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) in separating this species from Mantidactylus curtus. 135907,Mantidactylus cowanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,cowanii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) in treating this as a species distinct from Mantidactylus lugubris. Candidate species from the subgenus Hylobatrachus (see Vieites et al. 2009 and Wollenberg et al. 2011) are not considered in this assessment. 136059,Mantidactylus delormei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,delormei,,,,,"Angel, 1938",We follow Glaw and Vences (2006) in removing this species from the synonymy of Mantidactylus brevipalmatus. 136176,Paradoxophyla tiarano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paradoxophyla,tiarano,,,,,"Andreone, Aprea, Odierna & Vences, 2006", 79788927,Cophyla maharipeo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,maharipeo,,,,,"Rakotoarison, Crottini, Müller, Rödel, Glaw & Vences, 2015", 79788960,Cophyla noromalalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,noromalalae,,,,,"Rakotoarison, Crottini, Müller, Rödel, Glaw & Vences, 2015", 79789021,Cophyla puellarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,puellarum,,,,,"Rakotoarison, Crottini, Müller, Rödel, Glaw & Vences, 2015", 189625,Corbicula lamarckiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,lamarckiana,,,,,"Prime, 1864", 182229,Alestes macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestes,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Günther, 1867",It can be differentiated from genus Brycinus by the presence of adipose eyelids. 182366,Hydrocynus forskahlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Hydrocynus,forskahlii,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1819)",This species has been misspelled as H. forskali or H. forskalii (Seegers et al. 2004) 181744,Hydrocynus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Hydrocynus,vittatus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1861", 182390,Heterobranchus longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Heterobranchus,longifilis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 181723,Lacustricola matthesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Lacustricola,matthesi,,,,,"(Seegers, 1996)", 181839,Lates niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,niloticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomic status of the Lake Victoria subpopulations is uncertain. Lates was introduced to Lake Victoria in the late 1950s and early 1960s (Coulter et al. 1986) from the shallow waters of Lake Albert and Lake Turkana (Gee 1969). Although not necessarily conspecific with L. niloticus, the Lake Victoria Lates have always been referred to as L. niloticus." 89719210,Mastacembelus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,frenatus,,,,,Boulenger 1901,"Reported as Mastacembelus victoriae Boulenger, 1903, a junior synonym (Matthes 1962). Also reported as Mastacembelus moeruensis Boulenger, 1914 and Mastacembelus stappersii Boulenger, 1914, both junior synonyms (Van Steenberge et al. 2014).

The taxonomic status of mastacembelids from the Athi River drainage needs investigation (Seegers et al. 2003).

Also reported under the generic names Caecomastacembelus and Afromastacembelus; here included in Mastacembelus (Vreven 2005)." 41248,Micropanchax loati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,loati,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)",Bishai and Khalil (1997) cited it as Aplocheilichthys schoelleri. 182454,Synodontis frontosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,frontosus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1895", 90419850,Zaireichthys rotundiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,rotundiceps,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1905)","Skelton (1993), Seegers (1996) and Roberts (2003) mentioned that Z. rotundiceps is a species complex, representing several closely related species. Indeed, Eccles et al. (2011) demonstrated that material from parts of the Zambezi and Congo basins in Zambia, and from Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique and Angola actually comprises several species. Additionally, Eccles et al. (2011) retained Zaireichthys wamiensis (Seegers, 1989) and Zaireichthys brevis (Boulenger, 1915), previously regarded as junior synonyms of Z. rotundiceps, as valid species." 175135,Chambardia rubens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,rubens,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1819)","The West African subpopulations are placed under C. rubens rubens while the Nile subpopulations are referred to as C. rubens arcuta (later emended to arcuata), though the differences between the two subspecies seem very small." 173094,Brazzaea anceyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Brazzaea,anceyi,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1885", 98381977,Nitia teretiuscula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nitia,teretiuscula,,,,,"(Philippi, 1847)", 175121,Biomphalaria sudanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,sudanica,,,,,"(Martens, 1870)","Biomphalaria sudanica (Martens, 1870) is a distinct species, (supposedly) widely spread in Africa, but recent molecular research has established that the B. sudanica subpopulations of Lake Victoria are an ecophenotypic variant of B. choanomphala, occurring at the lake's fringe (Standley et al. 2011). These authors have proposed the name B. choanomphala sudanica for this form, but that seems, from a taxonomist point of view, not an acceptable proposal. In any case, 'true' B. sudanica probably does not occur in the Lake Victoria drainage." 165785,Bulinus africanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,africanus,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","The genus Bulinus is generally divided into four groups (Brown 1994), one of which is the B. africanus group. In the Lake Victoria region five species of this group occur, namely B. africanus, B. globosus, B. ugandae, B. productus and B. nasutus. Confusion between these species, particularly in trematode studies, often occurs." 165802,Burnupia caffra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,caffra,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","Molecular research has shown that the family Ancilydae, in which all the Patella-like freshwater genera had been placed, is actually paraphyletic, with the genus Burnupia a case of convergence (Albrecht et al. 2004). Albrecht (in Bouchet et al. 2017) established the new family-group name Burnupiidae. Not only the taxonomic placement of Burnupia needed re-examination, the species are also in dire need of revision; many of those described in the early 20th century being hardly distinctive, with no reliable diagnostic characters. It is generally assumed that only a few species are really distinct, B. caffra being one of them (Brown 1994).


" 165805,Ceratophallus natalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,natalensis,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","Brown (2001) has shown that the populations of the Afrotropical widespread species Ceratophallus natalensis actually belong to three different species, namely C. natalensis (Krauss, 1848), C. gibbonsi (Nelson, 1878) and C. yesimit. The first two occur in the Lake Victoria Basin. The Ceratophallus population that was discovered on Anjouan (Comoros) was referred to as Ceratophallus sp. by Stahrmühlner (1983). Brown (1994) who did study this material, referred to it as C. natalensis. This was however prior to his study on the cryptic species complex (Brown 2001). Since the Anjouan material was not revised in this study, the taxonomic identification remains uncertain." 98275044,Bellamya unicolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,unicolor,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)","This is the new taxonomic concept of Bellamya unicolor, which excludes subpopulations native to Lake Victoria. These subpopulations are now considered part of the Bellamya constricta species complex." 59924,Mastigogomphus pinheyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Mastigogomphus,pinheyi,,,,,"(Cammaerts, 1968)", 59930,Notogomphus flavifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,flavifrons,,,,,"Fraser, 1952", 59938,Notogomphus maathaiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,maathaiae,,,,,"Clausnitzer & Dijkstra, 2005", 59896,Idomacromia jillianae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idomacromia,jillianae,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kisakye, 2004", 59843,Allocnemis superba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,superba,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)","Pinhey (1969) made superba Schmidt, 1951 a subspecies of marshalli Ris, 1921. Recently Dijkstra and Clausnitzer (in prep.) treat superba as a valid species again." 184195,Onychogomphus nigrotibialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,nigrotibialis,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1909", 135101,Potamonautes amalerensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,amalerensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1935)","Bott (1955) treated this taxon as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) didieri (Rathbun, 1904). It is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes amalerensis." 44523,Potamonautes emini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,emini,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1892)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) emini emini. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) treated this species as Potamonautes emini." 44524,Potamonautes gerdalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,gerdalensis,,,,,"Bott, 1955",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Gerdalopotamonautes) gerdalensis. Cumberlidge (1998) and Reed and Cumberlidge (2006) referred to it as Potamonautes gerdalensis. 44533,Potamonautes mutandensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,mutandensis,,,,,"(Chace, 1942)",Bott (1955) treated this species as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) emini emini. It is treated here as the valid species Potamonautes mutandensis. 44535,Potamonautes niloticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,niloticus,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1837)","Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Acanthothelphusa) niloticus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). This species is treated here as Potamonautes niloticus following the opinion of by Cumberlidge (1997, 1998)." 84355205,Amphilius lujani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,lujani,,,,,"Thomson & Page, 2015", 84372245,Rhinolophus mcintyrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,mcintyrei,,,,,Hill & Schlitter 1982,"

Rhinolophus mcintyrei (Hill and Schlitter 1982) was originally described by those authors as a subspecies of Rhinolophus arcuatus Peters, 1871. Based on genetic analyses, Patrick and co-workers (2013) suggested that the the population ascribed to that taxon on Papua New Guinea be raised to species status rather than subspecies.

" 84372306,Rhinolophus proconsulis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,proconsulis,,,,,"Hill, 1959","

This species was originally considered by Hill (1959) to constitute a subspecies of Rhinolophus arcuatus Peters, 1871. Based on morphological analyses with other specimens of R. “arcuatus” from throughout its range, Patrick and co-workers (2013) suggested that the taxon on Borneo be raised to species status.

" 84372447,Rhinolophus tatar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,tatar,,,,,"Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1982","This species was considered to be conspecific with R. euryotis (Hill 1992). However, genetic work by Patrick et al. (2013) demonstrated that specimens from Sulawesi were genetically distinct from those collected on Papua New Guinea and deserving of distinct species status.

" 84372474,Rhinolophus chiewkweeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,chiewkweeae,,,,,"Yoshiyuki & Lim, 2005","Rhinolophus chiewkweeae is a member of the pearsoni species group which consists of R. pearsoni and R. yunanensis (Yoshiyuki and Lim 2005). It is orange brown in coloration (both R. pearsoni and R. yunanensis are dark brown) and has intermediate characters to those of R. pearsoni and R. yunanensis, except for its short ears and tail (Yoshiyuki and Lim 2005)." 84372666,Rhinolophus huananus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,huananus,,,,,"Wu, Motokawa & Harada, 2008","This species belongs to the philippinensis species group. It was firstly identified by Wu et al. (2008) and it is very similar to the small form of Rhinolophus macrotis which was identified first by Sun et al. (2008). Rhinolophus huananus is probably synonymous with R. siamensis, and R. siamensis and Rhinolophus macrotis [small form] may be the same species (Zhang et al. 2009). Moreover, two hitherto formally undescribed species, R. cf. siamensis (sensu: Tu et al. 2017) and R. cf. macrotis (sensu: Tu et al. 2017) correspond to the small and medium forms of a putative taxon (R. macrotis [small form]). Until recently, the study on multilocus phylogeny showed R. huananus and R. cf. siamensis as junior synonyms of R. siamensis (Zhang et al. 2018)." 84376286,Rhinolophus indorouxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,indorouxii,,,,,"Chattopadhyay, Garg, Kumar, Doss, Ramakrishnan, & Kandula, 2012","This species is morphologically similar to its sister species R. rouxii rouxii. Previous studies had considered all populations of R. rouxii in peninsular and Southern India as same subspecies R. rouxii rouxii while suggesting the possibility of more species occurring within this group (Bates and Harrison 1997). Chattopadhyay et al. 2010 and 2012 observed that in Southern India R. rouxii rouxii exists as two distinct  acoustically, genetically and evolutionarily distinct sibling species. Both species could be identified through acoustic differences and genetic markers. The frequency of the R. indorouxii is above 90 KHz (92.9-95.4 KHz) while that of R. rouxii rouxii is below 90 KHz (77.9-84.7 KHz). While both bats looks similar in morphology, R. indorouxii has a significantly larger forearm than the R. rouxii in Southern India. Both are sister evolutionary lineages and genetic distance of more than 8 % between them is consistent of that found in sister species of bats." 84379236,Aciagrion bapepe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,bapepe,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84379328,Africallagma quingentum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,quingentum,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84379340,Africocypha varicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Africocypha,varicolor,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Günther, 2015", 84379354,Agriocnemis canuango,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,canuango,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84379442,Agriocnemis toto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,toto,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84379587,Anax gladiator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,gladiator,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015", 84379591,Ceriagrion banditum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,banditum,,,,,"Kipping & Dijkstra, 2015", 84379610,Ceriagrion junceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,junceum,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015", 84379634,Chlorocypha granata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,granata,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84379749,Chlorocypha maxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,maxima,,,,,"Dijkstra, Kipping & Mézière, 2015", 84379796,Elattoneura lapidaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,lapidaria,,,,,"Dijkstra & Bjelke, 2015", 84379800,Elattoneura tarbotonorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,tarbotonorum,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84379834,Eleuthemis eogaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Eleuthemis,eogaster,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84379849,Eleuthemis libera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Eleuthemis,libera,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015", 84379896,Lestinogomphus venustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,venustus,,,,,"Dijkstra & Mézière, 2015", 84380103,Lestinogomphus calcaratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,calcaratus,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380154,Lestinogomphus nefrens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,nefrens,,,,,"Dijkstra & Mézière, 2015", 84380159,Malgassophlebia andzaba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Malgassophlebia,andzaba,,,,,"Dijkstra & Mézière, 2015", 84380176,Neodythemis katanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,katanga,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015", 84380186,Notogomphus bosumbuli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,bosumbuli,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380202,Notogomphus cobyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,cobyae,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380222,Notogomphus gorilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,gorilla,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380239,Notogomphus intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,intermedius,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380407,Notogomphus kimpavita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,kimpavita,,,,,"Dijkstra & Clausnitzer, 2015", 84380426,Orthetrum agaricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,agaricum,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380465,Onychogomphus undecim,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,undecim,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380507,Orthetrum kafwi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,kafwi,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380528,Orthetrum lusinga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,lusinga,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84380661,Paragomphus cammaertsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,cammaertsi,,,,,"Dijkstra & Papazian, 2015", 84380726,Paragomphus darwalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,darwalli,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Papazian, 2015", 84380748,Paragomphus clausnitzerorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,clausnitzerorum,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Papazian, 2015", 84380791,Paragomphus dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,dispar,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Papazian, 2015", 84380894,Pentaphlebia mangana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PENTAPHLEBIIDAE,Pentaphlebia,mangana,,,,,"Dijkstra, Lambret & Mézière, 2015", 84380904,Phyllogomphus bongorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,bongorum,,,,,"Kipping, Mézière & Dijkstra, 2015", 84380969,Porpax mezierei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Porpax,mezierei,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015", 84381019,Pseudagrion pacale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,pacale,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84381025,Pseudagrion munte,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,munte,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84381039,Pseudagrion sarepi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,sarepi,,,,,"Kipping & Dijkstra, 2015", 84381093,Pseudagrion aureolum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,aureolum,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Kipping, 2015", 84381098,Pseudagrion dactylidium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,dactylidium,,,,,"Dijkstra & Mézière, 2015", 84381119,Pseudagrion tanganyicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,tanganyicum,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015", 84381214,Trithemis hinnula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,hinnula,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Kipping, 2015", 84381284,Trithemis legrandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,legrandi,,,,,"Dijkstra, Kipping & Mézière, 2015", 84381301,Zygonyx annika,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,annika,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 84381343,Zygonyx denticulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,denticulatus,,,,,"Dijkstra & Kipping, 2015", 84381461,Zygonyx dionyx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,dionyx,,,,,"Dijkstra & Mézière, 2015", 84384455,Hyperolius glandicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,glandicolor,,,,,"Peters, 1878",H. okarkarri was synonymized under this species by Channing and Howell (2006). 84384558,Rhinolophus microglobosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,microglobosus,,,,,"Csorba and Jenkins, 1998","Originally described as a subspecies of Rhinolophus stheno but proved to be distinct based on generally smaller body and skull size, higher call frequency and being found sympatrically with the nominate subspecies (Soisook et al. 2008)." 84385675,Hyperolius marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,marginatus,,,,,"Peters, 1854",H. reesi has been synonymized under this species by Channing and Howell (2006). 136149,Afrixalus dorsimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,dorsimaculatus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1930)","We follow Pickersgill (2007) in removing this species from the synonymy of Afrixalus uluguruensis. However, molecular data show that this might represent more than one species (S. Loader pers. comm. Oct 2015)." 56080,Afrixalus sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,sylvaticus,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1974","Pickersgill (2000, 2005) considers this form to be a subspecies of Afrixalus stuhlmanni, with which it hybridizes as forests are cleared. We follow Schiøtz (1999, and pers. comm.) in considering it to be a valid species. However, we follow Pickersgill (2005) and K. Howell (pers. comm.) in considering it to occur in the coastal areas of Tanzania, as well as in the Shimba Hills in Kenya." 136136,Kassina jozani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,jozani,,,,,"Msuya, Howell & Channing, 2006", 54888,Mertensophryne howelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,howelli,,,,,"(Poynton & Clarke, 1999)", 54890,Mertensophryne usambarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,usambarae,,,,,"(Poynton & Clarke, 1999)", 135885,Phrynobatrachus ungujae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,ungujae,,,,,"Pickersgill, 2007", 84416403,Tandonia marinellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,marinellii,,,,,"Liberto, Giglio, Colomba & Sparacio, 2012","Tandonia marinellii externally resembles Tandonia sowerbyi that is present and widespread in Sicily. The epiphallus in T. marinelli is very long and equipped with an evident proximal portion completely absent in T. sowerbyi. The two species are clearly distinguishable mainly by virtue of the morphology of the genital apparatus. The validity of the specific status has also been confirmed by the genetic distance among COI sequences (Liberto et al. 2012)." 84454980,Balionycteris seimundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Balionycteris,seimundi,,,,,(Kloss 1921),"Balionycteris seimundi was originally described as a subspecies of B. maculata (Corbet and Hill 1992). Khan et al. (2008) reported a high genetic distance (12%) in cytochrome b mtDNA between B. maculata sensu lato populations in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, and consequently raised B. seimundi as a distinct species. Lim et al. (2017) suggested updating the taxon in Peninsular Malaysia to B. seimundi." 84457227,Desmalopex microleucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Desmalopex,microleucopterus,,,,,"Esselstyn, Garcia, Saulog & Heaney, 2008", 189074,Potamolithus simplex,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamolithus,simplex,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1911", 189312,Potamolithus doeringi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamolithus,doeringi,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1911", 84458822,Epomophorus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomophorus,minor,,,,,"Dobson, 1879",We follow African Chiroptera Report (2014) and Bergmans (1988) by treating Epomophorus minor as a species separate from E. labiatus. 189043,Angustassiminea castanea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Angustassiminea,castanea,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1883)", 189342,Hubendickia chinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Hubendickia,chinensis,,,,,"(Liu, Wang & Zhang, 1980)", 84459322,Megaloglossus azagnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Megaloglossus,azagnyi,,,,,"Nesi, Kadjo & Hassanin, 2012","This is a recently described species which has come about as a result of splitting West African populations of Megaloglossus from the eastern M. woermanni (Nesi et al. 2013). This split is based on a detailed molecular and morphological study which showed that M. azagnyi differs by 4.9-5.7% in its Cytochrome_b sequence from M. woermanni from Central Africa. Morphologically, the two species are extremely similar, with M. azagnyi only slightly smaller, but overlapping, in its cranial dimensions (Nesi et al. 2013). The two Megaloglossus species are thought to be allopatric, but the exact limits of their distributions are not currently known." 84463939,Thoopterus suhaniahae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Thoopterus,suhaniahae,,,,,"Maryanto, Yani, Prijono & Wiantoro, 2012", 84466436,Scotonycteris bergmansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Scotonycteris,bergmansi,,,,,"Hassanin, Khouider, Gembu, Goodman, Kadjo, Nesi, Pourrut, Nakouné & Bonillo, 2015","Morphologically, Scotonycteris bergmansi is not distinguishable from the other two species of Scotonycteris, S. zenkeri (in Cameroon) and S. ocidentalis (in West Africa). However, molecular analyses, based on mitochondrial and nuclear data, have shown that these three taxa are genetically isolated (Hassanin et al. 2015)." 84466273,Scotonycteris occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Scotonycteris,occidentalis,,,,,"Hayman, 1947","Previously, Scotonycteris occidentalis was considered to be a subspecies of S. zenkeri It was recently raised to the level of species by Hassanin et al. (2015)." 84466713,Scotophilus andrewreborii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,andrewreborii,,,,,"Brooks & Bickham, 2014",It is not clear whether this species has been correctly named. The name Scotophilus colias Thomas 1904 is available (Vallo et al. 2011) but was not considered or discussed in the description of this species (Brooks and Bickham 2014). 84466810,Scotophilus ejetai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,ejetai,,,,,"Brooks & Bickham, 2014","This is a newly described species (Brooks and Bickham 2014) whose relationship with S. andrewreborii has not been clearly delimited. Indeed the two taxa only differ by 4.9% in the Cytochrome b gene (Brooks and Bickham 2014) suggesting that they may in fact be conspecific. More work is needed in clearing up the distribution and systematics of these two taxa. If this species is conspecific with S. andrewreborii, then there is a further problem related to taxonomy since the name S. colias Thomas 1904 is available for that taxon." 84466826,Scotophilus livingstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,livingstonii,,,,,"Brooks & Bickham, 2014","This is a newly described species from seven samples from Kenya and Ghana (Brooks and Bickham 2014). Further research is required to verify taxonomy." 84466859,Scotophilus trujilloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotophilus,trujilloi,,,,,"Brooks & Bickham, 2014","This is a newly described species from five samples from coastal Kenya (Brooks and Bickham 2014). Further research is required to verify the taxonomy of this taxon." 59816,Atoconeura eudoxia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Atoconeura,eudoxia,,,,,"(Kirby, 1908)", 59841,Allocnemis nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,nigripes,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 59818,Atoconeura pseudeudoxia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Atoconeura,pseudeudoxia,,,,,"Longfield, 1953", 59821,Brachythemis lacustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachythemis,lacustris,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 59822,Brachythemis leucosticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachythemis,leucosticta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","The former Brachythemis leucosticta (Burmeister, 1839) was split in two distinct cryptic species (Dijkstra and Matushkina 2009), with B. impartita (Karsch, 1890) occurring from the south of Europe and northern Africa to central Africa, and the true B. leucosticta from the Sahel to South Africa. Both species overlap over a large part of central Africa." 84487907,Murina annamitica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,annamitica,,,,,"Francis & Eger, 2012", 84487939,Murina balaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,balaensis,,,,,"Soisook, Karapan, Satasook & Bates, 2013", 84488085,Murina beelzebub,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,beelzebub,,,,,"Son, Furey & Csorba, 2011","

The species was described in 2011 based on specimens from Viet Nam.

" 84488443,Murina bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,bicolor,,,,,"Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2009","This species is morphologically closely allied to M. leucogaster (Kuo et al. 2009)." 84500832,Murina gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,gracilis,,,,,"Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2009","Kuo et al. (2015) showed phylogenetically close relationships of this species to M. recondita and M. eleryi, altogether constituting a species complex. M. balaensis appears to be another member of this species complex (Son et al. 2015).

" 84500842,Murina recondita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,recondita,,,,,"Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee, 2009","M. recondita shows a sister relationship with M. eleryi, and the common ancestor of the former two taxa is sister to M. gracilis (Kuo et al. 2015). All former taxa are also phylogenetically closely related to M. balaensis (Son et al. 2015)
" 84500852,Murina fionae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,fionae,,,,,"Francis & Eger, 2012", 84500863,Murina chrysochaetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,chrysochaetes,,,,,"Eger & Lim, 2011", 84500876,Murina lorelieae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,lorelieae,,,,,"Eger & Lim, 2011", 84501698,Murina shuipuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,shuipuensis,,,,,"Eger & Lim, 2011", 59824,Bradinopyga cornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bradinopyga,cornuta,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 59825,Bradinopyga strachani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bradinopyga,strachani,,,,,"(Kirby, 1900)", 59835,Chalcostephia flavifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Chalcostephia,flavifrons,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 184251,Copera congolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,congolensis,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)",Previously confused with numerous Platycnemis species. 60000,Copera nyansana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,nyansana,,,,,"(Förster, 1916)", 59866,Elattoneura glauca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,glauca,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 60001,Copera sikassoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,sikassoensis,,,,,"(Martin, 1912)","Platycnemis nyansana Förster, 1916 and P. xanthopus Navás, 1924 are possible synonyms." 84520853,Sclerophrys pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,pusilla,,,,,(Merten's 1937),This species has been resurrected from synonymy with Sclerophrys maculatus by Poynton et al. (2016). 84336118,Limnonectes lauhachindai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,lauhachindai,,,,,"Aowphol, Rujirawan, Taksinum, Chuaynkern & Stuart, 2015", 84335481,Limnonectes nguyenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,nguyenorum,,,,,"McLeod, Kurlbaum & Hoang, 2015", 84547975,Murina jaintiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,jaintiana,,,,,"Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba, 2012","This small-sized, greyish species of Murina from the northeastern part of the Indian Subcontinent was previously included either in Murina tubinaris (Bates and Harrison 1997) or in the M. cineracea species complex (Csorba et al. 2011). The presence of this cryptic species was recognized only recently on the basis of molar traits and by its relatively high sequence divergence (>9%) at the cytochrome b gene from any other sequenced species (Ruedi et al. 2012). Former records of M. tubinaris from NE India and Myanmar (Bates and Harrison 1997) may actually refer to M. jaintiana or M. feae (Francis and Eger 2012)  but the range limits of these two species need to be reassessed." 84548064,Murina pluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,pluvialis,,,,,"Ruedi, Biswas & Csorba, 2012","Specimens of this medium-sized, reddish species of Murina were previously included in Murina cyclotis (Bates and Harrison 1997). However, it is readily distinguished by its predominantly dark belly, whereas other species in the M. cylotis group have light ventral fur, especially at the hair basis. M. pluvialis also differs by at least 16% sequence divergence at the cytochrome b gene from any other sequenced species (Ruedi et al. 2012). As both M. pluvialis and M. cyclotis occur in similar habitats in Meghalaya, India (M. Ruedi, pers. obs.) and because they were previously confused (e.g. Bates and Harrison 1997), their relative distribution and abundance in the region is not properly known." 84557696,Murina eleryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,eleryi,,,,,"Furey, Thong, Bates & Csorba, 2009", 84561002,Murina feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,feae,,,,,"Thomas, 1891","Specimens previously reported as Murina tubinaris from Southeast Asia, including Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam, were recently recognized as a distinct species, M. cineracea (Csorba et al. 2011). However, M. feae is suggested as the appropriate name for this species, based on examination of the holotype from Myanmar (Francis and Eger 2012). The population in Pakistan and northwest India belongs to M. tubinaris sensu stricto, while the populations of the eastern Himalayan states of India (Meghalaya, Mizoram, West Bengal) were regarded to represent another distinct species, M. jaintiana (Ruedi et al. 2012). There are scattered and still unpublished records of the species from China (Csorba, pers. comm)." 84562267,Murina walstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,walstoni,,,,,"Furey, Csorba & Son, 2011","The taxon was described in 2011 based on specimens from Cambodia and Viet Nam." 84562293,Murina harpioloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Murina,harpioloides,,,,,"Kruskop & Eger, 2008","This tube-nosed bat is closely related to Murina chrysochaetes from southern China and northern Vietnam (Son et al. 2015) suggesting that both species are relics within of the former large distribution range of their ancestor. Previously this bat was once attributed to as M. aurata Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Borissenko and Kruskop 2003)." 84500429,Aglyptodactylus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Aglyptodactylus,australis,,,,,"Köhler, Glaw, Pabijan & Vences, 2015", 84500529,Aglyptodactylus chorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Aglyptodactylus,chorus,,,,,"Köhler, Glaw, Pabijan & Vences, 2015","A record from Marojejy (Köhler et al. 2015) is currently assigned to A. inguinalis, but further study is expected to place it under A. chorus." 84500418,Aglyptodactylus inguinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Aglyptodactylus,inguinalis,,,,,"Günther, 1877","This species has been removed from synonymy of Aglyptodactylus madagascariensis (Köhler et al. 2015). A record from Marojejy (Köhler et al. 2015) currently assigned to A. inguinalis is included in this concept, but is expected to be assigned to A. chorus following further study. It is possible this species could be a taxonomic complex with different lineages at Marojejy, Tampolo/Betampona and in the southeast, although further research is required and confirmation of the identity the sub-population in Anzahamaru (type locality) is needed through new collections (Köhler et al. 2015)." 59856,Crenigomphus hartmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Crenigomphus,hartmanni,,,,,"(Förster, 1898)", 61512,Iberolacerta aranica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,aranica,,,,,"(Arribas, 1993)","This taxon is now considered to be a full species based on evidence from Arribas (1999), Crochet et al. (2004), Mayer and Arribas (1996, 2003) and Odierna et al. (1996)." 22679393,Polyplectron schleiermacheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,schleiermacheri,,,,,"Brüggemann, 1877", 59857,Crenigomphus renei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Crenigomphus,renei,,,,,"Fraser, 1936", 59871,Gomphidia quarrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,quarrei,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)","Gomphidia balii Fraser, 1949 is possibly a synonym." 22715775,Liocichla steerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Liocichla,steerii,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1877", 84783938,Anonconotus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anonconotus,occidentalis,,,,,"Carron & Wermeille, 2002","Anonconotus occidentalis Carron and Wermeille, 2002 was previously considered a subspecies of Anonconotus baracunensis (Eames et al. 2015)." 84785231,Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Aetomylaeus,caeruleofasciatus,,,,,"White, Last & Baje, 2015",Aetomylaeus caerulofasciatus has recently been described as distinct from the wider-ranging Indo-West Pacific A. nichofii (White et al. 2015). 59860,Crocothemis sanguinolenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,sanguinolenta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","Crocothemis sanguinolenta was first recorded from the Dead Sea by Morton (1924), based on three males in Ris' collection. Based on these specimens and new records, Schneider (1982) described the subspecies arabica. With more material at hand Dijkstra and Dingemanse (2000) found out that characters used to separate Levantine subpopulations fall within the variation of the nominal (African) form and concluded that arabica is not a valid subspecies." 59858,Crocothemis divisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,divisa,,,,,"Baumann, 1898", 59863,Diplacodes deminuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,deminuta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1969",Diplacodes okavangoensis is a synonym to D. deminuta (Dijkstra 2007). 54470,Ansonia inthanon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,inthanon,,,,,"Matsui, Nabhitabhata & Panha, 1998", 135840,Ansonia kraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,kraensis,,,,,"Matsui, Khonsue & Nabhitabhata, 2005", 84882966,Pteropus allenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,allenorum,,,,,"Helgen, Helgen & Wilson, 2009", 58789,Rohanixalus hansenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rohanixalus,hansenae,,,,,"(Cochran, 1927)","This species might be a synonym of Chiromantis vittatus.

This species has been moved from the genus Chiromantis to Feihyla (Aowphol et al. 2013), and then Feihyla to Rohanixalus (Biju et al. 2020)." 198562,Merluccius merluccius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,merluccius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 199731,Eumeces blythianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eumeces,blythianus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)", 136070,Fejervarya triora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,triora,,,,,"Stuart, Chuaynkern, Chan-ard & Inger, 2006", 59883,Hadrothemis coacta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hadrothemis,coacta,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 59884,Hadrothemis defecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hadrothemis,defecta,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 59885,Hadrothemis infesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hadrothemis,infesta,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 59887,Hadrothemis versuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hadrothemis,versuta,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 85180824,Barbastella beijingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Barbastella,beijingensis,,,,,"Zhang, Han, Jones, Lin, Zhang, Zhu, Huang & Zhang, 2007","This species was described as new, from an area from which the barbastelles were not previously known. According to analysis of mitochondrial DNA, this species is well separated from all other named forms in the genus and is not closely related to other East Asian barbastelles (Kruskop et al. 2019)." 85197261,Barbastella darjelingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Barbastella,darjelingensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1855)","Barbastella darjelingensis was previously considered a subspecies to B. leucomelas (as B. l. darjelingensis), however, B. leucomelas s.str. was shown to be a separate species by Benda et al. (2008). There is a variety of mitochondrial lineages within this species (Kruskop et al. 2019, Chakravarty et al. 2020), suggesting the possible presence of cryptic taxa. However, at least the mainland specimens are similar in appearance and do not differ in craniometry (Kruskop et al. 2019), therefore, until convincing evidence to the contrary, all Barbastellapopulations from eastern Afghanistan to Taiwan could be considered as a one species,Barbastella darjelingensis. This does not include populations from Central Asia (Kruskop 2015) and Japan (Kruskop et al. 2019), which represent separate species." 85198662,Eptesicus ognevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,ognevi,,,,,"Bobrinskii, 1918","

Previously included in E. bottae, this taxon has now been raised to species level (see Juste et al. 2013, Artyushin et al. 2018).

" 85198368,Eptesicus anatolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,anatolicus,,,,,"Felten, 1971","In previous Red List assessments, Eptesicus anatolicus was included within E. bottae. It is now considered a separate species (Benda et al. 2006, Juste et al. 2013, Artyushin et al. 2018)." 85200202,Eptesicus pachyomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,pachyomus,,,,,"Tomes, 1857","Previously this was included in E. serotinus (Simmons 2005), it has now been raised to species level (Juste et al. 2013), and includes four subspecies - E. p. pachyomus, E. p. andersoni, E. p. pallens and E. p. horikawai (Juste et al. 2013, Ruedi et al. 2018)." 85200107,Eptesicus isabellinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,isabellinus,,,,,"Temminck, 1840","Considered as subspecies of Eptesicus serotinus or even synonymized with it. Nevertheless, recent molecular analyses first using mitochondrial DNA (Ibáñez et al. 2006) and later nuclear markers (Juste et al. 2013) have shown that E. isabellinus is quite distant and isolated from E. serotinus and therefore a full valid species as it was already suggested by Benda et al. (2004, 2006) although morphologically very similar to the former. The Libyan nominal population seems isolated from the Western population which could be differentiated as E. isabellinus boscai (Juste et al. 2013)." 85200870,Hypsugo bemainty,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,bemainty,,,,,"Goodman, Rakotondramanana, Ramasindrazana, Kearney, Maonadjem, Schoeman, Taylor, Naughton & Appleton, 2015","This recently described species was thought to be closely related to African populations of H. anchietae (Bates et al. 2006), but on the basis of morphological and molecular data it has been shown to be distinct and endemic to Madagascar (Goodman et al. 2015)." 85201719,Hypsugo dolichodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,dolichodon,,,,,"Görföl, Csorba, Eger, Truong-Son & Francis, 2014",The taxon was described in 2014 based on specimens from Lao PDR and Vietnam. It belongs to the “pulveratus-group” of Hypsugo. 85202881,Hypsugo lanzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Hypsugo,lanzai,,,,,"Benda, Al-Jumaily, Reiter & Nasher, 2011", 178359,Teratoscincus przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Teratoscincus,przewalskii,,,,,"Strauch, 1887", 59880,Gynacantha vesiculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,vesiculata,,,,,"Karsch, 1891",This species was previously often confused with G. villosa (see Dijkstra 2005). 85281180,Leporinus acutidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,acutidens,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","Planquette et al. (1996) stated that the subspecies L. friderici acutidens has a concave anal fin margin while L. friderici friderici has a straight or convex margin. Sidlauskas and Vari left the taxonomic status and range of L. acutidens unresolved (as part of the L. friderici group) because there are no types known for L. acutidens, and the type locality given by Valenciennes was simply “South America”." 85281216,Megaleporinus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Megaleporinus,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Garavello & Britski, 1988)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 85281226,Brycon whitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,whitei,,,,,"Myers & Weitzman, 1960", 85281263,Myleus pacu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Myleus,pacu,,,,,"(Jardine, 1841)", 85281384,Triportheus venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Triportheus,venezuelensis,,,,,"Malabarba, 2004", 85281681,Curimata inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimata,inornata,,,,,"Vari, 1989",Sinonímia desconhecida. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 85281866,Prochilodus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Prochilodus,mariae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 85281922,Semaprochilodus brama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Semaprochilodus,brama,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1850)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 85281941,Semaprochilodus kneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Semaprochilodus,kneri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 85281990,Semaprochilodus laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Semaprochilodus,laticeps,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 85282006,Apistogramma elizabethae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,elizabethae,,,,,"Kullander, 1980",Não houve mudança na sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 85282054,Pterodoras rivasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Pterodoras,rivasi,,,,,"(Fernández-Yépez, 1950)", 60009,Proischnura subfurcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Proischnura,subfurcata,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)",The name of this species is often misspelt as P. subfurcatum. 60010,Pseudagrion acaciae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,acaciae,,,,,"Förster, 1906","Former records of Kenya correspond to P. niloticum. Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species belongs to group B." 60012,Pseudagrion bicoerulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,bicoerulans,,,,,"Martin, 1907","Subspecies bicoerulans is in central Kenya, elgonensi is in west Kenya and east Uganda, and kilimanjaricus is in north Tanzania." 60015,Pseudagrion gamblesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,gamblesi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1978","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group A." 60016,Pseudagrion glaucescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,glaucescens,,,,,"Selys, 1876","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group B." 158590,Pseudagrion glaucum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,glaucum,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1900)",The holotype of P. glaucum pertains to the species known as P. basicornu (Dijkstra unpubl.). 85289369,Nyctophilus bifax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,bifax,,,,,"Thomas, 1915","

This is the new taxonomic concept for Nyctophilus bifax. Previously, it included the western subspecies (N. bifax daedalus), occurring from western Queensland, the northern part of the Northern Territory, and northern Western Australia. Nyctophilus daedalus is now considered a separate species.

The previously recognised western subspecies Nyctophilus bifax daedalus is now regarded as a separate species N. daedalus (Thomas 1915), which is likely to be a composite of two or three species yet to be resolved (Parnaby 2009).

" 85289516,Nyctophilus corbeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,corbeni,,,,,"Parnaby, 2009",Nyctophilus corbeni was split from Nyctophilus timoriensis (Parnaby 2009). 85289614,Nyctophilus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,major,,,,,"Gray, 1844","This taxon was considered part of Nyctophilus timoriensis. It is now recognised as a separate species comprising two sub-species: Nyctophilus major tor, a sexually dimorphic form occupying the woodlands of temperate semi-arid and arid Western and South Australia, and N. m. major Gray, 1844 occupying the temperate forests of mesic south-western Australia (Parnaby 2009)." 85289826,Nyctophilus daedalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,daedalus,,,,,"Thomas, 1915", 85295233,Otonycteris leucophaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Otonycteris,leucophaea,,,,,"(Severcov, 1873)",This species has been split from Otonycteris hemprichii by Benda and Gvoždík (2010). 58352,Limnonectes macrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,macrognathus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)","This species is difficult to identify with certainty, especially in relation to Limnonectes doriae, L. pileata and L. plicatella." 2297,Atelognathus reverberii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Atelognathus,reverberii,,,,,"(Cei, 1969)", 60018,Pseudagrion hageni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,hageni,,,,,"Karsch, 1893","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group B." 60023,Pseudagrion kibalense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,kibalense,,,,,"Longfield, 1959","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group A." 6929,Lycalopex culpaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Lycalopex,culpaeus,,,,,"Molina, 1782","Several recent molecular studies have provided support for a monophyletic assemblage of South American endemic canids (Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005, Perini et al. 2010), withChrysocyon and Speothos forming a sister-clade to the monophyletic South American foxes and Atelocynus. On the basis of morphology, Zunino et al. (1995) reviewed previous work and also supported clustering species within the two previous paraphyletic genera (Pseudalopex, Lycalopex) into a single monophyletic genus. They further argued that Lycalopex had priority over Pseudalopex, subsequently also supported by Zrzavý et al. (2004: 324). The only outstanding question would have been whether Dusicyon would have been a more appropriate name, since Perini et al. (2010) reported a close relationship between L. culpaeus and Dusicyon. However, we now know that Dusicyon is far outside this clade (Slater et al. 2009, Austin et al. 2013). Based on this evidence, the genus Lycalopex is used over Pseudalopex for all South American foxes, following Wozencraft's (2005) earlier treatment." 85333758,Pipistrellus aladdin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,aladdin,,,,,"Thomas, 1905","This is a valid subspecies of P. pipistrellus (Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012, Benda and Gaisler 2015). However, it needs future revision to resolve its taxonomy and true distribution extent (Benda and Gailser 2015)." 55455,Hyloscirtus colymba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,colymba,,,,,"(Dunn, 1931)", 85342580,Tylonycteris pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Tylonycteris,pygmaeus,,,,,"Feng, Li & Wang, 2008", 85342605,Myotis annatessae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,annatessae,,,,,"Kruskop & Borisenko, 2013",A recently described taxa. Belongs to the Indochinese ‘mystacinus’ morphogroup. 85342628,Myotis badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,badius,,,,,"Tiunov, Kruskop & Feng, 2011", 85342651,Myotis secundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,secundus,,,,,"Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou, 2015","This small species of Myotis is known only from Taiwan (Ruedi et al. 2013 and 2015) and can be distinguished from other congeners in this island by its relatively long ears (reaching the tip of nose when laid forward), longer tibia (about 17 mm) and relatively short hind feet (about 8 mm, i.e. < than half tibia length).

" 85342662,Myotis soror,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,soror,,,,,"Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou, 2015","Owing to its short rostrum, raised frontal parts of braincase, angular skull shape and inwards displaced second upper premolars, Myotis soror is clearly related to the M. frater species complex (sensu Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001) and was described recently as an endemic species to Taiwan (Ruedi et al. 2015). It can be distinguished from sympatric M. frater by its larger size (forearm > 41 mm), and a relatively shorter tibia (ratio of tibia length by forearm length < 49%). The pelage colouration of the type specimen is rich reddish-brown (hence his common name) with slightly lighter tips on dorsal hairs, but other individuals caught more recently look darker, browner without frosted appearance. The species differs by at least 11% sequence divergence at the cytochrome b gene from any other sequenced Myotis species (Ruedi et al. 2013, 2015)." 85342688,Myotis indochinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,indochinensis,,,,,"Son, Görföl, Francis, Motokawa, Estök, Endo, Xuan Dang, Oshida & Csorba, 2013","The species was described by Son et al. (2013) based on Vietnamese specimens. Some specimens belonging to this species were confused with Myotis montivagus." 85342726,Myotis petax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,petax,,,,,"Hollister, 1912",Previously this was the subspecies Myotis daubentonii petax. It has now been raised to species level (Matveev et al. 2005). 60025,Pseudagrion massaicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,massaicum,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1909","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group B." 6928,Lycalopex gymnocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Lycalopex,gymnocercus,,,,,"G. Fischer, 1814","Several recent molecular studies have provided support for a monophyletic assemblage of South American endemic canids (Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005, Perini et al. 2010), with Chrysocyon and Speothos forming a sister-clade to the monophyletic South American foxes and Atelocynus. On the basis of morphology, Zunino et al. (1995) reviewed previous work and also supported clustering species within the two previous paraphyletic genera (Pseudalopex, Lycalopex) into a single monophyletic genus. They further argued that Lycalopex had priority over Pseudalopex, subsequently also supported by Zrzavý et al. (2004: 324). The only outstanding question would have been whether Dusicyon would have been a more appropriate name, since Perini et al. (2010) reported a close relationship between L. culpaeus and Dusicyon. However, we now know that Dusicyon is far outside this clade (Slater et al. 2009, Austin et al. 2013). Based on this evidence, the genus Lycalopex is used over Pseudalopex for all South American foxes, following Wozencraft's (2005) earlier treatment.

Two morphometric studies (Zunino et al. 2005, Prevosti et al. 2013) have suggested that Lycalopex gymnocercus and the Chilla (L. griseus) belong to the same species, with clinal differences in size. However, as Prevosti et al. (2013) note, most genetic studies have not recovered the two species as a monophyletic group (although see Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005). Given this uncertainty, and since both species are in any event assessed as Least Concern, we provisionally continue to recognize Pampas Fox and Chilla as two distinct species, pending further taxonomic investigations." 60026,Pseudagrion melanicterum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,melanicterum,,,,,"Selys, 1876","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group A." 60027,Pseudagrion niloticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,niloticum,,,,,"Dumont, 1978",Kenyan records have formerly been confused with Pseudagrion massaicum. 60028,Pseudagrion nubicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,nubicum,,,,,"Selys, 1876","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group B." 60029,Pseudagrion rufocinctum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,rufocinctum,,,,,"Pinhey, 1956",Pseudagrion risi rufocinctum is a synonym. 60030,Pseudagrion salisburyense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,salisburyense,,,,,"Ris, 1921","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species is part of group A." 60031,Pseudagrion sjoestedti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,sjoestedti,,,,,"Förster, 1906","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". P. sjoetedti is a B-group species." 60032,Pseudagrion spernatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,spernatum,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1881","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species belongs to group A." 60034,Pseudagrion sudanicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,sudanicum,,,,,"Le Roi, 1915","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". Pseudagrion sudanicum is a B group species." 61864,Odorrana absita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,absita,,,,,"(Stuart & Chan-ard, 2005)", 85534953,Plecotus ariel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,ariel,,,,,"Thomas, 1911",Previously considered as a synonym of P. austriacus. This taxon was elevated to species level by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Here considered as a distinct species. 85535176,Plecotus turkmenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,turkmenicus,,,,,"Strelkov, 1988",Previously considered as a synonym or subspecies of P. austriacus (Strelkov 1988). This taxon was elevated from a subspecies of P. auritus to species status by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). 85535146,Plecotus kozlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,kozlovi,,,,,"Bobrinskoj, 1926","Plecotus kozlovi was previously considered as a synonym of P. austriacus. Here it is considered as a distinct species (Spitzenberger et al. 2006). This species could be misidentified with P. turkmenicus, with which it was found in sympatry in at least three Mongolian localities, due to high morphological similarity (Kurdyukova and Kruskop 2017, Kruskop et al. in press)." 85535265,Plecotus wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,wardi,,,,,"Thomas, 1911",Previously considered as a synonym of P. austriacus. Here considered as a distinct species based on Spitzenberger et al. (2006). 85535363,Plecotus strelkovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,strelkovi,,,,,"Spitzenberger, 2006", 85537505,Plecotus homochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,homochrous,,,,,"Hodgson, 1847",Previously considered as a synonym or a subspecies of P. auritus. Considered as a distinct species following Spitzenberger et al. (2006). 136188,Odorrana indeprensa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,indeprensa,,,,,"(Bain & Stuart, 2006)", 85537971,Submyotodon latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Submyotodon,latirostris,,,,,"Kishida, 1932","

This small species related to Myotinae was considered as a subspecies of more widespread taxa such as Myotis muricola (e.g. Simmons 2005) or M. mystacinus (e.g. Tate 1941). However, global molecular studies (Stadelmann et al. 2007, Lack et al. 2010, Ruedi et al. 2013) showed that this species actually differs from any other known Myotis and appears in a basal position in the radiation of Myotinae (Ruedi et al. 2013). In addition, unique dental and cranial characters indicate that this species actually belongs to a distinct genus that is morphologically closely related to Submyotodon, a fossil Myotinae of Miocene age (Ziegler 2003). To reflect these large differences compared to all other species of Myotis, it is currently classified as S. latirostris (Ruedi et al. 2015) and is endemic to Taiwan. Other recent species belonging to the genus Submyotodon are found in the Himalayan region.

" 136181,Megophrys synoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,synoria,,,,,"(Stuart, Sok & Neang, 2006)", 58826,Philautus cardamonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,cardamonus,,,,,"Ohler, Swan & Daltry, 2002", 59019,Rhacophorus robinsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,robinsonii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903",This species was moved from the genus Rhacophorus to Leptomantis by Jiang et al. (2019). 2846,Bofilliella subarcuata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bofilliella,subarcuata,,,,,"(Bofill, 1897)", 5709,Cryptazeca monodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Cryptazeca,monodonta,,,,,"de Folin & Bérillon, 1877","For this species we have followed the proposal of Holyoak and Holyoak (2012), who consider Cryptazeca kobelti Gittenberger, 1983 a synonymous with C. monodonta. The former name has been used by some authors to designate populations of C. monodonta living in Spain." 5713,Cryptazeca spelaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Cryptazeca,spelaea,,,,,"Gómez, 1990", 7658,Elona quimperiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ELONIDAE,Elona,quimperiana,,,,,"(Blainville, 1821)",Arguments for Blainville as author of this species vs. Férussac are given by Falkner et al. (2002). 85566977,Myotis longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,longicaudatus,,,,,"Ognev, 1927","Previously listed as a subspecies of M. frater, it is now treated as a distinct species following Ruedi et al. (2015). The following obsolete subspecies of M. frater are now considered subspecies of M. longicaudatus: M. l. longicaudatus (Ognev 1927), M. l. eniseensis (Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001), and M. l. kaguyae (Imaizumi 1956)." 85567062,Myotis sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,sibiricus,,,,,"Kastschenko, 1905","This species belongs to the subgenus Aeorestes Fitzinger, 1870 (Stadelmann et al. 2007). Most close to Myotis brandtii and treated formerly within it (Corbet 1978, Pavlinov et al. 1995, Tiunov 1997, Simmons 2005). Known geographic hiatus between western and eastern populations of M. brandtii s. lato runs somewhat W of the Ob’ River. Animals captured east of the Ob’ are genetically identical to Far East M. gracilis and differ from M. brandtii s. str. (Kruskop et al. 2007, 2008, 2012; Zhigalin et al. 2016, 2019)." 49829649,Saccodon dariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Saccodon,dariensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 49830485,Ageneiosus pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Ageneiosus,pardalis,,,,,"Lütken, 1874", 85568289,Myotis borneoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,borneoensis,,,,,"Hill and Francis, 1984","This taxon was generally regarded until recently as a subspecies of M. montivagus but was elevated to species rank based on morphology and morphometrics by Görföl et al. (2013)." 85568302,Myotis federatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,federatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1916","The taxon was generally regarded until recently as the subspecies of M. montivagus but was elevated to species rank based on morphology and morphometrics by Görföl et al. (2013)." 85568321,Myotis peytoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,peytoni,,,,,"Wroughton and Ryley, 1913","This taxon was generally regarded until recently as the subspecies of M. montivagus but was elevated to species rank based on morphology and morphometrics by Görföl et al. (2013).
" 57630,Megophrys auralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,auralensis,,,,,"Ohler, Swan & Daltry, 2002", 135779,Megophrys lekaguli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,lekaguli,,,,,"Stuart, Chuaynkern, Chan-ard & Inger, 2006", 85574801,Xeroplexa coudensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xeroplexa,coudensis,,,,,"(G.A. Holyoak & D.T. Holyoak, 2010)", 5710,Cryptazeca subcylindrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Cryptazeca,subcylindrica,,,,,"de Folin & Bérillon, 1877","Cryptazeca vasconica (Kobelt, 1894) has been the name used for the population of this species in Spain, while the name C. subcylindica De Folin and Berillon, 1877 was used for the population of southwestern France. After the revision of Holyoak and Holyoak (2012), the names are considered synonymous, with C. subcylindica as the senior name." 6059,Cylichnidia ovuliformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cylichnidia,ovuliformis,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 15769,Oxychilus basajauna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,basajauna,,,,,"Atlonaga, 1990", 15771,Mediterranea amaltheae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,amaltheae,,,,,"(A. Riedel & Subai, 1982)", 16247,Drusia tenerifensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Drusia,tenerifensis,,,,,"Alonso, Ibáñez & Diaz, 1985", 20077,Ferussacia clausiliaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Ferussacia,clausiliaeformis,,,,,"Alonso & Ibáñez, 1992","Contrary to the suggestion in the original paper (Alonso et al. 1992), clausliaeformis is most probably not a Sculptiferussacia, which is conchologically a very different African genus. Most probably it has to be described as a subgenus within the not yet named genus of Canarian endemic Ferussaciids. The work on that was in progress (K. Groh pers. comm. 2016) and was confirmed in late 2019, when it was moved from genus Sculptiferussacia to genus Ferussacia (E. Neubert (pers. comm. 2019)." 21385,Tandonia nigra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,nigra,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1849)", 23031,Vitrea striata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,striata,,,,,"Norris, Paul & Riedel, 1988", 23213,Zonites anaphiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,anaphiensis,,,,,"Riedel & Mylonas, 1981", 23258,Zospeum biscaiense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,biscaiense,,,,,"Gómez & Prieto, 1983", 62287,Alopia bielzii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,bielzii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1849)","This species has three subspecies, which are the following: A. bielzii bielzii (L. Pfeiffer, 1849), A. bielzii clathrata (E.A. Bielz 1856), A. bielzii madensis (C. Fuss 1855), A. bielzii tenuis (E.A. Bielz 1861)." 155360,Spelaeodiscus triarius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEODISCIDAE,Spelaeodiscus,triarius,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)","This species is recently classified in the (sub)genus Aspasita.

According to Bank (2017) it has three subspecies:
S. triarius tatricus (Hazay, 1883)
S. triarius triarius (Rossmässler, 1839), and
S. triarius trinodis (M. von Kimakowicz, 1883)." 170589,Carychium biondii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Carychium,biondii,,,,,"Paulucci, 1882",Welter-Schultes (2012) states that the identity of this species should be revised since it is very similar to other species in its genus. 170590,Carychium hellenicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Carychium,hellenicum,,,,,"Bank & E. Gittenberger, 1985", 170594,Carychium paganettii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Carychium,paganettii,,,,,"Zimmermann, 1925","Research is needed into the genus Carychium, as the validity of some species is doubtful. This species may be a synonym of C. mariae (A. Jochum pers. comm. 2016)." 170600,Myosotella myosotis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Myosotella,myosotis,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","Myosotella denticulata was previously thought to extend into the Mediterranean basin along the European coast. However, following examination of dissected records, the records from the Mediterranean now refer to another species (A. Frias Martin pers. comm. 2017).

A large number of names have been synonymised with this species. The species within this genus are in need of further taxonomic study. There are at least three species in Europe, with data not available for North Africa:

  • Myosotella myosotis (continental European Mediterranean, from Valência to Dalmatia;
  • Myosotella denticulata (perhaps a species complex; continental European Atlantic from Cádis to England); and
  • Myosotella cf letourneuxi (perhaps a species complex; eastern Mediterranean, islands and Turkey.
" 170610,Zospeum turriculatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,turriculatum,,,,,"Allegretti, 1944","This is part of a species complex which is in need of revision. Some authors e.g. Manganelli et al. (1995), and more recently, Nardi (2015) consider the species as part of Zospeum globosum, whilst others (e.g., Bank 2017), have maintained the taxon. G. Nardi (pers. comm. 2017) comments that both Z. cariadeghense and Z. turriculatum have very variable shell shape (there are many intermediate forms between the turriculated shells and the globular shells) and anatomical differences (genitalia) are not found." 170611,Zospeum subobesum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,subobesum,,,,,"Bole, 1974", 170612,Zospeum suarezi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,suarezi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1980", 170613,Zospeum spelaeum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,spelaeum,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1839)", 170614,Zospeum schaufussi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,schaufussi,,,,,"Von Frauenfeld, 1862",The identity of records of this species from Navarra (Escolà and Bech 1986) require confirmation. Altonoga et al. (1994) suggest that the Navarra records may refer to another species. 170615,Zospeum pretneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,pretneri,,,,,"Bole, 1960", 170616,Zospeum obesum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,obesum,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1854)", 170617,Zospeum lautum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,lautum,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1854)","De Mattia (2003) suggests that this species requires review, and that it may be a form of Z. speleum." 170618,Zospeum kusceri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,kusceri,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1912", 170619,Zospeum isselianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,isselianum,,,,,"Pollonera, 1887", 170620,Zospeum globosum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,globosum,,,,,"Kuščer, 1928","Zospeum galvagnii and Zospeum cariadeghense have both been considered to be synonyms of this taxon by Manganelli et al. (1995), although all three are retained as separate taxa by Bank (2017)." 170621,Zospeum galvagnii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,galvagnii,,,,,"Conci, 1956","This species was considered by Manganelli et al. (1995) to be part of Z. globosum, but kept by Fauna Europea (R. Bank pers. comm. 2017) as a separate taxon. G. Nardi (pers. comm. 2017) comments that there are no anatomical or shell differences found between this species and G. globosum." 170622,Zospeum frauenfeldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,frauenfeldi,,,,,"(Freyer, 1855)", 170624,Zospeum cariadeghense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,cariadeghense,,,,,"Allegretti, 1944","This is part of a species complex which is in need of revision. Some authors e.g. Manganelli et al. (1995), and more recently, Nardi (2015) consider the species as part of Zospeum globosum, whilst others have maintained the taxon. G. Nardi (pers. comm. 2017) comments that both Z. cariadeghense (and Z. turriculatum) have very variable shell shape (there are many intermediate forms between the turriculated shells and the globular shells) and anatomical differences (genitalia) are not found." 170625,Zospeum bellesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,bellesi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1973", 170626,Zospeum amoenum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,amoenum,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1856)", 170627,Zospeum alpestre,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,alpestre,,,,,"(Freyer, 1855)","Several subspecies have been described for this species. Zospeum alpestre kupitzense is now considered a species (Zospeum kupitzense (A. Stummer, 1984); Jochum et al. 2015).

It has also been proposed that subspecies Zospeum alpestre likanum Bole, 1960 be raised to species level (Slapnik and Ozimec 2004, Weigand 2013), however the taxonomic position of this taxon is unclear, and it should be kept as a subspecies of Z. alpestre until more genetic data are available (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2017)." 170628,Zospeum allegrettii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,allegrettii,,,,,"Conci, 1956",According to Manganelli et al. (1995) this species is conspecific with Z. globosum. G. Nardi (pers. comm. 2017) comments that there are no anatomical or shell differences found between this species and G. globosum. 170639,Deroceras adolphi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,adolphi,,,,,"Wiktor, 1998", 170641,Deroceras altimirai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,altimirai,,,,,"van Regteren Altena, 1969", 170642,Deroceras astypalaeensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,astypalaeensis,,,,,"Wiktor & Mylonas, 1992", 170643,Deroceras attemsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,attemsi,,,,,"(Simroth, 1904)","Taxonomic experts argue that the specimen used to describe the species could be distorted, thus the species might be misidentified. Therefore, it is very likely that it belongs to a different species, with a wider distribution. In the light of this information, the species could be characterized as Data Deficient (DD)." 170645,Deroceras bistimulatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,bistimulatum,,,,,"Wiktor, 2000", 170646,Deroceras boeoticum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,boeoticum,,,,,"Wiktor, 1984", 170647,Deroceras boettgeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,boettgeri,,,,,"(Simroth, 1889)", 170648,Deroceras bulgaricum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,bulgaricum,,,,,"Grossu, 1969","Deroceras bulgaricum was described after a single specimen only, and it has never been collected again after description (Wiktor 1983). According to Welter-Schultes (2010), the holotype was seriously damaged, and the original description was inaccurate." 170649,Deroceras bureschi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,bureschi,,,,,"(H. Wagner, 1934)","This species belongs to the subgenus Liolytopelte, which is occasionally used on generic level." 170651,Deroceras cazioti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,cazioti,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1896)",Falkner et al. (2001) considered that Wiktor (2000) confirmed the validity of this species. 170652,Deroceras chevallieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,chevallieri,,,,,"van Regteren Altena, 1973","This species was considered valid by Wiktor (2000), but he noted that it looks like a juvenile of the widespread and common D. reticulatum and can only be confirmed by dissection, so it is maybe under-recorded." 170653,Deroceras chrysorroyatissensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,chrysorroyatissensis,,,,,"Rähle, 1984",The species name has changed to Deroceras chrysorroyatissense. 170654,Deroceras corsicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,corsicum,,,,,"(Simroth, 1900)", 170656,Deroceras cycladicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,cycladicum,,,,,"Wiktor & Mylonas, 1981", 170659,Deroceras dewinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,dewinteri,,,,,"Maassen, 2000", 170661,Deroceras famagustensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,famagustensis,,,,,"Rähle, 1991", 170662,Deroceras gavdosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,gavdosensis,,,,,"Wiktor, Vardinoyannis & Mylonas, 1994", 170664,Deroceras golcheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,golcheri,,,,,"van Regteren Altena, 1962","There are morphologically similar taxa that warrant research:
(1) slugs from the island of Montecristo near Elba (Giusti 1976)
(2) slugs from Corsica (Wiktor 2000, Fig. 267)
(3) slugs of D. panormitanum of the cecconii or cecconii var. ilvatica morphs (Giusti 1976) from the Italian mainland and Elba." 170665,Deroceras gorgonium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,gorgonium,,,,,"Wiktor, Vardinoyannis & Mylonas, 1994", 170666,Deroceras halieos,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,halieos,,,,,"de Winter & Butot, 1986", 170667,Deroceras ikaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,ikaria,,,,,"P.L. Reischütz, 1983","Taxonomic experts that have examined the type specimens argue that this specimen could have been misidentified. According to their view, the specimen could belong to another Deroceras species that is found in close-by Aegean Islands (Wiktor 2001)." 170668,Deroceras johannae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,johannae,,,,,"de Winter & Butot, 1985",According to Welter-Schultes (2012) the species should be considered a synonym of D. keaense; however this requires further confirmation. Wiktor (2001) considered it as a valid species. 170669,Deroceras karnaniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,karnaniensis,,,,,"Wiktor, 1984", 170670,Deroceras kasium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,kasium,,,,,"Rähle, 1993", 170671,Deroceras keanense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,keanense,,,,,"van Regteren Altena, 1973","The genus name Deroceras is of neuter gender, so the species name is spelt keanense." 170672,Deroceras klemmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,klemmi,,,,,"Grossu, 1972", 170673,Deroceras korthionensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,korthionensis,,,,,"De Winter & Butot, 1985", 170674,Deroceras kythirensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,kythirensis,,,,,"Wiktor, Vardinoyannis & Mylonas, 1994", 170676,Deroceras lasithionensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,lasithionensis,,,,,"Wiktor, Vardinoyannis & Mylonas, 1994", 170677,Deroceras levisarcobelum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,levisarcobelum,,,,,"de Winter, 1986",The difficulties in distinguishing this species from D. altimirai leads to confusing distribution information. De Winter (1986) doubts about the taxonomic status of some subpopulations from the Haute-Garonne and Haute-Pyrénées in France. He also considers that Deroceras altimirai occurs in a small coastal region of the Pyrénées-Orientales in France. Bertrand (2004) gives three localities in the Pyrénées-Orientales but thinks that these specimens should rather be assigned to D. altimirai. 170679,Deroceras lothari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,lothari,,,,,"Giusti, 1973", 170680,Deroceras maasseni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,maasseni,,,,,"Wiktor, 1996", 170682,Deroceras melinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,melinum,,,,,"Wiktor & Mylonas, 1981", 170683,Deroceras minoicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,minoicum,,,,,"Wiktor, Vardinoyannis & Mylonas, 1994", 170684,Deroceras moldavicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,moldavicum,,,,,"(Grossu & Lupu, 1961)","This species belongs to the subgenus Liolytopelte, which is occasionally used on the generic level." 170685,Deroceras neuteboomi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,neuteboomi,,,,,"Forcart, 1972", 170687,Deroceras nyphoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,nyphoni,,,,,"de Winter & Butot, 1986", 170688,Deroceras occidentale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,occidentale,,,,,"(Grossu & Lupu, 1966)","This species belongs to the subgenus Liolytopelte, which is occasionally used on generic level. The genus name Deroceras is of neuter gender, so the species name is spelt occidentale, contrary to some usages of the name." 170689,Deroceras oertzeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,oertzeni,,,,,"(Simroth, 1889)", 170690,Deroceras pageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,pageti,,,,,"Grossu, 1972", 170691,Deroceras panormitanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,panormitanum,,,,,"(Lessona & Pollonera, 1882)","This species is vulnerable to confusion with other Deroceras species including D. invadens Reise et al. 2011 and D. laeve (Muller, 1774). Deroceras panormitanum was only recently recognised as distinct (Reise et al. 2011), until which the name was widely applied to what should now be called D. invadens. It may not be reliably distinguishable from these species without dissection." 170692,Deroceras parium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,parium,,,,,"Wiktor & Mylonas, 1981", 170693,Deroceras parnasium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,parnasium,,,,,"Wiktor, 1984", 170696,Deroceras praecox,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,praecox,,,,,"Wiktor, 1966", 170697,Deroceras pseudopanormitanum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,pseudopanormitanum,,,,,"Wiktor, 1984", 170698,Deroceras rethimnonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,rethimnonensis,,,,,"De Winter & Butot, 1986", 170700,Deroceras rhodensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,rhodensis,,,,,"Forcart, 1972", 170702,Deroceras samium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,samium,,,,,"Rähle, 1983", 170704,Deroceras seriphium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,seriphium,,,,,"Wiktor & Mylonas, 1981", 170705,Deroceras sturanyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,sturanyi,,,,,"(Simroth, 1894)", 170707,Deroceras tauricum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,tauricum,,,,,"(Simroth, 1901)", 170723,Otina ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,OTINIDAE,Otina,ovata,,,,,"(T. Brown, 1827)", 170830,Albinaria spratti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,spratti,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 170843,Albinaria leonisorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,leonisorum,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1901)","The species is not considered valid by Welter-Schultes (2010, 2012)." 170844,Zonites pergranulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,pergranulatus,,,,,"Kobelt, 1878", 170848,Gollumia torumbilicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gollumia,torumbilicata,,,,,"Schütt, 2001", 170849,Albinaria praeclara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,praeclara,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)", 170860,Vitrea binderi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,binderi,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1972", 170872,Lindbergia beroni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,beroni,,,,,"Riedel, 1984", 170899,Lindbergia stylokamarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,stylokamarae,,,,,"Riedel, 1981", 170900,Limax maximus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,maximus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This species is vulnerable to confusion with some other, less well-known Limax species in southern Europe." 170932,Vitrea keaana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,keaana,,,,,"Riedel & Mylonas, 1981", 170937,Mediterranea pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Mediterranea,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Riedel, 1983)", 170942,Charpentieria kobeltiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,kobeltiana,,,,,"(Küster, 1876)", 170955,Albinaria klemmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,klemmi,,,,,"O. Paget, 1971", 170964,Albinaria violacea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,violacea,,,,,"Schilthuizen & E. Gittenberger, 1990", 170966,Albinaria maltzani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,maltzani,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)", 171012,Albinaria candida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,candida,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)", 171034,Lindbergia pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,pinteri,,,,,"Riedel, 1981", 171044,Albinaria tenuicostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,tenuicostata,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1864)", 171047,Delima giselae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Delima,giselae,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914", 171050,Albinaria cretensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,cretensis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 171061,Vitrea subcarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,subcarinata,,,,,"(Clessin, 1877)", 171063,Albinaria idaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,idaea,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)", 171100,Oxychilus aegopinoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,aegopinoides,,,,,"(von Maltzan, 1883)", 171101,Albinaria torticollis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,torticollis,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)", 171106,Cecilioides jeskalovicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,jeskalovicensis,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914","Some authors have placed this as a synonym of the widespread species C. acicula, however Stamol (2010) gives shell characters that separate the two taxa." 171127,Albinaria turrita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,turrita,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)", 171131,Zonites santoriniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,santoriniensis,,,,,"Riedel & Norris, 1987", 171138,Vitrea pieperiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,pieperiana,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1977", 171167,Hypnophila cyclothyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,cyclothyra,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1885)", 171170,Alopia straminicollis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,straminicollis,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1852)", 171178,Vitrea pageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,pageti,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1978", 171182,Albinaria amalthea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,amalthea,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1878)", 171188,Oxychilus superfluus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,superfluus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1849)", 171196,Albinaria rebeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,rebeli,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1924", 171197,Albinaria moreletiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,moreletiana,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171200,Cochlodina liburnica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,liburnica,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1919)", 171211,Zonites embolium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,embolium,,,,,"Fuchs & Käufel, 1936", 171212,Albinaria brevicollis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,brevicollis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1850)", 171221,Lindbergia pageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,pageti,,,,,"Riedel, 1968", 171229,Albinaria subaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,subaii,,,,,"(H. Nordsieck, 1984)", 171246,Zonites nikariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,nikariae,,,,,"Pfeffer, 1930", 171247,Albinaria corrugata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,corrugata,,,,,"(Bruguière, 1792)", 171255,Pleurodiscus cyprius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PLEURODISCIDAE,Pleurodiscus,cyprius,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1896)", 171260,Albinaria greeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,greeni,,,,,"Tomlin, 1935", 171289,Albinaria fulvula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,fulvula,,,,,"Flach, 1988","The validity of the species has been questioned (Vardinoyannis 1994) and the taxon is also presented as a subspecies of A. corrugata (Welter-Schultes 2010, 2012)." 171304,Zonites astakidae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,astakidae,,,,,"Riedel, 1985","More research is required into the systematic position and validity of this species; see Kornilios et al. (2009), who found that the morphological differentiation between this and some other members of the genus was not reflected at the genetic level." 171324,Albinaria wiesei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,wiesei,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1988", 171340,Lindbergia pseudoillyrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,pseudoillyrica,,,,,"Riedel, 1960","Riedel (1992) reports that the population on the Avgo Islet off Crete almost certainly represents a new species or subspecies. He also reports Lindbergia sp. (nova) aff. pseudoillyrica from the Island of Iraklia (Cyclades), a form similar with L. pseudoillyrica, which is potentially a new species of the genus, endemic to the Island of Iraklia." 171360,Albinaria arthuriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,arthuriana,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171362,Albinaria ulrikae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,ulrikae,,,,,"Schilthuizen & E. Gittenberger, 1990","The species is accepted as valid by Nordsieck (2016) but not by Welter-Schultes (2010), who considers it as a form of A. violacea. " 171379,Clausilia dubia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,dubia,,,,,"Draparnaud, 1805",A significant number of subspecies have been described for this species. 171394,Vitrea klemmi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,klemmi,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1972", 171399,Milax aegaeicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Milax,aegaeicus,,,,,"Wiktor & Mylonas, 1986", 171413,Zonites sariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,sariae,,,,,"Riedel, 1985", 171423,Albinaria janicollis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,janicollis,,,,,"Welter-Schultes & Wiese, 1991", 171425,Albinaria sturanyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,sturanyi,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1924", 171431,Albinaria janisadana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,janisadana,,,,,"Loosjes, 1955", 171432,Vitrea storchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,storchi,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1978","Örstan (2014) reported three individuals (one mature and two juvenile) from the Karaburun peninsula on the Turkish coast opposite Chios Island, and tentatively identified them as Vitrea storchi. The specimens are considered here as V. aff. storchi (M. Seddon pers. comm. 2017). The identity of these records requires confirmation." 171435,Albinaria adriani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,adriani,,,,,"(E. Gittenberger, 1987)", 171453,Schistophallus spratti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Schistophallus,spratti,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1892)", 171455,Zonitoides excavatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Zonitoides,excavatus,,,,,"(Alder, 1830)", 171462,Schistophallus seidli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Schistophallus,seidli,,,,,"(Riedel, 1999)", 171463,Albinaria virginea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,virginea,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)","The validity of the species has been questioned (Welter-Schultes 2010, 2012)." 171466,Albinaria hippolyti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,hippolyti,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171467,Gyralina formosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,formosa,,,,,"Riedel & Subai, 1993", 171478,Oxychilus diaphanellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,diaphanellus,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1836)", 171480,Albinaria unicolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,unicolor,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1878)", 171488,Milax cyprius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Milax,cyprius,,,,,"(Simroth, 1906)","Milax cyprius is usually seen as synonym of Milax barypus Bourguignat, 1866, but Rähle (1991) lists several differences." 171489,Arion subfuscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,subfuscus,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","This species can only be distinguished from the closely related A. fuscus (Müller, 1774) and certain other species by dissection or genetic data." 171508,Albinaria eburnea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,eburnea,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1854)", 171511,Amphorella cimensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,cimensis,,,,,"Walden, 1983", 171517,Albinaria ariadne,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,ariadne,,,,,"Schilthuizen & E. Gittenberger, 1991","Vardinoyannis (1994) and Welter-Schultes (2010) raise some doubts about the taxonomic validity of the species, which has to be further explored." 171519,Albinaria terebra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,terebra,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)", 171538,Albinaria retusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,retusa,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)", 171543,Albinaria sphakiota,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,sphakiota,,,,,"(von Maltzan, 1887)", 171550,Pleurodiscus sudensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PLEURODISCIDAE,Pleurodiscus,sudensis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 171588,Zonites siphnicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,siphnicus,,,,,"Fuchs & Käufel, 1936", 171611,Albinaria troglodytes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,troglodytes,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)","The species is accepted as valid by Nordsieck (2016) but not by Welter-Schultes (2010), who considers it as a form of A. cretensis." 171612,Albinaria mavromoustakisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,mavromoustakisi,,,,,"R.A. Brandt, 1961", 171651,Calaxis cypria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Calaxis,cypria,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1896)","Calaxis cypria is often treated as synonym of Calaxis hierosolymarum (Roth, 1855) (e.g. Zilch 1973, Schütt 2010, Welter-Schultes 2012), with a wider distribution to Palestine, Israel, and Syria. However Calaxis cypria is maintained in the most recent revision of Fauna Europeae (Bank 2017)." 171654,Albinaria xanthostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,xanthostoma,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1883)","Welter-Schultes (2010, 2012) questions the taxonomic validity of the species considering it as part of A. cretensis. However Welter-Schultes (2013) lists them as different." 171663,Zonites invitus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,invitus,,,,,"Riedel & Mylonas, 1995", 171666,Lindbergia orbicularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Lindbergia,orbicularis,,,,,"(Riedel, 1962)", 171680,Albinaria fuchskaeufeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,fuchskaeufeli,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1977", 171686,Limax cephalonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,cephalonicus,,,,,"Simroth, 1886","Bank et al. (2013) lists severarl subspecies. According to Dhora and Welter-Schultes (1996) Limax albanicus Jaeckel, 1954 is also a synonym." 171689,Vitrea ossaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,ossaea,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1983",Welter-Schultes (2012) suggested that this species may be a form of V. neglecta. 171690,Schistophallus minoicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Schistophallus,minoicus,,,,,"(Riedel, 1968)", 171698,Albinaria proteus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,proteus,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1889)",A. unicolor from Saria Island is now considered a separate species. 171701,Albinaria teres,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,teres,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)", 171710,Vitrea pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,pinteri,,,,,"Riedel & Subai, 1991", 171719,Albinaria li,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,li,,,,,"Welter-Schultes, 1999", 171723,Albinaria jaeckeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,jaeckeli,,,,,"Wiese, 1990", 171725,Albinaria christae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,christae,,,,,"Wiese, 1989", 171728,Albinaria rollei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,rollei,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1896)", 171735,Albinaria saxatilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,saxatilis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 171741,Albinaria wettsteini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,wettsteini,,,,,"Fuchs & Käufel, 1936", 171753,Zonites nisyrius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,nisyrius,,,,,"Riedel & Mylonas, 1997", 171766,Zonites nautarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Zonites,nautarum,,,,,"Riedel & Mylonas, 1995", 171774,Gyralina epeirotica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Gyralina,epeirotica,,,,,"Riedel, 1983", 171775,Albinaria rechingeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,rechingeri,,,,,"O. Paget, 1971", 171778,Limax hemmeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,hemmeni,,,,,"Rähle, 1983",More detailed studies are required to resolve the systematic position of the taxon. 75885387,Alinda serbica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,serbica,,,,,"(Moellendorff, 1873)",Walter-Schultes (2012) uses the name 'serbiana'. 84559194,Virpazaria nicoleae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STROBILOPSIDAE,Virpazaria,nicoleae,,,,,"A. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2012", 85541868,Arion vulgaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,vulgaris,,,,,"Moquin-Tandon, 1855","It is important to note that this widespread pest species has been, and still is, incorrectly called A. lusitanicus Mabille, 1868 or ""A. lusitanicus auctt. non Mabille, 1868"" (e.g. Dreijers et al. 2013). This account does not concern the true A. lusitanicus Mabille which is restricted to Portugal (Castillejo 1998, Quinteiro et al. 2005, Welter-Schultes 2012, Dreijers et al. 2013, Pfenninger et al. 2014, Rowson et al. 2014). Systematic and nomenclatural works by several authors are ongoing (e.g. R. Bank pers. comm. 2015).

This species is a member of a group of large Arion species which have often been confused with one another, and sometimes require dissection for successful identification. The species include A. ater (Linnaeus, 1758); A. rufus (Linnaeus, 1758); A. vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (=lusitanicus auctt. non Mabille); A. lusitanicus Mabille, 1868; A. flagellus Collinge, 1893 and others." 59870,Gomphidia bredoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,bredoi,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)",Gomphidia madi is considered as a pale variation of G. bredoi (Dijkstra unpubl.). 168007,Hemicordulia africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,africana,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2007","Regarded as Hemicordulia asiatica Selys, 1878 but according to Dijkstra (pers. comm.) this is a separate species. There are major taxonomic uncertainties around this taxon." 59894,Ictinogomphus ferox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,ferox,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 59899,Lestes dissimulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,dissimulans,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 85588054,Tsoukatosia evauemgei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,evauemgei,,,,,"A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2012", 59900,Lestes ictericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,ictericus,,,,,"Gerstäcker, 1869",This species has been confused in the past with Lestes ochraceus and L. pallidus (Gambles 1976) and records must be revised carefully. 85591839,Helix thessalica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,thessalica,,,,,"O. Boettger, 1886", 59901,Lestes ochraceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,ochraceus,,,,,"Selys, 1862",Confused in the past with L. ictericus and L. pallidus (Gambles 1976) and records must be revised carefully. 59903,Lestes pinheyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,pinheyi,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 59904,Lestes plagiatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,plagiatus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 85596905,Hohenwartiana disparata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Hohenwartiana,disparata,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1891)","Following the review of the type series of Cionella disparata Westerlund, 1891 by Martínez-Ortí (2002) and the type series of Ferussacia eucharista Bourguignat, 1864 by Falkner et al. (2002), the species is placed here in the genus Hohenwartiana." 85612216,Anilios fossor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,fossor,,,,,"Shea, 2015", 59905,Lestes tridens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,tridens,,,,,"McLachlan, 1895", 59906,Lestes uncifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,uncifer,,,,,"Karsch, 1899", 59907,Lestes virgatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,virgatus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 59908,Lestinogomphus angustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,angustus,,,,,"Martin, 1911","This species is often mixed up with L. africanus, of which the systematic status remains unclear." 59914,Microgomphus schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,schoutedeni,,,,,"Fraser, 1949","The whole genus Microgomphus is very elusive and this is why only a few specimens have ever been collected. The taxonomy is still not settled and Microgomphus schoutedeni might pertain to M. nyassicus, which will become the nominate species." 59923,Neurogomphus featheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neurogomphus,featheri,,,,,"Pinhey, 1967", 41790,Rusa unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Rusa,unicolor,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","

Most 19th and 20th century sources placed the Sambar in the genus Cervus, as C. unicolor, but Grubb (1990) resurrected the genus Rusa for this and allied species. This was followed by Groves (2003) and Grubb (2005). Groves (2006) pointed out that Chinese Sambar has not traditionally been separated, even at a subspecific level, from Indomalayan R. u. equinus, despite karyotype differences (Groves and Grubb 1987) and some clear pelage differences, indicating that taxonomic revision may be forthcoming. Later still Groves and Grubb (2011) divided Sambar into two species, Southeast Asian Sambar C. equinus of SE Asia (including NE India) and southern China, and residual Indian Sambar C. unicolor of South Asia, based on a variety of morphological differences (no mention was made of ‘Chinese Sambar’). They gave no sample sizes or information on animals in the area where the two forms abut, making it difficult to assess the validity of the proposal. This warrants priority investigation because the distributions of the two species mean that the western form is relatively secure, with large subpopulations in many well-managed protected areas, whereas the eastern form has very few apparently secure subpopulations and would, if assessed separately, warrant a Red List Category at least one level more threatened than that for the western form.


Throughout at least Indochina there is a predictable flow of reports of ‘novel’ variation in large deer, with the implication that a new species may be involved (e.g. Pham Trong Anh et al. 1996 and, particularly, surveys through local people by overseas consultants); these stem from Sambar (often young animals) with unbranched antlers." 4055,Calyptocephalella gayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CALYPTOCEPHALELLIDAE,Calyptocephalella,gayi,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)", 85646524,Hipposideros tephrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,tephrus,,,,,"Cabrera, 1906",Formerly considered part of the Hipposideros caffer complex as Hipposideros caffer tephrus. Taxonomic revision by Vallo et al. (2008) established it as a distinct species. 85646546,Hipposideros khasiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,khasiana,,,,,"Thabah, Rossiter, Kingston, Zhang, Parsons, Mya Mya, Zubaid & Jones, 2006","This is a recently described species derived from H. larvatus complex from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India (Thabah et al. 2006). This species is considered distinct basing on differences in echolocation call frequencies and genetic divergence (Thabah et al. 2006)." 59929,Notogomphus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1857)","Notogomphus speciosus (Sjöstedt, 1909) is a possible synonym." 59933,Notogomphus lecythus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,lecythus,,,,,"Campion, 1923", 14925,Nyctereutes procyonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Nyctereutes,procyonoides,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)","There are six recognized subspecies: albus, koreensis, orestes, procyonoides, ussuriensis and viverrinus. It has been suggested recently that Japanese Raccoon Dogs should be classified as a distinct species Nyctereutes viverrinus with two subspecies N. v. viverrinus and N. v. albus (Sang-In et al. 2015). The classification is based on chromosomal, molecular and morphological differences between Japanese and mainland populations (see also Kauhala and Saeki 2004a)." 59934,Notogomphus leroyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,leroyi,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)", 59935,Notogomphus lujai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Notogomphus,lujai,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)", 44581311,Atractus punctiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,punctiventris,,,,,"Amaral, 1933", 155730,Galba truncatula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Galba,truncatula,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)","Lymnaea (Galba) truncatula. As Bargues et al. (2001) in their genetic study of the Lymnaeidae state: 'The present knowledge on the genetics of lymnaeids and on their parasite-host inter-relationships is far from being sufficient. The family is immersed in a systematic-taxonomic confusion.' This means that some authors consider the names between brackets as distinct genera and others as subgenera. The assessor followed Brown (1994) and Appleton (1996) who use Lymnaea as the generic name but considers that the taxonomic issue has not yet been satisfactorily resolved." 170188,Acanthopagrus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,randalli,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2009","Acanthopagrus randalli, a new sparid species, is described on the basis of two specimens, collected from Bahrain and Kuwait in the Arabian Gulf, respectively (Iwatsuki and Carpenter 2009)." 19718565,Mesothuria edwardensis,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,SYNALLACTIDAE,Mesothuria,edwardensis,,,,,"Massin, 1992", 169967,Nephrops norvegicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,NEPHROPIDAE,Nephrops,norvegicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 48342396,Ophioblennius clippertonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Ophioblennius,clippertonensis,,,,,"Springer, 1962",Previously this species was considered a synonym of Ophioblennius steindachneri (Hastings and Springer 2009). 183703,Thalassoma robertsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Thalassoma,robertsoni,,,,,"Allen, 1995", 183739,Xyrichtys wellingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Xyrichtys,wellingtoni,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1995", 183961,Stegastes baldwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,baldwini,,,,,"Allen & Woods, 1980", 183326,Pseudogramma axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,axelrodi,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1995", 85707170,Rhinolophus perditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,perditus,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1918", 61878,Gracixalus ananjevae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,ananjevae,,,,,"(Matsui & Orlov, 2004)", 85712849,Peripodisma ceraunii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Peripodisma,ceraunii,,,,,"Lemonnier-Darcemont & Darcemont, 2015", 47406921,Lutjanus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,papuensis,,,,,"Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013", 85733126,Myotis escalerai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,escalerai,,,,,"Cabrera, 1904","

It was first described by Cabrera in 1904 using morphological characters. It was then synonymized with Myotis nattereri until recently when the use of mitochondrial and nuclear markers has supported its total differentiation as a valid species (Ibáñez et al., 2006, Salicini et al., 2011, 2013) within the group of species that conform the ‘nattereri species complex’.

" 85735909,Myotis rufoniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,rufoniger,,,,,"(Tomes, 1858)","The specific distinctness of M. rufoniger was demonstrated by Csorba et al. (2014). " 85736011,Myotis weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,weberi,,,,,"Jentink, 1890","Previously regarded as a subspecies of the widespread M. formosus, but its specific distinctness was evidenced by Csorba et al. (2014). Consequently, all records of M. formosus from Sulawesi (Celebes) should be attributed to this species." 85736277,Pipistrellus grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,grandidieri,,,,,"(Dobson, 1876)","Two subspecies are recognized by Thorn et al. (2007): Pipistrellus grandidieri grandidieri from East Africa and Pipistrellus grandidieri angolensis from Angola, Malawi and Cameroon. Thorn et al. (2007) also proposed a new subgenus Afropipistellus, which was also used by Monadjem et al. (2010). Taxonomy and range extent are still controversial. West African specimens recently assigned to P. cf. grandidieri may be a separate species." 85736948,Roeseliana oporina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Roeseliana,oporina,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1887)",The species was assigned to the genus Roeseliana (from Metrioptera) by Song et al. (2015). 85801039,Liolaemus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,annectens,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 59945,Onychogomphus styx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,styx,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 59972,Paragomphus alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,alluaudi,,,,,"(Martin, 1915)","Owing to its poor description, the true identity of Paragomphus alluaudi (Martin, 1915) has remained unclear. Dijkstra & Clausnitzer (in prep.) consider a species occurring in the border region of Kenya and Tanzania as the true P. alluaudi." 59974,Paragomphus cognatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,cognatus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","A dark form, P. nguelicus, occurs in southern Africa. The taxonomy of the cognatus group of Paragomphus is unresolved and in urgent need of a throughout revision." 59975,Paragomphus elpidius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,elpidius,,,,,"(Ris, 1921)", 59978,Paragomphus magnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,magnus,,,,,"Fraser, 1952", 59981,Paragomphus sabicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,sabicus,,,,,"Pinhey, 1950", 59982,Paragomphus viridior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,viridior,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961", 59986,Phyllogomphus selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphus,selysi,,,,,"Schouteden, 1933","Phyllogomphus orientalis Fraser, 1957 is a possible synonym." 41113,Litoria tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,tyleri,,,,,"Martin, Watson, Gartside, Littlejohn & Loftus-Hills, 1979", 85822291,Peropteryx pallidoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Peropteryx,pallidoptera,,,,,"Lim, Engstrom, Reid, Simmons, Voss and Fleck, 2010", 9530,Gryllotalpa major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLOTALPIDAE,Gryllotalpa,major,,,,,"Saussure, 1874",According to J. Marshall (NHM) Gryllotalpa major should be transferred to Neocurtilla major. But this has not been adopted in the USA and is not accepted on the Orthoptera World List. So changed back again to Gryllotalpa (was under Neocurtilla for the 2000-2002 Red Lists). 59893,Hemistigma albipunctum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hemistigma,albipunctum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)",The name is often misspelt as H. albipuncta. 59911,Malgassophlebia bispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Malgassophlebia,bispina,,,,,"Fraser, 1958","Malgassophlebia bispina is in central, eastern and southern Africa, and subspecies M. longistipes is in north Zambia. In western Africa it is widespread, somewhat variable and rarely collected. Therefore, several synonyms exist and no subspecies should be recognised (Dijkstra unpubl.)." 59915,Micromacromia camerunica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micromacromia,camerunica,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 59926,Notiothemis jonesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Notiothemis,jonesi,,,,,"Ris, 1919",The paler subspecies N. auricolor occurs in Uganda. 59927,Notiothemis robertsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Notiothemis,robertsi,,,,,"Fraser, 1944", 59942,Olpogastra lugubris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Olpogastra,lugubris,,,,,"(Karsch, 1895)", 68462447,Psorodonotus illyricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Psorodonotus,illyricus,,,,,"Ebner, 1923", 68462466,Psorodonotus macedonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Psorodonotus,macedonicus,,,,,"Ramme, 1931", 22678664,Tetraogallus caspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetraogallus,caspius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1784)", 22678707,Alectoris barbara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Alectoris,barbara,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1896)", 56401,Pristimantis alalocophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,alalocophus,,,,,"(Roa-Trujillo and Ruíz-Carranza, 1991)", 56402,Pristimantis albericoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,albericoi,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1996)", 56412,Strabomantis anatipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,anatipes,,,,,"(Lynch and Myers, 1983)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56388,Pristimantis acatallelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,acatallelus,,,,,"(Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza, 1983)", 56392,Pristimantis actinolaimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,actinolaimus,,,,,"(Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 56395,Pristimantis acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,acutirostris,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 56400,Pristimantis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,affinis,,,,,"(Werner, 1899)", 56399,Pristimantis aemulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,aemulatus,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997)", 56398,Niceforonia aderca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,aderca,,,,,"(Lynch, 2003)", 54462,Rhaebo colomai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,colomai,,,,,"(Hoogmoed, 1985)", 56326,Atopophrynus syntomopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Atopophrynus,syntomopus,,,,,"Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1982", 56336,Ceratophrys calcarata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,calcarata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890",It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic relationships have been elucidated by Faivovich et al. (2014) based on molecular data. The taxonomic status of the disjunct population from Venezuelan Amazonas state is currently under study (Rojas-Runjaic pers. comm.). 56542,Pristimantis cuentasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cuentasi,,,,,"(Lynch, 2003)", 56532,Pristimantis cristinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cristinae,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1985)", 56523,Pristimantis corniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,corniger,,,,,"(Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga, 2003)", 59142,Bolitoglossa capitana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,capitana,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1963", 59146,Bolitoglossa chica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,chica,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1963",This taxon is probably a complex of 2–3 species (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. January 2021). 56518,Pristimantis colomai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,colomai,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1997)", 56508,Strabomantis cheiroplethus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,cheiroplethus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1990)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56512,Pristimantis chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,chrysops,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1996)", 56500,Pristimantis celator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,celator,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 59135,Bolitoglossa adspersa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,adspersa,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)",This taxon is a complex of species and requires rigorous revision through an integrative taxonomic approach (T. Angarita-Sierra pers. comm. June 2019). 56491,Pristimantis capitonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,capitonis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)",This species was mistakenly reported as Pristimantis cabrerai by Kattan (1984). 56492,Pristimantis caprifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,caprifer,,,,,"(Lynch, 1977)", 56495,Pristimantis carranguerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,carranguerorum,,,,,"(Lynch, 1994)", 56483,Pristimantis cabrerai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cabrerai,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)",Mention of this species by Kattan (1984) refers to P. capitonis. 56484,Pristimantis cacao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cacao,,,,,"(Lynch, 1992)", 56485,Strabomantis cadenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,cadenai,,,,,"(Lynch, 1986)", 56487,Pristimantis calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,calcaratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)",Lynch (1996b) notes misidentifications in earlier accounts. 56474,Pristimantis brevifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,brevifrons,,,,,"(Lynch, 1981)", 59217,Bolitoglossa walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,walkeri,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1972",This species is a complex of more than one species. 56471,Pristimantis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,boulengeri,,,,,"(Lynch, 1981)", 56469,Pristimantis bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bogotensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 59206,Bolitoglossa silverstonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,silverstonei,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1972", 56459,Pristimantis bernali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bernali,,,,,"(Lynch, 1986)", 56460,Pristimantis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bicolor,,,,,"(Rueda-Almonacid and Lynch, 1983)", 56457,Pristimantis bellona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bellona,,,,,"(Lynch, 1992)", 59215,Bolitoglossa vallecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,vallecula,,,,,"Brame and Wake, 1963", 56454,Pristimantis batrachites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,batrachites,,,,,"(Lynch, 2003)", 59192,Bolitoglossa pandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,pandi,,,,,"Brame and Wake, 1963", 56448,Pristimantis baiotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,baiotis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)", 56447,Pristimantis bacchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bacchus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 59191,Bolitoglossa palmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,palmata,,,,,"(Werner, 1897)", 59185,Bolitoglossa nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,nicefori,,,,,"Brame and Wake, 1963", 59198,Bolitoglossa ramosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,ramosi,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1972", 56439,Pristimantis aurantiguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,aurantiguttatus,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997)","Records from the western slope of the Serranía de los Paraguas in Chocó Department and Valle de Cauca Department (Castro-Herrera and Vargas-Salinas 2008) might actually refer to another species, P. molybrignus (G. Gonzalez pers. comm. June 2018), and therefore are excluded from this species' extent of occurrence (EOO) until further taxonomic work is carried out." 59170,Bolitoglossa hypacra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,hypacra,,,,,"(Brame & Wake, 1962)", 56427,Pristimantis apiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,apiculatus,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)", 56421,Pristimantis anolirex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,anolirex,,,,,"(Lynch, 1983)", 56424,Diasporus anthrax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,anthrax,,,,,"(Lynch, 2001)", 56420,Pristimantis angustilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,angustilineatus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)", 56647,Pristimantis hectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,hectus,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)", 56650,Pristimantis helvolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,helvolus,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 56652,Pristimantis hernandezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,hernandezi,,,,,"(Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza, 1983)", 56657,Pristimantis hybotragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,hybotragus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1992)", 56663,Pristimantis illotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,illotus,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1997)", 56670,Strabomantis ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,ingeri,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1961)", 56615,Pristimantis gladiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,gladiator,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 56628,Pristimantis grandiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,grandiceps,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 56626,Pristimantis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,gracilis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1986)", 56640,Diasporus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,gularis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 56584,Pristimantis eriphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,eriphus,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1980)", 56583,Pristimantis eremitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,eremitus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 56580,Pristimantis epacrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,epacrus,,,,,"(Lynch & Suarez, 2000)","This species is closely related to Pristimantis fallax, P. gutturalis and P. lanthanites. Lynch and Suarez (2000), in describing the species, repeatedly used the incorrect spelling P. epicurus instead of P. epacrus." 56589,Pristimantis esmeraldas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,esmeraldas,,,,,"(Guayasamin, 2004)", 56587,Pristimantis erythropleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,erythropleura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 56597,Pristimantis fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,fallax,,,,,"(Lynch & Rueda, 1999)", 56600,Pristimantis fetosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,fetosus,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 54666,Rhaebo hypomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,hypomelas,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)", 136189,Pristimantis carlossanchezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,carlossanchezi,,,,,"(Arroyo, 2007)", 56596,Pristimantis factiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,factiosus,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 56606,Pristimantis frater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,frater,,,,,"(Werner, 1899)", 56552,Pristimantis degener,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,degener,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1997)", 56559,Pristimantis diaphonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,diaphonus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1986)", 56554,Pristimantis delicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,delicatus,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1917)", 56553,Pristimantis deinops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,deinops,,,,,"(Lynch, 1996)", 56568,Niceforonia dolops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,dolops,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1980)", 56563,Pristimantis diogenes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,diogenes,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1996)", 56575,Niceforonia elassodiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,elassodiscus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1973)", 56576,Pristimantis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,elegans,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 56572,Pristimantis duende,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,duende,,,,,"(Lynch, 2001)", 56569,Pristimantis dorsopictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,dorsopictus,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 1988)", 56570,Tachiramantis douglasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Tachiramantis,douglasi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1996)","Following genetic and morphological studies, this species was moved from Pristimantis to the newly described Tachiramantis (Heinicke et al. 2015)." 56783,Pristimantis myops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,myops,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)", 56769,Pristimantis mnionaetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,mnionaetes,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)", 54619,Rhinella cristinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,cristinae,,,,,"(Velez & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002)", 56772,Pristimantis molybrignus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,molybrignus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1986)", 56773,Pristimantis mondolfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,mondolfii,,,,,"(Rivero, 1982)", 56800,Pristimantis obmutescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,obmutescens,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 56786,Strabomantis necopinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,necopinus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1997)", 56785,Strabomantis necerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,necerus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 56788,Pristimantis nervicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,nervicus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1994)", 56789,Pristimantis nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,nicefori,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)", 56792,Niceforonia nigrovittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,nigrovittata,,,,,"(Andersson, 1945)", 56745,Pristimantis mars,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,mars,,,,,"(Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza, 1996)",This is the sister species of Pristimantis bellona according to Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza (1996b). 56752,Pristimantis megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,megalops,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1917)", 56738,Pristimantis maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,maculosus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1991)", 56741,Niceforonia mantipus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,mantipus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 56762,Pristimantis merostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,merostictus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 56768,Pristimantis miyatai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,miyatai,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 56756,Pristimantis melanoproctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,melanoproctus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1982)", 56718,Pristimantis lichenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lichenoides,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid, 1997)", 56715,Pristimantis leptolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,leptolophus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 56716,Pristimantis leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,leucopus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)", 56709,Pristimantis lemur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lemur,,,,,"(Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 56710,Tachiramantis lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Tachiramantis,lentiginosus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1982)", 56734,Pristimantis lutitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lutitus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 56736,Pristimantis lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lynchi,,,,,"(Duellman & Simmons, 1977)", 56729,Pristimantis loustes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,loustes,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56687,Pristimantis juanchoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,juanchoi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1996)", 56685,Pristimantis jorgevelosai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,jorgevelosai,,,,,"(Lynch, 1994)", 56683,Pristimantis johannesdei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,johannesdei,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 1988)", 56680,Pristimantis jaimei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,jaimei,,,,,"(Lynch, 1992)", 56673,Pristimantis insignitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,insignitus,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1917)", 56704,Pristimantis laticlavius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,laticlavius,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)","According to the original description, some records of Pristimantis cruentus from western Colombia and western Ecuador might actually be this species." 158618,Epipedobates narinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Epipedobates,narinensis,,,,,"Mueses-Cisneros, Cepeda-Quilindo & Moreno-Quintero, 2008",Confused with Epipedobates boulengeri prior to its naming (Mueses-Cisneros et al. 2008). 56702,Niceforonia latens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,latens,,,,,"(Lynch, 1989)", 56701,Pristimantis lasalleorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lasalleorum,,,,,"(Lynch, 1995)","Due to a typographic error on the title of the paper describing this species (Lynch 1995), the name was given as P. lasallorum. However, the correct spelling is P. lasalleorum. Lynch (1995) gives the correct spelling elsewhere in the original description." 56692,Pristimantis kelephus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,kelephus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)",This taxon has previously been confused with Pristimantis calcaratus (Lynch 1998). It was previously assessed under the name Pristimantis kelephas; this was an incorrect subsequent spelling. 54957,Centrolene daidalea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,daidalea,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991)", 56885,Pristimantis ptochus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ptochus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)", 56886,Pristimantis pugnax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pugnax,,,,,"(Lynch, 1973)", 54955,Nymphargus cristinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,cristinae,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995)", 56896,Pristimantis quinquagesimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,quinquagesimus,,,,,"(Lynch & Trueb, 1980)", 54947,Nymphargus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,armatus,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1996)", 77187242,Allobates ignotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,ignotus,,,,,"Anganoy-Criollo, 2012", 54948,Nymphargus balionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,balionotus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1981)","Duellman (1981) originally placed the taxon in the genus Centrolenella, which was subsequently designated to Cochranella by Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991) based on the absence of humeral spines in males from specimens collected at Campamento Chancos, Valle del Cauca. However, Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2006) verified the presence of humeral spines in the material described by Duellman (1981), thus combining the taxon with Centrolene; the Colombian material reported by Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza (1996) were therefore presumed to be of a distinct lineage (Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid 2006). The lack of clarity regarding Colombian specimens is reflected in many published accounts (e.g. Acosta-Galvis 2000, Cisneros-Heredia and Yánez-Muñoz 2007, Guayasamin and Frenkel 2018).

Later, in a monographic revision of the glassfrog family, Centrolenidae, Guayasamin et al. (2009) underscored the difficulty of substantively designating the taxon at the generic level, and regarded the taxon as incertae sedis within the subfamily Centroleninae. Finally, after incorporating mitochondrial sequences into a phylogenetic analysis of the family, Guayasamin et al. (2019) determined its placement within Nymphargus based on recent material from the Río Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura, Ecuador (Maynard et al. 2020). New material for N. balionotus from Colombia has not been reported in recent decades. Thus, it is not currently possible to resolve whether or not the subpopulation from Campamento Chancos is representative of a distinct lineage from those in Ecuador, as suggested by Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2006). However, it is plausible that this scenario is correct based on available information; in addition to lacking humeral spines, the records from Campamento Chancos are well separated from, and substantially lower in elevation than all other specimens (Maynard et al. 2020)." 56871,Pristimantis polychrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,polychrus,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997)", 54970,Nymphargus megista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,megista,,,,,"(Rivero, 1985)",Guayasamin et al. 2009 considered this species to be incertae sedis within Centroleninae. 56865,Pristimantis platychilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,platychilus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1996)", 54972,Nymphargus nephelophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,nephelophila,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991)", 54965,Nymphargus griffithsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,griffithsi,,,,,"(Goin, 1961)",This is a species complex (D.F. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm.) 54968,Nymphargus luteopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,luteopunctatus,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1996)",Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2007) noted that this species may occur in Ecuador. 56879,Tachiramantis prolixodiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Tachiramantis,prolixodiscus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1978)",Eleutherodactylus chlorosoma was synonymized with P. prolixodiscus by Lynch (2003). Heinicke et al. (2015) assigned prolixodiscus as type species to Tachiramantis. 54967,Nymphargus luminosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,luminosus,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995)", 54962,Nymphargus garciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,garciae,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995)","Given the morphological similarity of Nymphargus garciae with N. nephelophila and N. oreonympha, it is possible that they are the same species with phenotypic geographic variation (Guayasamín et al. 2018)." 54992,Nymphargus siren,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,siren,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 54989,Nymphargus ruizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,ruizi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1993)", 54988,Nymphargus rosada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,rosada,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1997)", 54983,Sachatamia punctulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Sachatamia,punctulata,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995)","Named as Cochranella punctulata by Ruiz-Carranza and Linch in 1995, the genus has then been reviewed and replaced with Sachatamia by Guayasamin et al. in 2009." 54981,Nymphargus posadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,posadae,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995)", 54982,Nymphargus prasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,prasinus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1981)", 56923,Pristimantis rosadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rosadoi,,,,,"(Flores, 1988)","Taxonomic status of the subpopulation on Gorgona Island should be reviewed, as it probably corresponds to a different species (M.H. Yánez-Muñoz pers. comm. 2016)" 56924,Pristimantis roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,roseus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)", 54977,Nymphargus oreonympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,oreonympha,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991)", 56904,Pristimantis renjiforum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,renjiforum,,,,,"(Lynch, 2000)", 56903,Pristimantis reclusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,reclusus,,,,,"(Lynch, 2003)", 55001,Cochranella xanthocheridia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,xanthocheridia,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995",This species is regarded as an incertae sedis within Centroleninae by Guayasamin et al. (2009). The species is very similar to Rulyrana susatamai and further taxonomic research is needed to determine the species boundaries (M. Rada pers. comm. February 2017). 56897,Pristimantis racemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,racemus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 54997,Rulyrana susatamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Rulyrana,susatamai,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1995)", 54995,Nymphargus spilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,spilotus,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1997)", 56906,Pristimantis restrepoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,restrepoi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1996)", 56817,Pristimantis orpacobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,orpacobates,,,,,"(Lynch, Ruíz-Carranza and Ardila-Robayo, 1994)", 56820,Pristimantis paisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,paisa,,,,,"(Lynch and Ardila-Robayo, 1999)", 56823,Pristimantis palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,palmeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 54881,Rhinella rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,rostrata,,,,,"(Noble, 1920)", 54882,Rhinella ruizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,ruizi,,,,,"(Grant, 2000)", 77345997,Bolitoglossa guaneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,guaneae,,,,,"Acosta-Galvis & Gutiérrez-Lamus, 2012", 54883,Rhinella tenrec,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,tenrec,,,,,"(Lynch & Renjifo, 1990)","This is the sister species of Rhinella acrolopha, according to the original description." 54884,Rhinella truebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,truebae,,,,,"(Lynch & Renjifo, 1990)", 56829,Pristimantis parectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,parectatus,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 56802,Pristimantis ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ocellatus,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)","This species has not been included in phylogenies based on molecular characters, so its evolutionary relationships are still uncertain (Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2018)." 54907,Centrolene ballux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,ballux,,,,,"(Duellman & Burrowes, 1989)", 54911,Centrolene geckoidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,geckoidea,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1872","In spite of its Amazonian type locality, this species is in fact known only from the Andes." 54902,Espadarana andina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Espadarana,andina,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","Phylogenetic relationships in Guayasamin et al. (2009), whom proposed the new genus Espadarana with Centrolenella andina Rivero 1968 as type species." 54903,Centrolene antioquiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,antioquiense,,,,,"(Noble, 1920)", 54928,Centrolene notosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,notosticta,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991", 54916,Centrolene heloderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,heloderma,,,,,"(Duellman, 1981)", 56857,Pristimantis piceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,piceus,,,,,"(Lynch, Ruíz-Carranza and Ardila-Robayo, 1996)", 54919,Centrolene hybrida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,hybrida,,,,,"Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991", 54937,Centrolene quindianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,quindianum,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995", 54943,Rulyrana adiazeta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Rulyrana,adiazeta,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991)", 54941,Ikakogi tayrona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Ikakogi,tayrona,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991)","This species was considered to be a synonym of Hylopsis platycephalus Werner, 1894, by Lynch (1981b), but this was not accepted by McDiarmid and Savage (1984)." 54932,Centrolene petrophilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,petrophilum,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991", 56843,Pristimantis peraticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,peraticus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 54931,Centrolene peristicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,peristicta,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 56841,Pristimantis penelopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,penelopus,,,,,"(Lynch & Rueda, 1999)", 56846,Pristimantis permixtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,permixtus,,,,,"(Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1994)",This is a taxonomic complex and requires review (G. Gonzalez pers. comm. June 2018). 57021,Pristimantis uisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,uisae,,,,,"(Lynch, 2003)", 57017,Pristimantis tubernasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tubernasus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1982)",Eleutherodactylus pulidoi was synonymized with this species by Lynch (2003). 57015,Pristimantis tribulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tribulosus,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda Almonacid, 1997)", 57011,Pristimantis torrenticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,torrenticola,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 57008,Diasporus tinker,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,tinker,,,,,"(Lynch, 2001)", 57002,Pristimantis thectopternus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,thectopternus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1965)", 56997,Pristimantis tayrona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tayrona,,,,,"(Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza, 1985)", 57047,Pristimantis viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,viridis,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza, Lynch and Ardila-Robayo, 1997)", 57046,Pristimantis viridicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,viridicans,,,,,"(Lynch, 1977)", 54860,Osornophryne talipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,talipes,,,,,"Cannatella, 1986", 57043,Pristimantis viejas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,viejas,,,,,"(Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1999)", 54858,Osornophryne percrassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Osornophryne,percrassa,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976","It may be a complex of more than one species (Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2010). " 57041,Pristimantis vicarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,vicarius,,,,,"(Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza, 1983)", 57036,Pristimantis verecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,verecundus,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)", 54879,Rhinella nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,nicefori,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)", 57032,Pristimantis veletis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,veletis,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda Almonacid, 1997)", 54877,Rhinella lindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,lindae,,,,,"(Rivero & Castaño, 1990)", 54878,Rhinella macrorhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,macrorhina,,,,,"(Trueb, 1971)", 57026,Pristimantis uranobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,uranobates,,,,,"(Lynch, 1991)", 56958,Pristimantis scolodiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,scolodiscus,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)", 56957,Pristimantis scoloblepharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,scoloblepharus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1991)", 56959,Pristimantis scopaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,scopaeus,,,,,"(Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1996)", 56945,Pristimantis sanctaemartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,sanctaemartae,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1917)", 56947,Pristimantis sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,sanguineus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)","Initial records proposed for this species in Colombia (Lynch et al. 1994), subsequently cited by Ruiz-Carranza et al. (1996) and Acosta-Galvis (2000), were previously identified as Pristimantis cruentus." 56950,Pristimantis savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,savagei,,,,,"(Pyburn & Lynch, 1981)", 56949,Pristimantis satagius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,satagius,,,,,"(Lynch, 1995)", 54767,Rhinella sternosignata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,sternosignata,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)",This species appears closely related to the Rhinella margaritifera and R. veraguensis species groups (Pereyra et al. 2016) and is considered a species complex (O. Armesto-Sanguino pers. comm. March 2017). 56939,Pristimantis ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ruthveni,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1985)", 56929,Pristimantis ruedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ruedai,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997)", 56936,Strabomantis ruizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,ruizi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1981)", 56987,Pristimantis susaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,susaguae,,,,,"(Rueda-Almonacid, Lynch & Galvis, 2003)", 56985,Pristimantis supernatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,supernatis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56990,Pristimantis taciturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,taciturnus,,,,,"(Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga, 2003)", 56984,Pristimantis sulculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,sulculus,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)", 56982,Pristimantis suetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,suetus,,,,,"(Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid, 1998)", 56969,Pristimantis siopelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,siopelus,,,,,"(Lynch and Burrowes, 1990)", 56974,Pristimantis spilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,spilogaster,,,,,"(Lynch, 1984)", 56963,Pristimantis silverstonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,silverstonei,,,,,"(Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1996)",The form is the sister species of Pristimantis appendiculatus according to Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza (1996). 78584789,Ranitomeya defleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,defleri,,,,,"Twomey & Brown, 2009", 56962,Pristimantis signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,signifer,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza, Lynch and Ardila-Robayo, 1997)", 56967,Pristimantis simoterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,simoterus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 56966,Pristimantis simoteriscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,simoteriscus,,,,,"(Lynch, Ruíz-Carranza and Ardila-Robayo, 1996)", 55228,Allobates myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,myersi,,,,,"(Pyburn, 1981)", 55224,Ameerega ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,ingeri,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1970)",Records from Putumayo previously ascribed to this species likely pertain to Ameerega bilinguis (J. Mueses-Cisneros pers. comm. August 2016) 57141,Leptodactylus lithonaetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,lithonaetes,,,,,"Heyer, 1995","The name Leptodactylus lithometes by La Marca (1997) is a lapsus calami. This species is assigned to the Leptodactylus pentadactylus group. It is a sister species of Leptodactylus rugosus (De Sá et al. 2014), with which it was confused in the past (e.g., Rivero 1961 [in part], Gorzula and Señaris 1998 [in part])." 55211,Andinobates virolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,virolinensis,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Ramírez-Pinilla, 1992)", 55210,Andinobates viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,viridis,,,,,"(Myers & Daly, 1976)", 55205,Dendrobates truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Dendrobates,truncatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 55203,Oophaga sylvatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,sylvatica,,,,,"(Funkhouser, 1956)","It is possible that this is a complex of several species (Lötters et al. 1999), with true Oophaga sylvatica occurring in Ecuador." 55262,Phyllobates bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Phyllobates,bicolor,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1841", 55261,Phyllobates aurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Phyllobates,aurotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)",It is considered a species complex (Colombia Red List Assessment Workshop 2016). 55264,Phyllobates terribilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Phyllobates,terribilis,,,,,"Myers, Daly and Malkin, 1978", 57173,Leptodactylus ventrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,ventrimaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902","It is likely that some reports from the southern coast of Ecuador and northern Peru (e.g., Frost 2019) actually correspond to Leptodactylus labrosus (Ron et al. 2016)." 55164,Hyloxalus vergeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,vergeli,,,,,"Hellmich, 1940",This species was considered a synonym of Hyloxalus fuliginosus by Edwards (1974b). 57059,Pristimantis xestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,xestus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1995)", 57058,Pristimantis xeniolum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,xeniolum,,,,,"(Lynch, 2001)", 55166,Allobates wayuu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,wayuu,,,,,"(Acosta, Cuentas & Coloma, 1999)", 57061,Pristimantis xylochobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,xylochobates,,,,,"(Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza, 1996)", 57068,Pristimantis zophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,zophus,,,,,"(Lynch and Ardila, 1999)", 57070,Strabomantis zygodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,zygodactylus,,,,,"(Lynch and Myers, 1983)",This species was previously within the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 55145,Hyloxalus saltuarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,saltuarius,,,,,"(Grant and Ardila-Robayo, 2002)", 55152,Hyloxalus subpunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,subpunctatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1899)", 55140,Hyloxalus ramosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,ramosi,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1971)", 55137,Hyloxalus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,pulchellus,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)",The subpopulations from the Carchi basin might represent a distinct species (Coloma 1995). 57081,Geobatrachus walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Geobatrachus,walkeri,,,,,"Ruthven, 1915", 55143,Hyloxalus ruizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,ruizi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1982)", 55144,Colostethus ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,ruthveni,,,,,"Kaplan, 1997", 55194,Oophaga occultator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,occultator,,,,,"(Myers & Daly, 1976)",This species is considered to be a derivative of Oophaga histrionica by Myers and Daly (1976). 55190,Oophaga lehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,lehmanni,,,,,"(Myers & Daly, 1976)",Lötters (1992) doubted the distinction of this species from Oophaga histrionica.

Records from the Serrania de Baudo and Alto del Oso in the Department of Chocó that were previously questioned to belonging to this species have now been verified and assigned as Oophaga solanensis (Posso-Terranova and Andrés 2018). 78586259,Silverstoneia dalyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,dalyi,,,,,"Grant & Myers, 2013", 55177,Andinobates bombetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,bombetes,,,,,"(Myers & Daly, 1980)", 55171,Andinobates altobueyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,altobueyensis,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1975)",There are taxonomic doubts about the identity of the species and it has to be reviewed along with A. fulguritus (D. Mejía pers. comm. August 2016). 57119,Leptodactylus colombiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,colombiensis,,,,,"Heyer, 1994","This taxon is assigned to the Leptodactylus melanonotus group based on five osteological cranial synapomorphies and molecular evidence (Heyer 1994, De Sá et al. 2014, Acosta Galvis and de Sá 2018). Studies based on molecular evidence, have suggested that two species are likely to exist under this name (Guarnizo et al. 2016, Frost 2020)." 55096,Colostethus inguinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,inguinalis,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)",Colostethus cacerensis is considered to be a synonym of C. inguinalis following Grant (2004). C. panamensis was removed from synonymy with this species (Grant 2004). 55103,Hyloxalus lehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,lehmanni,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1971)",The subpopulations in Ecuador might not be conspecific with the Colombian subpopulations (T. Grant and D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm.). 57256,Physalaemus fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,fischeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","Physalaemus enesefae Heatwole, Solano and Heatwole, 1965 is a junior synonym of P. fischeri (Gorzula and Señaris 1999). Ruíz-Carranza et al. (1996) included the species in the fauna of Colombia, and considered Physalaemus neglectus dunni Cochran and Goin (1970) to be a synonym. Its phylogenetic relationships within Physalaemus have been assessed by Lourenço et al. (2015), whom assigned this species to the Physalaemus cuvieri species group." 55079,Hyloxalus faciopunctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,faciopunctulatus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)", 55078,Hyloxalus excisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,excisus,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 2000)",This form is probably a synonym of another species (Lynch pers. comm.). 55076,Silverstoneia erasmios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,erasmios,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 2000)","The validity of this species was previously in question (Lynch pers. comm; Grant and Myers 2013). However, Grant et al. (2017) recognize this taxon as a distinct species." 55074,Hyloxalus edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,edwardsi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1982)", 57270,Engystomops petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,petersi,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1872","

Based on morphometric and call differences, Funk et al. (2007, 2008) suggested that E. petersi (termed Physalaemus petersi by those authors) encompasses the northwestern Amazon clade while the southwestern Amazon clade corresponds with E. freibergi (termed Physalaemus freibergi) corroborating the proposal of Ron et al. (2006).

" 55083,Leucostethus fraterdanieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,fraterdanieli,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1971)",This form is potentially a complex of more than one species according to Grant and Castro (1998). 55081,Hyloxalus fascianigrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,fascianigrus,,,,,"(Grant & Castro-Herrera, 1998)", 55124,Rheobates palmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Rheobates,palmatus,,,,,"(Werner, 1899)","The results of molecular phylogeny suggest that this is probably a complex of more than one species, where the subpopulations separated by the Magdalena Valley, as well as, those present on both sides of the Cordillera Oriental may correspond to different species (Muñoz-Ortiz et al. 2015)." 55136,Rheobates pseudopalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Rheobates,pseudopalmatus,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 2000)","Grant et al. 2006 suggested that this species might be conspecific with Rheobates palmatus, but then Muñoz-Ortiz et al. 2015 confirmed, based on molecular information, that this species could be redescribed, restricting R. pseudopalmatus to the Central Cordillera and R. palmatus to the Eastern Cordillera." 55132,Hyloxalus pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,pinguis,,,,,"(Rivero & Granados Diaz, 1990)","There is ongoing debate about whether this is a valid species or whether it is a synonym of Hyloxalus pulchellus (T. Grant pers. comm., G. Pisso pers. comm. October 2018)." 55115,Colostethus mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,mertensi,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1964)", 57198,Niceforonia adenobrachia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,adenobrachia,,,,,"(Ardila-Robaya, Ruiz-Carranza & Barrera-Rodriguez, 1996)", 55012,Hyalinobatrachium esmeralda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,esmeralda,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1998", 57203,Niceforonia brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,brunnea,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)", 55019,Hyalinobatrachium ibama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,ibama,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1998","Guayasamin et al. (2009) assigned a subpopulation from the eastern versant of the Andes, reported as Hyalinobatrachium ibama by Barrio-Amorós (2006), to H. cf. pallidum. Based on molecular work of Guayasamin et al. (2009) and others, it is doubtful that H. ibama is the species occupying the eastern versant of the Cordillera de Mérida (Barrio-Amorós 2006), but is more likely H. pallidum (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019). Moreover, H. ibama from Colombia could be a junior synonym of H. pallidum (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019)." 55057,Hyloxalus breviquartus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,breviquartus,,,,,"(Rivero and Serna, 1986)", 57219,Niceforonia nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,nana,,,,,"Goin & Cochran, 1963",This is likely a species complex and requires taxonomic revision (G. Gonzalez pers. comm. June 2018). 55041,Hyloxalus abditaurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,abditaurantius,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1975)", 55053,Hyloxalus betancuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,betancuri,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 1991)", 55055,Hyloxalus borjai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,borjai,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 2000)", 55326,Gastrotheca bufona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,bufona,,,,,"Cochran and Goin, 1970",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55323,Gastrotheca antomia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,antomia,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, Lynch and Restrepo, 1997",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55324,Gastrotheca argenteovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,argenteovirens,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55322,Gastrotheca angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,angustifrons,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55319,Flectonotus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Flectonotus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)","Originally described as Nototrema pygmaeum (Boettger, 1893) and subsequently transferred to Flectonotus (Miranda-Ribeiro 1926), Gastrotheca (Noble 1931), Nototheca (Bokermann 1950) and again to Flectonotus (Duellman 1977). The more recently and exhaustive phylogenetic study, based in total evidence, corroborates its phylogenetic position as part of Flectonotus and sister to F. fitzgeraldi (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2015). Barrio-Amorós (2004) stated that Colombian populations actually correspond to a different and yet unnamed species, but later Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) appointed that the populations of Venezuelan Coastal Range and those of the Andes are genetically indistinguishable." 55305,Cryptobatrachus fuhrmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Cryptobatrachus,fuhrmanni,,,,,"(Peracca, 1914)",This genus has recently been removed from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55304,Cryptobatrachus boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Cryptobatrachus,boulengeri,,,,,"Ruthven, 1916",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 89255304,Hyloscirtus alytolylax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,alytolylax,,,,,"(Duellman, 1972)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Hyloscirtus mashpi (Guayasamin et al. 2015). Duellman (1972) mentions the morphological differences of the subpopulations in the department of Chocó compared to the forms recognized in Ecuador and southern Colombia and Myers and Duellman (1982) point out that morphologically they are more related to Hyloscirtus palmeri. 55379,Hyloscirtus albopunctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,albopunctulatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55370,Hemiphractus proboscideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Hemiphractus,proboscideus,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1871)",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55369,Hemiphractus johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Hemiphractus,johnsoni,,,,,"(Noble, 1917)",This form is probably a complex of several species. Brazilian populations assigned to this species presumably belong to another species. This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55364,Gastrotheca weinlandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,weinlandii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1892)",This genus has moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55362,Gastrotheca trachyceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,trachyceps,,,,,"Duellman, 1987",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55349,Gastrotheca orophylax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,orophylax,,,,,"Duellman and Pyles, 1980",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55338,Gastrotheca guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55339,Gastrotheca helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,helenae,,,,,"Dunn, 1944",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55330,Gastrotheca dendronastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,dendronastes,,,,,"Duellman, 1983",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55332,Gastrotheca espeletia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,espeletia,,,,,"Duellman & Hillis, 1987",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55331,Gastrotheca dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,dunni,,,,,"Lutz, 1977",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 78543203,Pristimantis jaguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,jaguensis,,,,,"Rivera-Prieto, Rivera-Correa & Daza-R., 2014", 55454,Dendropsophus columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,columbianus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55427,Hyloscirtus callipeza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,callipeza,,,,,"(Duellman, 1989)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55436,Hyloscirtus caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,caucanus,,,,,"(Ardila-Robayo, Ruíz-Carranza and Roa-Trujillo, 1993)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018). It is probably a synonym of Hyloscirtus lindae." 55418,Hyloscirtus bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,bogotensis,,,,,"Peters, 1882","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018).

The reports of this species in the department of Cauca correspond to a species erroneously identified as Hyla bogotensis by Duellman (1972), see discussion in Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1982)." 58162,Pipa parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Pipa,parva,,,,,"Ruthven & Gaige, 1923", 55417,Dendropsophus bogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,bogerti,,,,,"(Cochran and Goin, 1970)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). This species was removed from the synonymy of Dendropsophus carnifex by Kaplan (1997), where it had been placed by Duellman (1974)." 173004,Pristimantis yukpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,yukpa,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Infante, 2007","Originally assigned to the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2008), but referred as unassigned to species group by Padial et al. (2014). Its phylogenetic relationships with P. taeniatus should be further explored, since its position makes the latter paraphyletic in the phylogeny of González-Durán et al. (2017)." 77347451,Bolitoglossa leandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,leandrae,,,,,"Acevedo, Wake, Márquez, Silva, Franco & Amézquita, 2013", 55485,Dendropsophus garagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,garagoensis,,,,,"(Kaplan, 1991)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55468,Hyloscirtus denticulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,denticulentus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1972)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). Ruiz-Carranza et al. (1996) noted that one of the paratypes of this species is referable to Hyloscirtus palmeri. 55584,Dendropsophus padreluna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,padreluna,,,,,"(Kaplan & Ruíz-Carranza, 1997)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55532,Hyloscirtus lascinius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,lascinius,,,,,"(Rivero, 1969)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 58017,Synapturanus rabus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Synapturanus,rabus,,,,,"Pyburn, 1976", 89117408,Dendropsophus molitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,molitor,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It was removed from the synonymy of Smilisca phaeota where it had been placed by Duellman (1968). Jungfer (2017) discussed Hyla molitor Schmidt, 1857 and concluded that it was a senior synonym of Hyla labialis Peters, 1853. This is a restricted concept of Dendropsophus molitor (labialis) following the split of the broader concept into this and D. luddeckei (Guarnizo et al. 2012)." 55546,Hyloscirtus lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,lynchi,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza and Ardila-Robayo, 1991)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55540,Hyloscirtus lindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,lindae,,,,,"(Duellman and Altig, 1978)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018)." 55643,Hyloscirtus sarampiona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,sarampiona,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza & Lynch, 1982)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55635,Boana rubracyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,rubracyla,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)","Genus changed from Hypsiboas rubracylus to Boana rubracyla following Dubois (2017).

In Ecuador, this species is probably overlooked due to its resemblance with other Boana in western Ecuador (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. September 2017)." 55599,Hyloscirtus phyllognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,phyllognathus,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)", 55597,Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,phantasmagoria,,,,,"(Dunn, 1943)", We follow Duellman (2001) and Savage (2002) in considering this as a species distinct from Ecnomiohyla miliaria. 55587,Hyloscirtus pantostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,pantostictus,,,,,"(Duellman and Berger, 1982)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018)." 55612,Hyloscirtus psarolaimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,psarolaimus,,,,,"(Duellman & Hillis, 1990)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018)." 55610,Dendropsophus praestans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,praestans,,,,,"(Duellman and Trueb, 1983)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55601,Hyloscirtus piceigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,piceigularis,,,,,"(Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1982)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018)." 55607,Hyloscirtus platydactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,platydactylus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","This taxon, previously included in the genus Hyla, has been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). In the Hyloscirtus bogotensis group based on its mtDNA phylogenetic relationships (Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018)." 55688,Scarthyla vigilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scarthyla,vigilans,,,,,"(Solano, 1971)","Originally described in the genus Hyla, and suggested to be a member of the genera Pseudis (Suárez-Mayorga 2001) and  Scinax (see Frost 2020). It is currently recognized as a member of the genus Scarthyla by Barrio-Amorós et al. (2006), Duellman et al. (2016), also in the most recent Venezuelan and Trinidad checklists (C. Señaris pers. comm. 2020)." 113788406,Tepuihyla tuberculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,tuberculosa,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). Comparisons of DNA sequences, external morphology, and advertisement calls between Tepuihyla tuberculosa from Ecuador and Peru indicate that a Peruvian specimen represents Tepuihyla shushupe (Ron et al. 2016)." 55689,Dendropsophus virolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,virolinensis,,,,,"(Kaplan and Ruíz-Carranza, 1997)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55656,Hyloscirtus simmonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,simmonsi,,,,,"(Duellman, 1989)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). This form might represent a species complex. 55665,Dendropsophus stingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,stingi,,,,,"(Kaplan, 1994)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55678,Hyloscirtus torrenticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,torrenticola,,,,,"(Duellman & Altig, 1978)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla, but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018)." 81646204,Atelopus marinkellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,marinkellei,,,,,"Cochran & Goin, 1970",This is a split from the broader concept of Atelopus ebenoides (Rueda-Almonacid and Rueda-Martínez 2005) 55765,Nyctimantis rugiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Nyctimantis,rugiceps,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 78541617,Pristimantis farisorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,farisorum,,,,,"Mueses-Cisneros, Perdomo-Castillo & Cepeda-Quilindo, 2013", 78541623,Pristimantis gryllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,gryllus,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Guayasamin & Hedges, 2012", 57802,Ctenophryne minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Ctenophryne,minor,,,,,"Zweifel and Myers, 1989", 136022,Pristimantis padrecarlosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,padrecarlosi,,,,,"(Mueses-Cisneros, 2006)","This species is considered to be within the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group according to the original publication (Mueses-Cisneros 2006), although superficially the species is very similar to E. douglasi [assigned to the E. galdi group] (J.J. Mueses-Cisneros pers. comm. 2008) E. carranguerorum, and E. savagei. It has been placed in the genus Pristimantis following Heinicke et al. (2007). Removed from the Pristimantis conspicillatus species group and left unassigned to species group by Padial et al. (2014). The species is differentiated from other similar species by a combination of morphological features (Mueses-Cisneros 2006)." 55861,Agalychnis psilopygion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,psilopygion,,,,,"(Cannatella, 1980)",This species was previously within the genus Phyllomedusa but was moved to the genus Hylomantis (Faivovich et al. 2005) and transferred again to Agalychnis (Faivovich et al. 2010). 136027,Bolitoglossa tatamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,tatamae,,,,,"Acosta & Hoyos, 2006",Bolitoglossa tatamae can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features (Acosta and Hoyos 2006). 55860,Callimedusa perinesos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Callimedusa,perinesos,,,,,"(Duellman, 1973)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Callimedusa (Duellman et al. 2016)." 59644,Epicrionops parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Epicrionops,parkeri,,,,,"(Dunn, 1942)",The taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59640,Epicrionops columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Epicrionops,columbianus,,,,,"(Rendahl & Vestergren, 1938)",The taxonomy of this species' genus is in need of revision (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 55848,Agalychnis danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,danieli,,,,,"(Ruíz-Carranza, Hernandez-Camacho & Rueda-Almonacid, 1988)",This species was previously within the genus Phyllomedusa but moved to the genus Hylomantis (Faivovich et al. 2005) and then to Agalychnis (Faivovich et al. 2010). 59639,Epicrionops bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Epicrionops,bicolor,,,,,"Boulenger, 1883","Taylor (1968) recognized two subspecies, the status of which require more research. It is likely to be a complex of more than one species, and biological subpopulations on the eastern versant of the Andes could possibly correspond to one or more taxa (A. Catenazzi pers. comm. March 2014), but until such time as this is clarified they are included in the current assessment." 55935,Scinax blairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,blairi,,,,,"(Fouquette and Pyburn, 1972)", 55976,Scinax manriquei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,manriquei,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Orellana & Chacón-Ortiz, 2004","This species is assigned to the Scinax ruber clade, but not assigned to any species group (Faivovich et al. 2005). Scinax flavidus and Scinax manriquei were described almost simultaneously, and although La Marca (2007) regarded S. flavidus as senior synonym, later Barrio-Amorós et al. (2010) showed evidence on the seniority of Scinax manriquei over Scinax flavidus (Frost 2020). Mentioned as Scinax sp. 2 in Colombia by Nieto-Castro (1999)." 55969,Scinax kennedyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,kennedyi,,,,,"(Pyburn, 1973)", 136124,Andinobates daleswansoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,daleswansoni,,,,,"(Rueda-Almonacid, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco, Velásquez-Álvarez & Quevedo, 2006)", 77318125,Andinobates cassidyhornae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,cassidyhornae,,,,,"Amézquita, Márquez, Mejía-Vargas, Kahn, Suárez & Mazariegos, 2013",This is a split from the broader concept of A. opisthomelas (Amézquita et al. 2013). 136106,Rhaebo lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhaebo,lynchi,,,,,"Mueses-Cisneros, 2007",Rhaebo lynchi differs from other congeners by a combination of morphological features (Mueses-Cisneros 2007). 56004,Scinax wandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,wandae,,,,,"(Pyburn & Fouquette, 1971)", 136098,Allobates niputidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,niputidea,,,,,"Grant, Acosta & Rada, 2007","Allobates niputidea can be differentiated from other similar species by a combination of morphological features, including those of tadpoles (Grant et al. 2007)." 78459148,Cryptobatrachus ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Cryptobatrachus,ruthveni,,,,,"Lynch, 2008 ", 78459071,Cryptobatrachus conditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Cryptobatrachus,conditus,,,,,"Lynch, 2008", 56049,Trachycephalus jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,jordani,,,,,"(Stejneger & Test, 1891)", 78585428,Rhinella paraguas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,paraguas,,,,,"Grant & Bolívar-García, 2014", 61817,Pristimantis polemistes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,polemistes,,,,,"(Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 2004)", 135738,Espadarana callistomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Espadarana,callistomma,,,,,"(Guayasamin & Trueb, 2007)","Espadarana callistommum differs from congenerics by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (Guayasamin and Trueb 2007). It is suspected that this species is a synonym of Espadarana prosoblepon, however this requires confirmation through further taxonomic studies (M. Rada pers. comm. December 2018)." 135823,Pristimantis zoilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,zoilae,,,,,"(Mueses-Cisneros, 2007)",In the genus Pristimantis according to Frost (2007). Recognition of Pristimantis zoilae was based on morphological features and colour patterns (Mueses-Cisneros 2007). 135816,Pristimantis colonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,colonensis,,,,,"(Mueses-Cisneros, 2007)",In the genus Pristimantis according to Frost (2007). Recognition of Pristimantis colonensis was based on morphological features and colour patterns (Mueses-Cisneros 2007). 78550353,Pristimantis quicato,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,quicato,,,,,"Ospina-Sarria, Méndez-Narváez, Burbano-Yandi & Bolívar-García, 2011", 61764,Cochranella mache,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,mache,,,,,"Guayasamin & Bonaccorso, 2004",Some records of Cochranella euknemos have been reassigned to this species (Jaramillo-Martinez et al. 2015). 59601,Typhlonectes natans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,TYPHLONECTIDAE,Typhlonectes,natans,,,,,"(Fischer, 1880)", 59585,Oscaecilia polyzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,polyzona,,,,,"(Fischer, 1880)", 59588,Microcaecilia pricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,pricei,,,,,"(Dunn, 1944)",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59587,Microcaecilia nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,nicefori,,,,,"(Barbour, 1924)", 57318,Pseudopaludicola pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,pusilla,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1916)", 57314,Pseudopaludicola llanera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,llanera,,,,,"Lynch, 1989", 135903,Nymphargus vicenteruedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,vicenteruedai,,,,,"Velásquez-Álvarez, Rada, Sánchez-Pacheco & Acosta, 2007",Nymphargus vicenteruedai is distinguished from other glassfrogs by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Velásquez-Álvarez et al. 2007). 135851,Pristimantis jubatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,jubatus,,,,,"(García and Lynch, 2006)","In the genus Pristimantis according to Heinicke et al. (2007). Recognition of Pristimantis jubatus was based on morphological features (García and Lynch, 2006)." 135855,Colostethus ucumari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,ucumari,,,,,"Grant, 2007",Colostethus ucumari can be distinguished from other Colostethus by means of morphological differences and colour patterns; it is also the second species of Colostethus known to possess skin toxins (Grant 2007). 59525,Caecilia perdita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,perdita,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59528,Caecilia subnigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,subnigricans,,,,,"Dunn, 1942",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 85854383,Leptodactylus insularum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,insularum,,,,,"Barbour, 1906","This is a split from the broader concept of Leptodactylus bolivianus (Heyer and de Sá 2011). Following investigation of the Leptodactylus genus, the species previously known to be L. bolivianus was found to be three separate species L. bolivianus, L. insularum and L. macrosternum. Many papers referring to L. bolivianum refer to L. insularum and this is relatively easy to resolve by looking at study location. The current concept of L. insularum might represent more than one species (T. Angarita-Sierra pers. comm. June 2018)." 59950,Orthetrum austeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,austeni,,,,,"(Kirby, 1900)", 59951,Orthetrum brachiale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,brachiale,,,,,"(Palisot de Beauvois, 1817)",This species is seriously confused with O. stemmale. 59953,Orthetrum camerunense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,camerunense,,,,,"Gambles, 1959",This species is often confused with O. caffrum. 59955,Orthetrum guineense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,guineense,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 59956,Orthetrum hintzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,hintzi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 22678652,Ammoperdix griseogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Ammoperdix,griseogularis,,,,,"(Brandt, 1843)", 59957,Orthetrum icteromelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,icteromelas,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 59959,Orthetrum machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,machadoi,,,,,"Longfield, 1955", 45100023,Phasianus colchicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Phasianus,colchicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Phasianus colchicus and P. versicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. colchicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 59961,Orthetrum microstigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,microstigma,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 22678911,Perdix perdix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Perdix,perdix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 59962,Orthetrum monardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,monardi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 59964,Orthetrum stemmale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,stemmale,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)",This species is seriously confused with O. brachiale. 59966,Oxythemis phoenicosceles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oxythemis,phoenicosceles,,,,,"Ris, 1910",The Ugandan specimen seems to be a new species. 59968,Palpopleura jucunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palpopleura,jucunda,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 59969,Palpopleura lucia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palpopleura,lucia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)","Palpopleura portia, often considered a form of P. lucia, was proven to be a good species (Mitchell and Samways 2005)." 59970,Palpopleura portia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palpopleura,portia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)","Palpopleura portia, often considered a form or subspecies of P. lucia, was proven to be a good species (Mitchell and Samways 2005)." 22679494,Bonasa bonasia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Bonasa,bonasia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 59755,Parazyxomma flavicans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Parazyxomma,flavicans,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)",Dijkstra (2003) discusses the synonymy. 22679487,Tetrao urogallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetrao,urogallus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22679480,Lyrurus tetrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lyrurus,tetrix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Lyrurus tetrix (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tetrao. 22679839,Cygnus olor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cygnus,olor,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 20372,Pleurodema somuncurense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,somuncurense,,,,,"(Cei, 1969)", 59987,Phyllomacromia africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,africana,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 59988,Phyllomacromia aureozona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,aureozona,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1966)", 158578,Phyllomacromia contumax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,contumax,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 59993,Phyllomacromia kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,kimminsi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)", 59994,Phyllomacromia melania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,melania,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)","The confusing taxonomy is discussed by Dijkstra (2005). Phyllomacromia nyanzana (Grünberg, 1911); ?P. bifasciata Martin, 1912. The female holotype seems to be miss-matched to the male holotype contumax, so melania may be something distinct (funicularia-like), while ""contumax"" takes priority over the whole nyanzana-bifasciata-complex." 168012,Phyllomacromia overlaeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,overlaeti,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)",The complex synonymy is discussed by Dijkstra (2005). 59997,Phyllomacromia picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,picta,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1871)", 59998,Phyllomacromia pseudafricana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,pseudafricana,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1961)", 59999,Phyllomacromia sylvatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,sylvatica,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)", 22679856,Cygnus cygnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cygnus,cygnus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 156929,Spelaeoconcha paganettii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SPELAEOCONCHIDAE,Spelaeoconcha,paganettii,,,,,"Sturany, 1901","The species is now placed in its own Order, Spelaeoconchidae A.J. Wagner, 1928 MolluscaBase (2022).

MolluscaBase (2022) list three subspecies:
  • S. paganettii paganettii Sturany, 1901
  • Spelaeoconcha paganettii alphonsi Maassen, 1989
  • Spelaeoconcha paganettii polymorpha A.J. Wagner, 1914.
" 171024,Arion anthracius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,anthracius,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1866","This species needs a taxonomic reassessment, and its relationship to the Arion hortensis group has to be clarified (De Winter 1986)." 22679872,Anser brachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,brachyrhynchus,,,,,"Baillon, 1834", 22679881,Anser albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,albifrons,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)", 155747,Assiminea cardonae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,cardonae,,,,,"Paladilhe, 1875","This species has not been recorded or studied since its original description, and as it appears in the Marine List of Europe (CLEMAM) and Gofas (2015) it may be a marine species. This taxon was not mentioned in the revision of the genus Assiminea by Aartsen (2008). Beckmann (2007) indicates that it has not found it. Gofas (2015) indicates that it is a dubious species or inquerendum (under enquiry). Given the impossibility of collecting alive specimens a study of the type series of this species is recommended, since it has not been done before, and perhaps it can help solve its taxonomic status." 56849,Pristimantis petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,petersi,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1980)", 9049,Geomalacus maculosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Geomalacus,maculosus,,,,,"Allman, 1843", 78459348,Dendropsophus frosti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,frosti,,,,,"Motta, Castroviejo-Fisher, Venegas, Orrico & Padial, 2012", 78484020,Dendropsophus manonegra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,manonegra,,,,,"Rivera-Correa & Orrico, 2013", 22680465,Mergellus albellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mergellus,albellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 57753,Chiasmocleis lacrimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,lacrimae,,,,,"Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta & Wheeler, 2014","

When Syncope carvalhoi Nelson 1975 was transferred to Chiasmocleis, the existing C. carvalhoi (Cruz et al. 1997) became a homonym and hence a replacement name was assigned to it by Peloso et al. (2014).

" 6735,Atlantica guerinianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,guerinianus,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)",This taxon is believed to be the nominal subspecies A. g. guerianus. 22680003,Tadorna ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tadorna,ferruginea,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22680348,Netta rufina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Netta,rufina,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)", 22680391,Aythya fuligula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,fuligula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 1172,Amphorella iridescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,iridescens,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 1170,Amphorella melampoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Amphorella,melampoides,,,,,"(R. Lowe, 1831)", 15770,Oxychilus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,lineolatus,,,,,"Frias Martins & Ripken, 1991", 22680313,Spatula querquedula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,querquedula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Spatula querquedula (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680149,Mareca strepera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mareca,strepera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Mareca strepera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 155755,Assiminea grayana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,grayana,,,,,"Fleming, 1828", 170598,Leucophytia bidentata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Leucophytia,bidentata,,,,,"(Montagu, 1808)", 170601,Myosotella denticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Myosotella,denticulata,,,,,"(Montagu, 1803)","Myosotella denticulata was previously thought to extend into the Mediterranean basin along the European coast. However, following examination of dissected records, the records from the Mediterranean now refer to another species (A. Frias Martin pers. comm. 2017).

The species within this genus are in need of further taxonomic study. There are at least three species in Europe, with data not available for North Africa:

Myosotella myosotis (continental European Mediterranean, from Valência to Dalmatia;

Myosotella denticulata (perhaps a species complex; continental European Atlantic from Cádis to England); and

Myosotella cf letourneuxi (perhaps a species complex; eastern Mediterranean, islands and Turkey." 170623,Zospeum exiguum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,exiguum,,,,,"Kuščer, 1932", 23030,Vitrea pseudotrolli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,pseudotrolli,,,,,"L. Pintér, 1983", 86051353,Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Tympanoctomys,kirchnerorum,,,,,"Teta, Pardiñas, Sauthier & Gallardo, 2014", 60036,Rhyothemis fenestrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,fenestrina,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","This is often treated as a subspecies of Rhyothemis notata, but the two occur alongside each other in western Africa." 184279,Rhyothemis notata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,notata,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1781)",Rhyothemis fenestrina is a good species and not a subspecies of R. notata (Dijkstra unpubl.). 60041,Tetrathemis camerunensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,camerunensis,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1900)",The shape of the epiproct varies and this species therefore has two synonyms (Dijkstra 2007). 22690088,Columba oenas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,oenas,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 6925,Lycalopex sechurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Lycalopex,sechurae,,,,,"Thomas, 1900","Several recent molecular studies have provided support for a monophyletic assemblage of South American endemic canids (Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005, Perini et al. 2010), with Chrysocyon and Speothos forming a sister-clade to the monophyletic south American foxes and Atelocynus. On the basis of morphology, Zunino et al. (1995) reviewed previous work and also supported clustering species within the two previous paraphyletic genera (Pseudalopex, Lycalopex) into a single monophyletic genus. They further argued that Lycalopex had priority over Pseudalopex, subsequently also supported by Zrzavý et al. (2004: 324). The only outstanding question would have been whether Dusicyon would have been a more appropriate name, since Perini et al. (2010) reported a close relationship between L. culpaeus and Dusicyon. However, we now know that Dusicyon is far outside this clade (Slater et al. 2009, Austin et al. 2013). Based on this evidence, the genus Lycalopex is used over Pseudalopex for all South American foxes, following Wozencraft's (2005) earlier treatment." 2665,Paradactylodon persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Paradactylodon,persicus,,,,,"(Eiselt & Steiner, 1970)","It is possible that Paradactylodon gorganensis is a synonym of this species (Stöck 1999). However, recent molecular analysis has demonstrated that Paradactylodon gorganensis is a distinct species (Ted Papenfuss pers. comm. September 2008)." 57809,Elachistocleis ovalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,ovalis,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","This species is a complex of several species. Specimens from Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay have been separated from Elachistocleis ovalis as E. bicolor (Lavilla et al. 2003)." 22690117,Columba bollii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,bollii,,,,,"Godman, 1872", 55620,Boana punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,punctata,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)","It was previously within the genus Hypsiboas, recently considered to be a junior synonym of Boana, and therefore transferred to this genus (Faivovich et al. 2005, Dubois 2017). 

The taxonomy and synonymy of this name is convoluted and unstable. It certainly includes many species (Hoogmoed and Gruber 1983, Lima et al. 2019, Sturaro et al. 2020). The name Hypsiboas hobbsi has been employed for Venezuelan specimens (e.g. McDiarmid and Paolillo 1988). Based on molecular evidence, there appears to be two species under this binomial within the Colombian subpopulations (Guarnizo et al. 2016)." 136090,Microhyla mantheyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,mantheyi,,,,,"Das, Yaakob & Sukumaran, 2007",This was split from the broader concept of Microhyla borneensis (Das et al. 2007). 60042,Tetrathemis corduliformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,corduliformis,,,,,"Longfield, 1936", 60044,Tetrathemis polleni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,polleni,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 60046,Thermochoria equivocata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Thermochoria,equivocata,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 60047,Thermochoria jeanneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Thermochoria,jeanneli,,,,,"(Martin, 1915)","Lieftinck (1969) reported Thermochoria jeanneli disjunctly from Katanga, and Ris (1919) recorded “form b” of T. equivocata, which clearly refers to latter population. Under T. equivocata (Pinhey 1984) called “Ris forma “b” […] locally common in Malawi, Zambia and Shaba”. These records must refer to T. jeanneli. Specimens from West Tanzania in RMNH published by Pinhey and Pinhey (1984) as T. equivocata indeed pertain to T. jeanneli." 60051,Trithemis aconita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,aconita,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1969", 57006,Pristimantis thymelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,thymelensis,,,,,"(Lynch, 1972)", 61540,Ophiomorus punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,punctatissimus,,,,,"(Bibron & Bory, 1833)", 170644,Deroceras bisacchianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,bisacchianum,,,,,"Bodon, Boato & Giusti, 1982", 11205,Lampedusa melitensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Lampedusa,melitensis,,,,,"(Caruana Gatto, 1892)","

It has been confirmed as a valid species through a morphological (shell characters and anatomy of the reproductive system) and genetic (sequencing of a fragment of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit 16S rRNA, and the nuclear internal transcriber spacer 1, ITS-1 rRNA) study (Giusti et al. 1995).

" 170694,Deroceras planarioides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,planarioides,,,,,"(Simroth, 1910)", 170833,Lampedusa imitatrix,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Lampedusa,imitatrix,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1879)","Originally placed in genus Imitatrix, this genus was later found to be so close to Lampedusa that no generic dichotomy was needed. It is distinguished from the other species of the genus by virtue of its peculiar buccal pleats and lamellae arrangement. The species has been cited with two more subspecies (L. i. gattoi and L. i. emersoniana) that are now considered as junior synonyms (Giusti et al. 1995)." 170658,Deroceras dallaii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,dallaii,,,,,"Giusti, 1970","Wiktor (2000) suggested that this form should be considered a synonym of D. panormitanum until further evidence is provided that this could be a separate species. Apart from its evenly black colour, nothing was given that would make a difference to D. panormitanum (Welter-Schultes 2012). Reise et al. (2011) considered D. dallaii as a good species without giving any additional justification or information. Welter-Schultes (2012) in fact did not took into account their unjustified opinion." 170663,Deroceras giustianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,giustianum,,,,,"(Lessona & Pollonera, 1882)","Deroceras giustianum, described from Erice (Sicily) is considered a junior synonym of. D. panormitanum by Reise et al. (2011), stating that the morphology of D. giustianum falls into the high variability shown by the older species. On the other hand, other authors (Welther-Schultes, 2012; Bank, 2013) still keep D. giustianum as a valid species in the checklists." 54665,Duttaphrynus hololius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,hololius,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)",It may be a species complex (S.R. Ganesh pers. comm. August 2020). 22689887,Caprimulgus europaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,europaeus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22686774,Tachymarptis melba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Tachymarptis,melba,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686800,Apus apus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,apus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 189033,Turbinicola aperta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Turbinicola,aperta,,,,,"(Philippi, 1849)",This species is in need of taxonomic review. 44578937,Enyalioides oshaughnessyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,oshaughnessyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1881)", 192041,Elaphe bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,bimaculata,,,,,"Schmidt, 1925", 60055,Trithemis dichroa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,dichroa,,,,,"Karsch, 1893", 60056,Trithemis donaldsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,donaldsoni,,,,,"(Calvert, 1899)","The records of Trithemis donaldsoni from western Africa and Yemen have been recently ascribed to T. dejouxi Pinhey, 1978 (Dijkstra 2007), which is its sister species (Dijkstra et al. 2010). Both species may be easily confounded and their respective range is still unclear and needs further studies." 60057,Trithemis dorsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,dorsalis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 60059,Trithemis grouti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,grouti,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961","The subspecies T. grouti atra is from central Africa. Trithemis grouti has priority over T. atra by two months (Pinhey 1984). This correction has sometimes been overlooked (e.g., Legrand 2003). All records of T. nuptialis in western Africa probably pertain to this species." 60060,Trithemis hecate,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,hecate,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 60061,Trithemis imitata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,imitata,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961","Trithemis imitata Pinhey, 1961 and T. monardi Ris, 1931 are very similar species, with rather relative differences in markings. Their taxonomy needs to be resolved in a geographic perspective. Most T. imitata and T. monardi records appear to be from north and south of the equator, respectively." 184182,Trithemis integra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,integra,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2007", 60064,Trithemis nuptialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,nuptialis,,,,,"Karsch, 1894",Records from western Africa probably follow confusion with T. grouti. This has been confirmed by V. Clausnitzer for the records from Sierra Leone. 60065,Trithemis pluvialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,pluvialis,,,,,"Förster, 1906", 60066,Trithemis pruinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,pruinata,,,,,"Karsch, 1899","This species is easily confused with T. furva, which appears more common in the east and south but rarer in the west of Africa." 60068,Trithemis stictica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,stictica,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)",Subpopulations in the northern Kalahari basin that have been formerly identified as T. stictica are now known as a separate species. 14029,Muticaria macrostoma,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Muticaria,macrostoma,,,,,"(Cantraine, 1835)","For Muticaria macrostoma a number of subspecific taxa have been described:  M. m. oscitans,  M. m. scalaris and M. m. mamotica (Beckmann 1987). Giusti et al. (1995) did not follow any subspecific ranking while Bank (2013) again considered the subspecific taxa in his checklist. For a complete review of the M. macrostoma subspecies see Giusti et al. (1995: 356 and following)." 60069,Trithemis werneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,werneri,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 58755,Sphaerotheca breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Sphaerotheca,breviceps,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)",This species was transferred to the genus Sphaerotheca by Dubois 1987. Dubois (1987) considers Sphaerotheca strachani as either incertae sedis within Sphaerotheca or as a synonym of S. breviceps. Here we retain S. strachani and S. pluvialis as synonyms of S. breviceps here until their taxonomic status is fully established. The taxonomy of Sphaerotheca breviceps needs further investigation. 22692543,Crex crex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Crex,crex,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 59603,Ichthyophis larutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,larutensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59570,Microcaecilia albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,albiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 60039,Trithetrum navasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithetrum,navasi,,,,,"(Lacroix, 1921)",This genus was recently revised: Sympetrum navasi is junior synonym to Tritherum navasi (Dijkstra and Pilgrimm 2007). 61484,Chalcides parallelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,parallelus,,,,,"Doumergue, 1901", 61517,Anatololacerta anatolica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Anatololacerta,anatolica,,,,,"(Werner, 1902)","Lacerta anatolica was previously described as a subspecies of L. danfordi, but is now considered a full species. Following Arnold et al. (2007), Lacerta anatolica is now named Anatololacerta anatolica." 59898,Lestes amicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,amicus,,,,,"Martin, 1910", 61553,Podarcis siculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,siculus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)",Senczuk et al. (2019) proposed recognizing the mtDNA divergent Western Pontine lineage as a distinct species for which the name Podarcis latastei is available. Speybroeck et al. (2020) recommend refraining from adopting this scheme pending nuclear DNA research and a fuller revision of this likely species complex. 164628,Eirenis punctatolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,punctatolineatus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)","Two subspecies are described. The nominative subspecies, E. p. punctatolineatus is found in north Eurasia, and E. p. kumerlavi Eiselt, 1970 is found in the area of Lake Van in eastern Turkey." 61481,Chalcides minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,minutus,,,,,"Caputo, 1993", 58275,Fejervarya limnocharis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,limnocharis,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)","The Fejervarya limnocharis complex is certain to contain a large number of cryptic species (Zug et al. 1998). A recent study (Sumida et al. 2007) provides evidence supporting the notion that the population from Sri Lanka is a different species (possibly Fejervarya syhadrensis), and that populations from Thailand (Bangkok) and Japan (Hiroshima) may merit specific status. The populations in China have been confirmed as three separate species: F. multistriata (Hallowell, 1861) was removed from synonymy with F. limnocharis, and two newly described species have been described as F. kawamurai (Djong, Matsui, Kuramoto, Nishioka & Sumida, 2011) and F. sakishimensis (Matsui, Toda & Ota, 2008)." 58576,Odorrana chloronota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,chloronota,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)","We follow Bain et al. (2003) in recognizing that this is a wide ranging species previously erroneously referred to as Odorrana livida. O. livida is restricted to the neotype locality in the Dawna Mountains of southern Myanmar. Bain et al. (2003) provided a partial revision of the O. chloronota complex, and considered it likely that previously undescribed species in the O. chloronota complex will be found, both in the wild and in current museum collections.

Subpopulations of this species in Viet Nam are believed to be a species complex (Vassilieva et al. 2016)." 56739,Pristimantis malkini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,malkini,,,,,"(Lynch, 1980)", 41605,Herpestes ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,ochraceus,,,,,"(J.E. Gray, 1848)","This species has been treated as conspecific with H. sanguineus, but is here regarded as distinct following Azzaroli and Simonetta (1966), Taylor and Goldman (1993), Wozencraft (2005), and Taylor (2013). Sometimes included in the genus Galerella (e.g., Wozencraft 1993, Wozencraft 2005, Veron et al. in press)." 41618,Herpestes urva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Herpestes,urva,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)",Corbet and Hill (1992) list three subspecies. 22692676,Porzana porzana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porzana,porzana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 12847,Martes gwatkinsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,gwatkinsii,,,,,"Horsfield, 1851","This species has been sometimes been included in Martes flavigula (e.g., Corbet and Hill 1992), but has been separated as a valid species by other authors (e.g., Pocock 1941, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Anderson 1970, Rozhnov 1995)." 22692663,Zapornia parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,parva,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)",Zapornia parva (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 57855,Kaloula pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,pulchra,,,,,"Gray, 1831",Specimens from Sumatra and Sulawesi need examination to determine whether or not they belong to this species (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 55391,Hyla annectans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,annectans,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)",This species has several subspecies (Fei et al. 2009). 12152,Litoria raniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,raniformis,,,,,"(Keferstein, 1867)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria, Nyctimystes and Cyclorana as previously recognised. This taxonomy is currently used in all Australian lists (e.g., ASH list, State and Federal government lists) and field guides (e.g., Hoskin et al. 2015, Cogger 2018, Clulow and Swan 2018)." 56558,Pristimantis diadematus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,diadematus,,,,,"(Jimenez de la Espada, 1875)", 55378,Boana albopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,albopunctata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). The 2004 and 2008 assessments reported this species from Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires provinces, Argentina; however there are no published or collection specimens of the species occurring in that area (D. Baldo and J. Faivovich pers. comms. 2018)." 185127,Lipophrys trigloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Lipophrys,trigloides,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 56594,Pristimantis eurydactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,eurydactylus,,,,,"(Hedges & Schluter, 1992)", 135898,Leptobrachium ngoclinhense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,ngoclinhense,,,,,"(Orlov, 2005)", 22692146,Grus grus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,grus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Hybrids with G. monacha recorded on migration in NE China (Williams et al. 1992). New subspecies archibaldi appears to be distinctive owing to absence of red on hindcrown, but other characters remain to be determined; not yet accepted by some authorities (Dickinson & Remsen 2013). E form lilfordi (Turkey to EC Asia; wintering NE Africa E to S China) sometimes recognized, but here regarded as probably undiagnosable, differences from nominate believed to be based on plumage colour variations due in part to differences in feather-painting behaviour. Two subspecies recognized." 86222059,Saga gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Saga,gracilis,,,,,"Kis, 1962","This species was formerly considered a subspecies of Saga campbelli by Kaltenbach (1967) and it was later established as a distinct species based on genetic markers by Kolics et al.(2012). According to M. Lemonnier-Darcemont pers. comm. 2015, there is proof of the synonymy between S. gracilis and S. campbelli." 39420,Triturus karelinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Triturus,karelinii,,,,,"(Strauch, 1870)",The exact ranges of members of the Triturus cristatus superspecies are unclear in the central Balkans. 58937,Pseudophilautus wynaadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,wynaadensis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854;)",This species was revalidated by Bossuyt and Dubois (2001). It was previously considered to be a synonym of Philautus variabilis. Specimens recorded as P. temporalis and P. leucorhinus from the Western Ghats of India are now correctly assigned to this species (Bossuyt and Dubious 2001). 58548,Rana arvalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,arvalis,,,,,"Nilsson, 1842","The intraspecific systematics of this species needs further study. Animals from the Altai Mountains have for a long time been considered as a separate subspecies of Rana arvalis or as the species Rana altaica. This has largely been on the basis of their shorter shins and large inner metatarsal tubercle. Similar frogs have since been found in other parts of the range of Rana arvalis (e.g., in the north of European Russia and in the Urals) and in Siberia some animals display transient characters between Rana arvalis and the Altaic taxon. Until this taxonomic issue is fully resolved we include Rana altaica within Rana arvalis." 86235821,Galea comes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Galea,comes,,,,,"Thomas, 1919", 86236150,Galea leucoblephara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Galea,leucoblephara,,,,,"Burmeister, 1861","

G. l. demissa Thomas, 1921 – Chaco dry woodlands of central and southern Bolivia western Paraguay, and southward to Argentina, reaching the provinces of Santiago del Estero and Catamarca.

G. l. leucoblephara Burmeister, 1861 – Extending from Catamarca Province in Argentina south through La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza and Cordoba.

G. l. littoralis Thomas, 1901 – Mendoza and La Pampa Provinces in Argentina south to Chubut. Also extends from coastal Buenos Aires Province west to the base of the Andes (Lacher 2016). 

 

" 58983,Rhacophorus calcadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,calcadensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1927", 59031,Theloderma asperum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,asperum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1886)",This species is sometimes confused with Philautus albopunctatus (M.W.N. Lau pers. comm.). 57010,Pristimantis toftae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,toftae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)", 61449,Hierophis viridiflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Hierophis,viridiflavus,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1789)","This species was formerly included in the genus Coluber, but is included here in Hierophis following Schätti and Utiger (2001) and Nagy et al. (2004). Nagy et al. (2002) showed that the subspecies H. viridiflavus carbonarius is probably a different evolutionary unit from H. v. viridiflavus. Mezzasalma et al. (2015) suggested on the basis of genetic evidence that these taxa should be considered distinct species, however there is a lack of correspondence between known morphological variation and genetic divergence (Rato et al. 2009) and between different genetic markers (Speybroeck et al. 2020). As such this assessment follows Speybroeck et al. (2020) in treating H. v. carbonarius as a subspecies.
The synonym Hierophis gyarosensis (known only from the island of Gyaros [Greece]) is actually an introduced population of H. v. carbonarius (Utiger and Schätti 2004)." 14734,Neurergus crocatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Neurergus,crocatus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 58926,Raorchestes tinniens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Raorchestes,tinniens,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)","Raorchestes punctatus and R. melanensis (collected by Rao in Karnataka) are considered to be synonyms of this species (Bossuyt and Dubois 2001), but further studies are required to confirm this relationship (Biju S.D. pers. comm.)." 22697691,Ciconia ciconia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,ciconia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 61491,Coronella girondica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coronella,girondica,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)", 46086220,Pristimantis aureoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,aureoventris,,,,,"Kok, Means & Bossuyt, 2011","

Pristimantis sp. “J” from the summit of Mount Roraima in Venezuela (see McDiarmid and Donnelly 2005) could be P. aureoventris, but tissue samples and specimens are necessary to corroborate this assumption (Jablonski et al. 2017).

" 78576297,Pseudoeurycea kuautli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,kuautli,,,,,"Campbell, Brodie, Blancas-Hernández & Smith, 2013", 78576349,Pseudohynobius guizhouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Pseudohynobius,guizhouensis,,,,,"Li, Tian & Gu, 2010", 86263590,Cavia patzelti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAVIIDAE,Cavia,patzelti,,,,,"Schliemann, 1982", 57560,Leptobrachium xanthospilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,xanthospilum,,,,,"Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Cuc, 1998",This species was reported as Leptobrachium pullum by Inger et al. (1999). 152031540,Trachinocephalus myops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Trachinocephalus,myops,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","Previously a circumtropical species, Trachinocephalus myops was recently separated into three species: T. myops, restricted to the Atlantic Ocean; T. trachinus, known from throughout the Indo-West Pacific; and T. gauguini restricted to the Marquesas Islands (Polanco et al. 2016). The geographic range of T. myops has therefore been reduced considerably." 192939,Rhonciscus crocro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Rhonciscus,crocro,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","This species can be misidentified with Pomadasys corvinaeformis." 190111,Fundulus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,grandis,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 190329,Cyprinodon artifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cyprinodon,artifrons,,,,,"Hubbs, 1936", 191309,Floridichthys polyommus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Floridichthys,polyommus,,,,,"Hubbs, 1936","This species was split into two by Duggins et al. (1983), with Floridichthys polyommus retained along the Yucatan and F. carpio restricted to Florida." 191314,Fundulus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,similis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)","Relyea (1983) synonymized Fundulus similis of southern Florida with F. majalis because F. similis was based on the Gulf population of F. majalis. The same author earlier had recommended (1967, Doctoral dissertation, Tulane Univ.) that populations from southeastern Florida and the Florida Keys be recognized as an undescribed species. Though recognizing that a new scientific name is needed, the 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991) continued to use the name F. similis for the southeastern Florida population. The genus Fundulus was removed from Atheriniformes: Cyprinodontidae and placed in Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae by Parenti (1981); pending confirmation based on other character suites, this change was not accepted in the 1991 AFS checklist (Robins et al. 1991). See Wiley (1986) for a study of the evolutionary relationships of Fundulus topminnows based on morphological characters. See Cashner et al. (1992) for an allozyme-based phylogenetic analysis of the genus Fundulus (NatureServe 2013)." 183364,Oligoplites saurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Oligoplites,saurus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 190458,Caranx hippos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,hippos,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Recently, Caranx hippos from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean was split into two species. A new species, Caranx fischeri, was described by Smith-Vaniz and Carpenter (2007). Caranx hippos and C. fischeri are largely sympatric, however it is C. fischeri which is found in the Mediterranean. There have been no confirmed records of C. hippos in the Mediterranean." 191829,Caranx latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,latus,,,,,"Agassiz, 1831", 195076,Micropogonias furnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Micropogonias,furnieri,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1823)","According to Catalog of Fishes and Kong and Valdes (1990), Micropogonias manni, which is known to occur only in Chile, may be a junior synonym of M. furnieri. This is not correct, as M. manni is valid, but with nomen dubium (uncertain name). Micropogonias furnieri does not occur in Chile. Specimens collected from Lago Budi, southern Chile (N.L. Chao, 15 March 2011, deposited at the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile) are distinct from M. manni. Taxonomic work on the East Pacific Micropogonias species is needed (N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2020)." 10939,Jenkinsia parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Jenkinsia,parvula,,,,,"Cervigón & Velazquez, 1978","The taxonomy of the genus Jenkinsia is in need of review (Whitehead 1985). This species may be a synonym of other species of Jenkinsia in the region, though it is possible that this is a valid species with a wider distribution. For the purposes of this assessment, Jenkinsia parvula is considered valid." 190478,Harengula jaguana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Harengula,jaguana,,,,,"Poey, 1865","Variations in body depth, eye size, etc., of individuals collected throughout this range suggest that more systematic work is needed on this taxon (Munroe 2002). It may be a synonym of Harengula clupeola (B. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2012)." 193273,Achirus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Achirus,lineatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 193274,Trinectes paulistanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,paulistanus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1915)", 16406635,Anchoa trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,trinitatis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1915)", 16406919,Anchoviella blackburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,blackburni,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1943","Some authors question the validity of this species and its taxonomic status need to be determined when a systematic revision is conducted (Whitehead et al. 1988, Nizinski and Munroe 2002). For the purposes of this assessment, Anchoviella blackburni will be treated as valid." 16439534,Cyclopsetta chittendeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Cyclopsetta,chittendeni,,,,,"Bean, 1895", 16439642,Cyclopsetta fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Cyclopsetta,fimbriata,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)","In a revision of the genus Cyclopsetta, Khidir et al. (2004) noted variation in several characters between specimens of C. fimbriata from the Gulf of Mexico and those from the Caribbean Sea. However, they indicated that more specimens were needed to address the question of whether or not more than one species is represented by these specimens. To date, no further studies have addressed this question and it is the position herein that only one species is represented by all the material examined by Khidir et al. (2004)." 16465952,Odontognathus compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Odontognathus,compressus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1923", 16465969,Odontognathus mucronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Odontognathus,mucronatus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1800", 16466332,Pellona harroweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pellona,harroweri,,,,,"(Fowler, 1917)", 166985,Hyporhamphus unifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,unifasciatus,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1841)",



190195,Strongylura timucu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,timucu,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","This species has been previously confused with Strongylura marina (Collette 1968)." 190257,Opsanus beta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Opsanus,beta,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1880)", 191193,Batrachoides gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,gilberti,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1928", 191196,Chriodorus atherinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Chriodorus,atherinoides,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1882", 191197,Hyporhamphus meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,meeki,,,,,"Banford & Collette, 1993","Prior to 1993, this species was commonly identified as Hyporhamphus unifasciatus." 16759101,Hypoplectrus maya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,maya,,,,,"Lobel, 2011","Hamlet species are defined primarily on differences in colour patterns. They are known to interbreed and hybridize freely with very little consistent genetic differentiation amongst them. Prior to its description, it was confused with the phenotypically-similar Hypoplectrus gemma (Domeier 1994). A recent genomic analysis of H. maya confirms it is a distinct evolutionary lineage from other Caribbean hamlet species, including H. nigricans, H. puella, H. unicolor and H. gemma (Moran et al. 2019)." 46105095,Equetus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Equetus,punctatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 47148169,Ophioscion panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,panamensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1945","As observed during a re-examination of the type specimens of Ophioscion panamensis, it is suspected that this is a junior synonym of O. punctatissimus (L. Chao pers. comm. 2015)." 16749758,Pareques iwamotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pareques,iwamotoi,,,,,"(Miller & Woods, 1988)", 47148543,Pareques umbrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pareques,umbrosus,,,,,"(Jordan & Eigenmann, 1889)", 16749978,Protosciaena bathytatos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Protosciaena,bathytatos,,,,, (Chao & Miller 1975), 47148847,Protosciaena trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Protosciaena,trewavasae,,,,,"(Chao & Miller, 1975)", 47148940,Stellifer chaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,chaoi,,,,,"Aguilera, Solano & Valdez, 1983", 46106412,Stellifer colonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,colonensis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1925", 47149427,Stellifer venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,venezuelae,,,,,"(Schultz, 1945)", 47149594,Umbrina milliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,milliae,,,,,"Miller, 1971", 185872,Leptophilypnus fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Leptophilypnus,fluviatilis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1916", 57574,Leptobrachella pluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,pluvialis,,,,,"(Ohler, Marquis, Swan & Grosjean, 2000)", 22697346,Botaurus stellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Botaurus,stellaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 61556,Podarcis vaucheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Podarcis,vaucheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)",The systematics of North African populations of the Podarcis hispanicus group - presently assigned to Podarcis vaucheri following Oliverio et al. (2000) - have not been investigated. 55419,Dendropsophus bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,bokermanni,,,,,"(Goin, 1960)",

 

57186,Odontophrynus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,americanus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","This species is a complex of more than one species. Diploid populations in Cordoba, Argentina were recently separated from the tetraploid nominal form americanus to create the species Odontophrynus cordobae (Martino and Sinsch 2002). Earlier records of O. americanus from Bolivia refer to an undescribed species and are not included here. Other diploid populations elsewhere in the range of O. americanus might represent new species." 61499,Eumeces algeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eumeces,algeriensis,,,,,"Peters, 1864", 164622,Ablepharus chernovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,chernovi,,,,,"Darevsky, 1953","This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Ablepharus kitaibellii, but was raised to species rank by Schmidtler (1997). A recent study has confirmed A. chernovi as a genetically distinct form (Poulakakis et al. 2005)." 164744,Anatololacerta danfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Anatololacerta,danfordi,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)","Anatololacerta anatolica was previously described as a subspecies of A. danfordi, but is now considered to be a full species." 55291,Cruziohyla craspedopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Cruziohyla,craspedopus,,,,,"(Funkhouser, 1957)",This species was previously within the genus Agalychnis but has since been moved to the genus Cruziohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 155333,Bufotes viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,viridis,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)",Further revision of taxonomy of the Bufotes viridis complex with the use of genetic and biochemical data is needed. There was disagreement over the use of the generic name Pseudepidalea in place of Bufo and now most species have been moved to Bufotes because of non-monophyly of both Bufo and Pseudepidalea. 54710,Duttaphrynus microtympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,microtympanum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","Several specimens bearing this name, and which are deposited in different museums in India, do not belong to this species (Biju 2001)." 54707,Duttaphrynus melanostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,melanostictus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)",There are multiple cryptic species under this species name (Wogan et al. 2016). Duttaphrynus tienhoensis was synonymized with D. melanostictus by Dubois and Ohler (1999). 61497,Eirenis levantinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,levantinus,,,,,"Schmidtler, 1993", 56713,Pristimantis leoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,leoni,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)",A taxonomic revision is necessary (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2021). 56546,Pristimantis curtipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,curtipes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 61489,Chalcides striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcides,striatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 62774969,Egretta garzetta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,garzetta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Egretta gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) contains the taxon dimorpha, which was previously included within E. garzetta following Kushlan and Hancock (2005). Prior to that, all three taxa were treated as separate species following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 18743,Pteropus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,niger,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 56429,Pristimantis appendiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,appendiculatus,,,,,"(Werner, 1894)",This species was redescribed by Lynch (1970). 58953,Polypedates leucomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,leucomystax,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)","Polypedates leucomystax represents a complex of poorly known cryptic species. Until a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the Polypedates leucomystax complex is undertaken, we follow Orlov et al. (2001) in restricting Polypedates megacephalus to populations north of the Red River of Viet Nam, and we consider populations south of the Red River, including those western Yunnan (China) to refer to P. leucomystax (with the exception of a few recent records from northeastern India)." 58612,Sylvirana guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 12399,Lucifuga simile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,simile,,,,,"Nalbant, 1981","The genus Lucifuga is one of the most diverse stygiobiotic genera of fishes to have been described. The taxonomy of Lucifuga species may still be incomplete due to relatively common discoveries of new species. García-Machado et al. (2011) concluded that Lucifuga spp. are genetically divergent, but most closely related lineages are morphologically indistinguishable and recommend revisiting the taxonomy of the genus. Since the distribution of certain morphological characters among these species is disjointed, they possibly may not be used for classification in the future. A description of a new species, Lucifuga gibarensis of Cuba, was recently published (Hernández et al. 2020)." 16467724,Lucifuga lucayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,lucayana,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans, Iliffe & Nielsen, 2006","The genus Lucifuga is known as one of the most diverse of stygiobiotic fishes. The systematics of Lucifuga may still be incomplete due to the relatively common discoveries of new species. Garcia-Machado et al. (2011) concluded that Lucifuga spp. are genetically divergent, but with some of the species being morphologically indistinguishable and recommends revisiting the taxonomy of the genus. A revision of the Lucifuga spp. of Cuba with the description of a new species is currently in preparation by Hernández et al. (Hernández, D., Casane, D., García, A., Chevalier-Monteagudo, P., Møller, P. R. and García-Machado, E.). Recently a species from eastern Cuba, formerly described as a variety of L. dentata, was described as a new species, L. gibarensis (Hernández et al. 2020). The species appears to be more closely related to Bahamian species, than to the other Cuban species. 

There are no species of Lucifuga spp. on Little Bahama Bank other than L. lucayana and the other Bahamian species L. spelaeotes separated from L. lucayana by the deep waters of the Providence Channels (Møller et al. 2006)." 191192,Menidia colei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Menidia,colei,,,,,"Hubbs, 1936", 190274,Trichopsetta ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Trichopsetta,ventralis,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 19432,Retinella stabilei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Retinella,stabilei,,,,,"(Pollonera, 1886)", 56108,Hyperolius acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,acuticeps,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","There has been considerable debate on the taxonomic status of this species and others in the Hyperolius nasutus complex. Here we follow Channing, Moyer and Burger (2002) in considering Hyperolius acuticeps to be distinct from H. nasutus. However, we also follow Amiet (2005) in assigning West and Central African populations to H. adspersus and H. igbettensis, and Channing et al. (2013) in restricting H. acuticeps to Tanzania and Malawi, assigning the South African part of its range to H. poweri." 57986,Uperodon montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,montanus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon." 55650,Dendropsophus schubarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,schubarti,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1963)",

 

41241,Lyciasalamandra luschani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lyciasalamandra,luschani,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)","Formerly included in the genus Salamandra, this taxon was assigned to the genus Lyciasalamandra by Veith and Steinfartz (2004)." 59597,Siphonops paulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Siphonops,paulensis,,,,,"Boettger, 1892",This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). It is unclear that all populations are conspecific. 58621,Humerana humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Humerana,humeralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 56116,Hyperolius benguellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,benguellensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1893)","We follow Poynton and Broadley (1987) and Schiøtz and van Daele (2003) in regarding this to be a species distinct from, and sympatric with, Hyperolius nasutus and H. acuticeps, and in this respect we do not follow the taxonomic re-arrangement of this Group proposed by Channing, Moyer and Burger (2002). A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) believes that Channing, Moyer and Burger might have confused H. benguellensis and H. viridis." 54584,Duttaphrynus beddomii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,beddomii,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)",Many museum specimens assigned to Bufo beddomi are misidentifications (Biju 2001). 10712,Hypnophila remyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,COCHLICOPIDAE,Hypnophila,remyi,,,,,"(C.R. Boettger, 1949)", 56014,Sphaenorhynchus dorisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sphaenorhynchus,dorisae,,,,,"(Goin, 1957)", 61537,Montivipera xanthina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Montivipera,xanthina,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","The taxonomy of this species remains unresolved, and some authorities consider Montivipera bornmuelleri, M. albizona and M. wagneri (the latter two sometimes themselves treated as subspecies of a distinct M. bornmuelleri) (Geniez 2018). All four named lineages are treated as distinct species in these assessments following Nilson et al. (1999).

Morphological and molecular variation within the resulting concept of M. xanthina has resulted suggests that M. xanthina is likely to be a complex of three or four species but data are presently insufficient to warrant making taxonomic changes (Stümpel et al. 2016). Subsequently two new subspecies have been recognized, M. x. occidentalis Cattaneo, 2017 and M. x. varoli Afsar, Yakin, Çiçek & Ayaz, 2019." 12700,Malacolimax wiktori,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Malacolimax,wiktori,,,,,"Alonso & Ibáñez, 1989", 22693727,Pluvialis apricaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Pluvialis,apricaria,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 61798,Hyperolius igbettensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,igbettensis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1963",This species was removed from synonymy of Hyperolius nasutus (or Hyperolius acuticeps sensu Channing et al. (2002)) by Amiet (2005). 185943,Bathygobius curacao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,curacao,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)", 191207,Brevoortia gunteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Brevoortia,gunteri,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1948", 191311,Fundulus grandissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,grandissimus,,,,,"Hubbs, 1936", 159251,Amolops splendissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,splendissimus,,,,,"Orlov & Ho, 2007","Amolops splendissimus and A. caelumnoctis appear to be synonyms for the same species (R. Bain pers. comm. 2009). Until their taxonomic status is resolved, we herein treat both as valid species." 22693906,Eudromias morinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Eudromias,morinellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693983,Vanellus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,spinosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693178,Numenius phaeopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,phaeopus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693468,Calidris pugnax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,pugnax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Calidris pugnax (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Philomachus. 54655,Rhinella granulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,granulosa,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)",Considerable evidence suggests that this nominal species is composed of several biological species. 56221,Hyperolius viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,viridis,,,,,"Schiøtz, 1975","We follow the definition of this species as given by Poynton and Broadley (1987), and Schiøtz (1999), rather than that given by Channing, Moyer and Burger (2002). Schiøtz (pers. comm.) believes that Channing, Moyer and Burger might have confused Hyperolius benguellensis and H. viridis." 22693369,Calidris alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,alba,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 55920,Scarthyla goinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scarthyla,goinorum,,,,,"(Duellman & de Sá, 1988)", 55801,Osteocephalus planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,planiceps,,,,,"Cope, 1874",This species was removed from synonymy of Osteocephalus taurinus by Duellman and Mendelson (1995). Further revision of available Osteocephalus collections revealed that the specimens of Osteocephalus reported from Jaú National Park by Gordo and Neckel-Oliveira (2004) actually represent O. vilarsi (Ferrão et al. 2019). 56746,Pristimantis martiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,martiae,,,,,"(Lynch, 1974)",This form might consist of more than one species. 61913,Lyciasalamandra antalyana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lyciasalamandra,antalyana,,,,,"(Başoğlu & Baran, 1976)",This taxon was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Salamandra lushchani. It has been elevated to species level and assigned to the genus Lyciasalamandra by Veith and Steinfartz (2004). 58260,Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Euphlyctis,cyanophlyctis,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)", 58411,Occidozyga lima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,lima,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)", 61558,Psammodromus algirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Psammodromus,algirus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Populations in Iberia and France previously assigned to this species are now regarded as separate species jeanneae and manuelae (Busack et al. 2006). 22693085,Gallinago stenura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,stenura,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1830)", 185128,Parablennius gattorugine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Parablennius,gattorugine,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 55373,Dendropsophus acreanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,acreanus,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1964)",

 

56496,Pristimantis carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Lutz, 1952)", 22693133,Lymnocryptes minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Lymnocryptes,minimus,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1764)", 59451,Neurergus microspilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Neurergus,microspilotus,,,,,"(Nesterov, 1916)","

According to recent studies, molecular and morphological characters are not sufficiently suitable to differentiate between N. derjugini and N. microspilotus, contrary to previous assumptions (Schneider and Schneider 2011, Najafimajd et al. 2013, Schneider and Schneider 2013, Hendrix et al. 2014). Therefore, we follow regarding papers, accept N. derjugini as a valid species and N. microspilotus as its junior synonym due to taxonomical priority reasons.

" 164570,Phoenicolacerta laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Phoenicolacerta,laevis,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)","Following Arnold et al. (2007), Lacerta laevis is now named Phoenicolacerta laevis.The subspecies Phoenicolacerta laevis troodica (Werner, 1936) from Cyprus was elevated to full species status as Phoenicolacerta troodica by Arnold et al. (2007)." 22693264,Actitis hypoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Actitis,hypoleucos,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22693243,Tringa ochropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,ochropus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22693207,Tringa erythropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,erythropus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22693220,Tringa nebularia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,nebularia,,,,,"(Gunnerus, 1767)", 22693211,Tringa totanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,totanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693247,Tringa glareola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,glareola,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22693216,Tringa stagnatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,stagnatilis,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1803)", 59624,Ichthyophis laosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,laosensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1969",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59638,Ichthyophis youngorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,youngorum,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 57880,Micryletta erythropoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Micryletta,erythropoda,,,,,"(Tarkhnishvili, 1994)", 22694782,Chlidonias leucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Chlidonias,leucopterus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 61852,Nanohyla nanapollexa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,nanapollexa,,,,,"(Bain & Nguyen, 2004)", 57890,Microhyla picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,picta,,,,,"Schenkel, 1901", 60014,Pseudagrion commoniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,commoniae,,,,,"(Förster, 1902)","Pseudagrion is likely to be split into two genera at some point. Until this taxonomic split occurs, the candidates for these two groups are highlighted by ""group A"" and ""group B"". This species belongs to group B." 60072,Urothemis assignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,assignata,,,,,"(Selys, 1872)", 59941,Zygonoides fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonoides,fuelleborni,,,,,"(Grünberg, 1902)",This genus has been object of taxonomic changes: Olpogastra fuelleborni is junior synonym to Zygonoides fuelleborni (Dijkstra et al. 2006). 60075,Zygonyx flavicosta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,flavicosta,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1900)","The taxonomy of Zygonyx fallax (Schouteden, 1934) and Z. flavicosta (Sjöstedt, 1900) is problematic, in part because the Z. fallax holotype (MRAC) is a female. Specimens from west Uganda differ slightly from typical Z. flavicosta, most clearly by the relative length of the epiproct, and have traditionally been identified as Z. fallax. Zygonyx fallax is treated as synonym to Z. flavicosta (not yet published)." 60076,Zygonyx natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,natalensis,,,,,"(Martin, 1900)",Zygonyx ikomae is a synonym (Dijkstra unpubl.). 60077,Zygonyx regisalberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,regisalberti,,,,,"(Schouteden, 1934)","Zygonyx pretentiosus Fraser, 1957 and Z. chrysobaphes umbrosus Fraser, 1957 are possible synonyms." 60079,Zyxomma atlanticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zyxomma,atlanticum,,,,,"Selys, 1889", 58416,Occidozyga vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,vittata,,,,,"(Andersson, 1942)",The relationship of this species with Occidozyga laevis and O. martensii is unclear. It was placed in Occidozyga by Inger (1996). See note under O. martensii. 183152,Microphis fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)", 61873,Odorrana orba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,orba,,,,,"(Stuart & Bain, 2005)", 22689194,Glaucidium passerinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,passerinum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Sometimes considered to form a species-group with G. brodiei and G. perlatum, and New World G. gnoma (with recently separated G. cobanense and G. hoskinsii) and G. californicum, but DNA evidence shows that present species and G. californicum are not closely related. Subspecies orientale intergrades with nominate in W Siberia and Altai Mts. Two subspecies recognized." 22725469,Strix aluco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,aluco,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Strix aluco and S. nivicolum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. aluco following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 56408,Eleutherodactylus alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,alticola,,,,,"Lynn, 1937", 56543,Eleutherodactylus cundalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,cundalli,,,,,"Dunn, 1926", 195008,Eleutherodactylus diplasius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,diplasius,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus wetmorei (Hedges et al. 2008)." 195011,Eleutherodactylus notidodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,notidodes,,,,,"Schwartz, 1966","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus audanti (Hedges et al. 2008). On the basis of preliminary molecular data, Díaz et al. (2018) suggested that E. melatrigonum may be conspecific with E. notidodes." 195012,Eleutherodactylus paralius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,paralius,,,,,"Schwartz, 1976","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus weinlandi (Hedges et al. 2008)." 195014,Eleutherodactylus sommeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,sommeri,,,,,"Schwartz, 1977","This species was split from Eleutherodactylus wetmorei (Hedges et al. 2008)." 58807,Philautus abditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,abditus,,,,,"Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999", 135837,Amolops vitreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,vitreus,,,,,"(Bain, Stuart & Orlov, 2006)",This species has been assigned to the genus Amolops following Stuart (2008); in the Amolops monticola group of Stuart et al. (2010). 2742,Bellamya ecclesi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,ecclesi,,,,,"(Crowley & Pain, 1964)", 22726503,Picus canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,canus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788","

Picus canus, P. guerini and P. dedemi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. canus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 58597,Sylvirana faber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,faber,,,,,"(Ohler, Swan and Daltry, 2002)", 22725022,Picus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,viridis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22681382,Dryocopus martius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryocopus,martius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22727137,Picoides tridactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,tridactylus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Picoides tridactylus and P. funebris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. tridactylus following AOU (2003). P. tridactylus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into P. tridactylus and P. dorsalis following AOU (2003), and prior to that all three taxa were lumped as P. tridactylus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 86802697,Alosterna pauli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Alosterna,pauli,,,,,"Pesarini, Rapuzzi & Sabbadini, 2004","Alosterna pauli Pesarini, Rapuzzi & Sabbadini, 2004 was described in the group of species related to A. anatolica Adlbauer, 1992 and A. tabacicolor (De Geer, 1775) (Adlbauer 1992, Pesarini and Sabbadini 2004). It differs from them on the basis of strong elements while the description paper gives precise drawings. Some mistakes remain in the documentation, like in Fauna Europaea where the description date is 2003 (De Jong et al. 2014) or wrong bibliographic reference for the description (Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2012).
" 86803284,Anisarthron barbipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Anisarthron,barbipes,,,,,"(Schrank, 1845)", 86803401,Xestoleptura nigroflava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Xestoleptura,nigroflava,,,,,"(Fuss, 1852)","Xestoleptura nigroflava (Fuss, 1852) is very close to the related Siberian species X. rufiventris (Gebler, 1830). For its original descriptions, Fuss (1852) probably did not know this species and did not provide a differential diagnosis (Kadlec and Hajek 2005). Therefore, many subsequent authors have considered the description to be a misinterpretation of another species: Evodinus borealis (Gyllenhal, 1827), Brachyta variabilis (Gebler, 1817), Brachyta borni (Ganglbauer, 1903) or Xestoleptura rufiventris. This last synonymy was largely accepted until now. However, Kadlec and Hajek (2005) collected a male near the Type locality, and have compared it with the Type specimen and with Siberian specimens of X. rufiventris. This has made it possible to strongly establish the true specific identity of X. nigroflava. This opinion is accepted by Danilevsky (2015)." 86803993,Arhopalus pinetorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Arhopalus,pinetorum,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1863)", 86804998,Drymochares cylindraceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Drymochares,cylindraceus,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1849)", 86805020,Drymochares truquii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Drymochares,truquii,,,,,"Mulsant, 1847", 86805067,Evodinus clathratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Evodinus,clathratus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1792)", 86805885,Grammoptera viridipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Grammoptera,viridipennis,,,,,"Pic, 1893", 86806645,Neopiciella sicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Neopiciella,sicula,,,,,"(Ganglbauer, 1886)", 86807120,Paracorymbia hybrida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Paracorymbia,hybrida,,,,,"(Rey, 1885)", 86807153,Paracorymbia picticornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Paracorymbia,picticornis,,,,,"(Reitter, 1885)", 86807170,Paracorymbia stragulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Paracorymbia,stragulata,,,,,"(Germar, 1824)", 86807269,Pedostrangalia ariadne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pedostrangalia,ariadne,,,,,"Daniel, 1904", 86807246,Pedostrangalia revestita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pedostrangalia,revestita,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 86848967,Pidonia lurida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pidonia,lurida,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)","Fabricius’ Entomologia systematica dedicated to Cerambycidae (first tome), was published in two parts with the date 1792 indicated on the title page of the first part. The second part was published in 1793 (Gaedike et al. 2012), not in 1792 as listed by authors. The correct name is Pidonia lurida (Fabricius, 1793: 343) (Danilevsky 2016)." 86849298,Saphanus piceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Saphanus,piceus,,,,,"(Laicharting, 1784)", 86849373,Schurmannia sicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Schurmannia,sicula,,,,,"Sama, 1978","The taxonomic position of the genus Schurmannia is unclear but is most probably a synonym of Alocerus, as Švácha and Danilevsky (1987) first confirmed the strong similarity between the larvae of A. moesiacus and S. sicula. Then Holzschuh (1995), proposed a new combination, Alocerus siculus, but this was not considered by subsequent authors." 86859427,Stictoleptura trisignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stictoleptura,trisignata,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1852)", 86859525,Xylosteus bartoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Xylosteus,bartoni,,,,,"Obenberger & Maran, 1933", 86859528,Xylosteus spinolae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Xylosteus,spinolae,,,,,"Frivaldszky, 1838","Xylosteus caucasicola Plavilstshikov, 1936 is considered by Sama and Rapuzzi (1999), Sama (2002), and Löbl and Smetana (2010), as a subspecies of X. spinolae, while according to Miroshnikov (1998, pers. comm. 2016), and to Danilevsky (2016) this taxonomic transfer is unacceptable. Based on the review of dozens of specimens, Miroshnikov (1998) showed clear distinctive characters between the two taxa and confirmed the specific status of X. caucasicola. Sama and Rapuzzi (1999) replied that not enough specimens have been studied, especially specimens from south-eastern Europe that are viewed as transitional forms between spinolae and caucasicola. Here, X. caucasicola is considered as a good species, endemic to the Caucasus and the Krasnodar mountains. In Turkey, Miroshnikov (2000), described X. kadleci that could be a subspecies of X. caucasicola but more specimens are needed from Anatolia to confirm this hypothesis." 86859539,Alloxantha lutea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Alloxantha,lutea,,,,,"Seidlitz, 1899", 86860058,Nacerdochroa concolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Nacerdochroa,concolor,,,,,"(Brullé, 1839)", 86863021,Alphitophagus carteianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Alphitophagus,carteianus,,,,,"Castro Tovar, Torres and Baena, 2012", 86863032,Alphitophagus obtusangulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Alphitophagus,obtusangulus,,,,,"J. Müller, 1904", 86863040,Alphitophagus xaxarsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Alphitophagus,xaxarsi,,,,,"(Reitter, 1914)", 86863145,Coelometopus clypeatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Coelometopus,clypeatus,,,,,"(Germar, 1813)", 86863159,Coelometopus cobosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Coelometopus,cobosi,,,,,"Español, 1964", 86863349,Corticeus vanmeeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Corticeus,vanmeeri,,,,,"F. Soldati & L. Soldati, 2014", 86863400,Hymenalia elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Hymenalia,elongata,,,,,"Pic, 1925", 86863416,Hymenalia obscuriceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Hymenalia,obscuriceps,,,,,"Pic, 1925", 86883562,Isomira antennata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Isomira,antennata,,,,,"(Panzer, 1798)", 86883574,Isomira hypocrita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Isomira,hypocrita,,,,,"Mulsant, 1856", 86883612,Isomira testacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Isomira,testacea,,,,,"Seidlitz, 1896", 86883960,Mycetochara flavicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,flavicornis,,,,,"(Miller, 1883)", 86884024,Mycetochara jonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,jonica,,,,,"(Obenberger, 1916)", 86884117,Mycetochara myrmecophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,myrmecophila,,,,,"(Obenberger, 1916)", 86884125,Mycetochara netolitzkyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,netolitzkyi,,,,,"Penecke, 1912","As this species is only known from the holotype, taxonomical work is required to confirm the status of this species." 86884413,Pelleas crotchii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Pelleas,crotchii,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1865)", 86884620,Pentaphyllus reibnitzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Pentaphyllus,reibnitzi,,,,,"Schawaller & Merkl, 2012", 86884804,Prionychus striatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Prionychus,striatipennis,,,,,"Pic, 1909", 22681127,Dendrocopos syriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,syriacus,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1833)", 22681124,Dendrocopos major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,major,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22705038,Lanius minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,minor,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788", 87329104,Corticeus fusciventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Corticeus,fusciventris,,,,,"Reitter, 1884", 87329111,Corticeus krueperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Corticeus,krueperi,,,,,"(Obenberger, 1922)","Corticeus krueperi is only known by the type specimen and recorded only from Greece, without any locality (Obenberger 1922). It has not been recorded since and the type specimen hasn't been examined. This species could be a synonym of another European Corticeus species or could correspond to a foreign species due to mislabelling." 87329140,Corticeus rufithorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Corticeus,rufithorax,,,,,"Pic, 1903","Corticeus rufithorax is probably a very rare Mediterranean form of Corticeus linearis. Described from Greece, without precision, the species has been recorded in the Balearic Islands. Among specimens of C. linearis living on Pinus halepensis collected in the French Mediterranean  and in Spain, some specimens could correspond to Corticeus rufithorax, and there seem to be intermediate specimens between both taxa in Spain (Espanol 1967). 

In spite of this, C. rufithorax Pic, 1903 has not been officially put in synonymy with C. linearis, including type examination and is considered as a valid species in Löbl et al. (2008), and we retain C. rufithorax as a valid species (F. Soldati, pers. comm. 2015)." 87329230,Corticeus versipellis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Corticeus,versipellis,,,,,"(Baudi, 1876)", 87329384,Hymenalia zoufali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Hymenalia,zoufali,,,,,"Mařan, 1935", 87329419,Mycetochara cretica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,cretica,,,,,"Mařan, 1954", 87329433,Mycetochara nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,nigripes,,,,,"Petri, 1926", 65077950,Bagrus degeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,degeni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","According to Greenwood (1966), Bagrus degeni is identical to B. docmak (Forsskåll, 1775) (see also Seegers et al. 2003)." 22705775,Perisoreus infaustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Perisoreus,infaustus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103727252,Nucifraga caryocatactes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Nucifraga,caryocatactes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Nucifraga caryocatactes, N. hemispila and N. multipunctata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. caryocatactes following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705916,Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Pyrrhocorax,pyrrhocorax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22705921,Pyrrhocorax graculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Pyrrhocorax,graculus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22708146,Bombycilla garrulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BOMBYCILLIDAE,Bombycilla,garrulus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 87411473,Coendou baturitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,baturitensis,,,,,"Feijó & Langguth, 2013","This species was discovered in 2013 (Fiejo et al. 2013). Although, there appears to be some taxonomic debate as this species is listed as synonymous with C. prehensilis due to lack of sequence data (Voss 2013)." 54727,Ingerophrynus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,parvus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)",This species may be a species complex and further taxonomic work is required (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop January 2018). 58332,Limnonectes doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,doriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","This species is a morphologically very indistinct member of the Limnonectes macrognathus group, characterized mainly by the absence of derived characters, and thus it is easily confused with juveniles or females of other L. macrognathus-type taxa." 22711750,Poecile cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,cinctus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",Poecile cinctus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus cinctus. 22711810,Lophophanes cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Lophophanes,cristatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

Lophophanes cristatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus cristatus.

22735990,Parus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Parus,major,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22735985,Cyanistes cyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Cyanistes,cyanus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)",Cyanistes cyanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus cyanus. 136002,Theloderma ryabovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,ryabovi,,,,,"Orlov, Dutta, Ghate & Kent, 2006", 61886,Theloderma petilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,petilum,,,,,"(Stuart & Heatwole, 2004)", 103871923,Aegithalos caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,caudatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Aegithalos caudatus and A. glaucogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. caudatus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 59033,Theloderma corticale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,corticale,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 22717285,Melanocorypha calandra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Melanocorypha,calandra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 87491157,Sylvilagus gabbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,gabbi,,,,,Allen 1877 ,"Previously this was assessed as the subspecies S. brasiliensis gabbi. It has now been raised to species level.

Sylvilagus gabbi, along with its putatively subordinate taxon truei, were among the many subspecies synonymized under S. brasiliensis. The former two were recently removed from synonomy with brasiliensis, with truei becoming a subspecies of S. gabbi (Ruedas and Salazar-Bravo 2007). Currently, Gabb’s Cottontail is hypothesized to be constituted by six subspecies: S. gabbi gabbi, S. g. truei, S. g. consobrinus, S. g. messorius, S. g. tumacus, S. g. incitatus, however, the validity of some of these taxa remains in question; the taxonomy of S. gabbi is therefore unstable at the present time, until such a time as the identity of these taxa is resolved (Ruedas 2018)." 47944419,Esymus fumigatulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Esymus,fumigatulus,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943568,Accrosus carpetanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Accrosus,carpetanus,,,,,"(Graëlls, 1847)","The first edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III (Löbl and Smetana 2006) considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47943662,Ammoecius frigidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ammoecius,frigidus,,,,,"(Brisout de Barneville, 1866)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944248,Neagolius heydeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Neagolius,heydeni,,,,,"(Harold, 1871)","The current edition of the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Volume III considers all the genus-group names of Aphodiinae (Dellacasa and Dellacasa 2006) at subgenus rank. In the next edition of the Catalogue in prep., all the subgenera will be raised to genus rank (M. Dellacasa and S. Ziani pers. comm. 2014)." 47944232,Melinopterus tingens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Melinopterus,tingens,,,,,"(Reitter, 1892)", 58344,Limnonectes khammonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,khammonensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1929)",This species is stated to be similar to Limnonectes macrodon (Bourret 1942). 41238,Limnonectes kohchangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,kohchangae,,,,,"(Smith, 1922)",We follow Ohler et al. (2002) in treating Limnonectes poilani as a species distinct from L. kohchangae. 163543,Agriocnemis dobsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,dobsoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1954", 50959554,Anax georgius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,georgius,,,,,"Selys, 1872", 167343,Argiocnemis rubescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argiocnemis,rubescens,,,,,"Selys, 1877","A number of taxa, originally described as separate species, are generally treated as subspecies or junior synonyms of A. rubescens, for instance: A.intermedia Selys, 1877, A. lunulata Selys, 1877, A. nigricans Selys, 1877, A. obscura Laidlaw, 1914, A. rubeola Selys, 1877. It is likely that some of the subspecies and supposed junior synonyms will ultimately prove to be distinct species." 163567,Austroargiolestes brookhousei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,brookhousei,,,,,"Theischinger & O'Farrell, 1986",This species was described as a new species by Theischinger and O’Farrell (1986) from material previously placed under Austroargiolestes alpinus (Tillyard) by Fraser (1960). 167369,Diplacodes nebulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,nebulosa,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 163532,Dromaeschna forcipata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Dromaeschna,forcipata,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1907)",Dromoaeschna forcipata was previously placed in Austroaeschna. 163558,Griseargiolestes bucki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Griseargiolestes,bucki,,,,,"Theischinger, 1998", 163549,Hemicordulia koomina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,koomina,,,,,"Watson, 1969", 163828,Huonia melvillensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,melvillensis,,,,,"Brown & Theischinger, 1998", 163538,Indolestes alleni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,alleni,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 163545,Macromia viridescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,viridescens,,,,,"Tillyard, 1911","Macromia amymone Lieftinck, 1952, described from New Guinea (Lieftinck 1952) is now considered a junior synonym of Macromia viridescens (Moulds 1979)." 163540,Nannophya occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophya,occidentalis,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1908)", 163525,Nososticta kalumburu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,kalumburu,,,,,"Watson & Theischinger, 1984", 163556,Nososticta koolpinyah,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,koolpinyah,,,,,"Watson & Theischinger, 1984", 163583,Nososticta pilbara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,pilbara,,,,,"Watson, 1969",Nososticta pilbara was originally described as a subspecies of N. solida in Watson (1969) and later elevated to a full species in Watson (1974). 163903,Orthetrum balteatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,balteatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 163555,Petalura litorea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Petalura,litorea,,,,,"Theischinger, 1999","The species was recognized and described by Theischinger (1999), from material attributed to Petalura gigantea." 16712,Petalura pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Petalura,pulcherrima,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913","The status of Petalura pulcherrima as a species distinct from P. ingentissima Tillyard has been questioned; for instance see Theischinger and Endersby (2009: 249-250). To-date molecular studies (e.g. Ware et al. 2014) have, if anything, made the situation less clear and it is difficult to determine whether many specimens are best treated as P. pulcherrima, P. ingentissima or even as some other as-yet-unnamed species." 167281,Potamarcha congener,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Potamarcha,congener,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 163571,Procordulia affinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,affinis,,,,,"(Sélys, 1871)", 163880,Rhyothemis princeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,princeps,,,,,"Kirby, 1894","Two subspecies of Rhyothemis princeps have been recognised, the nominate subspecies is known from Australia, with a few records from the south of New Guinea. Rhyothemis princeps irene is known only from New Guinea. Additionally there are some records where the subspecies, or even species, is not clear. Kaize and Kalkman (2011) list R. princeps from Vriendschap is Asmat district in south Papua, Indonesia; presumably this record refers to R. p. princeps since that subspecies was already recorded from Asmat, but this is not stated. Kaize and Kalkman (2009) recorded R. princeps/R. regia from other locations in southern Papua; I do not know to which species these records actually refer." 163539,Synthemiopsis gomphomacromioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemiopsis,gomphomacromioides,,,,,"Tillyard, 1917", 167460,Tetrathemis irregularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,irregularis,,,,,"Brauer, 1868","A number of subspecies of Tetrathemis irregularis are recognised. The nominate subspecies occurs in the Philippines and Sulawesi, T. i. cladophila Tillyard, 1908 occurs in Queensland and has been recorded in the Aru Islands, T. i. dives Ris, 1913 and T. i. papuensis Lieftinck, 1942 occur in New Guinea and T. irregularis hyalina Kirby 1889 occurs in Sundaland and mainland Asia. T.i. dives has also been recorded in the Torres Straits Islands between New Guinea and Australia (but politically part of Australia). Gassmann & Richards 2011 recorded T. i. ?irregularis from East New Britain, it seems unlikely that T. i. irregularis is actually present in the Bismarck Islands, but it is not known which, if any, of the recognised subspecies that this record actually refers to.
Of the subspecies, T. i. hyalina is almost certainly a separate species, but it has not yet been formally separated from T. irregularis so they are treated together here. Some or all of the others may actually be separate species as well." 164765,Eirenis coronelloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,coronelloides,,,,,"Sivan & Werner, 2003", 61515,Iberolacerta horvathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iberolacerta,horvathi,,,,,"(Méhely, 1904)","This species was formerly included in the genus Lacerta, but is now included in Iberolacerta, following Carranza et al. (2004), and based on evidence from Arribas (1998, 1999), Carranza et al. (2004), Harris et al. (1998) and Mayer and Arribas (2003)." 87531053,Gynacantha kirbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,kirbyi,,,,,"Krüger, 1898", 87531118,Gynacantha mocsaryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,mocsaryi,,,,,"Förster, 1898", 87531371,Archiargiolestes parvulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Archiargiolestes,parvulus,,,,,"(Watson, 1977)", 87531486,Austroargiolestes alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,alpinus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 87531616,Austroargiolestes amabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,amabilis,,,,,"(Förster, 1899)", 87531801,Austroargiolestes aureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,aureus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1906)", 87531875,Austroargiolestes christine,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,christine,,,,,"Theischinger & O'Farrell, 1986", 87531892,Austroargiolestes chrysoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,chrysoides,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 87531963,Austroargiolestes elke,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,elke,,,,,"Theischinger & O'Farrell, 1986", 87531977,Austroargiolestes icteromelas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,icteromelas,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)","

Austroargiolestes icteromelas is considered to fall into two subspecies, A. i. icteromelas from the southern part of the species range, and A. i. nigrolabiatus from the northern part.

" 87532124,Austroargiolestes isabellae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Austroargiolestes,isabellae,,,,,"Theischinger & O'Farrell, 1986", 87532245,Griseargiolestes albescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Griseargiolestes,albescens,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)","This species was described as Argiolestes griseus albescens Tillyard, 1913" 87532439,Griseargiolestes eboracus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Griseargiolestes,eboracus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)","This species was described as Argiolestes griseus eboracus Tillyard, 1913" 87532507,Griseargiolestes fontanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Griseargiolestes,fontanus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 87532549,Griseargiolestes griseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Griseargiolestes,griseus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1862)", 87532571,Griseargiolestes intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Griseargiolestes,intermedius,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)","This species was described as Argiolestes griseus intermedius Tillyard, 1913." 87532663,Griseargiolestes metallicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Griseargiolestes,metallicus,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1917)", 87532887,Miniargiolestes minimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Miniargiolestes,minimus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1908)", 87533167,Agriocnemis argentea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,argentea,,,,,"Tillyard, 1906", 87533171,Agriocnemis rubricauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,rubricauda,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913", 87533178,Agriocnemis thoracalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,thoracalis,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1917",Agriocnemis thoracalis was described from a single imperfect specimen and it is not known if it is the same as some other species described before or since. 87533313,Archibasis mimetes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,mimetes,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 87533424,Austrocnemis maccullochi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austrocnemis,maccullochi,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1926)", 87533465,Ischnura pruinescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,pruinescens,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1906)", 87533472,Hemicordulia flava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,flava,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1991", 87533785,Hemicordulia kalliste,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,kalliste,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1991", 87533811,Hemicordulia novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)","

Hemicordulia novaehollandiae was inadequately described from a specimen from “Nouvelle-Hollande” said to be in the Museum of St. Petersburg, and never subsequently examined or interpreted. Tillyard (1911: 371) stated that “nothing certain can be gathered about this species (unless, indeed, as seems very probable, H. continentalis Martin, is synonymous with it)”.

" 87533825,Hemicordulia superba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,superba,,,,,"Tillyard, 1911", 87533835,Pentathemis membranulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Pentathemis,membranulata,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 87534133,Austrolestes annulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,annulosus,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 87534158,Austrolestes aridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,aridus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1908)", 87534172,Austrolestes cingulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,cingulatus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 87534211,Austrolestes io,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,io,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 87534235,Austrolestes psyche,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,psyche,,,,,"(Hagen, 1862)", 87534415,Indolestes obiri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,obiri,,,,,"Watson, 1979", 87534435,Indolestes tenuissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,tenuissimus,,,,,"Tillyard, 1906", 87534464,Lestoidea barbarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Lestoidea,barbarae,,,,,"Watson, 1967", 87534518,Lestoidea brevicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Lestoidea,brevicauda,,,,,"Theischinger, 1996", 87534534,Lestoidea conjuncta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Lestoidea,conjuncta,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913", 87534544,Lestoidea lewisiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTOIDEIDAE,Lestoidea,lewisiana,,,,,"Theischinger, 1996", 87534560,Austrolestes leda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Austrolestes,leda,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 87534595,Aethriamanta circumsignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethriamanta,circumsignata,,,,,"Selys, 1897", 87534622,Aethriamanta nymphaeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethriamanta,nymphaeae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 87534700,Diplacodes melanopsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,melanopsis,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 87534841,Nannophlebia eludens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,eludens,,,,,"Tillyard, 1908", 87534887,Nannophlebia injibandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,injibandi,,,,,"Watson, 1969", 87534981,Nannophlebia mudginberri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,mudginberri,,,,,"Watson & Theischinger, 1991", 87534993,Nannophya australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophya,australis,,,,,"Brauer, 1865", 87534997,Nannophya paulsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophya,paulsoni,,,,,"Theischinger, 2003", 87535085,Notolibellula bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Notolibellula,bicolor,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1977", 87535148,Orthetrum boumiera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,boumiera,,,,,"Watson & Arthington, 1978", 87535165,Raphismia bispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Raphismia,bispina,,,,,"(Hagen, 1867)", 87535206,Rhyothemis braganza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,braganza,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 87535217,Rhyothemis resplendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,resplendens,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 87535281,Tramea stenoloba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,stenoloba,,,,,"(Watson, 1962)", 87535319,Urothemis aliena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,aliena,,,,,"Selys, 1878","

In older literature Urothemis aliena is often referred to as a subspecies of U. signata (Rambur, 1842).

" 87535402,Zyxomma elgneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zyxomma,elgneri,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 87535424,Macromia tillyardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,tillyardi,,,,,"Martin, 1906", 87536212,Petalura gigantea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Petalura,gigantea,,,,,"Leach, 1815", 87536237,Petalura hesperia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Petalura,hesperia,,,,,"Watson, 1958", 87536260,Petalura ingentissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PETALURIDAE,Petalura,ingentissima,,,,,"Tillyard, 1908", 87536357,Nososticta baroalba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,baroalba,,,,,"Watson & Theischinger, 1983", 87536365,Nososticta fraterna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,fraterna,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1933)", 87536392,Nososticta koongarra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,koongarra,,,,,"Watson & Theischinger, 1984", 87536400,Nososticta liveringa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,liveringa,,,,,"Watson & Theischinger, 1984", 87536431,Nososticta solida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,solida,,,,,"(Hagen, 1860)", 87536571,Nososticta taracumbi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,taracumbi,,,,,"Watson & Theischinger, 1984", 87536627,Chorismagrion risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Chorismagrion,risi,,,,,"Morton, 1914", 87536930,Episynlestes albicaudus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Episynlestes,albicaudus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 87537398,Episynlestes cristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Episynlestes,cristatus,,,,,"Watson & Moulds, 1977", 87537484,Synlestes selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Synlestes,selysi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1917", 87537497,Synlestes tropicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Synlestes,tropicus,,,,,"Tillyard, 1917", 87537502,Synlestes weyersii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Synlestes,weyersii,,,,,"Selys, 1868","Two subspecies have been recognised, aside from the nominate one: Synlestes w. nigrescens Tillyard, 1917 and S. w. tillyardi Fraser, 1948." 87537541,Austrosynthemis cyanitincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Austrosynthemis,cyanitincta,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1908)", 87538487,Choristhemis flavoterminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Choristhemis,flavoterminata,,,,,"(Martin, 1901)", 87538495,Choristhemis olivei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Choristhemis,olivei,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1909)", 87538532,Eusynthemis barbarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,barbarae,,,,,"(Moulds, 1985)", 87538592,Eusynthemis brevistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,brevistyla,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)","A subspecies (Eusynthemis brevistyla subjuncta) Tillyard, 1913 is recognized by some authorities." 87538648,Eusynthemis deniseae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,deniseae,,,,,"Theischinger, 1977", 87538652,Eusynthemis guttata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,guttata,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)","Tillyard (1913) described a subspecies Eusynthemis guttata aurolineata Tillyard, 1913, this is now recognized as a full species E. aurolineata." 87538676,Eusynthemis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,nigra,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1906)", 87539229,Eusynthemis rentziana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,rentziana,,,,,"Theischinger, 1998", 87539664,Eusynthemis tenera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,tenera,,,,,"Theischinger, 1995", 87539676,Eusynthemis ursa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,ursa,,,,,"Theischinger, 1999", 87539692,Eusynthemis virgula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,virgula,,,,,"(Selys, 1874)", 87539751,Pseudocordulia elliptica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Pseudocordulia,elliptica,,,,,"Tillyard, 1913", 87539768,Synthemis eustalacta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,eustalacta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)",Doubts about the identity of material from South Australia and from the Grampians in Victoria previously considered to be S. eustalacta have been raised and need further investigation (G. Thesischinger pers. comm). 87539851,Synthemis tasmanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,tasmanica,,,,,"Tillyard, 1910", 87539873,Tonyosynthemis claviculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Tonyosynthemis,claviculata,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1909)", 87539893,Tonyosynthemis ofarrelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Tonyosynthemis,ofarrelli,,,,,"(Theischinger & Watson, 1986)", 87517463,Allenbatrachus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Allenbatrachus,meridionalis,,,,,"Greenfield & Smith, 2004", 54511,Atelopus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,flavescens,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1841",Atelopus spumarius barbotini has been suggested to represent a junior synonym of this species (Kok 2000). Lötters et al. (2011) suggested that Atelopus barbotini may be a synonym of A. flavescens. Potential records in Brazil could be confused with Atelopus franciscus (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021). 22714684,Locustella luscinioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,luscinioides,,,,,"(Savi, 1824)", 134480,Hydrothelphusa madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Hydrothelphusa,madagascariensis,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1887",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134748,Boreathelphusa uglowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Boreathelphusa,uglowi,,,,,"(Cumberlidge & Sternberg, 2002)","This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007).

This species was originally described as Boreas uglowi Cumberlidge & Sternberg, 2002. However, this genus name proved to be occupied, so the taxon was given the replacement name of Boreathelphusa uglowi (Cumberlidge & Sternberg, 2002) by Cumberlidge (2010)." 134652,Hydrothelphusa bombetokensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Hydrothelphusa,bombetokensis,,,,,"Rathbun, 1904",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134142,Malagasya goodmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Malagasya,goodmani,,,,,"(Cumberlidge, Boyko & Harvey, 2002)",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134228,Foza raimundi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Foza,raimundi,,,,,"Reed & Cumberlidge, 2006",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134364,Malagasya antongilensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Malagasya,antongilensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134972,Marojejy longimerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Marojejy,longimerus,,,,,"Cumberlidge, Boyko & Harvey, 2002",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134145,Skelosophusa eumeces,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Skelosophusa,eumeces,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1994",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134798,Hydrothelphusa vencesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Hydrothelphusa,vencesi,,,,,"Cumberlidge, Marijnissen & Thompson, 2007",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134826,Madagapotamon humberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Madagapotamon,humberti,,,,,"Bott, 1965",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Hydrothelphusinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134316,Foza goudoti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Foza,goudoti,,,,,"(H. Milne-Edwards, 1853)","This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007).

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Hydrothelphusa goudoti H. Milne-Edwards, 1853. It is now valid in the genus Foza (Cumberlidge and Meyer 2009)." 134177,Skelosophusa prolixa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Skelosophusa,prolixa,,,,,"Ng & Takeda, 1994",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134762,Skelosophusa gollardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Skelosophusa,gollardi,,,,,"(Bott, 1965)",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 134253,Hydrothelphusa agilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Hydrothelphusa,agilis,,,,,"A. Milne-Edwards, 1887",This genus was recently transferred to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Hydrothelphusini by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). 22714700,Acrocephalus schoenobaenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,schoenobaenus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 87585390,Amphioctopus arenicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,arenicola,,,,,"Huffard & Hochberg, 2005","Type locality: Northeastern Pacifc Ocean, Hawaiian Islands Archipelago, O’ahu Island, Honolulu, between Black Point and Kahala Mandarin Oriental Hotel, 21º15.49’N, 157º46.34’W (Huffard and Hochberg 2005)." 87585409,Amphioctopus membranaceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Amphioctopus,membranaceus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)","

This little-known taxon is the type species for the genus Amphioctopus (Jereb et al. 2014), however it is poorly diagnosed, so that additional material and full description of this taxon are required.

Type locality: New Guinea (= West Papua), Port Dorey.

" 87585433,Cistopus chinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Cistopus,chinensis,,,,,"X.D. Zheng, X.Z. Lin, C.C. Lu & R.J. Ma, 2012","

Type locality: Xiamen, 24º31’N, 118º03’E.

Like Cistopus taiwanicus, this species has been misidentified as Cistopus indicus (Jereb et al. 2014).

" 87585453,Cistopus taiwanicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Cistopus,taiwanicus,,,,,"J.X. Liao & C.C. Lu, 2009","

Type locality: Taiwan, Miaoli (Liao and Lu 2009).

Like Cistopus chinensis, this species has been misidentified as Cistopus indicus (Jereb et al. 2014).

" 87585478,Histoctopus discus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Histoctopus,discus,,,,,"Norman, Boucher-Rodoni & Hochberg, 2009","Type locality: South of New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, Sponge Bank (Norman et al. 2009)." 87585499,Histoctopus zipkasae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Histoctopus,zipkasae,,,,,"Norman, Boucher-Rodoni & Hochberg, 2009","Type locality: Australia, Western Australia, North West Shelf, 18° 44’S 117° 00’E (Norman et al. 2009)." 87585522,Thaumoctopus mimicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Thaumoctopus,mimicus,,,,,"Norman & Hochberg, 2005","Type locality: New Caledonia, lagoon off north tip of island, 19°49’S, 163°48’E (Norman and Hochberg 2005)." 87585545,Wunderpus photogenicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OCTOPODIDAE,Wunderpus,photogenicus,,,,,"Hochberg, Norman & Finn, 2006","Type locality: Indonesia, Bali (Hochberg et al. 2006).

This species is sometimes confused with the mimic octopus Thaumoctopus mimicus which co-occurs in similar habitats." 87585565,Muusoctopus johnsonianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,ENTEROCTOPODIDAE,Muusoctopus,johnsonianus,,,,,"(Allcock, Strugnell, Ruggiero & Collins, 2006)","Gleadall (2004) erected Muusoctopus for Benthoctopus januarii (Hoyle 1885) on the grounds that Benthoctopus was no longer valid because the type species has been recognised as a Bathypolypus. We have placed all species previously assigned to Benthoctopus in Muusoctopus since preliminary genetic data provide no evidence that this group is polyphyletic (as has been previously suggested).

Type locality: Northeast Atlantic Ocean, southern boundary of Porcupine Seabight, 49º27’N, 13º21’W (Allcock et al. 2006).

Specimens identified as Benthoctopus piscatorum in Collins et al. (2001) were found by Allcock et al. (2006) to be Benthoctopus johnsoniana." 169374,Fundulus persimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,persimilis,,,,,"Miller, 1955", 22714904,Hippolais languida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Hippolais,languida,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1833)", 22714908,Hippolais olivetorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Hippolais,olivetorum,,,,,"(Strickland, 1837)", 15522042,Ilisha africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,africana,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)", 87632912,Incilius aurarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,aurarius,,,,,"Mendelson, Mulcahy, Snell, Acevedo & Campbell, 2012",This species was split from Incilius valliceps and Incilius macrocristatus (Mendelson III et al. 2012). 87633095,Thorius maxillabrochus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,maxillabrochus,,,,,"Gehlbach, 1959","This is a split from the broader concept of Thorius schmidti (Rovito et al. 2013) where it had been placed by Hanken and Wake (1998)." 22715240,Phylloscopus trochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,trochilus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 76317591,Pyxicephalus edulis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Pyxicephalus,edulis,,,,,"Peters, 1854",This is a restricted concept of P. edulis following the split of the broader concept into this and P. angusticeps (Scott et al. 2013). 22729528,Phylloscopus canariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,canariensis,,,,,"(Hartwig, 1886)", 22715255,Phylloscopus bonelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,bonelli,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)","

Phylloscopus bonelli and P. orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. bonelli following Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22715260,Phylloscopus sibilatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,sibilatrix,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1793)", 103845882,Phylloscopus borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,borealis,,,,,"(Blasius, 1858)","

Phylloscopus borealis, P. examinandus and P. xanthodryas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. borealis following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Christidis and Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 76317600,Leptopelis grandiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,grandiceps,,,,,"Ahl, 1929",Leptopelis grandiceps was resurrected from the synonymy of L. uluguruensis and L. usambarae was transferred from the synonymy of L. uluguruensis to the synonymy L. grandiceps by Gvoždík et al. (2014). It is likely to represent multiple species (S. Loader pers. comm. December 2015). 22716901,Sylvia atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Sylvia,atricapilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 6926,Lycalopex vetulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Lycalopex,vetulus,,,,,"Lund, 1842","Several recent molecular studies have provided support for a monophyletic assemblage of South American endemic canids (Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005, Perini et al. 2010), with Chrysocyon and Speothos forming a sister-clade to the monophyletic South American foxes and Atelocynus. On the basis of morphology, Zunino et al. (1995) reviewed previous work and also supported clustering species within the two previous paraphyletic genera (Pseudalopex, Lycalopex) into a single monophyletic genus. They further argued that Lycalopex had priority over Pseudalopex, subsequently also supported by Zrzavý and Řičánkova (2004). This raises the question of whether Dusicyon would have been a more appropriate name, since Perini et al. (2010) reported a close relationship between L. culpaeus and Dusicyon. However, we now know that Dusicyon is far outside this clade (Slater et al. 2009, Austin et al. 2013). Based on this evidence, the genus Lycalopex is used over Pseudalopex for all South American foxes, following Wozencraft's (2005) earlier treatment." 22716937,Curruca nisoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,nisoria,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1795)",Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Geographical variation slight and mostly clinal; subspecies merzbacheri intergrades widely with nominate in region of Urals and elsewhere. Two subspecies recognized. 87733649,Leptopelis flavomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,flavomaculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 87734849,Oreobates berdemenos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,berdemenos,,,,,"Pereyra, Cardozo, Baldo & Baldo, 2014", 58490,Ptychadena anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,anchietae,,,,,"(Bocage, 1868)", 87738595,Pristimantis omeviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,omeviridis,,,,,"Ortega-Andrade, Rojas-Soto, Valencia, Espinosa de los Monteros, Morrone, Ron & Cannatella, 2015",This species was removed from the synonymy of Pristimantis acuminatus by Ortega-Andrade et al. (2015). 87738643,Pristimantis enigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,enigmaticus,,,,,"Ortega-Andrade, Rojas-Soto, Valencia, Espinosa de los Monteros, Morrone, Ron & Cannatella, 2015","This species was removed from the synonymy of Pristimantis acuminatus by Ortega-Andrade et al. (2015)." 87739041,Chiropterotriton cieloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,cieloensis,,,,,"Rovito & Parra-Olea, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Chiropterotriton multidentatus (Rovito and Parra-Olea 2015). 87739176,Chiropterotriton infernalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,infernalis,,,,,"Rovito & Parra-Olea, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Chiropterotriton multidentatus (Rovito and Parra-Olea 2015). 88137061,Theloderma stellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,stellatum,,,,,"Taylor, 1962","New concept as a result of splitting out Theloderma vietnamense Poyarkov, Orlov, Moiseeva, Pawangkhanant, Ruangsuwan, Vassilieva, Galoyan, Nguyen, and Gogoleva, 2015." 22716971,Curruca mystacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,mystacea,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1832)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Geographical variation at least partly clinal; nominate subspecies grades into turcmenica in N Iran, but evidence for intergradation otherwise scant or not conclusive. Three subspecies recognized." 22735017,Curruca sarda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,sarda,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly included C. balearica as a subspecies (Cramp et al. 1977-1994, Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993); see that species. Monotypic.

 

" 22716776,Panurus biarmicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PANURIDAE,Panurus,biarmicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22735002,Regulus ignicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REGULIDAE,Regulus,ignicapilla,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22734358,Regulus madeirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REGULIDAE,Regulus,madeirensis,,,,,"Harcourt, 1851", 77318469,Andinobates geminisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,geminisae,,,,,"Batista, Jaramillo, Ponce & Crawford, 2014", 22711211,Sitta tephronota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,tephronota,,,,,"Sharpe, 1872", 22711249,Certhia brachydactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,brachydactyla,,,,,"Brehm, 1820", 22710881,Pastor roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Pastor,roseus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

Pastor roseus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus roseus.

22710893,Sturnus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sturnus,unicolor,,,,,"Temminck, 1820", 58130,Phrynobatrachus pakenhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,pakenhami,,,,,"Loveridge, 1941","It has been suggested that this species is a synonym of Phrynobatrachus acridoides, but recent surveys indicate that it differs both in vocalizations and ecology (M. Pickersgill pers. comm.). Phrynobatrachus nigripes, described by Pickersgill (2007), is in fact a synonym of this species (M. Pickersgill pers. comm.)." 77345748,Bolitoglossa chucantiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,chucantiensis,,,,,"Batista, Köhler, Mebert & Vesely, 2014", 77347251,Bolitoglossa jugivagans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,jugivagans,,,,,"Hertz, Lotzkat & Köhler, 2013", 54579,Phrynoidis asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Phrynoidis,asper,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)", 103888106,Turdus merula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,merula,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Turdus merula, T. simillimus, T. maximus and T. mandarinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. merula following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Christidis and Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), and Turbott (1990).

 

" 22708816,Turdus pilaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,pilaris,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22708829,Turdus viscivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,viscivorus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22709691,Luscinia luscinia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Luscinia,luscinia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22709701,Calliope calliope,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Calliope,calliope,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","

Calliope calliope (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 48103132,Rhacophorus calcaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,calcaneus,,,,,"Smith, 1924","In the Rhacophorus calcaneus group of Orlov et al. (2012), who noted extensive confusion with Rhacophorus robertingeri in the literature and who discussed previous confusion in the range." 105294257,Tarsiger cyanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tarsiger,cyanurus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","

Tarsiger cyanurus and T. rufilatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cyanurus following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22709758,Irania gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Irania,gutturalis,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)", 22710156,Saxicola rubetra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,rubetra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22710308,Oenanthe pleschanka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,pleschanka,,,,,"(Lepechin, 1770)", 22710333,Oenanthe isabellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,isabellina,,,,,"(Temminck, 1829)", 22708286,Monticola solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,solitarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 87948094,Ochotona mantchurica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,mantchurica,,,,,"Thomas, 1909","This species is within subgenus Pika. Ochotona mantchurica consists of three subspecies: O. m. mantchurica, O. m. loukashkini, and O. m. scorodumovi. The independence of this taxon was only recently recognized, and previously some parts of its distribution were included in O. hyperborea, and others in O. alpina (reflecting the tradition of confusion of these forms). It was originally described as a subspecies of O. hyperborea, while the form scorodumovi from Russian Transbaikalia was aligned with O. alpina. Populations in China from the Lesser Khingan Range (loukashkini) have been referred to as O. alpina cinerofusca. New data solidify the independence of O. manchurica south of the Amur River, while the closely-related hyperborea is found only north of the Amur. Additional systematic confusion includes a large series of O. hyperborea collected in Mongolia, close to Ulaanbaatar, which were originally designated as mantchurica (and even used as a voucher series for mantchurica)." 87948175,Ochotona syrinx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,syrinx,,,,,"Thomas, 1911 ","Provisionally subgenus Ochotona, although evidence is accumulating that it may represent an isolated form within Ochotona, and perhaps be an independent subgenus. O. syrinx was originally described as an independent species, thought to be closely aligned with O. cansus. Subsequently the form appeared in several treatments as associated under O. cansus or O. thibetana. An attempt to revive it as an independent species used the species name O. huangensis, but that name is a senior synonym for the forms annectens and bedfordi, which are now associated based on solid morphological evidence with O. dauurica. Proper referral of these pikas to the original name, O. syrinx, based on the Law of Priority, was made recently (Lissovsky 2014). Much remains to be understood concerning the intraspecific variation among the several isolated forms of O. syrinx. The four isolated ranges could represent four subspecies, or even independent species." 136018,Amolops cucae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,cucae,,,,,"(Bain, Stuart & Orlov, 2006)",We follow Stuart (2008) in assigning this species to the genus Amolops. 136153,Amolops compotrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,compotrix,,,,,"(Bain, Stuart & Orlov, 2006)",This species has been assigned to the genus Amolops following Stuart (2008); in the Amolops monticola group of Stuart et al. (2010). 58659,Sylvirana maosonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,maosonensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 78496268,Ecnomiohyla bailarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,bailarina,,,,,"Batista, Hertz, Mebert, Köhler, Lotzkat, Ponce & Vesely, 2014", 87993365,Cynomops paranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cynomops,paranus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)","This species is distinct from Cynomops planirostris; see Williams and Genoways (1980), Barquez et al.(1993), and Simmons and Voss (1998). Recently, it was distinguished from C. milleri too (Eger 2008). Cynomops generally is regarded as either a monophyletic genus or, in some cases, a subgenus of Molossops. In the molecular analysis, species traditionally included within Molossops and Cynomops each comprised two well-supported monophyletic lineages. The data also support the recognition of Cynomops and Molossops as divergent lineages worthy of generic status. Species limits and phylogenetic relationships within Cynomops, however, remain unresolved (Peters et al. 2002)." 87993512,Cynomops milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Cynomops,milleri,,,,,"(Osgood, 1914)",Cynomops milleri was previously included within C. paranus. Now it is considered a distinct species. 87993523,Eumops wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,wilsoni,,,,,"Baker, McDonough, Swier, Larsen, Carrera & Ammerman, 2009", 87993965,Eumops delticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,delticus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1923)","This species was previously treated as a subspecies of E. bonariensis (see Simmons 2005, Eger 2008)." 87994060,Eumops nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,nanus,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)","It was previously treated as a subspecies of E. bonariensis (see Simmons 2005, Eger 2008)." 87994072,Eumops ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,ferox,,,,,"Gundlach, 1861","In previous Red List assessments, this species was included within Eumops glaucinus. McDonough et al. (2008) and Baker et al. (2009) provided support for the elevation to species of 2 taxa within E. glaucinus, E. ferox and E. wilsoni, using mitochondrial gene sequence, karyotypic, morphological, and amplified fragment length polymorphism data. Their analysis supported 3 distinctive clades within the E. glaucinus complex: E. glaucinus from Paraguay and Venezuela; E. ferox and E. floridanus from Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States; and a new species from Ecuador, E. wilsoni (Baker et al. 2009)." 73727195,Leptobrachella botsfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,botsfordi,,,,,"(Rowley, Dau & Nguyen, 2013)", 76491633,Oreolalax sterlingae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Oreolalax,sterlingae,,,,,"Nguyen, Phung, Le, Ziegler & Böhme, 2013", 87999248,Prionotropis willemsorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Prionotropis,willemsorum,,,,,"Massa & Ünal, 2015", 164664,Pseudocerastes urarachnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Pseudocerastes,urarachnoides,,,,,"Bostanchi, S. Anderson, Kami & Papenfuss, 2006", 117582065,Gazella arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Gazella,arabica,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1827)","The taxonomy of genus Gazella is complex and several different arrangements have been proposed, but several issues remain unresolved.

Gazella arabica was originally described from a single specimen: a skin and a skull obtained on the Farasan Islands off the coast of Saudi Arabia (or at least labelled as such). This became something of a mystery taxon and is different from the gazelles currently found there. Bärman et al. (2012) extracted DNA from the type specimen and showed that this was not a single specimen, assigning the skin to G. g. cora and the skull to gazelles of the northern type (G. g. gazella).

Wronski et al. (2010) showed that Gazella gazella, in fact, consists of two monophyletic lineages, a northern clade (represented by samples from the Golan Heights) and a southern clade (based on samples from the Arabian Peninsula including the southern Arava Valley), based on mtDNA markers. Lerp et al. (2012) produced similar conclusions using nuclear markers and including samples from Central Israel. A morphological and genetic study of genus Gazella (Bärmann et al. 2013), and a genetic study of gazelles in the southern Levant (Hadas et al. 2015) all further support the existence of two monophyletic lineages: a northern clade (Gazella gazella), and a southern clade (provisionally named G. arabica on the basis that this name takes precedence over cora).

This arrangement is now followed by the IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group, with G. gazella replacing G. g. gazella in the former arrangement, and the name G. arabica provisionally retained for the southern clade, pending a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). So G. arabica, as understood here, comprises all the gazelles formerly considered under G. gazella, from the southern Negev through the Arabian Peninsula.

Several subspecies have been named under G. gazella and have previously been evaluated for The IUCN Red List: acaciae; in the southern Arava Valley; cora in most of the Arabian Peninsula; farasani on the Farasan Islands; and muscatensis on the Batinah coast of Oman. Genetic research by scientists at King Khaled Wildlife Research Centre (Saudi Arabia) and Zoological Society of London (ZSL) has confirmed the existence of some intraspecific variation, but there is no agreement on the validity of these named subspecies and they are not assessed separately for the time being, until a definitive analysis has been produced. All of the above are included in G. arabica here.

The relationship between G. arabica (as here) and two other 'mystery' species, G. erlangeri and G. bilkis awaits confirmation." 88018392,Pteronotus mesoamericanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,mesoamericanus,,,,,"Smith, 1972",Previously Pteronotus mesoamericanus this was assessed as the subspecies Pteronotus parnellii ssp. mesoamericanus. It has now been raised to species level. 88018592,Pteronotus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)",Previously Pteronotus rubiginosus this was included as a subspecies Pteronotus parnellii. It has now been raised to species level. 88026448,Nothobranchius usanguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,usanguensis,,,,,"Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2013",

Populations of this species were regarded as N. aff. neumanni in Wildekamp (2004) before morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed it to be a distinct species and it was described as N. usanguensis by Wildekamp et al. in 2014.

22718307,Petronia petronia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Petronia,petronia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 88035265,Namkungia biryongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,GRYLLOBLATTODEA,GRYLLOBLATTIDAE,Namkungia,biryongensis,,,,,"(Namkung, 1974)","This species was originally identified from Jeongseon, Republic of Korea, under the name of Galloisiana biryongensis Namkung, 1974. It was later recombined as Namkungia biryongensis Storozhenko & Park, 2002." 22734959,Montifringilla henrici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Montifringilla,henrici,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1981)","

Montifringilla nivalis and M. henrici (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. nivalis following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 88035333,Namkungia magnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,GRYLLOBLATTODEA,GRYLLOBLATTIDAE,Namkungia,magnus,,,,,"(Namkung, 1986)","This species was originally identified from Jeongseon, Republic of Korea, under the name of Galloisiana magnus Namkung, 1986. It was later recombined as Namkungia magnus by Kim and Lee (2006)." 22718617,Prunella collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,collaris,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)", 22718644,Prunella atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,atrogularis,,,,,"(Brandt, 1844)", 88046398,Stictoleptura slamai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stictoleptura,slamai,,,,,"Sama, 2010","In 1985, Sláma described Brachyleptura martini from Crete. However, the name was preoccupied by Leptura semirufula var. martini (Pic, 1945) described from Madrid, and thereafter synonym of Stictoleptura trisignata (Fairmaire, 1852). So, when Brachyleptura was included in the new genus Stictoleptura, the species of Sláma was changed to S. slamai Sama, 2010." 57570,Leptobrachella nahangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,nahangensis,,,,,"(Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Cuc, 1998)", 158503,Pseudagrion cheliferum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,cheliferum,,,,,"Fraser, 1949",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158504,Ceriagrion nigrolineatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,nigrolineatum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 158499,Pseudagrion divaricatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,divaricatum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158500,Tatocnemis virginiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,virginiae,,,,,"Legrand, 1992",The genus Tatocnemis needs revision. 158498,Nesolestes tuberculicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,tuberculicollis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951",The genus Nesolestes needs revision. 158509,Zygonyx ranavalonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,ranavalonae,,,,,"Fraser, 1949",Madagascan species of the genus Zygonyx need revison. 158510,Orthetrum azureum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,azureum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 158507,Pseudagrion pontogenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,pontogenes,,,,,"Ris, 1915","The female of P. pontogenes is still undescribed. Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison." 158508,Gynacantha bispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,bispina,,,,,"Rambur, 1842",The taxonomic status of G. bispina needs to be resolved. 11930,Libellulosoma minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Libellulosoma,minuta,,,,,"Martin, 1906", 158505,Pseudagrion nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,nigripes,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158506,Proplatycnemis hova,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,hova,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)",This species was previously placed in the genus Platycnemis but it has now been moved to Proplatycnemis. 158515,Diplacodes exilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,exilis,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 158514,Coenagriocnemis rufipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagriocnemis,rufipes,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 158528,Viridithemis viridula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Viridithemis,viridula,,,,,"Fraser, 1960",The male of this species is unknown. 158527,Paracnemis secundaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Paracnemis,secundaris,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 158526,Nesolestes drocera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,drocera,,,,,"Fraser, 1951",The genus Nesolestes needs revision. 158525,Isomma elouardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Isomma,elouardi,,,,,"Legrand, 2003", 50959753,Anax mandrakae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,mandrakae,,,,,"Gauthier, 1988", 158524,Rhyothemis cognata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,cognata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 158523,Pseudagrion renaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,renaudi,,,,,"Fraser, 1953",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158521,Pseudagrion vakoanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,vakoanae,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158534,Ceriagrion madagazureum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,madagazureum,,,,,"Fraser, 1949",Only the male type specimen is known. 158536,Crocothemis striata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Crocothemis,striata,,,,,"Lohmann, 1981", 158531,Gynacantha hova,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,hova,,,,,"Fraser, 1956",Only the male type specimen is known. 158532,Zygonyx elisabethae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,elisabethae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963",Madagascan species of the genus Zygonyx need revison. 158486,Ceriagrion oblongulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,oblongulum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 158485,Neodythemis arnoulti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,arnoulti,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 158487,Hemistigma affine,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hemistigma,affine,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 158489,Thermorthemis madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Thermorthemis,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 158491,Anax tumorifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,tumorifer,,,,,"MacLachlan, 1885", 158494,Palpopleura vestita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Palpopleura,vestita,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 158496,Hemicordulia similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,similis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 60270,Proplatycnemis agrioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,agrioides,,,,,"(Ris, 1915)",This species was previously placed in the genus Platycnemis but it has now been moved to Proplatycnemis. 60276,Thalassothemis marchali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Thalassothemis,marchali,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 88069832,Coenagriocnemis ramburi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagriocnemis,ramburi,,,,,"Fraser, 1950", 88070001,Hemicordulia atrovirens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,atrovirens,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2007", 88070007,Ischnura vinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,vinsoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1949", 88070018,Leptocnemis cyanops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptocnemis,cyanops,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 88070125,Pseudagrion mohelii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,mohelii,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 88070173,Thermorthemis comorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Thermorthemis,comorensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1958", 88070291,Trithemis selika,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,selika,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 88070294,Zygonyx luctifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,luctifera,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 88087329,Molossus alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,alvarezi,,,,,"Gonzalez-Ruiz, Ramirez-Pulido & Arroyo-Cabrales, 2011", 88087507,Molossus bondae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Molossus,bondae,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1904",Molossus bondae previuously treated as synonym of M. currentium is now considered as a valid species (Eger 2008). 88087551,Promops davisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Promops,davisoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1921",Promops davisoni was previously treated as a synonym or subspecies of P. centralis until its revision by Gregorin and Chiquito (2010) who recognized it as a valid species. 88087646,Coenagriocnemis reuniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagriocnemis,reuniensis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1957)", 88087714,Gynacantha malgassica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,malgassica,,,,,"Fraser, 1962", 88087732,Gynacantha radama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,radama,,,,,"Fraser, 1956", 88088745,Chilonatalus macer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,NATALIDAE,Chilonatalus,macer,,,,,"Miller, 1914","The species was previously included Chilonatulus micropus, now it is considered a distinct species (Tejedor 2011)." 88087863,Nesolestes elizabethae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,elizabethae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 88090689,Paragomphus madegassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,madegassus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1890)", 88090016,Pseudagrion mellisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,mellisi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090003,Pseudagrion malgassicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,malgassicum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090213,Pseudagrion simile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,simile,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090268,Pseudagrion trigonale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,trigonale,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88087897,Nesolestes pulverulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,pulverulans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 88090527,Paragomphus fritillarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,fritillarius,,,,,"(Selys, 1892)", 88090242,Pseudagrion stuckenbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,stuckenbergi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1964", 88087801,Nesolestes albicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,albicolor,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 88090080,Pseudagrion olsufieffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,olsufieffi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090278,Pseudagrion ungulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,ungulatum,,,,,"Fraser, 1951", 88087829,Nesolestes angydna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,angydna,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88088294,Africallagma rubristigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,rubristigma,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)", 88090038,Pseudagrion merina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,merina,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090342,Nesocordulia flavicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Nesocordulia,flavicauda,,,,,"McLachlan, 1882", 88089858,Pseudagrion ambatoroae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,ambatoroae,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 88089862,Pseudagrion approximatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,approximatum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88089874,Pseudagrion chloroceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,chloroceps,,,,,"Fraser, 1953", 88089883,Pseudagrion dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,dispar,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090091,Pseudagrion pterauratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,pterauratum,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 88088637,Millotagrion inaequistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Millotagrion,inaequistigma,,,,,"Fraser, 1953", 88090381,Nesocordulia rubricauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Nesocordulia,rubricauda,,,,,"Martin, 1900", 88089850,Pseudagrion alcicorne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,alcicorne,,,,,"Förster, 1906", 88088487,Ischnura filosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,filosa,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88089925,Pseudagrion lucidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,lucidum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090760,Lestes pruinescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,pruinescens,,,,,"Martin, 1910", 88088469,Ceriagrion auritum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,auritum,,,,,"Fraser, 1951", 88090176,Pseudagrion punctum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,punctum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 88089929,Pseudagrion macrolucidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,macrolucidum,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 88090421,Onychogomphus aequistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,aequistylus,,,,,"Selys, 1892", 88088438,Azuragrion kauderni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Azuragrion,kauderni,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1917)", 88089897,Pseudagrion giganteum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,giganteum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88090734,Paragomphus z-viridum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,z-viridum,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 88090208,Pseudagrion seyrigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,seyrigi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88088423,Agriocnemis merina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,merina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 88090989,Archaeophlebia martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Archaeophlebia,martini,,,,,"(Selys, 1896)", 88091139,Malgassophlebia mayanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Malgassophlebia,mayanga,,,,,"(Ris, 1909)", 88091158,Malgassophlebia mediodentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Malgassophlebia,mediodentata,,,,,"Legrand, 2001", 88091163,Neodythemis hildebrandti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,hildebrandti,,,,,"Karsch, 1889", 88091175,Neodythemis pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,pauliani,,,,,"Fraser, 1952", 88091221,Neodythemis trinervulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,trinervulata,,,,,"(Martin, 1902)", 88091344,Orthetrum lemur,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,lemur,,,,,"Ris, 1909", 88091423,Trithemis persephone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,persephone,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 88091516,Zygonoides lachesis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonoides,lachesis,,,,,"(Ris, 1912)", 88091590,Zygonyx hova,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,hova,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 88091651,Zygonyx viridescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,viridescens,,,,,"(Martin, 1900)", 88091683,Phyllomacromia trifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Phyllomacromia,trifasciata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 88091697,Protolestes fickei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,fickei,,,,,"Förster, 1899", 88091701,Protolestes leonorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,leonorae,,,,,"Schmidt, 1949", 88091717,Protolestes milloti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,milloti,,,,,"Fraser, 1949", 88109381,Anoura aequatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,aequatoris,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1921)","Based on morphological and distributional differences between A. caudifer caudifer and A. c. aequatoris, Mantilla-Meluk and Baker (2006) elevated A. aequatoris to specific level." 88109476,Anoura cadenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,cadenai,,,,,"Mantilla-Meluk & Baker, 2006",Anoura cadenai is a new species split from A. caudifer (Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2006).
 88109497,Anoura peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,peruana,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","Based on the morphological distinction observed between A. g. peruana and A. g. geoffroyi, as well as the ecological differentiation of the areas inhabited by these two taxa, Mantilla-Meluk and Baker (2010) elevated A. peruana to specific level." 88109511,Anoura geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,geoffroyi,,,,,"Gray, 1838","Based on the morphological distinction observed between A. g. peruana and A. g. geoffroyi, as well as the ecological differentiation of the areas inhabited by these two taxa, Mantilla-Meluk and Baker (2010) elevated A. peruana to specific level." 88109897,Artibeus schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,schwartzi,,,,,"Jones, 1978",This species was described as a subspecies of A. jamaicensis but molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown it is distinct from that species (Larsen et al. 2007). 88109970,Artibeus aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Artibeus,aequatorialis,,,,,"Andersen, 1906","Previously, Artibeus aequatorialis was treated as subspecies of A. jamaicensis. Larsen et al. (2010) used morphometric and genetic data to investigate the taxonomic status of A. j. aequatorialis. Results indicate that elevating aequatorialis to species level is appropriate based on statistically supported reciprocal monophyly in mitochondrial and nuclear datasets and diagnostic morphological characters." 88110257,Carollia monohernandezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,monohernandezi,,,,,"Muñoz, Cuartas-Calle & Gonzalez, 2004", 88110352,Carollia benkeithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,benkeithi,,,,,"Solari & Baker, 2006","This species was previously included under Carollia castanea, it is now considered a distinct species (Solari and Baker 2006)." 88110411,Carollia castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Carollia,castanea,,,,,"H. Allen, 1890","The species previously included populations with distinctive morphologies and karyotypes, that required description of a new species, C. benkeithi, to better recognize that evolutionary diversity (Solari and Baker 2006)." 88120307,Lichonycteris degener,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lichonycteris,degener,,,,,"Miller, 1931","The species was previously included within Lepus. obscura, it is now recognized as a valid species (Gardner 2008)." 88120333,Micronycteris buriri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,buriri,,,,,"Larsen, Siles, Pedersen & Kwiecinski, 2011", 88120398,Micronycteris giovanniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,giovanniae,,,,,"Baker & Fonseca, 2007", 88128873,Chondrina feneriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Chondrina,feneriensis,,,,,"Bodon, Nardi, Cianfanelli & Kokshoorn, 2015", 88132568,Micronycteris yatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Micronycteris,yatesi,,,,,"Siles, Brooks, Aranibar, Tarifa, Vargas, Rojas & Baker, 2013", 4819,Chrysocyon brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Chrysocyon,brachyurus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1815)", 88149216,Lophostoma kalkoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lophostoma,kalkoae,,,,,"Velazco & Gardner, 2012", 88149229,Lonchophylla pattoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,pattoni,,,,,"Woodman & Timm, 2006", 88149262,Lonchophylla cadenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,cadenai,,,,,"Woodman & Timm, 2006", 88150966,Lonchophylla orienticollina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,orienticollina,,,,,"Dávalos & Corthals, 2008", 88150984,Lonchophylla peracchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,peracchii,,,,,"Dias, Esberard & Moratelli, 2013","Previously, this species was considered as part of L. bokermanni, which is now restricted to the Cerrado formations of Brazil (Dias et al. 2013)." 88151033,Thyroptera wynneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,THYROPTERIDAE,Thyroptera,wynneae,,,,,"Velazco, Gregorin, Voss & Simmons, 2014", 88151044,Eptesicus taddeii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,taddeii,,,,,"Miranda, Bernardi & Passos, 2006", 88151061,Lasiurus salinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,salinae,,,,,"Thomas, 1902"," Previously this species was included within Lasiurus blossevillii, it is now considered a distinct species (Gardner 2008)." 88151417,Myotis diminutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,diminutus,,,,,"Moratelli & Wilson, 2011", 88151563,Myotis izecksohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,izecksohni,,,,,"Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias & de Oliveira, 2011", 88151601,Myotis lavali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,lavali,,,,,"Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias & de Oliveira, 2011", 88151726,Rhogeessa bickhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,bickhami,,,,,"Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez & Baker, 2012", 88151749,Rhogeessa menchuae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,menchuae,,,,,"Baird, Marchán-Rivadeneira, Pérez & Baker, 2012", 88151777,Rhogeessa velilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Rhogeessa,velilla,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","Previously this species was included within R. io, but it is now considered a distinct species (Baird et al. 2008)." 88151984,Vampyrodes major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Vampyrodes,major,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1908",Vampyroides major was previously included within V. caraccioli. It is now considered a distinct species. 88152001,Sturnira bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,bakeri,,,,,"Velazco & Patterson, 2014", 88152206,Sturnira burtonlimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,burtonlimi,,,,,"Velazco & Patterson, 2014", 88154322,Sturnira angeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,angeli,,,,,"de la Torre, 1961","Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium, it has now been elevated to species rank.
S. thomasi is recognized by Simmons (2005) as a distinct species but is here synonymized with S. angeli following Velazco and Patterson (2013)." 88154376,Sturnira parvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,parvidens,,,,,"Goldman, 1917","Previously recognized as subspecies of S. lilium, it has now been elevated to species rank." 88154558,Sturnira paulsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,paulsoni,,,,,"de la Torre and Schwartz, 1966","Previously it was recognized as subspecies of S. lilium, it has now been elevated to species rank (Velazco and Patterson 2013)." 88154577,Sturnira hondurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,hondurensis,,,,,"Goodwin, 1940","Previously recognized as synonym of S. ludovici, it has now been recognized as distinct species (Velazco et al. 2010)." 88159599,Sturnira koopmanhilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,koopmanhilli,,,,,"McCarthy, Albuja, & Alberico, 2006", 88159664,Sturnira perla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,perla,,,,,"Jarrin & Kunz, 2011", 88159722,Sturnira ludovici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,ludovici,,,,,"Anthony, 1924","The species previously included S. hondurensis, now it is recognized as a distinct species (Velazco and Patterson 2013)." 88159886,Platyrrhinus helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,helleri,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)","Molecular, morphological, and morphometric analyses (Velazco et al. 2010) of specimens formerly identified as Platyrrhinus helleri support recognition of Platyrrhinus incarum as a separate species and reveal the presence of two species from northern South America (Platyrrhinus angustirostris sp. nov. from eastern Colombia and Ecuador, north-eastern Peru, and Venezuela and Platyrrhinus fusciventris sp. nov. from Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Trinidad and Tobago, northern Brazil, eastern Ecuador, and southern Venezuela)." 88160214,Platyrrhinus incarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,incarum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)",This species has been split from P. helleri (Velazco et al. 2010). 88160255,Platyrrhinus angustirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,angustirostris,,,,,"Velazco, Gardner & Patterson, 2010", 88160364,Platyrrhinus aquilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,aquilus,,,,,"(Handley & Ferris, 1972)", 88160389,Platyrrhinus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,dorsalis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)","Morphological and morphometric analyses of specimens from southeastern Panama, and northeastern Colombia and Venezuela, formerly identified as Platyrrhinus dorsalis show that they should be recognized as separate species, with the names aquilus and umbratus, respectively (Velazco and Gardner 2009)." 88160517,Platyrrhinus nitelinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,nitelinea,,,,,"Velazco & Gardner, 2009", 29435,Amolops cremnobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,cremnobatus,,,,,"Inger & Kottelat, 1998", 13560,Gardnerycteris crenulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Gardnerycteris,crenulatum,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1810",Gardnerycteris crenulatum could be a species complex and a systematic review is needed (Patterson and Tavares pers. comm). This species does not include koepckeae. 136266,Gardnerycteris koepckeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Gardnerycteris,koepckeae,,,,,"Gardner & Patton, 1972",This taxon has been recognized as a full species separate from Mimon crenulatum (Tavares pers. comm). 88108473,Anoura caudifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Anoura,caudifer,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818)","This name is often spelled caudifera but the correct spelling is caudifer according to the Code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Simmons 2005). Based on morphological and distributional differences between A. caudifer caudifer and A. c. aequatoris, Mantilla-Meluk and Baker (2006) elevated the latter to specific level." 22718508,Anthus berthelotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,berthelotii,,,,,"Bolle, 1862", 22718550,Anthus hodgsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,hodgsoni,,,,,"Richmond, 1907", 22720041,Fringilla montifringilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Fringilla,montifringilla,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 59038,Theloderma phrynoderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,phrynoderma,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)",Taylor (1962) appeared to doubt the placement of this species in Theloderma (although his argument is confused by reference to the genus Phrynoderma). 22720045,Serinus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,pusillus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 88227721,Leptorhabdium nitidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Leptorhabdium,nitidum,,,,,"Holzschuh, 1974", 88227438,Leptorhabdium illyricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Leptorhabdium,illyricum,,,,,"(Kraatz, 1871)","Leptorhabdium illyricum was described by Kraatz in 1871 based on specimens coming from the central Balkans, without precise localities. For a long time, the species remained mysterious and hidden since the literature only discussed taxonomy, without adding information about localities or biology. In 1986, Ohbayashi and Shimomura gave precise drawings for all those species. Then, Sama (1993) confirmed taxonomical choices after a study of the type specimens in Pic and Kraatz's collections. Therefore, he fixed the taxonomy among the European Leptorhabdium-Xylosteus group. That taxonomy is followed here." 4786,Protochondrostoma genei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Protochondrostoma,genei,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1839)", 88137104,Theloderma vietnamense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,vietnamense,,,,,"Poyarkov, Orlov, Moiseeva, Pawangkhanant, Ruangsuwan, Vassilieva, Galoyan, Nguyen & Gogoleva, 2015", 88088737,Bombus kirbiellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,kirbiellus,,,,,"Curtis, 1835","The status of this species has been uncertain ever since it was described, with authors going backwards and forwards frequently on whether it is part of B. balteatus or a separate species. This species was recently split from Bombus balteatus as evidenced by gene coalescents by Williams et al. (2015). Bombus balteatus is restricted to the European and Asian continents, and Bombus kirbiellus is restricted to North America. Thorp et al. (1983) treated the California population of this species as B. balteatus." 88089236,Bombus natvigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,natvigi,,,,,"Richards, 1931","This species has been separated from Bombus hyperboreus as evidenced by gene coalescents by Williams et al. (2015). Bombus hyperboreus is restricted to the European and Asian continents, and Bombus natvigi is restricted to North America and Greenland." 88418111,Philantomba walteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Philantomba,walteri,,,,,"Colyn, Hulselmans, Sonet, Oudé, de Winter, Natta, Nagy & Verheyen, 2010","Identified on the basis of external morphology, craniometry and DNA analysis by Colyn et al. (2010) who said it was clearly distinguished from P. maxwellii and P. monticola." 79427218,Tylototriton anguliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,anguliceps,,,,,"Le, Nguyen, Nishikawa, Nguyen, Pham, Matsui, Bernardes & Nguyen, 2015", 84335689,Tylototriton podichthys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,podichthys,,,,,"Phimmachak, Aowphol & Stuart, 2015",This species was previously confused with Tylototriton verrucosus and T. shanjing (Matsui 2013). 55645,Hyla sarda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,sarda,,,,,"(De Betta, 1853)", 22725105,Rhodopechys sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhodopechys,sanguineus,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22720532,Rhodospiza obsoleta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhodospiza,obsoleta,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","

Rhodospiza obsoleta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Rhodopechys and listed as Rhodopechys obsoletus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 15513,Ornithoptera alexandrae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,alexandrae,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1907)","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species." 88417004,Phrynobatrachus albifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,albifer,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 88417158,Phrynobatrachus dendrobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,dendrobates,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1919)",This is a restricted concept of Phrynobatrachus dendrobates following the revalidation of P. petropedetoides which was previously placed in synonymy with this species. 88417138,Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,petropedetoides,,,,,"Ahl, 1924", 88640144,Ptychadena boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,boettgeri,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)", 22720610,Carpodacus rubicilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,rubicilla,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1775)", 22720638,Loxia pytyopsittacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxia,pytyopsittacus,,,,,"Borkhausen, 1793", 15524,Ornithoptera tithonus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,tithonus,,,,,"de Haan, 1840","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species.There are currently at least five recognised subspecies: the nominate subspecies tithonus; subspecies waigeuensis Rothschild, 1897; misresiana (Joicey & Noakes, 1916); misoolana (Deslisle, 1985); and dominici Schäffler, 2001. There are another two possible subspecies, cytherea (Kobayashi & Koiwaya, 1980) and makikoae Morita, 1998 (in Schaeffler 2001). Subspecies cytherea was also recognised by Ohya (2001) as a subspecies of O. tithonus." 22720641,Loxia scotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxia,scotica,,,,,"Hartert, 1904", 13969,Mus mayori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,mayori,,,,,"(Thomas, 1915)","This species belongs to subgenus Coelomys Thomas, 1915. Ellerman (1961) listed two subspecies, namely Mus mayori mayori (Thomas, 1915) and Mus mayori pococki Ellerman, 1947." 20332,Solisorex pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Solisorex,pearsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1924", 15523,Ornithoptera rothschildi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,rothschildi,,,,,"Kenrick, 1911","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species." 88700294,Biswamoyopterus laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Biswamoyopterus,laoensis,,,,,"Sanamxay, Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Xayavong, Xayaphet, Satasook & Bates 2013", 88792991,Gloydius himalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,himalayanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 88793049,Gloydius rickmersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,rickmersi,,,,,"Wagner, Tiutenko, Borkin & Simonov, 2016","The extremely complex taxonomic history of the Gloydius halys complex is detailed by Wagner et al. (2016). These authors investigated the identity of populations in the Alai region, attributed variously to G. h. caraganus or a zone of sympatry between this taxon and the nominate G. h. halys. Comparing specimens with known G. halys subspecies on both molecular and morphological grounds, Wagner et al. (2016) found no close relationship with either G. h. halys or G. h. caraganus, finding that the Alai specimens most closely resembled geographically distant subspecies. Morphological differences from these latter (which were not sequenced) and geographic separation make the Alai population unlikely to be conspecific, and accordingly Wagner et al. (2016) described it as a new, full species G. rickmersi." 88793478,Gloydius tsushimaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,tsushimaensis,,,,,"(Isaogawa, Moriya & Mitsui, 1994)", 88793749,Microlophus indefatigabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,indefatigabilis,,,,,"(Baur, 1890)","Recent DNA studies have elucidated the taxonomic status of this species. Previously, the name was applied to populations from four large islands (Isabela, Fernandina, Santa Cruz-Santa Fe and Santiago) and numerous associated satellite islets (Kizirian et al. 2004). Following DNA analysis, Benavides et al. (2007) restricted the range of the species to the Isabela-Fernandina islands, with the Santiago and Santa Cruz-Santa Fe populations now being recognized as Microlophus jacobi and M. indefatigabilis, respectively." 88793780,Microlophus jacobi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,jacobi,,,,,"(Baur, 1892)","Recent DNA studies have elucidated the taxonomic status of this species. Previously, the name was applied to populations from four large islands (Isabela, Fernandina, Santa Cruz-Santa Fe and Santiago) and numerous associated satellite islets (Kizirian et al. 2004). Following DNA analysis, Benavides et al. (2007) restricted the range of the species to the Isabela-Fernandina islands, with the Santiago and Santa Cruz-Santa Fe populations now being recognized as Microlophus jacobi and M. indefatigabilis, respectively." 88793825,Stictoleptura palmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stictoleptura,palmi,,,,,"(Demelt, 1971)", 88793834,Stenurella hybridula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stenurella,hybridula,,,,,"(Reitter, 1902)","The correct year of description for S. hybridula is 1902. In the indicated publication of 1901, for example, as given in Löbl and Smetana (2010), Reitter did not mention this species. It was described by him in the volume two of the Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1901, published in January 1902 (Danilevsky 2012, Özdikmen 2013)." 88814157,Funambulus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funambulus,obscurus,,,,,"(Pelzeln & Kohl, 1886)","

Sufficient Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), morphological, and morphometric data now exist to rank the two subspecies of Funambulus sublineatus (obscurus and sublineatus) as separate species (Dissanayake and Oshida 2012). Data reveal a clear difference in pelage and body measurements. However, it is recommended that the reliability of the mtDNA signal observed be established to more accurately determine the evolutionary relationships between the two species (Dissanayake and Oshida 2012).

There is also apparent mitochondrial genetic affinity between F. obscurus and F. layardi which suggests a close evolutionary affinity of these species, with analysis revealing F. layardi is considered a sister group to F. obscurus (Dissanayake and Oshida, 2012).

The true relationships of F. obscurus remain opaque, with morphology suggesting sister relationship to allopatric F. sublineatus, but mtDNA doing likewise to sympatric F. layardi (Dissanayake and Oshida 2012).

" 47943820,Biralus mahunkaorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Biralus,mahunkaorum,,,,,"(Ádám, 1983)","Recently Rössner and Fery (2014) in their revision of Biralus species had redefined the distribution of B. mahunkaorum, thus the western localities formerly ascribed to B. satellitius could be referred to B. mahounkaorum and need to be checked." 184283,Libyogomphus tenaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Libyogomphus,tenaculatus,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 184272,Libyogomphus bwambae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Libyogomphus,bwambae,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1961)", 184234,Aethiothemis gamblesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,gamblesi,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1969)","Genus Lokia is most likely a synonym to Aethiothemis (Dijkstra unpublished)." 89014897,Aetholitis agamemnon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Aetholitis,agamemnon,,,,,"(Gude, 1906)",Taxonomic treatment follows Stanisic et al. (2010) 89015991,Aetholitis francisae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Aetholitis,francisae,,,,,"Stanisic, 2010", 89016050,Aetholitis gerdesae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Aetholitis,gerdesae,,,,,"Stanisic, 2010", 89016748,Amplirhagada alicunda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,alicunda,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89016869,Amplirhagada alkuonides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,alkuonides,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89017203,Amplirhagada angustocauda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,angustocauda,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89017228,Amplirhagada atlantis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,atlantis,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89017250,Amplirhagada basilica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,basilica,,,,,"Köhler, 2010", 89017302,Amplirhagada bendraytoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,bendraytoni,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89017482,Amplirhagada burnerensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,burnerensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1894)",Taxonomic treatment follows Solem (1981). 89017885,Amplirhagada burrowsena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,burrowsena,,,,,"Iredale, 1939",

Taxonomic treatment follows Köhler (2011).

89035947,Ceriagrion platystigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,platystigma,,,,,"Fraser, 1941",Ceriagrioni platystigma was removed from synonymy with C. varians by Dijkstra et al. (2015). 89036109,Gynacantha victoriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,victoriae,,,,,"Pinhey, 1961","Dijkstra et al. (2015) revalidated Gynacantha victoriae as a separate species, removing it from synonymy with G. bullata." 89031843,Amplirhagada decora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,decora,,,,,"Köhler, 2010", 89032212,Amplirhagada kessneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,kessneri,,,,,"Köhler, 2010", 89032620,Amplirhagada carsoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,carsoniana,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89032656,Amplirhagada coffea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,coffea,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89032721,Amplirhagada davidsoniana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,davidsoniana,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89032748,Amplirhagada discoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,discoidea,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89032845,Amplirhagada epiphallica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,epiphallica,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89032859,Amplirhagada forrestiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,forrestiana,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89032908,Amplirhagada gardneriana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,gardneriana,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89033090,Amplirhagada inusitata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,inusitata,,,,,"Köhler, 2011", 89033349,Amplirhagada imitata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,imitata,,,,,"(Smith, 1894)","

Solem (1981) considered A. burrowsena as a synonym and delimited this species to include snails from various islands as well as the mainland. Subsequently, A. burrowsena has been removed from the synonymy of A. imitata by Köhler (2011). He also delimited the species to only contain snails from Baudin and Condillac Island, Admiralty Gulf. The species name A. imitata has inappropriately been used in museum collections for samples of various other similar species.

" 89033507,Amplirhagada carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,carinata,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 89033774,Amplirhagada castra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,castra,,,,,"Solem, 1981","Originally described to contain two subspecies, these have subsequently been elevated to full species rank by Köhler (2010)." 89033783,Amplirhagada confusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,confusa,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 89033798,Amplirhagada depressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,depressa,,,,,"Solem, 1981",Originally described as subspecies of Amplirhagada varia. Subsequently elevated to full species rank by Köhler (2010). 89033865,Amplirhagada intermedia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,intermedia,,,,,"Solem, 1981",Originally introduced as subspecies of Amplirhagada alta. Subsequently elevated to full species rank by Köhler and Johnson (2012). 89033869,Amplirhagada kalumburuana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,kalumburuana,,,,,"Solem, 1981", 89033978,Amplirhagada cambridgensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Amplirhagada,cambridgensis,,,,,"Solem, 1988", 2645,Telmatobius macrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,macrostomus,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)", 29415,Boana palaestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,palaestes,,,,,"(Duellman, De la Riva and Wild, 1997)", 54487,Atelopus andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,andinus,,,,,"Rivero, 1968", 54503,Atelopus dimorphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,dimorphus,,,,,"Lötters, 2003", 54506,Atelopus erythropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,erythropus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 54539,Atelopus peruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,peruensis,,,,,"Gray & Cannatella, 1985", 54546,Atelopus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,reticulatus,,,,,"Lötters, Haas, Schick & Böhme, 2002", 54548,Atelopus seminiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,seminiferus,,,,,"Cope, 1874", 54552,Atelopus siranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,siranus,,,,,"Lötters & Henzl, 2000", 54559,Atelopus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,tricolor,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902","Reynolds and Foster (1992) indicated that Atelopus rugulosus is a synonym of A. tricolor. Subsequently, Lötters and De la Riva (1998) confirmed this and pointed out that in evaluating the types of A. rugulosus from south-east Peru, and A. wilimani from Bolivia, both are synonyms of A. tricolor." 54608,Rhinella chavin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,chavin,,,,,"(Lehr, Kohler, Aguilar & Ponce, 2001)", 54615,Nannophryne cophotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nannophryne,cophotis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 54669,Rhinella inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,inca,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1913)",This species is possibly a synonym of Rhinella veraguensis. 54672,Rhinella iserni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,iserni,,,,,"(Jimenez de la Espada, 1875)", 54715,Rhinella nesiotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,nesiotes,,,,,"(Duellman and Toft, 1979)", 54791,Rhinella vellardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,vellardi,,,,,"(Leviton & Duellman, 1978)",This species was considered to be a subspecies of Rhinella limensis by Leviton and Duellman (1978). 54876,Rhinella festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,festae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1904)","Juveniles of this species can be confused with juveniles of the Rhinella margaritifera complex, and hence its distribution is poorly known. This might be a species complex (D. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm.)." 54891,Truebella skoptes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Truebella,skoptes,,,,,"Graybeal and Cannatella, 1995", 54892,Truebella tothastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Truebella,tothastes,,,,,"Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995", 54905,Centrolene azulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,azulae,,,,,"(Flores & McDiarmid, 1989)","

Guayasamin et al. (2009) listed Centrolene azulae as ""incertae sedis"" within Centroleninae because molecular data are not available, and morphological and behavioral characters do not provide unambiguous evidence on their generic placement. There is a chance that this is a synonym of a previously described species (A. Catenazzi pers. comm. September 2018).

" 54917,Centrolene hesperium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,hesperium,,,,,"(Cadle and McDiarmid, 1990)", 54927,Centrolene muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,muelleri,,,,,"Duellman & Schulte, 1993", 54973,Cochranella nola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,nola,,,,,"Harvey, 1996",This species is sympatric with Hyalinobatrachium bergeri (Lötters and Köhler 2000). 54974,Nymphargus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)", 54979,Nymphargus phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,phenax,,,,,"(Cannatella & Duellman, 1982)", 54980,Nymphargus pluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,pluvialis,,,,,"(Cannatella & Duellman, 1982)", 55039,Allobates zaparo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,zaparo,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1976)",We follow Vences et al. (2003) in assigning this species to the genus Allobates. 55047,Leucostethus argyrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Leucostethus,argyrogaster,,,,,"(Morales & Schulte, 1993)", 55093,Hyloxalus idiomelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,idiomelus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)", 55105,Hyloxalus littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,littoralis,,,,,"(Péfaur, 1984)",This species is likely to be a complex of several cryptic species (E. Lehr pers. comm. December 2017). 55114,Allobates melanolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,melanolaemus,,,,,"(Grant & Rodríguez, 2001)", 55116,Hyloxalus mittermeieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,mittermeieri,,,,,"(Rivero, 1991)", 55119,Hyloxalus nexipus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,nexipus,,,,,"(Frost, 1986)", 55123,Allobates ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,ornatus,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)","Assessors of the Amazon Global Amphibian Assessment workshop in Brazil raised questions as to the taxonomic validity of this species, but Morales (pers. comm.) is convinced that it is a valid species." 55128,Hyloxalus patitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,patitae,,,,,"(Lötters, Morales and Proy, 2003)", 55133,Colostethus poecilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,poecilonotus,,,,,"Rivero, 1991","Grant et al. (2006) could not allocate it beyond Dendrobatoidea (Aromobatidae + Dendrobatidae), merely retaining it in a non-taxon ""Colostethus""." 55154,Hyloxalus sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,sylvaticus,,,,,"(Barbour & Noble, 1920)", 55162,Hyloxalus utcubambensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,utcubambensis,,,,,"(Morales, 1994)", 55169,Hyloxalus azureiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,azureiventris,,,,,"(Kneller and Henle, 1985)", 55178,Excidobates captivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Excidobates,captivus,,,,,"(Myers, 1982)", 55182,Ranitomeya fantastica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,fantastica,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)","The nominal form formerly referred to as Ranitomeya fantastica was found to be a complex of three closely related species: R. fantastica, R. benedicta and R. summersi (Brown et al. 2008). Ranitomeya fantastica is herein reassessed considering this change in taxonomic concept." 55193,Excidobates mysteriosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Excidobates,mysteriosus,,,,,"(Myers, 1982)", 55213,Epipedobates anthonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Epipedobates,anthonyi,,,,,"(Noble, 1921)",This species and Epipedobates tricolor were separated by Schulte (1999). We follow Graham et al. (2004) in restricting the distribution of E. anthonyi to southern Ecuador and northern Peru. 55214,Ameerega bassleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,bassleri,,,,,"(Melin, 1941)",This species is comprised of a well-supported monophyletic group and shows higher levels of genetic divergence among its populations than those of Ameerega hahneli from the same region (Roberts et al. 2007). 55232,Ameerega pongoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,pongoensis,,,,,"(Schulte, 1999)",This species is very similar to Ameerega petersi. There might be a need to re-examine the relationship between these two taxa. 55234,Ameerega rubriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,rubriventris,,,,,"(Lötters, Debold, Henle, Glaw & Kneller, 1997)","The status of Ameerega rubriventris as a valid species is still in dispute by some, though the unusual ventral colors and genetic distinctness suggest that this species is indeed different from A. altamazonica (Twomey and Brown 2017)." 55236,Ameerega silverstonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,silverstonei,,,,,"(Myers & Daly, 1979)","Prior to the official description in 1979, this species was known to many people but under incorrect names, such as Phyllobates bicolor." 55237,Ameerega simulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,simulans,,,,,"(Myers, Rodríguez and Icochea, 1998)", 55238,Ameerega smaragdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,smaragdina,,,,,"(Silverstone, 1976)","It is not clear whether this species is distinct from Ameerega petersi, and further taxonomic work is necessary to clarify the specific status (J. Brown pers. comm. April 2017)." 55320,Gastrotheca abdita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,abdita,,,,,"Duellman, 1987",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55335,Gastrotheca galeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,galeata,,,,,"Trueb & Duellman, 1978", 55340,Gastrotheca lateonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,lateonota,,,,,"Duellman and Trueb, 1988",This genus moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55344,Gastrotheca marsupiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,marsupiata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","This form is a complex of several species. Gastrotheca piperata was recently separated out by Duellman and Köhler (2005)." 55348,Gastrotheca ochoai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,ochoai,,,,,"Duellman & Fritts, 1972", 55351,Gastrotheca pacchamama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,pacchamama,,,,,"Duellman, 1987",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55356,Gastrotheca rebeccae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,rebeccae,,,,,"Duellman & Trueb, 1988",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55360,Gastrotheca stictopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,stictopleura,,,,,"Duellman, Lehr and Aguilar, 2001", 55361,Gastrotheca testudinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,testudinea,,,,,"(Jiménez de la Espada, 1871)",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55398,Hyloscirtus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,armatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla, but has been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). Severe taxonomic difficulties exist with this species. This taxon is considered to be a species complex, with possibly more than three species involved, with known subpopulations in Bolivia differing in advertisement calls and morphological characters (Reichle 2006, M. Pacheco pers. comm 2020)." 55553,Boana melanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,melanopleura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 55840,Callimedusa baltea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Callimedusa,baltea,,,,,"(Duellman & Toft, 1979)", 55850,Callimedusa duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Callimedusa,duellmani,,,,,"(Cannatella, 1982)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Callimedusa (Duellman et al. 2016)." 55983,Scinax oreites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,oreites,,,,,"Duellman and Wiens, 1993", 56329,Telmatobius brachydactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,brachydactylus,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)","On the basis of larval morphology, Aguilar and Pacheco (2005) suggested that this species should be in Telmatobius, although they did not make the nomenclatural change from Batrachophrynus (Frost 2014)." 56341,Ceratophrys stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Ceratophrys,stolzmanni,,,,,"Steindachner, 1882","Two subspecies are recognized: Ceratophrys stolzmanni ssp. scaphiopeza in Ecuador, and C. stolzmanni ssp. stolzmanni in Peru." 56384,Edalorhina nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Edalorhina,nasuta,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912", 56417,Pristimantis anemerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,anemerus,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56430,Niceforonia araiodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,araiodactyla,,,,,"(Duellman & Pramuk, 1999)", 56431,Pristimantis ardalonychus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ardalonychus,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56435,Pristimantis atrabracus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,atrabracus,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56456,Pristimantis bearsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bearsei,,,,,"(Duellman, 1992)", 56479,Pristimantis bromeliaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bromeliaceus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)","This species is part of the Pristimantis lacrimosus complex, which is characterized by challenging taxonomic identification. The Peruvian subpopulations could pertain to different species, pending further study. For the purposes of this assessment, all Peruvian subpopulations are considered to belong to this taxon until determined otherwise." 56503,Pristimantis ceuthospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ceuthospilus,,,,,"(Duellman and Wild, 1993)", 56517,Pristimantis colodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,colodactylus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56520,Pristimantis condor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,condor,,,,,"(Lynch and Duellman, 1980)", 56526,Pristimantis cosnipatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cosnipatae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)", 56539,Pristimantis cryptomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cryptomelas,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56548,Pristimantis danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,danae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)","This species was previously confused with Pristimantis reichle. These two species are essentially in distinguishable morphologically, but the two species they have distinct molecular and call differences (Padial and De la Riva 2009, Duellman and Lehr 2009)." 56610,Pristimantis galdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,galdi,,,,,"Jimenez de la Espada, 1870", 56669,Pristimantis infraguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,infraguttatus,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56720,Pristimantis lindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lindae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)", 56722,Pristimantis lirellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lirellus,,,,,"(Dwyer, 1995)", 56759,Pristimantis mendax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,mendax,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)", 56760,Yunganastes mercedesae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Yunganastes,mercedesae,,,,,"(Lynch & McDiarmid, 1987)", 56763,Pristimantis metabates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,metabates,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56779,Pristimantis muscosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,muscosus,,,,,"(Duellman & Pramuk, 1999)",This species might consist of a complex of more than one species. 56808,Pristimantis olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,olivaceus,,,,,"(Kohler, Morales, Lotters, Reichle & Aparicio, 1998)", 56818,Pristimantis orphnolaimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,orphnolaimus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1970)", 56833,Pristimantis pataikos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pataikos,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56839,Pristimantis pecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pecki,,,,,"(Duellman and Lynch, 1988)", 56844,Pristimantis percnopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,percnopterus,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56850,Pristimantis petrobardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,petrobardus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1991)",Pristimantis vermiculatus is considered to be a junior synonym of Pristimantis petrobardus (Duellman and Lehr 2009). 56861,Pristimantis pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pinguis,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56866,Pristimantis platydactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,platydactylus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","This species is a complex of more than one species and it is likely that it contains several cryptic species. De la Riva described the variation of this species with data about its biology and distribution, and about the taxonomic status of Pristimantis bockermanni. It is an extremely polymorphic species, that presents a great intra- and inter-population variation in coloration, body size and skin texture (Köhler 2000)." 56880,Pristimantis proserpens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,proserpens,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 56911,Pristimantis rhodoplichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rhodoplichus,,,,,"(Duellman and Wild, 1993)", 56912,Pristimantis rhodostichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rhodostichus,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56932,Pristimantis rufioculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rufioculis,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56941,Pristimantis salaputium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,salaputium,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)",This species is part of the Pristimantis platydactylus complex and it is possible that specimens of this species have been mistaken for P. platydactylus. 56953,Pristimantis schultei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,schultei,,,,,"(Duellman, 1990)","The record from Mitobamba, Cajamarca Department, Peru, provided by Duellman and Lehr (2009) might represent an unnamed species." 56956,Pristimantis scitulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,scitulus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)", 56960,Pristimantis serendipitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,serendipitus,,,,,"(Duellman & Pramuk, 1999)", 56979,Pristimantis sternothylax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,sternothylax,,,,,"(Duellman and Wild, 1993)", 57039,Pristimantis versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,versicolor,,,,,"(Lynch, 1979)", 57055,Pristimantis wiensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,wiensi,,,,,"(Duellman and Wild, 1993)", 57200,Psychrophrynella bagrecito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Psychrophrynella,bagrecito,,,,,"(Lynch, 1986)","According to Lehr and Catenazzi (2009), Psychrophrynella bagrecito (Lynch 1986) seems to be related to Noblella rather than to Psychrophrynella (Lehr 2006, De la Riva et al. 2008)." 57201,Phrynopus barthlenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,barthlenae,,,,,"Lehr and Aguilar, 2002", 57202,Phrynopus bracki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,bracki,,,,,"Hedges, 1990", 57206,Bryophryne cophites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,cophites,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)", 57207,Phrynopus dagmarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,dagmarae,,,,,"Lehr, Aguilar & Köhler, 2002", 57208,Niceforonia fallaciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,fallaciosa,,,,,"(Duellman, 2000)", 57209,Lynchius flavomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Lynchius,flavomaculatus,,,,,"(Parker, 1938)", 57210,Phrynopus heimorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,heimorum,,,,,"Lehr, 2001", 57211,Phrynopus horstpauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,horstpauli,,,,,"Lehr, Köhler & Ponce, 2000", 57213,Phrynopus juninensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,juninensis,,,,,"(Shreve, 1938)", 57214,Phrynopus kauneorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,kauneorum,,,,,"Lehr, Aguilar & Köhler, 2002", 57217,Niceforonia lucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,lucida,,,,,"(Cannatella, 1984)", 57218,Phrynopus montium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,montium,,,,,"(Shreve, 1938)", 57220,Lynchius nebulanastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Lynchius,nebulanastes,,,,,"(Cannatella, 1984)", 57221,Lynchius parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Lynchius,parkeri,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)","The specimen from Cajamarca, Peru previously attributed to Lynchius parkeri by Lehr (2006) has been assigned to Lynchius oblitus based on phylogenetic analyses (Motta et al. 2016)." 57224,Phrynopus peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,peruanus,,,,,"Peters, 1873", 57227,Pristimantis simonsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,simonsii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","Reflecting some taxonomic uncertainty, Pristimantis simonsii has been included in other genera over the recent past. Currently, there is apparent consensus that the species should be in the genus Pristimantis." 57229,Phrynopus thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,thompsoni,,,,,"Duellman, 2000", 57230,Microkayla wettsteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,wettsteini,,,,,"(Parker, 1932)",Lehr (2006) synonymized Phrynopus laplacai under Microkayla wettsteini. 57232,Noblella heyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,heyeri,,,,,"(Lynch, 1986)", 57234,Noblella lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,lynchi,,,,,"(Duellman, 1991)", 57324,Telmatobius arequipensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,arequipensis,,,,,"Vellard, 1955",

Telmatobius arequipensis is likely a species complex with more than one species (Gutiérrez et al. 2010). 

57325,Telmatobius atahualpai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,atahualpai,,,,,"Wiens, 1993", 57332,Telmatobius colanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,colanensis,,,,,"Wiens, 1993", 57358,Telmatobius rimac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,rimac,,,,,"Schmidt, 1954", 58563,Lithobates bwana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,bwana,,,,,"(Hillis and de Sa, 1988)",This species is currently under taxonomic revision and the southern populations might be described as a new species. 59505,Caecilia attenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,attenuata,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59578,Oscaecilia bassleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,bassleri,,,,,"(Dunn, 1942)", 59582,Oscaecilia koepckeorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,koepckeorum,,,,,"Wake, 1984", 59641,Epicrionops lativittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Epicrionops,lativittatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",This is a species of uncertain taxonomic validity. 59645,Epicrionops peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Epicrionops,peruvianus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",The taxonomy of this species' genus is in need of revision (Wilkinson pers. comm.). 59646,Epicrionops petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Epicrionops,petersi,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",It is possible that the subpopulations of this form comprise more than one species (J. Icochea pers comm.). Taylor (1968) recognized two subspecies. The taxonomy of the genus is in need of revision (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 61753,Rhinella multiverrucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,multiverrucosa,,,,,"(Lehr, Pramuk and Lundberg, 2005)", 61807,Pristimantis bipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bipunctatus,,,,,"(Duellman & Hedges, 2005)","This is likely a species complex (E. Lehr, R. von May and A. Angulo pers. comm. April 2017)." 61810,Oreobates lundbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,lundbergi,,,,,"(Lehr, 2005)", 61818,Pristimantis rhabdocnemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rhabdocnemus,,,,,"(Duellman and Hedges, 2005)",This species might be synonymous with Pristimantis lirellus (E. Lehr pers. comm.). 61822,Gastrotheca atympana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,atympana,,,,,"Duellman, Lehr, Rodríguez & von May, 2004", 61823,Gastrotheca ossilaginis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,ossilaginis,,,,,"Duellman and Venegas, 2005", 61824,Gastrotheca phalarosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,phalarosa,,,,,"Duellman and Venegas, 2005", 61826,Gastrotheca zeugocystis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,zeugocystis,,,,,"Duellman, Lehr, Rodriguez and von May, 2004", 61828,Oreobates sanderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,sanderi,,,,,"(Padial, Reichle & De la Riva, 2005)", 61829,Phrynopus bufoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,bufoides,,,,,"Lehr, Lundberg & Aguilar, 2005", 61830,Phrynopus paucari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,paucari,,,,,"Lehr, Lundberg & Aguilar, 2005", 61831,Phrynopus pesantesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,pesantesi,,,,,"Lehr, Lundberg & Aguilar, 2005", 61835,Telmatobius timens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,timens,,,,,"De la Riva, Aparicio & Ríos, 2005","The biological identities of some of the Peruvian subpopulations need to be clarified (A. Catenazzi pers. comm. February 2014). Until such time, all subpopulations currently allocated to Telmatobius timens are encompassed in this assessment." 135751,Pristimantis ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ornatus,,,,,"(Lehr, Lundberg, Aguilar & von May, 2006)", 135754,Pristimantis stictoboubonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,stictoboubonus,,,,,"(Duellman, Lehr and Venegas, 2006)",Pristimantis stictoboubonus is distinguished from other similar species by its colour patterns (Lehr and Duellman 2007). 135756,Cochranella erminea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,erminea,,,,,"Torres-Gastello, Suárez-Segovia & Cisneros-Heredia, 2007", Cochranella erminea is diagnosed from other centrolenids by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Torres-Gastello et al. 2007). 135771,Teratohyla amelie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Teratohyla,amelie,,,,,"(Cisneros-Heredia & Meza-Ramos, 2007)",Cochranella amelie is diagnosed from other similar species by an unusual combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Cisneros-Heredia and Meza-Ramos 2007). 135789,Pristimantis tantanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tantanti,,,,,"(Lehr, Torres & Suárez, 2007)",Included in the genus Pristimantis sensu Heinicke et al. (2007) (Frost 2007). In the Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus group according to the original description (Lehr et al. 2007). The species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lehr et al. 2007). 135817,Pristimantis meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,meridionalis,,,,,"(Lehr & Duellman, 2007)", 135824,Pristimantis vilcabambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,vilcabambae,,,,,"Lehr, 2007", 135826,Phrynopus tautzorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,tautzorum,,,,,"Lehr & Aguilar, 2003", 135833,Gastrotheca antoniiochoai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,antoniiochoai,,,,,"(De la Riva & Chaparro, 2005)","Not placed in a species group in the original publication, although the authors implied a possible relationship to what is now Isthmohyla. Faivovich et al. (2005) could not allocate several members of former ""Hyla"" to any of the new genera, but believed that they would be so allocated with additional work. As a provisional measure they allocated these species to the non-taxon ""Hyla"", but which is not part of the North American-Eurasian clade which bears the name Hyla (Frost, 2007). Catenazzi and Lehr (2009) assigned “Hyla” antoniiochoai to the genus Gastrotheca because it shares with species of that genus the presence of a closed brood pouch, overall morphological similarity, and similar structure of the advertisement call." 135836,Pristimantis tanyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tanyrhynchus,,,,,"Lehr, 2007", 135844,Gastrotheca carinaceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,carinaceps,,,,,"Duellman, Trueb and Lehr, 2006",Gastrotheca carinaceps can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features (Duellman et al. 2006). 135852,Phrynopus oblivius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,oblivius,,,,,"Lehr, 2007", 135854,Pristimantis caeruleonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,caeruleonotus,,,,,"Lehr, Aguilar, Siu-Ting & Jordán, 2007",Pristimantis caeruleonotus is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lehr et al. 2007). 135875,Pristimantis minutulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,minutulus,,,,,"Duellman and Hedges, 2007",The identity and relations of Pristimantis minutulus are assessed through DNA analyses (Duellman and Hedges 2007). Recently placed in the family Strabomantidae by Hedges et al. (2008). 135886,Nymphargus mixomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,mixomaculatus,,,,,"(Guayasamin, Lehr, Rodríguez & Aguilar, 2006)",In the genus Nymphargus according to Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2007). Nymphargus mixomaculatus is diagnosed from other similar glassfrogs by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Guayasamin et al. 2006). 135890,Atelopus pyrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,pyrodactylus,,,,,"Venegas & Barrio, 2006",Atelopus pyrodactylus can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Venegas and Barrio 2006). 135900,Pristimantis albertus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,albertus,,,,,"Duellman & Hedges, 2007",The identity and relations of Pristimantis albertus are assessed through DNA analyses (Duellman and Hedges 2007). 136006,Phrynopus kotosh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,kotosh,,,,,"Lehr, 2007", 136012,Pristimantis amydrotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,amydrotus,,,,,"(Duellman & Lehr, 2007)",Included in the genus Pristimantis by Frost (2007). Recently placed in the family Strabomantidae by Hedges et al. (2008). Pristimantis amydrotus can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Duellman and Lehr 2007). 136021,Microkayla boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,boettgeri,,,,,"(Lehr, 2006)",Microkayla boettgeri can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters (Lehr 2006). 136029,Rhinella tacana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,tacana,,,,,"(Padial, Reichle, McDiarmid & De la Riva, 2006)",In the Chaunus veraguensis group according to the original publication. In the genus Rhinella following Chaparro et al. (2007). Rhinella tacana can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Padial et al. 2006). 136031,Pristimantis wagteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,wagteri,,,,,"(Venegas, 2007)",In the Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus group according to the original publication. In the genus Pristimantis according to AmphibiaWeb (2008). Pristimantis wagteri is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Venegas 2007). 136034,Bryophryne bustamantei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,bustamantei,,,,,"(Chaparro, De la Riva, Padial, Ochoa & Lehr, 2007)",Bryophryne bustamantei can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Chaparro et al. 2007). 136047,Oreobates ayacucho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,ayacucho,,,,,"(Lehr, 2007)",This species was reassigned from Phrynopus to Oreobates by Padial et al. (2012). 136060,Pristimantis seorsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,seorsus,,,,,"Lehr, 2007",Pristimantis seorsus can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and different colour patterns (Lehr 2007). 136061,Pristimantis cordovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cordovae,,,,,"(Lehr & Duellman, 2007)",In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) orestes group according to the original publication. In the genus Pristimantis following Heinicke et al. (2007). Pristimantis cordovae can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and different colour patterns (Lehr and Duellman 2007). 136083,Pristimantis ventriguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ventriguttatus,,,,,"Lehr and Köhler, 2007",In the Pristimantis orestes group according to the original publication. Pristimantis ventriguttatus can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lehr and Köhler 2007). 136088,Pristimantis coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,coronatus,,,,,"Lehr and Duellman, 2007",Pristimantis coronatus is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lehr and Duellman 2007). 136093,Pristimantis phalaroinguinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,phalaroinguinis,,,,,"(Duellman and Lehr, 2007)",Pristimantis phalaroinguinis can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Duellman and Lehr 2007). 136105,Pristimantis adiastolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,adiastolus,,,,,"Duellman & Hedges, 2007",Recently placed in the family Strabomantidae by Hedges et al. (2008). 136116,Pristimantis chimu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,chimu,,,,,"Lehr, 2007",A member of the Pristimantis orestes group according to the original publication (Lehr 2007). 136132,Pristimantis pardalinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pardalinus,,,,,"(Lehr, Lundberg, Aguilar & von May, 2006)", 136162,Atelopus epikeisthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,epikeisthos,,,,,"Lötters, Schulte & Duellman, 2004","Atelopus epikeisthos can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lötters et al. 2004)." 158466,Atelopus eusebiodiazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,eusebiodiazi,,,,,"Venegas, Catenazzi, Siu-Ting & Carrillo, 2008", 158538,Phrynopus auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,auriculatus,,,,,"Duellman & Hedges, 2008", 158539,Phrynopus tribulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,tribulosus,,,,,"Duellman & Hedges, 2008", 158545,Atelopus oxapampae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,oxapampae,,,,,"Lehr, Lötters & Lundberg, 2008", 161800,Noblella peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,peruviana,,,,,"(Noble, 1921)","Individuals of Psychrophrynella usurpator were traditionally misidentified as Phrynopus peruvianus (now = Noblella peruviana) (De la Riva et al. 2008). The assessment for Phrynopus peruvianus, that previously appeared on the IUCN Red List is now more correctly placed under Psychophrynella usurpator." 164792,Pristimantis spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,spectabilis,,,,,"Duellman & Chaparro, 2008","Tentatively placed in the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original description (Duellman and Chaparro 2008)." 185794,Chiasmocleis devriesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,devriesi,,,,,"Funk & Cannatella, 2009", 185796,Hyloxalus eleutherodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,eleutherodactylus,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)",This species was first described as Colostethus eleutherodactylus by Duellman (2004) and subsequently transferred to Hyloxalus by Grant et al. (2006). 185797,Hyloxalus insulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,insulatus,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)",This species was first described as Colostethus insulatus by Duellman (2004) and subsequently transferred to Hyloxalus by Grant et al. (2006). 185798,Hyloxalus leucophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,leucophaeus,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)",This species was described as Colostethus leucophaeus (Duellman 2004). It was assigned to Hyloxalus by Grant et al. (2006). 185799,Hyloxalus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)",This species was first described as Colostethus pulcherrimus by Duellman (2004) and subsequently transferred to Hyloxalus by Grant et al. (2006). 185800,Hyloxalus sordidatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,sordidatus,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)",This species was first described as Colostethus sordidatus by Duellman (2004) and subsequently transferred to Hyloxalus by Grant et al. (2006). 185801,Hyloxalus spilotogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,spilotogaster,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)",This species was first described belonging to the genus Colostethus by Duellman (2004) and subsequently transferred to Hyloxalus by Grant et al. (2006). 185802,Hyloxalus craspedoceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,craspedoceps,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)","This species was described as belonging to the genus Colostethus by Duellman (2004). In their revision of the poison frogs, Grant et al. (2006) split Colostethus and transferred this species to Allobates. Santos et al. (2009) rejected a number of nomenclatural changes proposed by Grant et al. (2006), and their analysis recovered this species within Hyloxalus, and these authors therefore erected the new combination Hyloxalus craspedoceps for this species." 190984,Bryophryne gymnotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,gymnotis,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2009", 190985,Bryophryne hanssaueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,hanssaueri,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2009", 190986,Bryophryne zonalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,zonalis,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2009", 190996,Noblella pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,pygmaea,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2009", 190999,Pristimantis divnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,divnae,,,,,"Lehr & von May, 2009","This species was preliminarily assigned to the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original description (Lehr and von May 2009). Pristimantis divnae was removed from the P. unistrigatus group and left as unassigned by Padial et al. (2014)." 193430,Ranitomeya summersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,summersi,,,,,"Brown, Twomey, Pepper & Sanchez Rodriguez, 2008","This species was formerly included within Ranitomeya fantastica (Brown et al. 2008)." 199972,Noblella duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,duellmani,,,,,"(Lehr, Aguilar & Lundberg, 2004)","Originally described under the genus Phyllonastes by Lehr et al. (2004), this species was subsequently allocated to the genus Noblella by De la Riva et al. (2008)." 18435514,Phrynopus miroslawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,miroslawae,,,,,"Chaparro, Padial & De la Riva, 2008", 18435518,Phrynopus nicoleae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,nicoleae,,,,,"Chaparro, Padial & De la Riva, 2008", 18435550,Atelopus podocarpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,podocarpus,,,,,"Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010", 18435568,Bryophryne nubilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,nubilosus,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2008", 77187792,Ameerega ignipedis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,ignipedis,,,,,"Brown & Twomey, 2009 ", 77187813,Ameerega pepperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,pepperi,,,,,"Brown & Twomey, 2009 ", 78456124,Bryophryne abramalagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,abramalagae,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2010", 78456577,Bryophryne flammiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,flammiventris,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2010", 78457348,Centrolene charapita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,charapita,,,,,"Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher, 2014","The phylogenetic position of Centrolene charapita might change as more molecular and/or phenotypic data are analyzed, or if more species are included in the genus (Twomey et al. 2014)" 78457419,Centrolene sabini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,sabini,,,,,"Catenazzi, von May, Lehr, Gagliardi-Urrutia & Guayasamin, 2012", 78458868,Cochranella guayasamini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,guayasamini,,,,,"Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher, 2014","

This species was formerly confused with Cochrannella croceopodes, which has since been synonymised with Rulyrana saxiscandens (Twomey et al. 2014).

" 78500940,Gastrotheca nebulanastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,nebulanastes,,,,,"Duellman, Catenazzi & Blackburn, 2011", 78500967,Gastrotheca phelloderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,phelloderma,,,,,"Lehr & Catenazzi, 2011", 78517604,Boana gladiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,gladiator,,,,,"(Köhler, Koscinski, Padial, Chaparro, Handford, Lougheed & De la Riva, 2010)", 78526152,Oreobates gemcare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,gemcare,,,,," Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia & De la Riva, 2012","

This is a split from the broader concept of Oreobates lehri (Padial et al. 2012). O. lehri was initially ascribed to two distant populations, one in Cordillera Vilcabamba, which is now considered typical O. lehri, and one in the Andean hills of the Kosñipata Valley, which is now recognized as O. gemcare (Padial et al. 2012). 

" 78527107,Oreobates machiguenga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,machiguenga,,,,,"Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia & De la Riva, 2012", 78534587,Phrynopus badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,badius,,,,,"Lehr, Moravec & Cusi, 2012", 78534591,Phrynopus chaparroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,chaparroi,,,,,"Mamani & Malqui, 2014","Phrynopus chaparroi might belong to Pristimantis, but molecular characters need to be applied to confirm this suspicion (Lehr and von May 2017)." 78534594,Phrynopus curator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,curator,,,,,"Lehr, Moravec & Cusi, 2012",This is likely to be a junior synonym of Phrynopus tribulosus (E. Lehr and R. von May pers. comm. December 2017). 78534606,Phrynopus lechriorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,lechriorhynchus,,,,,"Trueb & Lehr, 2008", 78538635,Pristimantis bustamante,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bustamante,,,,,"Chaparro, Motta, Gutiérrez & Padial, 2012", 78548402,Pristimantis mariaelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,mariaelenae,,,,,"Venegas & Duellman, 2012", 78554347,Pristimantis royi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,royi,,,,,"(Morales, 2007)", 78554375,Pristimantis stipa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,stipa,,,,,"Venegas & Duellman, 2012", 78586413,Telmatobius ventriflavum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,ventriflavum,,,,,"Catenazzi, Vargas García & Lehr, 2015", 78903218,Chimerella corleone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Chimerella,corleone,,,,,"Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher, 2014", 78968353,Hyloxalus italoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,italoi,,,,,"Páez-Vacas, Coloma & Santos, 2010",This is a split from the broader concept of Hyloxalus bocagei (Páez-Vacas et al. 2010). 79075394,Boana aguilari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,aguilari,,,,,"(Lehr, Faivovich & Jungfer, 2010)", 79076012,Boana tetete,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,tetete,,,,,"Caminer & Ron, 2014","In the Hypsiboas calcaratus complex and differentiable from H. alfaroi only by genetic markers or call (Caminer and Ron 2014). Some specimens collected from Madre de Dios and Ucayali Regions in southern Peru resemble this species (Padial et al. 2016), however they are thought to belong to an undescribed species from Clade G in the phylogeny provided by Caminer and Ron (2014) (O. Rojas Padilla pers. comm. 2018) and are excluded from this assessment. This species was moved to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). Meza-Joya et al. (2019) examined specimens identified as B. fasciata from Colombia and found them to be B. tetete and B. maculateralis." 88380860,Oreobates granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,granulosus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)",Oreobates granulosus has been revalidated and removed from synonymy of O. cruralis (Padial et al. 2008). 88428922,Pristimantis incomptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,incomptus,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1980)","This is a restricted concept of Pristimantis incomptus following the revalidation of Pristimantis kirklandi (Heinicke et al. 2007), which was previously placed in synonymy with this species." 88433018,Pristimantis pharangobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pharangobates,,,,,"(Duellman, 1978)",Pristimantis pharangobates has been revalidated and removed from synonymy of P. rhabdolaemus (Duellman and Lehr 2009). 88991897,Rhinella arequipensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,arequipensis,,,,,"(Vellard, 1959)","Historically, there has been some doubt over the distinctiveness of this taxon from Rhinella spinulosa (Gorham 1974, Córdova 1999). However, it is considered a distinct species from the broader concept of Rhinella spinulosa (Cei 1972, Cei 1980). 

Morphological and molecular studies are needed to clarify the distribution of Rhinella in southern Peru (R. Santa Cruz pers. comm. August 2018)." 88994050,Rhinella veraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,veraguensis,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)","This is a restricted concept of Rhinella veraguensis following the revalidation of R. leptoscelis, which was previously placed in synonymy with this species (Padial et al. 2009)." 89183310,Noblella madreselva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,madreselva,,,,,"Catenazzi, Uscapi, & von May, 2015", 185795,Hyloxalus aeruginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,aeruginosus,,,,,"(Duellman, 2004)",This species was first described as Colostethus aeruginosus by Duellman (2004) and subsequently transferred to Hyloxalus by Grant et al. (2006). 59912,Mesocnemis singularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Mesocnemis,singularis,,,,,"Karsch, 1891", 58834,Pseudophilautus decoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,decoris,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)","Named as Philautus decoris by Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda in 2005, the genus has been revised and replaced with Pseudophilautus by Li et al. in 2009." 78592616,Herennia agnarssoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,agnarssoni,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78592624,Herennia deelemanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,deelemanae,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78592643,Herennia etruscilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,etruscilla,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78592700,Herennia gagamba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,gagamba,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78592716,Herennia jernej,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,jernej,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78593033,Herennia milleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,milleri,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78594136,Herennia multipuncta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,multipuncta,,,,,"(Doleschall, 1859)",Very likely some of the subpopulations will have to be treated as new species in the future. 78594264,Herennia oz,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,oz,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78594275,Herennia papuana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,papuana,,,,,"Thorell, 1881", 78594308,Herennia sonja,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,sonja,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78594316,Herennia tone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Herennia,tone,,,,,"Kuntner, 2005", 78594404,Nephilengys malabarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephilengys,malabarensis,,,,,"(Walckenaer, 1842)", 78594471,Nephilengys papuana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephilengys,papuana,,,,,"Thorell, 1881", 80274449,Nephilingis livida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephilingis,livida,,,,,"(Vinson, 1863)", 22720878,Emberiza citrinella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,citrinella,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 89292178,Nephila antipodiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,antipodiana,,,,,"(Walckenaer, 1841)", 89292211,Nephila clavata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,clavata,,,,,"Koch, 1878", 89292313,Nephila clavipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,clavipes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 89292344,Nephila edulis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,edulis,,,,,"(Labillardière, 1799)", 89292340,Nephila constricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,constricta,,,,,"Karsch, 1879", 89292381,Trichonephila inaurata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Trichonephila,inaurata,,,,,"(Walckenaer, 1841)", 89292365,Trichonephila fenestrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Trichonephila,fenestrata,,,,,"(Thorell, 1859)","known from both sexes, illustrated." 85736989,Trichonephila komaci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Trichonephila,komaci,,,,,"(Kuntner & Coddington, 2009)","Known from both sexes, illustrated." 89292557,Nephila pilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,pilipes,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 89292633,Nephila plumipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,plumipes,,,,,"(Latreille, 1804)","Modern taxonomical research should reevaluate the potential species status of a population from Fiji and neighbour islands called Nephila tetragnathoides, here deemed as conspecific with N. plumides." 89292758,Trichonephila senegalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Trichonephila,senegalensis,,,,,"(Walckenaer, 1841)", 89292825,Nephila sexpunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,sexpunctata,,,,,"Giebel, 1867", 89292829,Nephila sumptuosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,sumptuosa,,,,,"Gerstäcker, 1873", 89292847,Nephila turneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARANEIDAE,Nephila,turneri,,,,,"Blackwall, 1833", 89296085,Platyrhaphe sp. nov. 1,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Platyrhaphe,sp. nov. 1,,,,,,"Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 9952. Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum) RMNH collection number 5004178" 89298205,Notharinia sp. nov. 'Khoe La',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Notharinia,sp. nov. 'Khoe La',,,,,,"Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14679. Type material deposited in RMNH
 (Netherlands Natural History Museum). RMNH collection number 5004176" 89293271,Anauchen informis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Anauchen,informis,,,,,"Vermeulen, Phung & Truong, 2007", 89298258,Notharinia sp. nov. 'Khoe La & Ong',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,PUPINIDAE,Notharinia,sp. nov. 'Khoe La & Ong',,,,,,Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14681. Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum) RMNH collection number 5004177 89295783,Cyclophorus sp. nov. 'Periomphalic furrow',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyclophorus,sp. nov. 'Periomphalic furrow',,,,,,This species possibly represents a distinct genus from Cyclophorus.

Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14693. Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum).RMNH collection number 5004182 89299396,Sesara sp. nov. 'Bai Voi',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICARIONIDAE,Sesara,sp. nov. 'Bai Voi',,,,,,"Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14689. Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum) RMNH collection number 5004179
" 89298432,"Macrochlamys sp. nov. 'White, umbilicate'",ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIOPHANTIDAE,Macrochlamys,"sp. nov. 'White, umbilicate'",,,,,,Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14688. Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum). RMNH collection number 5004173 89295807,Cyclophorus sp. nov. 'cave',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyclophorus,sp. nov. 'cave',,,,,,"This species possibly represents a distinct genus from Cyclophorus.

Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14684. Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum) RMNH collection number 5004181
" 89293331,Montapiculus pyramidalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Montapiculus,pyramidalis,,,,,"Vermeulen, Phung & Truong, 2007", 89294363,Acmella sp. nov. 'Ba Tai',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Acmella,sp. nov. 'Ba Tai',,,,,,Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14690. Type material will be deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum) 89293224,Acinolaemus carcharodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Acinolaemus,carcharodon,,,,,"Vermeulen, Phung & Truong, 2007", 89299198,Microcystina sp. nov. 'Kien Luong',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIOPHANTIDAE,Microcystina,sp. nov. 'Kien Luong',,,,,,"Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 9955[MS1] . Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum). RMNH collection number 5004174


" 89299048,Microcystina sp. nov. 'Ba Tai',ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIOPHANTIDAE,Microcystina,sp. nov. 'Ba Tai',,,,,,"Voucher specimen: coll. Vermeulen 14691. Type material deposited in RMNH (Netherlands Natural History Museum) RMNH collection number RMNH 5004175
" 22720990,Emberiza melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,melanocephala,,,,,"Scopoli, 1769", 89333777,Marmosops caucae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,caucae,,,,,"Thomas, 1900","The species was described by Thomas (1900) and considered a subspecies of M. impavidus by Cabrera (1958), until Diaz-Nieto et al. (2011) recognized it as a distinct, valid species. This has been later validated by Díaz-Nieto and Voss (2016), and Díaz Nieto et al. (2016) (but see Gardner and Creighton 2008, Astúa 2015). The taxon apparently includes (at least) two different forms (subspecies?), of which the names caucae and madescens can be used to tentatively assign each one (a northern clade M. caucae caucae, and a southern clade M. caucae madescens) (Díaz-Nieto et al. 2016)." 22721043,Plectrophenax nivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALCARIIDAE,Plectrophenax,nivalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 57312,Pseudopaludicola ceratophyes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pseudopaludicola,ceratophyes,,,,,"Rivero & Serna, 1985", 55027,Vitreorana parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,parvula,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)","This species was resurrected from synonymy by Heyer (1985). There are taxonomic problems, and it may be synonymous with Vitreorana uranoscapa (Brazilian Red List Assessment Workshop 2021). According to Guayasamin et al. (2009), Vitreorana parvula and V. uranoscopa are hypothesized to be close relatives, and therefore synonymous, with V. eurygnatha." 58196,Amnirana galamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,galamensis,,,,,"(Dumeril & Bibron, 1841)",Systematists have long suggested that easternmost populations of this taxon likely correspond to a valid species (D. Blackburn pers. comm. 2012). 58192,Amnirana albolabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,albolabris,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1856)",This species probably comprises more than one species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). 58195,Amnirana darlingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,darlingi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 58197,Amnirana lemairei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,lemairei,,,,,"(De Witte, 1921)", 58198,Amnirana lepus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,lepus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1903)", 58281,Bijurana nicobariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Bijurana,nicobariensis,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)","The species named Fejervarya nicobariensis in the 2004 and 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species was in fact this species, then known as Hylarana nicobariensis. The true Fejervarya nicobariensis was inadvertently omitted from the 2004 and 2006 IUCN Red Lists. 

This species was previously in the genus Amnirana, moved to Bijurana for a brief time (Chandramouli et al. 2020), and then moved to the genus Indosylvirana (Chan et al. 2020).

This species is named from the Nicobar Islands, and it is very likely that the animals on these islands will prove to be different from the populations in Southeast Asia (I. Das pers. comm. 2004). In addition, the animals designated as Hylarana nicobariensis in the Thai-Malay Peninsula are a very different taxon from the 'nicobariensis' in Java and Bali, Indonesia." 41202,Papurana daemeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,daemeli,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1868)",This is the only species of the Ranidae family in Australia. 58590,Papurana elberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,elberti,,,,,"(Roux, 1911)","We depart from the taxonomy of Amphibian Species of the World, and treat Limnonectes timorensis here as a synonym of this species following Iskandar and Colijn (2000). This form might be the same species as Hylarana florensis (D. Iskandar pers. comm.)." 58551,Indosylvirana aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Indosylvirana,aurantiaca,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)","The population in Sri Lanka assigned to Hylarana aurantiaca probably belongs to an undescribed species (S.D. Biju and K. Manamendra-Arachchi pers. comm.). However, pending taxonomic revision, H. aurantiaca is treated here as a single species." 58733,Indosylvirana temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Indosylvirana,temporalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","The population in the Western Ghats assigned to Hylarana temporalis probably belongs to an undescribed species (S.D. Biju and K. Manamendra-Arachchi pers. comm.). Pending taxonomic revision, H. temporalis is treated here as a single species." 58704,Chalcorana raniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,raniceps,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)","We consider Hylarana raniceps to be separate from H. chalconota following Dubois (1992). We restrict the range of H. raniceps to Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, northern and western Sumatra and the Andaman islands until further taxonomic studies provide clarification of the range of H. raniceps and H. chalconota." 58712,Chalcorana scutigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,scutigera,,,,,"(Andersson, 1916)","This species is based on a single specimen that exhibits characteristics of Polypedates. Taylor (1962) came close to synonymising it with P. leucomystax, but had no access to the type specimen and tentatively retained it as a distinct species." 58582,Sylvirana cubitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,cubitalis,,,,,"(Smith, 1917)", 58681,Sylvirana nigrovittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,nigrovittata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)","The name nigrovittata encompasses a complex of more than one species with at least three distinct morphs (Smith 1922; Stuart 1999). Further taxonomic studies of the specimen(s) collected in India and assigned to this species are required. Believed to be a taxonomic complex in both Vietnam (T. Nguyen pers. comm., October 2013) and Thailand (S. Phimmachak pers. comm., October 2013), which needs to be resolved." 58657,Hydrophylax malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hydrophylax,malabaricus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)", 54880,Dendrophryniscus proboscideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Dendrophryniscus,proboscideus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",There are concerns that Dendrophryniscus skuki may be synonymous with this species (V.G. Dill Orrico and M. Sole pers. comm. 2021). 81082829,Triaenops parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Triaenops,parvus,,,,,"Benda & Vallo, 2009",This species has been split from Triaenops persicus by Benda and Vallo (2009). 81633088,Miniopterus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,pallidus,,,,,"Thomas, 1907","Previously, Miniopterus pallidus was included as a subspecies of Miniopterus schreibersii. It has now been raised to species level (Simmons and Cirranello 2020)." 136722,Crocidura ramona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,ramona,,,,,"Ivanitskaya, Shenbrot & Nevo, 1996",The species differs in chromosome number and some cranial characteristics from Crocidura suaveolens. 89497187,Dasyprocta croconota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,croconota,,,,,"Wagler, 1831","Dasyprocta croconota Wagler, 1831 “Brasilia ad flumen Amazonum” emended by Iack-Ximenes (1999) to Santarém, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil.  Thomas 1923 previously recognized this species as a subspecies of  D. aguti [D. leporina herein] This species is monotypic.   " 89497716,Dasyprocta variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,variegata,,,,,"Goldman, 1913", 89500100,Elattoneura lindleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,lindleyi,,,,,"Legrand, 1980","Originally, Elattoneura lindleyi was described as a wholly black subspecies of the reddish E. acuta, but now it is considered a good species." 89501454,Platycypha angolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,angolensis,,,,,"Longfield, 1959", 22710325,Oenanthe deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,deserti,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22718630,Prunella montanella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,montanella,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 22679460,Lagopus lagopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lagopus,lagopus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 89531729,Dasyprocta iacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DASYPROCTIDAE,Dasyprocta,iacki,,,,,"Feijó and Langguth, 2013", 22686856,Apus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,affinis,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 89564278,Anonyxmolytes lilliput,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Anonyxmolytes,lilliput,,,,,"Meregalli & Osella, 2007","

Anonyxmolytes lilliput is the only species of the genus Anonyxmolytes, which is restricted to the Hon Chong limestone hills (Meregalli and Osella 2007), possibly extending into nearby areas in Cambodia (Deharveng pers. comm). It is well characterized within the subfamily Molytinae, and unique among Curculionidae by the extreme reduction of its tarsi. It is a blind species of low vagility, associated with deep soil, and highly specialized, probably very sensitive to change in the habitat conditions (deforestation, changes in the water-content of the soil, etc.). It is possibly related to a Japanese genus, and appears to be a relict taxon of high phylogenetic and biogeographic interest (Meregalli, Pers. Comm.).

" 22694013,Vanellus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,indicus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 89575347,Delamarephorura tami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,PODUROMORPHA,TULLBERGIIDAE,Delamarephorura,tami,,,,,"Janion, Deharveng & Weiner, 2013","The genus Delamarephorura contains few species and occurs in Africa and in Viet Nam (Janion et al. 2013). Delamarephorura tami is one of the two Vietnamese species of the genus in Viet Nam, the other one being a littoral form described known from Binh Chau beach. The genus has so far not provided other species from Viet Nam, contrary to several other Tullbergiidae genera." 22683027,Alcedo atthis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,atthis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 89579216,Eustra honchongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Eustra,honchongensis,,,,,"Deuve, 1996","

Eustra honchongensis belongs to a genus including species which are all rare and narrowly endemic in Southeast Asia (Deuve, 1996).

" 89580988,Lepidonella lecongkieti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,ENTOMOBRYOMORPHA,PARONELLIDAE,Lepidonella,lecongkieti,,,,,"Deharveng & Bedos, 1995","Lepidonella lecongkieti is the only species of the tropical genus Lepidonella known to be cave-restricted. It exhibits clear troglomorphic traits and is the only cave Paronellidae known from Viet Nam so far (Deharveng & Bedos, 1995)." 89581366,Eutrichodesmus griseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYDESMIDA,HAPLODESMIDAE,Eutrichodesmus,griseus,,,,,"Golovatch, Geoffroy, Mauriès & VandenSpiegel, 2009","

Eutrichodesmus griseus belongs to a genus that includes a large number of species in Southeast Asia, mostly in caves and all narrow endemics. It is unusual morphologically compared to its congeners, because of its greyish coloration. E. griseus is the only species of the genus in the Hon Chong region (Golovatch et al., 2009).

 

" 7950,Equus grevyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE,Equus,grevyi,,,,,"Oustalet, 1882","Groves (2002) provisionally listed two subspecies of Grevy's Zebra. However, Groves and Bell (2004) concluded that the species is indeed monotypic. Reviewed by Churcher (1993)." 22720960,Emberiza rustica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,rustica,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22679862,Cygnus columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cygnus,columbianus,,,,,"(Ord, 1815)", 89652199,Gnomulus bedoharvengorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,ONCOPODIDAE,Gnomulus,bedoharvengorum,,,,,"Schwendinger & Martens, 2006","

Gnomulus bedoharvengorum is a species of the large Indo-Malayan genus Gnomulus. The Hon Chong species is biologically of interest because of its occurrence in caves and rarer occurrence in surface litter under bushes, while most other species of the genus live in rainforest litter. It appears as a relictual form in this respect.

" 89656504,Isometrus deharvengi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCORPIONES,BUTHIDAE,Isometrus,deharvengi,,,,,"Lourenço & Duhem, 2010","Isometrus deharvengi belongs to the rather large genus Isometrus, which is known from Vietnam and surrounding countries by several species (Lourenço & Duhem, 2010). All species of the genus except one have reduced distribution areas. The presence of I. deharvengi in caves is unusual for the genus Isometrus, though the species is not troglomorphic." 22692907,Fulica cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,cristata,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 89257106,Xenopus allofraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,allofraseri,,,,,"Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias, & Blackburn, 2015",This species was previously confused with Xenopus fraseri prior to its description (Evans et al. 2015). 89257274,Xenopus parafraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,parafraseri,,,,,"Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias, & Blackburn, 2015",This species was previously confused with Xenopus fraseri prior to its description (Evans et al. 2015). 89690780,Folsomides anops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,ENTOMOBRYOMORPHA,ISOTOMIDAE,Folsomides,anops,,,,,"Deharveng, Bedos & Lukic, 2020","

Folsomides sp. nov. 'HC - blind' is a new undescribed species of Isotomidae Collembola. The genus Folsomides is poorly diversified in the tropics, but its three widespread are possibly the most abundant pantropical Collembola. The presence of a blind and well characterized species in a cave of Hon Chong was quite unexpected.


Species under description by Louis Deharveng and Anne Bedos, vouchers in MNHN Paris (3 specimens), to be deposited in Ho Chi Minh City University and MNHN Paris

" 89690813,Microblattellus lecongmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Microblattellus,lecongmani,,,,,"Ferrer, 2006","

Microblattellus lecongmani is a remarkable species, the only species of the genus Microblattellus. The new tribe Falsocossyphini was erected to accomodate it together with two other monospecific genera (Ferrer 2006). The unusual morphology of those species casts doubts on the monophyly of this tribe, but not on the originality of the species it includes (Bremer & Lillig 2014). It has therefore to be considered as one of the most remarkable endemic species of Hon Chong, and a major issue regarding biodiversity conservation, though the species is less strongly threatened than many others from the Hon Chong-Kampot karst.

" 89694347,Acrocyrtus sp. nov. 'HC - blind',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,ENTOMOBRYOMORPHA,ENTOMOBRYIDAE,Acrocyrtus,sp. nov. 'HC - blind',,,,,,"

Species under description by Louis Deharveng, Marko Lukic and Anne Bedos, vouchers in MNHN Paris (6 specimens), to be deposited in Ho Chi Minh City University and MNHN Paris.

Acrocyrtus sp. nov. 'HC - blind' is a new undescribed species of Entomobryidae Collembola provisionally assigned to the genus Acrocyrtus. This genus is widespread and well diversified in Southeast Asia, and has several new species in the Hon Chong area. A. sp. nov. 'HC - blind' would be the only blind and the only troglobitic species of the genus

" 89694911,Sumatrillo sp. nov. 'HC - blind',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,ARMADILLIDAE,Sumatrillo,sp. nov. 'HC - blind',,,,,,"

The species is the first representative of the genus Sumatrillo outside Sumatra from where two species are known, and the only troglomorphic species of Oniscidea (blind and unpigmented) in Hon Chong.

" 89695201,Blasconura batai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,PODUROMORPHA,NEANURIDAE,Blasconura,batai,,,,,"Bedos & Deharveng, 2000","

Blasconura batai is the only known Vietnamese species of the large Southeast Asian genus Blasconura (Bedos & Deharveng, 2000).

" 89695351,Burmoniscus sp. nov. 'HC - first segment white',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,ISOPODA,PHILOSCIIDAE,Burmoniscus,sp. nov. 'HC - first segment white',,,,,,"

Species under description by Stefano Taiti and Giovanna Monticelli Cardoso (May 2016), vouchers in Firenze (1 specimen), and 2 specimens to be deposited in MNHN Paris (Taiti 2016, pers. comm.).

" 89695701,Ceratophysella sp. nov. 'HC',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,PODUROMORPHA,HYPOGASTRURIDAE,Ceratophysella,sp. nov. 'HC',,,,,,"

Species under description by Louis Deharveng and Anne Bedos, vouchers in MNHN Paris (6 specimens), to be deposited in Ho Chi Minh City University and MNHN Paris.

Ceratophysella sp. nov. 'HC' is a new undescribed species of Hypogastruridae Collembola, assumed to be related to temperate region species of the genus. Its is a remarkable relict restricted to one cave of the Hon Chong hills, and the only non-guanobitic cave Hypogastruridae known from the tropics.

" 82493101,Hyla molleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,molleri,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1889","This was previously considered a subspecies of Hyla arborea, until it was elevated to species status by Stöck et al. (2008)." 136131,Calotriton arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Calotriton,arnoldi,,,,,"Carranza & Amat, 2005", 8371,Euproctus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Euproctus,platycephalus,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)", 58715,Pelophylax shqipericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,shqipericus,,,,,"(Hotz, Uzzell, Guenther, Tunner & Heppich, 1987)","Although Schneider and Haxhiu (1994) had difficulty distinguishing the voice of Pelophylaxa shqipericus from that of P. lessonae, morphology, allozymes, mtDNA sequences, and crossing experiments all indicate that P. shqipericus is very distinct from P. lessonae. Its relationships with other western Palearctic water frogs are less clear (T. Uzzell pers. comm.). This species does not make hybridogenetic hybrids (Guerrini et al. 1997)." 19183,Rana pyrenaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,pyrenaica,,,,,"Serra-Cobo, 1993", 20459,Speleomantes supramontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,supramontis,,,,,"(Lanza, Nascetti & Bullini, 1986)", 979,Alytes dickhilleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Alytes,dickhilleni,,,,,"Arntzen & García-París, 1995", 977,Alytes muletensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Alytes,muletensis,,,,,"(Sanchiz & Adrover, 1979)", 20456,Speleomantes genei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,genei,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)",There are two well-differentiated clades (a northern one and a southern one); their genetic difference is similar to that separating the other species of European cave salamanders (Carranza et al. 2007). 4657,Chioglossa lusitanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Chioglossa,lusitanica,,,,,"Bocage, 1864","Two distinct subspecies are recognized, Chioglossa lusitanica lusitanica and C. l. longipes (Arntzen et al. 2007)." 61918,Lyciasalamandra helverseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lyciasalamandra,helverseni,,,,,"(Pieper, 1963)","This species was separated from Lyciasalamandra luschani by Veith and Steinfartz (2004).

The three main recognised phyloclades are highly differentiated from each other, despite relatively small geographical distances among them (Veith et al. 2020)." 58592,Pelophylax epeiroticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,epeiroticus,,,,,"(Schneider, Sofianidou & Kyriakopoulou-Sklavounou, 1984)",This species does not produce hybridogenetic hybrids (Guerrini et al. 1997). 19845,Salamandra lanzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandra,lanzai,,,,,"Nascetti, Capula & Bullini, 1988", 20455,Speleomantes flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,flavus,,,,,"(Stefani, 1969)", 135825,Speleomantes sarrabusensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,sarrabusensis,,,,,"Lanza, Leo, Forti, Cimmaruta, Caputo & Nascetti, 2001","Lanza et al. (2001) described this taxon as a subspecies of Speleomantes imperialis, but it was elevated to species status by Carranza et al. (2007)." 178591974,Alytes obstetricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Alytes,obstetricans,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Alytes almogavarii, which was previously considered to be a subspecies (Dufresnes and Martínez-Solano 2020)." 54703,Sclerophrys mauritanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,mauritanica,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1841)","Padial and De la Riva (2004) tentatively consider all  Bufo regularis and Bufo mauritanicus records from the Adrar as Bufo xeros [all now under Sclerophrys]." 55270,Discoglossus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Discoglossus,pictus,,,,,"Otth, 1837","Most Moroccan populations previously considered to belong to this species are now separated as Discoglossus scovazzi (García-París and Jockusch 1999, Fromhage et al. 2004, Vences et al. 2014). North African populations have historically been regarded as a separate subspecies, Discoglossus pictus auritus, from those on European islands. There is, however, little genetic divergence between European and North African groups, and Zangari et al. (2006) considers the species monotypic." 55271,Discoglossus sardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Discoglossus,sardus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1837", 55272,Discoglossus scovazzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Discoglossus,scovazzi,,,,,"Camerano, 1878","This species was removed from the synonymy of Discoglossus pictus (García-París and Jockusch 1999, Fromhage et al. 2004, Vences et al. 2014)." 54598,Epidalea calamita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Epidalea,calamita,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)", 59449,Euproctus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Euproctus,montanus,,,,,"(Savi, 1838)", 59475,Lissotriton helveticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lissotriton,helveticus,,,,,"(Razoumowsky, 1789)", 59476,Lissotriton italicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lissotriton,italicus,,,,,"(Peracca, 1898)", 59478,Lissotriton montandoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lissotriton,montandoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1880)",Carpathian Newt was recently confirmed to be a closely related sister species to Lissotriton vulgaris and a member of the proposed Smooth Newt or Lissotriton vulgaris species complex (Wielstra et al. 2018). 59472,Ichthyosaura alpestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Ichthyosaura,alpestris,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)", 172313717,Pelobates syriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELOBATIDAE,Pelobates,syriacus,,,,,"Boettger, 1889",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this species (which as now defined contains the subspecies Pelobates syriacus syriacus and P. s. boettgeri) and Pelobates balcanicus (Dufresnes et al. 2019). 173111497,Pelodytes punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODYTIDAE,Pelodytes,punctatus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Pelodytes atlanticus (Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2017). It was thought that subpopulations in low and mid-elevation montane areas of eastern and central Spain did actually belong to P. hespericus (Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2017), however the two species are thought to be conspecific (Dufresnes et al. 2020)." 58055,Pelodytes ibericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODYTIDAE,Pelodytes,ibericus,,,,,"Sánchez-Herráiz, Barbadillo, Machordom & Sanchiz, 2000",This species was previously included within Pelodytes punctatus. Further systematic studies are required to more clearly determine the distribution of P. ibericus. 58560,Pelophylax bergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,bergeri,,,,,"(Günther in Engelmann, Fritzsche, Günther & Obst, 1986)",It has been suggested that this is probably a subspecies of Pelophylax lessonae (Crochet and Dubois 2004). 58637,Pelophylax kurtmuelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,kurtmuelleri,,,,,"(Gayda, 1940)","The name Rana balcanica is occasionally used, but this is a junior synonym of Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Dubois and Ohler 1995). P.-A. Crochet (pers. comm.) mentions that there is no genetic divergence between Pelophylax kurtmuelleri and P. ridibundus, and so the status of this species is doubtful (Crochet and Dubois 2004)." 58707,Pelophylax saharicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,saharicus,,,,,"(Boulenger in Hartert, 1913)","Prior to Uzzell (1982) (who provisionally resurrected the name), this species was considered to be a synonym of Pelophylax perezi, or, following Pasteur and Bons (1959), a synonym of P. ridibundus. Although northwest African members of the ""P. esculentus"" complex are here tentatively regarded as P. saharicus, Hemmer, Konrad and Bachmann (1980), suggested that two species were hybridizing in North Africa. Steinwarz and Schneider (1991), considered it probable that P. saharicus is a junior synonym of P. perezi.

Cryptic diversity possibly exists in the Libyan subpopulation (Ibrahim 2013). Nicolas et al. (2014) found their sampled populations from Morocco and Algeria to be genetically distinct, suggesting divergence along the Moulouya River valley dating back approximately 2.6 Mya. Some mitochondrial differentiation has been found between northern and southern populations in Morocco (Lansari et al. 2015). Arano et al. (1998) previously found an east-west pattern of allozyme divergence between the subspecies P. s. saharicus and P. s. rioderoi." 173101508,Rana temporaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,temporaria,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Rana parvipalmata (Dufresnes et al. 2020). 19843,Salamandra atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandra,atra,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768","Four subspecies have been described: Salamandra atra atra; S. a. aurorae; S. a. prenjensis; and S. a. pasobiensis. The status of these subspecies remains questionable. S. a. prenjensis is often not considered to be valid. S. a. aurorae has been sometimes considered to be a separate species. Joger (1996), using serum proteins, showed significant differences, and he proposed the elevation of S. a. aurorae to a full species. Veith et al. (1998), analyzing mitDNA of S. a. aurorae did not find any significant difference. Riberon et al. (2001) indicate a complex pattern of divergence for the alpine populations, without reaching or stressing any taxonomic consequences." 59465,Salamandra corsica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandra,corsica,,,,,"Savi, 1838", 59468,Salamandrina terdigitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandrina,terdigitata,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1789)",We follow Mattoccia et al. (2005) and Canestrelli et al. (2006) in separating Salamandrina perspicillata from S. terdigitata. 136135,Salamandrina perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Salamandrina,perspicillata,,,,,"(Savi, 1821)",We follow Mattoccia et al. (2005) and Canestrelli et al. (2006) in separating Salamandrina perspicillata from S. terdigitata. 214696589,Triturus carnifex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Triturus,carnifex,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Some of the subpopulations north of the Alps, in Austria and Germany, show degrees of hybridisation with Triturus cristatus; T. carnifex is not included in the German list as all populations are considered hybrids. The exact ranges of members of the Triturus cristatus superspecies are unclear in the central Balkans. Former subspecies macedonicus has been split off as a separate species following Arntzen et al. (2007)." 59477,Triturus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Triturus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Latreille, 1800)", 59448,Calotriton asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Calotriton,asper,,,,,"(Dugès, 1852)",We follow Carranza and Amat (2005) in transferring this species from Euproctus to the genus Calotriton. 6714,Discoglossus montalentii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Discoglossus,montalentii,,,,,"Lanza, Nascetti, Capula & Bullini, 1984", 20454,Speleomantes ambrosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,ambrosii,,,,,"(Lanza, 1955)", 20457,Speleomantes imperialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,imperialis,,,,,"(Stefani, 1969)","Lanza et al. (2001) described Speleomantes imperialis sarrabusensis, but it was elevated to full species status by Carranza et al. (2007)." 20458,Speleomantes italicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,italicus,,,,,"(Dunn, 1923)", 59405,Speleomantes strinatii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Speleomantes,strinatii,,,,,"(Aellen, 1958)", 22216,Triturus dobrogicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Triturus,dobrogicus,,,,,"(Kiritzescu, 1903)","The exact ranges of members of the Triturus cristatus superspecies are unclear in the central Balkans because of narrow or extensive areas of hybridization. Two isolated subspecies have been described, occurring to the east and west of the Iron Gates of the Danube." 59479,Triturus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Triturus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Wolterstorff, 1905)", 152320185,Scleropages formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Scleropages,formosus,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1840)","Until 2003, all Scleropages from Southeast Asia were considered to belong to the same species; S. formosus. In 2003 Pouyaud et al., considered there to actually be four species, three of which they described as new (S. aureus, S. legendrei, S. macrocephalus). Kottelat and Widjanarti (2005) reviewed the published data and did not reach the same conclusions from the quality of the data presented, and in order for more than one species to be recognised, a professional standard study would need to be presented. In 2012, a new species (S. incriptus) was described from Myanmar (Roberts 2012)." 169511,Parakysis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Parakysis,longirostris,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 1995", 181129,Parambassis siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,siamensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 180940,Pseudomystus leiacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,leiacanthus,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1912)",This species was described from the Indragiri River drainage at Rengat and Taluk in central Sumatra (Weber and de Beaufort 1912). 180813,Nemacheilus selangoricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,selangoricus,,,,,"Duncker, 1904","Records of N. selangoricus from Borneo are misidentifications." 180831,Channa lucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,lucius,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 180782,Channa melasoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,melasoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 172432,Channa micropeltes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,micropeltes,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 181236,Clarias nieuhofii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,nieuhofii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840","This species was described from the East Indies based on a holotype by Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1840). This species is traditionally thought to be the only species of very elongate Clarias found in Southeast Asia, although recent studies have shown that material from throughout Southeast Asia (particularly in Borneo and the Malay Peninsula) previously thought to be this species consists of several morphologically similar species (e.g. Sudarto et al. 2004). Clarias gilli Smith & Seale 1906, described from the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines, is considered a junior synonym of this species (Ng 1999)." 181230,Pangio semicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,semicincta,,,,,"(Fraser-Brunner, 1940)", 70032288,Barbodes banksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,banksi,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)", 180977,Barbodes lateristriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,lateristriga,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 181219,Barbodes rhombeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,rhombeus,,,,,"(Kottelat, 2000)", 166914,Barbonymus gonionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,gonionotus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 181160,Barbonymus schwanefeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,schwanefeldii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 169519,Boraras maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Boraras,maculatus,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 181284,Cyclocheilichthys apogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,apogon,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 180750,Osteochilus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,vittatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 181024,Puntigrus partipentazona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntigrus,partipentazona,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 180947,Rasbora borapetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,borapetensis,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 169532,Rasbora elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,elegans,,,,,"Volz, 1903",This species may represent a species complex that comprises several species each residing in a different geographical region. 180970,Rasbora paucisqualis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,paucisqualis,,,,,"Ahl, 1935", 188012,Tor tambra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,tambra,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","This species has often been identified as Tor douronensis in the Mekong basin, which is a synonym (Zhou and Cui 1996; Kottelat 2000, 2001). There are indications that more than one species are confused under the name Tor tambra (Kottelat, pers. comm., 2011), and research is required to confirm the taxonomic status of populations across the species range." 188098,Trigonostigma heteromorpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Trigonostigma,heteromorpha,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 169540,Oxyeleotris urophthalmoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,urophthalmoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","The generic placement of this taxa is unresolved, but it is not thought to belong in Oxyeleotris. Taxonomic work is ongoing (Hoese D. pers. comm. 2018)." 194307,Elops hawaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,ELOPIDAE,Elops,hawaiensis,,,,,"Regan, 1909","

Elops machnata and E. hawaiensis occur sympatrically in the Western Pacific and possibly the Hawaiian Islands, so further research appears warranted. In Japan, for example, Sato and Yasuda (1980) claim that E. machnata historically reported in the region are misidentifications of E. hawaiensis.

" 180841,Brachygobius sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Brachygobius,sabanus,,,,,"Inger, 1958",This species may be mixed in with Brachygobius doriae in museum collections. 181303,Eugnathogobius siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eugnathogobius,siamensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 196326,Glossogobius aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,aureus,,,,,"Akihito & Meguro, 1975","This species has previously been confused with Glossogobius giuris and other species in Papua New Guinea (and elsewhere) (Akihito and Meguro 1975, Hoese and Allen 2009)." 180644,Pseudogobiopsis oligactis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudogobiopsis,oligactis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1875)", 181282,Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,pogonognathus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","A DNA barcoding study by Lim et al. (2016) on the genus Hemirhamphodon suggests that H. progonognathus could be considered as a species complex and likely consists of at least two distinct species. They propose that H. pogonognathus from Kelantan has the potential of being a new species record. They recommend further study that includes combined molecular and morphological approaches and population level analyses with large sample sizes to clarify Hemirhamphodon taxonomy." 180801,Macrognathus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,maculatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)",The taxonomic status of populations from across the species range requires confirmation. 180788,Nandus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Nandus,nebulosus,,,,,"(Gray, 1835)","This name of this species was made available from an illustration of a specimen from an unknown locality in Gray (1835). Despite the absence of a well-defined type locality and the subsequent discovery of other congeners within the known distribution of this species, the illustration clearly displays the characteristic blunt snout of this species that leaves little doubt as to its identity.  Nandus borneensis is considered a junior synonym of this species (Ng et al. 1996)." 181333,Betta imbellis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,imbellis,,,,,"Ladiges, 1975", 2778,Betta tomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,tomi,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1994", 180720,Osphronemus goramy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Osphronemus,goramy,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 187981,Trichopodus trichopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopodus,trichopterus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)","The genus Trichopodus was recently considered valid from popular synonym Trichogaster. Its previous family; Belontiidae was merged into Osphronemidae based on phylogenetic research undertaken by R. Britz (pers. comm. 2011)." 187906,Trichopsis vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopsis,vittata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1831)", 169541,Ompok leiacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,leiacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 89806649,Puntigrus tetrazona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntigrus,tetrazona,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 89806663,Rasbora bankanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,bankanensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)",This species might contain several species complexes (Kottelat et al. 1993). 89806680,Rasbora cephalotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,cephalotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 89806694,Rasbora einthovenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,einthovenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 89806723,Trigonopoma gracile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Trigonopoma,gracile,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1991)", 181107,Trigonopoma pauciperforatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Trigonopoma,pauciperforatum,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)","Liao et al. (2010) have erected a new genus, Trigonopoma, for two species previously classified in the genus Rasbora, which are currently valid as Trigonopoma agile and Trigonopoma pauciperforatum. " 89807094,Pangio muraeniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,muraeniformis,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1933)", 89807166,Chromobotia macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Chromobotia,macracanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 180709,Mystus castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,castaneus,,,,,"Ng, 2002","This species was described from the Sadong River in Sarawak (western Borneo; Ng 2002). In the older literature, this species has often been misidentified as either M. micracanthus or M. nigriceps." 89808075,Hemibagrus capitulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,capitulum,,,,,"(Popta, 1906)", 89808589,Clarias leiacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,leiacanthus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 89808666,Monopterus javanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,javanensis,,,,,"Lacepède, 1800",This is a poorly defined species taxonomically and likely represents a species complex (Kottelat 2013). 89808829,Dermogenys collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,collettei,,,,,"Meisner, 2001","The genus Dermogenys was revised by Meisner (2001). Before this, several species of Dermogenys were placed in synonymy with Dermogenys pusilla, which led to the extensive use of D. pusilla in museum collections and throughout the literature. This species was identified as D. pusilla populations from Binton, Singapore and Johor with Type I form of halfbeak viviparity." 89808868,Datnioides microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DATNIOIDIDAE,Datnioides,microlepis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1854", 89808895,Gobiopterus birtwistlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopterus,birtwistlei,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)",The genus Gobiopterus is currently under revision and many species names are uncertain. 89808916,Betta pugnax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,pugnax,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)", 89808937,Luciocephalus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Luciocephalus,pulcher,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 89808951,Sphaerichthys osphromenoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Sphaerichthys,osphromenoides,,,,,"Canestrini, 1860", 169528,Akysis hendricksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,hendricksoni,,,,,"Alfred, 1966", 180836,Mystus singaringan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,singaringan,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)","This species was described from western Java (Bleeker 1846), and has been previously confused with (and misidentified as) M. nigriceps in earlier literature. The conspecificity of the populations from Sundaic and mainland Southeast Asia await further verification." 180681,Pseudomystus stenomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,stenomus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 180922,Homaloptera ogilviei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,ogilviei,,,,,"Alfred, 1967", 181256,Homaloptera parclitella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,parclitella,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005","Earlier misidentified as Homaloptera orthogoniata." 180686,Nemacheilus masyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,masyae,,,,,"Smith, 1933", 187889,Xenentodon canciloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Xenentodon,canciloides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 181238,Channa marulioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,marulioides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 180998,Aperioptus molobrion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Aperioptus,molobrion,,,,,"(Siebert, 1991)","Described by Siebert (1991) based on types from Kalimantan. Rainboth (1996) considered it likely that the species is a synonym of Acanthopsoides hapalias Siebert 1991, as the species was differentiated from hapalias primarily by geographical distribution. Considered a valid species by subsequent authors.

Siebert (1991) suggests that the species may be a complex, and further taxonomic work is required." 181193,Acantopsis dialuzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Acantopsis,dialuzona,,,,,"van Hasselt, 1823",Rainboth (1996) reported that the species was undergoing taxonomic revision. 181237,Pangio cuneovirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,cuneovirgata,,,,,"(Raut, 1957)","Acanthophthalmus robiginosus and Pangio robiginosus are questionably synonyms - Burridge (1992) considers these to be junior synonyms, however Kottelat and Lim (1993) predict that once fresh material becomes available, P. robiginosus will turn out to be a valid species." 181305,Pangio filinaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,filinaris,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1993", 181162,Crossocheilus oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,oblongus,,,,,"Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1823", 180861,Cyclocheilichthys repasson,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,repasson,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 181231,Luciosoma setigerum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Luciosoma,setigerum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 180985,Osteochilus melanopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,melanopleura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 180653,Osteochilus microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,microcephalus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 181311,Parachela maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parachela,maculicauda,,,,,"(Smith, 1934)", 181074,Rasbora caudimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,caudimaculata,,,,,"Volz, 1903","Specimens from peninsular Thailand and the Mekong referring to this species differ significantly from material from Indonesia, the type locality, and with material from Thailand and Cambodia also differing (C. Vidthayanon. pers. comm. 2012)." 166864,Rasbora trilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,trilineata,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870",



180770,Brachygobius xanthomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Brachygobius,xanthomelas,,,,,"Herre, 1937", 180888,Mastacembelus erythrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,erythrotaenia,,,,,"Bleeker, 1850", 181094,Mastacembelus favus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,favus,,,,,"Hora, 1924", 157719927,Chitala lopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Chitala,lopis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","This species is considered endemic to Java, and previous records of this species from throughout the rest of Southeast Asia refer to other species (Kottelat and Widjanarti 2005)." 180981,Pangasius nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,nasutus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 180701,Phalacronotus apogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Phalacronotus,apogon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","This species was described from Banjarmasin (within the lower Barito River drainage) in southern Borneo (Bleeker 1851). In earlier literature, it has been assigned to the genus Kryptopterus, although Rainboth (1996) assigned it to the genus Micronema, and more recent references (e.g. Ferraris 2007) have placed in the genus Phalacronotus. There is a possibility that the mainland and Sundaic Southeast Asian species represent different species, but this awaits verification." 187996,Vaillantella maassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,VAILLANTELLIDAE,Vaillantella,maassi,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1912", 89820359,Brevibora cheeya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Brevibora,cheeya,,,,,"Liao & Tan, 2011", 180797,Labiobarbus leptocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labiobarbus,leptocheilus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","The species is often placed in Dangila (Rainboth 1996)." 89821023,Mystacoleucus obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,obtusirostris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 89821079,Osteochilus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,scapularis,,,,,"Fowler, 1939","Osteochilus scapularis Fowler 1939 has been treated as a junior synonym of Osteochilus enneaporos (Bleeker 1852) by Roberts (1989) and Karnasuta (1993). Nevertheless, Tan and Kottelat (2009) has pointed out that Roberts's (1989) and Karnasuta's (1993) descriptions and illustrations do not agree with Bleeker's (1852) description, while the materials of Tan and Kottelat (2009) agree with Fowler's (1939) description of Osteochilus scapularis as well as the descriptions of Roberts's and Karnasuta's. Therefore, the materials used by Roberts (1989) and Karnasuta (1993) should belong to Osteochilus scapularis Fowler 1939, while the name Osteochilus enneaporos (Bleeker 1852) should be assigned to a species likely with a much narrower range in West Sumatra." 89821140,Rasbora dusonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,dusonensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 89821190,Rasbora kalochroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,kalochroma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 89821502,Balitoropsis zollingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitoropsis,zollingeri,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 89821586,Homalopteroides nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopteroides,nebulosus,,,,,"(Alfred, 1969)", 187951,Homalopteroides tweediei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopteroides,tweediei,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)", 89822972,Leiocassis poeciloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,poeciloptera,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 89823163,Mystus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,nigriceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 162218102,Nanobagrus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Nanobagrus,fuscus,,,,,"(Popta, 1904)", 89823871,Akysis microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,microps,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 1999", 89824307,Parosphromenus alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,alfredi,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 2005", 180966,Achiroides melanorhijnchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Achiroides,melanorhijnchus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 196328,Glossogobius celebius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,celebius,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","Glossogobius celebius was re-described by Hoese and Allen (2011)." 21168,Speonectes tiomanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Speonectes,tiomanensis,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1990)", 89825414,Glossogobius illimis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,illimis,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2012", 180811,Devario regina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,regina,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 181147,Rasbora paviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,paviana,,,,,"Tirant, 1885", 180928,Mastacembelus tinwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,tinwini,,,,,"Britz, 2007", 89848082,Ompok siluroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,siluroides,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803", 89848209,Plusioglyphiulus boutini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,CAMBALOPSIDAE,Plusioglyphiulus,boutini,,,,,"Mauriès, 1970","

Plusioglyphiulus boutini belongs to a genus that includes a large number of species in Southeast Asia, living mostly on bat guano in caves. Most species are narrow endemics (Golovatch et al. 2009).

" 6710,Discherodontus halei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discherodontus,halei,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 89848624,Osteochilus flavicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,flavicauda,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2009", 180898,Phenacostethus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Phenacostethus,smithi,,,,,"Myers, 1928", 59604,Ichthyophis nigroflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,nigroflavus,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The conspecificity of records from Sumatra and Borneo with those from Peninsular Malaysia is unclear. 58322,Ingerana tenasserimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Ingerana,tenasserimensis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1892)",Taxonomic work still needs to be carried out to verify which genus this species definitely belongs to (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop 2018). 58364,Limnonectes plicatellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,plicatellus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1873)", 58368,Limnonectes tweediei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,tweediei,,,,,"(Smith, 1935)","This species was considered by Kiew (1975) to be a synonym of Limnonectes nitidus, but we retain it as a valid species. It is considered to be a species complex (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop January 2018)." 57642,Megophrys longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,longipes,,,,,"Boulenger, 1886","Records of Megophrys longipes from northern Viet Nam (Tran et al. 1992) are provisionally placed under Megophrys lateralis; while these animals might represent a taxon distinct from M. lateralis, they are unlikely to be conspecific with M. longipes from Peninsular Malaysia.

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 57887,Microhyla palmipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,palmipes,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897","This species might be synonymous with Microhyla superciliaris (see Berry 1975). However, D. Iskandar (pers. comm.) considers that it is a separate species. The records north of Tulang Bawang River in Sumatra are considered to belong to another form (D. Iskandar and A. Hamidy pers. comm. May 2017)." 59037,Theloderma leporosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,leporosum,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838", 89904141,Nososticta mouldsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,mouldsi,,,,,"Theischinger, 2000", 89904227,Archaeosynthemis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Archaeosynthemis,occidentalis,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1910)","This species was described as Synthemis macrostigma occidentalis Tillyard, 1910." 89904293,Archaeosynthemis orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Archaeosynthemis,orientalis,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1910)","This species was described as Synthemis macrostigma orientalis Tillyard, 1910." 89904397,Archaeosynthemis spiniger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Archaeosynthemis,spiniger,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 14256029,Austroaeschna pinheyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,pinheyi,,,,,"Theischinger, 2001", 89905395,Austropetalia annaliese,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AUSTROPETALIIDAE,Austropetalia,annaliese,,,,,"Theischinger, 2013","Austropetalia anneliese is known from a single female specimen, and was treated as A. patricia until it was recognised as a separate species (Theischinger 2013)." 89928494,Atractus savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,savagei,,,,,"Salazar-Valenzuela, Torres-Carvajal & Passos, 2014", 89928586,Incaspis amaru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Incaspis,amaru,,,,,"(Zaher, Arredondo, Valencia, Arbeláez, Rodrigues & Altamirano-Benavides, 2014)", 89928617,Siphlophis ayauma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Siphlophis,ayauma,,,,,"Sheehy III, Yánez-Muñoz, Valencia & Smith, 2014", 89928644,Synophis zaheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Synophis,zaheri,,,,,"Pyron, Guayasamin, Peñafiel, Bustamante & Arteaga, 2015", 89929064,Pholidobolus hillisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,hillisi,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, Venegas, Lobos, Mafla-Endara & Sales-Nunes, 2014", 89929298,Gelanesaurus flavogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gelanesaurus,flavogularis,,,,,"(Altamirano-Benavides, Zaher, Lobo, Grazziotin, Sales-Nunes & Rodrigues, 2013)", 89929498,Enyalioides altotambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,altotambo,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, Venegas & de Queiroz, 2015", 89931365,Aspidoscelis inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,inornata,,,,,"(Baird, 1859)","This species has historically had eleven recognized subspecies, and the taxonomic status of a number of these has varied, with specific status proposed and subsequently rejected for several (discussed in detail by Sullivan et al. 2014), with the resulting content of the ""Little Striped Whiptail Complex"" considered to contain four full species (Aspidoscelis inornata, A. arizonae, A. gypsi an A. pai) and seven subspecies within A. inornata in addition to the nominate form. In an effort to stabilize taxonomy within this complex, Sullivan et al. (2014) combined literature data on morphological variation with an mtDNA dataset on all four candidate species and four subspecies. These authors found a complex pattern of variation that in most cases did not follow recognized species and subspecies boundaries within this complex, and they recommended relegating A. arizonae, A. pai and A. gypsi to subspecific status and synonymizing A. l. junipera and A. l. llanuras within A. l. heptogramma." 89969963,Aspidoscelis xanthonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,xanthonota,,,,,"(Duellman & Lowe, 1953)", 89970161,Aspidoscelis stictogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,stictogramma,,,,,"(Burger, 1950)","This species was previously treated as a subspecies of Aspidoscelis burti, but is treated here as a full species following Crother et al. (2012)." 17087,Phrynosoma blainvillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,blainvillii,,,,,"Gray, 1839","Was under Iguanidae. In California, this species formerly was known as the coast horned lizard, Phrynosoma coronatum. Populations south of northern Baja California are now recognized as one or two distinct species, whereas the northern segment of the former P. coronatum is now P. blainvillii (see Leaché et al. 2009)." 89974730,Phrynosoma goodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,goodei,,,,,"Stejneger, 1893","Mulcahy et al. (2006) examined phylogeography of Phrynosoma in the vicinity of the Salton Trough of southern California and northwestern Mexico and concluded that three species occur there: Phrynoma mcallii (endemic to the trough), P. goodei (which previously was recognized as a subspecies of P. platyrhinos; east of the Colorado River and south of the Gila River), and P. platyrhinos (elsewhere in the region)." 89974770,Phrynosoma platyrhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Phrynosoma,platyrhinos,,,,,"Girard, 1852","Mulcahy et al. (2006) examined phylogeography of Phrynosoma in the vicinity of the Salton Trough of southern California and northwestern Mexico and concluded that three species occur there: Phrynoma mcallii (endemic to the trough), P. goodei (which previously was recognized as a subspecies of P. platyrhinos; east of the Colorado River and south of the Gila River), and P. platyrhinos (elsewhere in the region)." 22680500,Turnix sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,sylvaticus,,,,,"(Desfontaines, 1787)",Gender agreement of species name follows David and Gosselin (2002). 22689012,Ketupa zeylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ketupa,zeylonensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22717301,Melanocorypha yeltoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Melanocorypha,yeltoniensis,,,,,"(Forster, 1767)", 90066791,Phyllodactylus nocticolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,nocticolus,,,,,"Dixon, 1964","Phyllodactylus xanti nocticolus and P. x. xanti have been treated as distinct species by some authors, but Grismer (2002) identified a broad zone of intergradation between these nominal taxa and treated them as pattern classes of P. xanti. Stebbins (2003) also regarded them as conspecific (subspecies). de Queiroz and Reeder (in Crother 2012) cited Blair et al. (2009) and older studies in recognizing Phyllodactylus xanti and P. nocticolus as distinct species (the latter taxon is the one in the United States)." 90066834,Contia longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Contia,longicauda,,,,,"Feldman & Hoyer, 2010","This species formerly was included in Contia tenuis; recognized as a distinct species by Feldman and Hoyer (2010). This species was originally named Contia longicaudae, however, because Feldman and Hoyer (2010) explicity treated the second part of the binomen as an adjective, it must agree with the name Contia in gender and number so that the correct spelling is Contia longicauda (Crother 2012)." 90066866,Contia tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Contia,tenuis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)","Feldman and Hoyer (2010) formally split Contia tenuis into two species: Contia tenuis, which ranges from southern Vancouver Island (British Columbia) and central Washington to the northern portion of southern California, and C. longicaudae, with a smaller range extending from west-central Oregon to the Monterey Bay region of central California." 90067352,Hypsiglena chlorophaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsiglena,chlorophaea,,,,,"Cope, 1860", 90067384,Hypsiglena jani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsiglena,jani,,,,,"(Dugès, 1865)", 90067438,Hypsiglena ochorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsiglena,ochorhyncha,,,,,"Cope, 1860", 63778,Hypsiglena slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsiglena,slevini,,,,,"Tanner, 1943","When the first assessment for this species was published it was under the generic name Eridiphas. Mulcahy (2008) transferred it to the genus Hypsiglena, hence the need for an updated assessment to reflect this taxonomic change." 90068710,Lampropeltis abnorma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,abnorma,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1886)", 90069044,Lampropeltis annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,annulata,,,,,"Kennicott, 1861", 63927,Lampropeltis extenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,extenuata,,,,,"(Brown, 1890)","When this species was assessed in 2007 it was treated as Stilosoma extenuatum, it was subsequently transferred to the genus Lampropeltis but the the specific name was left as extenuatum whereas it should have been corrected to extenuata. The assessment has been updated to reflect the correct name." 90069282,Lampropeltis gentilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,gentilis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 90069326,Lampropeltis nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,nigra,,,,,"(Yarrow, 1882)","A combination of genetic analysis, divergence time estimates and ecological niche modelling identified five discrete clades within Lampropeltis getula, which did not correspond to recognized subspecific divisions (Pyron and Burbrink 2009a). Accordingly Pyron and Burbink (2009b) subsequently revised the systematics of L. getula, elevating L. splendida and L. californiae to specific status, redefining and elevating the former subspecies L. nigra and L. holbrooki, and synonymizing remaining subspecies (L. g. floridiana and L. g. meansi) within a monotypic L. getula. Pyron and Burbrink (2009b) also confirmed the previously recognized synonymy of L. g. goini and L. g. sticticeps within L. getula." 90069354,Lampropeltis polyzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,polyzona,,,,,"Cope, 1860", 90069502,Lampropeltis zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,zonata,,,,,"(Lockington in Blainville, 1835)", 90069536,Pantherophis alleghaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,alleghaniensis,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1836)", 90069553,Pantherophis obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,obsoletus,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 90069659,Pantherophis spiloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,spiloides,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 90069683,Pantherophis vulpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Pantherophis,vulpinus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 90069769,Aspidoscelis tesselata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Aspidoscelis,tesselata,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 64002,Haldea striatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Haldea,striatula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","This species was originally assessed under the name Virginia striatula, but since the assessment was first published the species has been transferred to the genus Haldea (McVay and Carstens 2013), hence the need for this updated account." 63842,Opheodrys vernalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Opheodrys,vernalis,,,,,"(Harlan, 1827)","Oldham and Smith (1991) demonstrated several significant categorical differences between Opheodrys aestivus and O. vernalis, indicative of a long history of divergent evolution, and assigned the latter species to a new genus (Liochlorophis), leaving aestivus as the only member of the genus Opheodrys. Crother et al. (2000) maintained vernalis in the genus Opheodrys whereas Walley (2003) concluded that available evidence supports recognition of the new genus. The latter classification was followed when this species was first assessed, however, subsequently most authorities (e.g. Crother 2012) have treated this species under the genus Opheodrys and hence this is the name used in this updated assessment." 63884,Liodytes alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Liodytes,alleni,,,,,"(Garman, 1874)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Regina, but has since been transferred to the genus Liodytes (McVay and Carstens 2013), hence the need for this updated assessment." 63916,Liodytes pygaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Liodytes,pygaea,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Seminatrix, but has since been transferred to the genus Liodytes (McVay and Carstens 2013), hence the need for this updated assessment." 63886,Liodytes rigida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Liodytes,rigida,,,,,"(Say, 1825)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Regina, but has since been transferred to the genus Liodytes (McVay and Carstens 2013), hence the need for this updated assessment." 40783,Hippopotamus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,HIPPOPOTAMIDAE,Hippopotamus,madagascariensis,,,,,"Guldberg, 1883","Two dwarfed hippopotami were described from recent fossil remains at Madagascar: Hippopotamus lemerlei and Hippopotamus madagascariensis. In a critical contribution, Stuenes (1989) thoroughly described the morphological differences between these species and provided detailed diagnoses. After Stuenes’ work (1989), the most complete account is that by Rakotovao et al. (2014), who notably documented significant intraspecific variations within both species. The origin of these species remains uncertain: they are generally seen as deriving from continental species of Hippopotamus, maybe from the extant Hippopotamus amphibius. A third extinct Madagascan species, Hippopotamus laloumena, was proposed by Faure and Guérin (1990) on limited evidence. A recent publication by Faure et al. (2010) does not add significant evidence in favor of the validity of this species, and  its dissimilarity from Hippopotamus amphibius needs to be clarified. It may represent evidence for sporadic Mozambique Channel crossing by individuals of the extant large species during the Holocene, including since the European colonization of Madagascar (Burney et al. 2004).

Fovet et al. (2011) suggested that Guldberg's type specimen of H. madagscariensis actually pertains to the other small species, H. lemerlei. In 1902, C.J.F. Major re-described H. madagascariensis Gulberg, 1883 using a new Malagasy skeleton which was quite different to H. lemerlei. However, because H. madagascariensis would be no more than a replacement name for H. lemerlei, Fovet et al. (2011) proposed the new name H. guldbergi to designate the species described in 1902 by C.J.F. Major. Rakotovao et al. (2014) disagreed with Fauvet et al. (2011) on the attribution of Guldberg’s specimen to H. lemerlei, and confirmed its identification as H. madagascariensis, in line with Stuenes (1989). This debate is not closed (see Faure et al. 2015), but given that H. madagascariensis was extensively used as an available name prior to 1961 and since then (see section 11.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), and given that the ICZN recommendations regarding the stability of taxonomic nomenclature, it is for now more cautious to continue to use H. madagascariensis and to consider H. guldbergi as its junior synonym. In any case, this debate calls for further revising the material attributed to the two dwarfed hippopotami from Madagascar, including notably their postcranial skeleton." 40782,Hippopotamus lemerlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,HIPPOPOTAMIDAE,Hippopotamus,lemerlei,,,,,"Grandidier in Milne-Edwards, 1868","Two dwarfed hippopotami were created from recent fossil remains in Madagascar: Hippopotamus lemerlei and Hippopotamus madagascariensis. In a critical contribution, Stuenes (1989) thoroughly described the morphological differences between these species and provided detailed diagnoses. After Stuenes' work (1989), the most complete account is that by Rakotovao et al. (2014), who notably documented significant intraspecific variations within both species. The origin of these species remains uncertain: they are generally seen as deriving from continental species of Hippopotamus, maybe from Hippopotamus amphibius. A third extinct Madagascan species, Hippopotamus laloumena, was proposed by Faure and Guérin (1990) on limited evidence. A recent publication by Faure et al. (2010) does not add significant evidence in favor of the validity of this species, and its dissimilarity from Hippopotamus amphibius still needs to be clarified (Weston and Lister 2009). It may represent evidence for sporadic Mozambique Channel crossing by individuals of the extant large species during the Holocene, including since the European colonization of Madagascar (Burney et al. 2004).

Fovet et al. (2011) suggested that Guldberg's type specimen of H. madagscariensis actually pertains to the other small species, H. lemmerlei. In 1902, C.J.F. Major re-described H. madagascariensis Gulberg, 1883 using a new Malagasy skeleton which was quite different to H. lemmerlei. However, because H. madagscariensis would be no more than a replacement name for H. lemerlei, Fovet et al. (2011) proposed the new name H. guldbergi to designate the species described in 1902 by C.J.F. Major. Rakotovao et al. (2014) disagreed with Fauvet et al. (2011) on the attribution of Guldberg’s specimen to H. lemerlei, and confirmed its identification as H. madagascariensis, in line with Stuenes (1989). This debate is not closed (see Faure et al. 2015), but given that H. madagascariensis was extensively used as an available name prior to 1961 and since then (see section 11.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), and given that the ICZN recommendations regarding the stability of taxonomic nomenclature, it is for now more cautious to continue to use H. madagascariensis and to consider H. gulbergi as its junior synonym. In any case, this debate calls for further revising the material attributed to the two dwarfed hippopotami from Madagascar, including notably their postcranial skeleton." 56799,Craugastor obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,obesus,,,,,"(Barbour, 1928)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). It was removed from synonymy of Craugastor punctariolus (Campbell and Savage 2000). 63219,Proischnura polychromatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Proischnura,polychromatica,,,,,"(Barnard, 1937)", 149451010,Balantiocheilos melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Balantiocheilos,melanopterus,,,,,(Bleeker 1850),"The taxonomic status of Balantiocheilos melanopterus formerly had a broader definition as it used to include the population in Indochina as well. More recently, Ng and Kottelat (2007) recognised the Indochinese population to be another species distinct from the Sundaic one. Therefore, they described a new species, B. ambusticauda, specifically for the Indochinese population as recorded from the lower and middle Mekong and Chao Phraya basins, while retaining the identity of B. melanopterus specifically for the Sundaic population, which comprises the subpopulations from the Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo." 90332118,Paedocypris micromegethes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PAEDOCYPRIDIDAE,Paedocypris,micromegethes,,,,,"Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte 2006","Populations of a Paedocypris species in Peninsular Malaysia have been provisionally identified as this species. However, there is ongoing genetic analysis to determine whether they represent Paedocypris micromegethes (H.H. Tan pers. comm. 2019)." 2782,Betta macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,macrostoma,,,,,"Regan, 1910", 90332191,Oryzias woworae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,woworae,,,,,"Parenti & Hadiaty, 2010","Mokodongan et al. (2018) found that the Oryzias woworae species group (comprising of O. asinua, O. wolasi, and O. woworae) could not be separated by their body shape using geometric morphometrics and that their phylogenetic relationships did not support the presence of three species. As such, they recommend a taxonomic re-examination of the O.woworae species group." 7727,Encheloclarias prolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Encheloclarias,prolatus,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 1993", 7725,Encheloclarias curtisoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Encheloclarias,curtisoma,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 1993", 22728245,Chlamydotis undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Chlamydotis,undulata,,,,,"(Jacquin, 1784)","

Chlamydotis undulata and C. macqueenii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. undulata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).  

" 90344071,Pseudogaurotina excellens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pseudogaurotina,excellens,,,,,"(Brancsik, 1874)", 90345992,Pedostrangalia raggii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Pedostrangalia,raggii,,,,,"Sama, 1992",
 90377132,Chelonoidis donfaustoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,donfaustoi,,,,,"Poulakakis, Edwards & Caccone, 2015","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007,TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. Chelonoidis donfaustoi is a recently described species (Poulakakis et al. 2015), previously included within C. porteri. The name C. porteri is now restricted only to the species of tortoise found on western Santa Cruz Island in the area known as La Reserva (the originally designated Tortoise Reserve). This Red List assessment treats this newly described taxon, C. donfaustoi, as a full species." 90386307,Isothrix orinoci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Isothrix,orinoci,,,,,"(Thomas, 1899)", 90386381,Thrichomys laurentius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Thrichomys,laurentius,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 90386442,Pattonomys carrikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Pattonomys,carrikeri,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1911)", 90386462,Pattonomys flavidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Pattonomys,flavidus,,,,,"(Hollister, 1914)", 90386776,Pattonomys punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Pattonomys,punctatus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1899)", 78926514,Hyalinobatrachium anachoretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,anachoretus,,,,,"Twomey, Delia & Castroviejo-Fisher, 2014", 54484,Ansonia tiomanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,tiomanica,,,,,"Hendrickson, 1966", 90668633,Africallagma fractum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Africallagma,fractum,,,,,"(Ris, 1921)", 14087,Myomimus roachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Myomimus,roachi,,,,,"(Bate, 1937)", 90799145,Eupholidoptera garganica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,garganica,,,,,"La Greca, 1959", 5588,Crocidura zimmermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,zimmermanni,,,,,"Wettstein, 1953", 9128,Gerbillus hesperinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,hesperinus,,,,,"Cabrera, 1936", 90853972,Dolichopoda ochtoniai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,ochtoniai,,,,,"Rampini & Di Russo, 2015","Placed within the subgenus Petrochilosina. The species name was erroneously spelled 'octhoniai' in the title, abstract and discussion of the describing paper (Alexiou et al. 2015)." 90854150,Dolichopoda saraolacosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,saraolacosi,,,,,"Rampini & Di Russo, 2015", 13461,Microtus bavaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,bavaricus,,,,,"(König, 1962)","Microtus bavaricus is part of Microtus multiplex species-complex. Its formerly continuous range in the Alps was split into three parts during the last glaciation which led to the evolution of three species: Microtus liechtensteini (south of the Alps east of the river Adige and Balkan mountains), Microtus multiplex (south of the Alps west of the river Adige), and M. bavaricus (north of the Alps in a small refuge in Bavaria and Northern Tyrol) (Haring et al. 2000, Spitzenberger et al. 2000, Spitzenberger 2002, Musser and Carleton 2005, Martinkova et al. 2007)." 13418,Microtus cabrerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,cabrerae,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","Its phylogenetic position was studied by Jaarola et al. (2004). It is the sole extant representative of the subgenus Iberomys, which as been suggested to be a seperate genus from Microtus (Cuenca-Bescós et al. 2014)." 90934212,Ceratophyus maghrebinicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Ceratophyus,maghrebinicus,,,,,"Hillert & Král, 2013", 90934784,Ceratophyus schaffrathi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Ceratophyus,schaffrathi,,,,,"Hillert & Král, 2013", 54685,Ingerophrynus kumquat,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,kumquat,,,,,"(Das & Lim, 2001)", 57843,Kalophrynus palmatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,palmatissimus,,,,,"Kiew, 1984","This species may be a species complex, and further taxonomic work is required to verify this (K.O. Chan and E. Quah pers. comm. January 2018)." 90979519,Potamonautes subukia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,subukia,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Dobson, 2008 ", 16193,Paratherina cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Paratherina,cyanea,,,,,"Aurich, 1935", 16194,Paratherina labiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Paratherina,labiosa,,,,,"Aurich, 1935", 16195,Paratherina striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Paratherina,striata,,,,,"Aurich, 1935", 16196,Paratherina wolterecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Paratherina,wolterecki,,,,,"Aurich, 1935", 21571,Telmatherina abendanoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,abendanoni,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 21575,Telmatherina antoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,antoniae,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 21572,Telmatherina bonti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,bonti,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1922","

Telmatherina bonti is the only valid name currently available for riverine Telmatherina (Kottelat 1990, Miesen et al. 2015). Nevertheless, Telmatherina cf. bonti has been used for different riverine populations in the Malili Lakes System and several separate adjacent drainages due to high level of phenotypic and genotypic diversity recorded among them, as comprising thirteen geographically fragmented morphotypes following Herder et al. (2006b) that can be genetically assorted more inclusively into three strongly supported groups (Herder et al. 2006a). Although the two studies (Herder et al. 2006a, 2006b) seem to abandon the status of T. bonti by referring to all the pertinent riverine populations—except the one in the Petea River—together with the lacustrine one as T. cf. bonti, it is necessary to reserve the name T. bonti in the strict sense for the group that includes any populations readily assigned to the identity as redescribed by Kottelat (1990). Therefore, all the populations embedded in the larger riverine clade of Herder et al. (2006a) need to be treated as T. bonti, while leaving the other two stream-dwelling groups as taxa, the status of which needs to be resolved taxonomically.

" 21573,Telmatherina celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,celebensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897",


21576,Telmatherina obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,obscura,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 21577,Telmatherina opudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,opudi,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 21578,Telmatherina prognatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,prognatha,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 21579,Telmatherina sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,sarasinorum,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 21580,Telmatherina wahjui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,wahjui,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 90980292,Telmatherina albolabiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Telmatherina,albolabiosa,,,,,"Tantu & Nilawati, 2008", 21979,Tominanga aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Tominanga,aurea,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 21980,Tominanga sanguicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Tominanga,sanguicauda,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 90980399,Neostethus djajaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,djajaorum,,,,,"Parenti & Louie, 1998", 523,Adrianichthys kruyti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Adrianichthys,kruyti,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 90980527,Adrianichthys roseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Adrianichthys,roseni,,,,,"Parenti & Soeroto, 2004", 15579,Oryzias celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,celebensis,,,,,"(Weber, 1894)", 90980592,Oryzias eversi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,eversi,,,,,"Herder, Hadiaty & Nolte, 2012", 90980607,Oryzias hadiatyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,hadiatyae,,,,,"Herder & Chapuis, 2010", 15574,Oryzias marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,marmoratus,,,,,"(Aurich, 1935)","Geographic variation among subpopulations from Lakes Towuti, Mahalona and Lontoa, as recognised by Kottelat (1990) and partly observed in a recent survey by D. Lumbantobing (pers. comm. 2018), suggest that material currently assignable to O. marmoratus is likely to represent more than one species and possible hybrids with O. profundicola." 15575,Oryzias matanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,matanensis,,,,,"(Aurich, 1935)", 15576,Oryzias nigrimas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,nigrimas,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 15577,Oryzias orthognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,orthognathus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 15578,Oryzias profundicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,profundicola,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990",Kottelat (1990) suggested possible hybridisation between O. profundicola and O. marmoratus. 90980848,Oryzias timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,timorensis,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1922)", 23121,Xenopoecilus oophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Xenopoecilus,oophorus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 23122,Xenopoecilus poptae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Xenopoecilus,poptae,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1922", 23123,Xenopoecilus sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Xenopoecilus,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Popta, 1905)", 90980978,Xenopoecilus bonneorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Xenopoecilus,bonneorum,,,,,"(Parenti, 2008)", 90981087,Dermogenys orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,orientalis,,,,,"(Weber, 1894)", 90981142,Dermogenys vogti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,vogti,,,,,"Brembach, 1982", 40693,Nomorhamphus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,celebensis,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1922", 169525,Nomorhamphus towoetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,towoetii,,,,,"Ladiges, 1972", 90981418,Nomorhamphus brembachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,brembachi,,,,,"Vogt, 1978", 90981429,Nomorhamphus ebrardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,ebrardtii,,,,,"(Popta, 1912)", 90981483,Nomorhamphus hageni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,hageni,,,,,"(Popta, 1912)", 90981938,Nomorhamphus kolonodalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,kolonodalensis,,,,,"Meisner & Louie, 2000", 90981948,Nomorhamphus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,lanceolatus,,,,,"Huylebrouck, Hadiaty & Herder, 2014", 90981973,Nomorhamphus liemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,liemi,,,,,"Vogt, 1977", 90981984,Nomorhamphus megarrhamphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,megarrhamphus,,,,,"(Brembach, 1982)", 90982010,Nomorhamphus rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,rex,,,,,"Huylebrouck, Hadiaty & Herder, 2012", 90982022,Nomorhamphus sagittarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,sagittarius,,,,,"Huylebrouck, Hadiaty & Herder, 2014", 90982032,Nomorhamphus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,weberi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 21989,Tondanichthys kottelati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Tondanichthys,kottelati,,,,,"Collette, 1995", 40707,Glossogobius flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,flavipinnis,,,,,"(Aurich, 1938)", 9253,Glossogobius intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,intermedius,,,,,"Aurich, 1938", 90982416,Glossogobius mahalonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,mahalonensis,,,,,"Hoese, Hadiaty & Herder, 2015", 9254,Glossogobius matanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,matanensis,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)","As currently recognised, Glossogobius matanensis includes at least three species (Hoese et al. 2015); work on these is in progress." 90982465,Lentipes adelphizonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,adelphizonus,,,,,"Watson & Kottelat, 2006", 13921,Mugilogobius adeia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,adeia,,,,,"Larson & Kottelat, 1992", 196335,Mugilogobius cavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,cavifrons,,,,,"(Weber, 1909)",The species was last reviewed by Larson (2001). Current work suggests that this taxon comprises several cryptic species (M. Hammer pers. comm. 2018). 13919,Mugilogobius latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,latifrons,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 23065,Mugilogobius amadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,amadi,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Weberogobius but is now considered valid in the genus Mugilogobius. It most closely resembles Mugilogobius hitam described by Larson et al. in 2014 from Lake Towuti; but the two species can be discriminated based on lateral scale count — 52-65 in Mugilogobius amadi and 31-34 in Mugilogobius hitam (Larson et al. 2014).  90982932,Mugilogobius hitam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,hitam,,,,,"Larson, Geiger, Hadiaty & Herder, 2014", 90982948,Mugilogobius lepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,lepidotus,,,,,"Larson, 2001", 90982977,Mugilogobius rexi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,rexi,,,,,"Larson, 2001", 21352,Mugilogobius sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Tamanka sarasinorum but is now valid in the genus Mugilogobius. 196362,Sicyopterus cynocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,cynocephalus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 142074959,Sicyopterus longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,longifilis,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1912", 196366,Sicyopterus micrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,micrurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 90983755,Sicyopus multisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopus,multisquamatus,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1912",This species was re-described by Watson in 1995. 187874,Stenogobius ophthalmoporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,ophthalmoporus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","The taxonomy of all Stenogobius species is in flux, with about 30 nominal species (and only a few of these probably valid) and the genus in great need of review." 196405,Stiphodon semoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,semoni,,,,,"Weber, 1895","This species was re-described by Watson (1996) and again with inclusion of Sumatran specimens by Maeda and Tan (2013). Keith et al. (2015) considers Stiphodon allen Watson, 1996 to be a junior synonym of Stiphodon semoni Weber, 1985 without offering justifications for this decision." 90984522,Stiphodon zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,zebrinus,,,,,"Watson, Allen & Kottelat, 1998", 61840,Leptobrachella kajangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,kajangensis,,,,,"(Grismer, Grismer and Youmans, 2004)", 90985099,Oryzias hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,hubbsi,,,,,"Roberts, 1998", 169554,Neostethus bicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,bicornis,,,,,"Regan, 1916", 169507,Neostethus thessa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,thessa,,,,,"(Aurich, 1937)", 90985422,Neostethus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,borneensis,,,,,"Herre, 1939", 90985462,Neostethus geminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,geminus,,,,,"Parenti, 2014", 90985510,Neostethus lankesteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,lankesteri,,,,,"Regan, 1916", 90985567,Neostethus palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,palawanensis,,,,,"(Myers, 1935)", 90985656,Neostethus villadolidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,villadolidi,,,,,"Herre, 1942", 90985687,Neostethus zamboangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,zamboangae,,,,,"Herre, 1942", 16870,Phallostethus dunckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Phallostethus,dunckeri,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 90985760,Phallostethus lehi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Phallostethus,lehi,,,,,"Parenti, 1996", 90985820,Phenacostethus posthon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Phenacostethus,posthon,,,,,"Roberts, 1971", 90985830,Phenacostethus trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Phenacostethus,trewavasae,,,,,"Parenti, 1986", 90985938,Dermogenys bispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,bispina,,,,,"Meisner & Collette, 1998","The genus Dermogenys was revised by Meisner (2001). Before this, several species of Dermogenys were placed in synonymy with Dermogenys pusilla, which led to the extensive use of D. pusilla in museum collections and throughout the literature. This species was identified as D. pusilla populations from North Borneo in a testis study and D. pusillus populattions from Sabah with a Type II form of halfbeak viviparity." 90986012,Dermogenys palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,palawanensis,,,,,"Meisner, 2001", 90986075,Dermogenys pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,pusilla,,,,,"Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt, 1823","The genus Dermogenys was revised by Meisner (2001). Before this, several species of Dermogenys were placed in synonymy with Dermogenys pusilla, which led to the extensive use of D. pusilla in museum collections and throughout the literature. Many records therefore require confirmation and could refer to other Dermogenys species, such as D. siamensis and D. collettei. " 90986178,Dermogenys robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,robertsi,,,,,"Meisner, 2001", 90986192,Dermogenys sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,sumatrana,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","The genus Dermogenys was revised by Meisner (2001). Before this, D. sumatrana and other Dermogenys species were placed in synonymy with Dermogenys pusilla, which led to the extensive use of D. pusilla in museum collections and throughout the literature. Some records before and after this time may therefore require confirmation and D. sumatrana may be referred to as Dermogenys pusillus or D. pusillus borneensis." 90986313,Hemirhamphodon byssus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,byssus,,,,,"Tan & Lim, 2013","A DNA barcoding study by Lim et al. (2016) on the genus Hemirhamphodon suggests that H. byssus could be considered as a species complex, and its species status remains unclear. They recommend further study that includes combined molecular and morphological approaches and population level analyses with large sample sizes to clarify Hemirhamphodon taxonomy." 90986377,Hemirhamphodon chrysopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,chrysopunctatus,,,,,"Brembach, 1978", 90986392,Hemirhamphodon kapuasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,kapuasensis,,,,,"Collette, in Anderson & Collette, 1991", 90986405,Hemirhamphodon kecil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,kecil,,,,,"Tan & Lim, 2013", 90986418,Hemirhamphodon kuekenthali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,kuekenthali,,,,,"Steindachner, 1901","A DNA barcoding study by Lim et al. (2016) on the genus Hemirhamphodon suggests that H. kuekenthali could be considered as a species complex, and its species status remains unclear. They recommend further study that includes combined molecular and morphological approaches and population level analyses with large sample sizes to clarify Hemirhamphodon taxonomy." 90986470,Hemirhamphodon phaiosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,phaiosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 90986605,Hemirhamphodon sesamum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,sesamum,,,,,"Tan & Lim, 2013 ", 90986650,Hemirhamphodon tengah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Hemirhamphodon,tengah,,,,,"Collette, in Anderson & Collette, 1991", 58361,Limnonectes nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,nitidus,,,,,"(Smedley, 1932)","This species was previously thought by Berry (1975) and Kiew (1975) to include Limnonectes tweediei. However, Dring (1979), Grandison (1982) and Leong Tzi Ming (pers. comm.) consider the two forms to be distinct." 90994147,Nomorhamphus bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,bakeri,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1922)", 90994456,Nomorhamphus philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,philippinus,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1972)", 90994487,Nomorhamphus pinnimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,pinnimaculatus,,,,,"Meisner, 2001", 90994511,Nomorhamphus viviparus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,viviparus,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)", 90994633,Zenarchopterus ectuntio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,ectuntio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 180847,Albulichthys albuloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Albulichthys,albuloides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 169538,Barbodes binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,binotatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)",The taxonomy of this species is under review and it is likely to contain a number of currently undescribed species (K. Lim pers. comm. 2019). 70032451,Barbodes bunau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,bunau,,,,,"(Rachmatika, 2005)", 18885,Barbodes cataractae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,cataractae,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 70033256,Barbodes everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,everetti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 70033486,Barbodes ivis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,ivis,,,,,"(Seale, 1910)", 70033622,Barbodes joaquinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,joaquinae,,,,,"(Wood, 1968)", 70033729,Barbodes kuchingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,kuchingensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)", 18907,Barbodes manguaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,manguaoensis,,,,,"(Day, 1914)", 70034660,Barbodes microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,microps,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 70034784,Barbodes montanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,montanoi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1881)", 70034919,Barbodes palavanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,palavanensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 70034993,Barbodes quinquemaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,quinquemaculatus,,,,,"(Seale & Bean, 1907)","Barbodes quinquemaculatus might be a variety of Barbodes binotatus (Myers 1960, Herre 1953)." 70036846,Barbodes sealei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,sealei,,,,,"Herre, 1933", 18902,Barbodes tumba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,tumba,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 70037432,Barbodes umalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,umalii,,,,,"(Wood, 1968)", 70037456,Barbodes xouthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,xouthos,,,,,"(Kottelat & Tan, 2011)", 90997659,Barbonymus collingwoodii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,collingwoodii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 90997814,Barbonymus mahakkamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,mahakkamensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1922)", 90997858,Barbonymus platysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,platysoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 90997926,Barbonymus strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,strigatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 90997984,Barbonymus sunieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbonymus,sunieri,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)", 90998174,Boraras brigittae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Boraras,brigittae,,,,,"(Vogt, 1978)", 90998255,Boraras merah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Boraras,merah,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1991)", 90998768,Brevibora dorsiocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Brevibora,dorsiocellata,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 90998832,Brevibora exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Brevibora,exilis,,,,,"Liao & Tan, 2014", 90998941,Cosmochilus falcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cosmochilus,falcifer,,,,,"Regan, 1906", 169567,Crossocheilus nigriloba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,nigriloba,,,,,"Popta, 1904", 90999336,Crossocheilus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,elegans,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 90999381,Crossocheilus gnathopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,gnathopogon,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 90999440,Crossocheilus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Crossocheilus,obscurus,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2009", 180974,Cyclocheilichthys heteronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,heteronema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 90999802,Cyclocheilichthys janthochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,janthochir,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 91000026,Desmopuntius endecanalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,endecanalis,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 91000070,Desmopuntius foerschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,foerschi,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1982)", 91000196,Desmopuntius gemellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,gemellus,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1996)", 91000302,Desmopuntius pentazona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,pentazona,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 91000398,Desmopuntius rhomboocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,rhomboocellatus,,,,,"(Koumans, 1940)", 91000536,Desmopuntius trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Desmopuntius,trifasciatus,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1996)", 91001749,Diplocheilichthys jentinkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Diplocheilichthys,jentinkii,,,,,"(Popta, 1904)", 91001861,Diplocheilichthys pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Diplocheilichthys,pleurotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 181329,Discherodontus ashmeadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Discherodontus,ashmeadi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1937)", 91002431,Eirmotus furvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Eirmotus,furvus,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2008", 91002459,Eirmotus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Eirmotus,insignis,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2008", 91002490,Eirmotus isthmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Eirmotus,isthmus,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2008", 91002536,Eirmotus octozona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Eirmotus,octozona,,,,,"Schultz, 1959", 181151,Epalzeorhynchos kalopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Epalzeorhynchos,kalopterum,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 91003054,Esomus malayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Esomus,malayensis,,,,,"(Matte & Reichelt, 1908)", 91003379,Fangfangia spinicleithralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Fangfangia,spinicleithralis,,,,,"Britz, Kottelat & Tan, 2012", 180724,Garra cambodgiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,cambodgiensis,,,,,"(Tirant, 1883)", 91003692,Garra borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,borneensis,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91003725,Garra robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,robertsi,,,,,"Thoni & Mayden, 2015", 9669,Hampala lopezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hampala,lopezi,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 91003850,Hampala ampalong,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hampala,ampalong,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 91003888,Hampala bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hampala,bimaculata,,,,,"(Popta, 1905)", 91004261,Hampala sabana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hampala,sabana,,,,,"Inger & Chin, 1962", 91004469,Hypsibarbus huguenini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,huguenini,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853) ", 91004615,Kalimantania lawak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Kalimantania,lawak,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 91004798,Kottelatia brittani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Kottelatia,brittani,,,,,"(Axelrod, 1976)", 91005048,Labeo pietschmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,pietschmanni,,,,,"Machan, 1930", 91005273,Labiobarbus sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labiobarbus,sabanus,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1962)", 169517,Leptobarbus hosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEPTOBARBIDAE,Leptobarbus,hosii,,,,,"(Regan, 1906)", 91005571,Leptobarbus melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEPTOBARBIDAE,Leptobarbus,melanopterus,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 91005617,Leptobarbus melanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEPTOBARBIDAE,Leptobarbus,melanotaenia,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 91005662,Lobocheilos bo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,bo,,,,,"(Popta, 1904)", 91005692,Lobocheilos erinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,erinaceus,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2008", 91005744,Lobocheilos falcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,falcifer,,,,,"(Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1842)", 91005823,Lobocheilos ixocheilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,ixocheilos,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2008", 91005927,Lobocheilos kajanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,kajanensis,,,,,"(Popta, 1904)", 91005973,Lobocheilos lehat,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,lehat,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858", 91053644,Zospeum vasconicum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,vasconicum,,,,,"Prieto, de Winter, Weigand, Gómez & Jochum, 2015", 91053761,Zospeum zaldivarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,zaldivarae,,,,,"Prieto, de Winter, Weigand, Gómez & Jochum, 2015", 91058005,Lobocheilos ovalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,ovalis,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2008", 91058411,Lobocheilos schwanenfeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,schwanenfeldii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1854", 91058675,Lobocheilos tenura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,tenura,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2008", 91058699,Lobocheilos terminalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,terminalis,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2008", 91058723,Lobocheilos unicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Lobocheilos,unicornis,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2008", 91059283,Luciosoma pellegrinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Luciosoma,pellegrinii,,,,,"Popta, 1905", 91059468,Luciosoma spilopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Luciosoma,spilopleura,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 180988,Mystacoleucus chilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,chilopterus,,,,,"Fowler, 1935", 91059695,Mystacoleucus padangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Mystacoleucus,padangensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 91060154,Nematabramis alestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Nematabramis,alestes,,,,,"(Seale & Bean, 1907)", 91061135,Nematabramis borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Nematabramis,borneensis,,,,,"Inger & Chin, 1962", 91061246,Nematabramis everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Nematabramis,everetti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 91061262,Nematabramis steindachnerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Nematabramis,steindachnerii,,,,,"Popta, 1905", 180657,Neobarynotus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neobarynotus,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 181184,Neolissochilus soroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,soroides,,,,,"(Duncker, 1904)", 14530,Neolissochilus thienemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,thienemanni,,,,,"(Ahl, 1933)", 91063019,Neolissochilus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,longipinnis,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)", 91063609,Neolissochilus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,sumatranus,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)", 91063698,Oliotius oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Oliotius,oligolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 174578552,Osteochilus enneaporos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,enneaporos,,,,,(Bleeker 1852),"The name Osteochilus enneaporos (Bleeker 1852) has been widely used as the senior synonym of Osteochilus scapularis Fowler 1939 since Roberts (1989) and followed by Karnasuta (1993). Tan and Kottelat (2009), however, have pointed out that Roberts's and Karnasuta's descriptions and illustrations do not agree with Bleeker's description, while the materials of Tan and Kottelat (2009) agree with Fowler's description of Osteochilus scapularis as well as the descriptions of Robert's and Karnasuta's. In consequence, Tan and Kottelat (2009) argued that the materials used by Roberts and Karnasuta should belong to Osteochilus scapularis Fowler 1939; a species that has a broad distribution throughout Sundaland. On the other hand, the name Osteochilus enneporos (Bleeker 1852) should be assigned to a species likely to have a much narrower range restricted to West Sumatra, potentially in a number small river basins draining westward to Indian Ocean, but this still needs to be confirm given that it is now known only from its type materials." 169537,Osteochilus sarawakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,sarawakensis,,,,,"Karnasuta, 1993", 187972,Osteochilus schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,schlegelii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","The taxonomic status of the various populations of this species, both between mainland southeast Asia and the Sunda islands, and between populations within the Mekong require further study and validation. For example, it is possible that the two populations in the Mekong (around the Tonle Sap in Cambodia, and north-east Thailand) may represent different species; specimens collected by W. Rainboth from the Tonle Sap differ visually from those collected near the mouth of the Mun River, with a rather different body shape. Although the body is deep in the Cambodia material (and that is expected in species living in standing or sluggish flowing water), the body was much deeper in north-east Thailand, which also had a floodplain forest along the Mun River that has largely been lost. Much more forest remains around the Great Lake in Cambodia (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011)." 169509,Osteochilus serokan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,serokan,,,,,"Hadiaty & Siebert, 1998", 181063,Osteochilus spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,spilurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","
" 180923,Osteochilus waandersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,waandersii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 91066840,Osteochilus bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,bellus,,,,,"Popta, 1904", 91066851,Osteochilus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,borneensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 91066880,Osteochilus chini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,chini,,,,,"Karnasuta, 1993", 91066890,Osteochilus harrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,harrisoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1905", 91066902,Osteochilus ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,ingeri,,,,,"Karnasuta, 1993", 91066924,Osteochilus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,intermedius,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 91066940,Osteochilus jeruk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,jeruk,,,,,"Hadiaty & Siebert, 1998", 91066953,Osteochilus kappenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,kappenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 91067033,Osteochilus kerinciensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,kerinciensis,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2009", 91067093,Osteochilus kelabau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,kelabau,,,,,"Popta, 1904", 91067103,Osteochilus partilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,partilineatus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1995", 91067164,Osteochilus pentalineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,pentalineatus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1982", 91067207,Osteochilus repang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,repang,,,,,"Popta, 1904", 91067248,Osteochilus vittatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Osteochilus,vittatoides,,,,,"Popta, 1904", 91067318,Paedocypris carbunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PAEDOCYPRIDIDAE,Paedocypris,carbunculus,,,,,"Britz & Kottelat, 2008", 91067386,Paedocypris progenetica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,PAEDOCYPRIDIDAE,Paedocypris,progenetica,,,,,"Kottelat, Britz, Tan & Witte, 2006", 181179,Parachela hypophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parachela,hypophthalmus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 169547,Parachela oxygastroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parachela,oxygastroides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 91067877,Parachela cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parachela,cyanea,,,,,"Kottelat, 1995", 91067893,Parachela ingerkongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Parachela,ingerkongi,,,,,"(Banarescu, 1969)", 91067921,Paracrossochilus acerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Paracrossochilus,acerus,,,,,"Inger & Chin, 1962", 91067931,Paracrossochilus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Paracrossochilus,vittatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 91068481,Pectenocypris balaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Pectenocypris,balaena,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91068544,Pectenocypris korthausae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Pectenocypris,korthausae,,,,,"Kottelat, 1982", 91068858,Pectenocypris micromysticetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Pectenocypris,micromysticetus,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2009", 18067,Poropuntius tawarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,tawarensis,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)", 91069381,Puntigrus anchisporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntigrus,anchisporus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91069428,Puntigrus navjotsodhii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntigrus,navjotsodhii,,,,,"(Tan, 2012)", 91069525,Puntigrus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntigrus,pulcher,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1922)", 180803,Puntioplites waandersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntioplites,waandersi,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1859)", 180959,Puntius brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,brevis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 19315,Rasbora baliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,baliensis,,,,,"Hubbs & Brittan, 1954", 169506,Rasbora chrysotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,chrysotaenia,,,,,"Ahl, 1937", 169560,Rasbora ennealepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,ennealepis,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 169513,Rasbora tornieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,tornieri,,,,,"Ahl, 1922", 181152,Rasbora vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,vulgaris,,,,,"Duncker, 1904", 91071060,Rasbora api,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,api,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2010", 91071083,Rasbora aprotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,aprotaenia,,,,,"Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954", 91071106,Rasbora argyrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,argyrotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 91071231,Rasbora atranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,atranus,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 91071245,Rasbora borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,borneensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 91071274,Rasbora bunguranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,bunguranensis,,,,,"Brittan, 1951", 91071333,Rasbora calliura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,calliura,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 91071453,Rasbora cryptica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,cryptica,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2012", 91071489,Rasbora dies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,dies,,,,,"Kottelat, 2008", 91072653,Rasbora hosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,hosii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 91072675,Rasbora hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,hubbsi,,,,,"Brittan, 1954", 91072717,Rasbora jacobsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,jacobsoni,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 91072773,Rasbora johannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,johannae,,,,,"Siebert & Guiry, 1996", 91072895,Rasbora kalbarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,kalbarensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 91072947,Rasbora kluetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,kluetensis,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2010", 91073332,Rasbora lacrimula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,lacrimula,,,,,"Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009", 91073499,Rasbora laticlavia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,laticlavia,,,,,"Siebert & Richardson, 1997", 91073567,Rasbora leptosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,leptosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)",A re-description of this species is ongoing with new specimens from the type locality (D. Lumbantobing pers. comm. 2019). 91073625,Rasbora meinkeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,meinkeni,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1931", 91073652,Rasbora myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,myersi,,,,,"Brittan, 1954", 91073795,Rasbora nematotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,nematotaenia,,,,,"Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954","This species has been recognized as a junior synonym of Rasbora elegans in the past, but its status as a valid species has been resurrected, although without a clear justification despite its high similarity with R. elegans and its type locality is in the same river basin as the type locality of R. elegans. The taxonomic status of both R. elegans and R. nematotaenia needs to be reassessed properly. Before any proper taxonomic reassessment focusing on these two species is taken, R. nematotaenia currently needs to be considered as a species within the R. elegans species complex that has a distribution likely restricted to the Musi basin in South Sumatra (D. Lumbantobing pers. comm. 2020)." 91073839,Rasbora nodulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,nodulosa,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2010", 91073855,Rasbora patrickyapi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,patrickyapi,,,,,"Tan, 2009", 91073927,Rasbora reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,reticulata,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1915", 91073971,Rasbora rheophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,rheophila,,,,,"Kottelat, 2012", 91074061,Rasbora rutteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,rutteni,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 91074107,Rasbora sarawakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,sarawakensis,,,,,"Brittan, 1951", 91074143,Rasbora spilotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,spilotaenia,,,,,"Hubbs & Brittan, in Brittan, 1954", 91074154,Rasbora subtilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,subtilis,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91074229,Rasbora tobana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,tobana,,,,,"Ahl, 1934", 91074255,Rasbora trifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,trifasciata,,,,,"Popta, 1905", 91074335,Rasbora truncata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,truncata,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2010", 91074370,Rasbora tubbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,tubbi,,,,,"Brittan, 1954", 91074398,Rasbora tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,tuberculata,,,,,"Kottelat, 1995", 91074429,Rasbora vaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,vaillantii,,,,,"Popta, 1905", 91074514,Rasbora volzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,volzii,,,,,"Popta, 1905","A population in the Kayan basin just north eastwards to the distribution range of this species, formerly referred to Rasbora volzii fasciata (Popta 1905), has been considered a junior synonym of R. volzii by Kottelat and Tan (2012) (See Taxonomic Notes). This population from the Kayan basin is considered here to belong to a different species (D. Lumbantobing pers. obs. 2014-2018) and its taxonomic status will be resolved in a work that is underway (Lumbantobing et al. In prep.)." 91074549,Rasbora vulcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,vulcanus,,,,,"Tan, 1999", 91074702,Rasborichthys helfrichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Rasborichthys,helfrichii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 91074886,Rohteichthys microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Rohteichthys,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 91074981,Schismatorhynchos endecarhapis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schismatorhynchos,endecarhapis,,,,,"Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998", 91074996,Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schismatorhynchos,heterorhynchos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 91075066,Schismatorhynchos holorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schismatorhynchos,holorhynchos,,,,,"Siebert & Tjakrawidjaja, 1998", 91075292,Sundadanio atomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,atomus,,,,,"Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 91075306,Sundadanio axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,axelrodi,,,,,"(Brittan, 1976)", 91075441,Sundadanio echinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,echinus,,,,,"Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011",Individuals of this species from Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary may actually be Sundadanio margarition (A.Z. Zahar pers. comm. 2019). 91075472,Sundadanio gargula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,gargula,,,,,"Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 91075556,Sundadanio goblinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,goblinus,,,,,"Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 91075715,Sundadanio margarition,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,margarition,,,,,"Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 91075781,Sundadanio retiarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,retiarius,,,,,"Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 91075856,Sundadanio rubellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,SUNDADANIONIDAE,Sundadanio,rubellus,,,,,"Conway, Kottelat & Tan, 2011", 91075975,Thryssocypris ornithostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Thryssocypris,ornithostoma,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 91076085,Thryssocypris smaragdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Thryssocypris,smaragdina,,,,,"Roberts & Kottelat, 1984", 188079,Thynnichthys thynnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Thynnichthys,thynnoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 91076321,Thynnichthys polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Thynnichthys,polylepis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 91076452,Thynnichthys vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Thynnichthys,vaillanti,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 187939,Tor tambroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,tambroides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 91077070,Trigonostigma hengeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Trigonostigma,hengeli,,,,,"(Meinken, 1956)", 91078620,Awaous litturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,litturatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1861)","Kottelat (2013) pointed out that Euctenogobius striatus (from Madras, India) was a junior homonym of Awaous litturatus. The taxonomy of Awaous remains to be resolved. For the purposes of this assessment, A. litturatus is treated as endemic to the Philippines.It is also the type species of the genus Awaous." 91078805,Awaous personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,personatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. The holotype (unique) has not been examined since Koumans (1953). It has been listed as a synonym of Awaous melanocephalus (Koumans 1953; Maugé 1986), but Kottelat uses the name Awaous personatus (based on Ron Watson in litt.)." 180851,Brachygobius doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Brachygobius,doriae,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",This species may include specimens of Brachygobius sabanus in museum collections. 188016,Brachygobius xanthozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Brachygobius,xanthozonus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 91079854,Brachygobius aggregatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Brachygobius,aggregatus,,,,,"Herre, 1940", 91080608,Glossogobius circumspectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,circumspectus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)",Glossogobius sandakanensis is considered in this Red List assessment to be a junior synonym of Glossogobius circumspectus (D.F. Hoese in litt.; Akihito and Meguro 1975). 91080722,Gobiopterus brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopterus,brachypterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)",The genus Gobiopterus is currently under revision and many species names are uncertain. 11502,Lentipes whittenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,whittenorum,,,,,"Watson & Kottelat, 1994", 91080959,Parawaous megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parawaous,megacephalus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1905)", 91081017,Pseudapocryptes borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudapocryptes,borneensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","The type specimen of Pseudapocryptes borneensis, collected from Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, is lost (Murdy 1989). Yet a neotype was not designated because specimens from the type locality were unavailable, and the uncertainty of the identity of this species persisted (Murdy 1989). In a revision of the subfamily Oxudercinae, in which this species was included, Murdy (1989) considered individuals caught in Singapore as conspecifics but no recent records of this species are found in Singapore despite persistent efforts in searching for them (Larson et al. 2016). The most recent report of this species is in the mangrove forest of the Nakhon Si Thamarat province in Southern Thailand (Islam and Ikejima, 2010) but specimens are unavailable for identity confirmation." 91081087,Pseudogobiopsis festiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudogobiopsis,festiva,,,,,"Larson, 2009", 196352,Redigobius chrysosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,chrysosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1875)",This genus was reviewed by Larson (2010). 91081336,Schismatogobius bruynisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,bruynisi,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1912",Maeda et al. (2018) provides a re-description of this species based on type specimens. 91081361,Schismatogobius marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,marmoratus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 91081499,Sicyopterus microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,microcephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 91081562,Sicyopterus parvei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,parvei,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 142218080,Sicyopus auxilimentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopus,auxilimentus,,,,,"Watson & Kottelat, 1994","

Keith et al. (2015) synonymised Sicyopus cebuensis Chen and Shao, 1998 and Sicyopus exallisquamulus Watson & Kottelat 2006 under Sicyopus auxilimentus Watson & Kottelat 1994 without justifications for the decision.

" 196378,Sicyopus zosterophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopus,zosterophorus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)","Watson synonymised Sicydium balinense under Sicyopus zosterophorus in 1995, and re-described the species in 1999." 91082238,Stenogobius blokzeyli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,blokzeyli,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)","The taxonomy of all Stenogobius species is in flux, with about 30 nominal species (and only a few of these probably valid) and the genus in great need of review. Stenogobius blokzeyli is an older name than many in the genus, but its limits are not yet understood. Stenogobius zurstrassensi is considered in this Red List assessment to be a junior synonym of S. blokzeyli (Watson 1991, Larson in prep.)." 91082376,Stenogobius ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,ingeri,,,,,"Watson, 1991","The taxonomy of all Stenogobius species is in flux, with about 30 nominal species (and only a few of these probably valid) and the genus in great need of review (Hoese and Larson in prep. 2019)." 188009,Stigmatogobius borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stigmatogobius,borneensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 188021,Stigmatogobius sella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stigmatogobius,sella,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)", 91082959,Stigmatogobius signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stigmatogobius,signifer,,,,,"Larson, 2005", 20855,Stiphodon surrufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,surrufus,,,,,"Watson & Kottelat, 1995","Keith et al. recognised Stiphodon birdsong Watson, 1996 as a junior synonym of Stiphodon surrufus Watson and Kottelat, 1995 based on teeth counts." 91083121,Stiphodon atropurpureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,atropurpureus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)",Watson and Kottelat (1995) synonymised Microsicydium formosum under Stiphodon atropurpureus and re-described the latter species. 91083230,Stiphodon carisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,carisa,,,,,"Watson, 2008","This species may be a junior synonym of  Stiphodon atropurpureus, as recently collected specimens from the type locality of S. carisa could not be distinguished (Keith et al. 2015)." 91083342,Stiphodon maculidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,maculidorsalis,,,,,"Maeda & Tan, 2013", 91083447,Stiphodon multisquamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,multisquamus,,,,,"Wu & Ni, in Kuang, 1986","Maeda et al. (2015) synonymised Stiphodon aureorostrum Chen and Tan, 2005 under Stiphodon multisquamus Wu and Ni, 1986." 91083559,Stiphodon ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,ornatus,,,,,"Meinken, 1974",This species was re-described by Maeda and Tan (2013). 91088142,Oxyeleotris urophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,urophthalmus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)",Its generic placement is unresolved (it does not belong in Oxyeleotris). Also it is likely that at least one more species has been confused under this name (Hoese D. pers. comm. 2018). 91088359,Pogoneleotris heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Pogoneleotris,heterolepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 91088483,Prionobutis dasyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Prionobutis,dasyrhynchus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 169500,Acantopsis octoactinotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Acantopsis,octoactinotos,,,,,"Siebert, 1991", 91092672,Kottelatlimia hipporhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Kottelatlimia,hipporhynchos,,,,,"Kottelat & Tan, 2008", 166401,Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,berdmorei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei was described from Sittang River basin (Kottlat and Lim 1992) Myanmar." 180725,Lepidocephalichthys furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,furcatus,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1933)", 180693,Lepidocephalichthys hasselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,hasselti,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)",The populations of Lepidocephalichthys hasselti out of the type locality (Java) are in need of further taxonomic verification. 91093426,Lepidocephalichthys lorentzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,lorentzi,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)", 181080,Lepidocephalus macrochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalus,macrochir,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)",The identity of specimens from central Thailand requires confirmation (L. Page pers. comm. 2012). 91093962,Lepidocephalus pahangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalus,pahangensis,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1933)", 91094057,Lepidocephalus pallens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalus,pallens,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91094224,Lepidocephalus spectrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalus,spectrum,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 180865,Pangio myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,myersi,,,,,"(Harry, 1949)", 91100662,Pangio agma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,agma,,,,,"(Burridge, 1992)", 91102722,Pangio alcoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,alcoides,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1993", 91103190,Pangio alternans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,alternans,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1993", 91103489,Pangio atactos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,atactos,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2009", 91103587,Pangio bitaimac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,bitaimac,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2009", 91103666,Pangio incognito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,incognito,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1993", 91103716,Pangio kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,kuhlii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)", 91104111,Pangio lidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,lidi,,,,,"Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009", 91104508,Pangio mariarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,mariarum,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1962)", 91104582,Pangio robiginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,robiginosa,,,,,"(Raut, 1957)", 91104638,Pangio superba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Pangio,superba,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 91104713,Theriodes sandakanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Theriodes,sandakanensis,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1962)", 91105183,Syncrossus hymenophysa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Syncrossus,hymenophysa,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 91105312,Syncrossus reversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Syncrossus,reversus,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 91105797,Balitoropsis ophiolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Balitoropsis,ophiolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 91105981,Homaloptera ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homaloptera,ocellata,,,,,"van der Hoeven, 1830", 91106286,Homalopteroides avii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopteroides,avii,,,,,"Randall & Page, 2014", 91106315,Homalopteroides stephensoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopteroides,stephensoni,,,,,"(Hora, 1932)", 91106592,Homalopteroides wassinkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopteroides,wassinkii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 91106869,Homalopteroides weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopteroides,weberi,,,,,"(Hora, 1932)", 91106974,Homalopteroides yuwonoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopteroides,yuwonoi,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1998)", 91107129,Homalopterula amphisquamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopterula,amphisquamata,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)", 91107226,Homalopterula gymnogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopterula,gymnogaster,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","Several nominal species of Homalopterula have been recognized by Kottelat et al. (1993) as the junior synonyms of Homalopterula gymnogaster, namely: H. amphisquamata, H. modiglianii, and H. lepidogaster. This decision has prompted many workers to identify specimens collected from North Sumatra as H. gymnogaster (e.g., Rainer2005; Ott 2009). More recently, H. amphisquamata and H. modiglianii have been removed from such a synonymisation, thus both currently being recognized as valid species (Kottelat 2013; Randall and Page 2015)." 91107434,Homalopterula heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopterula,heterolepis,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1916)", 91108024,Homalopterula modiglianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopterula,modiglianii,,,,,"(Perugia, 1893)", 91108173,Homalopterula ripleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopterula,ripleyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1940", 91108203,Homalopterula vanderbilti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Homalopterula,vanderbilti,,,,,"(Fowler, 1940)", 194903,Syngnathus taenionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,taenionotus,,,,,"Canestrini, 1871", 15519,Ornithoptera meridionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,meridionalis,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1897)","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species.
The species was previously considered a subspecies of O. paradisea, due to morphological similarities (D'Abrera 2003). This species currently has two valid subspecies: the nominate subspecies meridionalis and subspecies tarunggarensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1927). Subspecies tarunggarensis has sometimes been considered as a subspecies of paradisea instead of meridionalis, based on external characters such as wing patterns (Hancock 1982, 1991); however, on basis of genitalia, the subspecies is thought to belong to meridionalis (Darby 1985)." 169533,Gastromyzon lepidogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,lepidogaster,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 91169833,Gastromyzon aequabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,aequabilis,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91169844,Gastromyzon aeroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,aeroides,,,,,"Tan & Sulaiman, 2006", 91169906,Gastromyzon auronigrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,auronigrus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91169918,Gastromyzon bario,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,bario,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91169943,Gastromyzon borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,borneensis,,,,,"Günther, 1874", 91170002,Gastromyzon cornusaccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,cornusaccus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91170020,Gastromyzon cranbrooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,cranbrooki,,,,,"Tan & Sulaiman, 2006", 91170045,Gastromyzon crenastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,crenastus,,,,,"Tan & Leh, 2006", 91170081,Gastromyzon ctenocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,ctenocephalus,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 91170129,Gastromyzon danumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,danumensis,,,,,"Chin & Inger, 1989", 91170301,Gastromyzon embalohensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,embalohensis,,,,,"Rachmatika, 1998", 91170338,Gastromyzon extrorsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,extrorsus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91170350,Gastromyzon farragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,farragus,,,,,"Tan & Leh, 2006", 91170405,Gastromyzon fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,fasciatus,,,,,"Inger & Chin, 1961", 91170494,Gastromyzon ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,ingeri,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91170520,Gastromyzon introrsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,introrsus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91170562,Gastromyzon katibasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,katibasensis,,,,,"Leh & Chai, 2003", 91170589,Gastromyzon megalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,megalepis,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 91170642,Gastromyzon monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,monticola,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1890)", 91171369,Gastromyzon ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,ocellatus,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2004", 91171392,Gastromyzon ornaticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,ornaticauda,,,,,"Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998", 91171436,Gastromyzon pariclavis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,pariclavis,,,,,"Tan & Martin-Smith, 1998", 91171455,Gastromyzon praestans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,praestans,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91171498,Gastromyzon psiloetron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,psiloetron,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91171525,Gastromyzon punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,punctulatus,,,,,"Inger & Chin, 1961", 91171551,Gastromyzon ridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,ridens,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 91171592,Gastromyzon russulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,russulus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91171619,Gastromyzon scitulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,scitulus,,,,,"Tan & Leh, 2006", 91171673,Gastromyzon spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,spectabilis,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91171693,Gastromyzon stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,stellatus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91171722,Gastromyzon umbrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,umbrus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91171797,Gastromyzon venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,venustus,,,,,"Tan & Sulaiman, 2006", 91171930,Gastromyzon viriosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,viriosus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91171997,Gastromyzon zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,zebrinus,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91172232,Glaniopsis denudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Glaniopsis,denudata,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 91172299,Glaniopsis gossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Glaniopsis,gossei,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 91172350,Glaniopsis hanitschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Glaniopsis,hanitschi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 91172494,Glaniopsis multiradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Glaniopsis,multiradiata,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 91172808,Hypergastromyzon eubranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Hypergastromyzon,eubranchus,,,,,"Roberts, 1991", 91172857,Hypergastromyzon humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Hypergastromyzon,humilis,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91173142,Katibasia insidiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Katibasia,insidiosa,,,,,"Kottelat, 2004", 91173179,Neogastromyzon brunei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Neogastromyzon,brunei,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91173242,Neogastromyzon chini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Neogastromyzon,chini,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91173407,Neogastromyzon crassiobex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Neogastromyzon,crassiobex,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91173430,Neogastromyzon kottelati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Neogastromyzon,kottelati,,,,,"Tan, 2006", 91173458,Neogastromyzon nieuwenhuisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Neogastromyzon,nieuwenhuisii,,,,,"Popta, 1905", 91173504,Neogastromyzon pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Neogastromyzon,pauciradiatus,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1961)", 91173715,Parhomaloptera microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Parhomaloptera,microstoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 169556,Protomyzon borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Protomyzon,borneensis,,,,,"Hora & Jayaram, 1952", 91174052,Protomyzon aphelocheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Protomyzon,aphelocheilus,,,,,"Inger & Chin, 1962", 91174166,Protomyzon griswoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Protomyzon,griswoldi,,,,,"(Hora & Jayaram, 1952)", 91174243,Protomyzon whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Protomyzon,whiteheadi,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1893)", 91174713,Nemacheilus chrysolaimos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,chrysolaimos,,,,,"(Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)", 91174737,Nemacheilus elegantissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,elegantissimus,,,,,"Chin & Samat, 1992", 91174777,Nemacheilus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846)", 91174812,Nemacheilus kapuasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,kapuasensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1984", 91174822,Nemacheilus longipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,longipectoralis,,,,,"Popta, 1905", 91174927,Nemacheilus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,longipinnis,,,,,"Ahl, 1922", 91175011,Nemacheilus marang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,marang,,,,,"Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2010", 91175094,Nemacheilus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,olivaceus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 91175135,Nemacheilus papillos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,papillos,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 2009", 91175170,Nemacheilus papillosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,papillosus,,,,,"(Perugia, 1893)",This species is considered valid but the author did not designate a holotype (Kottelat 2013). 91175209,Nemacheilus paucimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,paucimaculatus,,,,,"Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2011", 91175235,Nemacheilus pfeifferae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,pfeifferae,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 91175287,Nemacheilus saravacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,saravacensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 91175354,Nemacheilus spiniferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,spiniferus,,,,,"Kottelat, 1984", 91175388,Nemacheilus tebo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,tebo,,,,,"Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009", 91175463,Schistura maculiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,maculiceps,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 180767,Schistura robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,robertsi,,,,,"Kottelat, 1990", 169534,Sundoreonectes sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Sundoreonectes,sabanus,,,,,"(Chin, 1990)", 91176444,Sundoreonectes obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Sundoreonectes,obesus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91177053,Vaillantella cinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,VAILLANTELLIDAE,Vaillantella,cinnamomea,,,,,"Kottelat, 1994", 143916067,Barbucca diabolica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BARBUCCIDAE,Barbucca,diabolica,,,,,"Roberts, 1989","There were indications that several species are confused under the name B. diabolica, which was originally described from the Kapuas basin, West Borneo, Indonesia by Roberts (1989). Another species, Barbucca elongata, has been described recently by Vasil'eva and Vasil'ev (2013) from southern Viet Nam. Therefore, individuals collected from northern region like Indochina, which were previously identified as B. diabolica, belong to the recent species, B. elongata." 91177727,Gyrinocheilus pustulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GYRINOCHEILIDAE,Gyrinocheilus,pustulosus,,,,,"Vaillant, 1902", 181117,Amblyceps foratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,foratum,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2000", 91178442,Bagrichthys hypselopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrichthys,hypselopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 91178545,Bagrichthys micranodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrichthys,micranodus,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91178599,Bagrichthys vaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrichthys,vaillantii,,,,,"(Popta, 1906)", 91178727,Bagroides melapterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagroides,melapterus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 180954,Hemibagrus nemurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,nemurus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","The name H. nemurus has been used for fishes throughout Southeast Asia. It is now restricted to a species distributed only in Java, with populations in other parts of the Sundaic region (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo) referring to a different species (H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2011), while the populations from the Mekong, Chao Phraya and Mae Khlong drainages are most likely H. spilopterus (Ng and Rainboth 1999; H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2011)." 181293,Hemibagrus wyckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,wyckii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)","The genus, as well as a number of other species, were previously placed in the genus Mystus." 91180412,Hemibagrus baramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,baramensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1906)", 91180436,Hemibagrus bongan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,bongan,,,,,"(Popta, 1904)", 91180473,Hemibagrus divaricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,divaricatus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2013", 91180492,Hemibagrus fortis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,fortis,,,,,"(Popta, 1904)", 91180589,Hemibagrus olyroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,olyroides,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 91180605,Hemibagrus planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,planiceps,,,,,"(Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)", 91180794,Hemibagrus lacustrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,lacustrinus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2013", 91180871,Hemibagrus sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,sabanus,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1959)", 91181030,Hemibagrus semotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,semotus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2013", 91181052,Hemibagrus velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,velox,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2000", 91181105,Hemileiocassis panjang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemileiocassis,panjang,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 2000", 91181155,Hyalobagrus flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hyalobagrus,flavus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1998", 91181165,Hyalobagrus leiacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hyalobagrus,leiacanthus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1998", 91181175,Ornithoptera goliath,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,goliath,,,,,"Oberthür, 1888","Previous authors considered between two and nine potential subspecies of this species: Rothschild (1904) considered two subspecies (goliath and procus) while Szent-Ivany (1975) considered nine subspecies or races in total. However, D'Abrera (1975a) noted the evidence for a cline in female morphology in the species and synonymised seven subspecies with O. goliath  as a result. We accept this here as correct, although there has been suggestion that at least one of these taxa may require more research to establish its status.
This species currently has six recognised subspecies: the nominate subspecies goliath Oberthür, 1888; subspecies procus Rothschild, 1914; subspecies atlas Rothschild, 1908; subspecies samson (Niepelt, 1913); subspecies supremus Röber, 1896; and subspecies ukihidei Hanafusa, 1994. A sixth subspecies, sorongensis Morita & Sugiyama, 1998, is likely a junior synonym of subspecies atlas." 91181636,Leiocassis aculeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,aculeata,,,,,"Ng & Hadiaty, 2005", 91181724,Leiocassis collina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,collina,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 2006", 91182368,Leiocassis tenebrica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,tenebrica,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 2006", 169551,Mystus wolffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,wolffii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 91182645,Ornithoptera priamus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,priamus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomy of this species is complex. Authors list between 14 and 19 distinct subspecies for this species (e.g. Common and Waterhouse 1972, Matsuka 2001). For the purpose of this assessment, we treat the following 13 taxa as valid subspecies of this species: admiralitatis;  arruana; boisduvali; bornemanni; caelestis; demophanes; hecuba; macalpinei; miokensis; poseidon; priamus; pronomus; and urvillianus.
Some authors (e.g. Parsons 1999) suggest Ornithoptera croesus to be a distinctive subspecies of O. primaus, for example based on the extreme similarity between early life stages of the two taxa (Igarashi 1979, Parsons 1999). Here, we treat Ornithoptera croesus as a separate species following Parrot and Schmid (1984) and Hancock (1991). Similarly, some authors treat the Richmond birdwing Ornithoptera richmondia as a subspecies of Ornithoptera priamus; however, we treat the Richmond birdwing a separate species, again following Hancock (1991). Additionally, Ornithoptera euphorion has been argued to be a subspecies of this species; however, both Ornithoptera richmondia and O. euphorion appear to be closer phylogenetically to Ornithoptera croesus than to Ornithoptera priamus (Hancock 1991). This evidence is the basis for us treating O. euphorion  as a distinct species as discussed by a number of authors (e.g. Hancock 1983, Hancock and Orr 1997, Kondo et al. 2003). Other authors recognise additional subspecies, e.g. subspecies leucrus from Biak Island, which we treat here as part of the subspecies poseidon. Subspecies urvillianus was formerly regarded as a separate species, but is here also treated as a subspecies of Ornithoptera priamus." 91182718,Mystus alasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,alasensis,,,,,"Ng & Hadiaty, 2005", 91182748,Mystus impluviatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,impluviatus,,,,,"Ng, 2003", 91182771,Mystus punctifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,punctifer,,,,,"Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2001", 91182831,Nanobagrus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Nanobagrus,armatus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91182854,Nanobagrus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Nanobagrus,immaculatus,,,,,"Ng, 2008", 91182884,Nanobagrus lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Nanobagrus,lemniscatus,,,,,"Ng, 2010", 91182857,Ornithoptera richmondia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,richmondia,,,,,"(Gray, [1853])","During the 1985 Swallowtail assessment, the taxonomic status of this species was uncertain as it was previously regarded as a subspecies of O. priamus (McCubbin 1971, Common and Waterhouse 1972, Haugum and Low 1979). The species was assessed, however, on the grounds that Hancock (1983) considered it to be a distinct species. Uncertainty continues, with some authorities placing the species under O. priamus (e.g. Matsuka 2001), while others treat it as a distinct species (Common and Waterhouse 1981, Braby 2000)." 91182921,Nanobagrus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Nanobagrus,stellatus,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2000", 91182983,Nanobagrus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Nanobagrus,torquatus,,,,,"Thomson, López & Hadiaty, in Thomson, López, Hadiaty & Page, 2008", 169543,Pseudomystus myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,myersi,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 91183233,Pseudomystus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,breviceps,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)",This species might be a junior synonym of P. stenomus (K.K.P. Lim pers. comm. 2019). 91183261,Pseudomystus carnosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,carnosus,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 2005", 91183272,Pseudomystus flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,flavipinnis,,,,,"Ng & Rachmatika, 1999", 91183299,Pseudomystus fumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,fumosus,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 2005", 91183311,Pseudomystus funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,funebris,,,,,"Ng, 2010", 91183344,Pseudomystus heokhuii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,heokhuii,,,,,"Lim & Ng, 2008", 91183356,Pseudomystus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,inornatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 91183591,Pseudomystus mahakamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,mahakamensis,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91183634,Pseudomystus moeschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,moeschii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 91183704,Pseudomystus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,robustus,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1959)", 91183728,Pseudomystus rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,rugosus,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)",There is evidence that P. rugosus may be conspecific with P. vaillantii (K.K.P. Lim pers. comm. 2019). 91183754,Pseudomystus stenogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,stenogrammus,,,,,"Ng & Siebert, 2005", 91183787,Pseudomystus vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Pseudomystus,vaillanti,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)",Pseudomystus breviceps may be conspecific with this species (K.K.P. Lim et al. 2019). 91183828,Sundolyra latebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Sundolyra,latebrosa,,,,,"Ng, Hadiaty, Lundberg & Luckenbill, 2015", 91183843,Ornithoptera victoriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,victoriae,,,,,"(Gray, 1856)","There are six (Haugum and Low 1979) to eight subspecies recognised for this species: the nominate subspecies victoriae; regis Rothschild, 1895; archeri (Calderara, 1984); isabellae (Rothschild & Jordan, 1901); reginae (Salvin, 1888); rubianus Rothschild, 1904; epiphanes (Schmid, 1970, in Schaeffler 2001); and maramasikensis Morita, 2000 (in Schaeffler 2001)." 91184152,Trogonoptera brookiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Trogonoptera,brookiana,,,,,"(Wallace, 1855)","Haugum and Low (1982) recognise five subspecies: albescens (Malay Peninsula north to Thailand and Myanmar), trogon (Sumatra and adjacent islands, and Johor), cardinaali (Lingga Islands), natunensis (Natuna Islands), and the nominate subspecies brookiana (Borneo). Another subspecies, mollumar, is cited by some authors but is considered to be subspecies trogon by others (Kirton 2014)." 197312,Troides darsius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,darsius,,,,,"(Gray, 1852)", 22315,Troides prattorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,prattorum,,,,,"(Joicey & Talbot, 1922)","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species." 22305,Troides dohertyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,dohertyi,,,,,"(Rippon, 1893)","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species. Troides dohertyi is sometimes treated as a subspecies of T. rhadamantus: separation of the two taxa is based on differences in coloration and may not be justified (Matsuka 2001, in Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003)." 91187305,Troides criton,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,criton,,,,,"(C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860)","Two subspecies are known for this species: the nominate subspecies criton; and subspecies critonides (Fruhstorfer, 1903). Additional subspecies sometimes reported from the Sulawesi region (celebensis and selayarensis) are considered to be hybrids of Troides helena x T. haliphron (in Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003)." 91188321,Troides cuneifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,cuneifera,,,,,"Oberthür, 1879","There are three subspecies currently reported for this species (Ohya 2001): the nominate subspecies cuneifera; subspecies sumatranus (Hagen, 1894); and subspecies paeninsulae (Pendlebury, 1936)." 91188502,Troides haliphron,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,haliphron,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)","There are between twelve and fourteen recognised subspecies for this species (e.g., Matsuka 2001, Ohya 2001): here we consider the nominate subspecies haliphron; subspecies naias (Doherty, 1891); subspecies pallens (Oberthür, 1897); subpecies pistor Rothschild, 1896; subspecies purahu Kobayashi, 1987; subspecies bellwoni Neukirchen, 1993, subspecies ariadne, subspecies heptanonius (considered by some authors to be part of ariadne); subspecies rikyu, subspecies iris, and subspecies ikarus. 
The local from socrates from Timor Island is considered at the subspecific level by some authors (e.g. Ohya 2001). We follow Haeuser et al. 2012 and treat subspecies staudingeri as a full species (assessed as Troides staudingeri)." 91188701,Troides hypolitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,hypolitus,,,,,"(Cramer, [1775])","This species was previously treated under its own genus, Ripponia, by Haugum and Low (1982). However, both adults and early stages show no major morphologcial differences from the other Troides, to which it now belongs. Haugum and Low (1982) considered three subspecies, although now up to five subspecies are accepted (Collins and Morris 1985, Matsuka 2001, Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003): the nominate subspecies hypolitus; subspecies antiopa Rothschild, 1908; subspecies cellularis Rothschild, 1895; subspecies sulaensis (Staudinger, 1895); and subspecies caelicola Haugum & Low, 1982. Ohya (2001) only recognised four subspecies: cellularis, sulaensis, antiopa, and hypolitus. Morisode (2005) reported the description of a new subspecies, sangirensis from Sangir Islands in Indonesia; however this is not consistently recognized in taxonomic databases, and is here considered to be likely subspecies cellularis." 91188810,Troides magellanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,magellanus,,,,,"(C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)","

There are two subspecies reported for this species: the nominate subspecies magellanus, and subspecies sonani (Matsumura, 1931). 

" 91188957,Troides minos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,minos,,,,,"(Cramer, [1779])", 91189061,Troides miranda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,miranda,,,,,"(Butler, 1869)","There are three subspecies recognised for this species: the nominate subspecies miranda; subspecies neomiranda (Fruhstorfer, 1903); and subspecies hayamii Kobayashi, 1991." 91189223,Troides oblongomaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,oblongomaculatus,,,,,"(Goeze, 1779)","Between five and eight subspecies are reported for this species, depending on author: five are listed by Zeuner (1943), seven by Haugum and Low (1985) and eight by Rumbucher and von Knoetgen (including subspecies ilonae Schäffler, 1999 and subspecies cyclop (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005)). Here, we recognise six subspecies: the nominate subspecies oblongomaculatus; subspecies hanno Fruhstorfer, 1904; subspecies bouruensis (Wallace, 1865); papuensis (Wallace, 1865); thestius (Staudinger, 1896); and subspecies bandensis Pagenstecher, 1904. A rare form of the species found in Sulawesi is sometimes reported by some authors (e.g. Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003); this may be a form of T. helena affected by introgression from T. haliphron (Hancock 1983b) or a relict race of uncertain status (Haugum and Low 1983) and is not considered here, since there appears to be much consensus that the species does in fact not exist on Sulawesi (e.g. Vane-Wright and De Jong 2003).
On LepIndex, the species is listed under the name Troides oblongomaculus." 91189762,Troides plato,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,plato,,,,,"Wallace, 1865","This species is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of Troides haliphron; however, based on study of its genitalia, Haugum and Low (1983) consider this to be a good species." 91189820,Troides rhadamantus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,rhadamantus,,,,,"(Lucas, 1835)","Troides plateni is considered by some to be a subspecies of T. rhadamantus (Ohya 2001); however, here we follow Haeuser et al. (2012) and consider T. plateni as a good species in its own right." 91189855,Troides riedeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,riedeli,,,,,"(Kirsch, 1885)", 91189923,Troides staudingeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,staudingeri,,,,,"(Röber, 1888)","This species is sometimes listed as a subspecies of Troides hypolitus (e.g. Ohya 2001). Here, we follow Haeuser et al. (2012) and consider Troides staudingeri as a good species.
This species consists of six subspecies: Troides staudingeri staudingeri (Röber, 1888), T. s. iris (Röber, 1888), T. s. ariadne Rothschild, 1908, T. s. heptanonius (Fruhstorfer, 1913), T. s. ikarus Fruhstorfer, 1904 and T. s. rikyu Arima & Morimoto, 1991." 91189949,Troides vandepolli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,vandepolli,,,,,"(Snellen, 1890)","This species consists of three subspecies: Troides vandepolli vandepolli (Snellen, 1890); T. v. honrathiana (Martin, [1893]); T. v. parrottei Deslisle, 1989." 91211125,Hemisilurus heterorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Hemisilurus,heterorhynchus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 91211150,Hemisilurus moolenburghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Hemisilurus,moolenburghi,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1913", 181041,Kryptopterus cryptopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,cryptopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","Reports of this species from Mekong, Mae Khlong, Bang Pakong and Chao Phraya River drainages in mainland Southeast Asia are misidentifications of Kryptopterus geminus (Ng 2003)." 169563,Kryptopterus lumholtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,lumholtzi,,,,,"Rendahl, 1922", 91211464,Kryptopterus baramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,baramensis,,,,,"Ng, 2002", 91211485,Kryptopterus lais,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,lais,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","The diagnostic characters that purportedly distinguish K. lais from K. bicirrhis show considerable intraspecific variation, and it is not clear at the moment whether the two species may be conspecific (Weber & de Beaufort 1913; H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2019)." 91211508,Kryptopterus mononema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,mononema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)", 91211527,Kryptopterus palembangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,palembangensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","The diagnostic characters that purportedly distinguish K. palembangensis from K. bicirrhis show considerable intraspecific variation, and it is not clear at the moment whether the two species may be conspecific (Roberts 1989; H.H. Ng pers. comm. 2019)." 91211566,Kryptopterus piperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,piperatus,,,,,"Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2004", 91211592,Kryptopterus schilbeides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,schilbeides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 91211634,Micronema hexapterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Micronema,hexapterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 91211657,Micronema platypogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Micronema,platypogon,,,,,"(Ng, 2004)", 91211887,Ompok binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,binotatus,,,,,"Ng, 2002", 91211923,Ompok brevirictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,brevirictus,,,,,"Ng & Hadiaty, 2009", 91211945,Ompok eugeneiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,eugeneiatus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1893)", 91211963,Ompok miostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,miostoma,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91211987,Ompok platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,platyrhynchus,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 2004", 91212012,Ompok pluriradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,pluriradiatus,,,,,"Ng, 2002", 91212074,Ompok rhadinurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,rhadinurus,,,,,"Ng, 2003", 91212085,Ompok sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,sabanus,,,,,"Inger & Chin, 1959", 91212100,Ompok supernus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,supernus,,,,,"Ng, 2008", 91212116,Ompok weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,weberi,,,,,"(Hardenberg, 1936)", 181253,Phalacronotus micronemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Phalacronotus,micronemus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)","This species was described from Batavia [=Jakarta] in western Java (Bleeker 1846). There is some confusion between this species and P. apogon, and a thorough taxonomic review of the genus is necessary" 91212335,Phalacronotus parvanalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Phalacronotus,parvanalis,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1959)", 20228,Pterocryptis furnessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Pterocryptis,furnessi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1905)", 91212399,Ompok taytayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,taytayensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1924)", 187968,Silurichthys schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,schneideri,,,,,"Volz, 1904","The species was described from the vicinity of Sukaranda, northern Sumatra (Volz 1904). Silurichthys leucopodus Fowler 1939, described from Trang in peninsular Thailand, is considered its junior synonym (Ng and Ng 1998)." 91212933,Silurichthys citatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,citatus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1997", 91213322,Silurichthys gibbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,gibbiceps,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 1998", 91213337,Silurichthys ligneolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,ligneolus,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 2011", 91213366,Silurichthys marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,marmoratus,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 1998", 91213383,Silurichthys phaiosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,phaiosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 87351292,Anaglyptus zappii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Anaglyptus,zappii,,,,,"Rapuzzi & Sama, 2014", 91213412,Silurichthys sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurichthys,sanguineus,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91213500,Wallagonia maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Wallagonia,maculatus,,,,,"(Inger & Chin, 1859)", 91214358,Glyptothorax exodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,exodon,,,,,"Ng & Rachmatika, 2005", 91214374,Glyptothorax ketambe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,ketambe,,,,,"Ng & Hadiaty, 2009", 91214529,Glyptothorax nieuwenhuisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,nieuwenhuisi,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91214589,Glyptothorax platypogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,platypogon,,,,,"(Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840)", 91214675,Glyptothorax platypogonides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,platypogonides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 91214712,Glyptothorax plectilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,plectilis,,,,,"Ng & Hadiaty, 2008", 169516,Acrochordonichthys chamaeleon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,chamaeleon,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 91215215,Acrochordonichthys falcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,falcifer,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 2001", 91215258,Acrochordonichthys guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,guttatus,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 2001", 91215374,Acrochordonichthys ischnosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,ischnosoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858", 91215424,Acrochordonichthys mahakamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,mahakamensis,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 2001", 91215483,Acrochordonichthys pachyderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,pachyderma,,,,,"Vaillant, 1902", 91215500,Acrochordonichthys rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,rugosus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)", 91215579,Acrochordonichthys strigosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Acrochordonichthys,strigosus,,,,,"Ng & Ng, 2001", 91215686,Akysis galeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,galeatus,,,,,"Page, Rachmatika & Robins, in Page, Hadiaty, López, Rachmatika & Robins, 2007", 91215818,Akysis heterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,heterurus,,,,,"Ng, 1996", 91215828,Akysis scorteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,scorteus,,,,,"Page, Hadiaty & López, in Page, Hadiaty, López, Rachmatika & Robins, 2007", 91215838,Akysis variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Akysis,variegatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)", 91215880,Breitensteinia cessator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Breitensteinia,cessator,,,,,"Ng & Siebert, 1998", 91215929,Breitensteinia hypselurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Breitensteinia,hypselurus,,,,,"Ng & Siebert, 1998", 91215961,Breitensteinia insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Breitensteinia,insignis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1881", 91216070,Parakysis anomalopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Parakysis,anomalopteryx,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91216120,Parakysis grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Parakysis,grandis,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 1995", 91216165,Parakysis hystriculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Parakysis,hystriculus,,,,,"Ng, 2009", 91216223,Parakysis notialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Parakysis,notialis,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2003", 91216246,Parakysis verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Parakysis,verrucosus,,,,,"Herre, 1940", 91216445,Pseudobagarius alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,alfredi,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 1998)", 91216542,Pseudobagarius baramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,baramensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1905)", 91216737,Pseudobagarius fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,fuscus,,,,,"(Ng & Kottelat, 1998)", 91216760,Pseudobagarius macronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,macronema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 91216802,Pseudobagarius meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,meridionalis,,,,,"(Ng & Siebert, 2004)", 91216896,Pseudobagarius pseudobagarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AKYSIDAE,Pseudobagarius,pseudobagarius,,,,,"(Roberts, 1989)", 201457,Pseudeutropius indigens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Pseudeutropius,indigens,,,,,"Ng & Vidthayanon, 2011", 91220390,Helicophagus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Helicophagus,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1857", 91220938,Helicophagus waandersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Helicophagus,waandersii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858", 169550,Pangasius macronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,macronema,,,,,"Bleeker, 1850", 180650,Pangasius polyuranodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,polyuranodon,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852","In mainland south-east Asia Pangasius elongatus is often reported as this species. Pouyaud et al. (2002) revised the species." 91221369,Pangasius djambal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,djambal,,,,,"Bleeker, 1846", 91221413,Pangasius humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,humeralis,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91221429,Pangasius kinabatanganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,kinabatanganensis,,,,,"Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991", 91221467,Pangasius kunyit,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,kunyit,,,,,"Pouyaud, Teugels & Legendre, 1999", 91221658,Pangasius lithostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,lithostoma,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91221705,Pangasius mahakamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,mahakamensis,,,,,"Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels, 2002", 91222457,Pangasius nieuwenhuisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,nieuwenhuisii,,,,,"(Popta, 1904)", 91222487,Pangasius rheophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,rheophilus,,,,,"Pouyaud & Teugels, 2000", 91222497,Pangasius sabahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,sabahensis,,,,,"Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2002", 181073,Pseudolais micronemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pseudolais,micronemus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1846)","" 91223080,Clarias anfractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,anfractus,,,,,"Ng, 1999", 91226444,Clarias insolitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,insolitus,,,,,"Ng, 2003", 91226506,Clarias kapuasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,kapuasensis,,,,,"Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003", 91226527,Clarias microspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,microspilus,,,,,"Ng & Hadiaty, 2011", 91226545,Clarias microstomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,microstomus,,,,,"Ng, 2001", 91226566,Clarias nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,nigricans,,,,,"Ng, 2003", 91226579,Clarias olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,olivaceus,,,,,"Fowler, 1904", 91226603,Clarias planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,planiceps,,,,,"Ng, 1999", 91226625,Clarias pseudoleiacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,pseudoleiacanthus,,,,,"Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003", 91226655,Clarias pseudonieuhofii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,pseudonieuhofii,,,,,"Sudarto, Pouyaud & Teugels, 2004", 91226668,Clarias sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,sulcatus,,,,,"Ng, 2004", 7726,Encheloclarias kelioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Encheloclarias,kelioides,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 1993", 7728,Encheloclarias tapeinopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Encheloclarias,tapeinopterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 91227352,Encheloclarias baculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Encheloclarias,baculum,,,,,"Ng & Lim, 1993", 91227393,Encheloclarias medialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Encheloclarias,medialis,,,,,"Ng, 2012", 91227424,Encheloclarias velatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Encheloclarias,velatus,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 2000", 91227479,Chaca serica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CHACIDAE,Chaca,serica,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2012", 58273,Minervarya keralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,keralensis,,,,,"(Dubois, 1981)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya. This taxon has now been moved to the genus Minervarya (Sanchez et al. 2018).

Several species might be currently confused under this name. Specimens collected in the northern part of its range have been found to belong to Fejervarya pierrei Dubois, 1975 (Biju 2001)." 58278,Minervarya murthii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,murthii,,,,,"(Pillai, 1979)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change.

This species is known only from the type series, and further taxonomic studies are required." 58279,Minervarya mysorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,mysorensis,,,,,"(Rao, 1922)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change.

The taxonomic validity of this species is not certain and it is still known only from the type series published in 1922." 58280,Minervarya nepalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,nepalensis,,,,,"(Dubois, 1975)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya.

This taxon has been moved to the genus Minervarya (Sanchez et al. 2018). It is thought to be a taxonomic complex, and taxonomic work is required to fully delineate it (India Red List Assessment Workshop February 2021)." 58282,Minervarya nilagirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,nilagirica,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana was then recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species was returned to the genus Fejervarya. This taxon has now been moved to the genus Minervarya (Sanchez et al. 2018)." 58284,Minervarya parambikulamana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,parambikulamana,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change.

The type specimen is believed to be lost (Dubois 1984). Its systematic status is uncertain." 58285,Minervarya pierrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,pierrei,,,,,"(Dubois, 1975)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred in to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), and now the taxon has been moved to the genus Minervarya (Sanchez et al. 2018).

Further taxonomic research is required as this may be a synonym of M. agricola (Chandramouli, S.R. and Prudhvi Raj pers. comm. September 2020)." 58288,Minervarya rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,rufescens,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change." 58289,Minervarya sauriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,sauriceps,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change.

The holotype of this species is lost, and its taxonomic validity is in question (N. Modak pers. comm. September 2020)." 58291,Minervarya syhadrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,syhadrensis,,,,,"(Annandale, 1919)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred it to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change." 58292,Minervarya teraiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,teraiensis,,,,,"(Dubois, 1984)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred in to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognised as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), and the species was returned to the genus Fejervarya. This taxon was subsequently moved to the genus Minervarya (Sanchez et al. 2018)." 55084,Allobates fratisenescus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,fratisenescus,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)", 20472,Spermophilus citellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,citellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Eight subspecies have been described, but their validity was not confirmed in a comprehensive review of the species (Kryštufek 1996, 1999)." 165773,Neritina pulligera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,pulligera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)","Several subspecies have been described. In the western Indian Ocean, Neritina pulligera knorii and Neritina pulligera stumpfi are present. Two synonyms are recognized: Neritina bruguierei Recluz, 1841 and Neritina rara Dufo, 1840." 189789,Pila cecillei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,cecillei,,,,,"(Philippi, 1849)", 4970,Cleopatra grandidieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,grandidieri,,,,,Crosse & Fischer,The distribution of Cleopatra grandidieri on Madagascar is rather strange; the species occurs (or did occur) in the central and lower parts of most rivers at the eastern side and is only known from the western part from a single locality in the southwest and a second one in the northwest. This disjunct distribution probably reflects an extinction and relictualisation on the western side of the island in the past. Genetic research is necessary to establish if C. grandidieri is a single species or a species group consisting of three species. 40092,Paludomus ajanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Paludomus,ajanensis,,,,,"Morelet, 1860", 11302,Lantzia carinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Lantzia,carinata,,,,,"Jousseaume, 1872","In literature this species was often placed under the genus Erinna which is found in Hawaii in similar habitat. However, this is a case of convergence and not relationship." 22137449,Pettancylus modestus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,modestus,,,,,"(Crosse, 1880)", 9594,Gyraulus mauritianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,mauritianus,,,,,"(Morelet, 1876)",According to Brown (1994) this is one of the freshwater species occurring on the islands of the Indian Ocean that is taxonomically related to Asian and not to African taxa. 3315,Bulinus cernicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,cernicus,,,,,"Morelet, 1867","Originally considered as a form of B. forskalii, genetic analysis have proven it to be a distinct species (Kane et al. 2008)" 173096,Germainaia geayi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Germainaia,geayi,,,,,"(Germain, 1911)","The genus name Germainaia was created by Graf & Cummings (2009) for a few medium sized najad shells that had been collected by the French naturalist Martin-François Geay during his explorations in Madagascar (1904-1908) and originally described as Unio (Nodularia) geayi by Germain (2011). No precise type locality is known and considering that Geay also collected in New Zealand and Australia in 1908, where he died, the origin of the material remains uncertain. Graf and Cummings (2009, 2011) do accept that the material originates from Madagascar, adding that its family classification remains doubtful (incertae sedis), i.e. either Unionidae (with Laurasian and African distribution) or Hyriidae (Australian- S. American)." 3795,Capra cylindricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,cylindricornis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1841)","It is still unclear whether or not Capra caucasica and Capra cylindricornis are two separate species (as followed here), or are a single species with geographically dependent variability, or two semi-species with morphologically intermediate, possibly hybrid population between them (Weinberg, Akkiev and Buchukuri 2010)." 618,Africanogyrus rodriguezensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Africanogyrus,rodriguezensis,,,,,"(Crosse, 1873)","The generic name Afrogyrus Brown & Mandahl-Barth, 1973  being occupied (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae), the genus now is called Africanogyrus Özdikmen & Darılmaz (2007)." 619,Africanogyrus starmuehlneri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Africanogyrus,starmuehlneri,,,,,"(Brown, 1980)", 165795,Thiara amarula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,amarula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 91288252,Melampus lividus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,lividus,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1830) ", 91288566,Allochroa succinea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Allochroa,succinea,,,,,"Perugia, 2010", 185774,Pedipes affinis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Pedipes,affinis,,,,,"Ferussac, 1821", 91288887,Laemodonta clausa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,clausa,,,,,"(Deshayes, 1830)","It is unclear from the litterature if Laemodonta clausa (Deshayes, 1830) and Laemodonta octanfracta (Jonas, 1848) are distinct species." 91288929,Laemodonta madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,madagascariensis,,,,,"Bozzetti, 2007", 91288981,Laemodonta livida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Laemodonta,livida,,,,,"Perugia, 2010 ",This is a recently described species (Perugia 2010). 184918,Auriculastra subula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Auriculastra,subula,,,,,"(Qouy & Gaimard, 1832)", 91289406,Clithon madecassinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,madecassinum,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","Neritina spiniperda Morelet, 1860 (endemic to the Nossi-Bé are in Madagascar) is not considerd as a valid species by Bouchet et al. (2016) but as a possible synonym of Clithon madecassinum. However, this form has not been refound over a century and its taxonomic place remains doubtful." 91289815,Neripteron bensoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neripteron,bensoni,,,,,"(Récluz, 1850)","The form from Réunion is referred by some authors as N. bensoni forma guerini Récluz, 1841." 91289864,Neripteron simoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neripteron,simoni,,,,,"(Prashad, 1921)", 91289947,Neritilia vulgaris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITILIIDAE,Neritilia,vulgaris,,,,,"Kano & Kase, 2003","Neritilia vulgaris Kobe & Kane, 2003 is one of the three species in which the former Neritilia rubida was split by Kobe and Kane (2003). Two of these species, namely N. rubida s.s. and N. vulgaris have a partly overlapping range." 91290016,Neritina turrita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,turrita,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)", 91290280,Lanistes grasseti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,grasseti,,,,,"(Morelet, 1863)", 91290377,Cleopatra colbeaui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,colbeaui,,,,,"(Craven, 1880)", 91290430,Cleopatra madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Crosse & Fischer, 1872)", 91290545,Thiara datura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Thiara,datura,,,,,"(Dorhn, 1858)","The systematic position of this species is uncertain. French taxonomists consider it to belong to the genus Plotia (presently split in Menieplotia and Plotia) while in the Anglosaxon literature Plotia is still considered a subgenus of Thiara. Genetic taxonomic research of the different Indo-Pacific species of the Thiara-group sensu lato is necessary, since the species are morphologically highly variable and overlap each other in conchyological characteristics. If the species that occurs on Mauritius, Réunion and the Comoros is indeed T. datura also needs confirmation." 91290658,Melanoides psorica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,psorica,,,,,"(Morelet, 1864)","Melanoides psorica may be a slender form of the circumtropical species M. melanoides, from which it differs little morphologically. Fischer-Piette and Vukadinovic (1973), considering the species to be a junior synonym, do not provide a map either for M. melanoides or for M. psorica. Since Morelet (1864) does not even give a type locality, we do not know on which part of the island M. psorica is supposed to occur. Recent genetic research of African and Asian Melanoides tuberculata including material from Madagascar did demonstrate the existence of two different Malgachian clades in the phylogentic COI tree, one clustering together with Melanoides tuberculata morphs (M. virgulata, M. nodicincta, etc.) from Lake Malawi and another forming a cluster with M. tuberculata specimens from Indonesia and western Thailand (Dechruksa 2012). This may reflect different origins and probably also differences of the moment of colonisation. Further genetic investigation is necessary." 91290806,Assiminea hidalgoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,hidalgoi,,,,,"(Gassies, 1869)",Brown (1994) refers to this species under Paludinella but it is recently cited as Assiminea hidalgoi. 91290991,Africanogyrus crassilabrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Africanogyrus,crassilabrum,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","The generic name Afrogyrus Brown & Mandahl-Barth, 1973  being occupied (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae), the genus now is called Africanogyrus Özdikmen & Darılmaz, 2007) . " 91292433,Unio madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,madagascariensis,,,,,"Sganzin, 1841","Unio madagascariensis is a nomen dubium (Graf & Cummings, 2009). It is only known from the extremely summary description of  Sganzin (1841) who states that adult specimens have the size of a Potadoma littoralis (hence with an adult lenght of ca. 50-70 mm) but are very fragile and of a greenish color." 91292882,Unio malgachensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unio,malgachensis,,,,,"Germain, 1911","Unio malgachensis is also considered a nomen dubium by Graf & Cummings (2009). Only the type is known, which is of a juvenile najad (L = 12 mm) that can not be identified on genus or family level (Graf and Cummings 2009)." 91293514,Corbicula madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,madagascariensis,,,,,"Smith, 1882",According to recent molecular research (Pigneur et al. 2014) is Corbicula madagascariensis a distinct species and not a form of C. fluminalis. 91293534,Eupera degorteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,degorteri,,,,,"(Kuiper, 1954)", 91293547,Pisidium johnsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,johnsoni,,,,,"Smith, 1882","The type material of P. pauliani, deposited at the Museé d'Histoire Naturel (Paris) seems to be lost." 91293564,Pisidium betafoense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,betafoense,,,,,"Kuiper, 1953", 165807,Sphaerium capense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,capense,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)", 181156,Datnioides polota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DATNIOIDIDAE,Datnioides,polota,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 91304355,Gymnochanda filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Gymnochanda,filamentosa,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1855", 91304890,Gymnochanda flamea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Gymnochanda,flamea,,,,,"Roberts, 1995", 91304912,Gymnochanda limi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Gymnochanda,limi,,,,,"Kottelat, 1995", 91304934,Gymnochanda ploegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Gymnochanda,ploegi,,,,,"Tan & Lim, 2014", 91304978,Gymnochanda verae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Gymnochanda,verae,,,,,"Tan & Lim, 2011", 91305055,Paradoxodacna piratica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Paradoxodacna,piratica,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 181175,Parambassis apogonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,apogonoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 181174,Parambassis wolffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,wolffii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 91305887,Parambassis macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,macrolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 91305934,Nandus mercatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Nandus,mercatus,,,,,"Ng, 2008", 91305949,Nandus prolixus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NANDIDAE,Nandus,prolixus,,,,,"Chakrabarty, Oldfield & Ng, 2006", 91307091,Betta akarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,akarensis,,,,,"Regan, 1910", 91307122,Betta albimarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,albimarginata,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 1994", 180658,Betta apollon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,apollon,,,,,"Schindler & Schmidt, 2006", 169526,Betta bellica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,bellica,,,,,"Sauvage, 1884", 2772,Betta burdigala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,burdigala,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 1994", 2781,Betta chini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,chini,,,,,"Ng, 1993", 2773,Betta chloropharynx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,chloropharynx,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 1994", 181208,Betta ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,ferox,,,,,"Schindler & Schmidt, 2006", 180942,Betta kuehnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,kuehnei,,,,,"Schindler & Schmidt, 2008", 2775,Betta livida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,livida,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1992", 2780,Betta miniopinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,miniopinna,,,,,"Tan & Tan, 1994", 2779,Betta persephone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,persephone,,,,,"Schaller, 1986", 169515,Betta picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,picta,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)", 169568,Betta pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,pinguis,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 1998", 2776,Betta spilotogena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,spilotogena,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 1994", 91308732,Betta anabatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,anabatoides,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 91308798,Betta antoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,antoni,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2006", 91308928,Betta aurigans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,aurigans,,,,,"Tan & Lim, 2004", 91308948,Betta balunga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,balunga,,,,,"Herre, 1940", 91309063,Betta breviobesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,breviobesa,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 1998", 91309202,Betta brownorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,brownorum,,,,,"Witte & Schmidt, 1992", 91309244,Betta channoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,channoides,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 1994", 91309333,Betta coccina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,coccina,,,,,"Vierke, 1979", 91309365,Betta compuncta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,compuncta,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2006", 91309381,Betta cracens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,cracens,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91309581,Betta dennisyongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,dennisyongi,,,,,"Tan, 2013", 91309636,Betta dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,dimidiata,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 91309748,Betta edithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,edithae,,,,,"Vierke, 1984", 91309778,Betta enisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,enisae,,,,,"Kottelat, 1995", 91309800,Betta falx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,falx,,,,,"Tan & Kottelat, 1998", 91309890,Betta foerschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,foerschi,,,,,"Vierke, 1979", 91309914,Betta gladiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,gladiator,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91309930,Betta hendra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,hendra,,,,,"Schindler & Linke, 2013", 91309946,Betta ibanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,ibanorum,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2004", 91309980,Betta ideii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,ideii,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2006", 91310005,Betta krataios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,krataios,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2006", 91310030,Betta lehi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,lehi,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91310090,Betta mandor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,mandor,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2006", 91310127,Betta midas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,midas,,,,,"Tan, 2009 ", 91310147,Betta obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,obscura,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91310204,Betta ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,ocellata,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1933", 91310257,Betta pallifina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,pallifina,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91310332,Betta pardalotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,pardalotos,,,,,"Tan, 2009", 91310403,Betta patoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,patoti,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1922", 91310460,Betta pi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,pi,,,,,"Tan, 1998", 91310477,Betta pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,pulchra,,,,,"Tan & Tan, 1996", 91310489,Betta raja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,raja,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91310503,Betta renata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,renata,,,,,"Tan, 1998", 91310582,Betta rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,rubra,,,,,"Perugia, 1893", 91310650,Betta rutilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,rutilans,,,,,"Witte & Kottelat, in Kottelat, 1991", 91310721,Betta schalleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,schalleri,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 1994", 91310746,Betta simorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,simorum,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 1996", 91310771,Betta stigmosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,stigmosa,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91310886,Betta taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,taeniata,,,,,"Regan, 1910", 91310981,Betta tussyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,tussyae,,,,,"Schaller, 1985", 91311009,Betta uberis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,uberis,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2006", 91311051,Betta unimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,unimaculata,,,,,"(Popta, 1905)", 91311212,Betta waseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,waseri,,,,,"Krummenacher, 1986", 91311316,Luciocephalus aura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Luciocephalus,aura,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 2005", 91311386,Osphronemus laticlavius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Osphronemus,laticlavius,,,,,"Roberts, 1992", 91311452,Osphronemus septemfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Osphronemus,septemfasciatus,,,,,"Roberts, 1992", 91311620,Parosphromenus allani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,allani,,,,,"Brown, 1987", 91311649,Parosphromenus anjunganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,anjunganensis,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 91311726,Parosphromenus bintan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,bintan,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 1998", 91311819,Parosphromenus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,filamentosus,,,,,"Vierke, 1981", 91311866,Parosphromenus gunawani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,gunawani,,,,,"Schindler & Linke, 2012", 91315551,Parosphromenus linkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,linkei,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 91315598,Parosphromenus nagyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,nagyi,,,,,"Schaller, 1985", 91315629,Parosphromenus opallios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,opallios,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 2005", 91315657,Parosphromenus ornaticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,ornaticauda,,,,,"Kottelat, 1991", 91315715,Parosphromenus pahuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,pahuensis,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 2005", 91315727,Parosphromenus paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,paludicola,,,,,"Tweedie, 1952", 91315761,Parosphromenus parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,parvulus,,,,,"Vierke, 1979", 91315790,Parosphromenus phoenicurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,phoenicurus,,,,,"Schindler & Linke, 2012", 91315810,Parosphromenus quindecim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,quindecim,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 2005", 91315829,Parosphromenus rubrimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,rubrimontis,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 2005", 91315858,Parosphromenus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,sumatranus,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1955", 91315953,Parosphromenus tweediei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,tweediei,,,,,"Kottelat & Ng, 2005", 169553,Sphaerichthys vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Sphaerichthys,vaillanti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1930", 91316029,Sphaerichthys acrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Sphaerichthys,acrostoma,,,,,"Vierke, 1979", 91316069,Sphaerichthys selatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Sphaerichthys,selatanensis,,,,,"Vierke, 1979", 187958,Trichopodus leerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopodus,leerii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","
" 91316394,Trichopodus poptae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Trichopodus,poptae,,,,,"Low, Tan & Britz, 2014", 88136917,Leptobrachella isos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,isos,,,,,"(Rowley, Stuart, Neang, Hoang, Dau, Nguyen, & Emmett, 2015)", 91345156,Channa baramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,baramensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1901)", 91345191,Channa cyanospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,cyanospilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 91345315,Channa melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,melanoptera,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 91345419,Channa pleurophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,pleurophthalma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 181294,Macrognathus tapirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,tapirus,,,,,"Kottelat & Widjanarti, 2005", 91345809,Macrognathus keithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,keithi,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)", 169555,Chendol lubricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,CHAUDHURIIDAE,Chendol,lubricus,,,,,"Kottelat & Lim, 1994", 180707,Brachirus panoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,panoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 181186,Auriglobus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Auriglobus,modestus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 169557,Auriglobus nefastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Auriglobus,nefastus,,,,,"(Roberts, 1982)", 91347369,Auriglobus amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Auriglobus,amabilis,,,,,"(Roberts, 1982)", 91347381,Auriglobus remotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Auriglobus,remotus,,,,,"(Roberts, 1982)", 91347425,Auriglobus silus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Auriglobus,silus,,,,,"(Roberts, 1982)", 91347806,Carinotetraodon borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Carinotetraodon,borneensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)", 91347842,Carinotetraodon irrubesco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Carinotetraodon,irrubesco,,,,,"Tan, 1999", 91347869,Carinotetraodon salivator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Carinotetraodon,salivator,,,,,"Lim & Kottelat, 1995", 91347895,Dichotomyctere kretamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Dichotomyctere,kretamensis,,,,,"(Inger, 1853)", 91347926,Dichotomyctere ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Dichotomyctere,ocellatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)", 91348023,Dichotomyctere sabahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Dichotomyctere,sabahensis,,,,,"(Dekkers, 1975)", 91348121,Pao bergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,bergii,,,,,"(Popta, 1905)", 91348333,Pao leiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,leiurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 91348632,Pao palembangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,palembangensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 91350773,Clupeoides hypselosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeoides,hypselosoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1865", 91352851,Neritina coronata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neritina,coronata,,,,,"Leach, 1815","Neritopsine populations from Madagascar and the Mascarenes have been often described as Clithon corona (Linnaeus, 1758) or as C. longispina (Récluz, 1841) and C. brevispina (Riech, 1937), which should be considered synonyms of the first.

Clithon corona does occur in the eastern Indo-Pacific, in Papua New Guinea, Guam, Caroline Islands, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa, Taiwan and New Caledonia. All above references from Madagascar and the Mascarenes should be attributed to Clithon coronatus (Leach, 1815). Inversely, references of C. corona from the eastern Pacific are erroneous.

The shells described as C. longispina (Récluz, 1841) and Clithon brevispina described from the island  of Madagascar do come from other localities in the Indo-Pacific according to Fischer-Piette and Vulkadinovic (1973).
" 91352888,Neritilia rubida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITILIIDAE,Neritilia,rubida,,,,,"(Pease, 1865)", 91353068,Madagasikara spinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Madagasikara,spinosa,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1822)", 13022,Madagasikara madagascarensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Madagasikara,madagascarensis,,,,,"(Grateloup, 1840)","This species is presently placed in the new genus Madagisikara Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2010. It previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Melanatria." 91353263,Madagasikara johnsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Madagasikara,johnsoni,,,,,"(E.A. Smith, 1882)", 91353281,Madagasikara vazimba,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Madagasikara,vazimba,,,,,"Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2010 ", 91353325,Madagasikara vivipara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Madagasikara,vivipara,,,,,"Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2010 ", 91353335,Madagasikara zazavavindrano,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Madagasikara,zazavavindrano,,,,,"Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2010 ", 165782,Biomphalaria pfeifferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,pfeifferi,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","Molecular research has shown that populations considered as Biomphalaria pfeifferi on morphological characteristics differ from those that are genetically identified as B. pfeifferi (Jørgensen et al. 2007). There is hence a severe identification problem since shell diagnostics appear to be useless for identification of this species. In particular, specimens collected from Uganda which were identified as morphologically B. pfeifferi were found to be genetically different (Jørgensen et al. 2007). The present assessment is based on the morphotype of this species, but future reassessments need to take into account that what was previously known as B. pfeifferi may be split into a number of new species." 155538,Physella acuta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PHYSIDAE,Physella,acuta,,,,,"Draparnaud, 1805","Taylor (2003) transferred this species to genus Haitia Clench & Aguayo, 1932, and it was then subsequently moved to genus Physella (MolluscaBase 2021)." 91356351,Cryptotis perijensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,perijensis,,,,,"Quiroga-Carmona & Woodman, 2015",New species. 13437,Microtus kermanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,kermanensis,,,,,"Roguin, 1988","Was previously included within M. transcaspicus, until split out (Golenishchev et al. 2000)." 78929632,Pulchrana centropeninsularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,centropeninsularis,,,,,"(Chan, Brown, Lim, Ahmad & Grismer, 2014)","

In Hylarana signata complex, this is a split from the broader concept of Hylarana siberu (Chan et al. 2014). Currently known as Pulchrana centropeninsularis after a phylogenetic review by Oliver et al. (2015).

" 91394943,Tetropium tauricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Tetropium,tauricum,,,,,"Shapovalov, 2007", 91394977,Stictoleptura ivoroberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Stictoleptura,ivoroberti,,,,,"Sama, 2010", 78584984,Glyphoglossus capsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,capsus,,,,,"(Das,Min, Hsu, Hertwig & Haas, 2014)", 57984,Uperodon anamalaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,anamalaiensis,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change.

The holotype of this species is lost, and the designation of a neotype is necessary if this proves to be a valid species." 91600830,Chitala hypselonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Chitala,hypselonotus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 57985,Uperodon minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,minor,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change.

The holotype of this species is lost, and the designation of a neotype is necessary if this proves to be a valid species.

Taxon is a synonym of Uperodon anamalaiensis (Peloso et al. 2016)." 91601530,Aperioptus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Aperioptus,robertsi,,,,,"(Siebert, 1991)", 43114861,Ellopostoma megalomycter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ELLOPOSTOMATIDAE,Ellopostoma,megalomycter,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1902)", 188000,Pseudohomaloptera leonardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Pseudohomaloptera,leonardi,,,,,"(Hora, 1941)","Records of this species from Cambodia (Rainboth 1996) might be Homaloptera yunnanensis (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 91601893,Pseudohomaloptera batek,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Pseudohomaloptera,batek,,,,,"(Tan, 2009)", 57987,Uperodon mormoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,mormoratus,,,,,"(Rao, 1937)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Based upon the work of Peloso et al. (2016), Ramanella (Rao and Ramanna, 1925) is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon (Duméril and Bibron, 1841), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon. The current spelling for this taxon is Uperodon mormoratus (Peloso et al. 2016, Frost 2021)." 91601952,Pseudohomaloptera tatereganii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Pseudohomaloptera,tatereganii,,,,,"(Popta, 1905)", 91602371,Polydactylus luparensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,luparensis,,,,,"Lim, Motomura & Gambang, 2010", 91602411,Polydactylus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 91602434,Polynemus hornadayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polynemus,hornadayi,,,,,"Myers, 1936", 91602450,Polynemus kapuasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polynemus,kapuasensis,,,,,"Motomura & van Oijen, 2003", 91602498,Polynemus multifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polynemus,multifilis,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1843", 196434,Rhyacichthys aspro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,RHYACICHTHYIDAE,Rhyacichthys,aspro,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","The current understanding of this species appears to be composed of several cryptic taxa, however the taxonomic work has not been undertaken (Z. Jaafar pers. comm. 2019)." 91603690,Trypauchenichthys sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trypauchenichthys,sumatrensis,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1931", 91603714,Trypauchenichthys typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trypauchenichthys,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 49830321,Leporinus arcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,arcus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912","When better studied, it is possible that the disjunct population identified as Leporinus arcus from the Guiana Shield in Venezuela will prove to be a different, undescribed species." 49830033,Leporinus moralesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,moralesi,,,,,"Fowler, 1942","Esta espécie foi descrita por Steindachner (1876) como Leporinus mulleri, nome pré-ocupado e por isso substituído por Leporinus moralesi por Fowler (1942). Birindelli et al. (in press) consideram a espécie Leporinus uatumaensis Santos e Jégu, 1996 como um sinônimo júnior de Leporinus moralesi." 49829557,Cyphocharax nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,nigripinnis,,,,,"Vari, 1992",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 57991,Uperodon triangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,triangularis,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon. 

The taxonomy of this species needs to be resolved, as current collections probably represent more than one taxon." 167746,Semaprochilodus taeniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Semaprochilodus,taeniurus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1821)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 57992,Uperodon variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,variegatus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1872)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change." 57858,Uperodon taprobanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,taprobanicus,,,,,"(Parker, 1934)",When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Kaloula. Peloso et al. (2016) transferred the species to the genus Uperodon. It is possible that the Sri Lanka subpopulations belong to a distinct species. 79076712,Leptobrachella platycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,platycephala,,,,,"(Dehling, 2012)",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptolalax gracilis (Dehling 2012).

This species was moved from Leptolalax to Leptobrachella (Chen et al. 2018). 158636,Ansonia latiffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,latiffi,,,,,"Wood, Grismer, Ahmad & Senawi, 2008", 135841,Ansonia latirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,latirostra,,,,,"Grismer, 2006", 107655417,Darevskia defilippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,defilippii,,,,,"(Camerano, 1877)",Anderson (1999) suggested that the population from Mazanderan in the valley of the Rud-e Atrak of the Kopet Dagh may prove to be a distinct taxon. This form has subsequently been described as the new species Darevskia kopetdaghica by Ahmadzadeh et al. (2013) and is assessed separately. 164581,Eublepharis turcmenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Eublepharis,turcmenicus,,,,,"Darevsky, 1977", 164771,Phrynocephalus golubewii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,golubewii,,,,,"Shenbrot & Semyonov, 1990","The validity of this species was questioned by Golubev in Ščerzbak (2003), who considered it an isolated population attributable to Phrynocephalus maculatus. According to Barabanov and Ananjeva (2007) P. golubewii is presently considered a valid species. It was treated within P. maculatus by Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008), who however, noted that it appeared to be well-separated in the phylogeny provided by Arnold (1999)." 170412,Phrynocephalus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,melanurus,,,,,"Eichwald, 1831","This species has been listed as a possible synonym of Phrynocephalus versicolor Strauch, 1876 (Wermuth 1967). Both genetic and morphological evidence supports its recognition as a distinct species (Dunayev 1989, Solovyeva et al. 2014), a scheme that has been widely followed subsequently (Brushko 1995, Tuniyev and Ananjeva 2010, Solovyeva et al. 2014). Solovyeva et al. (2014) found that an undescribed, morphologically distinct taxon from the Dzhungarian Gate was genetically close to P. melanurus.

In a nomenclatural review of Phrynocephalus, Barabanov et al. (2007) referred P. grumgrzimailoi to the synonymy of P. melanurus based on the type locality and lectotype morphology. This work was however not a formal taxonomic review, and the name P. grumgrzimailoi has since been recognized in Chinese literature. This distinction is however ""based on unreliable material and should be revised"" (A. Barabanov pers. comm. 2018). Pending further taxonomic work, this account follows Barabanov et al. (2007) and the recommendation of A. Barabanov (pers. comm. 2018) in treating P. grumgrzimailoi as a junior synonym of P. melanurus." 61846,Glyphoglossus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,minutus,,,,,"(Das, Yaakob & Lim, 2004)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2006) it was under the generic name Calluella. Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Glyphoglossus Gunther, 1869 ""1868"" (Peloso et al. 2015), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Gylyphoglossus. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change." 58286,Fejervarya pulla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,pulla,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)","This species is considered to be incertae sedis within the genera Hoplobatrachus or Fejervarya by Dubois, 1986. Considered as a possible member of Hoplobatrachus by Matsui et al. 2007, but without discussing evidence." 59633,Ichthyophis singaporensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,singaporensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1960","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It has been suggested that taxonomic distinctiveness of Ichthyophis monochrous, I. glutinosus, I. singaporensis and I. paucisulcus needs confirmation via genetic analyses (Grismer and Pan 2008)." 91864677,Lichanura orcutti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Lichanura,orcutti,,,,,"Stejneger, 1889", 91866800,Phrynocephalus alpherakii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,alpherakii,,,,,"Bedriaga in Nikolsky, 1905","The distribution and biogeographical distinctness of this taxon from Phrynocephalus guttatus was clarified by Dunayev (2009) who, however, retained it as a subspecies within ""superspecies guttatus"" despite recognizing a geographically intermediate form as the full species P. kuscakewitschi. Solovyeva et al. (2014) confirmed its distinctness on genetic grounds (with a genetic distance of 4–5%) and treated it as a full species, and this scheme is followed here." 91866903,Phrynocephalus kuschakewitschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,kuschakewitschi,,,,,"Bedriaga in Nikolsky, 1905","This species was elevated from subspecific status within the eastern population of the Phrynocephalus guttatus complex by Dunayev (2009). Melville et al. (2009) reached the same conclusion based on molecular data, recommending that both P. g. kuschakewitschi and its sister taxon P. g. incerta (=P. incertus) be elevated to specific status. On genetic grounds Solovyeva et al. (2014) upheld the distinctiveness of the two taxa, while noting that P. kuschakewitschi and P. incertus are closely-related and difficult to distinguish morphologically. As such the precise distributional limits between the two species, which here follow the concepts applied by Solovyeva et al. (2014), may require further clarification." 91866961,Phrynocephalus moltschanovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,moltschanovi,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1913","The distribution and biogeographical distinctness of this taxon from Phrynocephalus guttatus was clarified by Dunayev (2009), who, however, retained it as a subspecies within ""superspecies guttatus"". Solovyeva et al. (2014) confirmed its distinctness on genetic grounds and treated it as a full species, and this scheme is followed here." 135802,Ingerophrynus gollum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,gollum,,,,,"Grismer, 2007", 57846,Kalophrynus robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,robinsoni,,,,,"Smith, 1922", 57875,Nanohyla annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,annectens,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)",Verified records of this species come only from Peninsular Malaysia. Records from other countries are either misidentified or misattributed. Records from peninsular Thailand and Borneo are referrable to Microhyla perparva and M. petrigenea according to Manthey and Denzer (2014). 88137177,Kalophrynus anya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,anya,,,,,"Zug, 2015",This species was split from the broader concepts of Kalophrynus interlineatus and Kalophrynus pleurostigmata (Zug 2015). 91947985,Leptobrachella ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,ardens,,,,,"(Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2016)", 91948288,Leptobrachella kalonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,kalonensis,,,,,"Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2016", 91948581,Leptobrachella maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,maculosa,,,,,"(Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2016)", 91948901,Leptobrachella pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,pallida,,,,,"(Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2016)", 91948932,Leptobrachella tadungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,tadungensis,,,,,"(Rowley, Tran, Le, Dau, Peloso, Nguyen, Hoang, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2016)", 91951423,Psychrophrynella chirihampatu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Psychrophrynella,chirihampatu,,,,,"Catenazzi & Ttito, 2016", 91979463,Sciurocheirus makandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Sciurocheirus,makandensis,,,,,"Ambrose, 2013","

This galago was considered to be a distinct form by Ambrose (1999, 2003), based on vocalisations, pelage colouration and facial markings, and was recognized by Grubb et al. (2003) as a new species.  It was formally named as the species Sciurocheirus makandensis by Ambrose (2013).  

" 136852,Perodicticus edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Perodicticus,edwardsi,,,,,"Bouvier, 1879","Classified by Groves (2001) as a subspecies of Perodicticus potto and assessed in 2008 as a subspecies, but genetic studies show it to be a distinct species (Mittermeier et al. 2013, Pozzi et al. 2015). There appears to be significant variation among individuals collected from Cameroon and elsewhere, and it is believed that subspecies of P. edwardsi may be found with further research. One of these may be the smaller form P. faustus, described by Thomas (1910) from the Congo Basin and treated here as a synonym." 136875,Perodicticus ibeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Perodicticus,ibeanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1910","Previously, Perodicticus ibeanus was treated by Groves (2001), Grubb et al. (2003), Butynski and De Jong (2007), and Pimley and Bearder (2013) as a subspecies of  Perodicticus potto  and assessed in 2008 as P. p. ibeanus. It is treated here as a species based on new morphological and molecular information (Stump 2005, Oates 2011, Mittermeier 2013). Two subspecies are recognised here: the East African potto Perodicticus ibeanus ibeanus and the Mount Kenya potto P. i. stockleyi (Butynski and De Jong 2007, 2017)." 4206,Cercocebus lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercocebus,lunulatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)","This species was assessed in 2008 as a subspecies of Cercocebus atys, but is now raised to a species. This species was also formerly treated as a subspecies of C. torquatus." 136933,Cercocebus atys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercocebus,atys,,,,,"(Audebert, 1797)","This species was formerly treated as the nominate subspecies when it was assessed in 2008, however, because the former subspecies lunulatus is now treated as a good species, the nominate subspecies has now become the more restricted concept of the species." 91995408,Perodicticus potto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Perodicticus,potto,,,,,"(P.L.S. Müller, 1766)","

Grubb et al. (2003) recognised three subspecies of potto: Perodicticus potto potto, P. p. edwardsi and P. p. ibeanus. However, data from mtDNA indicate that edwardsi, ibeanus and potto deserve species designation (Pozzi et al. 2015), a finding supported by marked differences in body size and skull morphology (Stump 2005). Hence they are now treated as full species (Nekaris 2013). The form east of the Volta River in Ghana (subspecies juju) may deserve species status (Stump 2005, Oates 2011), but is treated here as a subspecies (P. p. juju) along with the typical subspecies P. p. potto.

The 2008 Red List treated all pottos as members of one species, Perodicticus potto, with several subspecies, including P. p. potto. Based on morphological and genetic data, the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group now recognises the three distinct potto species. Pseudopotto martini Schwartz, 1996, formerly included under P. potto, is treated as a synonym of P. edwardsi.

" 92250442,Papio cynocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Papio,cynocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Grubb et al. (2003) and Groves (2001, 2005) recognized three subspecies: Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus, P. c. ibeanus and P. c. kindae. Subspecies kindae is now treated as a separate species. Limits to the distributions of the two remaining subspecies are poorly known. Historically, several forms of P. cyanocephalus have been described, some of which may merit subspecies status (e.g. P. c. jubilaeus from the Luangwa Valley) (Mittermeier et al. 2013).

Papio cyanocephalus hybridizes with P. anubis and there is a broad clinal hybrid zone between Laikipia district to the northeast of Mount Kenya and the Lower Tana River on the Kenya coast. Baboons in this more than 200-km wide region are intermediate and are difficult to allocate to either P. cyanocephalus or P. anubis (Mittermeier et al. 2013).

Papio cyanocephalus also hybridizes with Papio kindae, P. ursinus griseipes and Rungwicebus kipunji in the respective contact zones (Mittermeier et al. 2013). Whether their distribution overlaps with P. hamadryas in Somalia is not clear (Mittermeier et al. 2013)." 92252436,Erythrocebus baumstarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Erythrocebus,baumstarki,,,,,"Matschie, 1905","

Groves (2001), Grubb et al. (2003), and Kingdon et al. (2008) treat Erythrocebus patas as a monotypic species in a monotypic genus. Schwarz (1927), Isbell (2013), and De Jong and Butynski (2018) recognize baumstarki as one of the three subspecies within E. patas (patas, pyrrhonotus, baumstarki). Verheyen (1962), Hill (1966), Napier and Napier (1967), Dandelot (1968, 1974), and Kingdon (1971, 1997, 2015) recognize an additional subspecies, E. p. villiersi.

Erythrocebus baumstarki was described by Matschie (1906) as a species (type locality: Ikoma, western Serengeti, Tanzania). Here, baumstarki is, once again, treated as a species. This restoration to species status is based on baumstarki’s considerable geographic isolation and distinctive coloration and pattern of the pelage. The distance between the nearest confirmed E. baumstarki record (Northern Extension of Serengeti National Park, north central Tanzania; G. Schaller pers. comm.; number 15 in Figure 1 and Table 1 of De Jong et al. 2009) and the nearest confirmed E. p. pyrrhonotus record (Kiganjo, central Kenya; H. Douglas-Dufresne pers. comm.; number 47 in Figure 2 and Table 3 in De Jong et al. 2008) is ca. 260 km. There are, however, several records between these two localities for Erythrocebus that have not been identified as to species (De Jong et al. 2008). It appears that these two species are separated by a forest barrier and by very dry habitat in the Eastern (Gregory) Rift Valley (De Jong et al. 2008, 2009, De Jong & Butynski 2014, Butynski & De Jong 2017). Erythrocebus baumstarki is also phenotypically distinct (e.g., black nose, lack of white moustache, pale red crown, white neck, and dark grey upper limbs, whereas pyrrhonotus has a white nose, white moustache, dark red crown, rufous neck, and lacks dark grey on the upper hind legs). Resurrecting baumstarki to species status is in agreement with Gippoliti (2017), who suggests treating baumstarki, as well as poliophaeus and pyrrhonotus, as species.

" 164595,Dolichophis schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dolichophis,schmidti,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1909)","This species is included in Dolichophis following Nagy et al. (2004) rather than Hierophis, although workers within parts of its range - at least in Turkmenistan - cotinue to use Hierophis (A. Shestapol pers. comm. 2016). Until recently it was considered as a subspecies first of D. jugularis and, later, of D. caspius (Amr and Disi 2011)." 92260462,Bulinus obtusispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,obtusispira,,,,,"(Smith, 1882)","The taxonomic status of B. obtusispira remained uncertain for a long time, the species being confused with B. liratus. It is presently considered as a valid species, endemic to Madagascar (Stothard et al. 2001). It belongs to the B. africanus group sensu Mandahl-Barth.

" 4220,Allochrocebus lhoesti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Allochrocebus,lhoesti,,,,,"(P. Sclater, 1899)","This species was treated in previous Red List assessments (1986 to 2008) under the genus Cercopithecus, but is now placed under Allochrocebus following Mittermeier et al. (2013). The genus name Allochrocebus was first used by Elliot in 1913 and later referred to as a geospecies by Grubb et al. (2003). The species is more terrestrial than any of the Cercopithecus taxa (Tosi et al. 2004, Oates 2011)." 92363381,Gracilimus radix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gracilimus,radix,,,,,"Rowe, Achmadi & Esselstyn, 2016", 136931,Cercopithecus lowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,lowei,,,,,"Thomas, 1923","Booth (1955) and Napier (1981) treated this monkey as a subspecies of Cercopithecus campbelli within the C. mona group, but Kingdon (1997) made it a full species within his Cercopithecus mona superspecies. Groves (2001) followed Kingdon’s arrangement whereas Grubb et al. (2003) considered it a subspecies of C. campbelli. The latter treatment was followed for the 2008 Red List assessment. Groves (2005) continued to classify C. lowei as a distinct species, and that approach is followed by (Mittermeier et al. 2013) and in this assessment. However, such taxonomic splitting may be premature, because no rigorous genetic, morphological, or vocalization analyses have been applied to test species differences between the two taxa, and because individuals with pelage features of both putative species occur between the Cavally and Sassandra Rivers in eastern Côte d’Ivoire, as well as individuals with features intermediate between the two (Oates 1988)." 136930,Cercopithecus campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,campbelli,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1838","

Kingdon (1997) included this taxon within the Cercopithecus mona superspecies group. Groves (2001) followed the same arrangement, whereas Grubb et al. (2003) considered it the nominate subspecies of Cercopithecus campbelli. The latter treatment was followed for the 2008 Red List assessment. Groves (2005) classified C. lowei as a distinct species and that approach is now followed here, hence the former nominate subspecies is now treated as a distinct species, C. campbelli. However, between the Cavally and Sassandra Rivers in western Côte d’Ivoire, individuals with pelage features of both taxa occur, as well as individuals with intermediate features (Oates 1988, 2011). Also, little difference in vocalisation (T.T. Struhsaker 1970, pers. comm. 2019), niche utilisation and skeletal measurements (S. McGraw pers. comm. 2019) was found between the two taxa. Therefore, further study is needed to clarify the most appropriate taxonomic arrangement of these monkeys.

" 4245,Cercopithecus diana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,diana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Cercopithecus diana and C. roloway comprise the diana species group. In the 2008 IUCN Red List these taxa were treated as subspecies (C. d. diana and C. d. roloway) of a broader species-concept following Kingdon (1997) and Grubb et al. (2003). Groves (2005) elevated both to full species and that treatment is now followed here (based on Mittermeier et al. 2013). Not all assessors agree with this classification; Oates (2011) recognizes one species with two subspecies: diana and roloway. 4232,Cercopithecus roloway,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,roloway,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)",Cercopithecus diana and C. roloway comprise the diana species group. In the 2008 IUCN Red List these were treated as subspecies (C. d. diana and C. d. roloway) of a broader species-concept following Kingdon (1997) and Grubb et al. (2003). Groves (2005) elevated both to full species and that treatment is now followed here (as in Mittermeier et al. 2013). Not all assessors agree with this classification; Oates (2011) treats roloway as a subspecies of C. diana. 92401376,Cercopithecus lomamiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,lomamiensis,,,,,"Hart, Detwiler, Gilbert, Burrell, Fuller, Emetshu, Hart, Vosper, Sargis & Tosi, 2012","

First described in 2012, Cercopithecus lomamiensis is closely related to, but distinct from, C. hamlyni based on morphological and molecular data (Hart et al. 2012, 2013).

" 174114,Tenuidactylus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,elongatus,,,,,"(Blanford, 1875)", 136885,Cercopithecus denti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,denti,,,,,"Thomas, 1907","

Lernould (1988) and Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) considered denti to be a subspecies of wolfi. Grubb et al. (2003) listed the forms denti and wolfi as subspecies of Cercopithecus pogonias (the treatment followed for the 2008 Red List assessments). Kingdon (2015), Groves (2001, 2005), Sarmiento and Kingdon (2013), and Healy (2013) elevated denti to the species level, and this approach is followed here. C. denti is monotypic.

Guschanski et al.’s recent (2013) mitochondrial DNA analysis shows C. denti clustering within a clade representing the C. mona species group, but not most closely related to C. wolfi elegans, as suggested by Sarmiento and Kingdon (2013). In addition, a preliminary Y-DNA phylogenetic analysis suggests C. denti has an evolutionary history distinct from wolfi and elegans, supporting its elevated species status (Detwiler and Hart, unpublished data 2016).

" 79681353,Leptobrachella kecil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,kecil,,,,,"(Matsui, Belabut, Ahmad & Yong, 2009)","Chan et al. (2010), suggested that the dubious records of Leptolalax gracilis from Gunung Tahan might actually represent this species." 135905,Ansonia endauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,endauensis,,,,,"Grismer, 2006", 92440844,Bunomys torajae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,torajae,,,,,"Musser, Achmadi, Esslestyn, & Rowe, 2014", 92440861,Bunomys karokophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,karokophilus,,,,,"Musser, 2014", 92441666,Waiomys mamasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Waiomys,mamasae,,,,,"Rowe, Achmadi & Esselsty, 2014", 92441853,Hyorhinomys stuempkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hyorhinomys,stuempkei,,,,,"Esselstyn, Achmadi, Handika & Rowe, 2015", 158637,Ansonia jeetsukumarani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,jeetsukumarani,,,,,"Wood, Grismer, Ahmad & Senawi, 2008",Previously confused with Ansonia penangensis (Wood et al. 2008). 92461708,Chaetodipus siccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,siccus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1907)","Álvarez-Castañeda and Rios (2011) recognized C. siccus as specifically distinct from C. arenarius, in which it was formerly included, and C. ammophilus, based on molecular sequencing. All three species are part of the Baja California Peninsula lineage of the “modern” clade of Chaetodipus pocket mice, along with C. fallax, C. californicus, and C. spinatus. It is more closely related to the allopatric C. ammophilus, from which it is morphologically indistinguishable and has a sequence divergence of only 5·5% of two mtDNA genes. Based on its morphological similarity, close (and fully allopatric) distribution, and marginal mtDNA divergence from C. ammophilus, evidence from nDNA (in addition to mtDNA sequencing) is required to confirm its species status or to relegate it to a subspecies of C. ammophilus." 92464382,Dipodomys ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,ornatus,,,,,"Merriam, 1894","Fernández et al. (2012) recognized Dipodomys phillipsii as specifically distinct from D. ornatus based on molecular sequence analysis." 135818,Odorrana monjerai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,monjerai,,,,,"(Matsui & Jaafar, 2006)","Based on genetic analysis, the validity of this species is doubtful and these records are thought to belong to Odorrana hosii (K.O. Chan pers. comm. January 2018). Odorrana hosii displays high levels of morphological variability, and it is possible that this species is a polymorph of it (K.O. Chan pers. comm. October 2018). However, there are no verified tissues of this species to confirm this synonymy so the taxonomic status will remain unconfirmed at this time (K.O. Chan pers. comm. October 2018)." 60412,Haplochromis bloyeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bloyeti,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)","This species appeared in the 2004 IUCN Red List as Haplochromis aff. bloyeti. An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change.

This species represents a restricted concept of Haplochromis bloyeti, which only occurs in Rufiji/Ruaha, Ruvu, Wami and Pangani in Tanzania/Kenya (Snoeks 1994, Seegers 1996). All other reports of this species (e.g. from Chad, Uganda, Mali, Niger, Burundi) are misidentifications or represent undescribed species. This concept is more restricted than that followed by Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer 2016), which describes the distribution as: ""Across central Africa from Mali to eastern Africa""." 57871,Metaphrynella pollicaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Metaphrynella,pollicaris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 136067,Leptobrachella fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Matsui, 2006)", 78903336,Rohanixalus marginis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rohanixalus,marginis,,,,,"(Chan, Grismer, Anuar, Quah, Grismer, Wood, Muin & Ahmad, 2011)", 40015,Piliocolobus gordonorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,gordonorum,,,,,"Matschie, 1900","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

This species has been considered a subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius, Procolobus (Piliocolobus) pennantii, Procolobus (Piliocolobus) rufomitratus and Procolobus (Piliocolobus) kirkii, but is here treated as a full species, Piliocolobus gordonorum, following Groves (2001, 2005, 2007), Grubb et al. (2003), Struhsaker et al. (2013), and Kingdon (1997, 2015).

" 41026,Piliocolobus preussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,preussi,,,,,"Matschie, 1900","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Preuss’s Red Colobus was treated as a subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) pennantii by Grubb et al. (2003), but as a distinct species by Kingdon (1997, 2015), Groves (2001, 2005, 2007), and Butynski and Kingdon (2013).

" 92634151,Pyramidula saxatilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PYRAMIDULIDAE,Pyramidula,saxatilis,,,,,"(Hartmann, 1842)","The taxonomy of the genus Pyramidula in Europe has been reviewed recently (Razkin et al. 2016), using shell morphology, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, and ecological niche modeling. They concluded that there are six species in Europe: P. chorismenostoma, P. cephalonica, P. jaenensis, P. pusilla (syn. P. umbilicata), P. rupestris and P. saxatilis; P. saxatilis is resurrected from synonymy with Pyramidula rupestris. These two species cannot be differentiated by shell morphology. Thus, only specimens assigned to P. saxatilis by DNA sequencing (Kirchner et al. 2016, Razkin et al. 2016) have been used for this assessment." 41025,Piliocolobus pennantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,pennantii,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

This taxon was formerly the nominate subspecies of a wider concept of P. pennantii that also included as subspecies parmentierorum, bouvieri, tholloni, powelli Matschie, nigrimanus Trouessart, lulindicus, langi, foai and semlikiensis (Gautier-Hion et al. 1999). Kingdon (1997), Groves (2001, 2005) and Butynski et al. (2013) considered bouvieri and epieni to be subspecies of pennantii; Grubb et al. (2003) likewise, but also including preussi. Kingdon (2015) considered epieni to be a distinct species but maintained bouvieri as a subspecies of P. pennantii. Piliocolobus pennantii is here treated as a distinct monotypic species following Groves (2007).

 

" 41024,Piliocolobus epieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,epieni,,,,,"(Grubb & Powell, 1999)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Kingdon (1997), Groves (2001, 2005) and Butynski et al. (2013) considered bouvieri and epieni to be subspecies of pennantii; Grubb et al. (2003) likewise, but also including preussi. Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) considered that the Central African parmentierorum, bouvieri, tholloni, powelli Matschie, nigrimanus Trouessart, lulindicus, langi, foai and semlikiensis were also subspecies of pennantii. Kingdon (2015) treated epieni as a distinct species (but maintained bouvieri as a subspecies of P. pennantii). Groves (2007) treated epieni and bouvieri as distinct species, and pennantii as a monotypic. The study by Ting (2008) on vocalizations and mitochondrial DNA confirmed that P. epieni is not closely related to its closest geographic relatives (P. pennantii and P. preussi). The Niger Delta Red Colobus is here treated as a distinct monotypic species following Groves (2007).

" 92657343,Piliocolobus semlikiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,semlikiensis,,,,,"(Colyn, 1991)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Kingdon 1997, 2015; Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994; Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Piliocolobus semlikiensis is a little-known red colobus with an undecided and confusing taxonomic history. It has been treated as a synonym of ellioti Dollman, 1909, a subspecies of badius, of pennantii, of oustaleti (by implication), of rufomitratus (also by implication), and of foai, and, besides, a species in its own right. It was first described by Colyn (1991) as Colobus badius semlikiensis from the northern sector of Virunga National Park, east of the Semliki River. It was placed as a subspecies of Procolobus pennanti [sic] by Gautier-Hion et al. (1999). Groves (2001, 2005) considered it to be a subspecies of foai but, in his 2007 review of colobus taxonomy, he treated it as a full species. Grubb et al. (2003) treated semlikiensis as a synonym of a doubtfully valid subspecies ellioti, but did not ascribe ellioti to a species. Struhsaker and Grubb (2013) treated ellioti (referring to it as the Semliki Red Colobus) as a subspecies of rufomitratus, but, citing Colyn (1993), noted that ellioti is a “highly variable subspecies and probably represents a large hybrid swarm involving langi and semlikiensis” (p.143). Kingdon (1997) considered both ellioti (from the Lubero Mts west of Lake George, and possibly a hybrid) and semlikiensis (a localised isolate in the Semliki Valley) to be subspecies of oustaleti, but in the second edition of his field guide (2015), he made no mention of semlikiensis but listed Piliocolobus oustaleti ellioti as the form from the Semliki River valley, implying as such that semlikiensis is a synonym. Groves (2007) believed that ellioti was described from a hybrid swarm that involved semlikiensis (in the east), langi (in the west) and oustaleti (in the north), and therefore not a valid taxon (a synonym of all three) and, contrary to Kingdon (2015), considered langi, oustaleti and semlikiensis to be the valid taxa (species) in the region. We follow Groves (2007) in treating P. semlikiensis as a valid species; however, we include in this taxon the populations that reside between Colyn’s (1991) semlikiensis (sensu stricto) and langi, all of which would have formerly been attributed to ellioti and may be part of a hybrid swarm. Further research needs to be done to resolve this taxonomy.

" 18252,Piliocolobus foai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,foai,,,,,"(de Pousargues, 1899)","Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the olive colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011; Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the olive colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994; Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Piliocolobus lulindicus was recognised as a distinct taxon by Colyn (1991), who reviewed its nomenclatural history and resurrected the forms foai and lulindicus as subspecies of Colobus badius. He argued that the montane form foai (sensu stricto) in the east and lowland form lulindicus (sensu stricto) in the west are separated by an intermediate and possible hybrid lowland form, kabambarei Matschie. However, Groves (2007) considered both lulindicus and kabambarei as junior synonyms of Piliocolobus foai, noting continuous variation among these forms. The consensus at a workshop held in Rome in 2016 to update the African primate Red List assessments was that it would be expedient (precautionary) to continue to recognise lulindicus as a distinct taxon, considering the threatened status of all the red colobus monkeys. We include in this species Colyn’s (1991) lulindicus (sensu stricto) as well as the intermediate and potential hybrid populations that exist in the lowland regions to the west, with the western boundary being the Albertine rift where it is replaced by the montane form P. foai. Further research is needed to resolve this taxonomy.

" 22678073,Rhea americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,RHEIDAE,Rhea,americana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22678111,Casuarius bennetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,CASUARIIDAE,Casuarius,bennetti,,,,,"Gould, 1857", 22678129,Apteryx owenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,APTERYGIDAE,Apteryx,owenii,,,,,"Gould, 1847", 22678132,Apteryx haastii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,APTERYGIDAE,Apteryx,haastii,,,,,"Potts, 1872", 22678157,Nothocercus julius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothocercus,julius,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)", 22678163,Crypturellus berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,berlepschi,,,,,"Rothschild, 1897", 22678166,Crypturellus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,cinereus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22678176,Crypturellus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,obsoletus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22678182,Crypturellus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,undulatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22678188,Crypturellus strigulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,strigulosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22678194,Crypturellus kerriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,kerriae,,,,,"(Chapman, 1915)", 22678217,Crypturellus noctivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,noctivagus,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22678223,Crypturellus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,variegatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22678226,Crypturellus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1863)", 22678229,Crypturellus bartletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,bartletti,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)", 22678254,Nothoprocta ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothoprocta,ornata,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)", 22678259,Nothoprocta pentlandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothoprocta,pentlandii,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)", 22678262,Nothoprocta cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothoprocta,cinerascens,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1860)", 22678268,Nothoprocta curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothoprocta,curvirostris,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1873", 22678271,Nothura darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothura,darwinii,,,,,"Gray, 1867", 22678283,Nothura boraquira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothura,boraquira,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22678289,Eudromia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Eudromia,elegans,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832", 22678294,Eudromia formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Eudromia,formosa,,,,,"(Lillo, 1905)", 22678299,Tinamotis pentlandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Tinamotis,pentlandii,,,,,"Vigors, 1837", 22678302,Tinamotis ingoufi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Tinamotis,ingoufi,,,,,"Oustalet, 1890", 22678312,Ortalis garrula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,garrula,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1805)", 22678315,Ortalis ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,ruficauda,,,,,"Jardine, 1847", 22678328,Ortalis canicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,canicollis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1830)", 22678342,Ortalis motmot,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,motmot,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22678348,Ortalis superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,superciliaris,,,,,"Gray, 1867", 22678354,Penelope argyrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,argyrotis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1856)", 22678364,Penelope montagnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,montagnii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1856)", 22678367,Penelope marail,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,marail,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22678373,Penelope dabbenei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,dabbenei,,,,,"Hellmayr & Conover, 1942", 22678386,Penelope jacquacu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,jacquacu,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 22678389,Penelope obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,obscura,,,,,"Temminck, 1815", 22678398,Penelope jacucaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,jacucaca,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 22678440,Aburria aburri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Aburria,aburri,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)", 22678446,Chamaepetes goudotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Chamaepetes,goudotii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)", 22678461,Nothocrax urumutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Nothocrax,urumutum,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22678464,Mitu tomentosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Mitu,tomentosum,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22678472,Mitu salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Mitu,salvini,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1879)", 22678497,Pauxi pauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pauxi,pauxi,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22678537,Crax globulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,globulosa,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 22678544,Crax blumenbachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,blumenbachii,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 22678555,Aepypodius arfakianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Aepypodius,arfakianus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1877)", 22678568,Talegalla fuscirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Talegalla,fuscirostris,,,,,"Salvadori, 1877", 22678572,Talegalla jobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Talegalla,jobiensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 22678607,Megapodius decollatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,decollatus,,,,,"Oustalet, 1878",Megapodius decollatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as M. affinis; the name decollatus has priority. 22678615,Megapodius layardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,layardi,,,,,"Tristram, 1879", 22678649,Lerwa lerwa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lerwa,lerwa,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1833)", 22678657,Ammoperdix heyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Ammoperdix,heyi,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22678667,Tetraogallus tibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetraogallus,tibetanus,,,,,"Gould, 1854", 22678670,Tetraogallus altaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetraogallus,altaicus,,,,,"(Gebler, 1836)", 22678676,Tetraophasis obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetraophasis,obscurus,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1869)", 22678680,Tetraophasis szechenyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetraophasis,szechenyii,,,,,"Madarász, 1885", 22678698,Alectoris philbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Alectoris,philbyi,,,,,"Lowe, 1934", 22678703,Alectoris magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Alectoris,magna,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1876)", 22678714,Alectoris melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Alectoris,melanocephala,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 22678722,Francolinus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Francolinus,pictus,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1828)", 22678725,Francolinus pintadeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Francolinus,pintadeanus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22678733,Francolinus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Francolinus,gularis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22678740,Peliperdix albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Peliperdix,albogularis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1854)",Peliperdix albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678744,Peliperdix schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Peliperdix,schlegelii,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1863)",Peliperdix schlegelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678748,Peliperdix lathami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Peliperdix,lathami,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1854)",Peliperdix lathami (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678752,Dendroperdix sephaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Dendroperdix,sephaena,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)",Dendroperdix sephaena (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678756,Scleroptila streptophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,streptophora,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)",Scleroptila streptophora (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus as F. streptophorus. 22678760,Scleroptila finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,finschi,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1881)",Scleroptila finschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678764,Scleroptila afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,afra,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)",Scleroptila afra (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus as F. africanus. 22678769,Scleroptila levaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,levaillantii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1825)",Scleroptila levaillantii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678790,Scleroptila gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,gutturalis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)",Scleroptila gutturalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus and listed as F. levaillantoides; the name gutturalis has priority. 22678799,Pternistis hartlaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,hartlaubi,,,,,"(Bocage, 1869)",Pternistis hartlaubi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678803,Pternistis bicalcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,bicalcaratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Pternistis bicalcaratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678807,Pternistis clappertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,clappertoni,,,,,"(Children, 1826)",Pternistis clappertoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678811,Pternistis icterorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,icterorhynchus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1863)",Pternistis icterorhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678819,Pternistis adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,adspersus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)",Pternistis adspersus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678831,Pternistis natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,natalensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)",Pternistis natalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678835,Pternistis ahantensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,ahantensis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1851)",Pternistis ahantensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678839,Pternistis squamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,squamatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)",Pternistis squamatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678843,Pternistis griseostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,griseostriatus,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1890)",Pternistis griseostriatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678847,Pternistis leucoscepus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,leucoscepus,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)",Pternistis leucoscepus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678851,Pternistis rufopictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,rufopictus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1867)",Pternistis rufopictus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678860,Pternistis swainsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,swainsonii,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)",Pternistis swainsonii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678896,Pternistis swierstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,swierstrai,,,,,"(Roberts, 1929)",Pternistis swierstrai (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678916,Perdix dauurica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Perdix,dauurica,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22678919,Perdix hodgsoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Perdix,hodgsoniae,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1857)", 22678952,Coturnix pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Coturnix,pectoralis,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22678955,Coturnix novaezelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Coturnix,novaezelandiae,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", 22678958,Coturnix coromandelica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Coturnix,coromandelica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22678961,Coturnix delegorguei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Coturnix,delegorguei,,,,,"Delegorgue, 1847", 22678965,Synoicus ypsilophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Synoicus,ypsilophorus,,,,,"(Bosc, 1792)",Synoicus ypsilophorus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Coturnix as C. ypsilophora. 22678971,Synoicus adansonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Synoicus,adansonii,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","

Synoicus chinensis and S. adansonii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Coturnix and lumped as C. chinensis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as C. chinensis and C. adansonii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22678979,Synoicus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Synoicus,chinensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Synoicus chinensis and S. adansonii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Coturnix and lumped as C. chinensis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as C. chinensis and C. adansonii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22678993,Anurophasis monorthonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Anurophasis,monorthonyx,,,,,"van Oort, 1910", 22679002,Perdicula argoondah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Perdicula,argoondah,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)", 22679007,Perdicula erythrorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Perdicula,erythrorhyncha,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)", 22679020,Arborophila rufogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,rufogularis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1850)", 22679023,Arborophila atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,atrogularis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1850)", 22679026,Arborophila crudigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,crudigularis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1864)", 22679032,Arborophila brunneopectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,brunneopectus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)", 22679035,Arborophila rufipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,rufipectus,,,,,"Boulton, 1932", 22679044,Arborophila javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,javanica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22679047,Arborophila hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,hyperythra,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)", 22679050,Arborophila gingica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,gingica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22679057,Arborophila cambodiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,cambodiana,,,,,"Delacour & Jabouille, 1928", 22679063,Arborophila ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,ardens,,,,,"(Styan, 1892)", 22679094,Caloperdix oculeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Caloperdix,oculeus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22679103,Haematortyx sanguiniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Haematortyx,sanguiniceps,,,,,"Sharpe, 1879", 22679110,Ptilopachus petrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Ptilopachus,petrosus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22679114,Bambusicola fytchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Bambusicola,fytchii,,,,,"Anderson, 1871", 22679131,Galloperdix spadicea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Galloperdix,spadicea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22679134,Galloperdix lunulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Galloperdix,lunulata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1825)", 22679137,Galloperdix bicalcarata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Galloperdix,bicalcarata,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 22679144,Ithaginis cruentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Ithaginis,cruentus,,,,,"(Hardwicke, 1821)", 22679157,Tragopan satyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tragopan,satyra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679169,Tragopan temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tragopan,temminckii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 22679179,Pucrasia macrolopha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pucrasia,macrolopha,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22679182,Lophophorus impejanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophophorus,impejanus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22679185,Lophophorus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophophorus,sclateri,,,,,"Jerdon, 1870", 22679192,Lophophorus lhuysii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophophorus,lhuysii,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1866", 22679199,Gallus gallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Gallus,gallus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679203,Gallus sonneratii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Gallus,sonneratii,,,,,"Temminck, 1813", 22679209,Gallus lafayettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Gallus,lafayettii,,,,,"Lesson, 1831",Gallus lafayettii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as G. lafayetii. 22679217,Lophura leucomelanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,leucomelanos,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22679220,Lophura nycthemera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,nycthemera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679274,Lophura diardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,diardi,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1856)", 22679278,Lophura bulweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,bulweri,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1874)", 22679292,Crossoptilon crossoptilon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Crossoptilon,crossoptilon,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1838)", 22679299,Crossoptilon mantchuricum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Crossoptilon,mantchuricum,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1863", 22679307,Crossoptilon auritum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Crossoptilon,auritum,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22679325,Syrmaticus ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Syrmaticus,ellioti,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1872)", 22679330,Syrmaticus humiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Syrmaticus,humiae,,,,,"(Hume, 1881)", 22679336,Syrmaticus mikado,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Syrmaticus,mikado,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)", 22679340,Syrmaticus soemmerringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Syrmaticus,soemmerringii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1830)", 22679361,Polyplectron chalcurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,chalcurum,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 22679365,Polyplectron inopinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,inopinatum,,,,,"(Rothschild,1903)", 22679372,Polyplectron germaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,germaini,,,,,"Elliot, 1866", 22679435,Pavo cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pavo,cristatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22679483,Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lyrurus,mlokosiewiczi,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1875)",Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tetrao. 22679491,Tetrao urogalloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetrao,urogalloides,,,,,"Middendorff, 1851",Tetrao urogalloides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as T. parvirostris; the name urogalloides has priority. 22679503,Centrocercus urophasianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Centrocercus,urophasianus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1827)", 22679572,Acryllium vulturinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Acryllium,vulturinum,,,,,"(Hardwicke, 1834)", 22679635,Odontophorus capueira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,capueira,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22679645,Odontophorus erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,erythrops,,,,,"Gould, 1859", 22679650,Odontophorus atrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,atrifrons,,,,,"Allen, 1900", 22679663,Odontophorus melanonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,melanonotus,,,,,"Gould, 1860", 22679683,Odontophorus columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,columbianus,,,,,"(Gould, 1850)", 22679693,Odontophorus balliviani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,balliviani,,,,,"Gould, 1846", 22679698,Odontophorus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,stellatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 22679723,Anhima cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANHIMIDAE,Anhima,cornuta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22679726,Chauna chavaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANHIMIDAE,Chauna,chavaria,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22679729,Chauna torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANHIMIDAE,Chauna,torquata,,,,,"(Oken, 1816)", 22679732,Anseranas semipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANSERANATIDAE,Anseranas,semipalmata,,,,,"(Latham, 1798)", 22679746,Dendrocygna bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,bicolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22679758,Dendrocygna javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,javanica,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22679763,Dendrocygna viduata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,viduata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22679785,Thalassornis leuconotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Thalassornis,leuconotus,,,,,"Eyton, 1838", 22679830,Biziura lobata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Biziura,lobata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1796)", 22679833,Heteronetta atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Heteronetta,atricapilla,,,,,"(Merrem, 1841)", 22679836,Stictonetta naevosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Stictonetta,naevosa,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22679846,Cygnus melancoryphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cygnus,melancoryphus,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22679866,Coscoroba coscoroba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Coscoroba,coscoroba,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22679869,Anser cygnoid,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,cygnoid,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",A. cygnoid (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. cygnoides. 22679919,Anser canagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,canagicus,,,,,"(Sevastianov, 1802)",Anser canagicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chen. 22679972,Chloephaga melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Chloephaga,melanoptera,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)", 22679975,Chloephaga picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Chloephaga,picta,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22679978,Chloephaga hybrida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Chloephaga,hybrida,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22679981,Chloephaga poliocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Chloephaga,poliocephala,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22679984,Chloephaga rubidiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Chloephaga,rubidiceps,,,,,"P. L. Sclater, 1861", 22679987,Neochen jubata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Neochen,jubata,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22680007,Tadorna cana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tadorna,cana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680011,Tadorna tadornoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tadorna,tadornoides,,,,,"Jardine & Selby, 1828", 22680015,Tadorna variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tadorna,variegata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680029,Radjah radjah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Radjah,radjah,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)",Radjah radjah (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tadorna. 22680057,Plectropterus gambensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Plectropterus,gambensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22680070,Pteronetta hartlaubii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Pteronetta,hartlaubii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1859)", 22680086,Nettapus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Nettapus,pulchellus,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 22680090,Nettapus coromandelianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Nettapus,coromandelianus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680095,Nettapus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Nettapus,auritus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22680111,Chenonetta jubata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Chenonetta,jubata,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22680118,Merganetta armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Merganetta,armata,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 22680121,Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Hymenolaimus,malacorhynchos,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680130,Lophonetta specularioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Lophonetta,specularioides,,,,,"King, 1828", 22680145,Anas capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,capensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22680153,Mareca falcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mareca,falcata,,,,,"(Georgi, 1775)",Mareca falcata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680167,Mareca sibilatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mareca,sibilatrix,,,,,"(Poeppig, 1829)",Mareca sibilatrix (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680170,Anas sparsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,sparsa,,,,,"Eyton, 1838", 22680214,Anas luzonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,luzonica,,,,,"Fraser, 1839", 22680217,Anas superciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,superciliosa,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22680221,Anas undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,undulata,,,,,"Dubois, 1839", 22680236,Spatula smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,smithii,,,,,"Hartert, 1891",Spatula smithii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680240,Spatula platalea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,platalea,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Spatula platalea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680243,Spatula rhynchotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,rhynchotis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",Spatula rhynchotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680252,Anas bernieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,bernieri,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)", 22680271,Anas gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,gracilis,,,,,"Buller, 1869", 22680277,Anas castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,castanea,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)", 22680287,Anas bahamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,bahamensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22680290,Anas erythrorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,erythrorhyncha,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22680306,Anas eatoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,eatoni,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1875)", 22680310,Anas georgica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,georgica,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22680317,Sibirionetta formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Sibirionetta,formosa,,,,,"(Georgi, 1775)",Sibirionetta formosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680326,Spatula puna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,puna,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)",Spatula puna (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680329,Spatula versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,versicolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Spatula versicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680332,Spatula hottentota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,hottentota,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)","Normally placed in Anas. Closest to S. puna and S. versicolor (Johnson & Sorenson 1999), and all three sometimes placed together in genus Punanetta. Earlier name Anas punctata suppressed owing to confusion over type specimens (ICZN 1977). Monotypic." 22680336,Malacorhynchus membranaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Malacorhynchus,membranaceus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22680351,Netta peposaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Netta,peposaca,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22680354,Netta erythrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Netta,erythrophthalma,,,,,"(Wied, 1832)", 22680395,Aythya novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680418,Camptorhynchus labradorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Camptorhynchus,labradorius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680496,Mergus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mergus,australis,,,,,"Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841", 22680512,Turnix maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,maculosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22680539,Turnix tanki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,tanki,,,,,"Blyth, 1843", 22680542,Turnix ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,ocellatus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22680549,Turnix suscitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,suscitator,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680552,Turnix nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,nigricollis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680560,Turnix castanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,castanotus,,,,,"(Gould, 1840)", 22680588,Turnix worcesteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,worcesteri,,,,,"McGregor, 1904", 22680595,Turnix pyrrhothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,pyrrhothorax,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22680599,Turnix velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,velox,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22680603,Ortyxelos meiffrenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Ortyxelos,meiffrenii,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22680608,Indicator maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,maculatus,,,,,"Gray, 1847", 22680612,Indicator variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,variegatus,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 22680616,Indicator indicator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,indicator,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1777)", 22680623,Indicator minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,minor,,,,,"Stephens, 1815", 22680638,Indicator exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,exilis,,,,,"(Cassin, 1856)", 22680652,Indicator xanthonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,xanthonotus,,,,,"Blyth, 1842", 22680655,Melichneutes robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Melichneutes,robustus,,,,,"Bates, 1909", 22680663,Melignomon zenkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Melignomon,zenkeri,,,,,"Reichenow, 1898", 22680667,Prodotiscus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Prodotiscus,insignis,,,,,"(Cassin, 1856)", 22680672,Prodotiscus zambesiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Prodotiscus,zambesiae,,,,,"Shelley, 1894", 22680677,Prodotiscus regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Prodotiscus,regulus,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 22680689,Jynx ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Jynx,ruficollis,,,,,"Wagler, 1830", 22680697,Picumnus aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,aurifrons,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1870", 22680700,Picumnus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,pumilus,,,,,"Cabanis & Heine, 1863", 22680706,Picumnus lafresnayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,lafresnayi,,,,,"Malherbe, 1862", 22680714,Picumnus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,fuscus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1870", 22680717,Picumnus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,sclateri,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1877", 22680720,Picumnus squamulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,squamulatus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1854", 22680723,Picumnus spilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,spilogaster,,,,,"Sundevall, 1866", 22680730,Picumnus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22680733,Picumnus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,steindachneri,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1882", 22680736,Picumnus varzeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,varzeae,,,,,"Snethlage, 1912", 22680739,Picumnus cirratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,cirratus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 22680742,Picumnus dorbignyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,dorbignyanus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1845", 22680750,Picumnus temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,temminckii,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1845", 22680756,Picumnus rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,rufiventris,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)", 22680759,Picumnus fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,fulvescens,,,,,"Stager, 1962", 22680765,Picumnus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,nebulosus,,,,,"Sundevall, 1866", 22680771,Picumnus subtilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,subtilis,,,,,"Stager, 1968", 22680781,Picumnus cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,cinnamomeus,,,,,"Wagler, 1829", 22680784,Verreauxia africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Verreauxia,africana,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)",Verreauxia africana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sasia. 22680789,Sasia abnormis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Sasia,abnormis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22680792,Sasia ochracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Sasia,ochracea,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22680795,Nesoctites micromegas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Nesoctites,micromegas,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1866)", 22680798,Melanerpes candidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,candidus,,,,,"(Otto, 1796)", 22680801,Melanerpes lewis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,lewis,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 22680807,Melanerpes portoricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,portoricensis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)", 22680813,Melanerpes formicivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,formicivorus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22680824,Melanerpes cruentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,cruentatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22680828,Melanerpes flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,flavifrons,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22680837,Melanerpes radiolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,radiolatus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22680853,Melanerpes uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,uropygialis,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)", 22680856,Melanerpes carolinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,carolinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680862,Melanerpes aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,aurifrons,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22680868,Sphyrapicus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Sphyrapicus,varius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22680877,Sphyrapicus thyroideus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Sphyrapicus,thyroideus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1851)", 22680880,Xiphidiopicus percussus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Xiphidiopicus,percussus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 22680883,Campethera punctuligera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,punctuligera,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22680887,Campethera nubica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,nubica,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22680897,Campethera scriptoricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,scriptoricauda,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1896)","Campethera bennettii and C. scriptoricauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. bennettii following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993). Prior to that they had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22680902,Campethera abingoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,abingoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22680941,Campethera caroli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,caroli,,,,,"Malherbe, 1852", 22680949,Dendropicos elachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,elachus,,,,,"Oberholser, 1919", 22680954,Dendropicos poecilolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,poecilolaemus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1893)", 22680959,Dendropicos abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,abyssinicus,,,,,"(Stanley, 1814)", 22680963,Dendropicos fuscescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,fuscescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22680967,Dendropicos lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,lugubris,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)","Dendropicos gabonensis and D. lugubris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. gabonensis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993). Prior to that they had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22680978,Dendropicos stierlingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,stierlingi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1901", 22680982,Dendropicos namaquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,namaquus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1793)",Dendropicos namaquus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Thripias. 22680989,Dendropicos pyrrhogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,pyrrhogaster,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1845)",Dendropicos pyrrhogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Thripias. 22680996,Dendropicos xantholophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,xantholophus,,,,,"(Hargitt, 1883)",Dendropicos xantholophus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Thripias. 22681018,Dendropicos spodocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,spodocephalus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","Dendropicos goertae and D. spodocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Mesopicos and lumped as M. goertae following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993). Prior to that they had been placed in Dendropicos and split as D. goertae and D. spodocephalus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22681023,Dendropicos griseocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,griseocephalus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",Dendropicos griseocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Mesopicos. 22681030,Dendropicos obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,obsoletus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)","Dendropicos obsoletus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. It has previously been placed in the genus Dendropicos by Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Picoides by Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

" 22681042,Picoides temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,temminckii,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1849)",Picoides temminckii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681046,Picoides maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,maculatus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","Picoides maculatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. Dendrocopos maculatus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into D. maculatus and D. ramsayi following Collar et al. (1999) and BirdLife International (2001), who initially placed it in the genus Picoides. Subsequently, the genus Dendrocopos has been used, following Winkler and Christie (2002). Because this split was made in a BirdLife publication, the justification is repeated here in full (but the references are not supplied). Both Hachisuka (1931-1935) and Voous (1947) treated ramsayi as a separate species, and indeed it is so distinctive as to be arguably closer to Sulawesi Woodpecker P. temminckii than it is to P. maculatus (this view is also expressed, with the comment that ramsayi is ""the ancestor common to both"", by White and Bruce 1986), and given the evident morphological proximity of Brown-capped P. moluccensis, Grey-capped P. canicapillus and Pygmy Woodpeckers P. kizuki to both maculatus (non-Sulu forms) and ramsayi, there is no compelling reason to combine the latter two as a single species. Sulu birds differ from other Philippine forms in: replacing all black or dark brown with a mid-brown; lacking virtually all white spotting on wings and coverts; lacking black or dark brown spotting or streaking on the undersides; showing an ill-defined yellow or yellowish-orange breast-band, plus (in the male) a far more strongly developed red area on the nape. The specific separation of ramsayi is all the more arguable for the geographically closest representative of maculatus - fulvifasciatus of Mindanao and Basilan showing the strongest pied effect. The notion that these two forms are ""bridged"" by maculatus, with a throw-away description of ramsayi as ""aberrant"" (Salomonsen 1953), not only fails to deal with the suggestion of Voous (1947) that ramsayi represents an early invasion of the Philippines, but also misses the point that maculatus is not geographically interposed between the two forms it is supposed to bridge. It is worth noting that in the paper in which both ramsayi and fulvifasciatus were first established, the formal description of ramsayi compared it to temminckii rather than to maculatus (Hargitt 1881).

" 22681060,Picoides nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,nanus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)",Picoides nanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681064,Picoides moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,moluccensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Picoides moluccensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681068,Picoides canicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,canicapillus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)",Picoides canicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681072,Picoides kizuki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,kizuki,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)",Picoides kizuki (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681079,Leiopicus auriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leiopicus,auriceps,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",Leiopicus auriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681089,Dendrocopos atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,atratus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)", 22681092,Leiopicus mahrattensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leiopicus,mahrattensis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",Leiopicus mahrattensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681105,Dendrocopos hyperythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,hyperythrus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22681111,Dendrocopos darjellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,darjellensis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 22681130,Dendrocopos leucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,leucopterus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1870)", 22681133,Dendrocopos assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,assimilis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)", 22681136,Dendrocopos himalayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,himalayensis,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1835)", 22681139,Veniliornis lignarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,lignarius,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22681144,Veniliornis mixtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,mixtus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22681149,Dryobates nuttallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryobates,nuttallii,,,,,"(Gambel, 1843)",Dryobates nuttallii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. 22681155,Dryobates pubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryobates,pubescens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Dryobates pubescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. 22681169,Leuconotopicus albolarvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leuconotopicus,albolarvatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1850)",Leuconotopicus albolarvatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. 22681181,Picoides arcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,arcticus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1832)", 22681184,Veniliornis callonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,callonotus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1841)", 22681187,Veniliornis dignus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,dignus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)", 22681190,Veniliornis nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,nigriceps,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1840)", 22681205,Veniliornis spilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,spilogaster,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22681208,Veniliornis sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,sanguineus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1793)", 22681215,Veniliornis chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,chocoensis,,,,,"Todd, 1919", 22681222,Veniliornis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,affinis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1821)", 22681225,Veniliornis maculifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,maculifrons,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22681234,Piculus litae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Piculus,litae,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1901)", 22681237,Piculus leucolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Piculus,leucolaemus,,,,,"(Natterer & Malherbe, 1845)", 22681240,Piculus flavigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Piculus,flavigula,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22681290,Colaptes chrysoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,chrysoides,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1852)", 22681297,Colaptes pitius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,pitius,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22681314,Micropternus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Micropternus,brachyurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",Micropternus brachyurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Celeus. 22681331,Celeus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,elegans,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22681344,Celeus flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,flavus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22681363,Hylatomus pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Hylatomus,pileatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Hylatomus pileatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dryocopus. 22681373,Hylatomus schulzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Hylatomus,schulzii,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1883)",Hylatomus schulzii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dryocopus. 22681376,Dryocopus javensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryocopus,javensis,,,,,"Tristan, 1879", 22681399,Campephilus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,robustus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1819)", 22681411,Campephilus leucopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,leucopogon,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1826)", 22681414,Campephilus magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,magellanicus,,,,,"(King, 1828)", 22681428,Chrysophlegma miniaceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysophlegma,miniaceum,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)",Chrysophlegma miniaceum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picus as P. mineaceus. 22681431,Picus chlorolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,chlorolophus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22681434,Picus puniceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,puniceus,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22681447,Picus viridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,viridanus,,,,,"Blyth, 1843", 22681450,Picus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,vittatus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22681453,Picus xanthopygaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,xanthopygaeus,,,,,"(Gray & Gray, 1846)", 22681456,Picus squamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,squamatus,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22681459,Picus awokera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,awokera,,,,,"Temminck, 1826", 22681474,Picus vaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,vaillantii,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1847)", 22681493,Chloropicoides rafflesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chloropicoides,rafflesii,,,,,"(Vigors, 1830)","A recent comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the Picidae recovered the genus Dinopium as paraphyletic, with Olive-backed Woodpecker D. rafflesii (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) sister to Pale-headed Woodpecker Gecinulus grantia. Kirwan & Collar (2020), having presented evidence that rafflesii is a distinctive woodpecker divergent from both Dinopium and Gecinulus, reviewed previous treatments and established, as firmly as the limited evidence allows, that the earliest generic name available for the species is Chloropicoides Malherbe, 1849. Original description previously attributed to Vigors and Horsfield, but Vigors alone was the author (Bruce 2003). Individual variation considerable, and subspecies poorly marked, differing only in size; described subspecies peninsulare (Malacca, in Peninsular Malaysia) considered synonymous with nominate. Two subspecies recognized." 22681496,Dinopium shorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dinopium,shorii,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)", 22681522,Chrysocolaptes festivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,festivus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22681525,Gecinulus grantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Gecinulus,grantia,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1840)","Original description previously attributed to McClelland, but correct author is Horsfield (Dickinson 2003a). Closely related to G. viridis. Recent observations and several specimens reinforce probability that a narrow hybrid zone between the two exists in N Thailand and, presumably, N Laos (Round et al. 2012). Proposed form aristus (NE India) synonymized with nominate; poilanei (Cochinchina, in S Vietnam) is inseparable from indochinensis. Three subspecies recognized." 22681528,Gecinulus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Gecinulus,viridis,,,,,"Blyth, 1862", 22681543,Blythipicus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Blythipicus,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22681549,Chrysocolaptes validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,validus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)",Chrysocolaptes validus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Reinwardtipicus. 22681559,Meiglyptes jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Meiglyptes,jugularis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 22681572,Hemicircus canente,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Hemicircus,canente,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22681585,Mulleripicus pulverulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Mulleripicus,pulverulentus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 22681588,Psilopogon pyrolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,pyrolophus,,,,,"Müller, 1835", 22681597,Psilopogon zeylanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,zeylanicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Psilopogon zeylanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681600,Psilopogon lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,lineatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Psilopogon lineatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima as M. lineata. 22681603,Psilopogon viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,viridis,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",Psilopogon viridis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681609,Psilopogon corvinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,corvinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1831)",Psilopogon corvinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima as M. corvina. 22681619,Psilopogon mystacophanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,mystacophanos,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)",Psilopogon mystacophanos (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681625,Psilopogon flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,flavifrons,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)",Psilopogon flavifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681643,Psilopogon monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,monticola,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1889)",Psilopogon monticola (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681646,Psilopogon incognitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,incognitus,,,,,"(Hume, 1874)",Psilopogon incognitus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima as M. incognita. 22681652,Psilopogon armillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,armillaris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)",Psilopogon armillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681681,Psilopogon haemacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,haemacephalus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",Psilopogon haemacephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima as M. haemacephala. 22681699,Gymnobucco peli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Gymnobucco,peli,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1857", 22681703,Gymnobucco sladeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Gymnobucco,sladeni,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1907", 22681724,Stactolaema anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Stactolaema,anchietae,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1869)", 22681728,Stactolaema whytii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Stactolaema,whytii,,,,,"(Shelley, 1893)", 22681736,Pogoniulus scolopaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,scolopaceus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22681747,Pogoniulus leucomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,leucomystax,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)", 22681761,Pogoniulus atroflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,atroflavus,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1798)", 22681765,Pogoniulus subsulphureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,subsulphureus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 22681769,Pogoniulus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,bilineatus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)", 22681774,Pogoniulus chrysoconus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,chrysoconus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1832)", 22681778,Pogoniulus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,pusillus,,,,,"(Dumont, 1816)", 22681790,Tricholaema diademata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Tricholaema,diademata,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1861)", 22681794,Tricholaema frontata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Tricholaema,frontata,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1880)", 22681799,Tricholaema leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Tricholaema,leucomelas,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22681804,Tricholaema lacrymosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Tricholaema,lacrymosa,,,,,"Cabanis, 1878", 22681808,Tricholaema melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Tricholaema,melanocephala,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)", 22681812,Lybius undatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,undatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 22681816,Lybius vieilloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,vieilloti,,,,,"(Leach, 1815)", 22681832,Lybius chaplini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,chaplini,,,,,"Clarke, 1920", 22681837,Lybius rubrifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,rubrifacies,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)", 22681841,Lybius guifsobalito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,guifsobalito,,,,,"Hermann, 1783", 22681845,Lybius torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,torquatus,,,,,"(Dumont, 1816)", 22681849,Pogonornis melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogonornis,melanopterus,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)",Pogonornis melanopterus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Lybius. 22681861,Pogonornis bidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogonornis,bidentatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1798)",Pogonornis bidentatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Lybius. 22681865,Pogonornis dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogonornis,dubius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Pogonornis dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Lybius. 22681869,Pogonornis rolleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogonornis,rolleti,,,,,"(Defilippi, 1853)",Pogonornis rolleti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Lybius. 22681881,Trachyphonus vaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachyphonus,vaillantii,,,,,"Ranzani, 1821", 22681885,Trachyphonus margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachyphonus,margaritatus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)", 22681889,Trachyphonus erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachyphonus,erythrocephalus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1878", 22681900,Trachyphonus usambiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachyphonus,usambiro,,,,,"Neumann, 1908", 22681914,Capito hypoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,hypoleucus,,,,,"Salvin, 1897", 22681917,Capito dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,dayi,,,,,"Cherrie, 1916", 22681942,Eubucco tucinkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Eubucco,tucinkae,,,,,"(Seilern, 1913)", 22681953,Semnornis frantzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,SEMNORNITHIDAE,Semnornis,frantzii,,,,,"(Sclater, 1864)", 22681956,Semnornis ramphastinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,SEMNORNITHIDAE,Semnornis,ramphastinus,,,,,"(Jardine, 1855)", 22681978,Aulacorhynchus haematopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,haematopygus,,,,,"(Gould, 1835)", 22681984,Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,coeruleicinctis,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1840", 22682014,Pteroglossus castanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,castanotis,,,,,"Gould, 1834", 22682017,Pteroglossus aracari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,aracari,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22682028,Pteroglossus frantzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,frantzii,,,,,"Cabanis, 1861", 22682038,Pteroglossus pluricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,pluricinctus,,,,,"Gould, 1836", 22682041,Pteroglossus beauharnaisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,beauharnaisii,,,,,"Wagler, 1832",Pteroglossus beauharnaisii (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) was previously listed as P. beauharnaesii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014). 22682044,Pteroglossus bailloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,bailloni,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22682050,Andigena laminirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Andigena,laminirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1851", 22682055,Andigena hypoglauca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Andigena,hypoglauca,,,,,"(Gould, 1833)", 22682061,Andigena cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Andigena,cucullata,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22682071,Selenidera spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Selenidera,spectabilis,,,,,"Cassin, 1857", 22682081,Selenidera nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Selenidera,nattereri,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)", 22682084,Selenidera piperivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Selenidera,piperivora,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22682093,Selenidera maculirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Selenidera,maculirostris,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22682096,Selenidera gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Selenidera,gouldii,,,,,"(Natterer, 1837)", 22682105,Ramphastos brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,brevis,,,,,"Meyer de Schauensee, 1945", 22682159,Ramphastos cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,cuvieri,,,,,"Wagler, 1827","Ramphastos tucanus and R. cuvieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. tucanus following SACC (2006). Prior to that, they had been split as R. tucanus and R. cuvieri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22682167,Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbalcyrhynchus,leucotis,,,,,"Des Murs, 1845", 22682177,Brachygalba goeringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Brachygalba,goeringi,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1869", 22682180,Brachygalba lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Brachygalba,lugubris,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22682196,Galbula cyanicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,cyanicollis,,,,,"Cassin, 1851", 22682203,Galbula galbula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,galbula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22682209,Galbula tombacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,tombacea,,,,,"Spix, 1824", 22682212,Galbula cyanescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,cyanescens,,,,,"Deville, 1849", 22682215,Galbula chalcothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,chalcothorax,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22682218,Galbula leucogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,leucogastra,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22682221,Galbula dea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,dea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22682243,Notharchus ordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Notharchus,ordii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1851)", 22682249,Cyphos macrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Cyphos,macrodactylus,,,,,"Spix, 1824",Cyphos macrodactylus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Bucco. 22682252,Nystactes tamatia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nystactes,tamatia,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Nystactes tamatia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Bucco. 22682258,Bucco capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Bucco,capensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22682264,Nystalus chacuru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nystalus,chacuru,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22682270,Nystalus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nystalus,maculatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22682277,Malacoptila fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,fusca,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22682280,Malacoptila semicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,semicincta,,,,,"Todd, 1925", 22682295,Malacoptila mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,mystacalis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1850)", 22682301,Nonnula rubecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nonnula,rubecula,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22682307,Nonnula brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nonnula,brunnea,,,,,"Sclater, 1881", 22682319,Nonnula amaurocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nonnula,amaurocephala,,,,,"Chapman, 1921", 22682322,Hapaloptila castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Hapaloptila,castanea,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1866)", 22682328,Monasa nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Monasa,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22682334,Monasa flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Monasa,flavirostris,,,,,"Strickland, 1850", 22682337,Chelidoptera tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Chelidoptera,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Pallas, 1782)", 22682367,Tockus monteiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Tockus,monteiri,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1865", 22682379,Tockus flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Tockus,flavirostris,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 22682384,Tockus leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Tockus,leucomelas,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1842)", 22682388,Tockus jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Tockus,jacksoni,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)", 22682392,Tockus deckeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Tockus,deckeni,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1869)", 22682396,Lophoceros alboterminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,alboterminatus,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1889",Lophoceros alboterminatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tockus. 22682400,Lophoceros bradfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,bradfieldi,,,,,"(Roberts, 1930)",Lophoceros bradfieldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tockus. 22682413,Lophoceros nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,nasutus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Lophoceros nasutus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tockus. 22682417,Lophoceros pallidirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,pallidirostris,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)",Lophoceros pallidirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tockus. 22682433,Anthracoceros coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anthracoceros,coronatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22682609,Bycanistes albotibialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bycanistes,albotibialis,,,,,"(Cabanis & Reichenow, 1877)", 22682621,Ceratogymna atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Ceratogymna,atrata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22682627,Ceratogymna elata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Ceratogymna,elata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1831)", 22682638,Bucorvus leadbeateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bucorvus,leadbeateri,,,,,"(Vigors, 1825)", 22682667,Phoeniculus purpureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Phoeniculus,purpureus,,,,,"(Miller, 1784)", 22682673,Phoeniculus damarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Phoeniculus,damarensis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)", 22682678,Phoeniculus somaliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Phoeniculus,somaliensis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)", 22682684,Phoeniculus bollei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Phoeniculus,bollei,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1858)", 22682689,Rhinopomastus castaneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Rhinopomastus,castaneiceps,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1871)","Rhinopomastus castaneiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phoeniculus. Phoeniculus castaneiceps and P. brunneiceps (del Hoyo et al. 2013) were previously lumped as P. castaneiceps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22682698,Rhinopomastus aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Rhinopomastus,aterrimus,,,,,"(Stephens, 1826)", 22682704,Rhinopomastus cyanomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Rhinopomastus,cyanomelas,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22682710,Rhinopomastus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,PHOENICULIDAE,Rhinopomastus,minor,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)", 22682715,Apaloderma narina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Apaloderma,narina,,,,,"(Stephens, 1815)", 22682719,Apaloderma aequatoriale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Apaloderma,aequatoriale,,,,,"Sharpe, 1901", 22682723,Apaloderma vittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Apaloderma,vittatum,,,,,"Shelley, 1882", 22682727,Pharomachrus mocinno,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Pharomachrus,mocinno,,,,,"de la Llave, 1832", 22682732,Pharomachrus antisianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Pharomachrus,antisianus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1837)", 22682738,Pharomachrus auriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Pharomachrus,auriceps,,,,,"(Gould, 1842)", 22682741,Pharomachrus pavoninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Pharomachrus,pavoninus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22682760,Trogon massena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,massena,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22682768,Trogon clathratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,clathratus,,,,,"Salvin, 1856", 22682776,Trogon bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,bairdii,,,,,"Lawrence, 1868", 22682785,Trogon citreolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,citreolus,,,,,"Gould, 1835", 22682807,Trogon personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,personatus,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 22682810,Trogon rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,rufus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788", 22682830,Harpactes fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,fasciatus,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)", 22682833,Harpactes kasumba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,kasumba,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 22682836,Harpactes diardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,diardii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1832)", 22682839,Harpactes ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,ardens,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 22682842,Harpactes whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,whiteheadi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888", 22682845,Harpactes orrhophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,orrhophaeus,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)", 22682848,Harpactes duvaucelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,duvaucelii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22682854,Harpactes erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,erythrocephalus,,,,,"(Gould, 1834)", 22682857,Harpactes wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,wardi,,,,,"(Kinnear, 1927)", 22682865,Coracias abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,abyssinicus,,,,,"Hermann, 1783", 22682874,Coracias caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,caudatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22682883,Coracias spatulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,spatulatus,,,,,"Trimen, 1880", 22682892,Coracias naevius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,naevius,,,,,"Daudin, 1800",Coracias naevius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as C. naevia. 22682908,Coracias cyanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,cyanogaster,,,,,"Cuvier, 1817", 22682912,Eurystomus glaucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Eurystomus,glaucurus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22682916,Eurystomus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Eurystomus,gularis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22682920,Eurystomus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Eurystomus,orientalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22682931,Brachypteracias leptosomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,BRACHYPTERACIIDAE,Brachypteracias,leptosomus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1833)", 22682955,Atelornis pittoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,BRACHYPTERACIIDAE,Atelornis,pittoides,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1834)", 22682961,Atelornis crossleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,BRACHYPTERACIIDAE,Atelornis,crossleyi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1875", 22682975,Leptosomus discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,LEPTOSOMIFORMES,LEPTOSOMIDAE,Leptosomus,discolor,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22682998,Baryphthengus ruficapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Baryphthengus,ruficapillus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22683009,Todus multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,TODIDAE,Todus,multicolor,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22683012,Todus angustirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,TODIDAE,Todus,angustirostris,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1851", 22683015,Todus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,TODIDAE,Todus,mexicanus,,,,,"Lesson, 1838", 22683018,Todus todus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,TODIDAE,Todus,todus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22683021,Todus subulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,TODIDAE,Todus,subulatus,,,,,"Gray, 1847", 22683024,Alcedo hercules,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,hercules,,,,,"Laubmann, 1917", 22683033,Alcedo semitorquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,semitorquata,,,,,"Swainson, 1823", 22683037,Alcedo quadribrachys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,quadribrachys,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22683042,Alcedo meninting,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,meninting,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22683045,Ceyx azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,azureus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",Ceyx azureus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Alcedo as A. azurea. 22683093,Corythornis vintsioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Corythornis,vintsioides,,,,,"(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)","

Corythornis vintsioides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Alcedo following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22683112,Corythornis leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Corythornis,leucogaster,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)","Corythornis leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Alcedo following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22683117,Alcedo coerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,coerulescens,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22683121,Ceyx pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,pusillus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)",Ceyx pusillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Alcedo as A. pusilla. 22683156,Corythornis madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Corythornis,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",

Corythornis madagascariensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ceyx.

22683165,Ispidina picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ispidina,picta,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",Ispidina picta (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ceyx as C. pictus. 22683174,Ispidina lecontei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ispidina,lecontei,,,,,"(Cassin, 1856)",Ispidina lecontei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ceyx. 22683189,Dacelo novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Dacelo,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22683193,Dacelo leachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Dacelo,leachii,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1826", 22683196,Dacelo tyro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Dacelo,tyro,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22683199,Dacelo gaudichaud,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Dacelo,gaudichaud,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1824", 22683202,Clytoceyx rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Clytoceyx,rex,,,,,"Sharpe, 1880", 22683213,Pelargopsis amauroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Pelargopsis,amauroptera,,,,,"(Pearson, 1841)", 22683227,Pelargopsis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Pelargopsis,capensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683230,Pelargopsis melanorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Pelargopsis,melanorhyncha,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 22683234,Halcyon coromanda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,coromanda,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22683237,Halcyon badia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,badia,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851", 22683252,Halcyon cyanoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,cyanoventris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22683255,Halcyon leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,leucocephala,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22683260,Halcyon senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,senegalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683265,Halcyon senegaloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,senegaloides,,,,,"Smith, 1834", 22683269,Halcyon malimbica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,malimbica,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)", 22683273,Halcyon albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,albiventris,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22683278,Halcyon chelicuti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,chelicuti,,,,,"(Stanley, 1814)", 22683291,Todiramphus winchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,winchelli,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22683304,Todiramphus diops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,diops,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22683310,Todiramphus lazuli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,lazuli,,,,,"(Temminck, 1830)", 22683322,Todiramphus macleayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,macleayii,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1830)", 22683341,Todiramphus leucopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,leucopygius,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1858)", 22683347,Todiramphus farquhari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,farquhari,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1899)", 22683357,Todiramphus pyrrhopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,pyrrhopygius,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22683368,Todiramphus recurvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,recurvirostris,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1842", 22683387,Todiramphus funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,funebris,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22683410,Todiramphus enigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,enigma,,,,,"(Hartert, 1904)", 22683422,Todiramphus saurophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,saurophagus,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)",Todiramphus saurophagus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as T. saurophaga. 22683442,Todiramphus sanctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,sanctus,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfeld, 1827)", 22683512,Caridonax fulgidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Caridonax,fulgidus,,,,,"(Gould, 1857)", 22683516,Melidora macrorrhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Melidora,macrorrhina,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22683532,Actenoides concretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,concretus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22683535,Actenoides lindsayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,lindsayi,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22683542,Actenoides hombroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,hombroni,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22683566,Syma torotoro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Syma,torotoro,,,,,"Lesson, 1827", 22683569,Syma megarhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Syma,megarhyncha,,,,,"Salvadori, 1896", 22683577,Tanysiptera galatea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,galatea,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22683587,Tanysiptera riedelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,riedelii,,,,,"Verreaux, 1866", 22683592,Tanysiptera carolinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,carolinae,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871", 22683597,Tanysiptera nympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,nympha,,,,,"Gray, 1840", 22683602,Tanysiptera danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,danae,,,,,"Sharpe, 1880", 22683616,Megaceryle maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Megaceryle,maxima,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22683620,Megaceryle lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Megaceryle,lugubris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1834)", 22683623,Megaceryle alcyon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Megaceryle,alcyon,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22683661,Nyctyornis amictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Nyctyornis,amictus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22683664,Nyctyornis athertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Nyctyornis,athertoni,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1830)", 22683670,Merops gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,gularis,,,,,"Shaw, 1798", 22683680,Merops bulocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,bulocki,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22683684,Merops bullockoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,bullockoides,,,,,"Smith, 1834", 22683688,Merops pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,pusillus,,,,,"Müller, 1776", 22683697,Merops oreobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,oreobates,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)", 22683702,Merops hirundineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,hirundineus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1793", 22683706,Merops breweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,breweri,,,,,"(Cassin, 1859)", 22683710,Merops revoilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,revoilii,,,,,"Oustalet, 1882", 22683714,Merops albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,albicollis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22683728,Merops boehmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,boehmi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1882", 22683744,Merops superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,superciliosus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22683750,Merops philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,philippinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22683753,Merops ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,ornatus,,,,,"Latham, 1801", 22683761,Merops leschenaulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,leschenaulti,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22683764,Merops malimbicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,malimbicus,,,,,"Shaw, 1806", 22683768,Merops nubicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,nubicus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788", 22683772,Merops nubicoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,nubicoides,,,,,"Des Murs & Pucheran, 1846", 22683776,Colius striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLIIFORMES,COLIIDAE,Colius,striatus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22683780,Colius leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLIIFORMES,COLIIDAE,Colius,leucocephalus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1879", 22683784,Colius castanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLIIFORMES,COLIIDAE,Colius,castanotus,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855", 22683788,Colius colius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLIIFORMES,COLIIDAE,Colius,colius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683792,Urocolius macrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLIIFORMES,COLIIDAE,Urocolius,macrourus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683800,Clamator jacobinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Clamator,jacobinus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22683808,Clamator levaillantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Clamator,levaillantii,,,,,"(Swainson, 1829)", 22683816,Clamator coromandus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Clamator,coromandus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683823,Pachycoccyx audeberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Pachycoccyx,audeberti,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1879)", 22683846,Hierococcyx varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,varius,,,,,"(Vahl, 1797)",Hierococcyx varius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Cuculus. 22683850,Hierococcyx vagans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,vagans,,,,,"(Müller, 1845)",Hierococcyx vagans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Cuculus. 22683862,Cuculus solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,solitarius,,,,,"Stephens, 1815", 22683879,Cuculus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,gularis,,,,,"Stephens, 1815", 22683889,Cuculus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,poliocephalus,,,,,"Latham, 1790", 22683893,Cuculus rochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,rochii,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1863", 22683898,Heteroscenes pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Heteroscenes,pallidus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",Heteroscenes pallidus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Cuculus. 22683909,Cercococcyx olivinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cercococcyx,olivinus,,,,,"Sassi, 1912", 22683917,Cacomantis sonneratii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cacomantis,sonneratii,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22683920,Cacomantis passerinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cacomantis,passerinus,,,,,"(Vahl, 1797)", 22683923,Cacomantis merulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cacomantis,merulinus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22683932,Cacomantis castaneiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cacomantis,castaneiventris,,,,,"(Gould, 1867)", 22683941,Cacomantis flabelliformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cacomantis,flabelliformis,,,,,"Latham, 1801", 22683944,Chalcites megarhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,megarhynchus,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)",Chalcites megarhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Rhamphomantis. 22683968,Chalcites crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,crassirostris,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)",Chalcites crassirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chrysococcyx. 22683982,Chalcites basalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,basalis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)",Chalcites basalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chrysococcyx. 22683990,Chalcites ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,ruficollis,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)",Chalcites ruficollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chrysococcyx. 22683995,Chalcites meyerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,meyerii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1874)",Chalcites meyerii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chrysococcyx as C. meyeri. 22684006,Chalcites osculans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,osculans,,,,,"Gould, 1847",Chalcites osculans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chrysococcyx. 22684017,Chrysococcyx klaas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chrysococcyx,klaas,,,,,"(Stephens, 1815)", 22684026,Chrysococcyx caprius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chrysococcyx,caprius,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22684032,Caliechthrus leucolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Caliechthrus,leucolophus,,,,,"(Müller, 1840)", 22684046,Microdynamis parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Microdynamis,parva,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22684049,Eudynamys scolopaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Eudynamys,scolopaceus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684072,Urodynamis taitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Urodynamis,taitensis,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1787)",Urodynamis taitensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eudynamys. 22684079,Scythrops novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Scythrops,novaehollandiae,,,,,"Latham, 1790", 22684092,Phaenicophaeus diardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Phaenicophaeus,diardi,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22684095,Phaenicophaeus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Phaenicophaeus,sumatranus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 22684098,Phaenicophaeus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Phaenicophaeus,tristis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22684101,Phaenicophaeus viridirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Phaenicophaeus,viridirostris,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1840)", 22684104,Taccocua leschenaultii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Taccocua,leschenaultii,,,,,"Lesson, 1830",Taccocua leschenaultii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phaenicophaeus. 22684107,Rhinortha chlorophaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Rhinortha,chlorophaea,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)",Rhinortha chlorophaea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phaenicophaeus as P. chlorophaeus. 22684123,Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Phaenicophaeus,pyrrhocephalus,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)", 22684126,Dasylophus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Dasylophus,superciliosus,,,,,"(Dumont, 1823)",Dasylophus superciliosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phaenicophaeus. 22684129,Lepidogrammus cumingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Lepidogrammus,cumingi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1839)",Lepidogrammus cumingi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phaenicophaeus. 22684143,Coua delalandei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,delalandei,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 22684148,Coua gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,gigas,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22684192,Centropus milo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,milo,,,,,"Gould, 1856", 22684195,Centropus goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,goliath,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22684202,Centropus menbeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,menbeki,,,,,"Lesson & Garnot, 1828", 22684209,Centropus phasianinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,phasianinus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22684212,Centropus spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,spilopterus,,,,,"G. R. Gray, 1858", 22684215,Centropus bernsteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,bernsteini,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22684219,Centropus chalybeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,chalybeus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22684222,Centropus rectunguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,rectunguis,,,,,"Strickland, 1847", 22684229,Centropus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,sinensis,,,,,"(Stephens, 1815)", 22684236,Centropus nigrorufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,nigrorufus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)", 22684240,Centropus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,viridis,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22684249,Centropus grillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,grillii,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1861", 22684254,Centropus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684257,Centropus chlororhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,chlororhynchos,,,,,"Blyth, 1849",Centropus chlororhynchos (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as C. chlororhynchus. 22684266,Centropus anselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,anselli,,,,,"Sharpe, 1874", 22684276,Centropus monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,monachus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1837", 22684280,Centropus cupreicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,cupreicaudus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1896", 22684284,Centropus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,senegalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22684288,Centropus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,superciliosus,,,,,"Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833", 22684300,Centropus melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,melanops,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 22684303,Centropus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,celebensis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", 22684309,Coccycua pumila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccycua,pumila,,,,,"Strickland, 1852", 22684334,Coccyzus euleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,euleri,,,,,"Cabanis, 1873", 22684343,Coccyzus melacoryphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,melacoryphus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22684350,Coccyzus pluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,pluvialis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684428,Opisthocomus hoazin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OPISTHOCOMIFORMES,OPISTHOCOMIDAE,Opisthocomus,hoazin,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22684441,Guira guira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Guira,guira,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684458,Geococcyx californianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Geococcyx,californianus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22684473,Neomorphus radiolosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Neomorphus,radiolosus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1878", 22684478,Neomorphus rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Neomorphus,rufipennis,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 22684483,Neomorphus pucheranii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Neomorphus,pucheranii,,,,,"(Deville, 1851)", 22684488,Chalcopsitta atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Chalcopsitta,atra,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22684494,Chalcopsitta scintillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Chalcopsitta,scintillata,,,,,"Temminck, 1835",Chalcopsitta scintillata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as C. sintillata. 22684499,Chalcopsitta cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Chalcopsitta,cardinalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 22684502,Eos histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eos,histrio,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22684506,Eos squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eos,squamata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22684528,Pseudeos fuscata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pseudeos,fuscata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1858)", 22684531,Trichoglossus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,ornatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684548,Trichoglossus euteles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,euteles,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22684559,Trichoglossus johnstoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,johnstoniae,,,,,"Hartert, 1903", 22684570,Psitteuteles versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psitteuteles,versicolor,,,,,"Lear, 1831", 22684573,Trichoglossus iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,iris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)","

Trichoglossus iris (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psitteteules iris (del Hoyo et al. 2014).

Schweizer et al. (2015) demonstrate that iris belongs in Trichoglossus, as Rosemary Low has always judged (‘Iris… is clearly a Trichoglossus in behaviour’: Low 2016: 99).

If there was a reason for grouping the three species together under the name Psitteuteles, it appears to be because they exclusively possess a bright red crown. No member of Trichoglossus does so, although Pohnpei Lorikeet T. rubiginosus has a dark red base colour that includes the crown. Apart from this, however, all three Psitteuteles are rather divergent from each other:


·       P. versicolor has an orange bill, broad white eye-ring and nares, yellow ear-coverts, green rest of body covered in bold yellow streaks and with a continuous pale dull blue around the throat, postocular area, necksides and hindcollar and a vague reddish wash to the upper breast and lower collar;


·       P. goldiei has a black bill, purplish-red ear-coverts, lower face and throat, blackish-blue postocular line forming a band across the nape, green-streaked pale yellowish-green underparts, necksides and broad hindcollar, and darkish-green rest of plumage;


·       P. iris has an orange bill, continuous purplish-blue postocular line and ear-coverts, greenish-yellow hindcollar bordered below by pale bright green lower hindcollar continuous with necksides, lower face and throat, yellowish-green underparts with vague dark narrow dark green bars across the breast, and green upperparts.


Apart from the red crown and the green base plumage colour, the only character that P. versicolor has in common with P. iris is the orange bill, and the only character that P. goldiei has with P. iris is the postocular darkish blue (although this continues to different areas) and, perhaps, the reddish throat that is vaguely present in P. r. rubropileum and P. i. wetterensis.


Notably, whereas P. versicolor and P. goldiei are both heavily streaked (albeit very different colours), P. iris has a muted pattern of transverse bars on the breast, and this character allies it with all species of Trichoglossus, even Olive-headed Lorikeet T. euteles, the underparts of which are plain yellowish-green but show (at least in some specimens) an extremely vague broad barring involving slightly more olive colour. Moreover, P. iris has the pale greenish-yellow hindcollar shown by most members of the Rainbow Lorikeet T. haematodus complex. The continuous purplish-blue postocular line and ear-coverts is shared with T. ornatus while, viewed ventrally, P. iris is most similar, among all species of Psitteuteles and Trichoglossus, to P. euteles, with which it co-occurs on Timor (elevationally separate). Schweizer et al. (2015) find a close link between T. iris and T. ornatus.

" 22684586,Lorius domicella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lorius,domicella,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684597,Lorius hypoinochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lorius,hypoinochrous,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22684603,Lorius albidinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lorius,albidinucha,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1924)", 22684624,Phigys solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Phigys,solitarius,,,,,"(Suckow, 1800)", 22684627,Vini australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Vini,australis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684630,Vini kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Vini,kuhlii,,,,,"(Vigors, 1824)", 22684652,Glossopsitta concinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Glossopsitta,concinna,,,,,"(Shaw, 1791)", 22684655,Glossopsitta pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Glossopsitta,pusilla,,,,,"(Shaw, 1790)", 22684658,Glossopsitta porphyrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Glossopsitta,porphyrocephala,,,,,"(Dietrichsen, 1837)", 22684661,Charmosyna palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,palmarum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684665,Charmosyna rubrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,rubrigularis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1881)", 22684668,Charmosyna meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,meeki,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1901)", 22684675,Charmosyna multistriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,multistriata,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1911)", 22684680,Charmosyna wilhelminae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,wilhelminae,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 22684683,Charmosyna rubronotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,rubronotata,,,,,"(Wallace, 1862)", 22684686,Charmosyna placentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,placentis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1834)", 22684697,Charmosyna margarethae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,margarethae,,,,,"Tristram, 1879", 22684701,Charmosyna pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,pulchella,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22684704,Charmosyna josefinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,josefinae,,,,,"(Finsch, 1873)", 22684714,Oreopsittacus arfaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Oreopsittacus,arfaki,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 22684717,Neopsittacus musschenbroekii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neopsittacus,musschenbroekii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)", 22684720,Neopsittacus pullicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neopsittacus,pullicauda,,,,,"Hartert, 1896", 22684723,Probosciger aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Probosciger,aterrimus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684739,Zanda funerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Zanda,funerea,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)",Zanda funerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Calyptorhynchus as C. funereus. 22684744,Calyptorhynchus banksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Calyptorhynchus,banksii,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22684784,Cacatua moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,moluccensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684816,Cacatua pastinator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,pastinator,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22684820,Cacatua tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,tenuirostris,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22684834,Nestor productus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,STRIGOPIDAE,Nestor,productus,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)", 22684840,Nestor meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,STRIGOPIDAE,Nestor,meridionalis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684845,Micropsitta keiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Micropsitta,keiensis,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22684856,Micropsitta pusio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Micropsitta,pusio,,,,,"(Sclater, 1866)", 22684861,Micropsitta meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Micropsitta,meeki,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1924", 22684866,Micropsitta finschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Micropsitta,finschii,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1881)", 22684871,Micropsitta bruijnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Micropsitta,bruijnii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22684903,Psittaculirostris edwardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittaculirostris,edwardsii,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1885)", 22684908,Psittaculirostris salvadorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittaculirostris,salvadorii,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1880)", 22684914,Bolbopsittacus lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Bolbopsittacus,lunulatus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22684925,Psittacella brehmii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacella,brehmii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1873", 22684935,Psittacella modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacella,modesta,,,,,"Schlegel, 1873", 22684940,Psittacella madaraszi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacella,madaraszi,,,,,"Meyer, 1886", 22684948,Geoffroyus simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Geoffroyus,simplex,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 22684960,Prioniturus waterstradti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,waterstradti,,,,,"Rothschild, 1904", 22684964,Prioniturus platenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,platenae,,,,,"Blasius, 1888", 22684991,Prioniturus flavicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,flavicans,,,,,"Cassin, 1853", 22685001,Prioniturus mada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,mada,,,,,"Hartert, 1900", 22685006,Tanygnathus megalorynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Tanygnathus,megalorynchos,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22685029,Prosopeia splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prosopeia,splendens,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22685035,Prosopeia personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prosopeia,personata,,,,,"(Gray, 1848)", 22685046,Alisterus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Alisterus,scapularis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1818)", 22685051,Alisterus amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Alisterus,amboinensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22685058,Alisterus chloropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Alisterus,chloropterus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)", 22685063,Aprosmictus jonquillaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aprosmictus,jonquillaceus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22685069,Aprosmictus erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aprosmictus,erythropterus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22685078,Polytelis anthopeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Polytelis,anthopeplus,,,,,"(Lear, 1831)", 22685087,Purpureicephalus spurius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Purpureicephalus,spurius,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22685090,Barnardius zonarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Barnardius,zonarius,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)",


22685104,Platycercus caledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Platycercus,caledonicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22685119,Platycercus venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Platycercus,venustus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22685122,Platycercus adscitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Platycercus,adscitus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22685126,Platycercus eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Platycercus,eximius,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)", 22685130,Platycercus icterotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Platycercus,icterotis,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22685135,Northiella haematogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Northiella,haematogaster,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22685139,Psephotus haematonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psephotus,haematonotus,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22685142,Psephotellus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psephotellus,varius,,,,,"(Clark, 1910)",Psephotellus varius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Psephotus. 22685145,Psephotellus dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psephotellus,dissimilis,,,,,"(Collett, 1898)",Psephotellus dissimilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Psephotus. 22685156,Psephotellus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psephotellus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)",Psephotellus pulcherrimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Psephotus. 22685162,Cyanoramphus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoramphus,unicolor,,,,,"(Lear, 1831)", 22685175,Cyanoramphus auriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoramphus,auriceps,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22685182,Cyanoramphus zealandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoramphus,zealandicus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22685185,Eunymphicus cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eunymphicus,cornutus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22685191,Neopsephotus bourkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neopsephotus,bourkii,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22685197,Neophema elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neophema,elegans,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22685200,Neophema petrophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neophema,petrophila,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22685209,Neophema pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neophema,pulchella,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)", 22685214,Neophema splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neophema,splendida,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22685226,Pezoporus wallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pezoporus,wallicus,,,,,"Kerr, 1792", 22685258,Mascarinus mascarin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Mascarinus,mascarin,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)",Mascarinus mascarin (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as M. mascarinus. 22685291,Poicephalus gulielmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,gulielmi,,,,,"(Jardine, 1849)", 22685299,Poicephalus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,crassus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1884)", 22685304,Poicephalus meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,meyeri,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1827)", 22685308,Poicephalus flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,flavifrons,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)", 22685312,Poicephalus rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,rufiventris,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)", 22685321,Poicephalus rueppellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,rueppellii,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 22685330,Agapornis pullarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,pullarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685334,Agapornis taranta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,taranta,,,,,"(Stanley, 1814)", 22685360,Agapornis nigrigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,nigrigenis,,,,,"Sclater, 1906", 22685366,Loriculus vernalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,vernalis,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1787)", 22685371,Loriculus beryllinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,beryllinus,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 22685376,Loriculus philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,philippensis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22685384,Loriculus galgulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,galgulus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685389,Loriculus stigmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,stigmatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 22685399,Loriculus catamene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,catamene,,,,,"Schlegel, 1873", 22685405,Loriculus aurantiifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,aurantiifrons,,,,,"Schlegel, 1873", 22685422,Loriculus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,pusillus,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22685437,Palaeornis wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Palaeornis,wardi,,,,,"(E. Newton, 1867)","Palaeornis wardi (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula wardi (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established or resurrected including Palaeornis for P. eupatria and P. wardi." 22685465,Alexandrinus exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Alexandrinus,exsul,,,,,"(Newton, 1872)","Alexandrinus exsul (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula exsul (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Alexandrinus for P. krameri, P. eques and P. exsul." 22685468,Himalayapsitta himalayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Himalayapsitta,himalayana,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)","Himalayapsitta himalayana (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula himalayana (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on (the overlooked by me and Lynx) Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Himalayapsitta for P. finschii, P. himalayana, P. roseata and P. cyanocephala." 22685481,Himalayapsitta cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Himalayapsitta,cyanocephala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Himalayapsitta cyanocephala (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula cyanocephala (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Himalayapsitta for P. finschii, P. himalayana, P. roseata and P. cyanocephala." 22685489,Nicopsitta columboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Nicopsitta,columboides,,,,,"(Vigors, 1830)","Nicopsitta columboides (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula columboides (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Nicopsitta for P. calthrapae and P. columboides." 22685493,Nicopsitta calthrapae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Nicopsitta,calthrapae,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)","Nicopsitta calthrapae (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula calthrapae (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Nicopsitta for P. calthrapae and P. columboides.
Previously, P. calthrapae (del Hoyo et al. 2014) was listed as P. calthropae.

" 22685500,Psittacula derbiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacula,derbiana,,,,,"(Fraser, 1852)", 22685516,Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Anodorhynchus,hyacinthinus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22685563,Ara macao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,macao,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685585,Orthopsittaca manilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Orthopsittaca,manilatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",Orthopsittaca manilatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as O. manilata.

22685606,Primolius maracana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Primolius,maracana,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22685628,Primolius auricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Primolius,auricollis,,,,,"(Cassin, 1853)", 22685682,Psittacara leucophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,leucophthalmus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",Psittacara leucophthalmus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga as A. leucophthalma.

22685707,Aratinga jandaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aratinga,jandaya,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22685732,Aratinga weddellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aratinga,weddellii,,,,,"(Deville, 1851)", 22685742,Eupsittula aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eupsittula,aurea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Eupsittula aurea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga. 22685748,Eupsittula cactorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eupsittula,cactorum,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)",Eupsittula cactorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga. 22685783,Pyrrhura cruentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,cruentata,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22685793,Pyrrhura frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,frontalis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22685843,Pyrrhura egregia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,egregia,,,,,"(Sclater, 1881)", 22685873,Pyrrhura hoematotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,hoematotis,,,,,"Souancé, 1857", 22685877,Pyrrhura rhodocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,rhodocephala,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)", 22685888,Enicognathus ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Enicognathus,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22685900,Psilopsiagon aymara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psilopsiagon,aymara,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839)", 22685907,Psilopsiagon aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psilopsiagon,aurifrons,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22685913,Bolborhynchus lineola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Bolborhynchus,lineola,,,,,"(Cassin, 1853)", 22685916,Bolborhynchus orbygnesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Bolborhynchus,orbygnesius,,,,,"(Souancé, 1856)", 22685940,Forpus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,modestus,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 22685956,Brotogeris tirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,tirica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22685983,Brotogeris cyanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,cyanoptera,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1891)", 22685986,Brotogeris chrysoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,chrysoptera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22685994,Brotogeris sanctithomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,sanctithomae,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22685997,Nannopsittaca panychlora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Nannopsittaca,panychlora,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1883)", 22686006,Touit batavicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,batavicus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22686029,Touit purpuratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,purpuratus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22686054,Touit surdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,surdus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22686079,Pionites melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionites,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686107,Pyrilia pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrilia,pulchra,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1897)", 22686155,Hapalopsittaca melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Hapalopsittaca,melanotis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1847)", 22686172,Graydidascalus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Graydidascalus,brachyurus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22686178,Pionus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,sordidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686181,Pionus maximiliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,maximiliani,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22686192,Pionus senilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,senilis,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22686195,Pionus chalcopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,chalcopterus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1841)", 22686198,Pionus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,fuscus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22686251,Amazona pretrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,pretrei,,,,,"(Temminck, 1830)", 22686354,Amazona mercenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,mercenarius,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22686416,Deroptyus accipitrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Deroptyus,accipitrinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686434,Streptoprocne phelpsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Streptoprocne,phelpsi,,,,,"Collins, 1972", 22686447,Cypseloides lemosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,lemosi,,,,,"Eisenmann & Lehmann, 1963", 22686450,Cypseloides rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,rothschildi,,,,,"Zimmer, 1945", 22686458,Cypseloides cherriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,cherriei,,,,,"Ridgway, 1893", 22686467,Cypseloides senex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,senex,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 22686498,Collocalia linchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Collocalia,linchi,,,,,"(Horsfield & Moore, 1854)", 22686516,Aerodramus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,unicolor,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1840)",Aerodramus unicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22686519,Aerodramus mearnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,mearnsi,,,,,"(Oberholser, 1912)",Aerodramus mearnsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22686525,Aerodramus hirundinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,hirundinaceus,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1914)",Aerodramus hirundinaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia as C. hirundinacea. 22686528,Aerodramus spodiopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,spodiopygius,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)","Aerodramus spodiopygius and A. terraereginae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Collocalia and lumped as C. spodiopygia following Christidis and Boles (1994). Prior to this they had been split as C. spodiopygius and C. terraereginae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22686534,Aerodramus terraereginae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,terraereginae,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1875)","Aerodramus spodiopygius and A. terraereginae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Collocalia and lumped as C. spodiopygia following Christidis and Boles (1994). Prior to this they had been split as C. spodiopygius and C. terraereginae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22686552,Aerodramus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,papuensis,,,,,"(Rand, 1941)",Aerodramus papuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22686555,Aerodramus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,orientalis,,,,,"(Mayr, 1935)",Aerodramus orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22686573,Aerodramus pelewensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,pelewensis,,,,,"Mayr, 1935",Aerodramus pelewensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22686576,Aerodramus inquietus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,inquietus,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1858)","Aerodramus inquietus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia as C. inquieta. Collocalia inquieta (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into C. bartschi following Browning (1993) and AOU (1998) and C. inquieta following Browning (1993).

" 22686610,Aerodramus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,maximus,,,,,"(Hume, 1878)",Aerodramus maximus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia as C. maxima. 22686634,Mearnsia novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Mearnsia,novaeguineae,,,,,"(D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)", 22686649,Zoonavena sylvatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Zoonavena,sylvatica,,,,,"(Tickell, 1846)", 22686656,Telacanthura melanopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Telacanthura,melanopygia,,,,,"(Chapin, 1915)", 22686661,Rhaphidura leucopygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Rhaphidura,leucopygialis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)", 22686664,Rhaphidura sabini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Rhaphidura,sabini,,,,,"(Gray, 1829)", 22686684,Hirundapus cochinchinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Hirundapus,cochinchinensis,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1878)", 22686687,Hirundapus giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Hirundapus,giganteus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22686690,Hirundapus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Hirundapus,celebensis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)", 22686698,Chaetura martinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,martinica,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22686706,Chaetura egregia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,egregia,,,,,"Todd, 1916", 22686733,Aeronautes saxatalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aeronautes,saxatalis,,,,,"Woodhouse, 1853", 22686736,Aeronautes montivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aeronautes,montivagus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22686739,Aeronautes andecolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aeronautes,andecolus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22686742,Tachornis phoenicobia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Tachornis,phoenicobia,,,,,"Gosse, 1847", 22686751,Tachornis squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Tachornis,squamata,,,,,"(Cassin, 1853)", 22686769,Cypsiurus balasiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypsiurus,balasiensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1829)", 22686795,Apus alexandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,alexandri,,,,,"Hartert, 1901", 22686811,Apus niansae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,niansae,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)", 22686825,Apus sladeniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,sladeniae,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1904)", 22686831,Apus berliozi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,berliozi,,,,,"Ripley, 1965", 22686835,Apus bradfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,bradfieldi,,,,,"(Roberts, 1926)", 22686861,Apus nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22686897,Hemiprocne mystacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,HEMIPROCNIDAE,Hemiprocne,mystacea,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22686900,Hemiprocne comata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,HEMIPROCNIDAE,Hemiprocne,comata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22686919,Threnetes niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Threnetes,niger,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686931,Phaethornis yaruqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,yaruqui,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)", 22686937,Phaethornis syrmatophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,syrmatophorus,,,,,"Gould, 1851", 22686961,Phaethornis koepckeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,koepckeae,,,,,"Weske & Terborgh, 1977", 22686965,Phaethornis philippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,philippii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22686976,Phaethornis pretrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,pretrei,,,,,"(Lesson & DeLattre, 1839)", 22686985,Anopetia gounellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anopetia,gounellei,,,,,"(Boucard, 1891)", 22686991,Phaethornis ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,ruber,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686994,Phaethornis stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,stuarti,,,,,"Hartert, 1897", 22687013,Eutoxeres aquila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eutoxeres,aquila,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22687016,Eutoxeres condamini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eutoxeres,condamini,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)", 22687019,Androdon aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Androdon,aequatorialis,,,,,"Gould, 1863", 22687032,Doryfera johannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Doryfera,johannae,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22687035,Doryfera ludovicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Doryfera,ludovicae,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1847)", 22687069,Campylopterus hyperythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,hyperythrus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1848", 22687072,Campylopterus duidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,duidae,,,,,"Chapman, 1929", 22687083,Campylopterus falcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,falcatus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1821)", 22687090,Campylopterus villaviscensio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,villaviscensio,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)", 22687094,Eupetomena macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eupetomena,macroura,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22687100,Florisuga fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Florisuga,fusca,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22687114,Colibri coruscans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Colibri,coruscans,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22687118,Colibri serrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Colibri,serrirostris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22687122,Anthracothorax viridigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,viridigula,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22687133,Anthracothorax mango,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,mango,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22687143,Anthracothorax viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,viridis,,,,,"(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)", 22687151,Eulampis jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eulampis,jugularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22687154,Eulampis holosericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eulampis,holosericeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22687160,Chrysolampis mosquitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chrysolampis,mosquitus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22687164,Orthorhyncus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Orthorhyncus,cristatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22687170,Abeillia abeillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Abeillia,abeillei,,,,,"(Lesson & DeLattre, 1839)", 22687190,Lophornis magnificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,magnificus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22687211,Lophornis stictolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,stictolophus,,,,,"Salvin & Elliot, 1873", 22687235,Lophornis pavoninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,pavoninus,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1882", 22687241,Lophornis helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,helenae,,,,,"(DeLattre, 1843)", 22687265,Discosura letitiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Discosura,letitiae,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)", 22687285,Discosura longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Discosura,longicaudus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22687296,Chlorostilbon notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,notatus,,,,,"(G. C. Reich, 1793)",Chlorostilbon notatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chlorestes as C. notata.

22687321,Chlorostilbon lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,lucidus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22687330,Chlorostilbon ricordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,ricordii,,,,,"(Gervais, 1835)", 22687333,Chlorostilbon bracei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,bracei,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1877)", 22687336,Chlorostilbon swainsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,swainsonii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22687339,Chlorostilbon maugaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,maugaeus,,,,,"(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)", 22687342,Chlorostilbon gibsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,gibsoni,,,,,"(Fraser, 1840)", 22687345,Chlorostilbon russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,russatus,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1881)", 22687348,Chlorostilbon stenurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,stenurus,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)", 22687399,Thalurania furcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Thalurania,furcata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22687405,Thalurania glaucopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Thalurania,glaucopis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22687421,Amazilia goudoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,goudoti,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)","A. goudoti (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously recognised as Lepidopyga goudoti (del Hoyo et al. 2014), however Ornelas et al. (2014) found one Lepidopyga species, L. coeruleogularis, to be an Amazilia. On the basis of this finding all three Lepidopyga were moved to Amazilia." 22687428,Basilinna leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Basilinna,leucotis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",Basilinna leucotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Hylocharis. 22687432,Amazilia eliciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,eliciae,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","Ornelas et al. (2014) found the three species of Hylocharis, H. eliciae, H. cyanus and H. chrysura, belong in Amazilia, hence H. eliciae (del Hoyo et al. 2014) is transferred to the latter genus as A. eliciae (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020)." 22687436,Amazilia sapphirina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,sapphirina,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Amazilia sapphirina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Hylocharis. 22687439,Amazilia cyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,cyanus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Ornelas et al. (2014) found the three species of Hylocharis, H. eliciae, H. cyanus and H. chrysura, belong in Amazilia, hence H. cyanus (del Hoyo et al. 2014) is transferred to the latter genus as A. cyanus (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020)." 22687449,Amazilia chrysura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,chrysura,,,,,"(Shaw, 1812)","Ornelas et al. (2014) found the three species of Hylocharis, H. eliciae, H. cyanus and H. chrysura, belong in Amazilia, hence H. chrysura (del Hoyo et al. 2014) is transferred to the latter genus as A. chrysura (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020)." 22687469,Trochilus polytmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Trochilus,polytmus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22687474,Trochilus scitulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Trochilus,scitulus,,,,,"Brewster & Bangs, 1901", 22687479,Leucochloris albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Leucochloris,albicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22687482,Polytmus guainumbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Polytmus,guainumbi,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22687485,Polytmus milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Polytmus,milleri,,,,,"(Chapman, 1929)", 22687488,Polytmus theresiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Polytmus,theresiae,,,,,"(Da Silva Maia, 1843)", 22687494,Leucippus baeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Leucippus,baeri,,,,,"Simon, 1901", 22687497,Leucippus taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Leucippus,taczanowskii,,,,,"(Sclater, 1879)", 22687500,Leucippus chlorocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Leucippus,chlorocercus,,,,,"(Gould, 1866)", 22687503,Taphrospilus hypostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Taphrospilus,hypostictus,,,,,"(Gould, 1862)", 22687506,Amazilia viridicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,viridicauda,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1883", 22687509,Amazilia chionogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,chionogaster,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)", 22687513,Amazilia candida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,candida,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)", 22687517,Amazilia brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,brevirostris,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22687525,Amazilia versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,versicolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22687534,Amazilia fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,fimbriata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22687559,Amazilia rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,rosenbergi,,,,,"Boucard, 1895", 22687566,Amazilia franciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,franciae,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)","

Amazilia franciae and A. viridiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. franciae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22687574,Amazilia leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,leucogaster,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22687593,Amazilia tobaci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,tobaci,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22687606,Amazilia yucatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,yucatanensis,,,,,"(Cabot, 1845)", 22687618,Amazilia amazilia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,amazilia,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22687632,Eupherusa eximia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eupherusa,eximia,,,,,"(DeLattre, 1843)", 22687640,Eupherusa nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eupherusa,nigriventris,,,,,"Lawrence, 1867", 22687649,Microchera albocoronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Microchera,albocoronata,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1855)", 22687655,Chalybura urochrysia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chalybura,urochrysia,,,,,"(Gould, 1861)", 22687658,Aphantochroa cirrochloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aphantochroa,cirrochloris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22687672,Lampornis viridipallens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,viridipallens,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)", 22687693,Lamprolaima rhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lamprolaima,rhami,,,,,"(Lesson, 1838)", 22687696,Adelomyia melanogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Adelomyia,melanogenys,,,,,"(Fraser, 1840)", 22687712,Clytolaema rubricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Clytolaema,rubricauda,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22687715,Heliodoxa imperatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,imperatrix,,,,,"(Gould, 1856)", 22687718,Heliodoxa xanthogonys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,xanthogonys,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1882", 22687725,Heliodoxa branickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,branickii,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)", 22687731,Heliodoxa aurescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,aurescens,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22687737,Heliodoxa rubinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,rubinoides,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)", 22687740,Heliodoxa jacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,jacula,,,,,"Gould, 1850", 22687749,Hylonympha macrocerca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Hylonympha,macrocerca,,,,,"Gould, 1873", 22687753,Sternoclyta cyanopectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Sternoclyta,cyanopectus,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22687756,Topaza pyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Topaza,pyra,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22687759,Topaza pella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Topaza,pella,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22687762,Oreotrochilus chimborazo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreotrochilus,chimborazo,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 22687768,Oreotrochilus leucopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreotrochilus,leucopleurus,,,,,"Gould, 1847", 22687771,Oreotrochilus melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreotrochilus,melanogaster,,,,,"Gould, 1847", 22687785,Patagona gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Patagona,gigas,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1824)", 22687788,Aglaeactis cupripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aglaeactis,cupripennis,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)", 22687798,Aglaeactis pamela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aglaeactis,pamela,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1838)", 22687801,Lafresnaya lafresnayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lafresnaya,lafresnayi,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22687804,Pterophanes cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Pterophanes,cyanopterus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1839)", 22687807,Coeligena coeligena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,coeligena,,,,,"(Lesson, 1833)", 22687810,Coeligena wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,wilsoni,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 22687813,Coeligena prunellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,prunellei,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)", 22687834,Coeligena helianthea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,helianthea,,,,,"(Lesson, 1838)", 22687837,Coeligena lutetiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,lutetiae,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 22687847,Coeligena iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,iris,,,,,"(Gould, 1854)",


22687854,Ensifera ensifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Ensifera,ensifera,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1839)", 22687857,Sephanoides sephaniodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Sephanoides,sephaniodes,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22687868,Boissonneaua flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Boissonneaua,flavescens,,,,,"(Loddiges, 1832)", 22687871,Boissonneaua matthewsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Boissonneaua,matthewsii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22687877,Heliangelus mavors,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,mavors,,,,,"Gould, 1848", 22687890,Heliangelus strophianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,strophianus,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22687898,Heliangelus viola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,viola,,,,,"(Gould, 1853)", 22687914,Eriocnemis vestita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,vestita,,,,,"(Lesson, 1838)", 22687930,Eriocnemis cupreoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,cupreoventris,,,,,"(Fraser, 1840)", 22687936,Eriocnemis glaucopoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,glaucopoides,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22687944,Eriocnemis aline,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,aline,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1842)",Eriocnemis aline (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as E. alinae. 22687947,Eriocnemis derbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,derbyi,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 22687957,Haplophaedia lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Haplophaedia,lugens,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)", 22687965,Urosticte ruficrissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Urosticte,ruficrissa,,,,,"Lawrence, 1864", 22687968,Ocreatus underwoodii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Ocreatus,underwoodii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22687971,Lesbia victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lesbia,victoriae,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)", 22687974,Lesbia nuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lesbia,nuna,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22687977,Sappho sparganurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Sappho,sparganurus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1812)",Sappho sparganurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as S. sparganura. 22687980,Polyonymus caroli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Polyonymus,caroli,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22687984,Ramphomicron microrhynchum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Ramphomicron,microrhynchum,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1839)", 22687987,Ramphomicron dorsale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Ramphomicron,dorsale,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1880", 22687993,Metallura baroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,baroni,,,,,"Salvin, 1893", 22687998,Metallura odomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,odomae,,,,,"Graves, 1980", 22688002,Metallura theresiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,theresiae,,,,,"Simon, 1902", 22688005,Metallura eupogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,eupogon,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1874)", 22688009,Metallura aeneocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,aeneocauda,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22688012,Metallura phoebe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,phoebe,,,,,"(Lesson & DeLattre, 1839)", 22688015,Metallura tyrianthina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,tyrianthina,,,,,"(Loddiges, 1832)", 22688018,Metallura iracunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,iracunda,,,,,"Wetmore, 1947", 22688024,Chalcostigma ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chalcostigma,ruficeps,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22688027,Chalcostigma olivaceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chalcostigma,olivaceum,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1864)", 22688030,Chalcostigma stanleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chalcostigma,stanleyi,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)", 22688033,Chalcostigma heteropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chalcostigma,heteropogon,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1839)", 22688036,Chalcostigma herrani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chalcostigma,herrani,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 22688046,Opisthoprora euryptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Opisthoprora,euryptera,,,,,"(Loddiges, 1832)", 22688059,Aglaiocercus coelestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aglaiocercus,coelestis,,,,,"(Gould, 1861)", 22688111,Heliothryx auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliothryx,auritus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22688119,Heliactin bilophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliactin,bilophus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22688130,Loddigesia mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Loddigesia,mirabilis,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22688141,Heliomaster squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliomaster,squamosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22688147,Rhodopis vesper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Rhodopis,vesper,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22688150,Thaumastura cora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Thaumastura,cora,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22688163,Calliphlox mitchellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Calliphlox,mitchellii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22688178,Tilmatura dupontii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Tilmatura,dupontii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22688182,Microstilbon burmeisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Microstilbon,burmeisteri,,,,,"(Sclater, 1887)", 22688211,Calliphlox amethystina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Calliphlox,amethystina,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22688229,Mellisuga minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Mellisuga,minima,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22688235,Atthis heloisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Atthis,heloisa,,,,,"(Lesson & DeLattre, 1839)", 22688241,Myrtis fanny,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Myrtis,fanny,,,,,"(Lesson, 1838)", 22688248,Myrmia micrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Myrmia,micrura,,,,,"(Gould, 1854)", 22688251,Chaetocercus mulsant,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chaetocercus,mulsant,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1842)", 22688268,Chaetocercus heliodor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chaetocercus,heliodor,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1840)", 22688274,Chaetocercus astreans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chaetocercus,astreans,,,,,"(Bangs, 1899)", 22688290,Chaetocercus jourdanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chaetocercus,jourdanii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1839)", 22688293,Selasphorus platycercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Selasphorus,platycercus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22688312,Tauraco persa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,persa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22688316,Tauraco schuettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,schuettii,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1879)",Tauraco schuettii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as T. schuetti. 22688323,Tauraco schalowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,schalowi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1891)", 22688340,Tauraco bannermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,bannermani,,,,,"(Bates, 1923)", 22688346,Tauraco erythrolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,erythrolophus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22688365,Tauraco hartlaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,hartlaubi,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)", 22688369,Tauraco leucolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,leucolophus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1855)", 22688373,Gallirex johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Gallirex,johnstoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1901",Gallirex johnstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ruwenzorornis. 22688380,Gallirex porphyreolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Gallirex,porphyreolophus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",Gallirex porphyreolophus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tauraco. 22688387,Musophaga violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Musophaga,violacea,,,,,"Isert, 1789", 22688391,Musophaga rossae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Musophaga,rossae,,,,,"Gould, 1852", 22688396,Corythaixoides concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Corythaixoides,concolor,,,,,"(Smith, 1833)", 22688410,Criniferoides leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Criniferoides,leucogaster,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1842)",Criniferoides leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Corythaixoides. 22688415,Crinifer piscator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Crinifer,piscator,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22688420,Crinifer zonurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Crinifer,zonurus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 22688429,Tyto tenebricosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,tenebricosa,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)","Tyto tenebricosa and T. multipunctata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. tenebricosa following Norman et al. (2002) and Christidis and Boles (2008), before which they had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Christidis and Boles (1994).

" 22688435,Tyto multipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,multipunctata,,,,,"Mathews, 1912","Tyto tenebricosa and T. multipunctata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. tenebricosa following Norman et al. (2002) and Christidis and Boles (2008), before which they had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Christidis and Boles (1994).

" 22688441,Tyto inexspectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,inexspectata,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1879)", 22688489,Tyto rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,rosenbergii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)", 22688493,Tyto soumagnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,soumagnei,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1878)", 22688511,Tyto glaucops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,glaucops,,,,,"(Kaup, 1852)", 22688514,Tyto capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,capensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 22688522,Tyto longimembris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,longimembris,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)", 22688529,Phodilus prigoginei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Phodilus,prigoginei,,,,,"Schouteden, 1952", 22688554,Otus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,rufescens,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22688559,Otus icterorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,icterorhynchus,,,,,"(Shelley, 1873)", 22688565,Otus ireneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,ireneae,,,,,"Ripley, 1966", 22688579,Otus spilocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,spilocephalus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)", 22688586,Otus umbra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,umbra,,,,,"(Richmond, 1903)", 22688591,Otus angelinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,angelinae,,,,,"(Finsch, 1912)", 22688602,Otus longicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,longicornis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)", 22688608,Otus mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,mindorensis,,,,,"(Whitehead, 1899)", 22688614,Otus mirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,mirus,,,,,"Ripley & Rabor, 1968", 22688637,Psiloscops flammeolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Psiloscops,flammeolus,,,,,"(Kaup, 1853)",Psiloscops flammeolus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Otus. 22688679,Otus pembaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,pembaensis,,,,,"Pakenham, 1937", 22688713,Otus mentawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,mentawi,,,,,"Chasen & Kloss, 1926", 22688718,Otus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)", 22688734,Otus silvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,silvicola,,,,,"(Wallace, 1864)", 22688747,Megascops kennicottii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,kennicottii,,,,,"(Elliot, 1867)", 22688766,Megascops trichopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,trichopsis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1832)", 22688782,Megascops koepckeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,koepckeae,,,,,"Hekstra, 1982", 22688790,Megascops roboratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,roboratus,,,,,"Bangs & Noble, 1918", 22688799,Megascops clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,clarkii,,,,,"Kelso & Kelso, 1935", 22688820,Megascops ingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,ingens,,,,,"(Salvin, 1897)", 22688829,Megascops colombianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,colombianus,,,,,"Traylor, 1952", 22688840,Megascops petersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,petersoni,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & O'Neill, 1986", 22688847,Megascops marshalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,marshalli,,,,,"Weske & Terborgh, 1981", 22688874,Megascops sanctaecatarinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,sanctaecatarinae,,,,,"(Salvin, 1897)", 22688883,Margarobyas lawrencii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Margarobyas,lawrencii,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)",Margarobyas lawrencii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gymnoglaux. 22688891,Megascops nudipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,nudipes,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22688899,Pyrroglaux podargina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Pyrroglaux,podargina,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)",Pyrroglaux podargina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Otus as O. podarginus. 22688903,Megascops albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,albogularis,,,,,"(Cassin, 1850)", 22688934,Bubo bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,bengalensis,,,,,"(Franklin, 1831)", 22688944,Bubo capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,capensis,,,,,"Smith, 1834", 22688986,Bubo lacteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,lacteus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22688992,Bubo coromandus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,coromandus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22689002,Bubo philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,philippensis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1851)", 22689007,Bubo blakistoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,blakistoni,,,,,"Seebohm, 1884",Bubo blakistoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ketupa. 22689024,Ketupa ketupu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ketupa,ketupu,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22689061,Strix seloputo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,seloputo,,,,,"Horsfield, 1871", 22689066,Strix ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,ocellata,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22689071,Strix leptogrammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,leptogrammica,,,,,"Temminck, 1831", 22689094,Strix varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,varia,,,,,"Barton, 1799", 22689097,Strix fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,fulvescens,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1875)", 22689122,Ciccaba virgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ciccaba,virgata,,,,,"(Cassin, 1850)",Ciccaba virgata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Strix.

22689144,Ciccaba huhula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ciccaba,huhula,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)",Ciccaba huhula (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Strix.

22689166,Strix woodfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,woodfordii,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 22689173,Jubula lettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Jubula,lettii,,,,,"(Büttikofer, 1889)", 22689203,Glaucidium perlatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,perlatum,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Sometimes considered part of a species-group centred on G. passerinum (which see). Subspecies diurnum sometimes synonymized with licua; birds from N Tanzania described as kilimense, which here included in diurnum. Three subspecies recognized." 22689222,Glaucidium jardinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,jardinii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22689253,Glaucidium peruanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,peruanum,,,,,"König, 1991", 22689258,Glaucidium nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,nana,,,,,"(King, 1828)",Glaucidium nana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as G. nanum. 22689262,Glaucidium siju,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,siju,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839)", 22689267,Glaucidium tephronotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,tephronotum,,,,,"Sharpe, 1875", 22689271,Glaucidium sjostedti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,sjostedti,,,,,"Reichenow, 1893", 22689277,Glaucidium cuculoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,cuculoides,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22689280,Glaucidium castanopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,castanopterum,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22689283,Glaucidium radiatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,radiatum,,,,,"(Tickell, 1833)", 22689286,Glaucidium castanotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,castanotum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)",Glaucidium castanotum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as G. castanonotum. 22689332,Athene brama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Athene,brama,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)", 22689353,Athene cunicularia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Athene,cunicularia,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22689366,Aegolius acadicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Aegolius,acadicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22689371,Aegolius ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Aegolius,ridgwayi,,,,,"(Alfaro, 1905)", 22689378,Aegolius harrisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Aegolius,harrisii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1849)", 22689385,Ninox rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,rufa,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22689389,Ninox strenua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,strenua,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22689394,Ninox connivens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,connivens,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22689398,Ninox rudolfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,rudolfi,,,,,"Meyer, 1882", 22689425,Athene superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Athene,superciliaris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",Athene superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ninox. 22689452,Ninox natalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,natalis,,,,,"Lister, 1889","

Ninox squamipila, N. hypogramma, N. hantu and N. forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. squamipila following Norman et al. (1998), and before then were also lumped with N. natalis as N. squamipila following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22689460,Ninox theomacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,theomacha,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22689465,Ninox meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,meeki,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1914", 22689470,Ninox punctulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,punctulata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22689496,Sceloglaux albifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Sceloglaux,albifacies,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)", 22689501,Pseudoscops grammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Pseudoscops,grammicus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1847)", 22689512,Asio abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Asio,abyssinicus,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)", 22689539,Nesasio solomonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Nesasio,solomonensis,,,,,"(Hartert, 1901)", 22689550,Aegotheles insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,insignis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875", 22689555,Aegotheles cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,cristatus,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 22689572,Aegotheles archboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,archboldi,,,,,"Rand, 1941", 22689576,Aegotheles albertisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,albertisi,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22689580,Podargus strigoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Podargus,strigoides,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22689583,Podargus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Podargus,papuensis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", 22689594,Batrachostomus harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,harterti,,,,,"Sharpe, 1892", 22689597,Batrachostomus septimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,septimus,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877", 22689630,Batrachostomus cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,cornutus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22689639,Nyctibius aethereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,NYCTIBIIDAE,Nyctibius,aethereus,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22689650,Nyctibius maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,NYCTIBIIDAE,Nyctibius,maculosus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1912", 22689653,Nyctibius leucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,NYCTIBIIDAE,Nyctibius,leucopterus,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 22689656,Eurostopodus argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eurostopodus,argus,,,,,"Hartert, 1892", 22689675,Eurostopodus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eurostopodus,papuensis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)", 22689680,Eurostopodus archboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eurostopodus,archboldi,,,,,"(Mayr & Rand, 1935)", 22689685,Lyncornis temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Lyncornis,temminckii,,,,,"Gould, 1838",Lyncornis temminckii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eurostopodus. 22689698,Lurocalis rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Lurocalis,rufiventris,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1884", 22689711,Chordeiles acutipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Chordeiles,acutipennis,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22689720,Nyctiprogne leucopyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctiprogne,leucopyga,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22689723,Chordeiles nacunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Chordeiles,nacunda,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22689798,Antrostomus sericocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,sericocaudatus,,,,,"Cassin, 1849",Antrostomus sericocaudatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689809,Antrostomus noctitherus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,noctitherus,,,,,"(Wetmore, 1919)",Antrostomus noctitherus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689855,Nyctidromus anthonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctidromus,anthonyi,,,,,"(Chapman, 1923)",Nyctidromus anthonyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689859,Setopagis maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Setopagis,maculosa,,,,,"(Todd, 1920)",Setopagis maculosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689862,Nyctipolus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctipolus,nigrescens,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1848)",Nyctipolus nigrescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689865,Setopagis whitelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Setopagis,whitelyi,,,,,"(Salvin, 1885)",Setopagis whitelyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689871,Veles binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Veles,binotatus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",Veles binotatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689893,Caprimulgus fraenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,fraenatus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1884", 22689898,Caprimulgus rufigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,rufigena,,,,,"Smith, 1845", 22689906,Caprimulgus mahrattensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,mahrattensis,,,,,"Sykes, 1832", 22689909,Caprimulgus centralasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,centralasicus,,,,,"Vaurie, 1960", 22689912,Caprimulgus nubicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,nubicus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22689916,Caprimulgus eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,eximius,,,,,"Temminck, 1826", 22689920,Caprimulgus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,madagascariensis,,,,,"Sganzin, 1840", 22689931,Caprimulgus atripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,atripennis,,,,,"Jerdon, 1845", 22689934,Caprimulgus manillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,manillensis,,,,,"Walden, 1875", 22689937,Caprimulgus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,celebensis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1894", 22689940,Caprimulgus donaldsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,donaldsoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1895", 22689954,Caprimulgus prigoginei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,prigoginei,,,,,"Louette, 1990", 22689969,Caprimulgus asiaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,asiaticus,,,,,"Latham, 1790", 22689972,Caprimulgus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,natalensis,,,,,"Smith, 1845", 22689977,Caprimulgus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,inornatus,,,,,"Heuglin, 1869", 22689981,Caprimulgus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,stellatus,,,,,"Blundell & Lovat, 1899", 22689985,Caprimulgus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,affinis,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22689988,Caprimulgus tristigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,tristigma,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840", 22690000,Gactornis enarratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Gactornis,enarratus,,,,,"(Gray, 1871)",Gactornis enarratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22690004,Caprimulgus batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,batesi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1906", 22690008,Caprimulgus climacurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,climacurus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1825", 22690012,Caprimulgus clarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,clarus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1892", 22690016,Caprimulgus fossii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,fossii,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1857", 22690021,Caprimulgus longipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,longipennis,,,,,"Shaw, 1796",Caprimulgus longipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Macrodipteryx. 22690029,Hydropsalis climacocerca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Hydropsalis,climacocerca,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22690032,Hydropsalis torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Hydropsalis,torquata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22690040,Uropsalis segmentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Uropsalis,segmentata,,,,,"(Cassin, 1849)", 22690043,Uropsalis lyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Uropsalis,lyra,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22690046,Macropsalis forcipata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Macropsalis,forcipata,,,,,"(Nitsch, 1840)", 22690059,Raphus cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Raphus,cucullatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22690062,Pezophaps solitaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Pezophaps,solitaria,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22690074,Columba rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,rupestris,,,,,"Pallas, 1811", 22690077,Columba leuconota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,leuconota,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22690084,Columba albitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,albitorques,,,,,"Rüppell, 1837", 22690092,Columba oliviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,oliviae,,,,,"Clarke, 1918", 22690131,Columba sjostedti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,sjostedti,,,,,"Reichenow, 1901", 22690145,Columba arquatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,arquatrix,,,,,"Temminck, 1809", 22690159,Columba hodgsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,hodgsonii,,,,,"Vigors, 1832", 22690164,Columba albinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,albinucha,,,,,"Sassi, 1911", 22690168,Columba pulchricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,pulchricollis,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 22690206,Columba janthina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,janthina,,,,,"Temminck, 1830", 22690211,Columba vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,vitiensis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", 22690215,Columba leucomela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,leucomela,,,,,"Temminck, 1821", 22690218,Columba versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,versicolor,,,,,"Kittlitz, 1832", 22690222,Columba jouyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,jouyi,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1887)", 22690241,Patagioenas squamosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,squamosa,,,,,"Bonnaterre, 1792", 22690247,Patagioenas corensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,corensis,,,,,"Jacquin, 1784", 22690253,Patagioenas picazuro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,picazuro,,,,,"Temminck, 1813", 22690273,Patagioenas araucana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,araucana,,,,,"Lesson, 1827", 22690346,Columba iriditorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,iriditorques,,,,,"Cassin, 1856", 22690364,Nesoenas picturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Nesoenas,picturatus,,,,,"Temminck, 1813", 22690384,Aplopelia larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Aplopelia,larvata,,,,,"Temminck, 1809", 22690426,Streptopelia hypopyrrha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,hypopyrrha,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1910)", 22690432,Streptopelia lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,lugens,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 22690439,Streptopelia orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,orientalis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22690477,Streptopelia decipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,decipiens,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)", 22690484,Streptopelia vinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,vinacea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22690499,Streptopelia semitorquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,semitorquata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 22690529,Streptopelia reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,reichenowi,,,,,"(Erlanger, 1901)", 22690545,Macropygia unchall,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,unchall,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22690553,Macropygia tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,tenuirostris,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1854", 22690557,Macropygia emiliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,emiliana,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1854", 22690561,Macropygia amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,amboinensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Macropygia amboinensis and M. phasianella (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. amboinensis following Christidis and Boles (1994). Prior to that, the two taxa had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22690571,Macropygia phasianella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,phasianella,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)","Macropygia amboinensis and M. phasianella (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. amboinensis following Christidis and Boles (1994). Prior to that, the two taxa had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22690576,Macropygia ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,ruficeps,,,,,"(Temminck, 1834)", 22690580,Macropygia nigrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,nigrirostris,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875", 22690584,Macropygia mackinlayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,mackinlayi,,,,,"Ramsay, 1878", 22690589,Reinwardtoena reinwardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Reinwardtoena,reinwardti,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22690600,Reinwardtoena crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Reinwardtoena,crassirostris,,,,,"(Gould, 1856)", 22690614,Turtur abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turtur,abyssinicus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1902)", 22690621,Turtur chalcospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turtur,chalcospilos,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22690628,Turtur afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turtur,afer,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22690635,Turtur tympanistria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turtur,tympanistria,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)", 22690639,Turtur brehmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turtur,brehmeri,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1865)", 22690661,Henicophaps albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Henicophaps,albifrons,,,,,"Gray, 1862", 22690667,Phaps chalcoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phaps,chalcoptera,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22690670,Phaps elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phaps,elegans,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)", 22690673,Phaps histrionica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phaps,histrionica,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22690676,Ocyphaps lophotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ocyphaps,lophotes,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22690692,Geophaps scripta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geophaps,scripta,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)", 22690695,Petrophassa albipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Petrophassa,albipennis,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22690700,Petrophassa rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Petrophassa,rufipennis,,,,,"Collett, 1898", 22690705,Geopelia cuneata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geopelia,cuneata,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22690708,Geopelia striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geopelia,striata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22690716,Geopelia maugeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geopelia,maugeus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)", 22690719,Geopelia placida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geopelia,placida,,,,,"Gould, 1844", 22690724,Geopelia humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geopelia,humeralis,,,,,"(Temminck., 1821)", 22690727,Leucosarcia melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leucosarcia,melanoleuca,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22690747,Zenaida auriculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zenaida,auriculata,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1847)", 22690762,Columbina inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,inca,,,,,"(Lesson, 1847)", 22690794,Columbina picui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,picui,,,,,"(Temminck, 1813)", 22690829,Metriopelia ceciliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Metriopelia,ceciliae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1845)", 22690834,Metriopelia morenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Metriopelia,morenoi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1902)", 22690839,Metriopelia melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Metriopelia,melanoptera,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22690844,Metriopelia aymara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Metriopelia,aymara,,,,,"(Prévost, 1840)", 22690849,Uropelia campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Uropelia,campestris,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22690857,Leptotila megalura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,megalura,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1879", 22690942,Zentrygon goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,goldmani,,,,,"(Nelson, 1912)",Zentrygon goldmani (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon. 22690950,Zentrygon frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,frenata,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1843)",Zentrygon frenata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon. 22690954,Geotrygon chrysia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,chrysia,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1855", 22690958,Geotrygon mystacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,mystacea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1811)", 22690979,Gallicolumba luzonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gallicolumba,luzonica,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22690991,Gallicolumba crinigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gallicolumba,crinigera,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1853)", 22691019,Alopecoenas jobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,jobiensis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)",Alopecoenas jobiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 22691037,Alopecoenas xanthonurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,xanthonurus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)",Alopecoenas xanthonurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba as G. xanthonura. 22691042,Alopecoenas stairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,stairi,,,,,"(Gray, 1856)",Alopecoenas stairi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 22691052,Alopecoenas ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Forster, 1844)",Alopecoenas ferrugineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba as G. ferruginea. 22691056,Alopecoenas salamonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,salamonis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1882)",Alopecoenas salamonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 22691081,Trugon terrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Trugon,terrestris,,,,,"Gray, 1849", 22691086,Microgoura meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Microgoura,meeki,,,,,"Rothschild, 1904", 22691121,Phapitreron cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,cinereiceps,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)", 22691137,Treron vernans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,vernans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)", 22691142,Treron bicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,bicinctus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1840)", 22691165,Treron griseicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,griseicauda,,,,,"Wallace, 1863", 22691198,Treron capellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,capellei,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22691203,Treron phoenicopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,phoenicopterus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22691212,Treron waalia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,waalia,,,,,"(Meyer, 1793)", 22691269,Treron seimundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,seimundi,,,,,"(Robinson, 1910)", 22691274,Treron sphenurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,sphenurus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)", 22691283,Treron sieboldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,sieboldii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22691297,Ptilinopus porphyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,porphyreus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22691302,Ptilinopus cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,cinctus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)",Ptilinopus cinctus and P. alligator (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cinctus following Christidis and Boles (1994).

22691307,Ptilinopus dohertyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,dohertyi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1896)", 22691312,Ptilinopus alligator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,alligator,,,,,"(Collett, 1898)",Ptilinopus cinctus and P. alligator (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cinctus following Christidis and Boles (1994).

22691317,Ramphiculus marchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,marchei,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1880)",Ramphiculus marchei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus. 22691322,Ramphiculus merrilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,merrilli,,,,,"(McGregor, 1916)",Ramphiculus merrilli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus. 22691367,Megaloprepia magnifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Megaloprepia,magnifica,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)",Megaloprepia magnifica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus as P. magnificus. 22691372,Ptilinopus perlatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,perlatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22691386,Ptilinopus tannensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,tannensis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22691391,Ptilinopus aurantiifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,aurantiifrons,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22691396,Ptilinopus wallacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,wallacii,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22691410,Ptilinopus perousii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,perousii,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22691415,Ptilinopus monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,monacha,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22691420,Ptilinopus coronulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,coronulatus,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22691425,Ptilinopus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,pulchellus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22691430,Ptilinopus regina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,regina,,,,,"Swainson, 1825", 22691440,Ptilinopus greyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,greyi,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1857",Ptilinopus greyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. greyii. 22691460,Ptilinopus pelewensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,pelewensis,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868", 22691480,Ptilinopus coralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,coralensis,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22691485,Ptilinopus chalcurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,chalcurus,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22691490,Ptilinopus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,insularis,,,,,"(North, 1908)", 22691495,Ptilinopus mercierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,mercierii,,,,,"(Des Murs & Prévost, 1849)", 22691500,Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,dupetithouarsii,,,,,"(Neboux, 1840)", 22691519,Ptilinopus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,viridis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22691524,Ptilinopus eugeniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,eugeniae,,,,,"(Gould, 1856)", 22691529,Ptilinopus hyogastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,hyogastrus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22691539,Ptilinopus granulifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,granulifrons,,,,,"Hartert, 1898", 22691544,Ptilinopus iozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,iozonus,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22691554,Ptilinopus nainus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,nainus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)",Ptilinopus nainus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. naina. 22691558,Ptilinopus melanospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,melanospilus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22691568,Ptilinopus arcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,arcanus,,,,,"Ripley & Rabor, 1955", 22691573,Chrysoena victor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Chrysoena,victor,,,,,"Gould, 1872",Chrysoena victor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus. 22691577,Chrysoena luteovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Chrysoena,luteovirens,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)",Chrysoena luteovirens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus. 22691581,Chrysoena viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Chrysoena,viridis,,,,,"Layard, 1875","Chrysoena viridis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus as P. layardi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); the name viridis has priority over layardi." 22691585,Drepanoptila holosericea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Drepanoptila,holosericea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1810)", 22691588,Alectroenas madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alectroenas,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22691601,Alectroenas nitidissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alectroenas,nitidissimus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)",Alectroenas nitidissimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. nitidissima. 22691605,Alectroenas pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alectroenas,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)",Alectroenas pulcherrimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. pulcherrima. 22691611,Ducula poliocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,poliocephala,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)", 22691622,Ducula mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,mindorensis,,,,,"(Whitehead, 1896)", 22691653,Ducula concinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,concinna,,,,,"(Wallace, 1865)", 22691658,Ducula pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,pacifica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22691674,Ducula galeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,galeata,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22691710,Ducula pickeringii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,pickeringii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1854)", 22691724,Ducula rufigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,rufigaster,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22691734,Ducula chalconota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,chalconota,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1874)", 22691739,Ducula latrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,latrans,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22691754,Ducula goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,goliath,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 22691770,Ducula mullerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,mullerii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22691775,Ducula zoeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,zoeae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)", 22691789,Ducula lacernulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,lacernulata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22691837,Lopholaimus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Lopholaimus,antarcticus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)", 22691850,Gymnophaps albertisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gymnophaps,albertisii,,,,,"Salvadori, 1874", 22691860,Gymnophaps solomonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gymnophaps,solomonensis,,,,,"Mayr, 1931", 22691905,Neotis denhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Neotis,denhami,,,,,"(Children, 1826)", 22691914,Neotis nuba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Neotis,nuba,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)", 22691920,Neotis heuglinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Neotis,heuglinii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1859)", 22691928,Ardeotis kori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Ardeotis,kori,,,,,"(Burchell, 1822)", 22691940,Ardeotis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Ardeotis,australis,,,,,"(Gray, 1829)", 22691960,Lophotis gindiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Lophotis,gindiana,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1881)","Lophotis gindiana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis.

Lophotis (Eupodotis) ruficrista, L. savilei and L. gindiana (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) are retained as separate species contra Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) who included savilei and gindiana as subspecies of E. ruficrista.

" 22691965,Lophotis ruficrista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Lophotis,ruficrista,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)","Lophotis ruficrista (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis.

Lophotis (Eupodotis) ruficrista, L. savilei and L. gindiana (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) are retained as separate species contra Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) who included savilei and gindiana as subspecies of E. ruficrista.

" 22691970,Afrotis afraoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Afrotis,afraoides,,,,,"(Smith, 1831)","Afrotis afraoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis.

Afrotis (Eupodotis) afra and E. afraoides (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) are retained as separate species contra Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) who included afraoides as a subspecies of E. afra.

" 22691975,Afrotis afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Afrotis,afra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Afrotis afra (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis.

Afrotis (Eupodotis) afra and E. afraoides (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) are retained as separate species contra Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) who included afraoides as a subspecies of E. afra.

" 22691980,Heterotetrax rueppelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Heterotetrax,rueppelii,,,,,"(Wahlberg, 1856)",Heterotetrax rueppelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis. 22691986,Heterotetrax vigorsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Heterotetrax,vigorsii,,,,,"(Smith, 1831)",Heterotetrax vigorsii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis. 22691991,Heterotetrax humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Heterotetrax,humilis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)",Heterotetrax humilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis. 22691996,Eupodotis senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Eupodotis,senegalensis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1820)", 22692007,Lissotis melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Lissotis,melanogaster,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)",Lissotis melanogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis. 22692011,Lissotis hartlaubii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Lissotis,hartlaubii,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1863)",Lissotis hartlaubii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis. 22692039,Balearica pavonina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Balearica,pavonina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Formerly considered conspecific with B. regulorum (lumped species sometimes erroneously listed as B. regulorum), but differences revealed by electrophoresis, together with those in vocalizations, bare parts and plumage, as well as in genetic evidence (Krajewski & King 1996, Krajewski et al. 2010), advocate recognition of two species. Two subspecies recognized." 22692046,Balearica regulorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Balearica,regulorum,,,,,"(Bennett, 1834)","Formerly considered conspecific with B. pavonina (lumped species sometimes erroneously listed as B. regulorum), but differences revealed by electrophoresis, together with those in vocalizations, bare parts and plumage, as well as in genetic evidence (Krajewski & King 1996, Krajewski et al. 2010), advocate recognition of two species. Two subspecies recognized." 22692064,Grus antigone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,antigone,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Previously placed in Antigone (del Hoyo & Collar 2014), before which it was included within Grus, as it is once again (Handbook of the Birds of the World & BirdLife International 2021). 
Race gillae (misspelt gilliae in HBW [del Hoyo et al. 1996]) sometimes included in sharpii; fordi is a synonym. Possible subspecies luzonica (N Philippines, now presumed extinct) probably inseparable from sharpii. Three extant subspecies recognized." 22692067,Grus rubicunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,rubicunda,,,,,"(Perry, 1810)","Previously placed in Antigone (del Hoyo & Collar 2014), before which it was included within Grus, as it is once more (Handbook of the Birds of the World & BirdLife International 2021).
N and S populations formerly accorded separate subspecies, with argentea for N birds; subspecific division no longer widely accepted, although the two populations are probably independent. Monotypic." 22692151,Grus monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,monacha,,,,,"Temminck, 1835",Molecular data indicate that G. nigricollis is this species’ closest living relative (Krajewski & King 1996). Hybrids between this species and G. grus recorded on migration in NE China (Williams et al. 1992). Monotypic. 22692174,Aramus guarauna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,ARAMIDAE,Aramus,guarauna,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22692177,Podica senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,HELIORNITHIDAE,Podica,senegalensis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22692205,Cariama cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CARIAMIFORMES,CARIAMIDAE,Cariama,cristata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22692208,Chunga burmeisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CARIAMIFORMES,CARIAMIDAE,Chunga,burmeisteri,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)", 22692215,Sarothrura pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,pulchra,,,,,"(Gray, 1829)", 22692219,Sarothrura elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,elegans,,,,,"(Smith, 1839)", 22692223,Sarothrura rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,rufa,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22692236,Sarothrura affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,affinis,,,,,"(Smith, 1828)", 22692241,Sarothrura insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,insularis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1870)", 22692260,Canirallus oculeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Canirallus,oculeus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)", 22692270,Coturnicops exquisitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Coturnicops,exquisitus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1873)", 22692278,Coturnicops notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Coturnicops,notatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22692288,Rallicula rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallicula,rubra,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871",Rallicula rubra (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Rallina. 22692293,Rallicula leucospila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallicula,leucospila,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)",Rallicula leucospila (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Rallina. 22692298,Rallicula forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallicula,forbesi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1887",Rallicula forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Rallina. 22692308,Rallina tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallina,tricolor,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22692314,Rallina fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallina,fasciata,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 22692320,Rufirallus castaneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rufirallus,castaneiceps,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)",Rufirallus castaneiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anurolimnas. 22692323,Rufirallus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rufirallus,viridis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",Rufirallus viridis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anurolimnas. 22692330,Porzana fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porzana,fasciata,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1868",Porzana fasciata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anurolimnas as A. fasciatus. 22692337,Laterallus melanophaius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,melanophaius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22692346,Laterallus albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,albigularis,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1861)", 22692371,Laterallus leucopyrrhus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,leucopyrrhus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22692374,Laterallus xenopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,xenopterus,,,,,"Conover, 1934", 22692388,Gallirallus lafresnayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallirallus,lafresnayanus,,,,,"Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860", 22692395,Hypotaenidia sylvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,sylvestris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1869)","Gallirallus conditicius (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), known only from the type reputedly collected in the Apiang Group of the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati, in 1861, is not recognised as a separate species but is treated as a synonym of H. sylvestris (Greenway 1952, Olson 1992).


Hypotaenidia sylvestris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus." 22692425,Hypotaenidia philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,philippensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Hypotaenidia philippensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus.

Gallirallus sharpei (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) is now considered a colour morph of Buff-banded Rail H. philippensis based on unpublished genetic work (R. W. R. J. Dekker in litt. 2008).

" 22692438,Hypotaenidia rovianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,rovianae,,,,,"(Diamond, 1991)",Hypotaenidia rovianae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus. 22692447,Hypotaenidia wakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,wakensis,,,,,"Rothschild, 1903",Hypotaenidia wakensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus. 22692450,Hypotaenidia pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,pacifica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Hypotaenidia pacifica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus as G. pacificus.

The name ecaudatus or ecaudata, often incorrectly used for this species, in fact refers to Buff-banded Rail H. philippensis (Taylor 1998)." 22692455,Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,dieffenbachii,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)",Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus. 22692463,Lewinia striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Lewinia,striata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Lewinia striata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus as G. striatus. 22692476,Rallus wetmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,wetmorei,,,,,"Zimmer & Phelps, 1944", 22692498,Rallus caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,caerulescens,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22692521,Lewinia pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Lewinia,pectoralis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1831)", 22692529,Lewinia muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Lewinia,muelleri,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)", 22692535,Dryolimnas cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Dryolimnas,cuvieri,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1845)", 22692539,Crex egregia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Crex,egregia,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)",Crex egregia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Crecopsis. 22692552,Aramidopsis plateni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramidopsis,plateni,,,,,"(Blasius, 1886)", 22692560,Aramides mangle,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,mangle,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22692581,Aramides wolfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,wolfi,,,,,"Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884", 22692586,Aramides ypecaha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,ypecaha,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22692591,Aramides saracura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,saracura,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22692596,Aramides calopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,calopterus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1878", 22692609,Gymnocrex plumbeiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gymnocrex,plumbeiventris,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)", 22692612,Zapornia akool,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,akool,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)",Zapornia akool (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Amaurornis. 22692616,Amaurornis olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurornis,olivacea,,,,,"(Meyen, 1834)", 22692632,Amaurornis moluccana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurornis,moluccana,,,,,"(Wallace, 1865)", 22692643,Zapornia flavirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,flavirostra,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)",Zapornia flavirostra (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Amaurornis. 22692660,Zapornia bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,bicolor,,,,,"(Walden, 1872)",Zapornia bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Amaurornis. 22692672,Zapornia palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,palmeri,,,,,"(Frohawk, 1892)",Zapornia palmeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22692680,Porzana fluminea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porzana,fluminea,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22692684,Porzana carolina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porzana,carolina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22692687,Laterallus spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,spilopterus,,,,,"(Durnford, 1877)","Laterallus spilopterus (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously in the genus Porzana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014). Stervander et al. (2019) found that Inaccessible Rail Atlantisia rogersi, Dot-winged Crake Porzana spiloptera and Yellow-breasted Crake Hapalocrex flaviventer nest within a clade of Laterallus crakes, with the first two grouped closely with Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis. It thus appears appropriate to move all three species to the genus Laterallus, and this option is adopted by BirdLife." 22692690,Porzana albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porzana,albicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22692693,Zapornia sandwichensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,sandwichensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Zapornia sandwichensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana.

Porzana millsi (often incorrectly spelled ""millei"") is a synonym, used for the darker, probably immature, form of the species (Taylor 1998).

" 22692699,Zapornia fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,fusca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Zapornia fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22692702,Zapornia paykullii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,paykullii,,,,,"(Ljungh, 1813)",Zapornia paykullii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22692705,Zapornia tabuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,tabuensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Zapornia tabuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22692708,Zapornia monasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,monasa,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1858)",Zapornia monasa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22692723,Amaurornis cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurornis,cinerea,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)",Amaurornis cinerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22692740,Neocrex colombiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Neocrex,colombiana,,,,,"Bangs, 1898", 22692760,Neocrex erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Neocrex,erythrops,,,,,"(Sclater, 1867)", 22692763,Pardirallus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Pardirallus,maculatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22692766,Pardirallus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Pardirallus,nigricans,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22692772,Pardirallus sanguinolentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Pardirallus,sanguinolentus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22692778,Eulabeornis castaneoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Eulabeornis,castaneoventris,,,,,"Gould, 1844", 22692781,Habroptila wallacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Habroptila,wallacii,,,,,"Gray, 1860", 22692789,Gallicrex cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallicrex,cinerea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22692801,Porphyrio albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,albus,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 22692816,Porphyrio alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,alleni,,,,,"Thomson, 1842", 22692827,Porphyrio martinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,martinicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22692848,Porphyrio flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,flavirostris,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22692880,Gallinula tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallinula,tenebrosa,,,,,"Gould, 1846", 22692883,Paragallinula angulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Paragallinula,angulata,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1851)","Gallinula angula has been assigned to Paragallinula based on molecular findings (Sangster et al. 2015), which are accepted by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group." 22692887,Porphyriops melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyriops,melanops,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)","Gallinula melanops has been assigned to Porphyriops based on molecular findings (Sangster et al. 2015), which are accepted by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group." 22692893,Tribonyx ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Tribonyx,ventralis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)",Tribonyx ventralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallinula. 22692920,Fulica alai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,alai,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22692929,Fulica leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,leucoptera,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22692932,Fulica ardesiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,ardesiaca,,,,,"Tschudi, 1843", 22692937,Fulica armillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,armillata,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22692940,Fulica rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,rufifrons,,,,,"Philippi & Landbeck, 1861", 22692943,Fulica gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,gigantea,,,,,"Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841", 22692946,Fulica cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,cornuta,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1853", 22692977,Syrrhaptes tibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Syrrhaptes,tibetanus,,,,,"Gould, 1850", 22692986,Pterocles namaqua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,namaqua,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22692994,Pterocles senegallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,senegallus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)", 22692998,Pterocles gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,gutturalis,,,,,"Smith, 1836", 22693005,Pterocles coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,coronatus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22693009,Pterocles personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,personatus,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22693013,Pterocles decoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,decoratus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1868", 22693017,Pterocles bicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,bicinctus,,,,,"Temminck, 1815", 22693021,Pterocles quadricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,quadricinctus,,,,,"Temminck, 1815", 22693025,Pterocles indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,indicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693028,Pterocles lichtensteinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,lichtensteinii,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 22693032,Pterocles burchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,burchelli,,,,,"Sclater, 1922", 22693036,Attagis gayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,THINOCORIDAE,Attagis,gayi,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831", 22693039,Attagis malouinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,THINOCORIDAE,Attagis,malouinus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22693042,Thinocorus orbignyianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,THINOCORIDAE,Thinocorus,orbignyianus,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831", 22693046,Thinocorus rumicivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,THINOCORIDAE,Thinocorus,rumicivorus,,,,,"Eschscholtz, 1829", 22693056,Scolopax mira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,mira,,,,,"Hartert, 1916", 22693060,Scolopax saturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,saturata,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22693065,Scolopax celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,celebensis,,,,,"Riley, 1921", 22693075,Gallinago solitaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,solitaria,,,,,"Hodgson, 1831", 22693090,Gallinago megala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,megala,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1861", 22693102,Gallinago nigripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,nigripennis,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1839", 22693112,Gallinago paraguaiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,paraguaiae,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22693115,Gallinago andina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,andina,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1875", 22693118,Gallinago nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,nobilis,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22693121,Gallinago undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,undulata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22693124,Gallinago jamesoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,jamesoni,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22693127,Gallinago stricklandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,stricklandii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 22693130,Gallinago imperialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,imperialis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1869", 22693137,Coenocorypha pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Coenocorypha,pusilla,,,,,"(Buller, 1869)", 22693162,Limosa fedoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Limosa,fedoa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693165,Numenius minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,minutus,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22693195,Numenius americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,americanus,,,,,"Bechstein, 1812", 22693225,Tringa guttifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,guttifer,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1835)", 22693231,Tringa melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,melanoleuca,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693235,Tringa flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,flavipes,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693277,Actitis macularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Actitis,macularius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22693289,Tringa brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,brevipes,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Tringa brevipes (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Heteroscelus. 22693305,Tringa incana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,incana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Tringa incana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Heteroscelus as H. incanus. 22693319,Tringa semipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,semipalmata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Tringa semipalmata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Catoptrophorus as C. semipalmatus. 22693330,Prosobonia leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Prosobonia,leucoptera,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693341,Arenaria melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Arenaria,melanocephala,,,,,"(Vigors, 1829)", 22693344,Limnodromus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Limnodromus,griseus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693348,Limnodromus scolopaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Limnodromus,scolopaceus,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 22693351,Limnodromus semipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Limnodromus,semipalmatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1848)", 22693356,Calidris virgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,virgata,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22693373,Calidris pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,pusilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22693376,Calidris mauri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,mauri,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1857)", 22693383,Calidris ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,ruficollis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 22693392,Calidris subminuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,subminuta,,,,,"(Middendorff, 1853)", 22693396,Calidris minutilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,minutilla,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22693408,Calidris melanotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,melanotos,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22693437,Calidris himantopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,himantopus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1826)", 22693472,Steganopus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Steganopus,tricolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22693520,Nycticryphes semicollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ROSTRATULIDAE,Nycticryphes,semicollaris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Nycticryphes semicollaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Rostratula. 22693528,Actophilornis africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Actophilornis,africanus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693540,Irediparra gallinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Irediparra,gallinacea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)", 22693543,Hydrophasianus chirurgus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Hydrophasianus,chirurgus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22693547,Metopidius indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Metopidius,indicus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22693567,Chionis minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHIONIDAE,Chionis,minor,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1841", 22693570,Pluvianellus socialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,PLUVIANELLIDAE,Pluvianellus,socialis,,,,,"Gray, 1846", 22693580,Burhinus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,senegalensis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22693584,Burhinus vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,vermiculatus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1868)", 22693589,Burhinus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,capensis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22693597,Burhinus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,superciliaris,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1843)", 22693600,Burhinus grallarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,grallarius,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22693644,Haematopus palliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,palliatus,,,,,"Temminck, 1820", 22693647,Haematopus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,longirostris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22693651,Haematopus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,unicolor,,,,,"Forster, 1844", 22693663,Haematopus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,fuliginosus,,,,,"Gould, 1845", 22693669,Haematopus leucopodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,leucopodus,,,,,"Garnot, 1826", 22693672,Ibidorhyncha struthersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,IBIDORHYNCHIDAE,Ibidorhyncha,struthersii,,,,,"Vigors, 1832", 22693709,Cladorhynchus leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,RECURVIROSTRIDAE,Cladorhynchus,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22693720,Recurvirostra novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,RECURVIROSTRIDAE,Recurvirostra,novaehollandiae,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22693724,Recurvirostra andina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,RECURVIROSTRIDAE,Recurvirostra,andina,,,,,"Philippi & Landbeck, 1861", 22693740,Pluvialis dominica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Pluvialis,dominica,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22693767,Charadrius placidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,placidus,,,,,"Gray & Gray, 1863", 22693774,Charadrius wilsonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,wilsonia,,,,,"Ord, 1814", 22693777,Charadrius vociferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,vociferus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22693780,Charadrius thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,thoracicus,,,,,"(Richmond, 1896)", 22693793,Charadrius pecuarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,pecuarius,,,,,"Temminck, 1823", 22693807,Charadrius forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,forbesi,,,,,"(Shelley, 1883)", 22693828,Charadrius marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,marginatus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22693832,Charadrius ruficapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,ruficapillus,,,,,"Temminck, 1822", 22693849,Charadrius alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,alticola,,,,,"(Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902)", 22693855,Charadrius mongolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,mongolus,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22693872,Charadrius veredus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,veredus,,,,,"Gould, 1848", 22693879,Charadrius modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,modestus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22693883,Thinornis cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Thinornis,cucullatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Thinornis cucullatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as T. rubricollis; the name cucullatus has priority." 22693899,Thinornis novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Thinornis,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693903,Erythrogonys cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Erythrogonys,cinctus,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22693921,Oreopholus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Oreopholus,ruficollis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22693931,Phegornis mitchellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Phegornis,mitchellii,,,,,"(Fraser, 1845)", 22693936,Peltohyas australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Peltohyas,australis,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)",Peltohyas australis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Charadrius. 22693943,Elseyornis melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Elseyornis,melanops,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22693954,Vanellus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,crassirostris,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)", 22693959,Vanellus malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,malabaricus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22693967,Vanellus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,tricolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22693978,Vanellus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,armatus,,,,,"(Burchell, 1822)", 22693992,Vanellus duvaucelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,duvaucelii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)", 22693995,Vanellus tectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,tectus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22694010,Vanellus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,cinereus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22694027,Vanellus senegallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,senegallus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22694033,Vanellus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,lugubris,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)", 22694038,Vanellus melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,melanopterus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1829)", 22694043,Vanellus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,coronatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22694072,Hoploxypterus cayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Hoploxypterus,cayanus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)",Hoploxypterus cayanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Vanellus. 22694078,Vanellus resplendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,resplendens,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1843)", 22694086,Pluvianus aegyptius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,PLUVIANIDAE,Pluvianus,aegyptius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694091,Smutsornis africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Smutsornis,africanus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1807)",Smutsornis africanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Rhinoptilus. 22694095,Rhinoptilus chalcopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Rhinoptilus,chalcopterus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22694099,Rhinoptilus cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Rhinoptilus,cinctus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1863)", 22694116,Cursorius rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Cursorius,rufus,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22694120,Cursorius temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Cursorius,temminckii,,,,,"Swainson, 1822", 22694124,Cursorius coromandelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Cursorius,coromandelicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22694132,Glareola maldivarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Glareola,maldivarum,,,,,"Forster, 1795", 22694144,Glareola nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Glareola,nuchalis,,,,,"Gray, 1849", 22694148,Glareola cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Glareola,cinerea,,,,,"Fraser, 1843", 22694152,Glareola lactea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Glareola,lactea,,,,,"Temminck, 1820", 22694157,Stiltia isabella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Stiltia,isabella,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22694256,Rynchops niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Rynchops,niger,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22694440,Larus serranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,serranus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844", 22694679,Sternula superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sternula,superciliaris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)",Sternula superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22694750,Chlidonias albostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Chlidonias,albostriatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",Chlidonias albostriatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna as S. albostriata.

22694791,Phaetusa simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Phaetusa,simplex,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22694950,Aviceda madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aviceda,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 22694976,Henicopernis longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Henicopernis,longicauda,,,,,"(Garnot, 1828)", 22695017,Elanoides forficatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Elanoides,forficatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22695021,Macheiramphus alcinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Macheiramphus,alcinus,,,,,"Westermann, 1851", 22695033,Elanus axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Elanus,axillaris,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22695036,Elanus leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Elanus,leucurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22695066,Ictinia mississippiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Ictinia,mississippiensis,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)", 22695091,Haliastur sphenurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliastur,sphenurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22695094,Haliastur indus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliastur,indus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22695105,Haliaeetus sanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,sanfordi,,,,,"Mayr, 1935", 22695144,Haliaeetus leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22695156,Icthyophaga humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Icthyophaga,humilis,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1841)",The genus Icthyophaga (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously spelled Ichthyophaga. 22695283,Circaetus cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circaetus,cinerascens,,,,,"von Müller, 1851", 22695313,Spilornis rufipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spilornis,rufipectus,,,,,"Gould, 1858", 22695318,Spilornis holospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spilornis,holospilus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22695330,Dryotriorchis spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Dryotriorchis,spectabilis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1863)", 22695336,Eutriorchis astur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Eutriorchis,astur,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1875)", 22695352,Circus ranivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,ranivorus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22695368,Circus macrosceles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,macrosceles,,,,,"Newton, 1863", 22695373,Circus buffoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,buffoni,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695376,Circus assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,assimilis,,,,,"Jardine & Selby, 1828", 22695393,Circus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,cinereus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22695409,Polyboroides typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Polyboroides,typus,,,,,"Smith, 1829", 22695415,Polyboroides radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Polyboroides,radiatus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22695421,Kaupifalco monogrammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Kaupifalco,monogrammicus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22695425,Melierax metabates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Melierax,metabates,,,,,"Heuglin, 1861", 22695431,Melierax poliopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Melierax,poliopterus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1869", 22695438,Melierax canorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Melierax,canorus,,,,,"(Rislachi, 1799)", 22695445,Micronisus gabar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Micronisus,gabar,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)",Micronisus gabar (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Melierax. 22695462,Accipiter trivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,trivirgatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22695465,Accipiter griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,griseiceps,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1862)", 22695486,Accipiter castanilius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,castanilius,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1853", 22695494,Accipiter butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,butleri,,,,,"(Gurney, 1898)", 22695508,Accipiter francesiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,francesiae,,,,,"Smith, 1834", 22695516,Accipiter trinotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,trinotatus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22695527,Accipiter fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,fasciatus,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22695538,Accipiter rufitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,rufitorques,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22695541,Accipiter haplochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,haplochrous,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22695558,Accipiter poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,poliocephalus,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22695561,Accipiter princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,princeps,,,,,"Mayr, 1934", 22695576,Accipiter erythropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,erythropus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)", 22695581,Accipiter minullus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,minullus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22695596,Accipiter erythrauchen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,erythrauchen,,,,,"Gray, 1861", 22695599,Accipiter cirrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,cirrocephalus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22695610,Accipiter rhodogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,rhodogaster,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1862)", 22695630,Accipiter rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,rufiventris,,,,,"Smith, 1830", 22695656,Accipiter cooperii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,cooperii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1828)", 22695673,Accipiter melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,melanoleucus,,,,,"Smith, 1830", 22695689,Accipiter meyerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,meyerianus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1878)", 22695692,Erythrotriorchis buergersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Erythrotriorchis,buergersi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1914)", 22695706,Megatriorchis doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Megatriorchis,doriae,,,,,"Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1876", 22695718,Butastur teesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Butastur,teesa,,,,,"(Franklin, 1831)", 22695745,Buteogallus schistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,schistaceus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1851)",Buteogallus schistaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis.

22695757,Leucopternis melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Leucopternis,melanops,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22695760,Leucopternis kuhli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Leucopternis,kuhli,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22695763,Buteogallus lacernulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,lacernulatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)",Buteogallus lacernulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis.

22695789,Pseudastur occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pseudastur,occidentalis,,,,,"(Salvin, 1876)",Pseudastur occidentalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis. 22695838,Parabuteo unicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Parabuteo,unicinctus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22695845,Geranoaetus melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Geranoaetus,melanoleucus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22695855,Buteogallus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,coronatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",Buteogallus coronatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Harpyhaliaetus. 22695883,Buteo lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,lineatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695891,Buteo platypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,platypterus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22695894,Parabuteo leucorrhous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Parabuteo,leucorrhous,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",Parabuteo leucorrhous (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Buteo. 22695903,Buteo swainsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,swainsoni,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838", 22695929,Buteo solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,solitarius,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22695933,Buteo jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695936,Buteo ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,ventralis,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22695957,Buteo brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,brachypterus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1860", 22695970,Buteo regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,regalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)", 22695987,Buteo rufofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,rufofuscus,,,,,"(Forster, 1798)", 22696007,Harpyopsis novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Harpyopsis,novaeguineae,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875", 22696019,Ictinaetus malaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Ictinaetus,malaiensis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)",Ictinaetus malaiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as I. malayensis. 22696064,Aquila audax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,audax,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22696084,Aquila spilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,spilogaster,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",Aquila spilogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Hieraaetus.

22696134,Lophaetus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Lophaetus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22696159,Nisaetus alboniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,alboniger,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22696172,Nisaetus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)", 22696197,Spizaetus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spizaetus,ornatus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22696207,Spizaetus isidori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spizaetus,isidori,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1845)", 22696226,Daptrius ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Daptrius,ater,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22696238,Phalcoboenus carunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Phalcoboenus,carunculatus,,,,,"Des Murs, 1853", 22696241,Phalcoboenus megalopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Phalcoboenus,megalopterus,,,,,"(Meyen, 1834)", 22696244,Phalcoboenus albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Phalcoboenus,albogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22696247,Phalcoboenus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Phalcoboenus,australis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22696255,Caracara cheriway,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Caracara,cheriway,,,,,"Jacquin, 1784", 22696275,Micrastur plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Micrastur,plumbeus,,,,,"Sclater, 1918", 22696281,Micrastur gilvicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Micrastur,gilvicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22696296,Micrastur buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Micrastur,buckleyi,,,,,"Swann, 1919", 22696305,Spiziapteryx circumcincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Spiziapteryx,circumcincta,,,,,"(Kaup, 1852)", 22696313,Polihierax semitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Polihierax,semitorquatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22696324,Microhierax caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Microhierax,caerulescens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696327,Microhierax fringillarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Microhierax,fringillarius,,,,,"(Drapiez, 1824)", 22696336,Microhierax erythrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Microhierax,erythrogenys,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22696339,Microhierax melanoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Microhierax,melanoleucos,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)", 22696354,Falco berigora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,berigora,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827", 22696368,Falco newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,newtoni,,,,,"(Gurney, 1863)", 22696373,Falco punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,punctatus,,,,,"Temminck, 1821", 22696380,Falco araeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,araeus,,,,,"(Oberholser, 1917)",Falco araeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as F. araea. 22696388,Falco moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,moluccensis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22696391,Falco cenchroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,cenchroides,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827", 22696395,Falco sparverius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,sparverius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22696398,Falco rupicoloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,rupicoloides,,,,,"Smith, 1829", 22696406,Falco ardosiaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,ardosiaceus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1823", 22696410,Falco dickinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,dickinsoni,,,,,"Sclater, 1864", 22696414,Falco zoniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,zoniventris,,,,,"Peters, 1854", 22696473,Falco longipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,longipennis,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22696484,Falco subniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,subniger,,,,,"Gray, 1843", 22696504,Falco mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,mexicanus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1850", 22696516,Falco deiroleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,deiroleucus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 22696530,Rollandia rolland,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Rollandia,rolland,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 22696553,Tachybaptus novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Tachybaptus,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Stephens, 1826)", 22696558,Tachybaptus rufolavatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Tachybaptus,rufolavatus,,,,,"(Delacour, 1932)", 22696577,Podilymbus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podilymbus,gigas,,,,,"Griscom, 1929", 22696589,Poliocephalus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Poliocephalus,poliocephalus,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1827)", 22696596,Podiceps major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,major,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22696615,Podiceps andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,andinus,,,,,"(Meyer de Schauensee, 1959)", 22696634,Aechmophorus clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Aechmophorus,clarkii,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1858)", 22696702,Anhinga anhinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,ANHINGIDAE,Anhinga,anhinga,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22696712,Anhinga melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,ANHINGIDAE,Anhinga,melanogaster,,,,,"Pennant, 1769", 22696719,Anhinga novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,ANHINGIDAE,Anhinga,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)", 22696725,Microcarbo africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Microcarbo,africanus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Microcarbo africanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phalacrocorax. 22696740,Microcarbo niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Microcarbo,niger,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",Microcarbo niger (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phalacrocorax. 22696750,Urile perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Urile,perspicillatus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","Provisionally treated within genus Urile based on morphological similarities between this species and the other three species recently assigned therein following Kennedy and Spencer (2014); however this extinct taxon was not included in the molecular sampling." 22696782,Phalacrocorax varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,varius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22696788,Phalacrocorax sulcirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,sulcirostris,,,,,"(Brandt, 1837)", 22696913,Syrigma sibilatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Syrigma,sibilatrix,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22696922,Egretta vinaceigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,vinaceigula,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1895)", 22696926,Egretta ardesiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,ardesiaca,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22696931,Egretta tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,tricolor,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22696938,Egretta novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22696974,Egretta thula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,thula,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22696977,Egretta eulophotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,eulophotes,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1860)", 22697004,Ardea pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,pacifica,,,,,"Latham, 1801", 22697008,Ardea melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,melanocephala,,,,,"Vigors & Children, 1826", 22697012,Ardea humbloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,humbloti,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & Grandidier, 1885", 22697017,Ardea goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,goliath,,,,,"Cretzschmar, 1827", 22697128,Ardeola grayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardeola,grayii,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)", 22697133,Ardeola bacchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardeola,bacchus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22697138,Ardeola speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardeola,speciosa,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22697150,Ardeola rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardeola,rufiventris,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1851)", 22697200,Agamia agami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Agamia,agami,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697219,Nycticorax caledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Nycticorax,caledonicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697242,Gorsachius melanolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Gorsachius,melanolophus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 22697269,Tigrisoma lineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Tigrisoma,lineatum,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22697294,Ixobrychus involucris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,involucris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22697303,Ixobrychus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,sinensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697307,Ixobrychus novaezelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,novaezelandiae,,,,,"(Potts, 1871)", 22697314,Ixobrychus exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,exilis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697317,Ixobrychus eurhythmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,eurhythmus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1873)", 22697323,Ixobrychus cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697327,Ixobrychus sturmii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,sturmii,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22697334,Ixobrychus flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,flavicollis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22697340,Botaurus lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Botaurus,lentiginosus,,,,,"(Rackett, 1813)", 22697353,Botaurus poiciloptilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Botaurus,poiciloptilus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22697356,Scopus umbretta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,SCOPIDAE,Scopus,umbretta,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22697398,Phoenicoparrus jamesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHOENICOPTERIFORMES,PHOENICOPTERIDAE,Phoenicoparrus,jamesi,,,,,"Sclater, 1886", 22697415,Eudocimus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Eudocimus,ruber,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697418,Phimosus infuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Phimosus,infuscatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22697426,Plegadis chihi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Plegadis,chihi,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22697429,Plegadis ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Plegadis,ridgwayi,,,,,"(Allen, 1876)", 22697432,Cercibis oxycerca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Cercibis,oxycerca,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22697435,Theristicus caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Theristicus,caerulescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22697441,Theristicus caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Theristicus,caudatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22697463,Bostrychia hagedash,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Bostrychia,hagedash,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22697468,Bostrychia carunculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Bostrychia,carunculata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 22697472,Bostrychia olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Bostrychia,olivacea,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1838)", 22697496,Geronticus calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Geronticus,calvus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22697504,Lophotibis cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Lophotibis,cristata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22697516,Threskiornis melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Threskiornis,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22697519,Threskiornis moluccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Threskiornis,moluccus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",Threskiornis moluccus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as T. molucca. 22697528,Pseudibis papillosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Pseudibis,papillosa,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22697561,Platalea regia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Platalea,regia,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22697564,Platalea alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Platalea,alba,,,,,"Scopoli, 1786", 22697571,Platalea flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Platalea,flavipes,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22697574,Platalea ajaja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Platalea,ajaja,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697608,Pelecanus conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,conspicillatus,,,,,"Temminck, 1824", 22697611,Pelecanus erythrorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,erythrorhynchos,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22697624,Coragyps atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CATHARTIFORMES,CATHARTIDAE,Coragyps,atratus,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1783)", 22697633,Cathartes melambrotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CATHARTIFORMES,CATHARTIDAE,Cathartes,melambrotus,,,,,"Wetmore, 1964", 22697645,Sarcoramphus papa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CATHARTIFORMES,CATHARTIDAE,Sarcoramphus,papa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697648,Mycteria americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Mycteria,americana,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22697651,Mycteria cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Mycteria,cinerea,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 22697654,Mycteria ibis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Mycteria,ibis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22697658,Mycteria leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Mycteria,leucocephala,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)", 22697661,Anastomus oscitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Anastomus,oscitans,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22697673,Ciconia abdimii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,abdimii,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22697688,Ciconia maguari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,maguari,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697702,Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ephippiorhynchus,asiaticus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22697706,Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ephippiorhynchus,senegalensis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1800)", 22697716,Leptoptilos crumenifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Leptoptilos,crumenifer,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)",Leptoptilos crumenifer (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as L. crumeniferus. 22697721,Leptoptilos dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Leptoptilos,dubius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22698580,Xenicus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHISITTIDAE,Xenicus,longipes,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22698593,Traversia lyalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHISITTIDAE,Traversia,lyalli,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1894)", 22698602,Hydrornis nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)",Hydrornis nipalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta nipalensis. 22698605,Hydrornis soror,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,soror,,,,,"(Wardlaw-Ramsay, 1881)",Hydrornis soror (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta soror. 22698611,Hydrornis schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,schneideri,,,,,"(Hartert, 1909)",Hydrornis schneideri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta schneideri. 22698617,Hydrornis cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,cyaneus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)",Hydrornis cyaneus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta cyanea. 22698625,Hydrornis elliotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,elliotii,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1874)",Hydrornis elliotii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta elliotii. 103656903,Pitta sordida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,sordida,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Pitta sordida, P. novaeguineae and P. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. sordida following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22698640,Pitta superba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,superba,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1914", 22698644,Pitta steerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,steerii,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1876)", 22698648,Erythropitta kochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,kochi,,,,,"(Brüggemann, 1876)",

Erythropitta kochi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta kochi.

103656341,Erythropitta erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,erythrogaster,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22698656,Erythropitta dohertyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,dohertyi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1898)",Erythropitta dohertyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta dohertyi. 22698667,Erythropitta venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,venusta,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)",Erythropitta venusta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta venusta. 22698671,Pitta angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,angolensis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22698681,Pitta brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,brachyura,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22698688,Pitta moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,moluccensis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22698691,Pitta megarhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,megarhyncha,,,,,"Schlegel, 1863", 22698697,Pitta iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,iris,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 22698703,Pitta anerythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,anerythra,,,,,"Rothschild, 1901", 22698711,Smithornis sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOMENIDAE,Smithornis,sharpei,,,,,"Alexander, 1903", 22698724,Corydon sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Corydon,sumatranus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 103656950,Eurylaimus harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Eurylaimus,harterti,,,,,"van Oort, 1909","

Eurylaimus javanicus and E. harterti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. javanicus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103656929,Serilophus lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Serilophus,lunatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1834)","

Serilophus lunatus and S. rubropygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. lunatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22698747,Psarisomus dalhousiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Psarisomus,dalhousiae,,,,,"(Jameson, 1835)", 22698750,Calyptomena viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOMENIDAE,Calyptomena,viridis,,,,,"Raffles, 1822", 22698767,Philepitta schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHILEPITTIDAE,Philepitta,schlegeli,,,,,"Schlegel, 1875", 22698790,Mionectes striaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mionectes,striaticollis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 103680198,Mionectes macconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mionectes,macconnelli,,,,,"(C. Chubb, 1919)","Mionectes macconnelli and M. roraimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. macconnelli following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22698810,Leptopogon taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Leptopogon,taczanowskii,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1917", 22698819,Pseudotriccus pelzelni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudotriccus,pelzelni,,,,,"Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885", 22698824,Pseudotriccus simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudotriccus,simplex,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)", 22698829,Pseudotriccus ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudotriccus,ruficeps,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22698834,Poecilotriccus ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,ruficeps,,,,,"(Kaup, 1852)", 22698839,Poecilotriccus capitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,capitalis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22698844,Poecilotriccus albifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,albifacies,,,,,"(Blake, 1959)", 22698863,Hemitriccus josephinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,josephinae,,,,,"(Chubb, 1914)", 22698882,Hemitriccus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,obsoletus,,,,,"(Ribeiro, 1906)", 22698907,Hemitriccus orbitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,orbitatus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22698929,Hemitriccus spodiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,spodiops,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)", 22698964,Hemitriccus furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,furcatus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1846)", 22698972,Poecilotriccus senex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,senex,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22698979,Poecilotriccus russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,russatus,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1884)", 22698986,Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,plumbeiceps,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1846", 22698993,Poecilotriccus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,latirostris,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22699000,Poecilotriccus fumifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,fumifrons,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1853", 22699018,Todirostrum maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Todirostrum,maculatum,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1806)", 22699022,Todirostrum poliocephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Todirostrum,poliocephalum,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22699039,Todirostrum pictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Todirostrum,pictum,,,,,"Salvin, 1897", 22699043,Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Todirostrum,chrysocrotaphum,,,,,"Strickland, 1850", 22699047,Poecilotriccus calopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,calopterus,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22699054,Poecilotriccus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,pulchellus,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22699061,Corythopis torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Corythopis,torquatus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844", 22699086,Phyllomyias reiseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,reiseri,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1905", 22699092,Phyllomyias virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,virescens,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22699097,Phyllomyias sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,sclateri,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1901", 22699100,Phyllomyias griseocapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,griseocapilla,,,,,"Sclater, 1861", 22699110,Phyllomyias plumbeiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,plumbeiceps,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1869)", 22699113,Phyllomyias nigrocapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,nigrocapillus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)", 22699116,Phyllomyias cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,cinereiceps,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22699119,Phyllomyias uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,uropygialis,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1869)", 22699132,Zimmerius bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,bolivianus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1840)", 22699135,Zimmerius cinereicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,cinereicapilla,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 22699156,Zimmerius viridiflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,viridiflavus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22699160,Ornithion inerme,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ornithion,inerme,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1853", 22699163,Ornithion semiflavum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ornithion,semiflavum,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)", 22699166,Ornithion brunneicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ornithion,brunneicapillus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 103681893,Phaeomyias murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phaeomyias,murina,,,,,"(von Spix, 1825)","Phaeomyias murina and P. tumbezana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. murina following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699211,Sublegatus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sublegatus,modestus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22699230,Myiopagis gaimardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,gaimardii,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1840)", 103681536,Myiopagis caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,caniceps,,,,,"(Swainson, 1835)","Myiopagis caniceps, M. cinerea and M. parambae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. caniceps following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699239,Myiopagis subplacens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,subplacens,,,,,"(Sclater, 1861)", 22699245,Myiopagis cotta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,cotta,,,,,"(Gosse, 1849)", 22699248,Myiopagis viridicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,viridicata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22699251,Pseudelaenia leucospodia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudelaenia,leucospodia,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1877)", 22699265,Elaenia spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,spectabilis,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22699268,Elaenia ridleyana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,ridleyana,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888", 22699277,Elaenia strepera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,strepera,,,,,"Cabanis, 1883", 22699283,Elaenia gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,gigas,,,,,"Sclater, 1871", 22699289,Elaenia cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,cristata,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 103681244,Elaenia chiriquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,chiriquensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1865","Elaenia chiriquensis and E. brachyptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. chriquensis following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681177,Elaenia obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,obscura,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","Elaenia obscura and E. sordida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. obscura following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699304,Elaenia dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,dayi,,,,,"Chapman, 1929", 103681452,Elaenia fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,fallax,,,,,"Sclater, 1861","Elaenia fallax and E. cherriei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. fallax following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699313,Mecocerculus leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mecocerculus,leucophrys,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699316,Mecocerculus poecilocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mecocerculus,poecilocercus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1873", 22699319,Mecocerculus hellmayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mecocerculus,hellmayri,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1907", 22699322,Mecocerculus calopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mecocerculus,calopterus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22699325,Mecocerculus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mecocerculus,minor,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1879)", 22699328,Mecocerculus stictopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mecocerculus,stictopterus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22699334,Serpophaga nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Serpophaga,nigricans,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 103681997,Serpophaga subcristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Serpophaga,subcristata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","Serpophaga subcristata and S. munda (SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) have been lumped and split into S. subcristata and S. griseicapilla following del Hoyo and Collar 2016." 22699346,Inezia tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Inezia,tenuirostris,,,,,"Cory, 1913", 22699350,Inezia inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Inezia,inornata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1897)", 22699365,Stigmatura budytoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Stigmatura,budytoides,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699369,Uromyias agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Uromyias,agilis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)",Uromyias agilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Anairetes agilis. 22699376,Uromyias agraphia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Uromyias,agraphia,,,,,"(Chapman, 1919)",Uromyias agraphia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Anairetes agraphia. 22699383,Anairetes alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Anairetes,alpinus,,,,,"(Carriker, 1933)", 22699387,Anairetes nigrocristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Anairetes,nigrocristatus,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1884", 22699393,Anairetes reguloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Anairetes,reguloides,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699397,Anairetes flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Anairetes,flavirostris,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1876", 22699401,Anairetes fernandezianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Anairetes,fernandezianus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1857)", 22699406,Anairetes parulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Anairetes,parulus,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)", 22699410,Tachuris rubrigastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tachuris,rubrigastra,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22699423,Polystictus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Polystictus,superciliaris,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22699427,Pseudocolopteryx sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudocolopteryx,sclateri,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1892)", 22699430,Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudocolopteryx,acutipennis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)", 103681055,Euscarthmus meloryphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Euscarthmus,meloryphus,,,,,"Wied, 1831","Euscarthmus meloryphus and E. fulviceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. meloryphus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699458,Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pogonotriccus,ophthalmicus,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)",Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylloscartes ophthalmicus. 22699469,Pogonotriccus lanyoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pogonotriccus,lanyoni,,,,,"(Graves, 1988)",Pogonotriccus lanyoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylloscartes lanyoni. 22699477,Pogonotriccus poecilotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pogonotriccus,poecilotis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1862)",Pogonotriccus poecilotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylloscartes poecilotis. 22699481,Phylloscartes nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1884)", 22699484,Pogonotriccus chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pogonotriccus,chapmani,,,,,"Gilliard, 1940",Pogonotriccus chapmani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylloscartes chapmani. 22699488,Phylloscartes gualaquizae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,gualaquizae,,,,,"(Sclater, 1887)", 22699491,Phylloscartes flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,flaviventris,,,,,"(Hartert, 1897)", 22699494,Phylloscartes roquettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,roquettei,,,,,"Snethlage, 1928", 22699497,Phylloscartes paulista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,paulista,,,,,"Ihering & Ihering, 1907", 22699509,Phylloscartes oustaleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,oustaleti,,,,,"(Sclater, 1887)", 22699527,Phylloscartes virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,virescens,,,,,"Todd, 1925", 22699534,Myiornis albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiornis,albiventris,,,,,"(Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894)", 22699539,Myiornis auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiornis,auricularis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22699549,Myiornis ecaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiornis,ecaudatus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699559,Lophotriccus vitiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lophotriccus,vitiosus,,,,,"(Bangs & Penard, 1921)", 22699564,Lophotriccus eulophotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lophotriccus,eulophotes,,,,,"Todd, 1925", 22699590,Cnipodectes subbrunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Cnipodectes,subbrunneus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22699594,Rhynchocyclus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhynchocyclus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1847)", 22699602,Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhynchocyclus,fulvipectus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 103680514,Tolmomyias assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tolmomyias,assimilis,,,,,"(von Pelzeln, 1868)","Tolmomyias assimilis and T. flavotectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. assimilis (see AOU [1998 & supplements], SACC [2005 & updates], Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993] and Stotz et al. [1996])." 22699615,Tolmomyias poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tolmomyias,poliocephalus,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1884)", 103680560,Tolmomyias flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tolmomyias,flaviventris,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)","Tolmomyias flaviventris and T. viridiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. falviventris (see SACC [2005 & updates], Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993] and Stotz et al. [1996])." 22699626,Platyrinchus saturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,saturatus,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1882", 22699635,Platyrinchus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,coronatus,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22699641,Platyrinchus platyrhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,platyrhynchos,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22699653,Onychorhynchus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Onychorhynchus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 103680660,Myiotriccus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiotriccus,ornatus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1853)","Myiotriccus ornatus and M. phoenicurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. ornatus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699668,Myiophobus flavicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,flavicans,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22699674,Myiophobus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,inornatus,,,,,"Carriker, 1932", 22699677,Myiophobus roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,roraimae,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1883)", 22699680,Nephelomyias pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Nephelomyias,pulcher,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22699688,Nephelomyias lintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Nephelomyias,lintoni,,,,,"(Meyer de Schauensee, 1951)", 22699696,Nephelomyias ochraceiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Nephelomyias,ochraceiventris,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 103682408,Myiophobus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Myiophobus fasciatus, M. crypterythrus and M. rufescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. fasciatus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699708,Myiophobus cryptoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,cryptoxanthus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22699711,Terenotriccus erythrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Terenotriccus,erythrurus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1847)", 22699717,Myiobius villosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Myiobius,villosus,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22699730,Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pyrrhomyias,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699751,Lathrotriccus euleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lathrotriccus,euleri,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1868)", 22699757,Lathrotriccus griseipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lathrotriccus,griseipectus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1870)", 22699770,Aphanotriccus audax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Aphanotriccus,audax,,,,,"(Nelson, 1912)", 22699783,Mitrephanes olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mitrephanes,olivaceus,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894", 22699798,Contopus pertinax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,pertinax,,,,,"Cabanis & Heine, 1859", 22699804,Contopus fumigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,fumigatus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699808,Contopus ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,ochraceus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1869", 103683886,Contopus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,cinereus,,,,,"(von Spix, 1825)","Contopus cinereus , C. punensis and C. bogotensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinereus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699827,Contopus albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,albogularis,,,,,"(Berlioz, 1962)", 22699830,Contopus caribaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,caribaeus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839)", 22699868,Empidonax affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,affinis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22699883,Empidonax atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,atriceps,,,,,"Salvin, 1870", 22699898,Silvicultrix frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Silvicultrix,frontalis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1847)",Silvicultrix frontalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ochthoeca frontalis. 22699905,Silvicultrix jelskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Silvicultrix,jelskii,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1883)",Silvicultrix jelskii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ochthoeca jelskii. 22699912,Silvicultrix diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Silvicultrix,diadema,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1843)",Silvicultrix diadema (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ochthoeca diadema. 22699919,Silvicultrix pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Silvicultrix,pulchella,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)",Silvicultrix pulchella (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ochthoeca pulchella. 103682781,Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,cinnamomeiventris,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)","Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris, O. nigrita and O. thoracica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. cinnamomeiventris following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699930,Ochthoeca rufipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,rufipectoralis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699938,Ochthoeca oenanthoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,oenanthoides,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699943,Ochthoeca leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,leucophrys,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22699963,Colorhamphus parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Colorhamphus,parvirostris,,,,,"(Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839)", 22699970,Ochthornis littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthornis,littoralis,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22699987,Myiotheretes striaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiotheretes,striaticollis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1853)", 22699997,Myiotheretes fumigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiotheretes,fumigatus,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22700002,Myiotheretes fuscorufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiotheretes,fuscorufus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)", 22700007,Xolmis pyrope,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,pyrope,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)", 22700010,Xolmis cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,cinereus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22700019,Xolmis coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,coronatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22700027,Xolmis velatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,velatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22700035,Xolmis irupero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,irupero,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22700038,Xolmis rubetra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,rubetra,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1860)", 22700045,Xolmis salinarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,salinarum,,,,,"Nores & Yzurieta, 1979", 22700069,Neoxolmis rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Neoxolmis,rufiventris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22700072,Agriornis montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Agriornis,montanus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22700095,Agriornis lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Agriornis,lividus,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1835)", 22700132,Muscisaxicola maculirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,maculirostris,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22700137,Muscisaxicola fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,fluviatilis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1866", 22700142,Muscisaxicola maclovianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,maclovianus,,,,,"(Garnot, 1829)", 103683296,Muscisaxicola rufivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,rufivertex,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837","Muscisaxicola rufivertex and M. occipitalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. rufivertex following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22700168,Muscisaxicola juninensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,juninensis,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1884", 22700173,Muscisaxicola albilora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,albilora,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1855", 22700183,Muscisaxicola cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,cinereus,,,,,"Philippi & Landbeck, 1864", 22700193,Muscisaxicola albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,albifrons,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22700198,Muscisaxicola flavinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,flavinucha,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1855", 22700208,Muscigralla brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscigralla,brevicauda,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22700213,Lessonia oreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lessonia,oreas,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)", 22700216,Lessonia rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lessonia,rufa,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22700220,Knipolegus striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,striaticeps,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22700223,Knipolegus hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,hudsoni,,,,,"Sclater, 1872", 22700228,Knipolegus poecilocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,poecilocercus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 103683026,Knipolegus signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,signatus,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)","Knipolegus signatus and K. cabanisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as K. signatus (see SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996])." 22700261,Knipolegus lophotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,lophotes,,,,,"Boie, 1828", 22700266,Hymenops perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hymenops,perspicillatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22700279,Fluvicola albiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Fluvicola,albiventer,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22700291,Arundinicola leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Arundinicola,leucocephala,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1764", 22700303,Alectrurus risora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Alectrurus,risora,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1824)", 22700312,Gubernetes yetapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Gubernetes,yetapa,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22700315,Satrapa icterophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Satrapa,icterophrys,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22700329,Muscipipra vetula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscipipra,vetula,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22700337,Attila cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Attila,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22700340,Attila torridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Attila,torridus,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22700346,Attila bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Attila,bolivianus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1848", 22700357,Casiornis rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Casiornis,rufus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22700365,Casiornis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Casiornis,fuscus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1873", 22700373,Rhytipterna holerythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhytipterna,holerythra,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)", 22700376,Rhytipterna simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhytipterna,simplex,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22700380,Rhytipterna immunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhytipterna,immunda,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)", 22700383,Laniocera rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Laniocera,rufescens,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 103682292,Sirystes sibilator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sirystes,sibilator,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Sirystes sibilator, S. albogriseus, S. albocinereus and S. subcansecens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. sibilator following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22700396,Myiarchus yucatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,yucatanensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1871", 22700399,Myiarchus tuberculifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,tuberculifer,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22700402,Myiarchus barbirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,barbirostris,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22700405,Myiarchus swainsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,swainsoni,,,,,"Cabanis & Heine, 1859", 22700408,Myiarchus venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,venezuelensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1865", 22700418,Myiarchus cephalotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,cephalotes,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1879", 22700421,Myiarchus phaeocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,phaeocephalus,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22700424,Myiarchus apicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,apicalis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1881", 22700436,Myiarchus tyrannulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,tyrannulus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22700439,Myiarchus nugator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,nugator,,,,,"Riley, 1904", 22700442,Myiarchus magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,magnirostris,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22700446,Myiarchus validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,validus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1847", 22700449,Myiarchus sagrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,sagrae,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1852)", 22700455,Myiarchus antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,antillarum,,,,,"(Bryant, 1866)", 22700458,Myiarchus oberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,oberi,,,,,"Lawrence, 1877", 22700464,Ramphotrigon megacephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ramphotrigon,megacephalum,,,,,"(Swainson, 1835)", 22700473,Ramphotrigon fuscicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ramphotrigon,fuscicauda,,,,,"Chapman, 1925", 22700479,Tyrannus niveigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,niveigularis,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22700482,Tyrannus albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,albogularis,,,,,"Burmeister, 1856", 22700485,Tyrannus melancholicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,melancholicus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22700488,Tyrannus couchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,couchii,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 22700503,Tyrannus savana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,savana,,,,,"Vieillot, 1808", 22700513,Tyrannus caudifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,caudifasciatus,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1839", 22700523,Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Griseotyrannus,aurantioatrocristatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)",Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus. 103682222,Myiodynastes maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiodynastes,maculatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Myiodynastes maculatus and M. solitarius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. maculatus (see AOU [1998 & supplements]; SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996])." 22700586,Myiozetetes similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiozetetes,similis,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22700609,Phelpsia inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phelpsia,inornata,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1869)",Phelpsia inornata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as P. inornatus. 22700632,Xenopsaris albinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Xenopsaris,albinucha,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1869)", 103677078,Pachyramphus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,viridis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)","Pachyramphus viridis , P. xanthogenys and P. griseigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. viridis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22700644,Pachyramphus castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,castaneus,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1827)", 22700658,Pachyramphus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,marginatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22700661,Pachyramphus surinamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,surinamus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22700670,Pachyramphus aglaiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,aglaiae,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1839)", 22700677,Pachyramphus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,minor,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22700680,Pachyramphus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,niger,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 103676987,Tityra cayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Tityra,cayana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Tityra cayana and T. braziliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cayana following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22700695,Phoenicircus nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Phoenicircus,nigricollis,,,,,"Swainson, 1832", 22700700,Phoenicircus carnifex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Phoenicircus,carnifex,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22700721,Lipaugus conditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,conditus,,,,,"(Snow, 1980)",Lipaugus conditus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Tijuca condita. 22700725,Carpornis cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Carpornis,cucullata,,,,,"(Swainson, 1821)", 22700747,Doliornis remseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Doliornis,remseni,,,,,"Robbins, Rosenberg & Molina, 1994", 22700753,Ampelion rubrocristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Ampelion,rubrocristatus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22700761,Ampelion rufaxilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Ampelion,rufaxilla,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22700767,Phytotoma rutila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Phytotoma,rutila,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22700770,Phytotoma rara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Phytotoma,rara,,,,,"Molina, 1782", 22700773,Zaratornis stresemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Zaratornis,stresemanni,,,,,"Koepcke, 1964", 22700782,Pipreola riefferii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,riefferii,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22700785,Pipreola intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,intermedia,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1884", 22700788,Pipreola arcuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,arcuata,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22700800,Pipreola pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,pulchra,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1917)", 103676613,Pipreola frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,frontalis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)","Pipreola frontalis and P. squamipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. frontalis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22700809,Pipreola formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,formosa,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1849)", 22700812,Pipreola whitelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,whitelyi,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1884", 22700818,Iodopleura pipra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Iodopleura,pipra,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22700824,Iodopleura fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Iodopleura,fusca,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22700838,Snowornis cryptolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Snowornis,cryptolophus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)", 22700856,Lipaugus vociferans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,vociferans,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22700862,Lipaugus lanioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,lanioides,,,,,"(Lesson, 1844)", 22700865,Lipaugus streptophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,streptophorus,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1884)", 22700868,Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Porphyrolaema,porphyrolaema,,,,,"(Deville & Sclater, 1852)", 22700880,Cotinga maynana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cotinga,maynana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22700913,Conioptilon mcilhennyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Conioptilon,mcilhennyi,,,,,"Lowery & O'Neill, 1966", 22700916,Gymnoderus foetidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Gymnoderus,foetidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22700928,Pyroderus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pyroderus,scutatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)", 22700936,Cephalopterus penduliger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cephalopterus,penduliger,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22700940,Cephalopterus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cephalopterus,ornatus,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809", 22700943,Perissocephalus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Perissocephalus,tricolor,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22700957,Procnias albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Procnias,albus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22700965,Procnias averano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Procnias,averano,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22700971,Rupicola rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Rupicola,rupicola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22700982,Oxyruncus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Oxyruncus,cristatus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1821)", 22700988,Pipra fasciicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Pipra,fasciicauda,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1906", 22700994,Ceratopipra mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Ceratopipra,mentalis,,,,,"Sclater, 1857",Ceratopipra mentalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pipra mentalis. 22700997,Ceratopipra erythrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Ceratopipra,erythrocephala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Ceratopipra erythrocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pipra erythrocephala. 22701000,Ceratopipra rubrocapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Ceratopipra,rubrocapilla,,,,,"Temminck, 1821",Ceratopipra rubrocapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pipra rubrocapilla. 22701009,Pseudopipra pipra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Pseudopipra,pipra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Pseudopipra pipra (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pipra pipra. 22701012,Lepidothrix coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,coronata,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 22701027,Lepidothrix serena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,serena,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22701071,Chiroxiphia linearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Chiroxiphia,linearis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)", 22701083,Chiroxiphia caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Chiroxiphia,caudata,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1793)", 22701087,Masius chrysopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Masius,chrysopterus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22701090,Ilicura militaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Ilicura,militaris,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1808)", 22701112,Manacus manacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Manacus,manacus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22701128,Chloropipo unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Chloropipo,unicolor,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1884",Chloropipo unicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Xenopipo unicolor. 22701134,Xenopipo uniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Xenopipo,uniformis,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1884", 22701147,Chloropipo flavicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Chloropipo,flavicapilla,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1852)",Chloropipo flavicapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Xenopipo flavicapilla. 22701161,Heterocercus flavivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Heterocercus,flavivertex,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22701173,Neopelma chrysocephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Neopelma,chrysocephalum,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22701178,Neopelma sulphureiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Neopelma,sulphureiventer,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1903)", 22701195,Tyranneutes stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Tyranneutes,stolzmanni,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1906)", 22701200,Tyranneutes virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Tyranneutes,virescens,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22701226,Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cymbilaimus,sanctaemariae,,,,,"Gyldenstolpe, 1941", 22701235,Mackenziaena severa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Mackenziaena,severa,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22701238,Mackenziaena leachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Mackenziaena,leachii,,,,,"(Such, 1825)", 22701241,Frederickena viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Frederickena,viridis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 103657712,Sakesphorus canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sakesphorus,canadensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Sakesphorus canadensis and S. pulchellus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. canadensis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)

 

" 22701257,Sakesphorus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sakesphorus,cristatus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 103658059,Thamnophilus bernardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,bernardi,,,,,"(Lesson, 1844)","

Thamnophilus bernardi and T. shumbae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Sakesphorus bernardi following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701263,Thamnophilus melanonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,melanonotus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)",

Thamnophilus melanonotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sakesphorus melanonotus.

 

22701266,Thamnophilus melanothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,melanothorax,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)",

Thamnophilus melanothorax (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sakesphorus melanothorax.

 

22701269,Sakesphorus luctuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sakesphorus,luctuosus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22701280,Thamnophilus zarumae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,zarumae,,,,,"Chapman, 1921", 22701285,Thamnophilus multistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,multistriatus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1844", 22701293,Thamnophilus bridgesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,bridgesi,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22701302,Thamnophilus nigrocinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,nigrocinereus,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22701306,Thamnophilus cryptoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,cryptoleucus,,,,,"(Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906)", 22701309,Thamnophilus aethiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,aethiops,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22701312,Thamnophilus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,unicolor,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22701315,Thamnophilus schistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,schistaceus,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1835", 22701318,Thamnophilus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,murinus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1867", 22701322,Thamnophilus aroyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,aroyae,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1904)", 22701325,Thamnophilus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,punctatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1809)", 22701332,Thamnophilus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,insignis,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1884", 22701335,Thamnophilus amazonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,amazonicus,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22701338,Thamnophilus caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,caerulescens,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22701343,Thamnophilus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,torquatus,,,,,"Swainson, 1825", 103657721,Thamnophilus ruficapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,ruficapillus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816","

Thamnophilus ruficapillus and T. subfasciatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ruficapillus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701349,Pygiptila stellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Pygiptila,stellaris,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22701352,Megastictus margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Megastictus,margaritatus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)", 22701355,Neoctantes niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Neoctantes,niger,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1859)", 22701375,Dysithamnus stictothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,stictothorax,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22701381,Dysithamnus striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,striaticeps,,,,,"Lawrence, 1865", 22701415,Thamnomanes ardesiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnomanes,ardesiacus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)", 22701420,Thamnomanes caesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnomanes,caesius,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22701423,Thamnomanes schistogynus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnomanes,schistogynus,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1911", 22701436,Myrmotherula sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,sclateri,,,,,"Snethlage, 1912", 22701442,Myrmotherula ambigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,ambigua,,,,,"Zimmer, 1932", 22701445,Myrmotherula surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,surinamensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22701451,Myrmotherula cherriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,cherriei,,,,,"Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902", 22701454,Myrmotherula longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,longicauda,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894", 22701457,Isleria hauxwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Isleria,hauxwelli,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)",

Isleria hauxwelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmotherula hauxwelli.

 

22701460,Isleria guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Isleria,guttata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1825)",

Isleria guttata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmotherula guttata.

 

22701463,Rhopias gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Rhopias,gularis,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)",

Rhopias gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmotherula gularis.

 

22701466,Epinecrophylla gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,gutturalis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1881)",

Epinecrophylla gutturalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmotherula gutturalis.

 

103657355,Epinecrophylla haematonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,haematonota,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)","

Epinecrophylla haematonota and E. fjeldsaai (SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) have been lumped and subsequently split into E. haematonota and E. amazonica following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

 

" 103657276,Epinecrophylla ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,ornata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1853)","

Epinecrophylla ornata and E. hoffmannsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previsouly lumped as E. ornata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701494,Epinecrophylla erythrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,erythrura,,,,,"Sclater, 1890", 103657467,Myrmotherula axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,axillaris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Myrmotherula axillaris (AOU [1998 & supplements]; SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) and M. fluminensis (SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) have been lumped and subsequently split into M. axillaris and M. luctuosa following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

 

" 22701505,Myrmotherula schisticolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,schisticolor,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1865)", 22701511,Myrmotherula longipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,longipennis,,,,,"Pelzeln,1868", 22701514,Myrmotherula minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,minor,,,,,"Salvadori, 1864", 22701517,Myrmotherula iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,iheringi,,,,,"Snethlage, 1914", 22701520,Myrmotherula grisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,grisea,,,,,"Carriker, 1935", 22701524,Myrmotherula unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,unicolor,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1835)", 22701530,Myrmotherula behni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,behni,,,,,"Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890", 22701533,Myrmotherula urosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,urosticta,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22701543,Dichrozona cincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dichrozona,cincta,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22701546,Myrmorchilus strigilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmorchilus,strigilatus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22701552,Herpsilochmus motacilloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,motacilloides,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1874", 22701558,Herpsilochmus sellowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,sellowi,,,,,"Whitney, Pacheco, Buzzetti & Parrini, 2000", 22701568,Herpsilochmus stictocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,stictocephalus,,,,,"Todd, 1927", 22701571,Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,dorsimaculatus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22701574,Herpsilochmus roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,roraimae,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1903", 22701583,Herpsilochmus axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,axillaris,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22701589,Microrhopias quixensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Microrhopias,quixensis,,,,,"(Cornalia, 1849)", 22701592,Formicivora iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,iheringi,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1909", 103657300,Formicivora grisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,grisea,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Formicivora grisea and F. intermedia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. grisea following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701599,Formicivora melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,melanogaster,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 103657373,Formicivora serrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,serrana,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1929)","

Formicivora serrana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previosuly split into F. serrana (SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996] and F. littorialis (SACC [2005 & updates]; Stotz et al. [1996]).

 

" 22701614,Drymophila ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,ferruginea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22701617,Drymophila rubricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,rubricollis,,,,,"(Bertoni, 1901)", 103658659,Drymophila caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,caudata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)","

Drymophila caudata, D. klagesi, D. hellmayri and D. striaticeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. caudata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701637,Drymophila malura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,malura,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22701650,Euchrepomis callinota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Euchrepomis,callinota,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)",

Euchrepomis callinota (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Terenura callinota.

 

22701653,Euchrepomis humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Euchrepomis,humeralis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)",

Euchrepomis humeralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Terenura humeralis.

 

22701656,Euchrepomis sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Euchrepomis,sharpei,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)",

Euchrepomis sharpei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Terenura sharpei.

 

22701659,Euchrepomis spodioptila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Euchrepomis,spodioptila,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1881)",

Euchrepomis spodioptila (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Terenura spodioptila.

 

22701700,Pyriglena leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Pyriglena,leucoptera,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22701703,Pyriglena atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Pyriglena,atra,,,,,"(Swainson, 1825)", 22701706,Rhopornis ardesiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Rhopornis,ardesiacus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22701717,Myrmoborus leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoborus,leucophrys,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22701720,Myrmoborus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoborus,lugubris,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1847)", 22701723,Myrmoborus myotherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoborus,myotherinus,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22701726,Myrmoborus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoborus,melanurus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1866)", 22701740,Hypocnemoides maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemoides,maculicauda,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22701743,Myrmochanes hemileucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmochanes,hemileucus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1866)", 22701746,Gymnocichla nudiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Gymnocichla,nudiceps,,,,,"(Cassin, 1850)", 22701752,Percnostola rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Percnostola,rufifrons,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22701755,Myrmelastes schistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,schistaceus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)",

Myrmelastes schistaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Schistocichla schistacea.

 

22701770,Myrmelastes caurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,caurensis,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1906)",

Myrmelastes caurensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Schistocichla caurensis.

 

103659811,Poliocrania exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Poliocrania,exsul,,,,,"Sclater, 1859","

Poliocrania exsul and P. maculifer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Myrmeciza exsul following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701792,Myrmoderus ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoderus,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Statius Muller, 1776)",

Myrmoderus ferrugineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza ferruginea.

 

22701798,Myrmoderus loricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoderus,loricatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)",

Myrmoderus loricatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza loricata.

 

22701813,Sipia nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sipia,nigricauda,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1892)",

Sipia nigricauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza nigricauda.

 

22701820,Aprositornis disjuncta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Aprositornis,disjuncta,,,,,"(Friedmann, 1945)",

Aprositornis disjuncta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza disjuncta.

 

22701823,Ammonastes pelzelni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Ammonastes,pelzelni,,,,,"(Sclater, 1890)",

Ammonastes pelzelni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza pelzelni.

 

22701832,Myrmelastes hyperythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,hyperythrus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)",

Myrmelastes hyperythrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza hyperythra.

 

22701838,Akletos goeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Akletos,goeldii,,,,,"(Snethlage, 1908)",

Akletos goeldii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza goeldii.

 

103660125,Hafferia immaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hafferia,immaculata,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)","

Hafferia immaculata and H. zeledoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. immaculata following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701847,Ampelornis griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Ampelornis,griseiceps,,,,,"(Chapman, 1923)",

Ampelornis griseiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza griseiceps.

 

22701856,Pithys albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Pithys,albifrons,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22701869,Gymnopithys rufigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Gymnopithys,rufigula,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22730404,Gymnopithys leucaspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Gymnopithys,leucaspis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)","

Gymnopithys leucaspis and G. bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as G. leucaspis following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701879,Oneillornis lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Oneillornis,lunulatus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)",

Oneillornis lunulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Gymnopithys lunulatus.

 

103660209,Myrmornis torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmornis,torquata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Myrmornis torquata and M. stictoptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. torquata following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sible & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701895,Rhegmatorhina melanosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Rhegmatorhina,melanosticta,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)", 22701898,Rhegmatorhina cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Rhegmatorhina,cristata,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22701904,Rhegmatorhina berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Rhegmatorhina,berlepschi,,,,,"(Snethlage, 1907)", 22701907,Rhegmatorhina gymnops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Rhegmatorhina,gymnops,,,,,"Ridgway, 1888", 22701911,Hylophylax naevioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hylophylax,naevioides,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1847)", 22701914,Hylophylax naevius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hylophylax,naevius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22701945,Phlegopsis nigromaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Phlegopsis,nigromaculata,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22701960,Phlegopsis borbae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Phlegopsis,borbae,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1907", 22701971,Phaenostictus mcleannani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Phaenostictus,mcleannani,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1860)", 22701981,Geositta cunicularia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,cunicularia,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22701984,Geositta maritima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,maritima,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22701988,Geositta peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,peruviana,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1847", 22701991,Geositta punensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,punensis,,,,,"Dabbene, 1917", 22701994,Geositta saxicolina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,saxicolina,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1875", 22702000,Geositta antarctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,antarctica,,,,,"Landbeck, 1880", 22702003,Geositta rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,rufipennis,,,,,"(Bumeister, 1860)", 22702006,Geositta crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,crassirostris,,,,,"Sclater, 1866", 22702009,Geositta tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,tenuirostris,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1836)", 22702012,Tarphonomus harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Tarphonomus,harterti,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1892)", 22702023,Tarphonomus certhioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Tarphonomus,certhioides,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22702034,Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Ochetorhynchus,ruficaudus,,,,,"Meyen, 1834", 22702046,Ochetorhynchus andaecola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Ochetorhynchus,andaecola,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22702068,Upucerthia albigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Upucerthia,albigula,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1932", 22702082,Cinclodes comechingonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,comechingonus,,,,,"Zotta & Gavio, 1944", 22702085,Cinclodes pabsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,pabsti,,,,,"Sick, 1969", 22702088,Cinclodes oustaleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,oustaleti,,,,,"Scott, 1900", 22702092,Cinclodes olrogi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,olrogi,,,,,"Nores & Yzurieta, 1979", 22702095,Cinclodes excelsior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,excelsior,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22702100,Cinclodes patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,patagonicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22702103,Cinclodes taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,taczanowskii,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1892", 22702107,Cinclodes nigrofumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,nigrofumosus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 103670928,Cinclodes antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,antarcticus,,,,,"(Garnot, 1826)","

Cinclodes antarcticus and C. maculirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. antarcticus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) andStotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22702114,Cinclodes atacamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,atacamensis,,,,,"(Philippi, 1857)", 22702120,Ochetorhynchus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Ochetorhynchus,melanurus,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)",

Ochetorhynchus melanurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as O. melanura.

 

22702128,Furnarius minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,minor,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1858", 22702140,Furnarius torridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,torridus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1866", 22702144,Furnarius rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,rufus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22702147,Furnarius cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,cristatus,,,,,"Burmeister, 1888", 22702163,Leptasthenura fuliginiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,fuliginiceps,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22702167,Leptasthenura platensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,platensis,,,,,"Reichenbach, 1853", 103672675,Leptasthenura aegithaloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,aegithaloides,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)","Leptasthenura aegithaloides, L. berlepschi and L. pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. aegithaloides following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702175,Leptasthenura striolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,striolata,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1856)", 22702179,Leptasthenura pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,pileata,,,,,"Sclater, 1881", 22702183,Leptasthenura xenothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,xenothorax,,,,,"Chapman, 1921", 22702187,Leptasthenura striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,striata,,,,,"(Philippi & Landbeck, 1863)", 22702196,Leptasthenura setaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,setaria,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22702209,Asthenes coryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,coryi,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1888)", 22702225,Asthenes griseomurina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,griseomurina,,,,,"(Sclater, 1882)", 22702234,Asthenes palpebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,palpebralis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 103673977,Asthenes vilcabambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,vilcabambae,,,,,"(Vaurie, Weske & Terborgh, 1972)","Asthenes vilcabambae and A. ayacuchensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. vilcabambae following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702258,Asthenes harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,harterti,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)", 22702266,Asthenes moreirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,moreirae,,,,,"(Ribeiro, 1906)", 22702276,Schoeniophylax phryganophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Schoeniophylax,phryganophilus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22702284,Synallaxis ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,ruficapilla,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22702290,Synallaxis azarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,azarae,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1835", 22702295,Synallaxis courseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,courseni,,,,,"Blake, 1971", 22702304,Synallaxis spixi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,spixi,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22702311,Synallaxis albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,albigularis,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22702314,Synallaxis hypospodia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,hypospodia,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22702317,Synallaxis infuscata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,infuscata,,,,,"Pinto, 1950", 22702324,Synallaxis macconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,macconnelli,,,,,"Chubb, 1919", 22702331,Synallaxis subpudica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,subpudica,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22702337,Synallaxis cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,cinerascens,,,,,"Temminck, 1823", 22702341,Mazaria propinqua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Mazaria,propinqua,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1859",Mazaria propinqua (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Synallaxis propinqua. 22702354,Synallaxis gujanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,gujanensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 103675238,Synallaxis albilora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,albilora,,,,,"von Pelzeln, 1856","Synallaxis albilora and S. simoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. albilora following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702366,Synallaxis unirufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,unirufa,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843", 103675609,Synallaxis stictothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,stictothorax,,,,,"Sclater, 1859","Synallaxis stictothorax and S. chinchipensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. stictothorax following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702387,Synallaxis candei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,candei,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838", 22702417,Cranioleuca pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,pallida,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22702429,Cranioleuca subcristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,subcristata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22702432,Cranioleuca pyrrhophia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,pyrrhophia,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22702435,Cranioleuca obsoleta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,obsoleta,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1853)", 22702441,Cranioleuca albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,albiceps,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22702444,Cranioleuca semicinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,semicinerea,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1853)", 22702448,Cranioleuca albicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,albicapilla,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 22702464,Thripophaga gutturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripophaga,gutturata,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)",Thripophaga gutturata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cranioleuca gutturata. 22702467,Cranioleuca sulphurifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,sulphurifera,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1869)", 22702471,Certhiaxis cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Certhiaxis,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22702479,Certhiaxis mustelinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Certhiaxis,mustelinus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22702491,Asthenes baeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,baeri,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1906)", 22702497,Asthenes ottonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,ottonis,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)", 22702503,Pseudasthenes cactorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudasthenes,cactorum,,,,,"(Koepcke, 1959)", 22702511,Asthenes modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,modesta,,,,,"(Eyton, 1851)", 22702530,Pseudasthenes steinbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudasthenes,steinbachi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1909)", 22702539,Pseudasthenes humicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudasthenes,humicola,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)", 22702547,Pseudasthenes patagonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudasthenes,patagonica,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1839)", 22702555,Asthenes humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,humilis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 22702566,Asthenes anthoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,anthoides,,,,,"(King, 1831)", 22702572,Asthenes flammulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,flammulata,,,,,"(Jardine, 1850)", 22702588,Thripophaga macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripophaga,macroura,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 103672742,Phacellodomus rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,rufifrons,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)","Phacellodomus rufifrons and P. inornatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. rufifrons following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702613,Phacellodomus striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,striaticeps,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22702616,Phacellodomus striaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,striaticollis,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22702632,Phacellodomus ferrugineigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,ferrugineigula,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1858)", 22702639,Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Clibanornis,dendrocolaptoides,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1859)", 22702642,Spartonoica maluroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Spartonoica,maluroides,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22702646,Phleocryptes melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phleocryptes,melanops,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22702649,Limnornis curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Limnornis,curvirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1839", 22702661,Anumbius annumbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anumbius,annumbi,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22702664,Coryphistera alaudina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Coryphistera,alaudina,,,,,"Burmeister, 1860", 22702667,Ochetorhynchus phoenicurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Ochetorhynchus,phoenicurus,,,,,"(Gould, 1839)", 22702676,Siptornis striaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Siptornis,striaticollis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22702691,Xenerpestes singularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xenerpestes,singularis,,,,,"(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)", 22702695,Roraimia adusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Roraimia,adusta,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1884)", 22702698,Premnornis guttuliger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Premnornis,guttuliger,,,,,"(Sclater, 1864)", 103672434,Premnoplex tatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Premnoplex,tatei,,,,,"Chapman, 1925","Premnoplex tatei and P. pariae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. tatei following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702722,Margarornis stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Margarornis,stellatus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1873", 22702729,Margarornis squamiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Margarornis,squamiger,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22702743,Pseudoseisura gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudoseisura,gutturalis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22702751,Pseudocolaptes boissonneauii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudocolaptes,boissonneauii,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)",

Pseudocolaptes boissonneauii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as P. boissonneautii.

 

22702754,Berlepschia rikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Berlepschia,rikeri,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1886)", 103670955,Cichlocolaptes leucophrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cichlocolaptes,leucophrus,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","

Cichlocolaptes leucophrus and C. holti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. leucophrus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22702767,Syndactyla guttulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,guttulata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22702774,Syndactyla rufosuperciliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,rufosuperciliata,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1832)", 22702777,Syndactyla ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,ruficollis,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1884)", 22702789,Anabacerthia striaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anabacerthia,striaticollis,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1840", 22702835,Philydor erythropterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Philydor,erythropterum,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)", 22702843,Anabacerthia amaurotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anabacerthia,amaurotis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22702855,Anabacerthia lichtensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anabacerthia,lichtensteini,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1859)",Anabacerthia lichtensteini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Philydor lichtensteini. 22702866,Philydor atricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Philydor,atricapillus,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 22702872,Syndactyla ucayalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,ucayalae,,,,,"(Chapman, 1928)",Syndactyla ucayalae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Simoxenops ucayalae. 22702878,Syndactyla striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,striata,,,,,"(Carriker, 1935)",Syndactyla striata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Simoxenops striatus. 22702881,Anabazenops fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anabazenops,fuscus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22702887,Thripadectes ignobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripadectes,ignobilis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)", 22702893,Thripadectes virgaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripadectes,virgaticeps,,,,,"Lawrence, 1874", 22702896,Thripadectes melanorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripadectes,melanorhynchus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22702899,Thripadectes holostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripadectes,holostictus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)", 22702902,Thripadectes flammulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripadectes,flammulatus,,,,,"(Eyton, 1849)", 22702905,Thripadectes scrutator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripadectes,scrutator,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1874", 22733651,Automolus infuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,infuscatus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)","Automolus infuscatus and A. paraensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. infuscatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702965,Sclerurus rufigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sclerurus,rufigularis,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22702968,Sclerurus albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sclerurus,albigularis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1869", 103661252,Sclerurus scansor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sclerurus,scansor,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1835)","

Sclerurus scansor and S. cearensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. scansor following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22702984,Microxenops milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Microxenops,milleri,,,,,"(Chapman, 1914)", 22703023,Dendrocincla merula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocincla,merula,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1820)", 22703049,Nasica longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Nasica,longirostris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 103661301,Hylexetastes perrotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Hylexetastes,perrotii,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1844)","

Hylexetastes perrotii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into Hylexetastes perrotii (Ridgely and Tudor [1994]), H. uniformis (Ridgely and Tudor [1994]) and H. brigidai (da Silva et al. [1995]).

 

" 22703071,Xiphocolaptes falcirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphocolaptes,falcirostris,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22703085,Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocolaptes,hoffmannsi,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1909", 103669772,Xiphorhynchus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,fuscus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Xiphorhynchus fuscus and X. atlanticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. fuscus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103670471,Lepidocolaptes albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,albolineatus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1846)","

Lepidocolaptes albolineatus, L. duidae and L. fuscicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. albolineatus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22703188,Campylorhamphus falcularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Campylorhamphus,falcularius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1822)", 103670311,Campylorhamphus procurvoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Campylorhamphus,procurvoides,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1850)","

Campylorhamphus procurvoides, C. probatus and C. multostriatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. procurvoides following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22703197,Formicarius colma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Formicarius,colma,,,,,"Boddaert, 1783", 22703203,Formicarius rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Formicarius,rufifrons,,,,,"Blake, 1957", 22703215,Chamaeza nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Chamaeza,nobilis,,,,,"Gould, 1855", 22703234,Pittasoma rufopileatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Pittasoma,rufopileatum,,,,,"Hartert, 1901", 22703237,Grallaria squamigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,squamigera,,,,,"Prévost & Des Murs, 1842", 22703243,Grallaria excelsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,excelsa,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1893", 22703268,Grallaria kaestneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,kaestneri,,,,,"Stiles, 1992", 22703271,Grallaria bangsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,bangsi,,,,,"Allen, 1900", 22703274,Grallaria ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,ruficapilla,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1842", 22703302,Grallaria albigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,albigula,,,,,"Chapman, 1923", 22703308,Grallaria hypoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,hypoleuca,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22703317,Grallaria erythroleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,erythroleuca,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22703320,Grallaria griseonucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,griseonucha,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1871", 22703330,Grallaria erythrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,erythrotis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1876", 103660417,Grallaria quitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,quitensis,,,,,"Lesson, 1844","

Grallaria quitensis, G. alticola and G. atuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. quitensis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22703336,Grallaria milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,milleri,,,,,"Chapman, 1912", 22703349,Hylopezus ochroleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,ochroleucus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22703352,Hylopezus nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,nattereri,,,,,"(Pinto, 1937)", 22703358,Myrmothera simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Myrmothera,simplex,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1884)", 103660906,Grallaricula ferrugineipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,ferrugineipectus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)","

Grallaricula ferrugineipectus and G. leymebambae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. ferrugineipectus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22703381,Grallaricula peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,peruviana,,,,,"Chapman, 1923", 22734381,Conopophaga lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,lineata,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)","

Conopophaga lineata and C. cearae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. lineata following SACC (2005 & updates) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103660322,Conopophaga aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,aurita,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Conopophaga aurita and C. snethlageae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. aurita following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22703403,Conopophaga roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,roberti,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1905", 22703406,Conopophaga peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,peruviana,,,,,"Des Murs, 1856", 22703412,Conopophaga castaneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,castaneiceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22703431,Pteroptochos megapodius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Pteroptochos,megapodius,,,,,"Kittlitz, 1830", 22703434,Scelorchilus albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scelorchilus,albicollis,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)", 22703440,Rhinocrypta lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Rhinocrypta,lanceolata,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832)", 22703443,Teledromas fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Teledromas,fuscus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)", 22703446,Liosceles thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Liosceles,thoracicus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)", 22703449,Melanopareia torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOPAREIIDAE,Melanopareia,torquata,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22703453,Melanopareia maximiliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOPAREIIDAE,Melanopareia,maximiliani,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1835)", 22703457,Melanopareia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOPAREIIDAE,Melanopareia,elegans,,,,,"(Lesson, 1844)", 22703483,Myornis senilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Myornis,senilis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)", 22703493,Scytalopus macropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,macropus,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896", 22703496,Scytalopus femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,femoralis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22703505,Scytalopus vicinior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,vicinior,,,,,"Zimmer, 1939", 22703510,Scytalopus argentifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,argentifrons,,,,,"Ridgway, 1891", 22703524,Scytalopus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,superciliaris,,,,,"Cabanis, 1883", 22703554,Acropternis orthonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Acropternis,orthonyx,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22703557,Cormobates placens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CLIMACTERIDAE,Cormobates,placens,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22703560,Cormobates leucophaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CLIMACTERIDAE,Cormobates,leucophaea,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22703571,Climacteris affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CLIMACTERIDAE,Climacteris,affinis,,,,,"Blyth, 1864", 22703577,Climacteris picumnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CLIMACTERIDAE,Climacteris,picumnus,,,,,"Temminck & Laugier, 1824", 22703624,Ailuroedus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Ailuroedus,crassirostris,,,,,"(Paykull, 1815)", 22703651,Amblyornis macgregoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Amblyornis,macgregoriae,,,,,"De Vis, 1890", 22703657,Amblyornis flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Amblyornis,flavifrons,,,,,"Rothschild, 1895", 103683932,Sericulus aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Sericulus,aureus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Sericulus aureus and S. ardens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. aureus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22703676,Sericulus chrysocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Sericulus,chrysocephalus,,,,,"(Lewin, 1808)", 22703682,Chlamydera guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Chlamydera,guttata,,,,,"Gould, 1862", 22703688,Chlamydera maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Chlamydera,maculata,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22703700,Chlamydera lauterbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Chlamydera,lauterbachi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1897", 22703703,Chlamydera cerviniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Chlamydera,cerviniventris,,,,,"Gould, 1850", 22703709,Clytomyias insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Clytomyias,insignis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1879", 22703712,Sipodotus wallacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Sipodotus,wallacii,,,,,"Gray, 1862", 22703725,Malurus alboscapulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,alboscapulatus,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 22703728,Malurus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22703732,Malurus leucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,leucopterus,,,,,"Dumont, 1824", 22703736,Malurus cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,cyaneus,,,,,"(Ellis, 1782)", 22703740,Malurus splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,splendens,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22703748,Malurus amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,amabilis,,,,,"Gould, 1852", 22703760,Malurus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,coronatus,,,,,"Gould, 1858", 22703768,Stipiturus ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Stipiturus,ruficeps,,,,,"Campbell, 1899", 22703772,Stipiturus malachurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Stipiturus,malachurus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1798)", 22703780,Amytornis barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,barbatus,,,,,"Favaloro & McEvey, 1968", 22703795,Amytornis goyderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,goyderi,,,,,"(Gould, 1875)", 22703830,Myzomela pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,pulchella,,,,,"Salvadori, 1891", 22703842,Myzomela dammermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,dammermani,,,,,"Siebers, 1928","The proposed species Myzomela irianawidodoae is retained within M. dammermani, as the evidence presented by Verbelen et al. (2017) and Prawiradilaga et al. (2018) does not amount to a convincing case for species level recognition." 22703845,Myzomela erythrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,erythrocephala,,,,,"Gould, 1840", 22703858,Myzomela sanguinolenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,sanguinolenta,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22703865,Myzomela rubratra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,rubratra,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22703874,Myzomela sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,sclateri,,,,,"Forbes, 1879", 22703877,Myzomela pammelaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,pammelaena,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22703884,Myzomela eichhorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,eichhorni,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1901", 22703891,Myzomela malaitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,malaitae,,,,,"Mayr, 1931", 22703898,Myzomela jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,jugularis,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 103687293,Myzomela rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,rosenbergii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871","

Myzomela rosenbergii and M. longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. rosenbergii following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22703913,Cissomela pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Cissomela,pectoralis,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)",Cissomela pectoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Certhionyx pectoralis. 22703919,Sugomel nigrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Sugomel,nigrum,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)",Sugomel nigrum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed Certhionyx niger. 22703925,Certhionyx variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Certhionyx,variegatus,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 22703946,Lichmera argentauris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,argentauris,,,,,"(Finsch, 1870)", 103684809,Lichmera indistincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,indistincta,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Lichmera indistincta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into L. indistincta (Christidis & Boles [2008]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) and L. limbata (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993])." 22703963,Lichmera alboauricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,alboauricularis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)", 22703966,Lichmera deningeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,deningeri,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1912)", 22703976,Lichmera notabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,notabilis,,,,,"(Finsch, 1898)", 22703981,Trichodere cockerelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Trichodere,cockerelli,,,,,"(Gould, 1869)", 22703993,Microptilotis albonotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,albonotatus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)",

Microptilotis albonotatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga albonotata.

 

22704010,Meliphaga notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Meliphaga,notata,,,,,"(Gould, 1867)", 22704024,Microptilotis reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,reticulatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)",

Microptilotis reticulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga reticulata.

 

22704027,Guadalcanaria inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Guadalcanaria,inexpectata,,,,,"(Hartert, 1929)", 22704043,Bolemoreus frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Bolemoreus,frenatus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1875)",

Bolemoreus frenatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus frenatus.

 

22704055,Gavicalis versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gavicalis,versicolor,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)",

Gavicalis versicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus versicolor.

 

22704061,Gavicalis virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gavicalis,virescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",

Gavicalis virescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus virescens.

 

22704067,Stomiopera unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Stomiopera,unicolor,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)",

Stomiopera unicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus unicolor.

 

22704070,Nesoptilotis leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Nesoptilotis,leucotis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",Nesoptilotis leucotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus leucotis. 22704073,Nesoptilotis flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Nesoptilotis,flavicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",Nesoptilotis flavicollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus flavicollis. 22704076,Lichenostomus melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichenostomus,melanops,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22704079,Lichenostomus cratitius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichenostomus,cratitius,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22704082,Ptilotula keartlandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptilotula,keartlandi,,,,,"(North, 1895)",

Ptilotula keartlandi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus keartlandi.

 

22704085,Ptilotula flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptilotula,flavescens,,,,,"(Gould, 1840)",

Ptilotula flavescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus flavescens.

 

22704091,Ptilotula plumula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptilotula,plumula,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)",

Ptilotula plumula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus plumulus.

 

22704094,Ptilotula ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptilotula,ornata,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)",

Ptilotula ornata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus ornatus.

 

22704110,Xanthotis macleayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Xanthotis,macleayanus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1875)", 22704125,Apalopteron familiare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Apalopteron,familiare,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1831)", 103685459,Melithreptus lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,lunatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1802)","Melithreptus lunatus and M. chloropsis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. lunatus following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22704132,Melithreptus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,affinis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22704135,Melithreptus albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,albogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1848", 22704167,Pycnopygius stictocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Pycnopygius,stictocephalus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)", 22731197,Philemon citreogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,citreogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)",Philemon citreogularis and P. kisserensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. citreogularis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Andrew (1992). 22733441,Philemon buceroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,buceroides,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)","Philemon buceroides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into P. buceroides and P. novaeguineae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993), although Christidis and Boles (2008) included novaeguineae as a subspecies of buceroides." 22704215,Philemon albitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,albitorques,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22704221,Philemon eichhorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,eichhorni,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1924", 22704227,Philemon corniculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,corniculatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 103688019,Melipotes fumigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melipotes,fumigatus,,,,,"Meyer, 1886","

Melipotes fumigatus and M. carolae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. fumigatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103685849,Gymnomyza viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gymnomyza,viridis,,,,,"(Layard, 1875)","Gymnomyza viridis and G. brunneirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. viridis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22704317,Gymnomyza samoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gymnomyza,samoensis,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)", 22704323,Moho braccatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOIDAE,Moho,braccatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)", 22704335,Moho bishopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOIDAE,Moho,bishopi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)", 22704342,Moho nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOIDAE,Moho,nobilis,,,,,"(Merrem, 1786)", 22704348,Chaetoptila angustipluma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOIDAE,Chaetoptila,angustipluma,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22704353,Phylidonyris pyrrhopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Phylidonyris,pyrrhopterus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22704361,Phylidonyris novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Phylidonyris,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22704364,Phylidonyris niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Phylidonyris,niger,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1811)", 22704372,Purnella albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Purnella,albifrons,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)",

Purnella albifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylidonyris albifrons.

 

22704388,Gliciphila melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gliciphila,melanops,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",

Gliciphila melanops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylidonyris melanops.

22704397,Ramsayornis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ramsayornis,fasciatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 22704400,Plectorhyncha lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Plectorhyncha,lanceolata,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704406,Conopophila rufogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Conopophila,rufogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 22704409,Conopophila whitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Conopophila,whitei,,,,,"(North, 1910)", 22704421,Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Acanthorhynchus,tenuirostris,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22704424,Acanthorhynchus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Acanthorhynchus,superciliosus,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 103685011,Entomyzon cyanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Entomyzon,cyanotis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","Entomyzon cyanotis and E. albipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously lumped as E. cyanotis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22704430,Manorina melanophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Manorina,melanophrys,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22704436,Manorina flavigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Manorina,flavigula,,,,,"(Gould, 1840)", 22704451,Acanthagenys rufogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Acanthagenys,rufogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704454,Anthochaera lunulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Anthochaera,lunulata,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704469,Anthochaera paradoxa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Anthochaera,paradoxa,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22704478,Epthianura aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Epthianura,aurifrons,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704481,Epthianura crocea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Epthianura,crocea,,,,,"Castelnau & Ramsay, 1877", 22704484,Epthianura albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Epthianura,albifrons,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1828)", 22704490,Pardalotus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARDALOTIDAE,Pardalotus,punctatus,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1792)", 22704496,Pardalotus rubricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARDALOTIDAE,Pardalotus,rubricatus,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704510,Dasyornis broadbenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DASYORNITHIDAE,Dasyornis,broadbenti,,,,,"(Milligan, 1902)", 22704516,Origma solitaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Origma,solitaria,,,,,"(Lewin, 1808)", 22704536,Sericornis citreogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,citreogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704539,Sericornis frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,frontalis,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22704542,Sericornis humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,humilis,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 104008462,Sericornis beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,beccarii,,,,,"Salvadori, 1874","

Sericornis nouhuysi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into S. virgatus and S. nouhuysi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). S. nouhuysi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) also includes the race idenburgi, previously placed within S. beccarii.

 

" 104008381,Sericornis nouhuysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,nouhuysi,,,,,"van Oort, 1909","

Sericornis nouhuysi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into S. virgatus and S. nouhuysi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). S. nouhuysi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) also includes the race idenburgi, previously placed within S. beccarii.

 

" 22704559,Sericornis magnirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,magnirostra,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22704570,Sericornis rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,rufescens,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)", 22704593,Pyrrholaemus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Pyrrholaemus,brunneus,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22704600,Calamanthus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Calamanthus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22704604,Calamanthus pyrrhopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Calamanthus,pyrrhopygius,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)",

Calamanthus pyrrhopygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylacola pyrrhopygia.

 

22704614,Calamanthus cautus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Calamanthus,cautus,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)",

Calamanthus cautus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylacola cauta.

 

22704624,Acanthiza murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,murina,,,,,"(De Vis, 1897)", 22704630,Acanthiza pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,pusilla,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 22704635,Acanthiza ewingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,ewingii,,,,,"Gould, 1844", 22704638,Acanthiza reguloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,reguloides,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827", 22704641,Acanthiza inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,inornata,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22704644,Acanthiza iredalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,iredalei,,,,,"Mathews, 1911", 22704650,Acanthiza uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,uropygialis,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704653,Acanthiza nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,nana,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827", 22704656,Acanthiza lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,lineata,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704659,Acanthiza robustirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,robustirostris,,,,,"Milligan, 1903", 22704662,Smicrornis brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Smicrornis,brevirostris,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22704669,Gerygone chloronota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,chloronota,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22704680,Gerygone palpebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,palpebrosa,,,,,"Wallace, 1865", 22704683,Gerygone olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,olivacea,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22704702,Gerygone tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Hall, 1901)", 22704708,Gerygone inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,inornata,,,,,"Wallace, 1864", 22704718,Gerygone levigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,levigaster,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22704721,Gerygone fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,fusca,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22704724,Gerygone insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,insularis,,,,,"Ramsay, 1879", 22704735,Gerygone igata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,igata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22704739,Gerygone albofrontata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,albofrontata,,,,,"Gray, 1844", 22704754,Aphelocephala nigricincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Aphelocephala,nigricincta,,,,,"(North, 1895)", 103735468,Monachella muelleriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Monachella,muelleriana,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)","

Monachella muelleriana and M. coultasi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. muelleriana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22704769,Microeca fascinans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Microeca,fascinans,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22704799,Petroica archboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,archboldi,,,,,"Rand, 1940", 22704816,Petroica goodenovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,goodenovii,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22704822,Petroica rosea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,rosea,,,,,"Gould, 1840", 22704825,Petroica rodinogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,rodinogaster,,,,,"(Drapiez, 1819)", 103734942,Petroica australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,australis,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1788)","

Petroica australis and P. longipes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. australis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

" 22704843,Tregellasia leucops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Tregellasia,leucops,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)", 22704846,Tregellasia capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Tregellasia,capito,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)", 22704849,Eopsaltria australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Eopsaltria,australis,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 22704853,Eopsaltria griseogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Eopsaltria,griseogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704860,Quoyornis georgianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Quoyornis,georgianus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)",

Quoyornis georgianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eopsaltria georgiana.

22704869,Poecilodryas brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Poecilodryas,brachyura,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22704883,Plesiodryas albonotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Plesiodryas,albonotata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)",

Plesiodryas albonotata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Poecilodryas albonotata.

22704886,Peneothello sigillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Peneothello,sigillata,,,,,"(De Vis, 1890)",

Peneothello sigillata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Peneothello sigillatus.

22704900,Peneothello bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Peneothello,bimaculata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1874)", 22704917,Pachycephalopsis hattamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Pachycephalopsis,hattamensis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 22704920,Pachycephalopsis poliosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Pachycephalopsis,poliosoma,,,,,"Sharpe, 1882", 22704928,Drymodes brunneopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Drymodes,brunneopygia,,,,,"Gould, 1840", 103775156,Irena puella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,IRENIDAE,Irena,puella,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","

Irena puella and I. tweeddalii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. puella following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22704936,Irena cyanogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,IRENIDAE,Irena,cyanogastra,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22704944,Chloropsis flavipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,flavipennis,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)", 103775266,Chloropsis hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,hardwickii,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1830)","

Chloropsis hardwickii and C. lazulina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. hardwickii following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22704980,Garritornis isidorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POMATOSTOMIDAE,Garritornis,isidorei,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)",

Garritornis isidorei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pomatostomus isidorei.

 

22704983,Pomatostomus temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POMATOSTOMIDAE,Pomatostomus,temporalis,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22704986,Pomatostomus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POMATOSTOMIDAE,Pomatostomus,superciliosus,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22704989,Pomatostomus halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POMATOSTOMIDAE,Pomatostomus,halli,,,,,"Cowles, 1964", 22704992,Pomatostomus ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POMATOSTOMIDAE,Pomatostomus,ruficeps,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1852)", 22704995,Lanius tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,tigrinus,,,,,"Drapiez, 1828", 103718693,Lanius isabellinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,isabellinus,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1833","

Lanius isabellinus and L. phoenicuroides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. isabellinus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705011,Lanius cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,cristatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22705014,Lanius collurioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,collurioides,,,,,"Lesson, 1834", 22705029,Lanius schach,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,schach,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22705032,Lanius tephronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,tephronotus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 103718766,Lanius sphenocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,sphenocercus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1873","

Lanius sphenocercus and L. giganteus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. sphenocercus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705053,Lanius excubitoroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,excubitoroides,,,,,"Prévost & Des Murs, 1847", 22705057,Lanius cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,cabanisi,,,,,"Hartert, 1906", 22705061,Lanius dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,dorsalis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1878", 22705066,Lanius somalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,somalicus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1859", 22705070,Lanius mackinnoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,mackinnoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1891", 22730635,Lanius collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,collaris,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22705103,Lanius corvinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,corvinus,,,,,"Shaw, 1809","Previously placed in monotypic genus Corvinella as C. corvina (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but Fuchs et al. (2019) found that the sister genera Corvinella and Urolestes are nested within Lanius and recommended their synonymisation with the latter. Races intergrade, and intermediate individuals exist. Subspecies caliginosa sometimes merged with affinis (Dickinson & Christidis 2014). Proposed subspecies chapini (Kavirondo, in Kenya) included in affinis. Four subspecies recognized." 22705107,Lanius melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,melanoleucus,,,,,"Jardine, 1831","Previously placed in monotypic genus Urolestes as U. melanoleucos (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but Fuchs et al. (2019) found that the sister genera Corvinella and Urolestes are nested within Lanius and recommended their synonymisation with the latter. Race angolensis included in nominate by some authors (Dickinson & Christidis 2014), as (more rarely) is expressus. Four subspecies recognized." 22705114,Eurocephalus ruppelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Eurocephalus,ruppelli,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1853","

Eurocephalus ruppelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eurocephalus ruppellii. Race erlangeri sometimes considered insufficiently differentiated, and species treated as monotypic (Dickinson & Christidis 2014). Other proposed subspecies are deckeni (Afgoi, in S Somalia), which is included in erlangeri, and fischeri (W of Kilimanjaro, in N Tanzania) and boehmi (NE of L Malawi, in S Tanzania), both synonymized with nominate. Two subspecies currently recognized.

 

" 22705119,Eurocephalus anguitimens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Eurocephalus,anguitimens,,,,,"Smith, 1836", 22705130,Vireolanius melitophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireolanius,melitophrys,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 103693756,Vireolanius leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireolanius,leucotis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)","

Vireolanius leucotis and V. mikettae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as V. leucotis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22705219,Vireo nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,nanus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1875)", 22705222,Vireo latimeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,latimeri,,,,,"Baird, 1866", 22705251,Vireo gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,gracilirostris,,,,,"Sharpe, 1890", 22705297,Pachysylvia muscicapina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pachysylvia,muscicapina,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)",

Pachysylvia muscicapina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylophilus muscicapinus.

 

22705327,Psophodes olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PSOPHODIDAE,Psophodes,olivaceus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22705330,Psophodes nigrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PSOPHODIDAE,Psophodes,nigrogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1844", 22705336,Psophodes occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PSOPHODIDAE,Psophodes,occidentalis,,,,,"(Mathews, 1912)", 22705345,Cinclosoma castanotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Cinclosoma,castanotum,,,,,"Gould, 1840", 103693226,Cinclosoma cinnamomeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Cinclosoma,cinnamomeum,,,,,"Gould, 1846","

Cinclosoma cinnamomeum and C. alisteri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinnamomeum following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22705363,Cinclosoma ajax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Cinclosoma,ajax,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22705372,Ptilorrhoa castanonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Ptilorrhoa,castanonota,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22705375,Eupetes macrocerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EUPETIDAE,Eupetes,macrocerus,,,,,"Temminck, 1831", 22705379,Ifrita kowaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,IFRITIDAE,Ifrita,kowaldi,,,,,"(De Vis, 1890)", 22705385,Struthidea cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORCORACIDAE,Struthidea,cinerea,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 103691540,Daphoenositta chrysoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NEOSITTIDAE,Daphoenositta,chrysoptera,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","

Daphoenositta chrysoptera and D. papuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. chrysoptera following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22705391,Daphoenositta miranda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NEOSITTIDAE,Daphoenositta,miranda,,,,,"De Vis, 1897", 22705397,Mohoua ochrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOUIDAE,Mohoua,ochrocephala,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22705400,Mohoua novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOUIDAE,Mohoua,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22705408,Oreoica gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,OREOICIDAE,Oreoica,gutturalis,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22705414,Pachycare flavogriseum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Pachycare,flavogriseum,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 103867190,Hylocitrea bonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HYLOCITREIDAE,Hylocitrea,bonensis,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","

Hylocitrea bonensis and H. bonthaina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. bonensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22705425,Coracornis raveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Coracornis,raveni,,,,,"Riley, 1918", 22705431,Pachycephala olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,olivacea,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827", 22705434,Pachycephala rufogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,rufogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22705437,Pachycephala inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,inornata,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22705440,Pachycephala cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,cinerea,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)",

Pachycephala cinerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as P. grisola.

 

22705446,Pachycephala homeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,homeyeri,,,,,"(Blasius, 1890)", 22705460,Pachycephala modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,modesta,,,,,"(De Vis, 1894)", 22705466,Pachycephala sulfuriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,sulfuriventer,,,,,"(Walden, 1872)", 22705473,Pachycephala meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,meyeri,,,,,"Salvadori, 1890", 22705486,Pachycephala orpheus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,orpheus,,,,,"Jardine, 1849", 22705496,Pachycephala lorentzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,lorentzi,,,,,"Mayr, 1931", 22705503,Pachycephala caledonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,caledonica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22705507,Pachycephala flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,flavifrons,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22705510,Pachycephala jacquinoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,jacquinoti,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22705516,Pachycephala nudigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,nudigula,,,,,"Hartert, 1897", 22705522,Pachycephala aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,aurea,,,,,"Reichenow, 1899", 22705528,Pachycephala arctitorquis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,arctitorquis,,,,,"Sclater, 1883", 22705531,Pachycephala monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,monacha,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22705534,Pachycephala leucogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,leucogastra,,,,,"Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1876", 22705540,Pachycephala lanioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,lanioides,,,,,"Gould, 1840", 22705557,Colluricincla woodwardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Colluricincla,woodwardi,,,,,"Hartert, 1905", 103691592,Pitohui kirhocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Pitohui,kirhocephalus,,,,,"(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","

Pitohui kirhocephalus, P. cerviniventris and P. uropygialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. kirhocephalus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705579,Pseudorectes incertus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pseudorectes,incertus,,,,,"(van Oort, 1909)",

Pseudorectes incertus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitohui incertus.

 

22705592,Eulacestoma nigropectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EULACESTOMIDAE,Eulacestoma,nigropectus,,,,,"De Vis, 1894", 22705595,Turnagra capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Turnagra,capensis,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1787)", 103719039,Platysmurus leucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Platysmurus,leucopterus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)","Platysmurus leucopterus and P. aterrimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. leucopterus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22705611,Cyanocitta cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocitta,cristata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103727626,Cyanolyca armillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,armillata,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","

Cyanolyca armillata and C. quindiuna (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. armillata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22705649,Cyanolyca turcosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,turcosa,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1853)", 22705652,Cyanolyca viridicyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,viridicyanus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, 1838)", 22705666,Cyanolyca pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,pulchra,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1876)", 22705711,Cyanocorax violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,violaceus,,,,,"Du Bus, 1847", 22705717,Cyanocorax heilprini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,heilprini,,,,,"Gentry, 1885", 22705720,Cyanocorax cayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,cayanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22705732,Cyanocorax cyanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,cyanopogon,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 22705735,Cyanocorax mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,mystacalis,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835)", 22705768,Garrulus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Garrulus,lanceolatus,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22705771,Garrulus lidthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Garrulus,lidthi,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 22705787,Urocissa ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Urocissa,ornata,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 103719392,Urocissa whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Urocissa,whiteheadi,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1899","

Urocissa whiteheadi and U. xanthomelana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as U. whiteheadi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705813,Cissa hypoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cissa,hypoleuca,,,,,"Salvadori & Giglioli, 1885", 22705839,Dendrocitta formosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Dendrocitta,formosae,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1863", 103719284,Dendrocitta occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Dendrocitta,occipitalis,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)","

Dendrocitta occipitalis and D. cinerascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. occipitalis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705858,Crypsirina cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Crypsirina,cucullata,,,,,"Jerdon, 1862", 22705862,Temnurus temnurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Temnurus,temnurus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22705883,Podoces hendersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Podoces,hendersoni,,,,,"Hume, 1871", 22705893,Podoces panderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Podoces,panderi,,,,,"Fischer, 1821", 22705898,Podoces pleskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Podoces,pleskei,,,,,"Zarudny, 1896", 22705935,Corvus dauuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,dauuricus,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22705966,Corvus meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,meeki,,,,,"Rothschild, 1904", 22705969,Corvus woodfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,woodfordi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1887)", 22705972,Corvus fuscicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,fuscicapillus,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22705975,Corvus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,tristis,,,,,"Lesson & Garnot, 1827", 22705978,Corvus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,capensis,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22705986,Corvus caurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,caurinus,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 22705993,Corvus ossifragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,ossifragus,,,,,"Wilson, 1812", 22706013,Corvus leucognaphalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,leucognaphalus,,,,,"Daudin, 1800", 103727590,Corvus macrorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,macrorhynchos,,,,,"Wagler, 1827","

Corvus macrorhynchos and C. levaillantii (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into C. macrorhynchos following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

 

" 22706030,Corvus bennetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,bennetti,,,,,"North, 1901", 22706033,Corvus coronoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,coronoides,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827", 22706052,Corvus hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22706055,Corvus cryptoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,cryptoleucus,,,,,"Couch, 1854", 22706073,Corvus rhipidurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,rhipidurus,,,,,"Hartert, 1918", 22706077,Corvus albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,albicollis,,,,,"Latham, 1790", 22706081,Corvus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,crassirostris,,,,,"Rüppell, 1836", 22706085,Melampitta lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELAMPITTIDAE,Melampitta,lugubris,,,,,"Schlegel, 1873", 22706088,Megalampitta gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELAMPITTIDAE,Megalampitta,gigantea,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1899)",Megalampitta gigantea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Melampitta gigantea 22706145,Paradigalla carunculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradigalla,carunculata,,,,,"Lesson, 1835", 22706148,Paradigalla brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradigalla,brevicauda,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1911", 22706154,Epimachus meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Epimachus,meyeri,,,,,"Finsch, 1885", 22706157,Drepanornis albertisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Drepanornis,albertisi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1873)",

Drepanornis albertisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Epimachus albertisi.

22706160,Drepanornis bruijnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Drepanornis,bruijnii,,,,,"Oustalet, 1880",

Drepanornis bruijnii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Epimachus bruijnii.

22706171,Parotia sefilata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Parotia,sefilata,,,,,"(Pennant, 1781)", 22706174,Parotia carolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Parotia,carolae,,,,,"Meyer, 1894","

Parotia carolae and P. berlepschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. carolae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22706183,Parotia wahnesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Parotia,wahnesi,,,,,"Rothschild, 1906", 22706212,Astrapia nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Astrapia,nigra,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22706215,Astrapia splendidissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Astrapia,splendidissima,,,,,"Rothschild, 1895", 22706218,Astrapia mayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Astrapia,mayeri,,,,,"Stonor, 1939", 22706229,Pteridophora alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Pteridophora,alberti,,,,,"Meyer, 1894", 22706241,Paradisaea rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradisaea,rubra,,,,,"Daudin, 1800", 22706249,Paradisaea apoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradisaea,apoda,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22706257,Paradisaea decora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradisaea,decora,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1883", 22706261,Paradisaea guilielmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradisaea,guilielmi,,,,,"Cabanis, 1888", 22706270,Cracticus mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Cracticus,mentalis,,,,,"Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1876", 103703460,Cracticus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Cracticus,torquatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","

Cracticus torquatus and C. argenteus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. torquatus following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22706282,Cracticus nigrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Cracticus,nigrogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22706285,Melloria quoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Melloria,quoyi,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)",

Melloria quoyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cracticus quoyi.

 

22706293,Strepera graculina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Strepera,graculina,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 22706296,Strepera fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Strepera,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22706302,Artamus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,fuscus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22706324,Artamus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,superciliosus,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22706330,Artamus cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,cyanopterus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 103691625,Oriolus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,melanotis,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Oriolus melanotis and O. finschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. melanotis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22706372,Oriolus steerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,steerii,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877", 22706400,Oriolus chlorocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,chlorocephalus,,,,,"Shelley, 1896", 22706415,Oriolus monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,monacha,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22706421,Oriolus larvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,larvatus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22706427,Oriolus percivali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,percivali,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1903", 22706440,Oriolus hosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,hosii,,,,,"Sharpe, 1892", 22706449,Oriolus mellianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,mellianus,,,,,"Stresemann, 1922", 22706466,Coracina maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,maxima,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1839)", 22706479,Coracina schistacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,schistacea,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)", 22706483,Coracina personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,personata,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 22706486,Coracina atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,atriceps,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 22706495,Coracina novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22706502,Coracina temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,temminckii,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 22706516,Coracina boyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,boyeri,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22706519,Coracina leucopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,leucopygia,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22706526,Coracina longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,longicauda,,,,,"(De Vis, 1890)", 22706529,Coracina parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,parvula,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)","

Previously placed in Edolisoma as E. parvulum (del Hoyo & Collar 2016). Placed tentatively in Lalage by some recent authors (Eaton et al. 2016), but more recent molecular study indicates that it should be returned to the genus Coracina (Pedersen et al. 2018), as previously listed. Monotypic.

 

" 22706532,Celebesica abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Celebesica,abbotti,,,,,"(Riley, 1918)","

Celebesica abbotti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina abbotti. Sometimes included in Edolisoma, and may be closest to E. parvulum. Placed in Lalage by some authors (Eaton et al. 2016). Monotypic.

 

" 22706535,Edolisoma anale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,anale,,,,,"(Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860)",

Edolisoma anale (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina analis.

 

22706538,Ceblepyris pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Ceblepyris,pectoralis,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1828)",

Ceblepyris pectoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina pectoralis.

 

22706548,Cyanograucalus azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Cyanograucalus,azureus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1852)",

Cyanograucalus azureus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina azurea.

 

103694485,Ceblepyris cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Ceblepyris,cinereus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Ceblepyris cinereus and C. cucullatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina cinerea following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22706564,Lalage typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,typica,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1865)",

Lalage typica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina typica.

 

22706569,Lalage newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,newtoni,,,,,"(Pollen, 1866)",

Lalage newtoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina newtoni.

 

22706584,Edolisoma dohertyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,dohertyi,,,,,"Hartert, 1896",

Edolisoma dohertyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina dohertyi.

 

22706588,Edolisoma sula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,sula,,,,,"Hartert, 1917",

Edolisoma sula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina sula.

 

22706601,Edolisoma morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,morio,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)",

Edolisoma morio (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina morio.

 

22706604,Edolisoma ceramense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,ceramense,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",

Edolisoma ceramense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina ceramensis.

 

22706607,Edolisoma incertum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,incertum,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)",

Edolisoma incertum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina incerta.

 

22706614,Edolisoma melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,melas,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)","

Edolisoma melas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina melas. Race batantae often merged with nominate; likewise, goodsoni and meeki included in nominate by some authors (Beehler & Pratt 2016). Species name often incorrectly given as melaena, but original name is a transliterated Greek word and thus remains invariable. Six subspecies currently recognized.

" 103702529,Edolisoma holopolium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,holopolium,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)","

Edolisoma holopolium and E. pygmaeum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina holopolia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22706629,Edolisoma ostentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,ostentum,,,,,"(Ripley, 1952)",

Edolisoma ostentum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina ostenta.

22706633,Lalage polioptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,polioptera,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)",

Lalage polioptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina polioptera.

 

22706639,Lalage fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,fimbriata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)",

Lalage fimbriata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina fimbriata.

 

22706645,Campochaera sloetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Campochaera,sloetii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)", 103702973,Lalage melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,melanoleuca,,,,,"(Blyth, 1861)","

Lalage melanoleuca and L. minor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. melanoleuca following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22706669,Lalage aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,aurea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 103702795,Lalage atrovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,atrovirens,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)","

Lalage atrovirens and L. leucoptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. atrovirens following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22706684,Lalage sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,sharpei,,,,,"Rothschild, 1900", 22706687,Lalage leucopyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,leucopyga,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22706690,Campephaga petiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Campephaga,petiti,,,,,"Oustalet, 1884", 22706731,Pericrocotus cantonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,cantonensis,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1861", 22706741,Pericrocotus cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22706744,Pericrocotus igneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,igneus,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 22706747,Pericrocotus lansbergei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,lansbergei,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1886", 103694119,Pericrocotus solaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,solaris,,,,,"Blyth, 1846","

Pericrocotus solaris and P. montanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. solaris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22706763,Pericrocotus miniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,miniatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22706772,Hemipus hirundinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Hemipus,hirundinaceus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22706775,Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Chelidorhynx,hypoxanthus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)",

Chelidorhynx hypoxanthus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhipidura hypoxantha.

103708673,Rhipidura superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,superciliaris,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)","Rhipidura superciliaris and R. samarensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. superciliaris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103707823,Rhipidura cyaniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,cyaniceps,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)","Rhipidura cyaniceps, R. sauli and R. albiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. cyaniceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103709726,Rhipidura albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,albicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Rhipidura albicollis and R. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. albicollis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22706796,Rhipidura aureola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,aureola,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 103709500,Rhipidura javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,javanica,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1788)","Rhipidura javanica and R. nigritorquis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. javancia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22706809,Rhipidura diluta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,diluta,,,,,"Wallace, 1864", 103708785,Rhipidura rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,rufiventris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22706815,Rhipidura fuscorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,fuscorufa,,,,,"Sclater, 1883", 22706826,Rhipidura maculipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,maculipectus,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22706831,Rhipidura leucothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,leucothorax,,,,,"Salvadori, 1874", 22706836,Rhipidura atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,atra,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876", 22706842,Rhipidura albolimbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,albolimbata,,,,,"Salvadori, 1874", 22706845,Rhipidura phasiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,phasiana,,,,,"De Vis, 1884", 22735745,Rhipidura fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1787)","Rhipidura fuliginosa and R. albiscapa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. fuliginosa following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990)." 22706861,Rhipidura tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,tenebrosa,,,,,"Ramsay, 1882", 22706865,Rhipidura rennelliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,rennelliana,,,,,"Mayr, 1931", 22706875,Rhipidura personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,personata,,,,,"Ramsay, 1876", 22706878,Rhipidura nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,nebulosa,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22706881,Rhipidura brachyrhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,brachyrhyncha,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871", 22706887,Rhipidura superflua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,superflua,,,,,"Hartert, 1899", 22706890,Rhipidura dedemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,dedemi,,,,,"van Oort, 1911", 22706897,Rhipidura lepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,lepida,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868", 22706903,Rhipidura dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,dahli,,,,,"Reichenow, 1897", 22706906,Rhipidura matthiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,matthiae,,,,,"Heinroth, 1902", 22706910,Rhipidura malaitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,malaitae,,,,,"Mayr, 1931", 22706913,Rhipidura kubaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,kubaryi,,,,,"Finsch, 1876", 22706921,Rhipidura semirubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,semirubra,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22706931,Dicrurus atripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,atripennis,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22706943,Dicrurus aldabranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,aldabranus,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1893)", 22706947,Dicrurus fuscipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,fuscipennis,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1887)", 22706957,Dicrurus waldenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,waldenii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22706961,Dicrurus macrocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,macrocercus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22706964,Dicrurus leucophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,leucophaeus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22706967,Dicrurus caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,caerulescens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22706973,Dicrurus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,aeneus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22706976,Dicrurus remifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,remifer,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22706993,Dicrurus balicassius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,balicassius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22706999,Dicrurus megarhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,megarhynchus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 103711122,Dicrurus paradiseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,paradiseus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Dicrurus paradiseus and D. lophorinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. paradiseus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22707008,Erythrocercus mccallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Erythrocercus,mccallii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)", 22707012,Erythrocercus holochlorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Erythrocercus,holochlorus,,,,,"Erlanger, 1901", 22707017,Erythrocercus livingstonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Erythrocercus,livingstonei,,,,,"Gray, 1870", 22707028,Elminia albicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Elminia,albicauda,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1877", 22707034,Elminia nigromitrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Elminia,nigromitrata,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1874)", 22707043,Elminia albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Elminia,albiventris,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1893", 22707052,Elminia albonotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Elminia,albonotata,,,,,"Sharpe, 1891", 22707061,Trochocercus nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Trochocercus,nitens,,,,,"Cassin, 1859", 103715755,Hypothymis azurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Hypothymis,azurea,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Hypothymis azurea and H. puella (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. azurea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22707108,Terpsiphone viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,viridis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22707126,Terpsiphone mutata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,mutata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22707151,Terpsiphone atrocaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,atrocaudata,,,,,"(Eyton, 1839)", 103715802,Terpsiphone cinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,cinnamomea,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)","

Terpsiphone cinnamomea and T. unirufa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cinnamomea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22707161,Terpsiphone cyanescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,cyanescens,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22707200,Mayrornis versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Mayrornis,versicolor,,,,,"Mayr, 1933", 22707204,Mayrornis lessoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Mayrornis,lessoni,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22707207,Mayrornis schistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Mayrornis,schistaceus,,,,,"Mayr, 1933", 22707210,Neolalage banksiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Neolalage,banksiana,,,,,"(Gray, 1870)", 22707213,Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Clytorhynchus,pachycephaloides,,,,,"Elliot, 1870", 22707227,Metabolus rugensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Metabolus,rugensis,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)", 22707234,Symposiachrus rubiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,rubiensis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)",Symposiachrus rubiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha rubiensis. 22707243,Monarcha melanopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Monarcha,melanopsis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22707252,Monarcha richardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Monarcha,richardsii,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1881)", 22707255,Carterornis pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Carterornis,pileatus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)",

Carterornis pileatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha pileatus.

22707258,Carterornis castus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Carterornis,castus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1883)",

Carterornis castus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha castus.

22707261,Carterornis leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Carterornis,leucotis,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)",

Carterornis leucotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha leucotis.

22707274,Symposiachrus mundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,mundus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1883)",Symposiachrus mundus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha mundus. 22707291,Symposiachrus loricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,loricatus,,,,,"(Wallace, 1863)",Symposiachrus loricatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha loricatus. 22707297,Symposiachrus leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,leucurus,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)",Symposiachrus leucurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha leucurus. 22707304,Symposiachrus manadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,manadensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)",

Symposiachrus manadensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha manadensis.

22707307,Symposiachrus brehmii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,brehmii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)",

Symposiachrus brehmii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha brehmii.

22707310,Symposiachrus infelix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,infelix,,,,,"(Sclater, 1877)",

Symposiachrus infelix (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha infelix.

22707326,Symposiachrus browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,browni,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1883)",

Symposiachrus browni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha browni.

22707330,Symposiachrus vidua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,vidua,,,,,"(Tristram, 1879)",

Symposiachrus vidua (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha viduus.Symposiachrus vidua (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha viduus.

22707333,Metabolus godeffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Metabolus,godeffroyi,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1868)",Metabolus godeffroyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha godeffroyi. 22707348,Arses insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Arses,insularis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 22707351,Arses kaupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Arses,kaupi,,,,,"Gould, 1851", 22707354,Myiagra freycineti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,freycineti,,,,,"Oustalet, 1881", 22707358,Myiagra erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,erythrops,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868", 22707362,Myiagra oceanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,oceanica,,,,,"Pucheran, 1853", 22707365,Myiagra pluto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,pluto,,,,,"Finsch, 1876", 22707368,Myiagra atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,atra,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 22707377,Myiagra rubecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,rubecula,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22707380,Myiagra ferrocyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,ferrocyanea,,,,,"Ramsay, 1879", 22707383,Myiagra cervinicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,cervinicauda,,,,,"Tristram, 1879", 22707387,Myiagra caledonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,caledonica,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1857", 22707390,Myiagra vanikorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,vanikorensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22707393,Myiagra albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,albiventris,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 103711173,Myiagra azureocapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,azureocapilla,,,,,"Layard, 1875","Myiagra azureocapilla and M. castaneigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. azureocapilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103707785,Lamprolia victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LAMPROLIIDAE,Lamprolia,victoriae,,,,,"Finsch, 1874","Jønsson et al. (2018) establish that Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi, Drongo Fantail Chaetorhynchus papuensis, Natewa Silktail Lamprolia klinesmithi and Taveuni Silktail L. victoriae belong in a separate ancient family, Lamproliidae, sister to the Rhipiduridae. This finding is accepted here.

Lamprolia victoriae and L. klinesmithi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. victoriae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22707429,Grallina bruijnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Grallina,bruijnii,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875",Grallina bruijnii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as G. bruijni. 22707433,Aegithina tiphia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHINIDAE,Aegithina,tiphia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22707436,Aegithina nigrolutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHINIDAE,Aegithina,nigrolutea,,,,,"(Marshall, 1876)", 22707440,Aegithina viridissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHINIDAE,Aegithina,viridissima,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22707443,Aegithina lafresnayei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHINIDAE,Aegithina,lafresnayei,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)", 22707446,Lanioturdus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Lanioturdus,torquatus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1838", 22707455,Dryoscopus gambensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Dryoscopus,gambensis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22707459,Dryoscopus pringlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Dryoscopus,pringlii,,,,,"Jackson, 1893", 22707463,Dryoscopus cubla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Dryoscopus,cubla,,,,,"(Shaw, 1809)", 22707468,Dryoscopus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Dryoscopus,senegalensis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)", 22707473,Dryoscopus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Dryoscopus,angolensis,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1860", 22707477,Dryoscopus sabini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Dryoscopus,sabini,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 22707505,Tchagra australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Tchagra,australis,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22707514,Tchagra tchagra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Tchagra,tchagra,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22707518,Laniarius ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,ruficeps,,,,,"(Shelley, 1885)", 22707524,Laniarius luehderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,luehderi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1874", 22707554,Laniarius turatii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,turatii,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1858)", 104007160,Laniarius aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,aethiopicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Laniarius aethiopicus, L. nigerrimus and L. sublacteus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. aethiopicus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22707566,Laniarius bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,bicolor,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1857)", 22707571,Laniarius ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22707575,Laniarius barbarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,barbarus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22707580,Laniarius erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,erythrogaster,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1829)", 22707586,Laniarius atrococcineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,atrococcineus,,,,,"(Burchell, 1822)", 22707593,Laniarius mufumbiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,mufumbiri,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1911", 22707597,Laniarius atroflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,atroflavus,,,,,"Shelley, 1887", 22707601,Laniarius funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,funebris,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1863)", 103706176,Laniarius poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,poensis,,,,,"(Alexander, 1903)","Laniarius poensis and L. holomelas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. poensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22707623,Rhodophoneus cruentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Rhodophoneus,cruentus,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1828)", 22707629,Telophorus zeylonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Telophorus,zeylonus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22707638,Chlorophoneus bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Chlorophoneus,bocagei,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1894)",Chlorophoneus bocagei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Telophorus bocagei. 22707647,Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Chlorophoneus,sulfureopectus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)",Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Telophorus sulfureopectus. 22707656,Chlorophoneus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Chlorophoneus,olivaceus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1809)",Chlorophoneus olivaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Telophorus olivaceus. 103707122,Telophorus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Telophorus,viridis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","Telophorus viridis and T. quadricolor (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into T. viridis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016)." 22707716,Malaconotus cruentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Malaconotus,cruentus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22707735,Malaconotus blanchoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Malaconotus,blanchoti,,,,,"Stephens, 1826", 22707753,Prionops plumatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,plumatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1809)", 22707760,Prionops poliolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,poliolophus,,,,,"Fischer & Reichenow, 1884", 22707788,Prionops retzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,retzii,,,,,"Wahlberg, 1856", 22707794,Prionops gabela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,gabela,,,,,"Rand, 1957", 22707807,Megabyas flammulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Megabyas,flammulatus,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)", 22707816,Bias musicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Bias,musicus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22707821,Pseudobias wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Pseudobias,wardi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1870", 22707826,Batis diops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,diops,,,,,"Jackson, 1905", 22707830,Batis margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,margaritae,,,,,"Boulton, 1934", 22707858,Batis fratrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,fratrum,,,,,"(Shelley, 1900)", 22707864,Batis molitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,molitor,,,,,"Küster, 1850", 22707868,Batis soror,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,soror,,,,,"Reichenow, 1903", 22707873,Batis pririt,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,pririt,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22707881,Batis orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,orientalis,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1871)", 22707897,Batis perkeo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,perkeo,,,,,"Neumann, 1907", 22707906,Batis ituriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,ituriensis,,,,,"Chapin, 1921", 22707910,Batis occulta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,occulta,,,,,"Lawson, 1984", 22707915,Batis poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,poensis,,,,,"Alexander, 1903", 22707920,Batis minulla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,minulla,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1874)", 22707924,Platysteira cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Platysteira,cyanea,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22707929,Platysteira laticincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Platysteira,laticincta,,,,,"Bates, 1926", 22707934,Platysteira albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Platysteira,albifrons,,,,,"Sharpe, 1873", 22707938,Platysteira peltata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Platysteira,peltata,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 103704564,Dyaphorophyia castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,castanea,,,,,"Fraser, 1843","

Dyaphorophyia castanea and D. hormophora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Platysteira castanea following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22707950,Dyaphorophyia tonsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,tonsa,,,,,"Bates, 1911",

Dyaphorophyia tonsa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Platysteira tonsa.

 

22707966,Dyaphorophyia chalybea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,chalybea,,,,,"Reichenow, 1897",

Dyaphorophyia chalybea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Platysteira chalybea.

 

22707975,Dyaphorophyia jamesoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,jamesoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1890",

Dyaphorophyia jamesoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Platysteira jamesoni.

 

103704634,Dyaphorophyia concreta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,concreta,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1855","

Dyaphorophyia concreta and D. ansorgei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Platysteira concreta following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22707991,Philentoma pyrhoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Philentoma,pyrhoptera,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)", 22707998,Philentoma velata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Philentoma,velata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 103703834,Tephrodornis virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Tephrodornis,virgatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)","

Tephrodornis virgatus and T. sylvicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. gularis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22708016,Schetba rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Schetba,rufa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22708020,Vanga curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Vanga,curvirostris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22708033,Xenopirostris polleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Xenopirostris,polleni,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1868)", 22708037,Artamella viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Artamella,viridis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22708046,Leptopterus chabert,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Leptopterus,chabert,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 103703584,Cyanolanius madagascarinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Cyanolanius,madagascarinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Cyanolanius madagascarinus and C. comorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. madagascarinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22708069,Hypositta corallirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Hypositta,corallirostris,,,,,"(Newton, 1863)", 22708129,Dulus dominicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DULIDAE,Dulus,dominicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22708160,Cinclus pallasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLIDAE,Cinclus,pallasii,,,,,"Temminck, 1820", 22708166,Cinclus leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLIDAE,Cinclus,leucocephalus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844", 103878959,Stizorhina fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Stizorhina,fraseri,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)",

Stizorhina fraseri and S. finschi (del Hoyo and collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. fraseri following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22708202,Monticola sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,sharpei,,,,,"(Gray, 1871)", 22708218,Monticola imerina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,imerina,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)","

Monticola imerina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as M. imerinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22708227,Monticola rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,rupestris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22708239,Monticola brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,brevipes,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)", 22708251,Monticola angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,angolensis,,,,,"Sousa, 1888", 22708265,Monticola rufocinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,rufocinereus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 22708276,Monticola gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,gularis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1863)", 22708281,Monticola rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,rufiventris,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1833)", 22708292,Myophonus blighi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,blighi,,,,,"(Holdsworth, 1872)", 22708303,Myophonus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,melanurus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)", 22708313,Myophonus robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,robinsoni,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1905", 22708324,Myophonus horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,horsfieldii,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22708329,Myophonus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,caeruleus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22708334,Myophonus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,insularis,,,,,"Gould, 1862", 22708339,Zoothera heinrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,heinrichi,,,,,"Stresemann, 1931","Previously placed in monotypic genus Geomalia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but shown by Olsson & Alström (2013) to be firmly nested within the current genus. Birds from N & SE Sulawesi described as subspecies matinangensis, but diagnostic characters weak and not apparent in all material. Monotypic." 22708364,Geokichla wardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,wardii,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)",

Geokichla wardii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera wardii.

22708378,Zoothera everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,everetti,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)", 22708382,Geokichla sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,sibirica,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)",

Geokichla sibirica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera sibirica.

103879258,Zoothera mollissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,mollissima,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)","

Zoothera mollissima and Z. griseiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. mollissima following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993), which included the formerly overlooked Z. salimali (Alström et al. 2016)

" 22708487,Zoothera dixoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,dixoni,,,,,"(Seebohm, 1881)", 22708512,Zoothera lunulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,lunulata,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22708516,Zoothera heinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,heinei,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)", 22708529,Zoothera monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,monticola,,,,,"Vigors, 1832", 22708532,Zoothera marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,marginata,,,,,"Blyth, 1847", 22708535,Zoothera terrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,terrestris,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1831)", 22708538,Cataponera turdoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cataponera,turdoides,,,,,"Hartert, 1896", 22708559,Myadestes myadestinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,myadestinus,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1887)", 22708579,Myadestes obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,obscurus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22708593,Myadestes elisabeth,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,elisabeth,,,,,"(Lembeye, 1850)", 22708596,Myadestes genibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,genibarbis,,,,,"Swainson, 1838", 22708599,Myadestes melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,melanops,,,,,"Salvin, 1865", 22708605,Myadestes ralloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,ralloides,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1840)", 103880486,Cichlopsis leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cichlopsis,leucogenys,,,,,"Cabanis, 1850","

Cichlopsis leucogenys, C. chubbi, C. peruviana and C. gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. leucogenys following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22708621,Entomodestes leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Entomodestes,leucotis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22708624,Entomodestes coracinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Entomodestes,coracinus,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1897)", 22708627,Catharus gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,gracilirostris,,,,,"Salvin, 1865", 22708702,Turdus pelios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,pelios,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22708707,Turdus tephronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,tephronotus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1878", 22708712,Turdus libonyana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,libonyana,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)",

Turdus libonyana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as T. libonyanus.

22708759,Turdus dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,dissimilis,,,,,"Blyth, 1847", 22708765,Turdus albocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,albocinctus,,,,,"Royle, 1840", 22708772,Turdus boulboul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,boulboul,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 103891993,Turdus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,poliocephalus,,,,,"Latham, 1801","

Turdus poliocephalus and T. niveiceos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. poliocephalus following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22708783,Turdus rubrocanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,rubrocanus,,,,,"Hodgson, 1846", 22708786,Turdus kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,kessleri,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1876)", 22708793,Turdus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,obscurus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22708797,Turdus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,pallidus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22708800,Turdus chrysolaus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,chrysolaus,,,,,"Temminck, 1831", 22708826,Otocichla mupinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Otocichla,mupinensis,,,,,"(Laubmann, 1920)",

Otocichla mupinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdus mupinensis.

22708832,Turdus aurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,aurantius,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 103891921,Turdus plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,plumbeus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Turdus plumbeus, T. rubripes and T. ardosiaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. plumbeus following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103889964,Turdus chiguanco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,chiguanco,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837","

Turdus chiguanco and T. anthracinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. chiguanco following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22708848,Turdus fuscater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,fuscater,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22708855,Turdus serranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,serranus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844", 22708872,Turdus olivater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,olivater,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1848)", 22708875,Turdus maranonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,maranonicus,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1880", 22708879,Turdus fulviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,fulviventris,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22708882,Turdus rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,rufiventris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22708885,Turdus falcklandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,falcklandii,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1824", 22708891,Turdus amaurochalinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,amaurochalinus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1850", 103890779,Turdus ignobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,ignobilis,,,,,"Sclater, 1857","

Turdus ignobilis, T. debilis and T. arthuri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ignobilis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22708908,Turdus fumigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,fumigatus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22708931,Turdus haplochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,haplochrous,,,,,"Todd, 1931", 22708935,Turdus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,jamaicensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22708965,Chlamydochaera jefferyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Chlamydochaera,jefferyi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1887", 22708982,Brachypteryx leucophris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,leucophris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)",

Brachypteryx leucophris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Brachypteryx leucophrys.

22708996,Chamaetylas poliophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Chamaetylas,poliophrys,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1902)",

Chamaetylas poliophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pseudalethe poliophrys.

22709000,Chamaetylas fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Chamaetylas,fuelleborni,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1900)",

Chamaetylas fuelleborni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pseudalethe fuelleborni.

22709035,Agricola pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Agricola,pallidus,,,,,"(von Müller, 1851)",

Agricola pallidus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradornis pallidus.

22709040,Agricola infuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Agricola,infuscatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1839)",

Agricola infuscatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradornis infuscatus.

22709044,Bradornis mariquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Bradornis,mariquensis,,,,,"Smith, 1847", 22709054,Bradornis microrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Bradornis,microrhynchus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)", 22709061,Melaenornis chocolatinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,chocolatinus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)",

Melaenornis chocolatinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Dioptrornis chocolatinus.

 

22709067,Melaenornis fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,fischeri,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1884)",

Melaenornis fischeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Dioptrornis fischeri.

22709073,Melaenornis brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,brunneus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1886)",

Melaenornis brunneus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Dioptrornis brunneus.

22709079,Melaenornis edolioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,edolioides,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22709090,Melaenornis ardesiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,ardesiacus,,,,,"Berlioz, 1936", 22709101,Fraseria ocreata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,ocreata,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)", 22709113,Melaenornis silens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,silens,,,,,"(Shaw, 1809)",

Melaenornis silens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sigelus silens.

22709117,Eumyias additus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Eumyias,additus,,,,,"(Hartert, 1900)",

Eumyias additus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias additus.

103761460,Cyornis brunneatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,brunneatus,,,,,"(Slater, 1897)","

Cyornis brunneatus and C. nicobaricus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Rhinomyias brunneatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22709147,Cyornis olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,olivaceus,,,,,"(Hume, 1877)",

Cyornis olivaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias olivaceus.

22709166,Cyornis colonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,colonus,,,,,"(Hartert, 1898)",

Cyornis colonus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias colonus.

22709177,Vauriella insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Vauriella,insignis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)",

Vauriella insignis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias insignis.

22709182,Vauriella albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Vauriella,albigularis,,,,,"(Bourne & Worcester, 1894)",

Vauriella albigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias albigularis.

22709187,Vauriella goodfellowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Vauriella,goodfellowi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1905)",

Heteroxenicus stellatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Brachypteryx stellata.

22709214,Muscicapa segregata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,segregata,,,,,"(Siebers, 1928)", 22709220,Muscicapa muttui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,muttui,,,,,"(Layard, 1854)", 22709223,Muscicapa ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,ferruginea,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)", 22709234,Bradornis boehmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Bradornis,boehmi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1884)",

Bradornis boehmi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa boehmi.

22709244,Fraseria olivascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,olivascens,,,,,"(Cassin, 1859)",

Fraseria olivascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa olivascens.

22709255,Muscicapa adusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,adusta,,,,,"(Boie, 1828)", 22709271,Bradornis comitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Bradornis,comitatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)",

Bradornis comitatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa comitata.

22709286,Fraseria caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,caerulescens,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1865)",

Fraseria caerulescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa caerulescens.

22709291,Fraseria griseigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,griseigularis,,,,,"(Jackson, 1906)",

Fraseria griseigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myioparus griseigularis.

22709325,Ficedula zanthopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,zanthopygia,,,,,"(Hay, 1845)", 22709331,Ficedula mugimaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,mugimaki,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22709334,Ficedula erithacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,erithacus,,,,,"(Jerdon & Blyth, 1861)","

Ficedula hodgsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) - Pygmy Blue-flycatcher - was previously placed in the genus Muscicapella following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). Ficedula erithacus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) - Slaty-backed Flycatcher - was previously listed as F. hodgsonii following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22709337,Ficedula strophiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,strophiata,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)", 22709346,Ficedula subrubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,subrubra,,,,,"(Hartert & Steinbacher, 1934)", 22709349,Anthipes monileger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Anthipes,monileger,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)",

Anthipes monileger (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ficedula monileger.

22709355,Anthipes solitaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Anthipes,solitaris,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)",

Anthipes solitaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ficedula solitaris.

22709370,Ficedula buruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,buruensis,,,,,"(Hartert, 1899)", 22709373,Ficedula basilanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,basilanica,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22709382,Ficedula harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,harterti,,,,,"(Siebers, 1928)", 22709389,Ficedula crypta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,crypta,,,,,"(Vaurie, 1951)", 22709403,Ficedula westermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,westermanni,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)", 22709409,Ficedula tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,tricolor,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)", 22709412,Ficedula sapphira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,sapphira,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)", 22709419,Ficedula timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,timorensis,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1919)", 22709426,Eumyias thalassinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Eumyias,thalassinus,,,,,"Swainson, 1838", 22709433,Eumyias sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Eumyias,sordidus,,,,,"(Walden, 1870)", 22709464,Niltava grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Niltava,grandis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22709467,Niltava macgrigoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Niltava,macgrigoriae,,,,,"(Burton, 1836)", 22709470,Niltava davidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Niltava,davidi,,,,,"La Touche, 1907", 22709473,Niltava sundara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Niltava,sundara,,,,,"Hodgson, 1837", 22709476,Niltava sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Niltava,sumatrana,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879", 22709490,Cyornis hoevelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,hoevelli,,,,,"(Meyer, 1903)", 22709494,Cyornis hyacinthinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,hyacinthinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22709499,Cyornis concretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,concretus,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)", 22709532,Cyornis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,unicolor,,,,,"Blyth, 1843", 22709548,Cyornis lemprieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,lemprieri,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1884)", 22709553,Cyornis superbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,superbus,,,,,"Stresemann, 1925", 22709558,Cyornis caerulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,caerulatus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1857)", 103762260,Cyornis rufigastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,rufigastra,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)","

Cyornis rufigastra and C. djampeanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rufigastra following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22709596,Culicicapa ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Culicicapa,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1820)", 22709600,Culicicapa helianthea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Culicicapa,helianthea,,,,,"Wallace, 1865", 22709611,Pogonocichla stellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Pogonocichla,stellata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22709616,Swynnertonia swynnertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Swynnertonia,swynnertoni,,,,,"(Shelley, 1906)", 22709642,Sheppardia aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,aequatorialis,,,,,"(Jackson, 1906)", 22709646,Sheppardia sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,sharpei,,,,,"(Shelley, 1903)", 22709667,Sheppardia lowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,lowei,,,,,"(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1941)", 22709688,Larvivora sibilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,sibilans,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1863","

Larvivora sibilans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22709730,Larvivora cyane,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,cyane,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","

Larvivora cyane (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22709738,Tarsiger chrysaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tarsiger,chrysaeus,,,,,"Hodgson, 1845", 22709743,Tarsiger indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tarsiger,indicus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22709748,Tarsiger hyperythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tarsiger,hyperythrus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)", 22709753,Tarsiger johnstoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tarsiger,johnstoniae,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)", 22709763,Oreocossypha isabellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oreocossypha,isabellae,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)",

Oreocossypha isabellae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cossypha isabellae.

22709770,Cossyphicula roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossyphicula,roberti,,,,,"(Alexander, 1903)", 22709778,Dessonornis archeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Dessonornis,archeri,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1902)",

Dessonornis archeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cossypha archeri.

22709797,Dessonornis humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Dessonornis,humeralis,,,,,"Smith, 1836",

Dessonornis humeralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cossypha humeralis.

22709815,Cossypha semirufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,semirufa,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)", 22709822,Cossypha heuglini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,heuglini,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1866", 22709828,Cossypha natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,natalensis,,,,,"Smith, 1840", 22709847,Cossypha niveicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,niveicapilla,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22709853,Cossypha albicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,albicapillus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",

Cossypha albicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as C. albicapilla

22709864,Cichladusa arquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cichladusa,arquata,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 22709870,Cichladusa ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cichladusa,ruficauda,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)", 22709891,Tychaedon quadrivirgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tychaedon,quadrivirgata,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1879)",

Tychaedon quadrivirgata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia quadrivirgata.

 

22709900,Tychaedon barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tychaedon,barbata,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)",

Tychaedon barbata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia barbata.

 

22709927,Cercotrichas leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cercotrichas,leucophrys,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",

Cercotrichas leucophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia leucophrys.

22709949,Cercotrichas paena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cercotrichas,paena,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)",

Cercotrichas paena (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia paena.

22709958,Tychaedon coryphoeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tychaedon,coryphoeus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)",

Tychaedon coryphoeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia coryphaeus.

22709974,Melaenornis herero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,herero,,,,,"(Meyer de Schauensee, 1931)",

Melaenornis herero (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Namibornis herero.

22710006,Kittacincla nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Kittacincla,nigra,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)",

Kittacincla nigra (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Copsychus niger.

22710009,Kittacincla cebuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Kittacincla,cebuensis,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)",

Kittacincla cebuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Copsychus cebuensis.

22710012,Trichixos pyrropygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Trichixos,pyrropygus,,,,,"Lesson, 1839", 22710030,Phoenicurus alaschanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,alaschanicus,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1876)", 22710043,Phoenicurus coeruleocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,coeruleocephala,,,,,"Vigors, 1831","

Phoenicurus coeruleocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as P. caeruleocephala following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710060,Phoenicurus hodgsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,hodgsoni,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)", 22710063,Phoenicurus schisticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,schisticeps,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22710066,Phoenicurus auroreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,auroreus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 22710084,Phoenicurus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,frontalis,,,,,"Vigors, 1832", 22710087,Phoenicurus leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)","

Phoenicurus leucocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Chaimarrornis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22710092,Phoenicurus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)","

Phoenicurus fuliginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Rhyacornis and listed as R. fuliginosa following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710117,Cinclidium frontale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cinclidium,frontale,,,,,"Blyth, 1842", 22710126,Enicurus velatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Enicurus,velatus,,,,,"Temminck, 1822", 22710129,Enicurus ruficapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Enicurus,ruficapillus,,,,,"Temminck, 1823", 22710132,Enicurus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Enicurus,immaculatus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22710135,Enicurus schistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Enicurus,schistaceus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22710138,Enicurus leschenaulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Enicurus,leschenaulti,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22710141,Enicurus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Enicurus,maculatus,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22710144,Cochoa purpurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cochoa,purpurea,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22710147,Cochoa viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cochoa,viridis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22710197,Saxicola tectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,tectes,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22710202,Saxicola leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,leucurus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)", 22710209,Saxicola caprata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,caprata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22710214,Saxicola jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,jerdoni,,,,,"(Blyth, 1867)", 22710231,Campicoloides bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Campicoloides,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1829)","

Campicoloides bifasciatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oenanthe and listed as O. bifasciata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710238,Oenanthe leucopyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,leucopyga,,,,,"(Brehm, 1855)", 22710263,Myrmecocichla monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myrmecocichla,monticola,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Myrmecocichla monticola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oenanthe following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

 

" 22710268,Oenanthe phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,phillipsi,,,,,"(Shelley, 1885)", 22710329,Oenanthe pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,pileata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22710354,Emarginata sinuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Emarginata,sinuata,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1858)","

Emarginata sinuata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710359,Emarginata schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Emarginata,schlegelii,,,,,"(Wahlberg, 1855)","

Emarginata schlegelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710363,Emarginata tractrac,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Emarginata,tractrac,,,,,"(Wilkes, 1817)","

Emarginata tractrac (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710371,Oenanthe scotocerca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,scotocerca,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1869)","

Oenanthe scotocerca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710385,Oenanthe melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,melanura,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)","

Oenanthe melanura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710389,Pinarochroa sordida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Pinarochroa,sordida,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)","

Pinarochroa sordida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710416,Myrmecocichla nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myrmecocichla,nigra,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22710420,Myrmecocichla melaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myrmecocichla,melaena,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 22710426,Oenanthe albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,albifrons,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)","

Oenanthe albifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Myrmecocichla following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710457,Monticola semirufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,semirufus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 22710478,Pinarornis plumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Pinarornis,plumosus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876", 22710482,Aplonis zelandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,zelandica,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22710490,Aplonis pelzelni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,pelzelni,,,,,"Finsch, 1876", 22710493,Aplonis atrifusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,atrifusca,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22710496,Aplonis corvina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,corvina,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1833)", 22710499,Aplonis mavornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,mavornata,,,,,"Buller, 1887", 22710502,Aplonis cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,cinerascens,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871", 22710511,Aplonis fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,fusca,,,,,"Gould, 1836", 22710519,Aplonis opaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,opaca,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1833)", 22710534,Aplonis insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,insularis,,,,,"Mayr, 1931", 22710540,Aplonis dichroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,dichroa,,,,,"(Tristram, 1895)", 22710547,Aplonis minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,minor,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22710550,Aplonis panayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,panayensis,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1783)", 22710559,Aplonis magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,magna,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)", 22710579,Poeoptera stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Poeoptera,stuhlmanni,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1893)", 22710583,Poeoptera kenricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Poeoptera,kenricki,,,,,"Shelley, 1894", 22710591,Grafisia torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Grafisia,torquata,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1909)", 22710595,Onychognathus walleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,walleri,,,,,"(Shelley, 1880)", 22710600,Onychognathus nabouroup,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,nabouroup,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22710614,Onychognathus blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,blythii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1859)", 22710624,Onychognathus fulgidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,fulgidus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1849", 22710629,Onychognathus tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,tenuirostris,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1836)", 22710634,Onychognathus albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,albirostris,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1836)", 22710638,Onychognathus salvadorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,salvadorii,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1891)", 22710642,Lamprotornis iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,iris,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1879)",

Lamprotornis iris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coccycolius iris.

22710661,Notopholia corusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Notopholia,corusca,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1835)",

Notopholia corusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lamprotornis corruscus.

22710682,Lamprotornis chalcurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,chalcurus,,,,,"Nordmann, 1835", 22710689,Lamprotornis chalybaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,chalybaeus,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1828", 22710710,Lamprotornis acuticaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,acuticaudus,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1870)", 103871956,Lamprotornis mevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,mevesii,,,,,"(Wahlberg, 1856)","

Lamprotornis mevesii, L. violacior and L. benguelensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. mevesii following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710744,Lamprotornis caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,caudatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22710751,Lamprotornis purpuroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,purpuroptera,,,,,"Rüppell, 1845", 22710775,Lamprotornis shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,shelleyi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1890)", 22710779,Lamprotornis hildebrandti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,hildebrandti,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1878)", 22710795,Speculipastor bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Speculipastor,bicolor,,,,,"Reichenow, 1879", 22710799,Neocichla gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Neocichla,gutturalis,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1871)", 22710804,Lamprotornis fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,fischeri,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1884)",

Lamprotornis fischeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Spreo fischeri.

22710808,Lamprotornis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,bicolor,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",

Lamprotornis bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Spreo bicolor.

22710813,Lamprotornis albicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,albicapillus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)",

Lamprotornis albicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Spreo albicapillus.

22710817,Lamprotornis regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,regius,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1879)",

Lamprotornis regius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cosmopsarus regius.

22710821,Lamprotornis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,unicolor,,,,,"(Shelley, 1881)",

Lamprotornis unicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cosmopsarus unicolor.

22710829,Saroglossa spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Saroglossa,spilopterus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",

Saroglossa spilopterus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Saroglossa spiloptera.

22710832,Creatophora cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Creatophora,cinerea,,,,,"(Meuschen, 1787)", 22710836,Necropsar rodericanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Necropsar,rodericanus,,,,,"Slater, 1879", 22710840,Fregilupus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Fregilupus,varius,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22710844,Sturnornis albofrontatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sturnornis,albofrontatus,,,,,"(Layard, 1854)",

Sturnornis albofrontatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus albofrontatus.

22710858,Sturnia malabarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sturnia,malabarica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",

Sturnia malabarica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus malabaricus.

22710870,Agropsar sturninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Agropsar,sturninus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)",

Agropsar sturninus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus sturninus.

22710877,Sturnia sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sturnia,sinensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",

Sturnia sinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus sinensis.

22710896,Spodiopsar cineraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Spodiopsar,cineraceus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)",

Spodiopsar cineraceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus cineraceus.

22710903,Gracupica nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracupica,nigricollis,,,,,"(Paykull, 1807)",

Gracupica nigricollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus nigricollis.

103870359,Acridotheres burmannicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,burmannicus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1862)","

Acridotheres burmannicus and A. leucocpehalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Sturnus burmannicus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22710932,Acridotheres fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,fuscus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 103871222,Acridotheres grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,grandis,,,,,"Moore, 1858","

Acridotheres grandis and A. javanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. grandis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22710946,Acridotheres cristatellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,cristatellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 103878613,Mino dumontii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Mino,dumontii,,,,,"Lesson, 1827","

Mino dumontii and M. kreffti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as M. dumontii following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22710965,Basilornis corythaix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Basilornis,corythaix,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22710968,Goodfellowia miranda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Goodfellowia,miranda,,,,,"Hartert, 1903",

Goodfellowia miranda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Basilornis mirandus.

22710985,Sarcops calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sarcops,calvus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22710997,Enodes erythrophris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Enodes,erythrophris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22711013,Dumetella carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Dumetella,carolinensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22711017,Melanoptila glabrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Melanoptila,glabrirostris,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22711032,Mimus gundlachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,gundlachii,,,,,"Cabanis, 1855", 22711038,Mimus patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,patagonicus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22711044,Mimus triurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,triurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22711047,Mimus longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,longicaudatus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844", 22711096,Oreoscoptes montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Oreoscoptes,montanus,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)", 22711099,Toxostoma rufum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,rufum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22711102,Toxostoma longirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,longirostre,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22711124,Toxostoma redivivum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,redivivum,,,,,"(Gambel, 1845)", 22711127,Toxostoma crissale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,crissale,,,,,"Henry, 1858", 22711133,Cinclocerthia gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Cinclocerthia,gutturalis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22711155,Sitta nagaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,nagaensis,,,,,"Godwin-Austen, 1874", 22711158,Sitta cashmirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,cashmirensis,,,,,"Brooks, 1871", 22711164,Sitta himalayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,himalayensis,,,,,"Jardine & Selby, 1835", 22711167,Sitta victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,victoriae,,,,,"Rippon, 1904", 22711170,Sitta pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,pygmaea,,,,,"Vigors, 1839", 103881613,Sitta pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,pusilla,,,,,"Latham, 1790","

Sitta pusilla and S. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. pusilla following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22711184,Sitta krueperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,krueperi,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1863", 22711188,Sitta villosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,villosa,,,,,"Verreaux, 1865", 103881719,Sitta leucopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,leucopsis,,,,,"Gould, 1850","

Sitta leucopsis and S. przewalskii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. leucopsis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22711202,Sitta carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,carolinensis,,,,,"Latham, 1790", 22711216,Sitta frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,frontalis,,,,,"Swainson, 1820", 22711225,Sitta azurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,azurea,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 22711253,Certhia himalayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,himalayana,,,,,"Vigors, 1832", 22711257,Certhia nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,nipalensis,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 103882026,Salpornis spilonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Salpornis,spilonota,,,,,"(Franklin, 1831)","

Salpornis spilonota and S. salvadori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. spilonotus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22711319,Campylorhynchus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,nuchalis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1847", 22711351,Cinnycerthia unirufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cinnycerthia,unirufa,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)", 103886997,Cistothorus platensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cistothorus,platensis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","

Cistothorus platensis and C. stellaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. platensis (see AOU [1998 & supplements]; SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]).

 

" 103888269,Pheugopedius euophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,euophrys,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)","

Pheugopedius euophrys and P. schulenbergi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Thryothorus euophrys following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22711407,Pheugopedius eisenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,eisenmanni,,,,,"(Parker & O'Neill, 1985)",

Pheugopedius eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus eisenmanni.

 

22711435,Cantorchilus semibadius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,semibadius,,,,,"(Salvin, 1870)",

Cantorchilus semibadius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus semibadius.

22711470,Cantorchilus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,superciliaris,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1869)",

Cantorchilus superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus superciliaris.

22711479,Cantorchilus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,griseus,,,,,"(Todd, 1925)",

Cantorchilus griseus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus griseus.

22711500,Troglodytes ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,ochraceus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1882", 22711506,Troglodytes solstitialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,solstitialis,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 103889800,Henicorhina leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Henicorhina,leucophrys,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Henicorhina leucophrys and H. anachoreta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. leucophrys following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22711537,Microcerculus philomela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Microcerculus,philomela,,,,,"(Salvin, 1861)", 22711542,Microcerculus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Microcerculus,marginatus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)", 22711547,Microcerculus ustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Microcerculus,ustulatus,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1883", 103889880,Cyphorhinus thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cyphorhinus,thoracicus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844","

Cyphorhinus thoracicus and C. dichrous (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. thoracicus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22711560,Cyphorhinus arada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cyphorhinus,arada,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22711571,Microbates collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Microbates,collaris,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22711574,Microbates cinereiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Microbates,cinereiventris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)", 22711581,Polioptila caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,caerulea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22711591,Polioptila lembeyei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,lembeyei,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1858)", 22711605,Polioptila lactea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,lactea,,,,,"Sharpe, 1885", 22711625,Remiz coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Remiz,coronatus,,,,,"(Severtsov, 1873)", 22711639,Anthoscopus punctifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Anthoscopus,punctifrons,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)", 22711653,Anthoscopus musculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Anthoscopus,musculus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1882)", 22731087,Anthoscopus caroli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Anthoscopus,caroli,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1871)",

Anthoscopus caroli and A. sylviella (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. caroli following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22711679,Anthoscopus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Anthoscopus,minutus,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1812)", 22711685,Cephalopyrus flammiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Cephalopyrus,flammiceps,,,,,"(Burton, 1836)", 22711688,Pholidornis rushiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Pholidornis,rushiae,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)", 22711708,Poecile carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,carolinensis,,,,,"(Audubon, 1834)",Poecile carolinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus carolinensis. 22711740,Poecile superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,superciliosus,,,,,"Przewalski, 1876",Poecile superciliosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus superciliosus. 22711745,Poecile davidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,davidi,,,,,"(Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891)",Poecile davidi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus davidi. 22711759,Poecile hudsonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,hudsonicus,,,,,"(Forster, 1772)",Poecile hudsonicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus hudsonicus. 22711767,Poecile rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,rufescens,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)",Poecile rufescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus rufescens. 22711775,Periparus rufonuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Periparus,rufonuchalis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)",

Periparus rufonuchalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus rufonuchalis.

22711780,Periparus rubidiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Periparus,rubidiventris,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)",

Periparus rubidiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus rubidiventris.

22711795,Pardaliparus venustulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Pardaliparus,venustulus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)",

Pardaliparus venustulus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus venustulus.

22711800,Pardaliparus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Pardaliparus,elegans,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)",

Pardaliparus elegans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus elegans.

22711805,Pardaliparus amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Pardaliparus,amabilis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)",

Pardaliparus amabilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus amabilis.

22711815,Lophophanes dichrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Lophophanes,dichrous,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)",

Lophophanes dichrous (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus dichrous.

22711839,Melaniparus albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,albiventris,,,,,"(Shelley, 1881)",

Melaniparus albiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus albiventris.

22711845,Melaniparus leuconotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,leuconotus,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)",

Melaniparus leuconotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus leuconotus.

22711852,Melaniparus funereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,funereus,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)",

Melaniparus funereus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus funereus.

103762287,Melaniparus rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,rufiventris,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1877)",

Melaniparus rufiventris and M. pallidiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus rufiventris following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22711869,Melaniparus fringillinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,fringillinus,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)",

Melaniparus fringillinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus fringillinus.

22711875,Melaniparus fasciiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,fasciiventer,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1893)",

Melaniparus fasciiventer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus fasciiventer.

22711881,Melaniparus thruppi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,thruppi,,,,,"(Shelley, 1885)",

Melaniparus thruppi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus thruppi.

22711889,Melaniparus griseiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,griseiventris,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1882)",Melaniparus griseiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus griseiventris. 22711896,Melaniparus cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,cinerascens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",

Melaniparus cinerascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus cinerascens.

22711902,Melaniparus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,afer,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",

Melaniparus afer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus afer.

22711919,Parus monticolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Parus,monticolus,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22711934,Machlolophus spilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Machlolophus,spilonotus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",

Machlolophus spilonotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus spilonotus.

22711939,Machlolophus holsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Machlolophus,holsti,,,,,"(Seebohm, 1894)",Machlolophus holsti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus holsti. 22711969,Baeolophus wollweberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Baeolophus,wollweberi,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22711983,Baeolophus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Baeolophus,bicolor,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22711998,Sylviparus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Sylviparus,modestus,,,,,"Burton, 1836", 22712001,Melanochlora sultanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melanochlora,sultanea,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)", 22712008,Aegithalos leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,leucogenys,,,,,"(Horsfield & Moore, 1854)", 103870880,Aegithalos concinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,concinnus,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)","

Aegithalos concinnus, A. iredalei and A. annamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. concinnus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712016,Aegithalos niveogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,niveogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)", 22712032,Psaltria exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Psaltria,exilis,,,,,"Temminck, 1836", 22712036,Pseudochelidon eurystomina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Pseudochelidon,eurystomina,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1861", 22712057,Tachycineta bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,bicolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1808)", 22712065,Tachycineta albiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,albiventer,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22712068,Tachycineta leucorrhoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,leucorrhoa,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22712098,Progne subis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,subis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22712101,Progne cryptoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,cryptoleuca,,,,,"Baird, 1865", 22712104,Progne dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,dominicensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22712119,Orochelidon murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Orochelidon,murina,,,,,"(Cassin, 1853)",

Orochelidon murina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Notiochelidon murina.

 

22712131,Orochelidon flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Orochelidon,flavipes,,,,,"(Chapman, 1922)",

Orochelidon flavipes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Notiochelidon flavipes.

 

22712137,Atticora fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Atticora,fasciata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22712165,Cheramoeca leucosterna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Cheramoeca,leucosterna,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 103815402,Riparia paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Riparia,paludicola,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Riparia paludicola, R. cowani and R. chinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. paludicola following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712189,Riparia congica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Riparia,congica,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)", 22712198,Phedina borbonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Phedina,borbonica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 104005679,Ptyonoprogne fuligula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Ptyonoprogne,fuligula,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1842","

Ptyonoprogne fuligula and P. rufigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hirundo fuligula following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712246,Ptyonoprogne concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Ptyonoprogne,concolor,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)",

Ptyonoprogne concolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo concolor.

 

22712266,Hirundo aethiopica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,aethiopica,,,,,"Blanford, 1869", 22712272,Hirundo angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,angolensis,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1868", 22712299,Hirundo smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,smithii,,,,,"Leach, 1818", 22712305,Hirundo nigrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,nigrita,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 22712312,Hirundo nigrorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,nigrorufa,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1877", 22712324,Hirundo leucosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,leucosoma,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22712336,Hirundo dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,dimidiata,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 22712342,Cecropis cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Cecropis,cucullata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",

Cecropis cucullata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo cucullata.

 

22712365,Cecropis senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Cecropis,senegalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",

Cecropis senegalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo senegalensis.

 

22712390,Petrochelidon perdita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,perdita,,,,,"(Fry & Smith, 1985)",

Petrochelidon perdita (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo perdita.

 

22712398,Petrochelidon preussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,preussi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1898)",

Petrochelidon preussi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo preussi.

22712405,Petrochelidon rufigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,rufigula,,,,,"(Bocage, 1878)",

Petrochelidon rufigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo rufigula.

22712427,Petrochelidon pyrrhonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,pyrrhonota,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22712441,Petrochelidon rufocollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,rufocollaris,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22712458,Petrochelidon fluvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,fluvicola,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)",

Petrochelidon fluvicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo fluvicola.

 

22712463,Petrochelidon ariel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,ariel,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)",

Petrochelidon ariel (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo ariel.

 

22712491,Delichon dasypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Delichon,dasypus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22712496,Delichon nipalense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Delichon,nipalense,,,,,"Horsfield & Moore, 1854", 22712504,Psalidoprocne nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Psalidoprocne,nitens,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)", 22712509,Psalidoprocne fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Psalidoprocne,fuliginosa,,,,,"Shelley, 1887", 22712515,Psalidoprocne albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Psalidoprocne,albiceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1864", 22712562,Psalidoprocne obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Psalidoprocne,obscura,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)", 22712580,Regulus goodfellowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REGULIDAE,Regulus,goodfellowi,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1906", 22712597,Spizixos canifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Spizixos,canifrons,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22712600,Spizixos semitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Spizixos,semitorques,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1961", 22712607,Alcurus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alcurus,striatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)","A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) has indicated that Striated Bulbul is sister to a large clade of several robust genera and is moved to its own genus, Alcurus Blyth, 1842. Therefore it becomes Alcurus striatus (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019)." 22712610,Hemixos leucogrammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hemixos,leucogrammicus,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)","A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommended transferring Cream-striped Bulbul to Hemixos, which results in Hemixos leucogrammicus (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BIrdLife International 2019)." 22712613,Pycnonotus tympanistrigus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,tympanistrigus,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)", 22712616,Microtarsus melanoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Microtarsus,melanoleucos,,,,,"Eyton, 1839",

Microtarsus melanoleucos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pycnonotus melanoleucos.

 

22712619,Brachypodius priocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Brachypodius,priocephalus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)",

Brachypodius priocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pycnonotus priocephalus.

 

103836079,Brachypodius atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Brachypodius,atriceps,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)","

Brachypodius atriceps and B. fuscoflavescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pycnonotus atriceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103825842,Rubigula melanictera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Rubigula,melanictera,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that the five species previously lumped as Pycnonotus melanicterus be moved into the genus Rubigula (Blyth, 1845), consequently R. melanictera, R. gularis, R. flaviventris, R. dispar and R. montis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted.

Pycnonotus melanicterus, P. gularis, P. flaviventris, P. dispar and P. montis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. melanicterus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712628,Ixidia squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixidia,squamata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)","A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that Pycnonotus squamatus, P. cyaniventris and P. erythropthalmos are moved into the genus Ixidia Blyth, 1846 ('Ixidea' is an error in Shakya and Sheldon 2017, citing Fishpool and Tobias [2005] who use Ixidia), consequently I. squamata, I. cyaniventris and I. erythropthalmos (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted." 22712631,Ixidia cyaniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixidia,cyaniventris,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)","A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that Pycnonotus squamatus, P. cyaniventris and P. erythropthalmos are moved into the genus Ixidia Blyth, 1846 ('Ixidea' is an error in Shakya and Sheldon 2017, citing Fishpool and Tobias [2005] who use Ixidia), consequently I. squamata, I. cyaniventris and I. erythropthalmos (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted." 22712640,Pycnonotus xanthorrhous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,xanthorrhous,,,,,"Anderson, 1869", 22712677,Pycnonotus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,capensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22712690,Pycnonotus leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,leucogenys,,,,,"(Gray, 1835)", 22712699,Pycnonotus aurigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,aurigaster,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22712702,Euptilotus eutilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Euptilotus,eutilotus,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1837)",

Euptilotus eutilotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pycnonotus eutilotus.

 

22712710,Poliolophus urostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Poliolophus,urostictus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1870)",

Poliolophus urostictus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pycnonotus urostictus.

 

103833866,Pycnonotus finlaysoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,finlaysoni,,,,,"Strickland, 1844","

Pycnonotus finlaysoni and P. davisoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. finlaysoni following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712719,Pycnonotus xantholaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,xantholaemus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1845)", 103834344,Pycnonotus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,flavescens,,,,,"Blyth, 1845","

Pycnonotus flavescens and P. leucops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. flavescens following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712728,Pycnonotus luteolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,luteolus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1841)", 22712731,Pycnonotus goiavier,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,goiavier,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 103834549,Pycnonotus plumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,plumosus,,,,,"Blyth, 1845","

Pycnonotus plumosus and P. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. plumosus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712737,Pycnonotus blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,blanfordi,,,,,"Jerdon, 1862", 22712743,Pycnonotus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,brunneus,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22712747,Ixidia erythropthalmos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixidia,erythropthalmos,,,,,"(Hume, 1878)","A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that Pycnonotus squamatus, P. cyaniventris and P. erythropthalmos are moved into the genus Ixidia Blyth, 1846 ('Ixidea' is an error in Shakya and Sheldon 2017, citing Fishpool and Tobias [2005] who use Ixidia), consequently I. squamata, I. cyaniventris and I. erythropthalmos (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted." 22712786,Eurillas curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Eurillas,curvirostris,,,,,"(Cassin, 1860)", 22712791,Stelgidillas gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Stelgidillas,gracilirostris,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)",

Stelgidillas gracilirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus gracilirostris.

 

22712804,Arizelocichla tephrolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,tephrolaema,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)",

Arizelocichla tephrolaema (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus tephrolaemus.

 

22712841,Baeopogon clamans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Baeopogon,clamans,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1893)", 103817373,Atimastillas flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Atimastillas,flavicollis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)","

Atimastillas flavicollis and A. falvigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Chlorocichla flavicollis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712860,Chlorocichla falkensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Chlorocichla,falkensteini,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1874)", 22712869,Chlorocichla laetissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Chlorocichla,laetissima,,,,,"Sharpe, 1899", 22712873,Chlorocichla prigoginei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Chlorocichla,prigoginei,,,,,"De Roo, 1967", 22712896,Phyllastrephus fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,fischeri,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1879)", 22712905,Phyllastrephus terrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,terrestris,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22712910,Phyllastrephus strepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,strepitans,,,,,"Reichenow, 1879", 22712914,Phyllastrephus fulviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,fulviventris,,,,,"Cabanis, 1876", 22712919,Phyllastrephus cerviniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,cerviniventris,,,,,"Shelley, 1894", 22712930,Phyllastrephus poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,poensis,,,,,"Alexander, 1903", 22712935,Phyllastrephus hypochloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,hypochloris,,,,,"(Jackson, 1906)", 103819468,Phyllastrephus albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,albigularis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1881)","

Phyllastrephus albigularis and P. viridiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. albigularis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712981,Phyllastrephus xavieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,xavieri,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1892)", 22712985,Bernieria madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Bernieria,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22713039,Xanthomixis cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Xanthomixis,cinereiceps,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1881)",

Xanthomixis cinereiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bernieria cinereiceps.

22713056,Bleda syndactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Bleda,syndactylus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22713105,Nicator vireo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NICATORIDAE,Nicator,vireo,,,,,"Cabanis, 1876", 22713115,Criniger chloronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Criniger,chloronotus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1860)", 22713137,Iole finschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Iole,finschii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1871)",A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) suggests that Finsch's Bulbul appears better placed within Iole. Consequently I. finschii (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) is accepted. 22713140,Alophoixus flaveolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,flaveolus,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)", 103821072,Alophoixus ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,ochraceus,,,,,"Moore, 1854","

Alophoixus ochraceus and A. ruficrissus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. ochraceus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22713152,Alophoixus phaeocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,phaeocephalus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)", 103838632,Hypsipetes affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,affinis,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22713158,Setornis criniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Setornis,criniger,,,,,"Lesson, 1839", 22713161,Tricholestes criniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Tricholestes,criniger,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 22713167,Iole propinqua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Iole,propinqua,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1903)", 22713170,Iole charlottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Iole,charlottae,,,,,"(Finsch, 1867)",

Iole charlottae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as I. olivacea.

 

22713173,Acritillas indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Acritillas,indica,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)",

Acritillas indica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Iole indica.

 

22713176,Iole palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Iole,palawanensis,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)",

Iole palawanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ixos palawanensis.

 

103823433,Hypsipetes everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,everetti,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1877)","

Hypsipetes everetti, H. catarmanensis and H. haynaldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Ixos everetti following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22713198,Ixos malaccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixos,malaccensis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 103822632,Hemixos flavala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hemixos,flavala,,,,,"Blyth, 1845","

Hemixos flavala , H. cinereus and H. connectens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. flavala following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22713204,Hemixos castanonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hemixos,castanonotus,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1870", 22713207,Ixos mcclellandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixos,mcclellandii,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1840)",

Ixos mcclellandii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hypsipetes mcclellandii.

 

22713219,Hypsipetes crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,crassirostris,,,,,"Newton, 1867", 22713239,Hypsipetes olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,olivaceus,,,,,"Jardine & Selby, 1835", 103823996,Hypsipetes leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Hypsipetes leucocephalus and H. ganeesa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. leucocephalus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22713250,Ixos nicobariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixos,nicobariensis,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)",

Ixos nicobariensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hypsipetes nicobariensis.

 

22713253,Hypsipetes thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,thompsoni,,,,,"Bingham, 1900","

Hypsipetes thompsoni (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) was previously listed as Cerasophila thompsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). Following a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017), the species has been returned to the genus in which it was formerly placed.

" 22713260,Malia grata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Malia,grata,,,,,"Schlegel, 1880", 22713268,Cisticola erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,erythrops,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)", 22713279,Cisticola cantans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,cantans,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1869)", 22713283,Cisticola lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,lateralis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 22713287,Cisticola anonymus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,anonymus,,,,,"(von Müller, 1855)", 22713291,Cisticola woosnami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,woosnami,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1908", 22713295,Cisticola bulliens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,bulliens,,,,,"Lynes, 1930", 22713309,Cisticola hunteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,hunteri,,,,,"Shelley, 1889", 22713313,Cisticola nigriloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,nigriloris,,,,,"Shelley, 1897", 103775454,Cisticola aberrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,aberrans,,,,,"(Smith, 1843)",

Cisticola aberrans and C. bailunduensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. aberrans following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22713329,Cisticola bodessa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,bodessa,,,,,"Mearns, 1913", 22713333,Cisticola chiniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,chiniana,,,,,"(Smith, 1843)", 22713340,Cisticola cinereolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,cinereolus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1888", 22713344,Cisticola ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,ruficeps,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1827)", 22713365,Cisticola rufilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,rufilatus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1870)", 22713370,Cisticola subruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,subruficapilla,,,,,"(Smith, 1843)", 22713383,Cisticola lais,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,lais,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870)", 22713401,Cisticola njombe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,njombe,,,,,"Lynes, 1933", 22713411,Cisticola pipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,pipiens,,,,,"Lynes, 1930", 22713415,Cisticola carruthersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,carruthersi,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1909", 22713419,Cisticola tinniens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,tinniens,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1842)", 22713430,Cisticola robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,robustus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)", 22713444,Cisticola fulvicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,fulvicapilla,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22713453,Cisticola angusticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,angusticauda,,,,,"Reichenow, 1891", 22713459,Cisticola melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,melanurus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1882)", 22713483,Cisticola troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,troglodytes,,,,,"(Antinori, 1864)", 22713487,Cisticola nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,nana,,,,,"Fischer & Reichenow, 1884",

Cisticola nana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as C. nanus.

22713500,Cisticola haesitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,haesitatus,,,,,"(Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881)", 22713508,Cisticola cherina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,cherina,,,,,"(Smith, 1843)", 22713515,Cisticola aridulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,aridulus,,,,,"Witherby, 1900", 22713540,Cisticola ayresii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,ayresii,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1863", 22713544,Cisticola exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,exilis,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 103879454,Rhopophilus pekinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Rhopophilus,pekinensis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1868)","

The genus Rhopophilus has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019).

Until recently (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was considered conspecific with R. albosuperciliaris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) but treated as separate species following Leader et al. (2013) (see related note/s). Proposed subspecies leptorhynchus (from E Qinghai and Gansu) rather weakly defined; recent review (Leader et al. 2013) supports treatment as synonym. Monotypic.

" 22713564,Prinia crinigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,crinigera,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22713572,Prinia polychroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,polychroa,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)", 22713578,Prinia cinereocapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,cinereocapilla,,,,,"Hodgson, 1854", 22713581,Prinia buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,buchanani,,,,,"Blyth, 1844", 22713584,Prinia rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,rufescens,,,,,"Blyth, 1847", 22713587,Prinia hodgsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,hodgsonii,,,,,"Blyth, 1844", 103777145,Prinia flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,flaviventris,,,,,"(Delessert, 1840)","

Prinia flaviventris and P. sonitans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. flaviventris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713604,Prinia socialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,socialis,,,,,"Sykes, 1832", 22713607,Prinia subflava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,subflava,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22713611,Prinia somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,somalica,,,,,"(Elliot, 1897)", 22713615,Prinia inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,inornata,,,,,"Sykes, 1832", 22713622,Prinia flavicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,flavicans,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1820)", 22713626,Prinia maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,maculosa,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22713643,Schistolais leucopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Schistolais,leucopogon,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1875)",

Schistolais leucopogon (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Prinia leucopogon.

22713647,Prinia bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,bairdii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)", 22713658,Phragmacia substriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Phragmacia,substriata,,,,,"(Smith, 1842)", 22713663,Oreophilais robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Oreophilais,robertsi,,,,,"(Benson, 1946)",

Oreophilais robertsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Prinia robertsi.

22713671,Prinia erythroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,erythroptera,,,,,"(Jardine, 1849)",

Prinia erythroptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Heliolais erythropterus.

22713680,Malcorus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Malcorus,pectoralis,,,,,"Smith, 1829", 22713684,Drymocichla incana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Drymocichla,incana,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1881", 22713688,Urolais epichlorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Urolais,epichlorus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)", 22713703,Oreolais pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Oreolais,pulcher,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1891)",

Oreolais pulcher (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Oreolais pulchra.

22713708,Oreolais ruwenzorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Oreolais,ruwenzorii,,,,,"Jackson, 1904", 22713746,Apalis personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,personata,,,,,"Sharpe, 1902", 103772612,Apalis flavida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,flavida,,,,,"(Strickland, 1852)",

Apalis flavida and A. flavocincta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. flavida following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22713788,Apalis bamendae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,bamendae,,,,,"Bannerman, 1922", 22713792,Apalis goslingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,goslingi,,,,,"Alexander, 1908", 22713806,Apalis chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,chapini,,,,,"Friedmann, 1928", 22713834,Prinia rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,rufifrons,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840",

Prinia rufifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Spiloptila rufifrons.

22713842,Hypergerus atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Hypergerus,atriceps,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 103774592,Camaroptera brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Camaroptera,brachyura,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1820)",

Camaroptera brachyura and C. harterti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. brachyura following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22713868,Camaroptera superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Camaroptera,superciliaris,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 103774800,Camaroptera chloronota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Camaroptera,chloronota,,,,,"Reichenow, 1895","

Camaroptera chloronota and C. toroensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. chloronota following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713876,Calamonastes simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Calamonastes,simplex,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1878)",

Calamonastes simplex (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Camaroptera simplex.

103773990,Calamonastes undosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Calamonastes,undosus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1882)",

Calamonastes undosus and C. stierlingi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Camaroptera undosa following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22713890,Calamonastes fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Calamonastes,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1847)",

Calamonastes fasciolatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Camaroptera fasciolata.

22713899,Euryptila subcinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Euryptila,subcinnamomea,,,,,"(Smith, 1847)", 22713904,Zosterops melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,melanocephalus,,,,,"Gray, 1862",

Zosterops melanocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Speirops melanocephalus.

22713915,Zosterops brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,brunneus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1903)",

Zosterops brunneus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Speirops brunneus.

22713939,Zosterops vaughani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,vaughani,,,,,"Bannerman, 1924", 22713944,Zosterops mayottensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,mayottensis,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22713976,Zosterops mouroniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,mouroniensis,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885", 22714023,Zosterops ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,ceylonensis,,,,,"Holdsworth, 1872", 22714027,Zosterops erythropleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,erythropleurus,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1863", 22714037,Zosterops meyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,meyeni,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22714053,Zosterops hypolais,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,hypolais,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872", 22714060,Zosterops atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,atricapilla,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879", 22714100,Zosterops grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,grayi,,,,,"Wallace, 1864", 22714103,Zosterops uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,uropygialis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1874", 22714107,Zosterops consobrinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,consobrinorum,,,,,"Meyer, 1904", 22714110,Zosterops anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,anomalus,,,,,"Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896", 22714115,Heleia wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,wallacei,,,,,"(Finsch, 1901)",

Heleia wallacei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zosterops wallacei.

22714119,Zosterops atrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,atrifrons,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1910", 22714124,Zosterops atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,atriceps,,,,,"Gray, 1860", 103891968,Zosterops minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,minor,,,,,"Meyer, 1874","

Zosterops minor and Z. chrysolaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. minor following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22714136,Zosterops hypoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,hypoxanthus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1881", 22714140,Zosterops mysorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,mysorensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 103891978,Zosterops fuscicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,fuscicapilla,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875","

Zosterops fuscicapilla and Z. crookshanki (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. fuscicapilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22714151,Zosterops buruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,buruensis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1878", 22714159,Zosterops novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,novaeguineae,,,,,"Salvadori, 1878", 22714163,Zosterops luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,luteus,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22714168,Zosterops griseotinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,griseotinctus,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22714176,Zosterops vellalavella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,vellalavella,,,,,"Hartert, 1908", 22714191,Zosterops kulambangrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,kulambangrae,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1901", 22714196,Zosterops murphyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,murphyi,,,,,"Hartert, 1929", 22714199,Zosterops metcalfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,metcalfii,,,,,"Tristram, 1894", 22714205,Zosterops stresemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,stresemanni,,,,,"Mayr, 1931", 22714208,Zosterops sanctaecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,sanctaecrucis,,,,,"Tristram, 1894", 22714223,Zosterops strenuus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,strenuus,,,,,"Gould, 1855", 22714234,Zosterops inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,inornatus,,,,,"Layard, 1878", 22714238,Zosterops explorator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,explorator,,,,,"Layard, 1875", 22714242,Zosterops flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,flavifrons,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22714246,Zosterops xanthochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,xanthochroa,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22714254,Zosterops minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,minutus,,,,,"Layard, 1878", 22714258,Zosterops samoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,samoensis,,,,,"Murphy & Mathews, 1929", 22714261,Zosterops finschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,finschii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1868)", 22714271,Rukia longirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Rukia,longirostra,,,,,"(Takatsukasa & Yamashina, 1931)", 22714275,Rukia ruki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Rukia,ruki,,,,,"(Hartert, 1897)", 22714290,Madanga ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Madanga,ruficollis,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1923", 22714299,Heleia squamiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,squamiceps,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)",

Heleia squamiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lophozosterops squamiceps.

22714303,Heleia goodfellowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,goodfellowi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1903)",

Heleia goodfellowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lophozosterops goodfellowi.

22714311,Heleia pinaiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,pinaiae,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1912)",

Heleia pinaiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lophozosterops pinaiae.

22714319,Heleia squamifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,squamifrons,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)",

Heleia squamifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Oculocincta squamifrons.

22714323,Heleia crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,crassirostris,,,,,"(Hartert, 1897)", 22714327,Heleia muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,muelleri,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1865", 22714332,Zosterops emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,emiliae,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)",Chlorocharis emiliae has been moved into the genus Zosterops after Lim et al. (2019) confirmed that its genetic position is subsumed within Zosterops.  22714335,Zosterops superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,superciliosus,,,,,"(North, 1906)",

Zosterops superciliosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Woodfordia superciliosa.

22714338,Zosterops lacertosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,lacertosus,,,,,"(Murphy & Mathews, 1929)",

Zosterops lacertosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Woodfordia lacertosa.

22714344,Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Hypocryptadius,cinnamomeus,,,,,"Hartert, 1903", 22714347,Cettia castaneocoronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Cettia,castaneocoronata,,,,,"(Burton, 1836)",

Cettia castaneocoronata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Tesia castaneocoronata.

 

22714350,Tesia olivea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Tesia,olivea,,,,,"(McClelland, 1840)", 22714353,Tesia cyaniventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Tesia,cyaniventer,,,,,"Hodgson, 1837", 22714359,Tesia everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Tesia,everetti,,,,,"(Hartert, 1897)", 22714368,Urosphena squameiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Urosphena,squameiceps,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1863)", 22714371,Hemitesia pallidipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Hemitesia,pallidipes,,,,,"(Blanford, 1872)",

Hemitesia pallidipes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia pallidipes.

 

22714391,Horornis annae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,annae,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868)",

Horornis annae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia annae.

 

22714396,Horornis parens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,parens,,,,,"(Mayr, 1935)",

Horornis parens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia parens.

 

22714403,Horornis ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,ruficapilla,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1876)",

Horornis ruficapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia rufocapilla.

 

22714423,Cettia major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Cettia,major,,,,,"(Horsfield & Moore, 1854)", 22714440,Cettia brunnifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Cettia,brunnifrons,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)", 22714454,Bradypterus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,grandis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1917", 22714461,Bradypterus carpalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,carpalis,,,,,"Chapin, 1916", 22714475,Locustella alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,alfredi,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1890)",Previously placed in Bradypterus (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but moved to Locustella following Alström et al. (2018). Two subspecies recognized. 22714480,Bradypterus sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,sylvaticus,,,,,"Sundevall, 1860", 22714485,Bradypterus lopezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,lopezi,,,,,"(Alexander, 1903)", 22714497,Bradypterus barratti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,barratti,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876", 22714503,Bradypterus cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)", 22714510,Cryptillas victorini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Cryptillas,victorini,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1860)",

Cryptillas victorini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus victorini.

22714528,Locustella tacsanowskia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,tacsanowskia,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1871",

Locustella tacsanowskia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus tacsanowskia.

 

22714533,Locustella luteoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,luteoventris,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)",

Locustella luteoventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus luteoventris.

22714549,Locustella caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,caudata,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)",

Locustella caudata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus caudata.

22714559,Locustella castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,castanea,,,,,"(Büttikofer, 1893)",

Locustella castanea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus castanea.

22714564,Bradypterus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,brunneus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)",

Bradypterus brunneus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Dromaeocercus brunneus.

22714587,Nesillas aldabrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Nesillas,aldabrana,,,,,"Benson & Penny, 1968", 103778700,Nesillas typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Nesillas,typica,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)","

Nesillas typica (Schulenberg et al. [1993]) and N. longicaudata (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into N. typica following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 22714611,Nesillas brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Nesillas,brevicaudata,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1888)", 22714629,Thamnornis chloropetoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Thamnornis,chloropetoides,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)", 22714634,Melocichla mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Melocichla,mentalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 22714664,Helopsaltes certhiola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Helopsaltes,certhiola,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","As part of their overhaul of the Locustellidae (see below) Alström et al. (2018) introduced the generic name Helopsaltes to cover the monophyletic group of Locustella warbler species ochotensis, pleskei, certhiola, pryeri, fasciolata and amnicola (del Hoyo & Collar 2016). They found no morphological diagnostic characters, but identified a clear difference in voice. 
Has been considered elsewhere to be conspecific with either or both of H. ochotensis and H. pleskei (see both). Subspecies sparsimstriata intergrades with nominate in S Siberia (L Baikal area). Birds of Amurland (SE Siberia and NE China) sometimes separated as subspecies minor (Kennerley & Pearson 2010). Four subspecies recognized." 22714669,Helopsaltes ochotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Helopsaltes,ochotensis,,,,,"(Middendorff, 1853)","As part of their overhaul of the Locustellidae (see below) Alström et al. (2018) introduced the generic name Helopsaltes to cover the monophyletic group of Locustella warbler species ochotensis, pleskei, certhiola, pryeri, fasciolata and amnicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). They found no morphological diagnostic characters, but identified a clear difference in voice.Has elsewhere been considered conspecific with either or both of H. certhiola and H. pleskei. Hybridizes with former in E Russia (in lower Amur area and N Sakhalin), where apparently maintains stable intergrade populations, but elsewhere in range it exhibits a constant and distinctive suite of plumage, voice and behavioural characters. Birds of Kamchatka and N Kurils sometimes separated as subspecies subcerthiola (Kennerley & Pearson 2010), but here considered indistinguishable from birds elsewhere in range. Monotypic." 22714786,Acrocephalus syrinx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,syrinx,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1835)", 22714791,Acrocephalus rehsei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,rehsei,,,,,"(Finsch, 1883)", 22714797,Acrocephalus familiaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,familiaris,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1892)", 22714816,Acrocephalus atyphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,atyphus,,,,,"(Wetmore, 1919)", 22714821,Acrocephalus kerearako,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,kerearako,,,,,"Holyoak, 1974", 22714859,Acrocephalus gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,gracilirostris,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1864)", 22714865,Acrocephalus newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,newtoni,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1863)", 22714871,Arundinax aedon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Arundinax,aedon,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)",

Arundinax aedon (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Acrocephalus aedon.

22714874,Acrocephalus rodericanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,rodericanus,,,,,"(Newton, 1865)", 22714920,Iduna natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Iduna,natalensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1847)",

Iduna natalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Chloropeta natalensis.

22714927,Iduna similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Iduna,similis,,,,,"(Richmond, 1897)",

Iduna similis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Chloropeta similis.

22714939,Stenostira scita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Stenostira,scita,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22714944,Phyllolais pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Phyllolais,pulchella,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1827)", 22714982,Orthotomus sutorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,sutorius,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)", 22714985,Orthotomus atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,atrogularis,,,,,"Temminck, 1836", 103778504,Orthotomus castaneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,castaneiceps,,,,,"Walden, 1872","

Orthotomus castaneiceps and O. chloronotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. castaneiceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22714997,Orthotomus sericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,sericeus,,,,,"Temminck ,1836", 22715000,Orthotomus ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,ruficeps,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)","Has elsewhere been previously considered conspecific with O. sepium, but they behave as separate species where they meet (in Java) and are genetically distinct (Sheldon et al. 2012). For some time there was much confusion over the names of these two and O. sericeus; consequently, some statements in recent literature are incorrect or require reconfirmation. Nine subspecies recognized." 22715006,Orthotomus samarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,samarensis,,,,,"Steere, 1890", 22715009,Orthotomus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,nigriceps,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1878", 22715012,Orthotomus cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,cinereiceps,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877", 22715019,Graueria vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Graueria,vittata,,,,,"Hartert, 1908", 22715034,Eremomela flavicrissalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,flavicrissalis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1895", 22730969,Eremomela pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,pusilla,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1857",

Eremomela pusilla and E. canescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumedp as E. pusilla following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22715050,Eremomela scotops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,scotops,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 22715055,Eremomela gregalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,gregalis,,,,,"(Smith, 1829)", 22715086,Newtonia brunneicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Newtonia,brunneicauda,,,,,"(Newton, 1863)", 22715090,Newtonia archboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Newtonia,archboldi,,,,,"Delacour & Berlioz, 1931", 22715094,Newtonia fanovanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Newtonia,fanovanae,,,,,"Gyldenstolpe, 1933", 22715099,Sylvietta virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,virens,,,,,"Cassin, 1859", 22715103,Sylvietta denti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,denti,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)", 103766614,Sylvietta brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,brachyura,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1839","

Sylvietta brachyura and S. leucopsis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. brachyura following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22715127,Sylvietta ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,ruficapilla,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1877", 22715131,Sylvietta whytii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,whytii,,,,,"(Shelley, 1894)", 22715135,Sylvietta isabellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,isabellina,,,,,"(Elliot, 1897)", 22715140,Sylvietta rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,rufescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22715145,Hemitesia neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Hemitesia,neumanni,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1908)", 22715154,Macrosphenus flavicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Macrosphenus,flavicans,,,,,"Cassin, 1859", 22715158,Macrosphenus concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Macrosphenus,concolor,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)", 22715162,Macrosphenus pulitzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Macrosphenus,pulitzeri,,,,,"Boulton, 1931", 22715166,Macrosphenus kretschmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Macrosphenus,kretschmeri,,,,,"(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)", 22715186,Leptopoecile sophiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Leptopoecile,sophiae,,,,,"Severtsov, 1873", 22715194,Phylloscopus laetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,laetus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1902)", 22715200,Phylloscopus laurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,laurae,,,,,"(Boulton, 1931)", 22715207,Phylloscopus ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,ruficapilla,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)", 22715222,Phylloscopus herberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,herberti,,,,,"(Alexander, 1903)", 22715228,Phylloscopus budongoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,budongoensis,,,,,"(Seth-Smith, 1907)", 22715234,Phylloscopus umbrovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,umbrovirens,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)", 22715264,Phylloscopus fuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,fuscatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22715267,Phylloscopus fuligiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,fuligiventer,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)", 22715275,Phylloscopus subaffinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,subaffinis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1900", 22715281,Phylloscopus armandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,armandii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1865)", 22715284,Phylloscopus schwarzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,schwarzi,,,,,"(Radde, 1863)", 22715287,Phylloscopus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,pulcher,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22715290,Phylloscopus maculipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,maculipennis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1867)", 22715305,Phylloscopus subviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,subviridis,,,,,"(Brooks, 1872)", 22715324,Phylloscopus tenellipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,tenellipes,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1860", 22715329,Phylloscopus borealoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,borealoides,,,,,"Portenko, 1950", 22715344,Phylloscopus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 22715348,Phylloscopus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,coronatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1847)", 22715353,Phylloscopus ijimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,ijimae,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1882)", 22715369,Phylloscopus cantator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,cantator,,,,,"(Tickell, 1833)", 22715372,Phylloscopus ricketti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,ricketti,,,,,"(Slater, 1897)", 22715375,Phylloscopus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,olivaceus,,,,,"(Moseley, 1891)", 22715380,Phylloscopus cebuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,cebuensis,,,,,"(Dubois, 1900)", 22715385,Phylloscopus trivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,trivirgatus,,,,,"Strickland, 1849", 22715392,Phylloscopus sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)", 22715412,Phylloscopus amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,amoenus,,,,,"(Hartert, 1929)", 22715423,Phylloscopus xanthoschistos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,xanthoschistos,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22715433,Phylloscopus poliogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,poliogenys,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)",

Phylloscopus poliogenys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus poliogenys.

 

22715436,Phylloscopus castaniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,castaniceps,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)",

Phylloscopus castaniceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus castaniceps.

 

103845369,Phylloscopus grammiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,grammiceps,,,,,"(Strickland, 1849)","

Phylloscopus sumatrensis and P. grammiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Seicercus grammiceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22715451,Abroscopus albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Abroscopus,albogularis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1854)", 22715454,Abroscopus schisticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Abroscopus,schisticeps,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22715457,Hyliota usambara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HYLIOTIDAE,Hyliota,usambara,,,,,"Sclater, 1932", 22715466,Hyliota australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HYLIOTIDAE,Hyliota,australis,,,,,"Shelley, 1882", 22715475,Bradypterus seebohmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,seebohmi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)","Has been included by others in Dromaeocercus, together with Bradypterus brunneus, on account of similarity in their tail structure, also in the monotypic genus Amphilais (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but shown by Alstrom et al. (2018) to nest clearly within Bradypterus. Monotypic." 103795069,Cincloramphus timoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Cincloramphus,timoriensis,,,,,"(Wallace, 1864)","

Cincloramphus timoriensis and C. macrurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Megalurus timoriensis following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22715494,Megalurus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurus,palustris,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22715511,Cincloramphus cruralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Cincloramphus,cruralis,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22715517,Poodytes carteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Poodytes,carteri,,,,,"(North, 1900)",

Poodytes carteri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eremiornis carteri.

22715525,Megalurulus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurulus,mariae,,,,,"Verreaux, 1869",

Megalurulus mariae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Megalurulus mariei.

103798488,Megalurulus turipavae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurulus,turipavae,,,,,"(Cain & Galbraith, 1955)","

Megalurulus whitneyi and M. turipavae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. whitneyi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22715572,Catriscus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Catriscus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)",Previously sometimes considered conspecific with S. platyurus but shown by Alström et al. (2018) to be better placed in its own genus. Subspecies alexinae intergrades with nominate. Two subspecies recognized. 22715577,Schoenicola platyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Schoenicola,platyurus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1844)","Previously sometimes considered conspecific with African C. brevirostris but that was shown by Alström et al. (2018) to be better placed in its own genus. Distinct differences exist between birds from N of range (larger, duller and greyer above, contrasting reddish-brown wings, whiter below) and those from S (rather smaller, darker reddish-brown above, buff below); significance of this, which apparently is not due to plumage wear, unclear and requires investigation. Monotypic." 22715595,Pterorhinus perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,perspicillatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Previously treated as Garrulax perspicillatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018).  Has sometimes been placed in genus Dryonastes. Monotypic. 22715608,Garrulax monileger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,monileger,,,,,"Riley, 1930", 22715611,Pterorhinus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)","Previously treated as Garrulax pectoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Geographical variation mainly clinal. Proposed subspecies melanotis (E Himalayas E to N Myanmar) considered part of cline and merged with nominate. Form named pingi (C Yunnan, in S China) represents presumed hybrid between nominate and robini. Birds in SW Guangxi (S China) not assigned to subspecies. Five subspecies recognized." 22715614,Melanocichla lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Melanocichla,lugubris,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)","The two closely related Sundaic species previously known as Black Laughingthrush Garrulax lugubris and Bare-headed Laughingthrush G. calvus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), often formerly treated as conspecific, were subject to molecular analysis for the first time by Cai et al. (2019), who discovered that they actually belong in another babbler family, proving to be closer to the genus Pomatorhinus than Pomatorhinus is to Erythrogenys. Monotypic." 22715639,Pterorhinus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,nuchalis,,,,,"Godwin-Austen, 1876",Previously treated as Garrulax nuchalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Has elsewhere been treated as conspecific with P. chinensis. Monotypic. 22715645,Pterorhinus vassali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,vassali,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)",Previously treated as Garrulax vassali (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Monotypic. 22715659,Pterorhinus davidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,davidi,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1868)","Previously treated as Garrulax davidi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Several further subspecies proposed, including funebris (from NE Qinghai), experrectus (NW Gansu) and chinganicus (N Hebei E to Inner Mongolia), but differences negligible or undetectable in larger samples. Two subspecies recognized." 22715662,Ianthocincla sukatschewi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,sukatschewi,,,,,"(Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891)",Previously listed as Garrulax sukatschewi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Monotypic. 22715672,Ianthocincla lunulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,lunulata,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)",Previously listed as Garrulax lunulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Has elsewhere been treated as conspecific with I. bieti. Two subspecies recognized. 22715707,Pterorhinus sannio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,sannio,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1867",Previously treated as Garrulax sannio (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Has elsewhere recently been treated in genus Dryonastes. Four subspecies recognized. 22715735,Trochalopteron subunicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,subunicolor,,,,,"Blyth, 1843",

Trochalopteron subunicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax subunicolor.

22715741,Trochalopteron variegatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,variegatum,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",

Trochalopteron variegatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax variegatus.

22715750,Trochalopteron morrisonianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,morrisonianum,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)",

Trochalopteron morrisonianum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax morrisonianus.

22715764,Trochalopteron milnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,milnei,,,,,"(David, 1874)",

Trochalopteron milnei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax milnei.

103878699,Liocichla phoenicea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Liocichla,phoenicea,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","

Liocichla phoenicea and L. ripponi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. phoenicea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22715779,Modulatrix stictigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MODULATRICIDAE,Modulatrix,stictigula,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1906)", 22715792,Pellorneum rostratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,rostratum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)",Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Two subspecies recognised. 22715795,Pellorneum celebense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,celebense,,,,,"(Strickland, 1849)","Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019).
Geographical variation partly clinal; proposed subspecies connectens, from NC Sulawesi, and improbatum (of which sordidum is a synonym), from SE, considered to represent part of this cline, and therefore merged with rufofuscum. Subspecies finschi, however, distinctive: differs in its much more restricted white throat (2) and fulvous-buff vs greyish-white lower throat to vent, without contrasting darker flanks (3); study of voice, and what happens where this form and rufofuscum approach each other, therefore encouraged. Four subspecies recognized." 22715798,Pellorneum bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,bicolor,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)",Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Monotypic. 22715801,Leonardina woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Leonardina,woodi,,,,,"(Mearns, 1905)", 22715811,Malacocincla abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacocincla,abbotti,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22715814,Malacocincla sepiaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacocincla,sepiaria,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22715827,Malacocincla perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacocincla,perspicillata,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22715837,Pellorneum cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,cinereiceps,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)","

Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) and in Malacocincla but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Perhaps conspecific with P. malaccense, but song very different. Monotypic.

" 22715853,Pellorneum albiventre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,albiventre,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1877)", 22715856,Pellorneum palustre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,palustre,,,,,"Gould, 1872", 22715859,Pellorneum ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,ruficeps,,,,,"Swainson, 1832", 22715862,Pellorneum fuscocapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,fuscocapillus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)", 22715873,Malacopteron magnirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacopteron,magnirostre,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)", 22715876,Malacopteron affine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacopteron,affine,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22715879,Malacopteron cinereum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacopteron,cinereum,,,,,"Eyton, 1839", 22715882,Malacopteron magnum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacopteron,magnum,,,,,"Eyton, 1839", 22715885,Malacopteron palawanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacopteron,palawanense,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1895", 22715895,Illadopsis albipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,albipectus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)", 103869025,Illadopsis rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,rufipennis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1872)","

Illadopsis rufipennis and I. distans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. rufipennis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22715918,Illadopsis pyrrhoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,pyrrhoptera,,,,,"(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)", 22715933,Kakamega poliothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MODULATRICIDAE,Kakamega,poliothorax,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1900)", 22715943,Erythrogenys hypoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Erythrogenys,hypoleucos,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)",

Erythrogenys hypoleucos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pomatorhinus hypoleucos.

22715955,Erythrogenys erythrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Erythrogenys,erythrogenys,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)",

Erythrogenys erythrogenys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pomatorhinus erythrogenys.

22715967,Pomatorhinus schisticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,schisticeps,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22715972,Pomatorhinus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,montanus,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22715984,Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,ochraceiceps,,,,,"Walden, 1873", 103893364,Pomatorhinus ferruginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,ferruginosus,,,,,"Blyth, 1845","

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus and P. phayrei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. ferruginosus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22715994,Pomatorhinus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,superciliaris,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)",

Pomatorhinus superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Xiphirhynchus superciliaris.

103869790,Napothera danjoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Napothera,danjoui,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","

Previously placed in genus Rimator (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Rimator danjoui and R. naungmungensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Jabouilleia danjoui following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). The treatment of N. naungmungensis as a subspecies of present species remains plausible, despite subsequent publications in support of species status (Rappole et al. 2008, Renner and Rappole 2011). In Vietnam, birds in NE Tonkin (with stronger black malar area and bold black-and-white feathering on belly) represent an as yet undescribed subspecies, and those in Central Highlands of S part of C Annam (with brown of plumage colder and darker, rufous areas duller and paler, underparts and bill roughly intermediate between those of other subspecies) another such. Two subspecies currently recognized.

" 22716010,Ptilocichla leucogrammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Ptilocichla,leucogrammica,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22716018,Ptilocichla falcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Ptilocichla,falcata,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877", 22716026,Kenopia striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Kenopia,striata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22716030,Turdinus macrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Turdinus,macrodactylus,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)", 22716040,Gypsophila rufipecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Gypsophila,rufipecta,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)",Previously listed as Turdinus rufipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but Cai et al. (2019) suggested it might be better placed in the current genus (although this taxon was not sampled in their analysis). Monotypic. 22716057,Turdinus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Turdinus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1880)",

Turdinus marmoratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as T. marmorata.

103869618,Gypsophila crispifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Gypsophila,crispifrons,,,,,"Blyth, 1855","

Previously listed as Turdinus crispifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but Cai et al. (2019) found it more closely related to Malacocincla and revived the genus Gypsophila for this and allied species. Formerly treated as conspecific with G. calcicola following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). Two subspecies recognized.

" 22716075,Gypsophila brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Gypsophila,brevicaudata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)","

Previously listed as Turdinus brevicaudatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but Cai et al. (2019) found it more closely related to Malacocincla and revived the genus Gypsophila for this and allied species. Previously listed as Napothera brevicaudata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
Has been thought to be possibly conspecific with G. crassa. Subspecies remarkably diverse within rather narrow phenotypic confines, forming as many as five groups: (a) nominate and striatus (rufous below, broad throat-streaks); (b) stevensi and proximus (dark rich brown below, less distinct throat-streaks); (c) leucostictus (broad throat- and breast-streaks, to belly); (d) griseigularis (smallish with very vague throat-streaks, paler breast and belly); and (e) rufiventer (apparently richer rufous below with buff vs white wing-spots); however, vocally all groups appear very similar (Boesman 2016). Birds in N & E Myanmar and W Yunnan (China) sometimes separated as subspecies venningi, supposedly larger and more rufous, but fall within range of variation of nominate. Racial identity of birds in NW Laos uncertain, conditionally included in nominate. Seven subspecies recognized.

" 22716079,Gypsophila crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Gypsophila,crassa,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)","

Previously listed as Turdinus crassus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but Cai et al. (2019) found it more closely related to Malacocincla and revived the genus Gypsophila for this and allied species. Formerly listed as Napothera crassa (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993). See G. brevicaudata. Monotypic.

" 22716094,Napothera epilepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Napothera,epilepidota,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 22716104,Pnoepyga immaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PNOEPYGIDAE,Pnoepyga,immaculata,,,,,"Martens & Eck, 1991", 22716108,Pnoepyga pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PNOEPYGIDAE,Pnoepyga,pusilla,,,,,"Hodgson, 1845", 22716127,Elachura formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ELACHURIDAE,Elachura,formosa,,,,,"(Walden, 1874)","

Elachura formosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Spelaeornis and listed as S. formosus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22716148,Neomixis tenella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Neomixis,tenella,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1866)", 22716153,Neomixis viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Neomixis,viridis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1883)", 103771036,Neomixis striatigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Neomixis,striatigula,,,,,"Sharpe, 1881","

Neomixis striatigula and N. pallidior (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. striatigula following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103895265,Cyanoderma rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Cyanoderma,rufifrons,,,,,"(Hume, 1873)","

Stachyris rufifrons (Robson [2000]) and S. ambigua (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped together into Cyanoderma rufifrons following del Hoyo and Collar (2016)

" 22716187,Cyanoderma ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Cyanoderma,ruficeps,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)",

Cyanoderma ruficeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris ruficeps.

22716193,Cyanoderma chrysaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Cyanoderma,chrysaeum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)",

Cyanoderma chrysaeum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris chrysaea.

22716204,Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Sterrhoptilus,nigrocapitatus,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)",

Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris nigrocapitata.

22716224,Zosterornis whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterornis,whiteheadi,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1894",

Zosterornis whiteheadi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris whiteheadi.

22716237,Zosterornis nigrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterornis,nigrorum,,,,,"(Rand & Rabor, 1952)",

Zosterornis nigrorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris nigrorum.

22716248,Stachyris grammiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,grammiceps,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 22716255,Stachyris nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,nigriceps,,,,,"Blyth, 1844", 22716258,Stachyris poliocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,poliocephala,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)", 22716265,Stachyris strialata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,strialata,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)",

Stachyris strialata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris striolata.

22716268,Stachyris leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,leucotis,,,,,"(Strickland, 1848)", 22716274,Stachyris thoracica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,thoracica,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)", 22716289,Dumetia atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Dumetia,atriceps,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)","

Cai et al. (2019) moved Dark-fronted Babbler Rhopocichla atriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) into the genus Dumetia alongside Tawny-bellied Babbler D. hyperythra. Northernmost nominate distinctive because of its all-black crown, which in bourdilloni becomes grey-brown, only slightly darker than rest of upperparts, while two Sri Lankan subspecies have blackish faces and slightly richer-coloured upperparts; detailed analysis of characters, including voice, needed. Four subspecies recognized.

" 22716306,Macronus striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Macronus,striaticeps,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877",

Macronus striaticeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Macronous striaticeps.

22716310,Macronus ptilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Macronus,ptilosus,,,,,"Jardine & Selby, 1835",

Macronus ptilosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Macronous ptilosus.

22716320,Timalia pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Timalia,pileata,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22716323,Chrysomma sinense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Chrysomma,sinense,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","The genus Chrysomma has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). 
Geographical variation clinal, from palest in W (subspecies hypoleucum) to darkest in E (nominate), merging through middle of Indian Subcontinent; birds from Nepal appear intermediate. Four subspecies recognized." 22716332,Moupinia poecilotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Moupinia,poecilotis,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)",

Moupinia poecilotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Chrysomma poecilotis. Moved from Sylviidae to the family Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019).
Birds from NW Yunnan sometimes recognized as subspecies sordidior. Monotypic.

22716358,Argya longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,longirostris,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)",

Previously listed as Chatarrhaea longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly listed as Turdoides longirostris. Birds reported from SW Myanmar not yet assigned to subspecies. Two subspecies recognized.

22716361,Argya malcolmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,malcolmi,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)",

Argya malcolmi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides malcolmi.

22716368,Argya fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,fulva,,,,,"(Desfontaines, 1789)",

Argya fulva (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides fulva.

22716392,Argya subrufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,subrufa,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)",

Argya subrufa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides subrufa.

103871402,Argya striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,striata,,,,,"(Dumont, 1823)","

Previously placed in Turdoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Prior to that treated as conspecific with A. somervillei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Has been treated as conspecific with A. rufescens.
Proposed subspecies orissae (from E India) treated as synonym of nominate. Four subspecies recognized.

" 22716409,Argya affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,affinis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1845)",Previously placed in Turdoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Two subspecies recognized. 22716412,Turdoides reinwardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,reinwardtii,,,,,"(Swainson, 1831)",

Turdoides reinwardtii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as T. reinwardii.

22716428,Turdoides melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,melanops,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1867)", 22716434,Turdoides squamulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,squamulata,,,,,"(Shelley, 1884)", 22716443,Turdoides leucopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,leucopygia,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)", 22716450,Turdoides hartlaubii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,hartlaubii,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1868)", 22716456,Turdoides bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,bicolor,,,,,"(Jardine, 1831)", 22716462,Turdoides sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,sharpei,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1891)", 22716469,Turdoides hypoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,hypoleuca,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1878)", 22716480,Turdoides hindei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,hindei,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1900)", 22716491,Turdoides leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,leucocephala,,,,,"Cretzschmar, 1827", 22716505,Turdoides gymnogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,gymnogenys,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1865)", 22716512,Pterorhinus waddelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,waddelli,,,,,"(Dresser, 1905)","

Previously treated as Garrulax waddelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Prior to this change the taxon was listed as Babax waddelli. Proposed subspecies lumsdeni, described from Le La, on SE Xizang border with Arunachal Pradesh (NE India), merged with nominate. Two subspecies recognized.

" 22716515,Pterorhinus koslowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,koslowi,,,,,"(Bianchi, 1905)",

Previously treated as Garrulax koslowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Prior to this change the taxon was previously listed as Babax koslowi. Two subspecies recognized.

103878477,Leiothrix argentauris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Leiothrix,argentauris,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)","

Leiothrix argentauris and L. laurinae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. argentauris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22716532,Pteruthius rufiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pteruthius,rufiventer,,,,,"Blyth, 1842", 22716540,Pteruthius xanthochlorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pteruthius,xanthochlorus,,,,,"Gray, 1846", 22716544,Pteruthius melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pteruthius,melanotis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1847", 22716548,Pteruthius aenobarbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pteruthius,aenobarbus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 103879269,Actinodura ramsayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Actinodura,ramsayi,,,,,"(Walden, 1875)","

Actinodura ramsayi and A. radcliffei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. ramsayi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22716563,Sibia nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Sibia,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)",

Sibia nipalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Actinodura nipalensis.

22716569,Sibia souliei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Sibia,souliei,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1897)",

Sibia souliei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Actinodura souliei.

22716572,Sibia morrisoniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Sibia,morrisoniana,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)",

Sibia morrisoniana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Actinodura morrisoniana.

22716576,Siva cyanouroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Siva,cyanouroptera,,,,,"Hodgson, 1837",

Siva cyanouroptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Minla cyanouroptera.

22716579,Chrysominla strigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Chrysominla,strigula,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)",

Chrysominla strigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Minla strigula.

22716582,Minla ignotincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Minla,ignotincta,,,,,"Hodgson, 1837", 22716588,Schoeniparus variegaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Schoeniparus,variegaticeps,,,,,"(Yen, 1932)",

Schoeniparus variegaticeps  (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe variegaticeps.

22716604,Fulvetta striaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,striaticollis,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)",

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta striaticollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe striaticollis. Monotypic.

 

22716617,Fulvetta ludlowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,ludlowi,,,,,"Kinnear, 1935","

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta ludlowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe ludlowi. Monotypic.

 

" 22716621,Schoeniparus rufogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Schoeniparus,rufogularis,,,,,"(Mandelli, 1873)",

Schoeniparus rufogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe rufogularis.

22716627,Schoeniparus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Schoeniparus,dubius,,,,,"(Hume, 1874)",

Schoeniparus dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe dubia.

22716644,Alcippe morrisonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALCIPPEIDAE,Alcippe,morrisonia,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1863","Following Cai et al. (2019), all members of genus Alcippe now moved to their own family Alcippeidae. Geographical variation slight, despite number of named subspecies. Species subject to several molecular analyses in recent years (Qu et al. 2015, Song et al. 2009, Zou et al. 2007), the first resulting in suggestions for possible new species limits, but an error in the identity of a sample rendered the exercise uncertain (Pilgrim et al. 2009); rearrangement made in partial response to molecular findings (Robson 2008) rendered untenable by subsequent groupings of clades (Qu et al. 2015); moreover, vocal differences among all subspecies slight, with fratercula and yunnanensis emerging as a unit marginally more distinctive than others (Boesman 2016). Eight subspecies recognized." 22716682,Sylvia galinieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Sylvia,galinieri,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)",Previously placed in genus Parophasma (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but shown by Cai et al. (2019) to belong to current genus. Monotypic. 22716696,Leioptila annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Leioptila,annectens,,,,,"Blyth, 1847",

Leioptila annectens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Heterophasia annectens.

22716699,Heterophasia capistrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Heterophasia,capistrata,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22716711,Heterophasia auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Heterophasia,auricularis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1864)", 22716717,Heterophasia picaoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Heterophasia,picaoides,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1839)", 22716731,Yuhina flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Yuhina,flavicollis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22716734,Yuhina humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Yuhina,humilis,,,,,"(Hume, 1877)", 22716737,Yuhina gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Yuhina,gularis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22716740,Parayuhina diademata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Parayuhina,diademata,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1869)","This species, previously listed as Yuhina diademata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was found by Cai et al. (2019) to be sister to all other members of the timaliine family Zosteropidae, who therefore created for it the genus Parayuhina. Two subspecies recognized." 22716743,Yuhina occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Yuhina,occipitalis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22716746,Yuhina brunneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Yuhina,brunneiceps,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1906", 22716750,Yuhina nigrimenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Yuhina,nigrimenta,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22716753,Erpornis zantholeuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Erpornis,zantholeuca,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)", 22716763,Oxylabes madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Oxylabes,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22716772,Mystacornis crossleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Mystacornis,crossleyi,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1870)", 22716784,Paradoxornis paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,paradoxus,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)","

The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019).
Previously placed in Cholornis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), before which it was listed as Paradoxornis paradoxus and is now moved back to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Although taipaiensis was first mooted as a distinct subspecies in 1937, it was not formally described as such until 36 years later (Cheng Tsohsin et al. 1973). Two subspecies recognized.

" 22716787,Paradoxornis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,unicolor,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1843)","

The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Cholornis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), before which it was listed as Paradoxornis unicolor and is now moved back to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Monotypic.

" 22716795,Paradoxornis flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,flavirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1836","The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Elsewhere has been treated as conspecific with P. guttaticollis by some authors, but is morphometrically quite distinct and differs in vocalizations and, especially, in habitat requirements; ranges overlap (or formerly did) in parts of NE India, but the two are ecologically separated. Monotypic." 22716798,Paradoxornis guttaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,guttaticollis,,,,,"David, 1871","The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Elsewhere, sometimes treated as conspecific with P. flavirostris (see related note/s). Proposed subspecies gongshanensis (W Yunnan, in S China) doubtfully valid. Treated as monotypic." 22716801,Suthora conspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,conspicillata,,,,,"David, 1871","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Sinosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly listed as Paradoxornis conspicillatus. Race rocki not very distinct (slightly thicker bill was greatly exaggerated in the text figure in type description), and supposedly paler plumage and lighter brown head not discernible on museum specimens examined; species may be better treated as monotypic. Two subspecies tentatively recognized.

" 22716823,Suthora fulvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,fulvifrons,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Suthora fulvifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Paradoxornis fulvifrons.
Birds reported from W Arunachal Pradesh, in NE India, included in nominate, but may belong with subspecies chayulensis. Four subspecies recognized.

" 22716832,Suthora davidiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,davidiana,,,,,"Slater, 1897","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Neosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly it had been listed as Paradoxornis davidianus.

Racial identity of birds in extreme N Laos and extreme NW part of W Tonkin (N Vietnam) uncertain, but presumed to belong with thompsoni; likewise, birds in N (extreme E part) & C (NE part) Laos and neighbouring Vietnam (N Annam) presumed to belong with tonkinensis. Three subspecies currently recognized.

" 22716835,Suthora atrosuperciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,atrosuperciliaris,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1877)","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Chleuasicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Previously listed as Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris. Racial identity of birds in W Arunachal Pradesh (W of R Dihang), in NE India, uncertain, presumed to belong with oatesi. Two subspecies recognized.

" 22716849,Rhabdornis mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Rhabdornis,mystacalis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22716853,Rhabdornis grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Rhabdornis,grandis,,,,,"Salomonsen, 1953", 103878077,Rhabdornis inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Rhabdornis,inornatus,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","

Rhabdornis inornatus and R. rabori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. inornatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22716878,Curruca lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,lugens,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly also placed in genus Parisoma within family Timaliidae, but morphology, behaviour, vocalizations and mtDNA indicate that it belongs in present genus. Separation of subspecies not always possible owing to individual variation and presence of intermediates; further study required, and validity of some subspecies in need of review. Five subspecies recognized." 22716883,Curruca boehmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,boehmi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1882)","Previously placed in Sylvia but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly also placed in genus Parisoma within family Timaliidae, but morphology, behaviour, vocalizations and mtDNA indicate better included in present genus. Identification of subspecies insufficiently understood, possibly only two merit recognition; further studies required in order to clarify true differences. Birds in S Ethiopia included in subspecies somalica, but may belong with marsabit. Three subspecies currently recognized." 22716888,Curruca layardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,layardi,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1862)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly also placed in genus Parisoma within family Timaliidae, but morphology, behaviour, vocalizations and mtDNA indicate better included in present genus. Four subspecies recognized." 22716893,Curruca subcoerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,subcoerulea,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Species name previously spelt erroneously as subcaerulea. Formerly placed in genus Parisoma within family Timaliidae, but morphology, behaviour, vocalizations and mtDNA indicate better included in present genus. Geographical differences in plumage coloration seem mainly clinal, and intermediates frequent; validity of some subspecies merits further study. Proposed subspecies ombuensis (from WC Namibia) synonymized with cinerascens, which intergrades rather widely with nominate and with ansorgei. Four subspecies recognized.

" 22716949,Curruca leucomelaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,leucomelaena,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1833","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Races form two groups, “leucomelaena group” N & E of Red Sea and “blanfordi group” W & S of Red Sea, these differing primarily in size and in degree of sexual dimorphism, but barely at all in voice; both groups exhibit clinal variation in upperpart coloration (becoming darker and less grey N–S), and W group also in amount of white on tail (increasing N–S). Birds from Yemen described as distincta, but fall into range of individual variation of nominate. Four subspecies recognized." 22716992,Mirafra passerina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,passerina,,,,,"Gyldenstolpe, 1926", 22717018,Eremopterix hova,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,hova,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)",

Eremopterix hova (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Mirafra hova.

22717023,Mirafra cordofanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,cordofanica,,,,,"Strickland, 1850", 22717038,Mirafra hypermetra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,hypermetra,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1879)","Sometimes considered conspecific with M. africana, but the two are morphologically and vocally distinct, with no intermediate forms where their ranges meet in Kenya and N Tanzania. M. somalica perhaps also closely related to these two species, but relationship untested genetically (Alström et al. 2013a). We follow Donald & Alström (in prep) in synonymising the subspecies kathangorensis with the subspecies kidepoensis. Three subspecies recognized." 22730499,Mirafra africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,africana,,,,,"Smith, 1836",

Mirafra africana and M. sharpii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. africana following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22717064,Mirafra angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,angolensis,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1880", 22717076,Mirafra collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,collaris,,,,,"Sharpe, 1896", 22717101,Calendulauda rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,rufa,,,,,"(Lynes, 1920)","Gillett’s Lark and Rusty Lark were previously included in Mirafra (del Hoyo & Collar 2016). Recent (as yet unpublished) genetic work supports previous assertions that their slender, pipit-like shape, lack of white outertail, proclivity for perching in trees and (in the case of Gillett’s Lark, as the song of Rusty Lark is unknown) simple song structure all clearly place them in Calendulauda. Close relationship with C. gilletti suggested by some authors, but no data on genetics for either species; Calendulauda poecilosterna (which has been sampled molecularly) suggested as third member of same grouping. We follow Donald & Alström (in prep) in synonymising the subspecies nigriticola with the nominate. Two subspecies recognized." 22717112,Calendulauda poecilosterna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,poecilosterna,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1879)","

Formerly placed in Mirafra, but genetic data situate it in Calendulauda. Geographical variation in plumage tone, darkest and richest in S; birds from extreme N of range (SE Sudan E to S Somalia) previously treated as subspecies australoabyssinica and others from rest of range (except N & E Kenya) as massaica, but differences minimal. Monotypic.

" 22717127,Calendulauda sabota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,sabota,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)",

Calendulauda sabota (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Mirafra sabota.

22717133,Pinarocorys erythropygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Pinarocorys,erythropygia,,,,,"(Strickland, 1852)", 22717137,Pinarocorys nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Pinarocorys,nigricans,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)", 22717164,Certhilauda chuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Certhilauda,chuana,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22717176,Calendulauda albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,albescens,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1839)",

Calendulauda albescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Certhilauda albescens.

22717202,Eremopterix verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,verticalis,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22717207,Eremopterix leucopareia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,leucopareia,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)", 22717212,Eremopterix signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,signatus,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1886)", 22717228,Eremopterix griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,griseus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22717258,Ammomanopsis grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Ammomanopsis,grayi,,,,,"(Wahlberg, 1855)",

Ammomanopsis grayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ammomanes grayi.

22717270,Alaemon hamertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alaemon,hamertoni,,,,,"Witherby, 1905", 22717295,Melanocorypha mongolica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Melanocorypha,mongolica,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 22717325,Calandrella acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calandrella,acutirostris,,,,,"Hume, 1873", 22717352,Spizocorys conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Spizocorys,conirostris,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)", 22717360,Spizocorys obbiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Spizocorys,obbiensis,,,,,"Witherby, 1905", 22717364,Spizocorys personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Spizocorys,personata,,,,,"Sharpe, 1895", 22717372,Spizocorys starki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Spizocorys,starki,,,,,"(Shelley, 1902)",

Spizocorys starki (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eremalauda starki.

103765809,Eremalauda dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremalauda,dunni,,,,,"(Shelley, 1904)","

Eremalauda dunni and E. eremodites (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. dunni following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22717398,Galerida modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Galerida,modesta,,,,,"Heuglin, 1864", 22717402,Galerida magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Galerida,magnirostris,,,,,"(Stephens, 1826)", 22717407,Spizocorys fremantlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Spizocorys,fremantlii,,,,,"(Lort Phillips, 1897)",

Spizocorys fremantlii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pseudalaemon fremantlii.

22717424,Alauda gulgula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alauda,gulgula,,,,,"Franklin, 1831", 22717438,Eremophila bilopha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremophila,bilopha,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22717447,Promerops cafer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PROMEROPIDAE,Promerops,cafer,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22717451,Prionochilus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Prionochilus,olivaceus,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877", 22717454,Prionochilus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Prionochilus,maculatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Laugier, 1836)", 22717457,Prionochilus percussus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Prionochilus,percussus,,,,,"(Temminck & Laugier, 1826)", 22717460,Prionochilus plateni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Prionochilus,plateni,,,,,"Blasius, 1888", 22717466,Prionochilus thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Prionochilus,thoracicus,,,,,"(Temminck & Laugier, 1836)", 22717469,Dicaeum annae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,annae,,,,,"(Büttikofer, 1894)", 22717484,Dicaeum chrysorrheum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,chrysorrheum,,,,,"Temminck & Laugier, 1829", 22717487,Dicaeum melanozanthum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,melanozanthum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)","

Dicaeum melanozanthum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as D. melanoxanthum following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717497,Dicaeum nigrilore,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,nigrilore,,,,,"Hartert, 1904", 22717503,Dicaeum bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,bicolor,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)", 22717516,Dicaeum retrocinctum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,retrocinctum,,,,,"Gould, 1872", 22717519,Dicaeum trigonostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,trigonostigma,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22717522,Dicaeum hypoleucum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,hypoleucum,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876", 22717525,Dicaeum erythrorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,erythrorhynchos,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 103776128,Dicaeum concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,concolor,,,,,"Jerdon, 1840","

Dicaeum concolor and D. minullum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. concolor following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717531,Dicaeum pygmaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,pygmaeum,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1833)", 22717534,Dicaeum nehrkorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,nehrkorni,,,,,"Blasius, 1886", 103776345,Dicaeum erythrothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,erythrothorax,,,,,"Lesson & Garnot, 1828","

Dicaeum erythrothorax and D. schistaceiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. erythrothorax following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717543,Dicaeum pectorale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,pectorale,,,,,"Müller, 1843", 22717549,Dicaeum nitidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,nitidum,,,,,"Tristram, 1889", 22717555,Dicaeum aeneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,aeneum,,,,,"Pucheran, 1853", 22717558,Dicaeum tristrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,tristrami,,,,,"Sharpe, 1884", 22717562,Dicaeum igniferum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,igniferum,,,,,"Wallace, 1863", 22717565,Dicaeum maugei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,maugei,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 103776843,Dicaeum ignipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,ignipectus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)","

Dicaeum ignipectus, D. cambodianum, D. beccarii and D. luzoniense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. ignipectus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103776636,Dicaeum sanguinolentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,sanguinolentum,,,,,"Temminck, 1829","

Dicaeum sanguinolentum, D. wilhelminae and D. hanieli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. sanguinolentum following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103777963,Dicaeum hirundinaceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,hirundinaceum,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)","

Dicaeum hirundinaceum, D. ignicolle and D. keiense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. hirundinaceum following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717584,Dicaeum cruentatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,cruentatum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22717587,Dicaeum trochileum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,trochileum,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1789)", 103792577,Deleornis fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Deleornis,fraseri,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1843)",

Deleornis fraseri and D. axillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Anthreptes as A. fraseri following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

22717602,Anthreptes reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,reichenowi,,,,,"Gunning, 1909", 22717606,Anthreptes anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,anchietae,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1878)", 22717611,Anthreptes simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,simplex,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 103792612,Anthreptes malacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,malacensis,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","

Anthreptes malacensis and A. griseigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. malacensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717618,Anthreptes rhodolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,rhodolaemus,,,,,"Shelley, 1878", 22717626,Chalcoparia singalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcoparia,singalensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Chalcoparia singalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Anthreptes following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717635,Anthreptes longuemarei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,longuemarei,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22717640,Anthreptes orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,orientalis,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1880", 22717645,Anthreptes neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,neglectus,,,,,"Neumann, 1922", 22717649,Anthreptes aurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,aurantius,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","

Anthreptes aurantius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as A. aurantium following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717668,Hedydipna collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Hedydipna,collaris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)","

Hedydipna collaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Anthreptes following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717676,Hedydipna metallica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Hedydipna,metallica,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","

Hedydipna metallica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Anthreptes and listed as A. metallicus following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717680,Kurochkinegramma hypogrammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Kurochkinegramma,hypogrammica,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)","

Molecular research by Campillo et al. (2018) established that the anomalous Purple-naped Sunbird (formerly Hypogramma hypogrammica) is sister to all members of the genus Arachnothera (to which it was transferred, following an earlier molecular paper, in the Checklist under the name Purple-naped Spiderhunter, A. hypogrammica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016).

It would still be legitimate to extend Arachnothera to cover the species, but given its distinctiveness (metallic plumage, unique tongue structure) Campillo et al. favoured its treatment in a separate genus, for which they continue to use Hypogramma. However, the Checklist (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) pointed out that Hypogramma is preoccupied and that an alternative generic name, Kurochkinegramma (Kashin,1978), had been proposed. This name is accepted here, with the English name reverting to Purple-naped Sunbird.

Previously the taxon was placed in the genus Hypogramma and listed as H. hypogrammicum following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717687,Cinnyris batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,batesi,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1908","

Cinnyris batesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717695,Anthobaphes violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthobaphes,violacea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Anthobaphes violacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717699,Cyanomitra verreauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cyanomitra,verreauxii,,,,,"(Smith, 1831)","

Cyanomitra verreauxii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. veroxii following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717705,Anabathmis reichenbachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anabathmis,reichenbachii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)","

Anabathmis reichenbachii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717728,Cyanomitra oritis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cyanomitra,oritis,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)","

Cyanomitra oritis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717738,Cyanomitra verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cyanomitra,verticalis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","

Cyanomitra verticalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717742,Cyanomitra bannermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cyanomitra,bannermani,,,,,"(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1943)","

Cyanomitra bannermani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717750,Chalcomitra balfouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcomitra,balfouri,,,,,"(Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881)","

Chalcomitra balfouri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717754,Cinnyris dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,dussumieri,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1861)","

Cinnyris dussumieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717762,Chalcomitra amethystina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcomitra,amethystina,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)","

Chalcomitra amethystina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717766,Chalcomitra rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcomitra,rubescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)","

Chalcomitra rubescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717774,Chalcomitra hunteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcomitra,hunteri,,,,,"(Shelley, 1889)","

Chalcomitra hunteri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717778,Chalcomitra adelberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcomitra,adelberti,,,,,"(Gervais, 1833)","

Chalcomitra adelberti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717782,Leptocoma zeylonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Leptocoma,zeylonica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Leptocoma zeylonica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717785,Leptocoma minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Leptocoma,minima,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)","

Leptocoma minima (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717794,Leptocoma calcostetha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Leptocoma,calcostetha,,,,,"(Jardine, 1843)","

Leptocoma calcostetha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103804139,Cinnyris jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,jugularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Cinnyris jugularis and C. idenburgi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. jugularis following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717801,Cinnyris buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)","

Cinnyris buettikoferi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717805,Cinnyris solaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,solaris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)","

Cinnyris solaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

 

" 22717808,Cinnyris sovimanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,sovimanga,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Cinnyris sovimanga (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717813,Cinnyris humbloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,humbloti,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","

Cinnyris humbloti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717817,Cinnyris comorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,comorensis,,,,,"Peters, 1864","

Cinnyris comorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717822,Cinnyris coquerellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,coquerellii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)","

Cinnyris coquerellii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717841,Cinnyris oustaleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,oustaleti,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1878)","

Cinnyris oustaleti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717850,Cinnyris osea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,osea,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1856","

Cinnyris osea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103803926,Cinnyris habessinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,habessinicus,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1828)","

Cinnyris habessinicus and C. idenburgi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. habessinica following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717862,Cinnyris lotenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,lotenius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Cinnyris lotenius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. lotenia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103797506,Cinnyris manoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,manoensis,,,,,"Reichenow, 1907","

Cinnyris manoensis and C. gertrudis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. manoensis following Bowie et al. (2004), BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group.

 

" 22717887,Cinnyris reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,reichenowi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1891","

Cinnyris reichenowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. preussi following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103798399,Cinnyris afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,afer,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Cinnyris afer, C. stuhlmanni, C. prigoginei and C. ludovicensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. afra following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 22717919,Cinnyris chloropygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,chloropygius,,,,,"(Jardine, 1842)","

Cinnyris chloropygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. chloropygia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717927,Cinnyris regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,regius,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1893)","

Cinnyris regius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. regia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717936,Cinnyris moreaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,moreaui,,,,,"(Sclater, 1933)","

Cinnyris moreaui (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717950,Cinnyris fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,fuscus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819","

Cinnyris fuscus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. fusca following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717958,Nectarinia tacazze,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Nectarinia,tacazze,,,,,"(Stanley, 1814)", 22717962,Nectarinia purpureiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Nectarinia,purpureiventris,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1893)", 22717966,Nectarinia bocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Nectarinia,bocagii,,,,,"Shelley, 1879", 22717970,Nectarinia kilimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Nectarinia,kilimensis,,,,,"Shelley, 1884", 22717998,Cinnyris congensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,congensis,,,,,"(van Oort, 1910)","

Cinnyris congensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103801419,Cinnyris bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)","

Cinnyris bifasciatus and C. tsavoensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. bifasciata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718012,Cinnyris chalcomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,chalcomelas,,,,,"Reichenow, 1905",

Cinnyris chalcomelas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Archer and Turner (1993).

 

22718017,Cinnyris pembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,pembae,,,,,"Reichenow, 1905",

Cinnyris pembae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Archer and Turner (1993).

 

103804241,Cinnyris notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,notatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Cinnyris notatus, C. moebii and C. voeltzkowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. notata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103799817,Cinnyris pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,pulchellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Cinnyris pulchellus and C. melanogastrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. pulchella following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718043,Cinnyris nectarinioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,nectarinioides,,,,,"Richmond, 1897","

Cinnyris nectarinioides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103805010,Aethopyga flagrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,flagrans,,,,,"Oustalet, 1876","

Aethopyga flagrans and A. guimarasensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. flagrans following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718068,Aethopyga duyvenbodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,duyvenbodei,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)", 22718077,Aethopyga gouldiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,gouldiae,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22718081,Aethopyga nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)", 22718084,Aethopyga eximia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,eximia,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 103810484,Aethopyga christinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,christinae,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1869","

Aethopyga christinae and A. latouchii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. christinae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718090,Aethopyga saturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,saturata,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 103804411,Aethopyga siparaja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,siparaja,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)","

Aethopyga siparaja, A. magnifica and A. vigorsii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. siparaja following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103804351,Aethopyga mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,mystacalis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)","

Aethopyga mystacalis and A. temminckii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. mystacalis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103778625,Arachnothera longirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,longirostra,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","

Arachnothera longirostra, A. dilutior and A. flammifera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. longirostra following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718106,Arachnothera crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,crassirostris,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1854)", 22718109,Arachnothera robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,robusta,,,,,"Müller & Schlegel, 1845", 22718112,Arachnothera flavigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,flavigaster,,,,,"(Eyton, 1839)", 22718115,Arachnothera chrysogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,chrysogenys,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 103792496,Arachnothera affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,affinis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Arachnothera affinis and A. modesta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. affinis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). A. everetti was previously split following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) but is now lumped with A. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016)

 

" 22718128,Arachnothera magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,magna,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)", 22718131,Arachnothera juliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,juliae,,,,,"Sharpe, 1887", 22718146,Melanocharis striativentris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Melanocharis,striativentris,,,,,"Salvadori, 1894", 22718152,Toxorhamphus poliopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Toxorhamphus,poliopterus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1883)", 22718156,Toxorhamphus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Toxorhamphus,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22718159,Oedistoma iliolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Oedistoma,iliolophus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)",

Oedistoma iliolophus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Toxorhamphus iliolophus.

22718165,Oreocharis arfaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARAMYTHIIDAE,Oreocharis,arfaki,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)", 103693003,Paramythia montium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARAMYTHIIDAE,Paramythia,montium,,,,,"De Vis, 1892","

Paramythia montium and P. olivacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. montium following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718171,Passer ammodendri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,ammodendri,,,,,"Gould, 1872", 22718183,Passer pyrrhonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,pyrrhonotus,,,,,"Blyth, 1844", 22718187,Passer castanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,castanopterus,,,,,"Blyth, 1855", 22718191,Passer cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)","

Passer cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as P. rutilans following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718194,Passer flaveolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,flaveolus,,,,,"Blyth, 1844", 22718202,Passer iagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,iagoensis,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22718206,Passer rufocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,rufocinctus,,,,,"Finsch & Reichenow, 1884", 22718225,Passer melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,melanurus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22718243,Passer gongonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,gongonensis,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1890)", 22718249,Passer suahelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,suahelicus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1904", 22718255,Passer diffusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,diffusus,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22718281,Passer euchlorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,euchlorus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22718290,Gymnoris pyrgita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Gymnoris,pyrgita,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1862)","

Gymnoris pyrgita (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Petronia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718299,Gymnoris superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Gymnoris,superciliaris,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)","

Gymnoris superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Petronia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718303,Gymnoris dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Gymnoris,dentata,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)","

Gymnoris dentata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Petronia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718333,Pyrgilauda davidiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Pyrgilauda,davidiana,,,,,"Verreaux, 1871","

Pyrgilauda davidiana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Montifringilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718339,Pyrgilauda blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Pyrgilauda,blanfordi,,,,,"(Hume, 1876)","

Pyrgilauda blanfordi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Montifringilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718342,Pyrgilauda theresae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Pyrgilauda,theresae,,,,,"(Meinertzhagen, 1937)","

Pyrgilauda theresae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Montifringilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718345,Dendronanthus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Dendronanthus,indicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22718363,Motacilla maderaspatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,maderaspatensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","

Motacilla maderaspatensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as M. madaraspatensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718371,Motacilla capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,capensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22718375,Motacilla flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,flaviventris,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1860", 22718401,Tmetothylacus tenellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Tmetothylacus,tenellus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1878)", 22718405,Macronyx croceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,croceus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22718409,Macronyx fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,fuelleborni,,,,,"Reichenow, 1900","

Macronyx fuelleborni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as M. fuellebornii following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718414,Macronyx capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,capensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22718419,Macronyx flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,flavicollis,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840", 22718423,Macronyx ameliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,ameliae,,,,,"de Tarragon, 1845", 22718428,Macronyx aurantiigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,aurantiigula,,,,,"Reichenow, 1891", 22718436,Macronyx sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,sharpei,,,,,"Jackson, 1904", 22718477,Anthus rufulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,rufulus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22718497,Anthus melindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,melindae,,,,,"Shelley, 1900", 22718505,Anthus godlewskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,godlewskii,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1876)", 22718542,Anthus sokokensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,sokokensis,,,,,"van Someren, 1921", 22718582,Anthus nilghiriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,nilghiriensis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1885", 22718585,Anthus correndera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,correndera,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22718594,Anthus furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,furcatus,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22718600,Anthus bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,bogotensis,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22718606,Anthus chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,chacoensis,,,,,"Zimmer, 1952", 22718614,Anthus gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,gutturalis,,,,,"De Vis, 1894", 22718624,Prunella rubeculoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,rubeculoides,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)", 22718627,Prunella strophiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,strophiata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)", 22718647,Prunella koslowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,koslowi,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1887)", 22718656,Prunella rubida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,rubida,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)", 22718659,Prunella immaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,immaculata,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)", 22718668,Bubalornis niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Bubalornis,niger,,,,,"Smith, 1836", 22718684,Sporopipes squamifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Sporopipes,squamifrons,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22718690,Plocepasser mahali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Plocepasser,mahali,,,,,"Smith, 1836", 22718695,Plocepasser superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Plocepasser,superciliosus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1827)", 22718706,Plocepasser donaldsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Plocepasser,donaldsoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1895", 22718711,Histurgops ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Histurgops,ruficauda,,,,,"Reichenow, 1887","

Histurgops ruficauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as H. ruficaudus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718718,Pseudonigrita arnaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Pseudonigrita,arnaudi,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22718731,Philetairus socius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Philetairus,socius,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22718761,Ploceus baglafecht,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,baglafecht,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 22718765,Ploceus bertrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,bertrandi,,,,,"(Shelley, 1893)", 22718787,Ploceus ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,ocularis,,,,,"Smith, 1839", 22718799,Ploceus alienus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,alienus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1902)", 22718803,Ploceus temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,temporalis,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1880)", 22718807,Ploceus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,capensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22718811,Ploceus subaureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,subaureus,,,,,"Smith, 1839", 22718841,Ploceus castaneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,castaneiceps,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1890)", 22718846,Ploceus xanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,xanthopterus,,,,,"(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870)", 22718850,Ploceus castanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,castanops,,,,,"Shelley, 1888", 22718865,Ploceus heuglini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,heuglini,,,,,"Reichenow, 1886", 22718871,Ploceus taeniopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,taeniopterus,,,,,"Reichenbach, 1863", 103811914,Ploceus katangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,katangae,,,,,"(Verheyen, 1947)","

Ploceus katangae and P. upembae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. katangae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718914,Ploceus reichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,reichardi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1886", 22718929,Ploceus spekei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,spekei,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1861)", 103812246,Ploceus nigerrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,nigerrimus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819","

Ploceus nigerrimus and P. castaneofuscus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. nigerrimus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718941,Ploceus weynsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,weynsi,,,,,"(Dubois, 1900)", 22718956,Ploceus dichrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,dichrocephalus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1896)", 22718971,Ploceus badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,badius,,,,,"(Cassin, 1850)", 22718987,Ploceus albinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,albinucha,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1876)", 22718995,Ploceus sakalava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,sakalava,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1861", 22719002,Ploceus manyar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,manyar,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22719005,Ploceus philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,philippinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22719027,Ploceus dorsomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,dorsomaculatus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1893)", 22719036,Ploceus olivaceiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,olivaceiceps,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1899)", 22719040,Ploceus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,insignis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1891)", 22719044,Ploceus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,angolensis,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1878)", 22719054,Ploceus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,superciliosus,,,,,"(Shelley, 1873)", 22719083,Malimbus racheliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,racheliae,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)", 22719087,Malimbus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,scutatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1849)", 22719091,Malimbus ibadanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,ibadanensis,,,,,"Elgood, 1958", 22719095,Malimbus erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,erythrogaster,,,,,"Reichenow, 1893", 22719104,Malimbus malimbicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,malimbicus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 103812581,Anaplectes rubriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Anaplectes,rubriceps,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)","

Anaplectes rubriceps, A. leuconotos and A. jubaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. rubriceps following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719124,Quelea erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Quelea,erythrops,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1848)", 103811224,Foudia eminentissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,eminentissima,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Foudia eminentissima, F. consobrina and F. aldabrana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. eminentissima following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719149,Foudia rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,rubra,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22719159,Foudia flavicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,flavicans,,,,,"Newton, 1865", 22719168,Euplectes diadematus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,diadematus,,,,,"Fischer & Reichenow, 1878", 22719172,Euplectes gierowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,gierowii,,,,,"Cabanis, 1880", 22719176,Euplectes hordeaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,hordeaceus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719191,Euplectes nigroventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,nigroventris,,,,,"Cassin, 1848", 22719200,Euplectes capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,capensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22719209,Euplectes macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,macroura,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22719223,Euplectes albonotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,albonotatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1848)", 103810858,Euplectes ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,ardens,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Euplectes ardens and E. laticauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. ardens following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719238,Euplectes psammacromius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,psammacromius,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1900)","

Euplectes psammacromius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as E. psammocromius following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719244,Euplectes progne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,progne,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22719249,Euplectes jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,jacksoni,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1891)", 22719312,Nesocharis shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Nesocharis,shelleyi,,,,,"Alexander, 1903", 22719318,Nesocharis ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Nesocharis,ansorgei,,,,,"(Hartert, 1899)", 22719323,Nesocharis capistrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Nesocharis,capistrata,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1861)", 103813118,Pytilia phoenicoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pytilia,phoenicoptera,,,,,"Swainson, 1837",

Pytilia phoenicoptera and P. lineata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. phoenicoptera following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

22719349,Pytilia hypogrammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pytilia,hypogrammica,,,,,"Sharpe, 1870", 22719359,Cryptospiza reichenovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Cryptospiza,reichenovii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1874)", 22719369,Cryptospiza jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Cryptospiza,jacksoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1902", 22719389,Pyrenestes minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pyrenestes,minor,,,,,"Shelley, 1894", 22719403,Spermophaga ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Spermophaga,ruficapilla,,,,,"(Shelley, 1888)", 22719407,Clytospiza monteiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Clytospiza,monteiri,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1860", 22719411,Hypargos niveoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Hypargos,niveoguttatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 22719424,Euschistospiza cinereovinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Euschistospiza,cinereovinacea,,,,,"(Sousa, 1889)", 22719428,Lagonosticta rufopicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,rufopicta,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 22719434,Lagonosticta nitidula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,nitidula,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1886", 22719444,Lagonosticta rara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,rara,,,,,"(Antinori, 1864)", 103812687,Lagonosticta rhodopareia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,rhodopareia,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1868)",

Lagonosticta rhodopareia and L. umbrinodorsalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. rhodopareia.

 

 

103812904,Lagonosticta larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,larvata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)","

Lagonosticta larvata, L. nigricollis and L. vinacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. larvata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 22719488,Uraeginthus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Uraeginthus,angolensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719504,Granatina ianthinogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Granatina,ianthinogaster,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1879)","

Granatina ianthinogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Uraeginthus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719508,Granatina granatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Granatina,granatina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Granatina granatina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Uraeginthus and listed as U. granatinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719522,Estrilda perreini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,perreini,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22719528,Estrilda thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,thomensis,,,,,"Sousa, 1888", 22719548,Estrilda paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,paludicola,,,,,"Heuglin, 1863", 22719562,Estrilda rhodopyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,rhodopyga,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 22719566,Estrilda rufibarba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,rufibarba,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1851)", 22719581,Estrilda nigriloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,nigriloris,,,,,"Chapin, 1928", 22719589,Estrilda nonnula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,nonnula,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1883", 103813616,Estrilda kandti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,kandti,,,,,"Reichenow, 1902",

Estrilda atricapilla and E. kandti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. atricapilla following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

22719609,Estrilda charmosyna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,charmosyna,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1881)", 22719614,Amandava amandava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Amandava,amandava,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719650,Emblema pictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Emblema,pictum,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 22719654,Stagonopleura bella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Stagonopleura,bella,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22719657,Stagonopleura oculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Stagonopleura,oculata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22719663,Oreostruthus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Oreostruthus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1897)", 103817894,Neochmia phaeton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Neochmia,phaeton,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","

Neochmia phaeton and N. evangelinae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. phaeton following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22719676,Neochmia modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Neochmia,modesta,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22719682,Taeniopygia bichenovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Taeniopygia,bichenovii,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22719685,Poephila personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Poephila,personata,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 22719688,Poephila acuticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Poephila,acuticauda,,,,,"(Gould, 1840)", 22719692,Poephila cincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Poephila,cincta,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22719699,Erythrura prasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,prasina,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1788)", 22719721,Erythrura papuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,papuana,,,,,"Hartert, 1900", 22719729,Erythrura pealii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,pealii,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1852", 22719739,Erythrura kleinschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,kleinschmidti,,,,,"(Finsch, 1878)", 22719753,Lepidopygia nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lepidopygia,nana,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1845)","

Lepidopygia nana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Lonchura following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22719778,Odontospiza griseicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Odontospiza,griseicapilla,,,,,"(Delacour, 1943)","

Odontospiza griseicapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Lonchura following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22719782,Spermestes cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Spermestes,cucullata,,,,,"Swainson, 1837","

Spermestes cucullata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Lonchura following AOU (1998 & supplements); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719806,Lonchura striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,striata,,,,,"(Linnaus, 1766)", 22719809,Lonchura leucogastroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,leucogastroides,,,,,"(Horsfield & Moore, 1856)", 22719812,Lonchura fuscans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,fuscans,,,,,"(Cassin, 1852)", 22719821,Lonchura punctulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,punctulata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719828,Lonchura leucogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,leucogastra,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)", 22719847,Lonchura quinticolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,quinticolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1807)", 22719851,Lonchura maja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,maja,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22719857,Lonchura grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,grandis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1882)", 22719861,Lonchura vana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,vana,,,,,"(Hartert, 1930)", 22719867,Lonchura nevermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,nevermanni,,,,,"Stresemann, 1924", 22719870,Lonchura spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,spectabilis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1879)", 22719876,Lonchura forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,forbesi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1879)", 22719882,Lonchura flaviprymna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,flaviprymna,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)", 22719893,Lonchura teerinki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,teerinki,,,,,"Rand, 1940", 22719896,Lonchura montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,montana,,,,,"Junge, 1939", 22719900,Lonchura monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,monticola,,,,,"(De Vis, 1897)", 22719908,Heteromunia pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Heteromunia,pectoralis,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22719927,Amadina fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Amadina,fasciata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22719932,Amadina erythrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Amadina,erythrocephala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719962,Vidua purpurascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,purpurascens,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1883)", 22719972,Vidua hypocherina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,hypocherina,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1856", 22719977,Vidua fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,fischeri,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1882)", 22719982,Vidua regia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,regia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22720069,Spinus thibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,thibetanus,,,,,"(Hume, 1872)","

Spinus thibetanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720078,Serinus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,nigriceps,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840", 22720084,Crithagra citrinelloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,citrinelloides,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)","

Crithagra citrinelloides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720091,Crithagra frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,frontalis,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1904)","

Crithagra frontalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

 

" 22720105,Crithagra capistrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,capistrata,,,,,"Finsch, 1870","

Crithagra capistrata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. capistratus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720109,Crithagra koliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,koliensis,,,,,"(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1952)","

Crithagra koliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720113,Crithagra scotops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,scotops,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850","

Crithagra scotops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720117,Crithagra leucopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,leucopygia,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850","

Crithagra leucopygia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. leucopygius following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720127,Crithagra flavigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,flavigula,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1888)","

Crithagra flavigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720147,Crithagra xanthopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,xanthopygia,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)",

Crithagra xanthopygia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. xanthopygius following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22720154,Crithagra reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,reichenowi,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1888)","

Crithagra reichenowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720185,Crithagra donaldsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,donaldsoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1895","

Crithagra donaldsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720191,Crithagra buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,buchanani,,,,,"(Hartert, 1919)","

Crithagra buchanani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720197,Crithagra dorsostriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,dorsostriata,,,,,"Reichenow, 1887","

Crithagra dorsostriata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. dorsostriatus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720210,Crithagra albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,albogularis,,,,,"Smith, 1833","

Crithagra albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103762276,Crithagra gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,gularis,,,,,"(Smith,1836)",

Crithagra gularis and C. canicapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Serinus and lumped as S. gularis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22720231,Crithagra mennelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,mennelli,,,,,"(Chubb, 1908)","

Crithagra mennelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720236,Crithagra tristriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,tristriata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)","

Crithagra tristriata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. tristriatus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720267,Crithagra burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,burtoni,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)","

Crithagra burtoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720288,Crithagra totta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,totta,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1786)","

Crithagra totta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720292,Crithagra symonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,symonsi,,,,,"(Roberts, 1916)","

Crithagra symonsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720301,Serinus alario,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,alario,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103764840,Chrysocorythus estherae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chrysocorythus,estherae,,,,,"(Finsch, 1902)","

Chrysocorythus estherae and C. caniceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Serinus and lumped as S. estherae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720344,Chloris spinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chloris,spinoides,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)","

Chloris spinoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720347,Chloris ambigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chloris,ambigua,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1896)","

Chloris monguilloti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720359,Spinus pinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,pinus,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)","

Spinus pinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720383,Spinus magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,magellanicus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1805)","

Spinus magellanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis and listed as C. magellanica following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720389,Spinus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,olivaceus,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894","

Spinus olivaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis and listed as C. olivacea following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720401,Spinus atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,atratus,,,,,"Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, 1837","

Spinus atratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis and listed as C. atrata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720407,Spinus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,tristis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Spinus tristis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720413,Spinus lawrencei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,lawrencei,,,,,"(Cassin, 1852)","Spinus lawrencei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996)." 22720416,Spinus dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,dominicensis,,,,,"(Bryant, 1868)","

Spinus dominicensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720450,Linaria yemenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Linaria,yemenensis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","

Linaria yemenensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720546,Agraphospiza rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Agraphospiza,rubescens,,,,,"(Blanford, 1872)","Agraphospiza rubescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carpodacus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22720550,Procarduelis nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Procarduelis,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)","

Procarduelis nipalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carpodacus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720553,Haemorhous purpureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Haemorhous,purpureus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Haemorhous purpureus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carpodacus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720570,Carpodacus waltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,waltoni,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1905)","

Carpodacus waltoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as C. eos following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103834630,Carpodacus vinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,vinaceus,,,,,"Verreaux, 1871","

Carpodacus vinaceus and C. formosanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. vinaceus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103834861,Carpodacus synoicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,synoicus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)","

Carpodacus synoicus and C. stoliczkae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. synoicus following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720595,Carpodacus trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,trifasciatus,,,,,"Verreaux, 1871", 103834342,Carpodacus rodopeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,rodopeplus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)","

Carpodacus rodopeplus and C. verreauxii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rodopeplus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103836876,Carpodacus thura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,thura,,,,,"Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850","

Carpodacus thura and C. dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. thura following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720616,Carpodacus roborowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,roborowskii,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1887)", 22720635,Carpodacus sipahi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,sipahi,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)","

Carpodacus sipahi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Haematospiza following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103837801,Pyrrhula nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,nipalensis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836","

Pyrrhula nipalensis and P. waterstradti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. nipalensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720659,Pyrrhula leucogenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,leucogenis,,,,,"Grant, 1895", 22720665,Pyrrhula erythrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,erythrocephala,,,,,"Vigors, 1832", 22720684,Eophona migratoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Eophona,migratoria,,,,,"Hartert, 1903", 22720690,Mycerobas icterioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Mycerobas,icterioides,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22720693,Mycerobas affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Mycerobas,affinis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)", 22720696,Mycerobas melanozanthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Mycerobas,melanozanthos,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22720718,Pyrrhoplectes epauletta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhoplectes,epauletta,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22720742,Loxioides bailleui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxioides,bailleui,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1877)", 22720745,Rhodacanthis flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhodacanthis,flaviceps,,,,,"Rothschild, 1892", 22720749,Rhodacanthis palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhodacanthis,palmeri,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1892)", 22720753,Pseudonestor xanthophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pseudonestor,xanthophrys,,,,,"Rothschild, 1893", 22720756,Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorodrepanis,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Wilson, 1890)","

Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and listed as H. kauaiensis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720766,Chlorodrepanis virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorodrepanis,virens,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Chlorodrepanis virens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemignathus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720774,Magumma parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Magumma,parva,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1887)","

Magumma parva (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and listed as H. parvus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720784,Viridonia sagittirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Viridonia,sagittirostris,,,,,"Rothschild, 1892","

Viridonia sagittirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemignathus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Brooks (2000); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720799,Hemignathus wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Hemignathus,wilsoni,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)","

Hemignathus wilsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as H. munroi following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720814,Manucerthia mana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Manucerthia,mana,,,,,"(Wilson, 1891)","

Manucerthia mana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oreomystis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720818,Paroreomyza montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Paroreomyza,montana,,,,,"(Wilson, 1890)", 22720827,Paroreomyza maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Paroreomyza,maculata,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)", 103823991,Loxops coccineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxops,coccineus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Loxops coccineus, L. ochraceus and L. wolstenholmei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. coccineus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720840,Ciridops anna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Ciridops,anna,,,,,"(Dole, 1879)", 22720848,Drepanis pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Drepanis,pacifica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22720852,Drepanis funerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Drepanis,funerea,,,,,"Newton, 1893", 22720868,Urocynchramus pylzowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,UROCYNCHRAMIDAE,Urocynchramus,pylzowi,,,,,"Przewalski, 1876", 22720872,Emberiza lathami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,lathami,,,,,"Gray, 1831","

Emberiza lathami (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Melophus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720902,Emberiza cioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,cioides,,,,,"Brandt, 1843", 22735007,Emberiza striolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,striolata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","

Emberiza striolata and E. sahari (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. striolata following Cramp and Simmons (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103767669,Emberiza tahapisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,tahapisi,,,,,"Smith, 1836","

Emberiza tahapisi and E. goslingi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. tahapisi following Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720948,Emberiza tristrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,tristrami,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1870", 22720951,Emberiza fucata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,fucata,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22720957,Emberiza chrysophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,chrysophrys,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22720969,Emberiza rutila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,rutila,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22720972,Emberiza flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,flaviventris,,,,,"Stephens, 1815", 22720977,Emberiza poliopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,poliopleura,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1888)", 22720982,Emberiza affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,affinis,,,,,"Heuglin, 1867", 22720986,Emberiza cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,cabanisi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1875", 103768039,Emberiza spodocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,spodocephala,,,,,"Pallas, 1776","

Emberiza spodocephala and E. personata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. spodocephala following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22721150,Ammodramus aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Ammodramus,aurifrons,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22721240,Rhynchospiza strigiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Rhynchospiza,strigiceps,,,,,"(Gould, 1839)", 22721248,Rhynchospiza stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Rhynchospiza,stolzmanni,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1877)", 22721323,Melozone crissalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,crissalis,,,,,"(Vigors, 1839)", 22721372,Arremon schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,schlegeli,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 103771491,Arremon taciturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,taciturnus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)",

The subspecies Arremon taciturnus nigrirostris is synonymised with A. taciturnus after Buainain et al. (2017) could find no evidence to diagnose the form. Consequently A. taciturnus is now considered monotypic.

Arremon taciturnus and A. axillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. taciturnus following SACC (2005 & updates); Stotz et al. (1996).

103771714,Arremon abeillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,abeillei,,,,,"Lesson, 1844","

Arremon abeillei and A. nigriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. abeillei following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22721395,Arremonops tocuyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremonops,tocuyensis,,,,,"Todd, 1912", 22721414,Atlapetes pallidinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,pallidinucha,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22721434,Atlapetes melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1880)", 103774148,Atlapetes tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,tricolor,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)","

Atlapetes tricolor and A. crassus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. tricolor following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103773936,Atlapetes albofrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,albofrenatus,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","

Atlapetes albofrenatus and A. meridae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. albofrenatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22721470,Atlapetes nationi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,nationi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1881)", 103774822,Atlapetes leucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,leucopterus,,,,,"(Jardine, 1856)","

Atlapetes leucopterus and A. paynteri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. leucopterus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22721482,Atlapetes albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,albiceps,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1884)", 22721499,Atlapetes semirufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,semirufus,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22721509,Atlapetes fulviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,fulviceps,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22721514,Atlapetes citrinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,citrinellus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1883)", 22721587,Paroaria dominicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Paroaria,dominicana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22721711,Setophaga adelaidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,adelaidae,,,,,"(Baird, 1865)",

Setophaga adelaidae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

22721716,Setophaga pityophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,pityophila,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1858)","

Setophaga pityophila (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721743,Setophaga plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,plumbea,,,,,"Lawrence, 1878","

Setophaga plumbea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721746,Setophaga pharetra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,pharetra,,,,,"(Gosse, 1847)","

Setophaga pharetra (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721845,Geothlypis rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,rostrata,,,,,"Bryant, 1867", 22721867,Teretistris fernandinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TERETISTRIDAE,Teretistris,fernandinae,,,,,"(Lembeye, 1850)", 22721870,Teretistris fornsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TERETISTRIDAE,Teretistris,fornsi,,,,,"Gundlach, 1858", 22721885,Cardellina rubrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Cardellina,rubrifrons,,,,,"(Giraud, 1841)", 22721902,Myioborus castaneocapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,castaneocapilla,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1849)", 22721915,Myioborus brunniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,brunniceps,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22721925,Myioborus albifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,albifacies,,,,,"Phelps & Phelps, 1946", 22721929,Myioborus cardonai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,cardonai,,,,,"Zimmer & Phelps, 1945", 22721938,Myioborus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22721947,Myioborus albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,albifrons,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)", 22721958,Myiothlypis fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,fraseri,,,,,"Sclater, 1884","

Myiothlypis fraseri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721975,Myiothlypis nigrocristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,nigrocristata,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)","

Myiothlypis nigrocristata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and listed as B. nigrocristatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721978,Basileuterus griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,griseiceps,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1869", 22721985,Myiothlypis cinereicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,cinereicollis,,,,,"Sclater, 1865","

Myiothlypis cinereicollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721989,Myiothlypis conspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,conspicillata,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1880","

Myiothlypis conspicillata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and listed as B. conspicillatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721992,Myiothlypis coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,coronata,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Myiothlypis coronata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and listed as B. coronatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22722005,Basileuterus trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,trifasciatus,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1881", 22722035,Myiothlypis leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,leucophrys,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868","

Myiothlypis leucophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722054,Zeledonia coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZELEDONIIDAE,Zeledonia,coronata,,,,,"Ridgway, 1889", 22722102,Conirostrum ferrugineiventre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,ferrugineiventre,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22722105,Conirostrum rufum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,rufum,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843", 22722108,Conirostrum sitticolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,sitticolor,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1840", 22722111,Conirostrum albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,albifrons,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1842", 22722139,Lamprospiza melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MITROSPINGIDAE,Lamprospiza,melanoleuca,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22722177,Chlorospingus semifuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,semifuscus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1873", 22722216,Kleinothraupis calophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Kleinothraupis,calophrys,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","

Kleinothraupis calophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722223,Thlypopsis superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,superciliaris,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)","

Thlypopsis superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722226,Kleinothraupis reyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Kleinothraupis,reyi,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1885)","

Kleinothraupis reyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722230,Sphenopsis frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sphenopsis,frontalis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Sphenopsis frontalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722245,Pseudospingus xanthophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pseudospingus,xanthophthalmus,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)","

Pseudospingus xanthophthalmus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722248,Microspingus trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,trifasciatus,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1874","

Microspingus trifasciatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722251,Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,pyrrhocoma,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)","

Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Pyrrhocoma and listed as P. ruficeps following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722254,Thlypopsis fulviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,fulviceps,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851", 22722257,Thlypopsis ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,ornata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22722263,Thlypopsis sordida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,sordida,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22722269,Thlypopsis ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,ruficeps,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22722272,Hemithraupis guira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Hemithraupis,guira,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722275,Hemithraupis ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Hemithraupis,ruficapilla,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22722287,Chrysothlypis salmoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chrysothlypis,salmoni,,,,,"(Sclater, 1886)", 22722320,Mitrospingus oleagineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MITROSPINGIDAE,Mitrospingus,oleagineus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1886)", 22722347,Lanio fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Lanio,fulvus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22722351,Lanio versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Lanio,versicolor,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22722355,Lanio aurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Lanio,aurantius,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1846", 22722366,Creurgops dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Creurgops,dentatus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)", 22722385,Islerothraupis rufiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Islerothraupis,rufiventer,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)","

Islerothraupis rufiventer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tachyphonus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722406,Trichothraupis melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Trichothraupis,melanops,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22722456,Piranga rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,rubra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22722466,Piranga olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,olivacea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22722471,Piranga ludoviciana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,ludoviciana,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)", 22722486,Piranga rubriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,rubriceps,,,,,"Gray, 1844", 22722491,Calochaetes coccineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Calochaetes,coccineus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22722503,Ramphocelus melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,melanogaster,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22722507,Ramphocelus carbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,carbo,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22722510,Ramphocelus bresilius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,bresilius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722531,Tangara glaucocolpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,glaucocolpa,,,,,"Cabanis, 1850","

Tangara glaucocolpa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Thraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722534,Tangara sayaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,sayaca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Tangara sayaca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Thraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722540,Tangara ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,ornata,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1789)","

Tangara ornata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Thraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722567,Bangsia melanochlamys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Bangsia,melanochlamys,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1910)", 22722576,Bangsia rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Bangsia,rothschildi,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1897)", 22722584,Bangsia edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Bangsia,edwardsi,,,,,"(Elliot, 1865)", 22722601,Buthraupis montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Buthraupis,montana,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22722611,Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cnemathraupis,aureodorsalis,,,,,"(Blake & Hocking, 1974)","

Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Buthraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722621,Wetmorethraupis sterrhopteron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Wetmorethraupis,sterrhopteron,,,,,"Lowery & O'Neill, 1964", 22722651,Anisognathus notabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Anisognathus,notabilis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)", 22722656,Stephanophorus diadematus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Stephanophorus,diadematus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22722669,Iridosornis analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Iridosornis,analis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22722672,Iridosornis jelskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Iridosornis,jelskii,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 22722678,Iridosornis reinhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Iridosornis,reinhardti,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)", 22722686,Dubusia castaneoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dubusia,castaneoventris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1851)","

Dubusia castaneoventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Delothraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722691,Pipraeidea melanonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pipraeidea,melanonota,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22722694,Euphonia jamaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,jamaica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722712,Euphonia concinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,concinna,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22722718,Euphonia finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,finschi,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1877", 22722721,Euphonia violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,violacea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22722730,Euphonia chalybea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,chalybea,,,,,"(Mikan, 1825)", 22722753,Euphonia chrysopasta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,chrysopasta,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1869", 22722757,Euphonia mesochrysa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,mesochrysa,,,,,"Salvadori, 1873", 22722772,Euphonia cayennensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,cayennensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22722781,Chlorophonia cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorophonia,cyanea,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1822)", 22722784,Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorophonia,pyrrhophrys,,,,,"(Sclater, 1851)", 22722820,Tangara chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,chilensis,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)", 22722823,Tangara fastuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,fastuosa,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 22722827,Tangara seledon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,seledon,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22722830,Tangara cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cyanocephala,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22722836,Tangara cyanoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cyanoventris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22722839,Tangara johannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,johannae,,,,,"(Dalmas, 1900)", 22722842,Tangara schrankii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,schrankii,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22722854,Tangara xanthocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,xanthocephala,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22722857,Tangara chrysotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,chrysotis,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1846)", 22722894,Tangara preciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,preciosa,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)", 22722897,Tangara vitriolina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,vitriolina,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)", 22722912,Tangara cyanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cyanotis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22722921,Tangara nigrocincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,nigrocincta,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)", 22722930,Tangara nigroviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,nigroviridis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22722942,Tangara viridicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,viridicollis,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1884)", 22722958,Tangara callophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,callophrys,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1849)", 22722961,Iridophanes pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Iridophanes,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1853)", 22722997,Dacnis berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,berlepschi,,,,,"Hartert, 1900", 22723003,Cyanerpes nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cyanerpes,nitidus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1847)", 22723018,Tersina viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tersina,viridis,,,,,"(Illiger, 1811)", 22723028,Urothraupis stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Urothraupis,stolzmanni,,,,,"Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885", 22723042,Saltator multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,multicolor,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1860)","

Saltator multicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Saltatricula following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723055,Rhodospingus cruentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Rhodospingus,cruentus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1844)", 22723059,Phrygilus atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Phrygilus,atriceps,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22723064,Phrygilus punensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Phrygilus,punensis,,,,,"Ridgway, 1887", 22723069,Phrygilus gayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Phrygilus,gayi,,,,,"(Gervais, 1834)", 22723075,Phrygilus patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Phrygilus,patagonicus,,,,,"(Gould, 1839)", 22723085,Geospizopsis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospizopsis,unicolor,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Geospizopsis unicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phrygilus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723090,Ephippiospingus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ephippiospingus,dorsalis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1883","

Ephippiospingus dorsalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phrygilus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723095,Ephippiospingus erythronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ephippiospingus,erythronotus,,,,,"(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)","

Ephippiospingus erythronotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phrygilus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723100,Geospizopsis plebejus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospizopsis,plebejus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Geospizopsis plebejus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phrygilus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723105,Corydospiza carbonaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Corydospiza,carbonaria,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Corydospiza carbonaria (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phrygilus and listed as P. carbonarius following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723119,Melanodera xanthogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Melanodera,xanthogramma,,,,,"(Gould & G.R. Gray, 1839)", 22723125,Haplospiza unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Haplospiza,unicolor,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851", 22723137,Lophospingus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Lophospingus,pusillus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1860)", 22723140,Lophospingus griseocristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Lophospingus,griseocristatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22723144,Donacospiza albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Donacospiza,albifrons,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22723169,Chionodacryon speculiferum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chionodacryon,speculiferum,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Chionodacryon speculiferum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Diuca and listed as D. speculifera following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723214,Castanozoster thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Castanozoster,thoracicus,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1835)","

Castanozoster thoracicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza and listed as P. thoracica following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723219,Poospiza boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,boliviana,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888", 22723224,Microspingus alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,alticola,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)","

Microspingus alticola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723237,Poospiza ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,ornata,,,,,"(Leybold, 1865)", 22723242,Microspingus erythrophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,erythrophrys,,,,,"(Sclater, 1881)","

Microspingus erythrophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723275,Poospiza baeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,baeri,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1904)",

Poospiza baeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Compsospiza following SACC (2009).

 

22723282,Poospizopsis caesar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospizopsis,caesar,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1869","

Poospizopsis caesar (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723286,Poospiza hispaniolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,hispaniolensis,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 22723296,Microspingus melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,melanoleucus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Microspingus melanoleucus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza and listed as P. melanoleuca following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723311,Sicalis lutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,lutea,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22723316,Sicalis uropigyalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,uropigyalis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Sicalis uropigyalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was listed as S. uropygialis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723321,Sicalis luteocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,luteocephala,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22723326,Sicalis auriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,auriventris,,,,,"Philippi & Landbeck, 1864", 22723336,Sicalis lebruni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,lebruni,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1891)", 22723362,Sicalis raimondii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,raimondii,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1874", 22723367,Sicalis taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,taczanowskii,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888", 22723386,Embernagra platensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Embernagra,platensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22723391,Embernagra longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Embernagra,longicauda,,,,,"Strickland, 1844", 22723410,Sporophila intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,intermedia,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851", 22723428,Sporophila collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,collaris,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22723437,Sporophila luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,luctuosa,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 105963139,Sporophila nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,nigricollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22723454,Sporophila albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,albogularis,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22723460,Sporophila peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,peruviana,,,,,"(Lesson, 1842)", 22723463,Sporophila simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,simplex,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)", 22723492,Sporophila castaneiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,castaneiventris,,,,,"Cabanis, 1849", 22723570,Catamenia analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Catamenia,analis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22723573,Catamenia inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Catamenia,inornata,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1847)", 22723577,Catamenia homochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Catamenia,homochroa,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22723584,Asemospiza obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Asemospiza,obscura,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Asemospiza obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tiaris and listed as T. obscurus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723622,Loxipasser anoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Loxipasser,anoxanthus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1847)", 22723625,Pyrrhulagra portoricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pyrrhulagra,portoricensis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)","

Pyrrhulagra portoricensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Loxigilla following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723628,Pyrrhulagra violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pyrrhulagra,violacea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Pyrrhulagra violacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Loxigilla following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723644,Diglossa sittoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,sittoides,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22723660,Diglossa lafresnayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,lafresnayii,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22723664,Diglossa mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,mystacalis,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1846", 22723668,Diglossa gloriosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,gloriosa,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1870", 22723673,Diglossa humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,humeralis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1840)", 22723677,Diglossa brunneiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,brunneiventris,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1846", 22723681,Diglossa carbonaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,carbonaria,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22723701,Diglossa glauca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,glauca,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1876", 22723715,Diglossa cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,cyanea,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)", 22723722,Euneornis campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Euneornis,campestris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22723729,Geospiza magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,magnirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22723734,Geospiza fortis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,fortis,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22723739,Geospiza fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,fuliginosa,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22723752,Geospiza scandens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,scandens,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22723762,Platyspiza crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Platyspiza,crassirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22723778,Geospiza parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,parvula,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","

Geospiza parvula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Camarhynchus and listed as C. parvulus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723796,Spiza americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Spiza,americana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22723816,Pheucticus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Pheucticus,melanocephalus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 22723822,Cardinalis phoeniceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cardinalis,phoeniceus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838", 22723825,Cardinalis sinuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cardinalis,sinuatus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838", 22723892,Saltator aurantiirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,aurantiirostris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22723895,Saltator maxillosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,maxillosus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851", 22723907,Saltator albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,albicollis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22723912,Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cyanoloxia,glaucocaerulea,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22723932,Cyanoloxia brissonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cyanoloxia,brissonii,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22723948,Passerina amoena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Passerina,amoena,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 22723988,Psarocolius atrovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,atrovirens,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22723997,Cacicus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,latirostris,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)","

Cacicus latirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ocyalus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724034,Cacicus haemorrhous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,haemorrhous,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22724054,Cacicus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,sclateri,,,,,"(Dubois, 1887)", 22724057,Cacicus solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,solitarius,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22724090,Icterus leucopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,leucopteryx,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22724102,Icterus graceannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,graceannae,,,,,"Cassin, 1867", 22724131,Icterus cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,cucullatus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 103793298,Icterus spurius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,spurius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Icterus spurius and I. fuertesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. spurius following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724169,Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Xanthocephalus,xanthocephalus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1826)", 22724271,Curaeus curaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Curaeus,curaeus,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22724277,Gnorimopsar chopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Gnorimopsar,chopi,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22724280,Oreopsar bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Oreopsar,bolivianus,,,,,"Sclater, 1939", 22724286,Macroagelaius imthurni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Macroagelaius,imthurni,,,,,"(Sclater, 1881)", 22724294,Ptiloxena atroviolacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Ptiloxena,atroviolacea,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839)","

Ptiloxena atroviolacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dives and listed as D. atroviolaceus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724311,Quiscalus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Quiscalus,major,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22724332,Euphagus cyanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Euphagus,cyanocephalus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22724367,Dolichonyx oryzivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Dolichonyx,oryzivorus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22724370,Pogoniulus makawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,makawai,,,,,"Benson & Irwin, 1965", 22724390,Otus enganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,enganensis,,,,,"Riley, 1927","Otus magicus and O. tempestatis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. magicus, and O. alfredi, O. siaoensis, O. enganensis, O. insularis and O. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split from O. magicus following Widodo et al. (1999), Lambert and Rasmussen (1998), Andrew (1992) and Holt et al. (1999). Prior to that all these taxa were lumped in O. magicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22724396,Otus alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,alfredi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1897)","Otus magicus and O. tempestatis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. magicus, and O. alfredi, O. siaoensis, O. enganensis, O. insularis and O. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split from O. magicus following Widodo et al. (1999), Lambert and Rasmussen (1998), Andrew (1992) and Holt et al. (1999). Prior to that all these taxa were lumped in O. magicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22724415,Contopus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,pallidus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1847)", 22724420,Contopus hispaniolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,hispaniolensis,,,,,"(Bryant, 1867)", 22724433,Phylloscopus emeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,emeiensis,,,,,"Alström & Olsson, 1995", 22724449,Dromaius baudinianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,CASUARIIDAE,Dromaius,baudinianus,,,,,"S. A. Parker, 1984", 22724472,Scytalopus schulenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,schulenbergi,,,,,"Whitney, 1994", 22724481,Neopelma chrysolophum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Neopelma,chrysolophum,,,,,"Pinto, 1944", 22724495,Phylloscartes beckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,beckeri,,,,,"Gonzaga & Pacheco, 1995", 22724523,Phapitreron brunneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,brunneiceps,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)", 22724537,Calicalicus rufocarpalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Calicalicus,rufocarpalis,,,,,"Goodman, Hawkins & Domergue, 1997", 22724542,Nesillas lantzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Nesillas,lantzii,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)", 22724553,Cyanoramphus forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoramphus,forbesi,,,,,"Rothschild, 1893", 22724604,Glaucidium nubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,nubicola,,,,,"Robbins & Stiles, 1999", 22724613,Phylloscartes parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,parkeri,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Stotz, 1997", 22724623,Chlorostilbon olivaresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,olivaresi,,,,,"Stiles, 1996", 22724652,Pteroglossus erythropygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,erythropygius,,,,,"Gould, 1843","

Pteroglossus torquatus, P. sanguineus and P. erythropygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. torquatus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as P. torquatus, P. sanguineus and P. erythropygius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22724690,Phylloscartes sylviolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,sylviolus,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1859)", 22724696,Pogonotriccus eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pogonotriccus,eximius,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)",Pogonotriccus eximius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylloscartes eximius. 22724744,Sarkidiornis sylvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Sarkidiornis,sylvicola,,,,,"H. & R. Ihering, 1907","Sarkidiornis melanotos and S. sylvicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. melanotos following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), and prior to that had been split as S. melanotos and S. sylvicola in Collar and Andrew (1988),

" 22724754,Otus beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,beccarii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","Otus magicus and O. tempestatis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. magicus, and O. alfredi, O. siaoensis, O. enganensis, O. insularis and O. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split from O. magicus following Widodo et al. (1999), Lambert and Rasmussen (1998), Andrew (1992) and Holt et al. (1999). Prior to that all these taxa were lumped in O. magicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22724773,Phibalura flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Phibalura,flavirostris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22724784,Phibalura boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Phibalura,boliviana,,,,,"Chapman, 1930", 22724829,Cissa jefferyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cissa,jefferyi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888", 22724857,Sipia laemosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sipia,laemosticta,,,,,"(Salvin, 1865)",

Sipia laemosticta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza laemosticta.

 

22724868,Sipia palliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sipia,palliata,,,,,"(Todd, 1917)",

Sipia palliata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza palliata.

 

103658813,Willisornis poecilinotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Willisornis,poecilinotus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1847)",

Willisornis poecilinotus and W. nigrigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as W. poecilinotus following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

22724941,Willisornis vidua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Willisornis,vidua,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1905)", 22724967,Aphelocoma wollweberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Aphelocoma,wollweberi,,,,,"Kaup, 1854", 22724997,Apus horus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,horus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1869)", 22725053,Otus everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,everetti,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1897)","

Otus megalotis, O. everetti and O. nigrorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. megalotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725071,Ramphiculus epius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,epius,,,,,"(Oberholser, 1918)","

Ramphiculus subgularis, R. epius and R. mangoliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus and lumped as P. subgularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22725132,Phodilus assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Phodilus,assimilis,,,,,"Hume, 1877","

Phodilus badius and P. assimilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. badius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22725167,Rallus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,indicus,,,,,"Blyth, 1849","

Rallus aquaticus and R. indicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. aquaticus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725191,Bambusicola thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Bambusicola,thoracicus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)","

Bambusicola thoracicus and B. sonorivox (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. thoracicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), the gender agreement of which follows David and Gosselin (2002b).

" 22725205,Bambusicola sonorivox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Bambusicola,sonorivox,,,,,"Gould, 1862","

Bambusicola thoracicus and B. sonorivox (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. thoracicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), the gender agreement of which follows David and Gosselin (2002b).

" 22725212,Guttera pucherani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Guttera,pucherani,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)","

Guttera pucherani, G. edouardi and G. verreauxi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. pucherani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725223,Guttera edouardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Guttera,edouardi,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1867)","

Guttera pucherani, G. edouardi and G. verreauxi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. pucherani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725229,Vanellus miles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,miles,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Vanellus miles and V. novaehollandiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as V. miles following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725241,Vanellus novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,novaehollandiae,,,,,"Stephens, 1819","

Vanellus miles and V. novaehollandiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as V. miles following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725247,Otidiphaps nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Otidiphaps,nobilis,,,,,"Gould, 1870","Otidiphaps nobilis, O. aruensis, O. cervicalis and O. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725258,Otidiphaps cervicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Otidiphaps,cervicalis,,,,,"Ramsay, 1880","Otidiphaps nobilis, O. aruensis, O. cervicalis and O. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725264,Patagioenas fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,fasciata,,,,,"Say, 1823","Patagioenas fasciata and P. albilinea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. fasciata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725270,Patagioenas albilinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,albilinea,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)","Patagioenas fasciata and P. albilinea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. fasciata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725273,Ptilinopus superbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,superbus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)","Ptilinopus superbus and P. temminckii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. superbus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725286,Ptilinopus temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,temminckii,,,,,"(Des Murs and Prévost, 1849)","Ptilinopus superbus and P. temminckii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. superbus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725292,Ducula basilica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,basilica,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1854","Ducula basilica and D. obiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. basilica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725321,Trichoglossus capistratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,capistratus,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1811)","

Trichoglossus haematodus, T. forsteni, T. capistratus, T. weberi, T. rubritorquis, T. moluccanus and T. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. haematodus following Christidis and Boles (1994), and before then were split as T. haematodus and T. rubritorquis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725327,Trichoglossus rubritorquis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,rubritorquis,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","

Trichoglossus haematodus, T. forsteni, T. capistratus, T. weberi, T. rubritorquis, T. moluccanus and T. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. haematodus following Christidis and Boles (1994), and before then were split as T. haematodus and T. rubritorquis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725340,Charmosyna papou,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,papou,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","

Charmosyna papou and C. stellae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. papou following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725349,Charmosyna stellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,stellae,,,,,"A. B. Meyer, 1886","

Charmosyna papou and C. stellae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. papou following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725355,Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyclopsitta,gulielmitertii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)","

Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii, C. melanogenia, C. amabilis and C. nigrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. gulielmitertii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725367,Cyclopsitta melanogenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyclopsitta,melanogenia,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)","

Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii, C. melanogenia, C. amabilis and C. nigrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. gulielmitertii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725373,Cyclopsitta amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyclopsitta,amabilis,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1891)","

Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii, C. melanogenia, C. amabilis and C. nigrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. gulielmitertii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725405,Corythaixoides personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Corythaixoides,personatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1842)","

Corythaixoides personatus and C. leopoldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. personatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725417,Corythaixoides leopoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Corythaixoides,leopoldi,,,,,"(Shelley, 1881)","

Corythaixoides personatus and C. leopoldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. personatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725423,Phaenicophaeus curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Phaenicophaeus,curvirostris,,,,,"(Shaw, 1810)","

Phaenicophaeus curvirostris and P. oeneicaudus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. curvirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725431,Phaenicophaeus oeneicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Phaenicophaeus,oeneicaudus,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855","

Phaenicophaeus curvirostris and P. oeneicaudus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. curvirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725447,Coua olivaceiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,olivaceiceps,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1873)","

Coua ruficeps and C. olivaceiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. ruficeps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725477,Strix nivicolum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,nivicolum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)","

Strix aluco and S. nivicolum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. aluco following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725483,Ninox philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,philippensis,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1855","

Ninox philippensis, N. spilocephala, N. leventisi, N. reyi, N. rumseyi, N. spilonotus and N. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725538,Chalcophaps indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Chalcophaps,indica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Chalcophaps indica and C. longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. indica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725548,Chalcophaps longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Chalcophaps,longirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1848","

Chalcophaps indica and C. longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. indica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725554,Treron affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,affinis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1840)","

Treron pompadora, T. affinis, T. chloropterus, T. phayrei, T. axillaris and T. aromaticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. pompadora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725560,Treron pompadora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,pompadora,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Treron pompadora, T. affinis, T. chloropterus, T. phayrei, T. axillaris and T. aromaticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. pompadora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725599,Psittaculirostris desmarestii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittaculirostris,desmarestii,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1826)","

Psittaculirostris desmarestii, P. godmani and P. cervicalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. desmarestii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725611,Psittaculirostris godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittaculirostris,godmani,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","

Psittaculirostris desmarestii, P. godmani and P. cervicalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. desmarestii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725617,Psittaculirostris cervicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittaculirostris,cervicalis,,,,,"(Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1876)","

Psittaculirostris desmarestii, P. godmani and P. cervicalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. desmarestii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725623,Ceuthmochares aereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Ceuthmochares,aereus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Ceuthmochares aereus and C. australis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. aereus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725637,Ceuthmochares australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Ceuthmochares,australis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1873","

Ceuthmochares aereus and C. australis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. aereus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725653,Ninox japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,japonica,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)","

Ninox scutulata, N. japonica, N. randi and N. obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. scutulata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725672,Eurostopodus nigripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eurostopodus,nigripennis,,,,,"Ramsay, 1881","

Eurostopodus mystacalis, E. nigripennis and E. exul (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. mystacalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725678,Systellura longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Systellura,longirostris,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1825)","Systellura longirostris, S. decussata and S. roraimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus and lumped as C. longirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725686,Systellura decussata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Systellura,decussata,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","Systellura longirostris, S. decussata and S. roraimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus and lumped as C. longirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725692,Caprimulgus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,indicus,,,,,"Latham, 1790","Caprimulgus indicus, C. jotaka and C. phalaena (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. indicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725702,Caprimulgus jotaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,jotaka,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1847","Caprimulgus indicus, C. jotaka and C. phalaena (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. indicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725708,Caprimulgus macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,macrurus,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821","

Caprimulgus macrurus and C. andamanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. macrurus following Sangster & Rozendaal (2004), and before then were also lumped with C. meesi as C. macrurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725716,Caprimulgus andamanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,andamanicus,,,,,"Hume, 1873","

Caprimulgus macrurus and C. andamanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. macrurus following Sangster & Rozendaal (2004), and before then were also lumped with C. meesi as C. macrurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725723,Phaethornis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,longirostris,,,,,"(DeLattre, 1843)","

Phaethornis longirostris, P. mexicanus and P. baroni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. longirostris following SACC (2005), and before then were also lumped with P. superciliosus as P. superciliosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725731,Phaethornis baroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,baroni,,,,,"Hartert, 1897","

Phaethornis longirostris, P. mexicanus and P. baroni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. longirostris following SACC (2005), and before then were also lumped with P. superciliosus as P. superciliosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725737,Anthracothorax dominicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,dominicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Anthracothorax dominicus and A. aurulentus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. dominicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725745,Anthracothorax aurulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,aurulentus,,,,,"(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)","

Anthracothorax dominicus and A. aurulentus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. dominicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725751,Stephanoxis lalandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Stephanoxis,lalandi,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Stephanoxis lalandi and S. loddigesii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. lalandi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725761,Stephanoxis loddigesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Stephanoxis,loddigesii,,,,,"(Gould, 1831)","

Stephanoxis lalandi and S. loddigesii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. lalandi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725795,Lampornis castaneoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,castaneoventris,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)","

Lampornis castaneoventris and L. cinereicauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. castaneoventris following SACC (2006), which in turn was previously lumped with L. calolaemus as L. castaneoventris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725806,Lampornis cinereicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,cinereicauda,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)","

Lampornis castaneoventris and L. cinereicauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. castaneoventris following SACC (2005), which in turn was previously lumped with L. calolaemus as L. castaneoventris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725814,Urochroa bougueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Urochroa,bougueri,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)","

Urochroa bougueri and U. leucura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as U. bougueri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725822,Urochroa leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Urochroa,leucura,,,,,"Lawrence, 1864","

Urochroa bougueri and U. leucura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as U. bougueri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725828,Tanysiptera sylvia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,sylvia,,,,,"Gould, 1850","

Tanysiptera sylvia and T. nigriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. sylvia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725840,Tanysiptera nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,nigriceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1877","

Tanysiptera sylvia and T. nigriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. sylvia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725856,Halcyon gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,gularis,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","

Halcyon smyrnensis and H. gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. smyrnensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725870,Todiramphus pelewensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,pelewensis,,,,,"(Wiglesworth, 1891)","

Todiramphus cinnamominus, T. pelewensis and T. reichenbachii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. cinnamominus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).


" 22725900,Merops viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,viridis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Merops viridis and M. americanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. viridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725908,Merops americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,americanus,,,,,"P. L. S. Müller, 1776","

Merops viridis and M. americanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. viridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725914,Coracias benghalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,benghalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Coracias benghalensis and C. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. benghalensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725924,Coracias affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,affinis,,,,,"McClelland, 1839","

Coracias benghalensis and C. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. benghalensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725930,Tockus erythrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Tockus,erythrorhynchus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)","

Tockus erythrorhynchus and T. damarensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. erythrorhynchus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725940,Tockus damarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Tockus,damarensis,,,,,"(Shelley, 1888)","

Tockus erythrorhynchus and T. damarensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. erythrorhynchus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725946,Horizocerus albocristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Horizocerus,albocristatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1848)","

Horizocerus albocristatus and H. cassini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Tropicranus and lumped as T. albocristatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)

" 22725956,Horizocerus cassini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Horizocerus,cassini,,,,,"(Finsch, 1903)","

Horizocerus albocristatus and H. cassini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Tropicranus and lumped as T. albocristatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)

" 22725974,Bycanistes sharpii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bycanistes,sharpii,,,,,"(Elliot, 1873)","

Bycanistes fistulator and B. sharpii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. fistulator following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993), and before then were present in the genus Ceratogymna as C. fistulator following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725980,Trachylaemus purpuratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachylaemus,purpuratus,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","

Trachylaemus purpuratus, T. goffinii and T. togoensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Trachyphonus and lumped as Trachyphonus purpuratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725990,Trachylaemus goffinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachylaemus,goffinii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1863)","

Trachylaemus purpuratus, T. goffinii and T. togoensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Trachyphonus and lumped as Trachyphonus purpuratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725996,Trachylaemus togoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachylaemus,togoensis,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)","

Trachylaemus purpuratus, T. goffinii and T. togoensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Trachyphonus and lumped as Trachyphonus purpuratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726002,Trachyphonus darnaudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachyphonus,darnaudii,,,,,"(Prévost & Des Murs, 1847)","

Trachyphonus darnaudii and T. emini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. darnaudii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726010,Trachyphonus emini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Trachyphonus,emini,,,,,"Reichenow, 1891","

Trachyphonus darnaudii and T. emini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. darnaudii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726016,Gymnobucco calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Gymnobucco,calvus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1841)","

Gymnobucco calvus and G. vernayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. calvus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726032,Gymnobucco bonapartei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Gymnobucco,bonapartei,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1854","

Gymnobucco bonapartei and G. cinereiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. bonapartei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726043,Gymnobucco cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Gymnobucco,cinereiceps,,,,,"Sharpe, 1891","

Gymnobucco bonapartei and G. cinereiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. bonapartei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726050,Stactolaema leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Stactolaema,leucotis,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)","

Stactolaema leucotis and S. leucogrammica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. leucotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726061,Stactolaema leucogrammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Stactolaema,leucogrammica,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1915)","

Stactolaema leucotis and S. leucogrammica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. leucotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726068,Lybius leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Defilippi, 1853)","

Lybius leucocephalus, L. senex and L. leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. leucocephalus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726079,Lybius senex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,senex,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)","

Lybius leucocephalus, L. senex and L. leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. leucocephalus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726092,Pogonornis minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogonornis,minor,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)","

Pogonornis minor and P. macclounii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Lybius and lumped as L. minor following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726102,Pogonornis macclounii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogonornis,macclounii,,,,,"(Shelley, 1899)","

Pogonornis minor and P. macclounii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Lybius and lumped as L. minor following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726108,Psilopogon franklinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,franklinii,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)","

Psilopogon franklinii and P. auricularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. franklinii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726116,Psilopogon auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,auricularis,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","

Psilopogon franklinii and P. auricularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. franklinii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726122,Psilopogon australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,australis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Psilopogon australis, P. cyanotis and P. duvaucelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726130,Psilopogon cyanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,cyanotis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)","

Psilopogon australis, P. cyanotis and P. duvaucelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726142,Psilopogon rubricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,rubricapillus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Psilopogon rubricapillus and P. malabaricus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. rubricapillus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), with the gender agreement following David and Gosselin (2002a).

" 22726150,Psilopogon malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,malabaricus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)","

Psilopogon rubricapillus and P. malabaricus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. rubricapillus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), with the gender agreement following David and Gosselin (2002a).

" 22726156,Eubucco richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Eubucco,richardsoni,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)","

Eubucco richardsoni and E. aurantiicollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. richardsoni following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726164,Eubucco aurantiicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Eubucco,aurantiicollis,,,,,"Sclater, 1858","

Eubucco richardsoni and E. aurantiicollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. richardsoni following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726170,Aulacorhynchus prasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,prasinus,,,,,"(Gould, 1834)","Aulacorhynchus prasinus, A. wagleri, A. caeruleogularis, A. albivitta, A. cyanolaemus and A. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. prasinus following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726177,Aulacorhynchus wagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,wagleri,,,,,"(Strum, 1841)","Aulacorhynchus prasinus, A. wagleri, A. caeruleogularis, A. albivitta, A. cyanolaemus and A. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. prasinus following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726180,Aulacorhynchus cyanolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,cyanolaemus,,,,,"(Gould, 1866)","Aulacorhynchus prasinus, A. wagleri, A. caeruleogularis, A. albivitta, A. cyanolaemus and A. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. prasinus following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726183,Aulacorhynchus atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,atrogularis,,,,,"(Strum, 1841)","Aulacorhynchus prasinus, A. wagleri, A. caeruleogularis, A. albivitta, A. cyanolaemus and A. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. prasinus following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726186,Pteroglossus inscriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,inscriptus,,,,,"Swainson, 1822","

Pteroglossus inscriptus and P. humboldti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. inscriptus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726194,Pteroglossus humboldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,humboldti,,,,,"Wagler, 1827","

Pteroglossus inscriptus and P. humboldti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. inscriptus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726200,Pteroglossus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,torquatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Pteroglossus torquatus, P. sanguineus and P. erythropygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. torquatus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as P. torquatus, P. sanguineus and P. erythropygius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726233,Ramphastos ariel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,ariel,,,,,"Vigors, 1826","Ramphastos vitellinus, R. culminatus, R. citrolaemus and R. ariel (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. vitellinus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as R. vitellinus, R. culminatus and R. citreolaemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726263,Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,caeruleogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1853)","Aulacorhynchus prasinus, A. wagleri, A. caeruleogularis, A. albivitta, A. cyanolaemus and A. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. prasinus following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726291,Treron axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,axillaris,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)","

Treron pompadora, T. affinis, T. chloropterus, T. phayrei, T. axillaris and T. aromaticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. pompadora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726321,Ninox randi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,randi,,,,,"Deignan, 1951","

Ninox scutulata, N. japonica, N. randi and N. obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. scutulata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726328,Ninox obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,obscura,,,,,"Hume, 1873","

Ninox scutulata, N. japonica, N. randi and N. obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. scutulata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726346,Caprimulgus phalaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,phalaena,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872","Caprimulgus indicus, C. jotaka and C. phalaena (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. indicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726358,Campethera taeniolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,taeniolaema,,,,,"(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)","

Campethera tullbergi and C. taeniolaema (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. tullbergi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726364,Campethera tullbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,tullbergi,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1892)","

Campethera tullbergi and C. taeniolaema (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. tullbergi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726376,Dendrocopos macei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,macei,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Dendrocopos macei and D. analis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. macei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726384,Dendrocopos analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,analis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Dendrocopos macei and D. analis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. macei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726390,Colaptes rivolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,rivolii,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","

Colaptes rivolii and C. atriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. rivolii following SACC (2007), and before then were present in the genus Piculus as P. rivolii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726398,Colaptes atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,atriceps,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","

Colaptes rivolii and C. atriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. rivolii following SACC (2007), and before then were present in the genus Piculus as P. rivolii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726404,Colaptes auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,auratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Colaptes auratus, C. cafer and C. mexicanoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. auratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726414,Colaptes cafer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,cafer,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Colaptes auratus, C. cafer and C. mexicanoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. auratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726420,Colaptes mexicanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,mexicanoides,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1844","

Colaptes auratus, C. cafer and C. mexicanoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. auratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726441,Colaptes campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,campestris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Colaptes campestris and C. campestroides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. campestris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726449,Colaptes campestroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,campestroides,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1849)","

Colaptes campestris and C. campestroides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. campestris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726469,Celeus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,torquatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Celeus torquatus, C. occidentalis and C. tinnunculus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. torquatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726477,Celeus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Hargitt, 1889)","

Celeus torquatus, C. occidentalis and C. tinnunculus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. torquatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726483,Celeus tinnunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,tinnunculus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)","

Celeus torquatus, C. occidentalis and C. tinnunculus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. torquatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726489,Hylatomus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Hylatomus,lineatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Hylatomus lineatus and H. fuscipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Dryocopus and lumped as D. lineatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726497,Hylatomus fuscipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Hylatomus,fuscipennis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)","

Hylatomus lineatus and H. fuscipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Dryocopus and lumped as D. lineatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726515,Picus guerini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,guerini,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1849)","

Picus canus, P. guerini and P. dedemi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. canus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726539,Chrysocolaptes lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,lucidus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","

Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726548,Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,guttacristatus,,,,,"(Tickell, 1833)","Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726554,Chrysocolaptes stricklandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,stricklandi,,,,,"(Layard, 1854)","Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726560,Chrysocolaptes strictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,strictus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726566,Chrysocolaptes haematribon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,haematribon,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)","Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726591,Ceyx lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,lepidus,,,,,"Temminck, 1836","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726607,Ceyx cajeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,cajeli,,,,,"Wallace, 1863","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726613,Ceyx solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,solitarius,,,,,"Temminck, 1836","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726619,Ceyx dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,dispar,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726625,Ceyx mulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,mulcatus,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1914","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726631,Ceyx sacerdotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,sacerdotis,,,,,"Ramsay, 1882","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726637,Ceyx meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,meeki,,,,,"Rothschild, 1901","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726643,Ceyx collectoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,collectoris,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1901","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726649,Ceyx nigromaxilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,nigromaxilla,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1905","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726661,Phaethornis griseogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,griseogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1851","

Phaethornis griseogularis and P. porcullae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped asP. griseogularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726671,Phaethornis porcullae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,porcullae,,,,,"Carriker, 1935","

Phaethornis griseogularis and P. porcullae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. griseogularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726682,Lophornis chalybeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,chalybeus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)","

Lophornis chalybeus and L. verreauxii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. chalybeus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726690,Lophornis verreauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,verreauxii,,,,,"(Bourcier & Verreaux, 1853)","

Lophornis chalybeus and L. verreauxii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. chalybeus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726696,Thalurania colombica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Thalurania,colombica,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)","Thalurania colombica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as T. colombica and T. fannyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), and subsequently T. ridgwayi was recognised following AOU (1998)." 22726714,Amazilia bartletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,bartletti,,,,,"(Gould, 1860)","

Amazilia lactea and A. bartletti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. lactea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726720,Coeligena torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,torquata,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","Coeligena torquata, C. conradii, C. eisenmanni and C. inca (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. torquata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726729,Coeligena conradii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,conradii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)","Coeligena torquata, C. conradii, C. eisenmanni and C. inca (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. torquata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726736,Coeligena eisenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,eisenmanni,,,,,"Weske, 1985","Coeligena torquata, C. conradii, C. eisenmanni and C. inca (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. torquata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726743,Coeligena inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,inca,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)","Coeligena torquata, C. conradii, C. eisenmanni and C. inca (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. torquata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726750,Coeligena violifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,violifer,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)","Coeligena violifer, C. dichroura, C. albicaudata and C. osculans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. violifer following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726758,Coeligena dichroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,dichroura,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)","Coeligena violifer, C. dichroura, C. albicaudata and C. osculans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. violifer following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726764,Coeligena albicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,albicaudata,,,,,"Schuchmann & Züchner, 1997","

Coeligena violifer, C. dichroura, C. albicaudata and C. osculans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. violifer following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726770,Coeligena osculans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,osculans,,,,,"(Gould, 1871)","Coeligena violifer, C. dichroura, C. albicaudata and C. osculans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. violifer following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726790,Oxypogon guerinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oxypogon,guerinii,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","Oxypogon guerinii, O. cyanolaemus, O. lindenii and O. stuebelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guerinii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726804,Oxypogon lindenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oxypogon,lindenii,,,,,"(Parzudaki, 1845)","Oxypogon guerinii, O. cyanolaemus, O. lindenii and O. stuebelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guerinii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22726816,Schistes geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Schistes,geoffroyi,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)","

Schistes geoffroyi and S. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. geoffroyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726824,Schistes albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Schistes,albogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)","

Schistes geoffroyi and S. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. geoffroyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726838,Trogon ambiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,ambiguus,,,,,"Gould, 1835","

Trogon elegans and T. ambiguus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. elegans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726844,Actenoides monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,monachus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Actenoides monachus and A. capucinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. monachus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726858,Actenoides princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,princeps,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1851)","

Actenoides princeps and A. regalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. princeps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726874,Actenoides bougainvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,bougainvillei,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1904)","

Actenoides bougainvillei and A. excelsus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. bougainvillei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726889,Cittura cyanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Cittura,cyanotis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)","

Cittura cyanotis and C. sanghirensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cyanotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726905,Lacedo pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Lacedo,pulchella,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Lacedo pulchella and L. melanops (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. pulchella following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726913,Lacedo melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Lacedo,melanops,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Lacedo pulchella and L. melanops (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. pulchella following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726919,Todiramphus veneratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,veneratus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Todiramphus veneratus and T. youngi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. veneratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726929,Todiramphus youngi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,youngi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1892","

Todiramphus veneratus and T. youngi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. veneratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726943,Ceyx flumenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,flumenicola,,,,,"Steere, 1890","

Ceyx argentatus and C. flumenicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Alcedo and lumped as A. argentata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726949,Ceyx cyanopectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,cyanopectus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)","

Ceyx cyanopectus and C. nigrirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Alcedo and lumped as A. cyanopectus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), the gender agreement of which followed David and Gosselin (2002a).

" 22726979,Alcedo peninsulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,peninsulae,,,,,"Laubmann, 1941","

Alcedo euryzona and A. peninsulae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. euryzona following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727003,Horizocerus hartlaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Horizocerus,hartlaubi,,,,,"Gould, 1861","Horizocerus hartlaubi and H. granti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Tockus and lumped as T. hartlaubi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727013,Horizocerus granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Horizocerus,granti,,,,,"(Hartert, 1895)","

Horizocerus hartlaubi and H. granti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Tockus and lumped as T. hartlaubi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727043,Galbula chalcocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,chalcocephala,,,,,"Deville, 1849","

Galbula albirostris and G. chalcocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. albirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727049,Caloramphus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Caloramphus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1830)","

Caloramphus fuliginosus and C. hayii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as Calorhamphus fuliginosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727063,Eubucco versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Eubucco,versicolor,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Eubucco versicolor, E. steerii and E. glaucogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. versicolor following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727086,Aulacorhynchus derbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,derbianus,,,,,"Gould, 1835","

Aulacorhynchus derbianus and A. whitelianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. derbianus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727094,Aulacorhynchus whitelianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,whitelianus,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1882)","

Aulacorhynchus derbianus and A. whitelianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. derbianus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727100,Selenidera reinwardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Selenidera,reinwardtii,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)","

Selenidera reinwardtii and S. langsdorffii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. reinwardtii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727108,Selenidera langsdorffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Selenidera,langsdorffii,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)","

Selenidera reinwardtii and S. langsdorffii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. reinwardtii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727114,Dendropicos elliotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,elliotii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1863)","Dendropicos elliotii and D. johnstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Mesopicos and lumped as M. elliotii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727121,Dendropicos johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,johnstoni,,,,,"(Shelley, 1887)","Dendropicos elliotii and D. johnstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Mesopicos and lumped as M. elliotii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727132,Dendrocopos owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,owstoni,,,,,"(Ogawa, 1905)","

Dendrocopos leucotos and D. owstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. leucotos following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727144,Picoides funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,funebris,,,,,"Verreaux, 1870","

Picoides tridactylus and P. funebris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. tridactylus following AOU (2003). P. tridactylus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into P. tridactylus and P. dorsalis following AOU (2003), and prior to that all three taxa were lumped as P. tridactylus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727159,Campephilus splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,splendens,,,,,"Hargitt, 1889","

Campephilus haematogaster and C. splendens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. haematogaster following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727192,Dinopium everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dinopium,everetti,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)","

Dinopium javanense and D. everetti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. javanense following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727198,Meiglyptes tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Meiglyptes,tristis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Meiglyptes tristis and M. grammithorax (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. tristis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727206,Meiglyptes grammithorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Meiglyptes,grammithorax,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1862)","

Meiglyptes tristis and M. grammithorax (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. tristis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727212,Hemicircus concretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Hemicircus,concretus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)","

Hemicircus concretus and H. sordidus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. concretus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727220,Hemicircus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Hemicircus,sordidus,,,,,"(Eyton, 1845)","

Hemicircus concretus and H. sordidus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. concretus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727226,Mulleripicus funebris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Mulleripicus,funebris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1826)","

Mulleripicus funebris and M. fuliginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. funebris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727265,Ciconia microscelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,microscelis,,,,,"Gray, 1848","Ciconia episcopus and C. microscelis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. episcopus following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727271,Anas gibberifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,gibberifrons,,,,,"Müller, 1842","

Anas gibberifrons and A. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. gibberifrons following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727323,Pipile cumanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pipile,cumanensis,,,,,"(Jacquin, 1784)","

Pipile cumanensis and P. grayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cumanensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727339,Scleroptila psilolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,psilolaema,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)","

Scleroptila psilolaema and S. elgonensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Francolinus and lumped as F. psilolaemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727349,Scleroptila elgonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,elgonensis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)","

Scleroptila psilolaema and S. elgonensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Francolinus and lumped as F. psilolaemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727465,Hypotaenidia immaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,immaculata,,,,,"(Mayr, 1949)","

Hypotaenidia woodfordi, H. tertia and H. immaculata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously previously placed in the genus Nesoclopeus and lumped as N. woodfordi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727471,Charadrius tricollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,tricollaris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818","

Charadrius tricollaris and C. bifrontatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. tricollaris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727481,Charadrius bifrontatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,bifrontatus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1882","

Charadrius tricollaris and C. bifrontatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. tricollaris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727499,Coenocorypha aucklandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Coenocorypha,aucklandica,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","

Coenocorypha aucklandica, C. huegeli, C. barrierensis and C. iredalei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. aucklandica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727509,Coenocorypha huegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Coenocorypha,huegeli,,,,,"(Tristram, 1893)","

Coenocorypha aucklandica, C. huegeli, C. barrierensis and C. iredalei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. aucklandica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727515,Coenocorypha iredalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Coenocorypha,iredalei,,,,,"Rothschild, 1921","

Coenocorypha aucklandica, C. huegeli, C. barrierensis and C. iredalei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. aucklandica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727521,Streptopelia bitorquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,bitorquata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)","

Streptopelia bitorquata and S. dusumieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. bitorquata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727539,Treron formosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,formosae,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1863","

Treron formosae and T. permagnus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. formosae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727551,Treron permagnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,permagnus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1886","Treron formosae and T. permagnus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. formosae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727565,Trichoglossus flavoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,flavoviridis,,,,,"Wallace, 1863","

Trichoglossus flavoviridis and T. meyeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. flavoviridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727575,Trichoglossus meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,meyeri,,,,,"Walden, 1871","

Trichoglossus flavoviridis and T. meyeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. flavoviridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727581,Cyclopsitta diophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyclopsitta,diophthalma,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","

Cyclopsitta diophthalma and C. coxeni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. diophthalma following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727599,Psittinus cyanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittinus,cyanurus,,,,,"(Forster, 1795)","

Psittinus cyanurus and P. abbotti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cyanurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727609,Psittinus abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittinus,abbotti,,,,,"Richmond, 1902","

Psittinus cyanurus and P. abbotti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cyanurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727615,Pionus tumultuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,tumultuosus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Pionus tumultuosus and P. seniloides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. tumultuosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22727641,Phodilus badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Phodilus,badius,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Phodilus badius and P. assimilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. badius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22727655,Otus megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,megalotis,,,,,"(Walden, 1875)","

Otus megalotis, O. everetti and O. nigrorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. megalotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727683,Ardea plumifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,plumifera,,,,,"(Gould, 1848)","

Ardea intermedia, A. brachyrhyncha and A. plumifera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Mesophoyx and lumped as M. intermedia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727689,Pernis celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pernis,celebensis,,,,,"Wallace, 1868","

Pernis celebensis and P. steerei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. celebensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727705,Accipiter toussenelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,toussenelii,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)","

Accipiter tachiro and A. toussenelii (incorporating unduliventer) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. tachiro following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), and before then were split as A. tachiro (incorporating unduliventer) and A. toussenelii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727714,Accipiter novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Accipiter novaehollandiae, A. sylvestris and A. hiogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. novaehollandiae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727721,Accipiter hiogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,hiogaster,,,,,"(Müller, 1841)","

Accipiter novaehollandiae, A. sylvestris and A. hiogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. novaehollandiae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727727,Accipiter sylvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,sylvestris,,,,,"Wallace, 1864","

Accipiter novaehollandiae, A. sylvestris and A. hiogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. novaehollandiae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727740,Circus hudsonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,hudsonius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Circus cyaneus and C. hudsonius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cyaneus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727757,Oxyura ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Oxyura,ferruginea,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)","

Oxyura jamaicensis and O. ferruginea (incorporating andina) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. jamaicensis following SACC (2005), and before then were split as O. jamaicensis (incorporating andina) and O. ferruginea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727778,Falco chicquera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,chicquera,,,,,"Daudin, 1800","

Falco chicquera and F. ruficollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as F. chicquera following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727786,Falco ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,ruficollis,,,,,"Swainson, 1837","

Falco chicquera and F. ruficollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as F. chicquera following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727819,Streptopelia xanthocycla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,xanthocycla,,,,,"(Newman, 1906)","

Streptopelia decaocto and S. xanthocycla (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. decaocto following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22727826,Phapitreron leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,leucotis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)","

Phapitreron leucotis, P. nigrorum and P. brevirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22727834,Phapitreron nigrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,nigrorum,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877","

Phapitreron leucotis, P. nigrorum and P. brevirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22727841,Phapitreron brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,brevirostris,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877","

Phapitreron leucotis, P. nigrorum and P. brevirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22727848,Treron australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,australis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)","

Treron australis and T griveaudi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727856,Ducula badia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,badia,,,,,"Raffles, 1822","

Ducula badia and D. cuprea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. badia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727864,Ducula cuprea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,cuprea,,,,,"Jerdon, 1840","

Ducula badia and D. cuprea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. badia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727871,Prioniturus discurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,discurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1822)","

Prioniturus discurus and P. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. discurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727878,Prioniturus mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,mindorensis,,,,,"Steere, 1890","

Prioniturus discurus and P. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. discurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727885,Coracopsis nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Coracopsis,nigra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Coracopsis nigra, C. barklyi and C. sibilans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. nigra following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727893,Ninox squamipila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,squamipila,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Ninox squamipila, N. hypogramma, N. hantu and N. forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. squamipila following Norman et al. (1998), and before then were also lumped with N. natalis as N. squamipila following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727900,Ninox hypogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,hypogramma,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)","

Ninox squamipila, N. hypogramma, N. hantu and N. forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. squamipila following Norman et al. (1998), and before then were also lumped with N. natalis as N. squamipila following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727909,Ninox hantu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,hantu,,,,,"(Wallace, 1863)","

Ninox squamipila, N. hypogramma, N. hantu and N. forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. squamipila following Norman et al. (1998), and before then were also lumped with N. natalis as N. squamipila following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727916,Ninox forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,forbesi,,,,,"Sclater, 1883","

Ninox squamipila, N. hypogramma, N. hantu and N. forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. squamipila following Norman et al. (1998), and before then were also lumped with N. natalis as N. squamipila following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727923,Oreonympha nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreonympha,nobilis,,,,,"Gould, 1869","Oreonympha nobilis and O. albolimbata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727930,Oreonympha albolimbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreonympha,albolimbata,,,,,"Berlioz, 1938","Oreonympha nobilis and O. albolimbata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727941,Actenoides regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,regalis,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1932)","

Actenoides princeps and A. regalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. princeps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727950,Colaptes melanochloros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,melanochloros,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Colaptes melanochloros and C. melanolaimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. melanochloros following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727957,Colaptes melanolaimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,melanolaimus,,,,,"Malherbe, 1857","

Colaptes melanochloros and C. melanolaimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. melanochloros following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727987,Batrachostomus javensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,javensis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Batrachostomus javensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as B. javensis and B. affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). B. pygmaeus was described as new to science by Alviola (1997) but is regarded as an example of B. javensis following Holyoak (1999) and Dickinson (2003).

" 22727999,Ramphastos ambiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,ambiguus,,,,,"Swainson, 1823","

Ramphastos ambiguus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into R. ambiguus and R. swainsonii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728020,Buteo oreophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,oreophilus,,,,,"Hartert & Neumann, 1914","

Buteo oreophilus and B. trizonatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. oreophilus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728031,Otidiphaps aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Otidiphaps,aruensis,,,,,"Rothschild, 1928","Otidiphaps nobilis, O. aruensis, O. cervicalis and O. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728038,Ramphiculus fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,fischeri,,,,,"(Brüggemann, 1876)","

Ramphiculus fischeri and R. meridionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus and lumped as P. fischeri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728052,Ptilinopus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,ornatus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871","Ptilinopus ornatus and P. gestroi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. ornatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728059,Ptilinopus gestroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,gestroi,,,,,"d'Alberti & Salvadori, 1875","Ptilinopus ornatus and P. gestroi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. ornatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728066,Ptilinopus porphyraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,porphyraceus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)","Ptilinopus porphyraceus, P. fasciatus, P. ponapensis and P. hernsheimi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. porphyraceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728074,Ptilinopus hernsheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,hernsheimi,,,,,"(Finsch, 1880)","Ptilinopus porphyraceus, P. fasciatus, P. ponapensis and P. hernsheimi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. porphyraceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728082,Ptilinopus solomonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,solomonensis,,,,,"Gray, 1870","Ptilinopus solomonensis and P. speciosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped asP. solomonensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728089,Ptilinopus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,speciosus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871","Ptilinopus solomonensis and P. speciosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped asP. solomonensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728096,Ducula myristicivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,myristicivora,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","

Ducula myristicivora and D. geelvinkiana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. myristicivora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728104,Ducula geelvinkiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,geelvinkiana,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1873)","

Ducula myristicivora and D. geelvinkiana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. myristicivora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728111,Hierococcyx sparverioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,sparverioides,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)","Hierococcyx sparverioides and H. bocki (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Cuculus and lumped as C. sparverioides following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728118,Hierococcyx bocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,bocki,,,,,"Ramsay, 1886","Hierococcyx sparverioides and H. bocki (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Cuculus and lumped as C. sparverioides following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728125,Hierococcyx fugax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,fugax,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Hierococcyx fugax, H. nisicolor, H. pectoralis and H. hyperythrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Cuculus and lumped as C. fugax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728132,Pteroglossus bitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,bitorquatus,,,,,"Vigors, 1826","

Pteroglossus bitorquatus and P. sturmii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. bitorquatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728153,Coccyzus merlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,merlini,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1839)","

Coccyzus merlini and C. bahamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. merlini following AOU (2006), and before then were placed in the genus Saurothera as S. merlini following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728167,Surniculus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Surniculus,lugubris,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Surniculus lugubris, S. dicruroides, S. musschenbroeki and S. velutinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. lugubris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728182,Butorides striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Butorides,striata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Butorides striata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as B. striata and B. virescens following AOU (2003), and before then B. striata was split as B. striatus and B. sundevalli following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Gender agreement of B. striata follows David and Gosselin (2002)." 22728215,Scleroptila whytei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,whytei,,,,,"(Neumann, 1908)","

Scleroptila shelleyi and S. whytei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Francolinus and lumped as F. shelleyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728223,Scleroptila shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Scleroptila,shelleyi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1890)","

Scleroptila shelleyi and S. whytei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Francolinus and lumped as F. shelleyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728231,Pternistis castaneicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,castaneicollis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1888","Pternistis castaneicollis and P. atrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Francolinus and lumped as F. castaneicollis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728238,Rhizothera longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Rhizothera,longirostris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)","Rhizothera longirostris and R. dulitensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. longirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728242,Rhizothera dulitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Rhizothera,dulitensis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","Rhizothera longirostris and R. dulitensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. longirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728265,Ptilinopus ponapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,ponapensis,,,,,"(Finsch, 1877)","Ptilinopus porphyraceus, P. fasciatus, P. ponapensis and P. hernsheimi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. porphyraceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728271,Ptilinopus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,fasciatus,,,,,"Peale, 1848","Ptilinopus porphyraceus, P. fasciatus, P. ponapensis and P. hernsheimi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. porphyraceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728277,Geotrygon saphirina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,saphirina,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1855","Geotrygon purpurata and G. saphirina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. saphirina following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728285,Patagioenas maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,maculosa,,,,,"(Temminck, 1813)","Patagioenas maculosa and P. albipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. maculosa following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728289,Patagioenas albipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,albipennis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","Patagioenas maculosa and P. albipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. maculosa following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728299,Chlorodrepanis flava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorodrepanis,flava,,,,,"(Bloxham, 1827)","

Chlorodrepanis flava (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and listed as H. flavus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728359,Zoothera turipavae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,turipavae,,,,,"Cain & Galbraith, 1955", 22728377,Phyllomyias urichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,urichi,,,,,"(Chapman, 1899)", 22728418,Arremon franciscanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,franciscanus,,,,,"Raposo, 1997", 22728464,Scytalopus iraiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,iraiensis,,,,,"Bornschein, Reinert & Pichorim, 1998", 22728490,Pyrrholaemus sagittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Pyrrholaemus,sagittatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",

Pyrrholaemus sagittatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Chthonicola sagittatus.

 

22728501,Aerodramus nuditarsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,nuditarsus,,,,,"(Salomonsen, 1962)",Aerodramus nuditarsus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22728519,Ortalis columbiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,columbiana,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1906","

Ortalis guttata, O. araucuan and O. squamata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guttata following Stotz et al. (1996) and SACC (2011), and before then were also lumped with O. colombiana as O. guttata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728544,Incana incana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Incana,incana,,,,,"Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881", 22728558,Vidua maryae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,maryae,,,,,"Payne, 1982", 22728563,Atlapetes forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,forbesi,,,,,"Morrison, 1947", 22728571,Atlapetes terborghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,terborghi,,,,,"Remsen, 1993", 22728576,Atlapetes canigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,canigenis,,,,,"Chapman, 1919", 22728583,Aerodramus bartschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,bartschi,,,,,"(Mearns, 1909)","Aerodramus bartschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. Collocalia inquieta (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into C. bartschi following Browning (1993) and AOU (1998) and C. inquieta following Browning (1993).

" 22728596,Lonchura fuscata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,fuscata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1807)","

Lonchura fuscata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Padda following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728621,Esacus magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Esacus,magnirostris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",Esacus magnirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as E. giganteus; the name magnirostris has priority.

 22728643,Dromaius minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,CASUARIIDAE,Dromaius,minor,,,,,"Spencer, 1906",Dromaius minor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as D. ater following Christidis and Boles (1994); the name minor has priority.

22728658,Alopochen mauritiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Alopochen,mauritiana,,,,,"(Newton & Gadow, 1893)",Alopochen mauritiana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. mauritianus. 22728666,Anas marecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,marecula,,,,,"Olson & Jouventin, 1996", 22728670,Upupa antaios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,UPUPIDAE,Upupa,antaios,,,,,"Olson, 1975", 22728673,Cyanoramphus ulietanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoramphus,ulietanus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22728709,Chlorostilbon elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,elegans,,,,,"(Gould, 1860)", 22728726,Porphyrio caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,caerulescens,,,,,"(Selys Longchamps, 1848)",Porphyrio caerulescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. coerulescens.

22728732,Porphyrio kukwiedei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,kukwiedei,,,,,"Balouet & Olson, 1989", 22728740,Hypotaenidia poeciloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,poeciloptera,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1866)",Hypotaenidia poeciloptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Nesoclopeus as N. poecilopterus. 22728746,Mundia elpenor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Mundia,elpenor,,,,,"(Olson, 1973)", 22728754,Laterallus podarces,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,podarces,,,,,"(Wetmore, 1963)","St. Helena Rail Laterallus podarces (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously in the genus Atlantisia (del Hoyo et al. 2014) owing to similarities with Inaccessible Rail, for which that genus was created. Stervander et al. (2019) found that Inaccessible Rail actually nests within a clade of Laterallus crakes, grouped closely with Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis, and it has therefore been placed in the genus Laterallus. As the assignment of St. Helena Rail to Atlantisia was based upon similarity to Inaccessible Rail, it is logical to also move the extinct taxon into Laterallus, despite the taxon not being assessed in Stervander et al. (2019)." 22728757,Zapornia nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,nigra,,,,,"(J.F. Miller, 1784)",Zapornia nigra (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22728760,Zapornia astrictocarpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,astrictocarpus,,,,,"(Olson, 1973)",Zapornia astrictocarpus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22728763,Gallinula nesiotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallinula,nesiotis,,,,,"P. Sclater, 1861","Gallinula nesiotis and G. comeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. nesiotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Groenenburg et al. (2008, 2009), and before that had been treated as separate species by Collar and Stuart (1985).

" 22728769,Fulica newtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,newtonii,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1867",Fulica newtonii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as F. newtoni. 22728772,Prosobonia ellisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Prosobonia,ellisi,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22728777,Nycticorax mauritianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Nycticorax,mauritianus,,,,,"(Newton & Gadow, 1893)", 22728781,Nycticorax duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Nycticorax,duboisi,,,,,"Rothschild, 1907", 22728787,Nycticorax megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Nycticorax,megacephalus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1873)", 22728800,Pterodroma rupinarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,rupinarum,,,,,"Olson, 1975", 22728804,Bulweria bifax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Bulweria,bifax,,,,,"Olson, 1975", 22728814,Anthornis melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Anthornis,melanocephala,,,,,Gray 1843, 22728820,Turnagra tanagra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Turnagra,tanagra,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1865)", 22728825,Chloridops kona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chloridops,kona,,,,,"Wilson, 1888", 22728833,Porphyrio mantelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,mantelli,,,,,"(Owen, 1848)", 22728841,Nannococcyx psix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Nannococcyx,psix,,,,,"Olson, 1975", 22728844,Lophopsittacus bensoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lophopsittacus,bensoni,,,,,"Holyoak, 1973", 22728847,Lophopsittacus mauritianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lophopsittacus,mauritianus,,,,,"(Owen, 1866)", 22728851,Necropsittacus rodricanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Necropsittacus,rodricanus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)",Necropsittacus rodricanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as N. rodericanus.

22728856,Mascarenotus murivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Mascarenotus,murivorus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1873)", 22728861,Mascarenotus sauzieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Mascarenotus,sauzieri,,,,,"(Newton & Gadow, 1893)", 22728873,Cabalus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Cabalus,modestus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1872)", 22728884,Aphanapteryx bonasia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aphanapteryx,bonasia,,,,,"(Selys Longchamps, 1848)", 22728889,Erythromachus leguati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Erythromachus,leguati,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1874)",Erythromachus leguati (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aphanapteryx. 22728902,Poodytes rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Poodytes,rufescens,,,,,"(Buller, 1869)",

Poodytes rufescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bowdleria rufescens.

22729005,Glaucidium costaricanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,costaricanum,,,,,"Robbins & Stiles, 1999", 22729012,Glaucidium griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,griseiceps,,,,,"Sharpe, 1875", 22729060,Thamnophilus atrinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,atrinucha,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1892", 22729076,Scytalopus chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,chocoensis,,,,,"Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997", 22729087,Ramphocelus costaricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,costaricensis,,,,,"Cherrie, 1891", 22729092,Spindalis nigricephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SPINDALIDAE,Spindalis,nigricephala,,,,,"(Jameson, 1835)", 22729097,Spindalis dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SPINDALIDAE,Spindalis,dominicensis,,,,,"(Bryant, 1866)", 22729102,Spindalis portoricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SPINDALIDAE,Spindalis,portoricensis,,,,,"(Bryant, 1866)", 22729118,Agelaius assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelaius,assimilis,,,,,"Lembeye, 1850", 22729123,Icterus bullockiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,bullockiorum,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22729138,Lonchura atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,atricapilla,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1807)", 22729157,Psittacara rubritorquis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,rubritorquis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1887)",Psittacara rubritorquis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga.

 22729169,Phyllaemulor bracteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,NYCTIBIIDAE,Phyllaemulor,bracteatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)","The considerable molecular and morphological divergence of Rufous Potoo from all other members of Nyctibiidae, as presented by Costa et al. (2018), warrants its own genus, Phyllaemulor." 22729172,Chordeiles rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Chordeiles,rupestris,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22729176,Antrostomus ekmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,ekmani,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1929",Antrostomus ekmani (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus.

 22729181,Heliangelus micraster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,micraster,,,,,"Gould, 1872", 22729189,Momotus aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Momotus,aequatorialis,,,,,"Gould, 1857","Momotus momota, M. coeruliceps, M. lessonii, M. subrufescens, M. bahamensis and M. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. momota following SACC (2005). Prior to that, M. aequatorialis had been split following Stotz et al. (1996), and before that all forms were lumped with M. momota following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22729209,Cranioleuca baroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,baroni,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)", 22729219,Phacellodomus maculipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,maculipectus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1883", 22729224,Herpsilochmus dugandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,dugandi,,,,,"Meyer de Schauensee, 1945", 22729229,Cercomacroides laeta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacroides,laeta,,,,,"(Todd, 1920)",

Cercomacroides laeta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cercomacra laeta.

 

22729245,Scytalopus atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,atratus,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1922", 22729251,Scytalopus bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,bolivianus,,,,,"Allen, 1889", 22729265,Scytalopus caracae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,caracae,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1922", 22729291,Scytalopus griseicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,griseicollis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)", 22729298,Scytalopus simonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,simonsi,,,,,"Chubb, 1917", 22729303,Scytalopus parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,parvirostris,,,,,"Zimmer, 1939", 22729308,Rhynchocyclus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhynchocyclus,pacificus,,,,,"(Chapman, 1914)", 103683052,Knipolegus aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,aterrimus,,,,,"Kaup, 1853",Knipolegus aterrimus and K. heterogyna (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as K. aterrimus following Stotz et al. (1996). 22729326,Doliornis sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Doliornis,sclateri,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)", 22729366,Thamnomanes saturninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnomanes,saturninus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1869)", 22729387,Prinia hypoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,hypoxantha,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877", 22729398,Tylas eduardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Tylas,eduardi,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1862", 22729402,Upupa marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,UPUPIDAE,Upupa,marginata,,,,,"Cabanis & Heine, 1860", 22729431,Setophaga delicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,delicata,,,,,"Ridgway, 1883",

Setophaga delicata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

22729445,Guyramemua affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Guyramemua,affinis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1856)","Lopes et al. (2018) established a new genus for the species following confirmation that it is more closely related to Sublegatus than to Suiriri suiriri, and that there are significant and consistent differences from the three members of Sublegatus. Hence the proposed new genus Guyramemua Lopes et al. 2018 is accepted by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, hence Suiriri affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) becomes Guyramemua affinis (HBW and BirdLife International (2019).

Previously Suiriri affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was newly described as Suiriri islerorum by Zimmer et al. (2001). However, the type specimen of S. affinis previously believed to belong to S. suiriri was subsequently shown to relate to this species, and takes precedence (Kirwan et al. 2014)." 22729465,Spilornis klossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spilornis,klossi,,,,,"Richmond, 1902", 22729471,Capito wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,wallacei,,,,,"O'Neill, Lane, Kratter, Capparella et al., 2000", 22729490,Alopochen kervazoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Alopochen,kervazoi,,,,,"(Cowles, 1994)", 22729514,Phylloscopus humei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,humei,,,,,"(Brooks, 1878)", 22729557,Poecilotriccus luluae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,luluae,,,,,"Johnson & Jones, 2001", 22729692,Egretta gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,gularis,,,,,"(Bosc, 1792)","Egretta gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) contains the taxon dimorpha, which was previously included within E. garzetta following Kushlan and Hancock (2005). Prior to that, all three taxa were treated as separate species following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22729779,Clanga hastata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Clanga,hastata,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","Clanga hastata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aquila.

Aquila pomarina (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into A. pomarina and A. hastata following Parry et al. (2002).

" 22729814,Arborophila sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,sumatrana,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1891", 22729848,Scolopax rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,rosenbergii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871", 22729854,Scolopax bukidnonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,bukidnonensis,,,,,"Kennedy, Fisher, Harrap, Diesmos & Manamtam, 2001", 22730030,Bubo poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,poensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1853","Bubo poensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as B. poensis and B. vosseleri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22730097,Caprimulgus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,pectoralis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1816","Caprimulgus pectoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. pectoralis and C. nigriscapularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22730103,Caprimulgus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,poliocephalus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840","Caprimulgus poliocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. poliocephalus and C. ruwenzorii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22730186,Apalharpactes mackloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Apalharpactes,mackloti,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)", 22730259,Campethera bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,bennettii,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)","Campethera bennettii and C. scriptoricauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. bennettii following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993). Prior to that they had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22730264,Dendropicos gabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,gabonensis,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)","Dendropicos gabonensis and D. lugubris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. gabonensis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993). Prior to that they had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22730269,Dendropicos goertae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,goertae,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Dendropicos goertae and D. spodocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Mesopicos and lumped as M. goertae following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993). Prior to that they had been placed in Dendropicos and split as D. goertae and D. spodocephalus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103656920,Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Cymbirhynchus,macrorhynchos,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos and C. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. macrorhynchos following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103670881,Furnarius leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,leucopus,,,,,"Swainson, 1837","

Furnarius leucopus, F. longirostris and F. cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as F. leucopus following SACC (2005 & updates) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22730396,Pyriglena leuconota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Pyriglena,leuconota,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22730438,Scytalopus latrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,latrans,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1924", 22730463,Scytalopus magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,magellanicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22730526,Certhilauda semitorquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Certhilauda,semitorquata,,,,,"Smith, 1836", 103818214,Arizelocichla nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,nigriceps,,,,,"(Shelley, 1890)","

Arizelocichla nigriceps, A. chlorigula, A. neumanni and A. fusciceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Andropadus nigriceps following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 22730603,Phyllastrephus flavostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,flavostriatus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876", 22730713,Monticola erythronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,erythronotus,,,,,"(Lavauden, 1929)", 22730723,Geokichla piaggiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,piaggiae,,,,,"(Bouvier, 1877)",

Geokichla piaggiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera piaggiae.

22715112,Sylvietta leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,leucophrys,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1891)",

Sylvietta leucophrys and S. chapini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. leucophrys following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Fishpool and Collar (2006).

22731005,Abroscopus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Abroscopus,superciliaris,,,,,"(Blyth, 1859)", 22731025,Acanthiza apicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,apicalis,,,,,"Gould, 1847", 22731117,Dicaeum australe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,australe,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 103891168,Zosterops poliogastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,poliogastrus,,,,,"Heuglin, 1861","

Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103774619,Atlapetes schistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,schistaceus,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)",

Atlapetes schistaceus and A. taczanowskii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. schistaceus following SACC (2005 & updates).

22731333,Crithagra atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,atrogularis,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)","

Crithagra atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22731359,Crithagra striolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,striolata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)",

Crithagra striolata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. striolatus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

103710902,Dicrurus adsimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,adsimilis,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1794)",Dicrurus adsimilis and D. modestus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. adsimilis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993). 22731587,Pionus seniloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,seniloides,,,,,"(Massena & Souancé, 1854)","

Pionus tumultuosus and P. seniloides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. tumultuosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22731636,Aulacorhynchus calorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,calorhynchus,,,,,"(Gould, 1874)","Aulacorhynchus sulcatus and A. calorhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. sulcatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22731673,Myrmotherula ignota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,ignota,,,,,"Griscom, 1929", 22731699,Myiobius sulphureipygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Myiobius,sulphureipygius,,,,,"(P. L. Sclater, 1857)", 22731723,Progne elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,elegans,,,,,"S.F. Baird, 1865", 22731801,Icterus pyrrhopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,pyrrhopterus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22731897,Megascops atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,atricapilla,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22731912,Archboldia papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Archboldia,papuensis,,,,,"Rand, 1940", 22731930,Falco duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,duboisi,,,,,"G.S. Cowles, 1994", 22731957,Pellorneum tickelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,tickelli,,,,,"(Blyth, 1859)","Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Previously considered conspecific with P. buettikoferi.
Subspecies garoense previously and erroneously listed under junior synonym assamense; however, these names are subjective synonyms and two different taxa may indeed be separable in this region (Dickinson & Cibois 2010, Rasmussen & Anderton 2012). Five subspecies currently recognized." 22731962,Pellorneum buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Vorderman, 1892)",Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Previously treated as conspecific with P. tickelli; precise relationships to congeners require elucidation. Monotypic. 22731980,Myiobius barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Myiobius,barbatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22732019,Buteo augur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,augur,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1836)", 22732040,Otus thilohoffmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,thilohoffmanni,,,,,"Warakagoda & Rasmussen, 2004", 22732046,Otus collari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,collari,,,,,"Lambert & Rasmussen, 1998", 22732052,Phylloscopus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,yunnanensis,,,,,"Alström, Olsson & Colston, 1992", 22732059,Gallirallus calayanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallirallus,calayanensis,,,,,"Allen, Oliveros, Espanola, Broad & Gonzalez, 2004", 22732064,Locustella alishanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,alishanensis,,,,,"Rasmussen, Round, Dickinson & Rozendaal, 2000",

Locustella alishanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus alishanensis.

22732102,Loriculus amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,amabilis,,,,,"Wallace, 1862", 22732108,Loriculus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,sclateri,,,,,"Wallace, 1863", 22732147,Amaurornis magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurornis,magnirostris,,,,,"Lambert, 1998", 22732155,Amytornis merrotsyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,merrotsyi,,,,,"Mellor, 1913", 22732183,Arborophila rolli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,rolli,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1909)", 22732200,Locustella davidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,davidi,,,,,"(La Touche, 1923)",

Locustella davidi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus davidi.

22732235,Buteo socotraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,socotraensis,,,,,"Porter & Kirwan, 2010", 22732257,Chloropsis jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,jerdoni,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)", 22732286,Corvus edithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,edithae,,,,,"Lort Phillips, 1895", 22732297,Cursorius somalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Cursorius,somalensis,,,,,"Shelley, 1885", 22732442,Mirafra affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,affinis,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22732582,Orthonyx novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORTHONYCHIDAE,Orthonyx,novaeguineae,,,,,"A.B. Meyer, 1874", 22732599,Otus mayottensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,mayottensis,,,,,"Benson, 1960", 22732650,Phasianus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Phasianus,versicolor,,,,,"Vieillot, 1825","Phasianus colchicus and P. versicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. colchicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22732653,Phylloscopus kansuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,kansuensis,,,,,"Meise, 1933", 22732738,Phylloscopus omeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,omeiensis,,,,,"(Martens, Eck, Päckert & Sun, 1999)",

Phylloscopus omeiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus omeiensis.

 

22732744,Phylloscopus soror,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,soror,,,,,"(Alström & Olsson, 1999)",

Phylloscopus soror (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus soror.

 

22732750,Phylloscopus tephrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,tephrocephalus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)",

Phylloscopus tephrocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus tephrocephalus.

 

22732755,Phylloscopus valentini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,valentini,,,,,"(E. Hartert, 1907)",

Phylloscopus valentini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus valentini.

 

22732760,Phylloscopus whistleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,whistleri,,,,,"(Ticehurst, 1925)",

Phylloscopus whistleri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus whistleri.

 

22732863,Zosterops stalkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,stalkeri,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1910", 22732898,Phylloscopus forresti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,forresti,,,,,"Rothschild, 1921", 22732918,Hemiphaga chathamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Hemiphaga,chathamensis,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1891)","

Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae and H. chathamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. novaeseelandiae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22732926,Pomarea fluxa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,fluxa,,,,,"Murphy & Mathews, 1928", 22732936,Pomarea nukuhivae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,nukuhivae,,,,,"Murphy & Mathews, 1928", 22732941,Caprimulgus meesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,meesi,,,,,"(Sangster & Rozendaal, 2004)","Caprimulgus macrurus and C. andamanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. macrurus following Sangster & Rozendaal (2004), and before then were also lumped with C. meesi as C. macrurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22732947,Serinus flavivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,flavivertex,,,,,"(Blanford, 1869)", 22732961,Geokichla mendeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,mendeni,,,,,"(Neumann, 1939)",

Geokichla mendeni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera mendeni.

22732967,Myophonus castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,castaneus,,,,,"(Wardlaw Ramsay, 1880)", 22732973,Myophonus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,borneensis,,,,,"P.L. Sclater, 1885", 22733018,Chaetura meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,meridionalis,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1907", 22733120,Inezia caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Inezia,caudata,,,,,"(Salvin, 1897)", 22733132,Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,lacrymiger,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1849)", 22733153,Sciaphylax castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sciaphylax,castanea,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1932)",

Sciaphylax castanea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza castanea.

 

22733159,Myrmotherula multostriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,multostriata,,,,,"P.L. Sclater, 1858", 22733165,Notharchus swainsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Notharchus,swainsoni,,,,,"(G.R. Gray, 1846)", 22733197,Phaethornis atrimentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,atrimentalis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1858", 22733216,Pseudoseisura unirufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudoseisura,unirufa,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22733250,Rhynchotus maculicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Rhynchotus,maculicollis,,,,,"G.R. Gray, 1867", 22733255,Scytalopus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,affinis,,,,,"J.T. Zimmer, 1939", 22733272,Scytalopus micropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,micropterus,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1858)", 22733291,Scytalopus zimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,zimmeri,,,,,"Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940", 22733311,Tachycineta stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,stolzmanni,,,,,"(Philippi, 1902)", 22733317,Thamnophilus ambiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,ambiguus,,,,,"Swainson, 1825", 22733327,Thamnophilus pelzelni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,pelzelni,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1924", 22733334,Thamnophilus stictocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,stictocephalus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1869", 22733341,Thamnophilus sticturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,sticturus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1869", 22733350,Tolmomyias traylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tolmomyias,traylori,,,,,"Schulenberg & Parker, 1997", 22733372,Zenaida meloda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zenaida,meloda,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1843)", 22733377,Caracara plancus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Caracara,plancus,,,,,"(Miller, 1777)", 22733499,Corvus tasmanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,tasmanicus,,,,,"Mathews, 1912", 103753407,Heteromyias albispecularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Heteromyias,albispecularis,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","

Heteromyias albispecularis, H. armiti and H. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. albispecularis (see Christidis & Boles [1994, 2008]).

 

" 22733554,Ducula spilorrhoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,spilorrhoa,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)", 22733626,Myrmotherula brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,brachyura,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22733641,Amazilia grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,grayi,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)","Amazilia grayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Hylocharis. Hylocharis grayi (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into H. grayi and H. humboldtii following SACC (2005).

" 22733656,Myophonus glaucinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myophonus,glaucinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22733700,Micrastur mintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Micrastur,mintoni,,,,,"Whittaker, 2002", 22733712,Megascops hoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,hoyi,,,,,"Koenig & Straneck, 1989", 22733719,Capito niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,niger,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22733724,Capito auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,auratus,,,,,"(Dumont, 1816)", 22733737,Melanerpes pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,pulcher,,,,,"P. L. Sclater, 1870", 22733742,Lepidocolaptes squamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,squamatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1822)", 22733758,Muscisaxicola alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,alpinus,,,,,"(Jardine, 1849)", 22733765,Muscisaxicola griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,griseus,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1884", 22733772,Celeus spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,spectabilis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1880", 22733777,Atlapetes rufinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,rufinucha,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 103774301,Atlapetes latinuchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,latinuchus,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1855)",

Atlapetes latinuchus and A. nigrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. latinuchus following SACC (2005 & updates).

22733805,Cinnycerthia peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cinnycerthia,peruana,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 22733810,Cinnycerthia fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cinnycerthia,fulva,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1874)", 22733832,Inezia subflava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Inezia,subflava,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)", 22733838,Sciaphylax hemimelaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sciaphylax,hemimelaena,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)",

Sciaphylax hemimelaena (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza hemimelaena.

 

22733844,Thamnophilus palliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,palliatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22733849,Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,tenuepunctatus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1853", 22733859,Pseudoseisura cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudoseisura,cristata,,,,,"(von Spix, 1824)", 22733869,Cranioleuca vulpecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,vulpecula,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1866)", 22733874,Notharchus macrorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Notharchus,macrorhynchos,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22733886,Aglaiocercus kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aglaiocercus,kingii,,,,,"(Hartert, 1898)",Aglaiocercus kingii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. kingi.

22733891,Aglaiocercus berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aglaiocercus,berlepschi,,,,,"(E. Hartert, 1898)", 22733896,Haplophaedia aureliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Haplophaedia,aureliae,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)", 22733901,Haplophaedia assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Haplophaedia,assimilis,,,,,"(Elliot, 1876)", 22733913,Phaethornis squalidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,squalidus,,,,,"Boucard, 1892", 22733918,Phaethornis rupurumii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,rupurumii,,,,,"Boucard, 1892", 22733923,Strix rufipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,rufipes,,,,,"King, 1828", 22733946,Sporophila americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,americana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22734038,Hierococcyx hyperythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,hyperythrus,,,,,"(Gould, 1856)","Hierococcyx fugax, H. nisicolor, H. pectoralis and H. hyperythrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Cuculus and lumped as C. fugax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22734046,Hierococcyx nisicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,nisicolor,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)","Hierococcyx fugax, H. nisicolor, H. pectoralis and H. hyperythrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Cuculus and lumped as C. fugax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22734054,Hierococcyx pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Hierococcyx,pectoralis,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)","Hierococcyx fugax, H. nisicolor, H. pectoralis and H. hyperythrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Cuculus and lumped as C. fugax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22734083,Nisaetus pinskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,pinskeri,,,,,"(Preleuthner & Gamauf, 1998)","Nisaetus philippensis and N. pinskeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Haring et al. (2006), which before then was placed in the genus Spizaetus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734094,Hieraaetus weiskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Hieraaetus,weiskei,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1900)", 22734099,Buteo refectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,refectus,,,,,"Portenko, 1929","Buteo buteo, B. japonicus and B. refectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. buteo following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22734135,Parmoptila jamesoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Parmoptila,jamesoni,,,,,"(Shelley, 1890)", 22734140,Rhynchostruthus louisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhynchostruthus,louisae,,,,,"Lort Phillips, 1897", 22699738,Hirundinea ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hirundinea,ferruginea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Hirundinea ferruginea and H. bellicosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. ferruginea following SACC (2005 & updates). 103670045,Xiphorhynchus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,guttatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1820)",

Xiphorhynchus guttatus and X. guttatoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. guttatus following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

103769530,Arremon torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,torquatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

" 22734184,Philydor erythrocercum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Philydor,erythrocercum,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1859)", 22699081,Phyllomyias burmeisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,burmeisteri,,,,,"Cabanis & Heine, 1859",Phyllomyias burmeisteri and P. zeledoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. burmeisteri following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates) 22734268,Phylloscopus claudiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,claudiae,,,,,"(La Touche, 1922)", 22734273,Phylloscopus goodsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,goodsoni,,,,,"E. Hartert, 1910", 22734278,Phylloscopus reguloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,reguloides,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22734290,Mirafra erythrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,erythrocephala,,,,,"Salvadori & Giglioli, 1885", 22734297,Amytornis striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,striatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1840)", 22734302,Megapodius reinwardt,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,reinwardt,,,,,"Dumont, 1823", 22734309,Orthonyx temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORTHONYCHIDAE,Orthonyx,temminckii,,,,,"Ranzani, 1822", 22734320,Pomarea mendozae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,mendozae,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1854)", 22734332,Hieraaetus morphnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Hieraaetus,morphnoides,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22734337,Pterorhinus galbanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,galbanus,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","Previously treated as Garrulax galbanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Very closely related to, and until recently treated as conspecific with, P. courtoisi, but since separation of latter (Collar 2006) present species found also to possess a blue panel on ear-coverts (Wilkinson & He 2010) and “very distinct differences” in song (Edwards et al. 2016). Monotypic." 22734342,Chloropsis aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,aurifrons,,,,,"(Temminck, 1829)", 22734364,Phylloscopus proregulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,proregulus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22734426,Rhodopechys alienus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhodopechys,alienus,,,,,"Whitaker, 1897", 22734433,Psilopogon nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,nuchalis,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)","Psilopogon oorti and P. annamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. oorti following Collar (2006). P. faber and P. nuchalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were also split (and placed in Megalaima) following Collar (2006). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as M. oorti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734438,Psilopogon faber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,faber,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)","Psilopogon faber (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. Psilopogon oorti and P. annamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. oorti following Collar (2006). P. faber and P. nuchalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were also split (and placed in Megalaima) following Collar (2006). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as M. oorti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734443,Pterorhinus ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,ruficeps,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)",Previously treated as Garrulax ruficeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Closely related to and previously treated as conspecific with P. albogularis. Monotypic. 22734453,Garrulax ferrarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,ferrarius,,,,,"Riley, 1930", 22734468,Garrulax annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,annamensis,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)", 22734473,Garrulax taewanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,taewanus,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1859", 22734488,Trochalopteron melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,melanostigma,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)",Trochalopteron melanostigma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax melanostigma. 22734493,Trochalopteron peninsulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,peninsulae,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1887)",

Trochalopteron peninsulae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax peninsulae.

22734503,Erythrogenys mcclellandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Erythrogenys,mcclellandi,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1870)",

Erythrogenys mcclellandi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pomatorhinus mcclellandi.

22734513,Pomatorhinus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,melanurus,,,,,"Blyth, 1847", 22734518,Pomatorhinus musicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,musicus,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1859", 22734538,Pnoepyga formosana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PNOEPYGIDAE,Pnoepyga,formosana,,,,,"Ingram, 1909", 22734543,Spelaeornis reptatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,reptatus,,,,,"(Bingham, 1903)", 22734548,Spelaeornis oatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,oatesi,,,,,"(Rippon, 1904)", 22734563,Dasycrotapha pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Dasycrotapha,pygmaea,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1896)",

Dasycrotapha pygmaea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris pygmaea.

22734583,Gampsorhynchus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Gampsorhynchus,torquatus,,,,,"Hume, 1874", 22734588,Schoeniparus klossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Schoeniparus,klossi,,,,,"(Delacour & Jabouille, 1919)",

Schoeniparus klossi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe klossi.

22734603,Fulvetta formosana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,formosana,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)",

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta formosana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe formosana. Formerly treated as conspecific with F. cinereiceps and F. manipurensis. Monotypic.

 

22734608,Alcippe grotei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALCIPPEIDAE,Alcippe,grotei,,,,,"Delacour, 1926","Following Cai et al. (2019), all members of genus Alcippe now moved to their own family Alcippeidae. Formerly treated as conspecific with A. peracensis; split supported by recent molecular work (Moyle et al. 2012). Subspecies eremita poorly differentiated, and perhaps not worthy of recognition. Two subspecies recognized." 22734638,Certhia manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,manipurensis,,,,,"Hume, 1881", 22734643,Suiriri suiriri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Suiriri,suiriri,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Suiriri suiriri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) and the previously named S. affinis remain lumped following SACC (2005), however the type of S. s. affinis has been shown to refer to the form subsequently described as Chapada Flycatcher (previously S. islerorum), hence the latter receives the name S. affinis and the subspecies formerly described as S. s. affinis takes the new name S. s. burmeisteri Kirwan 2014." 22734667,Setopagis parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Setopagis,parvula,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","Setopagis parvula (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. Caprimulgus parvula (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into C. parvula and C. heterurus following SACC (2006).

" 22734672,Setopagis heterura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Setopagis,heterura,,,,,"Todd, 1915","Setopagis heterura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. Caprimulgus parvula (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into C. parvula and C. heterura following SACC (2006).

" 22734682,Loxigilla barbadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Loxigilla,barbadensis,,,,,"Cory, 1886", 22734726,Cuculus lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,lepidus,,,,,"S. Müller, 1845","C. lepidus (Payne 2005, del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously included alongside C. optatus within C. saturatus (following Sibley & Monroe (1990. 1993)), but was split from latter (using published diagnosis and measurements (King 2005)) on account of smaller size (effect size for wing length –5.66; score 3); slightly darker grey coloration above (1); rich buff (usually plain) vs pale (usually barred) undertail-coverts (1); thicker dark bars on underparts (1); higher-pitched territorial song with usually three notes rather than four (2). Bornean population formerly recognized as a distinct subspecies, insulindae, but considered indistinguishable from populations in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java. Monotypic.

" 22734732,Caloenas maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Caloenas,maculata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22734742,Arborophila campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,campbelli,,,,,"(Robinson, 1904)", 22734757,Garrulax leucolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,leucolophus,,,,,"(Hardwicke, 1815)", 22734762,Clytorhynchus sanctaecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Clytorhynchus,sanctaecrucis,,,,,"Mayr, 1933", 22734789,Turnix novaecaledoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,novaecaledoniae,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1893","Turnix varius and T. novaecaledoniae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. varius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734897,Polyplectron katsumatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,katsumatae,,,,,"Rothschild, 1906", 22734967,Rigidipenna inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Rigidipenna,inexpectata,,,,,"E. Hartert, 1901", 22735037,Clytorhynchus nigrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Clytorhynchus,nigrogularis,,,,,"(Layard, 1875)", 103704094,Batis mixta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,mixta,,,,,"(Shelley, 1889)",

Batis mixta and B. reichenowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. mixta following Fjeldså et al. (2006).

 

22735054,Locustella seebohmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,seebohmi,,,,,"(Brooks, 1875)",

Locustella seebohmi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus seebohmi.

22735065,Certhia discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,discolor,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22735097,Garrulax strepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,strepitans,,,,,"Blyth, 1855", 22735102,Garrulax maesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,maesi,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1890)", 22735107,Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,poecilorhynchus,,,,,"Gould, 1863","Previously treated as Garrulax poecilorhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018).  See comments under P. caerulatus. Until recently, present species included with P. berthemyi. Monotypic." 22735112,Garrulax merulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,merulinus,,,,,"Blyth, 1851", 22712152,Stelgidopteryx serripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Stelgidopteryx,serripennis,,,,,"(Audubon, 1838)",

Stelgidopteryx serripennis and S. ridgwayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. serripennis following AOU (1998 & supplements) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

22735133,Pomatorhinus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,ruficollis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22735157,Dasycrotapha plateni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Dasycrotapha,plateni,,,,,"(Blasius, 1890)",

Dasycrotapha plateni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris plateni.

22735162,Mixornis gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Mixornis,gularis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1822)",

Mixornis gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Macronous gularis.

22735167,Cutia nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Cutia,nipalensis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1837", 22735172,Gampsorhynchus rufulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Gampsorhynchus,rufulus,,,,,"Blyth, 1844", 22735177,Schoeniparus castaneceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Schoeniparus,castaneceps,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)",

Schoeniparus castaneceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe castaneceps.

22735182,Fulvetta cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,cinereiceps,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)",

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta cinereiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe cinereiceps. Formerly treated as conspecific with F. cinereiceps and F. formosana. Two subspecies recognized.

 

22735187,Alcippe peracensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALCIPPEIDAE,Alcippe,peracensis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1887","Following Cai et al. (2019), all members of genus Alcippe now moved to their own family Alcippeidae. Formerly treated as conspecific with A. grotei. Two subspecies recognized." 22735192,Heterophasia melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Heterophasia,melanoleuca,,,,,"(Blyth, 1859)", 22735197,Staphida castaniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Staphida,castaniceps,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)","Previously placed in Yuhina, but moved to Staphida following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly treated as conspecific with S. torqueola. Four subspecies recognized." 22735202,Paradoxornis gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,gularis,,,,,"Gray, 1845",

The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Psittiparus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019): it had been placed in Paradoxornis prior to that change.

Formerly considered conspecific with P. margaritae. Six subspecies recognized.

22735207,Pteroglossus azara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,azara,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22735261,Rhynchostruthus socotranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhynchostruthus,socotranus,,,,,"Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881", 22735305,Myrmelastes saturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,saturatus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1885)",

Myrmelastes saturatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Schistocichla saturata.

 

22735320,Sporophila murallae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,murallae,,,,,"Chapman, 1915", 22735325,Horornis brunnescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,brunnescens,,,,,"(Hume, 1872)",

Horornis brunnescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia brunnescens.

 

22735340,Cinnyris fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,fuelleborni,,,,,"Reichenow, 1899",

Cinnyris fuelleborni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Bowie et al. (2004).

 

22735345,Nesospiza questi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Nesospiza,questi,,,,,"P.R. Lowe, 1923", 22735356,Pernis steerei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pernis,steerei,,,,,"W.L. Sclater, 1919","

Pernis celebensis and P. steerei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. celebensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735400,Psilopogon annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,annamensis,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","

Psilopogon oorti and P. annamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. oorti following Collar (2006). P. faber and P. nuchalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were also split (and placed in Megalaima) following Collar (2006). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as M. oorti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103874452,Montecincla fairbanki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Montecincla,fairbanki,,,,,"(Blanford, 1869)","

Trochalopteron fairbanki, T. meridionale, T. jerdoni and T. cachinnans have been moved to the new genus Montecincla after they were found to be sister to a clade composed of Heterophasia, Minla, Actinodura, Leiothrix, Liocichla and Crocias (Robin et al. 2017). They have also received new common names, and are listed as Palani Chilappan Montecincla fairbanki, Ashambu Chilappan M. meridionalis, Banasura Chilappan M. jerdoni and Nilgiri Chilappan M. cachinnans.

T. fairbanki and T. meridionale (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Strophocincla fairbanki following Rasmussen and Anderton (2005).

" 22735416,Sholicola major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sholicola,major,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1844)","Myiomela albiventris and M. major have been moved to the new genus Sholicola after they were found to be sister to a newly uncovered clade composed of several genera of mainly Asian blue-flycatchers (Robin et al. 2017). They have also received new common names, and are listed as White-bellied Sholakili Sholicola albiventris and Nilgiri Sholakili S. major." 22735473,Hypocnemis flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,flavescens,,,,,"Sclater, 1865", 22735479,Hypocnemis peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,peruviana,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1884", 22735485,Hypocnemis subflava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,subflava,,,,,"Cabanis, 1873", 22735520,Geranoaetus polyosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Geranoaetus,polyosoma,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) ","Geranoaetus polyosoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Buteo. Buteo poecilochrous (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993; Stotz et al. 1996) was also lumped with B. polyosoma following SACC (2006).

" 22735551,Aratinga maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aratinga,maculata,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Aratinga solstitialis and A. maculata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. solstitialis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22735557,Anas andium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,andium,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)", 22735563,Zosterops gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,gibbsi,,,,,"Dutson, 2008", 22735568,Fulvetta ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,ruficapilla,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)","

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta ruficapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe ruficapilla. Formerly treated as conspecific with F. danisi.
Birds recorded in S China (Yunnan and Guizhou) probably belong in present species on basis of range, but not yet compared with type of F. danisi. Two subspecies recognized.

 

" 22735573,Erythrogenys erythrocnemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Erythrogenys,erythrocnemis,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)",

Erythrogenys erythrocnemis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis.

22735599,Passer hemileucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,hemileucus,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1900", 22735615,Charadrius dealbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,dealbatus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)","

Charadrius alexandrinus, C. dealbatus and C. nivosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. alexandrinus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735659,Amytornis purnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,purnelli,,,,,"(Mathews, 1914)", 22735669,Poecilodryas cerviniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Poecilodryas,cerviniventris,,,,,"(Gould, 1858)", 22735692,Rostratula australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ROSTRATULIDAE,Rostratula,australis,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22735703,Ixobrychus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,dubius,,,,,"Matthews, 1912","Ixobrychus minutus and I. dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as I. minutus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735786,Zimmerius albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,albigularis,,,,,(Chapman 1924), 22735791,Zimmerius chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,chrysops,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22735810,Rostratula benghalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ROSTRATULIDAE,Rostratula,benghalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22735819,Erythropitta granatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,granatina,,,,,"(Temminck, 1830)",Erythropitta granatina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta granatina. 22735824,Nok hualon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Nok,hualon,,,,,"(Woxvold, Duckworth & Timmins, 2009)","Bare-faced Bulbul has been shown not to be in the genus Pycnonotus via genetic analysis, which places it sister to Spizixos but sufficiently differentiated to warrant a novel genus, named Nok (Fuchs et al. 2018). This treatment is accepted by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, which recognises Nok hualon (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019)." 103799498,Cinnyris mediocris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,mediocris,,,,,"Shelley, 1885","

Cinnyris mediocris and C. usambaricus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. mediocris following Bowie et al. (2004), BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group.

 

" 22735878,Certhilauda curvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Certhilauda,curvirostris,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22735884,Certhilauda subcoronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Certhilauda,subcoronata,,,,,"Smith, 1843", 22735943,Nesospiza acunhae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Nesospiza,acunhae,,,,,"Cabanis, 1873", 22735960,Otus rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,rutilus,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1849)", 22736005,Passer motitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,motitensis,,,,,"Smith, 1836", 22736020,Passer simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,simplex,,,,,"(Lichenstein, 1823)", 22736080,Surniculus dicruroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Surniculus,dicruroides,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1839)","

Surniculus lugubris, S. dicruroides, S. musschenbroeki and S. velutinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. lugubris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22736089,Surniculus musschenbroeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Surniculus,musschenbroeki,,,,,"A. B. Meyer, 1878","

Surniculus lugubris, S. dicruroides, S. musschenbroeki and S. velutinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. lugubris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22736098,Surniculus velutinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Surniculus,velutinus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877","

Surniculus lugubris, S. dicruroides, S. musschenbroeki and S. velutinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. lugubris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22736120,Phyllomyias weedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,weedeni,,,,,"Herzog, Kessler & Balderrama, 2008", 22736125,Podargus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Podargus,ocellatus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", 22736158,Myrmelastes humaythae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,humaythae,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1907)",

Myrmelastes humaythae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Schistocichla humaythae.

 

22736163,Myrmelastes brunneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,brunneiceps,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1931)",

Myrmelastes brunneiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Schistocichla brunneiceps.

 

22736168,Myrmelastes rufifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,rufifacies,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1929)",

Myrmelastes rufifacies (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Schistocichla rufifacies.

 

22736178,Vidua funerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,funerea,,,,,"(Tarragon, 1847)", 22736188,Scytalopus diamantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,diamantinensis,,,,,"Bornschein et al., 2007", 22736199,Polyplectron bicalcaratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,bicalcaratum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22736226,Cinclodes albidiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,albidiventris,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22736238,Trogon viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,viridis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22736256,Trogon mesurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,mesurus,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1863)", 22736273,Microspingus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,lateralis,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1835)",

Microspingus lateralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

22736285,Scytalopus meridanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,meridanus,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1922", 22736290,Upucerthia dumetaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Upucerthia,dumetaria,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832", 22736295,Upucerthia saturatior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Upucerthia,saturatior,,,,,"Scott, 1900", 22736320,Anas flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,flavirostris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 103711043,Dicrurus hottentottus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,hottentottus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Dicrurus hottentottus and D. striatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. hottentottus following a previous split of D. mengai from D. hottentottus, acknowledged by Rocamora & Yeatman-Berthelot (2009)." 22736363,Icterus dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,dominicensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22736377,Icterus melanopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,melanopsis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22736385,Icterus portoricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,portoricensis,,,,,"(Bryant, 1866)", 22736423,Chasiempis ibidis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Chasiempis,ibidis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1988", 22736440,Chasiempis sandwichensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Chasiempis,sandwichensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22736456,Grallaricula cumanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,cumanensis,,,,,"Hartert, 1900", 22736482,Scytalopus opacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,opacus,,,,,"Zimmer, 1941",

Scytalopus opacus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) previously listed as Scytalopus opaca.

 

22736488,Pseudocolopteryx flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudocolopteryx,flaviventris,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22736507,Merops muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,muelleri,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)", 22736518,Hydrornis guajanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,guajanus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Hydrornis guajanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta guajana and had previously been split into P. guajana, P. irena and P. schwaneri, by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group on the basis of many strong plumage differences, some morphometric differences in guajana, and modest vocal differences, as noted by Rheindt & Eaton (2010)." 22736523,Hydrornis irena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,irena,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)","

Hydrornis irena (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta irena, following a split of P. guajana into P. guajana, P. irena and P. schwaneri, by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group on the basis of many strong plumage differences, some morphometric differences in guajana, and modest vocal differences, as noted by Rheindt & Eaton (2010).

" 22736530,Hydrornis schwaneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,schwaneri,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Hydrornis schwaneri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta schwaneri, following a split of P. guajana into P. guajana, P. irena and P. schwaneri, by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group on the basis of many strong plumage differences, some morphometric differences in guajana, and modest vocal differences, as noted by Rheindt & Eaton (2010).

" 22736541,Anas poecilorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,poecilorhyncha,,,,,"Forster, 1781", 22736557,Phaethornis longuemareus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,longuemareus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1858", 42611196,Aulacorhynchus albivitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,albivitta,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","Aulacorhynchus prasinus, A. wagleri, A. caeruleogularis, A. albivitta, A. cyanolaemus and A. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. prasinus following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45014476,Goura sclaterii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Goura,sclaterii,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876","Goura scheepmakeri and G. sclaterii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. scheepmakeri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45015567,Nisaetus philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,philippensis,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)","Nisaetus philippensis and N. pinskeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Haring et al. (2006), which before then was placed in the genus Spizaetus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45111544,Burhinus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,indicus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1865)","Burhinus oedicnemus and B. indicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously lumped as B. oedicnemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45355372,Lophura inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,inornata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)","Lophura inornata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as L. inornata and L. hoogerwerfi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45359050,Malacoptila minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,minor,,,,,"Sassi, 1911","Malacoptila striata and M. minor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. striata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45360321,Psilopogon oorti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,oorti,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)","Psilopogon oorti and P. annamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. oorti following Collar (2006). P. faber and P. nuchalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were also split (and placed in Megalaima) following Collar (2006). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as M. oorti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45400973,Otus magicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,magicus,,,,,"(Müller, 1841)","Otus magicus and O. tempestatis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. magicus, and O. alfredi, O. siaoensis, O. enganensis, O. insularis and O. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split from O. magicus following Widodo et al. (1999), Lambert and Rasmussen (1998), Andrew (1992) and Holt et al. (1999). Prior to that all these taxa were lumped in O. magicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45400982,Otus tempestatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,tempestatis,,,,,"(Hartert, 1904)","Otus magicus and O. tempestatis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. magicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45401688,Systellura roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Systellura,roraimae,,,,,"Chapman, 1929","Systellura longirostris, S. decussata and S. roraimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus and lumped as C. longirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45418555,Eupsittula astec,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eupsittula,astec,,,,,"(Souancé, 1857)","Eupsittula nana and E. astec (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Aratinga and lumped as A. nana following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45419311,Geoffroyus hyacinthinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Geoffroyus,hyacinthinus,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","Geoffroyus heteroclitus and G. hyacinthinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. heteroclitus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45419833,Psittacella picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacella,picta,,,,,"Rothschild, 1896","Psittacella picta and P. lorentzi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45419842,Psittacella lorentzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacella,lorentzi,,,,,"van Oort, 1910","Psittacella picta and P. lorentzi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45420837,Cyclopsitta nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyclopsitta,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1891)","Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii, C. melanogenia, C. amabilis and C. nigrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. gulielmitertii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45422115,Pyrrhura picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,picta,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45422133,Pyrrhura lucianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,lucianii,,,,,"(Deville, 1851)","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45422220,Pyrrhura roseifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,roseifrons,,,,,"(G. R. Gray, 1859)","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45422277,Pyrrhura parvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,parvifrons,,,,,"Arndt, 2008","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45422316,Pyrrhura peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,peruviana,,,,,"Hocking et al., 2002","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45426696,Pyrrhura pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,pacifica,,,,,"Chapman, 1915","Pyrrhura melanura and P. pacifica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. melanura following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45428646,Forpus xanthopterygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,xanthopterygius,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1883)","Forpus xanthopterygius and F. spengeli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as F. xanthopterygius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45428679,Forpus spengeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,spengeli,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1885)","Forpus xanthopterygius and F. spengeli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as F. xanthopterygius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45433492,Treron calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,calvus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1808)","Treron calvus and T. delalandii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. calvus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45447765,Ducula perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,perspicillata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)","Ducula perspicillata and D. neglecta (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. perspicillata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45447768,Ducula neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,neglecta,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1865)","Ducula perspicillata and D. neglecta (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. perspicillata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45448181,Ducula pinon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,pinon,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","Ducula pinon and D. salvadorii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. pinon following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45448199,Ducula salvadorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,salvadorii,,,,,"(Tristram, 1881)","Ducula pinon and D. salvadorii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. pinon following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45448755,Gymnophaps mada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gymnophaps,mada,,,,,"(Hartert, 1899)","Gymnophaps mada and G. stalkeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. mada following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45448758,Gymnophaps stalkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gymnophaps,stalkeri,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)","Gymnophaps mada and G. stalkeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. mada following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45449325,Ninox jacquinoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,jacquinoti,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","Ninox jacquinoti, N. granti, N. malaitae and N. roseoaxillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. jacquinoti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45449331,Ninox malaitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,malaitae,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","Ninox jacquinoti, N. granti, N. malaitae and N. roseoaxillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. jacquinoti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45449334,Ninox roseoaxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,roseoaxillaris,,,,,"(Hartert, 1929)","Ninox jacquinoti, N. granti, N. malaitae and N. roseoaxillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. jacquinoti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45450140,Heliodoxa schreibersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,schreibersii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)","Heliodoxa schreibersii and H. whitelyana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. schreibersii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45450143,Heliodoxa whitelyana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,whitelyana,,,,,"(Gould, 1872)","Heliodoxa schreibersii and H. whitelyana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. schreibersii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45470698,Psophia dextralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,PSOPHIIDAE,Psophia,dextralis,,,,,"Conover, 1934","Psophia viridis, P. dextralis and P. obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. viridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45470705,Psophia viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,PSOPHIIDAE,Psophia,viridis,,,,,"Spix, 1825","Psophia viridis, P. dextralis and P. obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. viridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45478209,Psophia ochroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,PSOPHIIDAE,Psophia,ochroptera,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1857","Psophia crepitans and P. ochroptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. crepitans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45479083,Guttera verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Guttera,verreauxi,,,,,"(Elliot, 1870)","Guttera pucherani, G. edouardi and G. verreauxi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. pucherani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45953631,Sarkidiornis melanotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Sarkidiornis,melanotos,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)","Sarkidiornis melanotos and S. sylvicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. melanotos following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), and prior to that had been split as S. melanotos and S. sylvicola in Collar and Andrew (1988)," 60444792,Alopecoenas beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,beccarii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","Alopecoenas beccarii and A. johannae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba and lumped as G. beccarii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60444823,Alopecoenas johannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,johannae,,,,,"(Sclater, 1877)","Alopecoenas beccarii and A. johannae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba and lumped as G. beccarii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60482887,Spilopelia chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Spilopelia,chinensis,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","Spilopelia chinensis and S. suratensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Stigmatopelia and lumped as Stigmatopelia chinensis following Cheke (2005), and before that placed in the genus Streptopelia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60483076,Spilopelia suratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Spilopelia,suratensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Spilopelia chinensis and S. suratensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Stigmatopelia and lumped as Stigmatopelia chinensis following Cheke (2005), and before that placed in the genus Streptopelia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60543351,Phapitreron amethystinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,amethystinus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1855","Phapitreron amethystinus, P. maculipectus and P. frontalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. amethystinus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60759996,Ptilinopus purpuratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,purpuratus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Ptilinopus purpuratus and P. chrysogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped asP. purpuratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60814475,Aegotheles bennettii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,bennettii,,,,,"Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1875","Aegotheles bennettii and A. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. bennettii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60814512,Aegotheles affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,affinis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875","Aegotheles bennettii and A. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. bennettii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60838951,Aerodramus leucophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,leucophaeus,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)","Aerodramus leucophaeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia and split as C. leucophaea and C. ocista following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60847684,Aerodramus fuciphagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,fuciphagus,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1812)","Aerodramus fuciphagus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia and split as C. fuciphaga and C. germani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60859989,Heliangelus clarisse,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,clarisse,,,,,"(Longuemare, 1841)","Heliangelus amethysticollis, H. clarisse and H. spencei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. amethysticollis following SACC (2005), and prior to that were split as H. amethysticollis and H. spencei (including clarisse) following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60859997,Heliangelus amethysticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,amethysticollis,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)","Heliangelus amethysticollis, H. clarisse and H. spencei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. amethysticollis following SACC (2005), and prior to that were split as H. amethysticollis and H. spencei (including clarisse) following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60860042,Heliangelus spencei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,spencei,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)","Heliangelus amethysticollis, H. clarisse and H. spencei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. amethysticollis following SACC (2005), and prior to that were split as H. amethysticollis and H. spencei (including clarisse) following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60946163,Oreotrochilus estella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreotrochilus,estella,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)","Oreotrochilus estella and O. stolzmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. estella following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60946473,Oreotrochilus stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreotrochilus,stolzmanni,,,,,"Salvin, 1895","Oreotrochilus estella and O. stolzmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. estella following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61162182,Eriocnemis luciani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,luciani,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)","Eriocnemis luciani and E. sapphiropygia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. luciani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61162365,Eriocnemis sapphiropygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,sapphiropygia,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1874","Eriocnemis luciani and E. sapphiropygia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. luciani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61172969,Coeligena bonapartei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,bonapartei,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","Coeligena bonapartei, C. consita and C. eos (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. bonapartei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61173059,Coeligena eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,eos,,,,,"(Gould, 1848)","Coeligena bonapartei, C. consita and C. eos (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. bonapartei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61197713,Chlorostilbon poortmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,poortmani,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)","Chlorostilbon poortmani (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. poortmani and C. alice following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61201742,Amazilia viridigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,viridigaster,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)","Amazilia viridigaster and A. cupreicauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. viridigaster following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61201753,Amazilia cupreicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,cupreicauda,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1884","Amazilia viridigaster and A. cupreicauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. viridigaster following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61204079,Falcipennis canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Falcipennis,canadensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Falcipennis canadensis and F. franklinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Dendragapus and lumped as D. canadensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61204155,Falcipennis franklinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Falcipennis,franklinii,,,,,"(Douglas, 1829)","Falcipennis canadensis and F. franklinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Dendragapus and lumped as D. canadensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61432919,Eudynamys orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Eudynamys,orientalis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","Eudynamys orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as E. orientalis and E. melanorhynchus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), with gender agreement following David and Gosselin (2002b)." 61469878,Psilopogon asiaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,asiaticus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","Psilopogon asiaticus and P. chersonesus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. asiatica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61469908,Psilopogon chersonesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,chersonesus,,,,,"(Kloss & Chasen, 1927)","Psilopogon asiaticus and P. chersonesus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. asiatica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61487852,Picumnus exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,exilis,,,,,"(Liechtenstein, 1823)","Picumnus exilis and P. nigropunctatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. exilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61488027,Picumnus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Zimmer & Phelps, 1950","Picumnus exilis and P. nigropunctatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. exilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61517196,Dinopium benghalense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dinopium,benghalense,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Dinopium benghalense and D. psarodes (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. benghalense following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61517218,Dinopium psarodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dinopium,psarodes,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1793)","Dinopium benghalense and D. psarodes (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. benghalense following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61534039,Colaptes aeruginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,aeruginosus,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1862)","Colaptes rubiginosus and C. aeruginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. rubiginosus following SACC (2007), which prior to that was placed in the genus Piculus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61536191,Celeus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,flavescens,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Celeus flavescens and C. ochraceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. flavescens following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61553308,Dryobates cathpharius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryobates,cathpharius,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)","Dryobates cathpharius and D. pernyii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos and lumped as Dendrocopos cathpharius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61553315,Dryobates pernyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryobates,pernyii,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1867)","Dryobates cathpharius and D. pernyii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos and lumped as Dendrocopos cathpharius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61567591,Aulacorhynchus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,sulcatus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1820)","Aulacorhynchus sulcatus and A. calorhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. sulcatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61612961,Lophoceros fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,fasciatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)","Lophoceros fasciatus and L. semifasciatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Tockus and lumped as T. fasciatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61627052,Merops variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,variegatus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817","Merops variegatus and M. lafresnayii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. variegatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61627085,Merops lafresnayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,lafresnayii,,,,,"Guérin-Méneville, 1843","

Merops variegatus and M. lafresnayii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. variegatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 61634607,Momotus momota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Momotus,momota,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Momotus momota, M. coeruliceps, M. lessonii, M. subrufescens, M. bahamensis and M. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. momota following SACC (2005). Prior to that, M. aequatorialis had been split following Stotz et al. (1996), and before that all forms were lumped with M. momota following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
" 61634940,Momotus bahamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Momotus,bahamensis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)","Momotus momota, M. coeruliceps, M. lessonii, M. subrufescens, M. bahamensis and M. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. momota following SACC (2005). Prior to that, M. aequatorialis had been split following Stotz et al. (1996), and before that all forms were lumped with M. momota following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
" 61650582,Corythornis cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Corythornis,cristatus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)","Corythornis cristatus, C. nais and C. thomensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Alcedo and lumped as A. cristata following Melo and Fuchs (2008). Prior to that, all three taxa had been split as A. cristata, A. thomensis and A. nais following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61655451,Ceyx melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,melanurus,,,,,"(Kaup, 1848)","Ceyx melanurus and C. mindanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. melanurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61655468,Ceyx mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,mindanensis,,,,,"Steere, 1890","Ceyx melanurus and C. mindanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. melanurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61658565,Ceyx erithaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,erithaca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Ceyx erithaca (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. erithaca and C. rufidorsa following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), with gender agreement of erithaca following David and Gosselin (2002a)." 61659795,Ceyx wallacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,wallacii,,,,,"Sharpe, 1868","Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61686959,Trogon violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,violaceus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788","Trogon violaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into T. violaceus, T. caligatus and T. ramonianus following SACC (2009, 2010). Prior to that all three taxa had been lumped as T. violaceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 61687964,Trogon surrucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,surrucura,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817","Trogon surrucura and T. aurantius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. surrucura following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61688072,Trogon aurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,aurantius,,,,,"Spix, 1824","Trogon surrucura and T. aurantius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. surrucura following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61692251,Trogon collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,collaris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817","Trogon collaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as T. collaris and T. aurantiiventris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61709172,Circus spilothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,spilothorax,,,,,"Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1876","Circus spilonotus and C. spilothorax (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. spilonotus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61741660,Bubo cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,cinerascens,,,,,"Guérin-Méneville, 1843","Bubo africanus and B. cinerascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. africanus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61752097,Bubo magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,magellanicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Bubo virginianus and B. magellanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. virginianus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61767847,Megascops guatemalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,guatemalae,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1875)","Megascops guatemalae and M. vermiculatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. guatemalae following AOU (2003). Prior to that, M. guatemalae, plus M. atricapilla and M. hoyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), had been placed in the genus Otus and were treated as two species; O. atricapillus (including guatemalae and hoyi) and O. vermiculatus, following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61769583,Megascops vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,vermiculatus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1887","Megascops guatemalae and M. vermiculatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. guatemalae following AOU (2003). Prior to that, M. guatemalae, plus M. atricapilla and M. hoyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), had been placed in the genus Otus and were treated as two species; O. atricapillus (including guatemalae and hoyi) and O. vermiculatus, following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61781834,Ptilopsis leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ptilopsis,leucotis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)","Ptilopsis leucotis and P. granti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Otus and lumped as O. leucotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61781923,Ptilopsis granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ptilopsis,granti,,,,,"(Kollibay, 1910)","Ptilopsis leucotis and P. granti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Otus and lumped as O. leucotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61789630,Automolus leucophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,leucophthalmus,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 61791135,Glaucidium gnoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,gnoma,,,,,"Wagler, 1832","Sometimes considered part of a species-group centred on Glaucidium passerinum (which see). G. gnoma, G. californicum, G. cobanense and G. hoskinsii (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) were previously considered a single species, G. gnoma, following AOU (1998), but these recently separated on basis of vocalizations and/or DNA evidence. Prior to that G. gnoma and G. californicum had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Perhaps closely related to G. costaricanum, which has recently been treated as conspecific with present species by some authors. Monotypic.
" 61791401,Glaucidium californicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,californicum,,,,,"Sclater, 1857","Sometimes considered part of a species-group centred on Glaucidium passerinum (which see). G. californicum (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) formerly treated as a subspecies of G. gnoma following AOU (1998): split on basis mainly of vocalizations, DNA and ecology. Prior to that G. gnoma and G. californicum had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Racial differences rather slight, based primarily on morphology; grinnelli sometimes synonymized with nominate (König, Weick & Becking 1999), and pinicola perhaps not valid. Four subspecies recognized.." 61791597,Glaucidium cobanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,cobanense,,,,,"Sharpe, 1875","Sometimes considered part of a species-group centred on Glaucidium passerinum (which see). G. cobanense (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) has usually been treated as a subspecies of G. gnoma (AOU 1998), but recent study of vocalizations has revealed notable differences (Eisermann & Howell 2011, Howell & Eisermann 2011). Prior to that G. gnoma and G. californicum had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Monotypic." 61791676,Glaucidium hoskinsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,hoskinsii,,,,,"Brewster, 1888","Sometimes considered part of a species-group centred on Glaucidium passerinum (which see). G. hoskinsii (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) was formerly treated as subspecies of G. gnoma (AOU 1998); recently split on basis mainly of vocalizations. Prior to that G. gnoma and G. californicum had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Monotypic." 61815999,Glaucidium brasilianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,brasilianum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Glaucidium brasilianum and G. tucumanum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. brasilianum following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61816442,Glaucidium tucumanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,tucumanum,,,,,"Chapman, 1922","Glaucidium brasilianum and G. tucumanum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. brasilianum following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61855263,Otus bakkamoena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,bakkamoena,,,,,"Pennant, 1769","Otus bakkamoena, O. semitorques, O. lettia and O. lempiji (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. bakkamoena following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61859106,Otus lempiji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,lempiji,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","Otus bakkamoena, O. semitorques, O. lettia and O. lempiji (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. bakkamoena following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61914670,Otus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,senegalensis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)","Otus senegalensis, O. feae, O. pamelae and O. socotranus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. senegalensis. Before then, O. senegalensis, plus O. scops, O. sunia and O. alius (the latter three sensu del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), AOU (1998) and Rasmussen (1998). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as O. scops following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61958763,Diopsittaca nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Diopsittaca,nobilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Diopsittaca nobilis and D. cumanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61958866,Diopsittaca cumanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Diopsittaca,cumanensis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Diopsittaca nobilis and D. cumanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61999582,Hypnelus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Hypnelus,ruficollis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)","Hypnelus ruficollis and H. bicinctus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. ruficollis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61999682,Hypnelus bicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Hypnelus,bicinctus,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","Hypnelus ruficollis and H. bicinctus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. ruficollis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62015238,Haematopus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,ater,,,,,"Vieillot & Oudart, 1825","Haematopus ater (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as H. ater and H. bachmani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62023787,Ninox boobook,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,boobook,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","Ninox novaeseelandiae, N. leucopsis and N. boobook (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. novaeseelandiae following Christidis and Boles (1994). Prior to that Ninox novaeseelandiae and N. boobook had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62023823,Ninox leucopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,leucopsis,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)","Ninox novaeseelandiae, N. leucopsis and N. boobook (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. novaeseelandiae following Christidis and Boles (1994). Prior to that Ninox novaeseelandiae and N. boobook had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62023843,Ninox novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Ninox novaeseelandiae, N. leucopsis and N. boobook (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. novaeseelandiae following Christidis and Boles (1994). Prior to that Ninox novaeseelandiae and N. boobook had been split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62049529,Chrysophlegma humii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysophlegma,humii,,,,,"Hargitt, 1889","Chrysophlegma mentale and C. humii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Picus and lumped as P. mentalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62049548,Chrysophlegma mentale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysophlegma,mentale,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)","Chrysophlegma mentale and C. humii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Picus and lumped as P. mentalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62114375,Podiceps occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,occipitalis,,,,,"Garnot, 1826","Podiceps occipitalis and P. juninensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. occipitalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62120280,Gallinula galeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallinula,galeata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1818)","Gallinula chloropus and G. galeata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. chloropus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62154828,Rallus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,longirostris,,,,,"Boddaert, 1783","Rallus longirostris, R. crepitans and R. obsoletus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. longirostris following AOU (2000). Rallus elegans and R. tenuirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. elegans following AOU (2000). Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) included tenuirostris within R. longirostris.
" 62169677,Fulica americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,americana,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","Fulica americana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as F. americana and F. caribaea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62178398,Coenocorypha barrierensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Coenocorypha,barrierensis,,,,,"Oliver, 1955","

Coenocorypha aucklandica, C. huegeli, C. barrierensis and C. iredalei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. aucklandica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 62181349,Pionites xanthomerius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionites,xanthomerius,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1858) ","Pionites leucogaster, P. xanthomerius and P. xanthurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucogaster following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62220237,Ramphastos citreolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,citreolaemus,,,,,"Gould, 1844","Ramphastos citreolaemus (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) was previously listed as R. citrolaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) . R. vitellinus, R. culminatus, R. citrolaemus and R. ariel (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. vitellinus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as R. vitellinus, R. culminatus and R. citreolaemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62288672,Turnix varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,varius,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","Turnix varius and T. novaecaledoniae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. varius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62289271,Prosobonia parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Prosobonia,parvirostris,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)","Prosobonia cancellata and P. parvirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cancellata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62290539,Otus sulaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,sulaensis,,,,,"(Hartert, 1898)","Otus manadensis, O. mendeni and O. sulaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. manadensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62290590,Otus manadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,manadensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)","Otus manadensis, O. mendeni and O. sulaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. manadensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62291168,Charadrius aquilonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,aquilonius,,,,,"Dowding, 1994","Charadrius obscurus and C. aquilonius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. obscurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62292583,Coracopsis sibilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Coracopsis,sibilans,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","Coracopsis nigra, C. barklyi and C. sibilans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. nigra following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22678949,Coturnix japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Coturnix,japonica,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1849", 22679287,Crossoptilon harmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Crossoptilon,harmani,,,,,"Elwes, 1881", 22680178,Anas fulvigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,fulvigula,,,,,"Ridgway, 1874","Anas platyrhynchos and A. fulvigula (incorporating diazi) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously treated as A. platyrhynchos (incorporating diazi) and A. fulvigula following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22681562,Meiglyptes tukki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Meiglyptes,tukki,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22681732,Cryptolybia olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Cryptolybia,olivacea,,,,,"(Shelley, 1880)",Cryptolybia olivacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Stactolaema. 22681994,Pteroglossus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,viridis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683796,Urocolius indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLIIFORMES,COLIIDAE,Urocolius,indicus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22684232,Centropus andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,andamanensis,,,,,"Beavan, 1867", 22687668,Lampornis amethystinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,amethystinus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 22688355,Tauraco leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,leucotis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)", 22689504,Asio stygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Asio,stygius,,,,,"(Wagler, 1832)", 22689603,Batrachostomus moniliger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,moniliger,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 22690736,Zenaida macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zenaida,macroura,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22690768,Columbina squammata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,squammata,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22690799,Columbina cruziana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,cruziana,,,,,"(Prévost, 1842)", 22692199,Psophia leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,PSOPHIIDAE,Psophia,leucoptera,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 22692640,Amaurornis phoenicurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurornis,phoenicurus,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)", 22693852,Charadrius falklandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,falklandicus,,,,,"Latham, 1790", 22694961,Aviceda subcristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aviceda,subcristata,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22695293,Spilornis cheela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spilornis,cheela,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","Spilornis minimus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into S. klossi with the remainder (i.e. nominate minimus) lumped with S. cheela (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) following Rasmussen and Anderton (2005)." 22696067,Aquila verreauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,verreauxii,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 22697028,Ardea sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,sumatrana,,,,,"Raffles, 1822", 22703384,Grallaricula ochraceifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,ochraceifrons,,,,,"Graves, O'Neill & Parker, 1983", 22725334,Trichoglossus moluccanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,moluccanus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Trichoglossus haematodus, T. forsteni, T. capistratus, T. weberi, T. rubritorquis, T. moluccanus and T. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. haematodus following Christidis and Boles (1994), and before then were split as T. haematodus and T. rubritorquis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726208,Pteroglossus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,sanguineus,,,,,"Gould, 1854","

Pteroglossus torquatus, P. sanguineus and P. erythropygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. torquatus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as P. torquatus, P. sanguineus and P. erythropygius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726601,Ceyx margarethae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,margarethae,,,,,"Blasius, 1890","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727035,Galbula albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,albirostris,,,,,"Latham, 1790","

Galbula albirostris and G. chalcocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. albirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727697,Accipiter tachiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,tachiro,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)","

Accipiter tachiro and A. toussenelii (incorporating unduliventer) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. tachiro following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), and before then were split as A. tachiro (incorporating unduliventer) and A. toussenelii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22729569,Crypturellus erythropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,erythropus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1863)", 22733956,Zenaida asiatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zenaida,asiatica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Zenaida asiatica (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into Z. asiatica and Z. meloda following SACC (2006)." 22734618,Staphida torqueola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Staphida,torqueola,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)","Previously placed in Yuhina, but moved to Staphida following Cai et al. (2019). See Y. castaniceps. Formerly treated as conspecific with Y. castaniceps. Monotypic." 61434337,Cacomantis variolosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cacomantis,variolosus,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1826)","Cacomantis variolosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. variolosus and C. sepulcralis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61859151,Otus semitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,semitorques,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Otus bakkamoena, O. semitorques, O. lettia and O. lempiji (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. bakkamoena following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 191007,Chalcorana megalonesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,megalonesa,,,,,"(Inger, Stuart & Iskandar, 2009)", 78934295,Chalcorana parvaccola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,parvaccola,,,,,"(Inger, Stuart & Iskandar, 2009)",This is a split from the broader concept of Hylarana chalconota. 203072,Sceloporus malachiticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,malachiticus,,,,,"Cope, 1864","The status of this species in El Salvador is unclear. Smith et al. (2001) stated that Sceloporus acanthinus ranges into El Salvador, while Köhler et al. (2006) and Köhler (2008), following advice from E. N. Smith, included El Salvador populations in S. malachiticus. These accounts follow the latter authors in attributing Salvadorian records to S. malachitus." 191009,Chalcorana rufipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,rufipes,,,,,"(Inger, Stuart & Iskandar, 2009)",This is a split from the broader concept of Chalcorana chalconota (as Hylarana chalconota) by Inger et al. 2009. 47144519,Rhacophorus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,helenae,,,,,"Rowley, Tran, Hoang & Le 2012", 189453,Clithon chlorostomum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,chlorostomum,,,,,"(G.B. Sowerby I in Broderip & Sowerby, 1833)", 189048,Clithon fuliginosum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,fuliginosum,,,,,"(von dem Busch, 1843)","The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies. It may be a homonym of Neritina fuliginosa (Theobald, 1859) or represent the same species, but since its descripition, this species has been ignored in taxonomic studies. As a result, data on its biology and distribution are scarce or unreliable and further taxonomic research is needed." 189261,Clithon olivaceum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,olivaceum,,,,,"(Rècluz, 1843)", 95496900,Neripteron mauriciae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neripteron,mauriciae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 95496913,Neripteron auriculatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Neripteron,auriculatum,,,,,"(Lamarck, 1816)", 55824,Trachycephalus typhonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Trachycephalus,typhonius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This species was previously within the genus Phrynohyas which was recently synonymized with Trachycephalus (Faivovich et al. 2005).

Considering its wide distribution and known variation, the many subpopulations under this name require a careful taxonomic reassessment, as very likely more than one species is currently included under this name (J. Faivovich pers. comm. October 2018)." 8785,Sciurocheirus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Sciurocheirus,alleni,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)","Groves (2005) lists this taxon as Galago alleni. Grubb et al. (2003) split the taxon into two subspecies: Sciurocheirus alleni alleni from Bioko Island and S. a. cameronensis from the mainland. Groves (2001, 2005) treated these as two species." 89187134,Rohanixalus baladika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rohanixalus,baladika,,,,,"(Riyanto & Kurniati, 2014)", 89187170,Chirixalus trilaksonoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chirixalus,trilaksonoi,,,,,"(Riyanto & Kurniati, 2014)", 89187048,Rohanixalus nauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rohanixalus,nauli,,,,,"(Riyanto & Kurniati, 2014)", 78458778,Chiropterotriton miquihuanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,miquihuanus,,,,,"Campbell, Streicher, Cox & Brodie, 2014", 78903312,Chiromantis inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chiromantis,inexpectatus,,,,,"Matsui, Shimada & Sudin, 2014","This species belongs to the genus Feihyla (Chan, K.O. unpubl. data January 2018)." 78586534,Thorius hankeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,hankeni,,,,,"Campbell, Brodie, Flores-Villela & Smith, 2014", 78496612,Eleutherodactylus grunwaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,grunwaldi,,,,,"Reyes-Velasco, Ahumada-Carrillo, Burkhardt & Devitt, 2015", 78497362,Eleutherodactylus wixarika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,wixarika,,,,,"Reyes-Velasco, Ahumada-Carrillo, Burkhardt & Devitt, 2015", 20492,Spermophilus suslicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,suslicus,,,,,"(Güldenstaedt, 1770)",There are two chromosome races of this species: Spermophilus odessanus (36 chromosome) and S. suslicus sensu stricto (34 chromosomes). These are separated by the Dnieper River. The eastern Europe race is considered a separate species by many taxonomists. S. odessanus is declining more than S. suslicus sensu stricto. 166759,Mieniplotia scabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Mieniplotia,scabra,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Plotia. It is now considered valid in the genus Mieniplotia. 95558146,Neoromicia isabella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Neoromicia,isabella,,,,,"Decher, Huttere & Monadjem, 2015", 95558305,Otomops harrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,harrisoni,,,,,"Ralph, Richards, Taylor, Napier & Lamb, 2015",Formerly this species included Otomops martiensseni. 95567256,Datnia elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Datnia,elongata,,,,,"Guichenot, 1866", 95567639,Osteomugil engeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Osteomugil,engeli,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 95568324,Monodactylus falciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MONODACTYLIDAE,Monodactylus,falciformis,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 95568732,Acentrogobius audax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,audax,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 95569528,Atherinomorus duodecimalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherinomorus,duodecimalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)","Note that there is disagreement on the taxonomy of Atherinomorus and some researchers believe that Atherinomorus lacunosus is the species present in the western Indian Ocean, including East Africa, the Seychelles, to Madagascar and the Mascarenes, whereas A. duodecimalis exhibits a more easterly range, Sri Lanka to East Indies (Eschmeyer et al. 2016)." 54467,Ansonia glandulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,glandulosa,,,,,"Iskandar & Mumpuni, 2004", 58580,Sumaterana crassiovis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sumaterana,crassiovis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)",This species is provisionally included in the genus Chalcorana by Oliver et al. 2015 but its taxonomy needs to be confirmed because its life history strategy is closer to Amolops (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). 54788,Duttaphrynus valhallae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,valhallae,,,,,"(Meade-Waldo, 1909)",In 2009 Van Bocxlaer et al. suggested to transfer this species from genus Bufo to genus Duttaphrynus. 80221085,Coleura kibomalandy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Coleura,kibomalandy,,,,,"Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling 2012",This genus was first found on Madagascar in 2004 and originally identified as Coleura afra (Goodman et al. 2008). On the basis of new specimen material and morphological and molecular data the Madagascar population was shown to be distinct from C. afra and described as a new species endemic to the island (Goodman et al. 2012). 80221456,Asellia italosomalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Asellia,italosomalica,,,,,"De Beaux, 1931","This species has been split from Asellia tridens by Benda et al. (2011)" 80222726,Asellia arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Asellia,arabica,,,,,"Benda, Vallo, & Reiter, 2011",This species has been split from Asellia tridens by Benda et al. (2011). 80222798,Hipposideros einnaythu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,einnaythu,,,,,"Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Satasook, Soisook, Si Si Hla Bu, Aul, Harrison, Pearch, Thomas & Bates, 2011", 80222915,Hipposideros griffini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,griffini,,,,,"Vu Dinh Trong, Puechmaille, Denzinger, Dietz, Csorba, Bates, Teeling & Schnitzler, 2012", 80224655,Hipposideros pendleburyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,pendleburyi,,,,,"Chasen, 1936",Previously this was included in H. turpis as H. turpis pendlebury. It has now been raised to species level. 80224880,Hipposideros alongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,alongensis,,,,,"Bourret, 1942",Previously this was included in H. turpis as H. turpis alongensis. It has now been raised to species level. 80263386,Eudiscoderma thongareeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MEGADERMATIDAE,Eudiscoderma,thongareeae,,,,,"Soisook, Prajakjitr, Karapan, Francis & Bates, 2015", 80458824,Hipposideros nicobarulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,nicobarulae,,,,,"Miller, 1902","This species was previously included in Hipposideros ater, but is now considered distinct following Douangboubpha et al. (2011)." 81068840,Paratriaenops pauliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Paratriaenops,pauliani,,,,,"Goodman et Ranivo, 2008","On the basis of a few available specimens from the western Seychelles, this recently described species was previously identified as the Malagasy species Triaenops furculus or T. auritus, which today are placed in the genus Paratriaenops. On the basis of morphological data it has been shown to be distinct from P. furculus and P. auritus, and, hence, endemic to the western Seychelles (Goodman and Ranivo 2008)." 81081036,Triaenops afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Triaenops,afer,,,,,"Peters, 1877","Formerly considered Triaenops persicus or T. persicus afer. Taxonomic revision by Benda and Vallo (2009) determined that T. afer is a distinct species within its African range from T. persicus, which is restricted to the Middle East and South Asia." 81189973,Glischropus bucephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Glischropus,bucephalus,,,,,"Csorba, 2011","Specimens north of the Isthmus of Kra were treated as Glischropus tylops before the description of the species (Csorba 2011)." 81629758,Miniopterus brachytragos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,brachytragos,,,,,"Goodman, Maminirina, Bradman, Christidis & Appleton, 2009","Peterson et al. (1995) noted considerable morphological variation in the widespread Malagasy species Miniopterus manavi. Recent work using morphological and molecular characters found that animals previously assigned to this species are distinctly more speciose than previously understood (Christidis et al. 2014). Further, not all of the ""manavi"" like taxa are closely related to M. manavi. Miniopterus brachytragos is one of these recently described species (Goodman et al. 2009)." 81629764,Miniopterus mahafaliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,mahafaliensis,,,,,"Goodman, Maminirina, Bradman, Christidis, & Appleton, 2009","Peterson et al. (1995) noted considerable morphological variation in the widespread Malagasy species Miniopterus manavi. Recent work using morphological and molecular characters found that animals previously assigned to this species are distinctly more speciose than previously understood (Christidis et al. 2014). Further, not all of the ""manavi"" like taxa are closely related to M. manavi. Miniopterus mahafaliensis is one of these recently described species (Goodman et al. 2009)." 81629770,Miniopterus aelleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,aelleni,,,,,"Goodman, Maminirina, Weyeneth, Bradman, Christidis, Ruedi & Appleton, 2009","Peterson et al. (1995) noted considerable morphological variation in the widespread Malagasy species Miniopterus manavi. Recent work using morphological and molecular characters found that animals previously assigned to this species are distinctly more speciose than previously understood (Weyeneth et al. 2008, 2011; Christidis et al. 2014). Further, not all of the ""manavi"" like taxa are closely related to M. manavi. Miniopterus aelleni is one of these recently described species (Goodman et al. 2009)." 81633105,Miniopterus griffithsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,griffithsi,,,,,"Goodman, Maminirina, Bradman, Christidis & Appleton, 2010","Peterson et al. (1995) described Miniopterus gleni based on specimens collected in different portions of Madagascar.  A phylogeographic study of this species found little genetic variation across its range, with the exception of a population in the extreme southwest and southeast, which was named M. griffithsi (Goodman et al. 2010)." 81633128,Miniopterus ambohitrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,ambohitrensis,,,,,"Goodman, Ramasindrazana, Naughton & Appleton, 2015","Peterson et al. (1995) noted considerable morphological variation in the widespread Malagasy species Miniopterus manavi. Recent work using morphological and molecular characters found that animals previously assigned to this species are distinctly more speciose than previously understood (Christidis et al. 2014). Further, not all of the ""manavi"" like taxa are closely related to M. manavi. Miniopterus ambohitrensis is one of these recently described species (Goodman et al. 2015). It was originally separated from the M. manavi under the name M. aelleni (Goodman et al. 2009), which was subsequently found to be composed of two divergent taxa (Goodman et al. 2015)." 81633146,Miniopterus egeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,egeri,,,,,"Goodman, Ramasindrazana, Maminirina, Schoeman & Appleton,, 2011","Peterson et al. (1995) noted considerable morphological variation in the widespread Malagasy species Miniopterus manavi. Recent work using morphological and molecular characters found that animals previously assigned to this species are distinctly more speciose than previously understood (Christidis et al. 2014). Further, not all of the ""manavi"" like taxa are closely related to M. manavi. Miniopterus egeri is one of these recently described species (Goodman et al. 2011), which was originally separated from the M. manavi under the name M. petersoni (Goodman et al. 2008) and subsequently found to be compose of  two divergent taxa (Goodman et al. 2011)." 81633156,Miniopterus maghrebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,maghrebensis,,,,,"Puechmaille, Allegrini, Benda, Gurun, Sramek, Ibanez, Juste & Bilgin, 2014",Previously this species was included within Miniopterus schreibersii; it is now recognised as a separate species (Puechmaille et al. 2014). 82345696,Rhinopoma hadramauticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOPOMATIDAE,Rhinopoma,hadramauticum,,,,,"Benda, Reiter, Al-Jumaily, Nasher & Hulva, 2009",This species has been split from Rhinopoma muscatellum by Hulva et al. (2007) and Benda et al. (2009). 84372084,Rhinolophus belligerator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,belligerator,,,,,"Patrick, McCulloch & Ruedas, 2013","Rhinolophus belligerator (Patrick, McCulloch, and Ruedas 2013) previously was included with R. arcuatus proconsulis by Hill (1988) based on a single specimen from the Tengah Province of Sulawesi. Subsequent analyses by Patrick and co-workers (2013) elevated this taxon to species status." 84457541,Dyacopterus rickarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dyacopterus,rickarti,,,,,"Helgen, Kock, Gomez, Ingle & Sinaga, 2007", 84931267,Pteropus coxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,coxi,,,,,"Helgen, Helgen & Wilson, 2009", 85736120,Myotis formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,formosus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1835)","The species belongs to the Chrysopteron subgenus of Myotis, with many former subspecies and synonyms. For revision of the group see Csorba et al. (2014)." 57723,Glyphoglossus brooksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,brooksii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Calluella. Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Glyphoglossus Guenther, 1869 ""1868"" (Peloso et al. 2015), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Gylyphoglossus." 57724,Glyphoglossus flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,flavus,,,,,"(Kiew, 1984)", 57726,Glyphoglossus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,smithi,,,,,"(Barbour & Noble, 1916)", 57727,Glyphoglossus volzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,volzi,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1905)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Calluella. Calluella Stoliczka, 1872 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Glyphoglossus Gunther, 1869 ""1868"" (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Glyphoglossus." 58304,Wijayarana modiglianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Wijayarana,modiglianii,,,,,"(Doria, Salvidio & Tavan, 1999)", 47709592,Dolichopoda palpata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,palpata,,,,,"(Sulzer, 1776)", 56088,Alexteroon jynx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Alexteroon,jynx,,,,,"Amiet, 2000", 58693,Hylarana persimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,persimilis,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1923)","This species is provisionally assigned to the genus Hylarana, but further analyses are needed to solve its taxonomy (Oliver et al. 2015). The identity of the known specimens has been questioned and is probably a synonym of Humerana miopus (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017)." 59611,Ichthyophis bernisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,bernisi,,,,,"Salvador, 1975", 58194,Amnirana asperrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,asperrima,,,,,"(Perret, 1977)", 59612,Ichthyophis biangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,biangularis,,,,,"Taylor, 1965",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59613,Ichthyophis billitonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,billitonensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1965", 58199,Amnirana longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,longipes,,,,,"(Perret, 1960)","J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.) considers this to be a high-altitude savanna form of Hylarana albolbris, since there is a gradual transition between the two forms, and there are no call differences." 56090,Arlequinus krebsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Arlequinus,krebsi,,,,,"(Mertens, 1938)", 95792220,Trachylepis ozorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,ozorii,,,,,"(Bocage, 1893)", 59615,Ichthyophis dulitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,dulitensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59616,Ichthyophis elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,elongatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1965",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59622,Ichthyophis javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,javanicus,,,,,"Taylor, 1960", 54416,Astylosternus diadematus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,diadematus,,,,,"Werner, 1898",It is possible that animals resembling this species on Mount Manenguba and at Buea on Mount Cameroon belong to as yet undescribed forms (Amiet 1977). 54417,Astylosternus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,fallax,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 54418,Astylosternus laurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,laurenti,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 54420,Astylosternus nganhanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,nganhanus,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 54422,Astylosternus perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,perreti,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 54424,Astylosternus rheophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,rheophilus,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 54425,Astylosternus schioetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,schioetzi,,,,,"Amiet, 1978", 89186727,Cardioglossa inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,inornata,,,,,"Laurent, 1952",This is a split from the broader concept of Cardioglossa nigromaculata (elevated from subspecies level) (Hirschfeld et al. 2015). 59605,Ichthyophis paucidentulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,paucidentulus,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",It is possible that some museum specimens currently assigned to other species might actually belong to this species (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 59629,Ichthyophis paucisulcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,paucisulcus,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It is not clear that all specimens attributed to this name actually belong to the same species. 61745,Cardioglossa alsco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,alsco,,,,,"Herrmann, Herrmann, Schmitz & Böhme, 2004",Records of Cardioglossa pulchra from Tchabal Mbabo (Amiet 1972) now refer to this species (Herrmann et al. 2004). 54409,Cardioglossa schioetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,schioetzi,,,,,"Amiet, 1981", 95947515,Arion luisae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,luisae,,,,,"Borredà & Martínez-Ortí, 2014", 12303,Lontra felina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lontra,felina,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","The use of Lutra for four New World otter species (L. felina, L. canadensis, L. longicaudis, L. provocax) has been widespread in the past. Van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987) separated this group into the genus Lontra based on morphological criteria, which was confirmed by Wozencraft (1993). Koepfli and Wayne (1998) and Koepfli et al. (2008) re-confirmed this classification based on molecular data. Thus, nowadays the generic name Lontra should be accepted as valid for all New World otters (except Pteronura)." 12305,Lontra provocax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lontra,provocax,,,,,"(Thomas, 1908)","Lontra provocax had been considered a subspecies of L. canadensis (Davis 1978). It was placed in the genus Lontra by van Zyll de Jong (1987). Koepfli and Wayne (1998) and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) supported the separation of New World otters into genus Lontra from Lutra, except Pteronura." 95972054,Synodus isolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,isolatus,,,,,"Randall, 2009",This species was formerly misidentified as Synodus doaki (Randall 2009). 95972092,Upeneus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,guttatus,,,,,"(Day, 1868)",This species will be replaced by an undescribed species in South Africa. This is currently under investigation (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 95984916,Gnatholepis knighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gnatholepis,knighti,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 95999331,Trimma capostriatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,capostriatum,,,,,"(Goren, 1981)",This species had previously been synonymised with Trimma stiratus and is now recognised as a separate species (Winterbottom et al. 2014) 96004823,Trimma fangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,fangi,,,,,"Winterbottom & Chen, 2004", 96004847,Trimma lantana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,lantana,,,,,"Winterbottom & Villa, 2003", 58254,Conraua robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CONRAUIDAE,Conraua,robusta,,,,,"Nieden, 1908", 59635,Ichthyophis sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,sumatranus,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. It is possible that some museum specimens currently assigned to other species might actually belong to this species (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 5263,Conraua goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CONRAUIDAE,Conraua,goliath,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 56156,Hyperolius leleupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,leleupi,,,,,"Laurent, 1951", 57834,Kalophrynus bunguranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,bunguranus,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)", 215,Acicula norrisi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,norrisi,,,,,"E. Gittenberger & Boeters, 1977", 57545,Leptobrachella natunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,natunae,,,,,"(Günther, 1895)", 58343,Limnonectes kenepaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,kenepaiensis,,,,,"(Inger, 1966)", 89113671,Odontobatrachus arndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOBATRACHIDAE,Odontobatrachus,arndti,,,,,"Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Sandberger-Loua, Emmrich, Adeba, & Rödel, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Odontobatrachus natator (Barej et al. 2010). 96101742,Apostolepis borellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,borellii,,,,,"Peracca, 1904","Apostolepis borellii has variously been considered either a valid species or a junior synonym of A. nigroterminata, with recent authors generally adopting the latter scheme (De Lema and Renner 2016). De Lema and Renner (2016) examined the holotypes of both taxa together with new material from Matto Grosso, and resurrected A. borellii as a validly distinct species." 96102534,Atractus spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,spinalis,,,,,"Passos, Texeira Jr, Recoder, de Sena, dal Vechio, de Arruda Pinto, Mendonça, Cassimiro & Rodrigues, 2013","

Atractus spinalis é uma espécie descrita recentemente para a Serra do Cipó por Passos et al. (2013), a espécie é morfologicamente similar a A. paraguayensis e A. potschi,  das quais se difere principalmente a partir de caracteres exclusivos de coloração (número e forma das bandas transversais), da morfologia hemipeniana (face mediana dos lobos sem ornamentação) além de diferenças merísticas (número de escamas ventrais e dentes maxilares) e morfométricas (comprimento rostro-cloacal dos adultos). Esta encontra-se alocada no grupo de espécies de A. paraguayensis (Passos et al. 2013).

" 96105722,Platyla hedionda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,hedionda,,,,,"Torres Alba, 2012","This species was described from empty shells only, thus the anatomy of the soft tissues and theoperculum are unknown (Torres Alba 2012)." 96107572,Micrurus potyguara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,potyguara,,,,,"Pires, da Silva Jr, Feitosa, Costa-Prudente, Preira-Filho & Zaher, 2014", 190597,Uromacerina ricardinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Uromacerina,ricardinii,,,,,"(Peracca, 1897)", 89251013,Phrynobatrachus mayokoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,mayokoensis,,,,,"Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boulou, Emmrich, Penner, & Barej, 2015", 74724410,Phrynobatrachus brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,brongersmai,,,,,"Parker, 1936",The taxonomic status of this species is unresolved and is likely to represent several species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016). 58372,Meristogenys macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Matsui, 1986)","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain, and further taxonomic work is required (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 96189058,Isomira marcida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Isomira,marcida,,,,,"(Kiesenwetter, 1863)", 1258,Gogo brevibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ANCHARIIDAE,Gogo,brevibarbis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 18262,Piliocolobus lulindicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,lulindicus,,,,,"Matschie, 1914","Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011; Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

The form lulindicus, recognised by Colyn and Verhayen (1987), Colyn (1987, 1991), Grubb et al. (2003), and Struhsaker and Grubb (2013) (the last as a subspecies of Procolobus rufomitratus) was considered by Groves (2001, 2007) to be a junior synonym of Piliocolobus foai. Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) placed all the Central African red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus pennanti [sic], including lulindicus. Kingdon (1997, 2015) treated the Central African red colobus, including lulindicus, as subspecies of oustaleti. The consensus at a workshop held in Rome in 2016 to update the African primate Red List assessments was that it would be expedient (precautionary) to continue to recognise this species, considering the threatened status of all the red colobus monkeys." 61761,Werneria iboundji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Werneria,iboundji,,,,,"Rödel, Schmitz, Pauwels & Böhme, 2004", 54894,Werneria mertensiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Werneria,mertensiana,,,,,"Amiet, 1976", 54895,Werneria preussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Werneria,preussi,,,,,"(Matschie, 1893)","Studies are needed to determine whether or not specimens from Cameroon and Togo belong to the same species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). It is currently unclear whether there are any Werneria species in Togo, but it has been suggested that if there is one, it could be either W. preussi or alternatively a different, distinct species, Werneria africanus, which would be an endemic species to Togo (see Segniagbeto et al. 2007)." 1259,Ancharius fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ANCHARIIDAE,Ancharius,fuscus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1880", 44664,Spratellomorpha bianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Spratellomorpha,bianalis,,,,,(Bertin 1940), 9266,Psammogobius biocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psammogobius,biocellatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)",This species appeared on the IUCN Red List prior to 2008 as Glossogobius biocellatus. 44481,Gobitrichinotus arnoulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KRAEMERIIDAE,Gobitrichinotus,arnoulti,,,,,"Kiener, 1963", 196421,Crenimugil crenilabis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Crenimugil,crenilabis,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 197054,Ellochelon vaigiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Ellochelon,vaigiensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)",The taxonomy of species in the Mugilidae family is complex and under revision (Durand and Borsa 2015). 170266,Acanthopagrus berda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Acanthopagrus,berda,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","This species was previously confused with Acanthopagrus vagus in South Africa (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004, Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2010)." 96235936,Bathygobius samberanoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,samberanoensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1867) ",Bathygobius samberanoensis is considered a synonym of B. fuscus by FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2015) but this synonymy is questionable (J. Sparks pers. comm. 2016). 54896,Werneria tandyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Werneria,tandyi,,,,,"(Amiet, 1972)", 96238139,Ptychochromis curvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,curvidens,,,,,"Stiassny & Sparks, 2006", 96250558,Ateuchosaurus pellopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ateuchosaurus,pellopleurus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 96250633,Ateuchosaurus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ateuchosaurus,chinensis,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 96251357,Ptyas herminae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,herminae,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 96251644,Ptyas semicarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,semicarinatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 96251704,Gekko japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,japonicus,,,,,"(Schlegel in Duméril & Bibron, 1836)", 96251742,Gekko shibatai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,shibatai,,,,,"Toda, Sengoku, Hikida & Ota, 2008", 96251775,Gekko vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,vertebralis,,,,,"Toda, Sengoku, Hikida & Ota, 2008", 96251941,Gekko yakuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,yakuensis,,,,,"Matsui & Okada, 1968", 96252506,Hebius concelarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,concelarus,,,,,"(Malnate, 1963)", 96252669,Hebius ishigakiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,ishigakiensis,,,,,"(Malnate & Munsterman, 1960)", 96252730,Hebius pryeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,pryeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 96252781,Hebius celebicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,celebicus,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 96264819,Diploderma polygonatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,polygonatum,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 96265023,Ovophis okinavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Ovophis,okinavensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)", 96265106,Plestiodon elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,elegans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 96265272,Plestiodon japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,japonicus,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 96265313,Plestiodon kuchinoshimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,kuchinoshimensis,,,,,"Kurita & Hikida, 2014", 96265344,Plestiodon latiscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,latiscutatus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1861", 96265367,Plestiodon marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,marginatus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1861", 96265403,Plestiodon oshimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,oshimensis,,,,,"(Thompson, 1912)", 96265428,Plestiodon stimpsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,stimpsonii,,,,,"(Thompson, 1912)", 96265465,Protobothrops elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,elegans,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 96265495,Protobothrops flavoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,flavoviridis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 96265537,Protobothrops tokarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,tokarensis,,,,,"(Nagai, 1928)", 96265628,Scincella boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,boettgeri,,,,,"(van Denburgh, 1912)", 54426,Leptodactylodon albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,albiventris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","Following Amiet and Dowsett-Lemaire (2000), Leptodactylodon bueanus is here considered a separate species from L. albiventris (as opposed to a subspecies of L. albiventris following Amiet (1987)). Rödel and Pauwels (2003) provisionally assigned records of L. albiventris from Equatorial Guinea (De la Riva 1994) to L. stevarti." 96265980,Takydromus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,dorsalis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 96266149,Takydromus smaragdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,smaragdinus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 96266178,Takydromus tachydromoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,tachydromoides,,,,,"(Schlegel in Siebold, Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)", 176337,Herpetoreas sieboldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Herpetoreas,sieboldii,,,,,"Günther, 1860","This species was previously synonymized with Amphiesma platyceps, a similar, sibling species (Khan 2006). It was removed from A. platyceps by Malnate (1966). A full revision of this group has not been conducted to clarify the relationships between these taxa, and no genetic data are available from A. (now Herpetoreas) sieboldii. This assessment follows the distribution provided by David et al. (2022), with the caveat that further research is required to verify this.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown it to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed back in the genus Herpetoreas (Guo et al. 2014)." 192157,Hebius andreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,andreae,,,,,"(Ziegler & Le Khac Quyet, 2006)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 193450,Hebius arquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,arquus,,,,,"(David & Vogel, 2010)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192242,Hebius atemporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,atemporalis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 172628,Hebius beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,beddomei,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Hebius [Amphiesma] beddomei was described by Beddome in 1863 as Spilotes vittatus based on specimens collected from Nilgiri Hills, Western Ghats (Smith 1943). Günther (1864) moved it to the genus Tropidonotus and provided the replacement name Tropidonotus beddomei because vittatus was preoccupied in Tropidonotus by Tropidonotus vittatus Boie, 1827.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 54434,Leptodactylodon ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,ornatus,,,,,"Amiet, 1971", 192039,Hebius bitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,bitaeniatus,,,,,"(Wall, 1925)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192130,Hebius boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,boulengeri,,,,,"(Gressitt, 1937)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014).

David et al. (2013) clarified longstanding taxonomic confusion surrounding a number of records of H. (then Aphiesma) khasiense, H. boulengeri, H. inas and H. kerinciense, and found that a number of populations from Thailand and Indochina they examined (including all Indochinese records of ""A. khasiense"") reported in literature as A. khasiense, A. inas and A. modestum instead represent H. boulengeri." 96293876,Hebius clerki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,clerki,,,,,"(Wall, 1925)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius (Guo et al. 2014). This species, which was resurrected from synonymy within Amphiesma parallelum by David et al. (2015), has been placed provisionally within Hebius." 191915,Hebius craspedogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,craspedogaster,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192053,Hebius deschauenseei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,deschauenseei,,,,,"(Taylor, 1934)","Although very similar to the Thai specimens of Hebius deschauenseei, the systematic allocation of Vietnamese specimens is currently under investigation. This identification should be considered provisional (Nguyen et al. 2009).

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014).

This is an amended assessment to account for the taxonomic change." 176333,Hebius flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,flavifrons,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 191964,Hebius frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,frenatus,,,,,"(Dunn, 1923)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 176334,Hebius groundwateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,groundwateri,,,,,"(Smith, 1922)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 176335,Hebius inas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,inas,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1901)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 96298136,Montenegrina attemsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,attemsi,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) there is one subspecies in addition to the nominate subspecies: Montenegrina attemsi jakupicensis Fauer, 1993" 96298150,Montenegrina grammica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,grammica,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1988","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina grammica improvisa Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina grammica erosszoltani Fehér & Szekeres, 2016" 96298166,Montenegrina haringae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,haringae,,,,,"Fehér & Szekeres, 2016", 96298177,Montenegrina lillae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,lillae,,,,,"Fehér & Szekeres, 2016", 58409,Occidozyga floresiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,floresiana,,,,,"Mertens, 1927", 57929,Oreophryne rookmaakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,rookmaakeri,,,,,"Mertens, 1927", 57936,Oreophryne zimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,zimmeri,,,,,"Ahl, 1933","Iskandar (pers. comm.) has examined the type specimen, and considers that this species does not belong to the genus Oreophryne." 96301822,Montenegrina prokletiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,prokletiana,,,,,"Fehér & Szekeres, 2016","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies is: Montenegrina prokletiana subsp. kovacsorum Fehér and Szekeres, 2016" 96303393,Montenegrina okolensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,okolensis,,,,,"Szekeres, 2006","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina okolensis caesia Fehér and Szekeres, 2006

Nordsieck (2009) considered M. okolensis a synonym of M. caesia Fehér and Szekeres, 2006. New M. okolensis samples confirm the stability of the morphological differences between the two taxa.
Originally M. o. okolensis and M. o. caesia were described as subspecies M. apfelbecki, with which they share similar plicae. However, their reduced clausiliar apparatus and isolated occurrence support their classification within a separate species, which seems more closely related to other north Albanian representatives of the genus (e.g. M. prokletiana sp. n.)." 96303461,Montenegrina sturanyana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,sturanyana,,,,,"Fehér & Szekeres, 2016","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina sturanyana gropana Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina sturanyana ostrovicensis Fehér & Szekeres, 2016" 192233,Hebius kerinciensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,kerinciensis,,,,,"(David & Das, 2003)","The species is described based on a single specimen.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 58832,Philautus cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,cornutus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 96305097,Montenegrina soosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,soosi,,,,,"Erőss & Szekeres, 2006", 44508,Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Green Garaka',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,sp. nov. 'Green Garaka',,,,,"Stiassny & Sparks, 2006","Voucher specimens held at MNHN. This species is known from the rivers of the Massif Ambre in northern Madagascar. Submitted as Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Tsipoy verte' and subsequently changed to Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Green Garaka' on recommendation of Paul Loiselle.

This species mistakenly appeared on the IUCN Red List as Ptychochromis loisellei. However, Ptychochromis loisellei includes both Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Green Garaka' and Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Garaka'. An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this name change." 96306142,Montenegrina sporadica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,sporadica,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1974","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies is:

Montenegrina sporadica tropojensis Fehér & Szekeres, 2016" 54436,Leptodactylodon perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,perreti,,,,,"Amiet, 1971", 96306608,Montenegrina timeae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,timeae,,,,,"Erőss & Szekeres, 2006", 96307489,Montenegrina tomorosi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,tomorosi,,,,,"R.A. Brandt, 1961","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina tomorosi ampla Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina tomorosi hunyadii Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina tomorosi coerulescens Nordsieck, 1996" 191919,Hebius leucomystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,leucomystax,,,,,"(David, Bain, Quang Truong, Orlov, Vogel, Ngoc Thanh & Ziegler, 2007)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 191958,Hebius metusia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,metusia,,,,,"(Inger, Zhao, Schaffer & Wu, 1990)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 191995,Hebius miyajimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,miyajimae,,,,,"(Maki, 1931)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 54437,Leptodactylodon polyacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,polyacanthus,,,,,"Amiet, 1971", 192142,Hebius modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014).

This species was formerly placed in the genus Natrix. Smith's (1943) concept of this species ranged from northeastern India to Viet Nam, but this account follows David et al. (2007, 2021) in restricting the species to populations from northeastern India to Myanmar and China. Records of this species from outside this region are attributable to Hebius deschauenseei (Thailand), H. boulengeri (Viet Nam, and Guangdong and Guizhou in China), or H. igneus from Viet Nam (David et al. 2021, who discussed the confused taxonomic history of H. modestus). Some records of this snake from Myanmar represent an additional, cryptic species. The identity of records from Guizhou in China requires clarification, as they exhibit differences from populations of H. modestus elsewhere, and David et al. (2021) recommend that the status of these specimens be evaluated." 172633,Hebius monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,monticola,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1853)","Hebius monticola was first described by Jerdon in 1853 as Tropidonotus monticolus based on specimens collected from Wayanad Hills, Western Ghats (Smith 1943). The type of this species is lost.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192104,Hebius octolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,octolineatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 96311263,Alopia alpina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,alpina,,,,,"R. von Kimakowicz, 1933","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Alopia glorifica, but raised to species level following revision of the genus by Fehér et al. (2013)." 192123,Hebius petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,petersii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 176336,Hebius popei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,popei,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1925)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 96312074,Alopia grossuana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,grossuana,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 1977","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Alopia subcosticollis, but raised to species level following revision of the genus by Fehér et al. (2013). According to the same study, A. grossuana nemethi Deli and Szekeres, 2011 is a subspecies of A. grossuana." 54438,Leptodactylodon stevarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,stevarti,,,,,"Rödel & Pauwels, 2003",We follow Rödel and Pauwels (2003) in provisionally assigning records of Leptodactylodon albiventris from Equatorial Guinea (De la Riva 1994) to this newly described species. 191925,Hebius sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,sanguineus,,,,,"(Smedley, 1931)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 192023,Hebius sarawacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,sarawacensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 96312830,Alopia hirschfelderi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,hirschfelderi,,,,,"H. Nordsieck, 2013", 192114,Hebius sauteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,sauteri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 96314590,Alopia mafteiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,mafteiana,,,,,"Grossu, 1967","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Alopia glorifica, but was raised to species level following revision of the genus by Fehér et al. (2013). According to the same study, Alopia mafteiana has two subspecies: A. mafteiana mafteiana Grossu, 1867 and A. mafteiana valeriae Szekeres, 2007." 192176,Hebius taronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,taronensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1940)","Hebius taronensis was elevated to specific status by Das (2010) (as Amphiesma taronense, an apparently incorrect emendation), having previously been treated as a subspecies or synonym of Amphiesma venningi. Das (2010) provides no explicit justification for this action, although the accompanying description highlights morphological differences between the two taxa (particularly in the number of subcaudals). The validity of H. taronensis was subsequently confirmed in a review of H. venningi and related species by David et al. (2021), who also removed Hebius nigriventer - with which H. taronensis has often been confused - from synonymy with H. venningi.

A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species is not mentioned in Guo et al. (2014) although they do indicate that venningi is not monophyletic, hence as vennigi is treated under Hebius and following the Reptile Database (Uetz and Hošek 2016) we place this species under Hebius." 96314677,Alopia mariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,mariae,,,,,"R. von Kimakowicz, 1931","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Alopia subcosticollis, but was raised to species level following revision of the genus by Fehér et al. (2013). According to the same study, this species has four subspecies: A. mariae coronata R. Kimakowicz, 1943, A. mariae hildegardae R. Kimakowicz, 1931, A. mariae mariae R. Kimakowicz, 1931, A. mariae soosi Brandt, 1961." 96315016,Alopia regalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,regalis,,,,,"(M. Bielz, 1851)","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Alopia plumbea, but was raised to species level following revision of the genus by Fehér et al. (2013).

According to the same study the following subspecies belong to Alopia regalis: A. regalis deubeli (Clessin, 1890), A. regalis doftanae Nordsieck, 1977, A. regalis glabriuscula (Rossmässler, 1859), A. regalis microstoma (M. Kimakowicz, 1883), A. regalis mutabilis (M. Kimakowicz, 1894), A. regalis nordsiecki Grossu & Tesio, 1973, A. regalis petrensis Nordsieck, 1995, A. regalis proclivis (M. Kimakowicz, 1894),A. regalis regalis (M. Bielz, 1851), A. regalis wagneri (M. Kimakowicz, 1894)." 192185,Hebius viperinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,viperinus,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1901)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been provisionally placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014)." 76107925,Montenegrina skipetarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,skipetarica,,,,,"(Soós, 1924)","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina skipetarica pifkoi Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina skipetarica remota Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina skipetarica pindica Nordsieck, 1988
Montenegrina skipetarica puskasi Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina skipetarica gurelurensis Fehér & Szekeres, 2016
Montenegrina skipetarica rugosa Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina skipetarica voidomatis Nordsieck, 1974
Montenegrina skipetarica konitsae Nordsieck, 1972
Montenegrina skipetarica thysi Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1988
Montenegrina skipetarica voidomatis Nordsieck, 1974
Montenegrina skipetarica csikii Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina skipetarica csikii Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina skipetarica flava Erőss & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina skipetarica nobilis Erőss & Szekeres, 2006" 54439,Leptodactylodon ventrimarmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,ventrimarmoratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 54440,Leptodactylodon wildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,wildi,,,,,"Amiet & Dowsett-Lemaire, 2000", 58587,Pulchrana debussyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,debussyi,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1910)","The holotype of this species has been lost. From the description, it appears that it might be a synonym of Sylvirana nigrovittata (D. Iskandar pers. comm.)." 22141,Tridacna mbalavuana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,CARDIIDA,CARDIIDAE,Tridacna,mbalavuana,,,,,"Ladd, 1934","The older species name Tridacna mbalavuana Ladd, 1934 takes priority over the newer name Tridacna tevoroa Lucas, Ledua & Braley, 1990 (M. Seddon pers. comm. 2016; Newman and Gomez 2000).


Tridacna mbalavuana was first described from fossils on Viti Levu, Fiji (Ladd 1934), and was already commonly known to the locals as ‘tevoro’, the devil clam. After closer examination of their morphological characters the two species are now considered synonymous, with T.  tevoroa the junior synonym of  T. mbalavuana (Newman & Gomez 2000).

" 58978,Rhacophorus barisani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,barisani,,,,,"Harvey, Pemberton and Smith, 2002", 96419923,Anogcodes fulvicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Anogcodes,fulvicollis,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1763)", 96421405,Montenegrina nana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Montenegrina,nana,,,,,"Fehér & Szekeres, 2006","According to Fehér and Szekeres (2016) its subspecies are:

Montenegrina nana gracilis Fehér & Szekeres, 2006
Montenegrina nana barinai Fehér & Szekeres, 2016

M. nana, which was formerly classified as a subspecies of M. perstriata, differs from this species by its smaller size, oblique peristome, and deeper inflexed neck. One of the subspecies, M. n. barinai, occurs syntopically and does not hybridize with M. perstriata ochridensis, indicating that they are distinct species." 6005,Cyclanorbis senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Cyclanorbis,senegalensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1835)", 153966,Procambarus riojae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,riojae,,,,,"(Villalobos, 1944)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under the incorrect name of Procambarus riojai. It has now been corrected to Procambarus riojae. An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change. 154001,Fallicambarus tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,tenuis,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1950)",This species was moved from the genus Procambarus to Fallicambarus following Ainscough et al. (2013). 153656,Geocharax tasmanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Geocharax,tasmanicus,,,,,"(Erichson, 1846)","This species appeared on the IUCN Red List until 2016 as Geocharax gracilis Clark, 1936. The name has been updated to Geocharax tasmanicus (Erichson, 1846) as this takes priority. An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change." 176261,Liotyphlops schubarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,schubarti,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1948", 176343,Apostolepis goiasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,goiasensis,,,,,"Prado, 1942", 176776,Clelia hussami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Clelia,hussami,,,,,"Morato, Franco & Sanches, 2003","This species has previously been included in Clelia rustica (Cope, 1878) on some occasions." 176812,Helicops trivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,trivittatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 177582,Tantilla boipiranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,boipiranga,,,,,"Sawaya & Sazima, 2003","A.L. Silveira (pers. comm. 2010) considers this species a junior synonym of Tantilla pallida based on work in preparation to revise this widespread species complex. This work has still not been published as of 2019, and consequently this taxon is considered valid pending a formal taxonomic revision (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2019)." 178266,Bothrops itapetiningae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,itapetiningae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 178692,Amerotyphlops amoipira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,amoipira,,,,,"(Rodrigues & Juncá, 2002)", 190545,Caaeteboia amarali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Caaeteboia,amarali,,,,,"(Wettstein, 1930)", 56324,Atelognathus praebasalticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Atelognathus,praebasalticus,,,,,"(Cei & Roig, 1968)","The Atelognathus praebasalticus complex needs to be re-examined taxonomically. There are four known subspecies, some of which may constitute new species. Some of these subspecies may be extinct." 175544,Xenopus itombwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,itombwensis,,,,,"Evans, Carter, Tobias, Kelley, Hanner & Tinsley, 2008","This species is considered to be the sister taxon of Xenopus wittei (Evans et al. 2008).
" 96536844,Chrysanthia cyprica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Chrysanthia,cyprica,,,,,"Pic, 1920", 2188,Astacoides betsileoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacoides,betsileoensis,,,,,"Petit, 1923", 2187,Astacoides caldwelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacoides,caldwelli,,,,,"(Bate, 1865)", 2186,Astacoides granulimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacoides,granulimanus,,,,,"Monod & Petit, 1929", 2185,Astacoides petiti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacoides,petiti,,,,,"Hobbs, 1987", 153654,Astacoides hobbsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacoides,hobbsi,,,,,"Boyko, Ravoahangimalala, Randriamasimanana & Razafindrazaka, 2005", 2184,Astacoides crosnieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacoides,crosnieri,,,,,"Hobbs, 1987", 2183,Astacoides madagascarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Astacoides,madagascarensis,,,,,"(Milne Edwards & Audouin, 1839)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under the incorrect name of Astacoides madagascariensis. It has now been corrected to Astacoides madagascarensis. An updated Red List assessment has been created to reflect this change. 195080,Brevoortia aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Brevoortia,aurea,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)","There is some evidence that Brevoortia aurea and B. pectinata may be synonyms (Cosseau and Diaz de Astarloa 1993, Garcia et al. 2008). However, for the purposes of this assessment, B. aurea and B. pectinata will be treated as two separate species." 58084,Petropedetes perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,perreti,,,,,"Amiet, 1973", 58082,Petropedetes palmipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PETROPEDETIDAE,Petropedetes,palmipes,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 96790651,Thomasomys auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,auricularis,,,,,"Anthony, 1923","New species, split from T. pyrrhonotus (Pacheco 2015)." 96791089,Thomasomys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,australis,,,,,"Anthony, 1925","New species, split from T. daphne (Pacheco 2015)." 96792191,Thomasomys contradictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,contradictus,,,,,"Anthony, 1925","Musser and Carleton (1993, 2005) treated T. contradictus and T. dispar as subspecies or simple synonyms of T. cinereiventer. However, Pacheco (2003) held these taxa as full species (Pacheco 2015). This species is now recognized as a new species, split from T. cinereiventer (Pacheco 2015)." 96792239,Thomasomys dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,dispar,,,,,"Anthony, 1925","Musser and Carleton (1993, 2005) treated T. contradictus and T. dispar as subspecies or simple synonyms of T. cinereiventer. However, Pacheco (2003) held these taxa as full species (Pacheco 2015). This species is now recognized as a new species, split from T. cinereiventer. More research is needed to determine whether this species is truly monotypic (Pacheco 2015)." 96799858,Thomasomys emeritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,emeritus,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",Based on karyotype analysis of Aguilera et al. (2000) and substantial morphological differences support the hypothesis that T. emeritus is a valid species distinct from T. laniger (Pacheco 2015). 96800350,Thomasomys fumeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,fumeus,,,,,"Anthony, 1924","Voss (2003) recognized that T. rhoadsi fumeus was substantially smaller than typical rhoadsi. Based on this argument and other morphological traits Pacheco (2003) recognized fumeus as a valid species; which was followed by Tirira (2007) and Lee et al. (2008). However, no revision or deeper studies have been done (Pacheco  2015). Lee et al. (2015) did include this taxa in a new phylogenetic tree to confirm the identification of T. fumeus from Volcán Sumaco." 96801038,Thomasomys nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,nicefori,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","Voss (2003) suggested that T. nicefori might be included in T. popayanus; however, Pacheco (2003) considered both as valid species. Pacheco suggested that the population on the western Cordillera, from Urrao, Páramo Frontino, Antioquia, might correspond to a different species (Pacheco 2015)." 96801288,Thomasomys princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,princeps,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)","T. princeps was once a subspecies of Thomasomys aureus. However this species is now monotypic (Patton 2015.)." 96828906,Cryptotis celaque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,celaque,,,,,"Woodman, 2015","New species in Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2015)." 96829093,Cryptotis mccarthyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,mccarthyi,,,,,"Woodman, 2015","This is a new species in Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2015)." 96829126,Cryptotis cavatorculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,cavatorculus,,,,,"Woodman, 2015","New species in Cryptotis goldmani group (Woodman 2015)." 18124757,Herklotsichthys punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,punctatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)","There is record of significant taxonomic confusion between Herklotsichthys punctatus and Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus. Given the discrepancies, this assessment uses a more conservative distribution estimate and describes this species as being a Red Sea endemic and lessepsian migrant to Mediterranean waters." 161,Achalinus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,werneri,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1912", 3463,Calamaria pfefferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,pfefferi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1901", 8217,Plestiodon kishinouyei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,kishinouyei,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1901)", 15391,Opisthotropis kikuzatoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Opisthotropis,kikuzatoi,,,,,"(Okada & Takara, 1958)", 16220,Pareas iwasakii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PAREIDAE,Pareas,iwasakii,,,,,"(Maki, 1937)", 98152257,Goniurosaurus kuroiwae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,kuroiwae,,,,,"(Namiye, 1912)","Honda et al. (2014) revised Japanese members of Goniurosaurus, previously considered either the full species G. kuroiwae, G. toyami, G. yamashinae, G. orientalis and G. splendens, or a single taxon G. kuroiwae with five subspecies. These authors' results supported the recognition of two full species, G. splendens and G. kuroiwae, and they proposed treating G. orientalis, G. toyami and G. yamashinae as subspecies of G. kuroiwae.

Further molecular research into this species complex is ongoing, and has confirmed that there are at least five species-level clades in the Ryukyus, corresponding to subspecies of G. kuroiwae recognized by Honda et al. (2014) plus G. splendens (H. Ota pers. comm. 2016). As a revision of this group is due to be submitted for publication shortly, this account adopts a traditional five-species treatment of this complex, while recognizing that both G. kuroiwae and G. orientalis as presently recognized may be further subdivided in the near future." 177491,Sinomicrurus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Sinomicrurus,japonicus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","This species has three subspecies:
S. japonicus boettgeri (Fritze, 1894)
S. japonicus japonicus (Günther, 1868)
S. japonicus takarai (Ota, Ito & Lin, 1999)." 177817,Gekko hokouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,hokouensis,,,,,"Pope, 1928","Gekko hokouensis as currently defined is likely to refer to an assemblage of morphologically similar but evolutionarily divergent species (Shibaike et al. 2010) that may include one or more species of conservation concern (H. Ota pers. comm. 2007)." 178488,Takydromus toyamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,toyamai,,,,,"Takeda & Ota, 1996","

This taxon was previously considered as belonging to the otherwise central Ryukyu species Takydromus smaragdinus (Boulenger 1887), but is now recognized to be a distinct, phylogenetically rather distant species (see Lin et al. 2002, Ota et al. 2002).

" 178539,Scincella vandenburghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,vandenburghi,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1927)","Ouboter (1986) considered this species to be a synonym of Scincella modesta (Günther, 1864) based on some morphological similarity appearing in literature descriptions." 178673,Gekko tawaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,tawaensis,,,,,"Okada, 1956", 192148,Achalinus formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,formosanus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 192200,Achalinus spinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,spinalis,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 196586,Perochirus ateles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Perochirus,ateles,,,,,"(Duméril, 1856)", 199742,Plestiodon barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,barbouri,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1912)", 167999,Enneacampus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Enneacampus,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)", 62256,Trionyx triunguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Trionyx,triunguis,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)","

Trionyx triunguis has been considered a single widespread, relatively uniform species for decades, with no subspecies or other taxonomic units recognized or proposed in recent years. Phylogeographic studies of regional variation have demonstrated different, partly conflicting results, but were based on generally limited sets of specimens and genetic markers (Gidis et al. 2011; Guclu et al. 2011, 2015; Shanas et al. 2012). However, there is still uncertainty as to whether Mediterranean and African subpopulations may in fact represent genetically definable separate Management Units (O. Türkozan unpubl. data).

" 96986314,Bradycellus chavesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Bradycellus,chavesi,,,,,"Alluaud, 1919", 18316,Haplochromis gowersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,gowersii,,,,,"Trewavas, 1928",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under the incorrect name of Haplochromis gowersi. 185841,Haplochromis labriformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,labriformis,,,,,"(Nichols & La Monte, 1938)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under the incorrect spelling of Haplochromis labriformus. 89256663,Xenopus calcaratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,calcaratus,,,,,"Peters, 1875",Xenopus calcaratus has been revalidated and removed from synonymy of X. tropicalis (Evans et al. 2015). 89256998,Xenopus eysoole,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,eysoole,,,,,"Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias, & Blackburn, 2015", 168000,Enneacampus kaupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Enneacampus,kaupi,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 10260,Haplochromis retrodens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,retrodens,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1888)",This species appeared on the IUCN Red List as Hoplotilapia retrodens until 2016. It is now valid as Haplochromis retrodens (Eschmeyer et al. 2016). 89257043,Xenopus kobeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,kobeli,,,,,"Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias, & Blackburn, 2015", 89257028,Xenopus fischbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,fischbergi,,,,,"Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias, & Blackburn, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of H. muelleri (Evans et al. 2015). 89257078,Xenopus mellotropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,mellotropicalis,,,,,"Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias, & Blackburn, 2015", 58991,Rhacophorus edentulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,edentulus,,,,,"Mueller, 1894","According to the original description, this species closely resembles and is sympatric with Rhacophorus monticola." 872,Haplochromis welcommei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,welcommei,,,,,"Greenwood, 1966","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen et al. (1991). It is valid in the genus Allochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Poll and Gosse (1995). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Allochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60571,Haplochromis rubripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,rubripinnis,,,,,"(Seehausen, Lippitsch & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in Fishbase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Lithochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Lithochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed.

This is a medium sized species with straight or convex dorsal head profile, rather large egg dummies and generalized overall appearance. It has pronounced sexual dimorphism in size and colouration (Seehausen et al. 1998)." 60569,Haplochromis rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,rufus,,,,,"(Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in Fishbase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Lithochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Lithochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60570,Haplochromis xanthopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,xanthopteryx,,,,,"(Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in Fishbase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Lithochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Lithochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 12616,Haplochromis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,bicolor,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Macropleurodus in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Van Oijen et al. (1991), Poll and Gosse (1995) and Greenwood (1995). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Macropleurodus but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60574,Haplochromis luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,luteus,,,,,"(Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Mbipia in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Mbipia but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed.

According to Seehausen et al. 1998, this is a large haplochromines with a relatively steep, straight dorsal head profile, many tooth rows, and bright male nupital coloration. Males are distinguished from males of H. mbipi by smaller eyes, a usually shallower body, a usually longer snout, by bright yellow male colouration with distinct vertical bars (vs.cCoppery black or dark greenish yellow without distinct bars), by less ctenoid scales on the rostral part of the body, by small cycloid scales in the anal/ genital region (vs. a mixture of small cycloid and larger ctenoid scales), and a scaleless dorsal fin (vs. cycloid scales on the spiny part)." 60573,Haplochromis mbipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,mbipi,,,,,"(Lippitsch & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in Fishbase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Mbipia in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Mbipia but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed.

This is a medium sized haplochromine with relatively steep but straight dorsal head profile, black male colouration with distal parts of anal and caudal fin red, and often a coppery sheen in the head (Seehausen et al. 1998)." 185827,Haplochromis fusiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,fusiformis,,,,,"Greenwood & Gee, 1969","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis according to Van Oijen et al. (1991) and this is followed by FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016). Eschmeyer et al. (2016) state that Yssichromis is valid ""based on placement of type species"". Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Yssichromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60580,Haplochromis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,gigas,,,,,"(Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen 1996. It is valid in the genus Neochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. 1998. Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Neochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed.

According to Seehausen et al. 1998, this is a large, moderately deep bodied haplochromine with a steep and convex dorsal head profile, an often slightly retrognath lower jaw, closely bicuspid outer teeth, many rows of inner teeth, blue male flank colouration with black vertical bars, or entirely black flank colouration, a red or wine-red anal fin, and a similarly but fainter coloured caudal fin." 60579,Haplochromis greenwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,greenwoodi,,,,,"(Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen 1996. It is valid in the genus Neochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. 1998. Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Neochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed.

According to Seehausen et al. 1998, this is a large, relatively deep bodied haplochromine with, in males, velvety black colouration of body and fins, and a sharply demarcated, bright red margin to the caudal fin." 60576,Haplochromis omnicaeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,omnicaeruleus,,,,,"(Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen 1996. It is valid in the genus Neochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. 1998. Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Neochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60577,Haplochromis rufocaudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,rufocaudalis,,,,,"(Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen 1996. It is valid in the genus Neochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. 1998. Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Neochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60581,Haplochromis simotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,simotes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen 1996. It is valid in the genus Neochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. 1998. Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Neochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 16119,Haplochromis victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,victoriae,,,,,"(Greenwood, 1956)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen 1996. It is valid in the genus Paralabidochromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Van Oijen 1991. Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Paralabidochromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 17586,Haplochromis degeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,degeni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Platytaeniodus in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Van Oijen (1991) and Poll and Gosse (1995). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Platytaeniodus but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 185854,Haplochromis azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,azureus,,,,,"(Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Pundamilia in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pundamilia but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60670,Haplochromis igneopinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,igneopinnis,,,,,"(Seehausen & Lippitsch, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Pundamilia in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pundamilia but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60671,Haplochromis macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Pundamilia in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pundamilia but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60668,Haplochromis nyererei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nyererei,,,,,"Witte-Maas & Witte, 1985","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Pundamilia in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pundamilia but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 60669,Haplochromis pundamilia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,pundamilia,,,,,"(Seehausen & Bouton, 1998)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Pundamilia in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Seehausen et al. (1998). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pundamilia but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed.

According to Seehausen et al. 1998, this is a medium sized to large haplochromine with a straight or slightly concave dorsal head profile, in males acutely pointed unicuspid outer teeth with recurved crowns, and a diagnostic pattern of black bars on light whitish or bluish grey ground.

Males of H. pundamilia are distinguished from males of H. nyererei by usually smaller eyes, by usually fewer and broader vertical bars, by male nupital colouration (whitish or bluish grey vs. orange-red), and from sympatric populations of H. nyererei by a longer jaw. From H igneopinnis usually by a deeper body, smaller eyes, by the lack of filamentous extensions to the fins, fewer and broader vertical bars on the flanks, and by male nupital colouration (whitish or bluish grey vs. black with bright yellow or orange fins). From H. azureus by smaller preorbital depth at similar SL, by weakly bicusid teeth in the outer row at similar SL (vs. unicuspid), by a straight dentigerous arm of the premaxillary (vs. upwards bent), by more conspicuous vertical bars on the flanks, and by male nupital colouration (whitish or bluish grey with distinct black bars vs. metallic blue with faint bars). From H. macrocephalus by more regular, more narrow, and more conspicuous vertical bars on the flanks, and by male nupital colourations (light whitish or bluish grey with distinct black bars vs. black)." 19034,Haplochromis parorthostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,parorthostoma,,,,,"Greenwood, 1967","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016) based on Van Oijen (1996). It is valid in the genus Pyxichromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016) based on Lippitsch and Kaufman (2003). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pyxichromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 19033,Haplochromis orthostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,orthostoma,,,,,"Regan, 1922","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016). It is valid in the genus Pyxichromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pyxichromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 169442,Haplochromis paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,paradoxus,,,,,"(Lippitsch & Kaufman, 2003)","This species is valid in the genus Haplochromis in FishBase (Froese and Pauly 2016). It is valid in the genus Pyxichromis in Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2016). Previously, this species appeared on the Red List in the genus Pyxichromis but the taxonomy of FishBase is now followed." 97142119,Alopia monacha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,monacha,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1894)", 97142166,Alopia vicina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,vicina,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1894)","This taxon has recently being downgraded to a subspecies of Alopia subcosticollis (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2016). It is still regarded as a species by Bank (2017).
" 54630,Sclerophrys djohongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,djohongensis,,,,,"(Hulselmans, 1977)","Amietophrynus has been synonymised with Sclerophrys, and as a result all species that were previously in the former genus are now known under Sclerophrys (Ohler and Dubois 2016).

The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. It was described as a subspecies of Amietophrynus funereus (Hulselmans 1977), and was considered a distinct species by Joger (1982) and Böhme and Schneider (1987). J.-L. Amiet (pers. comm.) considers that it is a junior synonym of Amietophrynus villiersi, an opinion not shared by U. Joger (pers. comm.). Channing and Rödel (2019), regarded this nominal taxon, likely a synonym of Sclerophrys villiersi, as too insufficiently known to treat adequately in their field guide." 41591,Bdeogale crassicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,HERPESTIDAE,Bdeogale,crassicauda,,,,,"Peters, 1852","Following Taylor (2013) this assessment does not include the subspecies Bdeogale crassicauda omnivora (Sale and Taylor 1970, Wozencraft 1993, Wozencraft 2005), which is now considered a separate species, namely Sokoke Bushy-tailed Moongose (B. omnivora)." 41700,Genetta servalina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Genetta,servalina,,,,,"Pucheran, 1855","This species does not include the Crested Genet (Genetta cristata), which has been considered by some authors to be conspecific (e.g., Coetzee 1977, Wozencraft 1993) but is now considered to represent a distinct species. Five subspecies are recognised, including Lowe's Servaline Genet (G. s. lowei) which is geographically isolated in several Eastern Arc Mountain blocks (Tanzania)." 16218,Pardofelis marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Pardofelis,marmorata,,,,,"(Martin, 1837)","The Marbled Cat (Pardofelis marmorata) was placed with the Asiatic Golden Cat and Borneo Bay Cat in Pardofelis by Johnson et al. (2006) representing one of the earliest felid radiations (O'Brien and Johnson 2007). Although these genetic analyses conclude the Marbled Cat is not a close relative of Neofelis, previously it had been considered so, on the basis of morphological similarities including its coat pattern, broad feet, and elongated tail and canines (Groves 1982, Corbet and Hill 1992). More recent genetic analyses (Luo et al. 2014) suggest species-level distinction between the Indochinese and Sundaic populations of the Marbled Cat although further research is needed to corroborate this." 4038,Catopuma temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Catopuma,temminckii,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. The Asiatic Golden Cat resembles the African Golden Cat, but on the basis of genetic analysis it was grouped with the Marbled Cat in Pardofelis (Johnson et al. 2006, O'Brien and Johnson 2007). However, an evaluation of skull morphology by Sicuro and Oliveira (2011) revealed that skull structure in Pardofelis is quite different to that of Catopuma. Moreover, Pardofelis has a flexible ankle joint and elongated tail as adaptations to arboreality, which are lacking in Catopuma. Based on these differences, the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group retains Asiatic Golden Cat in Catopuma." 22104,Trichechus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SIRENIA,TRICHECHIDAE,Trichechus,senegalensis,,,,,"Link, 1795","There are no recognized Trichechus senegalensis subspecies and limited genetic information indicates high genetic diversity (Vianna et al. 2006, Keith Diagne 2014). Anecdotal assertions of morphological differences between isolated inland populations and coastal populations persist, but there is no genetic or morphological evidence (Domning and Hayek 1986, Vianna et al. 2006, Keith Diagne 2014)." 40592,Echinops telfairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Echinops,telfairi,,,,,"Martin, 1838", 9048,Geogale aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Geogale,aurita,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier, 1872", 62011,Hemicentetes nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Hemicentetes,nigriceps,,,,,"Günther, 1875","This species was previously considered to be a subspecies of Hemicentetes semispinosus (see Hutterer 1993). However, its taxonomic status is now certain, including records in sympatry with Hemicentetes semispinosus (Goodman et al. 2000)." 40593,Hemicentetes semispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Hemicentetes,semispinosus,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1798)", 11979,Limnogale mergulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Limnogale,mergulus,,,,,"Major, 1896", 54007828,Microgale brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,brevicaudata,,,,,"G. Grandidier, 1899", 54008309,Microgale grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,grandidieri,,,,,"Olson, Rakotomalala, Hildebrandt, Lanier, Raxworthy & Goodman, 2009", 40586,Microgale cowani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,cowani,,,,,"Thomas, 1882",There may be a need for some review of taxonomy as it may contain cryptic species (P. Jenkins pers. comm.). 40587,Microgale dobsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,dobsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1884", 62012,Microgale drouhardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,drouhardi,,,,,"G. Grandidier, 1934", 13356,Microgale dryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,dryas,,,,,"Jenkins, 1992", 62013,Microgale fotsifotsy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,fotsifotsy,,,,,"Jenkins, Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1997",Preliminary evidence suggests that this taxon is currently comprised of two separate species (L. Olson pers. comm.). 13343,Microgale gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,gracilis,,,,,"(Major, 1896)", 62014,Microgale gymnorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,gymnorhyncha,,,,,"Jenkins, Goodman & Raxworthy, 1996", 62015,Microgale jenkinsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,jenkinsae,,,,,"Goodman & Soarimalala, 2004", 203179,Sphaerodactylus rosaurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,rosaurae,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 13344,Microgale longicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,longicaudata,,,,,"Thomas, 1882","The form prolixacaudata may represent a distinct species (Olson et al. 2004, Soarimalala and Goodman 2011)." 62016,Microgale majori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,majori,,,,,"Thomas, 1918","This species was recently resurrected from synonymy with Microgale longicaudata. Furthermore, molecular data suggest there may be two species currently included within M. majori (Olson et al. 2004)." 29462,Microgale monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,monticola,,,,,"Goodman & Jenkins, 1998", 62017,Microgale nasoloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,nasoloi,,,,,"Jenkins & Goodman, 1999", 13349,Microgale parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,parvula,,,,,"G. Grandidier, 1934", 13350,Microgale principula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,principula,,,,,"Thomas, 1926", 41314,Microgale pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,pusilla,,,,,"Major, 1896", 62018,Microgale soricoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,soricoides,,,,,"Jenkins, 1993", 62019,Microgale taiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,taiva,,,,,"Major, 1896",There may be a need for some review of taxonomy as this species may contain cryptic species (P. Jenkins pers. comm.). This species was formerly included in Microgale cowani (L. Olson pers. comm.). 41315,Microgale talazaci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,talazaci,,,,,"Major, 1896", 13355,Microgale thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Microgale,thomasi,,,,,"Major, 1896", 40589,Oryzorictes hova,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Oryzorictes,hova,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1870", 40591,Oryzorictes tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Oryzorictes,tetradactylus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier, 1882",This species appeared in the 2004-2006 IUCN Red Lists under the misspelt name O. teradactylus. 18095,Potamogale velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Potamogale,velox,,,,,"(Du Chaillu, 1860)", 40594,Setifer setosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Setifer,setosus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1778)", 40595,Tenrec ecaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Tenrec,ecaudatus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1778)", 15309,Leopardus colocolo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,colocolo,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","The taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. Garcia Perea (1994) proposed that this species be subdivided into three separate species (Lynchailurus colocolo, L. pajeros, and L. braccatus) based on morphological traits. This was provisionally followed by Wozencraft (2005). However, genetic analysis supports the existence of populations subdivision in this species, but not at the species level (Johnson et al. 1999). The genetic partitioning (Uruguay and southern Brazil; Bolivia and northern Chile; and western Argentina and central Chile: Johnson et al. 1999) is somewhat different from the divisions recognized by Garcia-Perea (1994) on the basis of morphology (central Chile; the Andes from Ecuador and south to through Argentina; and Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil). Moreover, Cossios and Angers (2007) found six highly divergent clades in genetic analysis of Andean populations (Peru, Bolivia and Argentina). Subspeciation and geographic divisions in this species requires further study. Placed in the genus Leopardus by Johnson et al. (2006).

A zone of hybridization between L. colocolo and L. tigrinus has been found through genetic analyses of specimens from central Brazil (Johnson et al. 1999, Eizirik et al. 2007)." 41763,Equus ferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE,Equus,ferus,,,,,"Boddaert, 1785","Current scientific review of the taxonomy of wild equids (Groves 1986) places Przewalski's Horse as a subspecies of the extinct Equus ferus. Although Przewalski's Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) can hybridize with domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus) to produce fertile offspring (Ryder et al. 1978, Trommerhausen-Smith et al. 1979), the existence of 2n = 66 chromosomes in Przewalski's Horse identifies it as being more different from its domestic relatives (2n = 64) than are any two breeds of domestic horse (Ryder 1994). Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA research has shown that the Przewalski's Horse is not the ancestor of modern domestic horses (Vilà et al. 2001). Przewalski's Horse also show a number of consistent differences in their appearance as compared to domestic horse breeds: the mane is short and erect when in good body condition; forelocks are nearly nonexistent; the upper part of the tail has short guard hairs; a dark dorsal stripe runs from the mane down the spine to the tail; several dark stripes can be present on the carpus and generally the tarsus (Groves 1994). Przewalski's Horses grow a thick mane in winter, which contrary to domestic horses they shed each spring with the rest of their winter coat.

Other studies of the genetic differences between Przewalski's and domestic horses have indicated very little genetic distinction between them. Only four alleles at four separate serological marker loci have been identified as specific to Przewalski's Horse (Bowling and Ryder 1987); the vast majority of blood protein variants are present in both Przewalski's and domestic horses and even the fastest evolving DNA region known in mammals (the mitochondrial DNA control region), does not show significant differences between the two types of horse (Ishida et al. 1995, Oakenfull and Ryder 1998). Thus it is clear that Przewalski's and domestic horses are very closely related and have in the past interbred, but the fixed chromosomal number difference between them indicates that they are distinct populations (Oakenfull et al. 2000). A variety of molecular studies support their phylogenetic relationship as sister taxa (Steiner et al. 2012, Côté et al. 2013) diverging between 150,000 and 250,000 years ago (Goto et al. 2011, Steiner and Ryder 2011)." 3651,Caluromysiops irrupta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Caluromysiops,irrupta,,,,,"Sanborn, 1951", 2531,Balantiopteryx infusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Balantiopteryx,infusca,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)", 8241,Eumops auripendulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,auripendulus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1800)","This species is called abrasus in Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Husson (1962) and Hall (1981). Also see Best et al. (2002). The Jamaican form was reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003)." 8247,Eumops perotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Eumops,perotis,,,,,"(Schinz, 1821)",This taxonomic concept does not include trumbulli; see Eger (1977). The large geographic gap between the North American and South American ranges of this taxon suggests that this complex may include more than one species (Simmons 2005). 14996,Nyctinomops macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Nyctinomops,macrotis,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)",This species can be called Tadarida molossa but see Husson (1962). 2129,Dermanura gnoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dermanura,gnoma,,,,,"(Handley, 1987)","This species was originally described as different from other small Artibeus (sensu Handley 1987), but Koopman (1994) listed it as a synonym of A. cinereus (under A. c. pumilio, along with glaucus). However, the characters used in the original description clearly differentiated it from similar taxa, and most recent authors (Simmons 2005) listed it as distinct. Molecular analyses (Hoofer et al. 2008, Solari et al. 2009) also validate this distinction." 21879,Thyroptera tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,THYROPTERIDAE,Thyroptera,tricolor,,,,,"Spix, 1823",Status of the subspecies needs to be assessed. This may be species complex (V. Tavares pers. comm.). 97210381,Cnemaspis psychedelica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,psychedelica,,,,,"Grismer, Ngo & Grismer, 2010", 97210647,Cyrtodactylus hidupselamanya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,hidupselamanya,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anaur, Grismer, Quah, Murdoch, Muin, Davis, Aguilar, Klabacka, Cobos, Aowphol & Sites, 2016",This population represents a new species of karst-adapted Bent-toed Gecko from the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex. All the morphological and genetic data concerning this population has been evaluated and confirms its new species designation (Grismer et al. 2014) 97211227,Cyrtodactylus gunungsenyumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,gunungsenyumensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Davis, Cobos & Murdoch, 2016", 97211201,Cyrtodactylus lenggongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,lenggongensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anaur, Grismer, Quah, Murdoch, Muin, Davis, Aguilar, Klabacka, Cobos, Aowphol & Sites, 2016", 11509,Leopardus pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leopardus,pardalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. This species is genetically very diverse across its range and shows a high degree of population structure, with four distinct clusters: Central America and Mexico, north-northwest South America, north-northeast South America and southern South America. The demarcation between northern and southern South America was identified as the Amazon river (Eizirik et al. 1998)." 136603,Neofelis diardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Neofelis,diardi,,,,,"(G. Cuvier, 1823)","Classically considered a single species, the Clouded Leopard has been split into two species. Based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, chromosomal differences and skull and pelage characteristics, Neofelis nebulosa is restricted to mainland southeast Asia, and N. diardi, the Sunda Clouded Leopard, is found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (Buckley-Beason et al. 2006; Kitchener et al. 2006, 2007; Christiansen et al. 2008, 2009; Wilting et al. 2007; Wilting et al. 2011). Sundaland or the Sunda regions refer to the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Bali as well as to the Malay Peninsula. Although samples are limited from Peninsular Malaysia, it appears to be inhabited by the mainland Clouded Leopard N. nebulosa, rather than the Sunda Island type (Kitchener et al. 2007). The original type specimen of N. diardi originated from Sumatra, but it was initially recorded in error as from Java (Kitchener et al. 2006). As this type specimen described by Cuvier (1823) is not present in any museum, Christiansen 2009 designated a Neoptype (RMNH1981) from Palembang, Sumatra, which is housed at the National Museum of Natural History (Naturalis), in Leiden, the Netherlands. Clouded Leopard fossils have been found on Java, where it perhaps became extinct in the Holocene (Meijaard 2004). Based on analysis of genetic, skull and pelage characteristics, Wilting et al. (2011) recognized two distinct subspecies of N. diardi: the Sumatran Clouded Leopard N. d. diardi and the Bornean Clouded Leopard N. d. borneensis." 18868,Puma concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Puma,concolor,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)","The taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. While 32 subspecies have been classically described, on the basis of genetic analysis Culver et al. (2000) suggest six subspecies as follows:

P. c. cougar: North America
P. c. costaricensis: Central America
P. c. capricornensis: eastern South America
P. c. concolor: northern South America
P. c. cabrerae: central South America
P. c. puma: southern South America." 3787,Capra falconeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,falconeri,,,,,"(Wagner, 1839)","

Three subspecies are recognized (Grubb 2005): C. f. falconeri (Wagner, 1839), C. f. heptneri (Zalkin, 1945), and C. f. megaceros (Hutton, 1842). Other sources have recognized C. f. jerdoni (Hume, 1875) and C. f. cashmiriensis (Lydekker, 1898). Schaller and Khan (1975) considered the former Astor Markhor (C. f. falconeri) and Kashmir Markhor (C. f cashmiriensis) to be one subspecies, the Flare-horned Markhor (C. f. falconeri) and Kabul Markhor (C. f. megaceros) and Sulaiman Markhor (C. f. jerdoni) to be one subspecies, the Straight-horned Markhor (C. f. megaceros). 

" 6607,Dinaromys bogdanovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dinaromys,bogdanovi,,,,,"(Martino, 1922)","Molecular data suggests that this taxon might in fact consist of two species, although further research is required to confirm this (Kryštufek et al. 2007). Genetic data clearly indicate that the Balkan Snow Vole is composed of three historically isolated, independently evolving sets of populations, that can be regarded as evolutionary significant units (ESUs)." 97249078,Monodelphis scalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,scalops,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)",The species includes Monodelphis theresa as a synonym (Pavan et al. 2014). 13912,Nanotrachia orientalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Nanotrachia,orientalis,,,,,"(Solem, 1984)",Mouldingia orientalis was assessed as Endangered in 1996. Köhler and Criscione (2013) transferred this species to Nanotrachia. 78,Acanthochelys radiolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Acanthochelys,radiolata,,,,,"(Mikan, 1820)", 76,Acanthochelys spixii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Acanthochelys,spixii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1835)", 46580,Chelodina novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Chelodina,novaeguineae,,,,,"Boulenger , 1888","

Chelodina novaeguineae has been a taxonomic category to which a range of taxa of uncertain status have been assigned. It falls clearly within the thin-necked long-necked turtles of Australia, New Guinea, Timor and Rote. Only Chelodina pritchardi, Chelodina mccordi and Chelodina canni (Australia) have been definitively separated taxonomically from the Chelodina novaeguineae species complex. In one view, the remaining taxa, including Chelodina gunaleni and several yet to be described taxa conservatively remain under the taxon Chelodina novaeguineae. However, for the purposes of the Red Listing, Chelodina gunaleni is considered separately.

" 4607,Chelodina oblonga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Chelodina,oblonga,,,,,"Gray, 1841","

The name Chelodina oblonga now refers to northern populations of snake necked turtle referred to C. rugosa by Goode (1967) apparently in error. Chelodina colliei now applies to the snake necked form in south west Western Australia.

Allozyme data support the species designation (Georges et al., 2002), though hybridization with other species common. Two major mitochondrial haplotype clades distinguishing populations from the Northern Territory from those of southern New Guinea, Cape York and the rivers flowing into the Gulf of Carpentaria (Alacs, 2008), but these two clades are not regarded as warranting recognition at the level of species or subspecies. Chelodina siebenrocki is morphologically, genetically and ecologically indistinguishable from populations of Chelodina oblonga (formerly rugosa) from Cape York Peninsula, Australia, so the distinction between Chelodina oblonga (formerly rugosa) and C. siebenrocki is not maintained in this account.

Can be confused with Chelodina parkeri, with which it is broadly sympatric, distinguished by the lack of a distinct white patch immediately above and behind the tympanum and a ventral surface of the cervical scute wider than it is long.


1841 Chelodina oblonga Gray, 1841, holotype, BMNH 1947.3.5.89, from Western Australia. Synonymy follows that of (Thomson, 2000; 2006). 1890 Chelodina rugosa Ogilby, 1890, holotype, AMS R6256, from Cape York, Queensland. Precedence over Chelodina oblonga pending outcome of Case 3351, ICZN (Thomson, 2006). 1901 Chelodina siebenrocki Werner, 1901, holotype, ZMB 16491, from Papua New Guinea. Synonymy follows that of Georges et al. (2002), Georges and Thomson (2006). 1915 Chelodina intergularis Fry (1915), holotype, AMS R6255, from Australia. Synonymy follows that of Wermuth and Mertens (1961) and Cogger et al. (1983). 1969 Chelodina oblonga rugosa—Blackmore, 1969. 1969 Chelodina oblonga siebenrocki—Blackmore, 1969. 1985 Macrochelodina billabong Wells & Wellington, 1985, nomen nudum6 following Iverson et al. (2001). 1985 Macrochelodina rugosa—Wells & Wellington, 1985. 1997 Chelodina kuchlingi Cann, 1997c, holotype, WAM R29411, from Kalumburu, NW Australia, (14.18'S, 126.28'E). Synonymy follows that of Georges and Thomson (2006)." 4610,Chelodina reimanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Chelodina,reimanni,,,,,"Philippen & Grossman, 1990","In addition to the morphological evidence provided in the original description, morphological data supporting its status as a separate species were provided by Rhodin (1994). Specimens used in allozyme comparisons were not distinct from C. novaeguineae, but they were from a captive collection, and may have been misidentified –further investigation is warranted. No substantive geographic variation has been reported and no subspecies are recognised." 40758,Myuchelys bellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Myuchelys,bellii,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)","

Thomson and Georges (2009) placed the taxon bellii in the genus Myuchelys, which they separated from Elseya, a classification followed in the revision by Georges and Thomson (2010) and Fielder et al. (2015). Molecular and morphological assessments have found no substantive differences among populations from the Gwydir, Namoi, and Border Rivers catchments (Fielder et al. 2012; Fielder 2013), with little evidence to support any taxonomic subdivision of M. bellii at the species or subspecies level, as suggested by Cann (1998) and Wells (2007). The generic name Wollumbinia (Wells 2002) has been rejected as unavailable for this taxon (Georges and Thomson 2010; Fielder et al. 2015).

This taxon was listed as Elseya sp. 1 in the 1996 and 2000 IUCN Red Lists. It was incorrectly spelled Elseya belli on the IUCN Red List from 2002, but corrected in 2009 to E. bellii following Rhodin et al. (2008).

" 39623,Elseya branderhorsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Elseya,branderhorsti,,,,,"(Ouwens, 1914)","Elseya branderhorsti (Ouwens, 1914)1914 Emydura branderhorsti Ouwens, 1914, described from a live specimen, type either non-existent or lost (Leo Brongersma pers. comm. to John Goode 1967, 28 June 1963), from southern New Guinea. 1994 Elseya branderhorsti—Bour et al., in David, 1994. First use of combination. 
Commonly confused with Elseya novaeguineae because of its superficial resemblance. Original description states lack of a cervical scute as the diagnostic character, by which it can typically be distinguished from Elseya novaeguineae (recently split to recognise Elseya shultzei and Elseya rhodini). A prominent alveolar ridge on the triturating surfaces of the mouth is also diagnostic. DNA sequence data suggest affinities with the species of Elseya from northern Australia. No subspecies are recognised." 40760,Myuchelys georgesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Myuchelys,georgesi,,,,,"(Cann, 1997)",Was listed as Elseya sp. 3 in the 1996 and 2000 IUCN Red Lists. 46581,Elseya novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Elseya,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)","EMBL (see http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/~uetz/LivingReptiles.html) reports that the status of this species is unclear ""...recent authors don't mention this species any more. McDowell 1983 considered this a synonym of Elseya dentata. Fritz and Baur (1995) report vital hybrids between Emydura subglobosa and Elseya novaeguineae and between Emydura subglobosa and Chelodina longicollis""." 40759,Myuchelys purvisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Myuchelys,purvisi,,,,,"(Wells & Wellington, 1985)","Was listed as Elseya sp. 2 in the 1996 and 2000 IUCN Red Lists.

Legler (1981) and others had long recognised the paraphyly of the genus Elseya. In 2007 the name Wollumbinia was proposed by Wells (2007) but was immediately declared as unavailable (Fritz & Havas, 2007). This was followed by Thomson and Georges (2009) in establishing the new genus Myuchelys for the group. An apparent paraphyly when using mtDNA was used to justify the splitting of Myuchelys and the genus Flaviemys (Le et al. 2013) was erected for this species. However Spinks et al. (2015) disagreed and synonymised Flaviemys with Myuchelys.  

" 7664,Elusor macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Elusor,macrurus,,,,,"Legler & Cann, 1994", 10309,Hydromedusa maximiliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Hydromedusa,maximiliani,,,,,"(Mikan, 1825)", 17080,Mesoclemmys dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Mesoclemmys,dahli,,,,,"(Zangerl & Medem, 1958)", 17084,Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Mesoclemmys,vanderhaegei,,,,,"(Bour, 1973)", 17083,Mesoclemmys zuliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Mesoclemmys,zuliae,,,,,"(Pritchard & Trebbau, 1984)", 18457,Pseudemydura umbrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Pseudemydura,umbrina,,,,,"Siebenrock, 1901", 19483,Rheodytes leukops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Rheodytes,leukops,,,,,"Legler & Cann, 1980", 17082,Rhinemys rufipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Rhinemys,rufipes,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 12589,Macrochelys temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELYDRIDAE,Macrochelys,temminckii,,,,,"(Troost in Harlan, 1835)",Appeared in IUCN Red Lists prior to 2007 under the name Macroclemys temminckii. Was also treated by some authors under the generic name Macroclemmys. 4969,Actinemys marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Actinemys,marmorata,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)","Placed variously in Clemmys, Emys and Actinemys in recent years; the balance of opinion is split between Emys and Actinemys. Two subspecies were traditionally recognized, the typical A. m. marmorata (Baird & Girard, 1852), and A. m. pallida (Seeliger, 1945); some phylogenetic studies did not confirm this distinction and recommended abandoning the subspecies pallida (Spinks & Shaffer, 2005, 2009), but more recent work has now confirmed that these taxa are separate species (Spinks et al. 2014) and they are currently recognized as such (TTWG 2017). Additionally, an unnamed 'Baja California form' has been indicated based on morphological and molecular characteristics, but has not been formally described. Listed in the IUCN Red List from 1996 to 2006 under the name Clemmys marmorata." 7717,Emys orbicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Emys,orbicularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Thirteen subspecies are recognised, plus additional unnamed taxonomically distinct lineages. These are summarised by Fritz (2001b: 419-426)." 184436,Graptemys gibbonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,gibbonsi,,,,,"Lovich & McCoy, 1992","

Previously considered to encompass the Broad-headed Map Turtles inhabiting the Pascagoula and Pearl river systems, Graptemys gibbonsi was reduced in scope when the Pearl River form was described as a separate species, G. pearlensis Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman & Qualls, 2010.

" 158517,Lestes silvaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,silvaticus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)", 18458,Pseudemys alabamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Pseudemys,alabamensis,,,,,"Baur, 1893", 97296661,Proplatycnemis alatipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,alatipes,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1872)", 97296697,Proplatycnemis aurantipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,aurantipes,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1965)", 97296721,Proplatycnemis malgassica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,malgassica,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)", 97296768,Proplatycnemis protostictoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,protostictoides,,,,,"(Fraser, 1953)", 97296788,Proplatycnemis sanguinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,sanguinipes,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)", 21643,Terrapene nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Terrapene,nelsoni,,,,,"Stejneger, 1925", 40762,Trachemys adiutrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,adiutrix,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1995", 22019,Trachemys decorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,decorata,,,,,"(Barbour & Carr, 1940)", 22026,Trachemys stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1928)", 22027,Trachemys terrapen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,terrapen,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1788)", 5959,Cuora aurocapitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,aurocapitata,,,,,"Luo & Zong, 1988", 5960,Cuora flavomarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,flavomarginata,,,,,"(Gray, 1863)","Cuora flavomarginata is generally considered to include the form evelynae as a subspecies (Ota et al. 2009), though Ernst et al. (2008) retained evelynae as a full species. The name sinensis has been applied to mainland Chinese populations as a subspecies, with the typical flavomarginata restricted to Taiwan, but recent reviews (Fritz and Havas 2007; Ota et al. 2009; TTWG 2010) have not recognised Taiwanese and mainland populations as taxonomically distinct." 5961,Cuora mccordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,mccordi,,,,,"Ernst, 1988", 5956,Cuora pani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,pani,,,,,"Song, 1984", 5957,Cuora yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","Cuora yunnanensis has been suggested to be an old example of an inter-specific hybrid, but a 1908 museum specimen was found to have unique mt-DNA indicating it to be a valid species status (Parham et al. 2004), and recent trade specimens of unreported origin agreed genetically with the 1908 specimen (He et al. 2007)." 5963,Cuora zhoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,zhoui,,,,,"Zhao in Zhao, Zhou & Ye, 1990", 9042,Geoemyda japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Geoemyda,japonica,,,,,"Fan, 1931", 39612,Mauremys japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Mauremys,japonica,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1835)", 4656,Mauremys nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Mauremys,nigricans,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 19501,Rhinoclemmys annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Rhinoclemmys,annulata,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)", 63664,Rhinoclemmys areolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Rhinoclemmys,areolata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron in Duméril & Duméril, 1851)",No subspecies proposed and no taxa synonymised. 19503,Rhinoclemmys funerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Rhinoclemmys,funerea,,,,,"(Cope, 1876)", 19505,Rhinoclemmys nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Rhinoclemmys,nasuta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 19508,Rhinoclemmys rubida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Rhinoclemmys,rubida,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)","Two subspecies are recognized: R. r. rubida (Cope, 1869), and R. r. perixantha (Mosimann & Rabb, 1953), defined on head pattern, marginal flare and geographic separation. These taxa may be elevated to species level in the future." 19796,Sacalia bealei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Sacalia,bealei,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 4959,Claudius angustatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Claudius,angustatus,,,,,"Cope, 1865", 11010,Kinosternon acutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,acutum,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 63665,Kinosternon alamosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,alamosae,,,,,"Berry & Legler, 1980", 11005,Kinosternon angustipons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,angustipons,,,,,"Legler, 1965", 63666,Kinosternon arizonense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,arizonense,,,,,"Gilmore, 1923","This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of Kinosternon flavescens, but it was elevated to full species level by Serb et al. (2001)." 163429,Kinosternon baurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,baurii,,,,,"(Garman, 1891)", 63667,Kinosternon chimalhuaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,chimalhuaca,,,,,"Berry, Seidel & Iverson in Rogner, 1997", 11006,Kinosternon creaseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,creaseri,,,,,"Hartweg, 1934", 11008,Kinosternon dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,dunni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1947", 63668,Kinosternon durangoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,durangoense,,,,,"Iverson, 1979","This species was formerly treated as a subspecies of Kinosternon flavescens, but it was elevated to full species level by Serb et al. (2001)." 163421,Kinosternon flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,flavescens,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1857)","The former subspecies arizonense and durangoense were elevated to species by Serb et al. (2001). Subspecies spooneri is generally considered synonymous with flavescens (Berry and Berry 1984, Iverson 1992, Serb et al. 2001)." 63669,Kinosternon herrerai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,herrerai,,,,,"Stejneger, 1925", 63670,Kinosternon hirtipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,hirtipes,,,,,"(Wagler, 1833)","Includes the subspecies K. h. hirtipes (Wagler, 1833), K. h. chapalaense Iverson, 1981, K. h. magdalense Iverson, 1981, K. h. megacephalum Iverson, 1981, K. h. murrayi Glass & Hartweg, 1951, and K. h. tarascense Iverson, 1981. Taxon megacephalum may warrant species status, fide Joseph-Ouni 2003." 63671,Kinosternon integrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,integrum,,,,,"LeConte, 1854",Taxonomic studies needed. 11009,Kinosternon oaxacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,oaxacae,,,,,"Berry & Iverson, 1980", 11011,Kinosternon sonoriense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,sonoriense,,,,,"LeConte, 1854","Two subspecies are universally recognised: Kinosternon sonoriense sonoriense LeConte, 1854, and K. sonoriense longifemorale Iverson, 1981." 163435,Kinosternon subrubrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,subrubrum,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1788)","Three recognised subspecies: Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum (Bonnaterre, 1789), K. s. hippocrepis Gray, 1855, and K. s. steindachneri Siebenrock, 1906. Testudo Subrubra was first used by Lacepede, 1788, but this name was (probably) made unavailable by ICZN opinion 1463 (1987) suppressing part of Lacepede's work." 20715,Staurotypus salvinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Staurotypus,salvinii,,,,,"Gray, 1864", 20716,Staurotypus triporcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Staurotypus,triporcatus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1828)", 170492,Sternotherus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Sternotherus,carinatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1856)", 20824,Sternotherus depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Sternotherus,depressus,,,,,"Tinkle & Webb, 1955", 170493,Sternotherus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Sternotherus,minor,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1857)","

Two subspecies are generally recognized, Sternotherus minor minor and S. minor peltifer Smith and Glass, 1947. Occasionally Sternotherus depressus has been considered a third subspecies, but the balance of recent opinion is firmly to recognize depressus as a full separate species. The Sternotherus species have on occasion been placed in the genus Kinosternon.

" 163450,Sternotherus odoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Sternotherus,odoratus,,,,,"(Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801)","Generally placed in Sternotherus, but on occasion in the past placed in the genus Kinosternon." 16529,Pelusios broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelusios,broadleyi,,,,,"Bour, 1986", 41601,Pelusios castanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelusios,castanoides,,,,,"Hewitt, 1931","A recent molecular assessment of Pelusios confirmed that P. castanoides is a valid species but the validity of the Malagasy and Seychellois subspecies is not yet resolved (Fritz et al. 2011, 2013)." 16530,Pelusios rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelusios,rhodesianus,,,,,"Hewitt, 1927","A recent molecular assessment of Pelusios confirmed that P. rhodesianus is a valid species, with deep divergences indicative of cryptic taxa (Fritz et al. 2011). Previously, Broadley (1981) and Broadley and Boycott (2008) distinguished between northern and southern morphs based on colour differences. Wider sampling is required to assess the taxonomic status of the northern and southern populations." 16527,Pelusios seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelusios,seychellensis,,,,,"(Siebenrock, 1906)", 41602,Pelusios subniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelusios,subniger,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1789)","Recent molecular assessments of Pelusios confirmed that P. subniger is a valid species (Fritz et al. 2011) with evidence of cryptic taxa in continental Africa (Fritz et al. 2013). The latter study also indicated that the Malagasy and Seychellois populations were not differentiated from samples from South Africa and Mozambique, rendering the subspecies P. s. parietalis invalid." 16531,Pelusios upembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelusios,upembae,,,,,"Broadley, 1981", 8070,Erymnochelys madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PODOCNEMIDIDAE,Erymnochelys,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1867)",Historically placed in Podocnemis. No subspecies are currently recognized. 16511,Peltocephalus dumerilianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PODOCNEMIDIDAE,Peltocephalus,dumerilianus,,,,,"(Schweigger, 1812)",Appeared in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the incorrectly spelt specific name P. dumeriliana. 17821,Podocnemis erythrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PODOCNEMIDIDAE,Podocnemis,erythrocephala,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 17822,Podocnemis expansa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PODOCNEMIDIDAE,Podocnemis,expansa,,,,,"(Schweigger, 1812)", 17824,Podocnemis sextuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PODOCNEMIDIDAE,Podocnemis,sextuberculata,,,,,"Cornalia, 1849", 17825,Podocnemis unifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PODOCNEMIDIDAE,Podocnemis,unifilis,,,,,"Troschel, 1848", 1181,Amyda cartilaginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Amyda,cartilaginea,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1770)", 165597,Apalone ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Apalone,ferox,,,,,"(Schneider, 1783)", 165596,Apalone mutica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Apalone,mutica,,,,,"(LeSueur, 1827)","Two subspecies are recognized: Apalone mutica mutica (LeSueur, 1827) and Apalone mutica calvata (Webb, 1959)" 163451,Apalone spinifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Apalone,spinifera,,,,,"(LeSueur, 1827)","Includes six widely recognised subspecies: Apalone spinifera spinifera (LeSueur, 1827), A.s. aspera (Agassiz, 1857), A.s. emoryi (Agassiz, 1857), A.s guadalupensis (Webb, 1962), and A.s. pallida (Webb, 1962); Apalone spinifera atra (Webb & Legler, 1960) has at times been treated as a full species, but is here treated as a subspecies of spinifera based on recent genetic and morphological studies (McGaugh 2008, McGaugh and Janzen 2008, McGaugh et al. 2008).

The previously recognized subspecies Apalone spinifera hartwegi (Conant & Goin, 1948) is now considered a synonym of A.s. spinifera, based on its limited morphological and molecular distinctiveness (McGaugh et al. 2008)." 4696,Chitra indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Chitra,indica,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)",Placed by some as a subspecies under C. chitra. 39620,Pelodiscus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Pelodiscus,sinensis,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 63660,Chelydra rossignonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELYDRIDAE,Chelydra,rossignonii,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1868)",Phillips et al. (1996) elevated rossignonii and acutirostris to species level (from geographically isolated subspecies of C. serpentina) based on genetic differentiation. 163424,Chelydra serpentina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELYDRIDAE,Chelydra,serpentina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Two subspecies (Chelydra serpentina serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) and C. s. osceola Stejneger, 1918) were recognized until osceola was synonymized with serpentina by Shaffer et al. (2008), based on lack of significant genetic differentiation. Phillips et al. (1996) removed the former subspecies rossignoni and acutirostris by elevating these to species level, based on genetic differentiation." 6493,Dermatemys mawii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,DERMATEMYDIDAE,Dermatemys,mawii,,,,,"Gray, 1847","This is the single living species and genus in this family which dates back to the Eocene. A number of synonyms have been published for the species, all obsolete and not used for a long time. The corrected but invalid spelling mawei has been supported by some taxonomists." 163467,Chrysemys picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Chrysemys,picta,,,,,"(Schneider, 1783)","Chrysemys picta is traditionally considered to include four subspecies: C. p. picta (Schneider, 1783), C. p. bellii (Gray, 1831), C. p. dorsalis Agassiz, 1857, and C. p. marginata Agassiz, 1857. Starkey et al. (2003) argued that dorsalis is genetically distinct enough to warrant elevation to full species status, a position tentatively supported by the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) (2010), while the remaining taxa (picta, belli and marginata) show limited genetic variability and great variability within populations, such that averages are statistically different, but individual animals from the core of a subspecies' range often cannot be reliably attributed to that subspecies morphologically. The status of belli and marginata (vs. picta) remains subject to further research. For the present assessment, however, we retain the traditional arrangement of picta, bellii, dorsalis and marginata as subspecies of picta." 4968,Clemmys guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Clemmys,guttata,,,,,"(Schneider, 1792)", 97412204,Lestes simulator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,simulator,,,,,"McLachlan, 1895", 158469,Emys trinacris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Emys,trinacris,,,,,"Fritz, Fattizzo, Guicking, Tripepi, Pennisi, Lenk, Joger & Wink, 2005","The species was described by Fritz et al. (2005) as a full species in the Emys orbicularis complex, based on molecular distinction; the species is also morphologically indistinct.

Spinks and Shaffer (2009) found E. trinacris to nest within E. orbicularis when using nuclear DNA, however, when mtDNA was used, it appeared to be in a separate clade.

The Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica (Speybroeck et al. 2020) suggested taking a conservative stance and treated E. trinacris as a subspecies of E. orbicularis, pending further studies to resolve the complicated relationships of the Emys complex. This assessment follows Rhodin et al. (2021) in placing E. trinacris and E. orbicularis as separate species." 4965,Glyptemys insculpta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Glyptemys,insculpta,,,,,"(LeConte, 1830)","Previously this species was known as Clemmys insculpta, under which name it appeared in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006; paraphyly of the traditional genus Clemmys (sensu McDowell, 1964) required placement of insculpta and muhlenbergii into Glyptemys (Holman and Fritz 2001, Parham and Feldman 2002)." 4967,Glyptemys muhlenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Glyptemys,muhlenbergii,,,,,"(Schoepff, 1801)","Previously this species was known as Clemmys muhlenbergii, under which name it appeared in IUCN Red Lists until 2008. Paraphyly of the traditional genus Clemmys (sensu McDowell, 1964) required placement of muhlenbergii and insculpta into Glyptemys." 9496,Graptemys barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,barbouri,,,,,"Carr & Marchand, 1942", 9497,Graptemys caglei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,caglei,,,,,"Haynes & McKown, 1974", 9500,Graptemys ernsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,ernsti,,,,,"Lovich & McCoy, 1992","Graptemys ernsti was described in 1992; before that, it was considered to represent the easternmost populations of G. pulchra." 9498,Graptemys flavimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,flavimaculata,,,,,"Cagle, 1954", 165598,Graptemys geographica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,geographica,,,,,"(LeSueur, 1817)",This species is taxonomically uncontroversial and stable. 9502,Graptemys nigrinoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,nigrinoda,,,,,"Cagle, 1954","Two subspecies are generally recognized: the typical Graptemys nigrinoda nigrinoda Cagle, 1954, and G. n. delticola Folkerts and Mount, 1969." 9499,Graptemys oculifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,oculifera,,,,,"(Baur, 1890)", 59004,Rhacophorus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,modestus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920","Individuals of this species have diverse color variations, and therefore many researchers identify this frog as different species; however molecular analyses show they all belong to a single species (E. Smith pers. comm.)." 165599,Graptemys ouachitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,ouachitensis,,,,,"Cagle, 1953","As a swarm of superficially similar taxa with largely overlapping distributions, the taxonomy and distribution of the pseudogeographica and ouachitensis groups have a long and intertwined history, of which the extensive revision by Vogt (1993) is the most recent and is followed for the Red List assessments. For current purposes, Graptemys ouachitensis contains two subspecies: G. o. ouachitensis Cagle, 1953 and G. o. sabinensis Cagle, 1953." 184437,Graptemys pearlensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,pearlensis,,,,,"Ennen, Lovich, Kreiser, Selman & Qualls, 2010","

Previously this species was considered the Pearl River population of Graptemys gibbonsi, until G. pearlensis was described by Ennen et al. (2010) as a full separate species.

" 165600,Graptemys pseudogeographica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,pseudogeographica,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","As a swarm of superficially similar taxa with largely overlapping distributions, the taxonomy and distribution of the pseudogeographica and ouachitensis groups have a long and intertwined history, of which the extensive revision by Vogt (1993) is the most recent and is followed for the red list assessments.

For present assessment, Graptemys pseudogeographica includes two subspecies: G. p. pseudogeographica (Gray, 1831), and G. p. kohnii (Baur, 1890)." 170494,Graptemys pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,pulchra,,,,,"Baur, 1893", 9503,Graptemys versa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Graptemys,versa,,,,,"Stejneger, 1925", 163444,Pseudemys concinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Pseudemys,concinna,,,,,"(LeConte, 1830)","

Recognition and attribution of subspecies varies by taxonomic author; the Red List accounts follow the taxonomy of the Turtle Taxonomy Working Group (TTWG) (2010). Pseudemys concinna is thus treated to have three subspecies: P. c. concinna (LeConte, 1829), P. c. floridana (LeConte, 1829), and P. c. suwanniensis Carr, 1937. (Note: the taxa concinna and floridana are in broad sympatry in the southeastern lowlands).

The former subspecies texana Baur, 1893, peninsularis Carr, 1938, and gorzugi Ward, 1984, are now recognised as full species and are assessed separately. Fritz and Havas (2007) consider floridana a full species (including subspecies peninsularis Carr, 1938), while Ernst and Lovich (2009) follow Seidel (1994) and consider floridana a subspecies of concinna but recognize both peninsularis and suwanniensis as full species. Former subspecies hieroglyphica Holbrook, 1836, mobilensis Holbrook, 1838, hoyi Agassiz, 1857, and metteri Ward, 1984, have not been recognised since Seidel’s 1994 revision.

" 18459,Pseudemys gorzugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Pseudemys,gorzugi,,,,,"Ward, 1984","Elevated to full species status by Ernst (1990) and Seidel (1994) from initial status of subspecies of Pseudemys concinna." 170495,Pseudemys nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Pseudemys,nelsoni,,,,,"Carr, 1938", 170496,Pseudemys peninsularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Pseudemys,peninsularis,,,,,"Carr, 1938","The status of the taxon Pseudemys peninsularis remains subject to different interpretations as a full separate species (TTWG 2010; following Seidel 1994, 1995) or a subspecies of P. floridana (Jackson 2006, Thomas and Jansen 2006, Fritz and Havas 2007), depending on the assignment of the taxon floridana as a full species or a subspecies of concinna; peninsularis is universally agreed to be a species distinct from concinna; the last word on determining the valid species name is yet to be spoken." 18460,Pseudemys rubriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Pseudemys,rubriventris,,,,,"(LeConte, 1830)","Isolated populations in Massachusetts were previously recognized as a separate subspecies, Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi Babcock, 1937, but recent evaluations of their taxonomic status concluded that these populations do not warrant taxonomic recognition (Iverson and Graham 1990, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2009)." 170497,Pseudemys texana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Pseudemys,texana,,,,,"Baur, 1893", 21641,Terrapene carolina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Terrapene,carolina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Currently considered to comprise six subspecies: Terrapene carolina carolina (Linnaeus, 1758), T. carolina bauri Taylor, 1895, T. carolina triunguis (Agassiz, 1857), T. carolina major (Agassiz, 1857), T. c. mexicana (Gray, 1849) and T. c. yucatana (Boulenger, 1895). The taxonomic status of the taxa yucatana and mexicana remains dynamic; they were treated as full species by Smith et al. (1996) and Stephens and Wiens (2003), but were treated as subspecies of carolina by Fritz and Havas (2007) and TTWG (2010). Butler et al. (2011) argued that the subspecies T. c. major is based on a phenotype resulting from introgression of genes of the extinct subspecies Terrapene c. putnami in eastern subspecies (mainly T. c. carolina) and does not warrant formal recognition.

" 21642,Terrapene coahuila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Terrapene,coahuila,,,,,"Schmidt & Owens, 1944",No subspecies and no synonymised taxa attributed. 21644,Terrapene ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Terrapene,ornata,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1857)","Two subspecies are recognised: Terrapene ornata ornata (Agassiz, 1857), and Terrapene ornata luteola Smith & Ramsay, 1952" 22024,Trachemys gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,gaigeae,,,,,"(Hartweg, 1939)","Traditionally considered a subspecies of Trachemys scripta, recognised as full species by several authors, including Seidel (2002). Seidel (2002) placed two taxa as subspecies of T. gaigeae: T. gaigeae gaigeae (Hartweg, 1939), and T. gaigeae hartwegi (Legler, 1990)." 22028,Trachemys scripta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,scripta,,,,,"(Thunberg <i>in</i> Schoepff, 1792)","Previously extending to Argentina with about 15 subspecies in North, Central and South America, most former subspecies have been elevated to species rank in recent years, leaving only Trachemys scripta scripta, T.s. troostii and T.s. elegans as current subspecies. See Seidel (2002), Fritz and Havas (2007), TTWG (2007) and Rhodin et al. (2021) for details." 63661,Trachemys ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,ornata,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","This taxon has traditionally been considered to be a subspecies of Trachemys scripta (Legler 1990), but it was elevated to full species rank by Seidel (2002)." 63662,Trachemys taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,taylori,,,,,"(Legler, 1960)","Traditionally considered a subspecies of Trachemys scripta, noted as sufficiently distinct to warrant species rank by Legler (1990), and formally elevated to full species by Seidel (2002)." 63663,Trachemys yaquia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Trachemys,yaquia,,,,,"(Legler & Webb, 1970)","This taxon was traditionally considered to be a subspecies of Trachemys scripta, but it was elevated to full species rank by Seidel (2002)." 170502,Mauremys reevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Mauremys,reevesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Traditionally placed in Chinemys, reevesii has in recent years been widely accepted as a species of Mauremys (Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2010). The species includes the forms Chinemys megalocephala Fang, 1934, Geoclemys grangeri Schmidt, 1925, and Damonia unicolor Gray, 1873, which have on occasion been considered as valid species or subspecies, but have in recent years been treated consistently as synonyms of reevesii (Guo et al. 1997, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2010, Rhodin et al. 2021)." 233,Acipenser medirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,medirostris,,,,,"Ayres, 1854","The Green Sturgeon was once considered conspecific with the Sakhalin Sturgeon (Acipenser mikadoi) and the two forms were synonymized (Berg 1948). However, recent molecular data on three mitochondrial genes and morphometric studies show large differences between North American and Asian forms (Birstein and DeSalle 1998, North et al. 2002). Sakhalin Sturgeon is now believed extinct in Japan, Korea and China and the species sustains only a remnant population in Russia's Tumnin River where there is a hatchery (Adams et al. 2002)." 19940,Scaphirhynchus albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Scaphirhynchus,albus,,,,,"(Forbes & Richardson, 1905)", 222,Acipenser brevirostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,brevirostrum,,,,,"Lesueur, 1818", 234,Acipenser transmontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,transmontanus,,,,,"Richardson, 1836", 59013,Rhacophorus poecilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,poecilonotus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 61842,Megophrys parallela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,parallela,,,,,"(Inger and Iskandar, 2005)", 56184,Hyperolius polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,polystictus,,,,,"Laurent, 1943", 135759,Staurois parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Staurois,parvus,,,,,"Inger & Haile, 1959",We follow Matsui et al. (2007) in removing this species from the synonymy of S. tuberilinguis. 56216,Hyperolius tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,tuberculatus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1897)","While Amiet (2012) considers Hyperolius dintelmanni as a synonym of this species which is followed by Frost (2016), we are following Rayna Bell and Stefan Lötters (pers. comm. November 2016) that it should be maintained as a separate species pending further taxonomic study." 56131,Hyperolius endjami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,endjami,,,,,"Amiet, 1980", 56198,Hyperolius riggenbachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,riggenbachi,,,,,"Nieden, 1910", 136041,Rhacophorus gadingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,gadingensis,,,,,"Das and Haas, 2005", 79076105,Ichthyophis pauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,pauli,,,,,"Nishikawa, Matsui, Sudin & Wong, 2013", 169248,Neurolestes nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Neurolestes,nigeriensis,,,,,"(Gambles, 1970)","The genus Nesolestes may be a synonym of Neurolestes (Gambles 1970). Similar specimens from adjacent Cameroon may pertain to another species (Vick unpubl). The original 2009 Red List assessment included this species in Nesolestes. In 2017, it was moved to genus Neurolestes." 89113816,Odontobatrachus fouta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOBATRACHIDAE,Odontobatrachus,fouta,,,,,"Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Brede, Hillers & Rödel, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Odontobatrachus natator (Barej et al. 2015). 89113969,Odontobatrachus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOBATRACHIDAE,Odontobatrachus,smithi,,,,,"Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Sandberger-Loua, Hirschfeld, Brede, Emmrich, Kouamé, Hillers, Gonwouo, Nopper, Adeba, Bangoura, Gage, Anderson & Rödel, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Odontobatrachus natator (Barej et al. 2015). 47415078,Ateuchetus puncticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchetus,puncticollis,,,,,"Latreille, 1819",


89114097,Odontobatrachus ziama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOBATRACHIDAE,Odontobatrachus,ziama,,,,,"Barej, Schmitz, Penner, Doumbia, Hirschfeld, Brede, Bangoura & Rödel, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Odontobatrachus natator (Barej et al. 2015). 59621,Ichthyophis hypocyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,hypocyaneus,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 193747,Amblyrhynchote honckenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Amblyrhynchote,honckenii,,,,,"(Bloch, 1785)", 193736,Balistes capriscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Balistes,capriscus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 2539,Balistes vetula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Balistes,vetula,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 193668,Diodon hystrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Diodon,hystrix,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",

Diodon hystrix has a very wide distribution and a genetic analysis is warranted.

193609,Melichthys niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Melichthys,niger,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)","Given its extremely wide distribution, genetic studies should be conducted on this species to determine its taxonomic status (Leis, Matsuura and Carpenter pers. comm. 2011)." 190422,Mola mola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MOLIDAE,Mola,mola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Mola mola differ slightly genetically and morphologically between the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins, but the two clades are currently treated as one species pending further taxonomic research (Yoshita et al. 2009; Nyegaard et al. 2018a; Sawai et al. 2018, 2020; Caldera et al. 2020; Baptista et al. 2021). The taxonomic history of M. mola is extensive and complicated (Nyegaard et al. 2018b; Sawai et al. 2018, 2020; Fricke et al. 2021), and M. mola literature written before the redescription of Mola alexandrini and description of Mola tecta (both in 2017) may have misidentified these two other species as M. mola." 190281,Parahollardia lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TRIACANTHODIDAE,Parahollardia,lineata,,,,,"(Longley, 1935)", 193615,Ranzania laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MOLIDAE,Ranzania,laevis,,,,,"(Pennant, 1776)","Ranzania laevis has a circumglobal distribution and is currently considered a single cosmopolitan species (Caldera et al. 2020, Sawai et al. 2020, Fricke et al. 2022), although no phylogenetic study across its range has been undertaken. Genetic differences have been documented between specimens collected in the Sargasso Sea and those from Hawai’i (Caldera et al. 2020), and additional research is needed to confirm whether this represents a species complex. Preliminary genetic comparisons show little variation across the mitochondrial locus CO1 (among 12 individuals sampled across a wide range, including North Atlantic, South Africa, and Hawai’i.; Nyegaard et al. 2018), although a 5% sequence divergence (in the mitochondrial D-loop locus) between two specimens has been noted (Yoshita et al. 2009, Yamanoue et al. 2004). Fraser-Brunner (1951) suggested morphological differences in R. laevis between the Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean, with intermediate forms in the Indian Ocean. Research combining morphological and genetic analysis is required to clarify species taxonomy." 190377,Xanthichthys ringens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Xanthichthys,ringens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 6232,Dama mesopotamica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Dama,mesopotamica,,,,,"(Brooke, 1875)","Feldhamer et al. (1988) and Geist (1998) included Dama mesopotamica as a subspecies of Dama dama, though it was regarded as a separate species by Haltenorth (1959), Ferguson et al. (1985), Uerpmann (1987), and Harrison and Bates (1991). We follow Pitra et al. (2004) and Randi et al. (2001) in treating D. mesopotamica as a separate species, based on a major study on the evolution and phylogeny of old world deer." 49830095,Amazonsprattus scintilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Amazonsprattus,scintilla,,,,,"Roberts, 1984", 97755641,Escualosa thoracata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Escualosa,thoracata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 97756224,Herklotsichthys ovalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,ovalis,,,,,"(Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)",This species is not listed in the Clupeidae catalouge (Whitehead 1985). Whether or not this is a valid species needs to be researched. It may be a senior synonym of another species of Herklotsichthys. 97755938,Herklotsichthys lippa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,lippa,,,,,"(Whitley, 1931)", 97755916,Herklotsichthys collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,collettei,,,,,"Wongratana, 1987", 97757259,Nematalosa vlaminghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,vlaminghi,,,,,"(Munro, 1956)", 195022,Anchoa marinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,marinii,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1943", 49830716,Anchoviella alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,alleni,,,,,"(Myers, 1940)", 49829877,Anchoviella carrikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,carrikeri,,,,,"(Fowler,1941)", 97780614,Trypauchenopsis intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trypauchenopsis,intermedia,,,,,"Volz, 1903", 97780757,Vanderhorstia phaeostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanderhorstia,phaeostictus,,,,,"(Randall, Shao & Chen, 2007)", 97780868,Lotilia klausewitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lotilia,klausewitzi,,,,,"Shibukawa, Suzuki & Senou, 2012","Shibukawa et al. (2012) reviewed the genus Lotilia and determined that the true L. graciliosa  is restricted to the Red Sea. The species widely distributed in the western Pacific was described as a new species, L. klausewitzi." 49830509,Anchoviella jamesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,jamesi,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1926)", 187833,Philautus davidlabangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,davidlabangi,,,,,"Matsui, 2009","In the Philautus aurifasciatus group according to the original publication (Matsui 2009)." 97784924,Sonorolux fluminis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Sonorolux,fluminis,,,,,"Trewavas, 1977", 97784720,Pseudolarimichthys terengganui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pseudolarimichthys,terengganui,,,,,"(Seah, Hanafi, Mazlan & Chao, 2015)", 2094,Argiocnemis solitaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argiocnemis,solitaria,,,,,"(Selys, 1872)","The taxonomic status of this species is doubtful. It is known from the dubious female type only, collected in 1818 on Rodrigues. A second Argiocnemis record from 1918 without identification to the species level is reported by Campion (1923)." 2561,Barbus barbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,barbus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 4131,Centropyge resplendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Centropyge,resplendens,,,,,"Lubbock & Sankey, 1975", 4789,Chondrostoma nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chondrostoma,nasus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Individuals reported as C. nasus from the Drin drainage (including Lakes Ohrid and Skadar) apparently represent a distinct species. 5360,Coregonus albula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,albula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Available data do not allow to distinguish C. albula as a whole from C. sardinella and C. vandesius. A very high variability is reported for all morphological characters between the many populations referred to C. albula, suggesting that several species might be involved. Further studies are needed to resolve their identity." 5445,Cottus gobio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,gobio,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 8173,Eudontomyzon mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Eudontomyzon,mariae,,,,,"(Berg, 1931)", 9297,Romanogobio kesslerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,kesslerii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1862)",The systematics of sand gudgeons in Danube is not resolved and several species seem to be confused under the name R. kesslerii. 9567,Gymnocephalus baloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Gymnocephalus,baloni,,,,,"Holcík & Hensel, 1974", 11032,Knipowitschia panizzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,panizzae,,,,,"(Verga, 1841)", 11206,Lampetra fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 11213,Lampetra planeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,planeri,,,,,"(Bloch, 1784)", 11887,Leuciscus leuciscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,leuciscus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Recent molecular data suggest that this species is restricted to the Danube and rivers west of Odra and populations east of this border might belong to other species. More data are needed to test this hypotheses. 89255276,Hyloscirtus mashpi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,mashpi,,,,,"Guayasamin, Rivera-Correa, Arteaga-Navarro, Culebras, Bustamante, Pyron, Peñafiel, Morochz, & Hutter, 2015","This is a split from the broader concept of Hyloscirtus alytolylax (Guayasamín et al. 2015). Museum specimens recorded as H. alytolylax should be reviewed as some may pertain to this species." 78521184,Noblella personina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,personina,,,,,"Harvey, Almendáriz, Brito-M. & Batallas-R., 2013", 88428894,Pristimantis kirklandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,kirklandi,,,,,"(Flores, 1985)",Pristimantis kirklandi has been revalidated and removed from synonymy of Pristimantis incomptus (Heinicke et al. 2007). 78550295,Pristimantis munozi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,munozi,,,,,"Rojas-Runjaic, Delgado C. & Guayasamin, 2014",There is some taxonomic confusion as this taxon may be synonym of Pristimantis floridus (M. Yánez-Muñóz pers. comm. 2021). 49830380,Jurengraulis juruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Jurengraulis,juruensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 176741,Hydrophis lapemoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,lapemoides,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)",This species is sometimes treated under the genus Chitulia. 98178030,Coelatura bakeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,bakeri,,,,,"(H. Adams, 1866)","Coelatura bakeri may sometimes be difficult to distinguish from C. aegyptiaca using morphology, but anatomy of C. bakeri does differ." 98178497,Coelatura stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,stuhlmanni,,,,,"(Martens, 1897)", 98179041,Coelatura rothschildi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,rothschildi,,,,,"(Neuville & Anthony, 1906)", 189503,Margaritifera dahurica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,dahurica,,,,,"(Middendorff, 1850)","According to Russian comparatory taxonomy several taxa of the genus Dahurinaia were described from the Russian Far East. Later all of them were synonymized with M. dahurica based on shell morphology (Smith, 2001; Ziuganov et al., 1994; Graf, 2007; Graf & Cummings, MUSSELp). The latest molecular data have also confirmed this decision (Bolotov et al., 2015)." 166285,Nodularia douglasiae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nodularia,douglasiae,,,,,"(Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1833)","Graf and Cummings (2007) followed Simpson, 1914, and placed Unio douglasiae in genus Nodularia. Nodularia douglasiae was originally described in Unio and has varied in its usage but is now considered to belong in Nodularia. Placement in Nodularia has been also adopted by MolluscaBase (2021).

Lopes-Lima et al. (2017) and Klishko et al. (2017) phylogenetically placed Nodularia separate from Unio, further confirmed by Lopes-Lima et al. (2020).

Choi et al. (2020) found that N. douglasiae can be divided into the three genetic clades: (1) restricted to the Korean Peninsula), (2) widely distributed in East Asia, and (3) only found in the west of China and Russia). Although clade 1 is geographically restricted, Choi et al. found it to not be an independent species." 166309,Cristaria plicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cristaria,plicata,,,,,"(Leach, 1815)","Three species were recognized in Far Eastern Russia, i.e. Cristaria plicata, Cristaria herculea and Cristaria tuberculata. However, recent studies merge the three species under Cristaria plicata (Klishko et al., 2014, 2016)." 171836,Harmandia somboriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Harmandia,somboriensis,,,,,"(Rochebrune, 1882)","Haas (1969) and Simone (2006) have regarded Harmandia to be a member of the South American genus Triplodon erroneously assigned to the Indotropics. Brandt (1974) strongly disputed this; according to him, ""the Mekong species does not show any similarity with the South American Hyriinae"" (p. 284). Harmandia castelneaui Rochebrune, 1904, often considered a junior synonym of Harmandia somboriensis, appears to be a hyriid with an erroneous locality, and is likely the source of this confusion." 171838,Hyriopsis delaportei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hyriopsis,delaportei,,,,,"(Crosse & Fischer, 1876)","Brandt (1974) classifies this species as a subgenera of Hyriopsis; Hyriopsis (Hyriopsis) delaportei.
The shell morphology varies widely with development. Juveniles and young individuals have very small and delicate pseudocardinal teeth and adults have robust, serrated pseudocardinals. The development of the wing is also highly variable (John Pfeiffer pers. obs., 2017)" 171839,Hyriopsis desowitzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hyriopsis,desowitzi,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","This species can be distinguished from Hyriopsis myersiana (Lea, 1856) ""by its smaller size [shells less than 120 mm], thinner texture, more inflated shell and … compressed pseudocardinals"" (Brandt 1974)." 171840,Hyriopsis myersiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hyriopsis,myersiana,,,,,"(Lea, 1856)", 171851,Modellnaia siamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Modellnaia,siamensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1974","" 171853,Nodularia dorri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nodularia,dorri,,,,,"Wattebled, 1886", 171897,Unionetta fabagina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Unionetta,fabagina,,,,,"DeShayes & Jullien, 1874","
" 173135,Pseudodon inoscularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Pseudodon,inoscularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)","Pseudodon inoscularis was first described as Anodon inoscularis Preston, 1915. In the past Brandt (1974) suggested that there were two forms which he considered to be subspecies Pseudodon inoscularis inoscularis and P. inoscularis cummingii however, during the 2010 assessment for the Red List, these were treated as full species, and this has been confirmed by molecular data (Pfeiffer, pers. comm., 2017)." 178544,Phyllodactylus inaequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,inaequalis,,,,,"Cope, 1876", 151515508,Margaritifera middendorffi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,middendorffi,,,,,"(Rosén, 1926)","Using Russian comparatory taxonomy, this species had been separated into Kurilinaia middendorffi (Rosén, 1926) and K. kamchatica (Bogatov, Prozorova & Starobogatov, 2003) (Graf 2007). Kurilinaia kamchatica Bogatov et al., 2003 is a comparatory “species” that was recently synonymized with M. middendorffi (Bolotov et al., 2015). Bolotovet al. (2015) showed that M. middendorffi and M. togakushiensis are similar due to morphological features.  Recent molecular data (Bolotov et al. 2016) show that M. togakushiensis and M. middendorffi belong to the same species. Therefore M. togakushiensis should be considered as a junior subjective synonym of M. middendorffi." 187822,Gracixalus quyeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,quyeti,,,,,"(Nguyen, Hendrix, Böhme, Vu & Ziegler, 2008)", 98201936,Corbicula fluminalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,fluminalis,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)","Clams of the genus Corbicula Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 are native to Africa, Australia, Asia, and the Middle East; however, as invasive species, they are nowadays distributed worldwide (Araujo et al. 1993).

The status of this species around the world has become confused, as the species range has been expanding rapidly, and it has also been interbreeding with other native species throughout the world.

In Japan Okawa et al. (2016) noted androgenetic Corbicula species including C. leana and C. fluminea, show a phenomenon called “egg parasitism” in which the DNA content of spermatozoa is identical to that of somatic cells, but mtDNA is maternal (Houki et al. 2011). Because C. fluminea releases larger amount of sperm than C. leana, a C. leana population could potentially be replaced with a population possessing nuclear DNA of C. fluminea via unilateral hybridization caused by certation (Sonohara 2005). However due to limits of their methodology they could not evaluate the species hybridization between C. fluminea and C. leana. " 98202264,Bulinus liratus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,liratus,,,,,"(Tristram, 1863)",The Malagasy species of the  B. africanus  group were formerly considered as a single species but molecular research has shown that there are two species namely B. obtusispira  and B. liratus. Both are endemic. 184679,Cerithidea decollata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,POTAMIDIDAE,Cerithidea,decollata,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1767", 98382485,Nitia mutelaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nitia,mutelaeformis,,,,,"(Germain, 1906)", 98392503,Goniurosaurus kadoorieorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,kadoorieorum,,,,,"Yang & Chan, 2015", 98392603,Goniurosaurus kwangsiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,kwangsiensis,,,,,"Yang & Chan, 2015", 98392722,Goniurosaurus liboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,liboensis,,,,,"Wang, Yang & Grismer, 2013", 98393682,Goniurosaurus zhelongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,zhelongi,,,,,"Wang, Jin, Li & Grismer, 2014", 54569,Rhinella amboroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,amboroensis,,,,,"(Harvey & Smith, 1993)","There is a great deal of uncertainty around the validity of this species. It may be conspecific with R. quechua (Bolivia Red List Assessment Workshop 2019), as examination of the holotype suggests that it corresponds to the description of R. quechua (Quinteros-Muñoz 2010)." 55692,Tepuihyla warreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,warreni,,,,,"(Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992)","This species was previously considered as incertae sedis, however the validity of this species has now been confirmed (Jungfer et al. 2013)." 55794,Osteocephalus fuscifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteocephalus,fuscifacies,,,,,"Jungfer, Ron, Seipp & Almendariz, 2000", 55943,Scinax castroviejoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,castroviejoi,,,,,"De la Riva, 1993","This species has a distinct call from those of Scinax fuscovarius and S. nasius, species with which it shares similar phenotypic characteristics." 56758,Pristimantis memorans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,memorans,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)","

In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) unistrigatus species group by Hedges et al. (2008), but not assigned to any species group in the last molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs of Padial et al. (2014).

" 59501,Caecilia abitaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,abitaguae,,,,,"Dunn, 1942",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 59512,Caecilia dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,dunni,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1938",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. The Colombian specimens identified as Caecilia dunni were revalidated and assigned to C. leucocephala and C. perdita. 59526,Caecilia pressula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,pressula,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 136065,Rhinella lescurei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,lescurei,,,,,"Fouquet, Gaucher, Blanc & Velez-Rodriguez, 2007",In the Rhinella margaritifera group according to the original publication. This species can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological and vocalization features (Fouquet et al. 2007). 158614,Dendropsophus reichlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,reichlei,,,,,"Moravec, Aparicio, Guerrero-Reinhard, Calderón & Köhler, 2008","Tentatively assigned to the Dendropsophus microcephalus group according to the original description (Moravec et al. 2008)." 98537212,Acisoma attenboroughi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Acisoma,attenboroughi,,,,,"Mens, Schütte, Stokvis & Dijkstra, 2016", 133511,Oculina patagonica,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,OCULINIDAE,Oculina,patagonica,,,,,"Angelis, 1908","{Attention RLU: Please change the taxonomic authority from Angelis, 1908 to de Angelis D'Ossat, 1908. Reference is WoRMS. - C. Linardich 18Jan2022}" 98562533,Linderiella baetica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,ANOSTRACA,CHIROCEPHALIDAE,Linderiella,baetica,,,,,"Alonso & Garcia-De-Lomas, 2009", 54490,Atelopus arthuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,arthuri,,,,,"Peters, 1973", 54491,Atelopus balios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,balios,,,,,"Peters, 1973", 54492,Atelopus bomolochos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,bomolochos,,,,,"Peters, 1973","Lötters et al. (2011) provided molecular evidence that this nominal species is a complex of species. The specimens from the Departamento Piura, Peru belong to an undescribed species (Coloma et al. 2000)." 54493,Atelopus boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,boulengeri,,,,,"Peracca, 1904", 54508,Atelopus exiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,exiguus,,,,,"Boettger, 1892",This species was removed from the synonymy of Atelopus ignescens by McDiarmid (1971). 54515,Atelopus guanujo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,guanujo,,,,,"Coloma, 2002", 54518,Atelopus ignescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,ignescens,,,,,"(Cornalia, 1849)","Coloma, Lötters and Salas (2000) redefined Atelopus ignescens and restricted the species to the north-central Andes of Ecuador. Populations in northern Ecuador (in Cachi Province), and adjacent southern Colombia (Narino Department), previously assigned to Atelopus ignescens are now considered to belong to an undescribed species." 54522,Atelopus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,longirostris,,,,,"Cope, 1868","The specimens in the lowlands may be a different species as they are based on old museum specimens and doubtful collecting localities. Tapia et al. (2017) excluded these records from the current known range of the species and therefore they are considered as Presence Uncertain in this reassessment until they can be reassigned to another taxon. Reports from Valle del Cauca Department in Colombia, refer to an unidentified, probably unnamed species and are excluded from this assessment." 54526,Atelopus mindoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,mindoensis,,,,,"Peters, 1973", 54532,Atelopus nanay,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,nanay,,,,,"Coloma, 2002", 54533,Atelopus nepiozomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,nepiozomus,,,,,"Peters, 1973", 54537,Atelopus palmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,palmatus,,,,,"Andersson, 1945",Records other than from the type locality (e.g. Peters 1973) are considered here to refer to Atelopus planispina. 54543,Atelopus planispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,planispina,,,,,"Jiménez de la Espada, 1875",The taxonomic status of A. planispina and A. palmatus was discussed by Coloma (1997). Records of A. palmatus from Napo Province actually belong to this species (Ecuador Red List Assessment Workshop July 2016). 54933,Centrolene pipilata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,pipilata,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)", 55049,Hyloxalus awa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,awa,,,,,"(Coloma, 1995)", 55071,Hyloxalus delatorreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Hyloxalus,delatorreae,,,,,"(Coloma, 1995)", 55097,Allobates insperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,insperatus,,,,,"(Morales, 2002)", 55098,Colostethus jacobuspetersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,jacobuspetersi,,,,,"Rivero, 1991", 55107,Epipedobates machalilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Epipedobates,machalilla,,,,,"(Coloma, 1995)", 55170,Andinobates abditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,abditus,,,,,"(Myers & Daly, 1976)", 55220,Paruwrobates erythromos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Paruwrobates,erythromos,,,,,"(Vigle & Miyata, 1980)","Santos et al. (2014) moved this species from Ameerega to Hyloxalus, then Grant et al. (2017) moved it to the current genus and suggest the possibility that it is the same species as Paruwrobates whymperi." 55239,Epipedobates tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Epipedobates,tricolor,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)",This species and Epipedobates anthonyi were separated by Schulte (1999). We follow Graham et al. (2004) in restricting the distribution of E. tricolor to central Ecuador. 55342,Gastrotheca litonedis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,litonedis,,,,,"Duellman & Hillis, 1987",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55353,Gastrotheca plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,plumbea,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55354,Gastrotheca pseustes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,pseustes,,,,,"Duellman & Hillis, 1987",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55355,Gastrotheca psychrophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,psychrophila,,,,,"Duellman, 1974",The genus Gastrotheca has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55496,Dendropsophus gryllatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,gryllatus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1973)", 55617,Hyloscirtus ptychodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,ptychodactylus,,,,,"(Duellman & Hillis, 1990)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018)." 55663,Hyloscirtus staufferorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,staufferorum,,,,,"(Duellman and Coloma, 1993)","This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and then to Colomascirtus by Duellman et al. (2016), but later retained as Hyloscirtus by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018)." 55851,Callimedusa ecuatoriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Callimedusa,ecuatoriana,,,,,"(Cannatella, 1982)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Callimedusa (Duellman et al. 2016)." 56666,Pristimantis incanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,incanus,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1980)", 56691,Pristimantis katoptroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,katoptroides,,,,,"(Flores, 1988)", 57222,Niceforonia peraccai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Niceforonia,peraccai,,,,,"(Lynch, 1975)", 57271,Engystomops pustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Engystomops,pustulatus,,,,,"(Shreve, 1941)","In the Duovox clade of Ron et al. (2006). This species is currently under taxonomic revision. The Peruvian population pertains to a different, but closely related species (Ron et al. 2006)." 57899,Ctenophryne aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Ctenophryne,aequatorialis,,,,,"(Peracca, 1904)", 59207,Bolitoglossa sima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,sima,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1911)", 59642,Epicrionops marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Epicrionops,marmoratus,,,,,"Taylor, 1968",The taxonomy of this genus is in need of revision (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). 135835,Espadarana durrellorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Espadarana,durrellorum,,,,,"(Cisneros-Heredia, 2007)",Espadarana durrellorum is diagnosed from other centrolenids by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (Cisneros-Heredia 2007). 136038,Atelopus petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,petersi,,,,,"Coloma, Lötters, Duellman & Miranda-Leiva, 2007","Atelopus petersi can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and different colour patterns (Coloma et al. 2007)." 136173,Atelopus onorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,onorei,,,,,"Coloma, Lötters, Duellman & Miranda-Leiva, 2007","Atelopus onorei can be distinguished from other similar species by its colour patterns (Coloma et al. 2007)." 158474,Centrolene condor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,condor,,,,,"Cisneros-Heredia & Morales-Mite, 2008", 78500583,Excidobates condor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Excidobates,condor,,,,,"Almendáriz, Ron, & Brito, 2012", 98700253,Vesubia jugorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LYCOSIDAE,Vesubia,jugorum,,,,,"(Simon, 1881)", 91470563,Coxelus alinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Coxelus,alinae,,,,,"Dajoz, 1973", 91472392,Diodesma besucheti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Diodesma,besucheti,,,,,"Dajoz, 1977", 91473473,Diplagia hellenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Diplagia,hellenica,,,,,"Reitter, 1882", 135845,Hyperolius watsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,watsonae,,,,,"Pickersgill, 2007", 98798114,Encrasicholina gloria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,gloria,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2016", 98798304,Encrasicholina intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,intermedia,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2016", 135292,Pseudobactricia ridleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,DIAPHEROMERIDAE,Pseudobactricia,ridleyi,,,,,(Kirby 1904),Brock (1999) placed the species in the monospecific genus of Pseudobactricia of which it is the type species. 98468449,Alosa braschnikowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,braschnikowi,,,,,"(Borodin, 1904)",Known as Alosa brashnikovi in literature. 98468550,Alosa curensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,curensis,,,,,"(Suvorov, 1907)","There is confusion regarding the taxonomic status of this species. This species was once considered a synonym of Alosa brashnikowii (Whitehead 1985) and has been considered a subspecies of A. brashnikowi (see Svetiovidov 1952). However, this species is currently considered to be valid as Alosa curensis (Suvorov 1907: Reshetnikov et al. 1997, Dorofeeva 1998, Esmaeili et al. 2014, Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015) and will be treated as such for the purposes of this assessment." 98470302,Alosa saposchnikowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,saposchnikowii,,,,,"Grimm, 1885", 98470350,Alosa sphaerocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,sphaerocephala,,,,,"(Berg, 1913)", 98470496,Alosa suworowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,suworowi,,,,,"(Berg, 1913)","The validity of this species has been contested by some studies after considering specimens as hybrids between different shad species (Reshetnikov et al. 1997). According to Coad (2017) and Berg (1948,1949), this is not a valid species." 98470668,Amblygaster clupeoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Amblygaster,clupeoides,,,,,"Bleeker, 1849","This species closely resembles A. leiogaster, which has more lower gill rakers (Breder and Rosen 1966)." 98470734,Amblygaster sirm,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Amblygaster,sirm,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 98471004,Brevoortia pectinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Brevoortia,pectinata,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)","There is some evidence that Brevoortia pectinata and B. aurea may be synonyms (Cosseau and Diaz de Astarloa 1993, Garcia et al. 2008). However, for the purposes of this assessment, B. aurea and B. pectinata will be treated as two separate species." 98471199,Clupea pallasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupea,pallasii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847", 98472093,Ehirava fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Ehirava,fluviatilis,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1929", 98472163,Escualosa elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Escualosa,elongata,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 98472309,Herklotsichthys blackburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,blackburni,,,,,"(Whitley, 1948)",The validity of this species has been questioned. It is possibly a synonym of Herklotsichthys castelnaui (Whitehead 1985). 98472387,Herklotsichthys castelnaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,castelnaui,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1897)", 98472446,Herklotsichthys dispilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,dispilonotus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 98472646,Herklotsichthys gotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,gotoi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 98472694,Herklotsichthys koningsbergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,koningsbergeri,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1912)","In the published literature and online websites, there are discrepancies reported on the distributional range of Herklotsichthys koningsbergeri. Whitehead (1985) reports a more restricted distribution in northern Western Australia, whereas Allen (2002) reports the distribution from Western Australia to the Gulf of Carpentaria and possibly to southern New Guinea. Williams and Cappo (1990) recorded this species around Townsville, northern Queensland. Online databases (e.g., Fishes of Australia and Atlas of Living Australia) agree in distribution they report (from Shark Bay to central New South Wales). At this time, we are unable to determine the reliability of information reported in these various data sources." 98472718,Herklotsichthys spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Herklotsichthys,spilurus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1863)", 98472908,Hyperlophus translucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Hyperlophus,translucidus,,,,,"McCulloch, 1917", 98472935,Hyperlophus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Hyperlophus,vittatus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1875)", 98475010,Limnothrissa stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Limnothrissa,stappersii,,,,,"(Poll, 1948)",The taxonomic validity of this species requires review (Gourène and Teugels 1993). 98805658,Nematalosa arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,arabica,,,,,Regan 1917, 98816101,Nematalosa flyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,flyensis,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 98819877,Nematalosa papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,papuensis,,,,,(Munro 1964), 98822415,Ramnogaster arcuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Ramnogaster,arcuata,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 98822629,Rhinosardinia bahiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Rhinosardinia,bahiensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 98822816,Sardinella atricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,atricauda,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 98829528,Sardinella brachysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,brachysoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 98830797,Sardinella hualiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,hualiensis,,,,,"(Chu & Tsai ,1958)", 98831444,Sardinella marquesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,marquesensis,,,,,"Berry & Whitehead, 1968", 98832271,Sardinella melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,melanura,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Sardinella melanura may represent a species complex that includes 1-2 additional undescribed species (H. Hata pers. comm. 2017). The type locality for the true S. melanura is Santa Cruz Islands. Additional genetic and morphological work is needed to determine the status of these nominal, undescribed species and thus their distribution. However, at this time, all records of S. melanura were considered for the assessment." 98835195,Sardinella neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,neglecta,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 98835748,Sardinella richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,richardsoni,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 98838439,Spratelloides delicatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Spratelloides,delicatulus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)", 98839002,Spratelloides robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Spratelloides,robustus,,,,,"Ogilby, 1897", 98839225,Sprattus antipodum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sprattus,antipodum,,,,,"(Hector, 1872)",Sprattus antipodum is commonly misidentified and grouped with the related S. muelleri; Whitehead (1985) described the species as distinct. 98839582,Sprattus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sprattus,muelleri,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1879)",Sprattus muelleri is commonly misidentified and grouped with the related S. antipodum; Whitehead et al. (1985) described the species as distinct. 98840585,Sprattus novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sprattus,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 98841657,Strangomera bentincki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Strangomera,bentincki,,,,,"(Norman, 1936)", 98888849,Anchoa compressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,compressa,,,,,(Girard 1858), 98890443,Anchoa pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,pectoralis,,,,,Hildebrand 1943, 98891120,Anchoa tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,tricolor,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)", 98891738,Anchovia landivarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchovia,landivarensis,,,,,Greenfield & Greenfield 1975,The taxonomic validity of this species may need to be reviewed. 98892186,Anchovia surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchovia,surinamensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1865)", 98893194,Anchoviella juruasanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,juruasanga,,,,,"Loeb, 2012", 98893303,Anchoviella manamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,manamensis,,,,,"Cervigón, 1982", 98893448,Anchoviella miarcha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,miarcha,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)","The type specimens of this species are reportedly lost and the taxonomy is uncertain (Nelson 1983, Whitehead et al. 1988)." 98901778,Encrasicholina macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,macrocephala,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2015", 98940490,Encrasicholina oligobranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,oligobranchus,,,,,"(Wongratana, 1983)", 98943344,Encrasicholina purpurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,purpurea,,,,,"(Fowler, 1900)", 98983227,Lycengraulis figueiredoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Lycengraulis,figueiredoi,,,,,"Loeb & Alcântara, 2013", 98987583,Papuengraulis micropinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Papuengraulis,micropinna,,,,,"Munro, 1964", 98987864,Pseudosetipinna haizhouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Pseudosetipinna,haizhouensis,,,,,"Peng & Zhao, 1988", 98988969,Pterengraulis atherinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Pterengraulis,atherinoides,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 98990439,Setipinna taty,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,taty,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1848)","Setipinna taty and S. tenuifilis can be easily confused, but the only species of Setipinna that occurs off China is S. tenuifilis (Whitehead et al. 1988, Young et al. 1994). Some authors identify S. taty as occurring in fisheries in the East China and Yellow seas (Sun et al. 2006) and Bohai Sea (Cheng and Zhou 1997, Tang et al.2003, Jin 2004); these records refer to S. tenuifilis (Whitehead et al. 1988, Young et al. 1994, Xu et al. 2014, H. Hata pers. comm. 2017)." 98991365,Setipinna tenuifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,tenuifilis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1848)","Setipinna taty and S. tenuifilis can be easily confused, but the only species of Setipinna that occurs off China is S. tenuifilis (Whitehead et al. 1988, Young et al. 1994). Some authors identify S. taty as occurring in fisheries in the East China and Yellow seas (Sun et al. 2006) and Bohai Sea (Cheng and Zhou 1997, Tang et al.2003, Jin 2004); these records refer to S. tenuifilis (Whitehead et al. 1988, Young et al. 1994, Xu et al. 2014, H. Hata pers. comm. 2017)." 99000675,Stolephorus advenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,advenus,,,,,"Wongratana, 1987", 99000824,Stolephorus andhraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,andhraensis,,,,,"Babu Rao, 1966",This species is frequently confused with S. waitei which makes its complete distribution uncertain (H. Hata pers. comm. 2017). 99001393,Stolephorus apiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,apiensis,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 99003622,Stolephorus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,brachycephalus,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 99004333,Stolephorus carpentariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,carpentariae,,,,,"(De Vis, 1882)", 99004812,Stolephorus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,chinensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 99005308,Stolephorus dubiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,dubiosus,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 99006153,Stolephorus holodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,holodon,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 99006883,Stolephorus multibranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,multibranchus,,,,,"Wongratana, 1987", 99008092,Stolephorus nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,nelsoni,,,,,"Wongratana, 1987", 99008295,Stolephorus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,pacificus,,,,,"Baldwin, 1984", 99008356,Stolephorus shantungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,shantungensis,,,,,"(Li, 1978)", 54482,Ansonia siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,siamensis,,,,,"Kiew, 1984", 99079032,Stolephorus teguhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,teguhi,,,,,"Kimura, Hori & Shibukawa, 2009", 99079669,Thryssa adelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,adelae,,,,,"(Rutter, 1897)", 99079806,Thryssa aestuaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,aestuaria,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1910)",This species is easily confused with Thryssa hamiltonii. 99079842,Thryssa brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,brevicauda,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 99084894,Thryssa encrasicholoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,encrasicholoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 99085985,Thryssa marasriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,marasriae,,,,,"Wongratana, 1987", 99086912,Thryssa setirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,setirostris,,,,,"(Broussonet, 1782)", 98735314,Chirocentrus nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CHIROCENTRIDAE,Chirocentrus,nudus,,,,,"Swainson, 1839", 99087971,Ilisha filigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,filigera,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 99092368,Ilisha kampeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,kampeni,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1913)", 99092426,Ilisha lunula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,lunula,,,,,"Kailola, 1986", 99092571,Ilisha macrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,macrogaster,,,,,"Bleeker, 1866","Ilisha macrogaster is known from only two specimens, and the characters used to separate this species from I. filigera are slight differences in gill raker counts (Whitehead 1985). These two nominal species may be synonymous (Whitehead 1985)." 99092637,Ilisha pristigastroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,pristigastroides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Wongratana (1980) was only able to identify three specimens of this species, however, Whitehead (1985) considered that this species was probably distinct from other species. For the purposes of this assessment, we accept the preliminary conclusion of Whitehead (1985) that this is valid." 99092808,Ilisha striatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,striatula,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983","Ilisha striatula is caught with I. melastoma in Indian waters and may be subject to some misidentification with this species (Whitehead 1985, Coppola et al. 1994)." 99093073,Opisthopterus valenciennesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Opisthopterus,valenciennesi,,,,,"Bleeker, 1872", 99093524,Pellona altamazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pellona,altamazonica,,,,,"Cope, 1872","This species was thought to be a synonym of Pellona castelnaeana Valenciennes, 1847 according to Whitehead (1985), and as a result, most museum specimens are identified as that species. However, Ortega and Vari (1986) listed it as a valid species, but without explanation or justification." 49829652,Pristigaster cayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pristigaster,cayana,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 49829560,Pristigaster whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pristigaster,whiteheadi,,,,,"Menezes & de Pinna, 2000", 99155576,Hemidactylus fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,fragilis,,,,,"Calabresi, 1915",This species was resurrected from within Hemidactylus frenatus by Mazuch et al. (2016). 96986682,Heteroderes azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Heteroderes,azoricus,,,,,"(Tarnier, 1860)", 97102905,Calathus carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Calathus,carvalhoi,,,,,"Serrano & Borges, 1986", 97104847,Calathus extensicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Calathus,extensicollis,,,,,"Putzeys, 1863", 97110409,Calathus lundbladi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Calathus,lundbladi,,,,,"Colas, 1938", 97111002,Calathus vicenteorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Calathus,vicenteorum,,,,,"Schatzmayr, 1939", 97113324,Cedrorum azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cedrorum,azoricus,,,,,"Borges & Serrano, 1993", 97117836,Pseudanchomenus aptinoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Pseudanchomenus,aptinoides,,,,,"Tarnier, 1860", 97118594,Thalassophilus azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Thalassophilus,azoricus,,,,,"Oromí & Borges, 1991", 97120426,Trechus isabelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,isabelae,,,,,"Borges & Serrano, 2007", 97120924,Trechus jorgensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,jorgensis,,,,,"Oromí & Borges, 1991", 97122215,Trechus montanheirorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,montanheirorum,,,,,"Oromí & Borges, 1991", 97122456,Trechus oromii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,oromii,,,,,"Borges, Serrano & Amorim, 2004", 97122954,Trechus pereirai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,pereirai,,,,,"Borges, Serrano & Amorim, 2004", 97124342,Trechus picoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,picoensis,,,,,"Machado, 1988", 97125072,Trechus terceiranus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,terceiranus,,,,,"Machado, 1988", 97126159,Trechus terrabravensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,terrabravensis,,,,,"Borges, Serrano & Amorim, 2004", 97126539,Trechus torretassoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Trechus,torretassoi,,,,,"Jeannel, 1937", 97127598,Mniophilosoma obscurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CHRYSOMELIDAE,Mniophilosoma,obscurum,,,,,"Gillerfors, 1986", 97159182,Caulotrupis parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Caulotrupis,parvus,,,,,"Israelson, 1985", 97160451,Donus multifidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Donus,multifidus,,,,,"(Israelson, 1984)", 97161019,Drouetius azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Drouetius,azoricus,,,,,"(Drouet, 1859)", 97161490,Drouetius borgesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Drouetius,borgesi,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 97161588,Drouetius oceanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Drouetius,oceanicus,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 97161884,Neocnemis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Neocnemis,occidentalis,,,,,"Crotch, 1867", 97162328,Pseudechinosoma nodosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Pseudechinosoma,nodosum,,,,,"Hustache, 1936", 97163447,Agabus godmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Agabus,godmanni,,,,,"Crotch, 1867", 97167384,Hydroporus guernei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Hydroporus,guernei,,,,,"Régimbart, 1891", 97167398,Athous azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Athous,azoricus,,,,,"Platia & Gudenzi, 2002", 97169500,Gietella faialensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GIETELLIDAE,Gietella,faialensis,,,,,"Menier & Constantin, 1988", 97169951,Cryptolestes azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAEMOPHLOEIDAE,Cryptolestes,azoricus,,,,,"(Ratti, 1972)", 97170117,Metophthalmus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LATRIDIIDAE,Metophthalmus,occidentalis,,,,,"Israelson, 1984", 97170461,Catops velhocabrali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LEIODIDAE,Catops,velhocabrali,,,,,"Blas & Borges, 1998", 97179599,Atheta azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Atheta,azorica,,,,,"Bernhauer, 1936", 97180194,Atheta caprariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Atheta,caprariensis,,,,,"Israelson, 1985", 97185801,Geostiba melanocephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Geostiba,melanocephala,,,,,"(Crotch, 1867)", 97213213,Medon varamontis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Medon,varamontis,,,,,"Assing, 2013", 97213226,Phloeostiba azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Phloeostiba,azorica,,,,,"(Fauvel, 1900)", 97213241,Phytosus schatzmayri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Phytosus,schatzmayri,,,,,"Bernhauer, 1941", 97213262,Nesotes azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Nesotes,azoricus,,,,,"(Crotch, 1867)", 97215835,Aphrodes hamiltoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Aphrodes,hamiltoni,,,,,"Quartau & Borges, 2003", 97220823,Fulvius borgesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Fulvius,borgesi,,,,,"Chérot, J. Ribes & Gorczyca, 2006", 97236499,Eupithecia ogilviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Eupithecia,ogilviata,,,,,"(Warren, 1905)", 97239786,Tinea poecilella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,TINEIDAE,Tinea,poecilella,,,,,"Rebel, 1940", 97240865,Hemerobius azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,NEUROPTERA,HEMEROBIIDAE,Hemerobius,azoricus,,,,,"Tjeder, 1948", 97241143,Elipsocus azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PSOCOPTERA,ELIPSOCIDAE,Elipsocus,azoricus,,,,,"Meinander, 1975", 97241247,Elipsocus brincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PSOCOPTERA,ELIPSOCIDAE,Elipsocus,brincki,,,,,"Badonnel, 1963", 97241503,Limnephilus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,TRICHOPTERA,LIMNEPHILIDAE,Limnephilus,atlanticus,,,,,"Nybom, 1948", 97295365,Athous pomboi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Athous,pomboi,,,,,"Platia & Borges, 2002", 97295664,Cobalius freyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,HYDRAENIDAE,Cobalius,freyi,,,,,"(D`Orchymont, 1940)", 97296302,Graphania granti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Graphania,granti,,,,,"(Warren, 1905)", 97481131,Atlantocis gillerforsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CIIDAE,Atlantocis,gillerforsi,,,,,"Israelson, 1985", 97488857,Sphaericus velhocabrali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,PTINIDAE,Sphaericus,velhocabrali,,,,,"Israelson, 1984", 97493071,Parapetrobius azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ARCHAEOGNATHA,MACHILIDAE,Parapetrobius,azoricus,,,,,"Mendes, 1980", 97493135,Trigoniophthalmus borgesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ARCHAEOGNATHA,MACHILIDAE,Trigoniophthalmus,borgesi,,,,,"Mendes, Gaju, Bach & Molero, 2000", 97633244,Atheta floresensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Atheta,floresensis,,,,,"Pace, 2004", 97633856,Bembidion derelictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Bembidion,derelictus,,,,,"Alluaud, 1926", 97634472,Aleochara freyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Aleochara,freyi,,,,,"Bernhauer, 1940", 99167411,Etrumeus makiawa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,makiawa,,,,,"Randall & DiBattista, 2012","In a recent taxonomic revision (Randall and DiBattista 2012), the nominal species Etrumeus teres (sensu Whitehead 1985) was split into four distinct species: E. makiawa Randall and DiBattista 2012, restricted to the Hawaiian Islands; E. micropus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846), from Japan, and perhaps south to Indonesia; E. acuminatus Gilbert 1890 from the eastern tropical Pacific; and E. sadina (Mitchill 1814) from the northwestern Atlantic (with Etrumeus teres (DeKay 1842) as a junior synonym)." 99167439,Etrumeus micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,micropus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","In a recent taxonomic revision (Randall and DiBattista 2012), the nominal species, Etrumeus teres (sensu Whitehead 1985) was split into four distinct species: E. makiawa Randall and DiBattista 2012, restricted to the Hawaiian Islands; E. micropus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846), from Japan, and perhaps south to Indonesia; E. acuminatus Gilbert 1890 from the eastern tropical Pacific; and E. sadina (Mitchill 1814) from the northwestern Atlantic (with Etrumeus teres (DeKay 1842) as a junior synonym)." 99171328,Pseudotrapelus chlodnickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudotrapelus,chlodnickii,,,,,"Melnikov, Śmielowski, Melnikova, Nazarov & Ananjeva, 2015",Melnikov et al. (2015) described Pseudotrapelus chlodnickii based on new material from Sudan. In a phylogenetic analysis of Pseudotrapelus Tamar et al. (2016) subsequently applied this name to a widespread clade encompassing records formerly assigned to P. sinaitus from North Africa as a whole. 57012,Pristimantis trachyblepharis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,trachyblepharis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)", 59502,Caecilia albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,albiventris,,,,,"Daudin, 1803",This species was removed from synonymy with Caecilia tentaculata by Taylor (1972). 41767,Phacochoerus aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Phacochoerus,aethiopicus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","

Two subspecies are recognised: the Cape Warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus, endemic to South Africa, became extinct in the 1870s (d'Huart and Grubb 2001, Grubb and d’Huart 2010); the Somali Warthog, P. a. delamerei, occurs in Kenya and the Horn of Africa. See Grubb and d’Huart (2010) for a detailed historic overview of the classification of Phacochoerus.

" 99394074,Pristimantis pahuma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pahuma,,,,,"Hutter & Guayasamín, 2015","This is a split from the broader concept of Pristimantis calcarulatus (Hutter and Guayasamin 2015). Despite being nearly morphologically identical, these taxa have considerable genetic distance between them." 99394379,Pristimantis cedros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cedros,,,,,"Hutter & Guayasamín, 2015","This is a split from the broader concept of Pristimantis calcarulatus (Hutter and Guayasamin 2015). The Río Guayllabamba south of the two reserves appears to serve as a geographical barrier separating P. cedros from P. calcarulatus and its sister taxon, P. pahuma (Hutter and Guayasamin 2015). Despite being nearly morphologically identical, these taxa have considerable genetic distance between them." 99403552,Pristimantis calcarulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,calcarulatus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1976)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Pristimantis cedros and P. pahuma (Hutter and Guayasamin 2015)." 183169,Eleotris vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,vittata,,,,,"Duméril, 1858", 183002,Brycinus imberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,imberi,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","Brycinus imberi is under revision. It is a species complex found from south east Africa up into west Africa, with marked species-level differences between populations over the range of the complex. Scale counts in particular vary considerably over the range of this species complex. Even within Malawi there are recognisable differences between populations in Lake Malawi, Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta and the Lower Shire River." 182453,Micralestes acutidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,acutidens,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","The subpopulation close to the source of the Zambezi is morphologically distinct, being larger and less deep than fish elsewhere in its range. The fish have red fins compared to the colourless or creamy fins of those elsewhere. This requires taxonomic investigation (Tweddle et al. 2004)." 182382,Amphilius natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,natalensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1917","Amphilius natalensis was described from the Kranzkloof River, a tributary of the uMngeni River System in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The species has a disjunct distribution which follows an archipelago of mountains from the uMkhomazi River System in South Africa to the Ruo River in Malawi (Skelton 1984, 2001). The species shows considerable morphological variation across its range. Preliminary results from an ongoing study indicate that A. natalensis is a complex of at least four distinct lineages whose taxonomic integrity is being determined through integration of molecular and morphological data (Mazungula and Chakona, unpublished data)." 181882,Ctenopoma multispine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,multispine,,,,,"Peters, 1844", 182583,Microctenopoma intermedium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,intermedium,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1920)", 19889,Sandelia bainsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Sandelia,bainsii,,,,,"Castelnau, 1861","DNA-based studies have shown that there are two genetic lineages within Sandelia bainsii; a southern lineage that is distributed in the Kowie, Great Fish and Keiskamma river systems, and a northern lineage that occurs in the Igoda and Buffalo river systems (Roos 2005, Chakona et al. unpublished. Samples from the Xulu and Nahoon river systems have not yet been analysed genetically. Morphological assessments and additional genetic analyses are being done to determine whether or not the northern and southern lineages of S. bainsii represent two distinct species. Both lineages will be included in this assessment, pending findings from the ongoing taxonomic evaluation of this species." 19890,Sandelia capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Sandelia,capensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",The taxonomic revision of the Sandelia capensis is ongoing.  63305,Nothobranchius furzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,furzeri,,,,,"Jubb, 1971","

Nothobranchius furzeri was established as a species by Jubb in 1971, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 140307993,Nothobranchius kafuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,kafuensis,,,,,"Wildekamp & Rosenstock, 1989","Nothobranchius kafuensis was established as a species by Wildekamp & Rosenstock in 1989, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

Earlier, populations of Nothobranchius sp. Caprivi from the Zambezi Region of Namibia (formerly the Caprivi Strip) have been included in some of the previous evaluations. These populations have been described as Nothobranchius capriviensis by Watters, Wildekamp and Shidlovskiy in 2014, and the distribution of N. kafuensis has been restricted to Zambia." 2426,Austroglanis barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUSTROGLANIDIDAE,Austroglanis,barnardi,,,,,"(Skelton, 1981)","Formerly placed in family Bagridae, but recognized in a separate family by Mo (1991) and de Pinna (1998) (Nelson 2006)." 2427,Austroglanis gilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUSTROGLANIDIDAE,Austroglanis,gilli,,,,,"(Barnard, 1943)", 2428,Austroglanis sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUSTROGLANIDIDAE,Austroglanis,sclateri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)","Formerly placed in family Bagridae, but recognized in a separate family by Mo (1991) and de Pinna (1998) (Nelson 2006)." 181801,Astatotilapia calliptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatotilapia,calliptera,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)",Several distinct populations with variations in male breeding colour are known so it appears to be a species complex. The geographic limits of populations is not well known. A taxonomic revision for the complex is needed. 4626,Chetia brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chetia,brevis,,,,,"Jubb, 1968", 63331,Chetia flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chetia,flaviventris,,,,,"Trewavas, 1961", 181750,Hemichromis elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,elongatus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1861)","Loiselle (1979) comments on the presence of dwarfed populations of an “elongatus-like” fish in Lakes Barombi Kotto and Mboandong, Cameroon and these may represent a distinct species. With the availability of live specimens from the Congo basin and Upper Zambezi there are indications that these populations may also represent distinct species (Stiassny et al. 2007)." 63339,Oreochromis placidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,placidus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1941)","A study of the molecular phylogeny of Oreochromis (Ford et al. 2019) shows the subspecies O. placidus ruvumae is nested with O. shiranus and not O. placidus, although they do form part of a broader grouping with O. placidus and the chambo species group of Oreochromis species in Lake Malawi. Pending a definitive taxonomic statement, O. p. ruvumae is included in this assessment but with notes on the uncertain status of this part of the population and distribution." 182803,Pseudocrenilabrus philander,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudocrenilabrus,philander,,,,,"(Weber, 1897)","There are several colour forms over the species' wide range, possibly representing distinct species." 20160,Serranochromis meridianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,meridianus,,,,,"Jubb, 1967", 183133,Serranochromis robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,robustus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Serranochromis robustus and Serranochromis jallae were previously considered to be subspecies of Serranochromis robustus. They are now both considered to be valid at the species level - this is therefore the more restricted concept of Serranochromis robustus, which was previously assessed at the subspecies level." 182223,Coptodon guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,guineensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 99773552,Rhacocleis andikithirensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Rhacocleis,andikithirensis,,,,,"Tilmans, Odé & Willemse, 2016", 182736,Clarias ngamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,ngamensis,,,,,"Castelnau, 1861","The main area of occupancy for this species are the large floodplains (e.g., Okavango Delta and panhandle, Barotse) of the upper Zambezi and Okavango Ecoregions systems. There are several isolated east coast and southern subpopulations of Clarias ngamensis and their taxonomic status requires examination." 181899,Clarias stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,stappersii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915", 63361,Chrysichthys furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,furcatus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 167944,Odaxothrissa ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Odaxothrissa,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910", 99892252,Ochotona opaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,opaca,,,,,"Argyropulo, 1930","This species is within subgenus Pika. Essentially, Ochotona opaca is a recently elevated form of what was O. pallasii pallasii in the Kazakhstan range of O. pallasii. It was determined that the type locality of pallasii was incorrect and not in Kazakhstan, rather in Mongolia (where the form O. pallasii pricei occurred). Thus, the Mongolian range has become O. pallasii (spelled with two “i’s” following the law of priority), and following the law of priority, the Kazakhstan range now harbours the independent O. opaca. O. opaca and O. pallasii appear to be sister species, but sufficiently differentiated as to be considered independent." 165909,Gonocephalus doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,doriae,,,,,"Peters, 1871", 99927809,Acanthosaura armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,armata,,,,,"(Gray, 1827)", 99927868,Acanthosaura bintangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,bintangensis,,,,,"Wood, Grismer, Grismer, Ahmad, Chan & Bauer, 2009", 99927952,Acanthosaura brachypoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,brachypoda,,,,,"Ananjeva, Orlov, Nguyen & Ryabov, 2011", 99928012,Acanthosaura cardamomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,cardamomensis,,,,,"Wood, Grismer, Grismer, Neang, Chav & Holden, 2010", 99928108,Acanthosaura coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,coronata,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 99928146,Acanthosaura crucigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,crucigera,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","This former species complex has been divided by recent work into three distinct species: Acanthosaura crucigera, A. phuketensis (Pauwels et al. 2015) and A. cardamomensis (Wood et al. 2010)." 99928179,Acanthosaura nataliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,nataliae,,,,,"Orlov, Truong & Sang, 2006", 99928222,Acanthosaura phuketensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,phuketensis,,,,,"Pauwels, Sumontha, Kunya, Nitikul, Samphanthamit, Wood & Grismer, 2015", 99928409,Acanthosaura titiwangsaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,titiwangsaensis,,,,,"Wood, Grismer, Grismer, Ahmad, Chan & Bauer, 2009", 99928473,Aphaniotis acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Aphaniotis,acutirostris,,,,,"Modigliani, 1889", 99928498,Aphaniotis ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Aphaniotis,ornata,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1893)", 99928646,Bronchocela celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,celebensis,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 99928722,Bronchocela hayeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,hayeki,,,,,"(Müller, 1928)", 99928815,Bronchocela orlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,orlovi,,,,,"Hallermann, 2004", 99928852,Bronchocela rayaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,rayaensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Lee, Quah, Anuar, Ngadi & Sites, 2015", 99928871,Bronchocela shenlong,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,shenlong,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Lee, Quah, Anuar, Ngadi & Sites, 2015", 99928897,Bronchocela vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,vietnamensis,,,,,"Hallermann & Orlov, 2005", 99928931,Calotes emma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,emma,,,,,"Gray, 1845","It is unclear whether northeast Indian, Bangledeshi and Chinese populations of Calotes emma, which belong to the subspecies C. e. alticristata, are truly conspecific with C. e. emma, the form found in most of the species' Southeast Asian range. It is consequently possible that C. e. alticristata may be elevated to specific status in future (M. Sumontha pers. comm. 2017)." 99929045,Complicitus nigrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Complicitus,nigrigularis,,,,,"(Ota & Hikida, 1991)", 99929176,Draco cristatellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,cristatellus,,,,,"Günther, 1872","This species belongs to the ""taxonomically challenging"" Draco fimbriatus group, three of whose four species are rarely encountered and poorly-represented in collections (McGuire et al. 2018). The 145-year-old holotype of D. cristatellus was until recently impossible to sequence for genetic analysis, and it was described based on characters in a preserved specimen that may not have preserved diagnostically relevant details of colouration in life (McGuire et al. 2018).

In his description of Draco punctatus from Bukit Larut Boulenger (1900) did not report any diagnostic differences between the two species, but nonetheless considered the two taxa to be distinct and both present in Sarawak. With no clear diagnostic characters available to distinguish the two taxa, the validity of one or both species has been unclear and the situation was complicated further by two competing taxonomic treatments published in the same year (Musters 1983, Inger 1983).

With the advent of new techniques for extracting molecular data from old museum specimens, McGuire et al. (2018) sequenced the D. cristatellus holotype in an effort to distinguish between multiple possible taxonomic arrangements within the D. fimbriatus group. The results of this work supported recognition of D. fimbriatus, D. punctatus and D. cristatellus as distinct species (McGuire et al. 2018)." 141518915,Draco punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,punctatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900","A revision of the Draco fimbriatus species group is presently underway (J. McGuire pers. comm. 2017). This work indicates that this group contains five species-level taxa: D. cristatellus, the species presently known as D. fimbriatus and D. abbreviatus, D. maculatus and D. henningi Musters, 1983 (presently a junior synonym of D. fimbriatus) (McGuire et al.2018).

McGuire et al. (2018) report that this work will necessitate nomenclatural changes to the species traditionally known as Draco fimbriatus, with the result that this name should be considered a senior synonym of Draco abbreviatus, and the name Draco punctatus Boulenger 1900 (whose complex taxonomic history is discussed in detail by McGuire et al. 2018) is available for the taxon previously known as D. fimbriatus.

This assessment accepts the scheme proposed by McGuire et al. (2018) for consistency with this source's revision of D. cristatellus and to limit the possibility of confusion resulting from forthcoming nomenclatural changes." 99929242,Draco maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,maximus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893", 99929310,Draco quinquefasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,quinquefasciatus,,,,,"Hardwicke & Gray, 1827", 99929352,Draco volans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,volans,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","The name Draco volans has a complex taxonomic history summarized by McGuire and Alcala (2000), with competing taxonomic arrangements presented by Inger (1983), Musters (1983) and Alcala (1986). Ross and Lazell (1991) reported that a number of Philippine taxa synonymized within D. volans by Hennig (1936), Inger (1983) and Musters (1983) occur in sympatry with no evidence of intergradation, and consequently recognized these as full species. This arrangement was followed by McGuire and Alcala (2000), who conducted the first comprehensive modern taxonomic assessment of Philippine Draco and recognized ten species from this archipelago, most of which had variously been considered synonyms or subspecies of D. volans or D. spilopterus.
As most taxonomic attention has focused on the complicated systematics of Philippine taxa (McGuire and Kiew 2001) the true identity of D. volans itself, which has a type locality on Java and which was removed from the Philippine fauna by McGuire and Alcala (2000), remained unclear until a subsequent revision of Southeast Asian Draco lizards by McGuire and Kiew (2001). These authors recognized D. sumatranus, D. boschmai and D. timoriensis - previously treated as either junior synonyms (Inger 1983) or subspecies (Musters 1983) of D. volans - as distinct species on the basis of allopatric distributions and morphological differences, restricting D. volans sensu stricto to Java and Bali. These authors noted that both D. boschmai and D. timoriensis as consequently defined represented species complexes in need of further taxomomic resolution." 99929397,Gonocephalus bellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,bellii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibon, 1837)", 99929430,Gonocephalus beyschlagi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,beyschlagi,,,,,"Boettger, 1892", 99929470,Gonocephalus bornensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,bornensis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1851)", 9370,Gonocephalus abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,abbotti,,,,,"Cochran, 1922", 99930252,Gonocephalus kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,kuhlii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1851)","Gonocephalus kuhlii was synonymized within G. chameleontinus by Barbour (1912), but this action has not been widely followed in recent literature (e.g. Das 2010, Manthey 2010)." 99930328,Gonocephalus liogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,liogaster,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 99930364,Gonocephalus megalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,megalepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 99930382,Gonocephalus mjobergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,mjobergi,,,,,"Smith, 1925", 99930400,Harpesaurus beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Harpesaurus,beccarii,,,,,"Doria, 1888", 99930415,Harpesaurus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Harpesaurus,borneensis,,,,,"(Mertens, 1824)","Two records from Sarawak were originally described as Harpesaurus thescelorhinos (King 1978), although subsequent authors have followed Moody (1980) in considering this taxon conspecific with H. borneensis. A morphological examination including new material supports this synonymy, despite finding that the recent female specimens have longer rostral appendages than female museum specimens from either Sarawak or Kalimantan (Lardner et al. 2010). Both a long-horned (presumed to be males) and a short-horned (presumed to be juvenile or female) specimen have been reported from Kubah (I. Das pers. comm. 2018)." 99930465,Harpesaurus ensicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Harpesaurus,ensicauda,,,,,"Werner, 1913", 99930490,Harpesaurus tricinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Harpesaurus,tricinctus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)", 57749,Chiasmocleis anatipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,anatipes,,,,,"Walker & Duellman, 1974",Chiasmocleis anatipes is apparently close to Chiasmocleis leucosticta and divergent from other species of Chiasmocleis (Walker and Duellman 1974). 99930719,Hypsicalotes kinabaluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsicalotes,kinabaluensis,,,,,"(De Grijs, 1937)", 99930769,Leiolepis belliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,belliana,,,,,"(Hardwicke & Gray, 1827)", 99931118,Leiolepis boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,boehmei,,,,,"Darevsky & Kupriyanova, 1993", 99931296,Leiolepis guentherpetersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,guentherpetersi,,,,,"Darevsky & Kupriyanova, 1993", 99931306,Leiolepis guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,guttata,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 99931318,Leiolepis ngovantrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,ngovantrii,,,,,"Grismer & Grismer, 2010", 99931424,Leiolepis peguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,peguensis,,,,,"Peters, 1971", 99931434,Leiolepis reevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,reevesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Records of this species from the central highlands of Viet Nam and Cambodia represent Liolaemus rubritaeniata, following Hartmann et al. (2012)." 99931452,Leiolepis rubritaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,rubritaeniata,,,,,"Mertens, 1961", 99931464,Leiolepis triploida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,triploida,,,,,"Peters, 1971", 99931505,Malayodracon robinsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Malayodracon,robinsonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 99931538,Phoxophrys borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phoxophrys,borneensis,,,,,"Inger, 1960", 99931557,Phoxophrys cephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phoxophrys,cephalum,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)", 99931584,Phoxophrys nigrilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phoxophrys,nigrilabris,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 99931653,Phoxophrys spiniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phoxophrys,spiniceps,,,,,"Smith, 1925", 99931664,Phoxophrys tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phoxophrys,tuberculata,,,,,"Hubrecht, 1881", 99941553,Pseudocalotes drogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,drogon,,,,,"Grismer, Quah, Wood, Anuar, Muin, Davis, Murdoch, Grismer & Cota, 2016", 99941632,Pseudocalotes flavigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,flavigula,,,,,"(Smith, 1924)", 99941772,Pseudocalotes larutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,larutensis,,,,,"Hallerman & McGuire, 2001", 99941794,Pseudocalotes rhaegal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,rhaegal,,,,,"Grismer, Quah, Wood, Anuar, Muin, Davis, Murdoch, Grismer & Cota, 2016", 99941812,Pseudocalotes saravacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,saravacensis,,,,,"Inger & Stuebing, 1994", 99941846,Pseudocalotes viserion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,viserion,,,,,"Grismer, Quah, Wood, Anuar, Muin, Davis, Murdoch, Grismer & Cota, 2016", 99942009,Dopasia buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Dopasia,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1905)", 99942106,Dopasia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Dopasia,gracilis,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 176255,Dopasia hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Dopasia,hainanensis,,,,,"(Yang, 1984)","Nguyen et al. (2011), in a review of Dopasia in Indochina, removed Dopasia ludovici from the synonymy of D. harti. These authors provisionally elected to retain D. hainanensis as a distinct species despite noting that the diagnostic characters of the latter taxon may change with age. Further research is needed to clarify the relationships between these taxa (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 99942213,Dopasia harti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Dopasia,harti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","Nguyen et al. (2011), in a review of Dopasia in Indochina, removed Dopasia ludovici from the synonymy of D. harti. These authors provisionally elected to retain D. hainanensis as a distinct species despite noting that the diagnostic characters of the latter taxon may change with age. Further research is needed to clarify the relationships between these taxa (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 99942309,Dopasia ludovici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Dopasia,ludovici,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1905)","Dopasia ludovici was long regarded as a synonym of D. harti (Pope 1935, Smith 1935, Bourret 2009, Nguyen et al. 2009), although Brygoo (1987) suggested that it should be considered a distinct species based on the number of vertebrae from the atlas to the remnants of the hind leg bones. In a review of Indochinese Dopasia Nguyen et al. (2011) further distinguished D. ludovici from D. harti based on differences in lateral color pattern and recommended treating it as a valid species." 99942342,Dopasia sokolovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Dopasia,sokolovi,,,,,"(Darevsky & Nguyen-Van-Sang, 1983)", 176258,Dopasia wegneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Dopasia,wegneri,,,,,"(Mertens, 1959)", 99942416,Dibamus alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,alfredi,,,,,"Taylor, 1962", 99942431,Dibamus booliati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,booliati,,,,,"Das & Yaakob, 2003", 99942442,Dibamus ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,ingeri,,,,,"Das & Lim, 2003", 99942500,Dibamus vorisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,vorisi,,,,,"Das & Yaakob, 2003", 99942532,Dibamus tiomanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,tiomanensis,,,,,"Diaz, Leong, Grismer & Yaakob, 2004", 99942546,Gonocephalus chamaeleontinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,chamaeleontinus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)",Gonocephalus chamaeleotinus records from Java require confirmation and may represent confusion with G. kuhlii (D. Iskandar and J. McGuire pers. comm. 2017). 99929219,Draco fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,fimbriatus,,,,,"Kuhl, 1820","A revision of the Draco fimbriatus species group is presently underway (J. McGuire pers. comm. 2017). This work indicates that this group contains five species-level taxa: D. cristatellus, the species presently known as D. fimbriatus and D. abbreviatus, D. maculatus and D. henningi Musters, 1983 (presently a junior synonym of D. fimbriatus) (McGuire et al. 2018).

McGuire et al. (2018) report that this work will necessitate nomenclatural changes to the species traditionally known as Draco fimbriatus, with the result that this name should be considered a senior synonym of Draco abbreviatus, and the name Draco punctatus Boulenger 1900 (whose complex taxonomic history is discussed in detail by McGuire et al. 2018) is available for the taxon previously known as D. fimbriatus.

This assessment accepts the scheme proposed by McGuire et al. (2018) for consistency with this source's revision of D. cristatellus and to limit the possibility of confusion resulting from forthcoming nomenclatural changes." 99942588,Draco formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,formosus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 99942607,Draco melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,melanopogon,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 99942638,Draco sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,sumatranus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1844","McGuire and Heang (2001) recognized D. sumatranus, D. boschmai and D. timoriensis - previously treated as either junior synonyms (Inger 1983) or subspecies (Musters 1983) of D. volans - as distinct species on the basis of allopatric distributions and morphological differences, restricting D. volans sensu stricto to Java." 99942684,Cnemaspis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,affinis,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)", 99942711,Cnemaspis bayuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,bayuensis,,,,,"Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan, 2008", 99942727,Cnemaspis bidongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,bidongensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Ahmad, Sumarli, Vazquez, Ismail, Nance, Mohd-Amin, Othman, Rizzaijesika, Kuss, Murdoch & Cobos, 2014", 99942751,Cnemaspis biocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,biocellata,,,,,"Grismer, Chan, Nasir & Sumontha, 2008", 99942771,Cnemaspis chanardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,chanardi,,,,,"Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010", 99942829,Cnemaspis dringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,dringi,,,,,"Das & Bauer, 1998","The first record of this species from Gunung Mulu was originally assigned to Cnemaspis kendalli with the caveat that it may represent an undescribed species (Koch and Schulz 2014). Kurita et al. (2017) reported that this record is attributable to C. dringi. This assignment is accepted here, but as these authors did not sequence material from the C. dringi type locality for comparison it should be considered tentative (L. Grismer pers. comm. 2017)" 99942867,Cnemaspis flavigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,flavigaster,,,,,"Chan & Grismer, 2008", 99942903,Cnemaspis hangus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,hangus,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014", 99942920,Cnemaspis harimau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,harimau,,,,,"Chan, Grismer, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Savage, Grismer, Ahmad, Remigio & Greer, 2010", 99942946,Cnemaspis karsticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,karsticola,,,,,"Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan, 2008", 99942965,Cnemaspis kumpoli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kumpoli,,,,,"Taylor, 1963", 99943033,Cnemaspis mahsuriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,mahsuriae,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Ngadi & Ahmad, 2015", 99943145,Cnemaspis grismeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,grismeri,,,,,"Wood, Quah, Anuar MS & Muin, 2013", 99943159,Cnemaspis mcguirei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,mcguirei,,,,,"Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan, 2008","This assessment follows the taxonomy of Grismer et al. (2008), however the Thai records are 200 km north of the northernmost distribution at Gunung Inas. Firsthand examination of the Thai specimens and a molecular analysis of this population may indicate that the Thai and Malaysian records represent different species (Grismer et al. 2008, 2014)." 99943177,Cnemaspis monachorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,monachorum,,,,,"Grismer, Ahmad, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood & Grismer, 2009 ", 99943188,Cnemaspis nigridia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,nigridia,,,,,"(Smith, 1925)", 99943233,Cnemaspis omari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,omari,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014", 99943296,Cnemaspis paripari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,paripari,,,,,"Grismer & Onn, 2009", 99943444,Cnemaspis perhentianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,perhentianensis,,,,,"Grismer & Chan, 2008", 99943474,Cnemaspis pseudomcguirei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,pseudomcguirei,,,,,"Grismer, Ahmad, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood & Grismer, 2009 ", 99943493,Cnemaspis roticanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,roticanai,,,,,"Grismer & Chan, 2010", 99943510,Cnemaspis shahruli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,shahruli,,,,,"Grismer, Chan, Quah, Muin, Savage, Grismer, Ahmad, Greer & Remegio, 2010", 99943558,Cnemaspis stongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,stongensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014", 99943609,Cnemaspis temiah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,temiah,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014",Cnemaspis temiah was described based on a population of Cnemaspis from the Cameron Highlands that was long recognized but previously considered to belong to C. flavolineata (Grismer et al. 2014). 99943627,Cnemaspis baueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,baueri,,,,,"Das & Grismer, 2003", 99943644,Cnemaspis kendallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kendallii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","Cnemaspis kendalli was long understood to be largely endemic to Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, with records from Indonesia thought to be referrable to different species (Grismer 2011). Although the type locality is ""Borneo"", the species was known from this island only from the area of Kuching (Koch and Schulz 2014). Grismer et al. (2014), in a wide-ranging revision of Cnemaspis, found that C. kendalli was a polyphyletic complex of six species, and restricted the name to a taxon found in northwestern Borneo and several Indonesian archipelagos." 99943678,Cnemaspis pemanggilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,pemanggilensis,,,,,"Grismer & Das, 2006", 99943705,Cnemaspis peninsularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,peninsularis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014", 58793,Rohanixalus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rohanixalus,punctatus,,,,,"(Wilkinson, Win, Thin, Lwin, Shein & Tun, 2003)", 58072,Cacosternum platys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Cacosternum,platys,,,,,"Rose, 1950","This species was removed from the synonymy of Cacosternum boettgeri by Channing (2001), where it had been placed by Poynton (1964). Channing et al. (2013) described four new species in Cacosternum genus and revised the distribution of known Cacosternum species, so the range of C. platys has been restricted (southern Cape Peninsula populations are now referred to as C. australis, sister species of C. platys)." 63247,Enteromius amatolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,amatolicus,,,,,"(Skelton, 1990)", 2560,Pseudobarbus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,capensis,,,,,"Smith, 1841","

It must be noted that P. capensis formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015), Pseudobarbus was expanded to include additional species resulting in the renaming of the Breede-Berg River whitefish to ‘Pseudobarbus’ capensis (Skelton 2016). These nomenclatural changes were made because the type specimen on which the name Barbus capensis was based was re-identified as the Cape Whitefish or Witvis, and not the Clanwilliam Yellowfish, as previously thought (Skelton 2016). The name ‘Pseudobarbus’ capensis (Smith, 1841) for the Berg-Breede whitefish is in tune with the generic alignment of Yang et al. (2015).

" 63248,Enteromius annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,annectens,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1917)","It must be noted that Enteromius annectens formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) it has been changed to Enteromius (Skelton 2016). Possibly a species complex. Numerous populations of spotted barbs occur down the east African coast. The specific status of many of these populations needs further examination. Inland specimens similar to E. annectens enter the middle Zambezi (Zambia and Zimbabwe) and into the lower Shire (Malawi). According to D. Tweddle these are not E. annectens but an undescribed spotted barb species. The taxonomy of these populations needs to be determined also." 63249,Enteromius anoplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,anoplus,,,,,"Weber, 1897","All species belonging to the “chubbyhead barb” species complex have been assigned to the genus Enteromius by Yang et al. (2015). This group has been shown by da Costa (2012) to have significant genetic variation and to represent multiple potential species, but only records from the western Limpopo River Catchment are currently recognised as a separate species (Enteromius motebensis), while it is also recognised that many records currently ascribed to E. motebensis and E. anoplus in the eastern Lowveld may be synonymous with a new species E. nov. sp. “origstad” proposed by Engelbrecht and van der Bank (1997). Nonetheless, given the taxonomic uncertainty surrounding the ‘ohrigstad’ lineage, all records from the Eastern Lowveld catchments are recognised as E. anoplus for this assessment, accepting that a taxonomic revision of this group is required." 2574,Enteromius brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,brevipinnis,,,,,"(Jubb, 1966)","Many isolated subpopulations exist. Engelbrecht (1996) and Engelbrecht and van der Bank (1996) have shown genetic differences between some of these subpopulations and a broader phylogeographical study is needed. It must further be noted that 'Enteromius' brevipinnis formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) all previously Barbus species endemic to southern Africa are Enteromius, Pseudobarbus or Labeobarbus (Skelton 2016)." 2562,Pseudobarbus calidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,calidus,,,,,"Barnard, 1938","Pseudobarbus calidus formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015), the genus Pseudobarbus was expanded to include additional species resulting in the renaming of Pseudobarbus calidus (Skelton 2016)." 63255,Enteromius crocodilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,crocodilensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","Synonymized with Barbus argenteus Gunther, 1868 by Jubb (1963). Justification for this synonymy was not given and it seems incorrect as the two species have widely different, non overlapping geographical distributions.

The isolated Blyde River populations needs to be examined for its taxonomic status." 2564,Pseudobarbus erubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,erubescens,,,,,"Skelton, 1974","It must be noted that 'Pseudobarbus' erubescens formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015), the genus Pseudobarbus was expanded to include additional species resulting in the renaming of the Twee River redfin to ‘Pseudobarbus’ erubescens (Skelton 2016)." 63262,Enteromius gurneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,gurneyi,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","The relationships between isolated populations of this species and between this species and other chubby head minnows (Enteromius anoplus) needs investigation. It must be noted that Enteromius gurneyi formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) it has been changed to Enteromius (Skelton  2016)." 2566,Enteromius hospes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,hospes,,,,,"Barnard, 1938", 182655,Enteromius macrotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,macrotaenia,,,,,"Worthington, 1933",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus but is now considered valid in the genus Enteromius (Yang et al. 2015). 2581,Enteromius motebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,motebensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1894","All taxa from this species complex have been assigned to the genus Enteromius by Yang et al. (2015). Only specimens from the Marico and Crocodile (West) region (Limpopo catchment), North-West and Gauteng Provinces are considered here as Enteromius motebensis previously Barbus motebensis. All records formerly attributed to Barbus motebensis east of these regions were identified as genetically distinct by Engelbrecht and van der Bank (1997) and are separately assessed as Enteromius nov. sp. “ohrigstad”. Further genetic research by da Costa (2012) indicates potential for B. motebensis to incorporate populations ascribed to Barbus anoplus “Lineage A”, which comprises specimens from the Highveld tributaries of the Vaal and upper Orange River. However, given the widespread nature of this putative lineage and significant genetic variation within samples ascribed to it (da Costa 2012), this so-called “Highveld” lineage currently lacks sufficient taxonomic support to justify an unambiguous expansion of the currently defined E. motebensis range. Given this genetic uncertainty, and using a catchment-based approach, we consider only historical records of B. motebensis and B. anoplus from the western Limpopo tributaries to be E. motebensis ‘sensu stricto’ in this assessment. A taxonomic revision of the E. anoplus species complex is required to fully support this assessment." 63271,Enteromius rapax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,rapax,,,,,Steindachner 1894,"Enteromius rappax was synonymised with E. mattozi a species described from the Cunene River, Angola. The two populations are distinct in their morphology and colour patterns and this synonymy is not accepted here. Isolated records of papermouth are known from the Nata River, the upper Zambezi and parts of east-central Zimbabwe - the status of these populations needs to be determined. It must be noted that Enteromius rappax formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015), the genus Enteromius was expanded to include additional species resulting in the renaming of the Enteromius rappax (Skelton 2016)." 2569,Pseudobarbus serra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,serra,,,,,"Peters, 1864","

It must be noted that Pseudobarbus serra formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015), the genus Pseudobarbus was expanded to include additional species resulting in the renaming of the Clanwilliam Sawfin to ‘Pseudobarbus’ serra (Skelton 2016).

" 2572,Enteromius treurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,treurensis,,,,,"Groenewald, 1958","It must be noted that Enteromius treurensis formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015), the genus Enteromius was expanded to include additional species resulting in the renaming of the Enteromius treurensis (Skelton 2016)." 2573,Pseudobarbus trevelyani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,trevelyani,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","Most recently, Yang et al. (2015) proposed that the genus Pseudobarbus should be expanded to include all tetraploid cyprinines from southern Africa. This suggestion was accepted pending a critical evaluation of the generic status of these additional tetraploid species (Skelton 2016). Barbus trevelyani is one of the species that had been transferred to the genus “Pseudobarbus” (Skelton 2016). Skelton et al. (2018) subsequently erected a new genus, Amatolacypris, and transferred “Pseudobarbus” trevelyani to this genus. Amatolacypris trevelyani was described from the Buffalo River System, with its distribution extending into the neighbouring Keiskamma River System. However, Ellender (2013) uncovered species level genetic divergences between the Buffalo population (Amatolacypris trevelyani sensu stricto) and the Keiskamma population (hereafter Amatolacypris ‘trevelyani sp. Keiskamma’). These two lineages will thus be assessed separately. This assessment is on Amatolacypris trevelyani sensu stricto." 63383,Enteromius viviparus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,viviparus,,,,,"(Weber, 1897)","Enteromius viviparus formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) it has been changed to Enteromius (Skelton 2016).

Recent study has shown that the true Enteromius viviparus is restricted to a small area of South Africa and Eswatini (Swaziland). It does not have distinct lateral line pigmentation and thus the common name Bowstripe Barb is a misnomer.

The Bowstripe Barb that has been confused with E. viviparus has a wide northern distribution outside of South Africa and needs taxonomic revision. It was incorrectly synonymised with Enteromius bifrenatus Fowler, 1935 by Leveque & Daget (1984). The identity of northern records from Mozambique need to be verified." 182578,Labeo altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,altivelis,,,,,"Peters, 1852",Recorded from the Zambian Congo and northern Mozambique. The status of populations outside of the Zambezi needs to be determined. Specimens from the Lower Buzi River have extremely high dorsal fins compared to adjacent Lower Zambezi fishes. 63280,Labeo capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,capensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1841)", 63283,Labeo molybdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,molybdinus,,,,,"Du Plessis, 1963","Taxonomic status of populations in different river catchments needs to be examined. There is some morphological variation in what is currently recognised as Labeo molybdinus. Populations of a Labeo from the Rovuma River, northern Mozambique are considered separately but may be a population of L. molybdinus." 63285,Labeo rosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,rosae,,,,,"Steindachner, 1894", 63286,Labeo rubromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,rubromaculatus,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1913", 63287,Labeo ruddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,ruddi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907",Two distinct geographic populations exist. Labeo ruddi was described from the Limpopo River System in South Africa and is also recorded from the Cunene River on the Angolan-Namibian border. The taxonomic status of the Cunene population needs urgent examination as it may represent a distinct species. 63288,Labeo umbratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,umbratus,,,,,"(Smith, 1841)", 63290,Labeobarbus seeberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,seeberi,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1913)",Labeobarbus capensis has undergone a taxonomic name change to Labeobarbus seeberi (Skelton 2016). 63293,Labeobarbus marequensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,marequensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1841)",A widespread and morphologically variable species hence the large number of synonyms. Certain populations appear very different from others and taxonomic work on these is needed. 63294,Labeobarbus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,natalensis,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1861)", 63295,Labeobarbus polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,polylepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)","Several isolated populations need to be examined taxonomically. Initial genetic diversity evaluations suggest that many of the existing populations may be genetically unique. Mulder et al. (2004) and O’Brien et al. (2009) for example have identified at least four genetically different populations of Labeobarbus polylepis. Although the genetic diversity of the populations of the species are largely unknown, many face threats. Other isolated subpopulations such as in the Elands River (Crocodile West River Catchment) is restricted to ±60 km of river.  Historical relocation of Lebeobarbus species throughout the range of L. polylepis has contributed to the confusion associated with the biodiversity and protection importance of the subpopulations. Many isolated subpopulations if established as unique conservation management units would qualify for a threatened category. This information should urgently be obtained." 15409,Opsaridium peringueyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,peringueyi,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1913)", 18477,Pseudobarbus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,asper,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 107649398,Pseudobarbus burchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,burchelli,,,,,"(Smith, 1841)","Smith (1841) described the first redfin species as Barbus (Pseudobarbus) burchelli, but the origin of the specimens that were used for this description is unknown, and no type material exists (Barnard 1943). When Skelton (1988) defined a monophyletic redfin genus, he raised Pseudobarbus to full genetic status and assigned a specimen from the Tradouw catchment as the neotype for P. burchelli. For two decades following Skelton’s (1988) revision, redfins from the Breede and three adjacent river systems (Heuningnes, Duiwenhoks and Goukou) were all considered to belong to Pseudobarbus burchelli (Skelton 2001). Subsequently, DNA-based studies by Swartz et al. (2009) and Chakona et al. (2013) revealed existence of four genetically distinct lineages within P. burchelli (referred to as Pseudobarbus sp. ‘burchelli Giant’, Pseudobarbus sp. ‘burchelli Tradouw’,  Pseudobarbus sp. ‘burchelli Breede’, and Pseudobarbus sp. ‘burchelli Heuningnes’). The Giant Redfin was described as a distinct species, Pseudobarbus skeltoni (Chakona & Swartz, 2013). There are ongoing investigations to determine the taxonomic integrity of the other three lineages of P. burchelli. If these lineages are found to constitute novel species, the name P. burchelli will become restricted to the Tradouw lineage (due to designation of the neotype from this river), the Heuningnes lineage will require a new name, and one of the three synonyms of P. burchelli may need to be re-validated for the widespread Breede lineage. Pending further taxonomic investigation, the Tradouw lineage is being provisionally designated as P. burchelli sensu stricto. This assessment is therefore only based on the Tradouw population." 107660562,Pseudobarbus burgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,burgi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)",The Verlorenvlei population of this species had been described as a new species Pseudobarbus verloreni (Chakona et al. 2014) 18475,Pseudobarbus quathlambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,quathlambae,,,,,"(Barnard, 1938)","Pseudobarbus quathlambae was originally described by Barnard (1938) based on specimens that were collected from the uMkomaas River System in KwaZulu Natal Province of South Africa. The species had not been recorded from South Africa since the original specimens were collected from the type locality in 1938, until a recent survey led to the rediscovery of this species in the uMzimkhulu River System which is adjacent to the uMkomaas River system (Kubheka et al., 2017). Previous and ongoing genetic analyses have revealed the existence of three genetic lineages within P. quathlambae (Swartz 2005, Swartz et al. unpublished data). Detailed morphological assessment are being done to determine whether these lineages constitute separate taxonomic entities." 18478,Pseudobarbus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,tenuis,,,,,"(Barnard, 1938)",Swartz et al. (2009) showed genetic divergence between populations of Pseudobarbus tenuis in the Gouritz and Keurbooms River systems. The populations in the Keurbooms and Bitou rivers are a distinct taxon Pseudobarbus sp. nov. “Keurbooms” which awaits formal description. All distribution records for the Keurbooms and Bitou catchments have thus been excluded from this assessment. 63301,Labeobarbus nelspruitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,nelspruitensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911)","Numerous isolated upper catchment populations exist. Some southern populations appear morphologically different and need further examination. It must be noted that Labeobarbus nelspruitensis formerly belonged to the genus Varicorhinus, but following the work of Vreven et al. (2015), all southern African Varicorhinus species were synonymised with Labeobarbus (Skelton 2016)." 182239,Eleotris daganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,daganensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870", 181577,Eleotris senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,senegalensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1870", 20223,Silhouettea sibayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,sibayi,,,,,"Farquharson, 1970","The population of the cryptic Silhouettea sibayi seems to be restricted to the upper part of Maputaland in KwaZulu-Natal (Lakes Sibaya, Kosi (KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa) and Piti (Mozambique)) with evidence that populations may extend south towards the aMatikulu and Thukela River with unconfirmed anecdotal observations from KwaZulu-Natal Ezemvelo Wildlife collections. Potential relationships between similar gobies within Maputaland and larger KZN are still unknown." 53875166,Hepsetus odoe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEPSETIDAE,Hepsetus,odoe,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)", 53876438,Hippopotamyrus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","Hippopotamyrus ansorgii is a species complex that needs to be satisfactorily resolved. Originally described from a stream in Angola that was not clearly defined, at least six genetically distinct subpopulations are recognised from Angola alone. Two new species in the complex have been defined, H. szaboi from the Upper Zambezi River by Kramer et al. (2004) and H. longilateralis from lower reaches of the Cunene River by Kramer and Swartz (2010). These two species are not included in this assessment.

The subpopulation from the River Ruo in Malawi is also genetically distinct but is included here as it is not yet formally separated. A population in the upper reaches of the North Rukuru River is also likely to be a distinct species but has not yet been critically examined." 63389,Kneria sp. nov. 'South Africa',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Kneria,sp. nov. 'South Africa',,,,,,"Undescribed but clearly different from specimens collected near the type locality for K. auriculata in Mozambique (voucher specimen held by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)). The Kneria sp. nov. 'South Africa' population exists in a small geographic range near Lydenberg, Mpumalanga, South Africa." 63365,Chiloglanis anoterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,anoterus,,,,,"Crass, 1960",There is considerable regional variation across the populations of this species in the different river catchments: Phongolo north to the Sabie. An taxonomic assessment of the status of these populations is needed (involving both genetics and morphology) (Morris et al. 2015). 4632,Chiloglanis bifurcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,bifurcus,,,,,"Jubb & Le Roux, 1969",Work in progress (Bloomer et al.) suggests that Chiloglanis do not migrate very much. An analysis of population structuring would be valuable to nature conservators when developing managements plans. 63366,Chiloglanis emarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,emarginatus,,,,,"Jubb & Le Roux, 1969","Listed in Skelton (2001) as occurring as two distinct populations. The southern population occurs in the Incomati and Phongolo Rivers in South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga) and Swaziland. The northern population occurs around the Pungwe and lower Zambezi Rivers, Zimbabewe. These two populations are considered as two distinct species and only the southern population is assessed here. Chiloglanis emarginatus was described from the Incomati River System near Carolina, South Africa and so the southern population is assessed as this species." 63368,Chiloglanis paratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,paratus,,,,,"Crass, 1960","Described from the southern parts of the Pongolo River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The species' distribution extends from the Pongolo north into the Limpopo River system in southern Zimbabwe. It shows geographical variation in colour patterns and morphology and this is presently being studied by Matlala et al. 2010." 63369,Chiloglanis pretoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,pretoriae,,,,,"van der Horst, 1931","Northern Zambezian records of this species, in Zimbabwe, appear to be incorrect identifications. The northern limit for the species is considered to be the Limpopo River system in southern Zimbabwe." 4633,Chiloglanis swierstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,swierstrai,,,,,"Van Der Horst, 1931",As with the other southern Chiloglanis species with wide geographical ranges this species exibits a degree of colour pattern and morphological variation across its range. This is being studied by Matlala et al. 2010. 182941,Synodontis zambezensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,zambezensis,,,,,"Peters, 1852",There is some geographical variation in morphology and colour patterns and this requires investigation. 182088,Mormyrops anguilloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,anguilloides,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Previously reported as Mormyrops deliciosus (Leach, 1818), a junior synonym of M. anguilloides (see Bigorne, 1987). The taxonomic position of the kenyan population is uncertain: the species might be identical to M. citernii Vinciguerra, 1913 described from the Juba system in Somalia (Seegers et al. 2003)." 63328,Petrocephalus wesselsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,wesselsi,,,,,Kramer & van der Bank 2000,"The status of central and southern Petrocephalus complexes was investigated by Kramer et al. (2012) where they described several new species and reinstated the synonymized species of the genus. For the Southern Churchill, Petrocephalus wesselsi Kramer and Van der Bank, 2000, intraspecific and interspecific differentiation was confirmed by Kramer et al (2012). It is likely that more species will be described in the near future. More study on the South African population is necessary." 182769,Pollimyrus castelnaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,castelnaui,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","Pollimyrus castelnaui was described from Lake Ngami (north-western Botswana). Until recently it was considered by be distributed through the Upper Zambezi, Kwando, Kafue and Cunene Rivers.

The Upper Zambezi species has now, however, been described as a separate species, P. marianne, by Kramer et al. (2003) and the Kwando River form is now named P. cuandoensis by Kramer et al. (2014).

These revisions leave P. castelnaui as a species endemic to the Okavango River system, but the papers do not address the status of other subpopulations, e.g. a few individuals have recently been collected from the Buzi and Rovuma systems, and from northern Lake Malawi affluents. These records require examination to confirm whether they represent this species or distinct species." 181906,Micropanchax johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,johnstoni,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)","Taxonomic studies are needed on this species. Specimens from the Mwekera tributary of the Kafue may represent a different species with more lateral line scales (Tweddle et al. 2004).

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Aplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1863 but is now valid in the genus Micropanchax Myers, 1924." 181717,Micropanchax katangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,katangae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Aplocheilichthys Bleeker, 1863 but is now valid in the genus Micropanchax Myers, 1924. This species is described from Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo in the Congo System. It is unlikely that it is the same species throughout the currently recognised range. Taxonomic work is currently underway. The species has a fragmented population and occurs across numerous river systems. Full resolution of taxonomic issues is needed before a meaningful conservation analysis can be made." 63310,Micropanchax myaposae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,myaposae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)",The relationships of the isolated populations of M. johnstoni and this species needs investigation. It must be noted that Micropanchax myaposae formerly belonged to the genus Aplocheilichthys but following the work of Ghedotti (2000) it has been changed to Micropanchax (Skelton  2016). 181567,Aplocheilichthys spilauchen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Aplocheilichthys,spilauchen,,,,,"(Duméril, 1861)", 21215142,Bombus dahlbomii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APIDAE,Bombus,dahlbomii,,,,,"Guerin-Meneville, 1835", 100339930,Rhombophryne botabota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,botabota,,,,,"Scherz, Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Crottini, 2016", 100339944,Rhombophryne savaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,savaka,,,,,"Scherz, Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Crottini, 2016", 178263,Cnemaspis argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,argus,,,,,"Dring, 1979", 169713,Liolaemus cranwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,cranwelli,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1973)","This species is very similar to Liolaemus wiegmanni, and it has been suggested the two taxa may be conspecific (Etheridge 2000)." 132754,Alphestes immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Alphestes,immaculatus,,,,,"Breder, 1936", 178402,Cnemaspis flavolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,flavolineata,,,,,"(Nicholls, 1949)", 132809,Alphestes multiguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Alphestes,multiguttatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 132782,Cephalopholis aitha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,aitha,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 1991", 132781,Cephalopholis argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,argus,,,,,"Schneider, 1801", 132725,Cephalopholis aurantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,aurantia,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 39773,Cephalopholis boenak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,boenak,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 132808,Cephalopholis cyanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,cyanostigma,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)",This species can be confused with Cephalopholis miniata and C. argus in the Coral Triangle. 132743,Cephalopholis formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,formosa,,,,,"(Shaw, 1812)",This species is sometimes confused with Cephalopholis boenak. 132791,Cephalopholis igarashiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,igarashiensis,,,,,"Katayama, 1957", 132737,Cephalopholis leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,leopardus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","This species resembles Cephalopholis urodeta, but can be distinguished by the distinctive dark saddle on caudal peduncle (Myers 1999)." 132789,Cephalopholis microprion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,microprion,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852",This species can be confused with Cephalopholis boenak in Australia (Hoese et al. 2006). 132732,Cephalopholis miniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,miniata,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 132786,Cephalopholis nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)",This species was removed from synonymy with Cephalopholis urodeta by Craig and Hastings (2007). 132779,Cephalopholis oligosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,oligosticta,,,,,"Randall & Ben-Tuvia, 1983", 132733,Cephalopholis panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",A recent publication suggests changing the family name to Epinephelidae (Smith and Craig 2007). 132805,Cephalopholis polleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,polleni,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1868)","Until 1984, this species was incorrectly included in the genus Gracila (Heemstra and Randall 1993)." 132803,Cephalopholis polyspila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,polyspila,,,,,"Randall & Satapoomin, 2000","The taxonomy of this species requires further investigation (M. Craig pers. comm. 2018), especially to discern differences from two very similar congeners, Cephalopholis microprion and C. cyanostigma (Randall and Satapoomin 2000)." 132741,Cephalopholis sexmaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,sexmaculata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 132757,Cephalopholis sonnerati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,sonnerati,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 132825,Cephalopholis spiloparaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,spiloparaea,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","This species is often misidentified as Cephalopholis aurantia (or as C. analis, a junior synonym of C. aurantia)." 132783,Cephalopholis urodeta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cephalopholis,urodeta,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","This was previously considered to be a widespread species in the Indian and West Pacific oceans, but the Indian Ocean form has now been shown to be Cephalopholis nigripinnis (Craig and Hastings 2007)." 39774,Cromileptes altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Cromileptes,altivelis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","Genetic analyses indicate that this species is monophyletic with Epinephelus. However, a complete revision based on a combination of morphological and genetic data is required before a generic name change should be made." 132767,Dermatolepis dermatolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Dermatolepis,dermatolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 44672,Dermatolepis striolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Dermatolepis,striolata,,,,,"(Playfair, 1867)", 132722,Epinephelus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,aeneus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)","Perca robusta (Couch, 1832) was listed as a synonym of “Epinephelus guaza” (= E. marginatus) by Smith (1971), but Heemstra (1991) considered this latter species a synonym of E. aeneus." 43974,Epinephelus akaara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,akaara,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)", 44677,Epinephelus albomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,albomarginatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903","Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, Craig and Hastings (2007) consider Epinephelus albomarginatus to be a member of the genus Mycteroperca." 132812,Epinephelus amblycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,amblycephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)","Epinephelus amblycephalus has been split into two species, with E. kupangensis now recognized from the western central Pacific and Andaman Sea (Tucker et al. 2016)." 132744,Epinephelus analogus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,analogus,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 44678,Epinephelus andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,andersoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 61336,Epinephelus awoara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,awoara,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)", 132752,Epinephelus bilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,bilobatus,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 1987","This species has been much confused with Epinephelus maculatus in the literature, and many museum specimens have been misidentified. It was illustrated in colour as Epinephelus maculatus by Allen (1985) and Sainsbury et al. (1985). Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132813,Epinephelus bontoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,bontoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 44684,Plectropomus leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,leopardus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 132796,Epinephelus caninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,caninus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1843)",Craig and Hastings (2007) consider the species Epinephelus caninus to be a member of the genus Mycteroperca. 64397,Epinephelus chlorocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,chlorocephalus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 118358386,Epinephelus chlorostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,chlorostigma,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","Epinephelus chlorostigma is very similar to and easily confused with E. gabriellae and E. polylepis. These two species replace E. chlorostigma in the northwest Indian Ocean, including the Persian Gulf." 44686,Epinephelus cifuentesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,cifuentesi,,,,,"Lavenberg & Grove, 1993", 64398,Epinephelus clippertonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,clippertonensis,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1999",This species is very closely related to Epinephelus labriformis and was often reported as E. labriformes or Epinephelus sp. prior to its description in 1999 (Craig et al. 2006). 132763,Epinephelus corallicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,corallicola,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 132762,Epinephelus costae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,costae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)","Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, Craig and Hastings (2007) consider the species Epinephelus costae to be a member of genus Mycteroperca.
The name Epinephelus alexandrinus (Valenciennes 1828) was used for this species from 1895 to 1988, but this name is incorrect, as the holotype of Serranus alexandrinus Valenciennes is a specimen of Epinephelus fasciatus, a known species from the Red Sea and Indo-Pacific area." 132815,Epinephelus cyanopodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,cyanopodus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)",This species is replaced by Epinephelus flavocaeruleus in the Indian Ocean (Myers 1989). 61337,Epinephelus daemelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,daemelii,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 64401,Epinephelus gabriellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,gabriellae,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 1991", 7858,Epinephelus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 14049,Mycteroperca jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,jordani,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 14051,Mycteroperca olfax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,olfax,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)", 14053,Mycteroperca rosacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,rosacea,,,,,"(Streets, 1877)", 64412,Plectropomus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,laevis,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","This species is often misidentified as Plectropomus maculatus (Heemstra and Randall 1993). In Australia, small adults in blue spot phase can be misidentified as P. leopardus (CRC Reef Information Brochure)." 7859,Epinephelus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,marginatus,,,,,"(Lowe, 1834)","Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, Craig and Hastings (2007) consider the species Epinephelus marginatus to be a member of genus Mycteroperca." 44673,Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,fuscoguttatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 132731,Epinephelus socialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,socialis,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 44675,Hyporthodus quernus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,quernus,,,,,"(Seale, 1901)", 132776,Plectropomus oligacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,oligacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 118359431,Plectropomus pessuliferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,pessuliferus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1904)","Plectropomus pessuliferus is often misidentified as P. maculatus (Heemstra and Randall 1993). Heemstra and Randall (1993) recognized two subspecies: Plectropomus pessuliferus marisrubri in the Red Sea, and P. pessuliferus pessuliferus from the remainder of the Indo-Pacific region. Phylogenetic analyses by Ma et al. (2016) identified P. pessuliferus as a relatively small species with a distribution from the central Indian ocean to the Coral Triangle with a single record from deep water Tonga. It is the sister species of P. leopardus and is not directly related to the Red Sea species previously identified as P. pessuliferus marisrubri." 41771,Potamochoerus porcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Potamochoerus,porcus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 41769,Hylochoerus meinertzhageni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Hylochoerus,meinertzhageni,,,,,"Thomas, 1904","Following Grubb (1993, 2005) and d'Huart and Kingdon (2013), three subspecies are provisionally recognized: Hylochoerus. m. ivoriensis, which occurs as isolated populations from Guinea to southern Ghana; H. m. rimator, which ranges from southeast Nigeria to eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo; and the nominate race H. m. meinertzhageni (the true Giant Forest Hog), which occurs as scattered populations from the Albertine Rift Highlands of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo to the eastern (Gregory) Rift Valley in Ethiopia and Kenya. Groves and Grubb (2011) supported by Gongora et al. (in prep.) reviewed this classification and suggested that a species-level status be assigned to these three subspecies. However, further genetic and morphometric studies are required in order to fully understand the taxonomy of the Forest Hog, particularly because the taxonomic status of the Ethiopian race is still indefinite." 132785,Epinephelus erythrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,erythrurus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 132769,Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,fasciatomaculosus,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)", 132817,Epinephelus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Heemstra and Randall (1993) indicate that there is considerable intraspecific variation, and suggest that there are six populations based on scale counts and colour differences: Indian Ocean and Red Sea, Western Australia, Western Pacific, Japan, Pacific Plate islands, Marquesas Islands." 132760,Epinephelus faveatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,faveatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","This species has been previously mis-identified as Epinephelus malabaricus in Sri Lanka. Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132726,Epinephelus flavocaeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,flavocaeruleus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 132765,Epinephelus goreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,goreensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 132798,Epinephelus heniochus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,heniochus,,,,,"Fowler, 1904", 132778,Epinephelus hexagonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,hexagonatus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","Epinephelus hexagonatus may be confused with several other small Epinephelinae species, in particular E. merra. Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132829,Epinephelus howlandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,howlandi,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)","Epinephelus howlandi is often confused with closely related species, in particular E. macrospilos and E. corallicola. It is distinguished from E. macrospilos by the presence of a black blotch at the base of the dorsal fin and of a rounder head and from E. corallicola by a higher density of brown spots, a shorter head and a lighter background colour." 64402,Epinephelus indistinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,indistinctus,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 1991", 44676,Epinephelus irroratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,irroratus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 132750,Epinephelus labriformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,labriformis,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)","Smith and Craig (2007) changed the family name to Epinephelidae; however, some workers retain its classification under Serranidae." 64403,Epinephelus lebretonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,lebretonianus,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853)", 132748,Epinephelus longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,longispinis,,,,,"(Kner, 1864)", 132766,Epinephelus macrospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,macrospilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","Epinephelus macrospilos may be confused with a number of other Epinephelinae, in particular, E. howlandi, E. corallicola, E. quoyanus or E. faveatus. Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132723,Epinephelus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,maculatus,,,,,"Bloch, 1790","Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132784,Epinephelus magniscuttis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,magniscuttis,,,,,"Postel, Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1963", 132746,Epinephelus melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,melanostigma,,,,,"Schultz, 1953","Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132788,Epinephelus merra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,merra,,,,,"Bloch, 1793","Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132756,Epinephelus miliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,miliaris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)", 132745,Epinephelus morrhua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,morrhua,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)","Adults of this species are sometimes confused with other deep water species including Epinephelus radiatus, E. poecilinotus and E. tuamotuensis. Workers have suggested this species should be placed in the genus Mycteroperca, but the species will remain in Epinephelus for this assessment." 132804,Epinephelus ongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,ongus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)",This species is closely related to Epinephelus summana that is known only from the Red Sea. 132802,Epinephelus poecilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,poecilonotus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)","This species belongs to the Epinephelus morrhua species complex, which also includes E. radiatus and E. tuamotuensis and these four species have often been confused (Heemstra and Randall 1993). Workers have suggested this species should be placed in the genus Mycteroperca, but the species will remain in Epinephelus for this assessment." 61339,Epinephelus polyphekadion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,polyphekadion,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 132792,Epinephelus polystigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,polystigma,,,,,(Bleeker 1853), 132797,Epinephelus posteli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,posteli,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Crosnier, 1964", 195292,Epinephelus quinquefasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,quinquefasciatus,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1868)","

Epinephelus quinquefasciatus was previously considered E. itajara, but is now considered a separate species, with E. itajara only in the Atlantic and E. qinquefasciatus in the Pacific (Craig et al. 2009). 

" 132799,Epinephelus quoyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,quoyanus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)","Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132755,Epinephelus radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,radiatus,,,,,"(Day, 1868)","This species is regularly confused with Epinephelus morrhua, which it closely resembles, throughout much of its range. In Japan, the species is referred to as Epinephelus morrhua morrhua (Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola 1984). Juveniles of E. radiatus may also be confused with those of E. magniscuttis. Workers have suggested this species should be placed in the genus Mycteroperca, but the species will remain in Epinephelus for this assessment." 132794,Epinephelus retouti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,retouti,,,,,"Bleeker, 1868","This species is a member of the Epinephelus fasciatus complex, which also contains E. rivulatus and E. irroratus. The differences between these four species are outlined by Heemstra and Randall (1993)." 132736,Epinephelus rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,rivulatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1830)","This species is a member of the Epinephelus fasciatus complex that includes E. irroratus and E. retouti, although E. rivulatus is distinguishable by the dark blotch on the pectoral fin (Heemstra and Randall 1993)." 132780,Epinephelus sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,sexfasciatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)","Epinephelus sexfasciatus has been previously confused with E. diacanthus, a northern Indian Ocean species, and records of the latter from the Western Pacific are likely of E. sexfasciatus (Randall and Heemstra 1991)." 132747,Epinephelus spilotoceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,spilotoceps,,,,,"Schultz, 1953","Epinephelus merra, E. bilobatus, E. faveatus, E. hexagonatus, E. macrospilos, E. maculatus, E. melanostigma, E. quoyanus and E. spilotoceps comprise the ‘reticulated groupers’, which are shallow coral reef species that can be similar in appearance and are sometimes confused." 132749,Epinephelus stictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,stictus,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 1987","This species was previously misidentified as Epinephelus diacanthus, which is a northern Indian Ocean species (Randall and Heemstra 1991)." 64405,Epinephelus suborbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,suborbitalis,,,,,"Amaoka & Randall, 1990", 132728,Epinephelus summana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,summana,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 132758,Epinephelus tauvina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,tauvina,,,,,(Forsskål 1775),This species has been and still is frequently confused with Epinephelus coioides and possibly E. malabaricus as well (M. Craig and Y. Sadovy pers. comm. 2018). 64406,Epinephelus timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,timorensis,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 1987", 132821,Epinephelus trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,trimaculatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 132768,Epinephelus trophis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,trophis,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 1987","This species is very similar to Epinephelus flavocaeruleus, but differs notably in colour. It may represent a Western Australian subspecies of E. flavocaeruleus (Heemstra and Randall 1993)." 64407,Epinephelus tuamotuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,tuamotuensis,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1971", 132773,Epinephelus tukula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,tukula,,,,,"Morgans, 1959", 64408,Epinephelus undulatostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,undulatostriatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)", 132739,Epinephelus undulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,undulosus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 132800,Gracila albomarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Gracila,albomarginata,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1930)","Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Gracila albomarginata is nested well within Cephalopholis and should be included in that genus; however, this hypothesis requires further analysis of morphological characters (Craig and Hastings 2007)." 132730,Hyporthodus acanthistius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,acanthistius,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)",A recent publication changed the generic name of this species to Hyporthodus (Craig and Hastings 2007) and a change of family name to Epinephelidae (Smith and Craig 2007). 64399,Hyporthodus darwinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,darwinensis,,,,,"(Randall & Heemstra, 1991)",A recent publication changed the generic name of this species to Hyporthodus (Craig and Hastings 2007) and a change of family name to Epinephelidae (Smith and Craig 2007). 132795,Hyporthodus ergastularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,ergastularius,,,,,"(Whitley, 1930)","Recent publications have changed the generic name of this species to Hyporthodus (Craig and Hastings 2007), and the family name to Epinephelidae (Smith and Craig 2007). This species is closely related to Hyporthodus septemfasciatus (known only from Japan, Korea and China) and H. octofasciatus (widespread in the Indo-Pacific region, including in eastern and western Australia, New Zealand and South Africa). The differences between these three species are outlined by Heemstra and Randall (1993). More taxonomic work is needed on this group, especially as it has been proposed that individuals of H. ergastularius recorded in fisheries catches off parts of Queensland may be H. octofasciatus (Pogonoski et al. 2002)." 7855,Hyporthodus exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,exsul,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)",This species can be easily confused with Hyporthodus niveatus. Craig and Hastings (2007) changed the generic name of this species to Hyporthodus and Smith and Craig (2007) changed the family name to Epinephelidae. 132828,Hyporthodus haifensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,haifensis,,,,,"(Ben-Tuvia, 1953)","This species has likely been occasionally confused with Epinephelus marginatus under the names of E. guaza and E. gigas (Heemstra 1991). The stuffed holotype of Cerna sicana Doderlein 1882 from Sicily may represent an abnormal specimen of H. haifensis (Heemstra 1991). The generic name of this species has been changed relatively recently from Epinephelus to Hyporthodus (Craig and Hastings 2007), and its family name to Epinephelidae (Smith and Craig 2007)." 132734,Hyporthodus niphobles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,niphobles,,,,,"(Gilbert & Starks, 1897)","This species has been misidentified as Hyporthodus niveatus by some workers. The generic name was changed from Epinephelus to Hyporthodus by Craig and Hastings (2007), and the family name was changed to Epinephelidae by Smith and Craig (2007)." 64404,Hyporthodus perplexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,perplexus,,,,,"(Randall, Hoese & Last, 1991)",A recent publication changed the generic name of this species to Hyporthodus (Craig and Hastings 2007) and the family name to Epinephelidae (Smith and Craig 2007). 132807,Hyporthodus septemfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Hyporthodus,septemfasciatus,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1793)","This species is easily confused with Hyporthodus octofasciatus, which has likely led to many cases of misidentification (M. Craig pers. comm. 2018)." 14052,Mycteroperca prionura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,prionura,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Zahuranec, 1967","Heemstra and Randall (1993) described the morphological differences between Mycteroperca prionura, M. jordani and M. xenarcha. Mycteroperca prionura can easily be confused with Epinephelus analogus, which it closely resembles in colour." 132811,Mycteroperca xenarcha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Mycteroperca,xenarcha,,,,,"Jordan, 1888", 132822,Paranthias colonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Paranthias,colonus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1846)","Craig and Hastings (2007) suggested changing the genus to Cephalopholis; however, Paranthias is retained for the purposes of this assessment until there is full agreement on this revision." 132818,Plectropomus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,maculatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)",This species is frequently confused with Plectropomus leopardus. 132801,Plectropomus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,punctatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","This species has been previously confused with Plectropomus maculatus (Quoy and Gaimard), which occurs only in the Western Pacific (Randall and Hoese 1986)." 132816,Saloptia powelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Saloptia,powelli,,,,,"Smith, 1964", 132790,Triso dermopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Triso,dermopterus,,,,,(Temminck & Schlegel 1842), 132810,Variola albimarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Variola,albimarginata,,,,,"Baissac, 1953",Variola albimarginata is often mis-identified as V. louti. 132738,Variola louti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Variola,louti,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 135381188,Epinephelus bruneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,bruneus,,,,,"Bloch, 1793","Epinephelus bruneus was recently split into two species, the other being a former synonym of E. bruneus: E. moara (Liu et al. 2013)." 79076052,Ichthyophis multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,multicolor,,,,,"Wilkinson, Presswell, Sherratt, Papdopoulou & Gower, 2014", 50108167,Actinia striata,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,ACTINIIDAE,Actinia,striata,,,,,"Risso, 1826","WoRMS (2016) considers Actinia striata Risso, 1826 to be a junior synonym of Paractinia striata (Risso, 1826). However we follow Ocaña et al. (2015) in accepting Actinia striata Risso, 1826 as a valid species.

The species Actinia striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 corresponds to a species described from New Zealand (O. Ocaña pers. comm. 2016). However Ottaway (1975) commented that no author subsequent to Quoy & Gaimard has recognised Actinia striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833, considered it likely that it was probably not an Actinia, and that since Actinia striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833, is also a junior primary homonym of Actinia striata Risso, 1826, rejected the name and description of Actinia striata Quoy & Gaimard." 100682075,Wollastonaria klausgrohi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Wollastonaria,klausgrohi,,,,,"De Mattia & Neiber, 2018","The species was placed in a new genus, Wollastonaria, by De Mattia et al. (2018a,b)." 100682269,Wollastonaria jessicae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Wollastonaria,jessicae,,,,,"De Mattia, Neiber & Groh, 2018","The species was placed in a new genus, Wollastonaria, by De Mattia et al. (2018a,b)." 56787,Pristimantis nephophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,nephophilus,,,,,"(Duellman & Pramuk, 1999)", 178719,Cyrtodactylus sworderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,sworderi,,,,,"(Smith, 1925)", 136026,Hyperolius poweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,poweri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1938","Pickersgill (2007) removed this species from the synonymy of Hyperolius acuticeps based on its voice. It is a member of the H. nasutus complex. A recent reevaluation of the group's taxonomy (Channing et al. 2013) confirmed the validity of this species, based on morphological, genetic, and acoustic evidence." 178723,Gekko horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,horsfieldii,,,,,"(Gray, 1827)", 10064,Hippocampus camelopardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,camelopardalis,,,,,"Bianconi, 1854",References to H. whitei off the east coast of Africa should be H. camelopardalis. Genetic data indicate that this species is distinct from H. whitei in Australia (S. Casey in litt. to Lourie et al. 1999). 100946541,Bullacris boschimana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Bullacris,boschimana,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1916)", 100946558,Bullacris discolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Bullacris,discolor,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1810)", 100946628,Bullacris intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Bullacris,intermedia,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1916)", 100946642,Bullacris membracioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Bullacris,membracioides,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 100946682,Bullacris obliqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Bullacris,obliqua,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1810)", 100946690,Bullacris serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Bullacris,serrata,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1810)", 100946698,Bullacris unicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Bullacris,unicolor,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 100946722,Physemacris papillosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Physemacris,papillosa,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 100946730,Physemacris variolosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Physemacris,variolosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 100946841,Peringueyacris namaqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Peringueyacris,namaqua,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1916)", 100946928,Prostalia granulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Prostalia,granulata,,,,,"(Stål, 1873)", 100946948,Physophorina livingstonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Physophorina,livingstonii,,,,,"Westwood, 1874", 100946964,Physophorina miranda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Physophorina,miranda,,,,,"(Péringuey, 1916)", 100947261,Pneumora inanis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PNEUMORIDAE,Pneumora,inanis,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 170395,Draco lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,lineatus,,,,,"Daudin, 1802","Examining surviving material of Draco ochropterus, the holotype of which was destroyed in WWII, McGuire et al. (2007) concluded that D. ochropetrus represents a junior synonym of D. lineatus. This synonymy was upheld by Karin et al. (2018), who further supported it with the finding that this species' type locality in the Kei Islands (where D. lineatus does not occur) is almost certain to be in error." 170396,Draco maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,maculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","This species has several described subspecies:
D. maculatus maculatus (Gray, 1845), found in Thailand and Malaysia;
D. maculatus haasei Boettger, 1893, found in eastern Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam;
D. maculatus whiteheadi Boulenger, 1899, from northern Thailand, northern Viet Nam and Hainan 
D. maculatus divergens Taylor 1934, found in northwestern Thailand.
The validity of these subspecies is not clear (Manthey 2008)." 170397,Draco taeniopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,taeniopterus,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 170422,Pseudocalotes dringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,dringi,,,,,"Hallermann & Böhme, 2000",The holotype of this species was formerly regarded as a syntype of Pseudocalotes floweri (Boulenger 1912). 12518,Lynx canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Lynx,canadensis,,,,,"Kerr, 1792",The taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group. It has been placed in the genus Lynx according to genetic analysis (Johnson et al. 2006). 9138,Gerbillus occiduus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,occiduus,,,,,"Lay, 1975","The possibility that G. occiduus is a junior synonym of G. riggenbachi Thomas 1903, currently considered a synonym of G. tarabuli and described from a site situated just on the Tropic of Cancer in the Rio de Oro (southern part of Western Sahara), has been raised by Ndiaye et al. (2012)" 2892,Bos mutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bos,mutus,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1883)","The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003) ruled that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. Therefore, IUCN considers the wild species of yak under Bos mutus, while the domestic form is considered under Bos grunniens (see Gentry et al. 1996).

Grubb (2005) lists mutus as a subspecies of grunniens, contrary to most authors." 101313145,Botanophila fonsecai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,ANTHOMYIIDAE,Botanophila,fonsecai,,,,,"Ackland, 1989", 178548,Toenayar novemcarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Toenayar,novemcarinata,,,,,"(Anderson, 1871)","Euprepes novemcarinatus Anderson, 1871 is the type species of the genus Toenayar (Karin et al. 2016). The generic name comes from the mythology of Myanmar, in which the Toenayar (Pronunciation: ‘‘Toh-Ay-Nah-Yar”), from the Burmese language, is a mythical Dragon or serpent with four legs. The Burmese language has no grammatical gender, but we treat the scientific name, Toenayar, as feminine." 178211,Larutia miodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,miodactyla,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 157547,Ampedus quadrisignatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,quadrisignatus,,,,,"(Gyllenhal, 1817)", 194082,Hemicycla diegoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,diegoi,,,,,"Neiber, R. Vega-Luz, Ro. Vega-Luz & Koenemann, 2011",This is a recently described species. 6738,Atlantica scutula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,scutula,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 101395676,Atlantica laurisilvae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,laurisilvae,,,,,"(Allgaier & M. Klemm, 2012)", 101396595,Janulus traviesus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GASTRODONTIDAE,Janulus,traviesus,,,,,"Castro, Yanes, García, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2014", 101402548,Napaeus delicatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,delicatus,,,,,"Alonso, Yanes & Ibáñez, 2011", 101404873,Napaeus minimus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,minimus,,,,,"D. Holyoak & G. Holyoak, 2011", 101405518,Insulivitrina raquelae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,raquelae,,,,,"(Valido, Yanes, M.R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2014)", 101405841,Vermetum tamadabaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vermetum,tamadabaensis,,,,,"D. Holyoak, G. Holyoak, Yanes, Santana, García, Castro, Artiles, Alonso & Ibáñez, 2014",The genus Vermetum was moved from Gastrodontidae to Pristilomatidae (Holyoak et al. 2014). 2296,Atelognathus nitoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Atelognathus,nitoi,,,,,"(Barrio, 1973)", 2298,Atelognathus solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Atelognathus,solitarius,,,,,"(Cei, 1970)", 21581,Telmatobius atacamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,atacamensis,,,,,"Gallardo, 1962", 54564,Rhinella achalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,achalensis,,,,,"(Cei, 1972)", 54646,Rhinella gallardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,gallardoi,,,,,"(Carrizo, 1992)", 54652,Rhinella gnustae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,gnustae,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1967)", 54752,Rhinella rumbolli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,rumbolli,,,,,"(Carrizo, 1992)", 54818,Melanophryniscus cupreuscapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,cupreuscapularis,,,,,"Cespedez & Alvarez, 2000", 54827,Melanophryniscus rubriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,rubriventris,,,,,"(Vellard, 1947)",Bolivian subpopulations are in need of taxonomic revision. 55302,Nyctimantis siemersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Nyctimantis,siemersi,,,,,"(Mertens, 1937)","There are two subspecies: Nyctamantis siemersi siemersi and N. s. pederseni. Taxonomic studies are ongoing to evaluate the taxonomic status of the two subspecies; preliminary results do not support the hypothesis that N. s. pederseni and N. s. siemersi represent distinct species, but rather the same species with colour variants (R. Cajade pers. comm. September 2017).

This species was recently transferred to the genus Nyctimantis as N. siemersi (Suárez et al. 2020, Blotto et al. 2020)." 55336,Gastrotheca gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,gracilis,,,,,"Laurent, 1969", 56323,Atelognathus patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Atelognathus,patagonicus,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1962)",This is a polymorphic species that presents different morphotypes adapted to aquatic or terrestrial environments (Cuello et al. 2008). 56331,Batrachyla fitzroya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BATRACHYLIDAE,Batrachyla,fitzroya,,,,,"Basso, 1994", 56343,Chacophrys pierottii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Chacophrys,pierottii,,,,,"(Vellard, 1948)", 56564,Oreobates discoidalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,discoidalis,,,,,"(Peracca, 1895)", 57112,Lepidobatrachus llanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOPHRYIDAE,Lepidobatrachus,llanensis,,,,,"Reig & Cei, 1963", 57138,Leptodactylus laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,laticeps,,,,,"Boulenger, 1918", 57185,Odontophrynus achalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,achalensis,,,,,"Di Tada, Barla, Martori & Cei, 1984", 57187,Odontophrynus barrioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,barrioi,,,,,"Cei, Ruiz & Beçak, 1982", 57189,Odontophrynus cordobae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,cordobae,,,,,"Martino & Sinsch, 2002",This diploid species was separated from the tetraploid Odontophrynus americanus. 57193,Odontophrynus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ODONTOPHRYNIDAE,Odontophrynus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Berg, 1886)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species. Pereyra et al. (2009) reported a natural hybrid with Odonophrynus cordobae in central Argentina. 57249,Physalaemus cuqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,cuqui,,,,,"Lobo, 1993", 57255,Physalaemus fernandezae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,fernandezae,,,,,"(Müller, 1926)",The record from Rivera mentioned in the 2004 assessment belongs to Pseudopaludicola falcipes (Maneyro et al. 2019). 57282,Pleurodema borellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,borellii,,,,,"(Peracca, 1895)","The taxonomic status of Pleurodema borellii is uncertain. This species and P. cinereum have been recognized either as synonymous or as valid species at various points in time (see a synthesis in Faivovich et al. 2012). Duellman and Veloso (1977) used altitudinal range and thigh color to differentiate the species (i.e., P. borellii occurs between 400–3,000 m asl and has purple thighs, while P. cinereum occurs between 2,900–4,100 m asl and has yellow thighs), and this criterion is still used at present.

On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, Faivovich et al. (2012) considered the subpopulations assigned to P. borellii and P. cinereum at least from the east coast of Lake Titicaca southwards to Bolivia and Argentina belong to the same species, P. cinereum. Until specimens from their respective type localities become available, the taxonomic status of both species remains in question." 57288,Pleurodema kriegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,kriegi,,,,,"(Müller, 1926)","This species is part of a group of polyploid and cryptic species within the genus Pleurodema (Vaira et al. 2012), along with P. cordobae (octoploid, from Sierras de Comenchingones, Córdoba) and P. bibroni (tetraploid, from Uruguay and southern Brazil).

Valetti et al. (2009) redescribed the species and differentiated it from P. cordobae and P. bibroni." 57290,Pleurodema nebulosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,nebulosum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1861)", 57292,Pleurodema tucumanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,tucumanum,,,,,"Parker, 1927", 57333,Telmatobius contrerasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,contrerasi,,,,,"Cei, 1977", 57340,Telmatobius hauthali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,hauthali,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1895", 57343,Telmatobius hypselocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,hypselocephalus,,,,,"Lavilla & Laurent, 1989", 57353,Telmatobius oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,oxycephalus,,,,,"Vellard, 1946", 57355,Telmatobius pinguiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,pinguiculus,,,,,"Lavilla & Laurent, 1989", 57357,Telmatobius platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,platycephalus,,,,,"Lavilla & Laurent, 1989", 57359,Telmatobius schreiteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,schreiteri,,,,,"Vellard, 1946", 57363,Telmatobius stephani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,stephani,,,,,"Laurent, 1973", 57811,Elachistocleis skotogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,skotogaster,,,,,"Lavilla, Vaira & Ferrari, 2003", 61776,Boana cordobae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,cordobae,,,,,"(Barrio, 1965)","This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Hyla pulchella by Faivovich et al. (2004). This species was previously within the genus Hyla, then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017)." 88332331,Boana riojana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,riojana,,,,,"(Koslowsky, 1895)","It was previously within the genus Hypsiboas, recently considered to be a junior synonym of Boana, and therefore transferred to this genus (Faivovich et al. 2005, Dubois 2017). Köhler et al. (2010), in accordance with Faivovich et al. (2004), Faivovich et al. (2005) and Koscinski et al. (2008), considered Boana riojana (Hypsiboas riojanus) nested within nominal Boana andinus (Hypsiboas andina) and considered them conspecifics. Pinheiro et al. (2019) indicate that the holotype of Boana varelae is conspecific with Boana riojana and corrected the type locality of Boana varelae to ""Horco Molle, Yerba Buena, Tucuman, Argentina""." 78520090,Melanophryniscus estebani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,estebani,,,,,"Céspedez, 2008","This species may be a synonym of M. stelzneri, further taxonomic work is needed to establish the taxonomic status of both species (D. Baldo pers. comm. October 2017)" 78585291,Rhinella bernardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,bernardoi,,,,,"Sanabria, Quiroga, Arias & Cortez, 2010", 88992858,Rhinella spinulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,spinulosa,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)","This is a restricted concept of Rhinella spinulosa following the split of the broader concept into this and R. arequipensis (Cei 1972). More than one species might be involved in Rhinella spinulosa. The form Rhinella spinulosa papillosa of Chile and Argentina is often considered distinct, but is not treated as such here." 178639,Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,cyanolaemus,,,,,"Inger & Hosmer, 1965", 11201,Neniatlanta pauli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Neniatlanta,pauli,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1865)", 170393,Draco cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,cornutus,,,,,"Günther, 1864","Draco affinis Bartlett, 1895 is probably a junior synonym of D. cornutus (McGuire and Kiew 2001), and this treatment is followed here." 44712377,Zeuneriana marmorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Zeuneriana,marmorata,,,,,"(Fieber, 1853)","The species Zeuneriana amplipennis occurs in the eastern Balkans. As the species is morphologically quite similar to Z. marmorata, the status of both species needs to be studied.
" 178293,Lamprolepis nieuwenhuisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lamprolepis,nieuwenhuisi,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1905)","

Greer (1970) noted ""the two Bornean species of Lamprolepis ... are extremely closely related, perhaps even conspecific"". As both species are very poorly-known it has been difficult to test this hypothesis, however a preliminary analysis of scutellation by M. Auliya in 2003 ""revealed various similarities"" (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2018). Subsequently, further specimens of L. vyneri have been obtained from three newly-reported localities (Das 2004, Auliya 2006, R. Bonke unpubl. data 2006). Research is underway to clarify the relationships between Bornean Lamprolepis, and it is likely that this will reveal that L. nieuwenhuissi is a junior synonym of L. vyneri (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2017).

" 101741020,Lamprolepis vyneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lamprolepis,vyneri,,,,,"Shelford, 1905","Greer (1970) noted ""the two Bornean species of Lamprolepis ... are extremely closely related, perhaps even conspecific"". As both species are very poorly-known it has been difficult to test this hypothesis, however a preliminary analysis of scutellation by M. Auliya in 2003 ""revealed various similarities"" (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2018). Subsequently, further specimens of L. vyneri have been obtained from three newly-reported localities (Das 2004, Auliya 2006, R. Bonke unpubl. data 2006). Research is underway to clarify the relationships between Bornean Lamprolepis, and it is likely that this will reveal that L. nieuwenhuissi is a junior synonym of L. vyneri (M. Auliya pers. comm. 2017)." 101741031,Lamprolepis leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lamprolepis,leucosticta,,,,,"(Müller, 1923)", 101741429,Cyrtodactylus consobrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,consobrinus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 101741721,Cyrtodactylus durio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,durio,,,,,"Grismer, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Chan, Grismer & Ahmad, 2010", 101742205,Cyrtodactylus elok,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,elok,,,,,"Dring, 1979", 101742261,Cyrtodactylus guakanthanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,guakanthanensis,,,,,"Grismer, Belabut, Quah, Chan, Wood & Hasim, 2014", 101742312,Cyrtodactylus ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,ingeri,,,,,"Hikida, 1990", 101742350,Cyrtodactylus jarakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,jarakensis,,,,,"Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood & Belabut, 2008", 101742396,Cyrtodactylus jelawangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,jelawangensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Mohamed, Chan, Sumarli, Loredo & Heinz, 2014", 1541,Anomalopus mackayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Anomalopus,mackayi,,,,,"Greer & Cogger, 1985","The northern and southern populations exhibit some ecological differences, and further research is recommended to determine whether this reflects taxonomic differences (G. Shea, H. Cogger and M. Greenlees pers. comm. 2017)." 1921,Aprasia pseudopulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,pseudopulchella,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 5106,Coeranoscincus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Coeranoscincus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 5862,Ctenotus zastictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,zastictus,,,,,"Storr, 1984", 6315,Delma impar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,impar,,,,,"(Fischer, 1882)", 6316,Delma labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,labialis,,,,,"Shea, 1986", 6317,Delma torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,torquata,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 7040,Liopholis kintorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,kintorei,,,,,"(Stirling & Zietz, 1893)", 8187,Eulamprus leuraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,leuraensis,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1984", 11804,Lerista allanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,allanae,,,,,"(Longmann, 1937)", 11805,Lerista vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,vittata,,,,,"Greer, McDonald & Lawrie, 1983", 15361,Ophidiocephalus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Ophidiocephalus,taeniatus,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1897", 16069,Paradelma orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Paradelma,orientalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 21902,Tiliqua adelaidensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tiliqua,adelaidensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 29448,Ctenotus rimacolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,rimacolus,,,,,"Horner & Fisher, 1998", 40796,Oligosoma lichenigerum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,lichenigerum,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1874)","There is unpublished morphological and genetic data suggesting that the Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Islands populations represent distinct species (R. Bray unpubl. data). Until this work is formally published, this account retains the traditional concept of Oligosoma lichenigerum." 62244,Aprasia rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,rostrata,,,,,"Parker, 1956","The typical subspecies Aprasia rostrata rostrata was listed previously on the IUCN Red List, but as the other subspecies A. r. fusca Storr, 1979 is now recognized as a good species, the typical subspecies now becomes a full species." 62245,Liopholis pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,pulchra,,,,,"(Werner, 1910)", 62246,Egernia stokesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,stokesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",This species is undergoing revision. 62249,Eulamprus tympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,tympanum,,,,,"(Lönnberg & Andersson, 1915)", 176186,Nactus pelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,pelagicus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)","Zug et al. (1998) indicated that Nactus pelagicus is the name properly attributable to unisexual populations found primarily in the Oceanian region, and revalidated the names N. eboracensis and N. cheverti for bisexual populations. The taxonomy of asexual populations currently assigned to N. pelagicus has not subsequently been investigated to confirm that these are all referrable to a single species." 178030,Varanus primordius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,primordius,,,,,"Mertens, 1942", 178031,Varanus rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,rosenbergi,,,,,"Mertens, 1957",This species has a disjunct distribution and animals in eastern populations have much longer tails than those in western populations; this may imply that this species in fact comprises at least two different species (E. Pianka pers. comm.). 178174,Ctenotus burbidgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,burbidgei,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 178180,Lerista taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,taeniata,,,,,"Storr, 1986", 178197,Lerista kennedyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,kennedyensis,,,,,"Kendrick, 1989", 178239,Menetia concinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Menetia,concinna,,,,,"Sadlier, 1984", 178280,Lerista elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,elongata,,,,,"Storr, 1990", 178334,Saproscincus czechurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,czechurai,,,,,"(Ingram & Rawlinson, 1981)", 178345,Lerista vermicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,vermicularis,,,,,"Storr, 1982", 178365,Pseudemoia baudini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudemoia,baudini,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 178369,Delma fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,fraseri,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 178370,Praeteropus gowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Praeteropus,gowi,,,,,"(Greer & Cogger, 1985)", 178378,Morethia boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,boulengeri,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1890)", 178394,Ctenotus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,helenae,,,,,"Storr, 1969","A recent genetic study by Rabosky et al. (2014) found Ctenotus robustus, formerly understood to be a wide-ranging Australian and New Guinean species, to be a polyphyletic species consisting of at least two major clades in Australia (genetic studies of New Guinean and Cape York populations have not been undertaken - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Accordingly, Rabosky et al. (2014) synonymized eastern populations within C. spaldingi and applied the name C. robustus to a clade containing Northern Territory and Western Australian populations.

While this treatment resolved paraphyly within C. robustus, both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues remain, as the resulting concepts of C. spaldingli and C. robustus cannot be distinguished morphologically (Rabosky et al. 2014 did not fully redescribe either species, and their comparative diagnosis provided no distinguishing characters other than a slight difference in size) . Additionally, in view of uncertainty over the provenance of the C. robustus holotype (Rabosky et al. 2014), it is uncertain to which clade the name C. robustus properly belongs (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017).

In order to retain taxonomic stability pending resolution of these issues, this account adopts a traditional concept of C. robustus as a widespread Australian species following Cogger (2014), while noting that at least two species are likely to be included under this name." 178400,Carlia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,gracilis,,,,,"Storr, 1974",Populations from east Arnhem land show differentiation and are poorly surveyed (C. Moritz pers. comm. 2017). 178431,Ctenotus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,inornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","This is a complex of several species that is currently under revision. Rabosky et al. (2014) found that Ctenotus inornatus as presently understood is only poorly distinguishable from several other species on the basis of genetic data, and proposed wide-ranging taxonomic changes to resolve this issue, including subsuming five recognized species (helenae, brachyonyx, severus, saxatilis and fallens) within the synonymy of C. inornatus. These authors acknowledged that this complex requires consideration of further genetic and morphological material and, while noting that ""there is no evidence that any supposedly diagnostic characters for the forms are grounded in phylogenetic reality"", they do not support the proposed synonymies with morphological comparisons.  Additionally, their mitochondrial (but not cytochrome b) data cluster in accordance with the original species concepts proposed for the Western Australian taxa, with a distinct lineage comprising morphologically confusing central Australian populations (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)

Given the complexity of the taxonomic issues involved and the need for further resolution, this assessment retains a traditional concept of C. inornatus following Cogger (2014), and recognizes C. helenae, C. brachyonyx, C. fallens, C. severus and C. saxatilis as valid pending further investigation of these proposed synonymies." 178448,Ctenotus leonhardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,leonhardii,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1919)", 178457,Lerista walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,walkeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 178465,Carlia dogare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,dogare,,,,,"Covacevich & Ingram, 1975", 178475,Eulamprus heatwolei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,heatwolei,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1983", 178485,Egernia rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,rugosa,,,,,"De Vis, 1888", 178503,Ctenotus gemmula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,gemmula,,,,,"Storr, 1974", 178510,Lerista stylis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,stylis,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1955)", 178520,Liopholis whitii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,whitii,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1804)","This species has two subspecies: Liopholis whitii whitii (Lacépède, 1804) and L. whitii moniligera (Duméril & Bibron, 1839)." 178525,Liopholis inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,inornata,,,,,"(Rosén, 1905)", 178537,Cyclodomorphus celatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,celatus,,,,,"Shea & Miller, 1995", 178540,Egernia kingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,kingii,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 178559,Lygisaurus sesbrauna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,sesbrauna,,,,,"Ingram & Covacevich, 1988", 178580,Lerista onsloviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,onsloviana,,,,,"Storr, 1984", 178587,Praeteropus brevicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Praeteropus,brevicollis,,,,,"(Greer & Cogger, 1985)", 178593,Eremiascincus brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,brongersmai,,,,,"(Storr, 1972)", 178595,Emoia nativitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,nativitatis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 178614,Ctenotus allotropis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,allotropis,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 178616,Hemiergis quadrilineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hemiergis,quadrilineatum,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 178623,Pseudemoia pagenstecheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudemoia,pagenstecheri,,,,,"(Lindholm, 1901)","Three genetic lineages are known: one isolated in Guyra in northern New South Wales; one in the Victorian High Country to the New England Tablelands; and one in the Victorian Volcanic Plains and Tasmania (G. Shea, Wapstra, E., Clemann, N., Hutchinson, M. and P. Robertson pers. comm. 2017)." 178626,Carlia tetradactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,tetradactyla,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1879)", 178649,Ctenotus gagudju,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,gagudju,,,,,"Sadlier, Wombey & Braithwaite, 1986", 178677,Lerista allochira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,allochira,,,,,"Kendrick, 1989", 178688,Lerista connivens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,connivens,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 178731,Liopholis striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,striata,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1919)", 125050413,Hemiergis decresiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hemiergis,decresiensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Three subspecies erected by Copland (1946) are still sometimes recognized by non-systematists, but these are not thought to be valid and Hemiergis decresiensis is consequently considered to be monotypic (M. Hutchinson pers. comm. 2017)." 178740,Liburnascincus scirtetis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liburnascincus,scirtetis,,,,,"(Ingram & Covacevich, 1980)", 42485703,Varanus doreanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,doreanus,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 42485751,Varanus prasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,prasinus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)", 47155248,Lygisaurus zuma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,zuma,,,,,"Couper, 1993", 83777229,Varanus acanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,acanthurus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","Three subspecies are presently recognized: Varanus acanthurus acanthurus Boulenger, 1885, V. a. brachyurus Sternfeld, 1919 and V. a. insulanicus Mertens, 1958." 83777354,Varanus baritji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,baritji,,,,,"King & Horner, 1987", 83777390,Varanus brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,brevicauda,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 83777621,Varanus caudolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,caudolineatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 83777752,Varanus eremius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,eremius,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1895", 83777786,Varanus giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,giganteus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 83778099,Varanus glebopalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,glebopalma,,,,,"Mitchell, 1955", 83778110,Varanus gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,gouldii,,,,,"Gray, 1838","This species has two recognized subspecies: Varanus gouldii gouldii, found throughout continental Australia except the arid interior; and V. g. flavirufus found in the arid interior of Australia (Cogger 2014)." 83778155,Varanus hamersleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,hamersleyensis,,,,,"Maryan, Oliver, Fitch & O’Connell, 2014", 83778172,Varanus keithhornei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,keithhornei,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 83778181,Varanus kingorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,kingorum,,,,,"Storr, 1980", 83778246,Varanus mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,mertensi,,,,,"Glauert, 1951", 83778268,Varanus mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,mitchelli,,,,,"Mertens, 1958", 83778365,Varanus pilbarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,pilbarensis,,,,,"Storr, 1980","This species has recently been split, removing the new species Varanus hamersleyensis (Maryan et al. 2014)" 83778770,Varanus semiremex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,semiremex,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 83778858,Varanus sparnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,sparnus,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley, Fitch & Donnellan, 2014", 83778868,Varanus spenceri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,spenceri,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1903", 83778907,Varanus storri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,storri,,,,,"Mertens, 1966",Unpublished morphological and genetic analysis suggest that the three isolated populations of this species represent distinct taxa (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 83778959,Varanus timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,timorensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","The taxonomy of Varanus timorensis and V. auffenbergi from Roti Island is unresolved, and the occurrence of V. timorensis on this island is in need of clarification (E. Arida and S. Reilly pers. comm. 2019). Unpublished data suggest that V. auffenbergi represents a subspecies of V. timorensis (A. Koch pers. comm. 2019)." 83779050,Varanus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,tristis,,,,,"Schlegel, 1839", 83779090,Varanus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,varius,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 101752419,Cyrtodactylus langkawiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,langkawiensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012", 101752494,Cyrtodactylus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,lateralis,,,,,"(Werner, 1896)", 178259,Proablepharus reginae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proablepharus,reginae,,,,,"(Glauert, 1960)", 178407,Acritoscincus trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acritoscincus,trilineatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 83776720,Liasis olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Liasis,olivaceus,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 178275,Carlia rubrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,rubrigularis,,,,,"Ingram & Covacevich, 1989", 178557,Lucasium byrnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,byrnei,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1896)", 178665,Eulamprus luteilateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,luteilateralis,,,,,"(Covacevich & McDonald, 1980)","The appropriate generic name for Sphenomorphus luteilateralis is subject to some dispute. Skinner et al. (2013) erected the monotypic genus Tumbunasincus for this species (at that time included within Eulamprus) as part of a wide-ranging effort to resolve paraphyly among Australian sphenomorphine skinks. It has subsequently been included within Concinnia on morphological grounds (Cogger 2014) or Magmellia (followed most recently by Wilson 2015). This latter name was coined by Wells (2009), and as such Tumbunasincus is a junior synonym (Cogger 2014), however there is controversy over the acceptance of Magmellia as a valid name (Kaiser et al. 2013, Cogger 2014). These accounts take the conservative approach of retaining both this species, and the related E. murrayi/E. tryoni clade (which has been given the name Silvascincus or Karma), within Eulamprus pending resolution of both nomenclatural issues and relationships between these taxa, as genetic and morphological data are ""not yet fully in agreement"" (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)" 101754194,Cyrtodactylus leegrismeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,leegrismeri,,,,,"Chan & Norhayati, 2010","Following examination of additional specimens of Cyrtodactylus leegrismeri, Grismer et al. (2015) concluded that characters considered diagnostic for C. thocuensis are more variable within C. leegrismeri than previously recognized, and as such cannot be considered reliable. These authors consequently synonymized C. thocuensis within C. leegrismeri." 101754287,Cyrtodactylus macrotuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,macrotuberculatus,,,,,"Grismer & Ahmad, 2008", 101754336,Cyrtodactylus malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,malayanus,,,,,"(De Rooij, 1915)", 101754410,Cyrtodactylus matsuii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,matsuii,,,,,"Hikida, 1990", 101754514,Cyrtodactylus metropolis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,metropolis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Chan, Anuar & Muin, 2014", 101754523,Cyrtodactylus pantiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,pantiensis,,,,,"Grismer, Chan, Grismer, Wood & Belabut, 2008", 101754534,Cyrtodactylus payacola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,payacola,,,,,"Johnson, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Wood, Grismer, Greer, Chan, Ahmad, Bauer & Grismer, 2012", 101754561,Cyrtodactylus peguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,peguensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)",There are two recognized subspecies: C. p. peguensis and C. p. zebraicus. 3622,Calomyscus tsolovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,tsolovi,,,,,"Peshev, 1991", 101949735,Cyrtodactylus pubisulcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,pubisulcus,,,,,"Inger, 1958", 101949746,Cyrtodactylus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,pulchellus,,,,,"Gray, 1827","The taxonomic history of Cyrtodactylus pulchellus is summarized by Grismer et al. (2016). This species was described from Pulau Penang based on a small number of characters by Cantor (1847), and the name was subsequently widely applied for populations on nearby islands and the Malay Peninsula (Grismer et al. 2016). Over the past decade, subpopulations outside Penang have been described as distinct species (summarized in Grismer et al. 2016), restricting C. pulchellus sensu stricto to this island." 101949760,Cyrtodactylus semenanjungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,semenanjungensis,,,,,"Grismer & Leong, 2005", 101949771,Cyrtodactylus sharkari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,sharkari,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Mohamed, Chan, Sumarli, Loredo & Heinz, 2014", 101949782,Cyrtodactylus stresemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,stresemanni,,,,,"Rösler & Glaw, 2008","The provenance of the Cyrtodactylus stresemanni holotype - which Grismer (2011) describes as ""bizarre"" - is doubted, and may not have been taken in Peninsular Malaysia, as it more closely resembles species found east of the Wallace Line than other Malaysian taxa and the identification of the type locality is based on the specimen label rather than the correspondence of the collector (Harvey et al. 2016). These authors recommend that future comparative diagnoses of newly-recognized Wallacean or Papuan Cyrtodactylus include C. stresemanni rather than ""dismiss it as a Sunda Shelf species""." 101949793,Cyrtodactylus tebuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tebuensis,,,,,"Grismer, Anuar, Muin, Quah & Wood, 2013", 101949805,Cyrtodactylus timur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,timur,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Mohamed, Chan, Sumarli, Loredo & Heinz, 2014", 101949823,Cyrtodactylus trilatofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,trilatofasciatus,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012", 101949835,Cyrtodactylus yoshii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,yoshii,,,,,"Hikida, 1990", 101949938,Hemiphyllodactylus bintik,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,bintik,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Chan, Sumarli & Loredo, 2015", 101949957,Hemiphyllodactylus banaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,banaensis,,,,,"Ngo Van Tri, Grismer, Thai & Wood 2014", 101949968,Hemiphyllodactylus changningensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,changningensis,,,,,"Guo, Zhou, Yan & Li, 2015", 101949992,Hemiphyllodactylus chiangmaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,chiangmaiensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood & Cota, 2014", 101950005,Hemiphyllodactylus cicak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,cicak,,,,,"Cobos, Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar & Muin, 2016", 101950059,Hemiphyllodactylus engganoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,engganoensis,,,,,"Grismer, Riyanto, Iskandar & Mcguire, 2014", 101950071,Hemiphyllodactylus harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,harterti,,,,,"(Werner, 1900)", 101950098,Hemiphyllodactylus huishuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,huishuiensis,,,,,"Yan, Lin, Guo, Li & Zhou, 2016", 101950152,Hemiphyllodactylus kiziriani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,kiziriani,,,,,"Nguyen, Botov, Le Duc, Nophaseud, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2014", 101950226,Hemiphyllodactylus larutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,larutensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","This species has historically been confused in the literature with, and variously considered a junior synonym of, Hemiphyllodactylus harterti, a situation further complicated by the fact that two morphologically distinct populations, one matching the holotype of H. harterti and the other the type of H. larutensis, occur in closely adjacent areas of Bukit Larut (Grismer et al. 2013). Molecular phylogenetics support recognition of H. larutensis as a distinct, valid species (Grismer et al. 2013)" 101950252,Hemiphyllodactylus margarethae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,margarethae,,,,,"Brongersma, 1931", 101950269,Hemiphyllodactylus tehtarik,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,tehtarik,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Muin, Quah, McGuire, Brown, van Tri & Thai, 2013", 101950282,Hemiphyllodactylus titiwangsaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,titiwangsaensis,,,,,"Zug, 2010", 101950314,Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","Grismer et al. (2013) proposed elevating the subspecies Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis dushanensis, H. y. jingpingensis and H. j. longlingensis to full species on the basis of molecular evidence that these lineages were not one another's closest relatives. Although these authors conducted no morphological analysis and there is some overlap in the characters they provide (Uetz et al. 2019), this arrangement has since been accepted by other authors working on Hemiphyllodactylus (see synonym list in Uetz et al. 2019), none of which have, however, discussed these taxa in detail. Morphological diagnosis is often difficult within this genus but the existence of a lineage endemic to eastern Yunnan (i.e. the concept of H. yunnanensis applied by Grismer et al. 2013) is consistent with known patterns of diversity in this group (A. Bauer pers. comm. 2019)  This account consequently provisionally accepts H. yunnanensis, H. dushanensis, H. jingpingensis and H. longlingensis as full species." 101950393,Hemiphyllodactylus zugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,zugi,,,,,"Nguyen, Lehmann, Le Duc, Duong, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2013", 101950477,Luperosaurus angliit,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,angliit,,,,,"Brown, Diesmos & Oliveros, 2011","Several historical specimens in European museums that Brown et al. (2011) assign to this species - which had previously been mistakenly considered to represent juveniles of Luperosaurus cumingii - are poorly-preserved or immature, and their assignment to this species must therefore be considered tentative (Brown et al. 2011).

One museum specimen with imprecise locality data is presumed to represent a record of this species from Camiguin Norte, from which recent collections have confirmed L. angliit occurs (Brown et al. 2011). It had previously been suggested that this specimen was taken on Camiguin Sur and surveys of this island are needed to determine whether a related species occurs here (Brown et al. 2011)." 101950492,Luperosaurus brooksii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,brooksii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)", 101950511,Gekko browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,browni,,,,,"(Russell, 1979)", 101950608,Gekko sorok,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,sorok,,,,,"(Das, Lakim & Kandaung, 2008)", 101950693,Gekko bannaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,bannaense,,,,,"(Wang, Wang & Liu, 2016)", 101950709,Gekko kaengkrachanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,kaengkrachanense,,,,,"(Sumontha, Pauwels, Kunya, Limlikhitaksorn, Ruksue, Taokratok, Ansermet & Chanhome, 2012)", 101950722,Gekko kuhli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,kuhli,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1902)","Gekko kuhli is the most widespread member of the subgenus Ptyvhozoon and molecular research by Brown et al. (2012) found that nine lineages, and five potentially species-level clades, could be identified throughout this species' range, corresponding to different island groups (Sumatra and Enggano; Borneo and Sulawesi; and a clade of unknown provenance possibly from Java) together with two distinct clades in Peninsular Malaysia. Genetic divergence was found to be greater than that between most recently-recognised species of cryptic geckos (Brown et al. 2012). At present no wide-ranging morphological analysis has been carried out on G. kuhli, most of the proposed lineages were supported by a small number of genetic samples, and available material from island populations may be insufficient to resolve the systematics of this widespread species (Brown et al. 2012). Consequently it is not clear whether island forms should be treated as specifically distinct (D.T. Iskandar pers. comm. 2017)." 101950777,Gekko rhacophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,rhacophorus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899", 101950792,Gekko trinotaterra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,trinotaterra,,,,,"(Brown, 1999)", 170375,Aphaniotis fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Aphaniotis,fusca,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 89580530,Harvengia vietnamita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Harvengia,vietnamita,,,,,"Ferrer, 2004","

Harvengia vietnamita is a remarkable blind species, very isolated phyletically, for which the genus Harvengia and the subtribe Harvengina has been erected (Ferrer 2004). It has therefore to be considered as one of the most remarkable endemic species of Hon Chong, and a major issue regarding biodiversity conservation. Further taxonomic analyses are needed to decide if the subpopulation in the northern hills are distinct of those from the southern hill from where holotype was described. For now they are considered the same species.

" 102149327,Chamalycaeus mixtus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ALYCAEIDAE,Chamalycaeus,mixtus,,,,,"Zilch, 1957","Currently this species belongs to the genus Chamalycaeus. A taxonomic revision of the family Alycaeidae is currently underway, which may result in C. micronus being moved to an independent genus (B. Páll-Gergely pers. comm. 2016)." 102149361,Chamalycaeus microconus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ALYCAEIDAE,Chamalycaeus,microconus,,,,,"(Möllendorff, 1887)","Currently this species belongs to the genus Chamalycaeus. A taxonomic revision of the family Alycaeidae is currently underway, which may result in C. micronus being moved to an independent genus (B. Páll-Gergely pers. comm 2016)." 102325554,Lerista vanderduysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,vanderduysi,,,,,"Amey, Couper & Worthington Wilmer, 2016", 102325667,Lerista hobsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,hobsoni,,,,,"Amey, Couper & Worthington Wilmer, 2016",This species was split from Lerista cinerea in 2016 (Couper et al. 2016). 102327291,Cryptoblepharus egeriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,egeriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 15932,Pan paniscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HOMINIDAE,Pan,paniscus,,,,,"Schwarz, 1929","

The Bonobo is also known as the Gracile Chimpanzee; formerly it was known as Pygmy Chimpanzee and Dwarf Chimpanzee. Population genetics suggest that Bonobos have a stable population history (Eriksson et al. 2004, Schubert et al. 2013), and that gene flow between populations is constrained by the larger riverine barriers (although Bonobos regularly enter water, they do not swim).

" 178424,Takydromus sexlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,sexlineatus,,,,,"Daudin, 1802","Takydromus sexlineatus ocellatus is sometimes treated as a full species. Additional hidden diversity may exist within this widespread species, at least in Myanmar where at least one cryptic species is thought to exist within this complex (G. Wogan unpubl. data).

Takydromus quadrilineatus Daudin, 1802 [= T. sexlineatus Daudin, 1802] is the type species of the genus Takydromus Daudin, 1802.

Tachydromus sikkimensis Günther, 1888 has been removed from the synonymy of T. sexlineatus." 102342190,Takydromus formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,formosanus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 102342200,Takydromus hsuehshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,hsuehshanensis,,,,,"Lin & Cheng, 1981", 102342208,Takydromus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,intermedius,,,,,"Stejneger, 1924", 102342287,Takydromus khasiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,khasiensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1917", 102342299,Takydromus luyeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,luyeanus,,,,,"Lue & Lin, 2008", 102342307,Takydromus madaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,madaensis,,,,,"Bobrov, 2013", 102342459,Takydromus sauteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,sauteri,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1909", 102342469,Takydromus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 102342482,Takydromus sikkimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,sikkimensis,,,,,"Günther, 1888", 102342517,Takydromus stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,stejnegeri,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1912", 102342526,Takydromus sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,sylvaticus,,,,,"(Pope, 1928)", 102342563,Takydromus viridipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,viridipunctatus,,,,,"Lue & Lin, 2008", 102342572,Lanthanotus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LANTHANOTIDAE,Lanthanotus,borneensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1878","Reviewed by McDowell and Bogert (1954), McDowell (1967), Mertens (1961) and Underwood (1957). Based on a study of the structure of the ears, McDowell (1967) considered the family to be closely related to the extinct Mosasauridae from the Cretaceous and Rieppel (1983) showed that the only living species in the family, Lanthanotus borneensis (Steindachner, 1878), exhibits no special similarities with primitive snakes in his study of cranial structure. Rieppel (1980) showed that the genus Lanthanotus Steindachner, 1878, forms the sister-taxon of Varanus, the two lineages together forming the sister-taxon of the New World Heloderma." 102342762,Brachymeles apus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,apus,,,,,"Hikida, 1982", 102342933,Dasia johnsinghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,johnsinghi,,,,,"Harikrishnan, Vasudevan, De Silva, Deepak, Kar, Naniwadekar, Lalremruata, Prasoona & Aggarwal, 2012", 102343154,Dasia vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,vittata,,,,,"(Edeling, 1865)","This is the type species of the monotypic genus Apterygodon, which is closely allied with Dasia and has frequently been treated as a junior synonym following Smith (1937). Greer (1970) opined that ""the differences [between the genera] do serve to justify the generic separation of the two taxa"". The name Apterygodon vittatum (or A. vittatus) is still used by several authors, although molecular results obtained by Honda et al. (2000) and Mausfeld and Schmitz (2003) suggest a low level of genetic differentiation between the two genera and the latter authors consequently synonymized Apterygodon within Dasia." 102345387,Eutropis darevskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,darevskii,,,,,"(Bobrov, 1992)", 102345774,Eutropis longicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,longicaudata,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1857)", 102345877,Eutropis macrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,macrophthalma,,,,,"(Mausfeld & Böhme, 2002)","In a combined morphological and molecular analysis of the Eutropis multifasciata complex, Amarasinghe et al. (2018) concluded that Eutropis grandis represents a junior synonym of E. macrophthalma. This has implications for the distribution of this taxon; Amarasinghe et al. (2018) consider it likely that the E. macrophthalma type locality on Java is in error, and that the holotype - which falls genetically within samples of E. grandis from Sulawesi - was in fact collected on the latter island." 102345892,Eutropis quadratilobus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,quadratilobus,,,,,"(Bauer & Günther, 1992)", 102345922,Eutropis rugifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,rugifera,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)", 102346161,Larutia larutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,larutensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 102346280,Larutia penangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,penangensis,,,,,"Grismer, Huat, Siler, Chan, Wood, Grismer, Sah & Ahmad, 2011", 102346291,Larutia puehensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,puehensis,,,,,"Grismer, Leong & Yaakob, 2003", 102346303,Larutia seribuatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,seribuatensis,,,,,"Grismer, Leong & Yaakob, 2003", 102346315,Larutia trifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,trifasciata,,,,,"(Tweedie, 1940)", 102346458,Lipinia sekayuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,sekayuensis,,,,,"Grismer, Ismail, Awang, Rizal & Ahmad, 2014", 102346884,Scincella reevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,reevesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)",Scincella reevesii and S. rufocaudatus form a species complex whose systematics remain unresolved and are presently being investigated (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). 102347048,Sphenomorphus alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,alfredi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 102347171,Sphenomorphus anomalopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,anomalopus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 102347300,Sphenomorphus cameronicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,cameronicus,,,,,"Smith, 1924", 102347313,Tytthoscincus cophias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,cophias,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 102347434,Sphenomorphus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,crassus,,,,,"Inger, Lian, Lakin & Yambun, 2001", 102347555,Sphenomorphus haasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,haasi,,,,,"Inger & Hosmer, 1965", 102347595,Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,kinabaluensis,,,,,"(Bartlett, 1895)", 102347892,Sphenomorphus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,maculatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1853)", 102348579,Sphenomorphus maculicollus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,maculicollus,,,,,"Bacon, 1967", 102348777,Sphenomorphus malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,malayanus,,,,,"(Doria, 1888)","Sphenomorphus malayanus has been considered to occur on the Malay Peninsula since Boulenger (1912) reported two specimens from the Titiwangsa Mountain Range, and this opinion was upheld in the first comparative analysis of Indonesian and Malaysian specimens despite some morphological differences (Lim 1998). Grismer (2011) subsequently suggested that these differences may be significant based on differences in the described characters and raised the possibility that these populations may not be conspecific, although without examining specimens.

Grismer and Quah (2015) reported an unknown skink from the Cameron Highlands - 56 km of Gunung Gerah, the sole confirmed Malaysian locality for S. malayanus - which resembled both Malay and Indonesian specimens of S. malayanus, but ""differs even further ... from the description of the Sumatran holotype"". These authors described this specimen as the new species S. senja, and referred the Gunung Gerah specimen to this species." 102348971,Sphenomorphus multisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,multisquamatus,,,,,"Inger, 1958", 102348979,Sphenomorphus murudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,murudensis,,,,,"Smith, 1925", 102349004,Sphenomorphus praesignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,praesignis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","The sole Thai record of this species is from a site where Sphenomorphus tersus is also known to occur, and it is therefore possible that this represents a misidentification (N. Panitvong pers. comm. 2017)." 102349075,Sphenomorphus sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,sabanus,,,,,"Inger, 1958", 102349122,Sphenomorphus sanctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,sanctus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 102349167,Sphenomorphus senja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,senja,,,,,"Grismer & Quah, 2015","Sphenomorphus malayanus has been considered to occur on the Malay Peninsula since Boulenger (1912) reported two specimens from the Titiwangsa Mountain Range, and this opinion was upheld in the first comparative analysis of Indonesian and Malaysian specimens despite some morphological differences (Lim 1998). Grismer (2011) subsequently suggested that these differences may be significant based on differences in the described characters and raised the possibility that these populations may not be conspecific, although without examining specimens. 
Grismer and Quah (2015) reported an unknown skink from the Cameron Highlands - 56 km of Gunung Gerah, the sole confirmed Malaysian locality for S. malayanus - which resembled both Malay and Indonesian specimens of S. malayanus, but ""differs even further ... from the description of the Sumatran holotype"". These authors described this specimen as the new species S. senja, and referred the Gunung Gerah specimen to this species." 102349198,Sphenomorphus shelfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,shelfordi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 102349266,Sphenomorphus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,stellatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 102349335,Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tanahtinggi,,,,,"Inger, Lian, Lakin & Yambun, 2001", 102349354,Sphenomorphus tenuiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tenuiculus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)", 102349398,Sphenomorphus tersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tersus,,,,,"(Smith, 1916)", 102349408,Tropidophorus beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,beccarii,,,,,"Peters, 1871","Tropidophorus mocquardi has long been treated as a junior synonym of T. beccarii (Smith 1923, upheld by Manthey 1983 and Malkmus et al. 2002). It is retained as a valid entry by Uetz and Hallerman (2017), the basis for which is unclear." 102349419,Tropidophorus brookei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,brookei,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 102349434,Tropidophorus micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,micropus,,,,,"Lidth de Jeude, 1905","Pui and Das (2017) reported a discrepancy in the number of midbody scale rows compared with the original description, but noted that this is a character that exhibits interpopulation variation within Tropidophorus." 102349444,Tropidophorus perplexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,perplexus,,,,,"Barbour, 1921", 102349461,Tytthoscincus aesculeticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,aesculeticola,,,,,"(Inger, Lian, Lakin & Yambun, 2001)", 102349474,Tytthoscincus batupanggah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,batupanggah,,,,,"Karin, Das & Bauer, 2016", 102349485,Tytthoscincus bukitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,bukitensis,,,,,"(Grismer, 2007)",Specimens from the Cameron Highlands previously included within Tytthoscincus bukitensis has recently been assigned to the new species T. jaripendek and to T. cf. kakikecil (Grismer et al. in press). 102349507,Tytthoscincus butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,butleri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)",Molecular analysis by Grismer et al. (in press) found that Tytthoscincus butleri is paraphyletic with respect to the holotype of T. langkawiensis indicates that the population from Langkawi and an undescribed population from Pulau Pinang (=Penang). These authors consequently synonymized T. langkawiensis within T. butleri and referred the Penang population to this species. 102349539,Tytthoscincus hallieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,hallieri,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1905)", 102349622,Tytthoscincus leproauricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,leproauricularis,,,,,"Karin, Das & Bauer, 2016", 102349637,Tytthoscincus panchorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,panchorensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar & Linkem, 2016", 102349673,Tytthoscincus perhentianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,perhentianensis,,,,,"(Grismer, Wood & Grismer, 2009)", 102349735,Tytthoscincus temengorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,temengorensis,,,,,"(Grismer, Ahmad & Chan, 2009)", 180353,Actinopyga agassizi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Actinopyga,agassizi,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)","Actinopyga agassizi is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Muelleria agassizi." 180493,Astichopus multifidus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Astichopus,multifidus,,,,,"(Sluiter, 1910)","Astichopus multifidus may also be known as Stichopus multifidus." 194970,Gnathophis mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,mystax,,,,,"(Delaroche, 1809)", 180225,Eostichopus arnesoni,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Eostichopus,arnesoni,,,,,"Cutress & Miller, 1982","This species may warrant a taxonomic revision, as it may be a synonym or previously confused with Astichopus multifidus (Cutress and Miller 1982)." 180492,Holothuria mexicana,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,mexicana,,,,,"Ludwig, 1875","This species can hybridize with H. floridana in the Florida Keys. The hybrids are viable (Engstrom 1980)." 180374,Holothuria theeli,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Holothuria,theeli,,,,,"Deichmann, 1938",This species is a synonym of Holothuria marenzelleri (Deichmann 1958). 180519,Isostichopus badionotus,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,STICHOPODIDAE,Isostichopus,badionotus,,,,,"(Selenka, 1867)","Isostichopus macroparentheses, Stichopus badionotus, Stichopus macroparentheses and Stichopus moebii may be synonyms for this species." 180430,Labidodemas americanum,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,americanum,,,,,"Deichmann, 1958", 180516,Labidodemas maccullochi,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,HOLOTHUROIDEA,ASPIDOCHIROTIDA,HOLOTHURIIDAE,Labidodemas,maccullochi,,,,,"(Deichmann, 1958)",This species is a synonym of Irenothuria maccullochi and Holothuria maccullochi. 3847,Caracal caracal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Caracal,caracal,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)","The Caracal has been classified variously with Lynx and Felis in the past, but molecular evidence supports a monophyletic genus. It is closely allied with the African Golden Cat (Caracal aurata) and the Serval (Leptailurus serval), having diverged around 8.5 mya (Janczewski et al. 1995, Johnson and O’Brien 1997, Johnson et al. 2006).

Seven subspecies have been recognised in Africa (Smithers 1975), of which two occur in southern Africa: C. c. damarensis from Namibia, the Northern Cape, southern Botswana and southern and central Angola; and the nominate C. c. caracal from the remainder of the species’ range in southern Africa (Meester et al. 1986). According to Stuart and Stuart (2013), however, these subspecies should best be considered as geographical variants." 62148577,Satyrium jebelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Satyrium,jebelia,,,,,"Nakamura, 1975", 102648381,Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,quadrivirgatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1962", 102648396,Cyrtodactylus seribuatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,seribuatensis,,,,,"Youmans & Grismer, 2006", 102648407,Cyrtodactylus tiomanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tiomanensis,,,,,"Das & Lim, 2000", 102649104,Scincella melanosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,melanosticta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 102649306,Scincella apraefrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,apraefrontalis,,,,,"Nguyen, Nguyen, Böhme & Ziegler, 2010", 102649460,Scincella barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,barbouri,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1925)", 102649577,Scincella capitanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,capitanea,,,,,"Ouboter, 1986", 102649678,Scincella darevskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,darevskii,,,,,"Nguyen, Ananjeva, Orlov, Rybaltovsky & Böhme, 2010", 102649689,Scincella devorator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,devorator,,,,,"(Darevsky, Orlov & Cuc, 2004)", 102649742,Scincella doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,doriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 102651771,Scincella formosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,formosensis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1912)", 102656174,Scincella huanrenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,huanrenensis,,,,,"Zhao & Huang, 1982", 102657873,Lipinia inconspicua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,inconspicua,,,,,"(Müller, 1894)", 102658065,Scincella modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,modesta,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 102658089,Scincella ochracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,ochracea,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 102658101,Scincella potanini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,potanini,,,,,"(Günther, 1896)", 102658115,Scincella przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,przewalskii,,,,,"(Bedriaga, 1912)", 102658130,Scincella rara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,rara,,,,,"(Darevsky & Orlov, 1997)","This species was described as the type species of the monotypic genus Paralipinia. This genus was synonymized with Scincella by Greer and Shea (2003), but other authors have continued to regard it as valid following Nguyen et al. (2010), who propose awaiting additional data before accepting this synonymy." 102658158,Scincella rufocaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,rufocaudata,,,,,"(Darevsky & Nguyen Van Sang, 1983)","Scincella reevesii and S. rufocaudata form a species complex whose systematics remain unresolved and are presently being investigated (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). The only recent published treatment of this issue (Neang et al. 2018) investigated the systematics of the rufocaudata complex in part of Cambodia and described a new species, S. nigrofasciata. The molecular phylogeny these authors provide, however, indicates that this new species belongs to the same monophyletic group as sequences assigned to S. rufocaudata, ""S. cf. rupicola"" and those identified by these authors as S. reevesii (which does not correspond to S. reevesii as presently understood - G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). Pending greater resolution of the systematics of this species complex, recognition of S. nigrofasciata - known from a single locality - is considered premature and this assessment retains it within S. rufocaudata." 102658208,Scincella rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,rupicola,,,,,"(Smith, 1916)", 102658398,Scincella schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,schmidti,,,,,"(Barbour, 1927)", 102658473,Scincella tsinlingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,tsinlingensis,,,,,"(Hu & Zhao, 1966)", 102658521,Scincella victoriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,victoriana,,,,,"(Shreve, 1940)", 102658566,Sphenomorphus scotophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,scotophilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 102658648,Tytthoscincus ishaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,ishaki,,,,,"(Grismer, 2006)", 102658834,Tytthoscincus sibuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,sibuensis,,,,,"(Grismer, 2006)","Grismer et al. (2016), tentatively referred records from Singapore to Tytthoscincus sibuensis. Subsequently Grismer et al. (2017) demonstrated that the Singapore population represented a distinct species, which they described as T. temasekensis." 169842,Tytthoscincus atrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,atrigularis,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1908)", 169875,Tytthoscincus biparietalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,biparietalis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1918)", 102660233,Tytthoscincus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,parvus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 102660324,Tytthoscincus temmincki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,temmincki,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 102660390,Tytthoscincus textus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tytthoscincus,textus,,,,,"(Müller, 1894)","This species is species complex, further research needed to clarify its species boundary (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019)." 102661736,Tympanocryptis diabolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,diabolicus,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley, Shoo & Melville, 2015",This species was recently described based on populations previously included within Tympanocryptis cephalus. 102661775,Tympanocryptis fortescuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,fortescuensis,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley, Shoo & Melville, 2015","This species was recently described from populations formerly included within Tympanocryptis cephalus (Doughty et al. 2015). Genetic divergence between this taxon and T. diabolicus is nevertheless low and it exhibits little morphological difference from this taxon, raising some doubt about its validity (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017). The Fortescue River is however a likely barrier to dispersal that justifies provisional recognition of this taxon as a full species (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017)." 102661861,Tympanocryptis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,gigas,,,,,"Mitchell, 1948", 102662098,Tympanocryptis pseudopsephos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Tympanocryptis,pseudopsephos,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley, Shoo & Melville, 2015", 102662435,Amalosia jacovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Amalosia,jacovae,,,,,"(Couper, Keim & Hoskin, 2007)", 102662512,Amalosia lesueurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Amalosia,lesueurii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)", 102662621,Amalosia obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Amalosia,obscura,,,,,"(King, 1985)", 102662658,Amalosia rhombifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Amalosia,rhombifer,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 102662790,Carphodactylus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Carphodactylus,laevis,,,,,"Günther, 1897", 102663586,Nephrurus amyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,amyae,,,,,"Couper, 1994", 102663732,Nephrurus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,asper,,,,,"Günther, 1876", 102663905,Nephrurus laevissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,laevissimus,,,,,"Mertens, 1958", 102663979,Nephrurus sheai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,sheai,,,,,"Couper, 1994", 102664158,Nephrurus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Nephrurus,vertebralis,,,,,"Storr, 1963", 102664470,Phyllurus amnicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,amnicola,,,,,"Couper, Schneider, Hoskin & Covacevich, 2000", 102664500,Phyllurus caudiannulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,caudiannulatus,,,,,"Covacevich, 1975", 102664522,Phyllurus championae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,championae,,,,,"Couper, Schneider, Hoskin & Covacevich, 2000", 102664547,Phyllurus isis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,isis,,,,,"Couper, Covacevich & Moritz, 1993", 102664572,Phyllurus kabikabi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,kabikabi,,,,,"Couper, Hamley & Hoskin, 2008", 102664598,Phyllurus nepthys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,nepthys,,,,,"Couper, Covacevich & Moritz, 1993", 102664624,Phyllurus platurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,platurus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1790)", 102664728,Underwoodisaurus seorsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Underwoodisaurus,seorsus,,,,,"Doughty & Oliver, 2011", 102665067,Crenadactylus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Crenadactylus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 102665118,Diplodactylus ameyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,ameyi,,,,,"Couper & Oliver, 2016", 102672515,Diplodactylus barraganae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,barraganae,,,,,"Couper, Pepper & Oliver, 2014", 102672568,Diplodactylus bilybara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,bilybara,,,,,"Couper, Pepper & Oliver, 2014", 102672629,Diplodactylus calcicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,calcicolus,,,,,"Hutchinson, Doughty & Oliver, 2009", 102672661,Diplodactylus custos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,custos,,,,,"Couper, Pepper & Oliver, 2014", 102672724,Diplodactylus hillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,hillii,,,,,"Longman, 1915", 102672825,Diplodactylus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,laevis,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1925)", 102672865,Diplodactylus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,capensis,,,,,"Doughty, Oliver & Adams, 2008", 102673061,Diplodactylus conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,conspicillatus,,,,,"Lucas & Frost, 1897", 102673135,Diplodactylus fulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,fulleri,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 102673200,Diplodactylus furcosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,furcosus,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 102673307,Diplodactylus galaxias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,galaxias,,,,,"Doughty, Pepper & Keogh, 2010", 102673460,Diplodactylus galeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,galeatus,,,,,"Kluge, 1963", 102673509,Diplodactylus kenneallyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,kenneallyi,,,,,"Storr, 1988",This species could be an aberrant Diplodactylus pulcher (B. Maryan pers. comm. to P. Doughty) 102673546,Diplodactylus klugei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,klugei,,,,,"Aplin & Adams, 1998", 102673634,Diplodactylus lateroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,lateroides,,,,,"Doughty & Oliver, 2013", 102673665,Diplodactylus mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,mitchelli,,,,,"Kluge, 1963", 102673770,Diplodactylus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,nebulosus,,,,,"Doughty & Oliver, 2013", 102673863,Diplodactylus platyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,platyurus,,,,,"Parker, 1926", 102673884,Diplodactylus polyophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,polyophthalmus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 102673945,Diplodactylus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,pulcher,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)", 102674019,Diplodactylus savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,savagei,,,,,"Kluge, 1963", 102674060,Diplodactylus tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,tessellatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Three karyotypically and genetically distinct taxa have been identified within this name, but there are no known morphological differences (Oliver et al. 2009). These authors recommend further research to clarify the taxonomy of this species complex." 102674138,Diplodactylus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,vittatus,,,,,"Gray, 1832", 102674216,Diplodactylus wiru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Diplodactylus,wiru,,,,,"Hutchinson, Doughty & Oliver, 2009", 102674645,Hesperoedura reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Hesperoedura,reticulata,,,,,"(Bustard, 1969)", 102675042,Lucasium alboguttatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,alboguttatum,,,,,"(Werner, 1910)", 102675165,Lucasium bungabinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,bungabinna,,,,,"Doughty & Hutchinson, 2008", 102675235,Lucasium damaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,damaeum,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1896)", 102675334,Lucasium immaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,immaculatum,,,,,"(Storr, 1988)", 102675430,Lucasium maini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,maini,,,,,"(Kluge, 1962)", 102675478,Lucasium occultum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,occultum,,,,,"(King, 1982)", 102675838,Lucasium squarrosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,squarrosum,,,,,"(Kluge, 1962)", 102676284,Lucasium steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,steindachneri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)", 102676817,Lucasium stenodactylum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,stenodactylum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Genetic and morphological studies indicate the existence of multiple species under this name (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 102676891,Lucasium wombeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Lucasium,wombeyi,,,,,"(Storr, 1978)", 102677890,Nebulifera robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Nebulifera,robusta,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)", 102680368,Oedura bella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,bella,,,,,"Oliver & Doughty, 2016", 102680698,Oedura castelnaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,castelnaui,,,,,"(Thominot, 1889)","The name Oedura fracticolor De Vis 1884 has not been used to refer to a valid species since its original description, other than by Wells and Wellington (1985) without justification. The type is apparently lost and its identity is unclear. Hoskin et al. (2018) discuss the history of this name and agree with Oliver and Doughty (2016) that it is likely to be a senior synonym of O. castelnaui. As the name O. castelnaui has been in widespread use for over a century and fulfils the conditions set out by the Zoological Code of Nomenclature for a protected name (nomen protectum), Hoskin et al. (2018) propose giving this name precedence over Oedura fracticolor, rendering the latter a 'forgotten' name (nomen oblitum)." 102680733,Oedura cincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,cincta,,,,,"De Vis, 1888", 102680762,Oedura coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,coggeri,,,,,"Bustard, 1966", 102680781,Oedura filicipoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,filicipoda,,,,,"King, 1985", 102680792,Oedura fimbria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,fimbria,,,,,"Oliver & Doughty, 2016", 102680977,Oedura gemmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,gemmata,,,,,"King & Gow, 1983", 102681799,Oedura gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,gracilis,,,,,"King, 1985","This is a species complex, which is likely to include range-restricted species (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017)." 102681958,Oedura jowalbinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,jowalbinna,,,,,"Hoskin & Higgie, 2008", 102682555,Oedura marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,marmorata,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 102683391,Oedura murrumanu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,murrumanu,,,,,"Oliver, Laver, Melville & Doughty, 2014", 102683410,Oedura tryoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,tryoni,,,,,"De Vis , 1884","In a revision of the Oedura monilis group Hoskin (2019) examined the related species Oedura coggeri and O. tryoni. He proposed no changes to the accepted species concepts, but noted that he retained northern coastal populations from the Gladstone-Mackay region within O. tryoni ""until assessed in more detail""." 102683557,Rhynchoedura angusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhynchoedura,angusta,,,,,"Pepper, Doughty, Hutchinson & Keogh, 2011", 102683576,Rhynchoedura eyrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhynchoedura,eyrensis,,,,,"Pepper, Doughty, Hutchinson & Keogh, 2011", 102683589,Rhynchoedura mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhynchoedura,mentalis,,,,,"Pepper, Doughty, Hutchinson & Keogh, 2011", 102683617,Rhynchoedura ormsbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhynchoedura,ormsbyi,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 102683628,Rhynchoedura ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhynchoedura,ornata,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 102683664,Rhynchoedura sexapora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhynchoedura,sexapora,,,,,"Pepper, Doughty, Hutchinson & Keogh, 2011", 102701923,Strophurus assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,assimilis,,,,,"(Storr, 1988)", 102701969,Strophurus elderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,elderi,,,,,"(Stirling & Zietz, 1893)", 102701989,Strophurus congoo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,congoo,,,,,"Vanderduys, 2016", 102702006,Strophurus horneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,horneri,,,,,"Oliver & Parkin, 2014","Populations that may be referrable to this species have been found in the southeast and central Arnhem scarp (Oliver and Parkin 2014, P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017). The known specimens from these localities exhibit a degree of morphological differentiation from Strophurus horneri, and molecular data is required to confirm their identity (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017). Pending further taxonomic work these records are excluded from this assessment." 102702017,Strophurus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,intermedius,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1892)",There are populations in the central ranges that may be geographically and genetically isolated (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017). 102702052,Strophurus krisalys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,krisalys,,,,,"Sadlier, 2005", 102702061,Strophurus mcmillani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,mcmillani,,,,,"(Storr, 1978)",The relationship between this species and Strophurus robinsoni needs to be investigated. 102702121,Strophurus rankini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,rankini,,,,,"(Storr, 1979)", 102702551,Strophurus robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,robinsoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1995)",The relationship between this species and Strophurus mcmillani needs to be investigated. 102702607,Strophurus spinigerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,spinigerus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 102702674,Strophurus strophurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,strophurus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)", 102702733,Strophurus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,taeniatus,,,,,"(Lönnberg & Andersson, 1913)", 102702771,Strophurus wellingtonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,wellingtonae,,,,,"(Storr, 1988)", 102702792,Strophurus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,williamsi,,,,,"(Kluge, 1963)", 102702826,Strophurus wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Strophurus,wilsoni,,,,,"(Storr, 1983)", 102703587,Acanthophis cryptamydros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,cryptamydros,,,,,"Maddock, Ellis, Doughty, Smith & Wüster, 2015", 102703632,Antaioserpens albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Antaioserpens,albiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 102703706,Antaioserpens warro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Antaioserpens,warro,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)", 102704076,Austrelaps ramsayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Austrelaps,ramsayi,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)","The taxonomic status of the New England Tableland subpopulation in relation to the southern subpopulation should be investigated (G. Shea, H. Cogger and M. Greenlees pers. comm. 2017)." 102704097,Austrelaps superbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Austrelaps,superbus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 102704253,Brachyurophis approximans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,approximans,,,,,"(Glauert, 1954)", 177537,Brachyurophis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,australis,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)", 177489,Brachyurophis incinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,incinctus,,,,,"(Storr, 1968)", 29441,Brachyurophis morrisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,morrisi,,,,,"(Horner, 1998)", 102706052,Brachyurophis campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,campbelli,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1929)","This taxon is thought to be part of a species complex, and its relationships with Brachyurophis semifasciata and B. roperi are poorly-understood (S. Wilson and A. Amey pers. comm. 2017)." 102706121,Brachyurophis fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 102706227,Brachyurophis roperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,roperi,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1931)","There is some taxonomic uncertainty between this species, Brachyurophis campbelli and B. semifasciatus." 102706287,Brachyurophis semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Brachyurophis,semifasciatus,,,,,"Günther, 1863", 102706454,Cacophis churchilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cacophis,churchilli,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 102706845,Cacophis harriettae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cacophis,harriettae,,,,,"Krefft, 1869", 102706882,Cacophis krefftii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cacophis,krefftii,,,,,"Günther, 1863", 102707094,Cacophis squamulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Cacophis,squamulosus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 102707320,Demansia reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Demansia,reticulata,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","Demansia reticulata reticulata and D. r. cupreiceps have long been considered subspecies of Demansia psammophis, in part following Storr et al. (1986). This treatment was followed by Wilson and Swan (2013) while Cogger (2014) recognized only D. r. reticulata as being distinct from D. psammophis. These arrangements neglect evidence presented by Hutchinson and Tyler (1996) that D. psammophis and D. reticulata (=D. r. cupreiceps of Storr 1978) co-occur in the Flinders Ranges with no evidence of intergradation. This suggests a species boundary exists between between D. psammophis and D. r. cupreiceps, and the most recent treatments follow Storr (1978) in treating D. reticulata, including D. r. cupreiceps, as a species distinct from D. psammophis (e.g. Wallach et al. 2014)." 102707635,Denisonia devisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Denisonia,devisi,,,,,"(Waite & Longman, 1920)", 102707943,Drysdalia coronoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Drysdalia,coronoides,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 102709784,Elapognathus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapognathus,coronatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 102709908,Hemiaspis damelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hemiaspis,damelii,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 102709942,Hemiaspis signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hemiaspis,signata,,,,,"(Jan, 1859)","The isolated northern populations should be compared with southern populations, as there may be unrecognized taxonomic issues (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 102710108,Hoplocephalus bitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hoplocephalus,bitorquatus,,,,,"(Jan, 1859)", 102710963,Parasuta dwyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parasuta,dwyeri,,,,,"(Worrell, 1956)", 177568,Parasuta flagellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parasuta,flagellum,,,,,"(McCoy, 1878)", 177492,Parasuta nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parasuta,nigriceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 102718242,Parasuta gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parasuta,gouldii,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 102719240,Parasuta monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parasuta,monachus,,,,,"(Storr, 1964)", 102719807,Parasuta spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Parasuta,spectabilis,,,,,"(Krefft, 1869)",Unpublished genetic analyses suggest that the subspecies P. s. bushi and P. s. nullarbor are conspecific with Parasuta gouldii (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 7012,Paroplocephalus atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Paroplocephalus,atriceps,,,,,"(Storr, 1980)", 102724883,Simoselaps anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Simoselaps,anomalus,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1919)", 102725430,Simoselaps bertholdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Simoselaps,bertholdi,,,,,"(Jan, 1859)", 102726081,Simoselaps minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Simoselaps,minimus,,,,,"(Worrell, 1960)", 102726223,Suta fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Suta,fasciata,,,,,"(Rosen, 1905)", 102726337,Suta ordensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Suta,ordensis,,,,,"(Storr, 1984)","Storr (1984) analyzed variation in patterning in the widespread Denisonia (now Suta) suta and concluded that two sympatric forms occurred in the Ord river catchment in the eastern Kimberley. One of these, which he retained within S. suta, appeared to derive from central Australian S. suta; the other, which Storr described as Denisonia ordensis, was derived from populations in the Barkly Tableland.

Both the validity of S. ordensis and its distribution have subsequently been uncertain, and research is needed to confirm that Ord River Suta represent two distinct taxa (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Storr (1984) did not distinguish S. ordensis from putative ancestral populations in the Barkly Tableland, and should S. ordensis prove to be valid it is consequently unclear whether it has a restricted distribution in the Ord River ranges or whether it is conspecific with the Barkly Tableland Suta. No genetic research has been conducted on this genus (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017), although it is likely that tissue exists in museum collections (R. Ellis pers. comm. 2017)." 102726385,Suta punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Suta,punctata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 102726585,Suta suta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Suta,suta,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 102726791,Tropidechis carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Tropidechis,carinatus,,,,,"(Krefft, 1863)", 102726903,Vermicella annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Vermicella,annulata,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 102727595,Vermicella intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Vermicella,intermedia,,,,,"Keogh & Smith, 1996",Taxonomic work to clarify the distinction between this species and Vermicella annulata is needed (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 102727631,Vermicella multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Vermicella,multifasciata,,,,,"(Longman, 1915)", 102727796,Vermicella vermiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Vermicella,vermiformis,,,,,"Keogh & Smith, 1996", 102731236,Christinus alexanderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Christinus,alexanderi,,,,,"(Storr, 1987)","There is significant taxonomic confusion regarding the status of this species in relation to Christinus marmoratus. Some sources apply the name alexanderi more widely to include other, presently undescribed populations in eastern Australia. There is also inconsistency between the original description of alexanderi based on morphology and the modern definition of the taxon based on genetics (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 102731357,Christinus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Christinus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","This is thought to be a species complex, whose taxonomy is presently unresolved (C. Sanderson pers. comm. 2017)." 102731701,Cyrtodactylus hoskini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,hoskini,,,,,"Shea, Couper, Wilmer & Amey, 2011", 102731716,Cyrtodactylus kimberleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,kimberleyensis,,,,,"Bauer & Doughty, 2012", 102731740,Cyrtodactylus mcdonaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,mcdonaldi,,,,,"Shea, Couper, Wilmer & Amey, 2011", 102731750,Cyrtodactylus pronarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,pronarus,,,,,"Shea, Couper, Wilmer & Amey, 2011", 102733004,Cyrtodactylus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tuberculatus,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1900)", 102735431,Gehyra girloorloo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,girloorloo,,,,,"Oliver, Bourke, Pratt, Doughty & Moritz, 2016", 102794603,Gehyra fehlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,fehlmanni,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)", 102794726,Gehyra kimberleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,kimberleyi,,,,,"Börner & Schüttler, 1982", 102794801,Gehyra koira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,koira,,,,,"Horner, 2005","Genetic data indicate that the subspecies Gehyra koira ipsa, which has a very restricted range on the southern edge of the Bungle Bungles in Purnululu National Park in Western Australia, and two cryptic lineages not presently recognized as distinct from the nominate form may warrant recognition as distinct species (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017)." 102794847,Gehyra lacerata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,lacerata,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)", 102794881,Gehyra lazelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,lazelli,,,,,"(Wells & Wellington, 1985)", 102794959,Gehyra minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,minuta,,,,,"King, 1982", 102795062,Gehyra montium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,montium,,,,,"Storr, 1982", 102795109,Gehyra moritzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,moritzi,,,,,"Hutchinson, Sistrom, Donnellan & Hutchinson, 2014", 102795141,Gehyra multiporosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,multiporosa,,,,,"Doughty, Palmer, Sistrom, Bauer & Donnellan, 2012", 102795160,Gehyra nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,nana,,,,,"Storr, 1978",There are eight or nine lineages within this species complex. It is currently under taxonomic revision (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017). 102795193,Gehyra occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,occidentalis,,,,,"King, 1984", 102795310,Gehyra pamela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,pamela,,,,,"King, 1982", 102795368,Gehyra pulingka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,pulingka,,,,,"Hutchinson, Sistrom, Donnellan & Hutchinson, 2014", 102795428,Gehyra punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,punctata,,,,,"(Fry, 1914)",This is a species complex currently under taxonomic revision (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017). 102795554,Gehyra purpurascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,purpurascens,,,,,"Storr, 1982", 102795616,Gehyra robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,robusta,,,,,"King, 1984", 102795671,Gehyra spheniscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,spheniscus,,,,,"Doughty, Palmer, Sistrom, Bauer & Donnellan, 2012", 102795789,Gehyra variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,variegata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)", 102795881,Gehyra versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,versicolor,,,,,"Hutchinson, Sistrom, Donnellan & Hutchinson, 2014", 102795918,Gehyra xenopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,xenopus,,,,,"Storr, 1978","Genetic data indicate that this is a complex of species, some of which might have very restricted ranges (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017)." 102796273,Myron karnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Myron,karnsi,,,,,"Murphy, 2011", 102796403,Myron resetari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Myron,resetari,,,,,"Murphy, 2011","The type specimen of Myron resetari was described in 2011 from a preserved specimen at the Queensland Museum labelled as M. richardsoni (Holotype:  QM J52861. Type Locality: Broome, Western Australia) (Murphy 2011). The type locality was not specific and only alluded to the vicinity of Roebuck Bay adjacent to Broome, WA (From Murphy 2011: “Known only from the type locality, Broome, Western Australia; but it may be more widespread. Given Myron’s use of mangroves and mudflats it seems likely this snake is from the Roebuck Bay area of the Dampier Peninsula.”). There were no live specimens recorded until October 2013 when Scott van Barneveld and Steve Wilson recorded an additional five specimens alive during nocturnal searches. Subsequent to this first record of live individuals Scott van Barneveld made a thorough search of the Roebuck Bay region of Broome and recorded a further 22 individuals between 2013 and 2016. Multiple specimens have since been reported from Roebuck Bay in the vicinity of Broome.

Myron resetari is distinguished from M. richardsonii by the presence of one preocular scale as opposed to two preoculars in M. richardsonii, and by 19 mid-body scale rows as opposed to 21 in M. richardsonii and its largest upper labial is the 5th compared with the largest upper labial of 6 or 7 in M. richardsonii." 176676,Pseudoferania polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Pseudoferania,polylepis,,,,,"(Fischer, 1886)",Genetic information indicates that this species is not part of the Enhydris clade. The oldest available generic name for this taxon is Pseudoferania (Alfaro et al. 2008) and has subsequently been treated under this generic by all subsequent authors (e.g. Murphy and Voris 2014). 9125,Gerbillus grobbeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,grobbeni,,,,,"Klaptocz, 1909",Gerbillus grobbeni is believed to be a localized subpopulation of G. amoenus (S. Aulagnier pers. comm. 2007). Regarded as incertae sedis (Granjon 2013). 102827684,Aprasia clairae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,clairae,,,,,"Maryan, How & Adams, 2013", 102827720,Aprasia haroldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,haroldi,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 102827758,Aprasia inaurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,inaurita,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102827944,Aprasia parapulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,parapulchella,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102827983,Aprasia picturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,picturata,,,,,"Smith & Henry, 1999", 102828089,Aprasia pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,pulchella,,,,,"Gray, 1839", 102828110,Aprasia repens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,repens,,,,,"(Fry, 1914)", 102828358,Aprasia smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,smithi,,,,,"Storr, 1970", 102828411,Aprasia striolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,striolata,,,,,"Lütken, 1863", 102828565,Aprasia wicherina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Aprasia,wicherina,,,,,"Maryan, Adams & Aplin, 2015", 9130,Gerbillus jamesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,jamesi,,,,,"Harrison, 1967",This taxon is probably conspecific with Gerbillus campestris (S. Aulagnier pers. comm. 2007). Regarded as incertae sedis (Granjon 2013). 102830336,Delma australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,australis,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102830398,Delma borea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,borea,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102830450,Delma butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,butleri,,,,,"Storr, 1987", 102830543,Delma concinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,concinna,,,,,"(Kluge, 1974)",The two recognized subspecies are likely to be sunk into a single monotypic species (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017) 102830591,Delma desmosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,desmosa,,,,,"Maryan, Aplin & Adams, 2007", 102830616,Delma elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,elegans,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102830633,Delma grayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,grayii,,,,,"Smith, 1849", 102830678,Delma hebesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,hebesa,,,,,"Maryan, Brennan, Adams & Aplin, 2015", 102830712,Delma inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,inornata,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102830813,Delma mitella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,mitella,,,,,"Shea, 1987", 102830838,Delma molleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,molleri,,,,,"Lütken, 1863", 102830903,Delma nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,nasuta,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102830953,Delma pax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,pax,,,,,"Kluge, 1974", 102830971,Delma petersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,petersoni,,,,,"Shea, 1991", 102831099,Delma plebeia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,plebeia,,,,,"De Vis, 1888", 102831167,Delma tealei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,tealei,,,,,"Maryan, Aplin & Adams, 2007",The species status needs to be revisited (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017). It exhibits very low genetic divergence and few morphological differences from two species occurring in nearby areas (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2017). 102831198,Delma tincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Delma,tincta,,,,,"De Vis, 1888", 102831288,Pletholax gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Pletholax,gracilis,,,,,"(Schlegel in Cope, 1864)",Molecular and morphological work supports recognition of the subspecies Pletholalax gracilis edelensis as a full species (P. Doughty in prep.) 102831400,Pygopus lepidopodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Pygopus,lepidopodus,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1804)",East coast and south coast populations are geographically and genetically distinct (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 102831509,Pygopus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Pygopus,nigriceps,,,,,"(Fischer, 1882)", 102831689,Pygopus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Pygopus,robertsi,,,,,"Oliver, Couper & Amey, 2010", 102831699,Pygopus schraderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Pygopus,schraderi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1913", 102831722,Pygopus steelescotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Pygopus,steelescotti,,,,,"James, Donnellan & Hutchinson, 2001", 102837121,Anilios affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,affinis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 102837187,Anilios ammodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,ammodytes,,,,,"(Montague, 1914)", 102837512,Anilios aspina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,aspina,,,,,"(Couper, Covacevich & Wilson, 1998)", 102837781,Anilios australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,australis,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 102837829,Anilios batillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,batillus,,,,,"(Waite, 1894)","The taxonomic status of this species remains unclear as it is known only from a single 19th Century specimen (Cogger 2014). There is some doubt that the species was actually collected in Australia (Wilson and Swan 2013) and its assignment to the Australo-Papuan blindsnake genus Austrotyphlops (found to be a junior synonym of Anilios by Hedges et al. 2014) by Wallach (2006) appears to have been based on its described geographical range rather than examination of the specimen, and it is not clear that it correctly belongs to the same genus as other Australian blindsnakes (Shea 1999, then considering it within Ramphotyphlops)." 102838116,Anilios bituberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,bituberculatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 102838171,Anilios broomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,broomi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","This species was for many decades considered to be a very wide ranging species in Australia based on a number of widely scattered localities in the original description, most of which later proved to be misidentifications, and the difficulty in distinguishing this species from the more widespread Anilios wiedii on the basis of available keys (Shea 1999)." 102838371,Anilios centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,centralis,,,,,"(Storr, 1984)", 102838499,Anilios chamodracaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,chamodracaena,,,,,"(Ingram & Covacevich, 1993)", 102838535,Anilios diversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,diversus,,,,,"(Waite, 1894)", 102839093,Anilios ganei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,ganei,,,,,"(Aplin, 1998)", 102839106,Anilios grypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,grypus,,,,,"(Waite, 1918)",Ongoing genetic and morphological studies indicate that this is a species complex (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 102839125,Anilios guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,guentheri,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)",Morphological and genetic evidence suggests more than one species under this name. Some authorities recognize the species Anilios nigricauda (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 102839205,Anilios howi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,howi,,,,,"(Storr, 1983)", 102839222,Anilios insperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,insperatus,,,,,"Venchi, Wilson & Borsboom, 2015", 102872534,Anilios leptosomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,leptosomus,,,,,"(Robb, 1972)",A manuscript in review will describe two new species in this complex; this will affect the distribution of this species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 102873424,Anilios ligatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,ligatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)",Genetic and morphological studies indicate that northwestern populations are taxonomically distinct from eastern Australian populations (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 102873541,Anilios longissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,longissimus,,,,,"(Aplin, 1998)", 102873568,Anilios margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,margaretae,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 102873617,Anilios micrommus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,micrommus,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 102873662,Anilios minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,minimus,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1929)", 102873695,Anilios nema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,nema,,,,,"(Shea & Horner, 1997)", 102873712,Anilios nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,nigrescens,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 102873938,Anilios pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,pinguis,,,,,"(Waite, 1897)", 102873995,Anilios robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,robertsi,,,,,"(Couper, Covacevich, Wilson, 1998)", 102874014,Anilios silvia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,silvia,,,,,"(Ingram & Covacevich, 1993)", 102874085,Anilios splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,splendidus,,,,,"(Aplin, 1998)", 102874100,Anilios torresianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,torresianus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)","Hedges et al. (2014) found that Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus was polyphyletic, with the nominate form (which has a type locality on Timor) being appropriately assigned to their new genus Sundatyphlops, while Australian samples nested within the Australian radiation Anilios. These authors identify two potentially diagnostic morphological characters for the Australian taxon, for which the only available name is Typhlops torresianus (described from Murray Island). Hedges et al. (2014) define Anilios torresianus as including S. polygrammicus material from both Queensland and southern New Guinea, but caution that future taxonomic work is likely to reveal that this taxon is a species complex." 102874161,Anilios tovelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,tovelli,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1945)", 102874212,Anilios troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,troglodytes,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 102874389,Anilios unguirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,unguirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 102874436,Anilios wiedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,wiedii,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 102874461,Anilios yampiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,yampiensis,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 102874486,Anilios yirrikalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,yirrikalae,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1942)", 102874505,Anilios zonula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,zonula,,,,,"Ellis, 2016", 4984,Clupeoides papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeoides,papuensis,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 135707,Clupeonella caspia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeonella,caspia,,,,,"Svetovidov, 1941","This species was previously treated as a subspecies or variety of Clupeonella cultriventris (Kottelat and Freyhof 2007). In Iran, individuals of this species are still nominally referred to as C. cultriventris, the subspecies C. cultriventris caspia (F. Kaymaram pers. comm. 2018), or C. caspia (Fazli et al. 2020). For the purposes of this assessment, the taxonomy of species of Clupeonella follows Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2020). Therefore, both C. caspia and C. cultriventris are treated as valid species; C. cultriventris is distributed within the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, while C. caspia is endemic to the Caspian Sea (Fricke et al. 2020). For this assessment, any reference of C. cultriventris or C. cultriventris caspia in the literature from Iranian waters is considered to be C. caspia. " 191210,Dorosoma cepedianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dorosoma,cepedianum,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1818)", 191211,Dorosoma petenense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dorosoma,petenense,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 183709,Ethmidium maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Ethmidium,maculatum,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 183437,Lile nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Lile,nigrofasciata,,,,,"Castro-Aguirre, Ruiz-Campos & Balart, 2002", 169587,Nematalosa galatheae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,galatheae,,,,,"Nelson & Rothman, 1973", 183720,Opisthonema berlangai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Opisthonema,berlangai,,,,,"Berry & Barrett, 1963", 183910,Opisthonema bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Opisthonema,bulleri,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 183235,Opisthonema medirastre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Opisthonema,medirastre,,,,,"Berry & Barrett, 1963", 167996,Pellonula leonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Pellonula,leonensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1916", 183416,Pliosteostoma lutipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Pliosteostoma,lutipinnis,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 167802,Ramnogaster melanostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Ramnogaster,melanostoma,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1907)",Subspecies: R. m. limnoica and R. m. melanostoma. 154814,Sardinella fijiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,fijiense,,,,,"(Fowler & Bean, 1923)", 154759,Spratelloides gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Spratelloides,gracilis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 183309,Anchoa argentivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,argentivittata,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 154975,Anchoa delicatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,delicatissima,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 183635,Anchoa eigenmannia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,eigenmannia,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)", 183470,Anchoa exigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,exigua,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183382,Anchoa helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,helleri,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1921)", 183245,Anchoa ischana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,ischana,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183604,Anchoa mundeoloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,mundeoloides,,,,,"(Breder, 1928)", 183244,Anchoa panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183516,Anchoa scofieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,scofieldi,,,,,"(Jordan & Culver, 1895)", 184000,Anchoa starksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,starksi,,,,,"(Gilbert & Pierson, 1898)", 183934,Anchoviella balboae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,balboae,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1926)", 183878,Cetengraulis mysticetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Cetengraulis,mysticetus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 154743,Coilia neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,neglecta,,,,,"Whitehead, 1968", 183856,Engraulis mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,mordax,,,,,"Girard, 1854","Two sub-species of Engraulis mordax have been recognized based on small anatomical differences, mainly in body depth, head length number of vertebrae and maximum standard length: Engraulis mordax mordax known from British Columbia to Baja California and E. mordax nanus found in the bays of California (Hubbs 1925, Hildebrand 1943, Whitehead et al. 1988). Three subpopulations are currently recognized (McHugh 1951) based on evidence from morphometric characters (Spratt 1972), protein variation (Vrooman and Palmoa 1975, Vrooman et al. 1981, Diaz-Jaimes et al. 1999) and genetic data (LeComte et al. 2004, Lewis and Lema 2019): the northern subpopulation distributed in waters off British Columbia to northern California; the central subpopulation extending from San Francisco Bay to Central Baja California in the southern California Current Ecosystem (CCE); and the southern subpopulation distributed from central to southern Baja California and into the Gulf of California (Sydeman et al. 2020)." 183775,Engraulis ringens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,ringens,,,,,"Jenyns, 1842", 183379,Lycengraulis poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Lycengraulis,poeyi,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 166447,Setipinna phasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,phasa,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 155240,Thryssa mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,mystax,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",This species is morphologically similar to other closely related species and can be easily confused and misidentified (Wongratana et al. 1999). 183757,Ilisha fuerthii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,fuerthii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)",Originally spelled as fürthii and subsequently emended to fuerthii (Eschmeyer et al. 2017). 167880,Ilisha novacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,novacula,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)",
 183217,Neoopisthopterus tropicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Neoopisthopterus,tropicus,,,,,(Hildebrand 1946), 183387,Odontognathus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Odontognathus,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183922,Opisthopterus dovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Opisthopterus,dovii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 183876,Opisthopterus equatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Opisthopterus,equatorialis,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183414,Opisthopterus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Opisthopterus,macrops,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","

The validity of this species has been questioned in the literature as it is only apparently distinct from the other regional species of Opisthopterus based on subtle morphological differences (e.g., a more anteriorly placed dorsal fin and a slight variation in the number of gill rakers: Whitehead 1985). Whitehead (1985) suggested that more species should be examined; however there has been no recent work on this species in the available literature since the 1980s. Despite the lack of available research on this species, it is currently listed as a valid species in Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2020). Therefore, for the purposes of this Red List assessment, Opisthopterus macrops will be treated as a valid species distributed in the eastern tropical Pacific. Future taxonomic work on this species is needed.

" 155311,Raconda russeliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Raconda,russeliana,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 170394,Draco haematopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,haematopogon,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 60664,Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudocrenilabrus,multicolor,,,,,"(Schöller, 1903)", 102964863,Acritoscincus duperreyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acritoscincus,duperreyi,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 102965002,Acritoscincus platynotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acritoscincus,platynotus,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)", 102965197,Anepischetosia maccoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Anepischetosia,maccoyi,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1894)", 102965287,Anomalopus leuckartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Anomalopus,leuckartii,,,,,"(Weinland, 1862)", 102965494,Sepsiscus pluto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sepsiscus,pluto,,,,,"(Ingram, 1977)", 102965529,Anomalopus swansoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Anomalopus,swansoni,,,,,"Greer & Cogger, 1985", 102965565,Anomalopus verreauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Anomalopus,verreauxii,,,,,"Duméril & Duméril, 1851", 102965730,Calyptotis lepidorostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Calyptotis,lepidorostrum,,,,,"Greer, 1983", 102965746,Calyptotis ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Calyptotis,ruficauda,,,,,"Greer, 1983", 102965764,Calyptotis scutirostrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Calyptotis,scutirostrum,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 102965795,Calyptotis temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Calyptotis,temporalis,,,,,"Greer, 1983", 102965805,Calyptotis thorntonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Calyptotis,thorntonensis,,,,,"Greer, 1983", 18419,Psammomys vexillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Psammomys,vexillaris,,,,,"Thomas, 1925","Ben Hamou et al. (2006) show morphological, biochemical, genetic and cytogenetic evidence which supports the identification of two cryptic species within the genus Psammomys: fat sand rat Psammomys obesus (Cretzschmar, 1828) and the thin sand rat Psammomys vexillaris (Thomas, 1925)." 102966228,Carlia inconnexa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,inconnexa,,,,,"Ingram & Covacevich, 1989", 102966316,Carlia jarnoldae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,jarnoldae,,,,,"Covacevich & Ingram, 1975", 102966327,Carlia johnstonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,johnstonei,,,,,"Storr, 1974",A new species is under description from the northwest Kimberly Islands which has a very small distribution range (C. Moritz pers. comm. 2017). 102966344,Carlia leucotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,leucotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)","The validity of this species, which may be a junior synonym of Carlia fusca, is in question and needs additional research (A. Stubbs and G. Shea pers. comm. 2019)." 102966356,Carlia munda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,munda,,,,,"(De Vis , 1885)", 102966378,Carlia nigrauris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,nigrauris,,,,,"Zug, 2010", 102966390,Carlia pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,pectoralis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1885)", 102966491,Carlia peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,peronii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","Zug (2010) recognized Carlia spinauris as distinct from Carlia peronii based on their type localities, one in a highland and one in a lowland area. Samples from the localities from which Carlia spinauris has been reported, at both high and low elevations, have been identified as C. peronii based on genetic research, and the validity of this species must consequently be considered uncertain (Stubbs et al. in prep.). This account consequently follows Greer (1976) in treating Carlia spinauris as a junior synonym of C. peronii.

O'Shea et al. (2015) suggested that a population from Timor-Leste may represent a distinct species; based on preliminary genetic data (Stubbs et al. in prep.) this population is included within C. peronii, but further taxonomic research is recommended to clarify the relationship between of Timorese subpopulations." 102966507,Carlia quinquecarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,quinquecarinata,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)",Donnellan et al. (2009) revalidated this species as a taxon distinct from Carlia longipes. 102966634,Carlia rhomboidalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,rhomboidalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 102966705,Carlia rimula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,rimula,,,,,"Ingram & Covacevich, 1980", 102966817,Carlia rostralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,rostralis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1885)", 102966834,Carlia rubigo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,rubigo,,,,,"Hoskin & Couper, 2012", 102966856,Carlia rufilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,rufilatus,,,,,"Storr, 1974", 102966873,Carlia schmeltzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,schmeltzii,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 102966905,Carlia sexdentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,sexdentata,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 102967018,Carlia sukur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,sukur,,,,,"Zug & Kaiser, 2014", 102967114,Carlia triacantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,triacantha,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1953)","This is a complex of at least two species, a northern and southern species (C. Moritz pers. comm.)." 102967180,Carlia vivax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,vivax,,,,,"(De Vis , 1884)", 102967211,Carlia wundalthini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,wundalthini,,,,,"Hoskin, 2014", 102967293,Coeranoscincus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Coeranoscincus,frontalis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1888)", 102967418,Coggeria naufragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Coggeria,naufragus,,,,,"Couper, Covacevich, Marsterson & Shea, 1996", 178442,Concinnia sokosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,sokosoma,,,,,"(Greer, 1992)", 102998975,Pitta morotaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,morotaiensis,,,,,"van Bemmel, 1939","

Pitta maxima and P. morotaiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. maxima following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 170398,Gonocephalus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,grandis,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 178618,Cnemaspis limi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,limi,,,,,"Das & Grismer, 2003", 39399,Raja clavata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,clavata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",The assessment has been amended in September 2016 to reflect newly available information which places this species in the genus Raja (formally Malacoraja). 103105862,Acanthodrilus kermadecensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Acanthodrilus,kermadecensis,,,,,"Lee, 1953","Acanthodrilus kermadecensis Lee, 1953: 50, Pl. 5 figs. 1-3; 1959: 37, fig. 11; Easton, 1984: 120; Blakemore, 2004:  177; 2008; 2010: 54; 2012: 127.

Holotype was in the Soil Bureau collection now in the Molluscs (sic) section of Te Papa Museum as W.000548.  However, there is a slight discrepancy in that Lee (1953: 49) said only three specimens were collected, yet Lee (1959: 38) lists three syntypes in addition to holotype (= 4).  None of these specimens has been subsequently inspected.

Although it shares the definitive J-shaped nephridial bladders with other holoic, acantodriline members of the genus found in New Caledonia, it is unusual in its saddle-shaped clitellum, more ventral nephridoipores, lack of tufted nephridia and spermathecal diverticula that are clavate rather than intramural and/or multi-loculate [cf. the only other congeneric NZ taxon Acanthodrilus ravus (Lee, 1959) from Three Kings Islands as recently new combination by Blakemore (2012)].

" 103107629,Decachaetus minor,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Decachaetus,minor,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103107737,Decachaetus violaceus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Decachaetus,violaceus,,,,,"Lee, 1959","The type of this species, originally in the Soil Bureau collection, was reported missing by R.K. Dell (2 March, 1966) after K.E. Lee's earthworm collection was sent to Te Papa Museum in early 1966. As this species is generotype of Decachaetus it is particularly interesting in its ecological and geographical segregation from congeners in northwest of South Island." 103107761,Dinodriloides beddardi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Dinodriloides,beddardi,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103107904,Diplotrema fallax,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,fallax,,,,,"(Benham, 1909)", 103107997,Diplotrema haplocystis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,haplocystis,,,,,"(Benham, 1901)", 103108644,Diplotrema micros,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,micros,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)", 103108835,Diplotrema montana,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,montana,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)", 103108885,Diplotrema pallida,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,pallida,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)", 103109171,Diplotrema paludosa,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,paludosa,,,,,"(Beddard, 1893)", 103109615,Diplotrema parva,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,parva,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)", 103109658,Diplotrema rossi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,rossi,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)", 103110227,Maoridrilus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,alpinus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103110309,Maoridrilus carnosus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,carnosus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103110335,Maoridrilus dissimilis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,dissimilis,,,,,"(Beddard, 1885)","Its synonym, Acantodrilus neglectus Beddard, 1888, is often misdated." 103110450,Maoridrilus gravus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,gravus,,,,,"Lee, 1959",The types are missing from Auckland Museum (pers. obs. RJB; Blakemore 2011) and no other material is known. 103110611,Maoridrilus intermedius,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,intermedius,,,,,"Michaelsen, 1924", 103111311,Maoridrilus minor,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,minor,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103111343,Maoridrilus modestus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,modestus,,,,,"Michaelsen, 1910",Recent reports by non-specialists are discounted as their DNA samples belong to three species none of which may be the one of our concern (data associated with this report is online at doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.024). 103111602,Maoridrilus montanus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,montanus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103112228,Maoridrilus pallidus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,pallidus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103112582,Maoridrilus plumbeus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,plumbeus,,,,,"(Beddard, 1895)", 103113010,Maoridrilus ruber,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,ruber,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103113109,Maoridrilus rubicundus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,rubicundus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103113461,Maoridrilus smithi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,smithi,,,,,"(Beddard, 1892)", 103114520,Maoridrilus tetragonurus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,tetragonurus,,,,,"Michaelsen, 1899", 103114637,Maoridrilus transalpinus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,transalpinus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103114721,Maoridrilus uliginosus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,uliginosus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1877)", 103119712,Microscolex aucklandicus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Microscolex,aucklandicus,,,,,"(Benham, 1903)", 103120145,Microscolex campbellianus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Microscolex,campbellianus,,,,,"(Benham, 1905)", 103120210,Neochaeta forsteri,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Neochaeta,forsteri,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103120329,Neodrilus agilis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Neodrilus,agilis,,,,,"Lee, 1949", 103120360,Neodrilus campestris,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Neodrilus,campestris,,,,,"(Hutton, 1877)", 103120516,Neodrilus edwardsi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Neodrilus,edwardsi,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103120622,Perieodrilus lateralis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Perieodrilus,lateralis,,,,,"(Benham, 1903)", 103120717,Perieodrilus montanus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Perieodrilus,montanus,,,,,"(Benham, 1903)", 103121121,Perieodrilus ricardi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Perieodrilus,ricardi,,,,,"(Benham, 1903)", 103121314,Plagiochaeta lineata,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Plagiochaeta,lineata,,,,,"(Hutton, 1877)", 103121569,Plagiochaeta stewartensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Plagiochaeta,stewartensis,,,,,"Michaelsen, 1924", 103121655,Plagiochaeta sylvestris,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Plagiochaeta,sylvestris,,,,,"(Hutton, 1877)", 103121713,Rhododrilus aduncocystis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,aduncocystis,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103122110,Rhododrilus albidus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,albidus,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103122235,Rhododrilus aquaticus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,aquaticus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103122604,Rhododrilus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,attenuatus,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103122754,Rhododrilus benhami,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,benhami,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103122980,Rhododrilus besti,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,besti,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103123030,Rhododrilus cockayni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,cockayni,,,,,"Benham, 1905","NOTE: Originally spelt cockayni by Benham (1905) in honor of his colleague Dr L. Cockayne, Lee (1959: 153) subsequently changed it to cockaynei on the grounds that the Doctor’s name ended in an e.  However, under ICZN (1999: Art. 31.1.2, Example) this is an invalid emendation and the correct name must be returned to cockayni as per Blakemore (2016)." 103123220,Rhododrilus dobsoni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,dobsoni,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103123242,Rhododrilus edulis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,edulis,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103123492,Rhododrilus intermedius,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,intermedius,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103123966,Rhododrilus kermadecensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,kermadecensis,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103124686,Rhododrilus macroseptus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,macroseptus,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103124714,Rhododrilus microgaster,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,microgaster,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103124961,Rhododrilus minimus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,minimus,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103124977,Rhododrilus minutus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,minutus,,,,,"Beddard, 1889",This species was given as an example of the irrelevance of penial setal details by Blakemore (2012) following Lee's (1962) report.  No image of its habitus (entire body) is found thus presence or absence of genital markings is wanting and it is long overdue for eco-taxonomic review from the original description in 1889 about 125 years ago. 103125640,Rhododrilus papaensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,papaensis,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103126131,Rhododrilus parvus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,parvus,,,,,"Benham, 1906", 103126210,Rhododrilus robustus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,robustus,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103126288,Rhododrilus rosae,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,rosae,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103126449,Rhododrilus similis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,similis,,,,,"Benham, 1906", 103126583,Rhododrilus sutherlandi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,sutherlandi,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103126656,Rhododrilus tetratheca,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,tetratheca,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103126711,Sylvodrilus gravus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Sylvodrilus,gravus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103127269,Deinodrilus benhami,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,benhami,,,,,"Beddard, 1889","This species is of particular taxonomic importance as the generotype of Deinodrilus Beddard, 1889." 103127543,Deinodrilus lateralis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,lateralis,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103127560,Deinodrilus montanus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,montanus,,,,,"Lee, 1959","As noted by Blakemore (2010, 2012: 120), its elongate markings on segment 10 were described but not shown on Lee (1952: fig. 1) nor mentioned by Lee (1959).  Taxonomic uncertainties for the almost dozen congeners currently known could be investigated using molecular methods with DNA barcodes.  Nevertheless, its listing is as of Least Concern.

Note that the species Deinodrilus montanus Lee, 1952 is often misattributed to Lee (1959)." 103127588,Deinodrilus parvus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,parvus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103127605,Deinodrilus suteri,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,suteri,,,,,"Benham, 1906", 103131145,Hoplochaetina durvilleana,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Hoplochaetina,durvilleana,,,,,"(Benham, 1919)", 103131180,Hoplochaetina pallida,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Hoplochaetina,pallida,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103131216,Hoplochaetina polycystis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Hoplochaetina,polycystis,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103131234,Hoplochaetina rossii,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Hoplochaetina,rossii,,,,,"(Benham, 1903)", 103131250,Hoplochaetina rubra,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Hoplochaetina,rubra,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103131267,Hoplochaetina subtilis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Hoplochaetina,subtilis,,,,,"Lee, 1959"," Note that Esson (1956) used nomen nudum ""Hoplochaetina subtiles "" that would later become Hoplochaetina subtilis Lee, 1959." 103131271,Leucodrilus digitocystis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Leucodrilus,digitocystis,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103131481,Leucodrilus fuscus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Leucodrilus,fuscus,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103131516,Leucodrilus robustus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Leucodrilus,robustus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103131606,Octochaetus brucei,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,brucei,,,,,"Lee, 1952","
Some of Lee's missing specimens were found secreted in a Canberra collection and returned to Te Papa, including this species' (Blakemore, 2010)." 103131623,Octochaetus huttoni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,huttoni,,,,,"Beddard, 1893","Some of Lee's missing specimens were found secreted in a Canberra collection and returned to Te Papa Museum, including material of this species (Blakemore, 2010)." 103131712,Octochaetus kapitiensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,kapitiensis,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103131793,Octochaetus levis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,levis,,,,,"(Hutton, 1877)", 103131842,Octochaetus michaelseni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,michaelseni,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103131863,Octochaetus microchaetus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,microchaetus,,,,,"(Benham, 1950)","Lee (1959: 254) listed it as Octochaetus microchaetus ""incertae sedis"" (of uncertain status) although it was included in checklists by Blakemore (2004, 2008, 2010, 2012).   Benham's original 1950 paper is online here - http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_78/rsnz_78_02_003870.html (December, 2016)." 103131883,Octochaetus multiporus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,multiporus,,,,,"(Beddard, 1885)","This species is similar to Octochaetus levis and to Octochaetus thomasi so their taxonomic separation is perhaps not yet fully resoved.  For example, a recent 2008 report (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687281/) of Octochaetus multiporus from Palmerston North is beyond its known range and needs to be confirmed especially since specimens of O. thomasi have also been identified from there and Springett's specimens in British Museum were identified not with O. multiporus but with O. thomasi (see current Redlist entry for this taxon)." 103131905,Octochaetus pelorus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,pelorus,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103132001,Octochaetus ravus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,ravus,,,,,"Lee, 1959","A specimen in the Natural History Museum London (registration 1985.10.1) collected by ""Lanceshaw"" from ""Linnburn, New Zealand"" in 29 October 1983 is a possible new but currently unconfirmed record with the name mispelled as ""Octochaetus parvus Lee, 1959"" (sic)." 103132038,Octochaetus thomasi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,thomasi,,,,,"Beddard, 1893","Beddard (1893) had difficulty separating Octochaetus thomasi from Octochaetus multiporus and relied mainly on size and some characters of the dorsal blood vessel (as did the key in Lee 1959: 105).  In fact Lee (1952: 559) earlier said: ""O. multiporus and O. thomasi are very similar species, their principal point of difference being that O. multiporus is a very large species while O. thomasi is rather small.""  Although, rather obviously, small specimens also tend to grow.

Initial field work of the original Ashburton collector recorded behaviours too when Smith (1894) said: ""The present species is not uncommon on some parts of the Canterbury Plains... it lingers longer in well-cultivated gardens and fields than any other native species I have observed. The size and number of segments in mature individuals vary considerably. The colour is pale, almost transparent, brown, with dull-yellowish clitellum. In habits it is the most active form of the four indigenous species of Octochætus, and succeeds well when kept in large flower-pots in fresh soil.""   

The likely types of this species in London Natural History Museum were inspected by Lee (1962) and he said they showed three slight differences from O. multiporus types. The real possibility though, is that variability in O. thomasi noted by Beddard, Smith and Lee in its size and other characters overlaps with O. multiporus which takes nomenclarural priority should the two species become mutually inseparable taxonomically.  

Confounding this is another record in the London Museum collection of ""Octochaetus thomasi"" identified by Ed Easton, the then responsible curator there, from Stratford and Palmerston North both far removed from the known South Island domain collected in 1979 by Dr Jo Springett, presumably during her studies on ""O. multiporus"".  Data for these specimens is here:- http://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/collection-specimens/resource/05ff2255-c38a-40c9-b657-4ccb55ab2feb/record/2811400 (pers. obs. R.J. Blakemore, December 2016)." 103132051,Octochaetus tricystis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,tricystis,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 16285,Palaopartula calypso,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Palaopartula,calypso,,,,,"(Semper, 1865)","Slapcinsky and Krause (2016) compared Partula calypso, P. leucothoe and P. thetis to their newly described genus and species Sphendone insolita, and to other partulids and found that these three species require their own genus because their morphology is quite different from that of true Partula and from that of all other genera. Therefore, they resurrected the genus Palaopartula Pilsbry for these three snails." 16291,Palaopartula leucothoe,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Palaopartula,leucothoe,,,,,"(Semper, 1865)","Slapcinsky and Krause (2016) compared Partula calypso, P. leucothoe and P. thetis to their newly described genus and species Sphendone insolita, and to other partulids and found that these three species require their own genus because their morphology is quite different from that of true Partula and from that of all other genera. Therefore, they resurrected the genus Palaopartula Pilsbry for these three snails." 16294,Palaopartula thetis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Palaopartula,thetis,,,,,"(Semper, 1865)","Slapcinsky and Krause (2016) compared Partula calypso, P. leucothoe and P. thetis to their newly described genus and species Sphendone insolita, and to other partulids and found that these three species require their own genus because their morphology is quite different from that of true Partula and from that of all other genera. Therefore, they resurrected the genus Palaopartula Pilsbry for these three snails." 16340,Partula jackieburchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,jackieburchi,,,,,"(Kondo, 1980)","The taxonomy of this species has been disputed over the years. It was reclassified as Partula jackieburchi and then as Partula otaheitana rubescens by Johnson, Murray and Clarke (1986). Gerlach (2016) placed it in Partula." 198826,Partula meyeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARTULIDAE,Partula,meyeri,,,,,"(Burch, 2007)","

This is a newly discovered (2006) species, described as Samoana meyeri the following year (Burch 2007). The species was placed in genus Partula in 2016 (Gerlach 2016).

" 103167203,Acanthodrilus ravus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Acanthodrilus,ravus,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)","

Rhododrilus ravus Lee, 1959: 171: 171, figs. 150-152; Blakemore, 2004; 2006: 9; 2010: 57.

Acanthodrilus ravus : Blakemore, 2012: 127.

Transferred to Acanthodrilus which is essentially a New Caledonian taxon with only one other New Zealand member, A. kermadecensis; due to it possessing J-shaped nephridial bladders that are characteristic for this genus.  Although some other of its characteristics are closer to members of Rhododrilus.  In this regards, it is probable that genetic analysis would help determine its true origins and affinities.

Type: AMNZ 5042; other material also reported from the Auckland Museum.  No other specimens know." 103132762,Graliophilus parvus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Graliophilus,parvus,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)","Originally in genus Plutellus, this species was transferred after revision of the genera by Blakemore (1997, 2000) and checklisting by Blakemore (2004, 2008, 2010, 2012)." 103132775,Graliophilus stewartensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Graliophilus,stewartensis,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)","Originally in genus Plutellus, this species was transferred after revision of the genera by Blakemore (1997, 2000) as checklisted by Blakemore (2004, 2008, 2010, 2012)." 103132876,Megascolides albus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Megascolides,albus,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103132886,Megascolides irregularis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Megascolides,irregularis,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103132915,Tokea raglani,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,raglani,,,,,"(Lee, 1952)", 103132922,Megascolides rubicundus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Megascolides,rubicundus,,,,,"Lee, 1959","It remains in genus Megascolides unlike several of its former congeners that have been moved to Tokea after eco-taxonomic revisions by Blakemore (2010, 2011, 2012, 2014)." 103133079,Perionychella egmonti,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Perionychella,egmonti,,,,,"(Lee, 1952)", 103133286,Perionychella perionychopsis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Perionychella,perionychopsis,,,,,"(Benham, 1909)", 103133879,Perionychella shoeana,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Perionychella,shoeana,,,,,"(Cognetti, 1912)", 103167289,Decachaetus erici,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Decachaetus,erici,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","As noted in its type description, this species is superficially similar to D. forsteri (Lee, 1959) with which it may be confused by novices; only dissection and DNA can separate taxa." 103167375,Decachaetus forsteri,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Decachaetus,forsteri,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)","Previously mononypic in genus Eudinodriloides (Lee, 1959), this species was transferred to Decachaetus by Blakemore (2010)." 103167397,Diplotrema bilboi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Diplotrema,bilboi,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","Similar species are discussed in the original description (Blakemore, 2010) and by Blakemore (2012), but its taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships depend upon further DNA analyses." 103167440,Maoridrilus felix,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,felix,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","The species is currently divided into two sub-species that differ only slightly, but both anatomically and gentically." 103167497,Maoridrilus michaelseni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Maoridrilus,michaelseni,,,,,"Ude, 1905","Other reports of this species by non-specialists as ""Maoridrilus ?michaelseni"" are unreliable as DNA data (WM2, WM21, WM54, WM55) are for two different species, neither of which may be the proper taxon and one of which was also (mis?)identified as ""Maoridrilus parkeri"".  Data associated with this can be found online at doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.024. A species similar to M. michaelseni with reduced dorsal pores is M. felix Blakemore, 2010, but the nephropore alternation and other key characteristics differ between these two taxa." 103167815,Microscolex macquariensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Microscolex,macquariensis,,,,,"(Beddard, 1896)", 103180127,Rhododrilus mangamingi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,mangamingi,,,,,"Blakemore, 2012", 103185654,Rhododrilus sexpapillatus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,ACANTHODRILIDAE,Rhododrilus,sexpapillatus,,,,,"Dyne, 1980", 103185686,Deinodrilus gorgon,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,gorgon,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","This species was unambigously defined when Blakemore (2010) tied morphology of its name-bearing holotype to its DNA barcode from a tissue sample, as per Blakemore et al. (2010).  Nevertheless, it yet requires comparison with all congeners.

Closest taxonomic affinites are indicated in Blakemore (2010, 2011, 2012)." 103185764,Deinodrilus medusa,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,medusa,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","DNA is available for this species which would confim its identity and relationships with other taxa within its eleven congeners (see Blakemore, 2012).  The closest taxonomic and toopical association unsurprisingly appears with Deinodrilus gorgon Blakemore, 2010 from the same type-locality." 103185876,Deinodrilus orcus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Deinodrilus,orcus,,,,,"Blakemore, 2012","Mitochondrial DNA ""barcodes"" unambiguously define this taxon in relation to other species." 103185896,Octochaetus diememoratio,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,diememoratio,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 103185930,Octochaetus kenleei,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,OPISTHOPORA,OCTOCHAETIDAE,Octochaetus,kenleei,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 103186045,Anisochaeta animae,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Anisochaeta,animae,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)","Megascolex species from Australia and New Zealand are now placed in the genus Anisochaeta (Blakemore 2010).

The holotype redescription by Blakemore (2011) found spermathecal diverticula and dorsal pores to actually be present but a lack of genital markings (cf. Lee, 1959). This large species (20 cm long) was transferred from Megascolex to Benham’s (1890) overlooked genus Anisochaeta by Blakemore (2004, 2008).

The specific name is likely from “animae” (Latin f. pl.) meaning “spirits” as in Spirits Bay, or “winds”, but in either case as a noun in apposition does not require gender agreement.

" 103186122,Anisochaeta antarctica,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Anisochaeta,antarctica,,,,,"(Baird, 1873)","Megascolex species from Australia and New Zealand are now placed in the genus Anisochaeta (Blakemore 2010).
Note: The publication date is often mistaken as 1871 when Baird read his paper before its publication in 1873 (confirmed by RJB, November 2016).  Despite this, it is one of the first earthworm specimens collected by Dr Andrew Sinclair RN surgeon on Ross’s 1841−1844 “Lords of the Admiralty Antarctic Expedition” and was the second native species to be formally described from New Zealand, after Tokea orthostichon (Schmarda, 1861) - see Blakemore (2012, 2014)." 103186149,Anisochaeta novaezealandiae,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Anisochaeta,novaezealandiae,,,,,"(Lee, 1952)","Megascolex species from Australia and New Zealand are now placed in the genus Anisochaeta (Blakemore 2010).
This species was transferred from Megascolex to Anisochaeta after Blakemore (2000, 2004; 2008; 2010; 2012).  Its name was mispelt with a hypen or sometimes as ""novaezelandiae""." 103186194,Aporodrilus mortenseni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Aporodrilus,mortenseni,,,,,"(Michaelsen, 1924)",Megascolex species from Australia and New Zealand are now placed in the genus Anisochaeta (Blakemore 2010). 103186227,Anisochaeta gigantea,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Anisochaeta,gigantea,,,,,"(Benham, 1906)","New combination in Anisochaeta by Blakemore (2014) followed Michaelsen's (1917: 52) revisionary data." 103186412,Diporochaeta aquatica,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,aquatica,,,,,"Benham, 1903", 103186470,Diporochaeta brachysoma,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,brachysoma,,,,,"Benham, 1909", 103186474,Diporochaeta caswelli,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,caswelli,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103186484,Diporochaeta chathamensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,chathamensis,,,,,"Benham, 1901", 103186597,Diporochaeta heterochaeta,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,heterochaeta,,,,,"Benham, 1909", 103186634,Diporochaeta intermedia,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,intermedia,,,,,"(Beddard, 1889)", 103186751,Diporochaeta minima,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,minima,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103187962,Diporochaeta obtusa,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,obtusa,,,,,"Lee, 1952", 103188016,Diporochaeta pounamu,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,pounamu,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 103188038,Diporochaeta punctata,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,punctata,,,,,"Lee, 1959", 103188043,Diporochaeta radula,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Diporochaeta,radula,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 103190947,Notoscolex repanga,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Notoscolex,repanga,,,,,"Blakemore, 2011", 103191090,Notoscolex tasmani,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Notoscolex,tasmani,,,,,"(Lee, 1959)","Blakemore (2011), from inspection of the Auckland Museum type, determined that Megascolides tasmani more properly belongs in Notoscolex." 103191144,Perionychella ngakawau,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Perionychella,ngakawau,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 103191225,Pontodrilus lacustris,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Pontodrilus,lacustris,,,,,"(Benham, 1903)", 103191309,Tokea aotea,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,aotea,,,,,"(Blakemore, 2011)", 103191335,Tokea equestris,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,equestris,,,,,"(Benham, 1942)", 103191728,Tokea esculenta,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,esculenta,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103191924,Tokea fusca,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,fusca,,,,,"(Lee, 1952)",New combination in neglected genus Tokea was by Blakemore (2014). 103191983,Tokea huttoni,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,huttoni,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103191989,Tokea kirki,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,kirki,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103191998,Tokea maorica,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,maorica,,,,,"Benham, 1905","Of the original eight syntypes plus other specimens from a Mr Cooper (Benham 1905, 1906), Lee (1959) reported only two specimens remaining in Otago Museum (No. A.04.97 - now IV2201 (Type) + IV2203).  Surprisingly, he failed to make a link between the missing syntypes and the six specimens in the Natural History Museum, London (1904:10:5:488-490 of unknown provenance from the ‘Beddard Collection’) misidentified by Lee (1962) (and by Beddard?) as “Megascolides orthostichon” as was noted by Blakemore (2014).

Reports by non-specialists of T. unipapillata from Little Barrier Island are most likely to actually be of T. maorica which Edwards (1954) and Lee (1959) already recorded from there, especially after fixing its confusion with Benham’s T. decipiens synonym that has a similar, superficial marking (see other comments in Blakemore, 2010, 2011)." 103192322,Tokea neglecta,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,neglecta,,,,,"(Cognetti, 1909)","The species T. neglectus (Cognetti, 1909) was recombined in Tokea by Blakemore (2014).  Two specimens in the Natural History Museum, London with registrations 1980.11.24/62, unfortunately not re-inspected by Blakemore (2014) nor for this study, were collected in 1980 by S. Owens from “New Zealand; Mt Hanhungetahi” (= Mt Hauhungatahi) and identified by Mr Ed Easton but with the name misspelt “Megascolides neglectens Cognetti, 1909”." 103192401,Tokea orthostichon,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,orthostichon,,,,,"(Schmarda, 1861)","Michaelsen's contemporary, Ude (1905) thought his species Notoscolex unipapillatus may be the same as T. orthostichon but this was disputed by Blakemore (2012) and by current studies (Blakemore, unpublished).  Of note is that the revision based on types by Michaelsen (1917) did not mention this similarity and showed the male pores to be radically different, both to M. unipapillatus and to Lee’s (1962) revision of London specimens of “Megascolides orthostichon” that Blakemore (2014) showed was T. maorica (see Blakemore 2014 fig. 12 comparisons with Benham’s original figures).  Lee (1962) was seemingly unaware of Michaelsen’s (1917) revision and also missed his own (Lee 1959) review as another apparently significant difference is the spermathecal pores being segmental in T. maorica rather than intersegmental as in T. unipapillata.  For T. orthostichon the spermathecal pore location was given by Lee (1959) as in 7/8/9 the same as T. unipapillatus but – as already noted – Michaelsen (1917) found the male pores and markings, at least, to differ conclusively for these two taxa.

Hypogaeon orthostichon Schmarda (1861) was the first native earthworm formally described from Australasia.  It was collected from Maunga Rei / Mount Wellington in Auckland, New Zealand by Ludwig Karl Schmarda sometime over a five week period of his visit in 1854.
This species was reviewed by Benham (1905), Michaelsen (1917), Lee (1959) and Blakemore (2000, 2008, 2012) with new combination in Tokea by Blakemore (2014).
Although the description of Tokea orthostichon (Schmarda, 1861) was basic, and partly in Latin, it was standard orthodoxy for the time and quite adequate for this species that Schmarda collected at Maunga Rei / Mount Wellington in 1854 as part of a world tour." 103192442,Tokea reptans,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,reptans,,,,,"(Ude, 1905)","A Little Barrier Island DNA report mistook identities as “Megascolides reptans (WM10)” complied with “Megascolides ?unpapillatus (WM11)” (that probably = T. maorica) and DNA of both separate widely from “Megascolides reptans (WM13)”; (data online at doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.024 - as was noted by Blakemore 2010, 2011, 2012)." 103192450,Tokea rubra,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,rubra,,,,,"(Lee, 1952)","Originally as Megascolides ruber, this species was transferred in new combination as Tokea ruber by Blakemore (2012) corrected by Blakemore (2014) as Tokea rubra." 103192488,Tokea sapida,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,sapida,,,,,"Benham, 1905","Tokea sapida was compared to its congeners by Blakemore (2010, 2011) and restored by Blakemore (2012)." 103192505,Tokea suteri,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,suteri,,,,,"Benham, 1905", 103192519,Tokea unipapillata,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,unipapillata,,,,,"(Ude, 1905)","Ude (1905) thought his species may be the same as T. orthostichon (Schmarda, 1861) but this was disputed by Blakemore (2000, 2012) and by the current study (Blakemore, unpublished).  Of note is that a revision based on types by Michaelsen (1917) did not mention this similarity and showed the male pores to be radically different, both to T. unipapillatus and to Lee’s (1962) revision of “Megascolides orthostichon” that Blakemore (2014) thought was T. maorica (see Blakemore 2014 fig. 12 comparisons with Benham’s original figures).  Seemingly, Lee (1962) was unaware of Michaelsen’s (1917) revision and also missed his own (Lee 1959) review as another apparently significant difference is the spermathecal pores being segmental in T. maorica rather than intersegmental as in T. unipapillata.

For T. orthostichon the spermathecal pore location was given by Lee (1959) as 7/8/9 the same as T. unipapillatus but, as already noted, Michaelsen (1917) found the male pores and markings, at least, to differ conclusively for these two taxa.



An alleged “Megascolides ?unipapillatus (WM11)” report by non-specialists has DNA similar or identical with several other “species” including “Megascolides repans (WM10)” (online at: doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.024 - as was noted by Blakemore 2010, 2011, 2012).  Most likely either/or both are actually of T. maorica which Edwards (1954) and Lee (1959) had already recorded from Little Barrier Island more than 50 years ago as also noted by Reid et al. (1982).  Further directed eco-taxonomic study by specialists is requried with recourse to DNA as per Blakemore et al. (2010), Blakemore (2010, 2016).

" 103192666,Tokea viridis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Tokea,viridis,,,,,"(Lee, 1952)"," It was compared to new taxa and transferred to Tokea by Blakemore (2011, 2012)" 103192711,Zacharius aucklandicus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Zacharius,aucklandicus,,,,,"(Benham, 1909)","Genus Plutellus, as reviewed by Blakemore (1994), is restricted to central coastal New South Wales and P. aucklandicus was transferred to Zacharius by Blakemore (2012)." 103192747,Zacharius obo,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Zacharius,obo,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 101729662,Hippocampus dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,dahli,,,,,"Ogilby, 1908","Morphological data for the type specimen of H. dahli have been lost. Specimens from northeast Australia that are classified as H. dahli by Kuiter (2001) are meristically indistinguishable from H. trimaculatus from elsewhere in their range (Appendix D in Lourie et al. 2016), although they apparently lack the three spots characteristic of H. trimaculatus (data for Lourie et al. 1999). Genetic data (648bp, CO1) from a single specimen identified as H. dahli (not publicly available) suggests a 4.86% divergence between this specimen and others from India to Taiwan, Province of China, Indonesia and the Philippines (BOLD 2016).

Further investigation as to the taxonomic status of this species is warranted; however, for this assessment, H. dahli is treated as a valid species restricted to north and northeastern Australia (Lourie et al. 2016)." 101730582,Pegasus tetrabelos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,PEGASIDAE,Pegasus,tetrabelos,,,,,"Osterhage, Pogonoski, Appleyard & White, 2016", 101730467,Festucalex rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,rufus,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2015", 5600,Crocidura floweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,floweri,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 178240,Gekko smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,smithii,,,,,"Gray, 1842","Grismer (2011b) reports morphological differences between populations on Pulau Tioman and Pulau Tulai in Malaysia's Seribuat Archipelago, and suggests that future research is likely to reveal these represent two distinct species." 196595,Cryptoblepharus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)",There is genetic variation between subpopulations from Chichijima and Hahajima Islands. 103308497,Diploderma swinhonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,swinhonis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 177831,Gekko lionotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,lionotum,,,,,"(Annandale, 1905)","This taxon may be a species complex, and further taxonomic research is recommended. Recent genetic research across Thailand and Indochina supports this hypothesis and suggests that undescribed species occur in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos (Grismer et al. 2018). These authors refrain from proposing taxonomic changes at this stage due to potential sampling errors across this wide area." 21356,Neotamias bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,bulleri,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1889)",Tamias bulleri is recognized under the genus Neotamias (Patterson and Norris 2016). 12576,Maccullochella peelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Maccullochella,peelii,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1838)", 103422139,Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,pseudoheteroloba,,,,,"(Hardenberg, 1933)","Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933), previously regarded as a junior synonym of E. heteroloba, is in fact a valid species in its own right and is therefore elevated accordingly (Hata and Motomura 2017)." 13894,Moschus berezovskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,MOSCHIDAE,Moschus,berezovskii,,,,,"Flerov, 1929","This species was revised by Wang et al. (1993). It is a well-defined species sharply distinct from the parapatric or marginally sympatric M. chrysogaster; see Grubb (1982).

Four subspecies are recognized by Grubb (2005):
M. b. berezovskii Flerov, 1929; Sichuan, Qinghai, Tibet
M. b. bjiangensis Wang & Li, 2003; northwestern Yunnan;
M. b. caobangis Dao, 1969; Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, northern Viet Nam;
M. b. yunguiensis Wang & Ma, 1993; Yunnan-Guizhou highland, Hunan, Jiangxi; Wang (2003) lists an unnamed form as occurring in south Gansu, Ningxia, south Shaanxi, west Hubei and west Henan (Wang et al. 1993); Wemmer (1998).

Moschus anhuiensis has in the past been included in this species (Yang et al. 2003); it is still not clear whether or not the recognized subspecies are really part of this species. The subspecies M. b. caobangis is a good candidate for separate species status, but this has never been looked at (J.W. Duckworth pers. comm.). Until recently the Viet Namese population was considered to be M. moschiforus by Russian scientists (much literature follows this; J.W. Duckworth pers. comm.)." 41876,Odontaspis ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,ODONTASPIDIDAE,Odontaspis,ferox,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","The species was first described by Risso (1810) as Squalus ferox from the type locality at Nice and most early records were from the Mediterranean and eastern North Atlantic. Whitley (1950) described O. herbsti from southeastern Australia, differentiating it from O. ferox mainly on differences in dental formulae, and the absence of pigment spots. Garrick's (1974) account of two specimens from New Zealand cast doubt on any differences in dentition between the species but retained O. herbsti for the plain-coloured Odontaspis.

However, Compagno (1984) reviewed the two species and considered that O. herbsti was a junior synonym of O. ferox, noting (as did Robins et al. 1980) that the presence or absence of spots was highly variable, much as with Carcharias taurus. The existence of spotted specimens outside the Mediterranean Sea, including from California (Seigel and Compagno 1986), is supported by in-situ observations made off Lebanon, New Zealand and Malpelo Island (Columbia), where specimens exhibit considerable variability in the presence, density and size of spots. There may be some regionalised trends controlling the intensity of such pigmentation. In the absence of any further evidence to support the validity of an O. ferox/O. herbsti dichotomy, recognition of the single Odontaspis ferox of Risso, as previously argued by Compagno (1984, 2001), remains valid." 16084613,Chorthippus crassiceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,crassiceps,,,,,"Ramme, 1926", 68313777,Dolichopoda cassagnaui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,cassagnaui,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1971", 70613726,Dolichopoda kalithea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,kalithea,,,,,"Di Russo & Rampini, 2012", 68314552,Dolichopoda paraskevi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,paraskevi,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1973", 68314902,Dolichopoda steriotisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,steriotisi,,,,,"Boudou-Saltet, 1973", 68314976,Dolichopoda thasosensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,thasosensis,,,,,"Chopard, 1964", 45463437,Eupholidoptera cretica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,cretica,,,,,"Ramme, 1951", 17046307,Dolichopoda gasparoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Dolichopoda,gasparoi,,,,,"Rampini & di Russo, 2008", 44711767,Eupholidoptera gemellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eupholidoptera,gemellata,,,,,"Willemse & Kruseman, 1976", 17181907,Poecilimon athos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,athos,,,,,"Tilmans, Willemse & Willemse, 1989", 68454735,Poecilimon bidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,bidens,,,,,"Retowski, 1889", 17181953,Poecilimon erimanthos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,erimanthos,,,,,"Willemse & Heller, 1992", 68485512,Troglophilus cavicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,cavicola,,,,,"(Kollar, 1833)", 68485583,Troglophilus spinulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Troglophilus,spinulosus,,,,,"Chopard, 1921", 103592990,Andinagrion saliceti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Andinagrion,saliceti,,,,,"(Ris, 1904)", 103593453,Lamproneura lucerna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Lamproneura,lucerna,,,,,"De Marmels, 2003", 103593731,Protoneura rojiza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,rojiza,,,,,"González, 1992", 103593861,Elasmothemis schubarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,schubarti,,,,,"(Santos, 1945)", 103593974,Erythrodiplax connata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,connata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 103593978,Gynothemis aurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Gynothemis,aurea,,,,,"Navás, 1933", 103594012,Micrathyria ringueleti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,ringueleti,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1988", 103594033,Oligoclada laetitia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,laetitia,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 103636217,Chrysomallon squamiferum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Chrysomallon,squamiferum,,,,,"Chen, Linse, Copley & Rogers, 2015", 103645058,Ariosoma dolichopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,dolichopterum,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2015", 103645074,Ariosoma fasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,fasciatum,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 103645092,Ariosoma gnanadossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,gnanadossi,,,,,"Talwar & Mukherjee, 1977", 103645102,Ariosoma hemiaspidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,hemiaspidus,,,,,"(Wade, 1946)", 103645110,Ariosoma sanzoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Ariosoma,sanzoi,,,,,"(D'Ancona, 1928)", 103645248,Bassanago albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bassanago,albescens,,,,,"(Barnard, 1923)", 103684104,Bassanago nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bassanago,nielseni,,,,,"(Karmovskaya, 1990)", 103684251,Bathycongrus longicavis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,longicavis,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2009", 103684273,Bathycongrus parapolyporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,parapolyporus,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2009", 103684425,Bathycongrus parviporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,parviporus,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2011", 103684487,Bathycongrus unimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Bathycongrus,unimaculatus,,,,,"Karmovskaya, 2009", 103685136,Conger jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,jordani,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1958", 103686062,Conger marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,marginatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850","Conger marginatus was removed from synonymy with Conger cinereus by Randall (2005, 2007)." 103686142,Conger monganius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,monganius,,,,,"(Phillipps, 1932)","This species has long been known as Conger wilsoni (Bloch and Schneider 1801), applied to specimens from throughout the Indo-Pacific. However, the species as described by Bloch and Schneider is unidentifiable. The oldest available name that unequivocally refers to this species is Leptocephalus monganius Phillipps, 1932 (Smith and Stewart 2015)." 103686485,Gnathophis ginanago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gnathophis,ginanago,,,,,"(Asano, 1958)", 103687308,Heteroconger mercyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,mercyae,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2009", 103693422,Macrocephenchelys soela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Macrocephenchelys,soela,,,,,"Castle, 1990", 103707192,Parabathymyrus philippinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Parabathymyrus,philippinensis,,,,,"Ho, Smith & Shao, 2015", 103707407,Pseudophichthys macroporis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Pseudophichthys,macroporis,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1968",This species was recently assigned to the genus Bathycongrus (Smith and Ho 2018). 103768490,Harpagophora alokopyga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Harpagophora,alokopyga,,,,,"Attems, 1909", 103768676,Harpagophora attenuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Harpagophora,attenuata,,,,,"(Brandt, 1841)", 103768813,Harpagophora dittoktenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Harpagophora,dittoktenus,,,,,"Attems, 1914", 103768832,Zinophora levis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,levis,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103768847,Harpagophora monodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Harpagophora,monodus,,,,,"Attems, 1909", 103768945,Metaphora spirobolinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Metaphora,spirobolinus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1881)", 103769114,Poratophilus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Poratophilus,australis,,,,,"Silvestri, 1897", 103769166,Poratophilus gorteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Poratophilus,gorteri,,,,,"Hoffman, 1994", 103769194,Zinophora brevilobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,brevilobata,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103769229,Zinophora diplodontus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,diplodontus,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103769248,Zinophora junodi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,junodi,,,,,"(Carl, 1917)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103769341,Zinophora ochropygialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,ochropygialis,,,,,"(Schubart, 1966)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103769384,Zinophora punctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,punctatus,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103770172,Zinophora sabulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,sabulosus,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103770247,Zinophora similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,similis,,,,,"(Carl, 1917)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103770998,Zinophora brevispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,brevispina,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1965)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103771744,Zinophora laminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,laminata,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1965)","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103772649,Zinophora mudenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,mudenensis,,,,,"Redman, 2003","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103773251,Zinophora munda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,munda,,,,,"Chamberlin, 1927","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103773630,Zinophora pearlae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,pearlae,,,,,"Redman, 2003","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103776520,Zinophora slotowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,slotowi,,,,,"Redman, 2003","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 103776623,Zinophora thukela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,HARPAGOPHORIDAE,Zinophora,thukela,,,,,"Redman, 2003","Redman et al. (2003) described two species groups for Zinophora: munda group (brevilobata, diplodonta, junodi, munda, laminata, sabulosa and similis); and gracilis group (brevispina, gracilis, slotowi, levis, mudenensis, ochropygialis, pearlae, punctata and thukela)." 59662,Doratogonus avius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,avius,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59663,Doratogonus barbatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,barbatus,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59664,Doratogonus furculifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,furculifer,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1965)", 59665,Doratogonus herberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,herberti,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59666,Doratogonus hoffmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,hoffmani,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59667,Doratogonus major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,major,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1965)", 59668,Doratogonus infragilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,infragilis,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59669,Doratogonus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,meridionalis,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59670,Doratogonus minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,minor,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59671,Doratogonus natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,natalensis,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59672,Doratogonus precarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,precarius,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59673,Doratogonus rubipodus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,rubipodus,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59674,Doratogonus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59675,Doratogonus zuluensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,zuluensis,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59676,Doratogonus annulipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,annulipes,,,,,"Carl, 1917", 59677,Doratogonus bilobatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,bilobatus,,,,,"(Schubart, 1966)", 59678,Doratogonus castaneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,castaneus,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)", 59679,Doratogonus circulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,circulus,,,,,"(Attems, 1914)", 59680,Doratogonus cristulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,cristulatus,,,,,"(Porat, 1872)", 59681,Doratogonus falcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,falcatus,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)", 59682,Doratogonus flavifilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,flavifilis,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 59683,Doratogonus krausi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,krausi,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1965)", 59684,Doratogonus levigatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,levigatus,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)", 59685,Doratogonus liberatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,liberatus,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59686,Doratogonus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,montanus,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59687,Doratogonus praealtus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,praealtus,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59688,Doratogonus rugifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,rugifrons,,,,,"(Attems, 1922)", 59689,Doratogonus stephensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,stephensi,,,,,"Hamer, 2000", 59690,Doratogonus subpartitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,subpartitus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1881)", 59691,Doratogonus transvaalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,transvaalensis,,,,,"(Schubart, 1966)", 59692,Doratogonus xanthopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,xanthopus,,,,,"Attems, 1928", 103866629,Archispirostreptus gigas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Archispirostreptus,gigas,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 103866740,Bicoxidens brincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Bicoxidens,brincki,,,,,"Schubart, 1966", 103868668,Cacuminostreptus conatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Cacuminostreptus,conatus,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)", 103868741,Cacuminostreptus vumbaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Cacuminostreptus,vumbaensis,,,,,"Mwabvu, 2010", 103869611,Camaricoproctus bombycinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,bombycinus,,,,,"Attems, 1928", 103869628,Camaricoproctus disparatidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,disparatidens,,,,,"Lawrence, 1965", 103869634,Camaricoproctus gracilidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,gracilidens,,,,,"Lawrence, 1965", 103869663,Camaricoproctus pauciannulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,pauciannulatus,,,,,"Jeekel, 1965", 103869687,Camaricoproctus planidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,planidens,,,,,"Lawrence, 1965", 103869730,Camaricoproctus torquidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,torquidens,,,,,"Lawrence, 1965", 103869786,Camaricoproctus transvaalicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,transvaalicus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1966", 103869792,Camaricoproctus tumididens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Camaricoproctus,tumididens,,,,,"Lawrence, 1965", 103873208,Doratogonus microsetus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,microsetus,,,,,"Hamer, 2009", 103873294,Doratogonus minimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,minimus,,,,,"Hamer, 2009", 103874014,Doratogonus peregrinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,peregrinus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1965)", 103874038,Doratogonus rattrayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,rattrayi,,,,,"Hamer, 2009", 103874062,Doratogonus rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Doratogonus,rhodesianus,,,,,"(Chamberlin, 1927)", 103874335,Spirostreptus heros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Spirostreptus,heros,,,,,"Porat, 1872", 103874457,Spirostreptus unciger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Spirostreptus,unciger,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)", 103874490,Spirostreptus kruegeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROSTREPTIDA,SPIROSTREPTIDAE,Spirostreptus,kruegeri,,,,,"(Attems, 1928)", 103896223,Agkistropleuron simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Agkistropleuron,simplex,,,,,"Bruner, 1910", 103896506,Andriana hancocki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Andriana,hancocki,,,,,"(Bruner, 1910)", 103896635,Andriana intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Andriana,intermedia,,,,,"Devriese, 1991", 103896653,Andriana pyramidata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Andriana,pyramidata,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103896712,Andriana tertia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Andriana,tertia,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103896739,Arexion suavis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Arexion,suavis,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103896785,Bara turgida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Bara,turgida,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103896872,Charagotettix longispinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Charagotettix,longispinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1939)", 103896913,Charagotettix lucubensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Charagotettix,lucubensis,,,,,"Brancsik, 1893", 103896966,Charagotettix nannus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Charagotettix,nannus,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103896977,Charagotettix sogai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Charagotettix,sogai,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103896994,Charagotettix stenocnemis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Charagotettix,stenocnemis,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103897185,Cryptotettix fanovana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cryptotettix,fanovana,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103897310,Cryptotettix imerina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cryptotettix,imerina,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103897316,Cryptotettix impennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cryptotettix,impennis,,,,,"Günther, 1939", 103897388,Cryptotettix insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cryptotettix,insularis,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103897432,Cryptotettix macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cryptotettix,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Günther, 1974",Cryptotettix macrophthalmus probably belongs to the genus Rhynchotettix (H. Devriese pers. comm. 2016).
 103897450,Cryptotettix similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cryptotettix,similis,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103897503,Cryptotettix spinilobus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cryptotettix,spinilobus,,,,,"Hancock, 1900", 103897825,Eurybiades cerastes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Eurybiades,cerastes,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103897852,Holocerus lucifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Holocerus,lucifer,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)",Holocerus taurus is probably a junior synonym of H. lucifer. The data for H. taurus is therefore considered in this assessment. 103897936,Holocerus taurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Holocerus,taurus,,,,,"Rehn, 1929",Holocerus taurus is probably a junior synonym of H. lucifer. The data for H. taurus is therefore considered in the assessment of H. lucifer. 103898063,Hovacris undulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Hovacris,undulata,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103898075,Hybotettix camelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Hybotettix,camelus,,,,,"Devriese, 1991", 103898107,Hybotettix humeralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Hybotettix,humeralis,,,,,"Hancock, 1900", 103898218,Isandrus cicatricosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Isandrus,cicatricosus,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103898259,Isandrus gibbosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Isandrus,gibbosus,,,,,"Chopard, 1952", 103898314,Lepocranus fuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Lepocranus,fuscus,,,,,"Devriese, 1991", 103898453,Morphopoides madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Morphopoides,madagascariensis,,,,,"Günther, 1939", 103898667,Notocerus cornutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Notocerus,cornutus,,,,,"Hancock, 1907", 103898756,Notocerus formidabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Notocerus,formidabilis,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103898803,Ocytettix latihumerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Ocytettix,latihumerus,,,,,"Hancock, 1907", 103898892,Oxytettix cataphractus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Oxytettix,cataphractus,,,,,"Rehn, 1937", 103898920,Oxytettix hastatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Oxytettix,hastatus,,,,,"(Hancock, 1900)", 103898974,Oxytettix lathraeospanius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Oxytettix,lathraeospanius,,,,,"(Günther, 1939)", 103899024,Oxytettix macrocerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Oxytettix,macrocerus,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103899062,Paratettix cinereus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Paratettix,cinereus,,,,,"Bolívar, 1887", 103899227,Procytettix robinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Procytettix,robinsoni,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103899259,Pseudosystolederus follvikae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pseudosystolederus,follvikae,,,,,"Devriese, 1995", 103899306,Pseudosystolederus sikorai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pseudosystolederus,sikorai,,,,,"Günther, 1939", 103899471,Pterotettix alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pterotettix,alluaudi,,,,,"Günther, 1939",The taxonomy of this species needs to be studied and compared with other Pterotettix species. It is currently not clear whether it represents a synonym or a unique species (H. Devriese pers. comm. 2016). 103899483,Pterotettix andrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pterotettix,andrei,,,,,"Bolívar, 1887",The taxonomy of this species needs to be studied and compared with other Pterotettix species. It is currently not clear whether it represents a synonym or a unique species (H. Devriese pers. comm. 2016). 103899513,Pterotettix asmodaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pterotettix,asmodaeus,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)",The taxonomy of this species needs to be studied and compared with other Pterotettix species. It is currently not clear whether it represents a synonym or a unique species (H. Devriese pers. comm. 2016). 103899555,Pterotettix belphegor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pterotettix,belphegor,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)",The taxonomy of this species needs to be studied and compared with other Pterotettix species. It is currently not clear whether it represents a synonym or a unique species (H. Devriese pers. comm. 2016). 103899570,Pterotettix bigibbosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pterotettix,bigibbosus,,,,,"(Hancock, 1900)", 103899604,Pterotettix humilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Pterotettix,humilis,,,,,"Günther, 1939",The taxonomy of this species needs to be studied and compared with other Pterotettix species. It is currently not clear whether it represents a synonym or a unique species (H. Devriese pers. comm. 2016). 103899627,Rehnitettix olsufieffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Rehnitettix,olsufieffi,,,,,"Günther, 1939", 103899663,Rhynchotettix hancocki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Rhynchotettix,hancocki,,,,,"Bruner, 1910", 103899696,Rhynchotettix rostratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Rhynchotettix,rostratus,,,,,"Hancock, 1907", 103899765,Silanotettix baroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Silanotettix,baroides,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103899872,Silanotettix notangulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Silanotettix,notangulus,,,,,"Günther, 1959", 103899895,Silanotettix strumiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Silanotettix,strumiger,,,,,"Günther, 1959", 103899954,Tetrix nanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tetrix,nanus,,,,,"Bruner, 1910", 103899986,Thymochares bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,bolivari,,,,,"Rehn, 1937", 103900001,Thymochares crassipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,crassipes,,,,,"Rehn, 1937", 103900307,Thymochares delphini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,delphini,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103900325,Thymochares exiguus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,exiguus,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103900337,Thymochares frontanguolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,frontanguolus,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 103900347,Thymochares galeatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,galeatus,,,,,"Rehn, 1929", 103900351,Thymochares madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1959)", 103900394,Thymochares manjakatompo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,manjakatompo,,,,,"(Günther, 1974)", 103900431,Thymochares modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1974)", 103900518,Thymochares pieraggii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,pieraggii,,,,,"Devriese, 1995", 103900525,Thymochares sambavana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,sambavana,,,,,"(Günther, 1974)", 103900540,Thymochares simplicior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,simplicior,,,,,"(Günther, 1974)", 60176,Acroteriobatus zanzibarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,zanzibarensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1926)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, elevating the former subgenus Acroteriobatus to generic status. The taxonomic validity of this species is in question and requires review. However, until such time as this problem is solved it is treated as a valid species." 103933123,Rhinobatos borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,borneensis,,,,,"Last, Séret & Naylor, 2016", 194897,Arnoglossus kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,kessleri,,,,,"Schmidt, 1915", 194857,Callionymus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,fasciatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1837", 198636,Callionymus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,pusillus,,,,,"Delaroche, 1809", 198657,Gobius auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,auratus,,,,,"Risso, 1810","Heymer and Zander (1992) concluded that the Yellow Mediterranean Goby, called Gobius luteus by Miller and El-Tawil (1974), is the ‘true’ G. auratus Risso, 1810 and designated a neotype. The species supposed to be G. auratus by Miller and El-Tawil (1974) was designated as an undescribed species and the new name G. xanthocephalus was applied after the investigation of abundant populations of both forms at Banyuls-sur-Mer, France (Heymer and Zander 1992). Herler et al. (2005) redescribed G. auratus Risso, 1810 to extend the morphological characteristics of the species to cover also the northern Adriatic population. Two colour morphs are described: pure yellow colour morph 1 from the Mediterranean and south and central Adriatic and yellow dotted colour morph 2 from the northern Adriatic." 194874,Gobius geniporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobius,geniporus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1837", 198664,Lebetus guilleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lebetus,guilleti,,,,,"(Le Danois, 1913)","This species might have been misidentified as Lebetus scorpioides (Collett, 1874), Herler and Kovacic (2002)." 16545183,Nomeus gronovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Nomeus,gronovii,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 60171,Pseudobatos productus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,productus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1854)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos." 104005557,Rhinobatos schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,schlegelii,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1841","This species was previously confused with other guitarfishes and erroneously considered to be widespread in the Indo-Pacific. Rhinobatos formosensis from Taiwan is now known to be a junior synonym of R. schlegelii (Last et al. 2016a, Last et al. 2016b)." 104007203,Rhinobatos whitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,whitei,,,,,"Last, Corrigan & Naylor, 2014","The species is distinguished from its regional congeners, the Bottlennose Guitarfish (Rhinobatos schlegelii) by colour, morphology, and meristic characters (Last et al. 2014)." 104019954,Rhynchobatus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,immaculatus,,,,,"Last, Ho & Chen, 2013","

The taxonomy of the 'whitespotted wedgefish' species-complex (which includes several Indo-West Pacific wedgefishes) is not fully resolved, and the status of the Taiwanese Wedgefish is in need of critical re-evaluation by comparing it to other regional species. 

" 104021731,Aetobatus laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,AETOBATIDAE,Aetobatus,laticeps,,,,,"(Gill, 1865)", 104021947,Aetobatus narutobiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,AETOBATIDAE,Aetobatus,narutobiei,,,,,"White, Furumitsu & Yamaguchi, 2013","This species was previously considered to be conspecific with Aetobatus flagellum, but the species have since been shown to differ genetically and morphologically (White et al. 2013)." 103656357,Erythropitta inspeculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,inspeculata,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1894)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656367,Erythropitta caeruleitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,caeruleitorques,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656371,Erythropitta palliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,palliceps,,,,,"(Brüggemann, 1876)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656444,Erythropitta macklotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,macklotii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1834)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 104025473,Myliobatis ridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,ridens,,,,,"Ruocco, Lucifora, Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña & Delpiani, 2012", 103656944,Eurylaimus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Eurylaimus,javanicus,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821","

Eurylaimus javanicus and E. harterti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. javanicus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103657286,Epinecrophylla hoffmannsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,hoffmannsi,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1906)","Epinecrophylla ornata and E. hoffmannsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previsouly lumped as E. ornata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103658669,Drymophila klagesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,klagesi,,,,,"Hellmayr & von Seilern, 1912","

Drymophila caudata, D. klagesi, D. hellmayri and D. striaticeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. caudata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22730409,Gymnopithys bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Gymnopithys,bicolor,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1863)","

Gymnopithys leucaspis and G. bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as G. leucaspis following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103659822,Poliocrania maculifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Poliocrania,maculifer,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1906)","

Poliocrania exsul and P. maculifer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Myrmeciza exsul following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724765,Myrmornis stictoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmornis,stictoptera,,,,,"(Salvin, 1893)", 103660400,Grallaria saltuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,saltuensis,,,,,"Wetmore, 1946","

Grallaria rufula and G. saltuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. rufula following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103660917,Grallaricula leymebambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,leymebambae,,,,,"Carriker, 1933","

Grallaricula ferrugineipectus and G. leymebambae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. ferrugineipectus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103661265,Deconychura pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Deconychura,pallida,,,,,"Zimmer, 1929","

Deconychura longicauda, D. typica and D. pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. longicauda following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103661278,Sittasomus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sittasomus,griseus,,,,,"Jardine, 1847","

Sittasomus griseicapillus and S. griseus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. griseicapillus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 104039923,Bathytoshia brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Bathytoshia,brevicaudata,,,,,"(Hutton, 1875)","Bathytoshia was resurrected for a subgroup of Dasyatis and molecular data reveal that B. brevicaudata and Dasyatis matsubarai Miyosi, 1939 are populations of just one species: Bathytoshia brevicaudata (Last et al. 2016)." 22703015,Dendrocincla turdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocincla,turdina,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1820)",

Dendrocincla fuliginosa and D. turdina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. fuliginosa following AOU (1998 & supplements) and SACC (2005 & updates).

 

103661296,Dendrocolaptes punctipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocolaptes,punctipectus,,,,,"Phelps & Gilliard, 1940",

Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae and D. punctipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. sanctithomae following AOU (1998 & supplements) and SACC (2005 & updates).

 

103670131,Xiphorhynchus guttatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,guttatoides,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1850)",

Xiphorhynchus guttatus and X. guttatoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. guttatus following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

103670608,Lepidocolaptes duidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,duidae,,,,,"J.T. Zimmer, 1934","

Lepidocolaptes albolineatus, L. duidae and L. fuscicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. albolineatus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103670637,Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,fuscicapillus,,,,,"(von Pelzeln, 1868)","

Lepidocolaptes albolineatus, L. duidae and L. fuscicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. albolineatus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103671013,Cichlocolaptes holti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cichlocolaptes,holti,,,,,"(Pinto, 1941)","

Cichlocolaptes leucophrus and C. holti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. leucophrus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103672251,Automolus virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,virgatus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)","Automolus subulatus and A. viragtus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hyloctistes subulatus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22731952,Automolus paraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,paraensis,,,,,"E. Hartert, 1902","Automolus infuscatus and A. paraensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. infuscatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103672703,Leptasthenura pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,pallida,,,,,"Dabbene, 1920","Leptasthenura aegithaloides, L. berlepschi and L. pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. aegithaloides following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 104050689,Glaucostegus cemiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,GLAUCOSTEGIDAE,Glaucostegus,cemiculus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)","Recent changes to the systematics of Rhinobatos have elevated the subgenus Glaucostegus to full generic status and placed this genus into a family of its own: Glaucostegidae (Compagno 2005, Last et al. 2016a).

Séret and McEachran (1986) tentatively synonymised Glaucostegus petiti (reported from the Western Indian Ocean) with G. cemiculus because the morphometrics and the meristics of the holotype and only known specimen of G. petiti fell into the ranges of variation of G. cemiculus. Glaucostegus cemiculus is an Eastern Atlantic species, however, and does not occur in the Western Indian Ocean from which G. petiti is reported (Bernard Séret pers. comm. 2008). It is possible that there was a mistake in the origin of the type specimen, although the collector Georges Petit did explore the Tuléar region of Madagasar. No further specimens of Glaucostegus petiti have been found to date, despite the presence of an active research station in Tuléar for decades, although other guitarfishes (Acroteriobatus annulatus and Rhinobatos holcorhynchus) have been collected from the region (Bernard Séret pers. comm. 2008).

Glaucostegus petiti is considered a synonym of G. cemiculus (William T. White and David A. Ebert pers. comm. 2016)." 22732009,Asthenes arequipae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,arequipae,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Asthenes dorbignyi. A. arequipae, A. usheri and A. huancavelicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. dorbignyi following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103676648,Pipreola squamipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,squamipectus,,,,,"(Chapman, 1925)","Pipreola frontalis and P. squamipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. frontalis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103677009,Tityra braziliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Tityra,braziliensis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)","Tityra cayana and T. braziliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cayana following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103677088,Pachyramphus griseigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,griseigularis,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1883","Pachyramphus viridis , P. xanthogenys and P. griseigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. viridis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22728535,Laniisoma buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Laniisoma,buckleyi,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)","Laniisoma elegans and L. buckleyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. elegans following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680373,Leptopogon albidiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Leptopogon,albidiventer,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1918","Leptopogon superciliaris and L. albidiventer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. superciliaris following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22731695,Tolmomyias viridiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tolmomyias,viridiceps,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1873)","Tolmomyias flaviventris and T. viridiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. falviventris (see SACC [2005 & updates], Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993] and Stotz et al. [1996])." 22734941,Microptilotis cinereifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,cinereifrons,,,,,"(Rand, 1936)","

Microptilotis gracilis and M. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Meliphaga gracilis following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22704697,Gerygone hypoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,hypoxantha,,,,,"Salvadori, 1878","

Gerygone magnirostris and G. hypoxantha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. magnirostris following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103691282,Calamanthus montanellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Calamanthus,montanellus,,,,,"Milligan, 1903","

Calamanthus campestris and C. montanellus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. campestris following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103691602,Pitohui uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Pitohui,uropygialis,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)","

Pitohui kirhocephalus, P. cerviniventris and P. uropygialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. kirhocephalus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103691575,Daphoenositta papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NEOSITTIDAE,Daphoenositta,papuensis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)","

Daphoenositta chrysoptera and D. papuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. chrysoptera following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103692733,Oriolus consanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,consanguineus,,,,,"(Wardlaw Ramsay, 1881)","

Oriolus cruentus and O. consanguineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. cruentus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103693015,Paramythia olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARAMYTHIIDAE,Paramythia,olivacea,,,,,"van Oort, 1910","

Paramythia montium and P. olivacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. montium following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693170,Ptilorrhoa geislerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Ptilorrhoa,geislerorum,,,,,"(Meyer, 1892)","

Ptilorrhoa caerulescens and P. geislerorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as P. caerulescens following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693208,Cinclosoma marginatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Cinclosoma,marginatum,,,,,"Sharpe, 1883","

Cinclosoma castaneothorax and C. marginatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. castaneothorax following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693230,Cinclosoma alisteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Cinclosoma,alisteri,,,,,"Mathews, 1910","

Cinclosoma cinnamomeum and C. alisteri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinnamomeum following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693247,Falcunculus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FALCUNCULIDAE,Falcunculus,leucogaster,,,,,"Gould, 1838","

Falcunculus frontatus, F. whitei and F. leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. frontatus following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693575,Pteruthius aeralatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pteruthius,aeralatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1855","

Pteruthius flaviscapis and P. aeralatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. flaviscapis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693709,Hylophilus griseiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,griseiventris,,,,,"von Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","

Hylophilus thoracicus and H. griseiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. thoracicus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 104071039,Bathytoshia lata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Bathytoshia,lata,,,,,"(Garman, 1880)","Bathytoshia formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis, but it is now recognised as a valid genus (Last et al. 2016a); hence Dasyatis (Bathytoshia) lata is now Bathytoshia lata. Molecular data (G. Naylor pers. comm. 1 November 2012) provide evidence that Bathytoshia (as Dasyatis) lata, D. thetidis Ogilby, 1899, D. ushiei (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925), and eastern Atlantic stingrays identified as D. centroura (e.g. McEachran and Capapé 1984), are populations of D. lata (Last et al. 2016a). The species was originally described by Garman (1880) from Hawaii and also confirmed by Fowler (1941). Teng (1962) reported this species from Taiwan (1962) although the record from Taiwan may be a different species." 103694114,Pericrocotus albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,albifrons,,,,,"Jerdon, 1862","

Pericrocotus erythropygius and P. albifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. erythropygius following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103694129,Pericrocotus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,montanus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879","

Pericrocotus solaris and P. montanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. solaris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103702904,Lalage conjuncta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,conjuncta,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1924","

Lalage leucomela and L. conjuncta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. leucomela following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103702994,Lalage minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,minor,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)","

Lalage melanoleuca and L. minor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. melanoleuca following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103703525,Cracticus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Cracticus,argenteus,,,,,"Gould, 1841","

Cracticus torquatus and C. argenteus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. torquatus following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103703653,Cyanolanius comorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Cyanolanius,comorensis,,,,,"(Shelley, 1894)","

Cyanolanius madagascarinus and C. comorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. madagascarinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103703914,Tephrodornis affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Tephrodornis,affinis,,,,,"Blyth, 1847","

Tephrodornis pondicerianus and T. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. pondicerianus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103680670,Myiotriccus phoenicurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiotriccus,phoenicurus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)","Myiotriccus ornatus and M. phoenicurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. ornatus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 104009008,Zimmerius petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,petersi,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1907)","Zimmerius improbus and Z. petersi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. improbus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22731687,Stigmatura bahiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Stigmatura,bahiae,,,,,"Chapman, 1926","Stigmatura napensis and S. bahiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. napensis (see SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996])." 103681074,Euscarthmus fulviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Euscarthmus,fulviceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1871","Euscarthmus meloryphus and E. fulviceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. meloryphus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681211,Elaenia sordida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,sordida,,,,,"J.T. Zimmer, 1941","Elaenia obscura and E. sordida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. obscura following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681276,Elaenia brachyptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,brachyptera,,,,,"von Berlepsch, 1907","Elaenia chiriquensis and E. brachyptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. chriquensis following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681580,Myiopagis cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,cinerea,,,,,"(von Pelzeln, 1868)","Myiopagis caniceps, M. cinerea and M. parambae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. caniceps following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681584,Myiopagis parambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,parambae,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1904)","Myiopagis caniceps, M. cinerea and M. parambae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. caniceps following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681912,Phaeomyias tumbezana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phaeomyias,tumbezana,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1877)","Phaeomyias murina and P. tumbezana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. murina following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22731714,Myiodynastes solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiodynastes,solitarius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)","Myiodynastes maculatus and M. solitarius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. maculatus (see AOU [1998 & supplements]; SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996])." 103682320,Sirystes albocinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sirystes,albocinereus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1880","Sirystes sibilator, S. albogriseus, S. albocinereus and S. subcansecens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. sibilator following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103682795,Ochthoeca thoracica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,thoracica,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1874","Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris, O. nigrita and O. thoracica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. cinnamomeiventris following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22731705,Knipolegus cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,cabanisi,,,,,"Schulz, 1882","Knipolegus signatus and K. cabanisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as K. signatus (see SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996])." 103683917,Contopus bogotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,bogotensis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","Contopus cinereus , C. punensis and C. bogotensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinereus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22736077,Sericulus ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Sericulus,ardens,,,,,"(D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","Sericulus aureus and S. ardens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. aureus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103684164,Amytornis modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,modestus,,,,,"(North, 1902)","Amytornis textilis and A. modestus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. textilis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103685045,Entomyzon albipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Entomyzon,albipennis,,,,,"Gould, 1841","Entomyzon cyanotis and E. albipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously lumped as E. cyanotis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 104085094,Telatrygon zugei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Telatrygon,zugei,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the family Dasyatidae, erecting the morphologically conservative genus Telatrygon and moving zugei across to this new genus. Telatrygon crozieri (Blyth, 1860) from the northern Indian Ocean is considered distinct from T. zugei (which occurs in the western Pacific)." 22707847,Batis dimorpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,dimorpha,,,,,"(Shelley, 1893)",

Batis capensis and B. dimorpha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. capensis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

104087812,Telatrygon crozieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Telatrygon,crozieri,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Last et al. (2016a) resurrected the species Telatrygon crozieri (Blythe, 1886) from its former synonymy with Dasyatis (=Telatrygon) zugei." 103706204,Laniarius holomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,holomelas,,,,,"(Jackson, 1906)","Laniarius poensis and L. holomelas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. poensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103714645,Symposiachrus ateralbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,ateralbus,,,,,"(Salomonsen, 1964)","

Symposiachrus verticalis and S. ateralbus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Monarcha verticalis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103713884,Symposiachrus malaitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,malaitae,,,,,"(Mayr, 1931)","

Symposiachrus barbatus and S. malaitae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Monarcha barbatus (see Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Coates et al. [2006]; Filardi and Smith [2005]).

" 103715597,Trochocercus bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Trochocercus,bivittatus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1879","

Trochocercus cyanomelas and T. bivittatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cyanomelas following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103716224,Terpsiphone batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,batesi,,,,,"Chapin, 1921","

Terpsiphone rufocinerea and T. batesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. rufocinerea following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103718714,Lanius phoenicuroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,phoenicuroides,,,,,"(Schalow, 1875)","

Lanius isabellinus and L. phoenicuroides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. isabellinus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103719063,Platysmurus aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Platysmurus,aterrimus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1829)","

Platysmurus leucopterus and P. aterrimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. leucopterus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103719397,Urocissa xanthomelana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Urocissa,xanthomelana,,,,,"(Delacour, 1927)","

Urocissa whiteheadi and U. xanthomelana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as U. whiteheadi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 104096979,Zospeum tholussum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,tholussum,,,,,"Weigand, 2013", 103727443,Nucifraga hemispila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Nucifraga,hemispila,,,,,"Vigors, 1831","

Nucifraga caryocatactes, N. hemispila and N. multipunctata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. caryocatactes following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103730878,Rhamphocharis piperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Rhamphocharis,piperata,,,,,"(De Vis, 1898)","

Rhamphocharis crassirostris and R. piperata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. crassirostris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 104110247,Hemitrygon longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,longicauda,,,,,"(Last & White, 2013)","The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat, 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae." 103734886,Petroica dannefaerdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,dannefaerdi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1894)","

Petroica macrocephala and P. dannefaerdi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. macrocephala following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993), Turbott (1990).

" 60148,Hemitrygon akajei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,akajei,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)",The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis; it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 103735022,Petroica longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,longipes,,,,,"(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","

Petroica australis and P. longipes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. australis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

 

" 103735485,Monachella coultasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Monachella,coultasi,,,,,"Mayr, 1934","

Monachella muelleriana and M. coultasi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. muelleriana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22724769,Microeca tormenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Microeca,tormenti,,,,,"Mathews, 1916","

Microeca flavigaster and M. tormenti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. flavigaster following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 161533,Hemitrygon bennetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,bennetti,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)",The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis; it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 103753484,Heteromyias armiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Heteromyias,armiti,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","

Heteromyias albispecularis, H. armiti and H. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. albispecularis (see Christidis & Boles [1994, 2008]).

" 103761508,Poecile hyrcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,hyrcanus,,,,,"Sarudny & von Loudon, 1905","Poecile lugubris and P. hyrcanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus lugubris following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103761672,Cyanistes teneriffae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Cyanistes,teneriffae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","Cyanistes caeruleus and C. teneriffae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus caeruleus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22711864,Melaniparus pallidiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,pallidiventris,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1885)",

Melaniparus rufiventris and M. pallidiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus rufiventris following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

195442,Hemitrygon parvonigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,parvonigra,,,,,"(Last & White, 2008)","The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat, 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae.

The Dwarf Black Stingray (Hemitrygon parvonigra) was referred to as Dasyatis sp. A in Last and Stevens (1994) before being described as a new species by Last and White (2008)." 181244884,Hypanus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,americanus,,,,,"(Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928)","The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis and it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. Petean et al. (2020) revised Hypanus americanus, separating the newly described species, H. berthalutzae, whose distribution includes the Brazilian coastline from the mouth of the Amazon River to São Paulo State." 44592,Hypanus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,guttatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis and it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 45925,Hypanus marianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,marianae,,,,,"(Gomes, Rosa & Gadig, 2000)","The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat, 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae.

This species was mistakenly named Dasyatis macrophthalma in the title of the original description. A correction note was provided by Rosa et al. (2000)." 103817309,Bleda ugandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Bleda,ugandae,,,,,"van Someren, 1915",

Bleda notatus and B. ugandae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. notatus following Chappuis and Erard (1993).

 

103817506,Atimastillas flavigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Atimastillas,flavigula,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1880)","

Atimastillas flavicollis and A. falvigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Chlorocichla flavicollis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22712821,Arizelocichla striifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,striifacies,,,,,"(Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)",

Arizelocichla milanjensis and A. striifacies (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Andropadus milanjensis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

103818240,Arizelocichla fusciceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,fusciceps,,,,,"(Shelley, 1893)","

Arizelocichla nigriceps, A. chlorigula, A. neumanni and A. fusciceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Andropadus nigriceps following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103818289,Arizelocichla chlorigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,chlorigula,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1899)","

Arizelocichla nigriceps, A. chlorigula, A. neumanni and A. fusciceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Andropadus nigriceps following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103818359,Arizelocichla neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,neumanni,,,,,"(E. Hartert, 1922)","

Arizelocichla nigriceps, A. chlorigula, A. neumanni and A. fusciceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Andropadus nigriceps following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103822693,Hemixos cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hemixos,cinereus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)","

Hemixos flavala , H. cinereus and H. connectens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. flavala following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103823501,Hypsipetes catarmanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,catarmanensis,,,,,"(Rand & Rabor, 1969)","

Hypsipetes everetti, H. catarmanensis and H. haynaldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Ixos everetti following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103823597,Hypsipetes haynaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,haynaldi,,,,,"(Blasius, 1890)","

Hypsipetes everetti, H. catarmanensis and H. haynaldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Ixos everetti following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103823979,Hypsipetes moheliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,moheliensis,,,,,"(Benson, 1960)","

Hypsipetes parvirostris and H. moheliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. parvirostris following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103841956,Hypsipetes chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,chloris,,,,,"(Finsch, 1867)","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103842733,Hypsipetes longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,longirostris,,,,,"(Wallace, 1863)","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103840832,Hypsipetes mysticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,mysticalis,,,,,"(Wallace, 1863)","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22729503,Phylloscopus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,orientalis,,,,,"(Brehm, 1855)","

Phylloscopus bonelli and P. orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. bonelli following Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103845702,Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,plumbeitarsus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1837)","

Phylloscopus trochiloides , P. nitidus and P. plumbeitarsus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. trochiloides (see AERC TAC [2003]; Cramp et al. [1977-1994]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]).

 

" 103845868,Phylloscopus examinandus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,examinandus,,,,,"Stresemann, 1913","

Phylloscopus borealis , P. examinandus and P. xanthodryas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. borealis following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Christidis & Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22736055,Aegithalos bonvaloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,bonvaloti,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1891)","

Aegithalos iouschistos and A. bonvaloti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. iouschistos following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103871974,Aegithalos glaucogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,glaucogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)","

Aegithalos caudatus and A. glaucogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. caudatus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103872756,Sylvia atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Sylvia,atriceps,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1902)",

Sylvia abyssinica and S. atriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pseudoalcippe abyssinica following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

103795115,Cincloramphus macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Cincloramphus,macrurus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","

Cincloramphus timoriensis and C. macrurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Megalurus timoriensis following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103798418,Poodytes caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Poodytes,caudatus,,,,,"(Buller, 1894)","Poodytes punctatus and P. caudatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Bowdleria punctata following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990)." 103799569,Robsonius thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Robsonius,thompsoni,,,,,"Hosner et al., 2013",

Robsonius rabori and R. thompsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rabori following Collar (2006).

103811905,Delichon lagopodum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Delichon,lagopodum,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","

Delichon urbicum and D. lagopodum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. urbicum following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103879474,Rhopophilus albosuperciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Rhopophilus,albosuperciliaris,,,,,"(Hume, 1871)","

The genus Rhopophilus has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019).

R. albosuperciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was considered conspecific with R. pekinensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993), but review (Leader et al. 2013) revealed that it differs in its dark brown vs whitish irides (3); more weakly streaked crown (2); flanks weakly streaked apricot-buff on off-white vs boldly streaked rufous on white (3); greyer cast to crown and tail (ns1); larger size (effect size for wing 2.97; score 2); differences in voice (allowed 3 (Leader et al. 2013)); drier, more desert-like habitat (1). Monotypic.

" 103894733,Mixornis prillwitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Mixornis,prillwitzi,,,,,"E. Hartert, 1901","

Mixornis flavicollis and M. prillwitzi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Macronous flavicollis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 161582,Megatrygon microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Megatrygon,microps,,,,,"(Annandale, 1908)","Last et al. (2016) note that the placement of Megatrygon microps in the family Dasyatidae is provisional; it may be more closely related to the freshwater Neotropical stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) of South America. Further investigations are needed to determine the position of this species in the order Myliobatiformes, but it may belong in its own family (Last et al. 2016)." 104166970,Neotrygon australiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,australiae,,,,,"Last, White & Séret, 2016","Previously included within Neotrygon kuhlii, N. australiae was described as a separate species by Last et al. (2016a). The Neotrygon genus has recently been split and currently includes at least 11 species. It is difficult to distinguish some members of the genus based solely on morphology, thus the true distribution and overlap of species is not currently known. More work is required to fully understand where each member of the Neotrygon genus occurs." 104167060,Neotrygon trigonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,trigonoides,,,,,(Castelnau 1873),"Previously included within Neotrygon kuhlii, N. trigonoides was described as a separate species by Last et al. (2016a). The Neotrygon genus has recently been split and currently includes at least 11 species. It is difficult to distinguish some members of the genus based solely on morphology, thus the true distribution and overlap of species is not currently known. More work is required to fully understand where each member of the Neotrygon genus occurs." 60151,Fontitrygon colarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fontitrygon,colarensis,,,,,"(Santos, Gomes & Charvet-Almeida, 2004)","Last et al. (2016) placed Dasyatis colarensis, D. garouaensis, D. geijskesi, D. margarita, D. margaritella, and Urogymnus ukpan within their newly described genus Fontitrygon. The two Western Atlantic species (F. colarensis and F. geijskesi) differ significantly from the other taxa in this genus and may prove to be non-congeneric with the four species from West Africa (Last et al. 2016).

This species is often mistaken with Hypanus guttatus but snout length and pelvic fin shape differ." 39406,Fontitrygon garouaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fontitrygon,garouaensis,,,,,"(Stauch & Blanc, 1962)","Last et al. (2016a) placed Dasyatis colarensis, D. garouaensis, D. geijskesi, D. margarita, D. margaritella, and Urogymnus ukpan within their newly described genus Fontitrygon." 60153,Fontitrygon geijskesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fontitrygon,geijskesi,,,,,"(Boeseman,1948)","Last et al. (2016) placed Dasyatis colarensis, D. garouaensis, D. geijskesi, D. margarita, D. margaritella, and Urogymnus ukpan within their newly described genus Fontitrygon. The two Western Atlantic species (F. colarensis and F. geijskesi) differ significantly from the other taxa in this genus and may prove to be non-congeneric with the four species from West Africa (Last et al. 2016)." 161495,Fontitrygon margarita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fontitrygon,margarita,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)","Last et al. (2016a) placed Dasyatis colarensis, D. garouaensis, D. geijskesi, D. margarita, D. margaritella, and Urogymnus ukpan within their newly described genus Fontitrygon. Records of Dasyatis (=Fontitrygon) margarita have included misidentified specimens of the smaller sympatric species, F. margaritella." 39414,Fontitrygon ukpam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fontitrygon,ukpam,,,,,"(Smith, 1863)","Last et al. (2016a) placed Dasyatis colarensis, D. garouaensis, D. geijskesi, D. margarita, D. margaritella, and Urogymnus ukpan within their newly described genus Fontitrygon." 104179262,Brevitrygon heterura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Brevitrygon,heterura,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Himantura heterurus has been placed within the newly described genus Brevitrygon (Last et al. 2016a). Brevitrygon heterura is the correct name of a common western Pacific species, misidentified as Himantura (=Brevitrygon) walga; B. walga is confined to the Indian Ocean (Last et al. 2016a)." 104180270,Brevitrygon javaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Brevitrygon,javaensis,,,,,"(Last & White, 2013)","Last et al. (2016a) placed Himantura heterurus, H. imbricata, H. javaensis, and H. walga within their newly described genus Brevitrygon." 195455,Maculabatis astra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,astra,,,,,"Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Pogonoski, 2008","The genus Himantura has been further revised by Last et al. (2016). Himantura, which was once represented widely in the Indo–West Pacific by ~20 species, is now restricted to a group of four large Indo–Pacific species with strong colour patterns (Last et al. 2016). Himantura astra is now within the newly erected genus Maculabatis, along with eight other medium to large marine whiprays that were previously placed in Himantura (Last et al. 2016).

Himantura (=Maculabatis) astra had previously been confused with Himantura (=Maculabatis) toshi and the two forms had been considered to be a single species, however they are now known to be two morphologically distinct species. Himantura toshi (sensu Last & Stevens, 1994) was renamed H. astra Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Pogonoski, 2008 (Last et al. 2008, Last and Stevens 2009) and Himantura sp. A (sensu Last & Stevens, 1994) is considered to be H. toshi Whitley, 1939 (Last et al. 2008, Last and Stevens 2009)." 103765243,Mirafra fasciolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,fasciolata,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)","

Mirafra apiata and M. fasciolata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. apiata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103765827,Eremalauda eremodites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremalauda,eremodites,,,,,"(Meinertzhagen, 1923)","

Eremalauda dunni and E. eremodites (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. dunni following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103766657,Sylvietta leucopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,leucopsis,,,,,"Reichenow, 1879","

Sylvietta brachyura and S. leucopsis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. brachyura following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 104188627,Maculabatis macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,macrura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Maculabatis, comprised of nine medium to large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including macrura)." 103871484,Onychognathus neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,neumanni,,,,,"(Alexander, 1908)","

Onychognathus morio and O. neumanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. morio following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103771124,Neomixis pallidior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Neomixis,pallidior,,,,,"Salomonsen, 1934","

Neomixis striatigula and N. pallidior (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. striatigula following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103872135,Lamprotornis benguelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,benguelensis,,,,,"Shelley, 1906","

Lamprotornis mevesii, L. violacior and L. benguelensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. mevesii following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103872163,Lamprotornis violacior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,violacior,,,,,"Clancey, 1973","

Lamprotornis mevesii, L. violacior and L. benguelensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. mevesii following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103772009,Artisornis sousae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Artisornis,sousae,,,,,"(Benson, 1945)","

Artisornis moreaui and A. sousae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. moreaui following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103878667,Mino kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Mino,kreffti,,,,,"(Sclater, 1869)","

Mino dumontii and M. kreffti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as M. dumontii following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103772661,Apalis flavocincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,flavocincta,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1882)",

Apalis flavida and A. flavocincta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. flavida following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22730924,Calamonastes stierlingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Calamonastes,stierlingi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1901",

Calamonastes undosus and C. stierlingi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Camaroptera undosa following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

161505,Maculabatis toshi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,toshi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1939)","The genus Himantura has been further revised by Last et al. (2016). Himantura, which was once represented widely in the Indo–West Pacific by ~20 species, is now restricted to a group of four large Indo–Pacific species with strong colour patterns (Last et al. 2016). Himantura toshi is now within the newly erected genus Maculabatis, along with eight other medium to large marine whiprays that were previously placed in Himantura (Last et al. 2016).

The Brown Whipray (Himantura (=Maculabatis) toshi) had previously been confused with the Blackspotted Whipray (Himantura (=Maculabatis) astra) and the two forms had been considered to be a single species; however they are now known to be two morphologically distinct species. Himantura sp. A (sensu Last & Stevens, 1994) has been named H. toshi (Last and Stevens 2009), and Himantura toshi (sensu Last & Stevens, 1994) was renamed H. astra (Last and Stevens 2009)." 103774831,Camaroptera toroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Camaroptera,toroensis,,,,,"(Jackson, 1905)","

Camaroptera chloronota and C. toroensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. chloronota following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103879069,Stizorhina finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Stizorhina,finschi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1870)",

Stizorhina fraseri and S. finschi (del Hoyo and collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. fraseri following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

103778615,Orthotomus chloronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,chloronotus,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","

Orthotomus castaneiceps and O. chloronotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. castaneiceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734059,Helopsaltes amnicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Helopsaltes,amnicola,,,,,"(Stepanyan, 1972)","

As part of their overhaul of the Locustellidae (see below) Alström et al. (2018) introduced the generic name Helopsaltes to cover the monophyletic group of Locustella warbler species ochotensis, pleskei, certhiola, pryeri, fasciolata and amnicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). They found no morphological diagnostic characters, but identified a clear difference in voice. 

Before this genus change, Locustella fasciolata and L. amnicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously treated as a single species, L. fasciolata, following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Although described as a species, often treated as a subspecies of H. fasciolata, but genetic distinctiveness rather strong (Alström et al. 2011, Drovetski et al. 2004, Drovetski et al. 2015); and while it differs only subtly in morphology, with summer birds having browner, less olive-green upperparts (1), brown vs grey ear-coverts (ns1), reduced or no grey on dull olive-buff breast and flanks (1), warm fulvous-brown vs pale brown lower flanks to vent (1) and slightly shorter wing and tarsus (allow 1), vocally fairly distinctive, with slower (2), longer (2) song phrases (Boesman 2016). However, review of characters suggests distinctiveness of plumage characters not always consistent (Neufeldt & Netschajew 1977, Neufeldt & Netschajew 1978), and trend in H. fasciolata in NE China towards characters associated with present species (Kennerley & Pearson 2010) indicates more work is needed to confirm this split. Monotypic.

 

" 103887388,Psophocichla simensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Psophocichla,simensis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)","

Psophocichla litsitsirupa and P. simensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. litsitsirupa following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103869271,Pellorneum nigrocapitatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,nigrocapitatum,,,,,"(Eyton, 1839)","

Pellorneum capistratum and P. nigrocapitatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. capistratum following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103869689,Gypsophila calcicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Gypsophila,calcicola,,,,,"(Deignan, 1939)","

Previously listed as Turdinus calcicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but Cai et al. (2019) found it more closely related to Malacocincla and revived the genus Gypsophila for this and allied species. Formerly treated as conspecific with G. crispifrons following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993), but differs in its tawny central belly with white shaft streaks vs grey belly with white-and-dark-brown streaks (3); smaller, more organized black arrowheads on white throat (1); paler upperparts, wings and flanks (1); shorter wing (mean of 3 males 73.7 mm vs 15 male nominate 78.6; mean of 2 females 69 vs 15 female nominate 77.5; at least 1); song a short (0.7–1.5 s) phrase of 3–6 notes vs a much more protracted (4–30 s) phrase of at least 16 notes, commonly many more (at least 2) (Boesman 2016). Monotypic.

" 103888627,Turdus sanchezorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,sanchezorum,,,,,"O'Neill, Lane, & Naka, 2011","

Turdus hauxwelli and T. sanchezorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. hauxwelli following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103871336,Phyllanthus bohndorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Phyllanthus,bohndorffi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1884)","

Phyllanthus atripennis, P. rubiginosus and P. bohndorffi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. atripennis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22736111,Turdus eunomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,eunomus,,,,,"Temminck, 1831","

Turdus naumanni and T. eunomus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. naumanni following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103871982,Ianthocincla cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,cinereiceps,,,,,"(Styan, 1887)","

Previously listed as Garrulax cinereiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Prior to this treated as conspecific with I. cineraceus as G. cineraceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Differs from I. cineraceus in its dull grey-brown vs black crown (3); warmer, darker upperparts (1); dull chestnut supercilium and ear-coverts with no postocular black streak (3); and pale vinous vs buffy-whitish throat, submoustachial area and breast (ns1). Width of zone of hybridization with strenuus unknown (score at least 1), and taxonomic status of SC & SW Sichuan populations (and perhaps elsewhere) awaiting clarification (presumed here to belong with present species). Monotypic.

" 103872201,Pterorhinus monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,monachus,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1870","

Previously treated as Garrulax monachus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Until recently considered conspecific with P. chinensis as G. chinensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993), but split prompted by molecular evidence (Wu et al. 2012) although comparisons failed to include P. c. germaini, the closest in plumage colour; differs from latter in its black vs white ear-coverts, lower face and submoustachial area (4); all-darkish-brown underparts with no hint of mid-grey on belly (1); notably smaller size (effect size for male wings –2.82, score 2). Monotypic.

" 103874754,Montecincla meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Montecincla,meridionalis,,,,,"(Blanford, 1880)","

Trochalopteron fairbanki, T. meridionale, T. jerdoni and T. cachinnans have been moved to the new genus Montecincla after they were found to be sister to a clade composed of Heterophasia, Minla, Actinodura, Leiothrix, Liocichla and Crocias (Robin et al. 2017). They have also received new common names, and are listed as Palani Chilappan Montecincla fairbanki, Ashambu Chilappan M. meridionalis, Banasura Chilappan M. jerdoni and Nilgiri Chilappan M. cachinnans.

T. fairbanki and T. meridionale (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Strophocincla fairbanki following Rasmussen and Anderton (2005).

" 103874145,Montecincla jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Montecincla,jerdoni,,,,,"(Blyth, 1851)","

Trochalopteron fairbanki, T. meridionale, T. jerdoni and T. cachinnans have been moved to the new genus Montecincla after they were found to be sister to a clade composed of Heterophasia, Minla, Actinodura, Leiothrix, Liocichla and Crocias (Robin et al. 2017). They have also received new common names, and are listed as Palani Chilappan Montecincla fairbanki, Ashambu Chilappan M. meridionalis, Banasura Chilappan M. jerdoni and Nilgiri Chilappan M. cachinnans.

T. fairbanki and T. meridionale (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Strophocincla fairbanki following Rasmussen and Anderton (2005).

" 103878757,Liocichla ripponi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Liocichla,ripponi,,,,,"(Oates, 1900)","

Liocichla phoenicea and L. ripponi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. phoenicea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103757396,Niltava oatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Niltava,oatesi,,,,,"Salvadori, 1887","

Niltava vivida and N. oatesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. vivida following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103879283,Actinodura radcliffei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Actinodura,radcliffei,,,,,"Harington, 1910","

Actinodura ramsayi and A. radcliffei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. ramsayi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103758091,Cyanoptila cumatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyanoptila,cumatilis,,,,,"Thayer & Bangs, 1909","

Cyanoptila cyanomelana and C. cumatilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cyanomelana following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103880146,Sitta cinnamoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,cinnamoventris,,,,,"Blyth, 1842","

Sitta castanea, S. cinnamoventris and S. neglecta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. castanea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103880163,Sitta neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,neglecta,,,,,"Walden, 1870","

Sitta castanea, S. cinnamoventris and S. neglecta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. castanea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103813598,Estrilda atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,atricapilla,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851",

Estrilda atricapilla and E. kandti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. atricapilla following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

103758862,Eumyias ruficrissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Eumyias,ruficrissa,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)","

Eumyias indigo and E. ruficrissa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. indigo following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103881940,Sitta przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,przewalskii,,,,,"Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891","

Sitta leucopsis and S. przewalskii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. leucopsis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103815110,Coccopygia bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Coccopygia,bocagei,,,,,"Shelley, 1903","

Coccopygia melanotis, C. bocagei and C. quartinia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Estrilda and lumped as C. melanotis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 22735640,Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Stiphrornis,pyrrholaemus,,,,,"Schmidt & Angehr, 2008","

Stiphrornis erythrothorax, S. xanthogaster and S. pyrrholaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. erythrothorax following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

Stiphrornis erythrothorax

" 103815089,Coccopygia quartinia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Coccopygia,quartinia,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Coccopygia melanotis, C. bocagei and C. quartinia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Estrilda and lumped as C. melanotis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103766866,Sheppardia poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,poensis,,,,,"(Alexander, 1903)",

Sheppardia bocagei and S. poensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. bocagei following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

103866352,Heinrichia simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Heinrichia,simplex,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1931)","

Heinrichia calligyna and H. simplex (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. calligyna following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103866603,Brachypteryx cruralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,cruralis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103866607,Brachypteryx sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,sinensis,,,,,"Rickett & La Touche, 1897","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103818044,Taeniopygia castanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Taeniopygia,castanotis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","

Taeniopygia guttata and T. castanotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. guttata following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103866611,Brachypteryx goodfellowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,goodfellowi,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1912","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103866625,Brachypteryx poliogyna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,poliogyna,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103866639,Brachypteryx saturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,saturata,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103866688,Brachypteryx floris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,floris,,,,,"Hartert, 1897","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103887005,Cistothorus stellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cistothorus,stellaris,,,,,"(Naumann, 1823)","

Cistothorus platensis and C. stellaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. platensis (see AOU [1998 & supplements]; SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]).

" 103767625,Larvivora tanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,tanensis,,,,,(Kuroda 1923),"

Larvivora akahige and L. tanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Erithacus and lumped as E. akahige following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103888330,Pheugopedius schulenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,schulenbergi,,,,,"(Parker & O'Neill, 1985)","

Pheugopedius euophrys and P. schulenbergi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Thryothorus euophrys following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103889940,Cyphorhinus dichrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cyphorhinus,dichrous,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1879","

Cyphorhinus thoracicus and C. dichrous (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. thoracicus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 161615,Pateobatis fai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pateobatis,fai,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Pateobatis, consisting of five medium-size to very large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including fai).

This species is frequently misidentified as Himantura (=Pateobatis) jenkinsii." 103773966,Oenanthe seebohmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,seebohmi,,,,,"(Dixon, 1882)","

Oenanthe oenanthe and O. seebohmi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. oenanthe following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103774137,Oenanthe frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,frenata,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1869)","

Oenanthe bottae and O. frenata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. bottae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103867212,Hylocitrea bonthaina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HYLOCITREIDAE,Hylocitrea,bonthaina,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","

Hylocitrea bonensis and H. bonthaina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. bonensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103775437,Chloropsis lazulina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,lazulina,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)","

Chloropsis hardwickii and C. lazulina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. hardwickii following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103775599,Chloropsis moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,moluccensis,,,,,"Gray, 1831",

Chloropsis cochinchinensis and C. moluccensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cochinchinensis following Wells et al. (2003).

 

103868436,Euphonia flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,flavifrons,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1789)","

Euphonia musica, E. sclateri and E. flavifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. musica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103792599,Deleornis axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Deleornis,axillaris,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1893)",

Deleornis fraseri and D. axillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Anthreptes as A. fraseri following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

103868426,Euphonia sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,sclateri,,,,,"(Sclater, 1854)","

Euphonia musica, E. sclateri and E. flavifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. musica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103823664,Hemignathus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Hemignathus,affinis,,,,,"Rothschild, 1893","

Hemignathus lucidus, H. hanapepe and H. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. lucidus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103811957,Ploceus upembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,upembae,,,,,"(Verheyen, 1953)","

Ploceus katangae and P. upembae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. katangae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103812253,Ploceus castaneofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,castaneofuscus,,,,,"Lesson, 1840","

Ploceus nigerrimus and P. castaneofuscus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. nigerrimus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103812651,Anaplectes jubaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Anaplectes,jubaensis,,,,,"van Someren, 1920","

Anaplectes rubriceps, A. leuconotos and A. jubaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. rubriceps following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103761521,Crithagra striatipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,striatipectus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1891)","

Crithagra reichardi and C. striatipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Serinus and lumped as S. reichardi following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103812699,Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,umbrinodorsalis,,,,,"Reichenow, 1910",

Lagonosticta rhodopareia and L. umbrinodorsalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. rhodopareia.

 

103812929,Lagonosticta vinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,vinacea,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)","

Lagonosticta larvata, L. nigricollis and L. vinacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. larvata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103813097,Lagonosticta nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,nigricollis,,,,,"Heuglin, 1863","

Lagonosticta larvata, L. nigricollis and L. vinacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. larvata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103834496,Carpodacus verreauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,verreauxii,,,,,"(David & Oustalet, 1877)","

Carpodacus rodopeplus and C. verreauxii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rodopeplus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103834794,Carpodacus formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,formosanus,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1911","

Carpodacus vinaceus and C. formosanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. vinaceus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103835324,Carpodacus stoliczkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,stoliczkae,,,,,"(Hume, 1874)","

Carpodacus synoicus and C. stoliczkae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. synoicus following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734062,Myiomela cambodiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myiomela,cambodiana,,,,,"(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","

Myiomela leucura and M. cambodiana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Cinclidium and lumped as C. leucurum following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 195319,Urogymnus dalyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Urogymnus,dalyensis,,,,,"(Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2008)","Formerly monotypic (containing only U. asperrimus), Last et al. (2016) added five more large to very large species to Urogymmus, including dalyensis.

The Freshwater Whipray (Urogymmus dalyensis) is a recently described species which was previously referred to as Himantura chaophraya Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1991 (for example, in Last and Stevens 1994). Himantura chaophraya was considered to occur in Southeast Asia and in northern Australia. However, Last and Manjaji-Matsumoto (2008) consider the Australian form to be distinct from the Southeast Asian form, and they described the former as Himantura (=Urogymmus) dalyensis. They also clarified the correct name for the Southeast Asian species as Himantura (=Urogymmus) polylepis (Bleeker, 1852). Thus, the name H. chaophraya is invalid." 103764849,Chrysocorythus mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chrysocorythus,mindanensis,,,,,"(Ripley & Rabor, 1961)","

Chrysocorythus estherae and C. caniceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Serinus and lumped as S. estherae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734808,Emberiza sahari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,sahari,,,,,"Levaillant, 1850","

Emberiza striolata and E. sahari (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. striolata following Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103768825,Chlorospingus hypophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,hypophaeus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1868","

Chlorospingus flavigularis and C. hypophaeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. flavigularis following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22724905,Arremon assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,assimilis,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

" 22724893,Arremon basilicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,basilicus,,,,,"(Bangs, 1898)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

" 22724899,Arremon perijanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,perijanus,,,,,"(Phelps, Sr and Gilliard, 1940)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

" 22724911,Arremon phaeopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,phaeopleurus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

" 22724917,Arremon phygas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,phygas,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1912)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

 

" 103771596,Arremon axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,axillaris,,,,,"Sclater, 1855",

Arremon taciturnus and A. axillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. taciturnus following SACC (2005 & updates); Stotz et al. (1996).

103711391,Myiagra cervinicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,cervinicolor,,,,,"(Salomonsen, 1964)","Myiagra hebetior, M. eichhorni and M. cervinicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. hebetior following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22717059,Mirafra sharpii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,sharpii,,,,,"Elliot, 1897",

Mirafra africana and M. sharpii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. africana following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

103891813,Zosterops kaffensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,kaffensis,,,,,"Neumann, 1902","

Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103891253,Zosterops mbuluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,mbuluensis,,,,,"Sclater & Moreau, 1935","

Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713957,Zosterops silvanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,silvanus,,,,,"Peters & Loveridge, 1935","

Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103693418,Pachycephala orioloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,orioloides,,,,,"Pucheran, 1853","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693448,Pachycephala vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,vitiensis,,,,,"Gray, 1860","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103798427,Cinnyris prigoginei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,prigoginei,,,,,"(Macdonald, 1958)","

Cinnyris afer, C. stuhlmanni, C. prigoginei and C. ludovicensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. afra following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103798409,Cinnyris stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,stuhlmanni,,,,,"Reichenow, 1893","

Cinnyris afer, C. stuhlmanni, C. prigoginei and C. ludovicensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. afra following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103799620,Cinnyris usambaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,usambaricus,,,,,"(Grote, 1922)","

Cinnyris mediocris and C. usambaricus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. mediocris following Bowie et al. (2004), BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group.

 

" 103771846,Arremon nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,nigriceps,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1880","

Arremon abeillei and A. nigriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. abeillei following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22721102,Junco insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Junco,insularis,,,,,"Ridgway, 1876",

Junco hyemalis and J. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as J. hyemalis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994).

 

22721115,Passerculus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerculus,rostratus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1852)","

Passerculus sandwichensis, P. guttatus, P. sanctorum and P. rostratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. sandwichensis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

" 195320,Urogymnus polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Urogymnus,polylepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",This species requires further taxonomic research and it is possible that populations in the Mekong and other drainage systems may pertain to other species (Vidthayanon et al. 2016). 103797518,Cinnyris gertrudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,gertrudis,,,,,"(Wolters, 1965)","

Cinnyris manoensis and C. gertrudis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. manoensis following Bowie et al. (2004), BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group.

 

" 103792631,Anthreptes griseigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,griseigularis,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)","

Anthreptes malacensis and A. griseigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. malacensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103792796,Anthreptes tephrolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,tephrolaemus,,,,,"(Jardine & Fraser, 1851)","

Anthreptes rectirostris and A. tephrolaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. rectirostris following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103673988,Asthenes ayacuchensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,ayacuchensis,,,,,"(Vaurie, Weske & Terborgh, 1972)","Asthenes vilcabambae and A. ayacuchensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. vilcabambae following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103778680,Arachnothera dilutior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,dilutior,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876","

Arachnothera longirostra, A. dilutior and A. flammifera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. longirostra following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103792501,Arachnothera modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,modesta,,,,,"(Eyton, 1839)","

Arachnothera affinis and A. modesta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. affinis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). A. everetti was previously split following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) but is now lumped with A. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016)

 

" 103795278,Leptocoma juliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Leptocoma,juliae,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1877)","

Leptocoma sperata, L. brasiliana and L. juliae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. sperata following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103795247,Leptocoma brasiliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Leptocoma,brasiliana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Leptocoma sperata, L. brasiliana and L. juliae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. sperata following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103800445,Cinnyris melanogastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,melanogastrus,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)","

Cinnyris pulchellus and C. melanogastrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. pulchella following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103801517,Cinnyris tsavoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,tsavoensis,,,,,"(van Someren, 1922)","

Cinnyris bifasciatus and C. tsavoensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. bifasciata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103804002,Cinnyris hellmayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,hellmayri,,,,,"(Neumann, 1904)", 103804169,Cinnyris idenburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,idenburgi,,,,,"(Rand, 1940)","

Cinnyris jugularis and C. idenburgi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. jugularis following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103804289,Cinnyris voeltzkowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,voeltzkowi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1905)","

Cinnyris notatus, C. moebii and C. voeltzkowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. notata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103804263,Cinnyris moebii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,moebii,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)","

Cinnyris notatus, C. moebii and C. voeltzkowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. notata following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103804493,Aethopyga vigorsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,vigorsii,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)","

Aethopyga siparaja, A. magnifica and A. vigorsii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. siparaja following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103804369,Aethopyga temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,temminckii,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)","

Aethopyga mystacalis and A. temminckii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. mystacalis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103809131,Aethopyga guimarasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,guimarasensis,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)","

Aethopyga flagrans and A. guimarasensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. flagrans following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103687306,Myzomela longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,longirostris,,,,,"Mayr & Rand, 1935","

Myzomela rosenbergii and M. longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. rosenbergii following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693410,Pachycephala fulvotincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,fulvotincta,,,,,"Wallace, 1864","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103810497,Aethopyga latouchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,latouchii,,,,,"Slater, 1891","

Aethopyga christinae and A. latouchii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. christinae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103702544,Edolisoma pygmaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,pygmaeum,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","

Edolisoma holopolium and E. pygmaeum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina holopolia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 104306073,Pastinachus gracilicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pastinachus,gracilicaudus,,,,,"Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2010",This species was previously confused with Pastinachus sephen with which it co-occurs (Last and Manjaji-Matsumoto 2010). 104306247,Pastinachus stellurostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pastinachus,stellurostris,,,,,"Last, Fahmi & Naylor, 2010", 103891950,Zosterops chrysolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,chrysolaemus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876","

Zosterops minor and Z. chrysolaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. minor following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103892045,Zosterops crookshanki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,crookshanki,,,,,"Mayr & Rand, 1935","

Zosterops fuscicapilla and Z. crookshanki (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. fuscicapilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713779,Apalis argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,argentea,,,,,"Moreau, 1941",

Apalis rufogularis and A. argentea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. rufogularis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

103707852,Rhipidura sauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,sauli,,,,,"Bourns & Worcester, 1894","Rhipidura cyaniceps, R. sauli and R. albiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. cyaniceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103707879,Rhipidura albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,albiventris,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)","Rhipidura cyaniceps, R. sauli and R. albiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. cyaniceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103708706,Rhipidura samarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,samarensis,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)","Rhipidura superciliaris and R. samarensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. superciliaris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103702615,Edolisoma rostratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,rostratum,,,,,"(Hartert, 1898)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103776986,Prinia superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,superciliaris,,,,,"Salvadori, 1874","

Prinia atrogularis, P.khasiana and P. superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. atrogularis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103709193,Rhipidura bouruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,bouruensis,,,,,"Wallace, 1863","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103777454,Prinia sonitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,sonitans,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1860","

Prinia flaviventris and P. sonitans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. flaviventris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103769400,Ficedula elisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,elisae,,,,,"(Weigold, 1922)","

Ficedula narcissina, F. elisae and F. owstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. narcissina following AOU (1998 & supplements); Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103709405,Rhipidura coultasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,coultasi,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","Rhipidura cockerelli and R. coultasi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. cockerelli following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103709532,Rhipidura nigritorquis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,nigritorquis,,,,,"Vigors, 1831","Rhipidura javanica and R. nigritorquis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. javancia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103776140,Dicaeum minullum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,minullum,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1870","

Dicaeum concolor and D. minullum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. concolor following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

 

" 103776352,Dicaeum schistaceiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,schistaceiceps,,,,,"Gray, 1861","

Dicaeum erythrothorax and D. schistaceiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. erythrothorax following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103776714,Dicaeum hanieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,hanieli,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1912)","

Dicaeum sanguinolentum, D. wilhelminae and D. hanieli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. sanguinolentum following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103776669,Dicaeum wilhelminae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,wilhelminae,,,,,"(Büttikofer, 1892)","

Dicaeum sanguinolentum, D. wilhelminae and D. hanieli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. sanguinolentum following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103776954,Dicaeum beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,beccarii,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1916","

Dicaeum ignipectus, D. cambodianum, D. beccarii and D. luzoniense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. ignipectus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103777452,Dicaeum cambodianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,cambodianum,,,,,"(Delacour & Jabouille, 1928)","

Dicaeum ignipectus, D. cambodianum, D. beccarii and D. luzoniense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. ignipectus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103777506,Dicaeum luzoniense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,luzoniense,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1894","

Dicaeum ignipectus, D. cambodianum, D. beccarii and D. luzoniense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. ignipectus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103778239,Dicaeum ignicolle,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,ignicolle,,,,,"Gray, 1858","

Dicaeum hirundinaceum, D. ignicolle and D. keiense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. hirundinaceum following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103710745,Rhipidura rufilateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,rufilateralis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1879","Rhipidura verreauxi, R. spilodera, R. layardi and R. rufilateralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. verreauxi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103815539,Riparia chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Riparia,chinensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","

Riparia paludicola, R. cowani and R. chinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. paludicola following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103710807,Rhipidura layardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,layardi,,,,,"Salvadori, 1877","Rhipidura verreauxi, R. spilodera, R. layardi and R. rufilateralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. verreauxi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22735714,Rhipidura albiscapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,albiscapa,,,,,"Gould, 1840","Rhipidura fuliginosa and R. albiscapa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. fuliginosa following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990)." 22734033,Acrocephalus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,orientalis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1847)","

Acrocephalus arundinaceus and A. orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. arundinaceus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103820648,Anthus peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,peruvianus,,,,,"Nicholson, 1878","

Anthus lutescens and A. peruvianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. lutescens following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103767684,Emberiza goslingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,goslingi,,,,,"Alexander, 1906","

Emberiza tahapisi and E. goslingi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. tahapisi following Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103711188,Myiagra castaneigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,castaneigularis,,,,,"Layard, 1876","Myiagra azureocapilla and M. castaneigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. azureocapilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103773992,Atlapetes meridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,meridae,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1871","

Atlapetes albofrenatus and A. meridae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. albofrenatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103774244,Atlapetes crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,crassus,,,,,"Bangs, 1908","

Atlapetes tricolor and A. crassus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. tricolor following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103774363,Atlapetes nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,nigrifrons,,,,,"Phelps, Sr & Gilliard, 1940",

Atlapetes latinuchus and A. nigrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. latinuchus following SACC (2005 & updates).

103826151,Rubigula flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Rubigula,flaviventris,,,,,"(Tickell, 1833)","

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that the five species previously lumped as Pycnonotus melanicterus be moved into the genus Rubigula (Blyth, 1845), consequently R. melanictera, R. gularis, R. flaviventris, R. dispar and R. montis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted.

Pycnonotus melanicterus, P. gularis, P. flaviventris, P. dispar and P. montis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. melanicterus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103774870,Atlapetes paynteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,paynteri,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, 1980","

Atlapetes leucopterus and A. paynteri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. leucopterus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103826116,Rubigula gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Rubigula,gularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)","

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that the five species previously lumped as Pycnonotus melanicterus be moved into the genus Rubigula (Blyth, 1845), consequently R. melanictera, R. gularis, R. flaviventris, R. dispar and R. montis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted.

Pycnonotus melanicterus, P. gularis, P. flaviventris, P. dispar and P. montis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. melanicterus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103827210,Rubigula montis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Rubigula,montis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1879","

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that the five species previously lumped as Pycnonotus melanicterus be moved into the genus Rubigula (Blyth, 1845), consequently R. melanictera, R. gularis, R. flaviventris, R. dispar and R. montis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted.

Pycnonotus melanicterus, P. gularis, P. flaviventris, P. dispar and P. montis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. melanicterus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103727711,Cyanolyca quindiuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,quindiuna,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","

Cyanolyca armillata and C. quindiuna (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. armillata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103834499,Pycnonotus leucops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,leucops,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)","

Pycnonotus flavescens and P. leucops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. flavescens following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103895765,Cyanoderma bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Cyanoderma,bicolor,,,,,"(Blyth, 1865)","

Cyanoderma erythropterum and C. bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Stachyris erythroptera following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103766226,Calandrella dukhunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calandrella,dukhunensis,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)","

Calandrella brachydactyla and C. dukhunensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped into C. brachydactyla following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

Until recently considered conspecific with C. brachydactyla, but molecular evidence places it as sister to C. acutirostris (Alström et al. 2013); this finding accepted here, and present species appears to differ in its longer wings (allow 1); deeper or shorter bill (allow 1); fulvous-washed breastband (1); heavier, darker streaking on upperparts (1); and melodious song distantly recalling Lullula arborea (Schäfer 1938) (allow 3). Monotypic.

" 104005790,Ptyonoprogne rufigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Ptyonoprogne,rufigula,,,,,"Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","

Ptyonoprogne fuligula and P. rufigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hirundo fuligula following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103870738,Acridotheres leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,leucocephalus,,,,,"Giglioli & Salvadori, 1870","

Acridotheres burmannicus and A. leucocpehalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Sturnus burmannicus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103893527,Copsychus mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Copsychus,mindanensis,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Copsychus saularis and C. mindanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. saularis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103894735,Kittacincla superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Kittacincla,superciliaris,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","

Kittacincla luzoniensis and K. superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Copsychus luzoniensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22736114,Tarsiger rufilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tarsiger,rufilatus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)","

Tarsiger cyanurus and T. rufilatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cyanurus following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103761453,Cyornis stresemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,stresemanni,,,,,"(Siebers, 1928)","

Cyornis oscillans and C. stresemanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Rhinomyias oscillans following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103761646,Cyornis camarinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,camarinensis,,,,,"(Rand & Rabor, 1967)","

Cyornis herioti and C. camarienensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. herioti following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103761859,Cyornis sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,sumatrensis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)","

Cyornis tickelliae and C. sumatrensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. tickelliae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103762252,Cyornis glaucicomans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,glaucicomans,,,,,"(Thayer & Bangs, 1909)","

Cyornis rubeculoides and C. glaucicomans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rubeculoides following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103762270,Cyornis djampeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,djampeanus,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)","

Cyornis rufigastra and C. djampeanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rufigastra following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103879271,Zoothera griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,griseiceps,,,,,"(Delacour, 1930)","

Zoothera mollissima and Z. griseiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. mollissima following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993), which included the formerly overlooked Z. salimali (Alström et al. 2016)

" 103821482,Anthus nyassae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,nyassae,,,,,"(Neumann, 1906)","

Anthus similis and A. nyassae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. similis following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993). Anthus longicaudatus is no longer recognised as a species, following del Hoyo and Collar (2016) ; available material in museums is an amalgam of specimens of A. vaalensis and A. similis.

" 103879831,Zoothera atrigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,atrigena,,,,,"Ripley & Hadden, 1982","

Zoothera talaseae and Z. atrigena (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. talaseae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22734111,Turdus abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,abyssinicus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","

Turdus olivaceus, T. abyssinicus, T. roehli and T. smithi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. olivaceus following Collar and Stuart (1985) and Collar et al. (1994).

" 22734114,Turdus roehli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,roehli,,,,,"Reichenow, 1905","

Turdus olivaceus, T. abyssinicus, T. roehli and T. smithi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. olivaceus following Collar and Stuart (1985) and Collar et al. (1994).

 

" 103890067,Turdus anthracinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,anthracinus,,,,,"Burmeister, 1858","

Turdus chiguanco and T. anthracinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. chiguanco following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103891001,Turdus debilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,debilis,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1902","

Turdus ignobilis, T. debilis and T. arthuri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ignobilis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103891016,Turdus arthuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,arthuri,,,,,"(C. Chubb, 1914)","

Turdus ignobilis, T. debilis and T. arthuri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ignobilis following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103891941,Turdus rubripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,rubripes,,,,,"Temminck, 1826","

Turdus plumbeus, T. rubripes and T. ardosiaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. plumbeus following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103891946,Turdus ardosiaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,ardosiaceus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1822","

Turdus plumbeus, T. rubripes and T. ardosiaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. plumbeus following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103891972,Turdus simillimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,simillimus,,,,,"Jerdon, 1839","

Turdus merula, T. simillimus, T. maximus and T. mandarinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. merula following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Christidis & Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

 

" 103891997,Turdus niveiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,niveiceps,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1919)","

Turdus poliocephalus and T. niveiceos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. poliocephalus following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 104411737,Oxytettix arius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Oxytettix,arius,,,,,"(Rehn, 1929)","This species was originally described in Epitadas. Günther (1939) placed it in Oxytettix, mentioning that there is only one character distinguishing both genera: being apterous against being macropterous. Devriese found more differences between both used the name Epitadas arius, but without discussion (Devriese 1991, H. Devriese pers. comm. 2016)." 104412606,Hydrotetrix fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Hydrotetrix,fallax,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 104412777,Epitettix spheniscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Epitettix,spheniscus,,,,,"Günther, 1974", 80201037,Extatosoma tiaratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Extatosoma,tiaratum,,,,,"(Macleay, 1826)", 80200052,Davidrentzia valida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Davidrentzia,valida,,,,,"Brock & Hasenpusch, 2007", 80201284,Lysicles hippolytus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Lysicles,hippolytus,,,,,"Stål, 1877", 80201308,Lysicles periphanes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Lysicles,periphanes,,,,,"(Westwood, 1859)", 104634462,Acanthosaura capra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,capra,,,,,"Günther, 1861","This is probably a complex of species, however, taxonomic work is needed to resolve this. Populations from central Viet Nam and southern Lao PDR were assigned to the new species Acanthosaura nataliae by Orlov et al. (2006)." 104634912,Calotes bachae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,bachae,,,,,"Hartmann, Geissler, Poyarkov, Ihlow, Galoyan, Rödder & Böhme, 2013", 104635082,Calotes htunwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,htunwini,,,,,"Zug & Vindum, 2006", 104635111,Calotes irawadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,irawadi,,,,,"Zug, Brown, Schulte & Vindum, 2006", 104635196,Calotes jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,jerdoni,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 104635228,Calotes mystaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,mystaceus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837","Records from eastern Viet Nam and Cambodia were described as a new species, Calotes bachae, by Hartmann et al. (2013)." 104635405,Calotes nigriplicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,nigriplicatus,,,,,"Hallerman, 2000", 104635663,Calotes bhutanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,bhutanensis,,,,,"Biswas, 1975", 104635826,Calotes manamendrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,manamendrai,,,,,"Amarasinghe & Karunarathna, 2014", 104636757,Calotes pethiyagodai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,pethiyagodai,,,,,"Amarasinghe, Karunarathna, Hallermann, 2014",Amarasinghe et al. (2014) recognized the Knuckles Range population of Calotes liocephalus as a new species C. pethiyagodai on morphological grounds. These authors cautioned that little material was available for either this species or C. liocephalus and that further research should be conducted to confirm this arrangement.. 104650282,Pseudocalotes cybelidermus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,cybelidermus,,,,,"Harvey, Hamidy, Kurniawan, Shaney & Smith, 2014", 104650520,Pseudocalotes floweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,floweri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","One of two Malaysian syntypes of Calotes floweri, taken from Gunung Tahan (Boulenger 1912), was assigned as the holotype of the new species Pseudocalotes dringi by Hallermann and Böhme (2000). The other appears to have been lost (Hallermann and Böhme 2000) but presumably also represents P. dringi. A record of P. floweri (Boulenger, 1912) from Kon Tum Province by Bain et al. (2007) was re-assigned to P. ziegleri by Hallermann et al. (2010)." 104650762,Pseudocalotes guttalineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,guttalineatus,,,,,"Harvey, Hamidy, Kurniawan, Shaney & Smith, 2014", 104651118,Pseudocalotes kakhienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,kakhienensis,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)", 104651572,Pseudocalotes khaonanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,khaonanensis,,,,,"Chan-Ard, Cota, Makchai & Lhaoteow, 2008", 104651600,Pseudocalotes kingdonwardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,kingdonwardi,,,,,"(Smith, 1935)","Yang and Rao (2008) elevated the former subspecies Calotes kingdonwardi bapoensis to specific status and assigned it to the genus Japalura. Subsequently, Mahony (2010) redescribed C. kingdonwardi and reassigned it to Pseudocalotes. While Mahony (2010) noted that, having not examined specimens, he had ""no comment on the validity of the recent elevation of Calotes kingdonwardi bapoensis"", he noted that it is ""clearly"" not referable to Japalura and that neither the English text in the original description nor a characterization of the C. k. bapoensis holotype by Vindum et al. (2003) was sufficient to distinguish it from P. kingdonwardi. As such he adopted a traditional taxonomy retaining this taxon as a subspecies of P. kingdonwardi pending further research to confirm its taxonomic status, and this scheme is followed here." 104651817,Pseudocalotes microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,microlepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 104652314,Pseudocalotes poilani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,poilani,,,,,"(Bourret, 1939)", 104652696,Pseudocalotes rhammanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,rhammanotus,,,,,"Harvey, Hamidy, Kurniawan, Shaney & Smith, 2014", 104652918,Pseudocalotes tympanistriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,tympanistriga,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","Salea rosaceum, long considered a junior synonym of Dendragama boulengeri, was found by these authors to have been misattributed, and Harvey et al. (2017) referred this name to the synonymy of Pseudocalotes tympanistriga." 104653067,Pseudocalotes ziegleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,ziegleri,,,,,"Hallerman, Truong, Orlov & Ananjeva, 2010",There is some taxonomic uncertainty around this species. Molecular research is needed to clarify differences between this species and Pseudocalotes microlepis. 104653449,Draco beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,beccarii,,,,,"Peters & Doria, 1878", 104653591,Draco biaro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,biaro,,,,,"Lazell, 1987", 104653656,Draco boschmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,boschmai,,,,,"Hennig, 1987",The taxonomy of this species complex is in review (Reilly in prep.) 104653834,Draco caerulhians,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,caerulhians,,,,,"Lazell, 1992", 104653890,Draco indochinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,indochinensis,,,,,"Smith, 1928", 104654123,Draco iskandari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,iskandari,,,,,"McGuire, Brown, Mumpuni, Riyanto & Andayani, 2007", 104655654,Draco modiglianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,modiglianii,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1892", 104655718,Draco obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,obscurus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","The taxonomy of this species is currently under revision by J. McGuire (in prep.). It is likely that the current subspecies Draco obscurus latepictus, found on Sumatra and the Mentawai Islands, will be elevated to specific status as a result of this work (J. McGuire pers. comm. 2018)." 104656716,Draco rhytisma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,rhytisma,,,,,"Musters, 1983", 104657686,Draco spilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,spilonotus,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 104657762,Draco supriatnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,supriatnai,,,,,"McGuire, Brown, Mumpuni, Riyanto & Andayani, 2007", 104658541,Draco timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,timorensis,,,,,"Kuhl, 1820","This is likely to be a species complex, the systematics of which are presently being investigated (Reilly)." 104658770,Draco walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,walkeri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891", 104660091,Hydrosaurus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hydrosaurus,weberi,,,,,"Barbour, 1911", 104664818,Japalura andersoniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Japalura,andersoniana,,,,,"Annandale, 1905", 104664898,Diploderma batangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,batangensis,,,,,"(Li, Deng, Wu & Wang, 2001)", 104665951,Diploderma brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,brevicauda,,,,,"(Manthey, Denzer, Hou & Wang, 2012)", 104666940,Diploderma brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,brevipes,,,,,"(Gressit, 1936)", 104666967,Diploderma chapaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,chapaense,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)","Records of this species from northeast Vietnam (Ho et al. 2001, Ananjeva et al. 2007) are not supported by voucher specimens, and require confirmation following recognition of new Japalura species from China that had long been confused with J. flaviceps (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 104667146,Diploderma dymondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,dymondi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 104667622,Diploderma hamptoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,hamptoni,,,,,"(Smith, 1935)", 104667767,Diploderma iadinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,iadinum,,,,,"(Wang, Jiang Siler & Che, 2016)", 104667923,Japalura kumaonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Japalura,kumaonensis,,,,,"(Annandale, 1907)", 104669864,Diploderma laeviventre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,laeviventre,,,,,"(Wang, Jiang Siler & Che, 2016)", 104670067,Japalura major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Japalura,major,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)", 104670445,Diploderma makii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,makii,,,,,"(Ota, 1989)", 104670581,Diploderma micangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,micangshanensis,,,,,"(Song, 1987)", 104670843,Japalura sagittifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Japalura,sagittifera,,,,,"Smith, 1940", 104671095,Diploderma splendidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,splendidum,,,,,"(Barbour & Dunn, 1919)", 104671345,Diploderma varcoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,varcoae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)", 104671586,Diploderma vela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,vela,,,,,"(Wang, Jiang, Pan, Hou, Siler & Che, 2015)", 104671817,Diploderma yulongense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,yulongense,,,,,"(Manthey, Denzer, Hou & Wang, 2012)", 104671929,Diploderma yunnanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,yunnanense,,,,,"(Anderson, 1878)", 104672095,Diploderma zhaoermii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,zhaoermii,,,,,"(Goa & Hou, 2002)", 104672662,Leiolepis ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Leiolepis,ocellata,,,,,"Peters, 1971","Leiolepis ocellata has variously been considered a subspecies of L. belliana or a full species in its own right, with a distribution understood to encompass southeastern Myanmar, northwestern and northeastern Thailand (Das 2010). Grismer et al. (2014) found that on genetic grounds L. ocellata nested within L. belliana, but proposed considering it a full species on the basis of morphological and karyotypic differences. 
The population Grismer et al. (2014) identify as L. ocellata is genetically exclusive and confined to the Chiang Mai valley, which these authors suggest may result in isolation from every other Leiolepis taxon. The name Leiolepis ocellata is however associated with a type locality in ""Kokariet, Birma"" (Peters, 1971), and consequently either the taxon is more widespread or this is not an available name for the taxon Grismer et al. (2014) call L. ocellata." 104673194,Lophocalotes ludekingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophocalotes,ludekingi,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 104673762,Mantheyus phuwuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Mantheyus,phuwuanensis,,,,,"(Manthey & Nabhitabhata, 1991)", 104674548,Ptyctolaemus collicristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ptyctolaemus,collicristatus,,,,,"Schulte & Vindum, 2004", 104676960,Ptyctolaemus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ptyctolaemus,gularis,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 104677490,Harpesaurus brooksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Harpesaurus,brooksi,,,,,"(Parker, 1924)", 104677699,Physignathus cocincinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Physignathus,cocincinus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 104679625,Dibamus bogadeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,bogadeki,,,,,"Darevsky, 1992", 104681288,Cnemaspis adii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,adii,,,,,"Srinivasulu, Kumar & Srinivasulu, 2015", 104681745,Cnemaspis alantika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,alantika,,,,,"Bauer, Chirio, Ineich & Lebreton, 2006", 104716837,Cyrtodactylus yakhuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,yakhuna,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1945)", 104679684,Dibamus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,celebensis,,,,,"Schlegel, 1858",This species is difficult to distinguish from Dibamus novaeguineae and has been treated as a synonym by implication is some literature (Iskandar and Tjan 1996). Further morphological studies are needed to confirm the validity of this species (Koch 2012). 104680186,Dibamus dalaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,dalaiensis,,,,,"Neang, Holden, Eastoe, Seng, Ith & Grismer, 2011", 104680348,Dibamus deharvengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,deharvengi,,,,,"Ineich, 1999", 104680403,Dibamus dezwaani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,dezwaani,,,,,"Das & Lim, 2005", 104680406,Dibamus greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,greeri,,,,,"Darevsky, 1992", 104680418,Dibamus kondaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,kondaoensis,,,,,"Honda, Ota, Hikida & Darevsky, 2001", 104680649,Dibamus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,montanus,,,,,"Smith, 1921", 104680657,Dibamus seramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,seramensis,,,,,"Greer, 1985", 104680864,Dibamus somsaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,somsaki,,,,,"Honda, Nabhitabhata, Ota & Hikida, 1997", 104681028,Dibamus taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,taylori,,,,,"Greer, 1985", 104681162,Dibamus tebal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,tebal,,,,,"Das & Lim, 2009", 104681762,Cnemaspis aurantiacopes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,aurantiacopes,,,,,"Grismer & Ngo, 2007", 104682048,Cnemaspis boulengerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,boulengerii,,,,,"Strauch, 1887", 104682593,Cnemaspis caudanivea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,caudanivea,,,,,"Grismer & Ngo, 2007", 104682720,Cnemaspis chanthaburiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,chanthaburiensis,,,,,"Bauer & Das, 1998", 104682732,Cnemaspis dezwaani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,dezwaani,,,,,"Das, 2005", 104682789,Cnemaspis huaseesom,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,huaseesom,,,,,"Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010", 104682808,Cnemaspis kamolnorranathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kamolnorranathi,,,,,"Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010", 104683110,Cnemaspis laoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,laoensis,,,,,"Grismer, 2010", 104683329,Cnemaspis modiglianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,modiglianii,,,,,"Das, 2005", 104683674,Cnemaspis narathiwatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,narathiwatensis,,,,,"Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010", 104683709,Cnemaspis neangthyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,neangthyi,,,,,"Grismer, Grismer & Chav, 2010", 104683759,Cnemaspis niyomwanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,niyomwanae,,,,,"Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010", 104683916,Cnemaspis nuicamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,nuicamensis,,,,,"Grismer & Ngo, 2007", 104683947,Cnemaspis phuketensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,phuketensis,,,,,"Das & Leong, 2004", 104683950,Cnemaspis punctatonuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,punctatonuchalis,,,,,"Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010", 104683961,Cnemaspis siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,siamensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1925)", 104684134,Cnemaspis tucdupensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,tucdupensis,,,,,"Grismer & Ngo, 2007", 104684207,Cnemaspis vandeventeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,vandeventeri,,,,,"Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010", 104685269,Cnemaspis whittenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,whittenorum,,,,,"Das, 2005", 104686511,Cyrtodactylus bansocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bansocensis,,,,,"Luu, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2016", 104686545,Cyrtodactylus bidoupimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bidoupimontis,,,,,"Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler, 2012", 104686550,Cyrtodactylus bobrovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bobrovi,,,,,"Nguyen, Le, Van Pham, Ngo, Hoang, The Pham & Ziegler, 2015", 104686556,Cyrtodactylus calamei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,calamei,,,,,"Luu, Bonkowski, Nguyen, Le, Schneider, Ngo & Ziegler, 2016", 104686599,Cyrtodactylus caovansungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,caovansungi,,,,,"Orlov, Nguyen, Nazarov, Ananjeva & Ngoc Sang, 2007", 104686655,Cyrtodactylus cattienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,cattienensis,,,,,"Geissler, Nazarov, Orlov, Böhme, Phung, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2009","Nguyen et al. (2017) found that Cyrtodactylus cattiensis, which resembles C. thuongae morphologically, has a wider range than previously recognized in southern Vietnam. As presently understood both species co-occur in this area, and molecular research is required to clarify taxonomic boundaries within both species (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 104686673,Cyrtodactylus chanhomeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,chanhomeae,,,,,"Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels, 2003", 104686767,Cyrtodactylus chauquangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,chauquangensis,,,,,"Quang, Orlov, Ananjeva, Johns, Ngoc Thao & Quang Vinh, 2007", 104686921,Cyrtodactylus condorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,condorensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)","In a review of the systematics of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius group, Grismer et al. (2015) found low genetic divergence and no morphological differences between C. paradoxus, C. condorensis and several previously unassigned island and montane populations. These authors consequently synonymized C. paradoxus within C. condorensis." 104686997,Cyrtodactylus consobrinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,consobrinoides,,,,,"(Annandale, 1905)", 104687493,Cyrtodactylus cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,cryptus,,,,,"Heidrich, Rösler, Thanh, Böhme & Ziegler, 2007","In reporting the first records of this species from Laos, Luu et al. (2016) noted minor morphological differences between the Laotian and Vietnamese specimens. Although these authors reported low levels of genetic divergence and consider the two populations conspecific, they note that once a larger series becomes available for analysis the two populations may warrant treatment as separate subspecies." 104687533,Cyrtodactylus cucdongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,cucdongensis,,,,,"Schneider, Phung, Le, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2014", 104688011,Cyrtodactylus cucphuongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,cucphuongensis,,,,,"Ngo & Onn, 2011","The type locality of Cyrtodactylus soni (Van Long Nature Reserve) is only 30 km from the type locality of C. cucphuongensis (Cuc Phuong National Park) (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017). Morphological characters of these species are relatively similar, so the taxonomic separation of these species need to be confirmed by molecular data.(Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2018)." 104688076,Cyrtodactylus darevskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,darevskii,,,,,"Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov, 2014", 104688238,Cyrtodactylus darmandvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,darmandvillei,,,,,"(Weber, 1890)", 104688755,Cyrtodactylus dati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,dati,,,,,"Ngo, 2013", 104688830,Cyrtodactylus doisuthep,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,doisuthep,,,,,"Kunya, Panmongkol, Pauwels, Sumontha, Meewasana, Bunkhwamdis & Dangsri, 2014", 104689279,Cyrtodactylus dumnuii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,dumnuii,,,,,"Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, 2010", 104689623,Cyrtodactylus eisenmanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,eisenmanae,,,,,"Ngo, 2008", 104689709,Cyrtodactylus erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,erythrops,,,,,"Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Panitvong, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya, 2009", 104689866,Cyrtodactylus fumosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,fumosus,,,,,"(Müller, 1895)", 104689902,Cyrtodactylus gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,gansi,,,,,"Bauer, 2003", 104690632,Cyrtodactylus grismeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,grismeri,,,,,"Ngo, 2008", 104690719,Cyrtodactylus halmahericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,halmahericus,,,,,"(Mertens, 1929)", 104691242,Cyrtodactylus hikidai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,hikidai,,,,,"Riyanto, 2012", 104691334,Cyrtodactylus hinnamnoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,hinnamnoensis,,,,,"Luu, Bonkowski, Nguyen, Le, Schneider, Ngo & Ziegler, 2016", 104691897,Cyrtodactylus hontreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,hontreensis,,,,,"Ngo, Grismer & Grismer, 2008", 104691914,Cyrtodactylus huongsonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,huongsonensis,,,,,"Luu, Nguyen, Do & Ziegler, 2013", 104691922,Cyrtodactylus huynhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,huynhi,,,,,"Ngo & Bauer, 2008", 104692134,Cyrtodactylus interdigitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,interdigitalis,,,,,"Ulber, 1993", 104692306,Cyrtodactylus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,intermedius,,,,,"(Smith, 1917)","Grismer et al. (2015) recognize a monophyletic lineage of Cyrtodactylus ranging from the Cardamom Mountains to Phu Quoc Island in Vietnam containing three recognized species: the wide-ranging C. intermedius, and the island endemics C. phuquocensis and C. hontreensis. These authors' analysis suggest that multiple undescribed species exist within C. intermedius. These authors report that a taxonomic revision of this species complex is in preparation (Murdoch et al. in prep.)." 104692476,Cyrtodactylus inthanon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,inthanon,,,,,"Kunya, Sumontha, Panitvong, Dongkumfu, Sirisamphan & Pauwels, 2015", 104692490,Cyrtodactylus irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,irregularis,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)", 104692634,Cyrtodactylus jaegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,jaegeri,,,,,"Luu, Calame, Bonkowski, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2014", 104692662,Cyrtodactylus jarujini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,jarujini,,,,,"Ulber, 1993", 104692740,Cyrtodactylus jellesmae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,jellesmae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)",There are numerous published and unpublished data suggest this is a species complex with other Cyrtodactylus species. Further research is needed to clarify its taxonomy (A. Stubbs pers. comm. 2019). 104692774,Cyrtodactylus khammouanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,khammouanensis,,,,,"Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov, 2014", 104692853,Cyrtodactylus khelangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,khelangensis,,,,,"Pauwels, Sumontha, Panitvong & Varaguttanonda, 2014", 104692960,Cyrtodactylus kingsadai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,kingsadai,,,,,"Ziegler, Phung, Le & Nguyen, 2013", 104693070,Cyrtodactylus klakahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,klakahensis,,,,,"Hartmann, Mecke, Kieckbusch, Mader & Kaiser, 2016", 104693148,Cyrtodactylus kunyai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,kunyai,,,,,"Pauwels, Sumontha, Keeratikiat & Phanamphon, 2014", 104693215,Cyrtodactylus laevigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,laevigatus,,,,,"Darevsky, 1964","Genetic research indicates that this species as presently understood is a species complex, which includes Timorese records identified by O'Shea et al. (2015) as an undescribed species." 104693320,Cyrtodactylus lekaguli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,lekaguli,,,,,"Grismer, Wood Jr., Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels, 2012", 104693954,Cyrtodactylus lomyenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,lomyenensis,,,,,"Ngo & Pauwels, 2010","There is a need to review the taxonomic relationship between this species and Crytodactylus rufford, to determine whether they are synonymous (B. Stuart pers. comm. 2017)." 104694009,Cyrtodactylus majulah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,majulah,,,,,"Grismer, Wood & Lim, 2012", 104694549,Cyrtodactylus mandalayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,mandalayensis,,,,,"Mahony, 2009", 104695145,Cyrtodactylus martini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,martini,,,,,"Ngo, 2011", 104695152,Cyrtodactylus multiporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,multiporus,,,,,"Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov, 2014", 104695227,Cyrtodactylus nigriocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,nigriocularis,,,,,"Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky, 2006", 104695570,Cyrtodactylus nuaulu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,nuaulu,,,,,"Oliver, Edgar, Mumpuni, Iskandar & Lilley, 2009", 104696055,Cyrtodactylus otai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,otai,,,,,"Nguyen, Le, Van Pham, Ngo, Hoang, The Pham & Ziegler, 2015", 104696146,Cyrtodactylus pageli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,pageli,,,,,"Schneider, Nguyen, Schmitz, Kingsada, Auer & Ziegler, 2011", 104696182,Cyrtodactylus papilionoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,papilionoides,,,,,"Ulber & Grossmann, 1991", 104697293,Cyrtodactylus petani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,petani,,,,,"Riyanto, Grismer & Wood Jr., 2015", 104697471,Cyrtodactylus phetchaburiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,phetchaburiensis,,,,,"Pauwels, Sumontha & Bauer, 2016", 104697942,Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,phongnhakebangensis,,,,,"Ziegler, Rösler, Herrmann & Thanh, 2003", 104698021,Cyrtodactylus phuketensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,phuketensis,,,,,"Sumontha, Pauwels, Kunya, Nittikul, Samphanthamit & Grismer, 2012", 104698393,Cyrtodactylus phuocbinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,phuocbinhensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Le, Tran, Orlov, Lathrop, Macculloch, Le, Jin, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoag, Che, Murphy & Zhang, 2013", 104698481,Cyrtodactylus phuquocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,phuquocensis,,,,,"Ngo, Grismer & Grismer, 2010", 104698644,Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,pseudoquadrivirgatus,,,,,"Rösler, Nguyen, Vu, Ngo & Ziegler, 2008","Molecular work (Nguyen et al. 2017) suggests that Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus sensu stricto is only known from the type locality in A Luoi district, and that records from the remainder of the distribution correspond to other species whose taxonomic status need to be confirmed. Pending resolution of the taxonomy of these cryptic forms, this account retains these records within C. pseudoquadrivirgatus." 104698694,Cyrtodactylus puhuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,puhuensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Yang, Thi Le, Nguyen, Orlov, Hoang, Nguyen, Jin, Rao, Hoang, Che, Murphy & Zhang, 2014", 104698809,Cyrtodactylus ranongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,ranongensis,,,,,"Sumontha, Pauwels, Panitvong, Kunya & Grismer, 2015", 104698893,Cyrtodactylus roesleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,roesleri,,,,,"Ziegler, Nazarov, Orlov, Nguyen, Vu, Dang, Dinh & Schmitz, 2010", 104699089,Cyrtodactylus rufford,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,rufford,,,,,"Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2016","There is a need to review the taxonomic relationship between this species and Crytodactylus lomyenensis, to determine whether they are synonymous (B. Stuart pers. comm. 2017)." 104699130,Cyrtodactylus russelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,russelli,,,,,"Bauer, 2003", 104699265,Cyrtodactylus saiyok,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,saiyok,,,,,"Panitvong, Sumontha, Tunprasert & Pauwels, 2014", 104699291,Cyrtodactylus samroiyot,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,samroiyot,,,,,"Pauwels & Sumontha, 2014", 104699310,Cyrtodactylus sanook,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,sanook,,,,,"Pauwels, Sumontha, Latinne & Grismer, 2013", 104699348,Cyrtodactylus semiadii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,semiadii,,,,,"Riyanto, Bauer & Yudha, 2014", 104699356,Cyrtodactylus slowinskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,slowinskii,,,,,"Bauer, 2002", 104699365,Cyrtodactylus sommerladi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,sommerladi,,,,,"Luu, Bonkowski, Nguyen, Le, Schneider, Ngo & Ziegler, 2016", 104699374,Cyrtodactylus soni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,soni,,,,,"Le, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2016","The type locality of Cyrtodactylus soni (Van Long Nature Reserve) is only 30 km from the type locality of C. cucphuongensis (Cuc Phuong National Park) (Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017). Morphological characters of these species are relatively similar, so the taxonomic separation of these species need to be confirmed by molecular data.(Q.T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2018)." 104699385,Cyrtodactylus soudthichaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,soudthichaki,,,,,"Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2015", 104699412,Cyrtodactylus spelaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,spelaeus,,,,,"Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Nguyen, Milto, Martynov, Konstantinov & Chulisov, 2014", 104699417,Cyrtodactylus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,spinosus,,,,,"Linkem, McGuire, Hayden, Setiadi, Bickford & Brown, 2008", 104699423,Cyrtodactylus surin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,surin,,,,,"Chan-Ard & Makchai, 2011", 104699508,Cyrtodactylus takouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,takouensis,,,,,"Ngo & Bauer, 2008", 104699526,Cyrtodactylus tamaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tamaiensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1940)", 104699553,Cyrtodactylus taynguyenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,taynguyenensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Le, Tran, Orlov, Lathrop, Macculloch, Le, Jin, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoag, Che, Murphy & Zhang, 2013", 104716721,Cyrtodactylus teyniei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,teyniei,,,,,"David, Nguyen, Schneider & Ziegler, 2011", 104716724,Cyrtodactylus thirakhupti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,thirakhupti,,,,,"Pauwels, Bauer, Sumontha & Chanhome, 2004", 104716737,Cyrtodactylus thuongae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,thuongae,,,,,"Phung, van Schingen, Ziegler & Nguyen, 2014","Nguyen et al. (2017) found that Cyrtodactylus cattiensis, which resembles C. thuongae morphologically, has a wider range than previously recognized in southern Viet Nam. As presently understood both species co-occur in this area, and molecular research is required to clarify taxonomic boundaries within both species (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 104716740,Cyrtodactylus tigroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tigroides,,,,,"Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels, 2003", 104716745,Cyrtodactylus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,variegatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1859)", 104716764,Cyrtodactylus vilaphongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,vilaphongi,,,,,"Schneider, Nguyen, Duc Le, Nophaseud, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2014", 104716767,Cyrtodactylus wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,wallacei,,,,,"Hayden, Brown, Gillespie, Setiadi, Linkem, Iskandar, Umilaela, Bickford, Riyanto, Mumpuni & McGuire, 2008", 104716770,Cyrtodactylus wangkulangkulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,wangkulangkulae,,,,,"Sumontha, Pauwels, Suwannakarn, Nutatheera & Sodob, 2014", 104716792,Cyrtodactylus yangbayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,yangbayensis,,,,,"Tri & Onn, 2010", 104716809,Cyrtodactylus ziegleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,ziegleri,,,,,"Nazarov, Orlov, Nguyen & Ho, 2008","This species was described based on morphological characters, from a series of samples collected at around 900 m asl. (Nazarov et al. 2008). Records subsequently assigned to this species encompass much of Chu Yang Sin National Park across a wide elevational range (500 to 2,000 m asl.), but molecular research is required to confirm that these all refer to the same species (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017). A gecko closely resembling Cyrtodactylus ziegleri from Dak Nong Province was found to be genetically distinct by Nguyen et al. (2017), raising the possibility of cryptic diversity within this morphologically similar group." 104716905,Dixonius minhlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,minhlei,,,,,"Ziegler, Botov, Nguyen, Bauer, Brennan, Ngo & Nguyen, 2016", 104716910,Dixonius taoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,taoi,,,,,"Botov, Phung, Nguyen, Bauer, Brennan & Ziegler, 2015", 104716938,Gekko aaronbaueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,aaronbaueri,,,,,"Ngo, Thai, Phimvohan, David & Teynié, 2015", 104716984,Gekko adleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,adleri,,,,,"Nguyen, Wang, Yang, Lehmann, Le, Ziegler & Bonkowski, 2013", 104717053,Gekko boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,boehmei,,,,,"Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2015", 104717067,Gekko bonkowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,bonkowskii,,,,,"Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2015","Taxonomic research is recommended to clarify the relationship between this species and Gekko thakhakhensis, which was described from the same area (B. Stuart pers. comm. 2017)." 104717112,Gekko canaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,canaensis,,,,,"Ngo & Gamble, 2011","This species is known from a number of isolated populations between the ranges of Gekko grossmanni (around 60 km to the north) and G. takouensis (about 120 km to the south), and it is possible that these - and potentially undiscovered populations within this general region -represent a cline of variation within the G. grossmanni species group (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017). Taxonomic research is recommended to clarify the systematics of this and related species (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 104717120,Gekko canhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,canhi,,,,,"Rösler, Nguyen, van Doan, Ho, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2010", 104717581,Gekko lauhachindai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,lauhachindai,,,,,"Panitvong, Sumontha, Konlek & Kunya, 2010", 104717588,Gekko nutaphandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,nutaphandi,,,,,"Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels, 2008", 104717713,Gekko palmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,palmatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907",This is a species complex which requires taxonomic review (T. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017). 104717773,Gekko petricolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,petricolus,,,,,"Taylor, 1962","Animals from northern Laos may warrant taxonomic investigation to confirm their identity. At present they are assigned to Gekko petricolus, the taxon which with they share the closest morphological and molecular affinities, but it is unclear whether they are truly conspecific (B. Stuart pers. comm. 2017)." 104717831,Gekko reevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,reevesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 104717986,Gekko russelltraini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,russelltraini,,,,,"Ngo, Bauer, Wood Jr. & Grismer, 2009", 104718004,Gekko scientiadventura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,scientiadventura,,,,,"Rösler, Ziegler, Vu, Herrmann & Böhme, 2004", 104718008,Gekko sengchanthavongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,sengchanthavongi,,,,,"Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2015", 104718035,Gekko siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,siamensis,,,,,"Grossmann & Ulber, 1990","A suggestion that this species may be conspecific with Gekko taylori (M. Sumontha pers. comm. 2017) is supported by a recent examination of the G. taylori holotype by H. Ota (O. Pauwels to M. Sumontha, pers. comm. 2017). This account consequently follows the species concept adopted by Uetz and Hallerman (2017) in treating G. taylori as a junior synonym of G. siamensis." 104718065,Gekko takouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,takouensis,,,,,"Ngo & Gamble, 2010", 104718077,Gekko thakhekensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,thakhekensis,,,,,"Luu, Calame, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2014","Taxonomic research is recommended to clarify the relationship between this species and Gekko bonkowskii, which was described from the same area (B. Stuart pers. comm. 2017)." 104718091,Gekko truongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,truongi,,,,,"Phung & Ziegler, 2011", 104718151,Gekko vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,vietnamensis,,,,,"Sang, 2010", 104718187,Hemidactylus vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,vietnamensis,,,,,"Darevsky, Kupriyanova & Roschchin, 1984","This species is difficult to distinguish from related species, particularly the similarly parthenogenic, triploid Hemidactylus garnotii (Darevsky et al. 1984), and karyological data is necessary to distinguish it from the common and widespread H. frenatus (B. Stuart pers. comm. 2017)." 104719268,Brachymeles miriamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brachymeles,miriamae,,,,,"(Heyer, 1972)", 104765549,Plestiodon coreensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,coreensis,,,,,"(Doi & Kamita, 1937)", 104766346,Plestiodon liui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,liui,,,,,"(Hikida & Zhao, 1989)","Hikida and Zhao (1989) note that one of the paratypes, the sole specimen from Hubei, differs from the other three specimens in lacking a postnasal. In the absence of any other known morphological differences these authors attribute this to intraspecific variation, but note that this character is diagnostically relevant for distinguishing species in other members of this genus." 104766670,Plestiodon popei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,popei,,,,,"(Hikida, 1989)","This species was described based on two hatchlings and two embryos (Hikida 1989). As adult characters are unknown, it is possible that taxonomic issues exist with this species." 14564,Plestiodon reynoldsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,reynoldsi,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1910)",Proposed taxonomic revisions would place this species and other North American skinks in the genus Plestiodon (Brandley et al. 2005). 104768050,Plestiodon tunganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,tunganus,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1924)", 104834507,Tropidophorus assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,assamensis,,,,,"Annandale, 1912", 104834777,Tropidophorus guangxiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,guangxiensis,,,,,"Wen, 1992", 104839203,Boiga flaviviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,flaviviridis,,,,,"Vogel & Ganesh, 2013", 169906,Malayotyphlops canlaonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,canlaonensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1917)","Additional studies to verify the taxonomic status of this species, especially concerning its relationship to Malayotyphlops ruficaudus, are needed (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007; McDiarmid et al. 1999)." 169800,Malayotyphlops castonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,castonotus,,,,,"(Wynn & Leviton, 1993)", 169793,Malayotyphlops collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,collaris,,,,,"(Wynn & Leviton, 1993)", 169750,Malayotyphlops hypogius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,hypogius,,,,,"(Savage, 1950)","McDowell (1974) suggested that this species may be conspecific with Typhlops luzonensis and/or T. ruber. Additional studies into the taxonomic status of this species are needed (A. Diesmos pers. comm. 2007). Only the holotype was available to Wynn et al. (2016), but these authors' examination suggested that it was distinct from Malayotyphlops luzonensis or M. ruber" 192061,Malayotyphlops koekkoeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,koekkoeki,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1934)","Wynn et al. (2016) opine that this Typhlops manilae should not be included in the genus Malayotyphlops until its affinities can be ""better evaluated"", this nomenclature is retained here to preserve the definition of Typhlops sensu stricto as a New World genus (Hedges et al. 2014)." 169890,Malayotyphlops luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,luzonensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1919)","The name Typhlops luzonensis has been applied ""somewhat indiscriminately"" to blindsnake records from Luzon, Negros, Cebu and Marinduque, despite the recognition of a distinct species Malayotyphlops ruber on all of these islands (as well as Samar and Mindoro), and the apparently endemic M. hypogius on Cebu (Supsup et al. 2016). 
Since each nominal species has a type locality in a different, geologically distinct island group they are likely to be distinct, valid species (Ferner 2000), but although this arrangement has been followed in recent reviews of blindsnakes (Pyron and Wallach 2014, Hedges et al. 2014) the samples used in this work appear to be misidentifications (Wynn et al. 2016). Further study is therefore needed to clarify species boundaries between the apparently widespread M. luszonensis and M. ruber (Supsup et al. 2016)." 169883,Malayotyphlops ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,ruber,,,,,"(Boettger, 1897)","The name Typhlops ruber has been applied to blindsnake records from Samar, Mindoro, Luzon, Negros, Cebu and Marinduque, but identification of specimens and clarification of this species' true distribution has been complicated by the ""somewhat indiscriminate"" use of the more recent name Typhlops luzonensis for specimens from most of these islands, as well as the recognition of a distinct species Malayotyphlops hypogius from Cebu (Supsup et al. 2016). 
Since each nominal species has a type locality in a different, geologically distinct island group they are likely to be distinct, valid species (Ferner 2000), but although this arrangement has been followed in recent reviews of blindsnakes (Pyron and Wallach 2014, Hedges et al. 2014) the samples used in this work are thought to be misidentifications (Wynn et al. 2016). Further study is therefore needed to clarify species boundaries between the apparently widespread M. luszonensis and M. ruber (Supsup et al. 2016)." 169791,Malayotyphlops ruficaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,ruficaudus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","This species was described from a nonspecific type locality and with limited detail, and examination of the three syntypes suggests that the types include representatives of two species (Wynn et al. 2016). These authors restrict their discussion of this name to a population from Luzon, but note that examination of the syntypes of Typhlops jagorii - presently a junior synonym of Malayotyphlops ruficaudus - is needed to confirm whether this assignment is correct and that the name Malayotyphlops ruficaudus can't presently be assigned with confidence to any specific island population. The concept applied by Wynn et al. (2016) is accepted here over the broader distribution suggested by Leviton et al. (2018) pending further research." 104758894,Cryptoblepharus balinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,balinensis,,,,,"Barbour, 1911","Horner (2007) treated Cryptoblepharus sumbawanus as a subspecies of C. balinensis, but the relationship between these taxa has not been studied in detail." 104758901,Cryptoblepharus burdeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,burdeni,,,,,"Dunn, 1927",Blom et al. (2019) showed genetic divergence between populations of Cryptoblepharus burdeni that warrant further taxonomic study. 104758943,Cryptoblepharus cursor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,cursor,,,,,"Barbour, 1911", 104759044,Cryptoblepharus keiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,keiensis,,,,,"(Roux, 1910)","This genus needs an extensive revision in Indonesia, and the current name 'keiensis' may represent several different undescribed species (A. Stubbs, G. Shea and D. Iskandar pers. comm. 2019)." 104759070,Eremiascincus antoniorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,antoniorum,,,,,"(Smith, 1927)","There are unresolved taxonomic issues within Eremiascincus antoniorum and E. timorensis (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). 

It is unknown whether some or all of the undescribed Eremiascincus species reported by O'Shea et al. (2015) are conspecific to E. antoniorum. Greer (1990) assumed that records from lowland Timor represent this species based on morphological similarities, and suggested that this may also be the case for records of ""E. emigrans"" from other eastern islands in the Lesser Sundas, but neither he nor O'Shea et al. (2015) systematically investigated the taxonomy of this material." 104759151,Eremiascincus butlerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,butlerorum,,,,,"(Aplin, How & Boeadi, 1993)", 104759206,Eremiascincus emigrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,emigrans,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1895)","Collections from Wetar, described as Eremiascincus wetarensis, have been referred to this species as the descriptions of these two taxa are not clearly distinct. Greer (1990) refrained from assigning Wetar specimens to any named species pending further research, but this population has subsequently been treated within E. emigrans by implication." 104759822,Eutropis chapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,chapaensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 104761335,Isopachys borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Isopachys,borealis,,,,,"Lang & Böhme, 1990", 104762374,Jarujinia bipedalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Jarujinia,bipedalis,,,,,"Chan-Ard, Makchai & Cota, 2011", 104762556,Larutia nubisilvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,nubisilvicola,,,,,"Chan-Ard, Cota, Makchai & Lhaoteow, 2011", 104763521,Leptoseps osellai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptoseps,osellai,,,,,"(Böhme, 1981)", 104763838,Leptoseps poilani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptoseps,poilani,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 104764162,Plestiodon chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,chinensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 104764453,Plestiodon quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,quadrilineatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1853", 104764513,Plestiodon tamdaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,tamdaoensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 104769828,Sphenomorphus bacboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,bacboensis,,,,,"(Eremchemko, 2003)", 104770519,Sphenomorphus buenloicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,buenloicus,,,,,"Darevsky & Nguyen, 1983", 104770571,Sphenomorphus buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1905)", 104770916,Sphenomorphus capitolythos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,capitolythos,,,,,"Shea & Michels, 2009", 104771003,Sphenomorphus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,celebensis,,,,,"(Müeller, 1894)", 104771070,Sphenomorphus consobrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,consobrinus,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 104771383,Sphenomorphus grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,grandisonae,,,,,"Taylor, 1962", 104771572,Sphenomorphus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,helenae,,,,,"Cochran, 1927", 104771628,Sphenomorphus incognitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,incognitus,,,,,"(Thompson, 1912)", 104772606,Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,lineopunctulatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1962", 104774830,Sphenomorphus melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,melanopogon,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 104775082,Sphenomorphus mimicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,mimicus,,,,,"Taylor, 1962",This species is known from widely-separated localities and it is unclear whether these are genetically homogeneous (K. Milto pers. comm. 2017). 104775250,Sphenomorphus modiglianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,modiglianii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)", 104775273,Sphenomorphus necopinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,necopinatus,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1942)", 104775402,Sphenomorphus nigrolabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,nigrolabris,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)","Sphenomorphus nigrolabris is a species complex, within which species boundaries remain to be determined. S. amabilis is considered a junior synonym of S. nigrolabris in most literature, but as a distinct species by Koch (2012) following Malkmus (1993). Although likely to be distinct S. amiabilis has not yet been formally resurrected. As such diagnostic features which can reliably distinguish it from S. nigrolabris are unknown and its distribution cannot be determined with any certainty (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). It is consequently retained within S. nigrolabris here pending a formal taxonomic revision." 104775589,Sphenomorphus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,orientalis,,,,,"(Shreve, 1940)", 104776162,Sphenomorphus puncticentralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,puncticentralis,,,,,"Iskandar, 1994", 104776211,Sphenomorphus sananus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,sananus,,,,,"(Kopstein, 1926)", 104776275,Sphenomorphus sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 104776668,Sphenomorphus schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,schlegeli,,,,,"(Dunn, 1927)", 104776718,Sphenomorphus sheai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,sheai,,,,,"Nguyen, Nguyen, van Devender, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2013", 104777012,Sphenomorphus striolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,striolatus,,,,,"(Weber, 1890)",The distinction between this species and the taxonomically complex Sphenomorphus melanopogon is not clear and is in need of further research (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). 104777153,Sphenomorphus sungaicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,sungaicolus,,,,,"Sumarli, Grismer, Wood Jr., Amiruddin, Rizal, Lukman, Nur & Linkem, 2016", 104777587,Sphenomorphus tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tetradactylus,,,,,"(Darevsky & Orlov, 2005)", 104777724,Sphenomorphus tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tonkinensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Schmitz, Nguyen, Orlov, Böhme & Ziegler, 2011", 104777825,Sphenomorphus tridigitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tridigitus,,,,,"(Bourret, 1939)", 104777956,Sphenomorphus vanheurni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,vanheurni,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1942)",The subspecies Sphenomorphus vanheurnei balicus is likely to represent a different species to S. vanheurni (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). 104778286,Sphenomorphus zimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,zimmeri,,,,,"(Ahl, 1933)", 104778638,Tropidophorus baviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,baviensis,,,,,"Bourret, 1939", 104778762,Tropidophorus berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,berdmorei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1853)", 104831419,Tropidophorus boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,boehmei,,,,,"Nguyen, Nguyen, Schmitz, Orlov & Ziegler, 2010", 104831891,Tropidophorus cocincinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,cocincinensis,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 104832114,Tropidophorus hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,hainanus,,,,,"Smith, 1923", 104832271,Tropidophorus hangnam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,hangnam,,,,,"Chuaynkern, Nabhitabhata, Inthara, Kamsook & Somsri, 2005", 104832360,Tropidophorus iniquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,iniquus,,,,,"Lidth de Jeude, 1905", 104833378,Tropidophorus matsuii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,matsuii,,,,,"Hikida, Orlov, Nabhitabhata & Ota, 2002", 104833613,Tropidophorus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,microlepis,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 104833688,Tropidophorus murphyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,murphyi,,,,,"Hikida, Orlov, Nabhitabhata & Ota, 2002", 104833814,Tropidophorus noggei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,noggei,,,,,"Ziegler, Thanh & Thanh, 2005", 104834110,Tropidophorus robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,robinsoni,,,,,"Smith, 1919", 104834131,Tropidophorus sinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,sinicus,,,,,"Boettger, 1886", 104834214,Tropidophorus thai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,thai,,,,,"Smith, 1919", 104834746,Tropidophorus baconi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,baconi,,,,,"Hikida, Riyanto & Ota, 2003", 104836737,Calamaria acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,acutirostris,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 104836850,Calamaria apraeocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,apraeocularis,,,,,"Smith, 1927", 104837010,Calamaria banggaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,banggaiensis,,,,,"Koch, Arida, McGuire, Iskandar & Böhme, 2009", 104837113,Calamaria brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,brongersmai,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965", 104837288,Calamaria butonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,butonensis,,,,,"Howard & Gillespie, 2007", 104837324,Calamaria ceramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,ceramensis,,,,,"De Rooij, 1913", 104837449,Calamaria curta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,curta,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 104837478,Calamaria longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,longirostris,,,,,"Howard & Gillespie, 2007", 104837797,Calamorhabdium acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamorhabdium,acuticeps,,,,,"Ahl, 1933", 104837822,Calamorhabdium kuekenthali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamorhabdium,kuekenthali,,,,,"Boettger, 1898", 104838186,Pseudorabdion sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Müller, 1895)",The records form central Sulawesi need examination to determine whether it is the same species (A. Stubbs pers. comm. 2019). 104838455,Pseudorabdion modiglianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,modiglianii,,,,,"Doria & Petri, 2010", 104838669,Pseudorabdion sirambense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,sirambense,,,,,"Doria & Petri, 2010", 104838823,Pseudorabdion torquatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Pseudorabdion,torquatum,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)",Vogel et al. (2016) removed this species from synonymy with Pseudorabion longiceps on the basis of morphological data. 104839041,Boiga tanahjampeana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,tanahjampeana,,,,,"Orlov & Ryabov, 2002", 104839336,Chrysopelea rhodopleuron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chrysopelea,rhodopleuron,,,,,"Boie, 1827", 104839453,Gonyosoma jansenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gonyosoma,jansenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1859)", 104840930,Brachyorrhos gastrotaenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Brachyorrhos,gastrotaenius,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 104841067,Brachyorrhos raffrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Brachyorrhos,raffrayi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)", 104841115,Brachyorrhos wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Brachyorrhos,wallacei,,,,,"Murphy, Mumpuni, de Lang, Gower & Sanders, 2012", 104841445,Rhabdophis callistus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,callistus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 104841804,Rhabdophis akraios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,akraios,,,,,"Doria, Petri, Bellati, Tiso & Pistarino, 2013", 104842394,Malayopython timoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Malayopython,timoriensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)","

The Lesser Sundas Python was formerly recognized in the genus Python, and later included in the genus Broghammerus (Hoser 2004) that is considered invalid as it lacked accompanying data and analysis (Kaiser et al. 2011). Reynolds et al. (2014) therefore erected the new genus Malayopython, that has since been supported (Barker and Barker 2015, Murray-Dickson et al. 2017, Barker et al. 2018), and includes the two species M. reticulatus and M. timoriensis.

A subpopulation on Rinca Island has been recorded that likely reveals a new sister species of M. timoriensis (Barker et al. 2018). 

" 104842540,Cyclotyphlops deharvengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cyclotyphlops,deharvengi,,,,,"In Den Bosch & Ineich, 1994", 104842569,Ramphotyphlops bipartitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,bipartitus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)", 104851060,Malayotyphlops kraalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Malayotyphlops,kraalii,,,,,"(Doria, 1874)", 104852320,Tropidolaemus laticinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Tropidolaemus,laticinctus,,,,,"(Kuch, Gumprecht & Melaun, 2007)", 49460189,Boophis boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,boehmei,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1992", 49454520,Boophis brachychir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,brachychir,,,,,"(Boettger, 1882)","Boophis brachychir is sometimes confused with Boophis madagascariensis and was removed from synonymy with it by Glaw and Vences (1992). Subsequently, Glaw et al. (2010) removed Boophis entingae from synonymy with B. brachychir." 49546174,Boophis elenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,elenae,,,,,"Andreone, 1993","In the Boophis luteus group, according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 67451774,Boophis idae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,idae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867) ",In the Boophis tephraeomystax group; Boophis hillenii merged into this species concept (Frost 2014). 68206465,Boophis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,occidentalis,,,,,"Glaw & Vences, 1994 ","This species was previously considered to be a subspecies of Boophis albilabris, but it was raised to full specific rank by Andreone et al. (2002). Boophis tsilomaro was previously confused with this species (Vences et al. 2010)." 49380377,Boophis rhodoscelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,rhodoscelis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 42484423,Emoia submetallica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,submetallica,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)","The concept of this species previously included the subspecies E. submetallica klossii (Boulenger, 1914), but that is now considered to be a good species (Brown 1991) and is assessed separately." 15632,Osmoderma eremita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Osmoderma,eremita,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1763)","

The Osmoderma species complex is here treated as five separate species (barnabita, eremita, cristinae, italica and lassallei), following Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). Distribution limits of these different forms remain poorly resolved, but for the purpose of these assessments we follow the approximate distribution limits outlined in Audisio et al. (2007, 2008). There is ongoing debate as to whether or not these forms constitute valid species, but for the purpose of this assessment we are assessing each form separately.

" 61797,Hyperolius dintelmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,dintelmanni,,,,,"Lötters & Schmitz, 2004","While Amiet (2012) considers this species to be a synonym of Hyperolius tuberculatus which is followed by Frost (2016), we are following expert consensus (R. Bell and S. Lötters pers. comm. November 2016) that it should be maintained as a separate species pending further taxonomic study." 89255161,Phrynopus daemon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,daemon,,,,,"Chávez, Santa Cruz, Rodríguez & Lehr, 2015", 89255144,Phrynopus valquii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,valquii,,,,,"Chávez, Santa Cruz, Rodríguez, & Lehr, 2015", 78540093,Pristimantis deyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,deyi,,,,,"Lehr, Gregory & Catenazzi, 2013", 78585312,Rhinella yunga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,yunga,,,,,"Moravec, Lehr, Cusi, Córdova & Gvoždík, 2014", 89183170,Bryophryne bakersfield,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,bakersfield,,,,,"Chaparro, Padial, Gutiérrez, & De la Riva, 2015", 197889,Archaetya chacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Archaetya,chacei,,,,,"Villalobos, 1960", 197610,Atya abelei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,abelei,,,,,"Felgenhauer & Martin, 1983", 197803,Atya brachyrhinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,brachyrhinus,,,,,"H.H.Jr. Hobbs & Hart, 1982", 197691,Atya dressleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,dressleri,,,,,"Abele, 1975", 198241,Atya gabonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,gabonensis,,,,,"Giebel, 1875", 197934,Atya innocous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,innocous,,,,,"(Herbst, 1792)", 197981,Atya lanipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,lanipes,,,,,"Holthuis, 1963", 197847,Atya limnetes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,limnetes,,,,,"Holthuis, 1986", 197585,Atya ortmannioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,ortmannioides,,,,,"Villalobos, 1956", 197895,Atya scabra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atya,scabra,,,,,"(Leach, 1816)", 198184,Cryphiops brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Cryphiops,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Gomes Corrêa, 1973)", 197608,Cryphiops caementarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Cryphiops,caementarius,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 198083,Euryrhynchus amazoniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchus,amazoniensis,,,,,"Tiefenbacher, 1978", 197706,Euryrhynchus burchelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchus,burchelli,,,,,"Calman, 1907", 197921,Euryrhynchus pemoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchus,pemoni,,,,,"Pereira, 1985", 197872,Euryrhynchus tomasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchus,tomasi,,,,,"De Grave, 2007", 197837,Euryrhynchus wrzesniowskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchus,wrzesniowskii,,,,,"Miers, 1877", 197644,Macrobrachium denticulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,denticulatum,,,,,"Ostrovski, Da Fonseca & Da Silva-Ferreira, 1996", 197612,Macrobrachium gallus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,gallus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1952", 197633,Macrobrachium iheringi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,iheringi,,,,,"(Ortmann, 1897)", 198068,Macrobrachium jelskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,jelskii,,,,,"(Miers, 1877)", 197755,Macrobrachium rodriguezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,rodriguezi,,,,,"Pereira, 1986", 197635,Macrobrachium villalobosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,villalobosi,,,,,"H.H.Jr. Hobbs, 1973", 197683,Palaemonetes lindsayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,lindsayi,,,,,"Villalobos Figueroa & H.H.Jr. Hobbs, 1974", 198201,Palaemonetes mexicanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,mexicanus,,,,,"Strenth, 1976", 197940,Palaemonetes suttkusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Palaemonetes,suttkusi,,,,,"Smalley, 1964", 178252,Dasia olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Dasia,olivacea,,,,,"Gray, 1839","The type of Euprepes microcephalus, an enigmatic species reportedly from Mexico and assigned by Boulenger to the anguid genus Diploglossus, is in poor condition but Smith and Taylor (1950) suggest that it may correspond to a species of the Asian skink genus Dasia and that the specimen was mislabelled. The validity and precise identity of this taxon remain unclear, but no similar species has been reported from Mexico, it has not been recognized as a valid species in recent Mexican checklists, and for convenience the Reptile Database includes a summary of its taxonomic status in their entry for Dasia olivacea (Uetz et al. 2019). Examination of photographs of the holotype suggests that this taxon is not a Dasia, but is probably a member of a different Asian or African genus (Shea and Iskandar 2020).

Shea and Iskandar (2020) examined photographs and the description of the holotype of Mabuia wirzi, a species neglected since its description in 1925, and concluded that it should be considered a junior synonym of Dasia olivacea." 198168,Potimirim americana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Potimirim,americana,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1855)", 42927566,Potimirim brasiliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Potimirim,brasiliana,,,,,"Villalobos, 1960", 197992,Potimirim glabra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Potimirim,glabra,,,,," (Kingsley, 1878)", 197642,Potimirim mexicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Potimirim,mexicana,,,,,"(de Saussure, 1857)", 197709,Potimirim potimirim,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Potimirim,potimirim,,,,,"(Müller, 1881)", 164719,Eirenis medus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Eirenis,medus,,,,,"(Chernov, 1940)", 107170297,Gonodera metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Gonodera,metallica,,,,,"(Küster, 1850)", 105209254,Craugastor gabbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,gabbi,,,,,"Arias, Chaves, Crawford & Parra-Olea, 2016","Based on evidence of separation in the metapopulation lineages of the Craugastor podiciferus species group, Craugastor gabbi has been split from the taxonomic concept of Craugastor stejnegerianus with the premontane subpopulations belonging to C. gabbi (Arias et al. 2016)." 107251199,Atlantica rupivaga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,rupivaga,,,,,"(Rähle and Allgeier, 2011)", 41586,Lycalopex fulvipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Lycalopex,fulvipes,,,,,"Martin, 1837","Several recent molecular studies have provided support for a monophyletic assemblage of South American endemic canids (Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005, Perini et al. 2010), with Chrysocyon and Speothos forming a sister-clade to the monophyletic south American foxes and Atelocynus. On the basis of morphology, Zunino et al. (1995) reviewed previous work and also supported clustering species within the two previous paraphyletic genera (Pseudalopex, Lycalopex) into a single monophyletic genus. They further argued that Lycalopex had priority over Pseudalopex, subsequently also supported by Zrzavý et al. (2004: 324). The only outstanding question would have been whether Dusicyon would have been a more appropriate name, since Perini et al. (2010) reported a close relationship between L. culpaeus and Dusicyon. However, we now know that Dusicyon is far outside this clade (Slater et al. 2009, Austin et al. 2013). Based on this evidence, the genus Lycalopex is used over Pseudalopex for all South American foxes, following Wozencraft's (2005) earlier treatment." 107282592,Hyloscirtus diabolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,diabolus,,,,,"Rivera-Correa, García-Burneo & Grant, 2016", 107282713,Pristimantis iiap,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,iiap,,,,,"Padial, Gagliardi-Urrutia, Chaparro & Gutiérrez, 2016", 107283970,Pristimantis pulchridormientes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pulchridormientes,,,,,"Chávez & Catenazzi, 2016", 55838,Callimedusa atelopoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Callimedusa,atelopoides,,,,,"(Duellman, Cadle & Cannatella, 1988)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Callimedusa (Duellman et al. 2016)." 55866,Callimedusa tomopterna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Callimedusa,tomopterna,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Callimedusa (Duellman et al. 2016)." 55839,Pithecopus ayeaye,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,ayeaye,,,,,"Lutz, 1966","Subopulations in Serra da Canastra could pertain to a different taxon (R. Brandão pers. comm. 2008).

This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016)." 135966,Pithecopus azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,azureus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","Originally in the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group. Revalidated and redescribed by Caramaschi (2006) based on morphological features and colour patterns, and since transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016)." 55846,Pithecopus centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,centralis,,,,,"(Bokermann, 1965)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016)." 55853,Pithecopus hypochondrialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,hypochondrialis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016).

The former southern subspecies Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea, known from Argentina, is assessed separately as Pithecopus azureus." 55857,Pithecopus megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,megacephalus,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis by Brandão (2002). Specimens associated with this name from the Serra do Cipó are not conspecific with the holotype (Brandão 2002). The species was redescribed by Caramaschi (2006). This species has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016). Ramos et al. (2017) found genetic structure along the spatial distribution of the species in the South Espinhaço Mountain Range corresponding to three population groups: northern, central and southern. These groups may represent separate species." 135878,Pithecopus nordestinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,nordestinus,,,,,"(Caramaschi, 2006)",In the Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis group according to the original publication. Phyllomedusa nordestina was distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (Caramaschi 2006). This species has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016). 55858,Pithecopus oreades,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,oreades,,,,,"(Brandão, 2002)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016)." 55859,Pithecopus palliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,palliatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016)." 55862,Pithecopus rohdei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Pithecopus,rohdei,,,,,"(Mertens, 1926)","This species was first assessed under the generic name Phyllomedusa, but has since been transferred to the genus Pithecopus (Duellman et al. 2016).This form is probably a complex of more than one species that requires taxonomic investigation (Ramos et al. 2019)." 54578,Sclerophrys asmarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,asmarae,,,,,"(Tandy, Bogart, Largen & Feener, 1982)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54589,Sclerophrys blanfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,blanfordii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54600,Sclerophrys camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,camerunensis,,,,,"(Parker, 1936)","This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016).

M.-O. Rödel (pers. comm.) considers that populations from Togo westwards belong to Sclerophrys togoensis. M. Tandy (pers comm.) considers that both Sclerophrys camerunensis and s. togoensis might occur sypatrically in West Africa. In this account we follow the former view, and restrict S. camerunensis to Central Africa." 54745,Sclerophrys capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,capensis,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838","This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). The species name has also changed from rangeri (a replacement name) to capensis, the original combination under Sclerophrys." 54609,Sclerophrys chudeaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,chudeaui,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1919)","This species is in the Amietophrynus blanfordii Group according to Tandy and Keith (1972), who also noted that it was described from inadequate postmetamorphic material making it a nomen dubium. Tandy and Feener (1985), suggested that it might represent A. xeros, A. regularis or A. pentoni.

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54618,Sclerophrys cristiglans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,cristiglans,,,,,"(Inger & Menzies, 1961)","This species was considered to be a synonym of Amietophrynus latifrons by Tandy and Keith (1972). Its taxonomic status remains uncertain, and Tandy (pers. comm.) suggests that it might be conspecific with Amietophrynus. togoensis or A. camerunensis.

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54624,Sclerophrys danielae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,danielae,,,,,"(Perret, 1977)","Although there have been no recent records of this species, even though it occurs in a well-surveyed region, it appears to be taxonomically valid (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.).

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54631,Sclerophrys dodsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,dodsoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)",This species was under the generic name Duttaphrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54642,Sclerophrys fuliginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,fuliginata,,,,,"(Witte, 1932)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016).

This species is sometimes considered to be a synonym of Sclerophrys funerea. 54643,Sclerophrys funerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,funerea,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016).

Sclerophrys djohongensis and S. buchneri are sometimes considered to belong to this species. 54649,Sclerophrys garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,garmani,,,,,"(Meek, 1897)","There is confusion regarding the taxonomy of this species and Amietophrynus poweri (M. Largen, J. Poynton, L. Mazibuko and M. Tandy pers. comm.). It is possible that the true Amietophrynus garmani is restricted to northeastern Africa, with animals from further south belonging to another species (Largen 2001). In this account, we follow the traditional understanding of the species' distribution and taxonomy, pending further information.

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54659,Sclerophrys gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,gutturalis,,,,,"(Power, 1927)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54681,Sclerophrys kerinyagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,kerinyagae,,,,,"(Keith, 1968)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54682,Sclerophrys kisoloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,kisoloensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54686,Sclerophrys langanoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,langanoensis,,,,,"(Largen, Tandy & Tandy, 1978)",It is possible that this name covers two species (Tandy pers. comm.).

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54689,Sclerophrys lemairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,lemairii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54724,Sclerophrys pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,pardalis,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1935)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54729,Sclerophrys pentoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,pentoni,,,,,"(Anderson, 1893)","This species was under the generic name Bufo but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016).

Bufo chudeaui Chabanaud, 1919, which is known only from inadequate post-metamorphic material (rendering it a nomen dubium) from Mali could belong to this species (Tandy and Feener 1985)." 54736,Sclerophrys poweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,poweri,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1935)","There is confusion regarding the taxonomy of this species and Amietophrynus garmani (M. Largen, J. Poynton, L. Mazibuko and M. Tandy pers. comm.).

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54746,Sclerophrys reesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,reesi,,,,,"(Poynton, 1977)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54747,Sclerophrys regularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,regularis,,,,,"(Reuss, 1833)","Amietophrynus chudeaui (Chabanaud, 1919), which is known only from inadequate postmetamorphic material (rendering it a nomen dubium) from Mali could belong to this species (Tandy and Feener 1985). The taxon is likely comprised of a complex of species (V. Gvozdik pers.comm. November 2012).

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54765,Sclerophrys steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,steindachneri,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1893)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54783,Sclerophrys tuberosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,tuberosa,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54784,Sclerophrys turkanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,turkanae,,,,,"(Tandy & Feener, 1985)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54786,Sclerophrys urunguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,urunguensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54796,Sclerophrys vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,vittata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","This species is known from Uganda, but there are doubts as to whether or not it extends as far north as Egypt. Specimens from Egypt have been separated as Sclerophrys kassasii, but Tandy (pers. comm.) still considers that S. vittatus occurs in Egypt.

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54799,Sclerophrys xeros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,xeros,,,,,"(Tandy, Tandy, Keith & Duff-MacKay, 1976)","Sclerophrys (Amietophrynus) chudeaui (Chabanaud, 1919), which is known only from inadequate postmetamorphic material (rendering it a nomen dubium) from Mali could belong to this species (Tandy and Feener 1985).

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 107353425,Atlantica calathoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,calathoides,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1863)","A recent revision of the genus Atlantica by Cameron et al. (2013) based on shell characters and genital anatomy, promoted the transfer of this genus from Discidae to Gastrodontidae (Gastropoda: Pulmunata). Furthermore, the former taxon Discus guerinianus subsp. calathoides (Lowe, 1863) becomes Atlantica calathoides (Lowe, 1863) according to this revision." 5482,Craspedopoma costatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CRASPEDOPOMATIDAE,Craspedopoma,costatum,,,,,"(Shuttleworth, 1852)", 107370421,Cryptella susannae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PARMACELLIDAE,Cryptella,susannae,,,,,"(Hutterer, 1990)", 107396913,Wollastonaria vermetiformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Wollastonaria,vermetiformis,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1855)","This is a distinct taxon related to the D. oxytropis group, with one further extant taxon and several fossil species. It is recognised on size, morphology and distribution." 107396967,Madeirovitrina crassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Madeirovitrina,crassa,,,,,"(Groh & Hemmen, 1986)", 13219,Mesocricetus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Mesocricetus,auratus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)", 107424562,Abaxitrella hieroglyphica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Abaxitrella,hieroglyphica,,,,,"Gorochov, 2002", 107424699,Abelona michaelisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Abelona,michaelisi,,,,,"(Griffini, 1908)", 107425053,Acrida formosana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrida,formosana,,,,,"Steinmann, 1963", 107425304,Afromastax rubrifemur,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,THERICLEIDAE,Afromastax,rubrifemur,,,,,"Descamps, 1977", 107425405,Alpinanoplophilus yezoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Alpinanoplophilus,yezoensis,,,,,"Ishikawa, 1993", 107425653,Amphiprosopia adjuncta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amphiprosopia,adjuncta,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)","Catailopus klaptoczi Karny, 1917 is likely to be a synonym of this species (Mestre and Chiffaud 2006)." 107425763,Anaulacomera alfaroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anaulacomera,alfaroi,,,,,"Rehn, 1918", 199560,Arachnocephalus medvedevi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Arachnocephalus,medvedevi,,,,,"Gorochov, 1994", 44710484,Bradyporus sureyai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Bradyporus,sureyai,,,,,"Ünal, 2011", 107430417,Anaxipha natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Anaxipha,natalensis,,,,,"Chopard, 1955", 107430553,Aphonomorphus variegatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Aphonomorphus,variegatus,,,,,"Chopard, 1912", 107430576,Asiophlugis sulawesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Asiophlugis,sulawesi,,,,,"(Jin, 1993)", 107430600,Austroicetes interioris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Austroicetes,interioris,,,,,"White & Key, 1957", 107430621,Caryanda pieli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Caryanda,pieli,,,,,"Chang, 1939", 107430633,Cercoceracris albovittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Cercoceracris,albovittata,,,,,"Descamps, 1976", 107430652,Chibchacris sturmi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chibchacris,sturmi,,,,,"Ronderos, 1981", 107430658,Chorthippus changbaishanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,changbaishanensis,,,,,"Liu, 1987",Two subspecies of this species are known: Chorthippus changbaishanensis changbaishanensis and Chorthippus changbaishanensis longipennis (Lu et al. 2012). The latter is likely to be the macropterous morph of the former subspecies. 107430682,Circocephalus indica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Circocephalus,indica,,,,,"Bhowmik & Halder, 1982","Several authors have stated that this species is likely to belong in a different genus, including Bhowmik (1986)." 107430701,Conozoa picturata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Conozoa,picturata,,,,,"Scudder, 1902",This species is likely to be a synonym of Trachyrhachys kiowa or Mestobregma plattei (D. Lightfoot and D. Fergusan pers. comm. 2018). A comparison of the type material is necessary. 107430757,Dnopherula richardsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Dnopherula,richardsi,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1953)", 107430801,Duroniella acuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Duroniella,acuta,,,,,"Uvarov, 1952", 107430812,Epistaurus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Epistaurus,meridionalis,,,,,"Bi, 1984", 107430856,Jivarus ochraceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Jivarus,ochraceus,,,,,"Ronderos, 1981", 107430867,Leptoscirtus herero,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Leptoscirtus,herero,,,,,"Karny, 1910", 107430872,Melanoplus hesperus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Melanoplus,hesperus,,,,,"Hebard, 1919", 107430877,Minihippus brevipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Minihippus,brevipennis,,,,,"(Miller, 1929)", 107430892,Noliba mjobergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Noliba,mjobergi,,,,,"Willemse, 1938", 107430924,Pareucephalacris luridicrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pareucephalacris,luridicrus,,,,,"Descamps, 1980", 107430934,Praxibulus uncinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Praxibulus,uncinatus,,,,,"Key, 1989", 107430957,Pseudoceles palaestinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pseudoceles,palaestinus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1949","The species is only known from a singly type specimen, so that information on intraspecific variability is missing. A thorough study of more specimens from the type locality and comparison with other Pseudoceles species, particularly P. ledereri and P. ebneri, is required to clarify its status." 107430974,Sinaloa garabe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sinaloa,garabe,,,,,"Otte & Cohn, 2002", 107430979,Sphingonotus finotianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,finotianus,,,,,"(Saussure, 1885)", 107430994,Triodicolacris picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Triodicolacris,picta,,,,,"Baehr, 1992","This species needs to be taxonomically studied and compared with material of other Australian grasshoppers (D. Rentz, pers. comm. 2018)." 107431005,Valanga nigricornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Valanga,nigricornis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1838)",The species consists of numerous subspecies. The taxonomy is in need of revision to clarify species delimitation and validity of subspecies. 107435057,Gryllotaurus bicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ANOSTOSTOMATIDAE,Gryllotaurus,bicornis,,,,,"Karny, 1929", 107435064,Lutosa azteca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ANOSTOSTOMATIDAE,Lutosa,azteca,,,,,"(Saussure & Pictet, 1897)", 107435116,Euschmidtia somereni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,somereni,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 107435178,Pseudoschmidtia curticerca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Pseudoschmidtia,curticerca,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 107435206,Tetefortina lohenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Tetefortina,lohenae,,,,,"Descamps & Wintrebert, 1965", 107435217,Giganteremus spinulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Giganteremus,spinulosus,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888)", 107435270,Melaneremus philippinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Melaneremus,philippinus,,,,,"(Griffini, 1908)", 107435339,Hapithus cerbatana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Hapithus,cerbatana,,,,,"Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009", 107435348,Hapithus semnos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Hapithus,semnos,,,,,"(Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009)", 107435355,Metioche maorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Metioche,maorica,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)",The taxonomy of this species has not been studied in recent years. A detailed taxonomic study is needed to test whether it consists of several species (Macfarlane et al. 2010). 107435484,Modicogryllus angustulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Modicogryllus,angustulus,,,,,"(Walker, 1871)", 107435581,Dianemobius kimurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Dianemobius,kimurae,,,,,"(Shiraki, 1911)", 107435663,Endolandrevus pubescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Endolandrevus,pubescens,,,,,"Chopard, 1930","The species may belong to another genus (Gorochov 2016). As the record from Mt. Kalulong is based upon a female specimen (which are more difficult to distinguish), confirmation of its presence should be confirmed based upon a male specimen." 107435672,Nemobiopsis jabase,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Nemobiopsis,jabase,,,,,"Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009", 107435845,Neogryllopsis tshokwane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Neogryllopsis,tshokwane,,,,,"Otte, 1983", 107435877,Oecanthus exclamationis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Oecanthus,exclamationis,,,,,"Davis, 1907", 107435959,Cylindrogryllus aculeatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Cylindrogryllus,aculeatus,,,,,"(Saussure, 1878)", 107436012,Pteronemobius monochromus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Pteronemobius,monochromus,,,,,"Chopard, 1955",A proper taxonomic revision of the African Nemobiinae is needed. It is likely that there are many undescribed species occurring in Africa. 107436070,Trigonidomorpha vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Trigonidomorpha,vittata,,,,,"Chopard, 1954", 107436290,Vitixipha axios,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Vitixipha,axios,,,,,"Otte & Cowper, 2007", 107450196,Talia bandumu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Talia,bandumu,,,,,"Otte & Alexander, 1983", 107450293,Biroella rammei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MORABIDAE,Biroella,rammei,,,,,"Bolívar, 1925", 107450346,Pamphagus batnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Pamphagus,batnensis,,,,,"Benkenana & Petit, 2012", 107450476,Phyteumas whellani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PYRGOMORPHIDAE,Phyteumas,whellani,,,,,"Dirsh, 1953", 107450526,Pyrgomorphella sphenarioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PYRGOMORPHIDAE,Pyrgomorphella,sphenarioides,,,,,"Bolívar, 1904", 107450623,Tachycines solida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Tachycines,solida,,,,,"(Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)", 107450664,Eurhaphidophora bona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Eurhaphidophora,bona,,,,,"Gorochov, 2012", 107450722,Paratachycines sadoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Paratachycines,sadoensis,,,,,"Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003", 107450746,Rhaphidophora exigua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Rhaphidophora,exigua,,,,,"Gorochov, 2002", 107450852,Proracris insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ROMALEIDAE,Proracris,insignis,,,,,"(Gerstaecker, 1889)", 107450973,Criotettix telifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Criotettix,telifera,,,,,"(Walker, 1871)", 107451215,Cyphotettix camelus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Cyphotettix,camelus,,,,,"Rehn, 1952", 107451270,Formosatettix gorkhanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Formosatettix,gorkhanus,,,,,"Ingrisch, 2001", 107451335,Hirrius scrobiculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Hirrius,scrobiculatus,,,,,"Günther, 1937", 107451528,Saussurella acuticornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Saussurella,acuticornis,,,,,"Zheng, 1998","The genus Saussurella is in need of a taxonomic revision as the intraspecific variability in some traits that have been used in species descriptions is not well documented. It is possible that Saussurella acuticornis is a junior synonym of Saussurella decurva (J. Skejo, pers. comm. 2018)." 107460514,Tegotettix corniculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tegotettix,corniculatus,,,,,"(Stål, 1877)","The species is likely to belong in another genus (J. Skejo, pers. comm. 2018)." 107460535,Tettigidea trinitatis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tettigidea,trinitatis,,,,,"Bruner, 1906", 107460557,Conocephalus striata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Conocephalus,striata,,,,,"Willemse, 1942", 107460590,Coryphodonta ikonnikovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Coryphodonta,ikonnikovi,,,,,"Bey-Bienko, 1935","This species might belong to the genus Liara, subgenus Acanthocoryphus (S. Ingrisch 2018, pers. comm.)." 107460670,Elimaea kutu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Elimaea,kutu,,,,,"Ingrisch, 2011", 107460691,Euconocephalus vaginalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Euconocephalus,vaginalis,,,,,"(Redtenbacher, 1891)", 107460801,Eumetrioptera beybienkoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eumetrioptera,beybienkoi,,,,,"Bekuzin, 1978", 107460834,Grammadera chapadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Grammadera,chapadensis,,,,,"Bruner, 1915", 107460841,Hemisaga irregularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Hemisaga,irregularis,,,,,"(Redtenbacher, 1891)","This species may represent a species complex (D. Rentz, pers. comm. 2018). Therefore, more taxonomic work is needed." 107460876,Horatosphaga crosskeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Horatosphaga,crosskeyi,,,,,"Ragge, 1960", 107460903,Idiostatus wymorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Idiostatus,wymorei,,,,,"Caudell, 1934", 107460926,Liotrachela philippina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Liotrachela,philippina,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878","This species has three subspecies, L. philippina ceramica from Seram Island, L. philippina mindanica from Mindanao and L. philippina philippina. Karny (1926) indicates that L. p. ceramica may represent a unique species. The genus is in need of taxonomic revision (M.K. Tan, pers. comm 2018)." 40057,Boettgeria crispa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Boettgeria,crispa,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 76317605,Xenopus petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,petersii,,,,,"Bocage, 1895",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Xenopus poweri (Furman et al. 2015). 107580991,Xenopus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,muelleri,,,,,"(Peters, 1844)","This is the restricted concept of this species following the split of Xenopus fischbergi (Evans et al. 2015). 

It is part of a complex of poorly understood species closely related to Xenopus laevis.  It seems likely that many records from the inland parts of Tanzania currently assigned to this species should in fact be referred to Xenopus borealis, and the distribution maps probably records this species as occurring much too widely in this country." 89256756,Xenopus tropicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,tropicalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1864)", 107625428,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Breede',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Breede',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape Galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Barnard 1943, Skelton 2001). The Cape Galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River system in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River system on the west coast of South Africa (Waters and Cambray 1997, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Chakona et al. 2013, Waters and Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2008 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages in the south-western CFE (Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on the Breede lineage (hereafter Galaxias sp. nov. ‘Breede’) (Chakona et al. 2013). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107626097,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Goukou',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Goukou',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape Galaxias (Galaxias zebratus) (Barnard 1943, Skelton 2001). The Cape Galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River system in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River system on the west coast of South Africa (Waters and Cambray 1995, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Waters and Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006, Chakona et al. 2013). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2008 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages in the south-western CFE (Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on the lineage that is endemic to the Goukou River system (hereafter Galaxias sp. nov ‘Goukou’). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107626351,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Gourits',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Gourits',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Barnard 1943, Skelton, 2001). The Cape galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River System in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River System on the west coast of South Africa (Waters & Cambray 1995, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Waters & Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006, Chakona et al. 2013). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2008 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages in the south-western CFE (Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on the lineage that is endemic to the Gouritz River System (hereafter Galaxias sp. nov ‘Gouritz’). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107626507,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Heuningnes',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Heuningnes',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape Galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Barnard 1943, Skelton 2001). The Cape Galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River System in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River System on the west coast of South Africa (Waters and Cambray 1995, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Chakona et al. 2013, Waters and Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2000 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages across the CFE (Chakona et al. in preparation, Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on the Heuningnes lineage (hereafter Galaxias sp. ‘Heuningnes’, see Chakona et al. 2013). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107626648,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Klein',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Klein',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape Galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Barnard 1943, Skelton 2001). The Cape Galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River System in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River System on the west coast of South Africa (Waters and Cambray 1995, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Waters and Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006, Chakona et al. 2013). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2000 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages across the CFE (Chakona et al. in preparation, Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on the Klein lineage (hereafter Galaxias sp. nov. ‘Klein’, see Chakona et al. 2013). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107626712,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Riviersonderend',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Riviersonderend',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape Galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Barnard 1943, Skelton 2001). The Cape Galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River System in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River System on the west coast of South Africa (Waters and Cambray 1995, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Chakona et al. 2013, Waters and Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2000 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages across the CFE (Chakona et al. in preparation, Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on the Riviersonderend lineage (hereafter Galaxias sp. nov. ‘Riviersonderend’, see Chakona et al. 2013). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107626909,Galaxias sp. nov. 'slender',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'slender',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape Galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Barnard 1943, Skelton 2001). The Cape Galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River System in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River System on the west coast of South Africa (Waters and Cambray 1995, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Chakona et al. 2013, Waters and Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2000 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages across the CFE (Chakona et al. in preparation, Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on a lineage which is only known from the Uilkraals River System (hereafter Galaxias sp. ‘zebratus Slender’, see Chakona et al. 2013). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107626977,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Verlorenvlei',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Verlorenvlei',,,,,,"Africa was previously thought to be represented by a single galaxiid species, the Cape Galaxias Galaxias zebratus (Barnard 1943, Skelton 2001). The Cape Galaxias was considered to be a widespread and morphologically variable species, with a distribution range extending from the Gamtoos River system in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion (CFE) to the Verlorenvlei River system on the west coast of South Africa (Waters and Cambray 1995, Skelton 2001), making it the second most widely distributed freshwater fish species in the CFE. The use of molecular markers to assess the level of genetic diversity within Galaxias zebratus uncovered several strongly diverged lineages within this species, indicating that the diversity of galaxiid fishes in Africa had been vastly underestimated (Waters and Cambray 1997, Wishart et al. 2006, Chakona et al. 2013). Fine scale geographic surveys conducted between 2000 and 2010 generated comprehensive data that allowed more accurate mapping of the distribution ranges of G. zebratus lineages across the CFE (Chakona et al. in preparation, Chakona et al. 2013). Preliminary results from the ongoing taxonomic revision of G. zebratus indicate that many of these newly identified lineages constitute novel species (Chakona et al. in preparation). These lineages will therefore be assessed separately. This assessment is based only on the Verlorenvlei lineage (hereafter Galaxias sp. ‘Verlorenvlei’). The other lineages of the Galaxias zebratus complex are excluded from this assessment." 107628552,Marcusenius caudisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,caudisquamatus,,,,,"Maake, Gon & Swartz, 2014","The taxonomic status of Southern Africa bulldogs was reviewed by Maake et al. (2014) and several new species were described. Marcusenius caudisquamatus was described for the southern most population known for mormyrids in Africa, from the Nseleni and Mhlatuze river systems in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa." 107628669,Marcusenius krameri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,krameri,,,,,"Maake, Gon & Swartz, 2014","The taxonomic status of southern Africa bulldogs was reviewed by Maake et al. (2014). Here they described three species of Marcusenius that occur in South Africa, Marcusenius krameri endemic to the Limpopo River System as a new species, M. caudisquamatus from the southernmost Nseleni and Mhlatuze river systems and re-described M. pongolensis as widespread throughout the Incomati, Pongola and Kosi river systems, and sparsely represented in the Limpopo River System. They also described specimens from the Ruvuma, in southern Mozambique, as M. lucombesi." 107645685,Plagyrona angusta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Plagyrona,angusta,,,,,"D.T. Holyoak & G.A. Holyoak, 2012", 107654052,Pseudobarbus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,afer,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)","Pseudobarbus afer was previously considered to be the most widely distributed Redfin species in the Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa, with a distribution range spanning across more than 28 isolated river systems from the Sundays near Port Elizabeth to the Klein Braak which discharges into Mossel Bay (Skelton 1988). A genetic study by Swartz et al. (2007, 2009) revealed four deeply divergent taxonomic units: (i) the Mandela lineage (restricted to the Baakens, Swartkops and Sundays), (ii) the St Francis lineage (confined to the Gamtoos and adjacent river systems), (iii) the Krom lineage (endemic to the Krom River system), and, (iv) the Forest lineage (widely distributed from the Tsitsikamma to the Klein Brak River System). A subsequent comprehensive taxonomic review of P. afer  by Chakona & Skelton (2017) led to the resurrection of P. senticeps from synonymy with P. afer,  a description of a new species P. swartzi (St Francis lineage) and provision of new diagnosis for P. afer sensu stricto (Mandela lineage). Pseudobarbus afer is thus now confined to three river systems (Baakens, Swartkops and Sundays) that discharge into Nelson Mandela Bay (also known as Algoa Bay) (Chakona and Skelton 2017)." 107649522,Pseudobarbus phlegethon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,phlegethon,,,,,"(Barnard, 1938)","The Fiery Redfin (Psuedobarbus phlegethon) is a small cyprinid endemic to the Olifants-Doring River System (ODRS) of South Africa (Skelton 2001).  It occurs as two distinct taxa based on genetic differences noted by Swartz et al. (2004). These taxa are P. phlegethon (this assessment) which only occurs in tributaries in the Olifants River, and Pseudobarbus sp. nov. ""Doring"", which occurs in two tributaries of the Doring system. This species can be distinguished from the Doring lineage with allozyme loci and it does not share mitochondrial DNA alleles (Swartz et al. 2004). In addition there are consistent colour pattern differences as reported by Swartz et al. 2005. The Doring river lineage is awaiting formal description and is excluded from this assessment." 107654054,Tenuidactylus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tenuidactylus,microlepis,,,,,"(Lantz, 1918)","Bauer et al. (2013) found Cyrtopodion to be non-monophyletic, and resurrected the name Tenuidactylus for the clade including T. longipes. These authors explicitly rejected the subspecific status for T. voraginosus suggested by Ščerbak and Golubev 1986 [1996] and followed by subsequent authors (e.g. Ananjeva et al. 2006, Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). This account follows Bauer et al. (2013) in treating T. voraginosus as a full species. T. microlepis, typically treated as a subspecies, has a similar genetic distance to T. voraginosusand is treated as a full species by Nazarov and Poyarkov (2013). This scheme is followed here." 107654821,Marcusenius pongolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,pongolensis,,,,,(Fowler 1934),"The taxonomic status of southern Africa bulldogs was reviewed by Maake et al. (2014). In here they described three species of Marcusenius that occur in South Africa, Marcusenius krameri endemic to the Limpopo River system, M. caudisquamatus from the southernmost Nseleni and Mhlatuze river systems and re-described M. pongolensis as widespread throughout the Incomati, Pongola and Kosi river systems, and sparsely represented in the Limpopo River system. They also described specimens from the Ruvuma, in southern Mozambique, as M. lucombesi. In a follow up study of the analyses of the electric organ discharges, Kramer et al. (accepted 2016) indicated that M. pongolensis specimens from different locations showed a high degree of variability among each other. It is likely that M. pongolensis is a complex species and more species could be split." 107655762,Darevskia kopetdaghica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,kopetdaghica,,,,,"Ahmadzadeh, Flecks, Carretero, Mozaffari, Böhme, Harris, Freitas & Rödder, 2013",Anderson (1999) suggested that the population from Mazanderan in the valley of the Rud-e Atrak of the Kopet Dagh may prove to be a distinct taxon. This form has subsequently been described as the new species Darevskia kopetdaghica by Ahmadzadeh et al. (2013). 107660333,Phrynocephalus erythrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,erythrurus,,,,,"Zugmayer, 1909", 107660605,Phrynocephalus incertus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,incertus,,,,,"Bedriaga in Nikolsky, 1905","Phrynocephalus kuschakewitschi was elevated from subspecific status within the eastern population of the P. guttatus complex by Dunayev (2009). Melville et al. (2009) reached the same conclusion based on molecular data, recommending that both P. g. kuschakewitschi and its sister taxon P. g. incerta (=P. incertus) be elevated to specific status. On genetic grounds Solovyeva et al. (2014) upheld the distinctiveness of the two taxa, while noting that P. kuschakewitschi and P. incertus are closely-related and difficult to distinguish morphologically. As such the precise distributional limits between the two species - which here follow the concepts applied by Solovyeva et al. (2014) - may require further clarification." 107661846,Marcusenius sp. nov. kosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,sp. nov. kosi,,,,,,"The taxonomic status of southern Africa bulldogs was reviewed by Maake et al. (2014) and several new species have been described. Maake et al. (2014) indicated variation of the Kosi population and that it could represent a new species, pending further investigation. In a follow up study of the analyses of the electric organ discharges, Kramer et al. (2016) indicated that Marcusenius pongolensis specimens from different locations (including Kosi Lake) showed a high degree of variability between each other. It is likely that M. pongolensis is a species complex and more species could be split. Recommendations includes in-depth study to describe the Kosi population as a new species (voucher specimen to be selected from specimens held by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))." 107662143,Pseudobarbus senticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,senticeps,,,,,"(Smith, 1936)","Pseudobarbus senticeps was described by Smith (1936) as Barbus senticeps based on specimens that were collected from the Krom River System in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. Jubb (1965) subsequently placed P. senticeps into synonymy with Pseudobarbus afer (Peters 1864), a decision that was accepted by subsequent authors (Skelton, 1988, 2001; Cambray 1994). Most recently, Chakona and Skelton (submitted) resurrected P. senticeps from synonymy with P. afer based on evidence of substantial genetic divergence of the Krom lineage from other lineages within P. afer (Swartz et al. 2007, 2009) and careful examination of morphometric and meristic data. In this revision, Chakona and Skelton (submitted) provided a new diagnosis for P. afer sensu stricto and described a new species, Pseudobarbus swartzi. These three species which were previously included under one widespread species (P. afer sensu lato) are allopatrically distributed. Pseudobarbus senticeps is a narrow range endemic species which is restricted to the Krom River system, P. afer occurs in the Baakens, Swartkops and Sundays River systems, while P. swartzi occurs in the Gamtoos and adjacent river systems (Chakona and Skelton submitted)." 107727878,Markia bolivarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Markia,bolivarensis,,,,,"Cadena-Castañeda, 2013", 107728371,Mortoniellus macrognathus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Mortoniellus,macrognathus,,,,,"Ingrisch, 1995", 107821062,Scybalocanthon arcabuquensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Scybalocanthon,arcabuquensis,,,,,"Molano & Medina, 2010", 89250666,Hyperolius papyri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,papyri,,,,,"(Werner, 1908)","This species was previously synonymized under Hyperolius viridiflavus. However, Dehling (2015) showed that H. papyri is in fact a member of the H. nasutus group and its synonym pachydermus was wrongly associated with H. viridiflavus (as subspecies pachydermus) by Laurent." 107882713,Platyla ceraunorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,ceraunorum,,,,,"A. Reischütz, N. Steiner-Reischütz & P. Reischütz, 2016", 107883580,Argna szekeresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Argna,szekeresi,,,,,"A. Reischütz, N. Steiner-Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2016", 107884077,Agardhiella mista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGARDHIELLIDAE,Agardhiella,mista,,,,,"A. Reischütz, N. Steiner-Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2016", 107884970,Tsoukatosia argolica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,argolica,,,,,"A. Reischütz, P. Reischütz & Szekeres, 2016", 107885233,Tsoukatosia pallgergelyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,pallgergelyi,,,,,"A. Reischütz, P. Reischütz & Szekeres, 2016", 107885596,Tsoukatosia nicoleae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,nicoleae,,,,,"A. Reischütz, P. Reischütz & Szekeres, 2016", 107885764,Balcanodiscus mirus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Balcanodiscus,mirus,,,,,"A. Reischütz, N. Steiner-Reischütz & P. Reischütz, 2016", 107885952,Cattania ista,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Cattania,ista,,,,,"A. Reischütz, N. Steiner-Reischütz & P. Reischütz, 2016", 47709836,Antaxius pedestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Antaxius,pedestris,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 107662050,Pseudobarbus swartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,swartzi,,,,,"Chakona & Skelton, 2017","For a long time, the Eastern Cape Redfin Pseudobarbus afer was considered to be the most widely distributed redfin species in the Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa, with a distribution range spanning across more than 28 isolated river systems from the Sundays near Port Elizabeth to the Klein Braak which discharges into Mossel Bay (Skelton, 1988). A genetic study by Swartz et al (2007, 2009) revealed four deeply divergent taxonomic units: (i) the Mandela lineage (restricted to the Baakens, Swartkops and Sundays), (ii) the St Francis lineage (confined to the Gamtoos and adjacent river systems), (iii) the Krom lineage (endemic to the Krom River system), and, (iv) the Forest lineage (widely distributed from the Tsitsikamma to the Klein Brak River system). Recently, Chakona and Skelton (2017) demonstrated that the Mandela, Krom and St Francis (Gamtoos) lineages can be separated based on scale counts, length of oral barbels and consistent differences in body colour pattern, supporting their status as distinct species. These authors described the St Francis lineage as a new species P. swartzi, resurrected P. senticeps (Smith, 1936) as a valid species (the Krom lineage), and re-described P. afer sensu stricto (Peters, 1864) (Mandela lineage). The Forest lineage is closely related to P. phlegethon from the Olifants River system on the west coast of South Africa, suggesting that it does not belong to P. afer sensu lato (Swartz et al. 2007, 2009; Chakona and Skelton 2017). The taxonomic status of the Forest lineage will be addressed in a further study that will incorporate the more closely related P. phlegethon. Here we assess Pseudobarbus swartzi." 53796951,Amphilius uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,uranoscopus,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1889)","Amphilius uranoscopus was described from the Wami River basin in eastern Tanzania and was previously considered to be a widespread and extremely variable species (Skelton 2001). However, a recent taxonomic revision of this species in Kenya and Tanzania resulted in the resurrection of two species, A. grandis and A. krefftii, which were both previously considered to be synonyms of A. uranoscopus, as well as the description of a new species, A. athiensis (Thomson & Page 2010). Occurrence of three distinct species in such a small geographic area which represents only a very small portion of A. uranoscopus’ distribution raises the possibility that this complex may contain many undescribed species across its current wide geographic range in southern Africa, and that none of these actually are A. uranoscopus. For the IUCN Red List, the name A. uranoscopus will be retained for the southern African populations pending results from the ongoing taxonomic investigation of this complex (Chakona et al. in prep)." 107967559,Nicephora subulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Nicephora,subulata,,,,,"Bolívar, 1900", 107968613,Phlugiolopsis minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Phlugiolopsis,minuta,,,,,"(Tinkham, 1943)", 107969344,Ruspolia flavovirens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ruspolia,flavovirens,,,,,"(Karny, 1907)","The genus Ruspolia is in need of taxonomic revision. Ruspolia flavovirens has been described based upon a female, while it is likely that the male song is the best character to distinguish species of the genus. Genetic analyses of the genus are also lacking. Currently, it is likely that the species will become a nomina dubia unless the type specimen is sequenced and matched with males and their song recordings (P. Naskrecki, pers. comm. 2018)." 107969769,Scopioricus sutorius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Scopioricus,sutorius,,,,,"(Stål, 1873)", 107970508,Squamiana squamiptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Squamiana,squamiptera,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1912)", 107971685,Stictophaula coco,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Stictophaula,coco,,,,," Gorochov & Voltshenkova, 2009", 107972189,Torbia costulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Torbia,costulata,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)","The genus Torbia is in need of revision. It needs to be clarified whether T. costulata represents a synonym of another species or a good species (D. Rentz, pers. comm. 2018)." 107972312,Xizicus spinocercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Xizicus,spinocercus,,,,,"Jiao & Shi, 2013", 107977008,Acrida tjiamuica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrida,tjiamuica,,,,,"Steinmann, 1963",The genus Acrida is in need of taxonomic revision. 107977150,Afrotettix fursti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Afrotettix,fursti,,,,,"Brown, 1970", 107977251,Alulacroides micronacrolius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Alulacroides,micronacrolius,,,,,"Zheng, Dong & Xu, 2010", 107977422,Anaulacomera angustipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Anaulacomera,angustipennis,,,,,"Saussure & Pictet, 1897", 107977975,Hapithus gratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Hapithus,gratus,,,,,"(Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009)", 107978110,Aphonomorphus dilutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Aphonomorphus,dilutus,,,,,"Gorochov, 2010", 107978137,Arachnocephalus nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MOGOPLISTIDAE,Arachnocephalus,nigrifrons,,,,,"Chopard, 1917", 107978258,Asiophlugis temasek,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Asiophlugis,temasek,,,,,"Gorochov & Tan, 2011", 107978324,Austroicetes vulgaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Austroicetes,vulgaris,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1932)", 107978482,Biroella tardigrada,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MORABIDAE,Biroella,tardigrada,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1920", 107978633,Brasilodontus mucuriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Brasilodontus,mucuriensis,,,,,"de Mello, 1992", 107979018,Caryanda quadrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Caryanda,quadrata,,,,,"Bi & Xia, 1984", 107979581,Cercoceracris nitidula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Cercoceracris,nitidula,,,,,"Descamps, 1976", 107980084,Chiriquia spinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Chiriquia,spinata,,,,,"Günther, 1939", 107980466,Chorthippus darvazicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Chorthippus,darvazicus,,,,,"Mistshenko, 1951", 107980595,Circocephalus maculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Circocephalus,maculatus,,,,,"Zheng, 1985", 107981315,Conozoa texana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Conozoa,texana,,,,,"Bruner, 1889", 107981724,Coryphosima stenoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Coryphosima,stenoptera,,,,,"(Schaum, 1853)", 107981898,Criotettix triangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Criotettix,triangularis,,,,,"Zheng, 2008",The genus Criotettix is in need of taxonomic revision. 107982741,Tachycines rammei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Tachycines,rammei,,,,,"Karny, 1926", 107983303,Docidocercus pehlkei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Docidocercus,pehlkei,,,,,"Beier, 1960", 107983389,Dysonia alipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Dysonia,alipes,,,,,"(Westwood, 1844)", 107983427,Elimaea abramovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Elimaea,abramovi,,,,,"Gorochov, 2009", 107983536,Eneoptera panoplos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Eneoptera,panoplos,,,,,"Otte, 2006",According to Robillard and Desutter-Grandcolas (2013) this species does probably belong in another genus. 107983596,Eremidium erectus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Eremidium,erectus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 63387,Enteromius sp. nov. 'waterberg',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,sp. nov. 'waterberg',,,,,,"Genetically and morphologically distinct from the southern Barbus brevipinnis (voucher specimen held by the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)). Geographically isolated in tributaries of the Waterberg Mountains in North-West Province. Taxonomic status of additional populations in North-West and Limpopo Provinces need to be verified. It must be noted that Enteromius ‘waterbergensis’ formerly belonged to the genus Barbus (Yang et al. 2015, Skelton 2016). This taxon was originally viewed as one of several isolated subpopulations of Enteromius brevipinnus. Engelbrecht (1996) has shown genetic differences between some of these subpopulations and a broader phylogeographic study is needed to revise the taxonomy of this group. Records from the North West Province (Groot Marico), Mpumalanga and Swaziland currently attributed to Enteromius brevipinnus are regarded as distinct taxa and are not considered in this assessment." 107628346,Pseudobarbus verloreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,verloreni,,,,,"Chakona, Swartz & Skelton, 2014","Redfin minnows from the Verlorenvlei River System on the west coast of South Africa were previously included within the Berg River Redfin Pseudobarbus burgi (Barnard 1943, Skelton 1988). The historical distribution of P. burgi sensu lato included the Langvlei, Verlorenvlei, Berg and Eerste River systems (Skelton 1988). A DNA based study (mitochondrial control region) by Bloomer and Impson (2000) revealed substantial genetic differentiation between redfins from the Berg and Verlorenvlei River systems, indicating existence of cryptic diversity within P. burgi. The differentiation between the Berg and Verlorenvlei lineages of P. burgi was confirmed by Swartz et al. (2009) and Chakona and Swartz (2013) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Chakona et al. (2014) subsequently described the Verlorenvlei River Redfin as a distinct species, Pseudobarbus verloreni, and identified consistent morphological characters to separate this new species from P. burgi." 109192571,Eucopiocera rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eucopiocera,rubripes,,,,,"Bruner, 1908", 68378608,Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Eumodicogryllus,bordigalensis,,,,,"(Latreille, 1804)", 109193224,Eurotettix brevicerci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Eurotettix,brevicerci,,,,,"Cigliano, 2007", 109193285,Euscyrtus bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Euscyrtus,bolivari,,,,,"Chopard, 1969", 109193972,Formosatettixoides wuyishanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Formosatettixoides,wuyishanensis,,,,,"(Zheng & Liang, 1993)",The genus Formosatettixoides is in need of taxonomic revision. 109194106,Glomeremus nitidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Glomeremus,nitidus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1893)", 109194292,Gryllacris barabensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Gryllacris,barabensis,,,,,"Karny, 1931", 109195087,Gryllus jallae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Gryllus,jallae,,,,,"Giglio-Tos, 1907", 109196073,Hapithus nablista,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Hapithus,nablista,,,,,"(Saussure, 1897)", 109196168,Henicothericles spectabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,THERICLEIDAE,Henicothericles,spectabilis,,,,,"Descamps, 1977", 109197421,Holochlora biloba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Holochlora,biloba,,,,,"Stål, 1874","H. mauritiana from Mauritius may represent a synonym of this species (S. Hugel, pers. comm. 2019)." 109197475,Horatosphaga elgonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Horatosphaga,elgonis,,,,,"(Chopard, 1938)", 109197814,Incertana himalayana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Incertana,himalayana,,,,,"(Ramme, 1933)", 109197888,Itara chopardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Itara,chopardi,,,,,"Gorochov, 1997", 109197932,Jivarus pictifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Jivarus,pictifrons,,,,,"Ronderos, 1979", 109198258,Microbinthus santoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Microbinthus,santoensis,,,,,"(Robillard, 2009)", 109198409,Leptoteratura jona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Leptoteratura,jona,,,,,"Yamasaki, 1987", 109198501,Liparoscella modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Liparoscella,modesta,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895)", 109198845,Mastachopardia congoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Mastachopardia,congoensis,,,,,"Descamps, 1967", 109199053,Melanoplus lemhiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Melanoplus,lemhiensis,,,,,"Hebard, 1935", 109199558,Mirhipipteryx imperfecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RIPIPTERYGIDAE,Mirhipipteryx,imperfecta,,,,,"Günther, 1989", 109199604,Modicogryllus densinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Modicogryllus,densinervis,,,,,"(Chopard, 1934)",The taxonomic status of this species needs to be studied when males become available (Otte 1985). 109199709,Munatia biolleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ROMALEIDAE,Munatia,biolleyi,,,,,"Carl, 1916", 109200062,Neonemobius variegatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Neonemobius,variegatus,,,,,"(Bruner, 1893)", 109200389,Noonacris novahibernica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PYRGOMORPHIDAE,Noonacris,novahibernica,,,,,"Kevan, 1966", 109200457,Oecanthus galpini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Oecanthus,galpini,,,,,"Toms & Otte, 1988", 109221152,Onosandridus larvatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ANOSTOSTOMATIDAE,Onosandridus,larvatus,,,,,"Karny, 1929", 109221276,Orphula gracilicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Orphula,gracilicornis,,,,,"Bruner, 1910", 109221761,Oxyprora flavicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Oxyprora,flavicornis,,,,,"Redtenbacher, 1891", 109221844,Pantecphylus kamerunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pantecphylus,kamerunus,,,,,"Schmidt, 2003", 109221910,Paranelytra bruneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Paranelytra,bruneri,,,,,"Karny, 1907","As the type specimen is lost, the taxonomic status of the species is not clear." 109221964,Paratettix asbenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Paratettix,asbenensis,,,,,"Chopard, 1950",Specimens from the Sahel differ morphologically slightly from those from the Congo. A DNA analysis is thus recommended to clarify the taxonomic status of these subpopulations (H. Devriese pers. comm. 2018). 109222162,Phaeoparia amblyceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ROMALEIDAE,Phaeoparia,amblyceps,,,,,"Hebard, 1923","Research should be undertaken to clarify the taxonomic status of the two disjunct subpopulations in Venezuela and Colombia, which differ slightly in morphology (Carbonell 2000)." 109222520,Phlugiolopsis montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Phlugiolopsis,montana,,,,,"Wang, Li & Liu, 2012", 109222542,Phytomastax robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUMASTACIDAE,Phytomastax,robusta,,,,,"(Bey-Bienko, 1936)", 109222927,Prionacris viridipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ROMALEIDAE,Prionacris,viridipennis,,,,,"Descamps, 1978", 109224192,Prorifera sagittifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MORABIDAE,Prorifera,sagittifera,,,,,"(Rehn, 1952)", 109224220,Pseudoceles persa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pseudoceles,persa,,,,,"(Saussure, 1884)", 109224517,Pseudoschulthessiella cerciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,THERICLEIDAE,Pseudoschulthessiella,cerciata,,,,,"Descamps, 1977", 109225078,Quilta oryzae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Quilta,oryzae,,,,,"Uvarov, 1925",The genus Quilta includes three species all occurring in the Indomalayan region. Q. oryzae and Q. mitrata are quite similar and have overlapping distribution areas. A taxonomic revision of Quilta would hep to clarify the exact status of both species. 109225107,Rhaphidophora invalida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE,Rhaphidophora,invalida,,,,,"Gorochov, 1999", 109225260,Ruspolia interrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ruspolia,interrupta,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 109225888,Saussurella cornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Saussurella,cornuta,,,,,"(Haan, 1843)", 109226514,Scotussa lemniscata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Scotussa,lemniscata,,,,,"(Stål, 1861)", 109227247,Sinochlora stylosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Sinochlora,stylosa,,,,,"Shi & Chang, 2004", 109228530,Sphingonotus arenarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Sphingonotus,arenarius,,,,,"(Lucas, 1849)",The status of Sphingonotus arenarius has often been debated and Defaut (2005) suggested that it may represent a subspecies of Sphingonotus azurescens. 109228653,Staleochlora arcuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ROMALEIDAE,Staleochlora,arcuata,,,,,"(Rehn, 1908)",

This species has two subspecies Staleochlora arcuata arcuata and Staleochlora arcuata iguazuensis.

109234368,Stictophaula soekarandae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Stictophaula,soekarandae,,,,,"Gorochov, 1998", 109234494,Tamdaora magnifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tamdaora,magnifica,,,,,"Gorochov, 1998", 109234753,Tegrolcinia mirotibialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tegrolcinia,mirotibialis,,,,,"Xia & Liu, 1991", 109234797,Tetrix andeanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tetrix,andeanum,,,,,"(Hebard, 1923)","This species is likely to belong to another genus (e.g. Crimisus) as the genus Tetrix is largely restricted to the Old World (J. Skejo, pers. comm. 2018)." 109235386,Tettigonia savignyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tettigonia,savignyi,,,,,"(Lucas, 1849)", 109235888,Torbia viridissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Torbia,viridissima,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)",It is not clear whether this species represents a single species or a species complex. Taxonomic research (using also molecular methods) is required to clarify this question (D. Rentz pers. comm. 2018). 109260202,Typophyllum modestum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Typophyllum,modestum,,,,,"Piza, 1976","In order to confirm its species status, a male needs to be collected and compared to those of other Typophyllum species as it might represent a synonym." 109260314,Valiatrella multiprotubera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Valiatrella,multiprotubera,,,,,"Liu & Shi, 2007", 109260736,Walkerana mira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Walkerana,mira,,,,,"(Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009)", 109260752,Xizicus laminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Xizicus,laminatus,,,,,"Shi, 2013", 107889601,Acanthagrion hildegarda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,hildegarda,,,,,"Gloger, 1967", 60578,Haplochromis nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,nigricans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Neochromis nigricans and then briefly as Coptodon nigricans. The latter was the result of an error in Eschmeyer et al. (2016) where Haplochromis nigricans was mistakenly said to be transferred to the genus Coptodon following Dunz and Schliewen (2013), when the species transferred was in fact Tilapia nigrans.

All fish named Haplochromis nigricans in HEST publications before 1998 and that were collected in the Mwanza Area appeared to be a new species, described as Neochromis ruficaudalis by Seehausen et al. (1998). Haplochromis nigricans is now only known with certainty from its type locality (Entebbe, Uganda) and only from a single specimen." 109283274,Drepanosticta penicillata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,penicillata,,,,,"van Tol, 2007","The female of D. penicillata was described from a single teneral (freshly emerged) female collected at a different site, albeit close to the site where the males were collected (van Tol 2007), at a significantly lower altitude; in these circumstances its association with the males cannot be considered to be completely definite." 109283314,Protosticta coomansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,coomansi,,,,,"van Tol, 2000", 163921,Protosticta geijskesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,geijskesi,,,,,"van Tol, 2000", 109283441,Protosticta vanderstarrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,vanderstarrei,,,,,"van Tol, 2000","

Van Tol (2000) states “Not similar to any of the other Sulawesi platystictids here assigned to Protosticta. As indicated elsewhere, the correct generic assignment of this species has to await a generic revision of the Platystictidae. The general appearance is more similar to Drepanosticta, but its structural details studied so far are too generalized to postulate another generic position than Protosticta.” 

" 109283475,Libellago celebensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,celebensis,,,,,"van Tol, 2007","

Libellago celebensis is currently considered to have four subspecies: L. c. celebensis from the western part of Central Sulawesi, L. c. anoa from the north eastern part of South Sulawesi, L. c. dorsonigra from the north eastern part of South Sulawesi, and L. c. orientalis from the extreme eastern part of South Sulawesi, eastern part of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi (van Tol 2007). Van Tol (2007) noted that “specimens collected around Lake Poso are distinctly intermediate between L. c. celebensis and L. c. orientalis. Further studies are needed to judge the status of these populations”. The same author also stated that L. c. anoa has “Superficially the same range as L. celebensis dorsonigra, but not recorded from the same sites”; this suggests that at least these two subspecies might be better treated as species distinct from each other.

" 109283671,Libellago xanthocyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,xanthocyana,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 109283685,Pseudagrion celebense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,celebense,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 109283697,Teinobasis lorquini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,lorquini,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 163914,Gynacantha nausicaa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,nausicaa,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 109283844,Gynacantha penelope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,penelope,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 109283902,Diplacina militaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,militaris,,,,,"Ris, 1909",A subspecies Diplacina militaris dumogae is recognised from the north of Sulawesi (van Tol 1987). 109283984,Diplacina sanguinolenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,sanguinolenta,,,,,"van Tol, 1987", 109284029,Diplacina torrenticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,torrenticola,,,,,"van Tol, 1987", 89250730,Hyperolius viridiflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,viridiflavus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies (Laurent 1983, Schiøtz 1971, 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Wieczorek et al. (2000, 2001). It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this superspecies are still far from settled. Members of this superspecies, which consists of a large number of forms that are distributed, generally allopatrically, throughout the tropical African savanna, have a common morphology, voice and ecology, but with widely differing dorsal patterns. Laurent (1983) concluded that the concept of one species best expressed present knowledge, and A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) agrees with this. Wieczorek et al. (2001) carried out an analysis based on mtDNA, and separated the forms that they examined into 10 species. However, they examined only 22 out of 45 recognized ""subspecies"". The following distinct forms were not treated in the analysis by Wieczorek et al. (2001) and therefore cannot be allocated to any of their 10 species: spatzi, pallidus, pachydermus, destefanii, variabilis, coerulescens, karissimbiensis, francoisi, sheldricki, rubripes, mwanzae, reesi, bitaeniatus, rhodoscelis, nyassae, taeniatus, insignis, alborufus, epheboides, aposematicus and broadleyi. An un-named form from Marsabit in northern Kenya also cannot be allocated within the Wieczorek et al. (2001) arrangement of species. The arrangement currently followed by the Global Amphibian Assessment is provisional, pending a more complete analysis of the relationships within the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies. A. Schiøtz (pers. comm.) considers that it would have been preferable for the Global Amphibian Assessment to treat the Hyperolius viridiflavus superspecies as a single species, because under this arrangement, all the described forms are covered unambiguously. Pickersgill (2007) treated mwanzae, variabilis and bayoni as separate species, but we follow Frost (2007) in including them under H. viridiflavus. 
The name Hyperolius viridiflavus pachydermus was wrongly associated with H. viridiflavus (as a subspecies pachydermus) by Laurent (M. Dehling pers. comm. April 2017)." 109192069,Enteromius sp. nov. 'south africa',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,sp. nov. 'south africa',,,,,,"Similar to Barbus neefi Greenwod, 1962 which was described from the Kabompo River in northern Zambia. Populations of the southern B. cf. neefi occur in headwater streams of the Limpopo south to the Phongolo Rivers and south-west into the Vaal River in South Africa and Swaziland. The taxonomic status of the southern B. cf. neefi needs to be determined but it is likely they are an undescribed species. It must be noted that Barbus neefi formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015), the genus Enteromius now includes this species (Skelton 2016). The current assessment is based only in the southern B. neefi and is hence forth referred to as Enteromuis sp. nov 'south africa'." 109421254,Pseudobarbus sp. nov. 'keiskamma',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pseudobarbus,sp. nov. 'keiskamma',,,,,,"Most recently, Yang et al. (2015) proposed that the genus Pseudobarbus should be expanded to include all tetraploid cyprinines from southern Africa. This suggestion has been accepted pending a critical evaluation of the generic status of these additional tetraploid species (Skelton 2016). Barbus trevelyani is one of the species that has been transferred to the genus Pseudobarbus (Skelton 2016). Pseudobarbus trevelyani was described from the Buffalo River system, with its distribution extending into the neighbouring Keiskamma River system. However, Ellender (2013) uncovered species level genetic divergences between the Buffalo population (Pseudobarbus trevelyani sensu stricto) and the Keiskamma population (hereafter Pseudobarbus sp. nov. 'Keiskamma'). These two lineages will thus be assessed separately." 109451364,Ctenophorus graafi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,graafi,,,,,"(Storr, 1967)","This taxon, long considered a subspecies of Ctenophorus caudicintus, was elevated by Melville et al. (2016)." 109451599,Ctenophorus infans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,infans,,,,,"(Storr, 1967)", 109451632,Ctenophorus slateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ctenophorus,slateri,,,,,"(Storr, 1967)","Ctenophorus slateri was formerly a subspecies of C. caudicinctus, but was elevated to the species level by Melville et al. (2016)." 109451703,Crenadactylus horni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Crenadactylus,horni,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1895)", 109451759,Crenadactylus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Crenadactylus,occidentalis,,,,,"Doughty, Ellis & Oliver, 2016", 109451787,Crenadactylus naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Crenadactylus,naso,,,,,"Storr, 1978",Oliver et al. (2010) showed that there was deep mitochondrial diversity in this species as it is currently defined. Many of these lineages have very small ranges. 109451825,Crenadactylus pilbarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Crenadactylus,pilbarensis,,,,,"Doughty, Ellis & Oliver, 2016", 109451840,Crenadactylus rostralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Crenadactylus,rostralis,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 109451861,Crenadactylus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Crenadactylus,tuberculatus,,,,,"Doughty, Ellis & Oliver, 2016", 109451881,Oedura luritja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,luritja,,,,,"Oliver & McDonald, 2016", 109452106,Concinnia amplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,amplus,,,,,"(Covacevich & Mcdonald, 1980)", 109452166,Concinnia brachysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,brachysoma,,,,,"(Lönnberg & Andersson, 1915)", 109452204,Concinnia frerei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,frerei,,,,,"(Greer, 1992)", 109452223,Concinnia martini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,martini,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 109452257,Concinnia queenslandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,queenslandiae,,,,,"(De Vis, 1890)","Cogger (2014) treats it under Gnypetoscincus, however, genetics place it in Concinnia; but genetics of this overall group are not well-resolved (G. Shea pers.comm.)." 109452283,Concinnia tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,tenuis,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 109452375,Concinnia tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Concinnia,tigrinus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1888)", 109452429,Cryptoblepharus adamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,adamsi,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109452611,Cryptoblepharus aldabrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,aldabrae,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1918)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean populations of Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region (e.g. Blom et al. 2019, Augros and Hawlitschek 2019).

The assessments for this group of skinks nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Unfortunately this author, who did not conduct a molecular study of Indian Ocean taxa, neglected to address an earlier recommendation by Rocha et al. (2006) that ""Molecular data on these taxa [C. b. aldabrae, C. b. gloriosus and C. b. bitaeniatus] are crucial for any further assessment of their taxonomic status"".

Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but these authors do not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 109452702,Cryptoblepharus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,australis,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1918)", 109452786,Cryptoblepharus bitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,bitaeniatus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region (e.g. Blom et al. 2019, Augros and Hawlitschek 2019).

The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Prior to the Horner revision, specific status was previously proposed for the Madagascan C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi and supported by significant morphological differences (Andreone and Greer 2002), but this has not been widely adopted within the region and the taxonomy of these forms remains among the most controversial in the genus.

Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 109452830,Cryptoblepharus buchananii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,buchananii,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 109452875,Cryptoblepharus caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,caudatus,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1918)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region (e.g. Blom et al. 2019, Augros and Hawlitschek 2019).

The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Prior to the Horner revision, specific status was previously proposed for the Madagascan C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi and supported by significant morphological differences (Andreone and Greer 2002), but this has not been widely adopted within the region and the taxonomy of these forms remains among the most controversial in the genus.


Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 109454783,Cryptoblepharus cognatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,cognatus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region..


The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Prior to the Horner revision, specific status was previously proposed for the Madagascan C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi and supported by significant morphological differences (Andreone and Greer 2002), but this has not been widely adopted within the region and the taxonomy of these forms remains among the most controversial in the genus..

 
Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 109454837,Cryptoblepharus cygnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,cygnatus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109454852,Cryptoblepharus daedalos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,daedalos,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109454896,Cryptoblepharus exochus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,exochus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109455353,Surudia loboptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Surudia,loboptera,,,,,"Uvarov, 1930", 109462396,Cryptoblepharus fuhni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,fuhni,,,,,"Covacevich & Ingram, 1978", 109462434,Cryptoblepharus gurrmul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,gurrmul,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109462460,Cryptoblepharus juno,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,juno,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109462486,Cryptoblepharus megastictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,megastictus,,,,,"Storr, 1976", 109462507,Cryptoblepharus metallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,metallicus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 109462499,Cryptoblepharus mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,mertensi,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109462532,Cryptoblepharus ochrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,ochrus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109462545,Cryptoblepharus pannosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,pannosus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109462556,Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,plagiocephalus,,,,,"(Cocteau, 1836)", 109462586,Cryptoblepharus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,pulcher,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1918)", 109462672,Cryptoblepharus quinquetaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,quinquetaeniatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms (including the Comoran C. b. ater and C. b. mohelicus – F. Glaw pers. comm. June 2011) suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region (e.g. Blom et al. 2019, Augros and Hawlitschek 2019).

The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Prior to the Horner revision, specific status was previously proposed for the Madagascan C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi and supported by significant morphological differences (Andreone and Greer 2002), but this has not been widely adopted within the region and the taxonomy of these forms remains among the most controversial in the genus.

Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 109462733,Cryptoblepharus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,ruber,,,,,"Börner & Schüttler, 1981", 109462760,Cryptoblepharus schlegelianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,schlegelianus,,,,,"Mertens, 1928", 109462788,Cryptoblepharus tytthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,tytthos,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109462814,Cryptoblepharus ustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,ustulatus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109462827,Cryptoblepharus voeltzkowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,voeltzkowi,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1918)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms  suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region.

The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Prior to the Horner revision, specific status was previously proposed for the Madagascan C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi and supported by significant morphological differences (Andreone and Greer 2002), but this has not been widely adopted within the region and the taxonomy of these forms remains among the most controversial in the genus.

Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 109462861,Ctenotus agrestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,agrestis,,,,,"Wilson & Couper, 1995", 109462872,Ctenotus alacer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,alacer,,,,,"Storr, 1970", 109462885,Ctenotus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,alleni,,,,,"Storr, 1974", 109462898,Ctenotus angusticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,angusticeps,,,,,"Storr, 1988", 109462928,Ctenotus arcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,arcanus,,,,,"Czechura & Wombey, 1982", 109462941,Ctenotus ariadnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,ariadnae,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109462954,Ctenotus arnhemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,arnhemensis,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 109462967,Ctenotus astarte,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,astarte,,,,,"Czechura, 1986", 109462983,Ctenotus atlas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,atlas,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109463022,Ctenotus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,australis,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 109463039,Ctenotus borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,borealis,,,,,"Horner & King, 1985","In a wide-ranging genetic review of species boundaries in Ctenotus, Rabosky et al. (2014) proposed synonymizing C. borealis within their concept of C. robustus, as these authors could find no genetic differences between these taxa and they describe the morphological differences as ""subtle"" and ""highly-overlapping"". These authors acknowledge their very limited sampling of C. borealis (sequences from three specimens) and do not examine the primary morphological characters used to distinguish these taxa (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). On this basis, and given continuing taxonomic issues within C. robustus, this account retains C. borealis as a valid species." 109463052,Ctenotus brachyonyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,brachyonyx,,,,,"Storr, 1971","A recent genetic study by Rabosky et al. (2014) found Ctenotus robustus, formerly understood to be a wide-ranging Australian and New Guinean species, to be a polyphyletic species consisting of at least two major clades in Australia (genetic studies of New Guinean and Cape York populations have not been undertaken - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Accordingly, Rabosky et al. (2014) synonymized eastern populations within C. spaldingi and applied the name C. robustus to a clade containing Northern Territory and Western Australian populations.

While this treatment resolved paraphyly within C. robustus, both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues remain, as the resulting concepts of C. spaldingli and C. robustus cannot be distinguished morphologically (Rabosky et al. 2014 did not fully redescribe either species, and their comparative diagnosis provided no distinguishing characters other than a slight difference in size) . Additionally, in view of uncertainty over the provenance of the C. robustus holotype (Rabosky et al. 2014), it is uncertain to which clade the name C. robustus properly belongs (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017).

In order to retain taxonomic stability pending resolution of these issues, this account adopts a traditional concept of C. robustus as a widespread Australian species following Cogger (2014), while noting that at least two species are likely to be included under this name." 109463075,Ctenotus brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,brevipes,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 109463090,Ctenotus brooksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,brooksi,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1933)", 109463107,Ctenotus calurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,calurus,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109463120,Ctenotus capricorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,capricorni,,,,,"Storr, 1981","Two specimens from 17 km west of Windorah have been identified as Ctenotus capricorni, although this is some way outside the species' core range. A. Amey (pers. comm. reported in Venz 2011) reports that there are ""indications (besides geographical) that this further-flung material is not conspecific with C. capricorni sensu stricto"" and that the taxonomy of C. capricorni as presently understood is in need of revision. Re-examination of these southwestern specimens confirms that there are ""some differences"" between these are C. capricorni from the main part of the species' range (P. Couper and A. Amey pers. comm. 2017), and they are not considered in this account pending further research." 109463133,Ctenotus catenifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,catenifer,,,,,"Storr, 1974","This species appears to exhibit no genetic differentiation from Ctenotus delli based on preliminary genetic work (S, Keogh unpubl. data); the latter species' distribution is entirely encompassed within the range of C. catenifer as presently understood, although the northern (Bajingarrah) population of C. catenifer is in need of research to clarify its status. The two taxa are ecologically distinct, but the differences could simply represent ecological adaptation to woodland habitats by C. delli." 109463146,Ctenotus coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,coggeri,,,,,"Sadlier, 1985", 109463159,Ctenotus colletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,colletti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 109463250,Ctenotus decaneurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,decaneurus,,,,,"Storr, 1970", 109463263,Ctenotus delli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,delli,,,,,"Storr, 1974","This species appears to exhibit no genetic differentiation from Ctenotus delli based on preliminary genetic work (S, Keogh unpubl. data); the latter species' distribution is entirely encompassed within the range of C. catenifer as presently understood, although the northern (Bajingarrah) population of C. catenifer is in need of research to clarify its status. The two taxa are ecologically distinct, but the differences could simply represent ecological adaptation to woodland habitats by C. delli." 109463276,Ctenotus duricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,duricola,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 109463289,Ctenotus dux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,dux,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109463302,Ctenotus ehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,ehmanni,,,,,"Storr, 1985", 109463315,Ctenotus essingtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,essingtonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 109463332,Ctenotus euclae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,euclae,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109463349,Ctenotus eurydice,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,eurydice,,,,,"Czechura & Wombey, 1982","The validity of this species is uncertain, as purported diagnostic characters are inconsistent or subjective (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Animals referred to this species may represent large individuals of Ctenotus taeniolatus (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 109463362,Ctenotus eutaenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,eutaenius,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 109463375,Ctenotus fallens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,fallens,,,,,"Storr, 1974","A recent genetic study by Rabosky et al. (2014) found Ctenotus robustus, formerly understood to be a wide-ranging Australian and New Guinean species, to be a polyphyletic species consisting of at least two major clades in Australia (genetic studies of New Guinean and Cape York populations have not been undertaken - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Accordingly, Rabosky et al. (2014) synonymized eastern populations within C. spaldingi and applied the name C. robustus to a clade containing Northern Territory and Western Australian populations.

While this treatment resolved paraphyly within C. robustus, both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues remain, as the resulting concepts of C. spaldingli and C. robustus cannot be distinguished morphologically (Rabosky et al. 2014 did not fully redescribe either species, and their comparative diagnosis provided no distinguishing characters other than a slight difference in size) . Additionally, in view of uncertainty over the provenance of the C. robustus holotype (Rabosky et al. 2014), it is uncertain to which clade the name C. robustus properly belongs (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017).

In order to retain taxonomic stability pending resolution of these issues, this account adopts a traditional concept of C. robustus as a widespread Australian species following Cogger (2014), while noting that at least two species are likely to be included under this name." 109463409,Ctenotus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,grandis,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109463422,Ctenotus greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,greeri,,,,,"Storr, 1979", 109463435,Ctenotus halysis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,halysis,,,,,"Horner, 2009", 109463448,Ctenotus hanloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,hanloni,,,,,"Storr, 1980", 109463461,Ctenotus hebetior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,hebetior,,,,,"Storr, 1978","Taxonomic boundaries both between this species and related taxa, and between the two recognized subspecies, are not well-resolved (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 109463474,Ctenotus hilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,hilli,,,,,"Storr, 1970", 109463487,Ctenotus iapetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,iapetus,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 109463507,Ctenotus impar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,impar,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109463598,Ctenotus ingrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,ingrami,,,,,"Czechura & Wombey, 1982", 109463611,Ctenotus joanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,joanae,,,,,"Storr, 1970", 109463625,Ctenotus kurnbudj,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,kurnbudj,,,,,"Sadlier, Wombey & Braithwaite, 1986", 109463639,Ctenotus labillardieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,labillardieri,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)",Multiple clades have been identified within Ctenotus labillardieri. 109463667,Ctenotus lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,lateralis,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 109463680,Ctenotus leae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,leae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 109463697,Ctenotus maryani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,maryani,,,,,"Aplin & Adams, 1998", 109463708,Ctenotus mastigura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,mastigura,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 109463733,Ctenotus mesotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,mesotes,,,,,"Horner, 2009", 109463752,Ctenotus militaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,militaris,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 109463766,Ctenotus mimetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,mimetes,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109463785,Ctenotus monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,monticola,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 109463798,Ctenotus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,nasutus,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109463833,Ctenotus nigrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,nigrilineatus,,,,,"Storr, 1990", 109463852,Ctenotus nullum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,nullum,,,,,"Ingram & Czechura, 1990", 109463866,Ctenotus olympicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,olympicus,,,,,"Hutchinson & Donellan, 1999", 109463880,Ctenotus ora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,ora,,,,,"Kay & Keogh, 2012", 109463891,Ctenotus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,orientalis,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109463909,Ctenotus pallescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,pallescens,,,,,"Storr, 1970", 109464022,Ctenotus pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,pantherinus,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)", 109464050,Ctenotus piankai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,piankai,,,,,"Storr, 1969",This is a species complex of perhaps two species under current revision (P. Doughty pers. comm. 2017). 109464069,Ctenotus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,pulchellus,,,,,"Storr, 1978","Taxonomic boundaries between this species and Ctenotus militaris are poorly-defined, and there are likely to be multiple species within C. pulchellus as presently understood (G. Shea pers. comm.)." 109464089,Ctenotus quattuordecimlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,quattuordecimlineatus,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1919)", 109464143,Ctenotus quinkan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,quinkan,,,,,"Ingram, 1979", 109464185,Ctenotus quirinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,quirinus,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 109464202,Ctenotus rawlinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,rawlinsoni,,,,,"Ingram, 1979", 109464279,Ctenotus regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,regius,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109464465,Ctenotus rosarium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,rosarium,,,,,"Couper, Amey & Kutt, 2002", 109464476,Ctenotus rubicundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,rubicundus,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 109464501,Ctenotus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,rufescens,,,,,"Storr, 1979", 109464518,Ctenotus rutilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,rutilans,,,,,"Storr, 1980", 109464537,Ctenotus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,saxatilis,,,,,"Storr, 1970","The taxonomic status of central and southern Australian populations allocated to this species require additional review (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). A recent genetic study by Rabosky et al. (2014) found Ctenotus robustus, formerly understood to be a wide-ranging Australian and New Guinean species, to be a polyphyletic species consisting of at least two major clades in Australia (genetic studies of New Guinean and Cape York populations have not been undertaken - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Accordingly, Rabosky et al. (2014) synonymized eastern populations within C. spaldingi and applied the name C. robustus to a clade containing Northern Territory and Western Australian populations.

While this treatment resolved paraphyly within C. robustus, both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues remain, as the resulting concepts of C. spaldingli and C. robustus cannot be distinguished morphologically (Rabosky et al. 2014 did not fully redescribe either species, and their comparative diagnosis provided no distinguishing characters other than a slight difference in size) . Additionally, in view of uncertainty over the provenance of the C. robustus holotype (Rabosky et al. 2014), it is uncertain to which clade the name C. robustus properly belongs (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017).

In order to retain taxonomic stability pending resolution of these issues, this account adopts a traditional concept of C. robustus as a widespread Australian species following Cogger (2014), while noting that at least two species are likely to be included under this name." 109464548,Ctenotus schevilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,schevilli,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1933)", 109464571,Ctenotus schomburgkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,schomburgkii,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 109464588,Ctenotus septenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,septenarius,,,,,"King, Horner & Fyfe, 1988", 109464601,Ctenotus serotinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,serotinus,,,,,"Czechura, 1986", 109464614,Ctenotus serventyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,serventyi,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 109464627,Ctenotus severus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,severus,,,,,"Storr, 1969","A recent genetic study by Rabosky et al. (2014) found Ctenotus robustus, formerly understood to be a wide-ranging Australian and New Guinean species, to be a polyphyletic species consisting of at least two major clades in Australia (genetic studies of New Guinean and Cape York populations have not been undertaken - G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). Accordingly, Rabosky et al. (2014) synonymized eastern populations within C. spaldingi and applied the name C. robustus to a clade containing Northern Territory and Western Australian populations.

While this treatment resolved paraphyly within C. robustus, both taxonomic and nomenclatural issues remain, as the resulting concepts of C. spaldingli and C. robustus cannot be distinguished morphologically (Rabosky et al. 2014 did not fully redescribe either species, and their comparative diagnosis provided no distinguishing characters other than a slight difference in size) . Additionally, in view of uncertainty over the provenance of the C. robustus holotype (Rabosky et al. 2014), it is uncertain to which clade the name C. robustus properly belongs (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017).

In order to retain taxonomic stability pending resolution of these issues, this account adopts a traditional concept of C. robustus as a widespread Australian species following Cogger (2014), while noting that at least two species are likely to be included under this name." 109464638,Ctenotus storri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,storri,,,,,"Rankin, 1978", 109464651,Ctenotus strauchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,strauchii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)",The two subspecies are poorly-defined and are difficult to consistently distinguish (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017) 109464668,Ctenotus striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,striaticeps,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 109464681,Ctenotus stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,stuarti,,,,,"Horner, 1995", 109464692,Ctenotus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,superciliaris,,,,,"Rabosky, Hutchinson, Donnellan, Talaba & Lovette, 2014", 109464705,Ctenotus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,taeniatus,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1949)", 109464722,Ctenotus taeniolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,taeniolatus,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 109464741,Ctenotus tanamiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,tanamiensis,,,,,"Storr, 1970", 109464754,Ctenotus tantillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,tantillus,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 109464767,Ctenotus terrareginae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,terrareginae,,,,,"Ingram & Czechura, 1990", 109464783,Ctenotus uber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,uber,,,,,"Storr, 1969", 109464799,Ctenotus vagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,vagus,,,,,"Horner, 2009", 109464812,Ctenotus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,vertebralis,,,,,"Rankin & Gillam, 1979", 109464831,Ctenotus xenopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,xenopleura,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 109464844,Ctenotus youngsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,youngsoni,,,,,"Storr, 1975", 109464863,Ctenotus zebrilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,zebrilla,,,,,"Storr, 1981", 109464963,Cyclodomorphus branchialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,branchialis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 109465006,Cyclodomorphus casuarinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,casuarinae,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 109465062,Cyclodomorphus gerrardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,gerrardii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 109465094,Cyclodomorphus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,maximus,,,,,"(Storr, 1976)", 109465139,Cyclodomorphus melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,melanops,,,,,"(Stirling & Zietz, 1893)", 109465162,Cyclodomorphus michaeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,michaeli,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1984", 109465196,Cyclodomorphus praealtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,praealtus,,,,,"Shea, 1995", 109465234,Cyclodomorphus venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cyclodomorphus,venustus,,,,,"Shea & Miller, 1995",Northeastern populations are morphologically distinctive and may represent a separate taxon (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 109470194,Egernia cunninghami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,cunninghami,,,,,"(Gray, 1832)","There are numerous morphological and genetic forms within the current concept, some of which may be recognizable as species in the future (G. Shea pers. comm.)." 109470265,Egernia cygnitos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,cygnitos,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley & Donnellan, 2011", 109470276,Egernia depressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,depressa,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)", 109470317,Egernia douglasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,douglasi,,,,,"Glauert, 1956", 109470344,Egernia eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,eos,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley & Donnellan, 2011", 109470393,Egernia epsisolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,epsisolus,,,,,"Doughty, Kealley & Donnellan, 2011", 109470424,Egernia formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,formosa,,,,,"Fry, 1914", 109470437,Egernia hosmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,hosmeri,,,,,"Kinghorn, 1955", 109470458,Egernia mcpheei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,mcpheei,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1984", 109470484,Egernia napoleonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,napoleonis,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 109470507,Egernia pilbarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,pilbarensis,,,,,"Storr, 1978", 109470520,Egernia richardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,richardi,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 109470565,Egernia saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,saxatilis,,,,,"Cogger, 1960", 109470621,Egernia striolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Egernia,striolata,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 109470742,Eremiascincus douglasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,douglasi,,,,,"(Storr, 1967)", 109470776,Eremiascincus fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 109471409,Eremiascincus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,intermedius,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1919)", 109471427,Eremiascincus isolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,isolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","The taxonomy of this species is unresolved, and preliminary results suggest that it is comprised of more than one species (G. Shea and H. Cogger pers. comm. 2017)." 109471450,Eremiascincus musivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,musivus,,,,,"Mecke, Doughty & Donnellan, 2009", 109471470,Eremiascincus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,pallidus,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)", 109471491,Eremiascincus pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,pardalis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 109471530,Eremiascincus phantasmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,phantasmus,,,,,"Mecke, Doughty & Donnellan, 2013", 109471556,Eremiascincus richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,richardsonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 109471643,Eroticoscincus graciloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eroticoscincus,graciloides,,,,,"(Lönnberg & Andersson, 1913)", 109471718,Eulamprus kosciuskoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,kosciuskoi,,,,,"(Kinghorn, 1932)", 109471749,Eulamprus quoyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,quoyii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1824)",Populations from Rockhampton north represent a distinct lineage (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 109472503,Glaphyromorphus nyanchupinta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,nyanchupinta,,,,,"Hoskin & Couper, 2014", 109472520,Glaphyromorphus othelarrni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,othelarrni,,,,,"Hoskin & Couper, 2014", 109472548,Harrisoniascincus zia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Harrisoniascincus,zia,,,,,"(Ingram & Ehmann, 1981)", 109472571,Hemiergis gracilipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hemiergis,gracilipes,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)", 109472745,Hemiergis initialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hemiergis,initialis,,,,,"(Werner, 1910)", 109472762,Hemiergis millewae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hemiergis,millewae,,,,,"Coventry, 1976", 109472775,Hemiergis peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hemiergis,peronii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 109472798,Hemiergis talbingoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Hemiergis,talbingoensis,,,,,"Copland, 1946", 109472898,Lampropholis adonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,adonis,,,,,"Ingram, 1991", 109472962,Lampropholis amicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,amicula,,,,,"Ingram & Rawlinson, 1981", 109473000,Lampropholis caligula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,caligula,,,,,"Ingram & Rawlinson, 1981", 109473045,Lampropholis coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,coggeri,,,,,"Ingram, 1991","This species consists of two genetic lineages, northern and southern, which exhibit significant divergence between the two (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 109473064,Lampropholis colossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,colossus,,,,,"Ingram, 1991","This species appears to be indistinguishable from, and is likely to be conspecific with, Lampropholis delicata (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 109473083,Lampropholis couperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,couperi,,,,,"Ingram, 1991", 109473102,Lampropholis delicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,delicata,,,,,"(De Vis, 1888)","Lampropholis colossus appears to be indistinguishable from, and is likely to be conspecific with, Lampropholis delicata (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 109473149,Lampropholis elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,elongata,,,,,"Greer, 1997", 109473177,Lampropholis guichenoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,guichenoti,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 109473218,Lampropholis mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,mirabilis,,,,,"Ingram & Rawlinson, 1981", 109473231,Lampropholis robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lampropholis,robertsi,,,,,"Ingram, 1991", 109474798,Lerista aericeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,aericeps,,,,,"Storr, 1986", 109474872,Lerista ameles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,ameles,,,,,"Greer, 1979", 109474913,Lerista amicorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,amicorum,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109474954,Lerista apoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,apoda,,,,,"Storr, 1976", 109474990,Lerista arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,arenicola,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109475016,Lerista axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,axillaris,,,,,"Storr, 1991",The validity of this species has been questioned; it may represent a pattern morph of Lerista macropistophus (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 109475031,Lerista baynesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,baynesi,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109475048,Lerista bipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,bipes,,,,,"(Fischer, 1882)", 109475084,Lerista borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,borealis,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109475231,Lerista bougainvillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,bougainvillii,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)", 109475277,Lerista bunglebungle,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,bunglebungle,,,,,"Storr, 1991", 109475299,Lerista carpentariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,carpentariae,,,,,"Greer, 1983", 109475403,Lerista chordae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,chordae,,,,,"Amey, Kutt & Hutchinson, 2005", 109475422,Lerista christinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,christinae,,,,,"Storr, 1979", 109475436,Lerista cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,cinerea,,,,,"Greer, Mcdonald & Lawrie, 1983", 109475458,Lerista clara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,clara,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109475470,Lerista colliveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,colliveri,,,,,"Couper & Ingram, 1992", 109475533,Lerista desertorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,desertorum,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1919)", 109475559,Lerista distinguenda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,distinguenda,,,,,"(Werner, 1910)", 109475811,Lerista dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,dorsalis,,,,,"Storr, 1985", 109475847,Lerista edwardsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,edwardsae,,,,,"Storr, 1982", 109475875,Lerista elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,elegans,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 109475901,Lerista emmotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,emmotti,,,,,"Ingram, Couper & Donnellan, 1993", 109475917,Lerista eupoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,eupoda,,,,,"Smith, 1996", 109475942,Lerista flammicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,flammicauda,,,,,"Storr, 1985", 109475963,Lerista fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,fragilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 109475987,Lerista frosti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,frosti,,,,,"(Zietz, 1920)", 109476263,Lerista gascoynensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,gascoynensis,,,,,"Storr, 1986", 109476315,Lerista gerrardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,gerrardii,,,,,"(Gray, 1864)", 109476336,Lerista greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,greeri,,,,,"Storr, 1982", 109476359,Lerista griffini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,griffini,,,,,"Storr, 1982", 109476376,Lerista haroldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,haroldi,,,,,"Storr, 1983", 109476418,Lerista humphriesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,humphriesi,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109476480,Lerista ingrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,ingrami,,,,,"Storr, 1991", 109476493,Lerista ips,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,ips,,,,,"Storr, 1980", 109476506,Lerista jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,jacksoni,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109476517,Lerista kalumburu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,kalumburu,,,,,"Storr, 1976", 109476540,Lerista karlschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,karlschmidti,,,,,"(Marx & Hosmer, 1959)","The type locality of this species is Woodstock in Queensland, but the species has never been recorded from Queensland since this collection in the 1950s. It is unlikely that the Northern Territory populations currently understood to belong to Lerista karlschmidti are truly conspecific with the Queensland holotype, and therefore the name L. karlschmidti sensu stricto is likely to apply only to a taxon collected from Woodstock and not recorded since its original description (E. Vanderduys and A. Amey pers. comm. 2017). Pending formal action to resolve this issue, this assessment applies to L. karlschmidti as presently defined, including Northern Territory populations,." 109476560,Lerista kendricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,kendricki,,,,,"Storr, 1991", 109476573,Lerista kingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,kingi,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109476584,Lerista labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,labialis,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109476597,Lerista lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,lineata,,,,,"Bell, 1833","Both the provenance and the identity of three records of this species, from Woodleigh Station, have been questioned. These were reported from ""limestone uplands with Acacia grasbyi scrub"" in 1997 by Aplin et al. (unpublished), who noted that the specimens did not differ in size, characters or patterning from southern populations. Subsequent visits to the area have reported no limestone upland habitats in this area and tissue samples appear to have gone missing (G. Gaikhorst pers. comm. 2017). Genetic analysis is recommended should the specimens be recovered or additional records obtained from the Woodleigh locality (Alpin et al. unpublished, G. Gaikhorst and M. Cowan pers. comm. 2017)." 109476648,Lerista lineopunctulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,lineopunctulata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 109476721,Lerista macropisthopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,macropisthopus,,,,,"(Werner, 1903)", 109476765,Lerista micra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,micra,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109476788,Lerista microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,microtis,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 109476871,Lerista muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,muelleri,,,,,"(Fischer, 1881)", 109476913,Lerista neander,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,neander,,,,,"Storr, 1971", 109476951,Lerista nevinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,nevinae,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109476962,Lerista nichollsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,nichollsi,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1933)", 109476991,Lerista occulta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,occulta,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109477022,Lerista orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,orientalis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1889)", 109477056,Lerista petersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,petersoni,,,,,"Storr, 1976",The status of Lerista talpina is unclear. Aplin and Smith (2001) consider it a junior synonym of L. petersoni on the basis of a submitted manuscript that was never published. Subsequently the species has been recognized as valid by some authors (Cogger 2014) but not others (Wilson and Swan 2013). This account tentatively follows the latter arrangement pending consensus on the taxonomy of L. talpina. 109477079,Lerista picturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,picturata,,,,,"(Fry, 1914)", 109477108,Lerista planiventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,planiventralis,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1902)", 109477169,Lerista praefrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,praefrontalis,,,,,"Greer, 1986",Uncertainty exists as to whether the holotype was an aberrant individual of Lerista griffini (Maryan and Robinson 1997). 109477182,Lerista praepedita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,praepedita,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 109477229,Lerista punctatovittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,punctatovittata,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 109477311,Lerista puncticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,puncticauda,,,,,"Storr, 1991", 109477324,Lerista quadrivincula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,quadrivincula,,,,,"Shea, 1991", 109477361,Lerista timida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,timida,,,,,"(De Vis, 18886)",This is probably more than one species. 109477398,Lerista robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,robusta,,,,,"Storr, 1990", 109477411,Lerista rochfordensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,rochfordensis,,,,,"Amey & Couper, 2009", 109477422,Lerista rolfei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,rolfei,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109477483,Lerista separanda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,separanda,,,,,"Storr, 1976", 109477496,Lerista simillima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,simillima,,,,,"Storr, 1984", 109477510,Lerista speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,speciosa,,,,,"Storr, 1990", 109477523,Lerista stictopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,stictopleura,,,,,"Storr, 1985", 109477586,Lerista storri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,storri,,,,,"Greer, Mcdonald & Lawrie, 1983", 109477621,Lerista terdigitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,terdigitata,,,,,"(Parker, 1926)", 109477640,Lerista tridactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,tridactyla,,,,,"Storr, 1990", 109477653,Lerista uniduo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,uniduo,,,,,"Storr, 1984", 109477666,Lerista varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,varia,,,,,"Storr, 1986", 109477679,Lerista verhmens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,verhmens,,,,,"Smith & Adams, 2007", 109477698,Lerista viduata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,viduata,,,,,"Storr, 1991", 109477729,Lerista wilkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,wilkinsi,,,,,"(Parker, 1926)", 109477758,Lerista xanthura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,xanthura,,,,,"Storr, 1976", 109477774,Lerista yuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,yuna,,,,,"Storr, 1991", 109477808,Lerista chalybura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,chalybura,,,,,"Storr, 1985","The name with priority for this taxon is unclear, as the names Lerista chalybura and L. zietzi were independently coined within a month of one another to apply to this taxon and it is not entirely clear which was validly published first (Shea and Sadlier 1999)." 109477819,Lerista zonulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lerista,zonulata,,,,,"Storr, 1991", 109477844,Liburnascincus artemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liburnascincus,artemis,,,,,"Hoskin & Couper, 2015", 109477855,Liburnascincus coensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liburnascincus,coensis,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1953)", 109477885,Liburnascincus mundivensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liburnascincus,mundivensis,,,,,"(Broom, 1898)", 109477953,Liopholis guthega,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,guthega,,,,,"(Donnellan, Hutchinson, Dempsey & Osborne, 2002)","Molecular, morphological and ecological work soon to be published has demonstrated that the Victorian and New South Wales populations of Liopholis guthega represent different species (Z. Atkins in prep.)" 109478464,Liopholis margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,margaretae,,,,,"(Storr, 1968)","This species is currently divided in to two well-defined, allopatric subspecies: Liopholis margaretae margaretae in the central ranges of northern South Australia and the Northern Territory and L.m. personata from the Flinders Ranges of South Australia. Genetic evidence suggests that these are likely to warrant recognition as full species (Chapple et al. 2005), but no formal taxonomic action has yet been taken." 109478495,Liopholis modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,modesta,,,,,"(Storr, 1968)", 109478522,Liopholis montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,montana,,,,,"(Donnellan, Hutchinson, Dempsey & Osborne, 2002)", 109478537,Liopholis multiscutata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,multiscutata,,,,,"(Mitchell & Behrndt, 1949)", 109478633,Liopholis slateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Liopholis,slateri,,,,,"(Storr, 1968)", 109478924,Pachyphymus samwaysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pachyphymus,samwaysi,,,,,"Bazelet & Naskrecki, 2014", 109480101,Lissolepis coventryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lissolepis,coventryi,,,,,"(Storr, 1978)", 109480118,Lissolepis luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lissolepis,luctuosa,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)", 109480140,Menetia alanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Menetia,alanae,,,,,"Rankin, 1979", 109480162,Menetia greyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Menetia,greyii,,,,,"Gray, 1845","Aplin and Smith (2001) highlight extensive genetic diversity within the widespread ""Menetia greyii complex"", highlighting instances of sympatry, hybridization, polyploidy and ""probable parthenogenesis"" (parthenogenesis in M. greyii was later confirmed by Adams et al. 2003). Aplin and Smith (2001) suggested that a specimen from False Entrance Well, described by Storr as Menetia amaura, is very likely to represent an aberrant specimen of a locally abundant M. greyii complex species, and ""quite possibly"" represents M. greyii sensu stricto. M. amaura has never been recorded since its original description, although the name is still used to apply to the Shark Bay specimen (Cogger 2014), and is here included within the M. greyii complex on the advice of G. Gaikhorst (pers. comm. 2017) until its systematics are more fully resolved." 109480189,Menetia maini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Menetia,maini,,,,,"Storr, 1976", 109480224,Menetia surda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Menetia,surda,,,,,"Storr, 1976", 109480297,Morethia adelaidensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,adelaidensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 109480344,Morethia butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,butleri,,,,,"(Storr, 1963)", 109480361,Morethia lineoocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,lineoocellata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 109480380,Morethia obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,obscura,,,,,"Storr, 1972", 109480398,Morethia ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,ruficauda,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1895)", 109480432,Morethia storri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,storri,,,,,"Greer, 1981", 109480446,Morethia taeniopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Morethia,taeniopleura,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 109480565,Nangura spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nangura,spinosa,,,,,"Covacevich, Couper & James, 1993", 109480581,Carinascincus coventryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,coventryi,,,,,"(Rawlinson, 1975)", 109480598,Carinascincus greeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,greeni,,,,,"(Rawlinson, 1975)", 109480617,Carinascincus metallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,metallicus,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1874)", 109480639,Carinascincus microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,microlepidotus,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1874)", 109480680,Carinascincus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 109480708,Carinascincus orocryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,orocryptus,,,,,"(Hutchinson, Schwaner & Medlock, 1988)", 109480730,Carinascincus pretiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,pretiosus,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1874)", 109480767,Notoscincus butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Notoscincus,butleri,,,,,"Storr, 1979", 109480793,Notoscincus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Notoscincus,ornatus,,,,,"(Broom, 1896)", 109480830,Ophioscincus cooloolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophioscincus,cooloolensis,,,,,"Greer & Cogger, 1985", 109480843,Ophioscincus ophioscincus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophioscincus,ophioscincus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 109480861,Ophioscincus truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophioscincus,truncatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 109480879,Proablepharus barrylyoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proablepharus,barrylyoni,,,,,"Couper, Limpus, Mcdonald & Amey, 2010", 109480890,Proablepharus kinghorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proablepharus,kinghorni,,,,,"(Copland, 1947)", 109480905,Proablepharus naranjicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proablepharus,naranjicaudus,,,,,"Greer, Fisher & Horner, 2004", 109480916,Proablepharus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Proablepharus,tenuis,,,,,"(Broom, 1896)",This is probably a complex of several cryptic species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). 109480937,Pseudemoia cryodroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudemoia,cryodroma,,,,,"Hutchinson & Donnellan, 1992", 109480964,Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudemoia,entrecasteauxii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 109480985,Pseudemoia rawlinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudemoia,rawlinsoni,,,,,"(Hutchinson & Donnellan, 1988)", 109481007,Pseudemoia spenceri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pseudemoia,spenceri,,,,,"(Lucas & Frost, 1894)", 109481052,Pygmaeascincus koshlandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pygmaeascincus,koshlandae,,,,,"(Greer, 1991)", 109481069,Pygmaeascincus sadlieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pygmaeascincus,sadlieri,,,,,"(Greer, 1991)", 109481086,Pygmaeascincus timlowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pygmaeascincus,timlowi,,,,,"(Ingram, 1977)", 109481120,Saiphos equalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saiphos,equalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1825)", 109481162,Saproscincus basiliscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,basiliscus,,,,,"(Ingram & Rawlinson, 1981)", 109481194,Saproscincus challengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,challengeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 109481233,Saproscincus eungellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,eungellensis,,,,,"Sadlier, Couper, Colgan, Vanderduys, & Rickard, 2005", 109481244,Saproscincus hannahae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,hannahae,,,,,"Couper & Keim, 1998", 109481255,Saproscincus lewisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,lewisi,,,,,"Couper & Keim, 1998", 109481266,Saproscincus mustelinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,mustelinus,,,,,"(O’Shaughnessy, 1874)",Northern and southern subpopulations are genetically distinct from one another although levels of genetic divergence within this species are comparable to those within other Saproscincus species (Moussalli et al. 2005). 109481287,Saproscincus oriarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,oriarus,,,,,"Sadlier, 1998","Recent molecular work has found that Saproscincus oriarus is nested within S. mustelinus as presently understood, rendering the latter species paraphyletic (Moussalli et al. 2005). There is ""no compelling genetic evidence"" to support the hypothesis that S. mustelinus comprises multiple species-level taxa and genetic differentiation between this taxon and S. oriarus falls well within the range of intraspecific divergence within Saproscincus (Moussalli et al. 2005). S. orarius nonetheless exhibits an allopatric distribution and consistent morphological and ecological differences from other populations of S. mustelinus, including its high-elevation sister clade (S. mustelinus ""Central"" of Moussalli et al. 2005). S. oriarus is consequently treated as a full species both by Moussalli et al. (2005) and in more recent literature, and this scheme is followed here." 109481298,Saproscincus rosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,rosei,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 109481314,Saproscincus saltus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,saltus,,,,,"Hoskin, 2013", 109481325,Saproscincus spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,spectabilis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1888)", 109481342,Saproscincus tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Saproscincus,tetradactylus,,,,,"(Greer & Kluge, 1980)", 109481361,Eulamprus murrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,murrayi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","The appropriate generic name for Lygosoma murrayi is subject to some dispute. Skinner et al. (2013) erected the genus Silvascincus for this species and L. tryoni (at that time both included within Eulamprus) as part of a wide-ranging effort to resolve paraphyly among Australian sphenomorphine skinks. They have alternatively been included within Concinnia (Cogger 2014) or Karma. This latter name was coined by Wells (2009), and as such Silvascincus is a junior synonym (Cogger 2014). There is, however, controversy over the acceptance of Karma as a valid name (Kaiser et al. 2013, Cogger et al. 2014). These accounts take the conservative approach of retaining both of these species, and the related E. luteilateralis, within Eulamprus pending resolution of both nomenclatural issues and relationships between these taxa, as genetic and morphological data are ""not yet fully in agreement"" (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)" 109481391,Techmarscincus jigurru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Techmarscincus,jigurru,,,,,"(Covacevich, 1984)", 109481409,Tiliqua multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tiliqua,multifasciata,,,,,"Sternfeld, 1919", 109481446,Tiliqua nigrolutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tiliqua,nigrolutea,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 109481481,Tiliqua occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tiliqua,occipitalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 109481513,Tiliqua rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tiliqua,rugosa,,,,,"(Gray, 1825)", 109481538,Tiliqua scincoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tiliqua,scincoides,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 54851,Oreophrynella macconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,macconnelli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900","There has not been a formal synonymy, however, genetic data have suggested that Oreophrynella dendronastes is a synonym of this species (P. Kok pers. comm. November 2017)." 54853,Oreophrynella quelchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,quelchii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 55017,Vitreorana helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,helenae,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena, 1992)", 55026,Hyalinobatrachium pallidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,pallidum,,,,,"(Rivero, 1985)","This species is phylogenetically closely related to Hyalinobatrachium ibama (Guayasamin et al. 2009, Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2014). Recently, Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) suggested that Hyalinobatrachium ibama is possibly a synonym of H. pallidum. Additional studies must be done to resolve this uncertainty including not only the populations from Colombia, but also those from Sierra de Perijá and Mérida state in the Venezuelan Andes." 55034,Hyalinobatrachium taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,taylori,,,,,"(Goin, 1968)", 55134,Anomaloglossus praderioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,praderioi,,,,,"(La Marca, 1997)","Originally described as Colostethus praderioi (La Marca 1997) and later transferred to Anomaloglossus by Grant et al. (2006) on the basis of phylogenetic evidence combining molecular and phenotypic data. Kok (2010) redescribed the species with additional samples from Guyana. In the Anomaloglossus beebei species group sensu Grant et al. (2017)." 55142,Anomaloglossus roraima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,roraima,,,,,"(La Marca, 1997)","This species was originally described on the basis of a single immature female (La Marca 1997). It was redescribed based on new material and direct comparison with the holotype by Kok et al. (2013). 

Like many other Anomaloglossus species, A. roraima displays an impressive intraspecific variation in color pattern. This phenotypic variability, coupled with the fact that the species occurs on different tepuis, could lead to inappropriate taxonomic decisions (i.e., describing subpopulations from different tepuis as new), which has been done in the past with other Pantepui taxa (Kok et al. 2013)." 55157,Anomaloglossus tepuyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,tepuyensis,,,,,"(La Marca, 1997)", 55316,Flectonotus fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Flectonotus,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"(Parker, 1933)","This genus was moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). This species is well-supported. However, as with other species occurring in Trinidad & Tobago as well in northeastern Venezuela, mainly within Paria Peninsula, morphological and molecular assessments of mainland and insular populations are needed (Rivas et al. 2018). Duellman and Gray (1983) confirmed that Trinidad, Tobago and Venezuela populations are morphologically indistinguishable. Work in progress (Michael Jowers, pers. comm.) confirms a lack of significant molecular differences between the three subpopulations.

" 154179412,Boana roraima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,roraima,,,,,"(Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992)","Originally described in the Hyla geographica group (Duellman and Hoogmoed 1992), but later transferred to the Hypsiboas benitezi group of Faivovich et al. (2005). It was then subsequently moved to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). Barrio-Amorós et al. (2011) considered Hypsiboas angelicus Myers and Donnelly 2008 as a junior synonym of this species." 55830,Phytotriades auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Phytotriades,auratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)","Jowers et al. (2008) demonstrated that the genus Phyllodytes is paraphyletic on the basis of evidence from mitochondrial gene sequences. These authors showed that the levels of divergence of Phyllodytes auratus and the Brazilian Phyllodytes were greater than the intergeneric distance within tribu Lophiohylini and erected the genus Phytotriades for the species then known only from Trinidad (= Phytotriades auratus). Recently Blotto et al. (2020) demonstrated that Phytotriades is the sister taxon of Itapotihyla, and together form the sister group of all other Lophyohylini, supporting its distinctiveness to Phyllodytes spp." 55867,Phyllomedusa trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,trinitatis,,,,,"Mertens, 1926","In the Phyllomedusa tarsius group (Faivovich et al. 2010). Phyllomedusa neildi from northwestern Venezuela could be a junior synonym of Phyllomedusa trinitatis, despite the morphological and call differences in both species (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019)." 56036,Stefania scalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,scalae,,,,,"Rivero, 1970","This species was considered to be a synonym of Stefania evansi by Duellman and Hoogmoed (1984), but was revived by Señaris et al. (1997). This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005).

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Stefania populations in the Guiana Shield in Kok et al. (2012, 2017). Assigned to the evansi clade sensu Kok et al. (2017) whose members are circumscribed to the lowlands and uplands of the Eastern Pantepui District, and its eastern periphery in Guyana." 56038,Stefania tamacuarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,tamacuarina,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 1997","

This species is still missing in phylogenetic analyses, and its relationships with others members of the genus are unknown. Two specimens collected in Serra da Mocidade at 960 m asl, state of Roraima, northern Brazil (Moraes et al. 2017) are morphological similar and apparently closely related to S. tamacuarina, but additional molecular analysis is required to fully identify them.

" 57164,Leptodactylus rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,rugosus,,,,,"Noble, 1923","This species belongs to the L. pentadactylus species group, based on molecular phylogeny and non-molecular characters. It also shows, within the L. pentadactyus group, speciation in rocky outcrops (although not restricted in all; see habitat use), a kind of habitat also used for three species in the L. pentadactyus group, to which L. rugosus is related (De Sá et al. 2014)." 57812,Elachistocleis surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Elachistocleis,surinamensis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","This species is possibly the same species as Elachistocleis ovalis. It is possible that Relictivomer pearsei is a synonym of this species, and it was treated as such by Kenny (1969). However, we treat them here as separate species, pending a review of their relationships." 57938,Otophryne robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Otophryne,robusta,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 57939,Otophryne steyermarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Otophryne,steyermarki,,,,,"Rivero, 1968","This taxon was long considered a subspecies of Otophryne robusta, until the taxonomic treatment by Campbell and Clarke (1998)." 59571,Microcaecilia rabei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,rabei,,,,,"(Roze & Solano, 1963)",The conspecificity of the specimens from Venezuela and Suriname is not certain. 59643,Rhinatrema nigrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,RHINATREMATIDAE,Rhinatrema,nigrum,,,,,"Dunn, 1942","The species is sometimes incorrectly cited as Epicrionops nigrus. The taxonomy of the genus is in need of revision (M. Wilkinson pers. comm. 2004). The holotype described by Dunn (1942) is lost, and Taylor (1968) designated UCVMB 5360, described by Roze and Solano (1963), as the neotype (as Epicrionops nigrus). Moraes et al. (2017) noted a specimen from the Serra da Mocidade in the Guiana Shield region of northern Brazil, similar to this species but genetically distinct, presumably representing an unnamed species. Return to the genus Rhinatrema after the phylogenetic revision of Maciel et al. (2018)." 190978,Allobates algorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,algorei,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Santos, 2009",It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position as part of Allobates is corroborated by Grant et al. (2017). The population from Río Dorado referred as Allobates humilis (Barrio-Amorós and García-Porta 2003) correspond to A. algorei (Barrio-Amorós and Santos 2009). 194803,Pristimantis rivasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rivasi,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Barros, 2010",Originally assigned to the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2010) but referred as unassigned to species group by Padial et al. (2014). Their phylogenetic relationships within the genus remain unknown. 88219594,Tepuihyla obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,obscura,,,,,"Kok, Ratz, Tegelaar, Aubret & Means, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Tepuihyla edelcae (Kok et al. 2015). 88219636,Tepuihyla edelcae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,edelcae,,,,,"Ayarzaguena, Señaris & Gorzula, 1992", 88230660,Tepuihyla rodriguezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,rodriguezi,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","Tepuihyla rimarum, Tepuihyla galani, and Tepuihyla talbergae have been synonymized under this species (Jungfer et al. 2013, Kok et al. 2015). Its phylogenetic relationships have been assessed by Kok et al. (2012, 2015), Jungfer et al. (2013), and Salerno et al. (2012, 2015)." 89098052,Vitreorana gorzulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,gorzulae,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena, 1992)","Centrolene lema and Centrolene papillahallicum have been synonymized under this species by Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2009), and Kok and Castroviejo-Fisher (2008)." 107887160,Castoraeschna decurvata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,decurvata,,,,,"Dunkle & Cook, 1984", 107887253,Oplonaeschna magna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oplonaeschna,magna,,,,,"González & Novelo, 1998", 107892052,Erpetogomphus boa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,boa,,,,,"Selys, 1859", 107892136,Erpetogomphus cophias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,cophias,,,,,"Selys, 1858", 107887429,Rhionaeschna demarmelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,demarmelsi,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2003", 107887559,Rhionaeschna haarupi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,haarupi,,,,,"(Ris, 1908)", 107887794,Rhionaeschna manni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,manni,,,,,"(Williamson & Williamson, 1930)", 107892150,Ophiogomphus purepecha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,purepecha,,,,,"González & Villeda-Callejas, 2000", 107892306,Phyllogomphoides danieli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,danieli,,,,,"González & Novelo, 1990", 107888107,Rhionaeschna pallipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,pallipes,,,,,"(Fraser, 1947)", 107888853,Mnesarete lencionii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,lencionii,,,,,"Garrison, 2006", 107889985,Andinagrion peterseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Andinagrion,peterseni,,,,,"(Ris, 1908)", 107890334,Argia botacudo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,botacudo,,,,,"Calvert, 1909",This species has not been seen since its original description. 107890437,Argia chapadae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,chapadae,,,,,"Calvert, 1909","According to Rosser Garrison, this species is a synonym of Argia tinctipennis." 107890650,Argia jujuya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,jujuya,,,,,"Ris, 1916", 107890726,Argia lilacina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,lilacina,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 107890926,Argia mayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,mayi,,,,,"González-Soriano, 2012", 107891166,Calvertagrion albatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Calvertagrion,albatum,,,,,"Tennessen, 2015", 107891210,Calvertagrion charis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Calvertagrion,charis,,,,,"Tennessen, 2015", 107891438,Cyanallagma nigrinuchale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Cyanallagma,nigrinuchale,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 107891835,Inpabasis nigridorsum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Inpabasis,nigridorsum,,,,,"Bota-Sierra & Faasen, 2015", 107891855,Ischnura ultima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,ultima,,,,,"Ris, 1908", 107891950,Rialla villosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Rialla,villosa,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 107892036,Diaphlebia richteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diaphlebia,richteri,,,,,"Bota-Sierra, 2015", 107892207,Phyllocycla foliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,foliata,,,,,"Belle, 1988", 107892244,Phyllocycla vesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,vesta,,,,,"Belle, 1972", 107892328,Phyllogomphoides luisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,luisi,,,,,"González & Novelo, 1988", 41768,Phacochoerus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Phacochoerus,africanus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

During the 18th and 19th centuries two species of warthog were recognised: Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Pallas 1766) from the Cape Province of South Africa and Phacochoerus africanus (Gmelin 1788) from West Africa. In the early 20th century, mammalian taxonomists lumped the two species under P. aethiopicus. Palaeontologists, however, continued to recognise two distinct species based on the absence of incisors in P. aethiopicus and differences between the two species in the structure of the third molar. The Cape Warthog (P. aethiopicus aethiopicus) was extinct by the 1870s, but it was not until the rediscovery of the Somali Warthog (P. aethiopicus delamerei) in the horn of Africa (Grubb 2013) that the 20th century confusion over the classification of the two species of warthog was resolved. The history of the classification of warthogs is fully described by Grubb and D’Huart (2010). All southern African forms are referred to P. africanus.

" 134323,Nautilothelphusa zimmeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Nautilothelphusa,zimmeri,,,,,"(Balss, 1933)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae, but was reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904 by Klaus et al. (2006) in the subfamily Parathelphusinae (see Klaus et al. 2010)." 134327,Parathelphusa ferruginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,ferruginea,,,,,"Chia and Ng, 2006","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae, but was reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904 by Klaus et al. (2006) in the subfamily Parathelphusinae (see Klaus et al. 2010)." 134415,Parathelphusa pantherina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Parathelphusa,pantherina,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae, but was reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904 by Klaus et al. (2006) in the subfamily Parathelphusinae (see Klaus et al. 2010)." 134942,Syntripsa flavichela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Syntripsa,flavichela,,,,,"Chia and Ng, 2006","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae, but was reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904 by Klaus et al. (2006) in the subfamily Parathelphusinae (see Klaus et al. 2010)." 135110,Syntripsa matannensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Syntripsa,matannensis,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1902)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae, but was reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904 by Klaus et al. (2006) in the subfamily Parathelphusinae (see Klaus et al. 2010)." 198055,Caridina dennerli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,dennerli,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009", 197912,Caridina mahalona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mahalona,,,,,"Cai, Wowor & Choy, 2009", 198253,Caridina spongicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spongicola,,,,,"Zitzler & Cai, 2006", 189599,Tylomelania kruimeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,kruimeli,,,,,"von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003", 109686008,Tylomelania amphiderita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,amphiderita,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109686124,Tylomelania bakara,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,bakara,,,,,"Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003", 109686157,Tylomelania baskasti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,baskasti,,,,,"Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008", 109686281,Tylomelania confusa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,confusa,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109686316,Tylomelania gemmifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,gemmifera,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)", 109686382,Tylomelania hannelorae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,hannelorae,,,,,"Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008", 109686462,Tylomelania inconspicua,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,inconspicua,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109689201,Tylomelania insulaesacrae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,insulaesacrae,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)", 109689542,Tylomelania kristinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,kristinae,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109690031,Tylomelania lalemae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,lalemae,,,,,"(Kruimel, 1913)", 109690594,Tylomelania mahalonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,mahalonensis,,,,,"(Kruimel, 1913)", 109690706,Tylomelania marwotoae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,marwotoae,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109690974,Tylomelania matannensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,matannensis,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109691002,Tylomelania molesta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,molesta,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)", 109691469,Tylomelania palicolarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,palicolarum,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)", 109691605,Tylomelania patriarchalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,patriarchalis,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)", 109691744,Tylomelania sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Kruimel, 1913)", 109691903,Tylomelania sinabartfeldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,sinabartfeldi,,,,,"Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2008", 109723575,Tylomelania tominangensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,tominangensis,,,,,"(Kruimel, 1913)", 109723647,Tylomelania towutensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,towutensis,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897) ", 109723718,Tylomelania towutica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,towutica,,,,,"(Kruimel, 1913)", 109723745,Tylomelania turriformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,turriformis,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109723794,Tylomelania wesseli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,wesseli,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109723823,Tylomelania wolterecki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,wolterecki,,,,,"Rintelen, Bouchet & Glaubrecht, 2007", 109723846,Tylomelania zeamais,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,zeamais,,,,,"(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897)", 109723980,Corbicula matannensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,matannensis,,,,,"Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898", 109724445,Corbicula loehensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,loehensis,,,,,"Kruimel, 1913", 109725470,Sulawesidrobia perempuan,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,perempuan,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725489,Sulawesidrobia soedjatmokoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,soedjatmokoi,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725508,Sulawesidrobia anceps,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,anceps,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725519,Sulawesidrobia bicolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,bicolor,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725532,Sulawesidrobia abreui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,abreui,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725550,Sulawesidrobia megalodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,megalodon,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725572,Sulawesidrobia towutiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,towutiensis,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725584,Sulawesidrobia datar,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,datar,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725602,Sulawesidrobia yunusi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,yunusi,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109725625,Sulawesidrobia mahalonaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Sulawesidrobia,mahalonaensis,,,,,"Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011", 109732288,Celebargiolestes toli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Celebargiolestes,toli,,,,,"Kalkman, 2016", 163858,Neurothemis nesaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,nesaea,,,,,"Ris, 1911","Seehausen and Günther (2016) comment on possible relationships between Neurothemis nesaea and species of the N. intermedia-group, noting that it is possible that at least one of N. intermedia atalanta Ris, 1913 and N. intermedia excelsa Lieftinck, 1934 might be junior synonyms of N. nesaea." 109809613,Microthymochares pullus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Microthymochares,pullus,,,,,"Devriese, 1991", 109809698,Thymochares rehni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Thymochares,rehni,,,,,"Günther, 1959", 103899231,Procytettix hova,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Procytettix,hova,,,,,"Rehn, 1937", 39371,Carcharhinus leiodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,leiodon,,,,,"Garrick, 1985", 44227,Bythaelurus alcockii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,alcockii,,,,,"(Garman, 1913)",The taxonomic status and validity of this species is uncertain. The only known specimen (which may be lost) may have actually been an Apristurus species. 60131,Torpedo adenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,adenensis,,,,,"Carvalho, Stehmann & Manilo, 2002", 60143,Neoharriotta pumila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Neoharriotta,pumila,,,,,"Didier & Stehmann, 1996","A record of an egg capsule from the Indian Ocean identified as Harriotta indica (Balakrishnan 1962), as well as records of H. pinnata in the Arabian Sea and Southwest India (Manilo and Movchan 1989, Silas and Selvaraj 1980) probably refer to this species." 60172,Acroteriobatus salalah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,salalah,,,,,"(Randall & Compagno, 1995)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, elevating the former subgenus Acroteriobatus to generic status." 161340,Amblyraja reversa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,reversa,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1906)", 161349,Benthobatis moresbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Benthobatis,moresbyi,,,,,"Alcock, 1898", 161426,Chiloscyllium arabicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,arabicum,,,,,"Gubanov, 1980","This species was first described by Gubanov and Schleib (1980) but Dingerkus and DeFino (1983) described it as a separate species, Chiloscyllium confusum, without mention of C. arabicum. Compagno (1984) provisionally recognized C. arabicum but noted it was apparently very close to C. punctatum. Dingerkus and DeFino's account clearly establishes this species as separate from C. punctatum (Compagno 2001).

This species has been widely misreported as C. griseum, at least in the Arabian Gulf, and the distribution of these two similar species requires clarification. There is a high need for taxonomic investigation regarding species in the genus Chiloscyllium in the Arabian Sea region (D. Ebert pers. comm. 2017)." 161447,Rhinobatos punctifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,punctifer,,,,,"Compagno & Randall, 1987", 161470,Apristurus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,indicus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 161476,Acroteriobatus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,variegatus,,,,,"(Nair & Lal Mohan, 1973)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the genus Rhinobatos, elevating the former subgenus Acroteriobatus to generic status.

Acroteriobatus variegatus is morphologically very similar to A. zanzibarensis, with only subtle differences in mitochondrial DNA between the two species. Further work is required to clarify their relationship (Last et al. 2016b)." 161488,Halaelurus boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Halaelurus,boesemani,,,,,"Springer & D'Aubrey, 1972","This species was confused with H. buergeri until Springer and D'Aubrey (1972) found it to be a different species (Compagno 1984). Previously considered to occur in the Philippines, Viet Nam and northwestern Australia but two new species recently described from Indonesia/Philippines and northwestern Australia have resulted in a more restricted range for this species (White et al. 2007). The Viet Nam populations need to be examined further as it is unsure which Halaelurus species they are (W. White pers. obs)." 161499,Ctenacis fehlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PROSCYLLIIDAE,Ctenacis,fehlmanni,,,,,"(Springer, 1968)", 161613,Torpedo suessii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,suessii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1898","Previously Torpedo suessi was considered a junior synonym of T. sinuspersici (Carvalho et al. 2002). Garman (1913) considered T. suessi to be a valid species, but thought that it may be synonymous with T. panthera. However, Carvalho et al. (2002) believe that this is not possible due to the inconceivability that the ornate colour pattern of T. suessi could transform into the typical pattern of small, irregular whitish spots present in T. panthera. Rather than being a synonym of T. sinuspersici, or T. panthera, it is much more likely that T. suessi is a valid species that occurs at least in the southern Red Sea (Carvalho et al. 2002). This species may also be identifiable with the paralectotype of T. fuscomaculata, but there is some uncertainty surrounding this, and T. suessi would still prove to be a valid species even it if it was conspecific with the paralectotype (Carvalho et al. 2002)." 161625,Halaelurus quagga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Halaelurus,quagga,,,,,"(Alcock, 1899)", 161632,Heteronarce bentuviai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Heteronarce,bentuviai,,,,,"(Baranes & Randall, 1989)", 161663,Heteronarce mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Heteronarce,mollis,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1907)", 161690,Narcine oculifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,oculifera,,,,,"Carvalho, Compagno & Mee, 2002","Although only recently described (Carvalho et al. 2002), the Bigeye Electric Ray (Narcine oculifera) is distinctive and is not easily confused with any other electric rays." 161720,Heterodontus omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,omanensis,,,,,"Baldwin, 2005", 161723,Raja pita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,pita,,,,,"Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995","

The female holotype of the Pita Skate was comprehensively examined in a recent taxonomic assessment of Okamajei (Weigmann et al. 2015). This showed unequivocally that the Pita Skate does not belong to the genus Okamejei, but instead to either Leucoraja or Rajella. This is evidenced by its overall appearance, particularly the absence of dark-marked ventral pores (vs. dark marked ventral pores present in Okamejei), a rather short and thick tail (vs. a long and slender tail), a very short interdorsal space (vs. a wide interdorsal space), and a short postdorsal tail section (vs. a long postdorsal tail section). Due to the lack of an adult male specimen and the accordingly unknown clasper characters, the Pita Skate specimen cannot definitely be assigned to a genus and for the time being should be placed as incertae sedis in the general genus Raja Linnaeus. More specimens are urgently needed (Weigmann et al. 2015).

" 161728,Brevitrygon imbricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Brevitrygon,imbricata,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Himantura imbricata has been placed within the newly described genus Brevitrygon (Last et al. 2016a). Brevitrygon imbricata is very similar to B. walga (it is often confused with B. walga), particularly in general disc shape, however their geographical distributions appear limited and almost non-overlapping (P. Last pers. obs). The former is apparently found only in the Indian Ocean, the latter in the South China Sea. Two forms of B. imbricata are recognized, based on the morphology of the tail." 47407786,Maculabatis randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,randalli,,,,,"(Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Moore, 2012)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Maculabatis to consist of nine medium to large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including randalli)." 70682503,Pastinachus sephen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pastinachus,sephen,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 103055306,Planonasus parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE,Planonasus,parini,,,,,"Weigmann, Stehmann & Theil, 2013", 103055459,Apristurus breviventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,breviventralis,,,,,"Kawauchi, Weigmann & Nakaya, 2014", 104023514,Aetomylaeus milvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Aetomylaeus,milvus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1841)",Aetomylaeus milvus is considered to be distinct from A. maculatus (Last et al. 2016). 107604242,Acroteriobatus omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,omanensis,,,,,"Last, Henderson & Naylor, 2016", 107604828,Okamejei ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,ornata,,,,,"Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2015", 107604987,Maculabatis arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,arabica,,,,,"Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2016", 172531,Trioceros jacksonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,jacksonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)","Three subspecies are recognized: T. j. jacksonii, T. j. xantholophus, T. j. merumontana (Tilbury 2010, Stipala 2014). An investigation of the status of these sub-species in a phylogenetic framework has not confirmed differentiation between them, as currently conceived, although the outlying Mt. Meru sub-species, T. j. merumontana, does appear to be distinct (Stipala 2014). It is clear that additional work is needed to resolve the status of these sub-species." 110003147,Calliptamuloides minimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamuloides,minimus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 275,Acomys subspinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,subspinosus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)", 570,Micaelamys granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Micaelamys,granti,,,,,"(Wroughton, 1908)","

Although formerly included in the genus Aethomys, chromosomal, morphological and molecular evidence support the recognition of Micaelamys as a distinct genus (Baker et al. 1988, Russo 2003, Chimimba 2005, Lecompte et al. 2008). Micaelamys granti can be can be distinguished from M. namaquensis on morphological and chromosomal grounds (Visser and Robinson 1986, 1987; Chimimba et al. 1999). In M. namaquensis the tail is relatively longer, the ventral pelage is often pure white, and there are only three pairs of nipples; whereas, in M. granti, the ventral pelage is never pure white (usually grey or greyish), and there are five pairs of nipples (Monadjem et al. 2015).

" 2620,Bathyergus suillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Bathyergus,suillus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1782)","

Contrasting with previous research, a recent study (Visser et al. 2014) revealed that Bathyergus suillus is paraphyletic with regards to its sister species (B. janetta). Resultantly, this study recommends a systematic revision of the genus Bathyergus.

" 9077,Georychus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Georychus,capensis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1778)","

The subpopulations from KwaZulu-Natal (Honeycutt et al. 1987, Nevo et al. 1987, J.H. Visser unpubl. data) and Mpumalanga (C.G. Faulkes and N.C. Bennett unpubl. data; J.H. Visser unpubl. data) are genetically distinct from each other, and ongoing molecular research is uncovering at least two lineages in the Western Cape (J.H. Visser unpubl. data). The KwaZulu-Natal (Honeycutt et al. 1987, Nevo et al. 1987, J.H. Visser unpubl. data) and Mpumalanga (J.H. Visser unpubl. data) populations are considered worthy of species status, and other lineages may constitute species too. However, further research and taxonomic resolution for all subpopulations is needed.

" 15659,Otomys sloggetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,sloggetti,,,,,"Thomas, 1902","

Although Otomys sloggetti is considered to be defined by primitive dental characters, its position on the phylogeny of Otomyinae remains unresolved (Taylor et al. 2004).

" 45097,Myomyscus verreauxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Myomyscus,verreauxii,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)","

The genus Myomyscus is currently represented by three African species, which can be distinguished from the similar Mastomys species based on their longer tail relative to head and body length, whiter ventral colour, and number of nipples (Monadjem et al. 2015), as well as molecular data (Lecompte et al. 2005). Musser and Carleton (2003) suggest that the Myomyscus should be restricted to the type species (M. verreauxii), and a new genus should be described for the remaining taxa (Monadjem et al. 2015). However, further analyses are required before this hypothesis can be confirmed. Verreaux’s Mouse can be easily distinguished from the other Myomyscus species based on its distribution. No subspecies have been described.

" 714,Ailurus fulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,AILURIDAE,Ailurus,fulgens,,,,,"F.G. Cuvier, 1825","Groves (2011) considered that the two taxa of Ailuridae, Ailurus fulgens fulgens and A. f. styani, should be treated as two separate species." 22688449,Tyto nigrobrunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,nigrobrunnea,,,,,"Neumann, 1939", 22709711,Larvivora ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,ruficeps,,,,,"Hartert, 1907","

Larvivora ruficeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22712705,Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,nieuwenhuisii,,,,,"(Finsch, 1901)", 62290488,Otus mendeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,mendeni,,,,,"Neumann, 1939","Otus manadensis, O. mendeni and O. sulaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. manadensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22714696,Acrocephalus paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,paludicola,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22696165,Nisaetus bartelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,bartelsi,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1924)", 22725499,Ninox reyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,reyi,,,,,"Oustalet, 1880","

Ninox philippensis, N. spilocephala, N. leventisi, N. reyi, N. rumseyi, N. spilonotus and N. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727234,Mulleripicus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Mulleripicus,fuliginosus,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877","

Mulleripicus funebris and M. fuliginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. funebris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22707285,Symposiachrus sacerdotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,sacerdotum,,,,,"(Mees, 1973)",Symposiachrus sacerdotum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha sacerdotum. 22680339,Marmaronetta angustirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Marmaronetta,angustirostris,,,,,"(Ménétriés, 1832)", 22692509,Lewinia mirifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Lewinia,mirifica,,,,,"(Parkes & Amadon, 1959)", 22709399,Ficedula bonthaina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,bonthaina,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)", 22698727,Sarcophanops samarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Sarcophanops,samarensis,,,,,"Steere, 1890",Sarcophanops samarensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eurylaimus samarensis. 22689670,Eurostopodus diabolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eurostopodus,diabolicus,,,,,"Stresemann, 1931", 110064579,Euryphymus xanthocnemis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euryphymus,xanthocnemis,,,,,"Brancsik, 1897", 22697685,Ciconia stormi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,stormi,,,,,"(Blasius, 1896)", 22691634,Ducula carola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,carola,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)", 22736062,Dicrurus menagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,menagei,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)", 22690173,Columba elphinstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,elphinstonii,,,,,"(Sykes, 1833)", 22710150,Cochoa beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cochoa,beccarii,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879", 22716210,Dasycrotapha speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Dasycrotapha,speciosa,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)", 22690097,Columba eversmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,eversmanni,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1856", 89108544,Rana coreana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,coreana,,,,,"Okada, 1928",Rana kunyuensis has been synonymized under this species by Zhou et al. (2015). 119242042,Hynobius quelpaertensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,quelpaertensis,,,,,"Mori, 1928","We consider this species to be separate from Hynobius leechii, following Yang et al. (1997). This is also a restricted concept of this species now that H. unisacculus has been split from it by Min et al. (2016)." 136179,Hynobius yangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,yangi,,,,,"Kim, Min & Matsui, 2003", 61903,Karsenia koreana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Karsenia,koreana,,,,,"Min, Yang, Bonett, Vieites, Brandon & Wake, 2005","While first collected in 1971 (Nishikawa 2009), it was only described in 2005 (Min et al. 2005)." 58577,Pelophylax chosenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,chosenicus,,,,,"(Okada, 1931)", 22726572,Chrysocolaptes xanthocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,xanthocephalus,,,,,"Walden & Layard, 1872","Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22689993,Caprimulgus concretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,concretus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22680064,Asarcornis scutulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Asarcornis,scutulata,,,,,"(S. Müller, 1842)",Asarcornis scutulata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Cairina. 22727280,Anas albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,albogularis,,,,,"(Hume, 1873)","

Anas gibberifrons and A. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. gibberifrons following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 110133276,Xenocalamus mechowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Xenocalamus,mechowii,,,,,"Peters, 1881", 110133616,Boaedon longilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,longilineatus,,,,,"Trape & Medannikov, 2016", 110133638,Boaedon paralineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,paralineatus,,,,,"Trape & Medannikov, 2016", 110133660,Boaedon perisilvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,perisilvestris,,,,,"Trape & Medannikov, 2016", 110133683,Boaedon radfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,radfordi,,,,,"Greenbaum, Portillo, Jackson & Kusamba, 2015", 110133707,Boaedon subflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,subflavus,,,,,"Trape & Medannikov, 2016", 110133782,Boaedon upembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,upembae,,,,,"(Laurent, 1954)", 110133962,Lycodonomorphus leleupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,leleupi,,,,,"(Laurent, 1950)", 22728146,Ramphiculus subgularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,subgularis,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","

Ramphiculus subgularis, R. epius and R. mangoliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus and lumped as P. subgularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22680592,Turnix everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,everetti,,,,,"Hartert, 1898", 22684969,Prioniturus luconensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,luconensis,,,,,"Steere, 1890", 110153660,Prosymna visseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,visseri,,,,,"Fitzsimons, 1959", 22716813,Suthora zappeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,zappeyi,,,,,"Thayer & Bangs, 1912","

All members of genus Suthora now moved to the family Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Sinosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) and prior to that listed in Paradoxornis, but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Two subspecies recognized.

" 110159200,Cordylus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,angolensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1895)",The taxonomic status of this Cordylus population is under review (Stanley et al. 2016). 110159494,Cordylus machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,machadoi,,,,,"Laurent, 1964",This species is endemic to a restricted area of Angola's Great Escarpment (Stanley et al. 2016). The Namibian records are referred to Cordylus namakuiyus (J. De Boer pers. comm.). 110159609,Cordylus marunguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,marunguensis,,,,,"Greenbaum, Stanley, Kusamba, Moninga, Goldberg & Bursey, 2012", 110159738,Cordylus namakuiyus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,namakuiyus,,,,,"Stanley, Ceríaco, Bandeira, Valerio, Bates & Branch 2016", 110159813,Cordylus nyikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,nyikae,,,,,"Broadley & Mouton, 2000", 22728616,Gymnocrex talaudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gymnocrex,talaudensis,,,,,"Lambert, 1998", 110160195,Cordylus rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,rhodesianus,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1933)", 110161006,Karusasaurus jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Karusasaurus,jordani,,,,,"(Parker, 1936)", 22716118,Spelaeornis badeigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,badeigularis,,,,,"Ripley, 1948", 110162253,Namazonurus namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Namazonurus,namaquensis,,,,,"(Methuen & Hewitt, 1914)", 110162783,Namazonurus pustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Namazonurus,pustulatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)", 110164740,Platysaurus mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,mitchelli,,,,,"Loveridge, 1953", 110164805,Platysaurus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,ocellatus,,,,,"Broadley, 1962", 22704193,Philemon fuscicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,fuscicapillus,,,,,"(Wallace, 1862)", 22707288,Symposiachrus everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,everetti,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)",Symposiachrus everetti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha everetti.
 110167750,Smaug mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,mossambicus,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1958)",The taxonomic status of forms in the Smaug (Cordylus) warreni species complex (see Jacobsen 1989) was evaluated using molecular and morphological approaches (Stanley and Bates 2014). The study identified eight well supported distinct clades that are allopatric. 110167812,Smaug regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,regius,,,,,"(Broadley, 1962)",The taxonomic status of forms in the Smaug (Cordylus) warreni species complex (see Jacobsen 1989) was evaluated using molecular and morphological approaches (Stanley and Bates 2014). The study identified eight well supported distinct clades that are allopatric. 110168507,Naja anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,anchietae,,,,,"Bocage, 1879", 110168644,Naja christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,christyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 110168688,Naja multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,multifasciata,,,,,"(Werner, 1902)", 110186919,Afroedura bogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,bogerti,,,,,"Loveridge, 1944",The status of this taxon needs to be investigated as more than one form may be involved (W. Conradie pers. comm. 2019). 196888,Afroedura tirasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,tirasensis,,,,,"Haacke, 1965",The relationship between the three subspecies of Afroedura africana was investigated using molecular techniques by Jacobsen et al. (2014) and all the former subspecies are now recognized as full species. 110191494,Afroedura loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,loveridgei,,,,,"Broadleyi, 1963", 169705,Afrogecko ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afrogecko,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 196902,Kolekanos plumicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Kolekanos,plumicaudus,,,,,"(Haacke, 2008)", 107972521,Camptonotus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Camptonotus,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888)", 110200451,Chondrodactylus pulitzerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Chondrodactylus,pulitzerae,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1933)", 196910,Pachydactylus kochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,kochii,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1959",A molecular phylogeny by Heinicke et al. (2017) showed that Colopus wahlbergii and C. kochi are referable to the genus Pachydactylus. 196911,Pachydactylus wahlbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,wahlbergii,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","Haacke (1976) revised Colopus wahlbergii and described a western subspecies, C. w. furcifer.

A molecular phylogeny by Heinicke et al. (2017) showed that Colopus wahlbergii and C. kochi are referable to the genus Pachydactylus. The status of P. w. furcifer should be assessed by means of a molecular analysis." 14667781,Lygosoma corpulentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,corpulentum,,,,,"Smith, 1921", 110206995,Amusina mexicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PROPHALANGOPSIDAE,Amusina,mexicana,,,,,"(Saussure, 1893)", 110208552,Anaxipha philifolia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Anaxipha,philifolia,,,,,"Rentz, 1973", 110209089,Dianemobius wulaius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Dianemobius,wulaius,,,,,"Liu & Yang, 1998", 110209252,Luzara rufipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PHALANGOPSIDAE,Luzara,rufipennis,,,,,"Walker, 1869", 110209913,Metioche nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Metioche,nigripes,,,,,"Chopard, 1926", 110211461,Lygodactylus bernardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,bernardi,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1958","Lygodactylus bonsi is considered to be a distinct species (e.g. Branch 1998, Travers et al. 2014) and is assessed separately." 110211603,Lygodactylus depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,depressus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1919", 110211643,Lygodactylus grotei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,grotei,,,,,"Sternfeld, 1911",Current taxonomic studies are underway to confirm the taxonomic validity of this taxon (W. Conradie and A. Bauer pers. comm. 2019). 110211686,Pareuthymia fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pareuthymia,fasciata,,,,,"Willemse, 1955", 110211850,Lygodactylus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,insularis,,,,,"Boettger, 1913", 110212120,Lygodactylus klugei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,klugei,,,,,"(Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977)", 110212151,Lygodactylus lawrencei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,lawrencei,,,,,"Hewitt, 1926", 110212189,Lygodactylus regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,regulus,,,,,"Portik, Travers, Bauer & Branch, 2013","Conradie et al. (2016) report Lygodactylus specimens collected from Mt Mabu and Mt Ribáuè, and preliminary genetic analysis confirms that those are not the same taxon as L. regulus (K.A. Tolley unpub. data 2019). The species is therefore considered to occur only on Mt Namúli." 110212169,Svistella bifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Svistella,bifasciata,,,,,"(Shiraki, 1911)", 110212462,Lygodactylus rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,rex,,,,,"Broadley, 1963", 110213605,Pachydactylus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,acuminatus,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1941", 110213744,Pachydactylus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,bicolor,,,,,"Hewitt, 1926", 110213793,Pachydactylus boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,boehmei,,,,,"Bauer, 2020", 110213822,Pachydactylus caraculicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,caraculicus,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1959", 110213847,Pachydactylus etultra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,etultra,,,,,"Branch, Bauer, Jackman & Heinicke, 2011", 110213871,Pachydactylus gaiasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,gaiasensis,,,,,"Steyn & Mitchell, 1967", 110213933,Pachydactylus katanganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,katanganus,,,,,"De Witte, 1953", 110213960,Pachydactylus kobosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,kobosensis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1938", 110214003,Pachydactylus maraisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,maraisi,,,,,"Heinicke, Adderly, Bauer & Jackman, 2011", 110214064,Pachydactylus mclachlani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,mclachlani,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006", 110214085,Pachydactylus oreophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,oreophilus,,,,,"Mclachlan & Spence, 1967",Unpublished genetic data suggest that this taxon consists of multiple species-level forms. 110214123,Pachydactylus oshaughnessyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,oshaughnessyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 110214162,Pachydactylus otaviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,otaviensis,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006", 110214196,Pachydactylus parascutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,parascutatus,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2002", 110214291,Pachydactylus reconditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,reconditus,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006", 110214391,Pachydactylus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,robertsi,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1938", 110214463,Pachydactylus sansteynae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,sansteynae,,,,,"Steyn & Mitchell, 1967", 110214635,Pachydactylus scherzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,scherzi,,,,,"Mertens, 1954",The taxonomic status is uncertain. More than one form may be involved. 110214677,Pachydactylus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,scutatus,,,,,"Hewitt, 1927", 110215164,Pachydactylus serval,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,serval,,,,,"Werner, 1910", 110215228,Pachydactylus vanzyli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,vanzyli,,,,,"(Steyn & Haacke, 1966)", 110215258,Pachydactylus waterbergensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,waterbergensis,,,,,"Bauer & Lamb, 2003", 110215287,Pachydactylus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,werneri,,,,,"Hewitt, 1935", 22688548,Otus sagittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,sagittatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1848)", 196952,Ptenopus carpi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ptenopus,carpi,,,,,"Brain, 1962", 196981,Meroles anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,anchietae,,,,,"(Bocage, 1867)", 196986,Meroles reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,reticulatus,,,,,"(Bocage, 1867)", 110221695,Meroles micropholidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,micropholidotus,,,,,"Mertens, 1938", 197004,Pedioplanis benguelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,benguelensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1867)", 197005,Pedioplanis breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,breviceps,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1911)", 197002,Pedioplanis rubens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,rubens,,,,,"Mertens, 1955", 197003,Pedioplanis undata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,undata,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)", 110221972,Pedioplanis haackei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,haackei,,,,,"Conradie, Measey, Branch & Tolley, 2012", 110221992,Pedioplanis huntleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,huntleyi,,,,,"Conradie, Measey, Branch & Tolley, 2012", 110222006,Pedioplanis husabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,husabensis,,,,,"Berger-Dell’mour & Mayer, 1989", 110222341,Namibiana labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Namibiana,labialis,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1908)", 110222386,Namibiana latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Namibiana,latifrons,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1908)", 110230508,Trachylepis acutilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,acutilabris,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)", 110230530,Trachylepis adamastor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,adamastor,,,,,"Ceriaco, 2015", 110230631,Causus rasmusseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Causus,rasmusseni,,,,,"Broadley, 2014","Although a recent study (Conradie et al. 2016) suggested that the species may be synonymous with Causus rhombeatus, the sequenced specimens were collected from outside of the known range and subsequent examination of these specimens suggest that they may be referable to C. rhombeatus." 110133231,Xenocalamus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Xenocalamus,bicolor,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 22711924,Machlolophus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Machlolophus,nuchalis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1845)",Machlolophus nuchalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus nuchalis. 22716261,Stachyris oglei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,oglei,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1877)", 22726334,Ninox mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,mindorensis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1896","

Ninox philippensis, N. spilocephala, N. leventisi, N. reyi, N. rumseyi, N. spilonotus and N. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705956,Corvus florensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,florensis,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1894", 22734528,Napothera pasquieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Napothera,pasquieri,,,,,"(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)","Previously placed in genus Rimator (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly treated as conspecific with N. malacoptila and N. albostriata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Monotypic." 22689610,Batrachostomus poliolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,poliolophus,,,,,"Hartert, 1892", 22726935,Ceyx argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,argentatus,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877","

Ceyx argentatus and C. flumenicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Alcedo and lumped as A. argentata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22475165,Bitis caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,caudalis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1839)","A recent phylogenetic analysis shows that this species consists of at least two separate clades that are distinct at the species level (Barlow et al. 2019). A southern clade (primarily found in South Africa) is closely related to Bitis schneideri, whereas a northern clade (primarily found in Namibia) is related to B. peringueyi. Populations from Botswana and Zimbabwe have not yet been assigned to either of these putative taxa." 22688911,Otus gurneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,gurneyi,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1879)", 22706489,Coracina fortis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,fortis,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)", 22685016,Tanygnathus gramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Tanygnathus,gramineus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22715758,Trochalopteron yersini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,yersini,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1919",

Trochalopteron yersini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax yersini.

133502056,Cobitis takatsuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,takatsuensis,,,,,"Mizuno, 1970", 39293,Tachysurus ichikawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,ichikawai,,,,,"(Okada & Kubota, 1957)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Pseudobagrus but is here considered valid in the genus Tachysurus. 110461312,Gymnogobius isaza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,isaza,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1916)", 110462086,Lates japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATIDAE,Lates,japonicus,,,,,"Katayama & Taki, 1984", 110462374,Lefua nikkonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Lefua,nikkonis,,,,,"(Jordan & Fowler, 1903)", 12403,Luciogobius albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luciogobius,albus,,,,,"Regan, 1940", 110463465,Oncorhynchus kawamurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,kawamurae,,,,,"Jordan & McGregor, 1925","This species may represent is a local subpopulation of Kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka). This subpopulation looks like Seton and Anderson Lakes Kokanee (Morris and Caverly 2004), and is unlikely to differ genetically (Moreira and Taylor 2015). There is no difference of morphological characters (e.g, number of gill rakers) between Kunimasu and Kokanee. However, Moreira and Taylor (2015) expressed ""A diphyletic origin of black kokanee from two independent episodes of divergence on either side of the Pacific Ocean. This inference is supported by the observations that black kokanee in Japan and in the Anderson-Seton lakes system did not form a monophyletic grouping in either the mtDNA or microsatellite-based trees.""" 110464455,Sarcocheilichthys biwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Sarcocheilichthys,biwaensis,,,,,"Hosoya, 1982", 110464579,Silurus lithophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,lithophilus,,,,,"(Tomoda, 1961)", 21383,Tanakia tanago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Tanakia,tanago,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1909)", 110465222,Melanogryllus carmichaeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLIDAE,Melanogryllus,carmichaeli,,,,,"(Chopard, 1928)", 22698631,Hydrornis baudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,baudii,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1845)",Hydrornis baudii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta baudii. 22692604,Gymnocrex rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gymnocrex,rosenbergii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)", 22697713,Leptoptilos javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Leptoptilos,javanicus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22694711,Sterna acuticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,acuticauda,,,,,"Gray, 1832", 186094,Scincella monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,monticola,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1925)", 110515634,Battus devilliers,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,devilliers,,,,,"(Godart, 1822)", 110515696,Battus eracon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,eracon,,,,,"(Godman & Salvin, 1897)", 110519867,Battus lycidas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,lycidas,,,,,"(Cramer, 1777)", 110520147,Battus philenor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,philenor,,,,,"(Linnaues, 1771)","There are currently five subspecies recognised: the nominate subspecies philenor; subspecies insularis (Vázquez, 1957); subspecies hirsuta (Skinner, 1908); subspecies acauda (Oberthür, 1879); and subspecies orsua (Godman & Salvin, 1889)." 110520503,Battus polydamas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,polydamas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are currently 20 subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies polydamas; subspecies lucayus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies cubensis (Dufrane, 1946); subspecies jamaicensis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies polycrates (Hopffer, 1865); subspecies thyamus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies antiquus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies christopheranus (A. Hall, 1936); subspecies neodamas (Lucas, 1852); subspecies dominicus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies cebriones (Dalman, 1823); subspecies lucianus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies vincentius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies grenadensis (A. Hall, 1930); subspecies streckerianus (Honrath, 1884); subspecies peruanus (Fuchs, 1954); subspecies atahualpa T. Racheli & Pischedda, 1987; subspecies weyrauchi Lamas, 1998; subspecies renani Lamas, 1998; and subspecies psittacus (J. Molina, 1782)." 110524167,Eurytides dolicaon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Eurytides,dolicaon,,,,,"(Cramer, 1775)","There are currently seven known subspecies for this species: the nominate subspecies dolicaon; subspecies septentrionalis K. Brown, 1994; subspecies hebreus K. Brown & Lamas, 1994; subspecies tromes (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies cauraensis Möhn, 2002; subspecies deileon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865); and subspecies deicoon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864)." 22710160,Saxicola macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,macrorhynchus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1872)", 110590900,Papilio andraemon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,andraemon,,,,,"(Hübner, 1823)","

There are three subspecies: P. a. andraemon (Hübner 1823); P. a. bonhotei (Sharpe 1990); and P. a. tailori (Rothschild and Jordan 1906).


Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020).

" 22681622,Psilopogon javensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,javensis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)",Psilopogon javensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 62156,Papilio aristodemus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,aristodemus,,,,,"Esper, 1794","

Five subspecies have been described for this species: the nominate subspecies aristodemus and subspecies temenes (Godart, 1819); ponceanus (Schaus, 1911); bjorndalae (Clench, 1978); and majasi (Miller, 1987). 


Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020).

" 88993730,Rhinella leptoscelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,leptoscelis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","This species has been revalidated and removed from synonymy of R. veraguensis (Padial et al. 2009). Several specimens that are now considered to represent R. leptoscelis are those reported as R. fissipes by Köhler (2000) for Bolivia (Padial et al. 2009). Records from the surroundings of Caranavi, Departamento La Paz, Bolivia (deposited at CBF) were erroneously reported as originating from Rurrenabaque, Departamento Beni by Köhler (2000) according to Padial et al. (2009)." 15984,Papilio caiguanabus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,caiguanabus,,,,,"Poey, 1851", 15988,Papilio esperanza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,esperanza,,,,,"Beutelspacher, 1975","This species belongs to the subfamily Papilioninae (Tyler et al. 1994, Zakharov et al. 2004). Based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis, it has been suggested that it is closely related to the “Troilus” group (Zakharov et al. 2004)." 110607935,Papilio machaonides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,machaonides,,,,,"Esper, 1796","Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020)." 110608304,Papilio multicaudata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,multicaudata,,,,,"Kirby, 1884",There are three recognised subspecies: P. m. multicaudata (Kirby 1884); P. m. pusillus (Austin and Emmel 1998); P. m. grandiosus (Austin and Emmel 1988).

110610772,Papilio pelaus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,pelaus,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775","

There are four recognised subspecies (Warren et al. 2016): the nominate subspecies pelaus (Fabricius, 1775); subspecies imerius (Godart, 1819); subspecies atkinsi (Bates, 1935); and subspecies puertoricoensis (Möhn, 1999).


Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020).

" 110613568,Papilio polyxenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,polyxenes,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775","There are several recognised subspecies: P. p. polyxenes Fabricius, 1775; P. p. asterius Stoll 1782; P. p. coloro Wright 1905; P. p. stabilis Rothschild & Jordan 1906; P. p. americus Kollar 1850; P. p. gerardi Bollino and Vitale 2002; P. p. costarum Orellana, 2009; and P. p. sadalus Lucas 1852. 

" 110618291,Papilio zelicaon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,zelicaon,,,,,"Lucas, 1852","Subspecies of this butterfly include the nominate subspecies zelicaon (Lucas 1852) and nitra (Edwards 1883). Subspecies nitra is however considered a synonym of zelicaon by some (Pelham 2008), albeit it is also considered to be an eastern subspecies of zelicaon (Opler and Warren 2002, Fisher 1977) containing only rare dark individuals; representing possible introgression with P. polyxenes (NatureServe, 2019). P. gothica (Remington 1968) (occurring across Canada, western USA, and Mexico) is also regarded as a biological race or subspecies of P. zelicaon, or possibly as the yellow form of P. nitra (Collins and Morris 1985)." 110618545,Parides anchises,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,anchises,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are currently twenty subspecies known for this species, according to Warren et al. (2010): the nominate subspecies anchises; subspecies nephalion (Godart, 1819); subspecies stilbon (Kollar, 1839); subspecies alyattes (C. & R. Felder, 1865); subspecies cymochles (Doubleday, 1844); subspecies etias (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies serapis (Boisduval, 1836); subspecies thelios (Gray, [1853]); subspecies humaita D'Abrera, 1981; subspecies osyris (C. & R. Felder, 1861); subspecies drucei (Butler, 1874); subspecies orbignyanus (Lucas, 1852); subspecies foetterlei (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies orinocensis (Rousseau-Decelle, 1960); subspecies marinae Racheli, 1981; subspecies koenigi Racheli, 1989; subspecies bukuti Brévignon, 1998; subspecies farfan Brown, 1994; subspecies marthilia Maza, 1999 and subspecies zygma Lamas, 2001." 110618990,Parides sesostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,sesostris,,,,,"(Cramer, 1779)","There are currently four subspecies reported for this species, following the treatment by  Racheli (2006): the nominate subspecies sesostris; subspecies tarquinius (Boisduval, 1836); susbpecies zestos (Gray, [1853]); and subspecies trinitensis Brown, 1994. Another taxon, zischkai, has been considered a fifth subspecies of this species (Warren et al. 2013), but is considered a synonym of the nominate subspecies by Racheli (2006)." 110619537,Parnassius eversmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,eversmanni,,,,,"Ménétriès, 1855","There are several subspecies recognised for this species, including subspecies vosnessenski Ménétriés, [1850]; subspecies thor H. Edwards, 1881; subspecies septentrionalis Verity, 1911; subspecies maui Bryk, 1914; and subspecies daisetsuzana Matsumura, 1926. Subspecies felderi is considered a separate species by some authors, with maui and litoreus as subspecies of P. felderi (e.g. Weiss 1999). Here, we follow the view that felderi, maui, and lacinia are subspecies of Parnassius eversmanni (Beccaloni et al. 2003)." 22683645,Ceryle rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceryle,rudis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693431,Calidris ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,ferruginea,,,,,"(Pontoppidan, 1763)", 110661822,Myosorex meesteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,meesteri,,,,,"Taylor, Kearney, Peterhans, Julian, Baxter & Willows-Munro, 2013","Within the Myosorex cafer complex, Willows-Munro (2008) and Taylor et al. (2013) used a combination of molecular and morphological characters to demonstrate considerable lineage diversification. Myosorex sclateri and M. cafer were split in 2008 (Willows-Munro 2008). The Zimbabwe and Mozambique population are considered a new species (M. meesteri) and the Limpopo lineage was tentatively assigned to M. tenius based on small cranial size." 110662638,Otomys auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,auratus,,,,,"Wroughton, 1906","South Africa
This species was until recently included in Otomys irroratus and the two cannot be distinguished on morphological grounds; however, O. auratus is closely associated with the Grassland Biome in South Africa and the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe, whilst O. irroratus is closely associated with the Fynbos and Thicket biomes of the Western Cape and EasternCape provinces of South Africa (Monadjem et al. 2015). Otomys auratus was shown to significantly differ from O. irroratus on molecular, chromosomal and ecological grounds (Taylor et al. 2009; Engelbrecht et al. 2011)." 22696705,Anhinga rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,ANHINGIDAE,Anhinga,rufa,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 22698577,Acanthisitta chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHISITTIDAE,Acanthisitta,chloris,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1787)", 22698735,Eurylaimus ochromalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Eurylaimus,ochromalus,,,,,"Raffles, 1822", 22689613,Batrachostomus mixtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,mixtus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1892", 184496,Eupera crassa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,crassa,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)", 110713738,Papilio oxynius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,oxynius,,,,,"(Geyer, 1827)","

Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020).

" 178281,Vietnascincus rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Vietnascincus,rugosus,,,,,"Darevsky & Orlov, 1994", 110717766,Protographium celadon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Protographium,celadon,,,,,"(Lucas, 1852)","Some sources list this species under genus Neographium (e.g. Butterflies of America; https://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/Papilionidae.htm), however, here we follow Tyler et al. (1994) and retain this species under genus Protographium." 110725557,Phaneroptera minima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Phaneroptera,minima,,,,,"Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878", 110725637,Poecilimon diversus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,diversus,,,,,"Ünal, 2010","Kaya et al. (2012) suggested that this species may represent a synonym of Poecilimon sureyanus, but Ünal (2012) argued that the morphological differences are distinct and re-established the species. Chobanov et al. (2015) suggested to await a genetic analysis to finally clarify its status." 22698754,Calyptomena hosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOMENIDAE,Calyptomena,hosii,,,,,"Sharpe, 1892", 22698807,Leptopogon rufipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Leptopogon,rufipectus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1846)", 22698893,Hemitriccus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,minimus,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1940)", 22698914,Hemitriccus iohannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,iohannis,,,,,"(Snethlage, 1907)", 22698933,Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,margaritaceiventer,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22698937,Hemitriccus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,inornatus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22698941,Hemitriccus granadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,granadensis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1843)", 22699069,Corythopis delalandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Corythopis,delalandi,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22699292,Elaenia ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,ruficeps,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22699415,Culicivora caudacuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Culicivora,caudacuta,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22699453,Euscarthmus rufomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Euscarthmus,rufomarginatus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22699787,Contopus cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,cooperi,,,,,"(Swainson, 1832)", 22699836,Contopus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,latirostris,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1866)", 22699978,Cnemarchus erythropygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Cnemarchus,erythropygius,,,,,"(Sclater, 1853)", 22700104,Agriornis micropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Agriornis,micropterus,,,,,"Gould, 1839", 22700114,Agriornis murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Agriornis,murinus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22700256,Knipolegus nigerrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,nigerrimus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22700284,Fluvicola nengeta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Fluvicola,nengeta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 110738404,Typophyllum mortuifolium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Typophyllum,mortuifolium,,,,,"Walker, 1870", 22700300,Alectrurus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Alectrurus,tricolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22700343,Attila citriniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Attila,citriniventris,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22700520,Empidonomus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonomus,varius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22686630,Mearnsia picina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Mearnsia,picina,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1879)", 22725080,Ramphiculus mangoliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,mangoliensis,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1898)","

Ramphiculus subgularis, R. epius and R. mangoliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus and lumped as P. subgularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 169689,Dixonius aaronbaueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,aaronbaueri,,,,,"Ngo & Ziegler, 2009", 165311,Etheria elliptica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,ETHERIIDAE,Etheria,elliptica,,,,,"Lamarck, 1807",Etheria ellipica populations in Africa can be split into two groups with divergent MT DNA (D. Graf pers. comm). The synonyms here listed only pertain to Madagascar material. 184508,Chambardia trapezia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,trapezia,,,,,"(Martens, 1897)", 184597,Mutela bourguignati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,bourguignati,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1885)", 184659,Pisidium fistulosum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,fistulosum,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)", 184575,Sphaerium nyanzae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,nyanzae,,,,,"(Smith, 1892)","This species is represented by two forms:
  • Sphaerium nyanzae nyanzae
  • Sphaerium nyanzae alluaudi

There are four Sphaerium species listed by Graf and Cummings (2016) in their database of freshwater bivalves. It is possible that there are only three extant species, as frequently only three species are recorded.
  • Sphaerium nyanzae Smith, 1892 - four synonyms | four specimens - Distribution: Endemic to Lake Victoria.
  • Sphaerium regulare Mandahl-Barth, 1954 - one species-level nomen - Distribution: Lake Victoria and Edward, Africa.
  • Sphaerium stuhlmanni Martens, 1897 - two synonyms - Distribution: Lake Victoria, Africa.
  • Sphaerium victoriae Smith, 1906 - five synonyms - Distribution: Upper Nile Great Lakes, Africa.
" 184652,Sphaerium regularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,regularis,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)","The valid name for this species is now considered to be Sphaerium regulare Mandahl-Barth, 1954 (see Graf and Cummings, Mussel-P 2016). It was originally introduced by Mandhal-Barth as a subspecies of Sphaerium stuhlmanni and later elevated to full species.

There are four Sphaerium species listed by Graf and Cummings (2016) in their database of freshwater bivalves. It is possible that there are only three extant species, as frequently only three species are recorded.
  •  Sphaerium nyanzae Smith, 1892 - four synonyms | four specimens - Distribution: Endemic to Lake Victoria. 
  • Sphaerium regulare Mandahl-Barth, 1954 - one species-level nomen - Distribution: Lake Victoria and Edward, Africa.
  • Sphaerium stuhlmanni Martens, 1897 - two synonyms - Distribution: Lake Victoria, Africa.
  • Sphaerium victoriae Smith, 1906 - five synonyms - Distribution: Upper Nile Great Lakes, Africa.
" 184757,Sphaerium victoriae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,victoriae,,,,,"(Smith, 1906)","There are four Sphaerium species listed by Graf and Cummings (2016) in their database of freshwater bivalves. It is possible that there are only three extant species, as frequently only three species are recorded.
  • Sphaerium nyanzae Smith, 1892 - four synonyms | four specimens - Distribution: Endemic to Lake Victoria.
  • Sphaerium regulare Mandahl-Barth, 1954 - one species-level nomen - Distribution: Lake Victoria and Edward, Africa.
  • Sphaerium stuhlmanni Martens, 1897 - two synonyms - Distribution: Lake Victoria, Africa.
  • Sphaerium victoriae Smith, 1906 - five synonyms - Distribution: Upper Nile Great Lakes, Africa.
" 44249,Coelatura cridlandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,cridlandi,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1954", 184514,Coelatura hauttecoeuri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,hauttecoeuri,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1883)",Very variable in shell shape and hence difficult to identify. 184689,Nitia monceti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nitia,monceti,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1883)","According to Mandahl-Barth (1988) Nitia chefneuxi of Lake Turkana may be conspecific to this species. However, N. chefneuxi may be extinct due to the high alkalinity of the lake, though a few dwarfed specimens were collected live in the late 1960s." 99508242,Bellamya constricta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,constricta,,,,,"(Martens, 1889)","Bellamya constricta belongs to the Bellamya species-complex of Lake Victoria, of which the representatives are treated as subspecies of B. unicolor by Mandahl-Barth (1954) and as distinct species by Brown (1994). Recent molecular studies (Sengupta et al. 2009, Schultheiss et al. 2014) have demonstrated that these Victorian taxa, though more or less morphologically distinctive, are genetically inseparable. They are, according to Sengupta et al. (2009), not yet genetically differentiated in different species and should be considered as ecophenotypical morphs, whose specific shell form and ornamentation are responses to the peculiarities of the micro-habitats. This Red List assessment is of the Bellamya constricta complex including B. constricta, B. costulata, B. jucunda and the Lake Victoria subpopulation of B. unicolor." 2753,Bellamya trochlearis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,trochlearis,,,,,"Martens, 1892","In the combined consensus cladogram (Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian inference) of the African viviparidae, constructed by Sengupta et al. (2009), the specimens identified as Bellamya trochlearis nest at different places between other Lake Victoria endemic 'species'. The whole species group in Lake Victoria, a lake that is geologically very young, seems hence to be genetically inseparable from each other. Sengupta et al. (2009) therefore state that their findings support the conclusion of Mandahl-Barth (1954), namely that these 'species' actually represent different eco-phenotypic morphs of the same species, adapted to different microhabitats. Bellamya trochlearis is retained here provisionally as a classical species until the Victorian forms of Bellamya are officially revised and it has been decided if these should be given the status of subspecies or mere ecological forms.

It is possible that in recent surveys, the ecophenotypic morphs 'Bellamya trochlearis' and 'Bellamya constricta' have been confused." 184750,Biomphalaria choanomphala,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,choanomphala,,,,,"(Martens, 1879)","Recent molecular research has shown that the taxonomy of the African Biomphalaria species, based on the shell, copulatory organs and radular teeth (Mandahl-Barth 1957, Brown 1994), is incompatible with the genetic results (Jørgensen et al. 2007). The populations of the two  'species' that occur in Lake Victoria, namely the endemic B. choanomphala and the (supposedly) widely spread B. sudanica, appear to be ecophenotypic variants of the same species (Standley et al. 2011). These authors propose the name of Biomphalaria choanomphala choanomphala for the first morph, which occurs in the lake's open waters and Biomphalaria choanomphala sudanica for the second morph, which seems confined to the marshes and aquatic vegetation around the lake's edges.

" 184653,Biomphalaria smithi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,smithi,,,,,"(Preston, 1910)","Biomphalaria smithi is considered as a distinct species, confined to Lake Edward (the mention of this species from Lake Chad is probably erroneous). It is analogous to B. choanomphala choanomphala of L Victoria and B. stanleyi of Lake Albert. It does not occur in the Lake Victoria Basin." 44269,Burnupia stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BURNUPIIDAE,Burnupia,stuhlmanni,,,,,"(Martens, 1897)","Four species of the genus Burnupia have been described from eastern Africa; two species from the highlands and two from the large rift lakes. Burnupia stuhlmanni is the species that was described from Lake Victoria and the Victoria Nile. The taxonomic relationship between these four species and with the widespread B. caffra are unknown. If these are distinct species or ecophenotypic adaptations to exceptional conditions (highlands, rift lakes) needs further investigation." 184713,Ceratophallus crassus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,crassus,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)","The Afrotropical genus Ceratophallus consists of 12 small planorbid snails, most of which are restricted to rift lakes (Brown 1994). The generic position of three of these Ceratophallus species remains uncertain. The highest species diversity is found in the Victoria Basin and Lake Victoria proper. In addition to four species that are endemic to the lake and lake shore, namely C. kisumiensis, C. subtilis, C. concavus and C. crassus, the widespread C. natalensis and C. kigeziensis also occur in the Lake Victoria basin." 184649,Ceratophallus kigeziensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,kigeziensis,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)","The Afrotropical genus Ceratophallus consists of 12 small planorbid snails, most of which are restricted to rift lakes (Brown 1994). The generic position of three of these Ceratophallus species remains uncertain. The highest species diversity is found in the Victoria Basin and Lake Victoria proper. In addition to four species that are endemic to the lake and lake shore, namely C. kisumiensis, C. subtilis, C. concavus and C. crassus, the widespread C. natalensis and C. kigeziensis also occur in the Lake Victoria basin.

The distribution of the Ceratophallus subpopulations that have been identified as C. kigeziensis is highly disjunct which may suggest that the species also occurs in other areas in-between but has been overlooked or that, as is the case of C. natalensis, there is a species complex. 

." 184625,Ceratophallus subtilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,subtilis,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)","The Afrotropical genus Ceratophallus consists of 12 small planorbid snails, most of which are restricted to rift lakes (Brown 1994). The generic position of three of these Ceratophallus species remains uncertain. The highest species diversity is found in the Victoria Basin and Lake Victoria proper. In addition to four species that are endemic to the lake, namely C. kisumiensis, C. subtilis, C. concavus and C. crassus, the widespread C. natalensis, C. gibonsi and C. kigeziensis also do occur in the Lake Victoria basin.

Mandahl-Barth (1954) originally described C. subtilis as a subspecies of Gyraulus costulatus, endemic to Lake Victoria (G. costulatus subtilis). Brown (1994) placed it in the genus Ceratophallus while adding that the examination of the penis is desirable to confirm identification. The present generic status of this species or subspecies is hence not yet confirmed." 44250,Cleopatra guillemei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,guillemei,,,,,"Bourguignat, 1885","The genus Cleopatra is in need of a taxonomic revision. Cleopatra guillemei seems to belong to the C. africana-C. ferruginea complex, which is a fossil relict that is confined to equatorial  and southeastern Africa." 44236,Gabbiella humerosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,humerosa,,,,,"(Martens, 1879)","Mandahl-Barth (1968) recognized in the region of the Great Lakes a single widespread Gabbiella species, namely Gabbiella humerosa, which he divided in six subspecies (or geographical races) according to the lake in which they were found , namely Gabbiella humerosa humerosa (L. Victoria), G. h. kyogae (L. Kyoga and Victoria Nile), G. h. alberti (L. Albert), G. h. edwardi ( L. Edward), G. h. kivuensis (L. Kivu and Upper Ruzizi) and G. h. tanganyicensis (marshes and tributaries bordering L. Tanganyika). Since Gabbiella species are easily spread by birds, the genetic difference between these subspecies may be negligible or inversely G. humerosa  may represent a group of cryptic species. Further taxonomic study is needed." 165765,Pila ovata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,ovata,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)","

Pila ovata is a widespread afrotropical species, of which several endemic forms have been described from Lake Victoria, based on morphological differences such as size and weight, namely:

  • Pila gordoni (E.A. Smith, 1892)
  • Pila gordoni bukobae (Martens, 1897)
  • Pila ovata var. emini Martens, 1897
  • Pila ovata eleanorae Mandahl-Barth, 1954
  • Pila nyanzae (E.A. Smith, 1892)
Mandah-Barth (1954) and Brown (1994) regarded these forms all belong to the same species, namely Pila ovata (Olivier, 1804). However, the nominate subspecies, P. o. ovata, does not occur in Lake Victoria and, as Mandahl-Barth (1954) states, it is unclear 'whether these (lake) forms are geographical races, ecological forms or perhaps both'.

The unique ecological characteristics of the subpopulations of P. ovata of Lake Victoria  constitute an argument to consider it as a separate race, adapted to lacustrine conditions, namely Pila ovata gordoni. Pila ovata gordoni is smaller in size than the nominate subspecies and as such it is evaluated under a subspecies name.  


" 22691257,Treron oxyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,oxyurus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22691178,Treron teysmannii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,teysmannii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1879", 103702640,Edolisoma nesiotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,nesiotis,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 184573,Biomphalaria stanleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,stanleyi,,,,,"(Smith, 1888)","Biomphalaria stanleyi is considered a distinct species (Plam et al. 2008). It is a broad and high-shelled lacustrine morphotype endemic to Lake Albert, and thus homologous to B. smithi from Lake Edward and B. choanomphala choanomphala from Lake Victoria.


" 3312,Bulinus browni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,browni,,,,,"Jelnes, 1979","Bulinus browni belongs to the Bulinus forskalii group, containing high spired, small species able to thrive in seasonal waters (Brown 1994). Except for the studies of Jelnes (1979, 1983), the author of this species, no research has been done on this rather enigmatic species, which in appearance is very similar to B. forskalii, with which it co-occurs." 184537,Bulinus nasutus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,nasutus,,,,,"Martens, 1979","The genus Bulinus is divided in four groups (Brown 1994), one of which is the B. africanus group. In the Lake Victoria region five species of this group occur: B. africanus, B. globosus, B. ugandae, B. nasutus and B. productus (formerly often considered as a subspecies of B. nasutus). Confusion between these species, particularly in trematode studies, often occurs." 184529,Bulinus permembranaceus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,permembranaceus,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)",Bulinus permembranaceus is a species belonging to the B. truncatus/tropicus group (not complex). The species is haploid and restricted to higher altitudes. 184779,Bulinus productus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,productus,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1960)","Bulinus productus belongs to the B. africanus group. Whether Bulinus productus and Bulinus nasutus are two subspecies (or forms) of the same species (B. nasutus) or if they are distinct species, has been a long standing discussion (see Kristensen 1988, Brown 1994). Based on molecular evidence, Kane et al. (2008) concluded that 'the molecular data support the view that these forms are closely related species and it would seem acceptable to consider them as B. productus and B. nasutus'.

This species appeared on the IUCN Red List as Bulinus nasutus ssp. productus until 2016. It has now been promoted to species level and is valid as Bulinus productus." 165789,Bulinus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,reticulatus,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1954","Bulinus reticulatus is a small, elongated species, belonging to the B. forskalii group." 44230,Ceratophallus kisumiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,kisumiensis,,,,,"(Preston, 1912)","The Afrotropical genus Ceratophallus consists of 12 small planorbid snails, most of which are restricted to rift lakes (Brown 1994). The generic position of three of these Ceratophallus species remains uncertain. The highest species diversity is found in the Victoria Basin and Lake Victoria proper. In addition to four species that are endemic to the lake and lake shore, namely C. kisumiensis, C. subtilis, C. concavus and C. crassus, the widespread C. natalensis and C. kigeziensis also occur in the Lake Victoria basin." 98324735,Chambardia bourguignati,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,bourguignati,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1885)", 44270,Cleopatra cridlandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,cridlandi,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1954","The Afrotropical genus Cleopatra (Paludomidae) is in need of revision. Cleopatra cridlandi is an intriguing species, that seems related to C. bulimoides, the main Cleopatra species in Africa north of the equator." 22700544,Conopias parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Conopias,parvus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 44248,Coelatura alluaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,alluaudi,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1908)", 184685,Pettancylus kavirondicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,kavirondicus,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)", 22700552,Conopias trivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Conopias,trivirgatus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 184613,Gabbiella kichwambae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,kichwambae,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)","Gabbiella kichwambae was described from isolated crater lakes in western Uganda. These lakes have only been populated since ca. 11,000 y BP and the question if this species is distinctive or a form of G. humerosa needs additional research." 22700560,Conopias cinchoneti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Conopias,cinchoneti,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 175133,Gabbiella senaariensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,senaariensis,,,,,"(Küster, 1852)",The difference between Gabbiella senaariensis and Gabbiella schweinfurti has not yet been fully elucidated. 22700815,Ampelioides tschudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Ampelioides,tschudii,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 44256,Sphaerium stuhlmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,stuhlmanni,,,,,"Martens, 1897","There are four Sphaerium species listed by Graf and Cummings (2016) in their database of freshwater bivalves. It is possible that there are only three extant species, as frequently only three species are recorded.
  • Sphaerium nyanzae Smith, 1892 - four synonyms | four specimens - Distribution: Endemic to Lake Victoria.
  • Sphaerium regulare Mandahl-Barth, 1954 - one species-level nomen - Distribution: Lake Victoria and Edward, Africa.
  • Sphaerium stuhlmanni Martens, 1897 - two synonyms - Distribution: Lake Victoria, Africa.
  • Sphaerium victoriae Smith, 1906 - five synonyms - Distribution: Upper Nile Great Lakes, Africa.
" 22700844,Lipaugus fuscocinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,fuscocinereus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 184559,Tomichia kivuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Tomichia,kivuensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1974","Three Tomichia species are recorded in Central Africa, but these are of uncertain generic position (Brown 1994)." 22700883,Cotinga cotinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cotinga,cotinga,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22700919,Haematoderus militaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Haematoderus,militaris,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)", 22701077,Chiroxiphia pareola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Chiroxiphia,pareola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22701165,Heterocercus aurantiivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Heterocercus,aurantiivertex,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1880", 22701169,Heterocercus linteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Heterocercus,linteatus,,,,,"(Strickland, 1850)", 22701229,Hypoedaleus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypoedaleus,guttatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22701364,Clytoctantes atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Clytoctantes,atrogularis,,,,,"Lanyon, Stotz & Willard, 1990", 22701407,Dysithamnus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Chapman, 1923)", 22701484,Epinecrophylla spodionota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,spodionota,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1880", 22680620,Indicator archipelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,archipelagicus,,,,,"Temminck, 1832", 22689591,Batrachostomus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,auritus,,,,,"(Gray, 1829)", 22726899,Cittura sanghirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Cittura,sanghirensis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1868","

Cittura cyanotis and C. sanghirensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cyanotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22681649,Psilopogon henricii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,henricii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1831)",Psilopogon henricii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681616,Psilopogon rafflesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,rafflesii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)",Psilopogon rafflesii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22701563,Herpsilochmus sticturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,sticturus,,,,,"Salvin, 1885", 22701611,Formicivora rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,rufa,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22701623,Drymophila ochropyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,ochropyga,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1906)", 22701640,Drymophila squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,squamata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22701666,Cercomacra brasiliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacra,brasiliana,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1905", 22701680,Cercomacroides serva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacroides,serva,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)",

Cercomacroides serva (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cercomacra serva.

22701689,Cercomacra manu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacra,manu,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Willard, 1990", 22701734,Hypocnemis hypoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,hypoxantha,,,,,"Sclater, 1869", 22701922,Hylophylax punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hylophylax,punctulatus,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1856)", 22701997,Geositta isabellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,isabellina,,,,,"(Philippi & Landbeck, 1864)", 22702131,Furnarius figulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,figulus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 60543526,Phapitreron maculipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,maculipectus,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Phapitreron amethystinus, P. maculipectus and P. frontalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. amethystinus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22702192,Leptasthenura andicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,andicola,,,,,"Sclater, 1870", 22702411,Cranioleuca antisiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,antisiensis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22702423,Cranioleuca demissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,demissa,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1884)", 22702487,Asthenes pyrrholeuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,pyrrholeuca,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22702494,Asthenes pudibunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,pudibunda,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22702575,Asthenes virgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,virgata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22702579,Asthenes maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,maculicauda,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)", 22702582,Asthenes hudsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,hudsoni,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22702981,Heliobletus contaminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Heliobletus,contaminatus,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1885", 22703007,Dendrocincla tyrannina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocincla,tyrannina,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1851)", 22703032,Certhiasomus stictolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Certhiasomus,stictolaemus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22703046,Drymornis bridgesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Drymornis,bridgesii,,,,,"(Eyton, 1849)", 22726297,Treron aromaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,aromaticus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Treron pompadora, T. affinis, T. chloropterus, T. phayrei, T. axillaris and T. aromaticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. pompadora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22716112,Spelaeornis caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,caudatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 22693836,Charadrius peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,peronii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1865", 22703092,Dendrocolaptes platyrostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocolaptes,platyrostris,,,,,"Spix, 1824", 22703103,Dendroplex kienerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendroplex,kienerii,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1934)", 22703155,Lepidocolaptes angustirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,angustirostris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22703177,Drymotoxeres pucheranii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Drymotoxeres,pucheranii,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1849)",

Drymotoxeres pucheranii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Drymotoxeres pucherani.

 

22703218,Chamaeza turdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Chamaeza,turdina,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1859)", 22703221,Chamaeza meruloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Chamaeza,meruloides,,,,,"Vigors, 1825", 22703228,Chamaeza mollissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Chamaeza,mollissima,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22703246,Grallaria varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,varia,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 56875,Eleutherodactylus portoricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,portoricensis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1927","Due to the taxonomic confusion of this species and E. coqui, some lowland records of this species are thought to belong to E. coqui and are therefore excluded from this assessment (Puerto Rico Red List Assessment). Furthermore, all historical specimens from the Cordillera Central (up to Maricao) and any references to the extirpation of these subpopulations should be re-evaluated. Initial evidence based on morphology, osteology, bioacoustics, and ecology, reveals that records of E. portoricensis in this region may actually correspond to a presumable subspecies of E. coqui (Ríos-López et al. in prep.)." 22709156,Cyornis umbratilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,umbratilis,,,,,"(Strickland, 1849)",

Cyornis umbratilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias umbratilis.

22716693,Laniellus albonotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Laniellus,albonotatus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)",

Laniellus albonotatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Crocias albonotatus.

22686543,Aerodramus vulcanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,vulcanorum,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1926)",Aerodramus vulcanorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22691127,Treron fulvicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,fulvicollis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22703259,Grallaria haplonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,haplonota,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22703262,Grallaria dignissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,dignissima,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)", 22703292,Grallaria rufocinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,rufocinerea,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1879", 22703296,Grallaria nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,nuchalis,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22703311,Grallaria przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,przewalskii,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1882", 22703327,Grallaria blakei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,blakei,,,,,"Graves, 1987", 22703362,Grallaricula flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,flavirostris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22703392,Grallaricula cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,cucullata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)", 22703580,Climacteris melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CLIMACTERIDAE,Climacteris,melanurus,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22685434,Palaeornis eupatria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Palaeornis,eupatria,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Palaeornis eupatria (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula eupatria (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established or resurrected including Palaeornis for P. eupatria and P. wardi." 22704447,Anthornis melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Anthornis,melanura,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1786)", 22704475,Epthianura tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Epthianura,tricolor,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22704487,Ashbyia lovensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ashbyia,lovensis,,,,,"(Ashby, 1911)", 22704523,Crateroscelis murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Crateroscelis,murina,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22704705,Gerygone sulphurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,sulphurea,,,,,"Wallace, 1864", 22704761,Amalocichla incerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Amalocichla,incerta,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22705001,Lanius collurio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,collurio,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22708819,Turdus iliacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,iliacus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22696317,Neohierax insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Neohierax,insignis,,,,,"(Walden, 1872)","Previously placed in Polihierax (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) but merits separate genus on basis of different syringeal morphology (Griffiths 1994), by habit of nesting in tree holes made by other birds (rather than in cavities in nest structure of others) (Kemp & Vidhidharm 1998) and phylogeny (Fuchs et al. 2015). Racial variation slight; validity of subspecies requires reassessment. Three subspecies currently recognized." 22734767,Rhynchostruthus percivali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Rhynchostruthus,percivali,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1900", 111005227,Progomphus auropictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,auropictus,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 111005263,Progomphus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,australis,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 111005284,Progomphus belyshevi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,belyshevi,,,,,"Belle, 1991", 111005295,Progomphus lambertoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,lambertoi,,,,,"Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2007", 111005712,Tibiagomphus noval,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Tibiagomphus,noval,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1985)", 111006202,Archilestes tuberalatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,tuberalatus,,,,,"(Williamson, 1921)", 111006265,Brechmorhoga latialata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,latialata,,,,,"González, 1999", 111006293,Macrothemis ultima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,ultima,,,,,"González, 1992", 111006356,Nephepeltia flavipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nephepeltia,flavipennis,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2014", 111006385,Oligoclada haywardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,haywardi,,,,,"Fraser, 1947", 111006459,Oligoclada rubribasalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,rubribasalis,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 111006503,Heteragrion archon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,archon,,,,,"De Marmels, 2008", 111006521,Heteragrion palmichale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,palmichale,,,,,"Hartung, 2002", 111006591,Paraphlebia hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,THAUMATONEURIDAE,Paraphlebia,hyalina,,,,,"Brauer, 1871",According to Djikstra et al. (2013) Paraphlebia is part of the family Thaumatoneuridae as sister group of the Central American genus Thaumatoneura. 111006630,Philogenia ferox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,ferox,,,,,"Rácenis, 1959", 111006655,Philogenia nemesioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,nemesioi,,,,,"Machadoi, 2013", 111006669,Palaemnema paulicaxa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,paulicaxa,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 111006683,Chalcopteryx radians,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Chalcopteryx,radians,,,,,"Ris, 1914", 111006704,Gomphomacromia nodisticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Gomphomacromia,nodisticta,,,,,"Ris, 1928", 111006731,Gomphomacromia paradoxa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Gomphomacromia,paradoxa,,,,,"Brauer, 1864", 111006800,Philogenia polyxena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,polyxena,,,,,"Calvert, 1924", 111007166,Orthemis ambinigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,ambinigra,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 104176764,Brevitrygon walga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Brevitrygon,walga,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Last et al. (2016a) placed Himantura heterurus, H. imbricata, H. javaensis, and H. walga within the new genus Brevitrygon, previously confused with other dwarf whiprays (Brevitrygon species) (Last et al. 2016b). There remains considerable taxonomic confusion over 'B. walga' with different forms across its range. These may turn out to represent a series of different species." 22689997,Caprimulgus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,pulchellus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879", 22691341,Ramphiculus jambu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,jambu,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Ramphiculus jambu (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus. 22705855,Crypsirina temia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Crypsirina,temia,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22690122,Columba junoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,junoniae,,,,,"Hartert, 1916", 22688656,Otus mantananensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,mantananensis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)", 22693949,Vanellus vanellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,vanellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22706091,Loboparadisea sericea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CNEMOPHILIDAE,Loboparadisea,sericea,,,,,"Rothschild, 1896", 22706327,Artamus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,cinereus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22706499,Coracina caeruleogrisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,caeruleogrisea,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)", 22706672,Lalage moesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,moesta,,,,,"Sclater, 1883", 22706970,Dicrurus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,annectens,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)",Dicrurus annectens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Dicrurus annectans.
 22706984,Dicrurus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,sumatranus,,,,,"Ramsay, 1880", 22706996,Dicrurus bracteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,bracteatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1842)", 22707617,Laniarius fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,fuelleborni,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1900)", 22708169,Cinclus schulzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLIDAE,Cinclus,schulzii,,,,,"Cabanis, 1882",

Cinclus schulzii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as C. schulzi.


22709394,Ficedula disposita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,disposita,,,,,"(Ripley & Marshall, 1967)", 22709514,Cyornis hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,hainanus,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1900)", 22709519,Cyornis pallidipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,pallidipes,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1840)",

Cyornis pallidipes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cyornis pallipes.

22709566,Cyornis turcosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,turcosus,,,,,"Brüggemann, 1877", 22709586,Cyornis omissus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,omissus,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)", 22709655,Sheppardia gabela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,gabela,,,,,"(Rand, 1957)", 22709809,Sheppardia polioptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,polioptera,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)",

Sheppardia polioptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cossypha polioptera.

22710034,Phoenicurus erythronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,erythronotus,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1841)", 22710108,Hodgsonius phaenicuroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Hodgsonius,phaenicuroides,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22710218,Saxicola ferreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,ferreus,,,,,"Gray, 1846", 22710562,Aplonis mystacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,mystacea,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)", 22710619,Onychognathus frater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,frater,,,,,"(Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881)", 22710921,Acridotheres tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,tristis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22710943,Acridotheres albocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,albocinctus,,,,,"Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875", 22710949,Ampeliceps coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Ampeliceps,coronatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1842", 22711370,Cistothorus meridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cistothorus,meridae,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1907", 22711532,Henicorhina leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Henicorhina,leucoptera,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, Terborgh & Willard, 1977", 22711978,Baeolophus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Baeolophus,inornatus,,,,,"(Gambel, 1845)", 22712024,Aegithalos fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)", 22712230,Ptyonoprogne obsoleta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Ptyonoprogne,obsoleta,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)",

Ptyonoprogne obsoleta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo obsoleta.

22712278,Hirundo albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,albigularis,,,,,"Strickland, 1849", 22712350,Cecropis abyssinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Cecropis,abyssinica,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)",

Cecropis abyssinica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo abyssinica.

 

22712760,Arizelocichla masukuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,masukuensis,,,,,"(Shelley, 1897)",

Arizelocichla masukuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus masukuensis.

22713164,Iole viridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Iole,viridescens,,,,,"Blyth, 1845",

Iole viridescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as I. virescens.

22713491,Cisticola juncidis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,juncidis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)", 22713524,Cisticola eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,eximius,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1869)", 22714380,Horornis diphone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,diphone,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)",

Horornis diphone (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia diphone.

22714408,Horornis fortipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,fortipes,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)",

Horornis fortipes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia fortipes.

22714445,Cettia cetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Cettia,cetti,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22714523,Locustella major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,major,,,,,"(Brooks, 1872)",

Locustella major (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus major.

22714641,Achaetops pycnopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Achaetops,pycnopygius,,,,,"(Sclater, 1852)", 22714654,Locustella lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,lanceolata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)", 22714674,Helopsaltes pleskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Helopsaltes,pleskei,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1889","As part of their overhaul of the Locustellidae (see below) Alström et al. (2018) introduced the generic name Helopsaltes to cover the monophyletic group of Locustella warbler species ochotensis, pleskei, certhiola, pryeri, fasciolata and amnicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). They found no morphological diagnostic characters, but identified a clear difference in voice.Has been considered conspecific with either or both of H. certhiola and H. ochotensis, but differs in voice, morphology and ecology. Molecular data reveal intraspecific structure among populations assigned to present species, while simultaneously suggesting that H. ochotensis shows remarkably little divergence (Drovetski et al. 2004, Drovetski et al. 2015). Monotypic." 22714679,Locustella fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Wolf, 1810)", 22714709,Acrocephalus bistrigiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,bistrigiceps,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1860", 22714714,Acrocephalus agricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,agricola,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1845)", 22710177,Saxicola dacotiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,dacotiae,,,,,"(Meade-Waldo, 1889)", 22714719,Acrocephalus concinens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,concinens,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)", 22714736,Acrocephalus dumetorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,dumetorum,,,,,"Blyth, 1849", 22714763,Acrocephalus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,australis,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22714891,Iduna caligata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Iduna,caligata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)",

Iduna caligata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hippolais caligata.

22714916,Hippolais icterina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Hippolais,icterina,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22714976,Phyllergates cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Phyllergates,cucullatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)",

Phyllergates cucullatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Orthotomus cucullatus.

22715514,Cincloramphus mathewsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Cincloramphus,mathewsi,,,,,"Iredale, 1911", 22715559,Schoenicola striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Schoenicola,striatus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1841)",Previously placed in monotypic Chaetornis (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but moved to Schoenicola following Alström et al. (2018). Monotypic. 22715682,Ianthocincla ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,ocellata,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)","Previously listed as Garrulax ocellatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). See comments under I. maxima. Subspecies maculipectus previously listed under older name similis; with inclusion of present species and Trochalopteron variegatum simile in genus Garrulax, name similis became preoccupied, and was replaced by maculipectus; this made the name similis permanently invalid for the taxon now known as maculipectus, even though herein the two forms are not treated as congeneric. Four subspecies recognized." 22715729,Trochalopteron austeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,austeni,,,,,"Godwin-Austen, 1870",

Trochalopteron austeni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax austeni.

22715738,Trochalopteron elliotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,elliotii,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)",

Trochalopteron elliotii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax elliotii.

22715744,Trochalopteron henrici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,henrici,,,,,"Oustalet, 1892",

Trochalopteron henrici (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax henrici.

22716286,Dumetia hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Dumetia,hyperythra,,,,,"(Franklin, 1831)", 22716522,Leiothrix lutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Leiothrix,lutea,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22716585,Lioparus chrysotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Lioparus,chrysotis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)","

The genus Lioparus has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Lioparus chrysotis was previously listed as Alcippe chrysotis.
Races form three groups: “chrysotis group”, with greyish crown and throat and no or vestigial pale coronal stripe; “swinhoii group”, with bold white coronal stripe and blackish crown and throat; and single-taxon “robsoni group”, with yellow throat, yellow-tinged area around eye, olive-tinged crown and ear-coverts, more strongly orange wingpanel formed by edges of secondaries, and possibly smaller size. Study to check species limits needed, although vocal differences not apparent. Birds reported from C Yunnan (N Ailao Shan), in S China, have not been assigned to subspecies. Six subspecies recognized.

" 22716624,Schoeniparus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Schoeniparus,brunneus,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)",

Schoeniparus brunneus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe brunnea.

22716630,Alcippe brunneicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALCIPPEIDAE,Alcippe,brunneicauda,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)","Following Cai et al. (2019), all members of genus Alcippe now moved to their own family Alcippeidae. Several subspecies proposed, but only eriphaea (Borneo) currently accepted, primarily on basis of vocal differences (Eaton et al. 2016). Two subspecies recognized." 22716633,Alcippe poioicephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALCIPPEIDAE,Alcippe,poioicephala,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1844)","Following Cai et al. (2019), all members of genus Alcippe now moved to their own family Alcippeidae. Has elsewhere been considered conspecific with A. pyrrhoptera. Subspecies in peninsular India (nominate and brucei), with somewhat different songs from those of other subspecies (Boesman 2016), considered possibly to represent a separate species, but plumage distinctions weak. Eight subspecies recognized." 22716636,Alcippe pyrrhoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALCIPPEIDAE,Alcippe,pyrrhoptera,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","Following Cai et al. (2019), all members of genus Alcippe now moved to their own family Alcippeidae. Has elsewhere been treated as a subspecies of A. poioicephala. Monotypic." 22716690,Laniellus langbianis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Laniellus,langbianis,,,,,"(Gyldenstolpe, 1939)",

Laniellus langbianis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Crocias langbianis.

22717340,Alaudala somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alaudala,somalica,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1895)",

Alaudala somalica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Calandrella somalica.

22717387,Galerida theklae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Galerida,theklae,,,,,"(Brehm, 1858)", 22717391,Galerida malabarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Galerida,malabarica,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22718611,Anthus nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,nattereri,,,,,"Sclater, 1878", 22718975,Ploceus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,rubiginosus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840", 22719604,Estrilda erythronotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,erythronotos,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22719703,Erythrura viridifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,viridifacies,,,,,"Hachisuka & Delacour, 1937", 22719890,Lonchura stygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,stygia,,,,,"Stresemann, 1924", 22720062,Carduelis citrinella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carduelis,citrinella,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22720354,Spinus spinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,spinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Spinus spinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720438,Linaria flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Linaria,flavirostris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Linaria flavirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720556,Carpodacus erythrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,erythrinus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)", 22720646,Loxia curvirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxia,curvirostra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22720681,Coccothraustes coccothraustes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Coccothraustes,coccothraustes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720881,Emberiza leucocephalos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,leucocephalos,,,,,"Gmelin, 1771", 22720891,Emberiza koslowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,koslowi,,,,,"Bianchi, 1904", 22720894,Emberiza cia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,cia,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22720909,Emberiza buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,buchanani,,,,,"Blyth, 1844", 22720916,Emberiza hortulana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,hortulana,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22720954,Emberiza pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,pusilla,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22720993,Emberiza bruniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,bruniceps,,,,,"Brandt, 1841", 22721033,Calcarius lapponicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALCARIIDAE,Calcarius,lapponicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22724505,Hylopezus macularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,macularius,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22724510,Acrobatornis fonsecai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Acrobatornis,fonsecai,,,,,"Pacheco, Whitney & Gonzaga, 1996", 22724618,Cercomacroides parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacroides,parkeri,,,,,"(Graves, 1997)",

Cercomacroides parkeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cercomacra parkeri.

 

22724986,Grallaricula nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,nana,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1842)", 22728552,Lagonosticta sanguinodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,sanguinodorsalis,,,,,"Payne, 1998", 22728944,Loxia leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxia,leucoptera,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22729474,Herpsilochmus pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,pileatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22726309,Trichoglossus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,weberi,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1894","

Trichoglossus haematodus, T. forsteni, T. capistratus, T. weberi, T. rubritorquis, T. moluccanus and T. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. haematodus following Christidis and Boles (1994), and before then were split as T. haematodus and T. rubritorquis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22729480,Ianthocincla konkakinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,konkakinhensis,,,,,"(Eames & Eames, 2001)",Previously listed as Garrulax konkakinhensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Monotypic. 22729538,Carduelis corsicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carduelis,corsicana,,,,,"(Koenig, 1899)", 22731403,Lagonosticta rubricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,rubricata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Lagonosticta rubricata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split as L. rubricata and L. landanae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22733748,Lepidocolaptes falcinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,falcinellus,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1859)", 22733826,Hemitriccus zosterops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,zosterops,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22734189,Locustella mandelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,mandelli,,,,,"(W.E. Brooks, 1875)",

Locustella mandelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus mandelli.

22734413,Curruca deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,deserti,,,,,"(Loche, 1858)","

Previously placed in Sylvia but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered conspecific with C. nana (AERC TAC 2003, Cramp et al. 1977-1994, Dowsett and Forbes-Watson 1993, Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), but differs in its sandier-rufous (less greyish) crown to back (2); greatly reduced blackish centres of inner tertials and central rectrices (2); whiter underparts (1); slightly longer bill (effect size 1.58, score 1); but slightly shorter wing, indicating non-migratory habit (effect size –1.48, score 1). Claims of “very different” voices (Shirihai et al. 2001) (apparently responsible for near-universal acceptance of split) could not, however, be confirmed in independent analysis of available recordings (Boesman 2016), although low level of divergence may exist. Form described as ticehursti on basis of single specimen from S Morocco (near Ouarzazate), and treated either as separate species or as subspecies of C. deserticola, is probably aberrant individual of subspecies maroccana of latter (which it resembles in general structure and in tail and tertial patterns), or hybrid between it and present species (which it resembles in having pale sandy-brown upperparts). Monotypic.

" 22734483,Trochalopteron chrysopterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,chrysopterum,,,,,"(Gould, 1835)",

Trochalopteron chrysopterum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax chrysopterus.

22734593,Fulvetta danisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,danisi,,,,,"(Delacour & Greenway, 1941)",

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta danisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe danisi. Formerly treated as conspecific with F. ruficapilla (see related note/s). Two subspecies recognized.

22734598,Fulvetta manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,manipurensis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)",

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta manipurensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe manipurensis. Formerly treated as conspecific with F. cinereiceps and F. formosana. Two subspecies recognized.

22735060,Certhia familiaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,familiaris,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22735117,Trochalopteron erythrocephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,erythrocephalum,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)",

Trochalopteron erythrocephalum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax erythrocephalus.

22735889,Horornis acanthizoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,acanthizoides,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1871)",

Horornis acanthizoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia acanthizoides.

22735914,Formicivora grantsaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,grantsaui,,,,,"Gonzaga, Carvalhaes & Buzzetti, 2007", 22736215,Cinclodes fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,fuscus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22736220,Cinclodes albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,albiventris,,,,,"(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)", 103658606,Cercomacroides nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacroides,nigrescens,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1859)","Cercomacroides nigrescens and C. fuscicauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Cercomacra nigrescens following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103756772,Niltava vivida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Niltava,vivida,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1864)","

Niltava vivida and N. oatesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. vivida following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103758039,Cyanoptila cyanomelana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyanoptila,cyanomelana,,,,,"(Temminck, 1829)","

Cyanoptila cyanomelana and C. cumatilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cyanomelana following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103758482,Eumyias indigo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Eumyias,indigo,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Eumyias indigo and E. ruficrissa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. indigo following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103761332,Cyornis oscillans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,oscillans,,,,,"(Hartert, 1897)","

Cyornis oscillans and C. stresemanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Rhinomyias oscillans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103761568,Cyornis herioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,herioti,,,,,"Ramsay, 1886","

Cyornis herioti and C. camarienensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. herioti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103761678,Cyornis tickelliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,tickelliae,,,,,"Blyth, 1843","

Cyornis tickelliae and C. sumatrensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. tickelliae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103761856,Crithagra reichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,reichardi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1882)","Crithagra reichardi and C. striatipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Serinus and lumped as S. reichardi following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103761873,Cyornis rubeculoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,rubeculoides,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)","

Cyornis rubeculoides and C. glaucicomans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rubeculoides following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103762537,Dessonornis macclounii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Dessonornis,macclounii,,,,,"(Shelley, 1903)","Dessonornis anomalus, D. macclounii and D. mbuluensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Cossypha anomala following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103762543,Dessonornis mbuluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Dessonornis,mbuluensis,,,,,"(Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1937)","

Dessonornis anomalus, D. macclounii and D. mbuluensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Cossypha anomala following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103766783,Sheppardia bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,bocagei,,,,,"(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870)",

Sheppardia bocagei and S. poensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. bocagei following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

103767606,Larvivora akahige,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,akahige,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)","

Larvivora akahige and L. tanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Erithacus and lumped as E. akahige following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103767667,Larvivora komadori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,komadori,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)","

Larvivora komadori and L. namiyei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Erithacus and lumped as E. komadori following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103768823,Myiomela leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myiomela,leucura,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)","

Myiomela leucura and M. cambodiana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Cinclidium and lumped as C. leucurum following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22690609,Turacoena modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turacoena,modesta,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 103769227,Ficedula narcissina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,narcissina,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)","

Ficedula narcissina, F. elisae and F. owstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. narcissina following AOU (1998 and supplements); Christidis and Boles (2008); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103769540,Ficedula hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,hyperythra,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)","

Ficedula hyperythra and F. luzoniensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. hyperythra following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103771653,Ficedula dumetoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,dumetoria,,,,,"(Wallace, 1864)","

Ficedula dumetoria and F. riedeli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. dumetoria following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103774053,Oenanthe bottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,bottae,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)","

Oenanthe bottae and O. frenata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. bottae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103776016,Dicaeum anthonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,anthonyi,,,,,"(McGregor, 1914)","

Dicaeum anthonyi and D. kampalili (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. anthonyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103776050,Dicaeum kampalili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,kampalili,,,,,"Manuel & Gilliard, 1953","

Dicaeum anthonyi and D. kampalili (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. anthonyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103779235,Calamonastides gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Calamonastides,gracilirostris,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1906)","

Calamonastides gracilirostris and C. bensoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Chloropeta gracilirostris following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103814997,Coccopygia melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Coccopygia,melanotis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)","

Coccopygia melanotis, C. bocagei and C. quartinia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Estrilda and lumped as C. melanotis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103819582,Montifringilla nivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Montifringilla,nivalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Montifringilla nivalis and M. henrici (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. nivalis following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103828426,Himatione sanguinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Himatione,sanguinea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Himatione sanguinea and H. fraithii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. sanguinea following AOU (1998 and supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103866279,Heinrichia calligyna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Heinrichia,calligyna,,,,,"Stresemann, 1931","

Heinrichia calligyna and H. simplex (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. calligyna following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103868399,Euphonia musica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,musica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Euphonia musica, E. sclateri and E. flavifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. musica following AOU (1998 and supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103874076,Montecincla cachinnans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Montecincla,cachinnans,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)","

Trochalopteron fairbanki, T. meridionale, T. jerdoni and T. cachinnans have been moved to the new genus Montecincla after they were found to be sister to a clade composed of Heterophasia, Minla, Actinodura, Leiothrix, Liocichla and Crocias (Robin et al. 2017). They have also received new common names, and are listed as Palani Chilappan Montecincla fairbanki, Ashambu Chilappan M. meridionalis, Banasura Chilappan M. jerdoni and Nilgiri Chilappan M. cachinnans.

T. fairbanki and T. meridionale (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Strophocincla fairbanki following Rasmussen and Anderton (2005).

" 103880904,Cichlopsis peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cichlopsis,peruviana,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1930","

Cichlopsis leucogenys, C. chubbi, C. peruviana and C. gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. leucogenys following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103881133,Cichlopsis chubbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cichlopsis,chubbi,,,,,"Chapman, 1924","

Cichlopsis leucogenys, C. chubbi, C. peruviana and C. gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. leucogenys following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103889573,Zosterops pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,pallidus,,,,,"Swainson, 1838","

Zosterops pallidus and Z. virens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. pallidus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103889606,Zosterops virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,virens,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850","

Zosterops pallidus and Z. virens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. pallidus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103894037,Copsychus albospecularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Copsychus,albospecularis,,,,,"(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)","

Copsychus albospecularis and C. pica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. albospecularis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103894700,Kittacincla luzoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Kittacincla,luzoniensis,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1832)","

Kittacincla luzoniensis and K. superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Copsychus luzoniensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 104317670,Acrocephalus arundinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,arundinaceus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1847)","

Acrocephalus arundinaceus and A. orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. arundinaceus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 105295705,Horornis flavolivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,flavolivaceus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)","

Cettia flavolivacea and C. vulcania (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into Horornis flavolivaceus following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 105968299,Lonchura hunsteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,hunsteini,,,,,"(Finsch, 1886)","

Lonchura hunsteini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split as L. hunsteini and L. nigerrima following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 105968860,Spermestes bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Spermestes,bicolor,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)","Spermestes bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Lonchura and was previously split as L. bicolor and L. nigriceps following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 105991992,Dicaeum agile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,agile,,,,,"(Tickell, 1833)","

Dicaeum agile (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split as D. agile and D. aeruginosum following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 106005777,Lamprotornis chloropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,chloropterus,,,,,"Swainson, 1838","

Lamprotornis chloropterus and L. elisabeth (see Dowsett and Forbes-Watson [1993]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped together into L. chloropterus following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 106022210,Erythrura cyaneovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,cyaneovirens,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)","

Erythrura cyaneovirens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split as E. cyaneovirens and E. regia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)

" 22722388,Maschalethraupis surinama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Maschalethraupis,surinama,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22713796,Apalis porphyrolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,porphyrolaema,,,,,"Reichenow & Neumann, 1895",

Apalis porphyrolaema and A. kaboboensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. porphyrolaema following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22700736,Carpornis melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Carpornis,melanocephala,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22718392,Motacilla cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,cinerea,,,,,"Tunstall, 1771", 22693158,Limosa lapponica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Limosa,lapponica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 111223706,Gehyra einasleighensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,einasleighensis,,,,,"Bourke, Pratt, Vanderduys & Moritz, 2017", 22728387,Acrocephalus tangorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,tangorum,,,,,"La Touche, 1912", 22728413,Apalis flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,flavigularis,,,,,"Shelley, 1893", 22698707,Smithornis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOMENIDAE,Smithornis,capensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1840)", 22735379,Sitta arctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,arctica,,,,,"Buturlin, 1907","

Sitta europaea and S. arctica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. europaea following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22711026,Mimus polyglottos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,polyglottos,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103812643,Cecropis daurica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Cecropis,daurica,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1771",

Cecropis daurica and C. hyperythra (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hirundo daurica (BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group).

 

22707240,Monarcha frater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Monarcha,frater,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22720098,Crithagra hyposticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,hyposticta,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1904)","

Crithagra hyposticta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. hypostictus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22716963,Curruca melanothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,melanothorax,,,,,"(Tristram, 1872)",Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Monotypic. 103886826,Troglodytes aedon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,aedon,,,,,"Vieillot, 1809",

Troglodytes aedon and T. beani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. aedon following Woods (1993).

22732909,Ninox burhani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,burhani,,,,,"Indrawan & Somadikarta, 2004", 22684306,Centropus unirufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,unirufus,,,,,"Cabanis & Heine, 1863", 22681478,Picus rabieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,rabieri,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1898)", 111351487,Lynchius oblitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Lynchius,oblitus,,,,,"Motta, Chaparro, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva & Padial, 2016", 111351516,Lynchius tabaconas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Lynchius,tabaconas,,,,,"Motta, Chaparro, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva & Padial, 2016 ", 111351611,Tepuihyla shushupe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,shushupe,,,,,"Ron, Venegas, Ortega-Andrade, Gagliardi-Urrutia & Salerno, 2016", 56489,Pristimantis nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,nebulosus,,,,,"(Henle, 1992)","Eleutherodactylus nebulosus Henle, 1992 was discovered to be a junior homonym of Syrrhophus nebulosus Taylor, 1943, hence Eleutherodactylus caliginosus Lynch, 1996 was published as a replacement name. The species is now treated under the genus Pristimantis, so its original specific name of nebulosus has been restored. Duellman and Lehr (2009) suggested that because the holotype is in poor condition that association with a living population is problematic." 22685486,Himalayapsitta roseata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Himalayapsitta,roseata,,,,,"(Biswas, 1951)","Himalayapsitta roseata (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula roseata (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Himalayapsitta for P. finschii, P. himalayana, P. roseata and P. cyanocephala." 22735351,Laticilla cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Laticilla,cinerascens,,,,,"(Walden, 1874)","

Laticilla burnesii and L. cinerascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Prinia burnesii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735835,Laticilla burnesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Laticilla,burnesii,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)","

Laticilla burnesii and L. cinerascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Prinia burnesii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22685505,Psittacula alexandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacula,alexandri,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685473,Himalayapsitta finschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Himalayapsitta,finschii,,,,,"(Hume, 1874)","Himalayapsitta finschii (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula finschii (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Himalayapsitta for P. finschii, P. himalayana, P. roseata and P. cyanocephala." 51269349,Melanoplus spretus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Melanoplus,spretus,,,,,"(Walsh, 1866)", 196885,Afroedura africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,africana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)",The relationship between the three subspecies of Afroedura africana was investigated using molecular techniques by Jacobsen et al. (2014) and all the former subspecies are now recognized as full species. 103727176,Pica hudsonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Pica,hudsonia,,,,,"(Sabine, 1823)","

Pica pica, P. mauritanica, P. asirensis and P. hudsonia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pica following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Christidis and Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22715107,Sylvietta chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,chapini,,,,,"Schouteden, 1947", 103774747,Camaroptera harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Camaroptera,harterti,,,,,"von Zedlitz, 1911",

Camaroptera brachyura and C. harterti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. brachyura following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

103711132,Dicrurus lophorinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,lophorinus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817","Dicrurus paradiseus and D. lophorinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. paradiseus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22698585,Xenicus gilviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHISITTIDAE,Xenicus,gilviventris,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1867", 22720613,Carpodacus puniceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,puniceus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 176271,Amblyodipsas microphthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,microphthalma,,,,,"(Bianconi, 1852)","Amblyodipsas microphthalma nigra was originally considered to be a melanistic form of Amblyodipsas microphthalma (e.g. FitzSimons 1962; Pienaar 1966; Pienaar et al. 1978; Broadley 1971, 1983), until Jacobsen (1986) described it as a subspecies. A phylogenetic assessment should be made of the relationship between A. m. micropthalma and A. m. nigra.


" 22693150,Limosa limosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Limosa,limosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22716844,Paradoxornis heudei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,heudei,,,,,"David, 1872","The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). 
Has been suggested that subspecies polivanovi merits species status, but considered by some authors to represent one end of a geographical cline (Yeung et al. 2011); Mongolian birds proposed as separate subspecies, mongolicus, but differences from polivanovi minimal (slightly purer grey mantle lacking dark streaks, slightly darker back, rump and breast sides, slightly smaller size) and may involve minor clinal variation; in both cases, separation was based largely on presumed “huge” gap between N & S forms, but several populations since found in intervening areas and likely that species will prove to have more continuous range. Populations of this species in coastal Tianjin Municipality (N & S Hebei) and coastal Liaoning, in E China, presumed to belong to nominate subspecies. Two subspecies currently recognized." 22688425,Corythaeola cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Corythaeola,cristata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22705888,Podoces biddulphi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Podoces,biddulphi,,,,,"Hume, 1874", 22707451,Nilaus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Nilaus,afer,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22678736,Peliperdix coqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Peliperdix,coqui,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)",Peliperdix coqui (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22686788,Tachymarptis aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Tachymarptis,aequatorialis,,,,,"(von Müller, 1851)", 22683866,Cuculus clamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,clamosus,,,,,"Latham, 1801", 111679568,Hylomyscus kerbispeterhansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,kerbispeterhansi,,,,,"Demos, Agwanda & Hickerson, 2014","Hylomyscus kerbispeterhansi was recently described as the 3rd member of the 4 species H. anselli group within the H. denniae complex, and is sister to H. anselli, and possibly, H. heinrichorum (Demos et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2015; Carleton et al. 2015). In the western Mau, H. kerbispeterhansi is sympatric with H. endorobae where their ranges overlap." 111653543,Hylomyscus heinrichorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,heinrichorum,,,,,"Carleton, Banasiak & Stanley, 2015","Hylomyscus heinrichorum is part of the Hylomyscus anselli group, which includes H. anselli, H. arcimontensis, and H. kerbispeterhansi (Carleton et al. 2015). This species is one of many newly described taxa within the genus Hylomyscus, which has doubled in size in the last 12 years to 16 species (Carleton et al. 2015)." 111679859,Hylomyscus endorobae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,endorobae,,,,,"(Heller, 1910)","

This species is included in the Hylomyscus denniae species group and is a member of a polytomy that includes H. denniae and H. vulcanorum (Demos et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2015). In the centre of its range in the Mau Escarpment, H. endorobae is sympatric with H. kerbispeterhansi where pronounced disparity in population densities at two sites are suggestive of interspecific competition (Demos et al. 2014a).

" 111679876,Hylomyscus vulcanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,vulcanorum,,,,,"Lönnberg & Gyldenstolpe, 1925","

This species is included in the Hylomyscus denniae species group and is a member of a polytomy that includes H. denniae and H. vulcanorum (Demos et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2015). 

" 22696138,Aquila africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,africana,,,,,"(Cassin, 1865)",Aquila africana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. africanus.

 22680937,Campethera nivosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,nivosa,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22693536,Microparra capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Microparra,capensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1839)", 22684021,Chrysococcyx cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chrysococcyx,cupreus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1792)", 22719344,Pytilia melba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pytilia,melba,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22712924,Phyllastrephus baumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,baumanni,,,,,"Reichenow, 1895", 22684260,Centropus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,leucogaster,,,,,"(Leach, 1814)", 103818583,Vidua orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,orientalis,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1870)","

Vidua interjecta and V. orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as V. interjecta following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22680634,Indicator willcocksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,willcocksi,,,,,"Alexander, 1901", 22680919,Campethera cailliautii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,cailliautii,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1849)", 22680914,Campethera maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,maculosa,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1826)", 111739377,Crocidura fingui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,fingui,,,,,"Ceríaco, Marques, Jacquet, Nicolas, Colyn, Denys, Sardinha & Bastos-Silveira, 2015","Based on mitochondrial data, C. fingui forms a well-supported monophyletic clade belonging to the C. poensis complex (Ceríaco et al. 2015). The C. fingui clade is sister to all C. poensis from mainland Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon and Republic of Congo) (Ceríaco et al. 2015). Morphological and phylogenetic analyses combined with high rate of endemism on both islands, supports C. fingui representing a distinct species of Crocidurinae shrew (Ceríaco et al. 2015)." 22692232,Sarothrura boehmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,boehmi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1900", 22697669,Ciconia nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,nigra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694764,Chlidonias hybrida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Chlidonias,hybrida,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22709696,Luscinia megarhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Luscinia,megarhynchos,,,,,"(Brehm, 1831)", 111764928,Crocidura eburnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,eburnea,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1958","Crocidura eburnea was initially described as a sub-species of C. bottegi Thomas, 1898 (Heim de Balsac, 1958). It is now known to be part of the C. obscurior complex which is composed of two cryptic and sympatric species, C. obscurior and C. eburnea (Jacquet et al. 2014). C. eburnea and C. obscurior are sibling species, with diagnostic characters only being defined based on skull shape and mitochondrial nucleotide sequences (Jacquet et al. 2014). Crocidura obscurior is the only species present in eastern Côte d’Ivoire and in Ghana, but it is sympatric with C. eburnea in south-eastern Guinea, eastern Liberia and south-western Côte d’Ivoire (Jacquet et al. 2014). The C. obscurior complex forms a clade with the Afrotropical species C. luna as well as the Eurasian species C. leucodon, C. zimmermanni, C. elongata, C. sicula, C. musseri, C. levicula, C. rhoditis and C. nigripes, (Dubey et al. 2008, Jacquet et al. 2014)." 111765432,Crocidura gathornei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,gathornei,,,,,"Jenkins, 2013", 22678661,Tetraogallus caucasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetraogallus,caucasicus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 9129,Gerbillus hoogstraali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,hoogstraali,,,,,"Lay, 1975", 22708564,Myadestes woahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,woahensis,,,,,"(Wilson & Evans, 1899)", 22704329,Moho apicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOIDAE,Moho,apicalis,,,,,"Gould, 1860", 22720738,Dysmorodrepanis munroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Dysmorodrepanis,munroi,,,,,"Perkins, 1919", 22720622,Carpodacus ferreorostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,ferreorostris,,,,,"(Vigors, 1828)","

Carpodacus ferreorostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Chaunoproctus following Brooks (2000); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22695363,Circus approximans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,approximans,,,,,"Peale, 1848", 22714212,Zosterops lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,lateralis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 103692938,Oriolus oriolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,oriolus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Oriolus oriolus and O. kundoo (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. oriolus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22708257,Monticola saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,saxatilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22693447,Calidris subruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,subruficollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)",Calidris subruficollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tryngites. 22716906,Sylvia borin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Sylvia,borin,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22714912,Hippolais polyglotta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Hippolais,polyglotta,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22695710,Urotriorchis macrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Urotriorchis,macrourus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)", 22680683,Jynx torquilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Jynx,torquilla,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22692729,Amaurornis marginalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurornis,marginalis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)",Amaurornis marginalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aenigmatolimnas. 22697595,Pelecanus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,rufescens,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22686668,Neafrapus cassini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Neafrapus,cassini,,,,,"(Sclater, 1863)", 22690025,Caprimulgus vexillarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,vexillarius,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)",Caprimulgus vexillarius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Macrodipteryx. 55306,Hyla nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,nicefori,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)","Many researchers doubt the validity of this species. The single specimen might belong in the genus Hyla.

Infante-Rivero et al. (2009) suggested that this species, known only from the holotype, is not a member of Cryptobatrachus (the genus it was originally assessed under), but a hyline unassigned to genus, although possibly in Hyloscirtus (Frost 2015). It has been placed under ""Hyla"" for the interim (Frost 2015)." 22727677,Ardea brachyrhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,brachyrhyncha,,,,,"(Brehm, 1854)","

Ardea intermedia, A. brachyrhyncha and A. plumifera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Mesophoyx and lumped as M. intermedia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22446,Tupaia chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,chrysogaster,,,,,"Miller, 1903","This species was formerly included as a subspecies of Tupaia glis (e.g., Corbet and Hill 1992), but is here treated as a distinct species following Wilson (1993) and Helgen (2005). This distinction is supported by molecular (Roberts et al. 2011) and morphological (Olson et al. 2004, Sargis et al. 2013) evidence. The Siberut population previously included within T. glis is now considered part of T. chrysogaster (Sargis et al. 2014)." 22689290,Glaucidium capense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,capense,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 111871663,Tupaia salatana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,salatana,,,,,"Lyon, 1913","Described as Tupaia longipes salatana Lyon, 1913, from southern (Indonesian) Borneo, this taxon was synonymised with T. glis by Chasen (1940) and long considered as such (Corbet and Hill 1992, Honacki et al. 1982). It was only recently recognised once again as a subspecies of T. longipes by Helgen (2005). Tupaia salatana is now considered a distinct species (Sargis et al. 2013)." 111873499,Tupaia discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,discolor,,,,,"(Lyon, 1906)","

Described as Tupaia discolor Lyon, 1906, from Bangka Island off the east coast of Sumatra. The taxon was later synonymised with T. glis by Chasen (1940), and it has generally been considered a synonym of that species (Corbet and Hill 1992, Helgen 2005, Honacki et al. 1982, Wilson 1993). It has been recently resurrected as T. discolor from Bangka Island (Sargis et al. 2013).

" 5529,Cricetus cricetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetus,cricetus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

The former separation into the Western subspecies Cricetus cricetus canescens is no longer valid due to recent genetic studies (Neumann et al. 2004, 2005; Stefen 2013; Schroder et al. 2014). Several genetic lineages exist within the species (Banaszek et al. 2010; Neumann et al. 2004, 2005).

" 111876611,Batomys uragon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Batomys,uragon,,,,,"Balete, Rickart, Heaney & Jansa, 2015","This species was formerly included in B. granti, however phylogenetic analysis shows the genetic distance between these species, coupled with their morphological distinctiveness, is great enough to recognise the Mt. Isarog population as a species distinct from B. granti (Balete et al. 2015). Phylogenetic analysis also provides support for a reciprocal monophyly of the Mt. Isarog populations of Batomys with respect to those from the Central Cordillera (Balete et al. 2015). Species of Batomys from Luzon are a sister-group to the genus Crateromys (Balete et al. 2015)." 20497,Urocitellus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,brunneus,,,,,"(A.H. Howell, 1928)","In 2000, this taxon was assessed for The IUCN Red List under the name Spermophilus brunneus brunneus; it is has since been transferred to the genus Urocitelus (Helgen et al. 2009) and in 2017 it was also raised to species level, replacing the entry for Urocitellus brunneus that previously appeared on The IUCN Red List. Yensen (1991) and Gill and Yensen (1992) suggested the two subspecies, U. b. brunneus and U. b. endemicus, may be full species. Although Thorington and Hoffmann (2005) listed endemicus as a synonym, genetic studies by Hoisington-Lopez et al. (2012) confirmed species-level separation. Urocitellus brunneus and U. endemicus are now recognized as monotypic species." 22680157,Mareca penelope,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mareca,penelope,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Mareca penelope (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22682577,Bycanistes subcylindricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bycanistes,subcylindricus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1870)", 22698715,Smithornis rufolateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOMENIDAE,Smithornis,rufolateralis,,,,,"Gray, 1864", 12825,Marmota caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,caudata,,,,,"(Geoffroy, 1844)", 111933779,Cryptomys mahali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Cryptomys,mahali,,,,,"(Roberts, 1913)","The genus Cryptomys previously included all species now listed under the genus Fukomys (Monadjem et al. 2015). These two genera cannot be distinguished morphologically from one another, but are considered highly divergent from one another on a molecular level (Faulkes et al. 2004). Monadjem et al. (2015) lists five species belonging to the Cryptomys genus, with four of these considered endemic to the South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho (Bennett 2013):

  • Common Mole-rat, C. hottentotus (tentatively Northern Cape, Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Free State provinces).
  • Natal Mole-rat, C. natalensis (tentatively KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces; Eswatini and Lesotho).
  • Mahali Mole-rat, C. mahali (tentatively Gauteng with recent reports suggesting its extension into the Northern Cape and North-West provinces).
  • Highveld Mole-rat, C. pretoriae (tentatively Gauteng, North West Province, possibly extending to the Limpopo River).
  • The Matabeleland Mole-rat, C. nimrodi is not included in this assessment because it is considered a vagrant in South Africa. The southern limit of the species range is the Limpopo River and extends northwards to Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, but the eastern limit of its range is yet to be determined.

In general, they are considered allopatric, however, the specific limits of each range are yet to be defined (Monadjem et al. 2015). In general, they are considered allopatric, however the specific limits of each range are yet to be defined (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 111935513,Cryptomys natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Cryptomys,natalensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1913","The genus Cryptomys previously included all species now listed under the genus Fukomys (Monadjem et al. 2015). These two genera cannot be distinguished morphologically from one another, but are considered highly divergent from one another on a molecular level (Faulkes et al. 2004). Monadjem et al. (2015) lists five species belonging to the Cryptomys genus, with four of these considered endemic to the South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho (Bennett 2013):

  • Common Mole-rat, C. hottentotus (tentatively Northern Cape, Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Free State provinces).
  • Natal Mole-rat, C. natalensis (tentatively KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces; Eswatini and Lesotho).
  • Mahali Mole-rat, C. mahali (tentatively Gauteng with recent reports suggesting its extension into the Northern Cape and North-West provinces).
  • Highveld Mole-rat, C. pretoriae (tentatively Gauteng, North West Province, possibly extending to the Limpopo River).
  • The Matabeleland Mole-rat, C. nimrodi is not included in this assessment because it is considered a vagrant in South Africa. The southern limit of the species range is the Limpopo River and extends northwards to Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, but the eastern limit of its range is yet to be determined.

In general, they are considered allopatric, however, the specific limits of each range are yet to be defined (Monadjem et al. 2015). In general, they are considered allopatric, however the specific limits of each range are yet to be defined (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 111935780,Cryptomys pretoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Cryptomys,pretoriae,,,,,"(Roberts, 1913)","The genus Cryptomys previously included all species now listed under the genus Fukomys (Monadjem et al. 2015). These two genera cannot be distinguished morphologically from one another, but are considered highly divergent from one another on a molecular level (Faulkes et al. 2004). Monadjem et al. (2015) lists five species belonging to the Cryptomys genus, with four of these considered endemic to the South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho (Bennett 2013):

  • Common Mole-rat, C. hottentotus (tentatively Northern Cape, Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Free State provinces).
  • Natal Mole-rat, C. natalensis (tentatively KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces; Eswatini and Lesotho).
  • Mahali Mole-rat, C. mahali (tentatively Gauteng with recent reports suggesting its extension into the Northern Cape and North-West provinces).
  • Highveld Mole-rat, C. pretoriae (tentatively Gauteng, North West Province, possibly extending to the Limpopo River).
  • The Matabeleland Mole-rat, C. nimrodi is not included in this assessment because it is considered a vagrant in South Africa. The southern limit of the species range is the Limpopo River and extends northwards to Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, but the eastern limit of its range is yet to be determined.

In general, they are considered allopatric, however, the specific limits of each range are yet to be defined (Monadjem et al. 2015). In general, they are considered allopatric, however the specific limits of each range are yet to be defined (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 13393,Micropotamogale lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,AFROSORICIDA,TENRECIDAE,Micropotamogale,lamottei,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1954", 103767739,Larvivora namiyei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,namiyei,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1886)","

Larvivora komadori and L. namiyei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Erithacus and lumped as E. komadori following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 111949037,Otomys karoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,karoensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1931","

Otomys karoensis previously was included as a synonym or subspecies of O. saundersiae (Meester et al. 1986) but chromosomal and molecular evidence show that O. saundersiae from the Eastern Cape is a synonym of O. irroratus and that O. karoensis is the correct name for the species (Taylor et al. 2009).

" 6927,Lycalopex griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Lycalopex,griseus,,,,,"Gray, 1837","Several recent molecular studies have provided support for a monophyletic assemblage of South American endemic canids (Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005, Perini et al. 2010), with Chrysocyon and Speothos forming a sister-clade to the monophyletic south American foxes and Atelocynus. On the basis of morphology, Zunino et al. (1995) reviewed previous work and also supported clustering species within the two previous paraphyletic genera (Pseudalopex, Lycalopex) into a single monophyletic genus. They further argued that Lycalopex had priority over Pseudalopex, subsequently also supported by Zrzavý et al. (2004: 324). The only outstanding question would have been whether Dusicyon would have been a more appropriate name, since Perini et al. (2010) reported a close relationship between L. culpaeus and Dusicyon. However, we now know that Dusicyon is far outside this clade (Slater et al. 2009, Austin et al. 2013). Based on this evidence, the genus Lycalopex is used over Pseudalopex for all South American foxes, following Wozencraft's (2005) earlier treatment.

Two morphometric studies (Zunino et al. 2005, Prevosti et al. 2013) have suggested that Lycalopex griseus and the Pampas Fox (L. gymnocercus) belong to the same species, with clinal differences in size. However, as Prevosti et al. (2013) note, most genetic studies have not recovered the two species as a monophyletic group (although see Lindblad-Toh et al. 2005). Given the uncertainty, and since both species are in any event assessed as Least Concern, we provisionally continue to recognize Chilla and Pampas Fox as two distinct species, pending further taxonomic investigations." 103844067,Phylloscopus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,tristis,,,,,"Blyth, 1843",

Phylloscopus collybita and P. tristis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. collybita following AERC TAC (2003).

22714894,Iduna rama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Iduna,rama,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)",

Iduna rama (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hippolais rama.

22692980,Syrrhaptes paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Syrrhaptes,paradoxus,,,,,"(Palllas, 1773)", 22707495,Tchagra senegalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Tchagra,senegalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 170366,Acanthosaura lepidogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthosaura,lepidogaster,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)",Records of this species from Cambodia represent confusion with Acanthosaura cardamomensis (T. Neang pers. comm. 2017). 103821565,Anthus cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,cinnamomeus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840",

Anthus richardi and A. cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar (2016) were previously lumped as A. richardi following AERC TAC (2003); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

103764968,Carduelis caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carduelis,caniceps,,,,,"Vigors, 1831","

Carduelis carduelis and C. caniceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. carduelis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 and supplements); Christidis and Boles (2008); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 and updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Turbott (1990).

" 112041975,Musseromys anacuao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Musseromys,anacuao,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Veluz & Jansa, 2014","This species forms part of the genus Musseromys, of which all four species are endemic to Luzon (M. gulantang, on Mt. Banahaw; M. beneficus from Mt. Pulag and M. inopinatus from Mt. Amuyao) (Heaney et al. 2014). This species along with M. beneficus and M. inopinatus form a clade that is distinct from the lowland forest species M. gulantang (Heaney et al. 2014). M. beneficus from Mt. Pulag is most closely related to M. anacuao (Heaney et al. 2014)." 112041990,Musseromys beneficus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Musseromys,beneficus,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Veluz & Jansa, 2014","This species forms part of the genus Musseromys, of which all four species are endemic to Luzon (M. gulantang, on Mt. Banahaw; M. anacuao from Mt. Anacuao and M. inopinatus from Mt. Amuyao) (Heaney et al. 2014). This species along with M. anacuao and M. inopinatus form a clade that is distinct from the lowland forest species M. gulantang (Heaney et al. 2014). M. beneficus is most closely related to M. anacuao (Heaney et al. 2014)." 112042008,Musseromys inopinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Musseromys,inopinatus,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Veluz & Jansa, 2014","This species forms part of the genus Musseromys, of which all four species are endemic to Luzon (M. gulantang on Mt. Banahaw; M. anacuao from Mt. Anacuao and M. beneficus from Mt. Pulag) (Heaney et al. 2014). This species along with M. anacuao and M. beneficus form a clade that is distinct from the lowland forest species M. gulantang (Heaney et al. 2014)." 112042073,Myosorex kabogoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,kabogoensis,,,,,"Kerbis Peterhans & Hutterer, 2013", 50149061,Ceratotrochus magnaghii,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,SCLERACTINIA,CARYOPHYLLIIDAE,Ceratotrochus,magnaghii,,,,,"Cecchini, 1914", 190656,Pseudocophotis kontumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocophotis,kontumensis,,,,,"Ananjeva, Orlov, Truong & Nazarov, 2007", 50012660,Spinimuricea klavereni,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ALCYONACEA,PLEXAURIDAE,Spinimuricea,klavereni,,,,,"(Carpine & Grasshoff, 1975)",There was some misidentification of this genus in the past by Koch where it was described as Paramuricea placomus. Currently there is some debate about being the same species as the Atlantic one Spinimuricea atlantica. 177579,Dibamus bourreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,bourreti,,,,,"Angel, 1935", 22695659,Accipiter gundlachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,gundlachi,,,,,"Lawrence, 1860", 22726426,Colaptes rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,rupicola,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1840","

Colaptes rupicola and C cinereicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. rupicola following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22679446,Falcipennis falcipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Falcipennis,falcipennis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)",Falcipennis falcipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendragapus. 22681246,Piculus aurulentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Piculus,aurulentus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 177544,Dibamus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,smithi,,,,,"Greer, 1985", 22694021,Vanellus albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,albiceps,,,,,"Gould, 1834", 112139458,Apomys iridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,iridensis,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Veluz, Steppan, Esslstyn, Pfeiffer & Rickart, 2014","Evidence from mitochondrial DNA shows A. iridensis to be within a clade that includes other species that occur in nearby portions of Luzon Island, A. aurorae, A. magnus, and A. zambalensis (Justiniano et al. 2015). Multi gene loci analysis confirms morphological evidence that A. iridensis is a distinct species (Justiniano et al. 2015)." 112139517,Apomys lubangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,lubangensis,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Veluz, Steppan, Esslstyn, Pfeiffer & Rickart, 2014","Phylogenetic relationships based on DNA sequences depict A. lubangensis and A. sacobianus as sister species, in a clade that also includes A. banahao and A. brownorum (Heaney et al. 2014); with multi gene loci analysis confirming morphological evidence that A. lubangensis is a distinct species (Justiniano et al. 2015)." 170403,Diploderma fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,fasciata,,,,,"(Mertens, 1926)","Japalura szechwanensis was synonymized within Japalura fasciata by Ota (2000). Although the name J. szechwanensis has recently been used to refer to a recognized species (Rao et al. 2017), this work did not review its taxonomic status or justify this treatment. This account consequently includes J. szechwanensis as a junior synonym of Diploderma fasciata." 169692,Dixonius vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,vietnamensis,,,,,"Das, 2004", 178534,Takydromus hani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,hani,,,,,"Chou, Truong & Pauwels, 2001", 178242,Takydromus kuehnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,kuehnei,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1909", 178496,Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tritaeniatus,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 112168732,Rhabdomys intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhabdomys,intermedius,,,,,"(Wroughton, 1905)","Initially the single, monotypic species Rhabdomys pumilio was recognised (Sparrman, 1784). Several subspecies have been proposed based on extensive variation in pelage colour and morphology across the distribution. Within southern Africa, Roberts (1951) proposed 20 subspecies of which Meester et al. (1986) regarded only seven as being valid. Rambau et al. (2003) recommended the recognition of two species based on cytogenetic and mitochondrial sequence data, the xeric R. pumilio and mesic R. dilectus, which was adopted by Musser and Carleton (2005). The authors further suggested the presence of two subspecies, R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae within the latter taxon. This was confirmed in a recent molecular and chromosomal analysis of R. dilectus, which revealed high genetic divergence within the species, and the presence of three distinct clades (Castiglia et al. 2012). The basal clade, recognised as R. d. chakae is endemic to South Africa, while the two distinct sister clades (R. d. dilectus) are distributed allopatrically across northern parts of its range, into East Africa, including a new divergent karyotype found in the high altitudes of Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Castiglia et al. 2012). Reproductive isolation due to pre- and post-mating barriers have been found among R. pumilio and R. dilectus, as well as among the proposed subspecies within the latter taxon (Pillay 2000; Pillay et al. 2006). Subsequently, du Toit et al. (2012) indicated three genetic lineages with distinct distributions related to biome boundaries within the xeric R. pumilio. Based on deep mitochondrial genetic divergence, paraphyly of R. pumilio with respect to R. dilectus and different ecological preferences of the three genetic lineages within R. pumilio, the recognition of four species (R. dilectus, R. pumilio, R. bechuanae, and R. intermedius) was suggested (du Toit et al. 2012). However, Monadjem et al. (2015) recognise R. chakae as a valid species due to at least one case of known sympatry between R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae. Further molecular research (particularly including more nuclear data) and cranial morphometric analyses would be useful to fully resolve the taxonomy of the genus. Until such time, it is recommended that Rhabdomys be treated as a species complex." 20475,Urocitellus washingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,washingtoni,,,,,"A.H. Howell, 1938","This species was included in Spermophilus townsendii until 1938. It is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 20476,Urocitellus townsendii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,townsendii,,,,,"Bachman, 1839","Spermophilus canus and S. mollis formerly were included in S. townsendii. Baker et al. (2003) and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized the three taxa as distinct species, noting their distinct cytotypes and lack of hybridization. This species is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 112213625,Tarphius tornvalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,tornvalli,,,,,"Gillerfors, 1985","Borges et al. (2017) redescribed Tarphius tornvalli Gillerfors, 1985.

Synonyms

Tarphius tornvalli in Gillerfors (1985, p. 5) (S. Miguel Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1990, p. 112) (S. Miguel Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1991, p. 2) (S. Miguel Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005, p. 207) (S. Miguel Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010, p. 232) (S. Miguel Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (S. Miguel Isl.)

" 112214780,Tarphius relictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,relictus,,,,,"Borges & Serrano, 2017","

Tarphius azoricus in Borges (1990, pp. 99, 112) (Terceira Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Borges (1991, p. 2) (Terceira Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005, p. 207) (Terceira Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010, p. 232) (Terceira Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Terceira Isl.)


" 112214889,Tarphius furtadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,furtadoi,,,,,"Borges & Serrano, 2017","

Tarphius tornvalli in Gillerfors (1986, p. 21) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1990, p. 112) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli in Borges (1991, p. 2) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005, p. 207) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010, p. 232) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius tornvalli and Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Borges et al. (2005, p. 207) (São Jorge Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010, p. 232) (São Jorge Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (São Jorge Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Oromí et al. (2010, p. 232) (Faial Isl.)

Tarphius azoricus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Faial Isl.)

" 112214981,Tarphius gabrielae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,gabrielae,,,,,"Borges & Serrano, 2017","

Tarphius azoricus in Gillerfors (1986, p. 21) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius depressus in Borges et al. (2005, p. 207) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius depressus in Oromí et al. (2010, p. 232) (Pico Isl.)

Tarphius depressus in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Pico Isl.)


" 112215110,Tarphius floresensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,floresensis,,,,,"Borges & Serrano, 2017","

Tarphius wollastoni in Borges (1990, p. 112) (Flores Isl.)

Tarphius wollastoni in Borges (1991, p. 2) (Flores Isl.)

Tarphius wollastoni in Borges et al. (2005, p. 207) (Flores Isl.)

Tarphius wollastoni in Oromí et al. (2010, p. 232) (Flores Isl.)

Tarphius wollastoni in Amorim et al. (2012, Fig. 2) (Flores Isl.)


" 112215339,Tarphius rufonodulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,rufonodulosus,,,,,"Israelson, 1984", 112215669,Tarphius serranoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,serranoi,,,,,"Borges, 1991", 112215914,Tarphius pomboi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,pomboi,,,,,"Borges, 1991", 112216190,Tarphius azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,azoricus,,,,,"Gillerfors, 1986", 112216642,Tarphius depressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,depressus,,,,,"Gillerfors, 1985", 112216738,Tarphius wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,wollastoni,,,,,"Crotch, 1867", 112217627,Tarphius acuminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,acuminatus,,,,,"Gillerfors, 1986", 22693764,Charadrius semipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,semipalmatus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1825", 103702845,Lalage leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,leucoptera,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)","

Lalage atrovirens and L. leucoptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. atrovirens following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103730490,Philesturnus carunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALLAEIDAE,Philesturnus,carunculatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Philesturnus carunculatus and P. rufusater (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. carunculatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

" 22687380,Cyanophaia bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Cyanophaia,bicolor,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 112239441,Cnemaspis lineogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,lineogularis,,,,,"Wood Jr., Grismer, Aowphol, Aguilar, Cota, Grismer, Murdoch and Sites Jr., 2017", 112239539,Cnemaspis phangngaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,phangngaensis,,,,,"Wood Jr., Grismer, Aowphol, Aguilar, Cota, Grismer, Murdoch and Sites Jr., 2017", 112239651,Cnemaspis thachanaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,thachanaensis,,,,,"Wood Jr., Grismer, Aowphol, Aguilar, Cota, Grismer, Murdoch and Sites Jr., 2017", 22698246,Puffinus opisthomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,opisthomelas,,,,,"Coues, 1864", 112256552,Cricetomys ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Cricetomys,ansorgei,,,,,"Thomas, 1904","This species was previously documented as a subspecies of Cricetomys gambianus however phylogenetic and craniometric results show that C. ansorgei is separate from C. gambianus and even more distantly related to it than expected, forming a monophyletic clade instead with C. emini from the forest zone of Central Africa (Olayemi et al. 2012). This species cannot be distinguished from other Cricetomys species based on morphological characteristics, but is dissimilar on a molecular level (Olayemi et al. 2012)" 103670909,Upucerthia validirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Upucerthia,validirostris,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1861)","

Upucerthia validirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into Upucerthia validirostris and U. jelskii following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103672686,Leptasthenura berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Leptasthenura,berlepschi,,,,,"E. Hartert, 1909","Leptasthenura aegithaloides, L. berlepschi and L. pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. aegithaloides following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103672834,Phacellodomus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,inornatus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1887","Phacellodomus rufifrons and P. inornatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. rufifrons following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103673120,Asthenes dorbignyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,dorbignyi,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1853)","Asthenes dorbignyi. A. arequipae, A. usheri and A. huancavelicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. dorbignyi following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103673405,Asthenes wyatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,wyatti,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Asthenes wyatti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into A. wyatti (SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) and A. sclateri (SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993])." 103675711,Synallaxis chinchipensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,chinchipensis,,,,,"Chapman, 1925","Synallaxis stictothorax and S. chinchipensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. stictothorax following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103676093,Machaeropterus regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Machaeropterus,regulus,,,,,"(Hahn, 1819)","Machaeropterus regulus and M. striolatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. regulus following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103676429,Cryptopipo holochlora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Cryptopipo,holochlora,,,,,"(Sclater, 1888)","Cryptopipo holochlora and C. litae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Xenopipo holochlora following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103676541,Corapipo leucorrhoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Corapipo,leucorrhoa,,,,,"(Sclater, 1863)","Corapipo leucorrhoa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into C. leucorrhoa (SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) and C. altera (AOU [1998 and supplements]; SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993])." 103677119,Pachyramphus xanthogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,xanthogenys,,,,,"Salvadori & Festa, 1898","Pachyramphus viridis , P. xanthogenys and P. griseigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. viridis following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103677383,Schiffornis stenorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Schiffornis,stenorhyncha,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)","Schiffornis turdina, S. olivacea, S. stenorhyncha, S. aenea and S. veraepacis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. turdina following AOU (1998 and   supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103677427,Schiffornis aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Schiffornis,aenea,,,,,"J.T. Zimmer, 1936","Schiffornis turdina, S. olivacea, S. stenorhyncha, S. aenea and S. veraepacis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. turdina following AOU (1998 and   supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680258,Mionectes roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mionectes,roraimae,,,,,"(C. Chubb, 1919)","Mionectes macconnelli and M. roraimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. macconnelli following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680303,Leptopogon superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Leptopogon,superciliaris,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844","Leptopogon superciliaris and L. albidiventer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. superciliaris following AOU (1998 and   supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22731691,Tolmomyias flavotectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tolmomyias,flavotectus,,,,,"(E. Hartert, 1902)","Tolmomyias assimilis and T. flavotectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. assimilis (see AOU [1998 and supplements], SACC [2005 and updates], Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993] and Stotz et al. [1996])." 104008963,Zimmerius improbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,improbus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)","Zimmerius improbus and Z. petersi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. improbus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103681041,Stigmatura napensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Stigmatura,napensis,,,,,"Chapman, 1926","Stigmatura napensis and S. bahiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. napensis (see SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996])." 103681502,Elaenia cherriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,cherriei,,,,,"Cory, 1895","Elaenia fallax and E. cherriei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. fallax following AOU (1998 and supplements), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103682324,Sirystes subcanescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sirystes,subcanescens,,,,,"Todd, 1920","Sirystes sibilator, S. albogriseus, S. albocinereus and S. subcansecens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. sibilator following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103682791,Ochthoeca nigrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,nigrita,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris, O. nigrita and O. thoracica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. cinnamomeiventris following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103682812,Ochthoeca fumicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,fumicolor,,,,,"Sclater, 1856","Ochthoeca fumicolor and O. superciliosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. fumicolor following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103682943,Knipolegus orenocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,orenocensis,,,,,"von Berlepsch, 1884","Knipolegus orenocensis and K. sclateri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as K. orenocensis following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103682880,Ochthoeca superciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,superciliosa,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1871","Ochthoeca fumicolor and O. superciliosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. fumicolor following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22732302,Cyanopica cooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanopica,cooki,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Cyanopica cyanus and C. cooki (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cyanus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103721987,Cyanopica cyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanopica,cyanus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","

Cyanopica cyanus and C. cooki (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cyanus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103727118,Pica mauritanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Pica,mauritanica,,,,,"Malherbe, 1845","

Pica pica, P. mauritanica, P. asirensis and P. hudsonia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pica following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Christidis and Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103727455,Nucifraga multipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Nucifraga,multipunctata,,,,,"Gould, 1849","

Nucifraga caryocatactes, N. hemispila and N. multipunctata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. caryocatactes following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103727509,Corvus violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,violaceus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Corvus enca and C. violaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. enca following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103727573,Corvus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,insularis,,,,,"Heinroth, 1903","

Corvus orru and C. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. orru following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103727785,Aphelocoma californica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Aphelocoma,californica,,,,,"(Vigors, 1839)","

Aphelocoma californica and A. insularis (AOU [1998 and supplements]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into A. califonica following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103676467,Cryptopipo litae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Cryptopipo,litae,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1906)","Cryptopipo holochlora and C. litae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Xenopipo holochlora following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680403,Rhynchocyclus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhynchocyclus,olivaceus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus and R. aequinoctialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. olivaceus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681315,Elaenia pallatangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,pallatangae,,,,,"Sclater, 1861","Elaenia pallatangae and E. olivina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. pallatangae following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103681376,Elaenia olivina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,olivina,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1884","Elaenia pallatangae and E. olivina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. pallatangae following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103677334,Schiffornis olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Schiffornis,olivacea,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1906)","Schiffornis turdina, S. olivacea, S. stenorhyncha, S. aenea and S. veraepacis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. turdina following AOU (1998 and   supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 112298450,Prosciurillus topapuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Prosciurillus,topapuensis,,,,,"(Roux, 1910)","Prosciurillus topapuensis is a member of a species group that includes P. leucomus, P. alstoni, P. weberi, and P. rosenbergii, all endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands (Musser et al. 2010)." 103677312,Schiffornis turdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Schiffornis,turdina,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)","Schiffornis turdina, S. olivacea, S. stenorhyncha, S. aenea and S. veraepacis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. turdina following AOU (1998 and   supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103677449,Schiffornis veraepacis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Schiffornis,veraepacis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)","Schiffornis turdina, S. olivacea, S. stenorhyncha, S. aenea and S. veraepacis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. turdina following AOU (1998 and   supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103727048,Pica pica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Pica,pica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Pica pica, P. mauritanica, P. asirensis and P. hudsonia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pica following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Christidis and Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103656387,Erythropitta celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,celebensis,,,,,"(Müller & Schlegel, 1845)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656402,Erythropitta rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,rufiventris,,,,,"(Heine, 1860)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656434,Erythropitta rubrinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,rubrinucha,,,,,"(Wallace, 1862)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656466,Erythropitta gazellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,gazellae,,,,,"(Neumann, 1908)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656476,Erythropitta novaehibernicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,novaehibernicae,,,,,"(E.P. Ramsay, 1878)","

Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 102998728,Pitta maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,maxima,,,,,"Müller & Schlegel, 1845","Pitta maxima and P. morotaiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. maxima following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103656924,Cymbirhynchus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Cymbirhynchus,affinis,,,,,"Blyth, 1846","

Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos and C. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. macrorhynchos following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103656933,Serilophus rubropygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Serilophus,rubropygius,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1839)","

Serilophus lunatus and S. rubropygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. lunatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103657368,Epinecrophylla amazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,amazonica,,,,,"(H. von Ihering, 1905)","

Epinecrophylla haematonota and E. fjeldsaai (SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) have been lumped and subsequently split into E. haematonota and E. amazonica following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 178554,Gekko badenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,badenii,,,,,"Shcherbak & Nekrasova, 1994","Further research is required to confirm that Gekko ulikovskii is a junior synonym of G. badenii, as proposed by Nguyen et al. (2010) and accepted here. Other members of this species group are separated from one another by around 1-200 km, while the type localities of G. badenii and G. ulikovskii are separated by about 400 km2 (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017). Further material from the G. badenii type locality, and molecular data for G. ulikovskii, will be necessary to resolve the systematics of this taxon (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 103657471,Myrmotherula luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,luctuosa,,,,,"von Pelzeln, 1868","

Myrmotherula axillaris (AOU [1998 and supplements]; SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) and M. fluminensis (SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) have been lumped and subsequently split into M. axillaris and M. luctuosa following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103657703,Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,rufimarginatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)","

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus and H. scapularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. rufimarginatus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103657716,Sakesphorus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sakesphorus,pulchellus,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","

Sakesphorus canadensis and S. pulchellus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. canadensis following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103657725,Thamnophilus subfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,subfasciatus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1876","

Thamnophilus ruficapillus and T. subfasciatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ruficapillus following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103658699,Drymophila striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,striaticeps,,,,,"Chapman, 1912","

Drymophila caudata, D. klagesi, D. hellmayri and D. striaticeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. caudata following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103658838,Willisornis nigrigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Willisornis,nigrigula,,,,,"(E. Snethlage, 1914)",

Willisornis poecilinotus and W. nigrigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as W. poecilinotus following SACC (2005 and updates).

103660237,Thamnistes anabatinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnistes,anabatinus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1860","Thamnistes anabatinus and T. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. anabatinus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103660264,Thamnistes aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnistes,aequatorialis,,,,,"Sclater, 1862","

Thamnistes anabatinus and T. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. anabatinus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103660326,Conopophaga snethlageae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,snethlageae,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1912","

Conopophaga aurita and C. snethlageae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. aurita following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103660427,Grallaria alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,alticola,,,,,"Todd, 1919","

Grallaria quitensis, G. alticola and G. atuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. quitensis following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103660431,Grallaria atuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,atuensis,,,,,"Carriker, 1933","

Grallaria quitensis, G. alticola and G. atuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. quitensis following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103661247,Formicarius moniliger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Formicarius,moniliger,,,,,"Sclater, 1857","

Formicarius analis and F. moniliger (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. analis following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2006 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103670340,Campylorhamphus probatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Campylorhamphus,probatus,,,,,"Zimmer, 1934","

Campylorhamphus procurvoides, C. probatus and C. multostriatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. procurvoides following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103670743,Lepidocolaptes neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,neglectus,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1909)",

Lepidocolaptes affinis and L. neglectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. affinis following AOU (1998 and supplements).

 

103670838,Furnarius longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,longirostris,,,,,"von Pelzeln, 1856","

Furnarius leucopus, F. longirostris and F. cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as F. leucopus following SACC (2005 and updates) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103670862,Furnarius cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Furnarius,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1844)","

Furnarius leucopus, F. longirostris and F. cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as F. leucopus following SACC (2005 and updates) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103694187,Coracina welchmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,welchmani,,,,,"(Tristram, 1892)","

Coracina caledonica and C. welchmani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. caledonica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103694177,Coracina caledonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,caledonica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Coracina caledonica and C. welchmani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. caledonica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103694198,Coracina striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,striata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Coracina striata, C. panayensis and C. dobsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. striata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103694213,Coracina panayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,panayensis,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)","

Coracina striata, C. panayensis and C. dobsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. striata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 178676,Gekko chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,chinensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 178613,Gekko grossmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,grossmanni,,,,,"Günther, 1994",This species is part of the Gekko petricolus group (Kreuzer and Grossmann 2003). 103702559,Edolisoma remotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,remotum,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1878)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103702881,Lalage leucomela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,leucomela,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)","

Lalage leucomela and L. conjuncta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. leucomela following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22730676,Prionops caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,caniceps,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",

Prionops caniceps and P. rufiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. caniceps following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22707783,Prionops rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,rufiventris,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1853)",

Prionops caniceps and P. rufiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. caniceps following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

103703869,Tephrodornis sylvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Tephrodornis,sylvicola,,,,,"Jerdon, 1839","

Tephrodornis virgatus and T. sylvicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. gularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103703875,Tephrodornis pondicerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Tephrodornis,pondicerianus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Tephrodornis pondicerianus and T. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. pondicerianus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22731056,Batis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,capensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",

Batis capensis and B. dimorpha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. capensis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22736075,Dyaphorophyia hormophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,hormophora,,,,,"Reichenow, 1901","

Dyaphorophyia castanea and D. hormophora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Platysteira castanea following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103704667,Dyaphorophyia ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,ansorgei,,,,,"Hartert, 1905","

Dyaphorophyia concreta and D. ansorgei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Platysteira concreta following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735536,Laniarius nigerrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,nigerrimus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1879","Laniarius aethiopicus, L. nigerrimus and L. sublacteus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. aethiopicus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103708962,Rhipidura tenkatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,tenkatei,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1892","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103708881,Rhipidura hoedti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,hoedti,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1892","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103709130,Rhipidura obiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,obiensis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103709232,Rhipidura cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,cinerea,,,,,"Wallace, 1865","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103709290,Rhipidura assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,assimilis,,,,,"Gray, 1858","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103709025,Rhipidura isura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,isura,,,,,"Gould, 1841","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103709333,Rhipidura cockerelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,cockerelli,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)","Rhipidura cockerelli and R. coultasi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. cockerelli following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103710458,Rhipidura rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,rufifrons,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","Rhipidura rufifrons, R. melanolaema and R. dryas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufifrons following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22735724,Rhipidura dryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,dryas,,,,,"Gould, 1843","Rhipidura rufifrons, R. melanolaema and R. dryas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufifrons following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103710131,Rhipidura drownei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,drownei,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","Rhipidura drownei and R. ocularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. drownei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103710179,Rhipidura ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,ocularis,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","Rhipidura drownei and R. ocularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. drownei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103710723,Rhipidura verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,verreauxi,,,,,"Gray, 1870","Rhipidura verreauxi, R. spilodera, R. layardi and R. rufilateralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. verreauxi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103710780,Rhipidura spilodera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,spilodera,,,,,"Gray, 1870","Rhipidura verreauxi, R. spilodera, R. layardi and R. rufilateralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. verreauxi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103711049,Dicrurus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,striatus,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877","Dicrurus hottentottus and D. striatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. hottentottus following a previous split of D. mengai from D. hottentottus, acknowledged by Rocamora and Yeatman-Berthelot (2009)." 103711426,Myiagra eichhorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,eichhorni,,,,,"(Hartert, 1924)","Myiagra hebetior, M. eichhorni and M. cervinicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. hebetior following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103711768,Myiagra inquieta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,inquieta,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","Myiagra inquieta and M. nana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. inquieta following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103715139,Monarcha castaneiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Monarcha,castaneiventris,,,,,"Verreaux, 1858","

Monarcha castaneiventris and M. erythrostictus (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped and split into M. castaneiventris, M. megarhynchus and M. ugiensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103715221,Monarcha megarhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Monarcha,megarhynchus,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1908","

Monarcha castaneiventris and M. erythrostictus (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped and split into M. castaneiventris, M. megarhynchus and M. ugiensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103715229,Monarcha ugiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Monarcha,ugiensis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1882)","

Monarcha castaneiventris and M. erythrostictus (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped and split into M. castaneiventris, M. megarhynchus and M. ugiensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103715475,Trochocercus cyanomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Trochocercus,cyanomelas,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Trochocercus cyanomelas and T. bivittatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cyanomelas following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103715774,Hypothymis puella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Hypothymis,puella,,,,,"(Wallace, 1863)","

Hypothymis azurea and H. puella (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. azurea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103716124,Terpsiphone floris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,floris,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1894","

Terpsiphone paradisi, T. incei, T. affinis and T. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. paradisi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103716188,Terpsiphone rufocinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,rufocinerea,,,,,"Cabanis, 1875","

Terpsiphone rufocinerea and T. batesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. rufocinerea following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103658612,Cercomacroides fuscicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacroides,fuscicauda,,,,,"(J.T. Zimmer, 1931)","

Cercomacroides nigrescens and C. fuscicauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Cercomacra nigrescens following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 112363273,Bronchocela burmana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,burmana,,,,,"Blanford, 1878","Recent genetic and morphological studies on specimens referred to Bronchocela rayaensis from Tanintharyi Division found that these individuals were closer to Malaysian B. rayaensis than typical B. cristatella (Zug et al. 2017). These authors resurrected the neglected name B. burmana Blandford 1878, described from the same area of Myanmar, for this clade, although the holotype was not available for examination. While Zug et al. (2017) acknowledged that B. burmana may prove to be a senior synonym of B. rayaensis, they found a 5.5-6% molecular (ND2) divergence between the two taxa as well as preliminary evidence of morphological differences based on a small sample size, and elected to recognize B. rayaensis as a valid species." 112366606,Taurinellushka babugana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Taurinellushka,babugana,,,,,"Balashov, 2014", 103669951,Xiphorhynchus beauperthuysii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,beauperthuysii,,,,,"(Pucheran & Lafresnaye, 1850)","

Xiphorhynchus ocellatus, X. beauperthuysii and X. chunchotambo (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. ocellatus following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103670009,Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,chunchotambo,,,,,"(von Tschudi, 1844)","

Xiphorhynchus ocellatus, X. beauperthuysii and X. chunchotambo (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. ocellatus following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103670750,Xenops minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xenops,minutus,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1788)","

Xenops minutus and X. genibarbis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. minutus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103702585,Edolisoma grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,grayi,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103702589,Edolisoma obiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,obiense,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)","Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103702598,Edolisoma meyerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,meyerii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)","Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103702475,Edolisoma salomonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,salomonis,,,,,"(Tristram, 1879)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103702625,Edolisoma monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,monacha,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22679038,Arborophila orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,orientalis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22679012,Perdicula manipurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Perdicula,manipurensis,,,,,"(Hume, 1880)", 22679740,Dendrocygna eytoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,eytoni,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)", 22680387,Aythya australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,australis,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)", 22680199,Anas wyvilliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,wyvilliana,,,,,"Sclater, 1878", 22725304,Ducula obiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,obiensis,,,,,"(Hartert, 1898)","

Ducula basilica and D. obiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. basilica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725660,Eurostopodus mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eurostopodus,mystacalis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)","

Eurostopodus mystacalis, E. nigripennis and E. exul (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. mystacalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 112390882,Scutisorex thori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Scutisorex,thori,,,,,"Stanley, Malekani & Gambalemoke, 2013",This species is recognised as the second species of the Scutisorex genus (Stanley et al. 2013). Genetic analysis of this species supports a sister relationship with S. somereni (Stanley et al. 2013). 22687893,Heliangelus exortis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,exortis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1840)", 112391705,Coccymys kirrhos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Coccymys,kirrhos,,,,,"Musser & Lunde, 2009","Coccymys kirrhos has recently been described as the third member of the genus Coccymys, along with C. ruemmleri and C. shawmayeri (Musser and Lunde 2009). C. kirrhos can be distinguished from C. shawmayeri and C. ruemmleri by fur coloration, tail traits, and qualitative cranial and dental characteristics (Musser and Lunde 2009)." 22687990,Metallura williami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Metallura,williami,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 22687933,Eriocnemis mosquera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,mosquera,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 112393452,Coccymys shawmayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Coccymys,shawmayeri,,,,,"Musser & Lunde, 2009","Coccymys shawmayeri has recently been documented as a member of the genus Coccymys, along with C. ruemmleri and C. kirrhos (Musser and Lunde 2009). Coccymys shawmayeri can be distinguished from C. kirrhos and C. ruemmleri, by fur coloration, tail traits, and quantitative cranial and dental characters (Musser and Lunde 2009). Coccymys shawmayeri is a vicariant relative of C. kirrhos and the eastern montane vicariant of the western New Guinea C. ruemmleri. Coccymys ruemmleri is regionally sympatric with C. shawmayeri in western Papua New Guinea where the former is apparently restricted to high altitudes on the Star Mountains and the latter occurs at lower altitudes in the highlands bounding the Telefomin Valley (Musser and Lunde 2009)." 22724459,Carpococcyx viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Carpococcyx,viridis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879", 22731569,Ortalis araucuan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,araucuan,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)","

Ortalis guttata, O. araucuan and O. squamata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guttata following Stotz et al. (1996) and SACC (2011), and before then were also lumped with O. colombiana as O. guttata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22687313,Chlorostilbon mellisugus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,mellisugus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Chlorostilbon mellisugus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into C. mellisugus and C. melanorhynchus following SACC (2005), and before then lumped as C. mellisugus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22697444,Theristicus branickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Theristicus,branickii,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894","

Theristicus melanopis and T. branickii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. melanopis following SACC (2005), and before then were split as T. melanopis and T. branickii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734000,Theristicus melanopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Theristicus,melanopis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Theristicus melanopis and T. branickii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. melanopis following SACC (2005), and before then were split as T. melanopis and T. branickii following  Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22691794,Ducula cineracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,cineracea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22708863,Turdus subalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,subalaris,,,,,"(Seebohm, 1887)",

Turdus nigriceps and T. subalaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. nigriceps following SACC (2005 and updates).

22708858,Turdus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,nigriceps,,,,,"Cabanis, 1874",

Turdus nigriceps and T. subalaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. nigriceps following SACC (2005 and updates).

22689083,Strix hadorami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,hadorami,,,,,"Kirwan, Schweizer & Copete, 2015","Strix butleri was previously listed as S. omanensis in del Hoyo and Collar 2014 based on the description under this name by Robb et al. (2013). Strix hadorami (Kirwan, Schweizer & Copete, 2015) was previously listed as S. butleri in del Hoyo and Collar (2014) and before.

Recent genetic and morphological analyses have revealed that the type specimen of S. butleri—the geographical provenance of which is open to doubt—differs significantly from all other specimens previously ascribed to this species, indicating (despite the lack of vocal data definitively linked to the same population as the type) that two species are involved, principally because the degree of molecular differentiation is close to that in other taxa of Strix traditionally recognised as species, which led to populations of this species from southern Oman to the Levant and eastern Egypt, which share the same morphology and vocalizations, being described as a separate species, Desert Tawny Owl (S. hadorami)." 103785929,Locustella chengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,chengi,,,,,"Alström et al., 2015",

Locustella chengi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Alström et al. (2015).

103778254,Orthotomus chaktomuk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,chaktomuk,,,,,"Mahood et al., 2013",

Orthotomus chaktomuk (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognised as a species following work by Mahood et al. (2013).

103680575,Hemitriccus cohnhafti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,cohnhafti,,,,,"Zimmer, Whittaker, Sardelli, Guilherme & Aleixo, 2013",Hemitriccus cohnhafti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Zimmer et al. (2013). 22679312,Catreus wallichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Catreus,wallichii,,,,,"(Hardwicke, 1827)",C. wallichii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as C. wallichi. 112465222,Microtus elbeyli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,elbeyli,,,,,"Yiğit, Çolak & Sözen, 2016","Specimens previously recorded as Microtus irani from southeastern Turkey are now considered to be a separate species (M. elbeyli) based on karyological “2n= 46” and cranial differences, and also marked ochreous dorsal color (Yiğit et al. 2016)." 112465460,Crocidura sapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,sapaensis,,,,,"Jenkins, 2013","Previously identified as Crocidura indochinensis, this species is distinguished genetically and morphologically from similar sized species (P. Jenkins pers. comm. 2017)." 112465479,Crocidura umbra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,umbra,,,,,"Demos, Achmadi, Handika, Maharatankamsi, Rowe & Esselstyn, 2016","

On the basis of molecular phylogenetic (Demos et al. 2016a) and morphological evidence (Demos et al. 2016b) a series of specimens of Crocidura from Mt. Gede, Java, which were previously assigned to C. maxi (Esselstyn et al. 2013, Esselstyn et al. 2014), are now recognised as a new and distinct species.

" 22679147,Tragopan melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tragopan,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Gray, 1829)", 103682965,Knipolegus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,sclateri,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1906","Knipolegus orenocensis and K. sclateri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped asK. orenocensis following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103683096,Knipolegus heterogyna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,heterogyna,,,,,"von Berlepsch, 1907",Knipolegus aterrimus and K. heterogyna (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as K. aterrimus following Stotz et al. (1996). 103683347,Muscisaxicola occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,occipitalis,,,,,"Ridgway, 1887","Muscisaxicola rufivertex and M. occipitalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. rufivertex following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103685491,Melithreptus chloropsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,chloropsis,,,,,"Gould, 1848","Melithreptus lunatus and M. chloropsis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. lunatus following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103685875,Gymnomyza brunneirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gymnomyza,brunneirostris,,,,,"(Mayr, 1932)","Gymnomyza viridis and G. brunneirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. viridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103686033,Foulehaio procerior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Foulehaio,procerior,,,,,"(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1867)","Foulehaio carunculatus, F. procerior and F. taviunensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. carunculatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103685978,Foulehaio taviunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Foulehaio,taviunensis,,,,,"(Wiglesworth, 1891)","Foulehaio carunculatus, F. procerior and F. taviunensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. carunculatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 112503255,Crocidura newmarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,newmarki,,,,,"Stanley, Hutterer, Giarla & Esselstyn, 2015","Molecular analysis shows C. newmarki to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015), although C. newmarki is endemic to Mt. Meru, it is a member of a clade that includes the East and West Usambaras (C. tansaniana), the South Pares (C. usambarae), Ngorongoro (Crocidura mdumai), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and the middle Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), Rubeho, Ukaguru, Uluguru, and Udzungwa (Crocidura munissii). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax clade is significant, as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015)." 112503346,Crocidura mdumai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,mdumai,,,,,"Stanley, Hutterer, Giarla & Esselstyn, 2015","Molecular analysis shows Crocidura mdumai to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015). Although C. mdumai is endemic to the Ngorongoro Crater, it is a member of a clade that includes the East and West Usambaras (C. tansaniana), the South Pares (C. usambarae), Mt Meru (Crocidura newmarki), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and the middle Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM): Rubeho, Ukaguru, Uluguru, and Udzungwa (Crocidura munissii). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax complex is significant as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015)." 22704180,Philemon kisserensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,kisserensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1885",Philemon citreogularis and P. kisserensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. citreogularis following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Andrew (1992). 103686144,Philemon moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,moluccensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Philemon moluccensis and P. plumigenis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. moluccensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103686165,Philemon plumigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,plumigenis,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)","Philemon moluccensis and P. plumigenis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. moluccensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103686493,Myzomela eques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,eques,,,,,"(Lesson & Garnot, 1827)","Myzomela eques and M. cineracea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. eques following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103686707,Myzomela erythrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,erythrina,,,,,"Ramsay, 1877","

Myzomela cruentata and M. erythrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. cruentata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103686661,Myzomela cruentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,cruentata,,,,,"Meyer, 1875","

Myzomela cruentata and M. erythrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. cruentata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22735330,Melipotes carolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melipotes,carolae,,,,,"Beehler, Prawiradilaga, de Fretes & Kemp, 2007","

Melipotes fumigatus and M. carolae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. fumigatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735776,Microptilotis albilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,albilineatus,,,,,"(White, 1917)","

Microptilotis albilineatus and M. fordianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Meliphaga albilineata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22735687,Microptilotis fordianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,fordianus,,,,,"(Schodde, 1989)","

Microptilotis albilineatus and M. fordianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Meliphaga albilineata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103690968,Gerygone citrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,citrina,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","

Gerygone flavolateralis and G. citrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. flavolateralis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103690932,Gerygone flavolateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,flavolateralis,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)","

Gerygone flavolateralis and G. citrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. flavolateralis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103691268,Calamanthus campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Calamanthus,campestris,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)","

Calamanthus campestris and C. montanellus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. campestris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103691606,Pitohui cerviniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Pitohui,cerviniventris,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)","

Pitohui kirhocephalus, P. cerviniventris and P. uropygialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. kirhocephalus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103691629,Oriolus finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,finschi,,,,,"Hartert, 1904","

Oriolus melanotis and O. finschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. melanotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103691651,Oriolus decipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,decipiens,,,,,"(Sclater, 1883)","Oriolus bouroensis and O. decipiens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. bouroensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103691647,Oriolus bouroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,bouroensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)","

Oriolus bouroensis and O. decipiens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. bouroensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103693158,Ptilorrhoa caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Ptilorrhoa,caerulescens,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)","

Ptilorrhoa caerulescens and P. geislerorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously listed as P. caerulescens following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693193,Cinclosoma castaneothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Cinclosoma,castaneothorax,,,,,"Gould, 1849","

Cinclosoma castaneothorax and C. marginatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. castaneothorax following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693263,Falcunculus whitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FALCUNCULIDAE,Falcunculus,whitei,,,,,"Campbell, 1910","

Falcunculus frontatus, F. whitei and F. leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. frontatus following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693352,Pachycephala richardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,richardsi,,,,,"Mayr, 1932","

Pachycephala implicata and P. richardsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. implicata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103693348,Pachycephala implicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,implicata,,,,,"Hartert, 1929","

Pachycephala implicata and P. richardsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. implicata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103693387,Pachycephala teysmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,teysmanni,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1893","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 112517405,Crocidura afeworkbekelei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,afeworkbekelei,,,,,"Lavrenchenko, Voyat & Hutterer, 2016","Crocidura afeworkbekelei is part of the C. glassi complex of Ethiopian endemics, which includes C. glassi, C. macmillani, C. baileyi and C. lucina (Lavrenchenko et al. 2016)." 112517512,Crocidura yaldeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,yaldeni,,,,,"Lavrenchenko, Voyat & Hutterer, 2016","Crocidura yaldeni is a sister species to C. thalia, with analysis showing a tendency for C. thalia and C. glassi to form a clade against C. yaldeni (Bannikova et al. 2001, Bannikova et al. 2005). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that genetic distances between C. yaldeni, and its two closest relatives, C. thalia and C. glassi, are within the range usually recorded for interspecific genetic differentiation within Crocidura (Bannikova et al. 2001, Bannikova et al. 2005). Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing revealed that C. yaldeni and C. macmillani form the most basal branch of the group of Ethiopian endemics (including C. glassi, C. thalia, C. lucina and C. baileyi), whereas C. thalia appears as sister to C. glassi (Lavrenchenko et al. 2009)." 103693557,Pteruthius flaviscapis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pteruthius,flaviscapis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)","

Pteruthius flaviscapis and P. aeralatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. flaviscapis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103693705,Hylophilus thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,thoracicus,,,,,"Temminck, 1822","

Hylophilus thoracicus and H. griseiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. thoracicus following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 112519468,Crocidura nimbasilvanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nimbasilvanus,,,,,"Hutterer, 2003","Crocidura nimbasilvanus has recently been split from C. goliath and is now known to be the sister taxon of C. nimbae, which is also endemic to West Africa (Jacquet et al. 2012)." 112527827,Pisidium dilatatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,dilatatum,,,,,"Westerlund, 1897","This species has been placed in the family Sphaeriidae, although some authors regard the Pisidium as worthy of listing as a distinct family, Pisiidae; traditionally, it is still placed as a subfamily of the Sphaeriidae.

This species was originally listed by Kuiper et al. (1989) as P. subtilestriatum, but this name is now realised to be synonym of P. dilatatum Westerlund, 1897." 170378,Bronchocela jubata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,jubata,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 170379,Bronchocela smaragdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Bronchocela,smaragdina,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 21133172,Aulostomus strigosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,AULOSTOMIDAE,Aulostomus,strigosus,,,,,"Wheeler, 1955", 9402,Gopherus flavomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Gopherus,flavomarginatus,,,,,"(Legler, 1959)","Gopherus huecoensis † Strain 1966, described from the Pleistocene of Texas, is considered a synonym of G. flavomarginatus, reflecting the previous wider distribution of this species into the southwestern USA, including Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona." 112664049,Syngnathus caspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,caspius,,,,,"Eichwald, 1831", 112664063,Syngnathus chihiroe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,chihiroe,,,,,"Matsunuma, 2017", 112664105,Hippocampus casscsio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,casscsio,,,,,"Zhang, Qin, Wang & Lin, 2016",This species is likely closely related to Hippocampus kuda and H. mohnikei. Further research is needed to identify the full extent of its range and how it overlaps with those of H. kuda and H. mohnikei (Zhang et al. 2016). 112681867,Oreophryne anser,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,anser,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112681978,Oreophryne aurora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,aurora,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112682055,Oreophryne banshee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,banshee,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112682074,Oreophryne equus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,equus,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112682111,Oreophryne lemur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,lemur,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112682140,Oreophryne matawan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,matawan,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112683307,Oreophryne meliades,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,meliades,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112683348,Oreophryne penelopeia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,penelopeia,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112683493,Oreophryne philosylleptoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,philosylleptoris,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112683609,Oreophryne picticrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,picticrus,,,,,"Kraus, 2016", 112683667,Oreophryne flavomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,flavomaculata,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2016", 112683940,Oreophryne choerophrynoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,choerophrynoides,,,,,"Günther, 2015", 112684052,Oreophryne pseudunicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,pseudunicolor,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2016", 78456119,Megophrys popei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,popei,,,,,"(Zhao, Yang, Chen, Chen & Wang, 2014)", 112685331,Microkayla chaupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,chaupi,,,,,"(De la Riva & Aparicio, 2016)", 112685544,Microkayla colla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,colla,,,,,"(De la Riva, Aparicio, Soto & Ríos in De la Riva & Aparicio, 2016)", 112685562,Microkayla melanocheira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,melanocheira,,,,,"(De la Riva, Ríos & Aparicio in De la Riva & Aparicio, 2016)", 112685808,Oreobates yanucu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,yanucu,,,,,"Köhler & Padial, 2016", 112686013,Oedipina berlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,berlini,,,,,"Kubicki, 2016", 112686106,Oedipina capitalina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,capitalina,,,,,"Solis, Espinal, Valle, O'Reilly, Itgen & Townsend, 2016",This is a split from the broader concept of Oedipina stuarti (Solis et al. 2016). 112686503,Oedipina kasios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,kasios,,,,,"McCranie, Vieites & Wake, 2008", 112686840,Nototriton nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,nelsoni,,,,,"Townsend, 2016",This is a split from the broader concept of Nototriton barbouri (Townsend 2016). 112686960,Nototriton oreadorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,oreadorum,,,,,"Townsend, 2016",This is a split from the broader concept of Nototriton barbouri (Townsend 2016). 112688544,Paramesotriton aurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,aurantius,,,,,"Yuan, Wu, Zhou & Che, 2016", 112688758,Gastrotheca spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,spectabilis,,,,,"Duellman & Venegas, 2016", 112688840,Gastrotheca oresbios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,oresbios,,,,,"Duellman & Venegas, 2016", 112689840,Minervarya chiangmaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,chiangmaiensis,,,,,"(Suwannapoom, Yuan, Poyarkov, Yan, Kamtaeja, Murphy & Che, 2016)", 112690622,Pristimantis ashaninka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ashaninka,,,,,"Lehr & Moravec, 2017", 112692905,Zhangixalus dorsoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,dorsoviridis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)",This is a restricted concept of Zhangixalus dorsoviridis following the split of the broader concept into this and Zhangixalus pinglongensis (Mo et al. 2016). 112693033,Zhangixalus pinglongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,pinglongensis,,,,,"(Mo, Chen, Liao & Zhou, 2016)","This is a split from the broader concept of Zhangixalus dorsoviridis (Mo et al. 2016)." 113264486,Amietia tenuoplicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,tenuoplicata,,,,,"(Pickersgill, 2007)","This species has previously been identified as Amietia angolensis, which has recently been found to harbour cryptic species (Channing and Baptista 2013). A. viridireticulata was synonymized under this species by Channing et al. (2016)." 112513345,Crocidura tansaniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,tansaniana,,,,,"Hutterer, 1986","Molecular analysis shows Crocidura tansaniana to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015). Although C. tansaniana appears to be endemic to the East and West Usambara mountains, it is a member of a complex that includes the Mt. Meru (Crocidura newmarki), the South Pares (C. usambarae), Ngorongoro (Crocidura ndumai), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and the middle Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM)- Rubeho, Ukaguru, Uluguru, and Udzungwa (Crocidura munissii). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax clade is significant as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015)." 10350,Dryophytes andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,andersonii,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55512,Dryophytes immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,immaculatus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1888)","The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. Dryophytes suweonensis was synonymised with this species by Dufresnes et al. (2016), but was resurrected again by Borzée et al. (2018)." 55519,Dryophytes japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,japonicus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)","This species is a member of the “Dryophytes japonicus group” (Hua et al. 2009), recently renamed from Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016), and as a clear split with the “Hyla arborea group” (sensu stricto Anderson and Green 1991). Borzée et al. (2020) doubt the synonymy of this species and Hyla stepheni.

Following a molecular phylogeography study, this species is thought to be a complex of two or more species, one with the range of Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan, and the Russian Far East islands of Kunashir and Sakhalin, and another with the range of southwestern Japan, the Korean peninsula, Transiberian China, Russia, and Mongolia (Dufresnes et al. 2016)." 55670,Dryophytes suweonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,suweonensis,,,,,"(Kuramoto, 1980)","This is a distinct species from the sympatric Hyla japonica (Kuramoto 1984, Yang and Park 1988, Lee and Park 1992, Lee et al. 1999,  Jang et al. 2011, Borzée et al. 2013). The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. Borzée et al. (2018) demonstrated that this species was distinct from D. immaculatus, and it is therefore retained as a separate species." 112716175,Capensibufo deceptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Capensibufo,deceptus,,,,,"Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017","High-altitude specimens from the Koeël Mountains may represent cryptic species, but have been provisionally assigned to Capensibufo deceptus by Channing et al. (2017)." 112716189,Capensibufo magistratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Capensibufo,magistratus,,,,,"Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017", 112716203,Capensibufo selenophos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Capensibufo,selenophos,,,,,"Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017","A low-altitude specimen from the Koeël Mountains may represent cryptic species, but have been provisionally assigned to Capensibufo deceptus by Channing et al. (2016)." 22720699,Mycerobas carnipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Mycerobas,carnipes,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 103693760,Vireolanius mikettae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireolanius,mikettae,,,,,"Hartert, 1900","

Vireolanius leucotis and V. mikettae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as V. leucotis following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103694110,Pericrocotus erythropygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,erythropygius,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1840)","

Pericrocotus erythropygius and P. albifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. erythropygius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103728181,Lycocorax pyrrhopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lycocorax,pyrrhopterus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)","

Lycocorax pyrrhopterus and L. obiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. pyrrhopterus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103728215,Lycocorax obiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lycocorax,obiensis,,,,,"Bernstein, 1865","

Lycocorax pyrrhopterus and L. obiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. pyrrhopterus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103728331,Parotia lawesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Parotia,lawesii,,,,,"Ramsay, 1885","

Parotia lawesii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split into P. lawesii and P. helenae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 103728360,Parotia berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Parotia,berlepschi,,,,,"Kleinschmidt, 1897","

Parotia carolae and P. berlepschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. carolae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103731114,Cnemophilus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CNEMOPHILIDAE,Cnemophilus,sanguineus,,,,,"Iredale, 1948","

Cnemophilus macgregorii and C. sanguineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. macgregorii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103731110,Cnemophilus macgregorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CNEMOPHILIDAE,Cnemophilus,macgregorii,,,,,"De Vis, 1890","

Cnemophilus macgregorii and C. sanguineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. macgregorii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735719,Petroica boodang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,boodang,,,,,"(Lesson, 1838)","

Petroica multicolor, P. pusilla and P. boodang (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. multicolor following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 17123,Dixonius melanostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,melanostictus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)","The record of this species from southern Vietnam, from Ma Da in Dong Nai Province (Bobrov 1992, Nguyen et al. 2009), is likely to represent a different species, and research is needed to confirm its assignment to D. melanostictus (V. S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017)." 169691,Dixonius siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,siamensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)",The taxonomic status of records attribute to this species from southern Vietnam needs to be confirmed (N.S. Nguyen pers. comm. 2017) 103734876,Petroica macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,macrocephala,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Petroica macrocephala and P. dannefaerdi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. macrocephala following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), Turbott (1990).

" 103737960,Drymodes superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Drymodes,superciliaris,,,,,"Gould, 1850","

Drymodes superciliaris and D. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. superciliaris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103758876,Sittiparus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Sittiparus,varius,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1848","

Sittiparus varius, S. owstoni, S. olivaceus and S. castaneoventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus varius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 171460,Limax graecus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LIMACIDAE,Limax,graecus,,,,,"Simroth, 1889", 103758992,Sittiparus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Sittiparus,olivaceus,,,,,"Kuroda Sr, 1923","Sittiparus varius, S. owstoni, S. olivaceus and S. castaneoventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus varius following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103758936,Sittiparus castaneoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Sittiparus,castaneoventris,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)","Sittiparus varius, S. owstoni, S. olivaceus and S. castaneoventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus varius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 157541,Clytus clavicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,clavicornis,,,,,"Reiche, 1860", 157716,Clytus triangulimacula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,triangulimacula,,,,,"Costa, 1847", 12471,Lygosoma haroldyoungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,haroldyoungi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)", 103765775,Mirafra javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,javanica,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821","

Mirafra javanica (Christidis and Boles [2008]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) and M. cantillans (Dowsett and Forbes-Watson [1993]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into M. javanica following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103761494,Poecile lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,lugubris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)","Poecile lugubris and P. hyrcanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus lugubris following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22732625,Melaniparus carpi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,carpi,,,,,"(Macdonald & Hall, 1957)","

Melaniparus niger and M. carpi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus niger following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22711674,Anthoscopus sylviella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Anthoscopus,sylviella,,,,,"Reichenow, 1904",

Anthoscopus caroli and A. sylviella (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. caroli following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22730531,Calendulauda erythrochlamys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,erythrochlamys,,,,,"(Strickland, 1853)",

Calendulauda erythrochlamys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Certhilauda erythrochlamys.

103765237,Mirafra apiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,apiata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)","

Mirafra apiata and M. fasciolata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. apiata following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103766090,Calandrella blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calandrella,blanfordi,,,,,"(Shelley, 1902)","

Calandrella cinerea, C. eremica and C. blanfordi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinerea following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

" 103766072,Calandrella eremica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calandrella,eremica,,,,,"(Reichenow & Peters, 1932)","

Calandrella cinerea, C. eremica and C. blanfordi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinerea following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

" 22713770,Apalis rufogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,rufogularis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)",

Apalis rufogularis and A. argentea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. rufogularis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22713825,Apalis alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,alticola,,,,,"(Shelley, 1899)",

Apalis cinerea and A. alticola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. cinerea following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22730835,Cisticola chubbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,chubbi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1892","

Cisticola chubbi and C. discolor (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into C. chubbi following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 178648,Tropidophorus laotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,laotus,,,,,"Smith, 1923", 103775575,Cisticola bailunduensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,bailunduensis,,,,,"Neumann, 1931",

Cisticola aberrans and C. bailunduensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. aberrans following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

103776144,Cisticola haematocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,haematocephalus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1868","

Cisticola galactotes, C. luapula, C. haematocephalus, C. lugubris and C. marginatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. galactotes following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103776048,Cisticola galactotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,galactotes,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)","

Cisticola galactotes, C. luapula, C. haematocephalus, C. lugubris and C. marginatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. galactotes following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 104012371,Acrocephalus mendanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,mendanae,,,,,"Tristram, 1883","

Acrocephalus mendanae and A. percernis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. mendanae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 104011899,Acrocephalus percernis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,percernis,,,,,"(Wetmore, 1919)","

Acrocephalus mendanae and A. percernis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. mendanae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103783163,Helopsaltes fasciolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Helopsaltes,fasciolata,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)","

As part of their overhaul of the Locustellidae (see below) Alström et al. (2018) introduced the generic name Helopsaltes to cover the monophyletic group of Locustella warbler species ochotensis, pleskei, certhiola, pryeri, fasciolata and amnicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). They found no morphological diagnostic characters, but identified a clear difference in voice. 

Before this genus change, Locustella fasciolata and L. amnicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously treated as a single species, L. fasciolata, following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Monotypic.

" 22735632,Locustella kashmirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,kashmirensis,,,,,"(Sushkin, 1925)",

Locustella thoracica and L. kashmirensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Bradypterus thoracicus following Round and Loskot (1995).

103785851,Locustella thoracica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,thoracica,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)",

Locustella thoracica and L. kashmirensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Bradypterus thoracicus following Round and Loskot (1995).

103785896,Locustella montis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,montis,,,,,"(E. Hartert, 1896)",

Bradypterus montis and B. timorensis (Dickinson et al. [2000]) have been lumped into Locustella montis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

103812653,Cecropis hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Cecropis,hyperythra,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)",

Cecropis daurica and C. hyperythra (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hirundo daurica (BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group).

 

104006414,Hirundo tahitica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,tahitica,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","

Hirundo tahitica and H. domicola (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped, and subsequently split into H. tahitica and H. javanica following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

 

" 103815494,Riparia cowani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Riparia,cowani,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1882)","

Riparia paludicola, R. cowani and R. chinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. paludicola following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 5670,Crocodylus rhombifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,rhombifer,,,,,"Cuvier, 1807","There is strong evidence, based on morphology and genetic analyses, that widespread hybridization is taking place with Crocodylus acutus in the Cuban Archipelago (Milian-Garcia et al. 2014)." 4037,Catopuma badia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Catopuma,badia,,,,,"(Gray, 1874)","Johnson et al. (2006) and Eizirik et al. (submitted) placed the Borneo Bay Cat (Catopuma badia) with the Asiatic Golden Cat (C. temminckii) and Marbled Cat (Pardofelis marmorata) in the genus Pardofelis, representing one of the earliest felid radiations (O'Brien and Johnson 2007). The Borneo Bay Cat is not a small island form of the Asiatic Golden Cat, as previously thought, having diverged from its extant relatives approximately four million years ago, well before the separation of Borneo from the mainland (Johnson et al. 1999, O'Brien and Johnson 2007).

An evaluation of skull morphology by Sicuro and Oliveira (2011) revealed that skull structure in Pardofelis is quite different from that in Catopuma. Moreover, Pardofelis has a flexible ankle joint and elongated tail, presumably adaptations to arboreality, which are lacking in Catopuma. Based on these morphological differences and the early split of the Asiatic Golden Cat and the Borneo Bay Cat from the Marbled Cat in the Late Miocene (5.86 Mya), the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group retains both the Borneo Bay Cat and Asiatic Golden Cat in Catopuma (CCTF in prep.)" 112949827,Orbiraja jensenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Orbiraja,jensenae,,,,,"(Last & Lim, 2010)",This species has been relocated from the genus Okamejei to Orbiraja (Last et al. 2016a). 155169,Bathylychnops brachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Bathylychnops,brachyrhynchus,,,,,"(Parr, 1937)", 62172832,Tyto almae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,almae,,,,,"Jønsson, Poulsen, Haryoko, Reeve & Fabre, 2013",Tyto almae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was described by Jønsson et al. (2013). 61915442,Otus pamelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,pamelae,,,,,"Bates, 1937","Otus senegalensis, O. feae, O. pamelae and O. socotranus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. senegalensis. Before then, O. senegalensis, plus O. scops, O. sunia and O. alius (the latter three sensu del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), AOU (1998) and Rasmussen (1998). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as O. scops following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61915715,Otus socotranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,socotranus,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899)","Otus senegalensis, O. feae, O. pamelae and O. socotranus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. senegalensis. Before then, O. senegalensis, plus O. scops, O. sunia and O. alius (the latter three sensu del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), AOU (1998) and Rasmussen (1998). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as O. scops following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103762456,Melaniparus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,niger,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Melaniparus niger and M. carpi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus niger following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 44996,Squatina africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,africana,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 41667,Zalophus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,OTARIIDAE,Zalophus,japonicus,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)","The Japanese Sea Lion has sometimes been considered a subspecies of Zalophus californianus, Z. c. japonicus. Rice (1998) argued for the retention of Z. californianus, Z. japonicus, and Z. wollebaeki as distinct species without providing new evidence. From studies of skull morphology Brunner (2003) argued for species status for these three taxa. In addition, Sakahira and Niimi (2007) and Wolf et al. (2007) provide genetic evidence that Z. japonicus is best considered a separate species." 103817273,Bleda notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Bleda,notatus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)",

Bleda notatus and B. ugandae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. notatus following Chappuis and Erard (1993).

 

22712940,Phyllastrephus lorenzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,lorenzi,,,,,"Sassi, 1914","Phyllastrephus icterinus and P. lorenzi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. icterinus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Fishpool and Tobias (2005)." 103819928,Alophoixus griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,griseiceps,,,,,"(Hume, 1873)","

Alophoixus pallidus and A. griseiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. pallidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103819799,Alophoixus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,pallidus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)","

Alophoixus pallidus and A. griseiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. pallidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103821125,Alophoixus ruficrissus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,ruficrissus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)","

Alophoixus ochraceus and A. ruficrissus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. ochraceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103821499,Alophoixus frater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,frater,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)","

Alophoixus bres, A. frater and A. tephrogenys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. bres following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103822666,Hemixos connectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hemixos,connectens,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1887)","

Hemixos flavala , H. cinereus and H. connectens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. flavala following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103823086,Ixos sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixos,sumatranus,,,,,"(Wardlaw Ramsay, 1882)","

Ixos virescens and I. sumatranus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hypsipetes virescens following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103823071,Ixos virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixos,virescens,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)","Ixos virescens and I. sumatranus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hypsipetes virescens following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103824080,Hypsipetes ganeesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,ganeesa,,,,,"Sykes, 1832","

Hypsipetes leucocephalus and H. ganeesa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. leucocephalus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103833944,Pycnonotus davisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,davisoni,,,,,"(Hume, 1875)","

Pycnonotus finlaysoni and P. davisoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. finlaysoni following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103834609,Pycnonotus cinereifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,cinereifrons,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)","

Pycnonotus plumosus and P. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. plumosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103842855,Hypsipetes harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,harterti,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1912)","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103842202,Hypsipetes aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,aureus,,,,,"(Walden, 1872)","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103841328,Hypsipetes lucasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,lucasi,,,,,"Hartert, 1903","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103845379,Phylloscopus sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,sumatrensis,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","

Phylloscopus sumatrensis and P. grammiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Seicercus grammiceps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735629,Phylloscopus xanthodryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,xanthodryas,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1863)","

Phylloscopus borealis , P. examinandus and P. xanthodryas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. borealis following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Christidis and Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103870959,Aegithalos annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,annamensis,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)","

Aegithalos concinnus, A. iredalei and A. annamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. concinnus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103872581,Sylvia abyssinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Sylvia,abyssinica,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)",

Sylvia abyssinica and S. atriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pseudoalcippe abyssinica following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22734798,Curruca balearica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,balearica,,,,,"(von Jordans, 1913)","

Sylvia sarda and S. balearica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. sarda following Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 
Previously placed in Sylvia but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly treated as a subspecies of C. sarda, but differs in its paler throat (1); paler belly and flanks (1); smaller size (effect size for wing based on published data (Shirihai et al. 2001) –3.5, score 2); somewhat different song (to which the other species does not respond; allow 2); clearly different contact calls (at least 2); and migratory pattern (1). Monotypic.

" 103886982,Suthora brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,brunnea,,,,,"Anderson, 1871","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Sinosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered conspecific with S. ricketti as Paradoxornis brunneus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) (see related note). 
Elsewhere considered conspecific with S. webbiana (and S. alphonsiana) by some authors, but widely accepted treatment as separate species supported by differences in skeletal features of skull. Ranges of nominate and styani meet at S end of Dali Valley, at least; latter may be result of secondary intergradation, but museum specimens appear uniform in plumage characters, suggesting that it is a valid subspecies. Two subspecies recognized.

" 103887001,Suthora ricketti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,ricketti,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1922)","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Sinosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered conspecific with S. brunnea as Paradoxornis brunneus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), but differs genetically (Yeung et al. 2011) and in its creamy-white vs blackish iris (3); black eyering with whitish area immediately around it (2); paler head sides than crown, giving capped appearance (ns1); long narrow brown streaks on greyish-white chin to lower breast vs on pinkish-buff throat with plainer pinkish-buff breast (1); marginally paler belly (ns); darker chestnut crown to mantle, although this not apparent on all specimens (ns); more rasping calls (allow 1) (Wright et al. 2014). Monotypic.

" 103888874,Zosterops borbonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,borbonicus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Zosterops borbonicus and Z. mauritianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. borbonicus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103888890,Zosterops mauritianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,mauritianus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Zosterops borbonicus and Z. mauritianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. borbonicus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103889260,Zosterops abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,abyssinicus,,,,,"Guérin-Méneville, 1843","

Zosterops abyssinicus and Z. flavilateralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. abyssinicus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103889267,Zosterops flavilateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,flavilateralis,,,,,"Reichenow, 1892","

Zosterops abyssinicus and Z. flavilateralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. abyssinicus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103889885,Zosterops kirki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,kirki,,,,,"Shelley, 1880","

Zosterops maderaspatanus , Z. kirki and Z. semiflavus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. maderaspatanus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103891215,Zosterops kikuyuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,kikuyuensis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1891","

Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103891241,Zosterops eurycricotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,eurycricotus,,,,,"Fischer & Reichenow, 1884","

Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103892101,Zosterops hamlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,hamlini,,,,,"Murphy, 1929","

Zosterops rendovae and Z. hamlini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. rendovae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103892086,Zosterops rendovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,rendovae,,,,,"Tristram, 1882","

Zosterops rendovae and Z. hamlini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. rendovae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103892720,Zosterops ponapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,ponapensis,,,,,"Finsch, 1876","

Zosterops cinereus and Z. ponapensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. cinereus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103892693,Zosterops cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,cinereus,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1832)","

Zosterops cinereus and Z. ponapensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. cinereus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 178214,Varanus salvator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,salvator,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","The former subspecies Varanus salvator togianus (Peters, 1872), V. s. nuchalis, V. s. cumingi, and Varanus salvator marmoratus (WIiegmann, 1834) have been elevated to full species status (Koch et al. 2007), but Varanus salvator remains polytypic (Koch et al. 2013)." 161638,Squatina legnota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,legnota,,,,,"Last & White, 2008", 67599909,Neisopsallus lutosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Neisopsallus,lutosus,,,,,"(White, 1878)", 103893368,Pomatorhinus phayrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,phayrei,,,,,"Blyth, 1847","

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus and P. phayrei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. ferruginosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103894706,Mixornis flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Mixornis,flavicollis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Mixornis flavicollis and M. prillwitzi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Macronous flavicollis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103869063,Illadopsis distans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,distans,,,,,"(Friedmann, 1928)","

Illadopsis rufipennis and I. distans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. rufipennis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103869220,Pellorneum capistratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,capistratum,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)","

Pellorneum capistratum and P. nigrocapitatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. capistratum following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103871509,Argya somervillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,somervillei,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)","

Previously placed in Turdoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019) - although this taxon was not included in that analysis, the frequent treatment of this taxon and A. striata as one species (as previously here, following Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) suggests it also belongs in Argya.
Differs from A. striata in its vaguely scalloped vs vaguely streaked breast (2); black edges to primaries forming bold black panel on closed wing (3); stronger rufous tinge to lower underparts and buffy-rufous vs pale grey rump (2); parapatric distribution or very narrow zone of hybridization (assume latter; score 2) with A. s. malabarica in S of range. Monotypic.


" 103871930,Ianthocincla cineracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,cineracea,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1874)","

Previously listed as Garrulax cineraceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Prior to this treated as conspecific with I. cinereiceps as G. cineraceus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Taxonomic status of populations in SC & SW Sichuan (and perhaps elsewhere in this region) unclear; here presumed to belong with I. cinereiceps. Two subspecies currently recognized.

" 103872142,Pterorhinus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,chinensis,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","

Previously treated as Garrulax chinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Prior to this was considered conspecific with P. monachus as G. chinensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Form “lugens” (from Indochina) is a dark morph of nominate subspecies. Four subspecies recognized.

" 103872315,Pterorhinus treacheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,treacheri,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)","

Previously treated as Garrulax treacheri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Until recently considered conspecific with P. mitratus as G. mitratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Three subspecies recognized.

" 103872810,Pterorhinus woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,woodi,,,,,"Finn, 1902","

Previously treated as Garrulax woodi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Until recently considered conspecific with P. lanceolatus as Babax lanceolatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), with arguments for and against separation (Collar 2006, Rasmussen & Anderton 2005); split now accepted here based in part on new vocal analysis, present species differing in its bolder-patterned crown (2); black vs dark chestnut submoustachial stripe (1); fuller, darker-centred streaking on lower underparts (1); somewhat longer bill (allow 1) but slightly shorter tail (allow 1) (sample sizes small but pattern consistent for both sexes); “different” voice (as reported by multiple observers), tentatively assessed here on small available sample as involving a greater number of notes per song phrase (2) and more complex note shape (1) (Boesman 2016). Monotypic.

" 178393,Isopachys anguinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Isopachys,anguinoides,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 113263541,Amietia delalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,delalandii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","This species was resurrected from synonymy with Amietia angolensis by Channing et al. (2016) and Amietia dracomontana and A. quecketti have both been synonymised with this species. 

It occurs in sympatry with A. inyangae, A. fuscigula, A. vertebralis and A. poyntoni. A. quecketti records from Namibia have been assigned to A. poyntoni." 22706068,Corvus corax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,corax,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22710072,Phoenicurus erythrogastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,erythrogastrus,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1775)", 22715278,Phylloscopus griseolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,griseolus,,,,,"Blyth, 1847", 54359,Amietia vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,vertebralis,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1927)","This species has a confusing taxonomic history which has been reviewed several times (Tarrant et al. 2008, Channing 2015). Most recently known as Amietia umbraculata, Channing (2015) reverted the name to A. vertebralis based on examination of type specimens and Zoological Nomenclature rules. Channing et al. (2016) showed that the species forms a well-supported clade and is the sister species to Amietia delalandii with which it is synoptic." 14326,Nannospalax ehrenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Nannospalax,ehrenbergi,,,,,"(Nehring, 1898)","Karyotype highly polymorphic with over 30 chromosomal forms. At least some of these forms are likely to be distinct species (e.g., four new species are recognized by Musser and Carleton 2005, namely Spalax carmeli, S. galili, S. golani and S. judae). Taxonomic work needs to be carried out on this group (Nannospalax ehrenbergi, leucodon and nehringi [now xanthodon]); until that is done the new splits in the ehrenbergi group are not followed here." 14328,Nannospalax leucodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Nannospalax,leucodon,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1840)","It is likely that the species will be split into several species. Taxonomic work needs to be carried out on this group (ehrenbergi, leucodon and nehringi [now xanthodon])." 14327,Nannospalax xanthodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Nannospalax,xanthodon,,,,,"(Nordman, 1840)","It is likely that the species will be split into several species. The karyotype is highly polymorphic with over 30 chromosomal forms. At least some of these forms may be distinct species. Taxonomic work needs to be carried out on this group (ehrenbergi, leucodon and nehringi [now xanthodon])." 22734251,Phylloscopus intensior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,intensior,,,,,"Deignan, 1956",

Phylloscopus intensior (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as P. davisoni.

165352,Theodoxus fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 58185,Amietia desaegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,desaegeri,,,,,"(Laurent, 1972)", 113476528,Rhipidomys albujai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,albujai,,,,,"Brito & Ojala-Barbour, 2017", 276,Acomys wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,wilsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1892", 45331497,Amietia fuscigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,fuscigula,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)","A study by Channing and Baptista (2013) based on mitochondrial DNA, advertisement calls and morphology splits this form into two distantly related taxa, which were previously assessed together: Amietia fuscigula (Duméril and Bibron 1841) from the southwestern Cape and a recently described species, Amietia poyntoni. The species occurs in sympatry with A. delalandii, A. vandijki, and A. poyntoni." 178228,Cyrtodactylus wakeorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,wakeorum,,,,,"Bauer, 2003", 169690,Dixonius hangseesom,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,hangseesom,,,,,"Bauer, Sumontha, Grossmann, Pauwels & Vogel, 2004", 113551876,Galloisiana kosuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,GRYLLOBLATTODEA,GRYLLOBLATTIDAE,Galloisiana,kosuensis,,,,,"Namkung, 1974","This species was described from Danyang, Republic of Korea, under the name of Galloisiana kosuensis Namkung, 1974." 113552199,Galloisiana odaesanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,GRYLLOBLATTODEA,GRYLLOBLATTIDAE,Galloisiana,odaesanensis,,,,,"Kim & Lee, 2007","This species was originally described from Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, under the name of Galloisiana odaesanensis Kim and Lee, 2007." 22682164,Ramphastos toco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,toco,,,,,"Müller, 1776", 22688927,Bubo bubo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,bubo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 113609811,Zospeum kupitzense,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Zospeum,kupitzense,,,,,"(A. Stummer, 1984)",Z. kupitzense is elevated from subspecies rank (Z. alpestre kupitzense) based on a clear differentiation of columellar configuration and lamellar extension outside the aperture (Jochum et al. 2015). 22679464,Lagopus muta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lagopus,muta,,,,,"(Montin, 1776)", 10871,Isopachys gyldenstolpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Isopachys,gyldenstolpei,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1916", 178551,Isopachys roulei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Isopachys,roulei,,,,,"(Angel, 1920)", 178443,Lygosoma anguinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,anguinum,,,,,"(Theobald, 1868)","Ongoing molecular research suggests that Lygosoma anguinum is a large species complex exhibiting a high level of paraphyly (A. Miller pers. comm. 2018), and efforts are underway to clarify the systematics of this and related taxa (A. Miller, C. Siler and E. Freitas unpubl. data). Although as presently understood the species has a wide range in Myanmar and adjacent areas of Thailand, samples from the type locality are required to accurately define species limits in this group (A. Miller pers. comm. 2018)." 113770902,Nothophryne baylissi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Nothophryne,baylissi,,,,,"Conradie, Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Loader, Menegon & Tolley, 2018",This is a split from the broader concept of Nothophryne broadleyi (Conradie et al. 2018). 89113424,Pulchrana grandocula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,grandocula,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Pulchrana guttmani (Brown 2015). 58556,Pulchrana banjarana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,banjarana,,,,,"(Leong & Lim, 2003)",Adults and larvae of this montane species have previously been misidentified as either Hylarana signata or H. glandulosa. The species was transferred to Pulchrana by Oliver et al. (2015). 58558,Pulchrana baramica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,baramica,,,,,"(Boettger, 1901)","Hylarana laterimaculata was removed from the synonymy of this species by Leong Tzi Ming et al. (2003). The species was transferred to Pulchrana by Oliver et al. (2015). 

Further taxonomic work is required on this species as it is a complex (M. Munir pers. comm. May 2017), and it is morphologically similar to P. laterimaculata and P. glandulosa which could cause confusion for identification in the field (M. Munir pers. comm. May 2017)." 58603,Pulchrana glandulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,glandulosa,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 58658,Pulchrana mangyanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,mangyanum,,,,,"(Brown & Guttman, 2002)", 58669,Pulchrana moellendorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,moellendorffi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)", 78935167,Pulchrana rawa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,rawa,,,,,"Matsui, Mumpuni & Hamidy, 2012", 178572,Cyrtodactylus ayeyarwadyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,ayeyarwadyensis,,,,,"Bauer, 2003", 113828575,Panaspis duruarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,duruarum,,,,,"(Monard, 1949)", 113828592,Panaspis seydeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,seydeli,,,,,"(De Witte, 1933)","Fuhn (1964) synonymized Ablepharus anselli within Panaspis tancredi; accepting this, Jacobsen and Broadley (2000) also formally synonymized A. moeruensis and A. seydeli within this species based on the types' possession of identical scale characters. Largen and Spawls (2006) dispute this on geographical grounds given the wide distances between the known localities and the lack of evidence for populations between these areas. This issue does not seem to have been investigated subsequently, however, Largen and Spawls (2010) report that P. tancredi is known only from the holotype. Medina et al. (2016) were unable to clarify the relationship between P. tancredi and P. seydeli in the absence of confirmed material of the former, but on the basis of their results consider A. anselli and A. moruensis to be junior synonyms of a distinct P. seydeli as previously proposed by Broadley and Cotterill (2004), but caution that better sampling may reveal that these taxa warrant recognition as distinct species." 178289,Cyrtodactylus annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,annandalei,,,,,"Bauer, 2003", 178367,Cyrtodactylus brevidactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,brevidactylus,,,,,"Bauer, 2002", 178736,Cyrtodactylus chrysopylos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,chrysopylos,,,,,"Bauer, 2003", 178567,Cyrtodactylus feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,feae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 178561,Cyrtodactylus sumonthai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,sumonthai,,,,,"Bauer, Pauwels & Chanhome, 2002", 178331,Subdoluseps frontoparietalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Subdoluseps,frontoparietalis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1962)", 12472,Lygosoma koratense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,koratense,,,,,"Smith, 1917", 178337,Scincella punctatolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,punctatolineata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 178684,Tropidophorus latiscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,latiscutatus,,,,,"Hikida, Orlov, Nabhitabhata & Ota, 2002", 170380,Calotes chincollium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,chincollium,,,,,"Vindum, 2003","The original description of Calotes chincollium indicated morphological differences between southern and northern records (Vindum et al. 2003). It is possible that the southern population may warrant recognition as a separate species, and research is recommended to investigate this (G. Wogan pers. comm. 2017)." 113874173,Dixonius kaweesaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Dixonius,kaweesaki,,,,,"Sumontha, Chomngam, Phanamphon, Pawangkhanant, Viriyapanon, Thanaprayotsak & Pauwels, 2017", 113887829,Mantophryne insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Mantophryne,insignis,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2016", 113888153,Theloderma annae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,annae,,,,,"Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Ngo & Ziegler, 2016", 105209514,Craugastor stejnegerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,stejnegerianus,,,,,"(Cope, 1893)","This species is distributed along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica from the Panamanian border northward to the Cordillera de Tilarán (Crawford 2003). The Cordillera de Tilarán subpopulations could potentially represent yet one more undescribed species (Crawford 2003, J. Savage, pers. comm. in Arias et al. 2016), which could eventually leave this species restricted to the Pacific lowlands, roughly south of the City of Puntarenas (Arias et al. 2016)." 194359,Lutjanus quinquelineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,quinquelineatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)",This species has been referred to as Lutjanus spilurus (Allen 1985). 80386509,Hyperolius bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,bocagei,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867",There is considerable uncertainty around the taxonomic status of this species (S. Loader pers. comm. November 2015). 76317611,Hyperolius dartevellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,dartevellei,,,,,"Laurent, 1943",This species has been split from Hyperolius adspersus (Channing et al. 2013). 58570,Nidirana chapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Nidirana,chapaensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)","Specimens from Viet Nam that are currently allocated to Babina lini might actually be B. chapaensis. This species was previously believed to have been found in Thailand and Xieng Khouang Province in Lao People's Democratic Republic, however the population has now been confirmed as belonging to Babina lini (Chuaynkern et al. 2010)." 43340087,Ichthyophis nguyenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,nguyenorum,,,,,"Nishikawa, Matsui & Orlov, 2012", 54645,Ingerophrynus galeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,galeatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Some populations of Ingerophrynus galeatus in central Viet Nam are believed to have been misidentified and actually belong to Ingerophrynus macrotis which needs to be confirmed (T. Nguyen pers. comm. March 2015). 54699,Ingerophrynus macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,macrotis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","Some subpopulations in central Viet Nam that have been identified as Ingerophrynus galeatus may actually belong to Ingerophrynus macrotis, although this needs to be confirmed (T. Nguyen pers. comm. March 2015)." 58976,Kurixalus baliogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,baliogaster,,,,,"(Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999)", 136069,Leptobrachium mouhoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,mouhoti,,,,,"Stuart, Sok & Neang, 2006", 57558,Leptobrachium pullum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,pullum,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)","This species was previously considered a synonym of Leptobrachium hasseltii sensu lato. Records from Thailand (Chan-ard et al. 1999; Manthey and Grossmann 1997) and perhaps from Lao People's Democratic Republic (Stuart 1999) refer to L. smithi, while some records from Viet Nam (Inger et al. 1999) pertain to L. xanthospilum." 48101669,Leptobrachella firthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,firthi,,,,,"(Rowley, Hoang, Dau, Le & Cao, 2012)", 57576,Leptobrachella tuberosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,tuberosa,,,,,"(Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999)", 88340811,Limnonectes dabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,dabanus,,,,,"(Smith, 1922)",Limnonectes toumanoffi has been synonymized under this species by Stuart et al. (2006). 58337,Limnonectes gyldenstolpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,gyldenstolpei,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 135880,Limnonectes poilani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,poilani,,,,,"(Bourret, 1942)",We follow Ohler et al. (2002) in treating this as a species distinct from Limnonectes kohchangae. 88370789,Nanorana aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,aenea,,,,,"(Smith, 1922)",Nanorana fansipani has been synonymized under this species by Dubois and Ohler (2005). 58421,Nanorana bourreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nanorana,bourreti,,,,,"(Dubois, 1987)", 58555,Odorrana banaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,banaorum,,,,,"(Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)", 57586,Megophrys microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,microstoma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)",We follow Ohler (2003) in considering Ophryophryne poilani to be a junior synonym of O. microstoma. 16129,Paramesotriton deloustali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,deloustali,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)", 58993,Rhacophorus exechopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,exechopygus,,,,,"Inger, Orlov & Darevsky, 1999", 135986,Rhacophorus kio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,kio,,,,,"Ohler & Delorme, 2005",We follow Ohler and Delorme (2006) in separating this species from Rhacophorus reinwardtii. Some populations of this species have previously been treated as Rhacophorus nigropalmatus. 59010,Rhacophorus orlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,orlovi,,,,,"Ziegler & Köhler, 2001", 187827,Theloderma lateriticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,lateriticum,,,,,"Bain, Nguyen & Doan, 2009", 112518189,Crocidura goliath,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,goliath,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","This species is part of the C. olivieri complex, which is composed of C. olivieri, C. fulvastra, C. viaria and C. goliath (Jacquet et al. 2015). C. goliath was previously considered a large forest variant of C. olivieri (Heim de Balsac 1970) until it was found to live in sympatry with C. olivieri, within Minkébé Forest in NE Gabon (Goodman et al. 2001) and Monte Alen National Park in Equatorial Guinea (Lasso et al. 1996)." 114014629,Sphenomorphus cryptotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,cryptotis,,,,,"Darevsky, Orlov & Cuc 2004", 29660,Sorex alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,alpinus,,,,,"Schinz, 1837", 5616,Crocidura religiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,religiosa,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1827)","In the past reported as C. nana (Osborn & Helmy 1980). but the two are clearly different (Corbet 1978, Hutterer in Wilson & Reeder 2005)." 114104884,Pristimantis attenboroughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,attenboroughi,,,,,"Lehr & von May, 2017", 114106232,Dendropsophus vraemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,vraemi,,,,,"Caminer, Milá, Jansen, Fouquet, Venegas, Chávez, Lougheed & Ron, 2017", 114106467,Bryophryne phuyuhampatu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Bryophryne,phuyuhampatu,,,,,"Catenazzi, Ttito, Díaz & Shepack, 2017", 114106772,Phrynopus anancites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,anancites,,,,,"Rodríguez & Catenazzi, 2017", 114106920,Phrynopus capitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,capitalis,,,,,"Rodríguez & Catenazzi, 2017", 114106982,Phrynopus dumicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,dumicola,,,,,"Rodríguez & Catenazzi, 2017", 114107064,Phrynopus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,personatus,,,,,"Rodríguez & Catenazzi, 2017", 114107105,Ansonia teneritas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,teneritas,,,,,"Waser, Schweizer, Haas, Das, Jankowski, Min & Hertwig, 2017", 114107161,Leptobrachella itiokai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,itiokai,,,,,"Eto, Matsui & Nishikawa, 2016", 114107654,Sigalegalephrynus mandailinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sigalegalephrynus,mandailinguensis,,,,,"Smart, Sarker, Arifin, Harvey, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017", 114107682,Sigalegalephrynus minangkabauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sigalegalephrynus,minangkabauensis,,,,,"Smart, Sarker, Arifin, Harvey, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017", 58804,Nyctixalus margaritifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Nyctixalus,margaritifer,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 58806,Nyctixalus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Nyctixalus,pictus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 41095,Nyctimystes infrafrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,infrafrenatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Frost et al. (2006) and Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Kraus (2012) and Clulow and Swan (2018).

This form might be a complex of more than one species (S. Richards pers. comm.)." 114114587,Philautus nephophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,nephophilus,,,,,"Dehling, Matsui & Yambun Imbun, 2016",This is a split from the broader concept of Philautus mjobergi (Dehling et al. 2016). 114114723,Philautus mjobergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,mjobergi,,,,,"Smith, 1925", 114116519,Odorrana mutschmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,mutschmanni,,,,,"Pham, Nguyen, Le, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2016", 114116531,Leptobrachella petrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,petrops,,,,,"(Rowley, Dau, Hoang, Le, Cutajar & Nguyen, 2017)", 111747853,Crocidura absconditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,absconditus,,,,,"Esselstyn, Achmadi & Maharadatunkamsi, 2014 ","Morphological and molecular evidence clearly support the distinction of C. absconditus from all other species known from Java (Esselstyn et al. 2014). Cytochrome-b analysis reveals it has no close relatives, although some evidence suggests it as sister to C. negligens from Malaysia (Demos et al. 2016)." 5042,Brassomys albidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Brassomys,albidens,,,,,"(Tate, 1951)", 91109639,Margaritifera falcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,falcata,,,,,"(Gould, 1850)","Gould (1850) originally described the species from “Wallawalla, Oregon; Sacramento River, California” and placed the species under the genus Alasmodon (Alasmodonta). Trask (1855) described Alasmodon yubaensis from the Yuba River in California. Lea (1856) synonymized both Alasmodon falcata and Alasmodon yubaensis under Margaritana margaritifera. The species has variously been assigned to different genera, including both Margaritana (Schumacher, 1817) and Margaritanopsis (Haas, 1910); Henderson (1935) recognized the genus Margaritifera, listing the species as Margaritifera margaritifera falcata. Heard and Guckert (1970) and Turgeon, et al. (1998) have since established Margaritifera falcata at the species level. A list of synonyms can be found at the Mussel Project Web Site: MUSSELp (Graf and Cummings 2015)." 91149898,Anodonta nuttalliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,nuttalliana,,,,,"Lea, I., 1838","

Lea (1838) originally described Anodonta nuttalliana and Anodonta wahlamatensis from the Wahlamat R. [Willamette River], Oregon. A. wahlamatensis was later synonymized under A. nuttalliana by Call (1884) and Turgeon et al. (1998). Work by Chong et al. (2008) revealed that western North American Anodonta species are comprised of three genetically distinct lineages. One of these clades includes two of Lea's described species, A. nuttalliana Lea, 1838 and A. californiensis Lea, 1852. Mock et al. (2010) found that these two putative species as identified based on shell morphology, co-occurred in major western hydrologic basins. However, Anodonta specimens from the same populations, regardless of shell morphology, were more closely related to each other than to specimens having the same morphotype from other populations. Based on the findings of Chong et al. (2008), Bieler (2015) lists A. californiensis as a synonym of A. nuttalliana. Additionally, work by Mock et al. (2010; 2013) indicates that populations within major hydrologic basins across the west are distinct genetically. A detailed list of synonyms can be found at the Mussel Project Web Site: MUSSELp (Graf and Cummings 2015).

" 189487,Anodonta oregonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Anodonta,oregonensis,,,,,"Lea, 1838","

Lea (1838) originally described Anodonta oregonensis from the Wahlamat R. [Willamette River], Oregon. Simpson (1900) subsequently synonymized Anodon cognata Gould, 1850 (Locality: Oregon). Work by Chong et al. (2008) revealed that western North American Anodonta species are comprised of three genetically distinct lineages. One of these clades includes two of Lea's described species, A. oregonensis Lea, 1838 and A. kennerlyi Lea, 1860. Based on this work, Bieler (2015) lists A. kennerlyi as a synonym of A. oregonensis. A detailed list of synonyms can also be found at the Mussel Project Web Site: MUSSELp (Graf and Cummings 2015).

" 58458,Platymantis dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,dorsalis,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)","Species that have been identified as Platymantis dorsalis need to be re-examined. Frogs of the dorsalis Group share many morphological features and closely resemble one another, which is perhaps the main reason for the failure of earlier herpetologists to separate them as valid species. We consider P. meyeri Günther, 1873 to be a synonym of P. dorsalis following Brown and Inger (1964)." 114139483,Pristimantis leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,leopardus,,,,,"Rivera-Correa, Jiménez-Rivillas & Daza-R., 2017", 114139578,Gracixalus sapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,sapaensis,,,,,"Matsui, Ohler, Eto & Nguyen, 2017","Previously thought to be a Vietnamese population of Gracixalus carinensis, G. sapaensis was described in 2017 as a distinct species on the basis of morphological differences (Matsui et al. 2017). True Gracixalus carinensis is likely restricted to Myanmar." 173073,Gonidea angulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Gonidea,angulata,,,,,"(Lea, 1838)","

Lea (1838) originally placed the species in the genus Anodonta and described a specimen from the type locality “Lewis R., Ore”. Gould (1850) later described Anodon feminalis, which Lea (1852) revised back to Anodonta angulata. Trask (1855) described Anodonta randallii from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, which Lea (1856) also revised back to Anodonta angulata. Sowerby (1869) described Anodon biangulata, which Lea (1870) synonymized with Anodonta angulata. Cooper (1894) recognized Margaritana subangulata, and Arnold (1909) recognized Gonidea coalingensis and Gonidea coalingensis cooperi. Graf and Cummings (2015) list each of these as synonyms of Gonidea angulata. A list of synonyms can be found at the Mussel Project Web Site: MUSSELp (Graf and Cummings 2015).

" 114154997,Acanthurus albimento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,albimento,,,,,"Carpenter, Williams & Santos, 2017", 114155029,Acropoma boholensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACROPOMATIDAE,Acropoma,boholensis,,,,,"Yamanoue & Matsuura, 2002", 114155070,Alepocephalus andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Alepocephalus,andersoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114155120,Rouleina euryops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ALEPOCEPHALIDAE,Rouleina,euryops,,,,,"Sazonov, 1999", 114155173,Xenaploactis anopta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Xenaploactis,anopta,,,,,"Poss & Eschmeyer, 1980", 114155281,Acanthosphex leurynnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Acanthosphex,leurynnis,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1905)", 114155385,Cocotropus dermacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Cocotropus,dermacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 114155499,Cocotropus roseomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Cocotropus,roseomaculatus,,,,,"Imamura & Shinohara, 2004", 114155541,Ptarmus jubatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Ptarmus,jubatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1935)", 114155627,Ostorhinchus radcliffei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Ostorhinchus,radcliffei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1918)", 114156068,Ostorhinchus wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Ostorhinchus,wilsoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1918)", 114156111,Atherinomorus regina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherinomorus,regina,,,,,"(Seale, 1910)", 114156399,Neobathyclupea megaceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BATHYCLUPEIDAE,Neobathyclupea,megaceps,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 190455,Neobathyclupea argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BATHYCLUPEIDAE,Neobathyclupea,argentea,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)",The family Bathyclupeidae requires revision (Paxton and Carpenter 2002). 114157206,Bembras adenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,BEMBRIDAE,Bembras,adenensis,,,,,"Imamura & Knapp, 1997", 114157301,Laeops clarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,clarus,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114157332,Laeops gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,gracilis,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114157603,Bellottia armiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bellottia,armiger,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1913)","The single paratype for this species was described as a new species, Bellottia galatheae (Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 114157777,Ungusurculus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Ungusurculus,williamsi,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 114157824,Callionymus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,acutirostris,,,,,"Fricke, 1981", 114158274,Callionymus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,guentheri,,,,,"Fricke, 1981", 114158383,Callionymus hildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,hildae,,,,,"Fricke, 1981", 114158503,Synchiropus zamboangana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,zamboangana,,,,,"Seale, 1910",The type specimens of this species were destroyed during World War II (Eschmeyer et al. 2017). 114161140,Owstonia contodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CEPOLIDAE,Owstonia,contodon,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Johnson, 2016", 114161302,Owstonia doryptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CEPOLIDAE,Owstonia,doryptera,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)",This species was re-described by Smith-Vaniz and Johnson (2016). The proper spelling is Owstonia doryptera. 114161459,Owstonia macrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CEPOLIDAE,Owstonia,macrophthalma,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1985)",This species was re-described by Smith-Vaniz and Johnson (2016). 114161670,Owstonia melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CEPOLIDAE,Owstonia,melanoptera,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Johnson, 2016", 114161707,Owstonia nigromarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CEPOLIDAE,Owstonia,nigromarginata,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1985)", 114164022,Etrumeus jacksoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,jacksoniensis,,,,,"Macleay, 1878","DiBattista et al. (2014) presented evidence that there might be two species nested within what is currently recognized as Etrumeus jacksoniensis, with one species restricted to western and south Australia and the other occurring off New South Wales. More research is needed to determine if those two apparently distinct lineages represent two species. For the purposes of this assessment Etrumues jacksoniensis is treated as one species." 114164251,Spratelloides atrofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Spratelloides,atrofasciatus,,,,,"Schultz, 1943","Previously, this species was regarded as a junior synonym of S. gracilis. The validity of S. atrofasciatus was confirmed by Ishimori et al. 2015." 114165531,Symphurus luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,luzonensis,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1955", 114165891,Dactyloptena macracantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,DACTYLOPTERIDAE,Dactyloptena,macracantha,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 114166122,Centrodraco abstractum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DRACONETTIDAE,Centrodraco,abstractum,,,,,"Fricke, 2002", 114166534,Parviparma straminea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Parviparma,straminea,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 114166743,Lepadichthys springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,springeri,,,,,"Briggs, 2001", 114167178,Hapalogenys filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAPALOGENYIDAE,Hapalogenys,filamentosus,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Russell, 2006","The genus Hapalogenys has been traditionally placed in the family Haemulidae (Akazaki 1984, McKay 2001 and Nelson 2006). A new family name, Hapalogeniidae (Springer and Raasch 1995) was established; however, this was not based on strong supporting evidence. Furthermore, Hapalogenys has been reported to be close to the family Dinopercidae and may belong to a group of ‘Lobotes-like’ species. There is a need for further study on the familial position of Hapalogenys (Iwatsuki and Russell 2006)." 114167535,Hoplichthys acanthopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,HOPLICHTHYIDAE,Hoplichthys,acanthopleurus,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 114167619,Hoplichthys pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,HOPLICHTHYIDAE,Hoplichthys,pectoralis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)","The validity of this species is questionable as the holotype is a small specimen (~7 cm) that still shows juvenile characteristics, and this species may be conspecific with one of the other species in the area (McGrouther 1999)." 114167824,Nuchequula flavaxilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Nuchequula,flavaxilla,,,,,"Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008", 114168358,Liparis fishelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Liparis,fishelsoni,,,,,"Smith, 1967", 114168486,Psednos micrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Psednos,micrurus,,,,,"Barnard, 1927", 114168573,Coelorinchus carinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,carinifer,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 114168625,Coryphaenoides semiscaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,semiscaber,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 114168672,Hymenocephalus barbatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Hymenocephalus,barbatulus,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 114168754,Kuronezumia macronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Kuronezumia,macronema,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)", 69181469,Ptereleotris kallista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Ptereleotris,kallista,,,,,"Randall & Suzuki, 2008", 114169380,Diaphus dehaveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,dehaveni,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114169434,Diaphus ehrhorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,ehrhorni,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114169573,Diaphus faustinoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,faustinoi,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114171899,Diaphus handi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,handi,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114171927,Diaphus lucifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,lucifrons,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114171994,Diaphus rivatoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,rivatoni,,,,,"Bourret, 1985",The taxonomic validity of this species is questionable. It is not recognized by Paxton and Hulley (1999) and its status has not been evaluated (Eschmeyer et al. 2017). 114172033,Diaphus umbroculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,umbroculus,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 114172187,Coelophrys mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Coelophrys,mollis,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 114172380,Parabembras robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PARABEMBRIDAE,Parabembras,robinsoni,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 114172439,Peristedion weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,weberi,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 114172794,Satyrichthys laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Satyrichthys,laticeps,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1852)", 114173026,Cociella heemstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Cociella,heemstrai,,,,,"Knapp, 1996", 114173064,Onigocia grandisquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Onigocia,grandisquama,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 114173325,Papilloculiceps longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Papilloculiceps,longiceps,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 114173401,Rogadius fehlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Rogadius,fehlmanni,,,,,"Knapp, 2012", 114173439,Sorsogona humerosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sorsogona,humerosa,,,,,"Knapp & Heemstra, 2011", 114173725,Sorsogona portuguesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sorsogona,portuguesa,,,,,"(Smith, 1953)", 114175236,Suggrundus cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Suggrundus,cooperi,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 114175363,Suggrundus macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Suggrundus,macracanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1869)", 114175462,Sunagocia carbunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Sunagocia,carbunculus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 114175552,Thysanophrys randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Thysanophrys,randalli,,,,,"Knapp, 2013", 114175593,Thysanophrys rarita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Thysanophrys,rarita,,,,,"Knapp, 2013", 114175639,Thysanophrys springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Thysanophrys,springeri,,,,,"Knapp, 2013", 114175703,Thysanophrys tricaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Thysanophrys,tricaudata,,,,,"Knapp, 2013", 58268,Minervarya brevipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,brevipalmata,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)","This species was described based on a single ""purchased specimen"" from ""Pegu"", Myanmar (Peters 1871). Boulenger (1920) expressed doubts regarding its type locality. The subpopulation of Wayanad matches the type description, and presumably the type specimen is from the Western Ghats and not from Myanmar." 44024864,Echyridella lucasi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Echyridella,lucasi,,,,,"(Suter, 1905)",This species was formerly synonymized with Echyridella menziesii. 41687,Ursus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Ursus,americanus,,,,,"Pallas, 1780","

Although commonly known as the American black bear, coat color (even within a single litter) ranges from black to various shades of brown.  Black-colored bears predominate in the eastern and northern parts of the range, whereas the proportion of brown-colored individuals generally increases moving westward: brown-colored black bears predominate in California, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of the Rocky Mountains (Rounds 1987). Variation in color-phase occurs within individual states and provinces, related to habitat and weather (Beecham and Rohlman 1994).  A rare white (non-albino) color phase, associated with a single recessive gene, occurs in coastal British Columbia (Ritland et al. 2001).  A very rare “blue” (grey) color phase known as the Glacier bear occurs in northwestern British Columbia and along the coast of Alaska (McTaggart Cowan 1938, Obbard 1987).

Sixteen subspecies have been named (Hall 1981). Some of these gained special protections, particularly in eastern U.S. where recognized subspecies are morphologically distinguishable from cranial morphology (Kennedy et al. 2002). However, these subspecies designations do not correspond with recently documented genetic population clusters (Puckett et al. 2015).

" 164563,Darevskia rostombekowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,rostombekowi,,,,,"(Darevsky, 1957)", 164578,Darevskia unisexualis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,unisexualis,,,,,"(Darevsky, 1966)", 164720,Darevskia dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,dahli,,,,,"(Darevsky, 1957)", 22990,Vipera kaznakovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,kaznakovi,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1909",This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999). 23001,Vipera dinniki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,dinniki,,,,,"Nikolsky, 1913",This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999). 164679,Vipera eriwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,eriwanensis,,,,,"(Reuss, 1933)","This species is sometimes included in the synonymy of V. ursinii (see McDiarmid et al., 1999). This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999)." 164734,Vipera magnifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,magnifica,,,,,"Tuniyev & Ostrovskikh, 2001",This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999). 164736,Vipera lotievi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,lotievi,,,,,"Nilson, Tuniyev, Orlov, Hoggren & Andren, 1995","This species is closely related to V. eriwanensis and V. renardi. McDiarmid et al. (1999), consider the species rank of V. lotievi to be debatable. This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999)." 164756,Vipera orlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,orlovi,,,,,"Tuniyev & Ostrovskikh, 2001",This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999). 164708,Vipera transcaucasiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,transcaucasiana,,,,,"Boulenger, 1913","There is some controversy concerning the taxonomic status of Vipera transcaucasiana, which is considered by some authors (e.g.. Baran and Atatür 1998; McDiarmid et al. 1999; Tomovic 2006; Ursenbacher et al. 2008) to be a subspecies of Vipera ammodytes. We tentatively retain it here as separate from Vipera ammodytes." 11117,Darevskia clarkorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,clarkorum,,,,,"(Darevsky & Vedederja, 1977)", 11120,Darevskia alpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,alpina,,,,,"(Darevsky, 1967)", 164576,Darevskia derjugini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,derjugini,,,,,"(Nikolskij, 1898)","Of the six described subspecies, five are distributed in the Caucasus. D. d. sylvatica (Bartenjev and Reznikova, 1931) inhabits the submontane part of the Krasnodar Territory, mainly in the Caucasian Biosphere State Reserve and the adjacent spurs of the Great Caucasus. D. d. boehmei (Bishoff, 1982) lives in the western spurs of the Great Caucasus in Krasnodar Territory and adjoining regions of Abkhazia up to Kodor River valley in the southeast. D. d. abchasica (Bishoff, 1982) inhabits the coast of the Black Sea of Abkhazia and the adjacent regions of western Georgia, D. d. barani (Bishoff, 1982) is known from coastal mountains regions of Ajaria and of neighbouring part of north-eastern Turkey. D. d. orlowae (Bishoff, 1984) inhabits southern slopes and foothills of the Great Caucasus in Georgia and northwestern Azerbaijan." 164583,Eremias pleskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,pleskei,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1905", 164587,Darevskia daghestanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,daghestanica,,,,,"(Darevsky, 1967)", 164638,Darevskia mixta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,mixta,,,,,"(Méhely, 1909)", 164650,Darevskia brauneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,brauneri,,,,,"(Méhely, 1909)","The nominative subspecies D. b. brauneri occurs in the south of the Krasnodar Territory, in Abkhazia and adjacent regions of Georgia. D. b. darevskii (Szczerbak, 1962) inhabits the foothills of the western part of the Great Caucasus range, mainly within the Krasnodar Territory. A comparatively small range of the subspecies D. b. szczebaki (Lukina, 1963) occupies a narrow strip of coastal rocky steeps, sporadically occurring along the coast of the Black Sea from the town Anapa in the north and for more than 100 km further to the south-east towards Novorossiisk." 164654,Darevskia portschinskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,portschinskii,,,,,"(Kessler, 1878)","The nominative subspecies D. p. porshchinskii occupies the most part of the distribution range. D. p. nigrita (Bakradze, 1976) is distributed in the ravines of the right side tributaries of the Kura River (the rivers Mashavera in Georgia and Debeta in Armenia)." 164658,Darevskia parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,parvula,,,,,"(Lantz & Cyrén, 1913)","The subspecies D. p. adjarica (Darevsky and Eiselt, 1980) is present in Georgia and in the ravine of the lower Chorokh River in Turkey. The remaining distribution is occupied by the nominative subspecies D. p. parvula." 164713,Darevskia caucasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,caucasica,,,,,"(Méhely, 1909)","The restricted range subspecies D. c. vedenica (Darevsky and Rotberg, 1999) is found on the northern slopes of the Andiysky Mountain range in the south-eastern Chechnya and possibly in the adjacent part of Ingushetia. The nominative subspecies, D. c. caucasica, occurs throughout the remainder of the range." 164722,Darevskia dryada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,dryada,,,,,"(Darevsky & Tuniyev, 1997)", 164753,Darevskia raddei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,raddei,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)","Three subspecies are described. The nominative subspecies D. r. raddei inhabits Armenia and Azerbaijan, and can be found in the western part of the Lake Sevan basin. D. r. nairensis is found in the ravine of the upper Kura River in Georgia (considered by some taxonomists to be a distinct species). D. r. vanensis occurs in the eastern part of the Lake Van basin in Turkey and adjacent Iran." 157287,Lacerta strigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Lacerta,strigata,,,,,"Eichwald, 1831", 164697,Iranolacerta brandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Iranolacerta,brandtii,,,,,"(De Filippi, 1863)", 164702,Darevskia chlorogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,chlorogaster,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 57289,Pleurodema marmoratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Pleurodema,marmoratum,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1840)",Phrynopus spectabilis was placed in the synonymy with Pleurodema marmoratum by Lehr (2006). 61838,Leptobrachium buchardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,buchardi,,,,,"Ohler, Teynié & David, 2004", 164776,Darevskia uzzelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Darevskia,uzzelli,,,,,"(Darevsky & Danielyan, 1977)", 164657,Vipera ebneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,ebneri,,,,,"Knoppfler & Sochurek, 1955","This species is part of the Vipera ursinii complex, and has often been included within Vipera eriwanensis." 23002,Vipera pontica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Vipera,pontica,,,,,"Billing, Nilson and Sattler, 1990 ","The validity of this taxon has been questioned by some authors (e.g.. Baran et al. 2001; McDiarmid et al., 1999; Joger et al. 2003). This species is within the subgenus Pelias (Nilson et al. 1999)." 199752,Plestiodon sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,sumichrasti,,,,,"Cope, 1867","In a phylogenetic analysis of Eumeces based on morphology, Griffith et al. (2000) proposed splitting Eumeces into multiple genera, based on the apparent paraphyly of Eumeces. Smith (2005) and Brandley et al. (2005) formally proposed that all North American species (north of Mexico) be placed in the genus Plestiodon. This was accepted by Crother (2008) and Collins and Taggart (2009). The genus name is thus also used for species further to the south." 198518,Tantilla schistosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,schistosa,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1883)", 199753,Marisora unimarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,unimarginata,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","Taylor (1956) reviewed Middle American Mabuya found in Costa Rica and concluded that three species could be diagnosed: M. brachypoda, M. alliacea and M. unimarginata. Subsequent authors adopted this scheme inconsistently (Hedges and Conn 2012), and most recent publications have rejected this division and placed all Mabuya in Middle America in Mabuya unimarginata following Savage (2002), who contended that intergradation between these forms indicated the presence of only a single species in Costa Rica. Hedges and Conn (2012) reexamined representatives of these proposed species, and confirmed the original diagnosis of Taylor (1956). These authors noted that the position taken by Savage (2002) was not supported by evidence and was inconsistent with the observation presented by Taylor (1956) that M. unimarginata and M. brachypoda occur within 10 km of one another with no indication of hybridization, Hedges and Conn (2012) therefore revalidated M. brachypoda and M. alliacea, and assigned all former Mabuya in Central America to the new genus Marisora." 134219,Johora singaporensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Johora,singaporensis,,,,,"Ng, 1986",Subfamily Potamiscinae. 136050,Leptodactylus rhodomerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,rhodomerus,,,,,"Heyer, 2005","Formerly included within Leptodactylus pentadactylus, but separated by Heyer (2005)." 136080,Leptodactylus peritoaktites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,peritoaktites,,,,,"Heyer, 2005",Formerly included within Leptodactylus pentadactylus; separated by Heyer (2005). 164751,Eremias montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,montanus,,,,,"Rastegar-Pouyani & Rastegar-Pouyani, 2001","There appears to be some confusion concerning the name Eremias novo. This was a temporary name for some populations subsequently identified as Eremias montana inhabiting the alpine meadows of Alvand Mountains in Hamedan Province (Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani pers. comm., September 2008). Eremias novo appears to have entered the literature, and has been recognised as a species by some authors (e.g.. Mozaffari and Parham, 2007)." 114618571,Plestiodon takarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,takarai,,,,,"Kurita, Ota & Hikida, 2017", 114619018,Asymblepharus ladacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,ladacensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",


114619032,Asymblepharus mahabharatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,mahabharatus,,,,,"Eremchenko, Shah & Panfilov, 1998", 114619044,Asymblepharus nepalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,nepalensis,,,,,"Eremchenko & Helfenberger, 1998", 114619068,Asymblepharus tragbulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,tragbulensis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1898)",


114619082,Eremias quadrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,quadrifrons,,,,,"(Strauch, 1876)","Szczerbak (1974) suggested that Eremias quadrifrons may have been described based on an aberrant specimen of E. multiocellata. Sampling near the type locality reported by Orlova et al. (2017) obtained several specimens of E. multiocellata with patterning resembling E. quadrifrons. As the holotype remains the only confirmed record of E. quadrifrons these authors were unable to clarify its taxonomic status, and recommended further research including field surveys in order to clarify its taxonomic status and relationship to the E. multiocellata complex." 114619098,Gekko kwangsiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,kwangsiensis,,,,,"Yang, 2015", 114619110,Gekko liboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,liboensis,,,,,"Zhou, Liu & Li, 1982", 114619123,Gekko melli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,melli,,,,,"(Vogt, 1922)", 114619193,Gekko similignum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,similignum,,,,,"Smith, 1923", 114619203,Gekko subpalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,subpalmatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 114619218,Gekko taibaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,taibaiensis,,,,,"Song, 1985", 114619265,Gekko wenxianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,wenxianensis,,,,,"Zhou & Wang, 2008", 114619326,Sphenomorphus courcyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,courcyanus,,,,,"(Annandale, 1912)", 114619348,Teratoscincus roborowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Teratoscincus,roborowskii,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1906", 573,Micaelamys namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Micaelamys,namaquensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1834)","Two subgenera, namely Micaelamys and Aethomys have been recognised within the genus Aethomys. Although A. namaquensis and A. granti have traditionally been allocated to the subgenus Micaelamys, recent molecular studies reported the paraphyly of the genus (Ducroz et al. 2001; Castiglia et al. 2003; Russo et al. 2006), and the two subgenera have since been elevated to full generic rank. Therefore, the genus Micaelamys now includes M. namaquensis and M. granti. This close relationship between the species is evident from dental morphology, karyology, gross sperm and bacular morphology and cranial phenetic analysis. However, the two species can be distinguished on both morphological and chromosomal characters (Visser & Robinson 1986, 1987; Chimimba et al. 1999).

There are as many as 16 recognised subspecies of M. namaquensis (Roberts 1951; Skinner & Chimimba 2005), based on a limited number of samples with little or no assessment of patterns of geographic variation over the entire distributional range of the species. However, a comprehensive intraspecific morphometric study within M. namaquensis covering a wide geographic range showed that patterns of intraspecific variation suggested the recognition of four subspecies based on traditional morphology/cranial morphometrics (Chimimba 2001). Similarly, a recent molecular study identified at least eight well supported lineages based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (Russo et al. 2010). This differentiation (considerable mtDNA diversity) is in contrast with the most recent taxonomic treatment, which only recognised four subspecies. Some of the mtDNA lineages broadly correspond with the distributional patterns of the previously described subspecies monticularis, namaquensis, lehocla and alborarius. This supports earlier views that this taxon may represent a species complex." 114639398,Acheilognathus cyanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,cyanostigma,,,,,"Jordan & Fowler, 1903", 114639882,Acheilognathus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,typus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 114640023,Gnathopogon caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gnathopogon,caerulescens,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)", 178444,Cyrtodactylus cavernicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,cavernicolus,,,,,"Inger & King, 1961","A single record from a gorge in the Mulu cave system (Forestry Department Sarawak 2006) represents a misidentification (I. Das pers. comm. 2018), and has since been described as the distinct species Cyrtodactylus muluensis (Davis et al. 2019)." 114683109,Festucalex armillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,armillatus,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2016", 135858,Platymantis paengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,paengi,,,,,"Siler, Linkem, Diesmos & Alcala, 2007",The coordinates listed in Siler et al. (2007) for this species' type locality were found to be inaccurate and this has been corrected in the distribution map (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 114155455,Cocotropus monacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Cocotropus,monacanthus,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1906)", 114172998,Scalicus investigatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Scalicus,investigatoris,,,,,"(Alcock, 1898)",Satyrichthys kikingeri is considered a junior synonym of Scalicus laticeps (Kawai 2014). 114192721,Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Pterygotrigla,macrorhynchus,,,,,"Kamohara, 1936", 114192667,Pterygotrigla guezei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Pterygotrigla,guezei,,,,,"Fourmanoir, 1963", 114192579,Pterygotrigla arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Pterygotrigla,arabica,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 114192573,Pterygotrigla amaokai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Pterygotrigla,amaokai,,,,,"Richards, Yato & Last, 2003", 114192542,Lepidotrigla spiloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,spiloptera,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 114192438,Lepidotrigla multispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,multispinosa,,,,,"Smith, 1934", 114192261,Lepidotrigla longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,longipinnis,,,,,"Alcock, 1890", 114192257,Lepidotrigla bentuviai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,bentuviai,,,,,"Richards & Saksena, 1977", 128382340,Sanguirana everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,everetti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species was moved from the genus Hylarana to Sanguirana by Fuiten et al. (2011).

Brown et al. (2017) used phylogenetic, morphological, and distributional data to resolve species boundaries associated with the southwest Mindanao Stream Frogs, Sanguirana everetti (Boulenger, 1882), its junior synonym, Rana mearnsi, Stejneger, 1905, and the northeast Mindanao Stream Frogs, S. albotuberculata (Inger, 1954). Consideration of relationships, distributions, type localities, phenotypic data, and type specimens clearly indicates that the names R. mearnsi and S. albotuberculata refer to the same lineage, and therefore Brown et al. (2017) recognize S. mearnsi as the oldest available name for that species.

Brown et al. (2017) also define the central Philippine lineage (from Negros, Masbate, and Panay islands) as a distinct new species (S. acai). Long confused with S. everetti, the new taxon is readily diagnosed and biogeographically restricted to the West Visayan faunal region." 19242,Pulchrana melanomenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,melanomenta,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)", 114823717,Eviota ocellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,ocellifer,,,,,"Shibukawa & Suzuki, 2005", 169610,Acheilognathus melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,melanogaster,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 62206,Rhodeus atremius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,atremius,,,,,"(Jordan & Thompson, 1914)",Two subspecies exist - Rhodeus atremius atremius and R. a. suigensis. 114826015,Ischikauia steenackeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Ischikauia,steenackeri,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)", 114826113,Cobitis shikokuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,shikokuensis,,,,,"Suzawa, 2006", 114826701,Cottus reinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,reinii,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1879", 114827383,Cobitis delicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,delicata,,,,,"Niwa, 1937", 114827545,Cobitis matsubarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,matsubarae,,,,,"Okada & Ikeda, 1939", 114827852,Cottus kazika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,kazika,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1904", 114828525,Gymnogobius uchidai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,uchidai,,,,,"(Takagi, 1957)", 114828970,Tanakia limbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Tanakia,limbata,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 114829760,Cottus pollux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,pollux,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 114841674,Odontobutis hikimius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Odontobutis,hikimius,,,,,"Iwata & Sakai, 2002", 114842931,Silhouettea dotui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,dotui,,,,,"(Takagi, 1957)", 25390,Ichthyophis mindanaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,mindanaoensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",Systematic studies of the taxonomic status of this species is warranted; records of caecilians from several localities on Mindanao Island still need to be properly identified. 59606,Ichthyophis weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,weberi,,,,,"Taylor, 1920", 58456,Platymantis corrugatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,corrugatus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)", 62203,Pseudorasbora pumila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Pseudorasbora,pumila,,,,,"Miyadi, 1930", 41231,Limnonectes leytensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,leytensis,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)",This species is a complex of several species that have not yet been described. 41234,Limnonectes woodworthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,woodworthi,,,,,"Taylor, 1923",This is likely a species complex. 54734,Ingerophrynus philippinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,philippinicus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 57854,Kaloula picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,picta,,,,,"(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)", 58294,Fejervarya vittigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,vittigera,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1835)", 58362,Limnonectes palavanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,palavanensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)","The taxonomic status of the Palawan and Bornean subpopulations needs to be clarified. There is ongoing taxonomic work taking place on the Bornean species, which is likely to result in the description of new species (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 58709,Sanguirana sanguinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,sanguinea,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)","The use of the name Sanguirana sanguinea as applied to both Philippine and Sulawesi taxa is a taxonomic arrangement in need of revision. It is expected that Sulawesi subpopulations referred to this species will soon be described as a new species. Song et al. (2002) reported this species for Hainan I., China, but this is likely a misidentification and thus excluded from this assessment." 58921,Philautus surdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,surdus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)",It is suspected that Philautus surdus is a complex of species and further taxonomic work is required to verify this (A. Diesmos pers. comm. March 2018). 54469,Ansonia hanitschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,hanitschi,,,,,"Inger, 1960", 54471,Ansonia latidisca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,latidisca,,,,,"Inger, 1966", 54476,Ansonia minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,minuta,,,,,"Inger, 1960","

There is uncertainty around the identity of many specimens and further work is required to clarify the taxonomy of these records (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017).

" 54483,Ansonia spinulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,spinulifer,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)", 54606,Ingerophrynus celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,celebensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 54610,Ingerophrynus claviger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,claviger,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 54629,Ingerophrynus divergens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,divergens,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)",This species is morphologically similar to Ingerophrynus parvus which may cause confusion in identification between the two species (D.T. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). 54676,Phrynoidis juxtasper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Phrynoidis,juxtasper,,,,,"(Inger, 1964)", 54770,Duttaphrynus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,sumatranus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)",This rediscovery of this species in 2001 needs to be re-evaluated to confirm the taxonomic placement of these specimens (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). 54814,Leptophryne borbonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Leptophryne,borbonica,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)","There is some doubt that the subpopulation in Borneo belongs to this species, however, more taxonomic work needs to be done (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop January 2018)." 54862,Rentapia hosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rentapia,hosii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)",Provisionally arranged in the genus Rentapia by Chan et al. (2016). 54871,Pelophryne rhopophilia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,rhopophilia,,,,,"Inger & Stuebing, 1996", 150530713,Pelophryne signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,signata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 57555,Leptobrachium hendricksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,hendricksoni,,,,,"Taylor, 1962",This species is considered to be a synonym of Leptobrachium hasseltii sensu lato by some authors (e.g. Berry 1975). 57556,Leptobrachium montanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,montanum,,,,,"Fischer, 1885",

This species is genetically close to Leptobrachium abboti and several undescribed species are contained within the two concepts (A. Hamidy pers. comm. May 2017).

57573,Leptobrachella picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,picta,,,,,"Malkmus, 1992", 57581,Megophrys montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,montana,,,,,"Kuhl and van Hasselt, 1822", 57582,Megophrys nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,nasuta,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1858)","This species is generally recognized as being distinct from Megophrys montana (e.g. Taylor 1962, Inger and Stuebing 1997, Manthey and Grossmann 1997), although other authors have treated it as a subspecies of M. montana (e.g. Grandison 1972, Dring 1979).

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Pelobatrachus without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 57629,Megophrys aceras,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,aceras,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903","There are many confusing variants, and erroneous attributions of Xenophrys aceras to Megophrys monticola.

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Xenophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 57836,Kalophrynus heterochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,heterochirus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900",This species may be a taxonomic complex and further work needs to be carried out (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018). 57840,Kalophrynus minusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,minusculus,,,,,"Iskandar, 1998", 57888,Nanohyla perparva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Nanohyla,perparva,,,,,"(Inger & Frogner, 1979)", 57909,Oreophryne celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,celebensis,,,,,"(F. Müller, 1894)", 57919,Oreophryne jeffersoniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,jeffersoniana,,,,,"Dunn, 1928", 57925,Oreophryne monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,monticola,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 57932,Oreophryne variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,variabilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 58272,Fejervarya iskandari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,iskandari,,,,,"Veith, Kosuch, Ohler & Dubois, 2001","There is a subpopulation on the Lesser Sunda Islands that potentially belongs to this species, although its true identity is uncertain and further taxonomic work needs to be carried out. 

Genetic data of the F. verruculosa suggests that it is conspecific with this species. However, the topotypes need to be sequenced to confirm whether this is a synonym of F. verruculosa (A. Hamidy pers. comm. May 2017)." 58302,Huia cavitympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Huia,cavitympanum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)", 58303,Wijayarana masonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Wijayarana,masonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)", 58306,Wijayarana sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Wijayarana,sumatrana,,,,,"(Yang, 1991)", 58327,Limnonectes arathooni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,arathooni,,,,,"(Smith, 1927)", 58328,Limnonectes asperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,asperatus,,,,,"(Inger, Boeadi and Taufik, 1996)", 58331,Limnonectes dammermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,dammermani,,,,,"(Mertens, 1927)", 58333,Limnonectes finchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,finchi,,,,,"(Inger, 1966)", 58336,Limnonectes grunniens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,grunniens,,,,,"(Latreille, 1801)","Records from the Maluku islands have been sequenced and confirmed as this species, whereas records from Sulawesi are likely to belong to an undescribed species. The subpopulation on New Guinea requires sequencing to confirm its identity (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017)." 58340,Limnonectes ibanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,ibanorum,,,,,"(Inger, 1964)", 58341,Limnonectes ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,ingeri,,,,,"(Kiew, 1978)", 58342,Limnonectes kadarsani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,kadarsani,,,,,"Iskandar, Boeadi and Sancoyo, 1996", 58348,Limnonectes leporinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,leporinus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1923)",This species was previously included in Limnonectes blythii. 58351,Limnonectes macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,macrodon,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)",This species is here considered to be restricted to Java and Sumatra. Records from mainland Southeast Asia are referred to Limnonectes blythii. Records of this species from the Andaman Islands in India belong to an undescribed species (I. Das pers. comm.). An old record from Sikkim in north-east India cannot be traced to a specimen and is not considered here to belong to this species (I. Das pers. comm.). 58359,Limnonectes microtympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,microtympanum,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1909)",This species is part of the Limnonectes modestus complex (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 58360,Limnonectes modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,modestus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)","This species is part of a complex of several species that have not been described but the genetic analysis confirming the presence of these undescribed species has been published by Evans et al. (2003), McLeod (2010) and Setiadi et al. (2011). This concept also includes records attributed to L. heinrichi as this is no longer recognized as a valid species following genetic analysis (Evans et al. 2003)." 58365,Occidozyga rhacoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,rhacoda,,,,,"(Inger, Boeadi & Taufik, 1996)", 58366,Limnonectes shompenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,shompenorum,,,,,"Das, 1996",This species is part of the Limnonectes blythii complex. 58371,Meristogenys kinabaluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,kinabaluensis,,,,,"(Inger, 1966)", 58373,Meristogenys orphnocnemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,orphnocnemis,,,,,"(Matsui, 1986)", 58374,Meristogenys phaeomerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,phaeomerus,,,,,"(Inger & Gritis, 1983)","There are no obvious differences between the adults of this species and Meristogenys penrissenensis (Inger et al. 2017). This species is morphologically similar to M. poecilus, and it is difficult to distinguish between the two (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 58375,Meristogenys poecilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,poecilus,,,,,"(Inger & Gritis, 1983)","This species is morphologically similar to M. poecilus, and it is difficult to distinguish between the two (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 58408,Occidozyga celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,celebensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1927)",Records of Occidozyga laevis from Sulawesi apply to this species (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 58415,Occidozyga sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,sumatrana,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)",This species is part of the Occidozyga laevis complex (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 58566,Papurana celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,celebensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)",The generic position of this species has not been properly assigned. 58598,Papurana florensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,florensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)",This species might include Hylarana elberti (D. Iskandar pers. comm.). 58632,Chalcorana kampeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,kampeni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)",Further taxonomic work is needed because it is suspected that it is a synonym of another species and because its life history strategy is closer to Amolops (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). 58639,Pulchrana laterimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,laterimaculata,,,,,"(Barbour & Noble, 1916)","Until the recent revalidation of this species by Leong Tzi Ming et al. (2003), Hylarana laterimaculata was regarded as a junior synonym of H. baramica. The species was transferred to Pulchrana by Oliver et al. (2015)." 125161167,Abavorana luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Abavorana,luctuosa,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Abavorana nazgul (Quah et al. 2017).

Based on the further findings from Quah et al. (2017), the subpopulations from Borneo are likely to be a species complex." 58654,Chalcorana macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,macrops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 58668,Chalcorana mocquardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Chalcorana,mocquardii,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)","This species was considered to be distinct from Chalcorana chalconota following Iskandar and Colijn (2000). This species was moved from Hylarana to the genus Chalcorana by Oliver et al. (2015). 

Molecular analyses show the species to contain several undescribed species, but the systematics require some confirmation (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017)." 58694,Pulchrana picturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,picturata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)","The taxonomy of this species is confused. It was previously considered to be a synonym of Hylarana signata, and possible specimens of H. picturata from the Malay Peninsula are still referred to as H. signata. The taxonomy is currently under investigation (R. Brown pers. comm.). The species was transferred to Pulchrana by Oliver et al. (2015)." 58719,Pulchrana signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,signata,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)",The highland frogs usually attributed to Hylarana signata might represent a separate taxon. The status of the Tioman subpopulation is likewise unclear. The species was transferred to Pulchrana by Oliver et al. (2015). 58761,Staurois latopalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Staurois,latopalmatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)",Arifin et al. (2011) provided molecular evidence that this name may cover at least two cryptic species. 58763,Staurois tuberilinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Staurois,tuberilinguis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1918",We follow Matsui et al. (2007) in separating Staurois parvus from this species. 58854,Philautus hosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,hosii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 58856,Philautus ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,ingeri,,,,,"Dring, 1987", 58857,Philautus jacobsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,jacobsoni,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1912)","It is unknown whether this species is distinct or whether it belongs to Philautus fasciatus, therefore further taxonomic work is warranted for verification (Indonesia Red List Assessment Workshop 2017)." 58861,Philautus kerangae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,kerangae,,,,,"Dring, 1987","Further taxonomic work is required to verify whether both subpopulations are conspecific as other surveys between the two widely distributed localities have not produced any records, suggesting they are two different species (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 58907,Philautus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,similis,,,,,"van Kampen, 1923","

The taxonomic status of this species is unclear (D. Iskandar, M. Kamsi, Mediyansyah and M. Munir pers. comm. May 2017).

" 58979,Rhacophorus bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,bifasciatus,,,,,"van Kampen, 1923", 58990,Zhangixalus dulitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,dulitensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)","Specimens of Rhacophorus dulitensis previously reported from Sumatra are now assigned to R. prominanus (Smith 1924, following Harvey, Pemberton and Smith (2002))." 58994,Rhacophorus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,fasciatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 58997,Rhacophorus harrissoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,harrissoni,,,,,"Inger & Haile, 1959", 59006,Rhacophorus monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,monticola,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 59020,Rhacophorus rufipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,rufipes,,,,,"Inger, 1966", 59608,Ichthyophis atricollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,atricollaris,,,,,"Taylor, 1965",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 79098509,Microhyla orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,orientalis,,,,,"Matsui, Hamidy & Eto, 2013",This is a split from the broader concept of Microhyla achatina (Matsui et al. 2013). 79102286,Polypedates pseudotilophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,pseudotilophus,,,,,"Matsui, Hamidy & Kuraishi, 2014", This is a split from the broader concept of Polypedates otilophus (Matsui et al. 2014). 79128785,Rhacophorus bengkuluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,bengkuluensis,,,,,"Streicher, Hamidy, Harvey, Anders, Shaney, Kurniawan & Smith, 2014",This species was removed from the synonymy of Rhacophorus catamitus by Streicher et al. (2014). 79129409,Rhacophorus pseudacutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,pseudacutirostris,,,,,"Dehling, 2011","Based on DNA analysis, this species appears to be identical to Rhacophorus modestus (E. Smith and H. Kurniati pers. comm. May 2017)." 79694187,Philautus macroscelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,macroscelis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Rhacophorus everetti by Hertwig et al. (2012) and genetic evidence showed unequivocally that it belongs to Philautus. 88127659,Rhacophorus indonesiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,indonesiensis,,,,,"Hamidy & Kurniati, 2015", 114177474,Ebosia falcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Ebosia,falcata,,,,,"Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao, 1978", 114955961,Abrothrix manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,manni,,,,,"D'Elia, Teta, Upham, Pardinas & Patterson, 2015", 114956336,Cryptotis dinirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,dinirensis,,,,,"Quiroga-Carmona & Nascimiento, 2016", 48302281,Akodon spegazzinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,spegazzinii,,,,,"Thomas, 1897", 197712,Caridina malawensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,malawensis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2009", 197951,Caridina togoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,togoensis,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1893", 198160,Caridina kaombeflutilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,kaombeflutilis,,,,,"Richard & Clark, 2010", 44201,Potamonautes lirrangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,lirrangensis,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1904)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Lirrangopotamonautes) lirrangensis lirrangensis. Cumberlidge (1998) referred to this species as Potamonautes lirrangensis.

The name Malawi Blue Crab is used only for the subpopulations of this species found in Lake Malawi, and not for subpopulations from other parts of the range of this species." 44202,Potamonautes obesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,obesus,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1868)","Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Obesopotamonautes) obesus obesus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868). This species is treated here as Potamonautes obesus following the opinions of Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) and Reed & Cumberlidge (2004)." 44203,Potamonautes suprasulcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,suprasulcatus,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1898)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Arcopotamonautes) suprasulcatus suprasulcatus. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) referred to this species as Potamonautes suprasulcatus." 44521,Potamonautes choloensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,choloensis,,,,,"(Chace, 1953)",Bott (1955) treated this species as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Orthopotamonautes) depressus dybowskii. It is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes choloensis. 44551,Potamonautes montivagus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,montivagus,,,,,"(Chace, 1953)",Bott (1955) treated this species as a junior synonym of Potamonautes (Lirrangapotamonautes) johnstoni johnstoni. It is recognised here as the valid species Potamonautes montivagus. 114996988,Potamonautes bellarussus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,bellarussus,,,,,"Daniels, Phiri & Bayliss, 2014",This species was described in Daniels et al. (2014). 114177531,Neoscorpaena nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neoscorpaena,nielseni,,,,,"(Smith, 1964)", 114177614,Parapterois heterura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parapterois,heterura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 743,Abrothrix longipilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,longipilis,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",Pearson (1984) assigned Chelemys angustus to synonymy under A. longipilis; other synonyms follow Osgood (1943) and Reig (1987). 263,Acomys cahirinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,cahirinus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1803)",Includes chudeaui (Happold in press). 265,Acomys cineraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,cineraceus,,,,,"Heuglin, 1877","Acomys cinerasceus is a synonym of A. cineraceus, both were published in the same publication. A. cineraceus is the correct name (Schlitter and Diterlen pers. comm.)." 267,Acomys kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,kempi,,,,,"Dollman, 1911", 268,Acomys louisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,louisae,,,,,"Thomas, 1896","A. subspinosus was considered a synonym, now treated as a good species." 272,Acomys percivali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,percivali,,,,,"Dollman, 1911", 557,Aeromys thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Aeromys,thomasi,,,,,"(Hose, 1900)", 568,Aethomys bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,bocagei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 569,Aethomys chrysophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,chrysophilus,,,,,"(de Winton, 1897)","Monadjem et al. (2015) support the recognition of Aethomys ineptus as a cryptic species distinct from A. chrysophilus, based on chromosomal, reproductive, biochemical (Visser & Robinson 1986, 1987), molecular (Russo et al. 2006) and biogeographical (Linzey et al. 2003) grounds. The two species are morphologically indistinguishable (Chimimba 1998; Linzey et al. 2003; Russo et al. 2006), but differ in chromosome number (Chimimba et al. 1999; Castiglia et al. 2003), with A. ineptus being 2n = 44 while A. chrysophilus is 2n = 50. There is no evidence of hybridization between A. chrysophilus and A. ineptus in areas of sympatry (Gordon & Watson 1986; Visser & Robinson 1986, 1987). Aethomys chrysophilus generally shows higher levels of genetic diversity at the intraspecific level than interspecifically with A. ineptus (Russo et al. 2006; J. Bryja unpubl. data). Additionally, monophyly amongst A. chrysophilus lineages, using geographically restricted samples, has not been supported to date, which suggests that additional cryptic taxa are contained within the currently described species. Future in-depth analysis of differentiation within A. chrysophilus, with better sampling over its entire range, will have important taxonomic implications for the species (J. Bryja unpubl. data)." 571,Aethomys hindei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,hindei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)", 572,Aethomys kaiseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,kaiseri,,,,,"(Noack, 1887)", 574,Aethomys nyikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,nyikae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)", 576,Aethomys thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Aethomys,thomasi,,,,,"(de Winton, 1897)", 725,Akodon albiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,albiventer,,,,,"Thomas, 1897",There are two subspecies that need taxonomic revision (H. Zeballos pers. comm). 726,Akodon azarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,azarae,,,,,"(Fischer, 1829)", 730,Akodon cursor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,cursor,,,,,"(Winge, 1887)","A. montensis was confused with this species. Subgenus Akodon, A. mollis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990) or A. cursor species group (Geise et al. 2001, Rieger et al. 1995). Earlier recognized as a subspecies of arviculoides (Cabrera 1961, Gyldenstolpe 1932), which Reig (1978, 1987) reallocated to Bolomys lasiurus (see Necromys)." 731,Akodon dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,dayi,,,,,"Osgood, 1916",This is considered to be a species complex which requires further taxonomic investigation. 733,Akodon fumeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,fumeus,,,,,"Thomas, 1902",This is considered to be a species complex which requires further taxonomic investigation. The identity of specimens from south Bolivia collected in the Chaco needs to be reviewed. 736,Akodon iniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,iniscatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1919","Subgenus Akodon, formerly included in Muridae (Musser and Carleton 2005). The form nucus has been variously listed as a species (Galliari et al. 1996, Hershkovitz 1990, Reig 1987), but Barros et al. (1990) and Pearson (1995) retained it as a subspecies pending critical revision of this complex." 737,Akodon juninensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,juninensis,,,,,"Myers, Patton & Smith, 1990",It was transferred to family Cricetidae. 746,Akodon mimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,mimus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)",This species was previously included in the genus Microxus. 747,Akodon molinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,molinae,,,,,"Contreras, 1968",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 756,Akodon serrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,serrensis,,,,,"Thomas, 1902","This species previously was considered to occur in Argentina; however, the specimens found there are now considered to represent Akodon paranaensis (Christoff et al. 2000). Subgenus Akodon, A. mollis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990). Has been recognized as a species since its description (Cabrera 1961, Gyldenstolpe 1932, Moojen 1952). This species has been most strongly differentiated from other Akodon species based on cytochrome b sequences by Geise et al. (2001). D’Elía et al. (2003) found a single example of A. serrensis to be genetically most similar to Thaptomys nigrita. The taxonomy of this species remains uncertain, further research is required." 764,Akodon torques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,torques,,,,,"(Thomas, 1917)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 765,Necromys urichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,urichi,,,,,"(J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1897)",Necromys urichi is considered a species complex; a taxonomic review is underway which will result in several new species (M. Gómez-Laverde pers. comm.). 852,Allactaga bullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,bullata,,,,,"Allen, 1925", 856,Allactaga hotsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,hotsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 857,Allactaga major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,major,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)",According to different views includes from three to six subspecies (Shenbrot 1991). 858,Allactaga severtzovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,severtzovi,,,,,"Vinogradov, 1925", 859,Allactaga sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactaga,sibirica,,,,,"(Forster, 1778)", 861,Allactodipus bobrinskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Allactodipus,bobrinskii,,,,,"Kolesnikov, 1937", 875,Allocricetulus eversmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Allocricetulus,eversmanni,,,,,"(Brandt, 1859)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 940,Hypsirhynchus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,ater,,,,,"(Gosse, 1851)","The taxonomic placement of Alsophis ater into Hypsirhynchus was disputed by Grazziotin et al. (2012); who stated that the morphological characteristics used to place the species in Hypsirhynchus is based on morphological data provided by only a few specimens. This author places this species in Ocyophis, erected by Zaher et al. (2009)." 941,Alsophis rijgersmaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Alsophis,rijgersmaei,,,,,"Cope, 1869", 942,Alsophis rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Alsophis,rufiventris,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril,1854)", 949,Alticola argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,argentatus,,,,,"(Severtzov, 1879)",Specimens mapped from Nei Mongol are probably Alticola semicanus (Smith and Xie 2008). 951,Alticola lemminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,lemminus,,,,,"(Miller, 1898)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 952,Alticola macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,macrotis,,,,,"(Radde, 1862)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 953,Alticola montosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,montosa,,,,,"(True, 1894)", 954,Alticola roylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,roylei,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 955,Alticola semicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,semicanus,,,,,"(G.M. Allen, 1924)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 956,Alticola stoliczkanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,stoliczkanus,,,,,"(Blanford, 1875)",A. stracheyi is considered to be conspecific. 958,Alticola strelzowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,strelzowi,,,,,"(Kastschenko, 1899)",Subgenus Platycranius. Citations and synonyms are discussed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). 1137,Ametrida centurio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Ametrida,centurio,,,,,"Gray, 1847",Includes minor. 1265,Andalgalomys pearsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Andalgalomys,pearsoni,,,,,"(Myers, 1977)", 1271,Andinomys edax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Andinomys,edax,,,,,"Thomas, 1902",This taxon could be a composite of two biological species. 1307,Anisomys imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Anisomys,imitator,,,,,"Thomas, 1904","There have been no detailed taxonomic studies of Anisomys imitator, and this taxon may represent several species. Kris Helgen (pers. comm.), however, has looked at specimens and is satisfied that it is a single species." 1308,Anisotremus moricandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Anisotremus,moricandi,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1842)", 1550,Anomalurus derbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ANOMALURIDAE,Anomalurus,derbianus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)",Anomalurus derbianus probably represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 1559,Anonymomys mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Anonymomys,mindorensis,,,,,"Musser, 1981", 1676,Antidorcas marsupialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Antidorcas,marsupialis,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","Meester et al. (1986) listed three subspecies: A. m. marsupialis from the southern part of the range; A. m. hofmeyri from Botswana, Namibia and the Northern Cape; and A. m. angolensis from Angola. While the subspecies distinction is debated, morphometric data reveal a difference in size between Springbok occurring on either sides of the Orange and Vaal Rivers, which is evidence for maintaining subspecies status (Peters & Brink 1992). Further taxonomic research is thus needed to determine the status of two distinct ecotypes from the north (Kalahari region) and the south (Karoo region)." 1677,Antilocapra americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ANTILOCAPRIDAE,Antilocapra,americana,,,,,"(Ord, 1815)","Antilocapra americana is sometimes included in the family Bovidae along with other antelopes, but was restored to separate family status by Janis and Scott (1987); see also Grubb (2005). Five subspecies have been named but only three are commonly recognized: American Pronghorn (A. a. americana), Sonoran Pronghorn (A. a. sonoriensis), and Baja California Pronghorn (A. a. peninsularis) with most animals belonging to the nominate subspecies (Byers 2011). Mitochondrial DNA analyses since the early 1990s support the idea of clines within a wide-ranging species rather than separate subspecies (O’Gara and Yoakum 2004)." 1869,Aplodontia rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,APLODONTIIDAE,Aplodontia,rufa,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1817)","Helgen (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) applied the common name ""Sewellel"" to this species." 1888,Apodemus agrarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,agrarius,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)", 1890,Apodemus chevrieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,chevrieri,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1868)",This species was formerly considered a subspecies of A. agraius (Smith and Xie 2008). 1891,Apodemus draco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,draco,,,,,"(Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)",Requires taxonomic review (Musser and Carleton 2005). 1896,Apodemus hyrcanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,hyrcanicus,,,,,"Vorontsov, Boyeskorov & Mezhzherin, 1992", 1897,Apodemus latronum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,latronum,,,,,"Thomas, 1911",This species was treated as a subspecies of Apodemus draco by Feng et al. (1986). Liu et al. (2004) showed that there is considerable differentiation between A. latronum and A. draco. 1899,Apodemus peninsulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,peninsulae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1907)", 1900,Apodemus ponticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,ponticus,,,,,"Sviridenko, 1936","It is very probable that Apodemus ponticus and A. flavicollis are conspecific, and that their recognition as different species arose because the Cold War prevented comparison of populations on either side of the Iron Curtain (B. Kryštufek and V. Vohralik pers. comm. 2006). A. ponticus was reported by Russian authors from the Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Authors who studied Apodemus from most northeastern Turkey (close to the Georgian border) did not find any difference between these populations and other Turkish populations of A. flavicollis (Frynta et al. 2001, Macholan et al. 2001, B. Kryštufek unpubl. data). Individuals captured on the Turkey-Georgia border formed fertile hybrids with A. flavicollis from Austria (Steiner 1978). Thus, the range of ponticus is arbitrarily defined by political borders: populations from the extreme NE Turkey (close to Georgian border) are classified as flavicollis, those across the border as ponticus. If the Asiatic phylogroup of A. flavicollis is indeed an independent species, than arianus predates all other names, including ponticus (B. Kryštufek pers. comm. 2006)." 1905,Apodemus uralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,uralensis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)",This taxon is often confused with A. sylvaticus. 1912,Apomys insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,insignis,,,,,"Mearns, 1905", 1913,Apomys littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,littoralis,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1952)",Included within Apomys abrae hylocetes group by Musser (1982). This species is known by a juvenile holotype with damaged skull from Mindanao and several referred series from Leyte and nearby smaller islands (Heaney et al. 1998). 1917,Apomys gracilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,gracilirostris,,,,,"Ruedas, 1995","The species Apomys gracilirostris is not mentioned in Wilson and Reeder (1993), but is in Nowak (1999)." 2145,Arvicanthis blicki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Arvicanthis,blicki,,,,,"Frick, 1914", 2147,Arvicanthis niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Arvicanthis,niloticus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1803)", 2148,Arvicanthis neumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Arvicanthis,neumanni,,,,,"Matschie, 1894",Arvicanthis neumanni probably represents a complex of at least two similar species (the other name included here is A. somalicus). Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 2274,Atelerix frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Atelerix,frontalis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1831",Synonym = Erinaceus frontalis. 2275,Atelerix sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Atelerix,sclateri,,,,,"Anderson, 1895",Additional taxonomic studies might reveal this taxon to be a subspecies of Atelerix albiventris (Hutterer 2005). 2353,Atherurus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Atherurus,africanus,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 2396,Loxodontomys micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Loxodontomys,micropus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",The population on Chiloe Island may be distinct and deserves further taxonomic research (B. Patterson pers. comm.). 2397,Auliscomys pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Auliscomys,pictus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1884)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 2398,Auliscomys sublimis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Auliscomys,sublimis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)",There are two subspecies (N. Bernal and H. Zeballos pers. comm.). 2465,Baiomys musculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Baiomys,musculus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1892)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 2466,Baiomys taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Baiomys,taylori,,,,,"(Thomas, 1887)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 2540,Bandicota bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bandicota,bengalensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1835)", 2541,Bandicota indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bandicota,indica,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1800)", 2542,Bandicota savilei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bandicota,savilei,,,,,"Thomas, 1916","Aplin et al. (2003) described external morphological criteria for distinguishing B. indica from B. savilei, based upon large samples collected in sympatry in Cambodia and Viet Nam. Populations in Myanmar, attributable to savilei, appear to be genetically distinct from those in the neighbouring part of the range for which the available name would be curtata (K. Aplin pers. comm.)." 2642,Batomys dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Batomys,dentatus,,,,,"Miller, 1911", 2676,Beamys hindei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Beamys,hindei,,,,,"Thomas, 1909",We follow Happold (in press) by including Beamys major within B. hindei. 2767,Berylmys berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Berylmys,berdmorei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1851)",The taxonomic status of southern Viet Nam species would benefit from further review. 2768,Berylmys bowersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Berylmys,bowersi,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)",Requires taxonomic revision (Musser and Carleton 2005). 2787,Bettongia tropica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Bettongia,tropica,,,,,"Wakefield, 1967",Groves in Wilson and Reeder (1993) considered this to be a synonym of B. penicillata. See Nowak (1999) for other arguments. The Australasian Marsupial SG maintain this as a good species (Andrew Burbidge pers. comm). 2802,Bibimys labiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Bibimys,labiosus,,,,,"(Winge, 1887)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 2816,Biswamoyopterus biswasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Biswamoyopterus,biswasi,,,,,"Saha, 1981", 2827,Blarinomys breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Blarinomys,breviceps,,,,,"(Winge, 1887)",Silva et al. (2003) have suggested that B. breviceps is extinct at the type locality and confined to the more mesic Atlantic Forest zone. 2857,Necromys amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,amoenus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)", 2858,Necromys lactens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,lactens,,,,,"(Thomas, 1918)", 2862,Necromys temchuki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,temchuki,,,,,"(Massoia, 1982)",This taxonomic validity of this species should be reviewed. 2893,Boselaphus tragocamelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Boselaphus,tragocamelus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)", 2957,Brachiones przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Brachiones,przewalskii,,,,,"(Büchner, 1889)", 3333,Bunomys prolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Bunomys,prolatus,,,,,"Musser, 1991", 3592,Callosciurus albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,albescens,,,,,"(Bonhote, 1901)",Corbet and Hill (1992) considered albescens as a subspecies of Callosciurus notatus. 3600,Callosciurus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Callosciurus,notatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1785)", 3611,Calomys callosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,callosus,,,,,"(Rengger, 1830)",The taxonomy of this species is in need of revision (J. Dunnum pers. comm.). C. callosus is the species inhabiting the Chaco and associated habitats in southeastern Bolivia (Salazar-Bravo et al. 2003). The populations of Bolivia (Beni) could be a different and unknown species (G. D'Elia pers. comm.) 3612,Calomys hummelincki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,hummelincki,,,,,"(Husson, 1960)","There appear to be no genetic differences between the northern and southern Venezuelan populations (Martino et al. 2000, Martino and Capanna 2002)." 3613,Calomys laucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,laucha,,,,,"(Fischer, 1814)",The records found in Uruguay should be taxonomically reviewed (G. D'Elias pers. comm.). 3614,Calomys lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,lepidus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1884)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 3615,Calomys musculinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,musculinus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)","Included in C. laucha by Hershkovitz (1962) but morphological and karyotypic evidence supports its specific status (Corti et al. 1987). Synonymy follows Massoia et al. (1968) and Contreras and Rosi (1980), who considered murillus a subspecies of C. musculinus; others have treated the former as a species (Reig 1986). In the molecular study of Salazar-Bravo et al. (2001), it is noteworthy that their sample of C. musculinus from Buenos Aires Province, presumably referable to murillus proper (type locality La Plata, Buenos Aires Prov.), was genetically like population samples drawn from NW Argentina, presumably referable to musculinus proper. Until the issue can be substantively resolved, we continue to view murillus as a subjective synonym. Further research into taxonomic issues is necessary." 3616,Calomys sorellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,sorellus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)","This is a species complex, which requires further taxonomic studies." 3617,Calomys tener,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,tener,,,,,"(Winge, 1887)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 3618,Calomyscus bailwardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,bailwardi,,,,,"Thomas, 1905","There are records attributed to C. bailwardi in far southeastern Turkey (Hakkari Province), however these were identified prior to revision of the genus and must be verified (M. Sozen pers. comm.)." 3619,Calomyscus baluchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,baluchi,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 3620,Calomyscus hotsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,hotsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 3759,Cannomys badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Cannomys,badius,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1841)",Morphological variation within this species suggests that a taxonomic revision would be useful. 3917,Carpomys melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Carpomys,melanurus,,,,,"Thomas, 1895", 4095,Celestus fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,fowleri,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1971)", 4096,Celestus microblepharis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,microblepharis,,,,,"(Underwood, 1959)", 4327,Chaetodipus artus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,artus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1900)",Synonym = Perognathus artus. 4328,Chaetodipus baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,baileyi,,,,,"Merriam, 1894",Includes subspecies C. b. baileyi and C. b. domensis. Excludes subspecies now assigned to C. rudinoris (Riddle et al. 2000). 4329,Chaetodipus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,californicus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1889)", 4333,Chaetodipus hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,hispidus,,,,,"(Baird, 1858)", 4334,Chaetodipus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,intermedius,,,,,"(Merriam, 1889)", 4335,Chaetodipus nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,nelsoni,,,,,"(Merriam, 1894)", 4336,Chaetodipus penicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,penicillatus,,,,,"Woodhouse, 1852",C. lineatus is probably conspecific with C. penicillatus (Wilson and Reeder 1993). Two subspecies listed in Wilson and Ruff (1999) (C. p. eremicus and C. p. atrodorsalis; 1999) are accepted by some authorities to represent a separate species (C. eremicus eremicus and C. e. atrodorsalis; see references in Mantooth and Best 2005b). 4338,Chaetodipus spinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,spinatus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1889)", 4603,Chelemys macronyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chelemys,macronyx,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","Included as a subspecies of C. megalonyx by Mann (1978) and Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980); recognized as species by Osgood (1943) and Pearson (1984, 1995). Osgood (1943) designated the skin of Notiomys connectens as the holotype of this composite specimen (skull an Abrothrix) and synonymized it with macronyx vestitus." 4658,Chionomys gud,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chionomys,gud,,,,,"(Satunin, 1909)", 4659,Chionomys nivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chionomys,nivalis,,,,,"(Martins, 1842)", 4660,Chionomys roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Chionomys,roberti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)", 4669,Chiromyscus chiropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiromyscus,chiropus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1891)","The species is very similar to Niviventer langbianis, but has nails instead of claws on each big toe (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 4672,Chironius vincenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,vincenti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 4679,Chiropodomys calamianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiropodomys,calamianensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1934)", 4680,Chiropodomys gliroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiropodomys,gliroides,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)", 4681,Chiropodomys karlkoopmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiropodomys,karlkoopmani,,,,,"Musser, 1979", 4683,Chiropodomys muroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiropodomys,muroides,,,,,"Medway, 1965",This species is the smallest in body size of any known species of Chiropodomys; its closest phylogenetic allies may be C. gliroides and C. pusillus (Musser and Carleton 2005). 4684,Chiropodomys pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chiropodomys,pusillus,,,,,"Thomas, 1893","Thomas described pusillus as a species, but Musser (1979) treated it as a distinctive subspecies of C. gliroides. However, the few known specimens of pusillus represent a population of small-bodied mice in which the range of variation of most dimensions are outside of the range recorded for all other samples of C. gliroides." 4803,Abrothrix andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Abrothrix,andinus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1858)","Formerly included in Muridae and evaluated in the1996 Red List as Chroeomys andinus. Generic synonyms include Akodon (Phillipi, 1858) and Chroeomys (Phillipi, 1858). Species synonyms include cinnamomea (Philippi, 1896); dolichonyx (Philippi, 1896); gossei (Thomas, 1920); jucundus (Thomas, 1913); and polius Osgood, 1944. A. a. dolichonyx has been suggested as a subspecies for Bolivian populations (Anderson 1997)." 4972,Myodes centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,centralis,,,,,"Miller, 1906",Was listed in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the name Clethrionomys centralis. 4997,Cnemidophorus vanzoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,vanzoi,,,,,"(Baskin & Williams, 1966)", 5151,Colomys goslingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Colomys,goslingi,,,,,"Thomas & Wroughton, 1907",Colomys goslingi possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 5221,Congosorex polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Congosorex,polli,,,,,"(Heim de Balsac & Lamotte, 1956)","Nowak (1999) considered Congosorex to be a subgenus of Myosorex and that Congosorex polli is therefore valid as Myosorex polli. Rainer Hutterer notes that the status of Congosorex, Myosorex, and Surdisorex as separate genera is confirmed and defined (in litt. 2002)." 5501,Crateromys paulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crateromys,paulus,,,,,"Musser & Gordon, 1981", 5512,Madromys blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Madromys,blanfordi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1881)", 5513,Cremnomys cutchicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Cremnomys,cutchicus,,,,,"Wroughton, 1912","Agrawal (2000) considered all the subspecies listed by Ellerman (1961) as not being different from one another based on studies carried out on the specimens present with Zoological Survey of India and Bombay Natural History Society and synonymized them with Cremnomys cutchicus Wroughton, 1912." 5521,Cricetomys emini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Cricetomys,emini,,,,,"Wroughton, 1910",This species is most likely a species complex (E. van der Straaten pers. comm.). We follow Happold (in press) by including Cricetomys kivuensis in C. emini. 5523,Cricetulus alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,alticola,,,,,"Thomas, 1917", 5524,Cricetulus barabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,barabensis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)", 5526,Cricetulus longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)", 5527,Cricetulus sokolovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,sokolovi,,,,,"Orlov & Malygin, 1988",Cricetulus sokolovi was elevated to species status based on chromosomal and pelage traits (Musser and Carleton 2005). It was formerly attributed to C. barabensis obscurus (Smith and Xie 2008). 5528,Cricetulus migratorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cricetulus,migratorius,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)", 5558,Crocidura ansellorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,ansellorum,,,,,"Hutterer & Dippenaar, 1987", 5559,Crocidura baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,baileyi,,,,,"Osgood, 1936", 5562,Crocidura crenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,crenata,,,,,"Brosset, DuBost & Heim de Balsac, 1965", 5565,Crocidura eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,eisentrauti,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1957", 5567,Crocidura grassei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,grassei,,,,,"Brosset, Dubost & Heim de Balsac, 1965", 5568,Crocidura kivuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,kivuana,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968", 5569,Crocidura lanosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lanosa,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968", 5571,Crocidura longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,longipes,,,,,"Hutterer & Happold, 1983",No material collected since the type was collected in 1967. 5572,Crocidura lucina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lucina,,,,,"Dippenaar, 1980", 5576,Crocidura maquassiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,maquassiensis,,,,,"Roberts, 1946","Meester et al. (1986) raise doubts about the validity of the species, which has been described as a variant of the Reddish-grey Musk Shrew (C. cyanea) or a form of the Lesser White-toothed Musk Shrew (C. suaveolens). We similarly caution that this may represent a species complex based on ecological divergence between the lower-land sand forests of Maputaland and the grassland escarpment subpopulations (P. Taylor unpubl. data), and will need revision if taxonomic work confirms this. However, until new research proves its relatedness to other musk shrews, we retain the species status. ." 5580,Crocidura phaeura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,phaeura,,,,,"Osgood, 1936", 5584,Crocidura telfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,telfordi,,,,,"Hutterer, 1986","There is a need to review the taxonomic relationship of populations from the Uluguru Mountains and the Udzungwa Mountains to determine if they are a single, or two distinct, species." 5585,Crocidura thalia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,thalia,,,,,"Dippenaar, 1980", 5589,Crocidura ludia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,ludia,,,,,"Hollister, 1916", 5591,Crocidura polia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,polia,,,,,"Hollister, 1916", 5592,Crocidura raineyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,raineyi,,,,,"Heller, 1912", 5593,Crocidura selina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,selina,,,,,"Dollman, 1915",There is a need to confirm the identity of animals from Kenya provisionally allocated to this species (Crocidura cf. selina) by Oguge et al. (2004). 5594,Crocidura thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,thomensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1887)", 5595,Crocidura andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,andamanensis,,,,,"Miller, 1902",Generic synonym = Praesorex. 5596,Crocidura armenica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,armenica,,,,,"Gureev, 1963", 5601,Crocidura grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,grandis,,,,,"Miller, 1911",This species is in need of further taxonomic research (L. Heaney pers. comm). 5603,Crocidura hispida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,hispida,,,,,"Thomas, 1913", 5604,Crocidura jenkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,jenkinsi,,,,,"Chakraborty, 1978", 5610,Crocidura nicobarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nicobarica,,,,,"Miller, 1902","Crocidura nicobarica is separate from C. jenkinsi, which occurs on South Andaman Island, Indian Ocean." 5611,Crocidura orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,orientalis,,,,,"Jentink in Weber, 1890","This taxon is sometimes included in C. fuliginosa (Heaney et al. 1987; Jenkins 1982), but represents a distinct species (Corbet and Hill 1992, Ruedi 1995). In Java C. orientalis is confined to the mountains and replaced by C. brunnea in the lowlands (Hutterer 2005). Ruedi (1995) distinguished lawuana as a subspecies." 5615,Crocidura pergrisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,pergrisea,,,,,"Miller, 1913",Hutterer (2005) recognizes this species as distinct from C. zarudnyi following Jenkins (1976) and places all the largest specimens from Baltistan in this species. Roberts (1997) reports further localities from Pakistan which provisionally may belong to C. zarudnyi. 5617,Crocidura shantungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,shantungensis,,,,,"Miller, 1901",Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder (1993) treats this as a synonym of C. suaveolens. 5618,Crocidura susiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,susiana,,,,,"Redding & Lay, 1978", 5619,Crocidura tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,tenuis,,,,,"Müller, 1840","Jenkins (1982) considered conspecificy of tenuis with fuliginosa but stated that present evidence is not sufficient. Hutterer (1993) and Ruedi (1995) retained it as a separate species. In case of conspecificy with fuliginosa, tenuis would be the earliest name for the group (Hutterer 2005)." 5622,Crocidura bottegoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,bottegoides,,,,,"Hutterer & Yalden, 1990", 5625,Crocidura elgonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,elgonius,,,,,"Osgood, 1910", 5626,Crocidura erica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,erica,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 5627,Crocidura fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,fischeri,,,,,"Pagenstecher, 1885",There is a need to better understand the relationship between Crocidura fischeri and C. voi. 5629,Crocidura foxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,foxi,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 5633,Crocidura harenna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,harenna,,,,,"Hutterer & Yalden, 1990", 5634,Crocidura macmillani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,macmillani,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 5635,Crocidura macowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,macowi,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 5637,Crocidura pitmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,pitmani,,,,,"Barclay, 1932",There is a problem with the taxonomy of this species - more taxonomic research is needed. 5638,Crocidura ultima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,ultima,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 5640,Crocidura zimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,zimmeri,,,,,"Osgood, 1936", 5679,Crossomys moncktoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crossomys,moncktoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 5705,Crunomys fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crunomys,fallax,,,,,"Thomas, 1897", 5798,Ctenomys boliviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,boliviensis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1848",Ctenomys nattereri is treated here as being conspecific with this species (some authors consider it to be a subspecies) hence its distribution extends to Brazil (Cook and Yates 1994). 5814,Ctenomys mendocinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,mendocinus,,,,,"Philippi, 1869",Synonym C. haigi according to Wilson and Reeder (1993). G. Amori (pers. comm. 2001) advises retaining the species since it is recognized by Nowak (1999). Retained until taxonomic revision of the whole genus is undertaken. 5829,Ctenomys torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,torquatus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1830", 6091,Cynomys ludovicianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Cynomys,ludovicianus,,,,,"(Ord, 1815)","After 1975 (Pizzimenti's morphometric analyses), C.ludovicianus arizonensis was no longer recognised as a valid subspecies (Hafner et al 1998).... now a synonym of Cynomys ludovicianus." 6269,Dasymys incomtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Dasymys,incomtus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1847)","There are at least 14 Dasymys species recognised based on morphological evidence (Monadjem et al. 2015). Mullin et al. (2005) provided a biogeographical framework for 11 of these morphological species, showing that many of the range-restricted endemics were associated with endemic hotspots for other species of mammals. Of relevance to the assessment region, two species have been split from D. incomtus: D. capensis has been elevated to full species status based on cranial morphology and its isolated distribution in the Cape region (Mullin et al. 2004). Similarly, D. robertsii (from northern South Africa) was previously known as D. incomtus but is chromosomally, genetically and morphologically distinct (Mullin et al. 2002, 2004). Finally, D. incomtus now refers only to the population restricted to eastern South Africa (from where the type locality originates), leaving the populations outside of this region without a name and are referred to as D. cf incomtus for now (Monadjem et al. 2015). This genus is in urgent need of a continent-wide review." 6270,Dasymys montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Dasymys,montanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 6272,Dasymys rufulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Dasymys,rufulus,,,,,"Miller, 1900","According to Mullin 2003, the range is much expanded to inlcude west-central and parts of East Africa but probably a species complex, includes D. longipilosus Eisentraut, 1963." 6329,Delomys dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Delomys,dorsalis,,,,,"(Hensel, 1873)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 6445,Dendromus messorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,messorius,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)",There is some taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species. 6446,Dendromus mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,mystacalis,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1863)","This widespread species complex includes many named subspecies with unconfirmed relationships between the groups (Monadjem et al. 2015). Recent chromosomal analysis by Solano et al. (2014) reveals further potential species splits, but additional research is urgently required to clarify their taxonomic relationships." 6447,Dendromus nyikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,nyikae,,,,,"Wroughton, 1909","Previously included under Dendromus melanotis, this species was subsequently recognised as
distinct (Musser & Carleton 2005). However, the taxonomic status of the species within the assessment region, and its relationship to D. melanotis, remain in question. Further molecular work is required to confirm species status (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 6448,Dendromus oreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,oreas,,,,,"Osgood, 1936", 6449,Dendromus vernayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendromus,vernayi,,,,,"Hill & Carter, 1937", 6483,Dendroprionomys rousseloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Dendroprionomys,rousseloti,,,,,"Petter, 1966", 6490,Deomys ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Deomys,ferrugineus,,,,,"Thomas, 1888", 6508,Desmodilliscus braueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Desmodilliscus,braueri,,,,,"Wettstein, 1916", 6509,Desmodillus auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Desmodillus,auricularis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)","Desmodillus is a monotypic genus, restricted to southern Africa, with no recognised subspecies (Nel 2013)." 6511,Desmomys harringtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Desmomys,harringtoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)",Generic synonym = Pelomys. 6568,Dicrostonyx torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,torquatus,,,,,"Pallas, 1778","Once believed to encompass most or all New World populations, but karyotypic and breeding evidence supports the strict application of D. torquatus for only Eurasian populations (see Wilson and Reeder 2005 and references therein)." 6569,Dicrostonyx vinogradovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,vinogradovi,,,,,"Ognev, 1948",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 6638,Diploglossus montisserrati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,montisserrati,,,,,"Underwood, 1964", 6685,Dipodomys compactus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,compactus,,,,,"True, 1889","Formerly regarded as conspecific with D. ordii. Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder, 2005) regarded D. compactus and D. ordii as separate species. Some authors incorrectly have regarded D. compactus as occurring only on islands and have considered all kangaroo rats on the mainland of southern Texas to be D. ordii." 6691,Dipodomys ordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,ordii,,,,,"Woodhouse, 1853", 6705,Dipus sagitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Dipus,sagitta,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)",Dipus sagitta is only species in the genus Dipus. 6814,Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Dunckerocampus,dactyliophorus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","Various authors ascribe the name Dunckerocampus to either a separate genus (Kuiter 2000, 2009) or as a subgenus of Doryrhamphus (Dawson 1985). Dunckerocampus is treated here as a separate genus based on observable morphological differences, including the absence of brood pouch folds on pregnant males." 6821,Dremomys lokriah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Dremomys,lokriah,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 6822,Dremomys pernyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Dremomys,pernyi,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)", 6823,Dremomys pyrrhomerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Dremomys,pyrrhomerus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)",This species was formerly included by some authors in Dremomys rufigenis (Smith and Xie 2008). 6858,Dryomys nitedula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Dryomys,nitedula,,,,,"(Pallas, 1778)","The western subspecies intermedius is taxonomically not well defined, but occurs in the part of its range where the species is declining." 7577,Eligmodontia moreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eligmodontia,moreni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7578,Eligmodontia morgani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eligmodontia,morgani,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1901",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7579,Eligmodontia puerulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eligmodontia,puerulus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1896)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7653,Ellobius alaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ellobius,alaicus,,,,,"Vorontsov, Liapounova <i>et al.</i>, 1969","Synonym = E. talpinus.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 7656,Ellobius talpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ellobius,talpinus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)","There are up to eight subspecies (Ognev 1950), but taxonomy needs to be reviewed. Molecular data has shown that the major barrier for the species is the Volga River which divides all northern mole voles into two large lineages (Bogdanov et al. 2015), which may correspond to subspecies. A former subspecies from the eastern rim of the distribution area has been elevated to a separate species – E. tancrei." 7657,Ellobius tancrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ellobius,tancrei,,,,,"Blasius, 1884",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7782,Eolagurus luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eolagurus,luteus,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1840)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7783,Eolagurus przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eolagurus,przewalskii,,,,,"(Büchner, 1889)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7799,Caryomys eva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Caryomys,eva,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7800,Caryomys inez,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Caryomys,inez,,,,,"(Thomas, 1908)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7801,Eothenomys melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,melanogaster,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1871)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 7802,Eothenomys olitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,olitor,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)","Smith and Xie (2008) recognize two subspecies: 1) Eothenomys olitor hypolitor Wang and Li, 2000; west Yunnan (Yingjiang); 2) E. o. olitor (Thomas, 1911); northeast Yunnan (Zhaotong area)." 7804,Myodes regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,regulus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1907)","This taxon is usually included in M. rufocanus (G.M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951; Gromov and Polyakov 1977; Hinton 1926; also see references in Kaneko 1990) but it was treated as a separate species by Corbet (1978). In a study of red-backed voles from Russia, northeastern China, and Korea, Kaneko (1990) thoroughly documented morphological distinctions between M. rufocanus and M. regulus, considering the latter to be a Korean endemic and suggesting that ""the true geographical demarcation line between the two species lies on the western and southern boundary of the Kaima Plateau, North Korea."" Kaneko also discovered that adult and old regulus lack molar roots, a key character for separating Myodes from Eothenomys, and so transferred it to Eothenomys.

Subsequent mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA analyses conclusively demonstrate that M. regulus is distinct but phylogenetically close to M. rufocanus, not typical Eothenomys (Suzuki et al. 1999). Wakana et al. (1996) noted that the ""absence of rooting of the molars in the Korean vole … is a characteristic that may have developed within a short period of evolutional time in the Korean population."" The G-banding pattern of regulus is ""essentially identical"" to that of M. rufocanus, both differing from M. glareolus, but Y-chromosome morphology implicates closer relationship between M. regulus and M. smithii (Iwasa et al., 1999), a Japanese vole also having unrooted molars. Iwasa et al. (1999) stated that phylogenetic affinities among rufocanus, regulus, and smithii</i. ""are extremely complicated."" To this complicated mix must be added M. shanseius (also rootless), which is so morphologically similar to M. regulus that the same specimens have been variously identified as one or the other. They differ only in length of tail, interorbital breadth, and M3 occlusal patterns; as currently known, their distributions are allopatric, perhaps separated by the Liao He River in Liaoning Province (Kaneko, 1992). The genetic integrity of M. regulus relative to M. shanseius similarly warrants additional study." 7922,Eptesicus diminutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,diminutus,,,,,"Osgood, 1915", 8032,Eropeplus canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Eropeplus,canus,,,,,"Miller & Hollister, 1921", 8162,Euchoreutes naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Euchoreutes,naso,,,,,"Sclater, 1891", 8258,Euneomys petersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euneomys,petersoni,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1903",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 8408,Eurypegasus papilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,PEGASIDAE,Eurypegasus,papilio,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 8437,Exilisciurus exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Exilisciurus,exilis,,,,,"(Müller, 1838)", 8701,Funambulus palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funambulus,palmarum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 8702,Funambulus pennantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funambulus,pennantii,,,,,"Wroughton, 1905", 8755,Funisciurus carruthersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,carruthersi,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 8756,Funisciurus anerythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,anerythrus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1890)","The West African population present in Benin and Nigeria might represent a distinct species, with further taxonomic studies needed to resolve this question." 8757,Funisciurus bayonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,bayonii,,,,,"(Bocage, 1890)", 8758,Funisciurus congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,congicus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)",Likely represents at least two sympatric species (P. Grubb pers. comm.). 8759,Funisciurus isabella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,isabella,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)","A specimen from Mont du Chaillu, Gabon, probably represents a distinct species (P. Grubb pers. comm.) We follow Happold (in press) in recognizing Funisciurus duchaillui as a valid species." 8760,Funisciurus lemniscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,lemniscatus,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1857)", 8762,Funisciurus pyrropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,pyrropus,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1833)", 8763,Funisciurus substriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,substriatus,,,,,"De Winton, 1899", 9089,Geoxus valdivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Geoxus,valdivianus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1858)",Further taxonomic research is needed since this species could be a composite of two or more species. 9092,Gerbillurus paeba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillurus,paeba,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1836)","South Africa
This species was previously described under the genus Gerbillurus, which included three other species, of which only Gerbilliscus vallinus (previously Gerbillurus vallinus) occurs within the assessment region. Until recently Gerbillurus and Gerbilliscus were treated as separate genera (Musser & Carleton 2005). However, chromosomal, mitochondrial and nuclear molecular data suggest that they should be combined into one genus (see Monadjem et al. 2015). Gerbilliscus was also previously included in Tatera, but evidence suggests that the genus Tatera is restricted to a single Asian species and that all African species formerly grouped in Tatera form a distinct clade that corresponds with Gerbilliscus (see Monadjem et al. 2015). 
This is one of four species from the “Gerbillurus” group that can be distinguished from other Gerbilliscus species by the hairy soles of their hindfeet, their relatively long tails, and their small body size (Monadjem et al. 2015). When compared to G. vallinus, G. paeba can be recognised by its lighter pelage colouration, which is generally light reddish-brown/-grey, shorter hindfeet (< 30 mm), and the lack of red/black hairs on the end of its tail. Taxonomic revision of the peripherally distributed subspecies from the assessment region, including G. p. mulleri (Western Cape Province), G. p. exilis (Eastern Cape Province), G. p. coombsi (Limpopo Province) and the nominate G. p. paeba is urgently required (Qumsiyeh et al. 1991)." 9095,Gerbillurus vallinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillurus,vallinus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1918)","South Africa
Gerbilliscus vallinus was formerly described under the genus Gerbillurus. However, based on morphological differences (for example, larger body size, darker pelage colour, and naked hindfoot soles) between the Gerbilliscus species and those of Gerbillurus, these groups were separated (Monadjem et al. 2015). Based on chromosomal and molecular data, G. setzeri isthis species’ closest relative (Qumsiyeh et al. 1991; Granjon et al. 2012). Two subspecies have been recognised, namely G. v. vallinus from the Northern Cape Province and G. v. seeheimi from the Namib Desert, Namibia (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 9106,Gerbillus aquilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,aquilus,,,,,"Schlitter & Setzer, 1972", 9113,Gerbillus cheesmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,cheesmani,,,,,"Thomas, 1919", 9114,Gerbillus cosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,cosensis,,,,,"Dollman, 1914","Treated by Musser and Carleton in Wilson and Reeder (2005) as a synonym of G. agag Thomas, 1903, although authors note that it could be treated as a separate species." 9119,Gerbillus dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,dunni,,,,,"Thomas, 1904","Gerbillus bilensis Frick, 1914 was in 2003 Red List - now put into synonymy with G. dunni." 9123,Gerbillus gerbillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,gerbillus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1801)", 9126,Gerbillus harwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,harwoodi,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",Included in Gerbillus following Happold (in press). 9127,Gerbillus henleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,henleyi,,,,,"(de Winton, 1903)", 9135,Gerbillus mesopotamiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,mesopotamiae,,,,,"Harrison, 1956", 9137,Gerbillus nigeriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,nigeriae,,,,,"Thomas & Hinton, 1920","

Specimens from the type-locality (Farniso, near Kano, Nigeria) should be compared with specimens from other parts of the range, especially using molecular methods, to definitely ascertain the taxonomic identity of the species as currently considered here.

" 9240,Glaucomys volans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Glaucomys,volans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 9303,Golunda ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Golunda,ellioti,,,,,"Gray, 1837", 9452,Grammomys caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,caniceps,,,,,"Hutterer & Dieterlen, 1984", 9453,Grammomys cometes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,cometes,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1908)","In the past Grammomys cometes included G. ibeanus, which is now recognised to occur to the north of the Zambezi River, and the two thicket rats are not considered sister species. Relations between G. cometes and G. dolichurus are poorly understood. The two species are sympatric and occasionally even syntopic. Distinguishing G. cometes from G. dolichurus by morphological characteristics is not fully reliable since character states partly overlap. Genetically, G. cometes is very close to G. dolichurus (mean sequence divergence of 3.4% ± 0.8% SE) and these two thicket rats have identical diploid number of chromosomes (2n = 52). Despite being close genetically and similar morphologically, G. cometes and G. dolichurus have segregated ecological niches and behave as distinct species. Only the southern-most population of G. cometes from Amathole forest complex has been satisfactorily defined by means of morphology, karyology, and molecular markers (Kryštufek et al. 2008). This population may be a geographic isolate and differs in certain cranial traits from conspecifics further north in KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique. More work is needed for a proper assessment of a taxonomic scope of G. cometes." 9454,Grammomys dolichurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,dolichurus,,,,,"(Smuts, 1832)","This is a species complex as populations in the northern parts of the distribution may correspond to a distinct species, namely Grammomys surdaster (Musser & Carleton 1993). The characteristics delineating G. dolichurus from G. cometes and G. ibeanus appear unreliable, especially where these species occur sympatrically (Skinner & Chimimba 2005) and therefore they are easily confused (Happold 2013). However, on average G. dolichurus is smaller (skull length < 31 mm) and does not have a white postauricular patch (present on G. cometes and G. ibeanus). In spite of their close genetic and morphological proximity, G. cometes and G. dolichurus tend toward ecological segregation and behave as distinct biological species (Kryštufek et al. 2008)." 9456,Grammomys gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,gigas,,,,,"(Dollman, 1911)", 9457,Grammomys ibeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,ibeanus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1910)", 9458,Grammomys macmillani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,macmillani,,,,,"(Wroughton, 1907)", 9459,Grammomys minnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,minnae,,,,,"Hutterer & Dieterlen, 1984", 9460,Grammomys kuru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Grammomys,kuru,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1907)","We include Grammomys poensis within G. kuru, following Happold (in press)." 9480,Graphiurus christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,christyi,,,,,"Dollman, 1914",Will be transferred to family Gliridae. 9481,Graphiurus crassicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,crassicaudatus,,,,,"(Jentink, 1888)", 9483,Graphiurus kelleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,kelleni,,,,,"(Reuvens, 1890)","We follow Holden (2005, 2013) by including Graphiurus olga and G. parvus within G. kelleni." 9484,Graphiurus lorraineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,lorraineus,,,,,"Dollman, 1910",Will be transferred to family Gliridae. 9487,Graphiurus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,murinus,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1822)","Taylor et al. (1994) reported that specimens from Mkhuze in KwaZulu-Natal, Simunye in Swaziland and Waterpoort in Limpopo differed morphologically (reduced upper molar, inflated bullae) from other specimens of Graphiurus murinus and from the Stone Dormouse (G. platyops). Similarly, recent evidence reported differences in the morphology of two populations of G. murinus in the Eastern Cape (Kryštufek et al. 2004). Although karyotypes were the same for both populations, they differed from previously recorded karyotypes for this genus in Africa (Kryštufek et al. 2004). Additionally, a high degree of chromosomal diversity has been recorded in this species (Dippenaar et al. 1983; Holden 1993). Taxonomic research and DNA analysis is therefore necessary to carry out a systematic revision of this species complex (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Holden 2013)." 9491,Graphiurus platyops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,platyops,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","Two subspecies in southern Africa were recognised by Meester et al. (1986), including the nominate Graphiurus platyops platyops occurring across northern South Africa (including the Limpopo, North West, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces), into Zimbabwe and marginally into central Mozambique and eastern Botswana; and the isolated G. p. rupicola (Thomas & Hinton 1925), which is found along the central plateau of Namibia, and extending, at the edge of its range, into the Northern Cape Province. However, more recently these subspecies have been reclassified as the distinct species: G. platyops and G. rupicola (Holden 2005)." 9493,Graphiurus surdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,surdus,,,,,"Dollman, 1912", 9630,Haeromys margarettae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Haeromys,margarettae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)", 9828,Heliophobius argenteocinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Heliophobius,argenteocinereus,,,,,"Peters, 1846", 9830,Heliosciurus gambianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Heliosciurus,gambianus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1835)",This is almost certainly a complex of several similar species. The form occurring east of the Nile River (multicolor) is likely to be distinct (P. Grubb pers. comm.). 9831,Heliosciurus mutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Heliosciurus,mutabilis,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)",Has variously been treated as a distinct species (e.g. Grubb 1982; Hoffmann et al. 1993) or as a subspecies of H. gambianus or H. rufobrachium. 9832,Heliosciurus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Heliosciurus,punctatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)","Sometimes considered a subspecies of H. gambianus (e.g., Rosevear 1969, Amtmann 1975), but see Roth and Thorington (1982) and Grubb et al. (1998)." 9833,Heliosciurus rufobrachium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Heliosciurus,rufobrachium,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1842)",This is probably a complex of several similar species (P. Grubb pers. comm.). 9835,Heliosciurus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Heliosciurus,undulatus,,,,,"(True, 1892)", 9987,Heterocephalus glaber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Heterocephalus,glaber,,,,,"Rüppell, 1842", 10005,Heteromys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,australis,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","This is possibly a species complex, in Colombia (Anderson 1999).The form occurring in southwestern Ecuador is now considered a distinct species, H. teleus." 10217,Holochilus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Holochilus,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1819)",The genus needs taxonomic revision. 10218,Holochilus chacarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Holochilus,chacarius,,,,,"Thomas, 1906", 10219,Lundomys molitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lundomys,molitor,,,,,"(Winge, 1887)",Voss and Carleton (1993) propose Holochilus magnus as the same as Hesperomys molitor and synonymize these as Lundomys molitor. 10220,Holochilus sciureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Holochilus,sciureus,,,,,"Wagner, 1842",Holochilus sciureus may include a species complex. 10278,Hybomys basilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hybomys,basilii,,,,,"Eisentraut, 1965", 10280,Hybomys lunaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hybomys,lunaris,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)", 10282,Hybomys trivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hybomys,trivirgatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)", 10283,Hybomys univittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hybomys,univittatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)",Hybomys univittatus possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 10310,Hydromys chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hydromys,chrysogaster,,,,,"É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1804","The population on Obi Island, Indonesia, may represent a separate species. There is also a distinct population on the Atherton Tableland, Australia that may represent a separate species (previously described as Hydromys longmani) (K. Aplin and K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 10313,Hydromys neobritannicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hydromys,neobritannicus,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1935", 10314,Baiyankamys shawmayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Baiyankamys,shawmayeri,,,,,"Hinton, 1943","This species has often been placed in the genus, Hydromys (e.g., Flannery 1995, Musser and Carleton 2005). It was originally described as belonging to the genus Baiyankamys, and has been re-assigned to that genus by Helgen (2005)." 10591,Hylomyscus baeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,baeri,,,,,"Heim de Balsac & Aellen, 1965", 10592,Hylomyscus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,parvus,,,,,"Brosset, DuBost & Heim de Balsac, 1965", 10594,Hylomyscus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,alleni,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)", 10595,Hylomyscus carillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,carillus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 10602,Hylopetes bartelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,bartelsi,,,,,"(Chasen, 1939)", 10607,Hylopetes spadiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hylopetes,spadiceus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)","Usage of the names spadiceus, lepidus, platyurus has historically been quite confused and some written material may refer to a species different from that indicated. Moreover taxonomic status of some populations needs reconsideration." 10632,Hyomys dammermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hyomys,dammermani,,,,,"Stein, 1933", 10636,Hyosciurus ileile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Hyosciurus,ileile,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1936", 10642,Hyperacrius fertilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hyperacrius,fertilis,,,,,"(True, 1894)", 10734,Hypsignathus monstrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Hypsignathus,monstrosus,,,,,"H. Allen, 1861", 10748,Hystrix africaeaustralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,africaeaustralis,,,,,"Peters, 1852",No subspecies have been recognised (Meester et al. 1986). 10749,Hystrix brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,brachyura,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 10845,Iomys horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Iomys,horsfieldii,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1838)", 10846,Iomys sipora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Iomys,sipora,,,,,"Chasen & Kloss, 1928", 10851,Irenomys tarsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Irenomys,tarsalis,,,,,"(Philippi, 1900)","Muñoz Pedreros (2000) maintained longicaudatus, along with nominate tarsalis, as subspecies for Chilean populations." 10863,Isoodon auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Isoodon,auratus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1887)","The taxonomy of the Isoodon obesulus / auratus group has been confused. Pope et al. (2001) and Zenger et al. (2005) suggested that I. auratus is possibly conspecific with I. obesulus, but the two forms were allopatric even if the late Pleistocene subfossil material is included (McKenzie et al. 2008), and Westerman et al. (2012) showed that the two species were distinct. The status of subspecies of I. auratus has also been unclear, but Westerman et al. (2012) agreed that I. a. arnhemensis should be merged with I. a. auratus and that I. a. barrowensis was also close to I. a. auratus.

We have evaluated I. auratus as a single species with no subspecies and have evaluated I. peninsulae as a separate species." 10911,Jaculus blanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Jaculus,blanfordi,,,,,"(Murray, 1884)", 11050,Komodomys rintjanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Komodomys,rintjanus,,,,,"(Sody, 1941)","Populations on Rintja and Padar are represented by modern samples, that from Flores by subfossil fragments recovered from sediments 4,000-3,000 years old (Musser 1981; undescribed material studied by Musser)." 11179,Lagurus lagurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lagurus,lagurus,,,,,"Pallas, 1773",It is the only species in the genus Lagurus. 11202,Lamottemys okuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lamottemys,okuensis,,,,,"F. Petter, 1986", 11306,Lariscus niobe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Lariscus,niobe,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 11340,Lasiopodomys brandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lasiopodomys,brandtii,,,,,"(Radde, 1861)","Species taxonomy needs revision. Currently three subspecies are recognized: L. b. brandtii, L. b. hangaicus and L. b. aga." 11342,Lasiopodomys mandarinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lasiopodomys,mandarinus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1871)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 11352,Lasiurus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Lasiurus,intermedius,,,,,"H. Allen, 1862",Subgenus Dasypterus. Includes floridanus. 11385,Leggadina forresti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leggadina,forresti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)",Generic synonym = Pseudomys. 11387,Leimacomys buettneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leimacomys,buettneri,,,,,"Matschie, 1893", 11389,Leiocephalus herminieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,herminieri,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)", 11480,Lemmus amurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lemmus,amurensis,,,,,"Vinogradov, 1924", 11482,Lemmus sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lemmus,sibiricus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","This species was formerly broadly defined to encompass not only most Palaearctic forms but also North American populations now considered to be a separate species, L. trimucronatus (Wilson and Reeder 2005). Now three subspecies are recognized: L. s. sibiricus Kerr, 1792 (found in most of the distribution area), L. s. novosibiricus Vinogradov, 1924 (endemic to New Siberia Island) and L. s. portenkoi Tchernyavsky, 1967 (endemic to Wrangel Island)." 11489,Lemniscomys griselda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,griselda,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 11490,Lemniscomys hoogstraali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,hoogstraali,,,,,"Dieterlen, 1991","The species is uncertain because the single specimen is imperfect (Musser and Carleton 2005). It is unclear whether it represents a valid species or an aberrant individual of L. zebra, which is found around the type locality (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 11492,Lemniscomys macculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,macculus,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1910)", 11493,Lemniscomys rosalia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,rosalia,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)","Meester et al. (1986) listed four subspecies of which only one, Lemniscomys r. spinalis (Thomas 1916) occurs in the assessment region: KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Gauteng and North West provinces, as well as Swaziland and western Zimbabwe. Van der Straeten et al. (2008) note that L. rosalia may represent a complex of species. However, as only one subspecies is listed for the assessment region, and due to the lack of either morphometric or genetic data, we treat it as a single species for this assessment." 11494,Lemniscomys roseveari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,roseveari,,,,,"Van der Straeten, 1980","There are some concerns over the validity of the species (Musser and Carleton 2005,  Monadjem et al. 2015)." 11518,Leopoldamys edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leopoldamys,edwardsi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1882)","The taxonomic status of Hainan island populations uncertain (Smith and Xie 2008). Genetic data indicates that Leopoldamys edwardsi is a species complex, and taxonomic revision is required (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 11691,Leptomys elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Leptomys,elegans,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","Specimens from far east and far west Papua New Guinea, that were formerly allocated to Leptomys elegans, are now considered to be undescribed species (K. Aplin pers. comm.)." 11796,Lepus yarkandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,yarkandensis,,,,,"Günther, 1875",There are no recognized subspecies for Lepus yarkandensis (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). 12079,Erythrolamprus cursor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,cursor,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1789)", 12080,Erythrolamprus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,ornatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)", 12081,Erythrolamprus perfuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,perfuscus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 12349,Lophuromys cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,cinereus,,,,,"Dieterlen & Gelmroth, 1974", 12355,Lophuromys nudicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,nudicaudus,,,,,"Heller, 1911", 12356,Lophuromys sikapusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,sikapusi,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)", 12361,Lorentzimys nouhuysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lorentzimys,nouhuysi,,,,,"Jentink, 1911",This may be a species complex. 12646,Macrotarsomys ingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Macrotarsomys,ingens,,,,,"Petter, 1959",Will be transferred to family Nesomyidae. 12703,Malacomys edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Malacomys,edwardsi,,,,,"Rochebrune, 1885", 12704,Malacomys longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Malacomys,longipes,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1877",This may be a species complex. Further taxonomic study is needed. 12712,Malacothrix typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Malacothrix,typica,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1834)","Although currently a monotypic genus, this may be a species complex with six possible subspecies proposed. These include Malacothrix typica typica from the Graaff-Reinet region in the Eastern Cape, M. t. fryi Roberts 1917 from the North West Province, M. t. molopensis Roberts 1933 from southeastern Botswana, M. t. kalaharicus Roberts 1932 from southwestern Botswana, M. t. egregia Thomas 1926 from northern Namibia, and M. t. damarensis Roberts 1932 from central Namibia (Meester et al. 1986). Further taxonomic investigation is required to confirm the status of these subspecies (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Monadjem et al. 2015)." 12721,Mallomys aroaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mallomys,aroaensis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1907)","Records allocated to Mallomys aroaensis from the Arfak Mountains, Indonesia represent an undescribed species. Animals from the Huon Peninsula (M. a. hercules) may also represent a distinct species." 12723,Mallomys istapantap,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mallomys,istapantap,,,,,"Flannery, Aplin & Groves, 1989", 12815,Marmosa xerophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,xerophila,,,,,"Handley & Gordon, 1979", 12823,Marmosops invictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,invictus,,,,,"Goldman, 1912", 12826,Marmota himalayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,himalayana,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1841)", 12829,Marmota baibacina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,baibacina,,,,,"Kastschenko, 1899", 12830,Marmota bobak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,bobak,,,,,"Muller, 1776","Includes three subspecies: M. b. bobak Muller, 1776 (Ukraine, European part of Russia); M. b. kozlovi Fokanov, 1966 (Volga River region, right bank around Saratov City); M. b. schaganensis Bazhanov, 1930 (the rest of the range)." 12831,Marmota camtschatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,camtschatica,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 12866,Mastomys erythroleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,erythroleucus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1853)",This is probably a species complex. 12868,Mastomys natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mastomys,natalensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)","A good review of the systematics of Mastomys is provided by Granjon et al. (1997). Mastomys spp. are cryptic and difficult to distinguish morphologically but clearly separable by molecular and chromosomal markers (Britton-Davidian et al. 1995; Lecompte et al. 2005). For example, within the assessment region, M. coucha and M. natalensis can be distinguished only through chromosome number (in M. coucha 2n = 36; in M. natalensis 2n = 32) and molecular markers (Colangelo et al. 2013) but not on cranio-dental features, nor a multivariate analysis (Dippenaar et al. 1993)." 12894,Maxomys dollmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,dollmani,,,,,"(Ellerman, 1941)", 12895,Maxomys hellwaldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,hellwaldii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1878)", 12896,Maxomys hylomyoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,hylomyoides,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","At one time listed as a subspecies of M. alticola (Chasen 1940), but later reinstated as a distinctive species (Medway 1964, Musser et al. 1979)." 12898,Maxomys inflatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,inflatus,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)", 12902,Maxomys pagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,pagensis,,,,,"(Miller, 1903)","Usually listed as a subspecies of M. surifer (Chasen 1940), but treated as a species by Musser et al. (1979) and retained as such by Corbet and Hill (1992)." 12906,Maxomys wattsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,wattsi,,,,,"Musser, 1991","Maxomys wattsi is a distinctive species that is morphologically isolated from all other Sulawesian Maxomys, except possibly M. musschenbroekii (Musser and Carleton 2005). The relationship of this species to other species in the genus should be clarified." 13046,Melanomys caliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Melanomys,caliginosus,,,,,"(Tomes, 1860)",This species apparently includes a species complex. 13114,Melomys aerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,aerosus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1920)","Tate (1951) suggested a relationship between Melomys aerosus and the New Guinea M. levipes group, but cranial morphology indicates M. aerosus to be more closely related to Australian species of Melomys, especially M. cervinipes, than to the endemic Melomys of New Guinea (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 13116,Melomys burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,burtoni,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1887)","This may be a complex of several species. Melomys burtoni and M. lutillus are considered to be conspecific by a number of authors. We follow Musser and Carleton (2005) in retaining M. burtoni and M. lutillus as distinct species pending further taxonomic revision. Menzies (1996) considered the New Guinea populations in the Trans-Fly to be a subspecies of M. lutillus (M. l. muscalis), thus excluding M. burtoni from New Guinea. Musser and Carleton (2005) treat these populations as M. burtoni pending further taxonomic work, which we also follow." 13125,Paramelomys lorentzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,lorentzii,,,,,"(Jentink, 1908)",This species was formerly included in the genus Melomys. 13129,Paramelomys platyops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,platyops,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)","This species was formerly included in the genus Melomys. Paramelomys platyops is a species complex. The populations from Cenderawasih Bay, for instance, likely represent an undescribed species (T. Flannery pers. comm.)." 13130,Mammelomys rattoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mammelomys,rattoides,,,,,"(Thomas, 1922)",Previously included in the genus Melomys. 13131,Paramelomys rubex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paramelomys,rubex,,,,,"(Thomas, 1922)",This species was formerly included in the genus Melomys. Paramelomys rubex is a species complex. 13133,Melomys rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,rufescens,,,,,"(Alston, 1877)",M. rufescens is a species complex. Further taxonomic studies on the discrete populations of this species are needed (Flannery 1995). 13144,Menetes berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Menetes,berdmorei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1849)", 13159,Meriones arimalius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,arimalius,,,,,"Cheesman & Hinton, 1924","This information is taken from Musser and Carleton (2005). Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) listed M. arimalius as a valid species, but it was later included in M. libycus (Corbet, 1978, Harrison and Bates 1991). Pavlinov et al. (1990) reinstated arimalius as a separate species and reviewed its salient characters. Even from the terse description of its diagnostic traits provided by Harrison and Bates (1991), who recognized the form as a subspecies of M. libycus, it is evident that arimalius is morphologically different from populations of lybicus north of it in Saudi Arabia. The species was also considered distinct by Nadler and Lay (1967)." 13163,Meriones hurrianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,hurrianae,,,,,"Jordon, 1867", 13164,Meriones libycus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,libycus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823","UAE Taxonomic Note
The taxonomy of this species is problematic. Several subspecies have been described but are not always easily distinguished (Harrison and Bates 1991). M. l. arimalius occurs in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula and is now regarded as a species M. arimalius, Arabian Jird. Specimens from UAE are usually referred to this form (Duckworth 1996, Drew and Tourenq 2005) but Aspinall et al. (2005) list M. lybicus." 13165,Meriones meridianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,meridianus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","The taxonomy of this species needs revision. Several subspecies are recognised. M. (P.) m. dahli Schidlovski, 1962 is currently listed as a subspecies, but is probably an independent species (Gromov and Erbaeva 1995)." 13167,Meriones rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,rex,,,,,"Yerbury & Thomas, 1895", 13169,Meriones tamariscinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,tamariscinus,,,,,"Pallas, 1773",Includes 4-5 subspecies. 13171,Meriones unguiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,unguiculatus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)", 13172,Meriones vinogradovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,vinogradovi,,,,,"Heptner, 1931", 13209,Mesechinus hughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Mesechinus,hughi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1908)", 13222,Mesocricetus raddei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Mesocricetus,raddei,,,,,"(Nehring, 1894)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13407,Microryzomys altissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microryzomys,altissimus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1933)",The Colombian distribution may be a separate species. 13408,Microryzomys minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microryzomys,minutus,,,,,"(Tomes, 1860)","Due to its wide distribution it is probably a species complex, a revision is required." 13426,Microtus agrestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,agrestis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)",Molecular evidence suggests this may be two species (Jaarola and Searle 2002). 13428,Microtus daghestanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,daghestanicus,,,,,"(Shidlovsky, 1919)", 13429,Microtus evoronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,evoronensis,,,,,"Kovalskaya & Sokolov, 1980",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13430,Microtus fortis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,fortis,,,,,"Büchner, 1889", 13431,Microtus gregalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,gregalis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1779)","The only representative of the subgenus Stenocranius. Complex subspecies structure with 11-15 subspecies. Taking into consideration fragmented range and morphological variation, Microtus gregalis probably represents a complex of closely related species. Taxonomic revision is necessary." 13440,Microtus limnophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,limnophilus,,,,,"Büchner, 1889",This species was previously included in M. oeconomus (Musser and Carleton 2005). 13442,Microtus maximowiczii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,maximowiczii,,,,,"(Schrenk, 1859)", 13443,Microtus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Saussure, 1861)",Some authors split it in two species: M. mexicanus and M. mogollonensis (see Musser and Carleton 2005). 13444,Microtus middendorffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,middendorffii,,,,,"Poljakov, 1881",This taxon is sometimes considered to include M. hyperboreus (Pavlinov et al. 2002). 13445,Microtus mongolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,mongolicus,,,,,"(Radde, 1861)", 13446,Microtus montebelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,montebelli,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1872)", 13447,Microtus mujanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,mujanensis,,,,,"Orlov & Kovalskaya, 1978",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13448,Microtus nasarovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,nasarovi,,,,,"(Shidlovsky, 1938)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 13451,Microtus oeconomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,oeconomus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)",Small isolated subpopulations are considered separate subspecies (e.g. Netherlands and the Pannonian population). 13452,Microtus pennsylvanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,pennsylvanicus,,,,,"(Ord, 1815)","Includes M. nesophilus and M. provectus, island populations that previously were regarded as distinct species (see Modi 1986; Musser and Carleton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005). Microtus breweri from Muskeget Island, Massachusetts, sometimes has been included in this species but is here considered distinct; see Moyer et al. (1988) for recent study of relationships between these two taxa. Microtus pennsylvanicus has been proposed as conspecific with Old World M. agrestis, but chromosome differences support their recognition as distinct species (see Musser and Carleton 2005)." 13458,Microtus socialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,socialis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","Six or seven subspecies are recognized, some of those have isolated ranges and their taxonomic status might need revision." 13487,Microtus townsendii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,townsendii,,,,,"(Bachman, 1839)", 13522,Millardia gleadowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Millardia,gleadowi,,,,,"(Murray, 1886)", 13525,Millardia meltada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Millardia,meltada,,,,,"(Gray, 1837)", 13603,Mogera tokudae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Mogera,tokudae,,,,,"Kuroda, 1940","Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi (1991) named the Honshu population as a separate species, Mogera etigo, but Abe (1995, 1996) ascribed the differences between the Sado and Honshu population to geographical size variation. However, considerable genetic (Tsuchiya et al., 2000) and karyological differences exist (Kawada et al. 2001) and hence they are both recognised here." 13953,Mus booduga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,booduga,,,,,"(Gray, 1837)","The population in central Myanmar is genetically distinct from Mus booduga of South Asia, and probably represents a new distinct species, Mus lepidoides (K. Aplin pers. comm.). There is some confusion with the distribution as it is often confused with Mus terricolor (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 13954,Mus bufo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,bufo,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)","Further taxonomic studies are needed to resolve the status of the Lake Kivu taxon, which may be a different species." 13956,Mus caroli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,caroli,,,,,"Bonhote, 1902",A small isolated population in central Myanmar is probably a distinct species (Musser and Carleton 2005). 13958,Mus cookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,cookii,,,,,"Ryley, 1914","This is likely to be a species complex (Musser and Carleton 2005). While Mus nagarum (from northeastern India) is considered a synonym of Mus cookii (Musser and Carleton 2005), and it is genetically very similar, it shows many morphological differences from the disjunct population in southeast Asia (K. Aplin pers. comm.)." 13959,Mus crociduroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,crociduroides,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1916", 13962,Mus goundae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,goundae,,,,,"F. Petter & Genest, 1970", 13964,Mus indutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,indutus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)","Recent phylogenetic analyses support the classification of Mus indutus as a discrete monophyletic species of the subgenus Nannomys (Lamb et al. 2014). Four subspecies of Mus indutus were previously described by Meester et al. (1986), these included M. i. indutus, with a range extending across the Northern Cape into Botswana and western Zimbabwe; M. i. valschensis (Roberts 1926) from the Free State; M. i. pretoriae (Roberts 1926), which is distributed across the Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng and North West provinces; and finally M. i. sybilla (Thomas 1918) from Damaraland in Namibia north into Angola. However, more recently, sybilla has been reclassified as the distinct species Mus sybilla (Crawford-Cabral 1998; Lamb et al. 2014)." 13966,Mus macedonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,macedonicus,,,,,"Petrov & Ruzic, 1983", 13967,Mus mahomet,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,mahomet,,,,,"Rhoads, 1896", 13970,Mus minutoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,minutoides,,,,,"Smith, 1834","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain (see Monadjem 2013). Although previously considered a species complex with Mus musculoides, molecular markers and chromosomal data unambiguously discriminate M. musculoides from Mus minutoides (Veyrunes et al. 2004, 2005). However, they are closely related phylogenetically, i.e., sister species. Phylogeographical surveys using mitochondrial sequences (Cytb) have uncovered four distinctive clades throughout sub-Saharan Africa (but possibly more, see Bryja et al. 2014): West Africa, western Central Africa, East Africa and southern Africa. The latter two clades occur within the assessment region where they can be further subdivided into chromosomal groups. Pygmy Mice from the East African clade have a diploid number of 33 < 2n < 35, while the southern African clade harbours two subclades: one with 2n = 34 and the other 2n = 18. The 2n = 18 subclade is endemic to South Africa (Veyrunes et al. 2004, 2005, 2010, 2014; Kouassi et al. 2008; Mboumba et al. 2011; McDonough et al. 2013; Chevret et al. 2014; Lamb et al. 2014)." 13975,Mus oubanguii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,oubanguii,,,,,"F. Petter & Genest, 1970", 13976,Mus pahari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,pahari,,,,,"Thomas, 1916",This is a complex of multiple taxa (D. Lunde and K. Aplin pers. comm.). 13977,Mus phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,phillipsi,,,,,"Wroughton, 1912","This species belongs to subgenus Pyromys Thomas, 1911. Ellerman (1961) treated it as a subspecies of Mus cervicolor Hodgson, 1845. Marshall (1977) restored it to specific level as earlier. Abe (1977) reports its occurrence in Nepal, but lists it as Mus cervicolor phillipsi (Wroughton, 1912)." 13979,Mus saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,saxicola,,,,,"Elliot, 1839","This species belongs to subgenus Pyromys Thomas, 1911. Ellerman (1961) included the forms under Mus platythrix Bennett, 1832. See comments under Mus platythrix Bennett, 1832. Agrawal (2000) listed three subspecies, namely Mus saxicola saxicola Elliot, 1839, Mus saxicola sadhu (Wroughton, 1911), and Mus saxicola gurkha (Thomas, 1914)" 13981,Mus setzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,setzeri,,,,,"F. Petter, 1978", 13982,Mus shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,shortridgei,,,,,"Thomas, 1914", 13986,Mus tenellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,tenellus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)", 13987,Mus terricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,terricolor,,,,,"Blyth, 1851", 13988,Mus triton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,triton,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)", 13989,Mus vulcani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,vulcani,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1919)", 14104,Myopus schisticolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myopus,schisticolor,,,,,"(Lilljeborg, 1844)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14105,Myosciurus pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Myosciurus,pumilio,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1857)", 14107,Myosorex geata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,geata,,,,,"(Allen & Loveridge, 1927)", 14110,Myosorex schalleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,schalleri,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1966", 14112,Myosorex okuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,okuensis,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968", 14113,Myosorex rumpii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,rumpii,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968", 14116,Myospalax aspalax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Myospalax,aspalax,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 14118,Eospalax fontanierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Eospalax,fontanierii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)",This species was previously included in Myospalax (Smith and Xie 2008). 14120,Myospalax psilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Myospalax,psilurus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1874)", 14121,Eospalax rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Eospalax,rothschildi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",This species was previously included in Myospalax (Smith and Xie 2008). 14122,Eospalax smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Eospalax,smithii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)",This species was formerly included in Myospalax (Smith and Xie 2008). 14139,Myotis aelleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,aelleni,,,,,"Baud, 1979",May not be distinct from chiloensis. 14156,Myotis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,elegans,,,,,"Hall, 1962", 14174,Myotis levis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,levis,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1824)",Apparently closely related to nigricans. 14325,Nannosciurus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Nannosciurus,melanotis,,,,,"(Müller, 1840)", 14388,Neacomys spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,spinosus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1882)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14473,Nectomys palmipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nectomys,palmipes,,,,,"J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1893",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14474,Nectomys rattus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nectomys,rattus,,,,,"(Pelzen, 1883)", 14475,Nectomys squamipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nectomys,squamipes,,,,,"(Brants, 1827)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14560,Neopteryx frosti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Neopteryx,frosti,,,,,"Hayman, 1946", 14582,Neotoma albigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,albigula,,,,,"Hartley, 1894",Populations east of the Rio Grande and Rio Conchos are now considered to be part of N. leucodon (Edwards et al. 2001). N. varia treated here as being conspecific. 14588,Neotoma goldmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,goldmani,,,,,"Merriam, 1903",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14590,Neotoma mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,mexicana,,,,,"Baird, 1855",This taxon may encompass three sibling species (Edwards and Bradley 2001). 14591,Neotoma micropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,micropus,,,,,"Baird, 1855",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14661,Nesokia indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Nesokia,indica,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 14814,Niviventer confucianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,confucianus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1871)","This species is sometimes included in N. niviventer, but that allocation is not supported by present evidence (see Musser and Carleton 2005). Specimens reported from Hainan are actually N. tenaster, and those from Taiwan are N. culturatus, which in the past was treated as a subspecies of N. confucianus (Smith and Xie 2008). There exists considerable geographic variation between populations of N. confucianus but the significance of this is still difficult to determine (Smith and Xie 2008). Deng et al. (2000) recognized ten subspecies, but one of these (lotipes) represents N. tenaster and another, culturatus, is now recognized as a valid species (Musser and Carleton 2005). Wang (2003) recognized eight subspecies from China, but the status of these needs to be reassessed, and Musser and Carleton (2005) consider them synonyms." 14820,Niviventer fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,fulvescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1847)","This is probably a species complex (G. Musser, D. Lunde and K. Aplin pers. comm.)." 14821,Niviventer hinpoon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,hinpoon,,,,,"(J.T. Marshall Jr., 1976)", 14822,Niviventer langbianis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,langbianis,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1922)","Niviventer langbianis was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Niviventer cremoriventer (Marshall 1977), but was shown to be a distinct species by Musser (1981)." 14854,Notiomys edwardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Notiomys,edwardsii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1890)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 14869,Notomys mitchellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Notomys,mitchellii,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1838)", 14999,Nyctomys sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nyctomys,sumichrasti,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15087,Octodon bridgesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,OCTODONTIDAE,Octodon,bridgesi,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1845", 15131,Oecomys bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,bicolor,,,,,"(Tomes, 1860)",This taxon needs taxonomic revision because it may contain several species. 15138,Oecomys rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,rex,,,,,"Thomas, 1910",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15139,Oecomys roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,roberti,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15140,Oecomys rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,rutilus,,,,,"Anthony, 1921", 15141,Oecomys speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,speciosus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1893)",A lot of taxonomic confusion with other species. 15142,Oecomys superans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,superans,,,,,"Thomas, 1911",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15164,Oenomys hypoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Oenomys,hypoxanthus,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1855)", 15239,Oxyurichthys keiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,keiensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1938)",This species has been reassigned to the genus Oxyurichthys (Pezold and Larson 2015). 15241,Oligoryzomys andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,andinus,,,,,"(Osgood, 1914)",This is a species complex that needs further taxonomic study (H. Zeballos pers. comm.). 15243,Oligoryzomys chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,chacoensis,,,,,"(Myers & Carleton, 1981)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15245,Oligoryzomys destructor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,destructor,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","Musser and Carleton (2005) state that distributional limits, validity of included synonyms, and relationships to other Andean species all require detailed investigation. In Argentina further taxonomical research is needed." 15246,Oligoryzomys eliurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,eliurus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1845)","Was in the Red List Oryzomys utiaritensis. The above was treated as a synonym by Musser & Carleton in Wilson and Reeder (1993).

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 15247,Oligoryzomys flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,flavescens,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15248,Oligoryzomys fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,fulvescens,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)",The species is in need of revision; it is likely a species complex (M. Weksler pers. comm.). 15250,Oligoryzomys longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1832)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15252,Oligoryzomys microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,microtis,,,,,"(Allen, 1916)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15337,Onychomys arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Onychomys,arenicola,,,,,"Mearns, 1896",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15338,Onychomys leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Onychomys,leucogaster,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1841)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15339,Onychomys torridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Onychomys,torridus,,,,,"(Coues, 1874)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15549,Orthogeomys hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Orthogeomys,hispidus,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1852)", 15584,Nephelomys albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nephelomys,albigularis,,,,,"(Tomes, 1860)","Following Weksler et al. (2006) Oryzomys albigularis has been reassigned to the new genus Nephelomys. The species definition used for the assessment is from Musser and Carleton (2005), but N. albigularis is a complex and is likely to be split into many species, each with a restricted range (Percequillo in prep.)." 15585,Handleyomys alfaroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,alfaroi,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1891)","Pending revisionary work, Oryzomys alfaroi has been provisionally reassigned to the new genus Handleyomys (Weksler et al. 2006). A taxonomic review by M. Carleton and G. Musser is in progress (M. Weksler pers. comm.)." 15592,Oryzomys couesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oryzomys,couesi,,,,,"(Alston, 1877)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15605,Euryoryzomys macconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euryoryzomys,macconnelli,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). Probably includes a complex species (Patton pers. comm.). 15607,Euryoryzomys nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euryoryzomys,nitidus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1884)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 15612,Handleyomys rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Handleyomys,rostratus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1901)","Pending revisionary work, Oryzomys rostratus has been provisionally reassigned to the new genus Handleyomys (Weksler et al. 2006)." 15614,Cerradomys subflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Cerradomys,subflavus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006) and probably includes a species complex. 15616,Aegialomys xanthaeolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Aegialomys,xanthaeolus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This is possibly a species complex. 15617,Hylaeamys yunganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hylaeamys,yunganus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). Probably includes a species complex. 15652,Otomys angoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,angoniensis,,,,,"Wroughton, 1906","Unpublished molecular data show that East and southern African Otomys angoniensis may be distinct species (Monadjem et al. 2015). While O. a. maximus has been regarded as a separate species, it is provisionally included in O. angoniensis due to mitochondrial DNA similarity (S. Maree unpubl. data) and morphometric overlap (Bronner & Meester 1988). Three subspecies are recognised (Taylor 2013)." 15664,Otonyctomys hatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Otonyctomys,hatti,,,,,"Anthony, 1932",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15666,Ototylomys phyllotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ototylomys,phyllotis,,,,,"Merriam, 1901",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15783,Oxymycterus angularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,angularis,,,,,"Thomas, 1909",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15784,Oxymycterus delator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,delator,,,,,"Thomas, 1903",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15785,Oxymycterus hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,hispidus,,,,,"Pictet, 1843",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15787,Brucepattersonius iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Brucepattersonius,iheringi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)","This species has been assigned various generic associations; ncluded in Microxus or Akodon (Cabrera 1961, Ellerman 1941, Gyldenstolpe 1932, Moojen 1952); reallocated to Oxymycterus by Massoia (1963) and thereafter classified (Musser and Carleton 1993); recently assigned to the new genus Brucepattersonius by Hershkovitz (1998) - the Argentinian populations are doubted to belong to this species Hershkovitz (1998). An allocation supported by Bonvicino et al. (1998) and Mares and Braun (2000)." 15789,Oxymycterus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,nasutus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15791,Oxymycterus roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,roberti,,,,,"Thomas, 1901",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15792,Oxymycterus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,rufus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1814)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 15917,Palawanomys furvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Palawanomys,furvus,,,,,"Musser & Newcomb, 1983", 15951,Panthera leo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Panthera,leo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The latest published phylogeographical study of Lions shows that the traditional split between Asian and African Lions as distinct subspecies is untenable (Barnett et al. 2014). Based on these results, the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group has provisionally proposed a different split into two subspecies, P. l. leo of Asia and West, Central and North Africa; and P. l. melanochaita from South and East Africa, with several regional management units identified as well (Haas et al. 2005; Bertola et al. 2011, 2015; Bauer et al. 2015)." 16025,Cratogeomys castanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Cratogeomys,castanops,,,,,"(Baird, 1852)", 16042,Paracrocidura graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Paracrocidura,graueri,,,,,"Hutterer, 1986","One specimen, never collected again. Certainly a distinct species. There have been no surveys in the area since the early 1900s." 16074,Paradipus ctenodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Paradipus,ctenodactylus,,,,,"(Vinogradov, 1929)", 16122,Paraleptomys wilhelmina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paraleptomys,wilhelmina,,,,,"Tate & Archbold, 1941","Paraleptomys wilhelmina is a species complex and further taxonomic studies are needed. The three known populations are considered to represent three separate, undescribed species (K. Helgen pers. comm.)." 16203,Paraxerus alexandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,alexandri,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1907)", 16204,Paraxerus boehmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,boehmi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1886)","The form P. b. vulcanorum has been regarded as a separate species by some authorities (e.g., Schouteden 1946)." 16205,Paraxerus cepapi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,cepapi,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1836)","Nine subspecies are currently recognised (Meester et al. 1986), differentiated on body size and pelage colour, but their phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood (Monadjem et al. 2015). Only the nominate P. c. cepapi occurs within the assessment region and it further occurs also in southern Mozambique, Zimbabwe and southeastern Botswana. Molecular research is needed to resolve the taxonomy." 16207,Paraxerus flavovittis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,flavovittis,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)", 16208,Paraxerus lucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,lucifer,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)", 16209,Paraxerus ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,ochraceus,,,,,"(Huet, 1880)", 16210,Paraxerus palliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,palliatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","This species is in urgent need of revision as there are large amounts of variation in size and pelage between isolated populations, and at least seven subspecies are currently recognised, some of which may represent valid species (Monadjem et al. 2015). While Meester et al. (1986) listed six subspecies from sub-Saharan Africa, including P. p. ornatus (Gray 1864) from Ngoye Forest and P. p. tongensis (Roberts, 1931) from Manguzi Forest in KwaZulu-Natal, it is unclear whether these taxa have distinct phenotypes or genotypes (Mugo et al. 1995). Similarly, Thorington Jr. et al. (2012) listed seven subspecies of P. palliatus but only listed P. p. ornatus as occurring in South Africa (Ngoye Forest, Eshowe District, Zululand). While Viljoen (Viljoen 1980, 1989) suggested a rise to species status for both taxa, which was taken up by Friedmann and Daly (2004), this has not been corroborated by molecular or morphometric research. Thus, given the confusion around the taxonomy due to the lack of genetic evidence and the species’ propensity for varied morphology, we assess at the species level, but recognise that P. p. ornatus is a distinct form that distinguishes it from the rest of its African range." 16211,Paraxerus poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,poensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1830)", 16212,Paraxerus vincenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Paraxerus,vincenti,,,,,"Hayman, 1950",In P. vexillarius? 16270,Parotomys brantsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Parotomys,brantsii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1834)","Molecular data suggest that Parotomys should be synonymised with Otomys (Taylor et al. 2011, 2014), but the genera are recognised as distinct pending a final phylogenetic analysis of species relationships within the Otomyinae (Monadjem et al. 2015). This species is similar to P. littledalei, but distinguishable, both by its dental morphology (grooved upper incisors) and by its whistle frequency and length (Le Roux et al. 2002; Monadjem et al. 2015)." 16271,Parotomys littledalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Parotomys,littledalei,,,,,"Thomas, 1918","Molecular data suggest that Parotomys should be synonymised with Otomys (Taylor et al. 2011, 2014), but the genera are recognised as distinct pending a final phylogenetic analysis of species relationships within the Otomyinae (Monadjem et al. 2015). This species is similar to P. brantsii but distinguishable, both through dental morphology (un-grooved upper incisors) and whistle frequency and length (Le Roux et al. 2002; Monadjem et al. 2015)." 16375,Paruromys dominator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paruromys,dominator,,,,,"Thomas, 1921", 16426,Paulamys naso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Paulamys,naso,,,,,"(Musser, 1981)","This species was originally described from subfossil fragments (Musser 1981, Musser et al. 1986), but an extant specimen collected in tropical rainforest at 1,600 m from south central Flores was referred to this species by Kitchener et al. (1991), who suggested it is closely related to Sulawesian Bunomys." 16458,Pectinator spekei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENODACTYLIDAE,Pectinator,spekei,,,,,"Blyth, 1856", 16467,Pedetes capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,PEDETIDAE,Pedetes,capensis,,,,,"(Forster, 1778)","This species has not undergone any taxonomic changes since the 2004 assessment (Friedmann & Daly 2004) but the following key points are worth noting:
  1. The Pedetidae exhibit both hystricomorphous (porcupine-like) and sciurognathous (rat-like) characters but phylogenetic analyses supports the grouping of the Pedetidae with the Sciurognathi (Matthee & Robinson 1997a).

  3. For a long time the genus Pedetes was thought to be represented by a single species, Pedetes capensis (Misonne 1972; de Graaf 1981; Meester et al. 1986; Dieterlin 1993), but it is now accepted (Skinner & Chimimba 2005) that there are two distinct species in this genus, P. surdaster from Kenya and Tanzania, and P. capensis from southern Africa. The recognition of the two species is based on phenotypical (Davies 1982), behavioural (Butynski 1978; Anderson 1996), placental (Otiang’a-Owiti et al. 1992), phylogeographical and cytogenetical differences between these species (Matthee & Robinson 1997b).

  5. Currently no subspecies of P. capensis are recognised within the assessment region (Meester et al. 1986; Skinner & Chimimba 2005).
" 16474,Pegasus lancifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,PEGASIDAE,Pegasus,lancifer,,,,,"Kaup, 1861", 16476,Pegasus volitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,PEGASIDAE,Pegasus,volitans,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Osterhage et al. (2016) have described a new species of seamoth (Pegasus tetrabelos) that is sympatric with P. volitans in the Torres Strait and Great Barrier Reef. They also designated a lectotype for P. volitans. 16508,Pelomys campanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pelomys,campanae,,,,,"(Huet, 1888)", 16509,Pelomys fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pelomys,fallax,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)", 16510,Pelomys minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pelomys,minor,,,,,"Cabrera & Ruxton, 1926", 16634,Perognathus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,flavescens,,,,,"Merriam, 1889", 16635,Perognathus flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,flavus,,,,,"Baird, 1855", 16636,Perognathus longimembris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,longimembris,,,,,"(Coues, 1875)", 16637,Perognathus merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,merriami,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1892", 16652,Peromyscus boylii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,boylii,,,,,"(Baird, 1855)","The population of Esteban Island, in the Sea of Cortez, has been considered as a different species P. stephanisis." 16656,Peromyscus crinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,crinitus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1891)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16658,Peromyscus difficilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,difficilis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1891)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16663,Peromyscus gratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,gratus,,,,,"Merriam, 1898","Previously considered a subspecies of P. truei, but considered genetically distinct (Ceballos-G and Galinda-L 1984)." 16669,Peromyscus leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,leucopus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16670,Peromyscus levipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,levipes,,,,,"Merriam, 1898",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16674,Peromyscus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,megalops,,,,,"Merriam, 1898", 16677,Peromyscus melanophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,melanophrys,,,,,"(Coues, 1874)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16678,Peromyscus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,melanotis,,,,,"J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1897","Taxonomic placement of Arizona populations uncertain. Hoffmeister (1986) assigned them to P. maniculatus, but they appear as P. melanotis in Musser and Carleton (1993, 2005)." 16680,Peromyscus merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,merriami,,,,,"Mearns, 1896",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16682,Peromyscus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,nasutus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1891)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16684,Peromyscus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,pectoralis,,,,,"Osgood, 1904",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 16691,Peromyscus spicilegus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,spicilegus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1897","Synonym = P. boylii.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 16694,Peromyscus truei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,truei,,,,,"(Shufeldt, 1885)","Peromyscys truei includes the Texas Panhandle population, which was previously regarded as a distinct species P. comanche. See Carleton (1989), Janecek (1990), and DeWalt et al. (1993) for evidence supporting conspecificity of comanche and truei.

Previously considered a subspecies, gratus is now regarded as a distinct species (including former truei subspecies gentilis, erasmus, zapotecae, and part of truei) (see Modi and Lee 1984). Peromyscus gratus differs in chromosome number and is sympatric with P. truei in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, though the area of sympatry is not fully known (see map in Carleton 1989). Genetic data support the recognition of P. gratus as a species distinct from P. truei (Janecek 1990)." 16715,Petaurillus hosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurillus,hosei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)", 16716,Petaurillus kinlochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurillus,kinlochii,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1911)",Corbet and Hill (1992) included this form in P. hosei. 16718,Petaurista alborufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,alborufus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1870)",Oshida et al. (2000) suggests that Petaurista alborufus lena (Taiwanese form) may warrant taxonomic distinction based on karyological differences from mainland forms. Chinese Petaurista from Qinghai and Gansu attributed to alborufus probably represent P. xanthotis (Smith and Xie 2008). 16720,Petaurista leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,leucogenys,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)","There are four recognized subspecies: Petaurista leucogenys hintoni Mori, 1923, P. l. leucogenys (Temminck, 1827), P. l. nikkonis Thomas, 1905, and P. l. oreas Thomas, 1905 (Thorington and Hoffmann 2005). It formerly included P. xanthotis (Corbet and Hill 1992)." 16723,Petaurista petaurista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,petaurista,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","

Petaurista petaurista possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. Until Corbet and Hill (1992) the forms here treated as Indian Giant Flying Squirrel P. philippensis were almost universally treated as conspecific with P. petaurista (e.g. Lekagul and McNeely 1977); where sympatric with P. petaurista sensu stricto (e.g. in Thailand) this sometimes resulted in the local forms of P. petaurista sensu stricto being considered part of P. alborufus (in, e.g., Lekagul and McNeely 1977). Great care is therefore needed in taking information from the non-Sundaic part of Petaurista range attributed to this species, as truly referring to it.

" 16725,Petaurista xanthotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,xanthotis,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1872)","This species was previously included in Petaurista leucogenys, see discussion in Corbet and Hill (1992)." 16735,Petinomys genibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,genibarbis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1822)", 16740,Petinomys vordermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petinomys,vordermanni,,,,,"(Jentink, 1890)","McKenna (1962) considered vordermanni representative of an undescribed genus, but Muul and Thonglongya (1971) and Hill (1961) retained it in Petinomys." 16778,Petromyscus collinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Petromyscus,collinus,,,,,"(Thomas & Hinton, 1925)","Originally, three subspecies of Petromyscus collinus were listed by Meerster et al. (1986). However, more recently Monadjem et al. (2015) considered the taxon barbouri (previously P. c. barbouri) and shortridgei (previously P. c. shortridgei) distinct species. Although P. collinus occurs sympatrically with P. barbouri and P. monticularis in the assessment region, the Pygmy Rock Mouse can be distinguished by its longer, uniformly coloured tail, larger skull, and three pairs of nipples, as opposed to two in P. barbouri (Monadjem et al. 2015). Phylogenetic analyses are required in order to confirm the taxonomic status of these species." 16779,Petromyscus monticularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Petromyscus,monticularis,,,,,"(Thomas & Hinton, 1925)","The taxonomic status of this genus has been historically controversial, however, most recently Petromyscus was listed under the family Nesomyidae, along with its closest relatives Mystromys and Delanymys (Schenk et al. 2013). The phylogenetic relationships between each species of this genus are currently unknown, thus urgent molecular analysis and revision of the Petromyscus genus is needed. Within the assessment region P. monticularis occurs sympatrically with P. collinus, from which the Brukkaros Pygmy Rock Mouse can be distinguished by its shorter tail (slightly less than its combined head and body length) and smaller ears (less than 13 mm) (Monadjem et al. 2015). Currently, there are no recognised subspecies of P. monticularis (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 17035,Phodopus campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phodopus,campbelli,,,,,"(Thomas, 1905)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 17036,Phodopus roborovskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phodopus,roborovskii,,,,,"(Satunin, 1903)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 17037,Phodopus sungorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phodopus,sungorus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 17220,Phyllotis amicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,amicus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1900)","Generic synonyms = Galenomys; Paralomys.

Will be transferred to family Cricetidae." 17221,Phyllotis andium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,andium,,,,,"Thomas, 1912",This is a species complex that needs further taxonomic study (H. Zeballos pers. comm.). 17227,Phyllotis haggardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,haggardi,,,,,"Thomas, 1908","This species is monotypic (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 17228,Phyllotis magister,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,magister,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","This species needs further taxonomic revision (H. Zeballos pers. comm). This species is monotypic (Steppan and Ramirez 2015)." 17231,Phyllotis wolffsohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,wolffsohni,,,,,"Thomas, 1902",The generic placement of this species needs to be reviewed. It is likely a species complex (N. Bernal pers. comm.). 17400,Pithecheir melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pithecheir,melanurus,,,,,"Lesson, 1840","Pithecheir melanurus is represented by few specimens collected before World War II. Bartels’ (1937) observations on habitat and habits remain the most complete report of this Javan endemic, which is a member of the suite of murine rodents unique to Java (Musser 1986)." 17401,Pithecheir parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pithecheir,parvus,,,,,"Kloss, 1916","Originally described as a subspecies of P. melanurus, but parvus is a distinctive species endemic to the Malay Peninsula (Musser and Newcomb 1983, Muul and Lim 1971)." 17481,Platacanthomys lasiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,PLATACANTHOMYIDAE,Platacanthomys,lasiurus,,,,,"Blyth, 1859",This species is likely to be transferred to family Platacanthomyidae. 17566,Platyrrhinus aurarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,aurarius,,,,,"(Handley & Ferris, 1972)", 17882,Pogonomys championi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomys,championi,,,,,"Flannery, 1988",This species may be conspecific with Pogonomys sylvestris. 17883,Pogonomys loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomys,loriae,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","This may be a species complex, containing both widespread and small ranging taxa." 17884,Pogonomys macrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomys,macrourus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1877)",This is probably a species complex. Populations in Australia were excluded from this species by Musser and Carleton (2005). They are included here provisionally until further taxonomic work on the genus is done. 17885,Pogonomys sylvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pogonomys,sylvestris,,,,,"Thomas, 1920","The two western-most populations of animals currently allocated to Pogonomys sylvestris are likely to represent two separate, undescribed species." 18113,Praomys hartwigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,hartwigi,,,,,"Eisentraut, 1968",A taxonomic revision resulted in this species being split into Praomys hartwigi (endemic to Cameroon) and P. obscurus (endemic to Nigeria) (E. van der Straeten pers. comm. 2002). 18115,Praomys jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,jacksoni,,,,,"(de Winton, 1897)",The identity of Praomys jacksoni is currently unclear as the type collection is of a young animal and the skull is in bad condition (E. van der Straeten pers. comm.). 18118,Praomys morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,morio,,,,,"(Trouessart, 1881)", 18145,Priolepis robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,robinsi,,,,,"Garzón-Ferreira & Acero P., 1991", 18231,Procapra picticaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Procapra,picticaudata,,,,,"Hodgson, 1846",Tibetan Gazelle is a monotypic species without subspecies based on morphology. 18232,Procapra gutturosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Procapra,gutturosa,,,,,"(Pallas, 1777)",Procapra gutturosa has not given rise to distinct geographic races. Specimens from the Mongolian Altai are indistinguishable from those of eastern Mongolia and hence the subspecies P. g. altaica described from Bayan-Tsagan-Gobi is not accepted (Sokolov and Lushchekina 1997). 18386,Protoxerus stangeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Protoxerus,stangeri,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1842)",The forms occurring west and east of the Dahomey Gap may represent separate species (P. Grubb pers. comm.). 18418,Psammomys obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Psammomys,obesus,,,,,"Cretzschmar, 1828", 18554,Pseudomys oralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,oralis,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","

No subspecies are recognised. Genetic analyses using mitochondrial DNA have shown that there are seven subpopulations and that each of the subpopulations is genetically isolated and distinct (Jerry et al. 1998, cited in DECC 2005). However, these subpopulations are not distinct subspecies.

" 18557,Pseudomys shortridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,shortridgei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1907)",

Cooper et al. (2003) reported that there is only limited genetic difference between extant subpopulations from south-eastern and south-western Australia. However a subsequent study using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA identified differences and proposed that the species comprises two highly-divergent lineages either side of the Nullarbor Plain that should be defined as separate Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) (Salinas et al. 2009). No subspecies are recognised.

18558,Pseudomys albocinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,albocinereus,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)",Generic synonyms = Gyomys; Thetomys. 18561,Pseudomys delicatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,delicatulus,,,,,"(Gould, 1842)","Recent taxonomic work indicates that Pseudomys delicatulus includes at least three closely related taxa (F. Ford and K. Aplin pers. comm.). The Queensland and Northern Territory forms are probably not full species, but they are at least allopatric subspecies, however the western populations are very likely to represent a separate species (Ford 2008, F. Ford pers. comm.).

P. pilligaensis is treated as a separate species following Musser and Carleton (2005), but it might be best considered a population of P. delicatulus that shows evidence of past hybridization with P. novaehollandiae (F. Ford pers. comm.). The taxonomic status of P. pilligaensis is disputed." 18562,Pseudomys desertor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,desertor,,,,,"Troughton, 1932", 18566,Pseudomys hermannsburgensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,hermannsburgensis,,,,,"(Waite, 1896)", 18568,Pseudomys johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,johnsoni,,,,,"Kitchener, 1985","We treat Pseudomys laborifex as a synonym of P. johnsoni. P. laborifex was first described in 1986 as a separate species and was listed as such by Musser and Carleton (2005). However, genetic work shows the two taxa to be very closely aligned (e.g., Ford 2006) – to the point that recent authors have tended to consider them a single species under P. johnsoni (e.g., Ford and Johnson 2007, Kerle and Ford 2008)." 18570,Pseudomys nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,nanus,,,,,"(Gould, 1858)", 18571,Pseudomys patrius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,patrius,,,,,"(Thomas & Dollman, 1909)",This species has been treated previously as a synonym of Pseudomys delicatulus. 18598,Pseudoryzomys simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Pseudoryzomys,simplex,,,,,"(Winge, 1887)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 18702,Pteromys volans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Pteromys,volans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 18709,Pteronotus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MORMOOPIDAE,Pteronotus,personatus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)","Might include more than one species (Davalos 2006). The species is under taxonomic review and will be split into two species at Panama, the southern population is P. personatus (L. Davalos pers. comm.). Often placed in the subgenus Chilonycteris (e.g., Smith 1972, Simmons and Conway 2001), but recent molecular studies suggest that it represents an unnamed subgenus (Lewis-Oritt et al. 2001, Van Den Bussche and Weyandt 2003)." 18745,Pteropus ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,ocularis,,,,,"Peters, 1867", 18942,Pygeretmus platyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Pygeretmus,platyurus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)",Synonym = P. vinogradovi. 18943,Pygeretmus pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Pygeretmus,pumilio,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 19319,Rattus tawitawiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,tawitawiensis,,,,,"Musser & Heaney, 1985",This is certainly a valid species (L. Heaney pers. comm). 19322,Rattus argentiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,argentiventer,,,,,"(Robinson & Kloss, 1916)", 19324,Rattus bontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,bontanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","Sody (1941) questionably included this species in Taeromys, Laurie and Hill (1954) and Musser (1984) treated it as a subspecies of R. xanthurus, but Musser and Holden (1991) contended that it is a distinct species most closely related to R. foramineus, which occurs in coastal lowlands of the southern end of the south west peninsula of Sulawesi and is represented only by four modern specimens (Sody 1941) and subfossil fragments from a few localities (Musser 1984; Musser and Holden 1991)." 19328,Rattus enganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,enganus,,,,,"(Miller, 1906)",The holotype of R. enganus is morphologically distinctive (Musser and Carleton 2005). 19329,Rattus everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,everetti,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)", 19330,Rattus exulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,exulans,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 19333,Rattus fuscipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,fuscipes,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)",The four currently recognized subspecies are genetically quite distinct from each other (K. Aplin pers. comm.). 19334,Rattus hainaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,hainaldi,,,,,"Kitchener, How & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991", 19336,Rattus hoogerwerfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,hoogerwerfi,,,,,"Chasen, 1939", 19340,Rattus leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,leucopus,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)", 19341,Rattus losea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,losea,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1871)","Based on genetic analyses, true R. losea is probably only distributed in Cambodia, Viet Nam and south eastern China and Taiwan, with other distribution records corresponding to other taxa (K. Aplin pers. comm.)." 19342,Rattus lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,lugens,,,,,"(Miller, 1903)","Chasen (1940) listed lugens and mentawai each as a subspecies of R. rattus, but the Mentawai endemic is a morphologically distinctive species most closely related to R. adustus from Enggano island and R. simalurensis from the adjacent Simalur Archipelago, and both those two species along with R. lugens appear to be morphologically related to the R. tiomanicus complex (Musser 1986, Musser and Califia 1982, Musser and Heaney 1985)." 19343,Rattus lutreolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,lutreolus,,,,,"(J.E. Gray, 1841)","The Atherton Tableland populations were described as Rattus lacus, and is likely a distinct species from R. lutreolus (based on morphology; K. Aplin pers. comm.), although there has been no genetic assessment of the status of these populations." 19352,Rattus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,nitidus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)",Rattus nitidus possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 19356,Rattus palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,palmarum,,,,,"(Zelebor, 1869)","Corbet and Hill (1992), Musser and Carleton (1993) and Agrawal (2000) following Musser and Heaney (1985), and Musser and Newcomb (1983) remark that it is most closely related to Rattus tiomanicus (Miller, 1900). It is known from only very few specimens in the original series" 19357,Rattus pelurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,pelurus,,,,,"Sody, 1941","Originally described by Sody as a subspecies of R. foramineus, but provisionally treated as an insular population of R. xanthurus by Musser (1984), and finally reviewed as a distinctive species by Musser and Holden (1991), who also placed it in the R. xanthurus group." 19358,Rattus praetor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,praetor,,,,,"(Thomas, 1888)","Taxonomic study is needed to resolve whether or not there is more than one species, or if it simply has a wider distribution than is currently recognized." 19359,Rattus ranjiniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,ranjiniae,,,,,"Agrawal & Ghosal, 1969","Corbet and Hill (1992) opined that its inclusion as a member of subgenus Rattus Fischer, 1803 is open to question. This distinctive species is known from very few specimens" 19361,Rattus andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,andamanensis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","This species was previously listed as Rattus sikkimensis or R. remotus, but R. andamanensis has priority over both (see Musser and Carleton 2005)." 19362,Rattus simalurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,simalurensis,,,,,"(Miller, 1903)","The form simalurensis and its two synonyms were each listed as a separate subspecies of R. rattus by Chasen (1940), but simalurensis is distinct from R. rattus and in morphology represents larger-bodied island variants of R. tiomanicus (Musser 1986, Musser and Califia 1982, Musser and Heaney 1985); simalurensis, babi, and lasiae were included in R. tiomanicus by Corbet and Hill (1992)." 19363,Rattus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,sordidus,,,,,"(Gould, 1858)",Rattus sordidus may be a species complex. 19365,Rattus stoicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,stoicus,,,,,"(Miller, 1902)","Ellerman (1961) opined that stoicus “possibly represents Rattus palmarum; possibly as a member of the sabanus group, or perhaps a representative of the mulleri group”. Musser and Heaney (1985) redescribed this species. Corbet and Hill (1992) and Agrawal (2000) consider it as a distinct species." 19366,Rattus tanezumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,tanezumi,,,,,"Temminck, 1844",Rattus tanezumi likely represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 19369,Rattus tunneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,tunneyi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 19370,Rattus pyctoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,pyctoris,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1845)","Formerly listed as Rattus turkestanicus or R. rattoides, but R. pyctoris has priority over both names (Musser and Carleton 2005). The use of celsus by Allen also represents this species (Allen 1926, 1940)." 19371,Rattus villosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,villosissimus,,,,,"(Waite, 1898)", 19372,Rattus xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,xanthurus,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)",This is a species complex (G. Musser pers. comm.). 19399,Reithrodon auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodon,auritus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1814)",It is possibly a species complex and needs taxonomic review. 19407,Reithrodontomys fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,fulvescens,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1894","Patterns of genetic variation suggest that this species as currently defined may be represented by more than one species; further study is warranted (see Musser and Carleton 2005). For a phylogenetic analysis of Reithrodontomys species based on mitochondrial DNA, see Bell et al. (2001)." 19408,Reithrodontomys gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,gracilis,,,,,"J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1897",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19410,Reithrodontomys megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,megalotis,,,,,"(Baird, 1857)",Differences in chromosome numbers among populations suggest that two or more sibling species may be subsumed under P. megalotis. 19411,Reithrodontomys mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,mexicanus,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)","A species composite requiring detailed revision, as underscored by the large genetic distances disclosed among Middle American populations and the polyphyly of nominal “mexicanus” in the resultant cladogram (Arellano et al. 2003)." 19413,Reithrodontomys montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,montanus,,,,,"(Baird, 1855)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19417,Reithrodontomys sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,sumichrasti,,,,,"(Saussure, 1861)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19419,Reithrodontomys zacatecae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,zacatecae,,,,,"Merriam, 1901",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19609,Rhipidomys latimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,latimanus,,,,,"(Tomes, 1860)","It includes scandens (from Panama) previously considered (Tribe 1996) as a different subspecies. Taxonomic status requires further study (Musser and Carleton, 2005)." 19610,Rhipidomys leucodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,leucodactylus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)",This species needs taxonomic revision. 19612,Rhipidomys mastacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,mastacalis,,,,,"(Lund, 1840)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19618,Rhipidomys wetzeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,wetzeli,,,,,"Gardner, 1989",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 19645,Rhizomys pruinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Rhizomys,pruinosus,,,,,"Blyth, 1851",It is possible that this may represent a species complex. 19646,Rhizomys sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Rhizomys,sinensis,,,,,"Gray, 1831","This is generally considered to be a species complex, which possibly contains a number of restricted range species (K. Aplin, D. Lunde and G. Musser pers. comm.)." 19647,Rhizomys sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Rhizomys,sumatrensis,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)",This may be a complex of several species (K. Aplin pers. comm.). 19686,Rhombomys opimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhombomys,opimus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 19790,Ruwenzorisorex suncoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Ruwenzorisorex,suncoides,,,,,"(Osgood, 1936)","The single species, R. suncoides, is known by five specimens from the Ruwenzori region of east-central Zaire and Rwanda. This species formerly was assigned to Sylvisorex, but Hutterer (1986) considered it to represent a distinct genus." 19808,Saccostomus campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Saccostomus,campestris,,,,,"Peters, 1846","Saccostomus campestris has a remarkably high degree of chromosomal variability across its geographic range, and likely represents a species complex including a number of cryptic species, which currently may not have been recognised (Fadda et al. 2001; Corti et al. 2004, 2005; Perrin 2013). As such, taxonomic resolution of this species complex is required." 19809,Saccostomus mearnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Saccostomus,mearnsi,,,,,"Heller, 1910","This is a species complex (M. Corti pers. comm., 2004)." 19864,Salpingotus heptneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Salpingotus,heptneri,,,,,"Vorontsov & Smirnov, 1969",Subgenus Prosalpingotus. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). 19865,Salpingotus kozlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Salpingotus,kozlovi,,,,,"Vinogradov, 1922", 19867,Salpingotus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Salpingotus,pallidus,,,,,"Vorontsov & Shenbrot, 1984",Subgenus Prosalpingotus. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). 19998,Sciurotamias davidianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurotamias,davidianus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1867)", 20000,Sciurus anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,anomalus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1778", 20001,Sciurus deppei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,deppei,,,,,"Peters, 1863", 20010,Sciurus granatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,granatensis,,,,,"Humboldt, 1811","This species may possibly represent a species complex, according to morphometric analyses (Koprowski pers. comm.) and molecular data (Mercer and Roth pers. comm.)" 20011,Sciurus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,griseus,,,,,"Ord, 1818", 20013,Sciurus igniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,igniventris,,,,,"Wagner, 1842", 20014,Sciurus lis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,lis,,,,,"Temminck, 1844", 20015,Sciurus nayaritensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,nayaritensis,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1890", 20016,Sciurus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,niger,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 20022,Sciurus spadiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,spadiceus,,,,,"Olfers, 1818", 20023,Sciurus stramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,stramineus,,,,,"Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841", 20025,Sciurus vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,vulgaris,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",There is a well defined subspecies meridionalis according to morphology and genetics and this may even be a valid species. This subspecies is restricted to Calabria (southwestern Italy) and if further taxonomic work confirms this as a full species it is likely to merit listing in a threatened category (G. Amori pers. comm. 2007). 20026,Sciurus yucatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sciurus,yucatanensis,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1877", 20036,Scolomys melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Scolomys,melanops,,,,,"Anthony, 1924",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20037,Scolomys ucayalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Scolomys,ucayalensis,,,,,"Pacheco, 1991",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20089,Sekeetamys calurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Sekeetamys,calurus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)", 20102,Selevinia betpakdalaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Selevinia,betpakdalaensis,,,,,"Belosludov & Bazhanov, 1939",Will be transferred to family Gliridae. 20184,Sicista betulina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,betulina,,,,,"(Pallas, 1779)", 20188,Sicista concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,concolor,,,,,"(Büchner, 1892)","Ellerman (1961) provides details about two subspecies, namely, Sicista concolor leathemi (Thomas, 1893) and Sicista concolor flavus (True, 1894) from the region. Holden (1993), however, synonymised these names." 20190,Sicista napaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,napaea,,,,,"Hollister, 1912", 20193,Sicista strandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,strandi,,,,,"Formozov, 1931",Sibling species of Sicista betulina. 20210,Sigmodon alstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,alstoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1881)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20213,Sigmodon hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,hispidus,,,,,"Say & Ord, 1825","Three former subspecies of Sigmodon hispidus have been assigned specific status: S. hirsutus (Carroll et al. 2005; Musser and Carleton 2005), S. toltecus (Carroll et al. 2005; Musser and Carleton 2005), and S. zanjonensis (Musser and Carleton 2005). All other subspecies formerly assigned to S. hispidus that occur in southern Chiapas, Mexico and Central America have been reassigned to S. hirsutus (Peppers and Bradley 2000, Carroll et al. 2005, Musser and Carleton 2005) and those that occur in eastern Mexico have been reassigned to S. toltecus (Carroll et al. 2005). Following this taxonomy, S. hispidus is not thought to occur south of the United States. However, Carroll et al. (2005) note that their analyses did not have any samples from within several hundred kilometers south of the Rio Grande, and thus it is possible that populations of Sigmodon in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico may in fact be of the subspecies of S. hirsutus occurring in adjacent Texas." 20216,Sigmodon mascotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,mascotensis,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1897",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20217,Sigmodon ochrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,ochrognathus,,,,,"Bailey, 1902",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 20221,Sigmodontomys alfari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodontomys,alfari,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1897",Also known as Orzomys alfari. 20388,Sorex leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,leucogaster,,,,,"Kuroda, 1933", 20396,Sorex arizonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,arizonae,,,,,"Diersing & Hoffmeister, 1977", 20471,Spermophilopsis leptodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilopsis,leptodactylus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 20478,Spermophilus alashanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,alashanicus,,,,,"Büchner, 1888",This species was previously included as a subspecies of Spermophilus dauricus (Smith and Xie 2008). 20482,Spermophilus dauricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,dauricus,,,,,"Brandt, 1843", 20483,Spermophilus erythrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,erythrogenys,,,,,"Brandt, 1841", 20522,Sphaerodactylus micropithecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,micropithecus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1977", 20717,Steatomys jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,jacksoni,,,,,"Hayman, 1936", 20720,Steatomys krebsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,krebsii,,,,,"Peters, 1852","The taxonomic status of the Steatomys genus requires urgent revision, as the phylogenetic relationships between the various species and subspecies are currently unknown (Monadjem et al. 2015). Steatomys krebsii possibly represents a complex of several similar species and further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of disjunct populations currently allocated to this species (Monadjem & Schlitter 2008). Steatomys species are recognised by their small to medium size, small hind feet, and short tails, which are usually 35–60% of their head and body length (Monadjem et al. 2015). In parts of its range, S. krebsii overlaps with S. pratensis and these species are not easily distinguished, although S. krebsii has eight nipples, while S. pratensis has 10–14 (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 20722,Steatomys pratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Steatomys,pratensis,,,,,"Peters, 1846","Similar to Steatomys krebsii, this species requires urgent taxonomic revision. Currently its range is thought to extend from its southern limit in KwaZulu-Natal northwards to Kenya, although Monadjem et al. (2015) suggests that this northernmost specimen may in fact, represent the discrete species, S. parvus. Additionally, a record from Ethiopia, identified by Musser & Carleton (1993) as S. pratensis from an owl pellet, warrants further examination (Happold 2013). Although there is some overlap in size, this species is generally larger than S. krebsii, and has 10–14 nipples, compared to eight in S. krebsii (Monadjem et al. 2015). However, such taxonomic issues are unlikely to affect the South African species. Chromosome number: 2n = 68 (Robbins & Baker 1978)." 20741,Stenocephalemys griseicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Stenocephalemys,griseicauda,,,,,"F. Petter, 1972", 20758,Rattus niobe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,niobe,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","Rattus niobe and its related species are in need of taxonomic revision (Musser and Carleton 2005; Helgen 2007). R. niobe is often treated as including R. arfakianus, R. arrogans, and R. pococki. We follow Musser and Carleton (2005) in considering each of these to be separate species pending further taxonomic work. We also follow Musser and Carleton (2005) in treating R. omichlodes as a separate species (it has been considered to be variously a synonym of R. niobe, R. arrogans, and R. richardsoni). In addition to these taxa, there are still other specimens currently assigned to R. niobe that could prove to be distinct species in the future (Helgen 2007)." 20761,Rattus verecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,verecundus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)",Rattus verecundus probably represents a species complex containing three species (T. Leary pers. comm.). 21134,Surdisorex norae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Surdisorex,norae,,,,,"Thomas, 1906","This is one of the most distinct shrews in Africa. According to Nowak (1999) Surdisorex is a subgenus of Mysorex. However, Happold and Happold (2013) retain Surdisorex. Surdisorex norae is therefore accepted here as the valid name for this species." 21135,Surdisorex polulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Surdisorex,polulus,,,,,"Hollister, 1916","According to Nowak (1999) Surdisorex is a subgenus of Mysorex. However, Happold and Happold (2013) retain Surdisorex. Surdisorex polulus is therefore accepted here as the valid name for this species." 21142,Suncus dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,dayi,,,,,"(Dodson, 1888)", 21144,Suncus hosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,hosei,,,,,"Thomas, 1893","This taxon is often included in S. etruscus (Medway 1977), but it represents a distinct forest species (Hutterer 2005)." 21146,Suncus mertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Suncus,mertensi,,,,,"Kock, 1974", 21154,Sundasciurus fraterculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,fraterculus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)",Sometimes this species is included within S. lowii (Chasen 1940). 21161,Sundasciurus rabori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,rabori,,,,,"Heaney, 1979", 21221,Sylvisorex morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,morio,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)", 21222,Sylvisorex oriundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,oriundus,,,,,"Hollister, 1916",is a valid species (R. Hutterer pers. comm). 21293,Tachyoryctes macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Tachyoryctes,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1842)", 21360,Eutamias sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Eutamias,sibiricus,,,,,"(Laxmann, 1769)", 21510,Gerbilliscus boehmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,boehmi,,,,,"(Noack, 1887)","Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) as Gerbilliscus boehmi (Noack, 1887)." 21511,Gerbilliscus brantsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,brantsii,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)","This species was previously described as Tatera brantsii, and a number of subspecies have been described (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Following the reclassification of this species as Gerbilliscus brantsii, additional research is necessary to delineate subspecies status. In comparison to other Gerbilliscus species in its range (G. afra and G. leucogaster), G. brantsii can be recognised by the white terminal end of its tail and its tail length, which is only slightly longer than its body." 21513,Gerbilliscus inclusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,inclusus,,,,,"(Thomas & Wroughton, 1908)","Taxonomy unclear (includes T. pringlei as synonym). Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) under Gerbilliscus inclusus Thomas and Wroughton, 1908." 21516,Gerbilliscus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,leucogaster,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","Previously classified as Tatera leucogaster with at least 17 described subspecies in southern Africa (Skinner & Chimimba 2005), this species was later recognised as Gerbilliscus leucogaster by Musser and Carleton (2005). The Bushveld Gerbil can be distinguished in its range from other Gerbilliscus species by its long tail and the black dorsal line, which runs along the tail length (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 21519,Gerbilliscus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbilliscus,robustus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)","Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) under Gerbilliscus robustus (Cretzschmar, 1826)." 21521,Taterillus arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,arenarius,,,,,"Robbins, 1974", 21523,Taterillus emini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,emini,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)",We follow Granjon and Dobigny (2013) by including Taterillus harringtoni within T. emini. 21524,Taterillus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Taterillus,gracilis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)", 21690,Thallomys loringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Thallomys,loringi,,,,,"(Heller, 1909)", 21691,Thallomys nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Thallomys,nigricauda,,,,,"(Thomas, 1882)","The type locality of this species is from the Hountop (Hudup or Hutop) River, west of Gibeon in Namibia (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Although some suggest that this species should be treated as a species complex under Thallomys paedulcus sensu lato, Taylor et al. (1995) describe how two chromosomes of T. paedulcus and T. nigricauda are distinguishable on morphometric grounds. Thallomys shortridgei was previously included within T. nigricauda, but following Musser and Carleton (2005), T. shortridgei is currently recognised as a distinct species. The relationship between the species of this genus require resolution, and a molecular analysis of the genus is urgently required (Nel 2013; Monadjem et al. 2015)" 21692,Thallomys paedulcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Thallomys,paedulcus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1846)","Thallomys paedulcus possibly represents a complex of several similar species. This species has been controversial and there have been many changes in its definition (Perrin 2013). Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species, and the relationships between this species and others of its genus (Monadjem et al. 2015). As T. nigricauda was included in T. paedulcus until recently, some information for the latter may actually refer to the former (Perrin 2013)." 21799,Thomomys bottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,bottae,,,,,"(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)",This species and T. umbrinus are under revision (Patton et al. in press). 21800,Thomomys umbrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,umbrinus,,,,,"Richardson, 1829",This species and T. bottae are under revision (Patton et al. in press). 21810,Thomomys mazama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,mazama,,,,,"Merriam, 1897",Thomomys mazama was regarded as a subspecies of T. monticola in some older literature. 21847,Thryonomys swinderianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,THRYONOMYIDAE,Thryonomys,swinderianus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)",No subspecies are currently recognised (Monadjem et al. 2015). 21984,Lophostoma brasiliense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lophostoma,brasiliense,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)",Genus was recently split from Tonatia. 22046,Tragelaphus buxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,buxtoni,,,,,"(Lydekker, 1910)","Generic synonyms = Limnotragus, Boocerus, Strepsiceros, Taurotragus." 22047,Tragelaphus eurycerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,eurycerus,,,,,"(Ogilbyi, 1837)","Two subspecies are currently recognized: Mountain or Eastern Bongo (T. e. isaaci) and the Lowland or Western Bongo (T. e. eurycerus), although the validity of these forms has not been confirmed by genetic analysis. Furthermore, the two populations of Lowland Bongo, in West and Central Africa respectively, have been geographically separated for an unknown - but long - period of time. Carrying out a detailed phylogenetic anlysis across the species' entire range is highly desirable. Until then, the three disjunct populations should be treated as separate conservation units." 22050,Tragelaphus spekii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,spekii,,,,,"Speke, 1863", 22051,Tragelaphus scriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,scriptus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","South Africa
Over 40 subspecies have been described but systematic studies indicate that only between 24 (Lydekker 1913; Allen 1939) and six (Grubb 1985) distinct forms may exist. Additionally, as all molecular variation is partitioned into two divergent lineages (Moodley & Bruford 2007), T. scriptus and T. sylvaticus, we thus treat these as distinct species following Moodley et al. (2009). However, this specific distinction needs to be confirmed with both morphological and nuclear data (Hassanin et al. 2012)." 22052,Tragelaphus angasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,angasii,,,,,"Angas, 1849",No subspecies are recognised. 22053,Tragelaphus imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,imberbis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1869)", 22055,Tragelaphus oryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,oryx,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","Mitochondrial DNA (Essop et al. 1997; Gatesy et al. 1997; Matthee & Robinson 1999) and allozyme (Georgiadis et al. 1990) data, as well as evidence of hybridisation between the Common Eland and the Greater Kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Boulineau 1933; Jorge et al. 1976; Van Gelder 1977a, 1977b), has led to the classification of this species within the genus Tragelaphus rather than Taurotragus (IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2016). Additionally, Lorenzen et al. (2010) report a significant difference between the mtDNA lineages of Common Eland in East and Southern Africa. Three subspecies of Common Eland have been recognised, though their validity has been in dispute (Thouless 2013):

  • Tragelaphus o. livingstonii (Sclater 1864; Livingstone's Eland): also called kaufmanni, niediecki, selousi and triangularis. It is found in the Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands i.e. south-central Africa (Angola, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi). Livingstone's Eland has a brown pelt with up to twelve stripes.

  • Tragelaphus o. oryx (Pallas 1766; Cape Eland): also called alces, barbatus, canna and oreas. This subspecies is found south of the Zambezi river (South Africa, Botswana and Namibia). The fur is tawny, and adults lose their stripes.

  • Tragelaphus o. pattersonianus (Lydekker 1906; East African Eland or Patterson's Eland): also called billingae. It is found in east Africa extending into the Somali arid areas, hence its common name. Its coat can have up to 12 stripes.

Tragelaphus o. oryx occurs throughout the larger part of South Africa, but the far northern Limpopo Province bordering Zimbabwe is regarded as a transitional zone between T. o. oryx and T. o. livingstonii or an area where they overlap. This argues the case that they should rather be described as ecotypes (in ecotypes, it is common for continuous, gradual geographic variation to impose analogous phenotypic and/or genetic variation; this situation is called cline.)." 22432,Tscherskia triton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Tscherskia,triton,,,,,"(de Winton, 1899)", 22454,Tupaia nicobarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,nicobarica,,,,,"(Zelebor, 1869)", 23041,Microtus clarkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,clarkei,,,,,"(Hinton, 1923)",This species was formerly included in the genus Volemys (Smith and Xie 2008). 23078,Juliomys pictipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Juliomys,pictipes,,,,,"(Osgood, 1933)",Also known as Wilfredomys pictipes or Thomasomys pictipes (see Musser and Carleton 2005). 23144,Xerus erythropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerus,erythropus,,,,,"Desmarest, 1817", 23145,Xerus inauris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerus,inauris,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","Three genetic clades, corresponding to geographical restriction, have been identified (Herron et al. 2005), but the genetic differences are not sufficient to warrant the recognition of further taxa (Monadjem et al. 2015). No subspecies are recognised (Skinner & Chimimba 2005). Although doubts have been raised regarding the specific distinctness of X. inauris and X. princeps, molecular research supports each as a monophyletic lineage (Herron et al. 2005)." 23146,Xerus princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerus,princeps,,,,,"(Thomas, 1929)",There is some genetic variability in the species (J. Waterman pers. comm.). 23147,Xerus rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Xerus,rutilus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1828)", 23192,Zapus trinotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Zapus,trinotatus,,,,,"Rhoads, 1895",Z. trinotatus and Z. princeps formerly were considered conspecific by some authors; they were regarded as separate species by Baker et al. (2003) and Holden and Musser (in Wilson and Reeder 2005). 23196,Zelotomys woosnami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Zelotomys,woosnami,,,,,"(Schwann, 1906)","The Zelotomys genus consists of two species with isolated ranges, of which only Z. woosnami occurs within the assessment region (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Monadjem et al. 2015). Zelotomys woosnami exhibits no geographic variation, and no subspecies have been recognised (Skinner & Chimimba 2005; Monadjem et al. 2015)." 23197,Zelotomys hildegardeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Zelotomys,hildegardeae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)", 29403,Hylaeamys megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hylaeamys,megacephalus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1814)","Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). Pires-Costa (2003) indicates that the megacephalus complex may contain two species, on either side of the Amazon River." 29405,Euryoryzomys russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Euryoryzomys,russatus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1848)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). This species includes Oryzomys intermedia and O. kelloggi. 29409,Ptychoglossus danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,danieli,,,,,"Harris, 1994", 29412,Ptychoglossus romaleos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,romaleos,,,,,"Harris, 1994", 29413,Ptychoglossus vallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,vallensis,,,,,"Harris, 1994", 29458,Crunomys suncoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Crunomys,suncoides,,,,,"Rickart, Heaney, Tabaranza Jr. & Balete, 1998", 29461,Voalavo gymnocaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Voalavo,gymnocaudus,,,,,"Carleton & Goodman, 1998","Until the description of V. antsahabensis in 2005 (Goodman et al. 2005), the genus Voalavo was known only from the mountains of Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy in the Northern Highlands." 29658,Neomys fodiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Neomys,fodiens,,,,,"(Pennant, 1771)", 29661,Sorex araneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,araneus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This species has huge chromosomal variation and includes many chromosomal races. Recently one of these races has been described as a separate species (S. antinorii)(Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 2005).

Sorex averini is treated here as part of S. araneus. This taxon is regarded by some as an allospecies of S. araneus (Zagorodnyuk 1996)." 29665,Sorex isodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,isodon,,,,,"Turov, 1924", 29666,Sorex minutissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,minutissimus,,,,,"Zimmermann, 1780", 29667,Sorex minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,minutus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 39260,Celestus warreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,warreni,,,,,"(Schwartz, 1970)",Powell and Henderson (2003) synonymized C. carraui as a synonym with C. w. warreni and rejected its recognition as a subspecies. 40553,Isoodon obesulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Isoodon,obesulus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1797)","

The taxonomy of the Isoodon obesulus complex has been unsettled. Westerman et al. (2012) concluded that the subspecies I. o. peninsulae was more closely related to I. auratus than I. obesulus, and should be either transferred to that species or raised to a species itself. Following Pope et al. (2001), Zenger et al. (2005) and Westerman et al. (2012), the formerly recognised subspecies I. o. affinis and I. o. nauticus are included here in I. o. obesulus, leaving only one other subspecies, I. o. fusciventer from south-western Australia. We have followed this arrangement.

I. o. obesulus (south-eastern Australia) is Near Threatened;

I. o. fusciventer (south-western Australia) is Least Concern.

" 40554,Perameles nasuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERAMELEMORPHIA,PERAMELIDAE,Perameles,nasuta,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1804", 40602,Atelerix albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Atelerix,albiventris,,,,,"(Wagner, 1841)", 40604,Erinaceus amurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Erinaceus,amurensis,,,,,"Schrenk, 1859", 40610,Paraechinus hypomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Paraechinus,hypomelas,,,,,"(Brandt, 1836)",Treated by some authors under the genus Hemiechinus. 40611,Hylomys suillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Hylomys,suillus,,,,,"Müller, 1840","Ruedi et al. (1994) considered suillus, maxi, dorsalis, siamensis and probably peguensis, microtinus, and tionis to be valid subspecies. Further genetic studies by Ruedi and Fumagalli (1996) suggest that siamensis, maxi and dorsalis may even be distinct species. More work is needed to resolve the taxonomy of this complex." 40612,Mesechinus dauuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Mesechinus,dauuricus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1842)", 40614,Chimarrogale himalayica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chimarrogale,himalayica,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 40616,Chimarrogale styani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chimarrogale,styani,,,,,"de Winton, 1899","The species is distributed largely sympatrically in relation to Chimarrogale himalayica in northern Myanmar. The species is considered to be distinct by Jones and Mumford (1971), Corbet (1978), and Hoffmann (1987)." 40621,Crocidura bottegi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,bottegi,,,,,"Thomas, 1898",This species is not as widely distributed as previously thought; West African records are in fact C. obscurior and C. eburnea. 40624,Crocidura crossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,crossei,,,,,"Thomas, 1895","Formerly included Crocidura jouvenetae, see notes on these two species in Hutterer (2005)." 40625,Crocidura cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,cyanea,,,,,"(Duvernoy, 1838)","There are nine subspecies recognised (Heim de Balsac & Meester 1977), of which two occur within the assessment region: C. c. cyanea from northern Namibia to the Western Cape and Free State provinces and Lesotho, and C. c. infumata from parts of the Western and Eastern Cape provinces northwards to KwaZulu-Natal, North West, Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga provinces, as well as Zimbabwe, northern Botswana and Mozambique. Further research is needed to resolve the taxonomy of this species complex." 40627,Crocidura dsinezumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,dsinezumi,,,,,"(Temminck, 1842)",Geographic variation of Japanese populations studied by Motokawa (2003). 40628,Crocidura dolichura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,dolichura,,,,,"Peters, 1876", 40631,Crocidura fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)", 40632,Crocidura fulvastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,fulvastra,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1843)", 40633,Crocidura fuscomurina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,fuscomurina,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1865)","Meester et al. (1986) listed two subspecies: C. f. bicolor (Bocage 1889), occurring in the northern Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, North West, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Gauteng provinces, as well as Zimbabwe, Mozambique and north-eastern Botswana; and C. f. woosnami (Dollman 1915) from the southern Free State, northern and central Botswana and northern Namibia. The species known as C. bicolor was shown to be a synonym of C. fuscomurina (Hutterer 1983). The taxonomic status of the lowveld subpopulations in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces needs research as they might comprise a different species (R. Hutterer unpubl. data)." 40791,Borikenophis sanctaecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Borikenophis,sanctaecrucis,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 41211,Praomys obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,obscurus,,,,,"Hutterer & Dieterlen, 1992","Taxonomic revision of Praomys hartwigi split the taxon into P. hartwigi (endemic to Cameroon) and P. obscurus (endemic to Nigeria) (E. van der Straeten pers. comm., June 2002)." 41212,Lemniscomys zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,zebra,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1864)",Lemniscomys zebra represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 41317,Crocidura cinderella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,cinderella,,,,,"Thomas, 1911", 41322,Crocidura hildegardeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,hildegardeae,,,,,"Thomas, 1904",Populations formerly allocated to Crocidura hildegardeae from Cameroon through to Nigeria are now attributed to C. virgata. 41323,Crocidura hirta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,hirta,,,,,"Peters, 1852","Four subspecies are listed (Heim de Balsac & Meester 1977), of which two occur in southern Africa: C. c. hirta, found in the wetter eastern areas of the country with annual rainfall over 500 mm, occurring in KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, North West, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces, as well as Zimbabwe and Mozambique; while C. h. deserti (the arid variant) occurs in the drier western regions in northern Northern Cape, northern Botswana and north-eastern Namibia (Meester et al. 1986) Further research should resolve the taxonomy of these variants as there may be more than one species across the range" 41325,Crocidura jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,jacksoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1904",This species was previously included within Crocidura denti. All records east of Rift Valley are allocated to C. denti. 41327,Crocidura lasiura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lasiura,,,,,"Dobson, 1890", 41330,Crocidura littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,littoralis,,,,,"Heller, 1910", 41331,Crocidura luna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,luna,,,,,"Dollman, 1910",Crocidura luna possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species 41332,Crocidura lusitania,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lusitania,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 41333,Crocidura macarthuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,macarthuri,,,,,"St. Leger, 1934", 41334,Crocidura mariquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,mariquensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1844)","Meester et al. (1986) recognised two subspecies in southern Africa: C. m. mariquensis occurring in KwaZulu-Natal, northern Free State, North West, Limpopo, Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces and Mozambique; and C. m. shortridgei, occurring from north-eastern Namibia to northwestern Zimbabwe. Additionally, morphometric data reveal the KwaZulu-Natal population to be distinct from all others (Dippenaar 1979; Taylor 1998). Thus, this species may represent a species complex, but until new research provides further evidence, we retain the species status." 41335,Crocidura maurisca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,maurisca,,,,,"Thomas, 1904", 41336,Crocidura maxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,maxi,,,,,"Sody, 1936","Occurs sympatrically with monticola in Java (Jenkins 1982, Kitchener et al. 1994)." 41339,Crocidura muricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,muricauda,,,,,"(Miller, 1900)", 41340,Crocidura mutesae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,mutesae,,,,,"Heller, 1910",The taxonomy of this species is uncertain and it might be a synonym of Crocidura olivieri (Hutterer 2005). 41342,Crocidura nanilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nanilla,,,,,"Thomas, 1909",This species has sometimes been confused with similar small species of Crocidura (Hutterer 2005). 41344,Crocidura nigeriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nigeriae,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 41346,Crocidura nigrofusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,nigrofusca,,,,,"Matschie, 1895",Crocidura nigrofusca possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 41348,Crocidura olivieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,olivieri,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)",Crocidura olivieri is the valid name for large African shrews previously known as C. flavescens (now restricted to South Africa) (Hutterer 2005). 41349,Crocidura parvipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,parvipes,,,,,"Osgood, 1910",Crocidura parvipes possibly represents a complex of four or five similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 41350,Crocidura pasha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,pasha,,,,,"Dollman, 1915", 41351,Crocidura planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,planiceps,,,,,"Heller, 1910",This species is closely related to Crocidura fuscomurina and may be found to be conspecific. 41352,Crocidura poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,poensis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 41355,Crocidura roosevelti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,roosevelti,,,,,"(Heller, 1910)", 41356,Crocidura sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,sibirica,,,,,"Dukelsky, 1930", 41357,Crocidura silacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,silacea,,,,,"Thomas, 1895","Although there has been some controversy over the validity of this species (Ellerman et al. 1953; Heim de Balsac & Meester 1977), subsequent morphometric studies have supported its status as a species (Meester et al. 1986; Taylor et al. 1994; Taylor & Contrafatto 1996)." 41358,Crocidura smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,smithii,,,,,"Thomas, 1895",There are two very isolated populations which may be distinct at the species level. 41359,Crocidura somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,somalica,,,,,"Thomas, 1895", 41364,Crocidura viaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,viaria,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1834)", 41365,Crocidura voi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,voi,,,,,"Osgood, 1910", 41367,Crocidura yankariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,yankariensis,,,,,"Hutterer & Jenkins, 1980", 41368,Crocidura zaphiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,zaphiri,,,,,"Dollman, 1915",Taxonomy uncertain. 41369,Crocidura zarudnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,zarudnyi,,,,,"Ognev, 1928", 41377,Cryptotis parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,parva,,,,,"(Say, 1823)","This species formerly included, as subspecies, Central American Cryptotis orophila and C. tropicalis, which were listed as distinct species by Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005). Some of the other C. parva subspecies may also be distinct species (Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 41383,Paracrocidura schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Paracrocidura,schoutedeni,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1956", 41385,Sorex arcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,arcticus,,,,,"Kerr, 1792","S. a. maritimensis Smith 1939 is now considered a distinct species, as suggested by Volobouev and van Zyll de Jong (1988)." 41389,Sorex bendirii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,bendirii,,,,,"(Merriam, 1884)", 41392,Sorex cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,cinereus,,,,,"Kerr, 1792",Several formerly recognized subspecies recently have been regarded as distinct species (for example see van Zyll de Jong 1983). A population in western Washington and adjacent British Columbia was recognized as a distinct species (S. rohweri) by Rausch et al. (2007). 41393,Sorex daphaenodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,daphaenodon,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 41394,Sorex dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,dispar,,,,,"Batchelder, 1911","French and Kirkland (1983) concluded from morphological data that S. dispar and S. gaspensis are not conspecific. However, the only significant difference between the two taxa is size, with S. gaspensis smaller than S. dispar (Kirkland and Van Deusen 1979, French and Kirkland 1983). Yet Sorex dispar exhibits a south to north decreasing cline in body size, suggesting the possibility that S. gaspensis is not a distinct species but rather simply represents the northern extent of the S. dispar cline. Accordingly, Rhymer et al. (2004) found that the apparent distributional gap between S. dispar and S. gaspensis is not as large as previously believed (if in fact it exists at all) and that a morphological cline between dispar and gaspensis cannot be ruled out. Additionally, using mtDNA d-loop sequences, Rhymer et al. (2004) found that S. gaspensis and S. dispar cluster with no taxonomic or geographic structure, suggesting that they are conspecific. Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) considers S. dispar to be distinct but this is probably because Rhymer et al. (2004) was published too late to be considered by Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 41398,Sorex gracillimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,gracillimus,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 41399,Sorex haydeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,haydeni,,,,,"Baird, 1857","Sorex haydeni was formerly considered to be a subspecies of S. cinereus, but it has been regarded as a distinct species in recent decades.

Recently Brunet et al. (2002) concluded that S. haydeni does not warrant specific status, but Demboski and Cook (2003) found that S. cinereus and S. haydeni do not appear to be sister species and regarded S. haydeni as a valid species. Recent mammal checklists (Baker et al. 2003, Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 2005) maintain S. haydeni as a distinct species and hence it is included here." 41400,Sorex hoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,hoyi,,,,,"Baird, 1857",Formerly included in the genus Microsorex. 41401,Sorex longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,longirostris,,,,,"Bachman, 1837","An analysis of skull, dental, and external measurements by Jones et al. (1991) confirmed the differences among the three subspecies (longirostris, eionis, and fisheri). Zones of intergradation between adjacent subspecies have not been well defined. Junge and Hoffman (1981) suggested that fisheri may be a distinct species, but most authors continue to treat fisheri as a subspecies of longirostris (Jones et al. 1992, Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 1993)." 41403,Sorex merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,merriami,,,,,"Dobson, 1890", 41406,Sorex nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,nanus,,,,,"Merriam, 1895","Sorex nanus apparently diverged only recently from S. tenellus and may not yet be a separate species (George 1988). However, George (1988), Jones et al. (1992), and Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) listed nanus and tenellus as separate species." 41408,Sorex ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,ornatus,,,,,"Merriam, 1895", 41410,Sorex palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,palustris,,,,,"Richardson, 1828","Some recent literature regards Sorex alaskanus as a subspecies of S. palustris (Junge and Hoffman 1981; Jarrel and MacDonald 1989; Jones et al. 1992; Harris, in Wilson and Ruff 1999), whereas other authors have regarded S. alaskanus as a distinct species (Hall 1981; Beneski and Stinson 1987; George 1988; Hutterer, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005; Carraway 1995; Baker et al. 2003). Inadequate material has prevented conclusive studies (Cook et al. 1997). Here it is considered a distinct species." 41412,Sorex portenkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,portenkoi,,,,,"Stroganov, 1956","Originally described as a subspecies of cinereus and treated as such by Yudin (1972) and Okhotina (1977), then included in ugyunak (Ivanitskaya and Kozlovskii 1985), but recently recognized as a distinct species by Zaitsev (1988), and van Zyll de Jong (1991), who, however, pointed out its close relationship to jacksoni and ugyunak (Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 1993)." 41414,Sorex roboratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,roboratus,,,,,"Hollister, 1913", 41415,Sorex satunini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,satunini,,,,,"Ognev, 1922","Formerly referred to as caucasicus Satunin, which is now synonymized with raddei Satunin; see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Zaitsev (1988). Sokolov and Tembotov (1989), who reviewed the distribution in Caucasus, used caucasicus for this species. Considered a distinct species by Graf et al. (1979) (Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 1993)." 41421,Sorex trowbridgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,trowbridgii,,,,,"Baird, 1857", 41422,Sorex tundrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,tundrensis,,,,,"Merriam, 1900", 41423,Sorex ugyunak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,ugyunak,,,,,"Anderson & Rand, 1945","Formerly included in S. cinereus; and also regarded as a subspecies of S. jacksoni (van Zyll de Jong 1982). Though recognized as distinct at the species level by van Zyll de Jong (1983), van Zyll de Jong (1982) and Jones et al. (1986) conceded that ugyunak may prove to be conspecific with S. jacksoni of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. Van zyll de Jong (1991), Jones et al. (1992), and Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 1993 and 2005) regarded S. jacksoni and S. ugyunak as a distinct species." 41424,Sorex unguiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,unguiculatus,,,,,"Dobson, 1890", 41425,Sorex vagrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,vagrans,,,,,"Baird, 1857","Sorex orizabae was included as a subspecies of vagrans by Hennings and Hoffmann (1977), and later included as a subspecies of oreopolus by Junge and Hoffmann (1981), but most recently is considered a separate species by Carraway (2007)." 41430,Chodsigoa hypsibia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,hypsibia,,,,,"(de Winton, 1899)","Smith and Xie (2008) recognize two subspecies: Chodsigoa hypsibia hypsibia (de Winton, 1899); Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, and eastern Xizang; and C. h. larvarum Thomas, 1911; Hebei." 41432,Episoriculus leucops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Episoriculus,leucops,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1855)",Will be transferred to the genus Episoriculus. 41433,Episoriculus macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Episoriculus,macrurus,,,,,"(Blanford, 1888)",Will be transferred to the genus Episoriculus. 41435,Chodsigoa parca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Chodsigoa,parca,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1923","This taxon was formerly included in Chodsigoa smithii, but it was retained as a separate species by Hoffmann (1985), with lowei and furva as tentative subspecies." 41448,Diplomesodon pulchellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Diplomesodon,pulchellum,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)",The only species of its genus. 41450,Anourosorex squamipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Anourosorex,squamipes,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1872", 41451,Blarina brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Blarina,brevicauda,,,,,"(Say, 1823)",Blarina carolinensis shermani may be an isolated subspecies of B. brevicauda or a distinct species (George et al. 1986). B. brevicauda was regarded as conspecific with B. carolinensis and B. hylophaga by Hall (1981). Blarina b. telmalestes was regarded as a distinct species by Hall (1981) but not by Jones et al. (1986) or in most other recent accounts. 41452,Blarina carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Blarina,carolinensis,,,,,"(Bachman, 1837)","Blarina carolinensis formerly was regarded as conspecific with B. brevicauda; it was regarded as a distinct species by Jones et al. (1992) and Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005).

George et al. (1986) stated that B. c. shermani may be an isolated subspecies or a distinct species. Given the extent of morphological differentiation and a paucity of possible hybrids with carolinensis, Benedict et al. (2006) recognized B. shermani as a distinct species.

Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized B. peninsulae as a species distinct from B. carolinensis, based on distinct karyotype and distinct morphology (George et al. 1982, Genoways and Choate 1998) and presence of a contact zone between the two taxa (see Genoways and Benedict, in Wilson and Ruff 1999). However, a morphological study by Benedict et al. (2006) found that carolinensis and peninsulae are not well differentiated and show evidence of intergradation. Benedict et al. (2006) recommended that peninsulae be retained as a subspecies of B. carolinensis." 41453,Blarina hylophaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Blarina,hylophaga,,,,,"Elliot, 1899","Treated as a synonym of Blarina brevicauda carolinensis by Hall (1981), who cited Elliot's original spelling as hulophaga. Elliot corrected the original spelling to hylophaga in 1905. George et al. (1981), Jones et al. (1992), and Hutterer (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) regarded B. hylophaga as a distinct species.

Blarina brevicauda and B. hylophaga may hybridize in narrow contact zones, but genetic exchange appears to be limited (Benedict 1999)." 41456,Notiosorex crawfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Notiosorex,crawfordi,,,,,"(Coues, 1877)","In the past there was one wide ranging species, Notiosorex crawfordi. Now four species are recognized in the genus: crawfordi, cockrumi, evotis and villai (Carraway and Timm 2000)." 41458,Condylura cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Condylura,cristata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 41460,Euroscaptor klossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Euroscaptor,klossi,,,,,"Thomas, 1929","Corbet (1978) and Corbet and Hill (1991) included E. klossi in E. micrura, but see Yoshiyuki (1988). This taxon is considered here to include E. malayana, which Harrison (1974) included in micrura." 41468,Neurotrichus gibbsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Neurotrichus,gibbsii,,,,,"(Baird, 1858)", 41469,Parascalops breweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Parascalops,breweri,,,,,"(Bachman, 1842)", 41471,Scalopus aquaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Scalopus,aquaticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 41472,Scapanulus oweni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Scapanulus,oweni,,,,,"Thomas, 1912", 41473,Scapanus latimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Scapanus,latimanus,,,,,"(Bachman, 1842)","Scapanus anthonyi is sometimes considered a separate species, but is here included within Scapanus latimanus following Hutterer (2005)." 41474,Scapanus orarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Scapanus,orarius,,,,,"True, 1896",Verts and Carraway (1998) state that a taxonomic revision of the species is warranted. 41476,Scaptochirus moschatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Scaptochirus,moschatus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1867", 41495,Tupaia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,gracilis,,,,,"Thomas, 1893", 42399,Ammospermophilus harrisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ammospermophilus,harrisii,,,,,"(Audubon & Bachman, 1854)", 42451,Ammospermophilus interpres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ammospermophilus,interpres,,,,,"(Merriam, 1890)", 42452,Ammospermophilus leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Ammospermophilus,leucurus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1889)",A. insularis is now considered a subpopulation of this species on Spirito Santo Island (Alvarez-Castaneda 2007). 42453,Cynomys gunnisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Cynomys,gunnisoni,,,,,"(Baird, 1855)", 42457,Marmota flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,flaviventris,,,,,"(Audubon & Bachman, 1841)", 42458,Marmota monax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,monax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 42565,Sundasciurus davensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Sundasciurus,davensis,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1952)","Corbet and Hill (1992) synonymized Sundasciurus davensis, S. mindanensis, and S. samarensis with S. philippinensis." 42569,Neotamias amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,amoenus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1890)", 42571,Neotamias dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,dorsalis,,,,,"(Baird, 1855)", 42572,Neotamias minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,minimus,,,,,"(Bachman, 1839)", 42576,Neotamias quadrivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,quadrivittatus,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 42578,Neotamias rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,rufus,,,,,"(Hoffmeister & Ellis, 1979)",Formerly included in quadrivittatus. 42581,Neotamias sonomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,sonomae,,,,,"(Grinnell, 1915)", 42582,Neotamias speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,speciosus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1890)", 42583,Tamias striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamias,striatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 42584,Neotamias townsendii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,townsendii,,,,,"(Bachman, 1839)","Formerly included ochrogenys, siskiyou and senex." 42585,Neotamias umbrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Neotamias,umbrinus,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1890)", 42586,Tamiasciurus douglasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamiasciurus,douglasii,,,,,"(Bachman, 1839)", 42587,Tamiasciurus hudsonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Tamiasciurus,hudsonicus,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)", 42588,Geomys bursarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,bursarius,,,,,"(Shaw, 1800)","The phylogenetic relationships of Geomys in general and of G. bursarius in particular are complex and uncertain (Zimmerman, in Wilson and Ruff 1999). Several taxa that formerly were considered to be subspecies of G. bursarius are now recognized as distinct species (G. attwateri, G. arenarius, G. breviceps, G. knoxjonesi, G. texensis).

Subspecies lutescens was regarded as a distinct species by Heaney and Timm (1983, 1985) and Jolley et al. (2000), but lutescens was regarded as a subspecies by Burns et al. (1985), Elrod et al. (2000), and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005).

At a contact zone in eastern New Mexico, Baker et al. (1989) found that major and knoxjonesi are functioning as biological species with gene pools that are effectively isolated (restricted gene flow). Block and Zimmerman (1991) recognized knoxjonesi as a distinct species. After studying mitochondrial RNA, Jolley et al. (2000) determined that G. knoxjonesi and G. arenarius appeared to be different lineages within Geomys, but state that ""further investigation of G. knoxjonesi and G. b. major are warranted."" Baker et al. (2003), and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) regarded knoxjonesi as a distinct species, whereas major was recognized as a subspecies of G. bursarius (Patton, in Wilson and Reeder 2005).

Block and Zimmerman (1991) analyzed allozymic evidence and found that the taxa formerly known as G. b. texensis and G. b. llanensis are a single genetic entity (regarded as Geomys texensis) that is specifically distinct from Geomys bursarius.

Elrod et al. (2000) determined that isolated populations in the Ozark Mountains are genetically and morphologically divergent. They described those populations as a new subspecies (G. b. ozarkensis)." 42589,Geomys pinetis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,pinetis,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1817","Laerm (1981) and Hall (1981) regarded subspecies cumberlandius of Cumberland Island, Georgia, as a distinct species, but Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) did not. Baker et al. and Patton also did not follow Hall (1981) in treating colonus and fontanelus as species distinct from G. pinetis." 42590,Orthogeomys grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Orthogeomys,grandis,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)", 42597,Thomomys talpoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,talpoides,,,,,"(Richardson, 1828)","This species previously included T. idahoensis and T. clusius as subspecies. Considerable chromosomal differentiation in different parts of the range suggests that more than one biological species is currently included under the name T. talpoides (Thaeler 1985; Patton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42598,Thomomys townsendii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Thomomys,townsendii,,,,,"(Bachman, 1839)","Limited hybridization with T. bottae occurs in northeastern California. Included in T. umbrinus by Hall (1981). Regarded as a distinct species by Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003), and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005). Patton and Smith (1994) examined mtDNA and electrophoretic data for T. bottae and T. townsendii and found a variation pattern that made ""strict adherence to any species concept in the objective recognition of evolutionary units within this complex...difficult at best.""" 42599,Dipodomys californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,californicus,,,,,"Merriam, 1890","Formerly included as a subspecies of D. heermanni (Hall 1981), but differs enough in chromosomal and biochemical characteristics to warrant species status (Patton et al. 1976). Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized D. californicus as a distinct species." 42604,Dipodomys panamintinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,panamintinus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1894)", 42606,Microdipodops megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Microdipodops,megacephalus,,,,,"Merriam, 1891", 42607,Microdipodops pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Microdipodops,pallidus,,,,,"Merriam, 1901", 42608,Perognathus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,fasciatus,,,,,"Wied-Neuwied, 1839", 42610,Perognathus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Perognathus,parvus,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)",Perognathus xanthonotus is here regarded as a subspecies of P. parvus. Williams et al. (1993) and Jones et al. (1997) concluded that xanthonotus does not warrant recognition as a distinct species. Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) included xanthonotus as a subspecies of P. parvus. 42612,Napaeozapus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Napaeozapus,insignis,,,,,"(Miller, 1891)", 42613,Zapus hudsonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Zapus,hudsonius,,,,,"(Zimmermann, 1780)","Recent morphological, mtDNA and microsatellite DNA investigation by Ramey et al. (2005) suggests that the classification of Z. h. preblei as a subspecies is not valid. However, King et al. (2006) refute these findings and argue for the continued classification as subspecies.

Previously subspecies luteus was included in Z. princeps; Hafner et al. (1981) showed that luteus represents Z. hudsonius. Hoffmeister (1986) noted that luteus has diverged greatly from populations of Z. hudsonius to the north and briefly questioned their conspecificity." 42614,Zapus princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Zapus,princeps,,,,,"Allen, 1893","Previously, Zapus hudsonius luteus was included in Z. princeps; Hafneret al. (1981) showed that luteus represents Zapus hudsonius." 42616,Myodes californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,californicus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1890)",Was listed in IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the name Clethrionomys californicus. 42617,Myodes gapperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,gapperi,,,,,"(Vigors, 1830)","Includes subspecies occidentalis and caurinus, which previously were included in the species now known as Myodes californicus. Some authors have suggested that rutilis and gapperi are conspecific, but this has not been accepted by most authorities (Jones et al. 1992; Musser and Carleton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42618,Dicrostonyx groenlandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,groenlandicus,,,,,"(Traill, 1823)","Dicrostonyx taxonomy is complex and not well resolved. The complex was regarded as part a single circumpolar species, D. torquatus, until the 1970s when karyological and breeding studies indicated the possible existence of a superspecies complex among North American Dicrostonyx (Rausch and Rausch 1972, Rausch 1977; see also Krohne 1982). Former subspecies occurring in western Canada and Alaska were recognized as separate species based mainly on karyotypes (Rausch and Rausch 1972; Rausch 1977; Krohne 1982; Honacki et al. 1982; Jones et al. 1986, 1992). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) reviewed these and subsequent studies and recognized eight Dicrostonyx species, six of which (groenlandicus, hudsonius, nelsoni, nunatakensis, richardsoni, and unalascensis) occur in North America; and this is the taxonomy adopted here. Baker et al. (2003) recognized D. exsul, D. kilangmiutak, and D. rubricatus as species, but Musser and Carleton recognized exsul as a synonym of D. nelsoni, and kilangmiutak and rubricatus were treated as synonyms of D. groenlandicus." 42619,Dicrostonyx hudsonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,hudsonius,,,,,"(Pallas, 1778)","Dicrostonyx taxonomy is complex and not well resolved. The complex was regarded as part a single circumpolar species, D. torquatus, until the 1970s when karyological and breeding studies indicated the possible existence of a superspecies complex among North American Dicrostonyx (Rausch and Rausch, 1972; Rausch, 1977; see also Krohne, 1982). Former subspecies occurring in western Canada and Alaska were recognized as separate species based mainly on karyotypes (Rausch and Rausch, 1972; Rausch, 1977; Krohne, 1982; Honacki et al., 1982; Jones et al., 1986, 1992). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) reviewed these and subsequent studies and recognized eight Dicrostonyx species, six of which (groenlandicus, hudsonius, nelsoni, nunatakensis, richardsoni, and unalascensis) occur in North America; and this is the taxonomy adopted here. Baker et al. (2003) recognized D. exsul, D. kilangmiutak, and D. rubricatus as species, but Musser and Carleton recognized exsul as a synonym of D. nelsoni, and kilangmiutak and rubricatus were treated as synonyms of D. groenlandicus." 42622,Dicrostonyx richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Dicrostonyx,richardsoni,,,,,"Merriam, 1900","This species formerly was recognized as a subspecies of D. groenlandicus. Dicrostonyx taxonomy is complex and not well resolved. The complex was regarded as part a single circumpolar species, D. torquatus, until the 1970s when karyological and breeding studies indicated the possible existence of a superspecies complex among North American Dicrostonyx (Rausch and Rausch, 1972; Rausch, 1977; see also Krohne, 1982). Former subspecies occurring in western Canada and Alaska were recognized as separate species based mainly on karyotypes (Rausch and Rausch, 1972; Rausch, 1977; Krohne, 1982; Honacki et al., 1982; Jones et al., 1986, 1992). Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) reviewed these and subsequent studies and recognized eight Dicrostonyx species, six of which (groenlandicus, hudsonius, nelsoni, nunatakensis, richardsoni, and unalascensis) occur in North America; this is the taxonomy adopted here. Baker et al. (2003) recognized D. exsul, D. kilangmiutak, and D. rubricatus as species, but Musser and Carleton recognized exsul as a synonym of D. nelsoni, and kilangmiutak and rubricatus were treated as synonyms of D. groenlandicus." 42624,Lemmiscus curtatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lemmiscus,curtatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 42626,Microtus chrotorrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,chrotorrhinus,,,,,"(Miller, 1894)", 42627,Microtus longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,longicaudus,,,,,"(Merriam, 1888)","Subspecies coronarius previously was (and by some recent authors still is) regarded as a distinct species; it was recognized as a subspecies or synonym of M. longicaudus by Jones et al. (1992), Baker et al. (2003), and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005). Extensive karyotypic and molecular variation suggests the need for further taxonomic investigation (Musser and Carleton)." 42629,Microtus miurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,miurus,,,,,"Osgood, 1901","Previously synonymized with M. gregalis, but M. miurus clearly is a distinct species (see Musser and Carleton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42631,Microtus ochrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,ochrogaster,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)","Includes M. o. ludovicianus, an isolated (and apparently extinct) form previously regarded as a distinct species. Subspecies minor exhibits strong morphometric segregation from other M. ochrogaster and merits further examination of its taxonomic status (Musser and Carleton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42632,Microtus oregoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,oregoni,,,,,"(Bachman, 1839)", 42633,Microtus pinetorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,pinetorum,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1830)","Van der Meulen (1978) regarded subspecies nemoralis and parvulus as species distinct from pinetorum, as have some other authors, whereas Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) regarded all as inseparable. Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) indicated that further study is warranted and included them as subspecies as is also done here." 42634,Microtus richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,richardsoni,,,,,"(DeKay, 1842)", 42636,Phenacomys intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phenacomys,intermedius,,,,,"Merriam, 1889","There is uncertainty about the taxonomic status of Phenacomys ungava. In recent decades, most authors have regarded ungava as a subspecies of P. intermedius. Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) noted the present validity of earlier statements that the relationship between intermedius and ungava needs further detailed study; nevertheless, they listed P. ungava as a separate species. Jones et al. (1997), Baker et al. (2003), and George (in Wilson and Ruff 1999) also recognized ungava as a distinct species." 42637,Phenacomys ungava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phenacomys,ungava,,,,,"Merriam, 1889","There is uncertainty about the taxonomic status of Phenacomys ungava. In recent decades, most authors have regarded ungava as a subspecies of P. intermedius. Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) noted the present validity of earlier statements that the relationship between intermedius and ungava needs further detailed study; nevertheless, they listed P. ungava as a separate species. Jones et al. (1997), Baker et al. (2003), and George (in Wilson and Ruff 1999) also recognized ungava as a distinct species" 42639,Synaptomys cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Synaptomys,cooperi,,,,,"Baird, 1858","Wilson and Choate (1997) examined morphological variation in populations in Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota and found that variation was largely clinal, with only minor steps in clinal variation in cranial morphology. Because of small sample sizes, they recommended retention of currently recognized subspecies until genetic data are available." 42640,Allocricetulus curtatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Allocricetulus,curtatus,,,,,"(G.M. Allen, 1925)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 42641,Abditomys latidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Abditomys,latidens,,,,,"(Sanborn, 1952)", 42642,Apodemus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,argenteus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1844)", 42647,Pseudomys bolami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,bolami,,,,,"Troughton, 1932", 42648,Pseudomys chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,chapmani,,,,,"Kitchener, 1980", 42649,Neacomys tenuipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neacomys,tenuipes,,,,,"Thomas, 1900",Taxonomic revision of this species is in progress. Localities of species in Peru are likely to be removed and assigned to a different species. 42650,Neotoma floridana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,floridana,,,,,"(Ord, 1818)","Neotoma magister previously was included in this species. Evidence from analyses of variation in mtDNA, allozymes, and morphology indicates that N. magister is a highly distinct lineage (Hayes and Harrison 1992, Hayes and Richmond 1993).

This species may hybridize with N. micropus, but introgression along the narrow contact zone has been judged as insubstantial (see Musser and Carleton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42651,Neotoma stephensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,stephensi,,,,,"Goldman, 1905",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 42652,Peromyscus attwateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,attwateri,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1895",This species previously was included in P. boylii. 42653,Peromyscus gossypinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,gossypinus,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1853)","This species has hybridized with P. leucopus under laboratory conditions, but the distinctiveness of this species in the field is well documented (see Musser and Carleton in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42654,Peromyscus polionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,polionotus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1843)",The systematics of P. polionotus is in need of critical review (Carleton 1989). 42670,Mylomys dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mylomys,dybowskii,,,,,"(Pousargues, 1893)", 42673,Neotoma cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,cinerea,,,,,"(Ord, 1815)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 42674,Ochrotomys nuttalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Ochrotomys,nuttalli,,,,,"(Harlan, 1832)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 42675,Oryzomys palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oryzomys,palustris,,,,,"(Harlan, 1837)","Analysis of cranial variation in Oryzomys by Humphrey and Setzer (1989) indicated that O. argentatus should be included in this species. Goodyear (1991) reinstated O. argentatus as a species, but this was not followed by Baker et al. (2003), and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005) cited the more thorough study by Humphrey and Setzer (1979) in not accepting argentatus as a species (though they did state that the status of argentatus merits further study using genetic techniques).

Oryzomys palustris and O. couesi formerly were considered to be conspecific (Hall 1981); they were regarded as separate species by Honacki et al. (1982), Jones et al. (1986, 1992), and Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005), following Benson and Gehlbach (1979). An electrophoretic study by Schmidt and Engstrom (1994) also concluded that O. palustris and O. couesi are distinct species. The taxonomic scope of the genus Oryzomys is unsettled, as are the taxonomic limits of some of the species included in the genus Oryzomys (Musser and Carleton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005)." 42678,Reithrodontomys humulis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Reithrodontomys,humulis,,,,,"(Audubon & Bachman, 1941)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 44916,Graphiurus nagtglasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,nagtglasii,,,,,"Jentink, 1888","Here considered separate from G. hueti, which is a nomen nudum (see Grubb 2004).

Will be transferred to family Gliridae." 44928,Graphiurus johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,johnstoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)", 44938,Acomys johannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,johannis,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","Formerly included in A. cahirinus (Setzer, 1975) or A. cineraceus (Musser and Carleton, 1993)." 45048,Myosorex zinki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,zinki,,,,,"Heim de Balsac & Lamotte, 1956", 45049,Sylvisorex pluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,pluvialis,,,,,"Hutterer & Schlitter, 1996", 45051,Sylvisorex camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sylvisorex,camerunensis,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1968", 45052,Desmomys yaldeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Desmomys,yaldeni,,,,,"Lavrenchenko, 2003", 45056,Lophuromys dieterleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,dieterleni,,,,,"Verheyen, Huselmans, Colyn & Hutterer, 1997", 45057,Lophuromys chrysopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,chrysopus,,,,,"Osgood, 1936",This is a split from L. flavopunctatus. 45065,Otomys cuanzensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,cuanzensis,,,,,"Hill & Carter, 1937",This species was previously synonymized with Otomys angoniensis but was removed by Musser and Carleton (2005). 45078,Thamnomys schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Thamnomys,schoutedeni,,,,,"Hatt, 1934","Treated by Musser and Carelton (2005) under T. venustus Thomas, 1907. However, they recognise T. major Hatt, 1934 as being a distict species. Clarity is required from Fritz Diterlen on whether or not these two taxa are conspecific?" 45091,Myomyscus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Myomyscus,angolensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1890", 45094,Praomys daltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,daltoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1892)","Some authors suggest placement of this species in Myomyscus, possibly even as a synonym of M. brockmani (L. Granjon pers. comm.)." 45095,Praomys derooi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,derooi,,,,,"Van der Straeten & Verheyen, 1978",Musser and Carleton (2005) place this species in the genus Praomys. Other authors suggest placement in Myomyscus. 45096,Stenocephalemys ruppi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Stenocephalemys,ruppi,,,,,"(Van der Straeten & Dieterlen, 1983)",It is possible that this species is conspecific with Stenocephalemys albipes. 45200,Myomyscus brockmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Myomyscus,brockmani,,,,,"(Thomas, 1908)","Also treated sometimes under Mylomyscus.

Note there was previous confusion between this species and Myomys fumatus. the latter name is treated as a synonym under Mastomys natalensis, but there are many specimens named as M. fumatus, which are in fact Myomyscus brockmani. See Musser & Carleton in Wilson and Reeder (2005) for details.

Probably still a species complex, comprising more than one species." 57014,Pristimantis festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,festae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1904)","Some previous authors referred to this species as Eleutherodactylus trepidotus (e.g., Lynch and Duellman 1980, Lynch 1984, Almendáriz et al. 2004, Stuart et al. 2008) until Pristimantis festae was deemed the senior synonym (Heinicke et al. 2007, Hedges et al. 2008)." 61314,Acentronura australe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Acentronura,australe,,,,,"Waite & Hale, 1921",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Idiotropiscis to be a subgenus of Acentronura. 135161,Sooretamys angouya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sooretamys,angouya,,,,,"(Fischer, 1814)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). O. buccinatus and O. ratticeps are synonyms of S. angouya (Weksler et al. 2006). 135164,Peromyscus keeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,keeni,,,,,"(Rhoades, 1894)","Peromyscus keeni includes populations that formerly were recognized as P. oreas, P. sitkensis, and some of those assigned to P. maniculatus (see Musser and Carleton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005)). Hogan et al. (1993) analyzed chromosomes, allozymes, and mtDNA of Pacific Northwest Peromyscus and concluded that P. oreas, P. sitkensis, P. maniculatus algidus, P. m. hylaeus, P. m. keeni, P. m. macrorhinus, and P. m. prevostensis should be recognized as members of the newly constituted species Peromyscus keeni; further, they suspected that P. m. carli, P. m. doylei, and P. m. triangularis also are members of P. keeni." 135724,Apodemus witherbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,witherbyi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)", 136197,Akodon montensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,montensis,,,,,"Thomas, 1913","Subgenus Akodon, A. cursor species group (Rieger et al. 1995). Originally named as a subspecies of A. arviculoides, a ranking observed by Gyldenstolpe (1932) and Cabrera (1961). Where A. cursor and A. montensis occur in proximity, the latter species is found at higher elevations, 800 m and above (Geise et al. 2001). Past reports for this species in Uruguay (e.g., Ximénez and Langguth 1970) have proven to be A. reigi (González et al. 1998)." 136251,Eliurus danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,danieli,,,,,"Carleton & Goodman, 2007", 136252,Calomyscus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,grandis,,,,,"Schlitter & Setzer, 1973", 136273,Notiosorex evotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Notiosorex,evotis,,,,,"(Coues, 1877)","In the past there was one wide ranging species, Notiosorex crawfordi. Now four species are recognized in the genus: crawfordi, cockrumi, evotis and villai (Carraway and Timm 2000)." 136275,Eothenomys miletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eothenomys,miletus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1914)","Wang (2003) recognized two subspecies: E. m. miletus and E. m. confinii, but here confinii is regarded as a synonym of Eothenomys cachinus following Smith and Xie (2008)." 136320,Melomys talaudium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,talaudium,,,,,"(Thomas, 1921)","Melomys talaudium is morphologically similar to Melomys leucogaster (Menzies 1996). Originally it was described as a species, but Rümmler (1938) and Ellerman (1941) treated talaudium as a subspecies of M. leucogaster, Musser and Carleton (1993) listed it in the synonymy of that species, and Laurie and Hill (1954) arranged it as a subspecies of M. fulgens. Tate (1951) recognized talaudium as a distinct species as have Flannery (1995) and Menzies (1996). It is sympatric with M. caurinus, which has a shorter tail relative to head and body length, suggesting that M. caurinus may be terrestrial and M. talaudium arboreal (Flannery 1995, Thomas 1921)." 136325,Eliurus ellermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Eliurus,ellermani,,,,,"Carleton, 1994","The distinctiveness of this taxon from Eliurus tanala has been questioned (Carleton and Goodman 2000). After recent extensive surveys of the Masoala Peninsula, no further specimens of this taxon have been located." 136326,Scarturus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Scarturus,williamsi,,,,,"Thomas, 1897","The subspecies Allactaga williamsi caprimulga from Afghanistan is likely to represent a distinct species, but a full taxonomic revision is needed." 136327,Crocidura jouvenetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,jouvenetae,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1958","Crocidura ebriensis was listed as a separate species by Maddalena and Ruedi (1994), Wolsan and Hutterer (1998), and Schlitter et al. (1999), but jouvenetae has priority (Hutterer 2005)." 136330,Nesomys lambertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Nesomys,lambertoni,,,,,"G. Grandidier, 1928", 136343,Congosorex phillipsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Congosorex,phillipsorum,,,,,"Stanley, Rogers & Hutterer, 2005", 136358,Oecomys catherinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,catherinae,,,,,"Thomas, 1909", 136359,Melomys paveli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,paveli,,,,,"Helgen, 2003","Helgen (2003) named this as a subspecies of Melomys rufescens, but Musser and Carleton (2005) raised it to species level." 136372,Vandeleuria nilagirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Vandeleuria,nilagirica,,,,,"Jerdon, 1867", 136377,Calomyscus elburzensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CALOMYSCIDAE,Calomyscus,elburzensis,,,,,"Goodwin, 1938", 136388,Chrotomys sibuyanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Chrotomys,sibuyanensis,,,,,"Rickart, Heaney, Goodman & Jansa, 2005", 136398,Cryptotis merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,merriami,,,,,"Choate, 1970", 136412,Peromyscus fraterculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,fraterculus,,,,,"(Miller, 1892)","Formerly considered a subspecies of Peromyscus eremicus, studies of morphological and mitochondrial DNA differences among the two groups by Riddle et al. (2000) have lead to the specific classification of P. fraterculus." 136422,Rhipidomys macrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,macrurus,,,,,"(Gervais, 1855)", 136426,Sigmodon hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,hirsutus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1854)","Formerly considered part of Sigmodon hispidus (see Voss 1992). S. hirsutus was reinstated based on genetic separation by Peppers and Bradley (2000); following Carroll et al. (2005), S. hirsutus includes all cotton rats occurring in southern Chiapas (Mexico), through Central America, and into northern Colombia and Venezuela.

Carroll et al. (2005) recommend all former subspecies of S. hispidus in this region be reassigned as subspecies of S. hirsutus (this includes boracae, chiriquensis, griseus, hirsutus, and zanjonensis). They also state that it is uncertain whether specimens from southern Chiapas should be assigned to S. hirsutus zanjonensis or whether they represent a new subspecies. They refer these samples as S. hirsutus ssp. Until the issue can be resolved. Note, however, that Musser and Carleton (2005) assign zanjonensis specific status (S. zanjonensis)." 136444,Crocidura caspica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,caspica,,,,,"Thomas, 1907", 136447,Crocidura vosmaeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,vosmaeri,,,,,"Jentink, 1888",This species might be closely related to Crocidura beccarii (Hutterer 2005). 136461,Funisciurus duchaillui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Funisciurus,duchaillui,,,,,"Sanborn, 1953",We follow Happold (2013) in recognizing this as distinct from Funisciurus isabella. Reinstated as a full species by Brugière et al. (2005). 136467,Melomys cooperae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,cooperae,,,,,"Kitchener in Kitchener & Maryanto, 1995",A member of what Menzies (1996) called the Melomys rufescens Group. 136471,Acomys dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1826)",Formerly considered a subspecies of Acomys cahirinus. See Musser and Carleton (2005) for details concerning the relationship between Acomys dimidiatus and A. cahirinus. 136476,Hydromys ziegleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hydromys,ziegleri,,,,,"Helgen, 2005",It was tentatively identified previously as H. hussoni. 136481,Necromys lenguarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,lenguarum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1898)","The taxonomic status unresolved. It was demoted to subspecies under Akodon obscurus (Cabrera, 1961) or placed in full synonymy with Bolomys l. lasiurus (Macêdo and Mares, 1987), or generally if equivocally recognized as a species (Anderson 1997, Anderson and Olds 1989, Galliari and Pardiñas 2000, Reig 1987). Anderson (1997) maintained tapiropoanus, type locality in Mato Grosso, W Brazil, as a subspecies for Bolivian populations. Also see remarks under N. lasiurus. It was previously known in Peru as Bolomys lasiurus, collected in Pampas del Heath (Pacheco et al. 1995)." 136482,Melomys howi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,howi,,,,,"Kitchener in Kitchener & Suyanto, 1996","In its morphology and body size, M. howi is closely related to the New Guinea M. lutillus; its description recalls those in samples from Woodlark, Misima, and Sudest islands east of the Papua New Guinea mainland, which resemble mainland M. lutillus but are larger in body size. Those samples, the specimens from Riama island, and series of M. lutillus from mainland New Guinea need to be reanalysed to determine how many species are actually present in the complex and their relationship to one another (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 136489,Rhynchomys tapulao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhynchomys,tapulao,,,,,"Balete, Rickart, Rosell-Ambal, Jansa & Heaney, 2007", 136490,Spermophilus brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Spermophilus,brevicauda,,,,,"Brandt, 1843","Previously considered a subspecies of S. erythrogenys, but recently elevated to species status (Harrison et al. 2003). Specimens in Xinjiang attributed to S. major are most likely brevicauda (Smith and Xie 2008)." 136493,Uromys siebersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,siebersi,,,,,"Thomas, 1923","Originally described as a species but subsequently treated as a subspecies of Uromys caudimaculatus (Ellerman 1941, Rümmler 1938) or synonym of U. caudimaculatus aruensis (Laurie and Hill 1954). In their revision of Uromys, Groves and Flannery (1994) identified siebersi as a taxon of ""uncertain status"" because they could not allocate it to any of the subspecies of U. caudimaculatus they recognized. Still known only by two skins and a single skull (Groves and Flannery 1994), Thomas’s siebersi should be highlighted as a species." 136510,Macrotarsomys petteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Macrotarsomys,petteri,,,,,"Goodman & Soarimalala, 2005",Remains of this recently described species have been identified from subfossil deposits recovered from Andrahomana Cave in extreme southeastern Madagascar (Goodman et al. 2006). 136512,Niviventer cameroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,cameroni,,,,,"(Chasen, 1940)","Niviventer cameroni was originally described as a subspecies of Rattus rapit (= Niviventer rapit) but differs from N. rapit in being much larger in all cranial and dental dimensions, especially the longer molar row, and lacking a conspicuously tufted tail. Whether N. cameroni is phylogenetically more closely related to N. rapit than to other species on the Sunda Shelf and in the Indochinese region needs to be determined using other morphological suites and gene sequences. Niviventer cameroni joins Maxomys inas and Pithecheir parvus as the three endemic murines occurring on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 136517,Rattus satarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,satarae,,,,,"Hinton, 1918",Pagès et al. (2011) confirmed that Rattus satarae and Rattus rattus are distinct species. 136529,Hylaeamys perenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Hylaeamys,perenensis,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1901)",Oryzomys is a generic synonym (Weksler et al. 2006). 136549,Scapteromys aquaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Scapteromys,aquaticus,,,,,"Thomas, 1920", 136559,Sigmodon toltecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Sigmodon,toltecus,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)","Formerly considered part of S. hispidus. Specific rank defended based on mitochondrial DNA evaluations that disclose strong genetic divergence and cladistic separation from S. hispidus proper (Peppers and Bradley, 2000; Carroll et al. 2005). All subspecies of Cotton Rat occurring in eastern Mexico that were formerly assigned to S. hispidus have been reassigned to S. toltecus (furvus, microdon, saturatus, tolus, toltecus, and villae) (Carroll et al. 2005). However, Carroll et al. (2005) note that their analyses did not have any samples from within several hundred kilometers south of the Rio Grande, and thus it is possible that populations of Sigmodon in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico may in fact be of the subspecies of S. hirsutus occurring in adjacent Texas." 136581,Spalax uralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,uralensis,,,,,"Tiflov & Usov, 1939","Distribution as summarized by other researchers includes S. giganteus from steppes west of the Caspian Sea (Gromov and Erbaeva 1995, Topachevskii 1969)." 136589,Anourosorex schmidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Anourosorex,schmidi,,,,,"Petter, 1963",Formerly included within Anourosorex squamipes (Hutterer 2005). 136606,Chaetodipus eremicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,eremicus,,,,,"(Mearns, 1898)","Chaetodipus eremicus formerly was included in C. penicillatus. Lee et al. (1996) examined range-wide variation in mtDNA and reviewed chromosomal, morphological, and biochemical data; they concluded that C. p. eremicus should be recognized as a distinct species, which probably also includes subspecies atrodorsalis. The newly recognized species probably is conspecific with C. lineatus of San Luis Potosi, Mexico (Patton, in Wilson and Reeder 1993). Price (in Wilson and Ruff 1999) kept eremicus in C. penicillatus, but the North American mammal checklist by Baker et al. (2003) recognized C. eremicus as a valid species." 136613,Oxymycterus quaestor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,quaestor,,,,,"Thomas, 1903", 136621,Pedetes surdaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,PEDETIDAE,Pedetes,surdaster,,,,,"(Thomas, 1902)","This species is here recognized as a distinct species from the Southern African Spring-hare, Pedetes capensis, as recently confirmed by Matthee and Robinson (1997), and in agreement with the treatment of Dieterlen (2005)." 136624,Oecomys auyantepui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,auyantepui,,,,,"Tate, 1939", 136629,Phyllotis limatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Phyllotis,limatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1912","There are two forms of this species described (Steppan, 1998)." 136630,Dipodomys simulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,simulans,,,,,"Merriam, 1904","Dipodomys simulans was formerly regarded as conspecific with D. agilis. Sullivan and Best (1997) found significant morphological differences between the two chromosomal forms of D. agilis (in the former sense) and divided D. agilis into two species, D. agilis (2n = 62) and D. simulans (2n = 60)." 136648,Alticola olchonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Alticola,olchonensis,,,,,"Litvinov, 1960", 136665,Necromys benefactus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Necromys,benefactus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1919)", 136673,Melomys fulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,fulgens,,,,,"(Thomas, 1920)","Still known only by the holotype and one other specimen (Helgen 2003). Originally described as a Uromys, arranged as a subspecies of M. leucogaster by Rümmler (1938) and Ellerman (1941), placed in synonymy of that species by Musser and Carleton (1993), but treated as a distinct species by Tate (1951), Laurie and Hill (1954), Flannery (1995), and Menzies (1996). Although superficially very similar in its morphology to M. leucogaster, it has a much longer tail relative to length of head and body that is scaleless and calloused near the tip, indicating dorsal prehensility, an adaptation absent in the shorter-tailed M. leucogaster (Musser and Carleton 2005)." 136689,Calomys expulsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Calomys,expulsus,,,,,"(Lund, 1841)", 136703,Gerbillus percivali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,percivali,,,,,"(Dollman, 1914)","Gerbillus percivali, G. pusillus, and G. harwoodi may form a closely related species complex or even be a single species. Gerbillus percivali referred to as a valid species by Musser and Carleton (1993) but later (2005) as a synonym of G. pusillus." 136711,Crocidura musseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,musseri,,,,,"Ruedi & Vogel, 1995", 136712,Lemmus trimucronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Lemmus,trimucronatus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 136715,Melomys caurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,caurinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","Originally described as a species, but Rümmler (1938) and Ellerman (1941) treated caurinus as a subspecies of M. leucogaster. Musser and Carleton (1993) listed it in the synonymy of that species, and Laurie and Hill (1954) arranged it as a subspecies of M. fulgens. Tate (1951) recognized caurinus as a distinct species as have Flannery (1995) and Menzies (1996). It is sympatric with M. talaudium, which has a longer tail relative to head and body length, suggesting that M. caurinus may be terrestrial and M. talaudium arboreal (Flannery 1995, Thomas 1921)." 136724,Rhynchomys banahao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhynchomys,banahao,,,,,"Balete, Rickart, Rosell-Ambal, Jansa & Heaney, 2007", 136728,Oligoryzomys fornesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oligoryzomys,fornesi,,,,,"(Massoia, 1973)",It was considered a synonym of O. microtus by Carleton and Musser (1999). 136756,Nectomys apicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Nectomys,apicalis,,,,,"Peters, 1861",It is considered a species complex (Musser and Carleton 2005) 136764,Melomys lutillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,lutillus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1913)","The taxonomy of the Melomys lutillus group is confused and needs to be comprehensively revised. This may be a complex of several species. M. burtoni and M. lutillus are considered to be conspecific by a number of authors. We follow Musser and Carleton (2005), in retaining M. burtoni and M. lutillus as distinct species pending further taxonomic revision." 136793,Neotoma leucodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,leucodon,,,,,"Merriam, 1894",Formerly known as a subspecies of N. albigula. Recent investigations of cytochrome-b sequences by Edwards et al. (2001) lead to the elevation of N. leucodon to specific status. 136834,Pithecheirops otion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pithecheirops,otion,,,,,"Emmons, 1993", 136840,Geomys breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GEOMYIDAE,Geomys,breviceps,,,,,"Baird, 1855","Two subspecies are recognized, breviceps and sagittalis; several other nominal subspecies are now no longer regarded as valid (see Patton, in Wilson and Reeder 2005).

Geomys breviceps formerly included in G. bursarius, but electrophoretic and chromosomal data indicate limited gene flow between breviceps and G. bursarius (Cothran and Zimmerman 1985, Bohlin and Zimmerman 1982). Geomys breviceps was recognized as a distinct species by Baker et al. (2003) and Patton (in Wilson and Reeder 2005). A study of mitochondrial RNA by Jolley et al. (2000) found that the placement of G. breviceps within Geomys to be problematic.

Geomys attwateri, G. breviceps, and G. bursarius cannot be distinguished using external morphological characteristics, but they differ in cytological and biochemical characteristics. Karyotypic hybrids between G. breviceps and G. attwateri, and G. bursarius have been found.

Burt and Dowler (1999) examined allozyme variation and found evidence of a narrow zone of hybridization between G. breviceps and G. attwateri, but gene flow appeared to be very restricted." 154612,Paracaesio caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Paracaesio,caerulea,,,,,"(Katayama, 1934)", 154613,Synaphobranchus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Synaphobranchus,affinis,,,,,"Günther, 1877", 154614,Pentaceros decacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PENTACEROTIDAE,Pentaceros,decacanthus,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 154616,Diaphus diadematus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,diadematus,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 154618,Lepidotrigla omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,omanensis,,,,,"Regan, 1905", 154620,Protomyctophum luciferum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,luciferum,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 154624,Peprilus paru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STROMATEIDAE,Peprilus,paru,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 154633,Malacocephalus luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Malacocephalus,luzonensis,,,,,"Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920", 154635,Lestidiops ringens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,ringens,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)", 154636,Hemerocoetes monopterygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Hemerocoetes,monopterygius,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 154638,Myctophum lychnobium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,lychnobium,,,,,"Bolin, 1946","There is continuing debate as to whether Myctophum lychnobium is a valid species (J. Paxton pers. comm. 2008)." 154640,Genidens genidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Genidens,genidens,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 154646,Leptocephalus ophichthoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Leptocephalus,ophichthoides,,,,,"D'Ancona, 1928", 154649,Lophius gastrophysus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophius,gastrophysus,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1915", 154650,Gymnelus barsukovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Gymnelus,barsukovi,,,,,"Chernova, 1999", 154652,Enigmapercis acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Enigmapercis,acutirostris,,,,,"Parin, 1990", 154653,Pogonophryne barsukovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ARTEDIDRACONIDAE,Pogonophryne,barsukovi,,,,,"Andriashev, 1967", 154654,Paraliparis kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,kreffti,,,,,"Andriashev, 1986", 154655,Hadropareia middendorffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Hadropareia,middendorffii,,,,,"Schmidt, 1904", 154658,Plectranthias bilaticlavia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,bilaticlavia,,,,,"Paulin & Roberts, 1987", 154659,Myoxocephalus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Myoxocephalus,tuberculatus,,,,,"Soldatov & Pavlenko, 1922", 154660,Genyagnus monopterygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,URANOSCOPIDAE,Genyagnus,monopterygius,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 154661,Oplegnathus woodwardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPLEGNATHIDAE,Oplegnathus,woodwardi,,,,,"Waite, 1900", 154663,Oneirodes acanthias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,acanthias,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1915)", 154665,Eustomias posti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,posti,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 154666,Stemonosudis bullisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,bullisi,,,,,"Rofen, 1963", 154668,Linophryne lucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,lucifer,,,,,"Collett, 1886", 154670,Parupeneus multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 154671,Solocisquama carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Solocisquama,carinata,,,,,"Bradbury, 1999", 154674,Lampanyctus jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,jordani,,,,,"Gilbert, 1913", 154679,Paraliparis tompkinsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,tompkinsae,,,,,"Andriashev, 1992", 154681,Oplegnathus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPLEGNATHIDAE,Oplegnathus,insignis,,,,,"(Kner, 1867)", 154682,Pristipomoides freemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,freemani,,,,,"Anderson, 1966", 154683,Skythrenchelys zabra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Skythrenchelys,zabra,,,,,"Castle & McCosker, 1999", 154684,Stegastes fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,fuscus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","There is a possibility that Stegastes fuscus and Stegastes dorsopunicans are the same species, in which case the species would be called S. fuscus (Lavett-Smith 1997)." 154685,Sebastes nivosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,nivosus,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1880", 154686,Dicrolene nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,nigra,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 154690,Kraemeria tongaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KRAEMERIIDAE,Kraemeria,tongaensis,,,,,"Rofen, 1958", 154691,Synchiropus claudiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,claudiae,,,,,"Fricke, 1990","The subgenus Minysynchiropus is treated by some authors as a genus (see Hoese and Bray 2006, p. 1584 in Hoese et al. 2006), however, we have followed Fricke (2002) in treating it as a subgenus." 154692,Schindleria brevipinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCHINDLERIIDAE,Schindleria,brevipinguis,,,,,"Watson & Walker, 2004", 154693,Neomerinthe hemingwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neomerinthe,hemingwayi,,,,,"Fowler, 1935", 154695,Luzonichthys earlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Luzonichthys,earlei,,,,,"Randall, 1981", 154696,Grammonus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,robustus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 154698,Lophodolos indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Lophodolos,indicus,,,,,"Lloyd, 1909", 154699,Mugilogobius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,fasciatus,,,,,"Larson, 2001", 154702,Coryphaenoides nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,nasutus,,,,,"Günther, 1877", 154703,Siganus magnificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,magnificus,,,,,"(Burgess, 1977)", 154705,Lethrinus enigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,enigmaticus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 154707,Polydactylus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,multiradiatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 154709,Hetereleotris vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,vulgaris,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 154710,Paramonacanthus matsuurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,matsuurai,,,,,"Hutchins, 1997", 154714,Erotelis armiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Erotelis,armiger,,,,,"(Jordan & Richardson, 1895)", 154715,Eustomias vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,vulgaris,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 154716,Paxton concilians,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Paxton,concilians,,,,,"Baldwin & Johnson, 1999", 154718,Parma victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Parma,victoriae,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 154721,Sufflamen fraenatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Sufflamen,fraenatum,,,,,"(Latreille, 1804)", 154724,Myripristis clarionensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,clarionensis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1897", 154726,Polyipnus clarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,clarus,,,,,"Harold, 1994", 154730,Luzonichthys williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Luzonichthys,williamsi,,,,,"Randall & McCosker, 1992",Subfamily: Anthiinae 154732,Stegastes gascoynei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Stegastes,gascoynei,,,,,"(Whitley, 1964)", 154733,Dermatopsoides talboti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsoides,talboti,,,,,"Cohen, 1966", 154735,Sebastes koreanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,koreanus,,,,,"Kim & Lee, 1994", 154736,Minous quincarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Minous,quincarinatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)", 154741,Girella simplicidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Girella,simplicidens,,,,,"Osburn & Nichols, 1916", 154744,Kestratherina brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Kestratherina,brevirostris,,,,,"Pavlov, Ivantsoff, Last & Crowley, 1988", 154745,Leptostomias bermudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,bermudensis,,,,,"Beebe, 1932","This species was hesitantly suggested to be a synonym of Leptostomias longibarba by Gibbs and Barnett (1990). This species is found in the eastern Atlantic between Ireland and the Azores and from the Canary Islands to South Africa, but it is not recorded from the Gulf of Guinea." 154747,Maurolicus breviculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,breviculus,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993", 154748,Lophius vomerinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophius,vomerinus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1837", 154749,Petrotyx sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Petrotyx,sanguineus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)", 154750,Sagamichthys abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Sagamichthys,abei,,,,,"Parr, 1953", 154754,Mataeocephalus tenuicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Mataeocephalus,tenuicauda,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 154756,Scorpaenopsis altirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,altirostris,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905","Scorpaenopsis cotticeps, from the Philippines, may be the same species (Eschmeyer and Randall 1975)." 154764,Opistognathus maxillosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,maxillosus,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 154768,Iluocoetes elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Iluocoetes,elongatus,,,,,"(Smitt, 1898)", 154770,Pariah scotius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pariah,scotius,,,,,"Böhlke, 1969", 154772,Synchiropus grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,grandoculis,,,,,"Fricke, 2000","This species is placed by some authors as a species under the genus Foetorepus, however, following Fricke (2002) Foetorepus is treated here as a sub-genus." 154773,Ocosia possi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Ocosia,possi,,,,,"Mandrytsa & Usachev, 1990", 154776,Ebinania brephocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PSYCHROLUTIDAE,Ebinania,brephocephala,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1903)", 154777,Ophidion fulvum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,fulvum,,,,,"(Hildebrand & Barton, 1949)", 154778,Paraliparis megalopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,megalopus,,,,,"Stein, 1978", 154779,Paratrachichthys fernandezianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Paratrachichthys,fernandezianus,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 154781,Coryphaenoides ariommus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,ariommus,,,,,"Gilbert & Thompson, 1916", 154784,Cryptocentrus leonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,leonis,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 154787,Neobythites franzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,franzi,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 154789,Krefftichthys anderssoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Krefftichthys,anderssoni,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1905)", 154791,Halieutopsis tumifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,tumifrons,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 154794,Oneirodes schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,schmidti,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)", 154799,Serranus tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,tigrinus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1790)", 154802,Secutor hanedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Secutor,hanedai,,,,,"Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989", 154804,Sciades couma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Sciades,couma,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)", 154805,Sicyases hildebrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Sicyases,hildebrandi,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 154806,Zalieutes mcgintyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Zalieutes,mcgintyi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1952)", 154808,Racovitzia glacialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BATHYDRACONIDAE,Racovitzia,glacialis,,,,,"Dollo, 1900", 154816,Sebastes mentella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,mentella,,,,,"Travin, 1951", 154819,Hoplolatilus fourmanoiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Hoplolatilus,fourmanoiri,,,,,"Smith, 1964", 154823,Silhouettea aegyptia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,aegyptia,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1933)", 154827,Inimicus caledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Inimicus,caledonicus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)", 154830,Pyramodon lindas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Pyramodon,lindas,,,,,"Markle & Olney, 1990", 154836,Schindleria praematura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCHINDLERIIDAE,Schindleria,praematura,,,,,"(Schindler, 1930)", 154838,Lepidion eques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Lepidion,eques,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 154843,Rimicola sila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Rimicola,sila,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 154844,Platybelone argalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Platybelone,argalus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1821)",Seven geographic subspecies were recognized by Collette and Parin (1970):

Platybelone argalus argalus from the western Atlantic;
P. a. lovii from the Cape Verde Islands;
P. a. annobonensis from Annobón and Fernando Po islands in the Gulf of Guinea;
P. a. trachura from Ascension and St. Helena;
P. a. platyura in most of the Indo-West Pacific;
P. a. platura in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf; and
P. a. pterura from the eastern Pacific.
The Azores population is of taxonomic interest (B. Collette pers. comm. 2012). 154848,Gnatholepis cauerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gnatholepis,cauerensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","

The taxonomic concept of Gnatholepis cauerensis is undergoing revision. Gnatholepis has often been misidentified and confused for many years. Previously, there were four accepted sub-species (G. c. cauerensis, G. c. australis, G. c. hawaiiensis, and G. c. pascuensis), and G. thompsoni was considered a synonym (Randall and Greenfield 2001). Thacker (2004) shows G. thompsoni to be a separate species and also concludes that G. cauerensis should be synonymised with G. anjerensis. Variation in mitochondrial DNA suggested that G. thompsoni is a valid species that is widespread in the Atlantic Ocean and separate from G. cauerensis (Rocha et al. 2005). However, Randall and Greenfield (2007) consider G. thompsoni a synonym of G. cauerensis. Randall (2009) elevated three sub-species to the species level (resulting in four species: G. cauerensis, G. australis, G. hawaiiensis, and G. pascuensis).


During a recent revision of Gnatholepis, the classification presented by Rocha et al. was discussed and validated with meristic and other morphological characters by Larson and Buckle (2012). Larson and Buckle (2012) concluded that G. cauerensis includes sub-species G. c. cauerensis, G. c. australis, and G. c. hawaiiensis, and G. inconsequens is considered a synonym. They elevated G. thompsoni and G. pascuensis to valid species. Gnatholepis thompsoni, as valid in Larson and Buckle (2012), is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. Smith-Vaniz and Collette (2013), however, recorded G. cauerensis, not G. thompsoni, in Bermuda, as “the meristic and other morphological characters purported to separate these two ‘species’ have broadly over-lapping values”.

" 154850,Myripristis pralinia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,pralinia,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 154851,Zanclorhynchus spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,CONGIOPODIDAE,Zanclorhynchus,spinifer,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 154854,Hephthocara simum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Hephthocara,simum,,,,,"Alcock, 1892",It is currently not clear whether Hephthocara crassiceps and Hephthocara simum are separate species or conspecific. 154857,Silhouettea nuchipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,nuchipunctatus,,,,,"(Herre, 1934)", 154858,Zesticelus bathybius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Zesticelus,bathybius,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 154859,Lampadena pontifex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,pontifex,,,,,"Krefft, 1970", 154860,Facciolella karreri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Facciolella,karreri,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1995", 154861,Istigobius rigilius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Istigobius,rigilius,,,,,"(Herre, 1953)", 154862,Scartelaos cantoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Scartelaos,cantoris,,,,,"(Day, 1871)", 154863,Parioglossus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,taeniatus,,,,,"Regan, 1912","It is unclear whether this species should in fact be placed in the Microdesmidae as subfamily Ptereleotrinae (W. Eschmeyer pers. comm. 2009).

This species has been misidentified with P. formosus and P. raoi.
" 154865,Monomitopus agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,agassizii,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 154866,Pholis ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PHOLIDAE,Pholis,ornata,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 154867,Sphagemacrurus gibber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Sphagemacrurus,gibber,,,,,"(Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)", 154869,Myctophum spinosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,spinosum,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 154870,Parapercis colias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PINGUIPEDIDAE,Parapercis,colias,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 154873,Porichthys oculellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,oculellus,,,,,"Walker & Rosenblatt, 1988", 154874,Hetereleotris georgegilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,georgegilli,,,,,"Gill, 1998", 154878,Pomacentrus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Pomacentrus,smithi,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1928","This species is now limited to the Philippines and Indonesia (Allen 2004). The eastern population (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu) is recognized as a distinct species, P. aurifrons (Allen 2004)." 154879,Polyipnus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,elongatus,,,,,"Borodulina, 1979", 154881,Porichthys oculofrenum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Porichthys,oculofrenum,,,,,"Gilbert, 1968", 154882,Dicrolene multifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,multifilis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)", 154883,Pelotretis flavilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Pelotretis,flavilatus,,,,,"Waite, 1911", 154885,Neomerinthe rotunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Neomerinthe,rotunda,,,,,"Chen, 1981","Recently, an older name for the widely used name N.rotunda was synonymized with N. erostris (Motomura et al. 2015)." 154888,Pomacentrus wardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Pomacentrus,wardi,,,,,"Whitley, 1927", 154889,Pseudanthias ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,ventralis,,,,,"(Randall, 1979)",There are two subspecies: Pseudanthias ventralis ventralis and Pseudanthias ventralis hawaiiensis. 154890,Coryphaenoides subserrulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,subserrulatus,,,,,"Makushok, 1976", 154892,Eugerres axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,axillaris,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 154896,Patagonotothen kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOTOTHENIIDAE,Patagonotothen,kreffti,,,,,"Balushkin & Stehmann, 1993", 154898,Eviota storthynx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,storthynx,,,,,"(Rofen, 1959)", 154900,Nemipterus virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,virgatus,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)", 154901,Gazza achlamys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LEIOGNATHIDAE,Gazza,achlamys,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1917", 154905,Lepturacanthus pantului,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Lepturacanthus,pantului,,,,,"(Gupta, 1966)", 154908,Normichthys herringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Normichthys,herringi,,,,,"Sazonov & Merrett, 2001", 154909,Eustomias albibulbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,albibulbus,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 154913,Leviprora inops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Leviprora,inops,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)", 154914,Rhombosolea plebeia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Rhombosolea,plebeia,,,,,"(Richardson, 1843)", 154917,Favonigobius exquisitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Favonigobius,exquisitus,,,,,"Whitley, 1950", 154918,Pycnocraspedum squamipinne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Pycnocraspedum,squamipinne,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 154921,Liopropoma longilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,longilepis,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 154922,Lycenchelys hippopotamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycenchelys,hippopotamus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1950", 154923,Luciobrotula lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Luciobrotula,lineata,,,,,"(Gosline, 1954)", 154931,Pseudochromis sankeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,sankeyi,,,,,"Lubbock, 1975", 154932,Parupeneus posteli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,posteli,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1967", 154937,Erisphex pottii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,APLOACTINIDAE,Erisphex,pottii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1896)", 154940,Pseudanthias pictilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,pictilis,,,,,"(Randall & Allen, 1978)", 154941,Ethadophis merenda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ethadophis,merenda,,,,,"Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970", 154942,Notarius troschelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,troschelii,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)","This species has also recently been listed under the genera Sciadeops and Sciades. Original orthography with 'ii' ending." 154944,Parapercis striolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PINGUIPEDIDAE,Parapercis,striolata,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 154945,Pseudanthias cichlops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,cichlops,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 154949,Paraliparis atrolabiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,atrolabiatus,,,,,"Stein, Chernova & Andriashev, 2001", 154951,Lethrinus genivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LETHRINIDAE,Lethrinus,genivittatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1830","Lethrinus genivittatus has often been recognised as L. nematacanthus, and the name L. genivittatus is often misassociated with many other species (Froese and Pauly 2006)." 154953,Lycodes jugoricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycodes,jugoricus,,,,,"Knipowitsch, 1906", 154955,Sillago indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,indica,,,,,"McKay, Dutt & Sujatha, 1985", 154956,Zeus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,ZEIDAE,Zeus,capensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1835", 154961,Parapercis somaliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PINGUIPEDIDAE,Parapercis,somaliensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1968", 154963,Priolepis sticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,sticta,,,,,"Winterbottom & Burridge, 1992", 154964,Hoplunnis schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Hoplunnis,schmidti,,,,,"Kaup, 1859",A specimen caught off the northwest coast of Africa is thought to be a misidentification of this species (D. Smith pers. comm. 2008). 154978,Apogon indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Apogon,indicus,,,,,"Greenfield, 2001",This species was previously confused with Apogon coccineus and A. erythrinus (Greenfield 2001). 154981,Paraliparis copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,copei,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896","Paraliparis copei consists of three subspecies: Paraliparis copei copei, P. c. wilsoni and P. c. kerguelensis." 154982,Daector dowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Daector,dowi,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1887)", 154983,Paralichthys dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,dentatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 154984,Physiculus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,roseus,,,,,"Alcock, 1891", 154988,Scopelosaurus herwigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,herwigi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 154991,Pholis nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PHOLIDAE,Pholis,nebulosa,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)", 154992,Lophiodes caulinaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,caulinaris,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 154993,Pteraclis aesticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Pteraclis,aesticola,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 155000,Minous dempsterae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Minous,dempsterae,,,,,"Eschmeyer, Hallacher & Rama-Rao, 1979", 155008,Myripristis seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,seychellensis,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 155009,Pseudobathylagus milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,BATHYLAGIDAE,Pseudobathylagus,milleri,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1898)", 155010,Scorpaenopsis ramaraoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,ramaraoi,,,,,"Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001", 155012,Sternoptyx obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Sternoptyx,obscura,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 155016,Orthopristis reddingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Orthopristis,reddingi,,,,,"Jordan & Richardson, 1895", 155025,Siganus rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,rivulatus,,,,,"Forsskål & Niebuhr, 1775", 155026,Pelates sexlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Pelates,sexlineatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)","Older records of this species from the western Indian Ocean are now thought to be misidentifications of Pelates quadrilineatus." 155035,Parapercis signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PINGUIPEDIDAE,Parapercis,signata,,,,,"Randall, 1984", 155037,Physiculus parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,parini,,,,,"Paulin, 1991", 155038,Percis matsuii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,AGONIDAE,Percis,matsuii,,,,,"Matsubara, 1936", 155039,Saurenchelys fierasfer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Saurenchelys,fierasfer,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 155042,Plesiops nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Plesiops,nigricans,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1828)", 155043,Decapterus russelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,russelli,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 155045,Merluccius hernandezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Merluccius,hernandezi,,,,,"Mathews, 1985",There remains some taxonomic debate surrounding the species status of Merluccius hernandezi (Lloris et al. 2003).  It was previously classed as belonging to the species M. angustimanus. 155048,Zoarchias neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,STICHAEIDAE,Zoarchias,neglectus,,,,,"Tanaka, 1908", 155049,Lepidotrigla kishinouyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,kishinouyi,,,,,"Snyder, 1911", 155052,Dactyloptena gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,DACTYLOPTERIDAE,Dactyloptena,gilberti,,,,,"Snyder, 1909", 155053,Phucocoetes latitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Phucocoetes,latitans,,,,,"Jenyns, 1842", 155054,Plagiogeneion macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Plagiogeneion,macrolepis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914", 155055,Himantolophus cornifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,cornifer,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 155056,Cyttus novaezealandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,CYTTIDAE,Cyttus,novaezealandiae,,,,,"(Arthur, 1885)", 155058,Hippoglossina stomata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Hippoglossina,stomata,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890", 155060,Lepidotrigla venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,venusta,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 155061,Pomacentrus callainus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Pomacentrus,callainus,,,,,"Randall, 2002", 155062,Dactylanthias aplodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Dactylanthias,aplodactylus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)","Dactylanthias aplodactylus is only known from a single specimen." 155063,Dicrolene hubrechti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,hubrechti,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 155065,Stelgistrum beringianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Stelgistrum,beringianum,,,,,"Gilbert & Burke, 1912", 155067,Pseudanthias caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,caudalis,,,,,"Kamohara & Katayama, 1959",Subfamily: Anthiinae 155069,Ophichthus melanoporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,melanoporus,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1963", 155071,Gorgasia maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Gorgasia,maculata,,,,,"Klausewitz & Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959", 155074,Patagonotothen cornucola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOTOTHENIIDAE,Patagonotothen,cornucola,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)", 155077,Lycenchelys monstrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycenchelys,monstrosa,,,,,"Anderson, 1982", 155078,Pterygotrigla hemisticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Pterygotrigla,hemisticta,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)", 155081,Hyperoglyphe perciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Hyperoglyphe,perciformis,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)","Preliminary molecular studies suggest that the genus Schedophilus is not monophyletic (Milana et al. 2011).

In the Mediterranean, this species is frequently confused with the con-familial Schedophilus ovalis (Stefanescu and Massutí 1992)." 155082,Eumicrotremus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,CYCLOPTERIDAE,Eumicrotremus,barbatus,,,,,"(Lindberg & Legeza, 1955)", 155085,Pseudocyttus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ZEIFORMES,OREOSOMATIDAE,Pseudocyttus,maculatus,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1906", 155087,Pseudopercis numida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PINGUIPEDIDAE,Pseudopercis,numida,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1903", 155088,Enophrys taurina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Enophrys,taurina,,,,,"Gilbert, 1914", 155089,Lutjanus decussatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,decussatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 155091,Enchelycore schismatorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Enchelycore,schismatorhynchus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 155093,Derichthys serpentinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,DERICHTHYIDAE,Derichthys,serpentinus,,,,,"Gill, 1884", 155106,Kali macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Kali,macrodon,,,,,"(Norman, 1929)", 155107,Monopenchelys acuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Monopenchelys,acuta,,,,,"(Parr, 1930)",The taxonomic status of populations of this species in different oceans needs to be investigated (R. Robertson pers. comm. 2015). 155110,Opistognathus scops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,scops,,,,,"(Jenkins & Evermann, 1889)", 155113,Saurida pseudotumbil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,pseudotumbil,,,,,"Dutt & Sagar, 1981","The genus Saurida is in urgent need of revision and the taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain (B. Russell pers. comm. 2009)" 155114,Diancistrus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Machida, 1996)", 155117,Melamphaes spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,spinifer,,,,," Ebeling, 1962", 155119,Odontesthes incisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Odontesthes,incisa,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1841)", 155122,Lycodes sadoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycodes,sadoensis,,,,,"Toyoshima & Honma, 1980", 155127,Pseudochromis omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,omanensis,,,,,"Gill & Mee, 1993", 155129,Pterois lunulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pterois,lunulata,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1843",This species may prove to be conspecific with Pterois russellii. 155131,Moringua edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MORINGUIDAE,Moringua,edwardsi,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1889)", 155132,Eustomias monodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,monodactylus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930",The species status of Eustomias monodactylus has recently been restored and it should no longer be considered a synonym of Eustomias filifer (Sutton and Hartel 2004). 155135,Sillago japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,japonica,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1843",This species is commonly misidentified as Sillago sihama. 155139,Patagonotothen thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOTOTHENIIDAE,Patagonotothen,thompsoni,,,,,"Balushkin, 1993", 155141,Kaupichthys brachychirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CHLOPSIDAE,Kaupichthys,brachychirus,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 155142,Laemonema rhodochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Laemonema,rhodochir,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 155143,Paraulopus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,maculatus,,,,,"(Kotthaus, 1967)", 155147,Hoplostethus metallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,metallicus,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 155148,Stygnobrotula latebricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Stygnobrotula,latebricola,,,,,"Böhlke, 1957", 155154,Paraliparis operculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,operculosus,,,,,"Andriashev, 1979", 155160,Hygophum proximum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,proximum,,,,,"Becker, 1965", 155161,Lycodes concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycodes,concolor,,,,,"Gill & Townsend, 1897", 155163,Haemulon striatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,striatum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 155164,Polydactylus microstomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,microstomus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 155171,Eleutheronema tridactylum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Eleutheronema,tridactylum,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 155172,Pontinus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pontinus,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1882)", 155175,Gerres infasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,infasciatus,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Kimura, 1998", 155176,Parupeneus crassilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,crassilabris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)","Parupeneus crassilabris is one of a complex of 3 species, along with P. insularis from the more eastern islands of Oceania, and P. trifasciatus from the Indian Ocean." 155177,Psenopsis anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Psenopsis,anomala,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)", 155178,Heteroconger klausewitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Heteroconger,klausewitzi,,,,,"(Eibl-Eibesfeldt & Köster, 1983)","This species is probably a junior synonym of Heteroconger pellegrini." 155179,Rhacochilus vacca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Rhacochilus,vacca,,,,,"(Girard, 1855)", 155184,Neobythites bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,bimaculatus,,,,,"Nielsen, 1997", 155185,Paraliparis obliquosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,obliquosus,,,,,"Chernova & Duhamel, 2003", 155189,Scopeloberyx opisthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,opisthopterus,,,,,"(Parr, 1933)", 155190,Simenchelys parasitica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Simenchelys,parasitica,,,,,"Gill, 1879", 155191,Nessorhamphus danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,DERICHTHYIDAE,Nessorhamphus,danae,,,,,"Schmidt, 1931", 155195,Ichthyococcus irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Ichthyococcus,irregularis,,,,,"Rechnitzer & Böhlke, 1958", 155197,Cotylopus acutipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cotylopus,acutipinnis,,,,,"Guichenot, 1863", 155198,Sebastes peduncularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,peduncularis,,,,,"Chen, 1975","Due to the small number of specimens and the range overlap with the similar species, Sebastes cortezi, the species status of Sebastes peduncularis is questioned (Love et al. 2002)." 155200,Parapercis xanthozona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PINGUIPEDIDAE,Parapercis,xanthozona,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 155202,Plicofollis platystomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Plicofollis,platystomus,,,,,"(Day, 1877)","The senior synonym has been changed from Arius platystomus (Day, 1877) to Plicofollis platystomus (Day, 1877) (Eschmeyer 2008)." 155204,Lycodes paamiuti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Lycodes,paamiuti,,,,,"Møller, 2001","Lycodes paamiuti has been previously treated as L. pallidus, L. frigidus, and L. squamiventer in the literature (Møller 2001)." 155208,Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,quadrispinosus,,,,,"Greenfield & Matsuura, 2002", 155209,Paralichthys schmitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,schmitti,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1933", 155210,Gobiesox multitentaculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,multitentaculus,,,,,"(Briggs, 1951)", 155211,Synaphobranchus oregoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Synaphobranchus,oregoni,,,,,"Castle, 1960", 155215,Dicologlossa cuneata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dicologlossa,cuneata,,,,,"(Moreau, 1881)", 155216,Icelinus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Icelinus,filamentosus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 155219,Paracentropogon vespa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Paracentropogon,vespa,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910", 155222,Pentaceros japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PENTACEROTIDAE,Pentaceros,japonicus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1883", 155223,Gobiopterus mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopterus,mindanensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1944)", 155224,Scorpaenodes hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,hirsutus,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)", 155227,Serrivomer lanceolatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SERRIVOMERIDAE,Serrivomer,lanceolatoides,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1916)", 155228,Parapercis atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PINGUIPEDIDAE,Parapercis,atlantica,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1887)", 155229,Nemateleotris magnifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Nemateleotris,magnifica,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 155230,Dolichopteryx anascopa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Dolichopteryx,anascopa,,,,,"Brauer, 1901", 155231,Meuschenia hippocrepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Meuschenia,hippocrepis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 155232,Rhamphocetichthys savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Rhamphocetichthys,savagei,,,,,"Paxton, 1989", 155233,Saurenchelys meteori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,NETTASTOMATIDAE,Saurenchelys,meteori,,,,,"Klausewitz & Zajonz, 2000", 155241,Hadropogonichthys lindbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Hadropogonichthys,lindbergi,,,,,"Fedorov, 1982", 155244,Nemipterus nemurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,nemurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)", 155245,Mulloidichthys dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mulloidichthys,dentatus,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)","Mulloidichthys dentatus is closely related to M. martinicus of the western Atlantic and M. vanicolensis, an Indo-Pacific species that also occurs in the region." 155246,Synaphobranchus kaupii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,SYNAPHOBRANCHIDAE,Synaphobranchus,kaupii,,,,,"Johnson, 1862", 155249,Myripristis formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,formosa,,,,,"Randall & Greenfield, 1996", 155254,Sebastes cortezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,cortezi,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1938)", 155255,Neopomacentrus bankieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Neopomacentrus,bankieri,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 155258,Scopelosaurus gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,gibbsi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 155262,Eustomias dinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,dinema,,,,,"Clarke, 1999", 155264,Lepidoperca filamenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Lepidoperca,filamenta,,,,,"Roberts, 1987", 155265,Malacocephalus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Malacocephalus,occidentalis,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1885", 155267,Hoplostethus marisrubri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,marisrubri,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1986", 155269,Opistognathus rosenblatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,rosenblatti,,,,,"Allen & Robertson, 1991", 155271,Pseudochromis dixurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,dixurus,,,,,"Lubbock, 1975", 155272,Nesogobius hinsbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Nesogobius,hinsbyi,,,,," (McCulloch & Ogilby, 1919)", 155278,Microgobius erectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Microgobius,erectus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1938", 155279,Liopropoma aberrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,aberrans,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","The “golden basses” off Curaçao are now comprised of three species: Liopropoma aberrans, L. olneyi, and L. santi (Baldwin and Robertson 2014)." 155281,Seriolella caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Seriolella,caerulea,,,,,"Guichenot, 1848", 155284,Pterogobius zonoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pterogobius,zonoleucus,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1901", 155286,Peristedion amblygenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,amblygenys,,,,,"Fowler, 1938","This species is easily confused with Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913 (Ho et al. 2013)." 155288,Lestidiops gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,gracilis,,,,,"(Ege, 1953)", 155289,Schedophilus pemarco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Schedophilus,pemarco,,,,,"(Poll, 1959)", 155291,Mugil incilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,incilis,,,,,"Hancock, 1830", 155293,Pomadasys panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 155295,Pseudanthias ignitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,ignitus,,,,,"(Randall & Lubbock, 1981)", 155296,Glossanodon pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ARGENTINIDAE,Glossanodon,pygmaeus,,,,,"Cohen, 1958", 155299,Eubalichthys caeruleoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Eubalichthys,caeruleoguttatus,,,,,"Hutchins, 1977", 155300,Pentapodus emeryii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Pentapodus,emeryii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1843)", 155301,Rhinomuraena quaesita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Rhinomuraena,quaesita,,,,,"Garman, 1888", 155302,Nectamia annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Nectamia,annularis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)", 155304,Pomacentrus milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Pomacentrus,milleri,,,,,"Taylor, 1964", 155306,Ricuzenius nudithorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Ricuzenius,nudithorax,,,,,"Bolin, 1936", 155307,Scorpaena hatizyoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,hatizyoensis,,,,,"Matsubara, 1943",Scorpaena hatizyoensis maybe a junior synonym of Sebastapistes mauritiana (H. Motomura pers. comm. 2008). 155309,Isacia conceptionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Isacia,conceptionis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 155316,Paralichthys aestuarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,aestuarius,,,,,"Gilbert & Scofield, 1898", 155317,Rainfordia opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Rainfordia,opercularis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1923", 155319,Obliquogobius turkayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Obliquogobius,turkayi,,,,,"Goren, 1992", 155322,Plectrogenium nanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLECTROGENIDAE,Plectrogenium,nanum,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 155323,Plectranthias bauchotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,bauchotae,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 155324,Paraliparis orcadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,orcadensis,,,,,"Matallanas & Pequeño, 2000", 155325,Ogcocephalus pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Ogcocephalus,pumilus,,,,,"Bradbury, 1980", 155328,Paratriacanthodes herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TRIACANTHODIDAE,Paratriacanthodes,herrei,,,,,"Myers, 1934", 155329,Ophichthus altipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Ophichthus,altipennis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 155330,Pomadasys maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,maculatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 158624,Porocephalichthys dasyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Porocephalichthys,dasyrhynchus,,,,,"(Cohen & Hutchins, 1982)","Formerly known as Dinematichthys dasyrhynchus." 158625,Odontanthias tapui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Odontanthias,tapui,,,,,"(Randall, Maugé & Plessis, 1979)", 158626,Nectamia fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Nectamia,fusca,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)","Apogon guamensis is a synonym. Apogon ocellatus and Apogon spongicolus are juvenile specimens of Apogon guamensis." 158627,Pseudanthias pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,pleurotaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1857)","This species was formerly known as Pseudanthias sheni." 158628,Nectamia zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Nectamia,zebrinus,,,,,"(Fraser, Randall & Lachner, 1999)","Genus changed from Apogon to Nectamia (Fraser 2008)." 164671,Walterinnesia aegyptia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Walterinnesia,aegyptia,,,,,"Lataste, 1887","Following Nilson and Rastegar-Pouyani 2007, Walterinnesia morgani is now recognised as being distinct from W. aegyptia." 164682,Stenodactylus grandiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,grandiceps,,,,,"Haas, 1952", 164683,Stenodactylus doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,doriae,,,,,"(Blanford, 1874)", 164729,Uromastyx aegyptia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,aegyptia,,,,,"(Forskål, 1775)","Due to low levels of genetic differentiation between members of the Uromastyx aegyptia species group (considered to include U. aegyptia, U. leptieni, U. microlepis and U. occidentalis), Wilms et al. (2007) recognize U. aegyptia as a single species with three subspecies: U. a. aegyptia, U. a. leptieni and U. a. microlepis.

The relationship of U. occidentalis, which was not included in genetic analysis, to U. aegyptia remains in need of clarification, however Wilms et al. (2007) continue to recognize it as a full species due to its geographical separation from the remaining U. aegyptia-group taxa." 165913,Paraliparis atramentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,LIPARIDAE,Paraliparis,atramentatus,,,,,"Gilbert & Burke, 1912", 166919,Gerres oyena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,oyena,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 190080,Remora osteochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Remora,osteochir,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 190090,Trichiurus lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Trichiurus,lepturus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Although considered a worldwide species by previous authors, T. lepturus is now known with certainty only from the western Atlantic and Indo-west Pacific. The eastern Atlantic population reported as this species is probably an undescribed species. There are multiple lines of evidence showing geographically-correlated divergence and supporting the treatment of at least 3 species in the T. lepturus complex (Chakrabarty and Iwatsuki 2006, Hsu et al. 2009). 

Trichiurus japonicus, which was originally described from Japan as Trichiurus lepturus japonicus, was synonymized with Trichiurus lepturus. Another nominal species synonymized with Trichiurus lepturus is Trichiurus nitens from the eastern Pacific Ocean (California to Peru)." 190116,Luvarus imperialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUVARIDAE,Luvarus,imperialis,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 190117,Decapterus macarellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,macarellus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 190123,Cheilopogon cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,EXOCOETIDAE,Cheilopogon,cyanopterus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","Gibbs and Staiger (1970) found some minor difference between the western and eastern Atlantic populations of C. cyanopterus (considered at that time as disjunct) in two meristic characters, visible number of vertebrae and number of predorsal scales. Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific populations of C. cyanopterus have been never compared.This species has been historically known as Cypselurus cyanopterus." 190125,Aluterus scriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Aluterus,scriptus,,,,,"(Osbeck, 1765)", 190139,Seriola fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,fasciata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 190156,Pristipomoides aquilonaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,aquilonaris,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 190183,Histrio histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Histrio,histrio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190205,Emmelichthyops atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Emmelichthyops,atlanticus,,,,,"Schultz, 1945",This species was previously placed under the family Inermiidae (Sanciangco et al. 2011). 190247,Orthopristis ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Orthopristis,ruber,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","
" 190279,Pomatomus saltatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMATOMIDAE,Pomatomus,saltatrix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 190330,Pterycombus brama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Pterycombus,brama,,,,,"Fries, 1837", 190332,Canthidermis sufflamen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Canthidermis,sufflamen,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)", 190363,Lactophrys triqueter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Lactophrys,triqueter,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190372,Pristipomoides macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Pristipomoides,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1848)", 190378,Regalecus glesne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,REGALECIDAE,Regalecus,glesne,,,,,"Ascanius, 1772", 190388,Selar crumenophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selar,crumenophthalmus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 190393,Echeneis naucrates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Echeneis,naucrates,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Taxonomic note: This species is difficult to distinguish from the closely related Echeneis neucratoides which occurs only in the western central Atlantic (O’Toole 2002) 190394,Taractichthys longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BRAMIDAE,Taractichthys,longipinnis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1843)", 190399,Sphyraena barracuda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,barracuda,,,,,"(Edwards, 1771)", 190418,Amblycirrhitus pinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Amblycirrhitus,pinos,,,,,"(Mowbray, 1927)", 190444,Canthidermis maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,BALISTIDAE,Canthidermis,maculata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)", 190445,Synodus poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,poeyi,,,,,"Jordan, 1887","Recent work indicates significant genetic divergence between specimens from deep waters off Central America and in the Gulf of Mexico, indicating the possibility that the name poeyi may represent two species (Baldwin et al. in press)." 190452,Naucrates ductor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Naucrates,ductor,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190461,Phtheirichthys lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Phtheirichthys,lineatus,,,,,"(Menzies, 1791)", 190481,Haemulon aurolineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,aurolineatum,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830","The northern populations of this species show genetic differences in comparison to the southern populations, and may be different species (L. Rocha pers. comm. 2014)" 190484,Synodus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,intermedius,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)","According to a redescription of this species by Frable et al. (2013), the taxonomic authority was changed from (Spix and Agassiz, 1829) to (Agassiz, 1829). Additionally, S. intermedius was split into a new species named S. macrostigmus." 190561,Magliophis exiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Magliophis,exiguus,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 190566,Alsophis antillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Alsophis,antillensis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 190567,Alsophis manselli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Alsophis,manselli,,,,,"Parker, 1933", 190573,Cubophis caymanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cubophis,caymanus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)", 190574,Cubophis fuscicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cubophis,fuscicauda,,,,,"(Garman, 1888)", 190575,Cubophis ruttyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cubophis,ruttyi,,,,,"(Grant, 1941)", 190576,Cubophis vudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Cubophis,vudii,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 190577,Haitiophis anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Haitiophis,anomalus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 190578,Hypsirhynchus callilaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,callilaemus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1851)","Grazziotin et al. (2012) does not agree with the placement of this species in Hypsirhynchus and places it instead in Schwartzophis, erected by Zaher et al. (2009) and subsequently treated as a junior synonym of Hypsirhynchus by other authors." 190579,Hypsirhynchus ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,ferox,,,,,"Günther, 1858", 190580,Hypsirhynchus funereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,funereus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","Grazziotin et al. (2012) does not agree with the placement of this species in Hypsirhynchusand places it instead in Schwartzophis, erected by Zaher et al. (2009) and subsequently treated as a junior synonym of Hypsirhynchus by other authors." 190581,Hypsirhynchus melanichnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,melanichnus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 190582,Hypsirhynchus parvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,parvifrons,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","Preliminary research indicates that Hypsirhynchus parvifrons is a species complex containing 9 species, mostly corresponding with known subspecific boundaries (Hedges et al. in prep.)" 190583,Hypsirhynchus polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,polylepis,,,,,"(Buden, 1966)", 190584,Hypsirhynchus scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hypsirhynchus,scalaris,,,,,"Cope, 1863", 190585,Ialtris agyrtes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ialtris,agyrtes,,,,,"Schwartz & Rossman, 1976",Grazziotin et al. (2012) argued that the synonymization of the genus Darlingtonia with Ialtris recommended by Hedges et al. (2009) is not justified given distinct morphological characteristics between the genera. Further taxonomic studies are recommended to clarify the generic assignment of the species.

. 190586,Ialtris dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ialtris,dorsalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",Grazziotin et al. (2012) argued that the synonymization of the genus Darlingtonia with Ialtris recommended by Hedges et al. (2009) is not justified given distinct morphological characteristics between the genera. Further taxonomic studies are recommended to clarify the status of the species. 190587,Ialtris haetianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ialtris,haetianus,,,,,"(Cochran, 1935)",Grazziotin et al. (2012) argued that the synonymization of the genus Darlingtonia with Ialtris recommended by Hedges et al. (2009) is not justified given distinct morphological characteristics between the genera. Further taxonomic studies are recommended to clarify the status of the species. 190588,Ialtris parishi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ialtris,parishi,,,,,"Cochran, 1932",Grazziotin et al. (2012) argued that the synonymization of the genus Darlingtonia with Ialtris done by Hedges et al. (2009) is not justified given distinct morphological characteristics between the genera. Further taxonomic studies are recommended to clarify the status of the species. 190589,Magliophis stahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Magliophis,stahli,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1904)", 190598,Uromacer catesbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Uromacer,catesbyi,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 190599,Uromacer frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Uromacer,frenatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)", 192937,Orthopristis chrysoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Orthopristis,chrysoptera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 193606,Diodon eydouxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Diodon,eydouxii,,,,,"Brisout de Barneville, 1846","This species has been confused with Diodon hystrix (Brito et al. 2002). This latter species is littoral, with a generally brown colouration and rounded anal and dorsal fins; D. eydouxii is, in contrast, a pelagic species, with back and sides blue and belly white, and pointed anal and dorsal fins (Leis 1978). Given its extremely wide distribution, genetic studies are warranted." 193634,Masturus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MOLIDAE,Masturus,lanceolatus,,,,,"(Liénard, 1840)","

The taxonomy of the genus Masturus is in need of further study. Earlier authors (e.g., Fraser-Brunner 1951) suggested that Masturus comprises two species: Ma. lanceolataus and Ma. oxyuropterus based on the degree of claval extension. Preliminary genetic data suggest Ma. lanceolatus is a single, global population with no structuring among ocean basins, but no global studies have examined the taxonomy or population structure of Ma. lanceolatus, and a global genetic analysis is warranted (see Caldera et al. 2020).

" 193752,Chilomycterus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Chilomycterus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Tyler (1980) tentatively recognized four species in this complex that have different distributions, based on his material examined and text: Chilomycterus atringa (western Atlantic); C. reticulatus (eastern Atlantic and Indo-Pacific); C. tigrinus (western Indian Ocean); and C. affinis (Eastern Pacific). However, Tyler (1980) said that C. tigrinus may be the young of C. reticulatus." 193816,Lactophrys trigonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,OSTRACIIDAE,Lactophrys,trigonus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 193817,Diodon holocanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,DIODONTIDAE,Diodon,holocanthus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",This species has a very wide distribution and a genetic analysis is warranted. Leis (1978) noted some differences in spine morphology between Pacific and north Atlantic specimens. 194266,Sphaerodactylus kirbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,kirbyi,,,,,"Lazell, 1994","It has been suggested that Sphaerodactylus kirbyi may be a junior synonym applied to several populations of S. vincenti (Daudin and de Silva 2007, citing F. Providence pers. comm.) More recent research has validated the recognition of S. kirbyi as a distinct species (e.g. Hite et al. 2008)." 194268,Amerotyphlops tasymicris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,tasymicris,,,,,"(Thomas, 1974)",Was previously listed on The IUCN Red List under the genus Typhlops but is now treated under Amerotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 194365,Lutjanus campechanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,campechanus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Several papers provide genetic evidence that Lutjanus purpureus, Caribbean Red Snapper, can be considered a synonym of L. campechanus (Gomes et al. 2008, Gomes et al. 2012). All assessors and reviewers agreed that L. campechanus and L. purpureus should be treated according to the many functional differences between the North American and Brazil populations and their massive and distinct biological and management literatures. {need to update this with info from Pedraza-Marron et al 2019 revision of campechanus and purpureus - C. Linardich April 2019}" 194414,Conodon nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Conodon,nobilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194415,Haemulon boschmae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,boschmae,,,,,"(Metzelaar, 1919)", 194416,Haemulon carbonarium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,carbonarium,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 194417,Haemulon chrysargyreum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,chrysargyreum,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 194419,Haemulon macrostomum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,macrostomum,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 194420,Haemulon melanurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,melanurum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194421,Haemulon parra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,parra,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1823)", 194436,Haemulopsis corvinaeformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulopsis,corvinaeformis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1868)","This species was previously known as Pomadasys corvinaeformis and all Haemulopsis species, like Pomadasys, are associated with softbottom habitats (Tavera et al. 2012)." 195038,Lampris guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,LAMPRIDAE,Lampris,guttatus,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1788)",Earlier records may have been recorded as Lampris guttatus or Lampris regius (Hawn and Collette 2012). Southern Ocean records pertain to a second species L. immaculata (Parin and Kukuyev 1983). The species may consist of multiple cryptic species (Hawn and Collette 2012). The correct spelling for the family Lampridae is Lamprididae (Olney in press). Genetic data suggests that there may be several species of Opah (B. Collette pers. comm. 2015). Further conformation of additional species may be found at (Underkoffler et al. 2018). 195858,Hyalinobatrachium bergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,bergeri,,,,,"(Cannatella, 1980)", 195859,Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,mondolfii,,,,,"Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2001", 195860,Hyalinobatrachium munozorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,munozorum,,,,,"(Lynch & Duellman, 1973)",Some of the specimens listed as C. munozorum by Duellman (1976) have been referred to C. bergeri by Cannatella (1980). 196597,Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,poecilopleurus,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1836)", 197429,Holcosus festivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,festivus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1856)", 198387,Micrurus nigrocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,nigrocinctus,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 198558,Priacanthus arenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,arenatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 198581,Sardinella aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,aurita,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847","Disjunct populations of S. aurita in the western and eastern Atlantic are in need of further study to determine their taxonomic status (Whitehead 1985). Sardinella brasiliensis is a species which has been described from the southeast Brazilian Bight and is a valid species according to Eschmeyer (Figueiredo et al. 2010). There are reports of sympatric occurrence with S. aurita in the Gulf of Mexico; however, these may be based on misidentifications (Kinsey et al. 1994). We accept the conclusions presented in Tringali and Wilson (1993) that S. brasiliensis is a junior subjective synonym of S. aurita." 198643,Seriola dumerili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,dumerili,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","This species is commonly misidentified as Seriola rivoliana and S. carpenteri, making market data unreliable (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2013)." 198650,Remora australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Remora,australis,,,,,"(Bennett, 1840)", 198651,Remora remora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Remora,remora,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 198676,Cubiceps gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Cubiceps,gracilis,,,,,"(Lowe, 1843)", 198925,Masticophis mentovarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Masticophis,mentovarius,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","The validity of the generic name Masticophis has been the subject of controversy ""for many years"" (Wilson et al. 2010), with some authors treating it as a synonym of Coluber. Limited taxon sampling has confounded efforts to resolve this question, with Nagy et al. (2004) finding no evidence for synonymy while a three-taxon study by Utiger et al. (2005) found M. flagellum to be nested within C. constrictor, although support for this conclusion was low (Wilson et al. 2010). More recent work involving broader taxon sampling within Masticophis and additional populations of C. constrictor found Masticophis to be monophyletic and sister to, rather than nested within, Coluber (Burbrink et al. 2008). Additional work to resolve the relationships between these and related genera is needed to resolve this issue, and is in preparation (R.A. Pyron pers. comm. October 2011). Research is also needed to resolve the position of the Central American M. mentovarius, which has not been included in these phylogenetic studies (Wilson et al. 2010). In the meantime this account follows Collins and Taggart (2008) and Wilson et al. (2010) in retaining Masticophis as a valid genus." 199833,Monodelphis handleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,handleyi,,,,,"Solari, 2007","The species was recently described based on cytochrome-b and morphological comparisons with other sympatric, and or co-generic species (e.g., Monondelphis peruviana, M. adusta, M. emiliae) (Solari 2007)." 203022,Celestus badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,badius,,,,,"Cope, 1868", 203023,Celestus barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,barbouri,,,,,"Grant, 1940", 203027,Celestus costatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,costatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","This species as presently understood consists of 11 subspecies, all occurring in the main island of Hispaniola or surrounding islands; it is considered to be a species complex (B. Hedges pers. comm. 2014)." 203029,Celestus darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,darlingtoni,,,,,"Cochran, 1939", 203030,Celestus haetianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,haetianus,,,,,"(Cochran, 1927)", 203033,Celestus macrotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,macrotus,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 1989", 203034,Celestus marcanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,marcanoi,,,,,"Schwartz & Incháustegui, 1976", 203037,Celestus stenurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,stenurus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 203058,Loxopholis southi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,southi,,,,,"(Ruthven & Gaige, 1924)", 203059,Ptychoglossus festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,festae,,,,,"(Peracca, 1896)", 203060,Ptychoglossus plicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,plicatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1949)", 203063,Ptychoglossus eurylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ptychoglossus,eurylepis,,,,,"Harris & Rueda, 1985", 203162,Polychrus jacquelinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,POLYCHROTIDAE,Polychrus,jacquelinae,,,,,"Koch, Venegas, Garcia-Bravo & Böhme, 2011", 203167,Aristelliger cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,cochranae,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 203168,Aristelliger expectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,expectatus,,,,,"Cochran, 1933",Preliminary research suggests that Aristelliger expectatus is a complex of six species; the results of this work are in the final stages of preparation (Hedges et al. in prep). The identification of taxa within this species complex was not a primary focus of this research and no formal taxonomic action is imminent (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2016). 203169,Aristelliger hechti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Aristelliger,hechti,,,,,"Schwartz & Crombie, 1975","Populations in northern Hispaniola long attributed to Aristelliger lar have recently been found to represent either Aristelliger hechti or an undescribed taxon close to A. hechti (S.B. Hedges, in prep.)." 203177,Sphaerodactylus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,lineolatus,,,,,"Lichtenstein & Von Martens, 1856", 203181,Holcosus leptophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,leptophrys,,,,,"(Cope, 1893)", 203194,Helminthophis flavoterminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Helminthophis,flavoterminatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1857)", 203200,Liotyphlops haadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,haadi,,,,,"Silva-Haad, Franco & Maldonado, 2008", 203213,Ungaliophis panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Ungaliophis,panamensis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1933", 203281,Chironius grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,grandisquamis,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)", 203287,Dendrophidion nuchale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,nuchale,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)","Dendrophidion clarkii Dunn, 1933 is excluded from this taxon and treated separately as a good species. The population in the Serranía de Perijá likely also occurs in Colombia and may represent a distinct species." 203290,Dendrophidion percarinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,percarinatum,,,,,"(Cope, 1893)","Records from southern Colombia and Ecuador previously assigned to this species are now considered to represent Dendrophidion prolixum, and those from central Colombia an undescribed species, following the revision by Cadle (2012)." 203295,Leptophis stimsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,stimsoni,,,,,"Harding, 1995", 203325,Tantilla reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,reticulata,,,,,"Cope, 1860", 203423,Sillago sihama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,sihama,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","There is ongoing taxonomic uncertainty involving this species. Golani et al. (2011, 2013) suggest that Sillago sihama is restricted to the southern Red Sea. Eschmeyer (2014) currently recognizes a distribution throughout the entire Indo-West Pacific, including the Red Sea." 203430,Atractus sanctaemartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,sanctaemartae,,,,,"Dunn, 1946", 203441,Clelia errabunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Clelia,errabunda,,,,,"Underwood, 1993", 203498,Diaphorolepis laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Diaphorolepis,laevis,,,,,"Werner, 1923", 203503,Dipsas temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,temporalis,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)", 203512,Erythrolamprus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,ocellatus,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 203513,Erythrolamprus pseudocorallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,pseudocorallus,,,,,"Roze, 1959", 203530,Geophis nigroalbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,nigroalbus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 203539,Leptodeira bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,bakeri,,,,,"Ruthven, 1936", 203548,Ninia atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,atrata,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1845)", 203617,Urotheca lateristriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,lateristriga,,,,,"(Berthold, 1859)","Specimens reported from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia require further review, in order to establish their taxonomic identity (Myers 1974). These records are not considered in this assessment, which considers the species endemic to the Pacific versant of the northern Andes." 203634,Epictia magnamaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,magnamaculata,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)","This snake has variously been considered a subspecies of either Leptotyphlops (=Epictia) goudoti or L. phenops (Wilson and Hahn 1973). These authors investigated its affinities and found no justification on morphlogical grounds for treating this form as a full species distinct from L. phenops, itself more recently treated as a subspecies of E. goudoti (see Uetz and Hallerman 2010 for attributions). Molecular data, however, indicate that this form is distinct from E. goudoti, and is indeed more closely-related to E. colombi (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009). On this basis, Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) resurrected E. magnamaculata as a full species." 203635,Tetracheilostoma bilineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tetracheilostoma,bilineatum,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)","Despite its restricted distribution, based on molecular evidence this species appears to be a species complex containing at least six species (Hedges in prep.)." 203636,Tetracheilostoma breuili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tetracheilostoma,breuili,,,,,"(Hedges, 2008)", 203637,Tetracheilostoma carlae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tetracheilostoma,carlae,,,,,"(Hedges, 2008)", 203646,Trilepida dugandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,dugandi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1944)", 13486169,Synodus synodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,synodus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The name Synodus synodus (Linnaeus 1758) (type locality: ""America"") has been widely used for this species. Genetic evidence indicates approximately 5-6% divergence in COI between eastern and western Atlantic populations indicating deep population structure or potential cryptic species within its lineage (Frable et al. 2013). This suggests that populations on either side of the Atlantic may represent distinct species. The nominal Synodus atlanticus (Johnson 1863) is currently available for this species.  However, further work is needed to stabilize the nomenclature." 15179004,Helicops danieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,danieli,,,,,"Amaral, 1938","Two museum records from the Madgalena Valley attributed to the Brazilian endemic Helicops carinicaudus are thought likely to be mislabelled H. danieli (Colombia checklist in prep.), and this assignment should be verified." 15181777,Philodryas cordata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,cordata,,,,,"Donnelly & Myers, 1991", 16404943,Aluterus monoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Aluterus,monoceros,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 16404974,Aluterus schoepfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Aluterus,schoepfii,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 16406979,Antennarius striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ANTENNARIIDAE,Antennarius,striatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)",There is molecular and morphological evidence available that Atlantic specimens identified as Antennarius striatus represent a separate species (Antennarius scaber) (Arnold and Pietsch 2012). Work is underway to resurrect the species (R. Arnold pers. comm. 2013). 16407132,Antigonia capros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAPROIDAE,Antigonia,capros,,,,,"Lowe, 1843","The higher taxonomy of this species is currently uncertain, though it is currently included in the family Caproidae (Perciformes). However, there is currently no evidence to suggest that the genera Antigonia and Capros belong in the same family (Heemstra in press). Some authors suggest that it should be placed in the Beryciformes due to otolith shape (Zehren 1987)." 16407645,Ariomma regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ARIOMMATIDAE,Ariomma,regulus,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 16431606,Cantherhines pullus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,pullus,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1842)", 16431757,Caranx lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,lugubris,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 16437187,Chloroscombrus chrysurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Chloroscombrus,chrysurus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","A geminate species, Chloroscombrus orqueta Jordan and Gilbert, occurs in the eastern Pacific Ocean (Smith-Vaniz FAO ECA Guide in prep). " 16439848,Decapterus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,punctatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 16440083,Echeneis neucratoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ECHENEIDAE,Echeneis,neucratoides,,,,,"Zuiew, 1789",The validity of this species is in question. Molecular evidence may identify it as Echeneis neucratoides as Echeneis naucrates (Gray et al. 2009). Occasional studies consider Echeneis neucratoides and Echeneis naucrates one species (O'Toole 1999). 16441651,Saurida normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,normani,,,,,"Longley, 1935", 16442540,Myripristis jacobus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,jacobus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 16447362,Sargocentron bullisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,bullisi,,,,,"(Woods, 1955)", 16507729,Uraspis secunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Uraspis,secunda,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","Taxonomic study needs to be conducted for this species complex. Adults of Uraspis helvola and U. secunda are virtually impossible to distinguish although juvenile characters involving allometric growth patterns suggest that they may be distinct species. If subsequent studies indicate that these two nominal species are conspecific, the oldest available name is Uraspis helvola. A complete description is given only for U. secunda because that name has been widely used for Atlantic Uraspis (Carpenter in prep.)." 16509426,Haemulon vittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Haemulon,vittatum,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","This species was previously known as Inermia vittata and formerly in the family Inermiidae. Genetic analyses published in Rocha et al. (2008) place it within the genus Haemulon, within the family Haemulidae. The new combination, Haemulon vittatum, is recognized by Eschmeyer and other recent publications." 16545253,Psenes cyanophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Psenes,cyanophrys,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1833", 16545256,Psenes pellucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOMEIDAE,Psenes,pellucidus,,,,,"Lütken, 1880", 16749737,Heteropriacanthus cruentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Heteropriacanthus,cruentatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","This species was previously known as Priacanthus cruentatas and Cookeolus boops." 16781113,Fistularia petimba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,FISTULARIIDAE,Fistularia,petimba,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803","Fistularia petimba has often wrongly been cited as the more common Fistularia commersonii (Randall et al. 1990)." 16781145,Monacanthus ciliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Monacanthus,ciliatus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)", 16781154,Monacanthus tuckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Monacanthus,tuckeri,,,,,"Bean, 1906", 16781168,Stephanolepis hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Stephanolepis,hispidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","In the field, this species is difficult to distinguish from Stephanolepis setifer (R. Robertson and J. Tyler pers. comm. 2015)." 18124163,Sargocentron praslin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,praslin,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 18124179,Sargocentron rubrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,rubrum,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 18158219,Alepes djedaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alepes,djedaba,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 18158262,Selar boops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selar,boops,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 18177499,Upeneus moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,moluccensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 18257780,Fistularia commersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,FISTULARIIDAE,Fistularia,commersonii,,,,,"Rüppell, 1838", 19922589,Pungitius tymensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,tymensis,,,,,"(Nikolskii, 1889)", 20253300,Alectis indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alectis,indica,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 20255775,Alepes apercna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alepes,apercna,,,,,"Grant, 1987", 20256067,Alepes kleinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Alepes,kleinii,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 20256729,Atule mate,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Atule,mate,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 20257324,Carangoides chrysophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,chrysophrys,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 20429419,Carangoides coeruleopinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,coeruleopinnatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 20429438,Carangoides dinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,dinema,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 20429448,Carangoides equula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,equula,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)","In Hawaii, this species has been referred to as Carangoides dasson. Easter Island occurrences are likely conspecific with the Hawaiian fish (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015). Taxonomic clarification is needed on the disjunct populations reported for this species." 20429455,Carangoides ferdau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,ferdau,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 20429462,Carangoides fulvoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,fulvoguttatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)",This species is likely often misidentified as Carangoides gymnostethus (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015). 20429774,Carangoides gymnostethus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,gymnostethus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)",This species is likely often misidentified as Carangoides fulvoguttatus (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015). 20429787,Carangoides hedlandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,hedlandensis,,,,,"(Whitley, 1934)","In regions of sympatry, Carangiodes hedlandensis is easily confused with Carngoides armatus." 20429793,Carangoides humerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,humerosus,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1915)", 20429800,Carangoides malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,malabaricus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)",This species can be easily confused with Carangoides talamparoides (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015). 20429854,Carangoides oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,oblongus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 20429869,Carangoides orthogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,orthogrammus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 20429950,Carangoides plagiotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,plagiotaenia,,,,,"Bleeker, 1857", 20430011,Carangoides talamparoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,talamparoides,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852",Carangoides talamparoides is easily confused with Carangoides malabaricus (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015). 20430563,Caranx heberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,heberi,,,,,"(Bennett, 1830)", 20430651,Caranx ignobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,ignobilis,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 20430679,Caranx melampygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,melampygus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1833", 20430774,Caranx papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,papuensis,,,,,"Alleyne & Macleay, 1877", 20430800,Caranx tille,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Caranx,tille,,,,,"Cuvier, 1833", 20431518,Decapterus macrosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,macrosoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851",This species has frequently been misidentified in the literature as Decapterus macarellus (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015). 20432145,Gnathanodon speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Gnathanodon,speciosus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 20432158,Megalaspis cordyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Megalaspis,cordyla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 20432226,Pantolabus radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Pantolabus,radiatus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1881)", 20434679,Scomberoides commersonnianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Scomberoides,commersonnianus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 20434766,Scomberoides lysan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Scomberoides,lysan,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 20435070,Scomberoides tala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Scomberoides,tala,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)", 20435185,Scomberoides tol,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Scomberoides,tol,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1832)", 20435470,Selaroides leptolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Selaroides,leptolepis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 20435675,Seriola hippos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,hippos,,,,,"Günther, 1876", 20435860,Seriola quinqueradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,quinqueradiata,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1845", 20435980,Seriolina nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriolina,nigrofasciata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)", 20436452,Trachinotus anak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,anak,,,,,"Ogilby, 1909", 20436473,Trachinotus baillonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,baillonii,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 20436497,Trachinotus blochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,blochii,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 20437309,Trachinotus coppingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Trachinotus,coppingeri,,,,,"Günther, 1884","

In much of the Australia literature, this species has been called Trachinotus velox (W. Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 2015).

" 20661580,Parasudis truculenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Parasudis,truculenta,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)", 20662040,Kryptophanaron alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Kryptophanaron,alfredi,,,,,"Silvester & Fowler, 1926", 20666166,Sphyraena borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPHYRAENIDAE,Sphyraena,borealis,,,,,"DeKay, 1842","Sphyraena picudilla, considered by some authors to be a different species, is here regarded as a junior synonym of S. borealis (for discussion see Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999)." 44578442,Bachia talpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,talpa,,,,,"Ruthven, 1925", 44578502,Cercosaura hypnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,hypnoides,,,,,"Doan & Lamarr, 2012", 44578593,Echinosaura orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Echinosaura,orcesi,,,,,"Fritts, Almendáriz & Samec, 2002", 44578680,Pholidobolus montium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Pholidobolus,montium,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 44578744,Riama afrania,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,afrania,,,,,"Arredondo & Sánchez-Pacheco, 2010", 44578753,Riama columbiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,columbiana,,,,,"(Andersson, 1914)", 44578783,Riama laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,laevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 44578828,Riama stellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Riama,stellae,,,,,"Sánchez-Pacheco, 2010", 44578867,Tretioscincus bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Tretioscincus,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Duméril in Duméril & Duméril, 1851)", 44579089,Marisora berengerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,berengerae,,,,,"(Miralles, 2006)", 44579133,Alinea lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Alinea,lanceolata,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 44579175,Alinea luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Alinea,luciae,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)", 44579189,Marisora pergravis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,pergravis,,,,,"(Barbour, 1921)", 44579298,Gonatodes riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,riveroi,,,,,"Sturaro & Avila-Pires, 2011", 44579307,Gonatodes vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,vittatus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1856)", 44579322,Lepidoblepharis duolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,duolepis,,,,,"Ayala & Castro, 1983", 44579386,Lepidoblepharis intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,intermedius,,,,,"Boulenger, 1914", 44579395,Lepidoblepharis microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,microlepis,,,,,"(Noble, 1923)",The validity of this species is in question (M. Calderon pers. comm. 2013) 44579408,Lepidoblepharis miyatai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,miyatai,,,,,"Lamar, 1985", 44579427,Lepidoblepharis peraccae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,peraccae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 44579436,Lepidoblepharis ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,ruthveni,,,,,"Parker, 1926", 44579472,Pseudogonatodes furvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pseudogonatodes,furvus,,,,,"Ruthven, 1915", 44579553,Ameiva bifrontata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,bifrontata,,,,,"Cope, 1862","Harvey et al. (2012) examined the type series of Ameiva bifrontata concolor, then understood to be a disjunct population of A. bifrontata confined to the Peruvian Andes. These authors recognize A. concolor as a separate species pending a full redescription. A. concolor was subsequently redescribed by Koch et al. (2013), who recognized the additional Peruvian species A. aggerecusans and A. nodam from within the former A. b. concolor." 44579579,Holcosus niceforoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Holcosus,niceforoi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1943)", 44579631,Diploglossus millepunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,millepunctatus,,,,,"O'Shaughnessy, 1874", 44579930,Stenocercus lache,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,lache,,,,,"Corredor, 1983", 44579939,Stenocercus santander,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,santander,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, 2007", 44579948,Stenocercus trachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,trachycephalus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)", 44580244,Atractus apophis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,apophis,,,,,"Passos & Lynch, 2010", 44580262,Atractus atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,atratus,,,,,"Passos & Lynch, 2010", 44580289,Atractus boulengerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,boulengerii,,,,,"Peracca, 1896", 44581078,Atractus indistinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,indistinctus,,,,,"Prado, 1940", 44581109,Atractus lasallei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,lasallei,,,,,"Amaral, 1931", 44581151,Atractus macondo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,macondo,,,,,"Passos, Lynch & Fernandes, 2009", 44581160,Atractus manizalesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,manizalesensis,,,,,"Prado, 1940",manizalensis - no s 44581178,Atractus melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,melanogaster,,,,,"Werner, 1916", 44581200,Atractus multicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,multicinctus,,,,,"(Jan in Jan & Sordelli, 1865)", 44581216,Atractus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,nasutus,,,,,"Passos, Fernandes & Lynch, 2009", 44581271,Atractus oculotemporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,oculotemporalis,,,,,"Amaral, 1932", 44581447,Dipsas baliomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,baliomelas,,,,,"Harvey, 2008", 44581998,Micrurus oligoanellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,oligoanellatus,,,,,"Ayerbe & López, 2002", 44582083,Micrurus spurrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,spurrelli,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 46080857,Carangoides bajad,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Carangoides,bajad,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 46081422,Ulua mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Ulua,mentalis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)", 46081534,Uraspis uraspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Uraspis,uraspis,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 46081926,Gerres longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,longirostris,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","Gerres britannus, G. poieti, and G. acinaces, and four other species, are considered synonyms of G. longirostris (Iwatsuki et al. 2001)." 46086162,Kyphosus cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Kyphosus,cinerascens,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","

Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families. Their study recognized 11 species in Kyphosidae, as well as one Neoscorpis, which is considered a distinct genus within Kyphosidae. Thus, there are 12 species total in the family Kyphosidae. However, Sakai and Nakabo (2014) have a different view on the taxonomy of the Atlantic species of Kyphosus and do not consider K. cinerascens to occur in the Atlantic Ocean.


Kyphosus lutescens and K. pacificus are now treated as synonyms of K. sectatrix. Both K. incisor and K. analogus are now considered synonyms of K. vaigiensis. K. pacificus/sandwicensis is a synonym of K. elegans. Before Knudsen and Clements (2013) it was thought that only two Kyphosids occurred in the Atlantic, but there are in fact four species, K. sectatrix, K. vaigiensis/incisor, K. bigibbus, and K. cinerascens.

" 46086532,Parupeneus heptacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,heptacanthus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 46086601,Parupeneus macronemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,macronemus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 46086703,Upeneus sundaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,sundaicus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)",This species is sometimes mis-identified as Upeneus sulphureus and Upeneus doriae. 46086775,Upeneus tragula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,tragula,,,,,"Richardson, 1846","Until recently, records of Upeneus tragula from the Indian Ocean were based on misidentifications of Upeneus heemstrai (Uiblein and Gouws 2014)." 46088346,Siganus canaliculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,canaliculatus,,,,,"(Park, 1797)",There is some uncertainty about the taxonomic validity of Siganus fuscescens versus S. canaliculatus.  46088399,Siganus javus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,javus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 46102713,Micrognathus andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Micrognathus,andersonii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 47102670,Capitellum mariagalantae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Capitellum,mariagalantae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47102682,Capitellum metallicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Capitellum,metallicum,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1879)", 47102733,Copeoglossum aurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Copeoglossum,aurae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47102774,Copeoglossum redondae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Copeoglossum,redondae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47102869,Mabuya hispaniolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,hispaniolae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47102881,Mabuya montserratae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,montserratae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47102893,Mabuya mabouya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mabuya,mabouya,,,,,"(Bonaterre, 1789)", 47103121,Spondylurus anegadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,anegadae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47103133,Spondylurus caicosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,caicosae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47103157,Spondylurus fulgidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,fulgidus,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 47103175,Spondylurus haitiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,haitiae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47103187,Spondylurus lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,lineolatus,,,,,"(Noble & Hassler, 1933)", 47103206,Spondylurus macleani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,macleani,,,,,"(Mayer & Lazell, 2000)", 47103236,Spondylurus martinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,martinae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47103344,Spondylurus turksae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Spondylurus,turksae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 47139706,Acanthurus tractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ACANTHURIDAE,Acanthurus,tractus,,,,,"Poey, 1860",This species was recently revalidated based on genetic and morphological data (Bernal and Rocha 2011). Acanthurus bahianus is now considered to be endemic to Brazil. 47139816,Protammodytes sarisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMMODYTIDAE,Protammodytes,sarisa,,,,,"(Robins & Böhlke, 1970)", 47145752,Urophycis earllii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,PHYCIDAE,Urophycis,earllii,,,,,"(Bean, 1880)", 47145793,Urophycis floridana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,PHYCIDAE,Urophycis,floridana,,,,,"(Bean & Dresel, 1884)", 47145877,Urophycis regia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,PHYCIDAE,Urophycis,regia,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 47407717,Upeneus vanuatu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,vanuatu,,,,,"Uiblein & Causse, 2013", 47766841,Oecomys concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oecomys,concolor,,,,,"(Wagner, 1845)", 47778059,Rhipidomys nitela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Rhipidomys,nitela,,,,,"Thomas, 1901", 47783095,Scarturus elater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Scarturus,elater,,,,,"(H. Lichtenstein, 1825)", 47804700,Heteromys desmarestianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Heteromys,desmarestianus,,,,,"Gray, 1868", 48018502,Praomys tullbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Praomys,tullbergi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","This is a species complex, the specimens from southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and northwestern Angola are probably a new species which is not yet described, while the specimens from north central Angola represent another new species which is currently in press (E. van der Straeten pers. comm.)." 48265359,Pseudohydromys murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,murinus,,,,,"Rümmler, 1934","This is a species complex that consisted of four different species; previous assessments of P. murinus treated all four species as one, waiting for the separate splits to be formally published (K. Helgen pers. comm).

In 2009, Helgen and Helgen formerly described P. eleanorae, a split from P. murinus. Hence, P. murinus here currently consists of three species." 48266448,Pseudohydromys occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudohydromys,occidentalis,,,,,"Tate, 1951", 48283601,Proctoporus chasqui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,chasqui,,,,,"(Chávez, Siu-Ting, Duran & Venegas, 2011)", 48303074,Eligmodontia typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Eligmodontia,typus,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1837", 48443321,Phyllodactylus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,pulcher,,,,,"Gray, 1830", 48443729,Phyllodactylus julieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,julieni,,,,,"Cope, 1885", 48443813,Phyllodactylus martini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,martini,,,,,"Lidth de Jeude, 1887", 49845690,Thamnodynastes ceibae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,ceibae,,,,,"Bailey & Thomas, 2007", 49845706,Thamnodynastes chimanta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,chimanta,,,,,"Roze, 1958", 49845716,Thamnodynastes duida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,duida,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 1996", 50008907,Ameiva atrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,atrigularis,,,,,"Garman, 1887",This species was described from within the Ameiva ameiva species complex (Ugueto and Harvey 2011). 50009374,Ameiva alboguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,alboguttata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896", 50011969,Cnemidophorus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,murinus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)", 50012123,Cnemidophorus ruthveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,ruthveni,,,,,"Burt, 1935", 50902961,Pentaprion longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Pentaprion,longimanus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)", 50903119,Mulloidichthys flavolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mulloidichthys,flavolineatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 50903138,Upeneus sulphureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,sulphureus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 50903183,Upeneus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,vittatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 50903263,Paramonacanthus choirocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,choirocephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 50956042,Erythrolamprus ingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,ingeri,,,,,"(Roze, 1958)", 50956271,Erythrolamprus torrenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,torrenicola,,,,,"(Donnelly & Myers, 1991)", 50956309,Erythrolamprus triscalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,triscalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 50956478,Epictia columbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,columbi,,,,,"(Klauber, 1939)", 50989092,Proctoporus kiziriani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Proctoporus,kiziriani,,,,,"Goicoechea, Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher & de la Riva, 2013", 56234142,Homonota gaudichaudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Homonota,gaudichaudii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)", 56852298,Kyphosus bigibbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KYPHOSIDAE,Kyphosus,bigibbus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801","Due to previous difficulties in the correct identification of the species, the records prior to 2013 are difficult to verify, and therefore the species' distribution in northeastern Atlantic waters is unknown for now. However, Sakai and Nakabo (2014) have a different view on the taxonomy of the Atlantic species of Kyphosus and do not consider K. bigibbus to occur in the Atlantic Ocean.

Knudsen and Clements (2013) recently revised the family Kyphosidae. They determined that microcanthids, oplegnathids, kuhliids and terapontids are more closely related to Kyphosus than is Girella. Knudsen and Clements (2013) concluded that Girella, Scorpis, and Kyphosus should not be included within the same family and instead, be separated as individual families. Their study recognized 11 species in Kyphosidae, as well as one Neoscorpis, which is considered a distinct genus within Kyphosidae. Thus, there are 12 species total in the family Kyphosidae. 

Kyphosus lutescens and K. pacificus are now treated as synonyms of K. sectatrix. Both K. incisor and K. analogus are now considered synonyms of K. vaigiensis. K. pacificus/sandwicensis is a synonym of K. elegans. Before Knudsen and Clements (2013) it was thought that only two Kyphosids occurred in the Atlantic, but there are in fact four species, K. sectatrix, K. vaigiensis/incisor, K. bigibbus, and K. cinerascens." 65134524,Aulorhynchus flavidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,AULORHYNCHIDAE,Aulorhynchus,flavidus,,,,,"Gill, 1861", 65134839,Hypoptychus dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,HYPOPTYCHIDAE,Hypoptychus,dybowskii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1880", 65363244,Solenostomus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SOLENOSTOMIDAE,Solenostomus,armatus,,,,,"Weber, 1913","Sado and Kimura (2005) suggest that S. armatus is a synonym of S. leptosoma (sic - the correct Latin formulation of the name is leptosomus - see Eschmeyer et al. 2016), however they don't provide any rationale for this." 65363316,Solenostomus cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SOLENOSTOMIDAE,Solenostomus,cyanopterus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1854", 65363378,Solenostomus halimeda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SOLENOSTOMIDAE,Solenostomus,halimeda,,,,,"Orr, Fritzsche & Randall, 2002", 65363417,Solenostomus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SOLENOSTOMIDAE,Solenostomus,paradoxus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)", 65363473,Acentronura gracilissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Acentronura,gracilissima,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 65363628,Bhanotia fasciolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bhanotia,fasciolata,,,,,"(Duméril, 1870)", 65363696,Bhanotia pauciradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bhanotia,pauciradiata,,,,,"Allen & Kuiter, 1995", 65363711,Bulbonaricus brauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bulbonaricus,brauni,,,,,"(Dawson & Allen, 1978)", 65363860,Bulbonaricus brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bulbonaricus,brucei,,,,,"Dawson, 1984", 65363869,Bulbonaricus davaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Bulbonaricus,davaoensis,,,,,"(Herald, 1953)", 65364120,Campichthys galei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Campichthys,galei,,,,,"(Duncker, 1909)", 65364143,Campichthys nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Campichthys,nanus,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 65364147,Campichthys tricarinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Campichthys,tricarinatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 65364201,Campichthys tryoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Campichthys,tryoni,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1890)", 65364515,Choeroichthys cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Choeroichthys,cinctus,,,,,"Dawson, 1976", 65364553,Choeroichthys sculptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Choeroichthys,sculptus,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)", 65364594,Choeroichthys smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Choeroichthys,smithi,,,,,"Dawson, 1976", 65364789,Choeroichthys suillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Choeroichthys,suillus,,,,,"Whitley, 1951", 65364895,Corythoichthys insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,insularis,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 65364931,Corythoichthys intestinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,intestinalis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1881)","Corythoichthys waitei was considered a synonym of C. intestinalis because of a lack of morphological differences by Dawson (1985). Kuiter (2000, 2009) resurrected the name and considered the species valid based on the fact that it ""has a longer snout which is strongly marked with black lines"". Further morphological and/or molecular data are needed in order to consider C. waitei a valid species; meanwhile it is here included as a synonym of C. intestinalis." 65365012,Corythoichthys nigripectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,nigripectus,,,,,"Herald, 1953", 65365054,Corythoichthys ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,ocellatus,,,,,"Herald, 1953", 65365090,Corythoichthys paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,paxtoni,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 65365100,Corythoichthys schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,schultzi,,,,,"Herald, 1953", 65365107,Corythoichthys polynotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Corythoichthys,polynotatus,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 65365349,Cosmocampus balli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,balli,,,,,"(Fowler, 1925)", 65365681,Cosmocampus banneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,banneri,,,,,"(Herald & Randall, 1972)", 65365759,Cosmocampus darrosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,darrosanus,,,,,"(Dawson & Randall, 1975)", 65365798,Cosmocampus heraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,heraldi,,,,,"(Fritzsche, 1980)", 65365975,Cosmocampus profundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,profundus,,,,,"(Herald, 1965)", 65366073,Doryrhamphus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryrhamphus,japonicus,,,,,"Araga & Yoshino, 1975", 65366280,Doryrhamphus negrosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryrhamphus,negrosensis,,,,,"Herre, 1934", 65366377,Dunckerocampus baldwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Dunckerocampus,baldwini,,,,,"Herald & Randall, 1972","Various authors ascribe the name Dunckerocampus to either a separate genus (Kuiter 2000, 2009) or as a subgenus of Doryrhamphus (Dawson 1985). Dunckerocampus is treated here as a separate genus." 65366455,Dunckerocampus boylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Dunckerocampus,boylei,,,,,"Kuiter, 1998","Various authors ascribe the name Dunckerocampus to either a separate genus (Kuiter 2000, 2009) or as a subgenus of Doryrhamphus (Dawson 1985). Dunckerocampus is treated here as a separate species.

Molecular work is needed to confirm that this species is in fact different from D. dactyliophorus. Most species, including D. boylei, are distinguished solely based on colour patterns and tail markings (Kuiter 1998)." 65366458,Dunckerocampus chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Dunckerocampus,chapmani,,,,,"Herald, 1953","Various authors ascribe the name Dunckerocampus to either a separate genus (Kuiter 2000, 2009) or as a subgenus of Doryrhamphus (Dawson 1985). Dunckerocampus is treated here as a separate species This species was originally described as a subspecies of D. caullleryi, which is a synonym of D. dactyliophorus (Bleeker, 1853). Dawson (1985) deemed it a valid separate species." 65366672,Dunckerocampus multiannulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Dunckerocampus,multiannulatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)","Various authors ascribe the name Dunckerocampus to either a separate genus (Kuiter 2000, 2009) or as a subgenus of Doryrhamphus (Dawson 1985). Dunckerocampus is treated here as a separate genus." 65367059,Dunckerocampus pessuliferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Dunckerocampus,pessuliferus,,,,,"Fowler, 1938","Dawson (1985) considered Dunckerocampus to be a subgenus of Doryrhamphus. Kuiter (1998) separates the two as distinct genera, stating that morphological differences between the two are sufficient for this (although he doesn't make these differences explicit). Dunckerocampus is treated here as a separate genus." 65367364,Festucalex wassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Festucalex,wassi,,,,,"Dawson, 1977", 65367594,Halicampus macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,macrorhynchus,,,,,"Bamber, 1915", 65367655,Halicampus marquesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,marquesensis,,,,,"Dawson, 1984", 65367712,Halicampus mataafae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,mataafae,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1906)", 65367783,Halicampus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Halicampus,nitidus,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 65368085,Heraldia nocturna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Heraldia,nocturna,,,,,"Paxton, 1975", 65368802,Acentronura larsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Acentronura,larsonae,,,,,"Dawson, 1984",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Idiotropiscis to be a subgenus of Acentronura. 65369051,Acentronura lumnitzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Acentronura,lumnitzeri,,,,,"(Kuiter, 2004)",Dawson (1984) and most later authors consider Idiotropiscis to be a subgenus of Acentronura. 65369161,Kaupus costatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Kaupus,costatus,,,,,"(Waite & Hale, 1921)", 65369313,Leptoichthys fistularius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Leptoichthys,fistularius,,,,,"Kaup, 1853", 65369760,Leptonotus blainvilleanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Leptonotus,blainvilleanus,,,,,"(Eydoux & Gervais, 1837)", 65369844,Leptonotus elevatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Leptonotus,elevatus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1872)", 65369867,Leptonotus norae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Leptonotus,norae,,,,,"(Waite, 1910)", 65370029,Lissocampus bannwarthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Lissocampus,bannwarthi,,,,,"(Duncker, 1915)", 65370289,Lissocampus runa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Lissocampus,runa,,,,,"(Whitley, 1931)", 65370522,Micrognathus brevicorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Micrognathus,brevicorpus,,,,,"Fricke, 2004","The description of this species (Fricke 2004) failed to compare it to the congenerics Micrognathus brevirostris pygmaeus and M. natans, both of which were noted as being present in New Caledonia by Dawson (1985). Kuiter (2009) suggested that M. brevicorpus may in fact be a synonym of M. pygmaeus, which he considered a full species as opposed to Dawson's (1985) assignment to subspecies status - M. b. pygmaeus. The specimens for all of the aforementioned species show only minor differences in meristic counts (Dawson 1985, Fricke 2004). Further taxonomic research and DNA analyses are needed to understand the diversity of this genus, especially in New Caledonia." 65370525,Micrognathus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Micrognathus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 65370734,Micrognathus erugatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Micrognathus,erugatus,,,,,"Herald & Dawson, 1974", 65370744,Micrognathus micronotopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Micrognathus,micronotopterus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 65370765,Micrognathus natans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Micrognathus,natans,,,,,"Dawson, 1982", 65371161,Minyichthys brachyrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Minyichthys,brachyrhinus,,,,,"(Herald, 1953)", 65371194,Minyichthys myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Minyichthys,myersi,,,,,"(Herald & Randall, 1972)", 65371373,Mitotichthys meraculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Mitotichthys,meraculus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1948)", 65371669,Mitotichthys mollisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Mitotichthys,mollisoni,,,,,"(Scott, 1955)", 65371695,Mitotichthys semistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Mitotichthys,semistriatus,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 65371889,Mitotichthys tuckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Mitotichthys,tuckeri,,,,,"(Scott, 1942)", 65372127,Nannocampus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Nannocampus,pictus,,,,,"(Duncker, 1915)", 65372227,Nannocampus subosseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Nannocampus,subosseus,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 65372290,Nannocampus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Nannocampus,weberi,,,,,"Duncker, 1915", 65372435,Notiocampus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Notiocampus,ruber,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 65372543,Penetopteryx taeniocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Penetopteryx,taeniocephalus,,,,,"Lunel, 1881", 65373278,Pseudophallus mindii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Pseudophallus,mindii,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)"," Pseudophallus brasiliensis Dawson 1974 is a junior synonym of P. mindii. Dawson (1974) originally described P. brasiliensis based on low meristic counts in Brazil compared to the previously described P. mindii. Later research revealed similar or lower counts in other parts of the range of P. mindii, indicating that the two are one and the same (Dawson 1982). From Dawson (1982): ""Specimens with low counts from the Amazon drainage were described as P. brasiliensis, but samples with similar or lower counts have subsequently been examined from the Orinoco River and Lake Izabal, Guatemala. In the apparent absence of consistent differences in coloration or other morphological features, these specimens are considered to represent local populations of P. mindii wherein low meristic values result from unknown environmental influences.""" 65375205,Trachyrhamphus serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Trachyrhamphus,serratus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 65375397,Urocampus carinirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Urocampus,carinirostris,,,,,"Castelnau, 1872", 65375420,Urocampus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Urocampus,nanus,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 66082979,Gonatodes antillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,antillensis,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1887)", 66083676,Gonatodes ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,ocellatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 67611203,Atractus ventrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,ventrimaculatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1905", 67869125,Myripristis adusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,adusta,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 67869551,Myripristis amaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,amaena,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1873)", 67869566,Myripristis berndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,berndti,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 67869953,Myripristis botche,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,botche,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 67869958,Myripristis chryseres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,chryseres,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1903", 67869976,Myripristis earlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,earlei,,,,,"Randall, Allen & Robertson, 2003", 67870015,Myripristis hexagona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,hexagona,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 67871020,Myripristis kuntee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,kuntee,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1831", 67871036,Myripristis murdjan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,murdjan,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 67871071,Myripristis randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,randalli,,,,,"Greenfield, 1974", 67871080,Myripristis tiki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,tiki,,,,,"Greenfield, 1974", 67871084,Myripristis violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,violacea,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 67871116,Myripristis vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,vittata,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1831", 67871136,Myripristis woodsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Myripristis,woodsi,,,,,"Greenfield, 1974", 67871143,Neoniphon argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Neoniphon,argenteus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)", 67871203,Neoniphon aurolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Neoniphon,aurolineatus,,,,,"(Liénard, 1839)", 67871260,Neoniphon opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Neoniphon,opercularis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)", 67871355,Neoniphon sammara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Neoniphon,sammara,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 67899355,Ostichthys archiepiscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,archiepiscopus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1862)", 67899421,Ostichthys brachygnathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,brachygnathus,,,,,"Randall & Myers, 1993", 67899512,Ostichthys delta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,delta,,,,,"Randall, Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1982", 67899637,Ostichthys kaianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,kaianus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 67899687,Ostichthys hypsipterygion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,hypsipterygion,,,,,"Randall, Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1982", 67899690,Ostichthys japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,japonicus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 67899725,Ostichthys ovaloculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,ovaloculus,,,,,"Randall & Wrobel, 1988", 67899781,Ostichthys sandix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Ostichthys,sandix,,,,,"Randall, Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1982", 67899991,Plectrypops lima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Plectrypops,lima,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)", 67900591,Pristilepis oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Pristilepis,oligolepis,,,,,"(Whitley, 1941)", 67900607,Sargocentron caudimaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,caudimaculatum,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 67900621,Sargocentron cornutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,cornutum,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 67901205,Sargocentron diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,diadema,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 67901306,Sargocentron dorsomaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,dorsomaculatum,,,,,"(Shimizu & Yamakawa, 1979)", 67902046,Sargocentron ensifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,ensifer,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1903)", 67902071,Sargocentron hormion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,hormion,,,,,"Randall, 1998", 67902084,Sargocentron inaequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,inaequalis,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 1985", 67902088,Sargocentron iota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,iota,,,,,"Randall, 1998", 67902103,Sargocentron ittodai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,ittodai,,,,,"(Jordan & Fowler, 1902)", 67902620,Sargocentron lepros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,lepros,,,,,"(Allen & Cross, 1983)", 67902640,Sargocentron megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,megalops,,,,,"Randall, 1998", 67902657,Sargocentron melanospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,melanospilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 67902908,Sargocentron microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,microstoma,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 67902985,Sargocentron punctatissimum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,punctatissimum,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 67903042,Sargocentron spiniferum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,spiniferum,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 67903074,Sargocentron spinosissimum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,spinosissimum,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)", 67903124,Sargocentron tiere,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,tiere,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 67903149,Sargocentron tiereoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,tiereoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 67903174,Sargocentron violaceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,violaceum,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 67903264,Sargocentron xantherythrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,HOLOCENTRIDAE,Sargocentron,xantherythrum,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1903)", 67903537,Alabes parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Alabes,parvula,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1909)", 67903591,Alabes springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Alabes,springeri,,,,,"Hutchins, 2006", 67904147,Diademichthys lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Diademichthys,lineatus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)", 67905401,Discotrema crinophilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Discotrema,crinophilum,,,,,"Briggs, 1976", 67905414,Discotrema monogrammum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Discotrema,monogrammum,,,,,"Craig & Randall, 2008", 67905433,Discotrema zonatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Discotrema,zonatum,,,,,"Craig & Randall, 2008", 67905470,Lepadichthys bolini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,bolini,,,,,"Briggs, 1962", 67905489,Lepadichthys caritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,caritus,,,,,"Briggs, 1969", 67905515,Lepadichthys frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,frenatus,,,,,"Waite, 1904", 67905532,Lepadichthys minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,minor,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 67905646,Liobranchia stria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Liobranchia,stria,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 67905735,Pherallodus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Pherallodus,indicus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 67968365,Syngnathus safina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Syngnathus,safina,,,,,"Paulus, 1992", 67970335,Ulua aurochs,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Ulua,aurochs,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1915)", 67996575,Amblycirrhitus bimacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Amblycirrhitus,bimacula,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)", 67996584,Cirrhitops hubbardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitops,hubbardi,,,,,"(Schultz, 1943)","The highly separated distribution of this species suggests that it is either more widely distributed than current records indicate, or that the Japanese records represent a distinct species (D. Greenfield pers. comm. 2015)." 67996744,Amblycirrhitus unimacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Amblycirrhitus,unimacula,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1957)", 67996765,Itycirrhitus wilhelmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Itycirrhitus,wilhelmi,,,,,"(Lavenberg & Yañez, 1972)", 67997172,Cirrhitichthys aprinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitichthys,aprinus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 67997318,Cirrhitichthys falco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitichthys,falco,,,,,"Randall, 1963", 67997668,Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitichthys,oxycephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 67997694,Cirrhitops fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitops,fasciatus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1828)", 67997714,Cirrhitus albopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitus,albopunctatus,,,,,"Schultz, 1950", 67997787,Cirrhitus pinnulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cirrhitus,pinnulatus,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)","Cirrhitus pinnulatus is separated into two subspecies C. pinnulatus pinnulatus and C. pinnulatus maculosus. It was determined that C. pinnulatus found in the Red Sea was a separate species and was reclassified as C. spilotoceps (Gaither and Randall 2013). This species is known from the Red Sea and Gulf of Oman (Gaither and Randall 2013); records of C. pinnulatus from East Africa south to Port Alfred, South Africa and elsewhere in the Indian Ocean may also pertain to S. spilotoceps." 67997808,Cyprinocirrhites polyactis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Cyprinocirrhites,polyactis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1874)", 67997819,Isocirrhitus sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Isocirrhitus,sexfasciatus,,,,,"(Schultz, 1960)", 67997836,Neocirrhites armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Neocirrhites,armatus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1873", 67997845,Notocirrhitus splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Notocirrhitus,splendens,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1889)", 67997854,Oxycirrhites typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Oxycirrhites,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1857", 67997869,Paracirrhites arcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Paracirrhites,arcatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 67997876,Paracirrhites bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Paracirrhites,bicolor,,,,,"Randall, 1963", 67997879,Paracirrhites forsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Paracirrhites,forsteri,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)", 67997886,Paracirrhites hemistictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Paracirrhites,hemistictus,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 67997893,Paracirrhites nisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Paracirrhites,nisus,,,,,"Randall, 1963", 67997896,Paracirrhites xanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CIRRHITIDAE,Paracirrhites,xanthus,,,,,"Randall, 1963", 67999325,Crystallodytes cookei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CREEDIIDAE,Crystallodytes,cookei,,,,,"Fowler, 1923", 67999339,Crystallodytes enderburyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CREEDIIDAE,Crystallodytes,enderburyensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 68000633,Limnichthys fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CREEDIIDAE,Limnichthys,fasciatus,,,,,"Waite, 1904", 68000804,Limnichthys nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CREEDIIDAE,Limnichthys,nitidus,,,,,"Smith, 1958", 68324528,Gerres erythrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,erythrourus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1791)","Species in the family Gerreidae are difficult to identify, even by specialists familiar with the group. Therefore, individual species' population trends are difficult to document, as species are often harvested and grouped as a single species." 68324675,Gerres oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,oblongus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 68324892,Gerres subfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Gerres,subfasciatus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 68398868,Lutjanus timoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,timoriensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)",Some reports of this species may have been based on misidentifications of Lutjanus malabaricus. 69181822,Mulloidichthys mimicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mulloidichthys,mimicus,,,,,"Randall & Guézé, 1980", 69181847,Mulloidichthys pfluegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mulloidichthys,pfluegeri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1900)", 69181884,Mulloidichthys vanicolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mulloidichthys,vanicolensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)", 69181934,Parupeneus barberinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,barberinoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 69181941,Parupeneus barberinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,barberinus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 69181948,Parupeneus chrysonemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,chrysonemus,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1903)", 69181969,Parupeneus ciliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,ciliatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 69182011,Parupeneus cyclostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,cyclostomus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 69182291,Parupeneus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,insularis,,,,,"Randall & Myers, 2002","Due to recent taxonomic changes within the genus Parupeneus, the abundance and population status of P. insularis is not fully understood." 69182614,Parupeneus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,indicus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1803)", 69182673,Parupeneus jansenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,jansenii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 69182687,Parupeneus louise,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,louise,,,,,"Randall, 2004", 69182717,Parupeneus moffitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,moffitti,,,,,"Randall & Myers, 1993", 69182861,Parupeneus pleurostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,pleurostigma,,,,,"(Bennett, 1831)", 69182988,Parupeneus porphyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,porphyreus,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1903)", 69183023,Parupeneus spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,spilurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 69538564,Upeneichthys lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneichthys,lineatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 69538573,Upeneus australiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,australiae,,,,,"Kim & Nakaya, 2002", 69538576,Upeneus francisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,francisi,,,,,"Randall & Guézé, 1992", 69538579,Upeneus mouthami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,mouthami,,,,,"Randall & Kulbicki, 2006", 69538589,Upeneus taeniopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,taeniopterus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","Until recently, Upeneus arge was recognized as a valid species.  It is now considered a synonym of Upeneus taeniopterus (Uiblein & Heemstra 2010, Eschmeyer 2015)." 69544768,Opistognathus solorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,solorensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 69544771,Opistognathus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,variabilis,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2009","This species has several color morphs; in the type locality females are orange and males are usually blue (Smith-Vaniz 2009). There are many variations in meristic values, morphometrics, and color pattern in allopatric populations of O. variabilis (Smith-Vaniz 2009)." 69544846,Stalix histrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Stalix,histrio,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1902", 69583335,Amsichthys knighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Amsichthys,knighti,,,,,"(Allen, 1987)", 69583348,Cypho purpurascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Cypho,purpurascens,,,,,"(De Vis, 1884)", 69583361,Lubbockichthys multisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Lubbockichthys,multisquamatus,,,,,"(Allen, 1987)", 69583368,Lubbockichthys myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Lubbockichthys,myersi,,,,,"Gill & Edwards, 2006", 69583371,Manonichthys polynemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Manonichthys,polynemus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1931)", 69583382,Ogilbyina salvati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Ogilbyina,salvati,,,,,"(Plessis & Fourmanoir, 1966)", 69583393,Pictichromis paccagnellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pictichromis,paccagnellae,,,,,"(Axelrod, 1973)", 69583400,Pictichromis porphyrea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pictichromis,porphyrea,,,,,"(Lubbock & Goldman, 1974)", 69583407,Pseudochromis bitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,bitaeniatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1931)","This is a relatively widespread species. However, it exhibits pronounced geographic variation in several meristic characters and it is likely that further study will warrant division of the species as currently recognized into two or more species (Gill 2004)." 69583414,Pseudochromis cyanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,cyanotaenia,,,,,"Bleeker, 1857", 69583417,Pseudochromis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,fuscus,,,,,"Müller & Troschel, 1849","Given the relatively extensive geographic range of this species, as well as the presence of geographic variation in certain meristic characters, it is highly probable that further studies (particularly field- and aquarium-based studies of live coloration) will provide justification for the subdivision of Pseudochromis fuscus as currently conceived into several species." 69583420,Pseudochromis jamesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,jamesi,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 69583423,Pseudochromis kolythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,kolythrus,,,,,"Gill & Winterbottom, 1993", 69583426,Pseudochromis marshallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,marshallensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1953","Given the wide geographic distribution of this species, and the presence of geographic variation in some meristic characters, it is likely that further studies will justify subdivision of the species as currently diagnosed into two or more species (Gill 2004)." 69583433,Pseudochromis melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,melanurus,,,,,"Gill, 2004", 69583436,Pseudochromis moorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,moorei,,,,,"Fowler, 1931", 69583439,Pseudochromis pylei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,pylei,,,,,"Randall & McCosker, 1989", 69583442,Pseudochromis tapeinosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,tapeinosoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 69583447,Pseudoplesiops annae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudoplesiops,annae,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 69583454,Pseudoplesiops howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudoplesiops,howensis,,,,,"Allen, 1987", 69583457,Pseudoplesiops revellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudoplesiops,revellei,,,,,"Schultz, 1953", 69583460,Pseudoplesiops rosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudoplesiops,rosae,,,,,"Schultz, 1943", 69583463,Pseudoplesiops typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudoplesiops,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858", 69583466,Pseudoplesiops wassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudoplesiops,wassi,,,,,"Gill & Edwards, 2003", 69689070,Siganus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,argenteus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)", 69689242,Siganus corallinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,corallinus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)","Kuiter and Debilius (2001) recognized three species (Siganus corallinus, S. studeri, and S. tetrazonus) based on minor color pattern differences. This is not followed by Allen and Erdmann (2012). Eschmeyer (2014) recognizes S. corallinus and S. studeri but not S. tetrazonus. Without genetic data, we follow Allen and Erdmann (2012) and only recognize S. corallinus." 69689424,Siganus doliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,doliatus,,,,,"Guérin-Méneville, 1829-38", 69689554,Siganus fuscescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,fuscescens,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)",Kuiter and Debelius (2001) recognized Siganus margaritiferus where S. fuscescens where is widely recognized. This was followed by Allen and Erdmann (2012) but not followed by Kottelat (2013). Eschmeyer (2014) follows Kottelat and considers S. margaritiferus a synonym of S. fuscescens. We concur with Eschmeyer (2014) and do not recognize S. margaritiferus as a distinct species. 69689777,Siganus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,guttatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 69690025,Siganus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,lineatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)",Records of this species from the northern Indian Ocean are now considered to be of Siganus insomnis (Woodland and Anderson 2014). 69690275,Siganus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,niger,,,,,"Woodland, 1990", 69738690,Siganus puellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,puellus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1852)", 69738727,Siganus punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,punctatissimus,,,,,"Fowler & Bean, 1929", 69738738,Siganus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,punctatus,,,,,"(Schneider & Forster, 1801)", 69738808,Siganus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,randalli,,,,,"Woodland, 1990", 69738881,Siganus spinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,spinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 69738927,Siganus uspi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,uspi,,,,,"Gawel & Woodland, 1974", 69738933,Siganus vulpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,vulpinus,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1845)", 44711951,Gampsocleis glabra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Gampsocleis,glabra,,,,,"(Herbst, 1786)", 69738962,Siganus woodlandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,woodlandi,,,,,"Randall & Kulbicki, 2005", 69738986,Sillago ciliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,ciliata,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 69739558,Trichonotus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,TRICHONOTIDAE,Trichonotus,elegans,,,,,"Shimada & Yoshino, 1984", 69739591,Trichonotus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,TRICHONOTIDAE,Trichonotus,filamentosus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 69739648,Trichonotus setiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,TRICHONOTIDAE,Trichonotus,setiger,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801", 69921147,Acreichthys radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Acreichthys,radiatus,,,,,"(Popta, 1900)", 69921254,Acreichthys tomentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Acreichthys,tomentosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 69921994,Amanses scopas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Amanses,scopas,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 69922114,Brachaluteres jacksonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Brachaluteres,jacksonianus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 69922164,Brachaluteres taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Brachaluteres,taylori,,,,,"Woods, 1966", 69922228,Cantherhines dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,dumerilii,,,,,"(Hollard, 1854)", 70010111,Cantherhines fronticinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,fronticinctus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 70010234,Cantherhines longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,longicaudus,,,,,"Hutchins & Randall, 1982", 70010260,Cantherhines nukuhiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,nukuhiva,,,,,"Randall, 2011", 70010275,Cantherhines pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,pardalis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 70010402,Cantherhines sandwichiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,sandwichiensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 70010437,Cantherhines verecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Cantherhines,verecundus,,,,,"Jordan, 1925", 70010557,Enigmacanthus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Enigmacanthus,filamentosus,,,,,"Hutchins, 2002", 70010615,Monacanthus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Monacanthus,chinensis,,,,,"(Osbeck, 1765)", 70010721,Oxymonacanthus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Oxymonacanthus,longirostris,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 70010872,Paraluteres prionurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paraluteres,prionurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 70010936,Paramonacanthus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,japonicus,,,,,"(Tilesius, 1809)",Paramonacanthus curtorhynchus is a junior synonym of Paramonacanthus japonicus (Hutchins 1997); P. japonicus is now a junior synonym of P. oblongus (K. Matsuura pers. comm. 2016). 70010999,Pervagor alternans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,alternans,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1899)", 70011018,Pervagor aspricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,aspricaudus,,,,,"(Hollard, 1854)",This species is replaced by Pervagor marginalis in the Line and Marquesas Islands (Myers 1999). 70011147,Pervagor janthinosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,janthinosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 70011154,Pervagor marginalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,marginalis,,,,,"Hutchins, 1986", 70011163,Pervagor melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 70011310,Pervagor nigrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,nigrolineatus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 70011384,Pervagor spilosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pervagor,spilosoma,,,,,"(Lay & Bennett, 1839)", 70011518,Pseudalutarius nasicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Pseudalutarius,nasicornis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 70011534,Rudarius minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Rudarius,minutus,,,,,"Tyler, 1970", 70011608,Thamnaconus modestoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,modestoides,,,,,"(Barnard, 1927)", 70011736,Thamnaconus tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Thamnaconus,tessellatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 72497402,Mugil margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,margaritae,,,,,"Menezes, Nirchio, Olivera & Siccharamirez, 2015", 74854398,Amphisbaena bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,bakeri,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 74855063,Amphisbaena caeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,caeca,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 74855259,Amphisbaena caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,caudalis,,,,,"Cochran, 1928", 74855383,Amphisbaena cayemite,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,cayemite,,,,,"Thomas, 2006", 74855567,Amphisbaena fenestrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,fenestrata,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 74855790,Amphisbaena gonavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,gonavensis,,,,,"Gans & Alexander, 1962", 74855859,Amphisbaena innocens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,innocens,,,,,"Weinland, 1862", 74856459,Amphisbaena leali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,leali,,,,,"Thomas, 2006", 74857162,Amphisbaena manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,manni,,,,,"Barbour, 1914","This taxon represents a species complex and research to clarify its systematics and identify cryptic species is presently underway; preliminary results suggest that three species are involved (S. B. Hedges pers. comm. 2015, 2016)." 74875672,Leptophis haileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Leptophis,haileyi,,,,,"Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller, 2013", 75166713,Celestus molesworthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,molesworthi,,,,,"Grant, 1940","Based on molecular evidence (S.B. Hedges, unpubl. data), two taxa previously considered subspecies of C. crusculus have been elevated to full species status (Henderson and Powell 2009). Celestus maculatus (Garman, 1888) occurs on Cayman Brac and Little Cayman and C. molesworthi (Grant, 1940) occurs along the northern coast of Jamaica, where it is allopatric with C. crusculus." 75168448,Diploglossus pleii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,pleii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 75169923,Dipsas trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,trinitatis,,,,,"Parker, 1926", 75170374,Ninia francisco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ninia,francisco,,,,,"Angarita-Sierra, 2014", 75306189,Leiocephalus altavelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,altavelensis,,,,,"Noble & Hassler, 1933",This taxon is treated as a full species on Caribherp; molecular evidence suggests that this is a distinct clade (S.B. Hedges unpubl. data) and morphological classifications have unhelpfully listed it as a subspecies of several related species. 75306207,Leiocephalus barahonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,barahonensis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1921", 75306422,Leiocephalus cuneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,cuneus,,,,,"Etheridge, 1964", 75306501,Leiocephalus endomychus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,endomychus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1967", 75306850,Leiocephalus inaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,inaguae,,,,,"Cochran, 1931", 75308180,Leiocephalus loxogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,loxogrammus,,,,,"(Cope, 1887)", 75308752,Leiocephalus lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,lunatus,,,,,"Cochran, 1934", 75311617,Leiocephalus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,personatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)", 75312135,Leiocephalus pratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,pratensis,,,,,"(Cochran, 1928)", 75316425,Leiocephalus psammodromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,psammodromus,,,,,"Barbour, 1920", 75317249,Leiocephalus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,punctatus,,,,,"Cochran, 1931", 75317710,Leiocephalus rhutidira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,rhutidira,,,,,"Schwartz, 1979", 75318343,Leiocephalus semilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,semilineatus,,,,,"Dunn, 1920", 75323721,Leiocephalus vinculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,vinculum,,,,,"Cochran, 1928", 75600764,Mitophis asbolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Mitophis,asbolepis,,,,,"(Thomas, McDiarmid & Thompson, 1985)", 75601065,Mitophis calypso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Mitophis,calypso,,,,,"(Thomas, McDiarmid & Thompson, 1985)", 75601408,Mitophis leptepileptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Mitophis,leptepileptus,,,,,"(Thomas, McDiarmid & Thompson, 1985)", 75605183,Phyllodactylus hispaniolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,hispaniolae,,,,,"Schwartz, 1979", 75605218,Phyllodactylus sommeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,sommeri,,,,,"Schwartz, 1979", 75605232,Thecadactylus oskrobapreinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Thecadactylus,oskrobapreinorum,,,,,"Köhler & Vesely, 2011","This species was recently described based on morphological data, based on ""relatively few"" individuals from an island population of Thecadactylus rapicauda (Köhler and Vesely 2011). T. rapicauda is an extremely widespread species in mainland Central and South America and variation within this likely species complex has not been studied across its range. Further research is recommended to clarify the validity of this species," 75605306,Sphaerodactylus altavelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,altavelensis,,,,,"Noble, 1933", 75605313,Sphaerodactylus argivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,argivus,,,,,"Garman, 1888", 75605318,Sphaerodactylus ariasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,ariasae,,,,,"Hedges & Thomas, 2001", 75605325,Sphaerodactylus armstrongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,armstrongi,,,,,"Noble, 1933", 75605330,Sphaerodactylus asterulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,asterulus,,,,,"Schwartz & Graham, 1980", 75605335,Sphaerodactylus beattyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,beattyi,,,,,"Grant, 1937", 75605342,Sphaerodactylus becki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,becki,,,,,"Schmidt, 1919", 75605352,Sphaerodactylus caicosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,caicosensis,,,,,"Cochran, 1934", 75605362,Sphaerodactylus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,cinereus,,,,,"Wagler, 1830","Historical records of this species from Cuba and the United States have long been understood to be referrable to Sphaerodactylus elegans (Graham and Schwartz 1978); this name is however retained in error for numerous records within the GBIF database, and has been applied to specimens collected in the United States as recently as 1983. Unpublished sequence data suggests that S. cinereus is not closely related to S. elegans (S.B. Hedges, unpubl. data)." 75605367,Sphaerodactylus clenchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,clenchi,,,,,"Shreve, 1968", 75605372,Sphaerodactylus cochranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,cochranae,,,,,"Ruibal, 1946", 75605377,Sphaerodactylus copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,copei,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867", 75605387,Sphaerodactylus cryphius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,cryphius,,,,,"Thomas & Schwartz, 1977", 75605392,Sphaerodactylus dacnicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,dacnicolor,,,,,"Barbour, 1910", 75605401,Sphaerodactylus darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,darlingtoni,,,,,"Shreve, 1968","Sphaerodactylus darlingtoni as currently understood is a species complex (M. Landestoy, unpubl. data, D. Scantlebury pers. comm. 2016). A number of the component species are thought to correspond to recognized subspecies, with clearly allopatric distributions, however a number of candidate species remain undescribed at the subspecific level including at least two known from single sites outside Bani (D. Scantlebury pers. comm. 2016)." 75605414,Sphaerodactylus elasmorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,elasmorhynchus,,,,,"Thomas, 1966", 75605430,Sphaerodactylus elegantulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,elegantulus,,,,,"Barbour, 1917", 75605435,Sphaerodactylus epiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,epiurus,,,,,"Thomas, 1993", 75605448,Sphaerodactylus gaigeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,gaigeae,,,,,"Grant, 1932", 75605470,Sphaerodactylus ladae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,ladae,,,,,"Thomas, 1988", 75605475,Sphaerodactylus lazelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,lazelli,,,,,"Shreve, 1968", 75605480,Sphaerodactylus leucaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,leucaster,,,,,"Schwartz, 1973", 75605485,Sphaerodactylus levinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,levinsi,,,,,"Heatwole, 1968", 75605505,Sphaerodactylus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,macrolepis,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 75605564,Sphaerodactylus ocoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,ocoae,,,,,"Schwartz, 1977", 75605594,Sphaerodactylus omoglaux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,omoglaux,,,,,"Thomas, 1982", 75605599,Sphaerodactylus oxyrhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,oxyrhinus,,,,,"Gosse, 1850", 75605604,Sphaerodactylus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,parkeri,,,,,"(Grant, 1939)", 75605613,Sphaerodactylus parthenopion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,parthenopion,,,,,"Thomas, 1965", 75605631,Sphaerodactylus perissodactylius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,perissodactylius,,,,,"Thomas, 1988", 75605822,Sphaerodactylus plummeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,plummeri,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 1992", 75605838,Sphaerodactylus randi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,randi,,,,,"Shreve, 1968", 75605848,Sphaerodactylus rhabdotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,rhabdotus,,,,,"Schwartz, 1970", 75605860,Sphaerodactylus richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,richardsoni,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 75605882,Sphaerodactylus samanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,samanensis,,,,,"Cochran, 1932", 75605887,Sphaerodactylus schuberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,schuberti,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 1998", 75605897,Sphaerodactylus semasiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,semasiops,,,,,"Thomas, 1975", 75605940,Sphaerodactylus sommeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,sommeri,,,,,"Graham, 1981", 75605945,Sphaerodactylus sputator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,sputator,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1784)", 75605974,Sphaerodactylus underwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,underwoodi,,,,,"Schwartz, 1968", 75605979,Sphaerodactylus zygaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,zygaena,,,,,"Schwartz, 1977", 75606981,Amerotyphlops trinitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Amerotyphlops,trinitatus,,,,,"(Richmond, 1965)", 75607002,Typhlops agoralionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,agoralionis,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 2007", 75607015,Antillotyphlops annae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,annae,,,,,"(Breuil, 1999)", 75607240,Antillotyphlops catapontus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,catapontus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1966)", 75607252,Cubatyphlops caymanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,caymanensis,,,,,"(Sackett, 1940)", 75607275,Cubatyphlops epactius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Cubatyphlops,epactius,,,,,"(Thomas, 1968)", 75607290,Antillotyphlops geotomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,geotomus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1966)", 75607309,Typhlops gonavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,gonavensis,,,,,"Richmond, 1964", 75607322,Antillotyphlops guadeloupensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,guadeloupensis,,,,,"(Richmond, 1964)", 75607344,Antillotyphlops monastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,monastus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1966)", 75607450,Typhlops sylleptor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,sylleptor,,,,,"Thomas & Hedges, 2007", 75927871,Pseudomys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Pseudomys,australis,,,,,"Gray, 1832","Musser and Carleton (2005) include the extinct Pseudomys auritus as a synonym of this species. However, P. auritus was accepted as a valid species a few years ago via the work of Graham Medlin at the South Australian Museum (Medlin 2008)." 79800315,Arotrolepis filicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Arotrolepis,filicauda,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)",This fish is the sole member of its genus (Matsuura 2015). 79800379,Paramonacanthus lowei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,lowei,,,,,"Hutchins, 1997", 81044203,Celestus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,maculatus,,,,,"Garman, 1888", 87568608,Stipecampus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Stipecampus,cristatus,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1918)", 87568739,Phyllopteryx dewysea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Phyllopteryx,dewysea,,,,,"Stiller, Wilson & Rouse, 2015", 88342897,Stigmatopora argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Stigmatopora,argus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1840)", 88342975,Stigmatopora macropterygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Stigmatopora,macropterygia,,,,,"Duméril, 1870", 88342995,Stigmatopora narinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Stigmatopora,narinosa,,,,,"Browne & Smith, 2007", 88343011,Stigmatopora nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Stigmatopora,nigra,,,,,"Kaup, 1856", 92465716,Dipodomys merriami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Dipodomys,merriami,,,,,"Mearns, 1890",This is the new taxonomic concept for Dipodomys merriami. It now includes as subspecies D. insularis and D. margaritae previously considered distinct species (Álvarez-Castañeda et al. 2009). 95882787,Haliichthys taeniophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Haliichthys,taeniophorus,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 96011200,Pteropsaron longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Pteropsaron,longipinnis,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2012", 96018882,Pteropsaron springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Pteropsaron,springeri,,,,,"Smith & Johnson, 2007", 96790818,Thomasomys daphne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,daphne,,,,,"Thomas, 1917","Bolivian populations of T. daphne were treated as a subspecies (australis) by S. Anderson (1997), but Pacheco (2003),Voss (2003), and Salazar- Bravo and Yates (2007) each considered this taxon as a species. Nevertheless, Pacheco (2003) suggested that T. daphne was likely composed of at least two species. This species was recognized as a distinct species by Pacheco (2015)." 138,Acerodon humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Acerodon,humilis,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1909","Flannery (1995) suggested the holotype might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of a Pteropus hypomelanus. However, A. humilis has been shown to be a distinct species through the description of two more specimens by Feiler (1990) and the rediscovery of a living population by Riley (2001)." 2358,Atlantoxerus getulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Atlantoxerus,getulus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 5793,Ctenodactylus vali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENODACTYLIDAE,Ctenodactylus,vali,,,,,"Thomas, 1902","This species has been considered a subspecies of C. gundi, but studies have shown that it is morphologically and behaviourally distinct (Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 9149,Gerbillus simoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,simoni,,,,,"Lataste, 1881","The population on the island of Kerkennah (Tunisia) is recognized as a separate species, G. zakariai, by Musser and Carleton (2005). However, we follow Happold (in press) in including this population within simoni." 9488,Graphiurus ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,ocularis,,,,,"(Smith, 1829)","Graphiurus ocularis is thought to be closely related to G. platyops (Montgelard et al. 2003), but G. rupicola, G. monardi and G. nagtglasii were not included in the latter study. Currently, no subspecies of this dormouse have been identified, and a comprehensive overview of the molecular phylogeny of this genus is necessary (Monadjem et al. 2015)." 10913,Jaculus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Jaculus,orientalis,,,,,"Erxleben, 1777", 11487,Lemniscomys barbarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,barbarus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 13463,Microtus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,guentheri,,,,,"(Danford & Alston, 1880)",Includes mustersi (Musser and Carleton 2005). 13985,Mus spretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,spretus,,,,,"Lataste, 1883", 15662,Otomys unisulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Otomys,unisulcatus,,,,,"F. Cuvier, 1829",Some authors include Otomys unisulcatus and O. sloggetti in the genus Myotomys (Pocock 1976; Musser & Carleton 2005). 41366,Crocidura whitakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,whitakeri,,,,,"De Winton, 1898", 41382,Myosorex varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,varius,,,,,"(Smuts, 1832)","Significant variation in size is found across its range (Meester et al. 1986). Corroborating this, a recent molecular study by Willows-Munro and Matthee (2011) detected several geographically correlated lineages within the species: A northern lineage, comprising individuals collected from the grassland and savannah habitats of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape; and a southern lineage, comprising individuals collected from the Western and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, where there is genetic structuring between the western and eastern areas of the Cape Floristic Region. Lack of gene flow between these two lineages suggests that they could represent distinct species, but additional morphological data is needed to confirm this and it is the topic of an on-going study. Thus, the Forest Shrew may comprise a species complex of several species responding to differing rainfall conditions and landscape heterogeneity." 42666,Meriones shawi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,shawi,,,,,"(Duvernoy, 1842)","Meriones shawi does not include M. grandis (Pavlinov 2000, Lalis et al. 2016)." 136460,Meriones grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,grandis,,,,,"Cabrera, 1907","Previously included in shawi (Aulagnier and Thevenot 1986), but now considered to be a separate species (Pavlinov 2000)." 136766,Arvicola scherman,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Arvicola,scherman,,,,,"(Shaw, 1801)","Linnaeus' amphibius and terrestris, both proposed in 1758 on the same page, are now considered conspecific by most researchers. As shown by Corbet (1978), amphibius has a priority over terrestris, based on Blasius (1857) as the first reviser. Recently, this species was split into A. amphibius and A. scherman (Panteleyev 2001, Wilson and Reeder 2005). Arvicola amphibius is larger, with shaggy pelage and ortodont incisors, and is associated with aquatic environment; A. scherman is smaller, with softer pelage, more reduced plantar and palmar tubercles, and the upper incisors strongly projecting forwards and has fossorial habits (Panteleyev 2001). Mitochondrial phylogeny based on sequences of 800 to 1,200 BP of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene suggests taxonomy of A. amphibius group to be more complex: three main groups were distinguished within A. amphibius: (1) strictly fossorial water voles from the mountain regions of Europe, (2) aquatic and transitional populations living south of the Alps, and (3) a heterogeneous group of the remaining aquatic populations (Wust Saucy 1998)." 197048,Planiliza persica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,persica,,,,,"(Senou, Randall & Okiyama, 1995)",The taxonomy of species in the Mugilidae family is complex and under revision (Durand and Borsa 2015). 46083881,Coryogalops monospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,monospilus,,,,,"Randall, 1994", 46085237,Taenioides kentalleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Taenioides,kentalleni,,,,,"Murdy & Randall, 2002", 46087798,Polydactylus persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYNEMIDAE,Polydactylus,persicus,,,,,"Motomura & Iwatsuki, 2001","Motomura and Iwatsuki (2001b) noted that Polydactylus persicus, previously identified as P. sextarius (e.g. Kuronuma and Abe 1972, Randall 1995, Carpenter et al. 1997), was recently described as a new species on the basis of 13 specimens." 46088833,Xenisthmus balius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,XENISTHMIDAE,Xenisthmus,balius,,,,,"Gill & Randall, 1994", 46096141,Solea stanalandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,stanalandi,,,,,"Randall & McCarthy, 1989","Some earlier reports (Dames and Moore 1983) likely captured this species but recorded it as Solea elongata. Given the recency of description of S. stanalandi, conceivably other studies published prior to its description also included this species in the accounts of S elongata." 46096184,Zebrias captivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,captivus,,,,,"Randall, 1995", 46102792,Paramonacanthus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,MONACANTHIDAE,Paramonacanthus,arabicus,,,,,"Hutchins, 1997", 54007412,Upeneus oligospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,oligospilus,,,,,"Lachner, 1954","In the Persian Gulf, Upeneus oligospilus was formerly recorded as U. tragula. Uiblein and Heemstra (2011b) suggested that due to the lack of research in the area, U. oligospilus may occur outside of the Persian Gulf." 54007474,Sillago arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,arabica,,,,,"McKay & McCarthy, 1989", 56852351,Sillago attenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,attenuata,,,,,"McKay, 1985", 194847,Ophidion rochei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,rochei,,,,,"Müller, 1845",Ophidion rochei is often confused with Ophidion barbatum. 114177681,Parapterois macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Parapterois,macrura,,,,,"(Alcock, 1896)", 114177913,Pogonoscorpius sechellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Pogonoscorpius,sechellensis,,,,,"Regan, 1908", 868,Allocebus trichotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Allocebus,trichotis,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","The first specimens of this taxon were assigned to the genus Cheirogaleus when originally described by Günther in 1875, but distinct cranial and dentition features ultimately elevated the species to the sole representative of its own genus (Petter-Rousseaux and Petter 1967, Yoder 1996)." 2434,Avahi laniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,laniger,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Generic synonym = Lichanotus. 4085,Cebus trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,trinitatis,,,,,"von Pusch, 1942","

Hershkovitz (1949) divided the so-called “untufted capuchin monkeys” into three species, capucinus, nigrivittatus and albifrons, distinguishing them by the shape of the dark patch on the crown: albifrons rounded and nigrivittatus wedge shaped. On this basis, he considered trinitatis Von Pusch, restricted to the island of Trinidad, to be a subspecies of Cebus albifrons, despite the fact that it was completely isolated from albifrons by the various subspecies that he listed of the wedge-capped capuchins, Cebus nigrivittatus (now considered olivaceus), on the Guiana Shield in Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.  Subspecies of Cebus albifrons in his taxonomic arrangement otherwise occurred south of the Rio Amazonas-Solimões in Brazil, and in the upper Amazon, north and south of the Rio Amazonas in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, west of the Andes in Ecuador and Tumbes, northern Peru, and in northern Colombia. The “nearest known relatives of trinitatis occur in the upper Orinoco region (albifrons) and in the Lake Maracaibo region (adustus)”, which indicated that trinitatis is an introduced population (Hershkovitz, 1949, p. 38). Hill (1960) and Groves (2001, 2005) followed Hershkovitz in listing trinitatis as a subspecies of C. albifrons.

In the first phylogenetic analysis of the genus, Cebus trinitatis and the form brunneus Allen, 1914, from northern Venezuela and considered by Hershkovitz to be a subspecies of C. nigrivittatus, were found to be very closely related, and in the albifrons clade rather than that of the wedge-capped capuchins (Boubli et al., 2o12).  Boubli et al. (2012) suggested that trinitatis might be a junior synonym. The two capuchin monkeys are, however, quite distinct in appearance, and evidence for the synonymy of trinitatis is as yet inconclusive (J. P. Boubli and J. Lynch Alfaro, pers. comm. February 2021). In fact upon subsequent morphological inspection, the C. brunneus sampled from the Smithsonian for the genetic study of Boubli et al. 2012, are not the same species as the type specimens of brunneus (which are olivaceus-like) at the American Museum of Natural History, despite their very close geographic provenance to those C. brunneus specimens; the samples from the Boubli et al. (2012) are more similar to C. adustus and C. leucocephalus in morphology, but extend the range of the albifrons-like monkeys to the east of the Andes on the Venezuelan coast. Thus, the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group maintains trinitatus as a separate taxon, with affinities to the Andes albifrons-like species.

" 6302,Daubentonia madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,DAUBENTONIIDAE,Daubentonia,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 8202,Eulemur mongoz,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,mongoz,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Generic synonym = Lemur. 8205,Eulemur cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,cinereiceps,,,,,"(A. Grandidier & Milne-Edwards, 1890)","

Johnson et al. (2008) did not find evidence to support Eulemur cinereiceps as a separate taxon from E. albocollaris, and that priority should be given to the senior synonym, E. cinereiceps, as the valid name.


" 8206,Eulemur collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,collaris,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1812)","Formerly considered a subspecies of Eulemur fulvus, but later raised to species level (Groves 2001)." 8207,Eulemur fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,fulvus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1796)","Eulemur fulvus mayottensis (Schlegel 1886), described from the island of Mayotte is considered by Mittermeier et al. (2010) to be nothing more than descendants of E. fulvus which had been introduced to the island. Generic synonym = Lemur." 8209,Eulemur rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,rufus,,,,,"(Audebert, 1799)","Formerly considered a subspecies of Eulemur fulvus, but later raised to species level (Groves 2001). Until recently Eulemur rufifrons was considered to be a junior synonym of E. rufus (e.g., Groves 2005), but genetic and preliminary morphological evidence suggest that rufifrons is distinct (Pastorini et al. 2003, Groves 2006)." 8211,Eulemur flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,flavifrons,,,,,"(Gray, 1867)","

This species was previously considered to be a subspecies of Eulemur macaco. After the elevation of all former E. fulvus subspecies to full species status (Mittermeier et al. 2006), E. macaco remained the only member of the genus that was divided into subspecies (E. m. macaco and E. m. flavifrons). Taking into account the consistency of the morphological differences between the Black Lemur and the Blue-eyed Black Lemur, the retention of this taxonomy is inappropriate. The pairwise genetic distances between macaco and flavifrons are 68–72 bp, which is in the same range as between the former E. fulvus subspecies (29–90 bp, according to Pastorini 2000). Some earlier authors suggested a geographical cline in subspecific traits over a relatively large area of their distribution border (Meyers et al. 1989, Rabarivola et al. 1991), but more recent surveys suggest that the zone of hybridization between the two taxa is restricted to the north-eastern part of the distribution of E. flavifrons (Andrianjakarivelo 2004; Schwitzer et al. 2005, 2006). Based on these findings, and in order to restore a consistent taxonomy of Eulemur, the Blue-eyed Black Lemur was raised to full species status by Mittermeier et al. (2008, 2010).

" 9672,Hapalemur aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Hapalemur,aureus,,,,,"Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler & Wright, 1987", 9673,Hapalemur griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Hapalemur,griseus,,,,,"(Link, 1795)","Most earlier authors recognized three species of bamboo lemur: Hapalemur griseus (with at least three subspecies); H. aureus, and H. simus. Groves (2001) elevated two subspecies of H. griseus to full species status (alaotrensis and occidentalis) and also transferred H. simus to the genus Prolemur. More recently, Rabarivola et al. (2007) described two additional subspecies of H. griseus, namely H. g. gilberti from Beanamalao, between the Onive and Nosivolo Rivers, and H. g. ranomafanensis, from the area of Ranomafana. Although colour details were mentioned in the type description of H. g. ranomafanensis, the diagnostic utility of this information is impossible to determine because at the same time no such details were given for H. g. griseus. The essence of the new subspecies was, in effect, that it is chromosomally polymorphic at Ranomafana and Ambongo (2n = 54, 55 or 56, whereas in H. g. griseus 2n = always 54), while at Ambolomavo, Bemaraha and Vatoalatsaka, also ascribed to this new subspecies, only 2n=56 occurs. A subspecies apparently based, at least on present evidence, on the occurrence of a polymorphism cannot be maintained (see Mittermeier et al. 2008). Mittermeier et al. (2010) recognized griseus and gilberti as full species, although the latter is treated here as a subspecies pending formal publication of the rank change with an expansion of supporting evidence." 9674,Prolemur simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Prolemur,simus,,,,,"(Gray, 1871)","Formerly included in Hapalemur, but included in Prolemur by Groves (2001)." 9678,Hapalemur occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Hapalemur,occidentalis,,,,,"Rumpler, 1975", 10826,Indri indri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Indri,indri,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Two subspecies have been proposed (Groves 2001), however, this is not supported by morphological (Zaonarivelo et al. 2007) or genetic (Brenneman et al. 2016) analysis, supporting the opinion that the two major colour forms are merely part of a clinal variation and not indicative of distinct taxa (Brenneman et al. 2016)." 11496,Lemur catta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Lemur,catta,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 11617,Lepilemur edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,edwardsi,,,,,"(Forbes, 1894)", 11618,Lepilemur leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,leucopus,,,,,"(Major, 1894)","

Previously considered to be distributed across south-western Madagascar, Lepilemur leucopus in Beza Mahafaly and Sud-Ouest-Ifotaka is now considered to represent a new species L. petteri (Louis et al. 2006, Lei et al. 2016).

" 11619,Lepilemur microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,microdon,,,,,"(Forsyth Major, 1894)","Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed exclusively based on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. The original latin species name is here amended from the original description following Hoffmann et al. (2009)." 11621,Lepilemur ruficaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,ruficaudatus,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1867", 11622,Lepilemur septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,septentrionalis,,,,,"Rumpler & Albignac, 1975", 13584,Mirza coquereli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Mirza,coquereli,,,,,"(A. Grandidier, 1867)","Recent analyses of morphometric, genetic, and behavioural data has now resulted in the recognition of a second species of Mirza. Mirza coquereli is the larger of the two, with a distribution nucleus in southwestern Madagascar, while the newly described, smaller-bodied Mirza zaza is found in the Sambirano region of the far northwest (Kappeler et al. 2005)." 16872,Phaner furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Phaner,furcifer,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1839)", 16873,Phaner parienti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Phaner,parienti,,,,,"Groves & Tattersall, 1991","Formerly a subspecies of Phaner furcifer, but regarded as distinct by Groves (2001)." 16874,Phaner pallescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Phaner,pallescens,,,,,"Groves & Tattersall, 1991","Formerly a subspecies of Phaner furcifer, but regarded as distinct by Groves (2001)." 16875,Phaner electromontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Phaner,electromontis,,,,,"Groves & Tattersall, 1991","Formerly included in Phaner furcifer, but treated as distinct by Groves (2001). The form occurring in the Loky-Manambato Protected Area and in the forests of the Manambato-Manambery and Manambery-Fanambana inter-river systems may represent a distinct species." 18352,Propithecus tattersalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,tattersalli,,,,,"Simons, 1988","This species was first observed north of Vohémar in 1974 by Dr. Ian Tattersall, provisionally identified as a variant of the Silky Sifaka (then Propithecus diadema candidus; Tattersall 1982) and eventually described as a distinct species more than a decade later (Simons 1988) on the bases of its distinct appearance, morphometrics, karyotype, and vocalizations." 18354,Propithecus verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,verreauxi,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1867","Formerly considered the nominate subspecies of Propithecus verreauxi (e.g. Groves 1993), but elevated to full species status by Groves (2001) and Mayor et al. (2004), along with several other former subspecies." 18355,Propithecus coquereli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,coquereli,,,,,"(A. Grandidier, 1867)","Formerly considered a subspecies of Propithecus verreauxi (e.g. Groves 1993), but elevated to full species status by Groves (2001) and Mayor et al. (2004)." 18356,Propithecus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,coronatus,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1871","Considered a subspecies of Propithecus verreauxi by Groves (1993) and of P. deckenii by Groves (2001). Thalmann et al. (2002) argued that it deserved species status, recently supported by the craniometric study of Groves and Helgen (2007) which found this species to have highly distinctive cranial features." 18357,Propithecus deckenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,deckenii,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1867","Formerly included as a subspecies of Propithecus verreauxi (e.g. Groves 1993), or as the nominate subspecies of P. deckenii (e.g. Groves 2001), and genetically virtually indistinguishable from P. coronatus and P. verreauxi based on c. 2,400 bp of  mtDNA (Pastorini et al. 2001) or on complete mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (Rumpler et al. 2011), but now generally considered a distinct species (e.g. Thalmann et al. 2002, Groves and Helgen 2007; but see Tattersall 2007). Former confusion over the distribution of this species and the closely related P. coronatus has been resolved by field studies by Rakotonirina et al. (2014) and King et al. (2014), however taxonomic field study is still needed to fully understand the relationship between the two species and the causes of the melanistic tendencies in these and other sifaka species (King et al. 2014, Rakotonirina et al. 2014)." 18358,Propithecus diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,diadema,,,,,"Bennett, 1832","

In the forests of Tsinjoarivo in eastern central Madagascar (at the southern extreme of the species’ geographic range), an unusual population of what appears to be Propithecus diadema has been discovered. The animals are variably coloured, including all black individuals (several of which are known to have been born to parents with typical pelage), but preliminary genetic studies indicate that this population requires further study before subspecific status can be established (Mayor et al. 2004)

" 18359,Propithecus edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,edwardsi,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1871","Formerly considered a subspecies of Propithecus diadema (e.g. Groves 1993), but elevated to full species status by Groves (2001) and Mayor et al. (2004), and supported by Groves and Helgen (2007). The latter authors provisionally raised the form P. holomelas to species level, but it may represent nothing more than an extreme melanistic morph of P. edwardsi. It is here provisionally retained as a synonym of P. edwardsi, pending further study." 18360,Propithecus candidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,candidus,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1871","Considered a subspecies of Propithecus diadema by Groves (2001), although Mayor et al. (2004) and Groves and Helgen (2007) considered it worthy of species status." 18361,Propithecus perrieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Propithecus,perrieri,,,,,"Lavauden, 1931","Formerly considered a subspecies of Propithecus diadema, but elevated to full species status by Groves (2001) and Mayor et al. (2004)." 22918,Varecia variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Varecia,variegata,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","Taxonomic status for the genus Varecia have not been fully resolved at the genus or species level. Groves (2001) proposed full species status of Varecia variegata and Varecia rubra. As the most current analyses of Varecia variegata, Baden et al. 2014 presented evidence using microsatellite STR data that the genus Varecia variegata should only have two subspecies, V. v. editorum and V. v. variegata, stating that V. v. subcincta did not warrant subspecies/species status. Genomic level studies are currently underway, designed to resolve the taxonomic status and distribution of the genus Varecia using samples representing the entire range of all ruffed lemurs (E. Louis pers. comm.)." 22920,Varecia rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Varecia,rubra,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1812)", 39751,Microcebus ravelobensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,ravelobensis,,,,,"Zimmermann, Cepok, Rakotoarison, Zietemann & Radespiel, 1998", 39994,Gorilla beringei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HOMINIDAE,Gorilla,beringei,,,,,"Matschie, 1903","This species appeared in the 1996 Red List as a subspecies of Gorilla gorilla. Since 2001, the Eastern Gorilla has been considered a separate species (Gorilla beringei) with two subspecies: Grauer’s Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) and the Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) following Groves (2001)." 41540,Aotus nancymaae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,nancymaae,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1983","

The taxonomy of the genus Aotus has been a matter of academic dispute due to the wide number of different karyotypes reported without clear phenotypic distinctions between intra- and inter-population variations (Ruiz-Herrera et al. 2005, Defler and Bueno 2007). Fernandez-Duque et al. (2013), recognized 11 species, and 13 taxa. A preliminary study on the distribution of the Genus Aotus in the Southern Colombian Amazon confirms the presence of A. nancymaae in Colombian territory. The results suggest the existence of a historical distribution of A. nancymaae north of the Amazon River in Colombia, as well as of another population of A. nancymaae, not of historical lineage but probably introduced in Colombia in more recent times (Bloor et al. 2012). Ruiz-García et al. (2011) discuss interesting insights about the evolution of Aotus that is beyond the scope of this description of A. nancymaae. Nevertheless, their evidence suggests that (1) the red-necked/grey-necked split among the Aotus, posited by Hershkovitz (1983) is artificial, since Aotus nancymaae is more related to the grey-necked Aotus than to the other red-necked Aotus and that (2) Aotus vociferans is likely the origin of other modern Aotus species due to its high number of haplotypes and lowest number of chromosomes among the species of the genus. 

" 41571,Microcebus tavaratra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,tavaratra,,,,,"Rasoloarison, Goodman & Ganzhorn, 2000", 41572,Microcebus sambiranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,sambiranensis,,,,,"Rasoloarison, Goodman & Ganzhorn, 2000",Recognized as a distinct species by Rasloarison et al. (2000). 41576,Cheirogaleus sibreei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,sibreei,,,,,"(Forsyth Major, 1894)","Listed as a distinct species by Groves (2000, 2001) in the Cheirogaleus major group." 41579,Avahi unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,unicolor,,,,,"Thalmann & Geissmann, 2000","Recently described in 2000, Avahi unicolor has been established as a valid species in multiple subsequent studies (Andriantompohavana et al. 2007; Lei et al. 2008)." 136206,Microcebus mamiratra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,mamiratra,,,,,"Andriantompohavana, Zaonarivelo, Engberg, Randriamampionona, McGuire, Shore, Rakotonomenjanahary, Brenneman & Louis Jr., 2006","Olivieri et al. (2007) described the form Microcebus lokobensis also from Nosy Be Island. The type localities of M. lokobensis and M. mamiratra are the same, and the descriptions of the two forms are identical. Since M. mamiratra has priority, it seems best to consider M. lokobensis a synonym pending further investigation." 163021377,Cheirogaleus crossleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,crossleyi,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1870","Based on the general metapopulation lineage concept and multiple sources of data, Groeneveld et al. (2009) clarified the exclusivity of three of the seven recognized dwarf lemur species: C. major, C. medius and C. crossleyi. These three species were found to be genealogically exclusive in both mtDNA and nDNA loci, and furthermore, they exhibit morphological distinctiveness. Molecular and morphometric data support the hypothesis that C. adipicaudatus and C. ravus are synonymous with C. medius and C. major, respectively. Since the last IUCN assessments, the “crossleyi” lineage has been broken down into several species, e.g., Cheirogaleus lavasoensis, C. andysabini, C. grovesi each with restricted geographical distributions. Thus, C. crossleyi occupies smaller areas than previously reported." 136254,Lepilemur randrianasoloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,randrianasoloi,,,,,"Andriaholinirina, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Thalmann, Rabarivola, Ravoarimanana, Ganzhorn, Meier, Hilgartner, Walter, Zaramody, Langer, Hahn, Zimmermann, Radespiel, Craul, Tomiuk, Tattersall & Rumpler, 2017","Lepilemur randrianasoloi was described by Andriaholinirina et al. (2006) with the name of Lepilemur randrianasoli, but being named after Georges Randrianosolo, the name should be randrianasoloi. Amended by Hoffmann et al. (2009) and in a re-description of the species by Andriaholinirina et al. (2017). The reason for the re-descriptions of this species was because the first description was published online before 2012 and the nomina were as such nomenclaturally unavailable." 136263,Lepilemur fleuretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,fleuretae,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming." 136269,Eulemur rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,rufifrons,,,,,"(Bennett, 1833)","Until recently Eulemur rufifrons was considered to be a junior synonym of E. rufus (e.g., Groves 2005), but genetic and preliminary morphological evidence now suggest that E. rufifrons is distinct (Pastorini et al. 2003, Groves 2006)." 136285,Avahi peyrierasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,peyrierasi,,,,,"Zaramody, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Andriaholinirina, Rabarivola, Norscia, Tattersall & Rumpler, 2006",Molecular sequence data from studies led by Lei and Andriantompohavana may result in the discovery of three new species from this species (E.E. Louis Jr. pers. obs). 136311,Lepilemur wrightae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,wrightae,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed exclusively based on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. The original latin species name is here amended from the original description following Hoffmann et al. (2009)." 136335,Avahi cleesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,cleesei,,,,,"Thalmann & Geissmann, 2005",The taxonomic validity of this species has been confirmed by Andriantompohavana et al. (2007) and Lei et al. (2008). 136369,Avahi meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,meridionalis,,,,,"Zaramody, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Andriaholinirina, Rabarivola, Norscia, Tattersall & Rumpler, 2006", 136376,Lepilemur aeeclis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,aeeclis,,,,,"Andriaholinirina, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Thalmann, Rabarivola, Ravoarimanana, Ganzhorn, Meier, Hilgartner, Walter, Zaramody, Langer, Hahn, Zimmermann, Radespiel, Craul, Tomiuk, Tattersall & Rumpler, 2017","

Tattersall (2007) cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006) - inclusive of this species, Lepilemur aeeclis in Andriaholinirina et al. (2006) - were diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. However, Lei et al. (2016) subsequently established through delmination analyses of mitogenomic data, that this species is valid despite allopatry.

" 136384,Hapalemur meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Hapalemur,meridionalis,,,,,"Warter, Randrianasolo, Dutrillaux & Rumpler, 1987","Although this species was not recognized as distinct by Groves (2001), who retained it as a subspecies of Hapalemur griseus, its distinct status is supported by cytogenetic and molecular data (Fausser et al. 2002)." 136434,Avahi ramanantsoavanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,ramanantsoavanai,,,,,"Zaramody, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Andriaholinirina, Rabarivola, Norscia, Tattersall & Rumpler, 2006","Although described as a subspecies of A. meridionalis by Zaramody et al. (2006), it is here treated as distinct following Andriantompohavana et al. (2007) who examined the taxonomy of Avahi according to the Phylogenetic Species Concept." 136491,Lepilemur jamesorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,jamesorum,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","

Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. An exception to this would appear to be L. jamesorum, which has been shown to have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 26 and differs in six to 23 chromosomal rearrangements from all other karyotyped sportive lemur species (Andriaholinirina et al. 2006).  

The original Latin species name is here emended from the original description following Hoffmann et al. (2009).

" 136537,Microcebus bongolavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,bongolavensis,,,,,"Olivieri, Zimmermann, Randrianambinina, Rasoloharijaona, Rakotondravony, Guschanski & Radespiel, 2007", 136609,Lepilemur milanoii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,milanoii,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006) (that were all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric) be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. This species primarily lives in allopatry with its distribution range is thought to be mostly limited to the Loky-Manambato (Daraina) region in northern Madagascar; however, it does exist in sympatry with L. ankaranensis in Andrafiamena (Anjahakely Protected Area). Nonetheless, Lei et al. (2016) subsequently established through delimitation analyses of mitogenomic data, that this species is valid despite allopatry." 136637,Microcebus griseorufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,griseorufus,,,,,"Kollman, 1910",Elevated to full species status by Rasoloarison et al. (2000). 136645,Lepilemur sahamalaza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,sahamalaza,,,,,"Andriaholinirina, Fausser, Roos, Zinner, Thalmann, Rabarivola, Ravoarimanana, Ganzhorn, Meier, Hilgartner, Walter, Zaramody, Langer, Hahn, Zimmermann, Radespiel, Craul, Tomiuk, Tattersall & Rumpler, 2017","Zinner et al. (2007) examined conflicting results in the genetic analysis of sportive lemurs in northwestern Madagascar, those within the range of what once was considered to be Lepilemur dorsalis. Since the type localities of L. dorsalis Gray, 1871 and L. grandidieri Forsyth Major, 1894, were both “Northwest Madagascar”, the proper name of one or two of the new species from the region (sahamalazensis, grewcocki, mittermeieri, tymlerachsoni) could be either of these two. The true ""dorsalis"", as such, had not been identified, and no attempt has been made to identify grandidieri, formerly a junior synonym of dorsalis. Genetic analysis of the holotypes of dorsalis and grandidieri is needed to resolve this. Zinner et al. (2007) indicated, therefore, that tymerlachsoni and/or mittermeieri might be junior synonyms.

Lepilemur randrianasoloi was described by Andriaholinirina et al. (2006) with the name of Lepilemur randrianasoli, but being named after Georges Randrianosolo, the name should be randrianasoloi. Amended by Hoffmann et al. (2009) and in a re-description of the species by Andriaholinirina et al. (2017). Lepilemur aeeclis was re-described by Andriaholinirina et al. in 2017. Lepilemur sahamalaza was first described and named by Andriaholinirina et al. (2006), and was re-described and renamed as Lepilemur sahamalaza by Andriaholinirina et al. (2017).  The reason for the re-descriptions of these three species was because the first descriptions were published online before 2012 and the nomina were as such nomenclaturally unavailable.  The change in species name for the Sahamalaza Sportive Lemur from sahamalazensis to sahamalaza was required because it is a noun in apposition, and therefore grammatically invariable (Andriaholinirina et al. 2017)" 136662,Lepilemur betsileo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,betsileo,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming." 136677,Lepilemur petteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,petteri,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. However, in Lei et al. (2016), the authors subsequently established through delmination analyses of mitogenomic data that this species is valid despite allopatry." 136707,Lepilemur seali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,seali,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. 2006 (that were all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric) be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. However, Lei et al. (2016) subsequently established through delimitation analyses of mitogenomic data that this species is valid despite allopatry." 136709,Lepilemur tymerlachsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,tymerlachsoni,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","

The original Latin species name (tymerlachsoni) is a combination of different names of individuals from the Hawk family. The species has occasionally been incorrectly referred to as tymerlachsonorum (e.g. Hoffman et al. 2009) but the species should be referred to using the original Latin name.

Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006) that were all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. However, Lei et al. (2016) subsequently established through delimtnation analyses of mitogenomic data that this species is valid despite allopatry.

Since the locations of holotype specimens for Lepilemur dorsalis and L. grandidieri have not been established other than “Northwest Madagascar”, taxonomic uncertainty still exists within the numerous sportive lemurs described in the mid-2000s (Andriaholinirina et al. 2006, Craul et al. 2007, and Louis et al. 2006). In Zinner et al. (2007), the authors examined conflicting conclusions based on the genetic analysis of sportive lemurs in northwestern Madagascar, specifically those within in the range of what once considered to be Lepilemur dorsalis. Since the type localities of L. dorsalis Gray, 1871 and L. grandidieri Forsyth Major, 1894, were both ""Northwest Madagascar"", the proper name of one or two of the new species from the region (L. sahamalazensis, L. grewcockorum, L. mittermeieri, and L. tymerlachsoni) could be either synonyms of these two sportive lemurs. The true locality of the Lepilemur ""dorsalis"", as such, had not been identified. Nor has the locality of L. grandidieri, formerly a junior synonym of dorsalis. Genetic analysis of the holotypes of dorsalis and grandidieri are needed to resolve this taxonomic question.

" 136731,Lepilemur ankaranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,ankaranensis,,,,,"Rumpler & Albignac, 1975","This species was formerly included as a subspecies of the Lepilemur septentrionalis complex, but eventually was proposed full species status from L. septentrionalis ankaranensis to Lepilemur ankaranensis based on cytogenetic data (Rumpler et al. 2001).  Lepilemur ankaranensis is now known only from Ankarana, Andrafiamena, and Analamerana." 163314538,Microcebus simmonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,simmonsi,,,,,"Louis Jr., Coles, Andriantompohavana, Sommer, Engberg, Zaonarivelo, Mayor & Brenneman, 2006", 136761,Lepilemur hubbardorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,hubbardorum,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","The original latin species name is here emended from the original description following Hoffmann et al. (2009)." 136767,Avahi betsileo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,betsileo,,,,,"Andriantompohavana, Lei, Zaonarivelo, Engberg, Nalanirina, McGuire, Shore, Andrianasolo, Herrington, Brenneman & Louis Jr., 2007", 136771,Lepilemur grewcockorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,grewcockorum,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney, & Brenneman, 2006","

The original Latin species name is here emended from the original description following Hoffmann et al. (2009).


Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. (2006), all diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric, be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. However, in Lei et al. 2016, the authors subsequently established through delmination analyses of mitogenomic data that this species is valid despite allopatry, showing that L. manasamody is a junior synonym of L. grewcockorum. 


Since the holotype locations of Lepilemur dorsalis and L. grandidieri have not been established, taxonomic uncertainty still exists within the numerous sportive lemurs described in the mid-2000’s (Andriaholinirina et al. 2006; Craul et al. 2007; and Louis et al. 2006). In Zinner et al. (2007), the authors examined conflicting conclusions based on the genetic analysis of sportive lemurs in northwestern Madagascar, specifically those within in the range of what once considered to be Lepilemur dorsalis. Since the type localities of L. dorsalis Gray, 1871 and L. grandidieri Forsyth Major, 1894, were both ""Northwest Madagascar"", the proper name of one or two of the new species from the region (L. sahamalazensis, L. grewcockorum, L. mittermeieri, and L. tymerlachsonorum) could be either synonyms of these two sportive lemurs. The true locality of the Lepilemur ""dorsalis"", as such, had not been identified. Nor has the locality of L. grandidieri, formerly a junior synonym of dorsalis. Genetic analysis of the holotypes of dorsalis and grandidieri are needed to resolve this taxonomic question. Zinner et al. (2007) also indicated that L. manasamody, described by Craul et al. (2007), is probably a junior synonym of L. grewcockorum, as sampling sites were less than two km apart, with no evident geographic barrier." 136796,Lepilemur otto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,otto,,,,,"Craul, Zimmermann, Rasoloharijaona, Randrianambinina & Radespiel, 2007", 16971364,Microcebus margotmarshae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,margotmarshae,,,,,"Louis, Engberg, McGuire, McCormick, Randriamampionona, Ranaivoarisoa, Bailey, Mittermeier & Lei, 2008", 16971390,Microcebus arnholdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,arnholdi,,,,,"Louis, Engberg, McGuire, McCormick, Randriamampionona, Ranaivoarisoa, Bailey, Mittermeier & Lei, 2008", 16971425,Microcebus macarthurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,macarthurii,,,,,"Radespiel, Olivieri, Rasolofoson, Rakotondratsimba, Rakotonirainy, Rasoloharijaona, Randrianambinina, Ratsimbazafy, Ratelolahy, Randriamboavonjy, Rasolofoharivelo, Craul, Rakotozafy & Randrianarison, 2008", 16971489,Lepilemur hollandorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,hollandorum,,,,,"Ramaromilanto, Lei, Engberg, Johnson, Sitzmann & Louis , 2009", 16971518,Lepilemur scottorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,scottorum,,,,,"Lei, Engberg, Andriantompohavana, McGuire, Mittermeier, Zaonarivelo, Brenneman & Louis, 2008", 16971566,Avahi mooreorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,mooreorum,,,,,"Lei, Engberg, Andriantompohavana, McGuire, Mittermeier, Zaonarivelo, Brenneman & Louis, 2008", 163023599,Cheirogaleus medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,medius,,,,,"É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812","The genus Cheirogaleus is under taxonomic revision. C. medius was recognized as one of three distinctive lineages (along with C. crossleyi, C. major) by Groeneveld et al. (2009) based on molecular and morphometric data. More recently, this lineage has been broken down into: a- two newly described species: C. shethi from Ankarana, Analamerana and Loky-Manambato in the N, and C. thomasi from St Luce to Petriky, in the SE; b-four unconfirmed candidate species: from Ambanja/Ambato in the N, Anjiamangirana in the NW, Mariarano in the NW and Tsiombikibo in the NW; and c-one confirmed candidate species: Sambava in the NE (Frasier et al., 2016; Lei et al., 2014). Thus, although Cheirogaleus medius was previously known to have a broad geographic distribution in western dry deciduous forests, as well as littoral southeastern forests and northeastern forests, is now confined to a few western dry deciduous forests exclusively." 54778911,Cheirogaleus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,major,,,,,"É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812","Based on the general metapopulation lineage concept and multiple sources of data, Groeneveld et al. (2009) clarified the exclusivity of three of the seven recognized dwarf lemur species: Cheirogaleus major, C.medius and C. crossleyi. These three species were found to be genealogically exclusive in both mtDNA and nDNA loci, and furthermore, they exhibit morphological distinctiveness. Molecular and morphometric data support the hypothesis that C. adipicaudatus and C. ravus are synonymous with C. medius and C. major, respectively. Since last IUCN assessments, genetic information became available for several populations of dwarf lemurs, some of which were confirmed to be C. major. It is likely that the “major” lineage will be broken down into more species in the near future." 59544947,Microcebus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,rufus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1834)","Up until recently, the geographic range of Microcebus rufus was believed to extend throughout Madagascar’s eastern forests from Tolagnaro (= Fort Dauphin) in the south perhaps as far as the Tsaratanana Massif and the region of Daraina in the north. However, field work and analyses of molecular data resulted in the identification of several new species within this distribution, including the newly described M. lehilahytsara, M. mittermeieri, M. simmonsi, and M. jollyae (Louis et al. 2006)." 112465090,Microtus irani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,irani,,,,,"Thomas, 1921","

This is the new taxonomic concept for M. irani. Previously collected specimens that were recorded as Microtus irani from southeastern Turkey were reevaluated by karyologically comparing different species distributed throughout southeastern Turkey. The taxonomic status of this species was raised to a new species, Microtus elbeyli sp. nov. (Yigit et al. 2016). 

" 115602158,Diploderma ngoclinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,ngoclinensis,,,,,"(Ananjeva, Orlov & Nguyen, 2017)", 115603537,Lytorhynchus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lytorhynchus,paradoxus,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)",


115604119,Rhinophis roshanpererai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,roshanpererai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev & Gower, 2017", 115604135,Rhinophis goweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,goweri,,,,,"Aengals & Ganesh, 2013", 197169,Rhinophis melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,melanogaster,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)",This represents a species complex that needs taxonomic revision (M. Wickramasinghe and N. Wickramasinghe pers comm. 2019). 197168,Rhinophis phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,phillipsi,,,,,"(Nicholls, 1929)", 197173,Rhinophis philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,philippinus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","According to Pyron et al. (2016), a phylogeographic study may reveal cryptic species within this taxon, which is recognized as a species complex (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). " 115604249,Rhinophis saffragamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,saffragamus,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1853)","Pyron et al. (2016) transferred Pseudotyphlops to the synonymy of Rhinophis, necessitating a new name for the species formerly known as Pseudotyphlops philippinus as R. philippinus was preoccupied. They determined that Uropeltis saffraganus was the oldest available name and coined the combination Rhinophis saffraganus." 115604283,Ahaetulla anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,anomala,,,,,"(Annandale, 1906)","The taxonomic history of this taxon was discussed by Mahopatra et al. (2017), who elevated it to specific status from within Ahaetulla nasuta and redescribed it, clarifying its distribution." 115604578,Cnemaspis leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,leucura,,,,,"Kurita, Nishikawa, Matsui & Hikida, 2017", 115604613,Tropidophorus sebi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidophorus,sebi,,,,,"Pui, Karin, Bauer & Das, 2017", 115604710,Cnemaspis aceh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,aceh,,,,,"Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017", 115604779,Cnemaspis kandambyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kandambyi,,,,,"Batuwita & Udugampala, 2017","A record of Cnemaspis podihuna from Pallegama reported by Karunarathna et al. (2011) may be referable to C. kandambyi, a species with which C. kadambyi was previously confused (Batuwita and Udugampala 2017). Molecular research has not been conducted to clarify range limits between these taxa (A.A.T. Amarasinghe pers. comm. 2019), although a revision of C. podihuna is underway (S. Karunarathna and K. Ukuwela pers. comm. 2019)." 115604801,Cnemaspis minang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,minang,,,,,"Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017", 115604823,Cnemaspis pagai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,pagai,,,,,"Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017", 115604847,Cnemaspis tapanuli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,tapanuli,,,,,"Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017", 115604887,Cyrtodactylus lenya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,lenya,,,,,"Mulcahy, Thura & Zug, 2017", 115604925,Cyrtodactylus payarhtanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,payarhtanensis,,,,,"Mulcahy, Thura & Zug, 2017", 115605109,Hemidactylus chipkali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,chipkali,,,,,"Mirza & Raju, 2017",“The specific epithet “chipkali” is the Hindi word for gecko” (Mirza and Raju 2017). 195049,Parona signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Parona,signata,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1841)", 20434340,Pseudocaranx georgianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Pseudocaranx,georgianus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1833)",This species is easily confused with Pseudocaranx dentex (Smith-Vaniz and Jelks 2006). 115604280,Gekko nadenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,nadenensis,,,,,"Luu, Nguyen, Minh, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2017", 114178035,Rhinopias eschmeyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Rhinopias,eschmeyeri,,,,,"Condé, 1977", 114178081,Scorpaenodes immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,immaculatus,,,,,"Poss & Collette, 1990", 10241,Chersobius signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chersobius,signatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Recently transferred from Homopus to Chersobius. The subspecies, Homopus s. signatus and H. s. cafer, are partially sympatric in the western Karoo (Boycott 1986; 1989, Bour 1988, Iverson 1992, Boycott and Bourquin 2000). Colour patterns used to distinguish the subspecies appear to relate to crypsis on different substrates. The status of a subpopulation from the Pofadder area requires further investigation (Daniels et al. 2010). Records of this species from Namibia (Mertens 1955, 1971) are referable to C. solus (Branch 2007)." 163454,Kinixys lobatsiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Kinixys,lobatsiana,,,,,"Power, 1927","No taxonomic issues, although may be confused with K. spekii as they are morphologically similar." 170519,Chersina angulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chersina,angulata,,,,,"(Schweigger, 1812)","Although phylogenetic clades were found for the western and southern regions of South Africa (Daniels et al. 2007), these clades appear to relate to differences at the subspecies level rather than the species level (Spitzweg et al. 2020)." 170520,Homopus areolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Homopus,areolatus,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1787)","A recent phylogenetic study indicates fairly low divergence between two clades of this species (Hofmeyr et al. 2020), although there are habitat differences between the two groups." 170521,Chersobius boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chersobius,boulengeri,,,,,"(Duerden, 1906)","The genus Homopus was found to be paraphyletic warranting resurrection of the genus Chersobius to accommodate the five-toed Homopus species (C. boulengeri, C. signatus and C. solus (Hofmeyr et al. 2017)." 170522,Homopus femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Homopus,femoralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888","A recent phylogenetic study indicates that the western-most group along the escarpment forms a distinct lineage (Hofmeyr et al. 2017), which requires further investigation." 170524,Psammobates tentorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Psammobates,tentorius,,,,,"(Bell, 1828)","There has been confusion regarding the taxonomic status of the subspecies (P. t. tentorius, P. t. trimeni and P. t. verroxii) due to considerable colour and morphological variation and partially sympatric ranges. A recent phylogenetic study of southern African tortoise radiations indicates that P. tentorius consists of four to six deeply divergent lineages (Hofmeyr et al. 2017; Zhao et al. 2019a), suggesting a taxonomic revision is required." 174124,Pachydactylus vansoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,vansoni,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1933","Formerly a subspecies of Pachydactylus capensis, this species was raised to a full species (Jacobsen 1989). Pachydactylus vansoni as currently construed potentially contains cryptic species, in particular a “Highveld” and a “Lowveld” form (Jacobsen 1989)." 177543,Cordylus aridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,aridus,,,,,"Mouton & Van Wyk, 1994","The taxonomic status of species in the Cordylus minor complex (Mouton and Van Wyk 1994), which includes C. aridus, is being re-evaluated using molecular techniques (Bates et al. in prep.)." 110159298,Cordylus cloetei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,cloetei,,,,,"Mouton & Van Wyk, 1994","The taxonomic status of  forms in the Cordylus minor species complex (Mouton and Van Wyk 1994), to which C. cloetei belongs, are being re-evaluated using molecular techniques (Bates et al. in prep.)." 174130,Lipinia miangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,miangensis,,,,,"(Werner, 1910)", 11004,Kinixys natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Kinixys,natalensis,,,,,"Hewitt, 1935",No taxonomic issues. 115696622,Carcharhinus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,obsoletus,,,,,"White, Kyne & Harris, 2019","The Lost Shark is a recently described, distinct, whaler shark of the Carcharhinus porosus subgroup (White et al. 2019a). Originally described as Carcharhinus obsolerus, the correct spelling is actually Carcharhinus obsoletus (Dubois and Seret 2019, White et al. 2019b)." 114178119,Scorpaenodes investigatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,investigatoris,,,,,"Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao, 1972", 114178151,Scorpaenodes muciparus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,muciparus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)", 39369,Carcharhinus hemiodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,hemiodon,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 60095,Urolophus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,javanicus,,,,,"(Martens, 1864)","The Java Stingaree is known only from the type specimen and is considered valid with the holotype housed at the Humboldt-Universität, Museum für Naturkunde, Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, Germany. It is a unique species of stingaree and its placement in the genus Urolophus is provisional (Last et al. 2016). It is the only known stingaree (family Urolophidae) from Java; the Kai Stingaree (Urolophus kaianus), the only other stingaree known from Indonesia, doesn't overlap with the historical range of the Java Stingaree (Last et al. 2016)." 114108750,Rentapia everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rentapia,everetti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",Provisionally arranged in the genus Rentapia by Chan et al. (2016). This is an expanded concept of Rentapia everetti following the synonymy of the former nomen with Rentapia rugosa by Chandramouli and Amarasinghe (2016). Further taxonomic work is required to ascertain the status of this species and R. rugosa (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018). 114178239,Scorpaenodes tribulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,tribulosus,,,,,"Eschmeyer, 1969", 29691,Ablepharus kitaibelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,kitaibelii,,,,,"Bibron & Bory St-Vincent, 1833","Schmidtler (1997) raised the subspecies budaki, chernovi, and rueppellii to full species status, thus restricting Ablepharus kitaibelii to southeastern Europe and west and central Turkey. However, the taxonomy of this species is currently under review (P. Lymberakis pers. comm.). Ljubisvljevic et al. (2002) examined geographic variation in parts of the Balkan peninsula. Poulakakis et al. (2005) showed that A. kitaibelii is not monophyletic, and that the population on the Kastelorizo Island group (Greece, off the Lycian coast of southwestern Turkey) is particularly distinct and deserves specific status. The remaining populations of A. kitaibelii consist of two clades, one comprising the populations inhabiting continental Greece and the west Aegean (Cyclades and Kithira) and Ionian (Leukada) islands, and the other comprising populations that inhabit the East Aegean islands (including ?Crete?) and Turkey." 115792225,Phrynopus lapidoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,lapidoides,,,,,"Lehr & Rodríguez, 2017", 115792235,Phrynopus unchog,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,unchog,,,,,"Lehr & Rodríguez, 2017", 84335525,Leptobrachella pyrrhops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,pyrrhops,,,,,"(Poyarkov, Rowley, Gogoleva, Vassilieva, Galoyan & Orlov, 2015)", 114173059,Cociella somaliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Cociella,somaliensis,,,,,"Knapp, 1996", 81909791,Grammoplites vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PLATYCEPHALIDAE,Grammoplites,vittatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)",This species has recently been removed from synonymy with G. scaber (Knapp and Imamura 2014). 115864780,Labeobarbus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,latirostris,,,,,"(Keilhack, 1908)","The species has undergone two revisions as a result of confusion over the species described by Keilhack (1908). It was widely known as Barbus eurystomus in early literature, including Tweddle (1996), and then as Barbus brevicauda following Seegers (1995), e.g. Tweddle and Skelton (2008). The errors were corrected by Vreven et al. (2016)." 115867306,Metriaclima nigrodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,nigrodorsalis,,,,,"Stauffer, Black & Konings, 2013", 55094095,Petrocephalus catostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,catostoma,,,,,"David & Poll, 1937","Whitehead and Greenwood (1959) synonymised P. degeni Boulenger, 1906 from Lake Victoria, Victoria Nile and Lake Nabugabo with P. catostoma catostoma (Günther, 1866). Kramer et al. (2012) revalidated P. degeni Boulenger, 1906, but only examined the holotype from the Katonga River (Lake Victoria, Uganda). The specimens from Victoria Nile, Lake Nabugabo and Lake Victoria should consequently still be considered as P. catostoma catostoma (D. Geelhand pers. comm. 2014).

The distribution of P. catostoma in southern Africa is now more restricted after the description of five new Petrocephalus species from the region (P. okavangensis, P. magnitrunci, P. magnoculis, P. petersi and P. longicapitis) by Kramer et al. (2012).

Further revision is needed as new collecting has revealed greater diversity than previously recognised. For instance, only one species of Petrocephalus has been listed in the Upper Zambezi River, but there are at least three species, all of which live sympatrically in the Katima Mulilo rapids in Namibia." 115873649,Metriaclima tarakiki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,tarakiki,,,,,"Stauffer, Black & Konings, 2013", 114178331,Scorpaenopsis cotticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,cotticeps,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 114178375,Scorpaenopsis gilchristi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,gilchristi,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)", 176738,Hydrophis platurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,platurus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","A recent molecular phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognizing a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and are followed by most recent authors (e.g., Leviton et al. 2014, Lillywhite et al. 2014, Rasmussen et al. 2014, Ukuwela et al. 2014, D'Anastasi et al. 2016, Rezaie-Atagholipour et al. 2016, Udyawer et al. 2015, Mirtschin et al. 2017).

A distinctive new subspecies of sea snake from inner-basin waters of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica has been described (Bessesen and Galbreath 2017). The Yellow sea snake, Hydrophis platurus ssp. xanthos Bessesen & Galbreath, 2017 is diagnosed by a notably smaller body size and nearly uniform yellow colouration, which contrasts with the black and yellow striae and tail spots or bands typical of the species (Bessesen and Galbreath 2017)." 61192,Achondrostoma arcasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Achondrostoma,arcasii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 114178416,Scorpaenopsis lactomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,lactomaculata,,,,,"(Herre, 1945)", 114178539,Scorpaenopsis longispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,longispina,,,,,"Randall & Eschmeyer, 2001", 109462980,Ctenotus astictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,astictus,,,,,"Horner, 1995", 136107,Kaloula aureata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,aureata,,,,,"Nutphand, 1989","We follow Pauwels and Chérot (2006) in considering Kaloula aureata to be a separate species K. macrocephala, contrary to Ohler (2003)." 116029799,Hemigrammocypris neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Hemigrammocypris,neglectus,,,,,"Stieler, 1907", 114178601,Scorpaenopsis rubrimarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenopsis,rubrimarginata,,,,,"Fricke, Durville & Mulochau, 2013", 116033622,Biwia zezera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Biwia,zezera,,,,,"(Ishikawa, 1895)", 213,Acheilognathus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,longipinnis,,,,,"Regan, 1905", 116034662,Lefua echigonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Lefua,echigonia,,,,,Jordan & Richardson 1907, 116034931,Tachysurus tokiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,tokiensis,,,,,"(Döderlein, 1887)", 116034997,Tachysurus aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,aurantiacus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 116035071,Liobagrus reinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Liobagrus,reinii,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1878", 116035119,Pungitius kaibarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,kaibarae,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1915)", 116035203,Cottus nozawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,nozawae,,,,,"Snyder, 1911", 114157725,Ungusurculus philippinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Ungusurculus,philippinensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 116114190,Acoryphella robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acoryphella,robusta,,,,,"Baccetti, 1984", 116114192,Acoryphella agilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acoryphella,agilis,,,,,"Baccetti, 1984", 116114196,Acoryphella zonata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acoryphella,zonata,,,,,"Giglio-Tos, 1907", 116114249,Acrophymus acuticercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,acuticercus,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1995", 116114268,Acrophymus cuspidatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,cuspidatus,,,,,"(Karsch, 1900)",Taxonomic research is required to clarify whether the northern (Tanzanian) and southern (Zambian) subpopulations indeed belong to the same species. 116114307,Acrophymus lobipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,lobipennis,,,,,"Miller, 1949", 116114322,Acrophymus ocreatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,ocreatus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1953", 116114331,Acrophymus rossi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,rossi,,,,,"Dirsh, 1963", 116114335,Acrophymus sigmoidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,sigmoidalis,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1889)", 116114360,Acrophymus squamipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,squamipennis,,,,,"(Brancsik, 1897)", 116114382,Acrophymus veseyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrophymus,veseyi,,,,,"Dirsh, 1963", 116114418,Amblyphymus adspersus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amblyphymus,adspersus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1890)", 116114431,Amblyphymus matopo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amblyphymus,matopo,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116114437,Amblyphymus miniatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amblyphymus,miniatus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1922", 116114451,Amblyphymus roseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amblyphymus,roseus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1922", 116114454,Amblyphymus rubidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amblyphymus,rubidus,,,,,"Brown, 1959", 116114457,Amblyphymus rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amblyphymus,rubripes,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116114460,Amblyphymus transvaalicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Amblyphymus,transvaalicus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116114482,Anabibia thoracica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Anabibia,thoracica,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116114502,Aneuryphymus erythropus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Aneuryphymus,erythropus,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1815)", 116114515,Aneuryphymus montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Aneuryphymus,montanus,,,,,"Brown, 1960", 116114518,Aneuryphymus rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Aneuryphymus,rhodesianus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1922", 116114528,Brachyphymus basuto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Brachyphymus,basuto,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116114537,Brachyphymus siloana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Brachyphymus,siloana,,,,,"Willemse, 1994", 116114541,Brachyphymus vylderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Brachyphymus,vylderi,,,,,"(Stål, 1876)", 116114578,Calliptamicus antennatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamicus,antennatus,,,,,"(Kirby, 1902)",The genus Calliptamicus is in need of taxonomic revision. 116114586,Calliptamicus semiroseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamicus,semiroseus,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)",The genus Calliptamicus is in need of taxonomic revision. 116114640,Calliptamulus hyalinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamulus,hyalinus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1922",The genus Calliptamulus is in need of taxonomic revision. 116114643,Calliptamulus natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamulus,natalensis,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1913)",The genus Calliptamulus is in need of taxonomic revision. 116114650,Calliptamulus sulfurescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Calliptamulus,sulfurescens,,,,,"Uvarov, 1922",The genus Calliptamulus is in need of taxonomic revision. 116114672,Catantopoides minutissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Catantopoides,minutissimus,,,,,"Johnsen, 1990", 116114689,Euryphymus eremobioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euryphymus,eremobioides,,,,,"Bolívar, 1889", 116114692,Euryphymus exemptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euryphymus,exemptus,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 116114699,Euryphymus haematopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euryphymus,haematopus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 116114706,Euryphymus kalahariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euryphymus,kalahariensis,,,,,"Barker, 1985", 116114709,Euryphymus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Euryphymus,tuberculatus,,,,,"Martínez y Fernández-Castillo, 1898", 116114722,Kevanacris squamiptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kevanacris,squamiptera,,,,,"(Kevan, 1951)", 116114757,Pachyphymus carinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pachyphymus,carinatus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116114760,Pachyphymus cristulifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pachyphymus,cristulifer,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 116114770,Pachyphymus namaquensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Pachyphymus,namaquensis,,,,,"Bazelet & Naskrecki, 2014", 116114839,Phymeurus angolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,angolensis,,,,,"Mason, 1966", 116114858,Phymeurus bigranosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,bigranosus,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1922)", 116114885,Phymeurus brachypterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,brachypterus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1889)", 116114919,Phymeurus chianga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,chianga,,,,,"Mason, 1966", 116114994,Phymeurus granulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,granulatus,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1922)", 116115001,Phymeurus hamatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,hamatus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1931)", 116115026,Phymeurus illepidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,illepidus,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 116115039,Phymeurus kisuluensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,kisuluensis,,,,,"Rowell, 2015", 116115042,Phymeurus lomaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,lomaensis,,,,,"Roy, 1964", 116115294,Phymeurus machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,machadoi,,,,,"Mason, 1966", 116115297,Phymeurus macropterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,macropterus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1929)", 116115497,Phymeurus morotoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,morotoensis,,,,,"Rowell, 2015", 116115500,Phymeurus nimbaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,nimbaensis,,,,,"Chopard, 1958", 116115503,Phymeurus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1929)", 116115528,Phymeurus pardalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,pardalis,,,,,"Giglio-Tos, 1907", 116115531,Phymeurus reductus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,reductus,,,,,"(Ramme, 1929)", 116115558,Phymeurus rhodesianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,rhodesianus,,,,,"Mason, 1966", 116115561,Phymeurus rufipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,rufipes,,,,,"(Ramme, 1929)", 116115607,Phymeurus tricostatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Phymeurus,tricostatus,,,,,"(Bolívar, 1889)", 116115715,Platacanthoides bituberculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Platacanthoides,bituberculatus,,,,,"Uvarov, 1922", 116115718,Platacanthoides morosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Platacanthoides,morosus,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 116115726,Platacanthoides reductus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Platacanthoides,reductus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116115917,Plegmapteroides minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Plegmapteroides,minutus,,,,,"Dirsh, 1959", 116115927,Plegmapteropsis gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Plegmapteropsis,gracilis,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116115966,Plegmapterus fernandezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Plegmapterus,fernandezi,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1922)", 116116042,Plegmapterus irisus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Plegmapterus,irisus,,,,,"(Serville, 1838)", 116116055,Plegmapterus saturatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Plegmapterus,saturatus,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 116116062,Plegmapterus sinuosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Plegmapterus,sinuosus,,,,,"(Martínez y Fernández-Castillo, 1898)", 116116075,Plegmapterus splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Plegmapterus,splendens,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956",Individuals from the northern part of Namibia differ morphologically and further studies are needed to clarify if they represent a unique subspecies or even species (Naskrecki 1995). 116116091,Rhachitopis brachypterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopis,brachypterus,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1992", 116116100,Rhachitopis brincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopis,brincki,,,,,"Dirsh, 1956", 116116103,Rhachitopis crassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopis,crassus,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 116116116,Rhachitopis curvipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopis,curvipes,,,,,"(Stål, 1876)", 116116123,Rhachitopis melanopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopis,melanopus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1838)", 116116187,Rhachitopis nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopis,nigripes,,,,,"Uvarov, 1922", 116116191,Rhachitopis sanguinipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopis,sanguinipes,,,,,"Brown, 1960", 116116201,Rhachitopoides helenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhachitopoides,helenae,,,,,"Naskrecki, 1995", 116116220,Rhodesiana cuneicerca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhodesiana,cuneicerca,,,,,"Johnsen, 1982", 116116235,Rhodesiana maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Rhodesiana,maculata,,,,,"Dirsh, 1959", 116116264,Somaliacris rugosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Somaliacris,rugosa,,,,,"Dirsh, 1959", 116116344,Surudia aptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Surudia,aptera,,,,,"Kevan, 1956", 116116349,Surudia somalica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Surudia,somalica,,,,,"Dirsh, 1961", 114176786,Cottunculus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PSYCHROLUTIDAE,Cottunculus,spinosus,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1906", 114177120,Psychrolutes macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PSYCHROLUTIDAE,Psychrolutes,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1904)",This species has been recognised as a distinct species from Psychrolutes inermis and is considered the more abundant species in South Africa (Nelson et al. 1985). 114178726,Sebastes capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SEBASTIDAE,Sebastes,capensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Sebastes capensis is the only species in this genus to be described around the coasts of South Africa and the Southern Atlantic. All other species are described from Peru and Chile in the southeastern Pacific. Comparisons of colour patterns and morphological characteristics have not revealed features allowing for specific separation. S. capensis is the only species to be identified in the southern hemisphere according to taxonomic revisions, though more research is needed (Rocha-Olivares et al. 1999)." 114158419,Callionymus umbrithorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Callionymus,umbrithorax,,,,,"Fowler, 1941", 114179335,Choridactylus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Choridactylus,natalensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1902)", 114179392,Choridactylus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Choridactylus,striatus,,,,,"Mandrytsa, 1993", 114179475,Inimicus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Inimicus,filamentosus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 114179505,Inimicus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Inimicus,sinensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 114179753,Minous coccineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Minous,coccineus,,,,,"Alcock, 1890", 21775,Thomasomys eleusis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,eleusis,,,,,"Thomas, 1926","Pacheco (2003) distinguished Thomasomys eleusis from T. cinereus and T. ischyrus, as a valid species. In addition, T. eleusis was found allied to T. incanus in the same clade." 21781,Thomasomys ladewi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,ladewi,,,,,"Anthony, 1926",This is a species complex that is under revision (V. Pacheco pers. comm.). 21784,Thomasomys niveipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,niveipes,,,,,"(Thomas, 1896)", 21785,Thomasomys notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,notatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1917", 21786,Thomasomys oreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,oreas,,,,,"Anthony, 1926", 21792,Thomasomys taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,taczanowskii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1882)", 19710,Rhyncholestes raphanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PAUCITUBERCULATA,CAENOLESTIDAE,Rhyncholestes,raphanurus,,,,,"Osgood, 1924", 114179950,Minous longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Minous,longimanus,,,,,"Regan, 1908",This species was historically synonymised with M. inermis but confirmed a distinct species in 1981 (Amaoka and Kanayama 1981). 114179968,Synanceia horrida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Synanceia,horrida,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 114180058,Synanceia verrucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Synanceia,verrucosa,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801", 114180108,Trachicephalus uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SYNANCEIIDAE,Trachicephalus,uranoscopus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 39258,Celestus anelpistus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,anelpistus,,,,,"(Schwartz, Graham & Duval, 1979)", 116419882,Coleodactylus elizae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Coleodactylus,elizae,,,,,"Gonçalves, Torquato, Skuk & Araújo Sena, 2012", 114180377,Ablabys binotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Ablabys,binotatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)", 116423209,Zuninoeus hoppei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GEOTRUPIDAE,Zuninoeus,hoppei,,,,,"(Sturm & Hagenbach, 1825)","The taxonomy and phylogeny are well known (Zunino 1984, Löbl and Smetana 2006, Baraud 1966a, Lopez-Colon 1989, 1995d; Palmer and Cambefort 1997)." 114180416,Coccotropsis gymnoderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Coccotropsis,gymnoderma,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1906)", 114180444,Ocosia ramaraoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Ocosia,ramaraoi,,,,,"Poss & Eschmeyer, 1975", 58998,Rhacophorus hoanglienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,hoanglienensis,,,,,"Orlov, Lathrop, Murphy & Ho, 2001", 9022,Chelonoidis guntheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,guntheri,,,,,"(Baur, 1889)","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy was largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises, while synonymizing the four central and southern Isabela Island populations (vicina, guntheri, microphyes, and vandenburghi) under C. vicina. However, TTWG (2017) and this Red List assessment now treat these four Isabela Island taxa, previously treated as subspecies of vicina, as separate and valid species, rather than retaining their previous rankings.

The taxonomy of the C. vicina species complex remains less resolved than for other Galápagos taxa, with four taxa on central (microphyes, vandenburghi) and southern (guntheri, vicina) Isabela treated here as a series of four recognized species. These most recently diverged lineages may not have been completely sorted into reciprocally monophyletic clades in terms of mitochondrial DNA data, although their nuclear gene pools are distinct (Ciofi et al. 2006, Poulakakis et al. 2008, Edwards et al. 2014). They may possibly represent subspecies or Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) rather than full species (Edwards et al. 2014). TTWG (2009, 2014), following Pritchard (1996), synonymized these four taxa under C. vicina, but in consideration of the majority of the assessors’ view that they may be full species, TTWG (2017) and the Red List now treats them as separate species.

Tortoises from southern Isabela Island have also been referred to as C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) vicina for the southwestern Cerro Azul population and C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) guentheri or C. (n.) guntheri for the southeastern Sierra Negra subpopulation. The guentheri and guntheri names have previously either been considered nomina dubia and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology. Tortoises from Darwin Volcano on north central Isabela have historically been recognized as C. (n.) microphyes, a name that has previously been considered either a nomen dubium and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology (review by Pritchard 1996). Tortoises from Alcedo Volcano on central Isabela have traditionally been recognized as C. (n.) vandenburghi, but were previously synonymized under C. (n.) vicina based on morphology (Pritchard 1996; Fritz and Havas 2007; TTWG 2009, 2014).

All these taxa have in the past variously been argued to be valid at species or subspecies level (under either elephantopus and/or nigra), and placed in the genera Testudo, Geochelone, or Chelonoidis, and these permutations, plus a variety of typographic errors, have yielded over 50 nomenclatural combinations and chresonyms." 9025,Chelonoidis microphyes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,microphyes,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy was largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises, while synonymizing the four central and southern Isabela Island populations (vicina, guntheri, microphyes, and vandenburghi) under C. vicina. However, TTWG (2017) and this Red List assessment now treat these four Isabela Island taxa, previously treated as subspecies of vicina, as separate and valid species, rather than retaining their previous rankings.

The taxonomy of the C. vicina species complex remains less resolved than for other Galápagos taxa, with four taxa on central (microphyes, vandenburghi) and southern (guntheri, vicina) Isabela treated here as a series of four recognized species. These most recently diverged lineages may not have been completely sorted into reciprocally monophyletic clades in terms of mitochondrial DNA data, although their nuclear gene pools are distinct (Ciofi et al. 2006, Poulakakis et al. 2008, Edwards et al. 2014). They may possibly represent subspecies or Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) rather than full species (Edwards et al. 2014). TTWG (2009, 2014), following Pritchard (1996), synonymized these four taxa under C. vicina, but in consideration of the majority of the assessors’ view that they may be full species, TTWG (2017) and the Red List now treats them as separate species.

Tortoises from southern Isabela Island have also been referred to as C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) vicina for the southwestern Cerro Azul population and C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) guentheri or C. (n.) guntheri for the southeastern Sierra Negra subpopulation. The guentheri and guntheri names have previously either been considered nomina dubia and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology. Tortoises from Darwin Volcano on north central Isabela have historically been recognized as C. (n.) microphyes, a name that has previously been considered either a nomen dubium and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology (review by Pritchard 1996). Tortoises from Alcedo Volcano on central Isabela have traditionally been recognized as C. (n.) vandenburghi, but were previously synonymized under C. (n.) vicina based on morphology (Pritchard 1996; Fritz and Havas 2007; TTWG 2009, 2014).

All these taxa have in the past variously been argued to be valid at species or subspecies level (under either elephantopus and/or nigra), and placed in the genera Testudo, Geochelone, or Chelonoidis, and these permutations, plus a variety of typographic errors, have yielded over 50 nomenclatural combinations and chresonyms." 114180459,Paracentropogon longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Paracentropogon,longispinis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 114180492,Pseudovespicula dracaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Pseudovespicula,dracaena,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 61693,Ceylonthelphusa cavatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Ceylonthelphusa,cavatrix,,,,,"(Bahir, 1998)","This species was formerly included in the Parathelphusidae but has recently been reassigned to the Gecarcinucidae; Parathelphusidae is now regarded as a junior synonym of Gecarcinucidae (Klause et al. in press)." 39356,Mustelus lenticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,lenticulatus,,,,,"Phillipps, 1932", 41719,Apristurus exsanguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,exsanguis,,,,,"Sato, Nakaya & Stewart, 1999","The genus Apristurus is one of the most taxonomically confused groups of sharks. Most species are superficially very similar and many have been poorly described. Sexual dimorphism in some species, and changes in body proportions with growth also complicate identification. There are at least seven species of Apristurus in New Zealand, however taxonomy and identification issues remain unresolved (Ford et al. 2015, Roberts et al. 2015)." 41752,Cephaloscyllium isabellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,isabellum,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 41799,Dipturus innominatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,innominatus,,,,,"(Garrick & Paul, 1974)", 41800,Dipturus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,nasutus,,,,,"(Banks, in Müller & Henle, 1841)", 41804,Etmopterus caudistigmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,caudistigmus,,,,,"Last, Burgess & Séret, 2002","Last, Burgess and Séret (2002) suggest that Etmopterus caudastigmus, E. splendidus and E. fusus might be placed within a different genus." 41809,Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,pseudosqualiolus,,,,,"Last, Burgess & Séret, 2002", 41814,Gollum attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE,Gollum,attenuatus,,,,,(Garrick 1954),"This species has been reported from New Caledonia in an unpublished checklist of fishes. However, the specimens from there represent an undescribed species of Gollum (Gollum sp. B in Ebert et al. 2013)." 41826,Hydrolagus bemisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,bemisi,,,,,"Didier, 2002", 41827,Hydrolagus novaezealandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,novaezealandiae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1911)", 41845,Parmaturus macmillani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,macmillani,,,,,"Hardy, 1985", 41860,Squalus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,melanurus,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979","Viana and de Carvalho (2018) propose S. rancureli as a junior synonym of S. melanurus, however the reported differences in colour pattern, morphology and mersitics indicate that further sampling, and a genetic comparison of the two nominal species is needed to support their synonymy. The distributions of Squalus melanurus and S. rancureli also need to be clarified through examination of collected materials. The correct taxonomic authority for this species requires clarification." 116863205,Typhlonarke aysoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Typhlonarke,aysoni,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1902)","Typhlonarke tarakea Phillipps, 1929 is probably based on a poorly preserved specimen of T. aysoni (Last et al. 2016), and the genus Typhlonarke is here treated as monospecific." 41870,Aulohalaelurus kanakorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Aulohalaelurus,kanakorum,,,,,"Séret, 1990", 44170,Bythaelurus dawsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,dawsoni,,,,,"(Springer, 1971)","The species was described in 1971 from nine specimens collected from southern New Zealand. However, the collection locality of the holotype and four paratypes was incorrectly reported as 44°32.5' S, 166°41' E which is in depths of several thousand metres; it should be 46°32.5' S, 166°41' E." 60091,Urolophus deforgesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,deforgesi,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2003", 60099,Urolophus neocaledoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,neocaledoniensis,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2003", 60101,Urolophus papilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,papilio,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2003",he taxonomy for this species was recently resolved and described. Specifically it is distinct from congeners in the Coral Sea. 161382,Bathyraja shuntovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,shuntovi,,,,,"Dolganov, 1985", 161414,Brochiraja leviveneta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,leviveneta,,,,,"Last & McEachran, 2006", 161420,Brochiraja spinifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,spinifera,,,,,"(Garrick & Paul, 1974)", 161469,Squalus raoulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,raoulensis,,,,,"Duffy & Last, 2007",The Kermadec Spiny Dogfish (Squalus raoulensis) is superficially very similar to the Northern Spiny Dogfish (S. griffini) but is a member of the S. megalops–cubensis species complex. 161500,Brochiraja microspinifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,microspinifera,,,,,"Last & McEachran, 2006", 161509,Parmaturus albimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,albimarginatus,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2007", 161550,Brochiraja albilabiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,albilabiata,,,,,"Last & McEachran, 2006", 161552,Somniosus longus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Somniosus,longus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1912)","Somniosus longus from the Pacific Ocean has long been considered a synonym of S. rostratus from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea (Compagno 1984, Francis et al. 1988, Compagno 1999). Yano et al. (2004) resurrected S. longus on the basis of several morphological and meristic characters. However their sample sizes of S. longus and S. rostratus were too small to properly define the range of variation in these characters, so their conclusion needs verification using larger sample sizes and preferably DNA analyses. Nevertheless, S. longus has been considered valid by recent authors (Ebert et al. 2013)." 161577,Arhynchobatis asperrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Arhynchobatis,asperrimus,,,,,"Waite, 1909", 161602,Brochiraja asperula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,asperula,,,,,"(Garrick & Paul, 1974)", 161688,Brochiraja aenigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,aenigma,,,,,"Last & McEachran, 2006","Brochiraja aenigma remains poorly defined. A recent trawl survey to the type locality provided no additional specimens. Hence, its generic placement is provisional because features of adult males are unknown, and the only known female lacks a rostral thorn and is in a poor state of preservation. Within the southwest Pacific it is unique in appearance having a rounded disc covered in very fine granular denticles, a very long tail, and high meristic values (Last and McEachran 2006)." 161703,Squalus bucephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,bucephalus,,,,,"Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007", 161717,Scymnodon ringens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Scymnodon,ringens,,,,,"Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864", 161726,Parmaturus albipenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,albipenis,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2007", 195421,Asymbolus galacticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Asymbolus,galacticus,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2008", 195425,Galeus priapus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,priapus,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2008", 195466,Notoraja lira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,lira,,,,,"McEachran & Last, 2008",The Broken Ridge Skate (Notoraja lira) is a recently described species (McEachran and Last 2008). 195467,Notoraja sapphira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,sapphira,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2009","The Sapphire Skate (Notoraja sapphira) was first documented in 1996, when a single specimen was collected on the Norfolk Ridge, and thought to be a member of the genus Pavoraja (Séret in Grandperrin et al. 1997). In 2006, four more specimens were collected, and it was determined that the specimens were all part of the genus Notoraja (Last and Séret in Anonymous 2006). The Sapphire Skate was described from these five specimens, and comparison with its closest congener, Blue Skate (N. azurea), found the two species to be distinct." 195487,Squalus griffini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,griffini,,,,,"Phillipps, 1931","The Northern Spiny Dogfish (Squalus griffini) is a member of the S. mitsukurii species complex (‘mitsukurii-group’).

Garrick (1960) reviewed the Australasian species of Squalus and incorrectly synonymised S. griffini and S. fernandinus Molina, 1782 (sensu Bigelow and Schroeder 1948, 1957) with S. blainvillii (incorrect spelling of S. blainville (Risso, 1827), Eschmeyer 1998). Garrick recognised S. acanthias and S. blainville from New Zealand, and S. acanthias, S. blainville and S. megalops from Australia. Squalus blainville was thought to be widespread in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (Bigelow and Schroeder 1948, 1957; Garrick 1960). Chen et al. (1979) subsequently defined S. blainville from Japan as a species with high dorsal fins and long dorsal-fin spines. They observed that Squalus, referred to S. fernandinus and S. blainville by Bigelow and Schroeder (1948) and Garrick (1960) had short dorsal-fin spines and were more similar to S. mitsukurii from Japan, and suggested that nominal S. blainville from New Zealand could be identical to S. mitsukurii. Compagno (1984) also noted that dogfishes resembling S. mitsukurii occurred off Australia and New Zealand, and did not recognise S. blainville from the Southern Hemisphere. As a consequence this species was widely synonymised with S. mitsukurii (Paulin et al. 1989, Yano in Amaoka et al. 1990, Roberts 1991, Paul and Heath 1997, Cox and Francis 1997, Anderson et al. 1998, Compagno et al. 2005). Last and Stevens (1994) provisionally mapped New Zealand populations as S. mitsukurii but suggested that regional forms may represent a species complex. This species was formally resurrected and re-described by Duffy and Last (2007).

Genetic evidence indicates that a morphologically inseparable taxon occurring on Gascoyne Seamount, Tasman Seamount Chain, is a distinct species (Ward et al. 2007). Sequencing of the barcode region of mtDNA CO1 by Ward et al. (2007) groups this taxon with Squalus chloroculus but it is morphologically distinct from that species. The only specimen of this taxon is NMNZ P.38327." 114180533,Richardsonichthys leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Richardsonichthys,leucogaster,,,,,"(Richardson, 1848)", 114180644,Snyderina guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Snyderina,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)", 61417,Squatina aculeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,aculeata,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","Squatina aculeata is difficult to identify to the species level, therefore many of the records from fisher reports are often assigned only to the genus level. Misidentification is common." 61418,Squatina oculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,oculata,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1840","Squatina oculata is difficult to identify to the species level, therefore many of the records from fishermen reports are often assigned only to genus level." 48342528,Dactyloscopus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DACTYLOSCOPIDAE,Dactyloscopus,elongatus,,,,,"Myers & Wade, 1946",Formerly this species was considered a subspecies of Dactyloscopus fimbriatus (Hastings and Springer 2009). 116821188,Dendrelaphis keiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,keiensis,,,,,"(Mertens, 1926)", 6736,Discus macclintocki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Discus,macclintocki,,,,,"(F.C. Baker, 1928)", 116824832,Dendrelaphis sinharajensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,sinharajensis,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, 2016", 44571,Squatina armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,armata,,,,,"(Philippi, 1887)","The Chilean Angelshark (Squatina armata), has previously been considered to be conspecific with the Pacific Angelshark (S. californica). Recent molecular evidence places S. armata as the sister taxon to the Neotropical angel sharks, indicating it is a distinct species (Stelbrink et al. 2010). Given its prior taxonomic placement, some literature on the elasmobranch fauna of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia list S. californica as part of their coastal fauna, while others only mention S. armata. To add to the confusion, some country checklists include both S. armata and S. californica (see Cornejo et al. 2015). These records of S. californica occurring sympatrically with S. armata are likely incorrect, thus for the purpose of this assessment all angel shark records in the Southeast Pacific are considered to be S. armata. Further research is needed to elucidate the distributions of S. armata and S. californica, particularly in the Pacific coast of Central America and the northwest coast of South America." 39329,Squatina argentina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,argentina,,,,,"(Marini, 1930)","There is some controversy concerning the taxonomy and nomenclature of Squatina species of the Southwest Atlantic. Squatina occulta described by Vooren and da Silva (1991) has been regarded as being a junior synonym of S. guggenheim by Soto (2001) in a species-level checklist of the region. Although evidence was not given to support this statement, Bernardes et al. (2005) followed Soto’s proposal. However, later studies have re-evaluated the species’ validity. The validity of S. occulta Vooren and da Silva, 1991 as a distinct species has been confirmed through the study of mitochondrial DNA by Stelbrink et al. (2010) and in a comparative study of Southwest Atlantic Squatina neurocrania (Carvalho et al. 2012). Both studies also recognized S. argentina, S. guggenheim, and S. occulta as the only valid species in the Southwest Atlantic (preceding the description of new species since that time, S. david and S. varii)." 116847578,Neotrygon kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,kuhlii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)",The taxonomy and nomenclature of the Neotrygon kuhlii species-complex has been problematic. It has largely been resolved with the description of several new species (Last et al. 2016). 116850766,Taeniura lymma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Taeniura,lymma,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","This species formerly included Teanira lessoni, which is now recognised as a separate species (Last et al. 2016)." 116855477,Taeniura lessoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Taeniura,lessoni,,,,,"Last, White & Naylor, 2016","Taeniura lessoni Last, White & Naylor, 2016 has recently been described as distinct from the wide-ranging T. lymma (Forsskål, 1775).

" 116855925,Himantura australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Himantura,australis,,,,,"Last, White & Naylor, 2016","This species has strong molecular divergence from the once conspecific Coach Whipray (Himantura uarnak) and from another reticulate whipray, Honeycomb Whipray (Himantura undulata) (Last et al. 2016a). It can be morphologically distinguished from the Coach Whipray by a more pronounced reticulate pattern in adults, with work to elucidate smaller individuals still in progress, and it can be distinguished from the Honeycomb Whipray by smaller reticulations and a lack of suprascapular denticles (Last et al. 2016a)." 116855963,Telatrygon biasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Telatrygon,biasa,,,,,"Last, White & Naylor, 2016","This species belongs to the small, recently designated Telagtrygon genus that consists of four species in the tropical Indo-Pacific (Last et al. 2016a)." 116857982,Apristurus garricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,garricki,,,,,"Sato, Stewart & Nakaya, 2013", 116858686,Centroscymnus macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Centroscymnus,macracanthus,,,,,"Regan, 1906",Scymnodon plunketi may be a junior synonym of Centroscymnus macracanthus (White et al. 2015). Taxonomic clarification is required. 116861529,Tetronarce nobiliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,nobiliana,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1865)",Torpedo fairchildi and Torpedo macneilli were recently synonymized with the Great Torpedo Ray (Torpedo nobiliana) and the Western Atlantic Torpedo Ray (Tetronarce occidentalis) is now recognized as a valid species based on molecular data (Carvalho et al. 2016). 116862720,Tetronarce occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,occidentalis,,,,,"(Storer, 1843)","Previously included within Tetronarce nobiliana, T. occidentalis is now recognised as a separate species (Carvalho et al. 2016)." 116863615,Bathyraja leucomelanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,leucomelanos,,,,,"Iglésias & Lévy-Hartmann, 2012", 116863801,Bathyraja pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,pacifica,,,,,"Last, Stewart & Séret, 2016", 116864194,Brochiraja heuresa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,heuresa,,,,,"Last & Séret, 2012", 116864416,Brochiraja vittacauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Brochiraja,vittacauda,,,,,"Last & Séret, 2012", 116878521,Notoraja alisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,alisae,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2012", 116878536,Notoraja fijiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,fijiensis,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2012", 116878550,Notoraja inusitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,inusitata,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2012", 116878564,Notoraja longiventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,longiventralis,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2012", 116878608,Chimaera carophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,carophila,,,,,"Kemper, Ebert, Naylor & Didier, 2014", 116878630,Etmopterus viator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,viator,,,,,"Straube, 2011", 42704,Apristurus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,australis,,,,,"Sato, Nakaya & Yorozu, 2008",
116880225,Squatina caillieti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,caillieti,,,,,"Walsh, Ebert & Compagno, 2011", 116880357,Squatina david,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,david,,,,,"Acero P., Tavera, Anguila & Hernández, 2016","Until this species' formal description in 2016 (Acero et al. 2016), angel sharks caught in the southern Caribbean were thought to be Squatina dumeril. Further work is needed to determine whether and where the ranges of these two species overlap." 22698684,Pitta nympha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,nympha,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1850", 22683572,Tanysiptera hydrocharis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,hydrocharis,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22728459,Aegotheles tatei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,tatei,,,,,"Pratt, 2000", 22681052,Picoides ramsayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picoides,ramsayi,,,,,"(Hargitt, 1881)","Picoides ramsayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. Dendrocopos maculatus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into D. maculatus and D. ramsayi following Collar et al. (1999), who initially placed it in the genus Picoides. Subsequently, the genus Dendrocopos has been used, following Winkler and Christie (2002). Because this split was made in a BirdLife publication, the justification is repeated here in full (but the references are not supplied). Both Hachisuka (1931-1935) and Voous (1947) treated ramsayi as a separate species, and indeed it is so distinctive as to be arguably closer to Sulawesi Woodpecker P. temminckii than it is to P. maculatus (this view is also expressed, with the comment that ramsayi is ""the ancestor common to both"", by White and Bruce 1986), and given the evident morphological proximity of Brown-capped P. moluccensis, Grey-capped P. canicapillus and Pygmy Woodpeckers P. kizuki to both maculatus (non-Sulu forms) and ramsayi, there is no compelling reason to combine the latter two as a single species. Sulu birds differ from other Philippine forms in: replacing all black or dark brown with a mid-brown; lacking virtually all white spotting on wings and coverts; lacking black or dark brown spotting or streaking on the undersides; showing an ill-defined yellow or yellowish-orange breast-band, plus (in the male) a far more strongly developed red area on the nape. The specific separation of ramsayi is all the more arguable for the geographically closest representative of maculatus - fulvifasciatus of Mindanao and Basilan showing the strongest pied effect. The notion that these two forms are ""bridged"" by maculatus, with a throw-away description of ramsayi as ""aberrant"" (Salomonsen 1953), not only fails to deal with the suggestion of Voous (1947) that ramsayi represents an early invasion of the Philippines, but also misses the point that maculatus is not geographically interposed between the two forms it is supposed to bridge. It is worth noting that in the paper in which both ramsayi and fulvifasciatus were first established, the formal description of ramsayi compared it to temminckii rather than to maculatus (Hargitt 1881).

" 22711192,Sitta yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,yunnanensis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1900", 47403216,Eviota springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,springeri,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2012", 47403021,Eviota notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,notata,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2012", 22726585,Todiramphus reichenbachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,reichenbachii,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1852","

Todiramphus cinnamominus, T. pelewensis and T. reichenbachii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. cinnamominus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 116989381,Urocitellus mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,mollis,,,,,"Kennicott, 1863","Spermophilus canus and S. mollis formerly were included in S. townsendii. Baker et al. (2003) and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized the three taxa as distinct species, noting their distinct cytotypes and lack of hybridization. This species is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 116989724,Urocitellus nancyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,nancyae,,,,,"Nadler, 1968","Spermophilus townsendii nancyae  was included in S. townsendii. Yensen and Sherman 2003 and Yensen 2017 recognized S. t. nancyae as a distinct species , noting their differences in chromosome number (U. t. townsendii has 36 vs. 38 for U. t. nancyae). This species is now recognized under a new genus, Urocitellus (Helgen et al. 2009)." 116990322,Hybomys eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hybomys,eisentrauti,,,,,"Van der Straeten & Hutterer, 1986", 22695163,Icthyophaga ichthyaetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Icthyophaga,ichthyaetus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","The genus Icthyophaga (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously spelled Ichthyophaga." 22705675,Cyanolyca mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,mirabilis,,,,,"Nelson, 1903", 22682926,Eurystomus azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Eurystomus,azureus,,,,,"Gray, 1860", 22688651,Otus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,elegans,,,,,"(Cassin, 1852)", 61786867,Otus jolandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,jolandae,,,,,"Sangster, King, Verbelen & Trainor, 2013",Otus jolandae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly described by Sangster et al. (2013). 117006624,Siganus insomnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,insomnis,,,,,"Woodland & Anderson, 2014", 117007082,Siganus puelloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,puelloides,,,,,"Woodland & Randall, 1979", 117007235,Siganus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,stellatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 117007332,Siganus sutor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,sutor,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 117007442,Siganus virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,virgatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1835)", 117007700,Acanthistius joanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Acanthistius,joanae,,,,,"Heemstra, 2010", 117007716,Chelidoperca investigatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Chelidoperca,investigatoris,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 117007746,Chelidoperca maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Chelidoperca,maculicauda,,,,,"Bineesh & Akhilesh, 2013", 117007764,Chelidoperca occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Chelidoperca,occipitalis,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1973", 117007856,Diploprion drachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Diploprion,drachi,,,,,"Roux-Estève, 1955", 117007988,Liopropoma africanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,africanum,,,,,"(Smith, 1954)", 117008020,Liopropoma randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Liopropoma,randalli,,,,,"Akhilesh, Bineesh & White, 2012", 117008133,Luzonichthys microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Luzonichthys,microlepis,,,,,"(Smith, 1955)", 117008207,Meganthias filiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Meganthias,filiferus,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 2008", 117008255,Meganthias natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Meganthias,natalensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1925)", 117008369,Nemanthias carberryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Nemanthias,carberryi,,,,,"Smith, 1954", 117008482,Odontanthias caudicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Odontanthias,caudicinctus,,,,,"(Heemstra & Randall, 1986)", 117008614,Plectranthias alcocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,alcocki,,,,,"Bineesh, Gopalakrishnan & Jena, 2014", 117008646,Plectranthias elaine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,elaine,,,,,"Heemstra & Randall, 2009", 117008661,Plectranthias gardineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,gardineri,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 117008689,Plectranthias intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,intermedius,,,,,"(Kotthaus, 1973)", 117008715,Plectranthias maugei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,maugei,,,,,"Randall, 1980", 117008727,Plectranthias morgansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,morgansi,,,,,"(Smith, 1961)", 117008764,Plectranthias pelicieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,pelicieri,,,,,"Randall & Shimizu, 1994", 117016720,Pogonoperca ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pogonoperca,ocellata,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 117016730,Pseudanthias bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1955)", 117016738,Pseudanthias connelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,connelli,,,,,"(Heemstra & Randall, 1986)", 117016765,Pseudanthias conspicuus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,conspicuus,,,,,"(Heemstra, 1973)", 117016784,Pseudanthias evansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,evansi,,,,,"(Smith, 1954)", 117016801,Pseudanthias lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,lunulatus,,,,,"(Kotthaus, 1973)", 117016815,Pseudanthias marcia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,marcia,,,,,"Randall & Hoover, 1993", 117016819,Pseudanthias pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Heemstra & Randall, 1986)", 117016885,Pseudanthias taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,taeniatus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1884)", 117016908,Pseudanthias unimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Pseudanthias,unimarginatus,,,,,"Randall, 2011", 117016941,Rabaulichthys stigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Rabaulichthys,stigmaticus,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 1989", 117017108,Serranus novemcinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,novemcinctus,,,,,"Kner, 1864", 117017124,Suttonia suttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Suttonia,suttoni,,,,,"Smith, 1953",Suttonia lineata is a sister species of S.suttoni (Randall and Baldwin 1997). 117017134,Opistognathus adelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,adelus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2010", 117017138,Opistognathus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,afer,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2010", 117017142,Opistognathus dipharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,dipharus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2010", 117017146,Opistognathus longinaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,longinaris,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2010", 117017150,Opistognathus margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,margaretae,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 1983", 117017154,Opistognathus pardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,pardus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, Bineesh & Akhilesh, 2012", 22726521,Picus dedemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,dedemi,,,,,"(van Oort, 1911)","

Picus canus, P. guerini and P. dedemi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. canus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 117043719,Apocryptes bato,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Apocryptes,bato,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 117043730,Caffrogobius agulhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caffrogobius,agulhensis,,,,,"(Barnard, 1927)", 117043760,Caffrogobius caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caffrogobius,caffer,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 117043791,Caffrogobius gilchristi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caffrogobius,gilchristi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 117043805,Caffrogobius natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caffrogobius,natalensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 117043828,Coryogalops bretti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,bretti,,,,,"Goren, 1991", 117043856,Coryogalops bulejiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,bulejiensis,,,,,"(Hoda, 1983)", 117043864,Coryogalops ocheticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,ocheticus,,,,,"(Norman, 1927)", 117043884,Coryogalops sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryogalops,sordidus,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 117043921,Ego zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ego,zebra,,,,,"Randall, 1994", 117043928,Eugnathogobius indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eugnathogobius,indicus,,,,,"Larson, 2009", 117043966,Eviota bipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,bipunctata,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2016", 117043984,Eviota geminata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,geminata,,,,,"Greenfield & Bogorodsky, 2014", 117044000,Eviota indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,indica,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1980", 117044004,Eviota mikiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,mikiae,,,,,"Allen, 2001", 117044012,Eviota nigripinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,nigripinna,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1980","Eviota nigripinna resembles E. nebulosa but differs in its pelvic fin ray count, a solid dark first dorsal fin in males, having uniform predorsal bars, trunk coloration uniform brownish, a central peduncle spot, and scale pockets are not outlined (Lachner and Karnella 1980)." 117044031,Eviota oculopiperita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,oculopiperita,,,,,"Greenfield & Bogorodsky, 2014", 117044038,Hetereleotris apora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,apora,,,,,"(Hoese & Winterbottom, 1979)", 117044060,Hetereleotris bipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,bipunctata,,,,,"Tortonese, 1976", 117044064,Hetereleotris caminata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,caminata,,,,,"(Smith, 1958)", 117044072,Hetereleotris diademata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,diademata,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 117044080,Hetereleotris kenyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,kenyae,,,,,"Smith, 1958", 117044084,Hetereleotris margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,margaretae,,,,,"Hoese, 1986", 117044088,Hetereleotris nebulofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,nebulofasciata,,,,,"(Smith, 1958)", 117044130,Hetereleotris poecila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,poecila,,,,,"(Fowler, 1946)", 117044179,Hetereleotris tentaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,tentaculata,,,,,"(Smith, 1958)", 117044199,Hetereleotris vinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,vinsoni,,,,,"Hoese, 1986", 117044203,Hetereleotris zanzibarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,zanzibarensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1958)", 117044223,Hetereleotris zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Hetereleotris,zonata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 136139,Zhangixalus jarujini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,jarujini,,,,,"(Matsui & Panha, 2006)", 22693082,Gallinago nemoricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,nemoricola,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 183397,Abudefduf troschelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,troschelii,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 7137,Elephantulus revoilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Elephantulus,revoilii,,,,,"(Huet, 1881)","

In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera:  Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information.

" 117059920,Triops baeticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,NOTOSTRACA,TRIOPSIDAE,Triops,baeticus,,,,,"Korn, 2010", 117060520,Triops emeritensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,NOTOSTRACA,TRIOPSIDAE,Triops,emeritensis,,,,,"Korn & Pérez-Bote, 2010", 117060599,Triops gadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,NOTOSTRACA,TRIOPSIDAE,Triops,gadensis,,,,,"Korn & Garcia-de-Lomas, 2010", 117060633,Triops vicentinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,BRANCHIOPODA,NOTOSTRACA,TRIOPSIDAE,Triops,vicentinus,,,,,"Korn, Machado, Cristo & Cancela da Fonseca, 2010", 22715770,Liocichla omeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Liocichla,omeiensis,,,,,"Riley, 1926", 59026,Rhacophorus turpes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,turpes,,,,,"Smith, 1940","The taxonomic relationship of this species with Rhacophorus verrucopus, known only from nearby Medog, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, is not clear." 22726883,Actenoides excelsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,excelsus,,,,,"(Mayr, 1941)","

Actenoides bougainvillei and A. excelsus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. bougainvillei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22703671,Sericulus bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Sericulus,bakeri,,,,,"(Chapin, 1929)", 22713185,Hypsipetes siquijorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,siquijorensis,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)",

Hypsipetes siquijorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ixos siquijorensis.

 

41861,Squalus rancureli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,rancureli,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979","Viana and de Carvalho (2018) propose S. rancureli as a junior synonym of S. melanurus, however the reported differences in colour pattern, morphology and mersitics indicate that further sampling, and a genetic comparison of the two nominal species is needed to support their synonymy. The distributions of Squalus melanurus and S. rancureli also need to be clarified through examination of collected materials. The correct taxonomic authority for this species requires clarification." 22682525,Rhyticeros cassidix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhyticeros,cassidix,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)",Rhyticeros cassidix (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 22694103,Rhinoptilus bitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Rhinoptilus,bitorquatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1848)", 61868,Odorrana bolavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,bolavensis,,,,,"(Stuart & Bain, 2005)", 22697274,Zonerodius heliosylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Zonerodius,heliosylus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)", 22719008,Ploceus hypoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,hypoxanthus,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1788)", 22684581,Lorius garrulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lorius,garrulus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 21898,Coptodon kottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,kottae,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1904",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Tilapia kottae. It is now valid in the genus Coptodon as Coptodon kottae (Lönnberg 1904). 22683428,Todiramphus australasia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,australasia,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22722219,Kleinothraupis parodii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Kleinothraupis,parodii,,,,,"Weske & Terborgh, 1974","

Kleinothraupis parodii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103824105,Loxops wolstenholmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxops,wolstenholmei,,,,,"Rothschild, 1893","

Loxops coccineus, L. ochraceus and L. wolstenholmei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. coccineus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710101,Phoenicurus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,bicolor,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","

Phoenicurus bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Rhyacornis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 58870,Philautus maosonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,maosonensis,,,,,"Bourret, 1937","The taxonomic identity of this species compared to Philautus gryllus, P. bisacculus and Rhacophorus verrucosus is not certain, and nor is its allocation to the genus Philautus (Bossuyt and Dubois 2001)." 22708541,Turdus eremita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,eremita,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)",

Turdus eremita (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Nesocichla eremita.

58929,Philautus tytthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,tytthus,,,,,"Smith, 1940", 57820,Glyphoglossus molossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Glyphoglossus,molossus,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 22684671,Charmosyna toxopei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,toxopei,,,,,"(Siebers, 1930)", 61870,Amolops iriodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,iriodes,,,,,"(Bain & Nguyen, 2004)", 184575705,Amolops archotaphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,archotaphus,,,,,"(Inger & Chan-ard, 1997)",This species was previously hidden as a cryptic species within the Odorrana livida complex. We follow Stuart (2008) in assigning this species to the genus Amolops. 22735592,Acrocephalus musae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,musae,,,,,"(Forster, 1844)","

Acrocephalus caffer, A. musae and A. longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. caffer following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103889155,Zosterops conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,conspicillatus,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1832)",

Zosterops conspicillatus and Z. saypani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. conspicillatus following Slikas et al. (2000).

22697232,Oroanassa magnifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Oroanassa,magnifica,,,,,"(Ogilvie Grant, 1899)","

Oroanassa magnifica (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Gorsachius magnificus (del Hoyo et al. 2014). 

Analysis of the Gorsachius genome reveals that White-eared Night-heron G. magnificus (del Hoyo et al. 2014) is more closely related to egrets Egretta than to Gorsachius and Nycticorax night-herons, and hence appears to need the resuscitation of the genus Oroanassa to be appropriately accommodated in the ardeid phylogeny (Zhou et al. 2016).

The morphological differences between G. magnificus and the two other members of the genus, G. goisagi and G. melanolophus, are so striking (length and shape of bill, pattern of head and neck, thickness of neck-plumage, pattern on belly, size of toes) that their congeneric status appears entirely improbable. The revival of Oroanassa is therefore accepted by BirdLife, albeit with the proviso that we have undertaken no research to check if the genus Oroanassa (Peters, 1931) takes precedence over any other genus name proposed in the past, noting that the species seems fairly similar to the South American Calherodius (Bonaparte, 1855) meaning that, if found also to be genetically fairly close, it would qualify instead to be treated as Calherodius magnificus.

" 22725862,Todiramphus cinnamominus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,cinnamominus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1821)","

Todiramphus cinnamominus, T. pelewensis and T. reichenbachii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. cinnamominus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 117369659,Drawida eda,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,eda,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 117369716,Drawida hattamimizu,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,hattamimizu,,,,,"Hatai, 1930", 117370162,Drawida japonica,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,japonica,,,,,"(Michaelsen, 1892)", 117370694,Drawida keikiensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,keikiensis,,,,,"Kobayashi, 1938", 117370785,Drawida koreana,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,koreana,,,,,"Kobayashi, 1938", 117371150,Drawida nemora,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,nemora,,,,,"Kobayashi, 1936", 117371809,Criodrilus bathybates,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,CRIODRILIDAE,Criodrilus,bathybates,,,,,"Stephenson, 1917", 117372867,Eisenia japonica,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,LUMBRICIDAE,Eisenia,japonica,,,,,"(Michaelsen, 1891)", 117374223,Helodrilus hachiojii,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,LUMBRICIDAE,Helodrilus,hachiojii,,,,,"Blakemore, 2007","Szederjesi et al. (2014) proposed reallocation of this taxon to genus Eisenia rather than Helodrilus on the grounds of purported nephridial bladders in a some segments of a topotypic specimen that was responsibly deposited in a Hungarian Institution.  However these artefacts were already noted as being intermittently present in the type's original description and thus demanded classification as a derivation from vesiculate not applicable to Eisenia proper.  Possibly Szederjesi et al. (2014) wish to suggest that intermediates between Eisenia and Helodrilus belong in the former genus despite phylogenetic taxonomy requiring allocation to the latter, unless they consider the subordinate genus unsustainable in which case they should be merged.  Thus the argument remains that H. hachiojii has a derivation from wholly vesiculate nephridia and likely belongs in Helodrilus rather than in Eisenia as indeed was originally and conscientiously determined." 88095502,Limnonectes cintalubang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,cintalubang,,,,,"Matsui, Nishikawa & Eto, 2014", 12726,Malpulutta kretseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Malpulutta,kretseri,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1937", 13586,Mistichthys luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mistichthys,luzonensis,,,,,"Smith, 1902", 117017080,Sacura boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Sacura,boulengeri,,,,,"(Heemstra, 1973)", 135822,Leptobrachella melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,melanoleuca,,,,,"(Matsui, 2006)", 48342104,Meiacanthus abruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Meiacanthus,abruptus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Allen, 2011", 22714155,Zosterops kuehni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,kuehni,,,,,"Hartert, 1906", 39332,Squatina squatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,squatina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Angel sharks (Squatina spp.) in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean are difficult to identify to species level, therefore many of the records from fishermen reports in the Mediterranean are often assigned only to genus level. Squatina squatina is the only species to occur in the Northeast Atlantic from Portugal northwards." 136076,Odorrana gigatympana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,gigatympana,,,,,"(Orlov, Ananjeva & Ho, 2006)", 48342358,Omobranchus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omobranchus,robertsi,,,,,"Springer, 1981", 48342180,Omox lupus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Omox,lupus,,,,,"Springer, 1981", 41240,Alcalus tasanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Alcalus,tasanae,,,,,"(Smith, 1921)", 22682541,Rhyticeros subruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhyticeros,subruficollis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)",Rhyticeros subruficollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 22684795,Cacatua haematuropygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,haematuropygia,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22698738,Sarcophanops steerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Sarcophanops,steerii,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1876)",

Sarcophanops steerii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eurylaimus steerii.

 

20498,Urocitellus endemicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Urocitellus,endemicus,,,,,"Yensen, 1991","Formerly in genus Spermophilus (Helgen et al. 2009). Yensen (1991) and Gill and Yensen (1992) suggested the two subspecies, Urocitellus b. brunneus and U. b. endemicus, could be full species. Although Thorington and Hoffmann (2005) listed endemicus as a synonym of brunneus, genetic studies by Hoisington-Lopez et al. (2012) confirmed the two are full species. U. brunneus and U. endemicus are now recognized as monotypic species." 117636365,Cecilioides barbozae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,barbozae,,,,,"(Maltzan, 1886)", 181657,Enteromius kerstenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,kerstenii,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)","According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius kerstenii (Peters 1868). This group needs revision: several populations are currently included in this species. They might represent distinct taxa (Seegers et al. 2003). 

Previous subspecific distinction (B. kerstenii kerstenii and B. kerstenii luhondo Pappenheim & Boulenger, 1914) is not maintained (De Vos and Thys van den Audenaerde 1990). Indeed,  B. luhondo Pappenheim & Boulenger, 1914 and B. kerstenii luhondo are considered junior synonyms of B. neumayeri Fischer, 1884 (De Vos and Thys van den Audenaerde 1990).

" 60376,Enteromius paludinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,paludinosus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius paludinosus (Peters, 1852). The species has a wide distribution throughout eastern and southern Africa, with some differences between populations that may result in some populations being regarded as distinct species in future. " 91157286,Enteromius radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,radiatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1853)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus but is now considered valid in the genus Enteromius (Yang et al. 2015).
This is now considered to be a species complex, but until further studies are done it is treated here as a single species." 117643983,Diplotaxodon altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,altus,,,,,"Stauffer, Phiri & Konings, 2018", 117644040,Diplotaxodon longimaxilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,longimaxilla,,,,,"Stauffer, Phiri & Konings, 2018", 117644195,Chindongo bellicosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,bellicosus,,,,,"Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016", 13653,Monachus monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PHOCIDAE,Monachus,monachus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1779)","The Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) is the sole representative of the genus Monachus (Scheel et al. 2014). Differences in skull morphology between Mediterranean Monk Seals from the Atlantic and the western Mediterranean, including differences in the occurrence of dental aberrations, have been suggested based on a limited sample size (van Bree 1979). Examination of mitochondrial DNA has also indicated genetic differences between Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean Monk Seal populations: only one haplotype was found in Monk Seals in Madeira and Cabo Blanco in the Atlantic in contrast to four different haplotypes found in Monk Seals in the eastern Mediterranean (i.e., Libya, Croatia, and Greece; Karamanlidis et al. 2014a). Furthermore, a comparison of 24 nuclear microsatellite loci in eastern Mediterranean and western Sahara (Atlantic) Monk Seals showed that the first group had 14 unique alleles and the second had 18; highly significant differences in allele frequencies between the two subpopulations were found for 14 out of 17 loci (Pastor et al. 2007). All this suggests substantial (genetic) differentiation between subpopulations, but to date, no separation of this species has been suggested taxonomically." 22715480,Helopsaltes pryeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Helopsaltes,pryeri,,,,,"(Seebohm, 1884)","As part of their overhaul of the Locustellidae (see below) Alström et al. (2018) introduced the generic name Helopsaltes to cover the monophyletic group of Locustella warbler species ochotensis, pleskei, certhiola, pryeri, fasciolata and amnicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). They found no morphological diagnostic characters, but identified a clear difference in voice. 
Previously L. pryeri (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) was placed in Megalurus, but morphological features (bill and foot structure, length of undertail-coverts, wing formula) and molecular data place it within Helopsaltes (Alström et al. 2018). Subspecies sinensis suggested as perhaps a separate species, but although it is whitish vs pale grey from throat to belly (1), with less extensive and paler rufous flanks (2) and paler upperparts (1), the voices are near-identical. Two subspecies recognized." 117727697,Cochlostoma scalariniforme,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,scalariniforme,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1906)","Originally, this species was described as a subspecies of C. sturanii (Wagner, 1906). Zallot et al. (2015) claimed that it is distinct from C. sturanii sensu stricto and from C. sturanii zawinkanum as well. In that paper, it was tentatively assigned to the subgenus Wagneriola, together with C. scalarinum.

The problem with this taxon is that Wagner provided several type localities, namely “Celebic, Zeljeznicatal, Bistricatal bei Sarajevo, Berg Stolac in Bosnien [with the note “slender, with thin, close by ribs”], Jablanica, Plasa bei Jablanica, Prenjgebirge in der Herzegowina, Girowa pecina, Botun und Skrecko jezero am Durmitor in Montenegro, Mali Senjt bei Oroshi im Mirditagebirge, Nordalbanien [with the note “body whorl bigger; ribs on the central whorls more spaced]. Berg Maranaj bei Skutari in Albanien [with the note “spotless”]. Baba bei Gacko in der Herzegowina [with the note “dense and fine ribbing”]. Mrtwanje auf der Bjelasnica südwestlich von Sarajewo [with the note: ”more developed and strong lip of the aperture""]""; and most probably these localities host more than one species. Until, in the frame of a revision, a lectotype is designated (and only one site remains as type locality), we can not clarify its status and relation to mnelense. Only after a lectotype designation can we tell which of these species/populations should be assigned to ""scalariniformis"" and which one(s) should be described as new taxa." 156922,Azorivitrina brumalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Azorivitrina,brumalis,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","Morelet described seven species of the genus and subsequent authors have reduced this number in various ways. Mordan and Martins (2001) revised the group and considered Vitrina mollis, from Terceira Island, to be a junior synonym of Vitrina brumalis.

The genus Plutoria was created by Alonso et al. (2000). The group was revised in Mordan and Martins (2001), and then again by Giusti et al. (2011) who, based on a phylogenetic study, reported that the genus Plutonia was not supported, and created a new genus, Azorivitrina." 157003,Azorivitrina brevispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Azorivitrina,brevispira,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)","The genus Plutoria was created by Alonso et al. (2000). The group was revised in Mordan and Martins (2001), and then again by Giusti et al. (2011) who, based on a phylogenetic study, reported that the genus Plutonia was not supported, and created a new genus, Azorivitrina. Following Giusti et al. (2011) this species was moved from the genus Plutonia to the new genus, Azorivitrina." 156646,Azorivitrina finitima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Azorivitrina,finitima,,,,,"(A. Morelet, 1860)","Following Giusti et al. (2011) this species was moved from the genus Plutonia to the new genus, Azorivitrina." 157074,Azorivitrina laxata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Azorivitrina,laxata,,,,,"(A. Morelet, 1860)","Following Giusti et al. (2011) this species was moved from the genus Plutonia to the new genus, Azorivitrina." 47407568,Pseudochromis chrysospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,chrysospilus,,,,,"Gill & Zajonz, 2011", 47407633,Pseudochromis socotraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,socotraensis,,,,,"Gill & Zajonz, 2011", 117808957,Labeotropheus chlorosiglos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labeotropheus,chlorosiglos,,,,,"Pauers, 2016", 117809022,Labeotropheus simoneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labeotropheus,simoneae,,,,,"Pauers, 2016", 22716984,Curruca undata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,undata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Geographical variation rather limited and partially clinal; nominate subspecies intergrades widely with dartfordiensis in SW France and NW Iberia and with toni in S Iberia. Proposed subspecies corsa (from Corsica) and naevalbens (from SE Italy) fall within range of variation of nominate and thus are synonymized with it; similarly, aremorica (from NW France) is synonymized with dartfordiensis, and tingitana (from Morocco) with toni. Three subspecies recognized." 117839264,Apristurus nakayai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,nakayai,,,,,"Iglésias, 2012", 117849489,Pseudotropheus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,fuscus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 22693190,Numenius arquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,arquata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 89256506,Theloderma laeve,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,laeve,,,,,"(Smith, 1924)",Theloderma bambusicolum has been synonymized under T. laeve by Poyarkov et al. (2015). 41413,Sorex preblei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,preblei,,,,,"Jackson, 1922", 22697604,Pelecanus philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,philippensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 4652,Chinchilla lanigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CHINCHILLIDAE,Chinchilla,lanigera,,,,,"Bennett, 1829", 22693604,Esacus recurvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Esacus,recurvirostris,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 118037579,Aphyocharax colifax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Aphyocharax,colifax,,,,,"Taphorn & Thomerson, 1991", 118037631,Aphyocharax yekwanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Aphyocharax,yekwanae,,,,,"Willink, Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2003", 118037649,Apistogramma caudomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,caudomaculata,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 118037667,Apistogramma flabellicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,flabellicauda,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 118037685,Apistogramma guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,guttata,,,,,"Antonio C., Kullander & Lasso A., 1989", 118037727,Apistogramma helkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,helkeri,,,,,"Schindler & Staeck, 2013", 118037764,Apistogramma pedunculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,pedunculata,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 53876863,Anablepsoides caurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,caurae,,,,,"(Radda, 2004)","Originally described as Rivulus caurae (Radda 2004), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Anablepsoides after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 53877183,Anablepsoides deltaphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,deltaphilus,,,,,"(Seegers, 1983)","Originally described as Rivulus deltaphilus (Seegers 1983), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Anablepsoides after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 53877350,Anablepsoides immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,immaculatus,,,,,"(Thomerson, Nico & Taphorn, 1991)","Originally described as Rivulus immaculatus (Thomerson et al. 1991), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Anablepsoides after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 118037801,Apteronotus pemon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,pemon,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2013", 118037877,Baryancistrus demantoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Baryancistrus,demantoides,,,,,"Werneke, Sabaj Pérez, Lujan & Armbruster, 2005", 118038642,Brycon coquenani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,coquenani,,,,,"Steindachner, 1915", 167775,Bryconops imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,imitator,,,,,"Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 2002", 118038855,Bryconops colanegra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,colanegra,,,,,"Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999", 118038882,Bryconops colaroja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,colaroja,,,,,"Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1999", 118038907,Bryconops vibex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,vibex,,,,,"Machado-Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, 1996", 118038935,Chaetostoma stannii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,stannii,,,,,"Lütken, 1874", 118038962,Chaetostoma vasquezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,vasquezi,,,,,"Lasso & Provenzano, 1998", 118038984,Chaetostoma yurubiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,yurubiense,,,,,"Ceas & Page, 1996", 118039005,Chasmocranus chimantanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,chimantanus,,,,,"Inger, 1956", 118039034,Cordylancistrus perijae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Cordylancistrus,perijae,,,,,"Pérez & Provenzano, 1996", 118039054,Cordylancistrus torbesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Cordylancistrus,torbesensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 118039106,Corydoras boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,boehlkei,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1982", 118039130,Corydoras concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,concolor,,,,,"Weitzman, 1961", 118039177,Creagrutus gyrospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,gyrospilus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 118039234,Creagrutus veruina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,veruina,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 118039296,Creagrutus xiphos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,xiphos,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 118039363,Crenicichla zebrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,zebrina,,,,,"Montaña, López-Fernández & Taphorn, 2008", 118039433,Denticetopsis royeroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Denticetopsis,royeroi,,,,,"Ferraris, 1996", 118039483,Denticetopsis sauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Denticetopsis,sauli,,,,,"Ferraris, 1996", 118039625,Farlowella venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,venezuelensis,,,,,"Martín Salazar, 1964", 118039828,Geophagus grammepareius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,grammepareius,,,,,"Kullander & Taphorn, 1992", 118039935,Pterolebias hoignei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Pterolebias,hoignei,,,,,"Thomerson, 1974","Originally described as Pterolebias hoignei (Thomerson 1974), it was changed to Gnatholebias after the revision of the Rivulidae family (Costa 1998). The genus Gnatholebias is not accepted by all scientific community, for example, the Catalogue of Fishes of the California Academy of Sciences and Fishbase do not recognize this genus and indicates that the valid species is Pterolebias hoignei, even though in the most recent list of fishes of Venezuela (DoNascimiento 2016) the species is listed as G. hoignei." 118040039,Guianacara stergiosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Guianacara,stergiosi,,,,,"López-Fernández, Taphorn Baechle & Kullander, 2006", 118040120,Helogenes uruyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Helogenes,uruyensis,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1967", 118040668,Hypancistrus contradens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypancistrus,contradens,,,,,"Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, 2007", 118040701,Hyphessobrycon paucilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,paucilepis,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008", 118040814,Hyphessobrycon tuyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,tuyensis,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2008", 53858806,Laimosemion gransabanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,gransabanae,,,,,"(Lasso, Taphorn & Thomerson, 1992)","Originally described as Rivulus gransabanae (Lasso et al. 1992), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Laimosemion after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 53859208,Laimosemion lyricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,lyricauda,,,,,"(Thomerson, Berkenkamp & Taphorn, 1991)","Originally described as Rivulus lyricauda (Lasso et al. 1992), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Laimosemion after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 53870254,Laimosemion nicoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,nicoi,,,,,"(Thomerson & Taphorn, 1992)","Originally described as Rivulus nicoi (Lasso et al. 1992), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Laimosemion after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 53870345,Laimosemion sape,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,sape,,,,,"(Lasso-Alcalá, Taphorn, Lasso & León-Mata, 2006)","Originally described as Rivulus sape (Lasso et al. 1992), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Laimosemion after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 53870395,Laimosemion tecminae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,tecminae,,,,,"(Thomerson, Nico & Taphorn, 1992)","Originally described as Rivulus tecminae (Lasso et al. 1992), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Laimosemion after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 118041071,Lebiasina provenzanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,provenzanoi,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 1999", 118041149,Lebiasina taphorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,taphorni,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2004", 118041190,Lebiasina uruyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,uruyensis,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1967", 118041373,Lebiasina yuruaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,yuruaniensis,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2000", 118041482,Lithogenes wahari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lithogenes,wahari,,,,,"Schaefer & Provenzano, 2008", 118041513,Lithoxus jantjae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lithoxus,jantjae,,,,,"Lujan, 2008", 118041660,Llanolebias stellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Llanolebias,stellifer,,,,,"(Thomerson & Turner, 1973)","Originally described as Rivulus stellifer (Thomerson and Turner 1973), later transferred to Pituna (Costa 1989) and then to Rachovia (Costa 1998). The new genus Llanolebias was described to accommodate this species after a molecular revision differentiated it from Rachovia (Hrbek and Taphorn 2008)." 118042074,Micromoema xiphophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Micromoema,xiphophora,,,,,"(Thomerson & Taphorn, 1992)","Originally described as Pterolebias (Thomerson and Taphorn 1992), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Micromoema since the combination of characters did not match the previous genus (Costa 2011)." 118042240,Nannacara quadrispinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nannacara,quadrispinae,,,,,"Staeck & Schindler, 2004", 118042395,Neblinichthys peniculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neblinichthys,peniculatus,,,,,"Armbruster & Taphorn, 2013", 118042724,Neblinichthys pilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neblinichthys,pilosus,,,,,"Ferraris, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1986", 118042765,Neblinichthys roraima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neblinichthys,roraima,,,,,"Provenzano, Lasso & Ponte, 1995", 118042816,Neblinichthys yaravi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neblinichthys,yaravi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)","

Originally described as Ancistrus yaravi, it was first changed to Peckoltia yaravi (Isbrücker 1980) and later to its current position as Neblinichthys after a revision of Hemiancistrus, Peckoltia, and allied genera (Armbruster et al. 2015).

" 118043099,Niobichthys ferrarisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Niobichthys,ferrarisi,,,,,"Schaefer & Provenzano, 1998", 118043155,Parotocinclus polyochrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,polyochrus,,,,,"Schaefer, 1988", 118043487,Peckoltia caenosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,caenosa,,,,,"Armbruster, 2008", 118043513,Peckoltia wernekei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,wernekei,,,,,"Armbruster & Lujan, 2016", 118043564,Phenacorhamdia taphorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phenacorhamdia,taphorni,,,,,"DoNascimiento & Milani, 2008", 118043721,Poecilia dauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,dauli,,,,,"Meyer & Radda, 2000", 118043992,Pseudancistrus coquenani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,coquenani,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)", 118044065,Pseudancistrus pectegenitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,pectegenitor,,,,,"Lujan, Armbruster & Sabaj Pérez, 2007", 118044083,Pseudancistrus reus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,reus,,,,,"Armbruster & Taphorn, 2008", 118044095,Pseudancistrus yekuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,yekuana,,,,,"Lujan, Armbruster & Sabaj Pérez, 2007", 118044191,Pseudolithoxus anthrax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudolithoxus,anthrax,,,,,"(Armbruster & Provenzano, 2000)","Originally described as Lasiancistrus (Armbruster and Provenzano 2000), it was latter changed to Pseudolithoxus after a revision of the family Loricariidae (Isbrücker et al. 2001)." 118044233,Austrofundulus leoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrofundulus,leoni,,,,,"Hrbek, Taphorn & Thomerson, 2005", 118044327,Rachovia pyropunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Rachovia,pyropunctata,,,,,"Taphorn & Thomerson, 1978", 118044360,Rhamdia guasarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,guasarensis,,,,,"DoNascimiento, Provenzano & Lundberg, 2004", 118044539,Laimosemion staecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,staecki,,,,,"(Schindler & Valdesalici, 2011)","Originally described as Rivulus staecki (Schindler & Valdesalici, 2011), due to a revision of the subfamily Rivulinae it was recently changed to Laimosemion after this was considered a valid genus and not a subgenus of Rivulus (Costa 2011)." 118044593,Soromonichthys stearleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Soromonichthys,stearleyi,,,,,"Lujan & Armbruster, 2011", 118044689,Sturisomatichthys kneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,kneri,,,,,"(Ghazzi, 2005)","This species was originally listed as Loricaria kneri by de Filippi in 1940, listed as an unknown species in the Museu di Torino in Italy. Ghazzi formally described it as Sturisoma kneri in 2005, but after a molecular phylogeny was performed (Covain et al. 2015), it was placed in the genus Sturisomatichthys." 118044768,Tatia marthae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,marthae,,,,,"Vari & Ferraris, 2013", 22692303,Rallicula mayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallicula,mayri,,,,,"Hartert, 1930",Rallicula mayri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Rallina. 22718134,Melanocharis arfakiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Melanocharis,arfakiana,,,,,"(Finsch, 1900)", 22689568,Aegotheles wallacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,wallacii,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 91188632,Troides helena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,helena,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are between 22 and 27 subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies helena, subspecies hephaestus (Felder, 1865), subspecies cerberus (C. & R. Felder, 1865), subspecies heliconoides (Moore, 1877), subspecies nereis (Doherty, 1891), subspecies propinquus Rothschild, 1895, subspecies sagittatus (Fruhstorfer, 1896), subspecies nereides Fruhstorfer, 1906, subspecies antileuca Rothschild, 1908, subspecies typhaon Rothschild, 1908, subspecies isara Rothschild, 1908, subspecies spilotia Rothschild, 1908, subspecies mosychlus (Fruhstorfer, 1913), subspecies euthycrates (Fruhstorfer, 1913), subspecies ferrari Tytler, 1926, subspecies bunguranensis Ohya, 1982, subspecies hermes Hayami, 1991, subspecies venus Hayami, 1991, subspecies rayae Deslisle, 1991, subspecies orientis Parrott, 1991, subspecies sugimotoi Hanafusa, 1992, and subspecies dempoensis Deslisle, 1993. Additional subspecies listed by some authors are: subspecies neoris Rothschild, 1908, subspecies mopaRothschild, 1908, subspecies demeter (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005) , subspecies hypnos (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005) and subspecies hahneli (Rumbucher & Schäffler, 2005). Troides helena cerberus f. eumagos (Jordon, 1908) has so far been reported only from the Sankhuwa Sabha District of East Nepal (NRDB, 1995). 
Regarding sub-species occurring in Vietnam and following the concept offered by Haugum and Low (1978-85), type specimens of subspecies euthycrates (N. Vietnam) are rather distinctive and may be distinguished from subspecies cerberus (S. Vietnam) based on larger size, darker abdomen laterally and dorsally, and pattern of spots on the hind wing (the latter in the case of females); in essence, females from southern populations have more oval spots while in the specimens from Northern and  northern Central Vietnam spots are more elongated and pointed (Monastyrskii 2007)." 22678114,Casuarius unappendiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,CASUARIIDAE,Casuarius,unappendiculatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1860", 22721182,Spizella wortheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Spizella,wortheni,,,,,"Ridgway, 1884", 22683282,Todiramphus nigrocyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,nigrocyaneus,,,,,"(Wallace, 1862)", 57539,Megophrys feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,feae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 22692785,Megacrex inepta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Megacrex,inepta,,,,,"D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879", 22683935,Cacomantis aeruginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cacomantis,aeruginosus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1878",Cacomantis aeruginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as C. heinrichi; the name aeruginosus has priority. 22695991,Morphnus guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Morphnus,guianensis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22690201,Columba palumboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,palumboides,,,,,"(Hume, 1873)", 22726655,Ceyx gentianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,gentianus,,,,,"Tristram, 1879","

Ceyx lepidus, C. margarethae, C. wallacii, C. cajeli, C. solitarius, C. dispar, C. mulcatus, C. sacerdotis, C. meeki, C. collectoris, C. nigromaxilla and C. gentianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lepidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 192028,Achalinus hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Achalinus,hainanus,,,,,"Huang, 1975", 22706151,Epimachus fastosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Epimachus,fastosus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)",

Epimachus fastosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as E. fastuosus.

67633090,Adercosaurus vixadnexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Adercosaurus,vixadnexus,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 2001", 61467,Anguis cephallonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Anguis,cephallonica,,,,,"Werner, 1894", 197184,Indotyphlops lankaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,lankaensis,,,,,"(Taylor, 1947)", 197183,Indotyphlops leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,leucomelas,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)", 197182,Indotyphlops malcolmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,malcolmi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1947)", 197181,Indotyphlops tenebrarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,tenebrarum,,,,,"(Taylor, 1947)", 197180,Indotyphlops veddae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,veddae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1947)", 197179,Indotyphlops violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,violaceus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1947)", 118236923,Argyrophis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Argyrophis,fuscus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)","This species' taxonomic status is unclear: it was synonymized within Typhlops platycephalus without comment by Boulenger (1893) but this scheme appears to have been followed inconsistently and this species has been considered ""a valid species in the ruficaudus"" group by Uetz et al. (2019). Although no formal revision has been published, it is referred to as a valid name without further comment in recent taxonomic literature on blindsnakes without discussion (Hedges et al. 2014, Pyron and Wallach 2014)." 118237040,Indotyphlops ahsanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,ahsanai,,,,,"(Khan, 1999)", 118237063,Indotyphlops madgemintonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,madgemintonae,,,,,"(Khan, 1999)", 118237195,Indotyphlops longissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,longissimus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)","The validity of this species is unclear, and it is not recognized by Pyron and Wallach (2014)\, but is treated as valid here following Uetz et al. (2019). The complete absence of any information on this species' distribution makes the appropriate generic identity uncertain; the assignment to Indotyphlops is based on morphological similarity but no evidence of an Asian origin exists." 118237220,Letheobia zenkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,zenkeri,,,,,"(Sternfield, 1908)", 118245249,Acanthagrion franciscoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,franciscoi,,,,,"Machado & Bede, 2016","Acanthagrion franciscoi fits none of the species groups defined by Leonard (1977). It keys out to
couplet 7 in Leonard’s key that leads to the viridescens, adustum and chararum groups. It differs
from the species of the viridescens group by having the modifications of genital ligula segment
3 not visible in ectal view. It differs from the species of the adustum group because the distal
part of genital ligula segment 3 is not incised. From the species of the chararum group it differs
by having the cercus slanting forward relative to the paraprocts from base to apex. A. franciscoi
differs from all known species of Acanthagrion by its small size (Rw 13.0 mm, Abd 17 mm),
a character it shares only with A. minutum Leonard, 1977, regarded by Leonard (1977) as the
smallest species of Acanthagrion.
" 118245272,Erythrodiplax ana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,ana,,,,,"Guillermo-Ferreira, Vilela, Del-Claro & Bispo, 2016",Erythrodiplax ana fits in Borror’s Basalis Group. 118245368,Franciscagrion franciscoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Franciscagrion,franciscoi,,,,,"Machado & Bede, 2016", 118245378,Franciscagrion longispinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Franciscagrion,longispinum,,,,,"Machado & Bede, 2016", 118245391,Franciscobasis franciscoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Franciscobasis,franciscoi,,,,,"Machado & Bede, 2016", 118245456,Minagrion franciscoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Minagrion,franciscoi,,,,,"Machado & Bede, 2016", 118245506,Minagrion canaanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Minagrion,canaanense,,,,,"Santos, 1967", 118245524,Oxyagrion franciscoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,franciscoi,,,,,"Machado & Bede, 2016","Oxyagrion franciscoi is easily distinguished from all other congeners by its dominantly blue colours, a character it shares only with Oxyagrion ablutum (Calvert, 1909)." 22688573,Otus balli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,balli,,,,,"(Hume, 1873)", 118264888,Canis lupaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,lupaster,,,,,"Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1832","Recent studies based on genome-wide sequencing and morphology have shown that ""golden jackals"" in Africa are larger in size than those from Eurasia and are actually more closely related to the Grey Wolf Canis lupus. African animals hence represent a previously overlooked distinct species, the African Wolf, Canis lupaster (see Rueness et al. 2011, Gaubert et al. 2012, Koepfli et al. 2015, Viranta et al. 2017). However, the putative presence of Golden Jackal in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt remains unclear (see Gaubert et al. 2012, Viranta et al. 2017).

One small point of confusion pertains to the correct species name for the African Wolf, since authors have alternated between Canis lupaster and Canis anthus, of which the latter has priority. However, Viranta et al. (2017) provide a rationale for considering Canis anthus a nomen dubium (in part due to the fact that the holotype is also missing), and use C. lupaster as the name for the African Wolf.

The treatment herein therefore provisionally follows the latter authors, but the situation may warrant further investigation." 118341620,Glaphyromorphus arnhemicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Glaphyromorphus,arnhemicus,,,,,"(Storr, 1967)","The former subspecies Glaphyromorphus crassicaudus arnhemicus (Storr, 1967) is now regarded as a full species by some authors (Greer 1989, Reeder 2003), but retained as a subspecies by Wilson and Swan (2013), although Greer (1989) found that arnhemicus was not the sister taxon to crassicaudus. It is not recognized by Cogger et al. (2014), who does not comment on this omission. G. Shea (pers. comm. 2017) considers it a valid species based on discrete morphology and distribution. Additionally, taxonomic issues may exist with Queensland populations as multiple species may be present under the name G. crassicaudus (P. Couper pers. comm. 2017). This account treats G. arnhemicus as a distinct taxon following Greer (1989), as future taxonomic changes within G. crassicaudatus will not impact the strongly allopatric G. arnhemicus (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 118353317,Obliquogobius cometes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Obliquogobius,cometes,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 118353365,Oxuderces dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxuderces,dentatus,,,,,"Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850","Oxuderces dentatus has recently been split from Oxuderces nexipinnis, and is now just restricted to China (Jafaar and Parenti 2016)." 118353346,Oligolepis cylindriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oligolepis,cylindriceps,,,,,"(Hora, 1923)",The generic level placement of this species needs further research; it is probably not a member of the genus Oligolepis (H.K. Larson pers. comm. 2017). 118353792,Oxyurichthys limophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,limophilus,,,,,"Pezold & Larson, 2015", 118354006,Oxyurichthys notonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,notonema,,,,,"(Weber, 1909)", 118354019,Oxyurichthys nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,nuchalis,,,,,"(Barnard, 1927)", 118354076,Oxyurichthys petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oxyurichthys,petersii,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 118354444,Periophthalmus chrysospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,chrysospilos,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853", 118354515,Pleurosicya annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,annandalei,,,,,"Hornell & Fowler, 1922", 118354540,Priolepis anthioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,anthioides,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 118354604,Psammogobius knysnaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psammogobius,knysnaensis,,,,,"Smith, 1935", 118354654,Scartelaos histophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Scartelaos,histophorus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 118354744,Tomiyamichthys dorsostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tomiyamichthys,dorsostigma,,,,,"Bogorodsky, Kovačić & Randall, 2011","

Previously identified as Tomiyamichthys fourmanoiri, but has been found to be a different species more similar to T. smithi (Bogorodsky et al. 2011). 

" 118354800,Tomiyamichthys fourmanoiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tomiyamichthys,fourmanoiri,,,,,"(Smith, 1956)",

This species was the previous identification of Tomiyamichthys dorsostigma (Bogorodsky et al. 2011). Tomiyamichthys dorsostigma in the Gulf of Aqaba may be this species.

118354866,Tomiyamichthys praealta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tomiyamichthys,praealta,,,,,"(Lachner & McKinney, 1981)", 118355114,Trimma barralli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,barralli,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1995", 118355154,Trimma bisella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,bisella,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2000", 118355257,Trimma corallinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,corallinum,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 118355300,Trimma filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,filamentosus,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1995", 118355328,Trimma flammeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,flammeum,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)",

This species has been confused with Trimma macrophthalma in some cases (Winterbottom in prep. 2017)

118355413,Trimma flavicaudatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,flavicaudatum,,,,,"(Goren, 1982)", 118355457,Trimma haima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,haima,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1984", 118355537,Trimma mendelssohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,mendelssohni,,,,,"(Goren, 1978)", 118355587,Trimma omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,omanensis,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2000", 118355604,Trimma sheppardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,sheppardi,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1984", 118355622,Trimma volcana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,volcana,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2003", 118355645,Trimmatom pharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimmatom,pharus,,,,,"Winterbottom, 2001", 118356183,Aspasmodes briggsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Aspasmodes,briggsi,,,,,"Smith, 1957", 118356821,Briggsia hastingsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Briggsia,hastingsi,,,,,"Craig & Randall, 2009", 118356838,Diplecogaster megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Diplecogaster,megalops,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 118356850,Lepadichthys coccinotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,coccinotaenia,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 118356869,Lepadichthys ctenion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,ctenion,,,,,"Briggs & Link, 1963", 118356908,Lepadichthys lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lepadichthys,lineatus,,,,,"Briggs, 1966", 118356930,Lissonanchus lusheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Lissonanchus,lusheri,,,,,"Smith, 1966", 118357019,Encrasicholina auster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,auster,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2017", 22719374,Cryptospiza shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Cryptospiza,shelleyi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1902", 118358912,Epinephelus geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,geoffroyi,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1870)","This species was previously regarded as a synonym of Epinephelus chlorostigma, but was recognized as a valid species by Randall et al. (2013). It replaces E. chlorostigma in the Red Sea, but the two species are sympatric in the western Gulf of Aden. Epinephelus geoffroyi is very similar and likely to be confused with E. gabriellae and E. polylepis (Randall and Heemstra 1991)." 118360372,Plectropomus marisrubri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,marisrubri,,,,,"Randall & Hoese, 1986",Phylogenetic reconstruction has identified the Red Sea taxon Plectropomus pessuliferus marisrubri as a distinct species and sister species to P. laevis with a geographic distribution restricted to the Red Sea. 118360435,Epinephelus kupangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,kupangensis,,,,,"Tucker, Kurniasih & Craig, 2016","This species is similar in appearance to, and has been treated as, Epinephelus amblycephalus in the past. The two species are both found in deep waters of the Indo-Pacific and have overlapping ranges in some areas (Tucker et al. 2016)." 118360643,Epinephelus moara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,moara,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)",This species was previously considered a synonym of Epinephelus bruneus (Liu et al. 2013). 22709276,Fraseria tessmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,tessmanni,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1907)",

Fraseria tessmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa tessmanni.

44265,Aspatharia divaricata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,divaricata,,,,,"(Martens, 1897)", 22717008,Mirafra cheniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,cheniana,,,,,"Smith, 1843", 22689490,Uroglaux dimorpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Uroglaux,dimorpha,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1874)", 22717356,Spizocorys sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Spizocorys,sclateri,,,,,"(Shelley, 1902)", 22716650,Sylvia nigricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Sylvia,nigricapillus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",

Sylvia nigricapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lioptilus nigricapillus.

 

22692311,Rallina canningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallina,canningi,,,,,"(Blyth, 1863)", 22717197,Eremopterix australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,australis,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22678795,Ptilopachus nahani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Ptilopachus,nahani,,,,,"(Dubois, 1905)",Ptilopachus nahani (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22689704,Nyctiprogne vielliardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctiprogne,vielliardi,,,,,"Lencioni-Neto, 1994", 22690549,Macropygia rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,rufipennis,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 22680910,Campethera notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,notata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 103710549,Rhipidura melanolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,melanolaema,,,,,"Sharpe, 1879","Rhipidura rufifrons, R. melanolaema and R. dryas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufifrons following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22725493,Ninox spilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,spilonotus,,,,,"Bourns & Worcester, 1894","

Ninox philippensis, N. spilocephala, N. leventisi, N. reyi, N. rumseyi, N. spilonotus and N. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 45449328,Ninox granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,granti,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888","Ninox jacquinoti, N. granti, N. malaitae and N. roseoaxillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. jacquinoti following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22689420,Ninox affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,affinis,,,,,"Beavan, 1867", 22684184,Coua verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,verreauxi,,,,,"Grandidier, 1867", 22692000,Eupodotis caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Eupodotis,caerulescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1820)", 118470875,Chilabothrus argentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,argentum,,,,,"Reynolds, Puente-Rolón, Geneva, Aviles-Rodriguez & Herrmann, 2016","Chilabothrus argentum is a recently discovered species (Reynolds et al. 2016), unknown until July 2015. Species description was based on genetic and morphological analysis of six specimens, in the context of other Bahamian and West Indian boas. This species is divergent from other West Indian boas at an mtDNA locus and is readily distinguishable based on morphometric and morphological characteristics." 22724585,Otus moheliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,moheliensis,,,,,"Lafontaine & Moulaert, 1998", 22687939,Eriocnemis mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,mirabilis,,,,,"Meyer de Schauensee, 1967", 22699031,Todirostrum viridanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Todirostrum,viridanum,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1927", 22724610,Herpsilochmus gentryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,gentryi,,,,,"Whitney & Alvarez Alonso, 1998", 22702334,Synallaxis tithys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,tithys,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1877", 22702344,Synallaxis hellmayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,hellmayri,,,,,"Reiser, 1905",Synallaxis hellmayri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Gyalophylax hellmayri. 22686296,Amazona brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22707901,Batis minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,minima,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)", 22706626,Malindangia mcgregori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Malindangia,mcgregori,,,,,"(Mearns, 1907)",

Malindangia mcgregori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina mcgregori.

 

22707747,Malaconotus alius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Malaconotus,alius,,,,,"Friedmann, 1927", 22706140,Semioptera wallacii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Semioptera,wallacii,,,,,"Gould, 1859", 22714852,Acrocephalus brevipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,brevipennis,,,,,"(Keulemans, 1866)", 22709415,Ficedula nigrorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,nigrorufa,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)", 22709449,Eumyias albicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Eumyias,albicaudatus,,,,,"Jerdon, 1840", 22716655,Kupeornis gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Kupeornis,gilberti,,,,,"Serle, 1949", 22717481,Dicaeum proprium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,proprium,,,,,"Ripley & Rabor, 1966", 22693656,Haematopus chathamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,chathamensis,,,,,"Hartert, 1927", 22717831,Cinnyris ursulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,ursulae,,,,,"(Alexander, 1903)","

Cinnyris ursulae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103685955,Foulehaio carunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Foulehaio,carunculatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Foulehaio carunculatus, F. procerior and F. taviunensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. carunculatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61855318,Otus lettia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,lettia,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)","Otus bakkamoena, O. semitorques, O. lettia and O. lempiji (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. bakkamoena following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103707799,Lamprolia klinesmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LAMPROLIIDAE,Lamprolia,klinesmithi,,,,,"Ramsay, 1876","Jønsson et al. (2018) establish that Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi, Drongo Fantail Chaetorhynchus papuensis, Natewa Silktail Lamprolia klinesmithi and Taveuni Silktail L. victoriae belong in a separate ancient family, Lamproliidae, sister to the Rhipiduridae. This finding is accepted here.

Lamprolia victoriae and L. klinesmithi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. victoriae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22720278,Crithagra melanochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,melanochroa,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1900)","

Crithagra melanochroa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. melanochrous following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713131,Criniger ndussumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Criniger,ndussumensis,,,,,"Reichenow, 1904", 22691061,Alopecoenas rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,rubescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",Alopecoenas rubescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 103894787,Kittacincla albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Kittacincla,albiventris,,,,,"Blyth, 1859",

Kittacincla malabarica and K. albiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Copsychus malabaricus AOU (1998 & supplements) and Collar (2004).

 

22707002,Dicrurus andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,andamanensis,,,,,"Beavan, 1867", 22698614,Hydrornis caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,caeruleus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)",Hydrornis caeruleus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta caerulea. 103656907,Pitta novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,novaeguineae,,,,,"Müller & Schlegel, 1845","

Pitta sordida, P. novaeguineae and P. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. sordida following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22698700,Pitta versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,versicolor,,,,,"Swainson, 1825", 22736153,Myrmelastes leucostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmelastes,leucostigma,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)",

Myrmelastes leucostigma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Schistocichla leucostigma.

 

22703314,Grallaria capitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,capitalis,,,,,"Chapman, 1926", 103660383,Grallaria rufula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,rufula,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843","

Grallaria rufula and G. saltuensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. rufula following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103669826,Xiphorhynchus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","

Xiphorhynchus ocellatus, X. beauperthuysii and X. chunchotambo (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. ocellatus following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22702153,Aphrastura spinicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Aphrastura,spinicauda,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22702405,Hellmayrea gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Hellmayrea,gularis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 103674933,Cranioleuca vulpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,vulpina,,,,,"(von Pelzeln, 1856)",Cranioleuca vulpina and C. dissita (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. vulpina following AOU (1998 and supplements) and SACC (2005 and updates). 22700647,Pachyramphus polychopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,polychopterus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22700386,Laniocera hypopyrra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Laniocera,hypopyrra,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22701155,Neopipo cinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Neopipo,cinnamomea,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1869)", 22701220,Piprites chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Piprites,chloris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22705852,Dendrocitta bayleii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Dendrocitta,bayleii,,,,,"Blyth, 1863",

Dendrocitta bayleii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as D. bayleyi.

22699531,Phylloscartes superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,superciliaris,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)", 22733103,Hemitriccus griseipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,griseipectus,,,,,"(E. Snethlage, 1907)", 22698918,Hemitriccus striaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,striaticollis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1853)", 22698945,Hemitriccus rufigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,rufigularis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 22699743,Hirundinea bellicosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hirundinea,bellicosa,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)",Hirundinea ferruginea and H. bellicosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. ferruginea following SACC (2005 & updates). 22735526,Zimmerius gracilipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,gracilipes,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1867)", 60824542,Aerodramus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1840)","Aerodramus brevirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia and split as C. brevirostris and C. rogersi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22679954,Branta ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Branta,ruficollis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22681379,Dryocopus hodgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryocopus,hodgei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)", 61536248,Celeus ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,ochraceus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Celeus flavescens and C. ochraceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. flavescens following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22727182,Dinopium javanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dinopium,javanense,,,,,"(Ljungh, 1797)","

Dinopium javanense and D. everetti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. javanense following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22681152,Dryobates scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryobates,scalaris,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)",Dryobates scalaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. 22715675,Ianthocincla bieti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,bieti,,,,,"Oustalet, 1897",Previously listed as Garrulax bieti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Has elsewhere been treated as conspecific with I. lunulatus. Monotypic. 103890801,Gracupica jalla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracupica,jalla,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Gracupica contra and G. jalla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Sturnus contra following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22704138,Melithreptus laetior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,laetior,,,,,"(Gould, 1875)","Melithreptus gularis and M. laetior (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. gularis following Christidis and Boles (1994, 2008)." 22693199,Numenius madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22705476,Pachycephala griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,griseiceps,,,,,"Gray, 1858","

Pachycephala simplex and P. griseiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. simplex following Christidis & Boles (1994, 2008)

 

" 22705481,Pachycephala simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,simplex,,,,,"Gould, 1843","

Pachycephala simplex and P. griseiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. simplex following Christidis and Boles (1994, 2008).

" 68399571,Branchiostegus ilocanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Branchiostegus,ilocanus,,,,,"Herre, 1928","Dooley and Iwatsuki (2012) considered this species to be nomen dubium; however, one specimen questionably identified as this species is catalogued as USNM 402156 (accessed via FishNet2 portal, www.fishnet2.net, March 2017)." 47401641,Branchiostegus saitoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Branchiostegus,saitoi,,,,,"Dooley & Iwatsuki, 2012", 68400327,Branchiostegus vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Branchiostegus,vittatus,,,,,"Herre, 1926",Dooley and Iwatsuki (2012) considered this species to be nomen dubium. 22690112,Columba trocaz,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,trocaz,,,,,"Heineken, 1829", 22690152,Columba pollenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,pollenii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22735612,Paradoxornis bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,bakeri,,,,,"(Hartert, 1900)","

The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). 
Previously placed in Psittiparus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019).
Until recently (King and Robson 2008) considered conspecific with P. ruficeps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), but differs in its slightly darker upperparts (1); bright buff vs buff-stained white underparts (2); overall larger size (effect size for bill on published data (King and Robson 2008) 1.68, score 1); and song a rhythmic phrase ending with long drawn-out whistles at about 2–3 kHz vs a series of 4–6 descending whistles each about the same length and shape, typically in range 3–4.5 kHz, thus main differences being presence of long notes (3) and greater variety of notes (1).
Birds from N Laos and N Vietnam (E Tonkin) have been separated under name magnirostris, but differences appear too slight to merit taxonomic recognition. Monotypic.

" 22691594,Alectroenas sganzini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alectroenas,sganzini,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)", 103880882,Paradoxornis ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,ruficeps,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)","

The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Psittiparus but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) considered conspecific with P. bakeri as P. ruficeps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) (see related note/s). Monotypic.

" 103887337,Psophocichla litsitsirupa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Psophocichla,litsitsirupa,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)","

Psophocichla litsitsirupa and P. simensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. litsitsirupa following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22680136,Speculanas specularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Speculanas,specularis,,,,,"King, 1828", 22701299,Thamnophilus praecox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,praecox,,,,,"Zimmer, 1937", 22728045,Ramphiculus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1893)","

Ramphiculus fischeri and R. meridionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus and lumped as P. fischeri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22733666,Geokichla dumasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,dumasi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1898)",

Geokichla dumasi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera dumasi.

22730062,Ninox sumbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,sumbaensis,,,,,"Olsen, Wink, Sauer-Gurth & Trost, 2002", 22703937,Stresemannia bougainvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Stresemannia,bougainvillei,,,,,"(Mayr, 1932)", 22706460,Sphecotheres viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Sphecotheres,viridis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 103811335,Foudia consobrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,consobrina,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","

Foudia eminentissima, F. consobrina and F. aldabrana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. eminentissima following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103708917,Rhipidura kordensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,kordensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1874","Rhipidura rufiventris, R. tenkatei, R. hoedti, R. bouruensis, R. obiensis, R. cinerea, R. assimilis, R. kordensis and R. isura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rufiventris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22705565,Pachycephala tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1868)", 103758982,Sittiparus owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Sittiparus,owstoni,,,,,"(Ijima, 1893)","

Sittiparus varius, S. owstoni, S. olivaceus and S. castaneoventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus varius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735531,Zimmerius acer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,acer,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1883)", 22699075,Phyllomyias zeledoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,zeledoni,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1869)",Phyllomyias burmeisteri and P. zeledoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. burmeisteri following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates) 22736493,Pseudocolopteryx citreola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudocolopteryx,citreola,,,,,"(Landbeck, 1864)", 22699337,Serpophaga hypoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Serpophaga,hypoleuca,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1866", 22736536,Serpophaga griseicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Serpophaga,griseicapilla,,,,,"Straneck, 2007","Serpophaga subcristata and S. munda (SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) have been lumped and split into S. subcristata and S. griseicapilla following del Hoyo and Collar 2016." 22700411,Myiarchus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,panamensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1860", 22700452,Myiarchus stolidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,stolidus,,,,,"(Gosse, 1847)", 22699200,Sublegatus arenarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sublegatus,arenarum,,,,,"(Salvin, 1863)", 22700203,Muscisaxicola frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,frontalis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1860)", 22700123,Polioxolmis rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Polioxolmis,rufipennis,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1874)", 22700052,Xolmis dominicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xolmis,dominicanus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22699748,Cnemotriccus fuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Cnemotriccus,fuscatus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22699824,Contopus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,nigrescens,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1880)", 22703715,Chenorhamphus grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Chenorhamphus,grayi,,,,,"(Wallace, 1862)",Chenorhamphus grayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Malurus grayi. 22703765,Malurus cyanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,cyanocephalus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 103684117,Amytornis textilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,textilis,,,,,"(Dumont, 1824)","Amytornis textilis and A. modestus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. textilis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22704143,Melithreptus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,gularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","Melithreptus gularis and M. laetior (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. gularis following Christidis and Boles (1994, 2008)." 22704100,Xanthotis flaviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Xanthotis,flaviventer,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)", 22704224,Philemon argenticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,argenticeps,,,,,"(Gould, 1840)", 103686550,Myzomela cineracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,cineracea,,,,,"Sclater, 1879","Myzomela eques and M. cineracea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. eques following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103686571,Myzomela obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,obscura,,,,,"Gould, 1843","

Myzomela obscura, M. simplex, M. rubrotincta and M. rubrobrunnea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. obscura following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22703838,Myzomela kuehni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,kuehni,,,,,"Rothschild, 1903", 103686853,Myzomela chloroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,chloroptera,,,,,"Walden, 1872","

Myzomela chloroptera and M. batjanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. chloroptera following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22703868,Myzomela cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,cardinalis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22704472,Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Prosthemadera,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22704394,Ramsayornis modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ramsayornis,modestus,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)", 22704403,Conopophila albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Conopophila,albogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 22713231,Hypsipetes borbonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,borbonicus,,,,,"(J.R. Forster, 1781)", 155212,Cosmocampus elucens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Cosmocampus,elucens,,,,,"(Poey, 1868)", 22691668,Ducula aurorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,aurorae,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22704460,Anthochaera chrysoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Anthochaera,chrysoptera,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22704499,Pardalotus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARDALOTIDAE,Pardalotus,striatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22704689,Gerygone chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,chrysogaster,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22704714,Gerygone ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,ruficollis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876", 22704579,Sericornis papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,papuensis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1894)", 22704573,Sericornis perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,perspicillatus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1896", 22704576,Sericornis arfakianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,arfakianus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)", 22704585,Acanthornis magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthornis,magna,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)", 22704665,Acanthiza cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,cinerea,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876",

Acanthiza cinerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Gerygone cinerea.

 

22704647,Acanthiza chrysorrhoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,chrysorrhoa,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22704977,Orthonyx spaldingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORTHONYCHIDAE,Orthonyx,spaldingii,,,,,"Ramsay, 1868", 22706455,Sphecotheres vieilloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Sphecotheres,vieilloti,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827", 22706365,Oriolus flavocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,flavocinctus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1826)", 103694300,Coracina dobsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,dobsoni,,,,,"(Ball, 1872)","

Coracina striata, C. panayensis and C. dobsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. striata following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22705428,Aleadryas rufinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,OREOICIDAE,Aleadryas,rufinucha,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22710565,Aplonis brunneicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,brunneicapillus,,,,,"(Danis, 1938)", 22705366,Ptilorrhoa leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Ptilorrhoa,leucosticta,,,,,"(Sclater, 1874)", 22705342,Cinclosoma punctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLOSOMATIDAE,Cinclosoma,punctatum,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)", 22705513,Pachycephala schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,schlegelii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871", 22705493,Pachycephala soror,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,soror,,,,,"Sclater, 1874", 22705470,Pachycephala philippinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,philippinensis,,,,,"(Walkden, 1872)", 22705449,Pachycephala phaionota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,phaionota,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22711716,Poecile atricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,atricapillus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Poecile atricapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus atricapillus. 22705457,Pachycephala hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,hyperythra,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875", 22705525,Pachycephala griseonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,griseonota,,,,,"Gray, 1862", 22711724,Poecile gambeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,gambeli,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1886)",Poecile gambeli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus gambeli. 103761667,Cyanistes caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Cyanistes,caeruleus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Cyanistes caeruleus and C. teneriffae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Parus caeruleus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103693426,Pachycephala feminina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,feminina,,,,,"Mayr, 1931","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693456,Pachycephala mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,mentalis,,,,,"Wallace, 1863","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103693472,Pachycephala par,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,par,,,,,"Hartert, 1904","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705903,Pseudopodoces humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Pseudopodoces,humilis,,,,,"(Hume, 1871)", 103693368,Pachycephala pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,pectoralis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","

Pachycephala pectoralis, P. par, P. mentalis, P. vitiensis, P. feminina, P. orioloides, P. fulvotincta and P. teysmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pectoralis following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22711929,Machlolophus xanthogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Machlolophus,xanthogenys,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",

Machlolophus xanthogenys  (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus xanthogenys.

22705499,Pachycephala melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,melanura,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22705547,Colluricincla megarhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Colluricincla,megarhyncha,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22705339,Psophodes cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PSOPHODIDAE,Psophodes,cristatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22731092,Melaniparus leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,leucomelas,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)",

Melaniparus leucomelas and M. guineensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. leucomelas following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22711820,Melaniparus guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Melaniparus,guineensis,,,,,"(Shelley, 1900)",Melaniparus leucomelas and M. guineensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. leucomelas following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993). 22711632,Remiz consobrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Remiz,consobrinus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)", 22711646,Anthoscopus parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Anthoscopus,parvulus,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1864)", 22711660,Anthoscopus flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Anthoscopus,flavifrons,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)", 22711568,Auriparus flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Auriparus,flaviceps,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)", 22706508,Coracina bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,bicolor,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22706511,Coracina lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,lineata,,,,,"(Swainson, 1825)", 22717262,Alaemon alaudipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alaemon,alaudipes,,,,,"(Desfontaines, 1789)", 22706522,Coracina papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,papuensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22706695,Campephaga flava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Campephaga,flava,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22706705,Campephaga quiscalina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Campephaga,quiscalina,,,,,"Finsch, 1869", 22706575,Edolisoma coerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,coerulescens,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)",

Edolisoma coerulescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina coerulescens.

 

22717188,Chersomanes albofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Chersomanes,albofasciata,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1836)", 22717275,Ramphocoris clotbey,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Ramphocoris,clotbey,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",

Ramphocoris clotbey (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhamphocoris clotbey.

22717247,Ammomanes phoenicura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Ammomanes,phoenicura,,,,,"(Franklin, 1831)", 22717192,Eremopterix leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,leucotis,,,,,"(Stanley, 1814)", 22717222,Eremopterix nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremopterix,nigriceps,,,,,"(Gould, 1839)", 22717068,Mirafra rufocinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,rufocinnamomea,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1865)", 22717013,Mirafra albicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,albicauda,,,,,"Reichenow, 1891", 22732451,Mirafra microptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,microptera,,,,,"Hume, 1873", 22734352,Mirafra assamica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,assamica,,,,,"Horsfield, 1840", 22717092,Mirafra erythroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,erythroptera,,,,,"Blyth, 1845", 22735646,Calendulauda gilletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,gilletti,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1895)","Gillett’s Lark and Rusty Lark were previously included in Mirafra (del Hoyo & Collar 2016). Recent (as yet unpublished) genetic work supports previous assertions that their slender, pipit-like shape, lack of white outertail, proclivity for perching in trees and (in the case of Gillett’s Lark, as the song of Rusty Lark is unknown) simple song structure all clearly place them in Calendulauda. Bears close resemblance to Calendulauda alopex intercedens. Form degodiensis, sometimes treated as a full species, differs only in its marginally smaller size (Collar et al. 2009), and perhaps better synonymized with nominate. Subspecies arorihensis intergrades with nominate in NW Somalia. Three subspecies recognized." 22717336,Alaudala raytal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alaudala,raytal,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)",

Alaudala raytal (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Calandrella raytal.

22717288,Melanocorypha bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Melanocorypha,bimaculata,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1832)", 22717292,Melanocorypha maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Melanocorypha,maxima,,,,,"Blyth, 1867", 22717394,Galerida deva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Galerida,deva,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)", 22713095,Nicator chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NICATORIDAE,Nicator,chloris,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1826)", 22713100,Nicator gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NICATORIDAE,Nicator,gularis,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870", 22714647,Sphenoeacus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sphenoeacus,afer,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22715150,Macrosphenus kempi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Macrosphenus,kempi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1905)", 22715023,Eremomela icteropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,icteropygialis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1839)", 22715045,Eremomela canescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,canescens,,,,,"Antinori, 1864",

Eremomela pusilla and E. canescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumedp as E. pusilla following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22715073,Eremomela usticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,usticollis,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 22715060,Eremomela badiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,badiceps,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 22715068,Eremomela atricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,atricollis,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1894", 22714948,Artisornis metopias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Artisornis,metopias,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1907)", 22713714,Apalis thoracica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,thoracica,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)", 22713762,Apalis ruddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,ruddi,,,,,"Grant, 1908", 22713741,Apalis binotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,binotata,,,,,"Reichenow, 1895", 22713733,Apalis jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,jacksoni,,,,,"Sharpe, 1891", 22713729,Apalis nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,nigriceps,,,,,"(Shelley, 1873)", 22713811,Apalis melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,melanocephala,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)", 22730909,Apalis cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,cinerea,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1891)",

Apalis cinerea and A. alticola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. cinerea following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

22713697,Spiloptila clamans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Spiloptila,clamans,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)", 22713847,Eminia lepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eminia,lepida,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1881", 103776094,Cisticola marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,marginatus,,,,,"(von Heuglin, 1869)","

Cisticola galactotes, C. luapula, C. haematocephalus, C. lugubris and C. marginatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. galactotes following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103776131,Cisticola lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,lugubris,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)","

Cisticola galactotes, C. luapula, C. haematocephalus, C. lugubris and C. marginatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. galactotes following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103776172,Cisticola luapula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,luapula,,,,,"Lynes, 1933","

Cisticola galactotes, C. luapula, C. haematocephalus, C. lugubris and C. marginatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. galactotes following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713440,Cisticola natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,natalensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1843)", 22713355,Cisticola guinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,guinea,,,,,"Chappuis & Erard, 1991", 22713474,Cisticola brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,brachypterus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1870)", 22713479,Cisticola rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,rufus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1843)", 22713519,Cisticola textrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,textrix,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22706618,Edolisoma montanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,montanum,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)",

Edolisoma montanum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina montana.

 

22706610,Edolisoma schisticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,schisticeps,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)",

Edolisoma schisticeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina schisticeps.

 

22706596,Edolisoma mindanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,mindanense,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1878)",

Edolisoma mindanense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina mindanensis.

 

103702470,Edolisoma tenuirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,tenuirostre,,,,,"(Jardine,1831)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22713530,Cisticola dambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,dambo,,,,,"Lynes, 1931", 103776392,Cisticola brunnescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,brunnescens,,,,,"Heuglin, 1862","

Cisticola brunnescens and C. cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. brunnescens following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22706681,Lalage maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,maculosa,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22706657,Lalage sueurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,sueurii,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 103776400,Cisticola cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,cinnamomeus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1904","

Cisticola brunnescens and C. cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. brunnescens following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22706642,Lalage melanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,melanoptera,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1839)",

Lalage melanoptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina melanoptera.

 

22714574,Bathmocercus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Bathmocercus,rufus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1895", 22705411,Rhagologus leucostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHAGOLOGIDAE,Rhagologus,leucostigma,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 103776661,Prinia atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,atrogularis,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)","

Prinia atrogularis, P. khasiana and P. superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. atrogularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22706299,Strepera versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Strepera,versicolor,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 103777078,Prinia khasiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,khasiana,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1876)","

Prinia atrogularis, P. khasiana and P. superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. atrogularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713595,Prinia sylvatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,sylvatica,,,,,"Jerdon, 1840", 22714991,Orthotomus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,frontalis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877", 22715003,Orthotomus sepium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,sepium,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22714994,Orthotomus derbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Orthotomus,derbianus,,,,,"Moore, 1855", 22714757,Acrocephalus griseldis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,griseldis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1891)", 22714846,Acrocephalus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,rufescens,,,,,"(Sharpe & Bouvier, 1876)", 22735145,Pnoepyga albiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PNOEPYGIDAE,Pnoepyga,albiventer,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)", 22706321,Artamus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,personatus,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22714657,Locustella naevia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,naevia,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22706333,Artamus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,minor,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 103794018,Bradypterus centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,centralis,,,,,"Neumann, 1908","

Bradypterus baboecala and B. centralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. baboecala following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22706305,Artamus leucoryn,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,leucoryn,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)",

Artamus leucoryn (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Artamus leucorynchus.

 

103793989,Bradypterus baboecala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,baboecala,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Bradypterus baboecala and B. centralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. baboecala following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22706318,Artamus mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,mentalis,,,,,"Jardine, 1845", 22715501,Poodytes gramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Poodytes,gramineus,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)","

Poodytes gramineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Megalurus gramineus. 
Plumage pattern and biogeography suggest ancestral link with P. punctatus of New Zealand, and possibly also with Madagascar’s Amphilais (now Bradypterus) seebohmi. Validity of poorly known subspecies papuensis doubted in past, but separating characters have recently been confirmed and the taxon may merit further attention given its isolation (Beehler & Pratt 2016). Subspecies thomasi sometimes included in nominate (Johnstone & Storr 2004). Four subspecies recognised.

" 22707419,Machaerirhynchus flaviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACHAERIRHYNCHIDAE,Machaerirhynchus,flaviventer,,,,,"Gould, 1851", 22715521,Cincloramphus bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Cincloramphus,bivittatus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","Originally described in Timaliidae and subsequently treated in various genera. Formerly placed within the unique genus Buettikoferella (del Hoyo & Collar 2016), but molecular analysis of Alstrom et al. (2018) places it within the current genus. Monotypic." 22707422,Machaerirhynchus nigripectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACHAERIRHYNCHIDAE,Machaerirhynchus,nigripectus,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871", 22712995,Xanthomixis zosterops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Xanthomixis,zosterops,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1875)",

Xanthomixis zosterops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bernieria zosterops.

22707801,Prionops scopifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,scopifrons,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 22724439,Cryptosylvicola randrianasoloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Cryptosylvicola,randrianasoloi,,,,,"Goodman, Langrand & Whitney, 1996", 22715078,Randia pseudozosterops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Randia,pseudozosterops,,,,,"Delacour & Berlioz, 1931", 22734421,Batis crypta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,crypta,,,,,"Fjeldså, Bowie & Kiure, 2006", 22707877,Batis senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,senegalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22712209,Pseudhirundo griseopyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Pseudhirundo,griseopyga,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 22725117,Batis minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,minor,,,,,"Erlanger, 1901", 22712540,Psalidoprocne pristoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Psalidoprocne,pristoptera,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1836)", 22734102,Batis erlangeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,erlangeri,,,,,"Neumann, 1907", 103811886,Delichon urbicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Delichon,urbicum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Delichon urbicum and D. lagopodum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. urbicum following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22707957,Dyaphorophyia blissetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Dyaphorophyia,blissetti,,,,,"Sharpe, 1872",

Dyaphorophyia blissetti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Platysteira blissetti.

22712412,Petrochelidon spilodera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,spilodera,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)",

Petrochelidon spilodera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo spilodera.

 

22712471,Atronanus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Atronanus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Chapin, 1925)","

Forest Swallow has been reassigned to a new genus, Atronanus, by de Silva et al. (2018) based on a combination of molecular genetic results and distinct morphological characters. The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group accepts this treatment and recognises Atronanus fuliginosus (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019). 

Previously, Petrochelidon fuliginosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was listed as Hirundo fuliginosa.

 

" 22707482,Bocagia minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Bocagia,minuta,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1858)",Bocagia minuta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Tchagra minutus. 22712449,Petrochelidon nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,nigricans,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",

Petrochelidon nigricans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo nigricans.

 

22707510,Tchagra jamesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Tchagra,jamesi,,,,,"(Shelley, 1885)", 22730664,Chlorophoneus multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Chlorophoneus,multicolor,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",Chlorophoneus multicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Telophorus multicolor. 22712358,Cecropis semirufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Cecropis,semirufa,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)",

Cecropis semirufa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo semirufa.

 

22707672,Chlorophoneus nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Chlorophoneus,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1896)",Chlorophoneus nigrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Telophorus nigrifrons. 22707606,Laniarius leucorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,leucorhynchus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1848)", 22712294,Hirundo neoxena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,neoxena,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22735541,Laniarius sublacteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,sublacteus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1851)","Laniarius aethiopicus, L. nigerrimus and L. sublacteus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. aethiopicus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22707701,Telophorus dohertyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Telophorus,dohertyi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1901)", 22706805,Rhipidura leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,leucophrys,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 103709613,Rhipidura albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,albogularis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)","Rhipidura albicollis and R. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. albicollis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22706839,Rhipidura hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,hyperythra,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22706927,Dicrurus ludwigii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,ludwigii,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 103710940,Dicrurus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,modestus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1849",Dicrurus adsimilis and D. modestus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. adsimilis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993). 22706952,Dicrurus forficatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,forficatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22706990,Dicrurus densus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,densus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22706987,Dicrurus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICRURIDAE,Dicrurus,montanus,,,,,"(Riley, 1919)", 22707373,Myiagra galeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,galeata,,,,,"Gray, 1860", 22707400,Myiagra ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,ruficollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22707403,Myiagra cyanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,cyanoleuca,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22707409,Myiagra alecto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,alecto,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 103712761,Myiagra nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,nana,,,,,"(Gould, 1870)","Myiagra inquieta and M. nana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. inquieta following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103712805,Arses telescopthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Arses,telescopthalmus,,,,,"(Garnot, 1827)","Arses telescopthalmus and A. lorealis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. telescophthalmus following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103712825,Arses lorealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Arses,lorealis,,,,,"De Vis, 1895","Arses telescopthalmus and A. lorealis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. telescophthalmus following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22707231,Symposiachrus axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,axillaris,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)",Symposiachrus axillaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha axillaris. 22707267,Symposiachrus guttula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,guttula,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)",Symposiachrus guttula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha guttula.
 22707277,Symposiachrus trivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,trivirgatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)",Symposiachrus trivirgatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha trivirgatus. 103713873,Symposiachrus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,barbatus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)","

Symposiachrus barbatus and S. malaitae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Monarcha barbatus (see Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Coates et al. [2006]; Filardi and Smith [2005]).

" 22707339,Carterornis chrysomela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Carterornis,chrysomela,,,,,"(Garnot, 1827)",Carterornis chrysomela (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha chrysomela. 22707216,Clytorhynchus vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Clytorhynchus,vitiensis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1866)", 22707237,Monarcha cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Monarcha,cinerascens,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 22707074,Hypothymis helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Hypothymis,helenae,,,,,"(Steere, 1890)", 103715865,Terpsiphone unirufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,unirufa,,,,,"Salomonsen, 1937","

Terpsiphone cinnamomea and T. unirufa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cinnamomea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22731073,Terpsiphone rufiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,rufiventer,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22705021,Lanius souzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,souzae,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1878", 58740,Odorrana trankieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,trankieni,,,,,"(Orlov, Le & Ho, 2003)", 118770399,Microstigma maculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Microstigma,maculatum,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1860","In 2011, von Ellenrieder stated that ""Based on observed morphological variability of the diagnostic characters traditionally used to identify species of Microstigma, the three specific names currently used might represent only intraspecific variability"", thus Microstigma species may all be M. anomalum synonym." 118770394,Mnesarete rhopalon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,rhopalon,,,,,"Garrison, 2006", 22723198,Incaspiza ortizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Incaspiza,ortizi,,,,,"Zimmer, 1952", 22685025,Psittrichas fulgidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittrichas,fulgidus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22736232,Automolus lammi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,lammi,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1947)", 22704998,Lanius bucephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,bucephalus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1847", 22705017,Lanius gubernator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,gubernator,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1882", 22705026,Lanius vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,vittatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1826", 103718956,Lanius borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,borealis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1808","

Lanius excubitor, L. borealis and L. meridionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. excubitor following AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22698957,Hemitriccus kaempferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,kaempferi,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1953)", 22736049,Dendrocitta cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Dendrocitta,cinerascens,,,,,"Sharpe, 1879","

Dendrocitta occipitalis and D. cinerascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. occipitalis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705798,Urocissa flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Urocissa,flavirostris,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)", 103723684,Garrulus glandarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Garrulus,glandarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Garrulus glandarius , G. bispecularis and G. leucotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. glandarius following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103726922,Garrulus bispecularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Garrulus,bispecularis,,,,,"Vigors, 1831","Garrulus glandarius , G. bispecularis and G. leucotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. glandarius following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22705925,Ptilostomus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Ptilostomus,afer,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22706010,Corvus nasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,nasicus,,,,,"Temminck, 1826", 22705983,Corvus frugilegus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,frugilegus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22706064,Corvus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,ruficollis,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 22735894,Corvus albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,albus,,,,,"Müller, 1776", 22706016,Corvus corone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,corone,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 103727499,Corvus enca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,enca,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1822)","

Corvus enca and C. violaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. enca following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705963,Corvus validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,validus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 103727557,Corvus orru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,orru,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851","

Corvus orru and C. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. orru following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 45421208,Pyrrhura leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,leucotis,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","Pyrrhura leucotis and P. emma (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucotis, under which P. griseipectus and P. pfrimeri were also formerly subsumed following (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993)." 22687791,Aglaeactis castelnaudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aglaeactis,castelnaudii,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)", 22705614,Cyanocitta stelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocitta,stelleri,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22705714,Cyanocorax cristatellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,cristatellus,,,,,"Temminck, 1823", 22705708,Cyanocorax coeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,coeruleus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",

Cyanocorax coeruleus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as C. caeruleus.

22705738,Cyanocorax yncas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,yncas,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 118808623,Drawida companio,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,companio,,,,,"Blakemore, 2014","This taxon likely has new status as a sub-species of D. koreana. Its taxonomic identity is reasonably well defined for the genus and definitive DNA barcode data complied 99% with an unidentified Genbank specimen (AB592438 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/383082060?report=genbank&log$=nucltop&blast_rank=1&RID=VY62N2SG014 September 2017) from Japan.  However, as noted by Blakemore  et al. (2014: 150), there was a chance that the sample initially identified as ""WO28 Shindo 4th May, 2012 Drawida cf. koreana Shindo sp. 2 blue"" was mixed in an unreliable Korean polychaete genetics laboratory with sample ""WO27 Shindo 4th May, 2012 Drawida cf. japonica pale"" that, nevertheless, also complied 99% with a ""Drawida sp."" specimen (AB592437) from ""Japan: Kochi, Nankoku, Monobe"".  This latter possibility becomes more likely as sample WO27 now also agrees with a Genbank specimen (KR047040) from Taiwan identified as ""Drawida koreana"" published around 2015 (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi R. Blakemore pers. obs. September 2017).  Since D. companio is blue and Drawida koreana is also typically blue coloured (Blakemore et al. 2014: tab. 1), then this possibility gathers more support and D. companio may indeed occur in Japan, Korea and Taiwan and may in fact be a further sub-species of D. koreana." 118808954,Amynthas carnosus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,carnosus,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1899)","Easton (1981) included this species in tentative synonymy of Amynthas gracilis, however, it was restored and revised by Blakemore (2003: 14, 37, 2012b, 2012c, 2013)." 118811139,Amynthas glabrus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,glabrus,,,,,"(Gates, 1932)", 118811808,Amynthas habereri,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,habereri,,,,,"(Cognetti, 1906)", 22706114,Manucodia ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Manucodia,ater,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22706128,Manucodia comrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Manucodia,comrii,,,,,"Sclater, 1876", 22704154,Notiomystis cincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NOTIOMYSTIDAE,Notiomystis,cincta,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1839)", 22718137,Melanocharis nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Melanocharis,nigra,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22718140,Melanocharis longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Melanocharis,longicauda,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876", 22718143,Melanocharis versteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Melanocharis,versteri,,,,,"(Finsch, 1876)", 22718162,Oedistoma pygmaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Oedistoma,pygmaeum,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876", 22704757,Amalocichla sclateriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Amalocichla,sclateriana,,,,,"De Vis, 1892", 22704792,Eugerygone rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Eugerygone,rubra,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1879)", 22701577,Herpsilochmus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,pectoralis,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 118812979,Amynthas koreanus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,koreanus,,,,,"(Kobayashi, 1934)", 118813973,Amynthas kunigamiensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,kunigamiensis,,,,,"(Ishizuka & Azama, 2000)", 118814555,Amynthas micronarius,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,micronarius,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1898)","A. micronarius acquired several recent synonyms (Blakemore 2003, 2012a).  Between 1999-2000 approximately 60 new names were proposed by Mr Kotaru Ishizuka, several of these were homonyms, most were synonyms and many if not all were species incertae sedis or species inquirenda due to inconsistencies and inadequacy of original descriptions unaided by a failure to properly compare with prior Japanese or Korean taxa.  This too was not helped by the secreting of the crucial and historical Goto & Hatai type collections by Mr Ishizuka from 1980 until their rediscovery in 2010 (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016).  The monumental task of correcting all these errors is circumvented by invoking ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) for discounting all Ishizuka's names and nomenclatural acts.
Affinities of its erstwhile synonyms, included A. shimaensis, A. yamizoyamensis and A. obtusus as per Easton (1981) and Blakemore (2003, 2012a).  Subsequetly, Amynthas shimaensis and A. yamizoyamensis were restored separately by Blakemore (2012b) and several other possibly synonyms proposed.  However, all those names from Mr Kotaro Ishizuka are herein discounted since they appear to contravene ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) as was noted by Blakemore (2010).  The species Amynthas micronarius is now well defined both morphologically and molecularly following definition of a neotype by Blakemore (2012b).  And, although a possible syntype was identified in the Goto & Hatai collection it could not be definitely confirmed.  This national heritage collection was only rediscovered after 30 years of  disappearance on loan to Mr Kotaro Ishizuka (see rediscovery in Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012c, 2016)." 118817327,Amynthas palarva,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,palarva,,,,,"(Blakemore, 2003)","Blakemore (2003: 38) was obliged to provide this replacement name for permanently invalid primary and secondary homonyms for ""Pheretima parvula"" Ishizuka, 2000 [non Perichata  parvula  Goto  &  Hatai,  1898  (?= Amynthas  gracilis);  nec  Pheretima  parvula  Ohfuchi, 1956 (= Metaphire parvula)]. However, it now appears that the required ""standards, sense and stability"" for zoological nomenclature were not met (ICZN 1999) and the original name is now considered invalid whereas, ironically, the replacement name may be valid.  In particular, under ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4 - http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp?article=11&nfv=true) since the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature [Art. 5.1] was not consistently applied in the original work as a Japanese vernacular name was simultaneously applied (as was noted in Blakemore 2010).  Between 1999-2000 approximately 60 new names were proposed by Mr Kotaru Ishizuka, several of these were homonyms, most were synonyms and many if not all were species incertae sedis or species inquirenda due to inconsistencies and inadequacy of original descriptions unaided by a failure to properly compare with prior Japanese or Asiatic Korean taxa.  This too was not helped by the secreting of the crucial Sendai types and the heritage Goto & Hatai type collection by Mr Ishizuka from 1980 until their rediscovery in 2010 (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  The monumental and onerous task of correcting all these errors is circumvented by invoking ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) seeking invalidation and suppression for all Ishizuka's names and nomenclatural acts.  As a professional courtesy, Mr Ishizuka was informed of these and many other oversights and deficits in his publications in 2001 and subsequently (pers. comms.) but he failed to correct nor acknowledge them then nor subsequently turning his unfortunate errors into deliberate mistakes.  Recombined as “Amynthas palarvus” in Blakemore (2010a:193), as a ‘nonsense’ name, it should actually be maintained as A. palarva as noted by Blakemore (2012b).
It was originally compared only to ""Pheretima oyuensis"" and it was thought a possibly junior synonym of Amynthas micronarius by Blakemore (2012b) but, as a parthenogenetically degraded morph, it could actually comply within a broad diagnosis of several prior taxa (Blakemore 2003). Resolution may be from definitive DNA of a topotype (it is believed unobtainable from the Tokyo type preserved in toxic formalin that destroys DNA), which may then be compared to the Genbank library or other species from Japan/Korea or Asia, including historical types rediscovered and now conserved in the collection of the National Museum in Tokyo (Blakemore 2012c, 2016)." 118817999,Amynthas shimaensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,shimaensis,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1899)","For much of the last century it has been in synonymy (Easton 1981, Blakemore 2003, 2012a), but was revived by Blakemore (2012b).  Type specimens are missing after the historical, heritage Goto & Hatai collection was secreted for 30 years (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012c, 2016) thus further eco-taxonomic study is required to define the full extent of this taxon." 22704795,Petroica bivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,bivittata,,,,,"De Vis, 1897", 22704782,Kempiella griseoceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Kempiella,griseoceps,,,,,"(De Vis, 1894)",

Kempiella griseoceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Microeca griseoceps.

22704786,Kempiella flavovirescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Kempiella,flavovirescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)",

Kempiella flavovirescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Microeca flavovirescens.

22704789,Devioeca papuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Devioeca,papuana,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)",

Devioeca papuana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Microeca papuana.

22704857,Cryptomicroeca flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Cryptomicroeca,flaviventris,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1903)",

Cryptomicroeca flaviventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eopsaltria flaviventris.

 

103736933,Microeca flavigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Microeca,flavigaster,,,,,"Gould, 1843","

Microeca flavigaster and M. tormenti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. flavigaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22704773,Microeca hemixantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Microeca,hemixantha,,,,,"Sclater, 1883", 103737970,Drymodes beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Drymodes,beccarii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","

Drymodes superciliaris and D. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. superciliaris following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22704872,Poecilodryas hypoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Poecilodryas,hypoleuca,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 22735674,Poecilodryas superciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Poecilodryas,superciliosa,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)", 22704880,Gennaeodryas placens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Gennaeodryas,placens,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)",

Gennaeodryas placens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Poecilodryas placens.

22704837,Melanodryas cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Melanodryas,cucullata,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22704889,Peneothello cryptoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Peneothello,cryptoleuca,,,,,"(Hartert, 1930)", 22704896,Peneothello cyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Peneothello,cyanus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1874)", 22704863,Peneoenanthe pulverulenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Peneoenanthe,pulverulenta,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",

Peneoenanthe pulverulenta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Eopsaltria pulverulenta.

22715462,Hyliota flavigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HYLIOTIDAE,Hyliota,flavigaster,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22715471,Hyliota violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HYLIOTIDAE,Hyliota,violacea,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851", 22707021,Elminia longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STENOSTIRIDAE,Elminia,longicauda,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22735965,Periparus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Periparus,ater,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

Periparus ater (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus ater.

22711989,Baeolophus atricristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Baeolophus,atricristatus,,,,,"Cassin, 1850", 22729143,Baeolophus ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Baeolophus,ridgwayi,,,,,"(Richmond, 1902)", 22711964,Sittiparus semilarvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Sittiparus,semilarvatus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1865)",

Sittiparus semilarvatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus semilarvatus.

22735995,Poecile palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,palustris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Poecile palustris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus palustris. 22735382,Poecile hypermelaenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,hypermelaenus,,,,,"Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891",Poecile hypermelaenus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus hypermelaenus. 118818144,Amynthas tappensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,tappensis,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1935)","

 Amynthas tappensis (Ohfuchi, 1935) [syns. ""Pheretima bimaculata"" Ishizuka, 1999;""Pheretima silvatica"" Ishizuka, 1999; ""?Pheretima surcata"" Ishizuka, 1999 (cf. A. tokioensis) - these three names now invalidated; Amynthas odaesanensis Hong & James, 2001; Amynthas righii Hong & James, 2001; Amynthas fasciiformis Hong & James, 2001 - synoynym as per Blakemore (2003b: 43, addenda; 2005); ?sanchongensis Hong & James, 2001 syn. nov. Blakemore (2014) - if not synonymous then its possible non-superficial male pores qualify it for Metaphire hilgendorfi and its ilk].  The difficulty in determining distribution is that DNA uploaded to the Genbank resource for about 17 subsequent report specimens identified by novices as being this taxon from Japan appear to belong to at least five separate lineages (R. Blakemore pers. obs. August, 2017 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=txid585706[Organism:noexp]) with separation up to 8% on the COI barcode gene whereas 2-3% more often separates inter-specifically.  This indicates likely misidentifications and/or a species-complex in urgent need of further eco-taxonomic work in both Japan and Korea based upon IUCN (1999) Principle of Priority.


Blakemore (2012b: 124) rediscovered likely syntypes in the collection of Tokyo Museum in 2009 that were from Hokkaido, thus this is newly included in the distribution range.


This species is dependent upon further research based upon the types of the respective taxa applied under the rules and regulations of ICZN (1999) combined with properly conducted field surveys and comprehensive molecular analyses.  Easton (1981) listed this taxon as part of an Amynthas hilgendorfi species-complex, whereas Blakemore (2003: 27, 43, 2010, 2012a: 11, 2014) gave it separate species status with several subsequent synonyms added from Japan and Korea (note that several of these are now shown to be nomenclaturally invalid).  Despite an elapse of more than 80 years, the taxonomic status of this earthworm remains unclear, muddied by its proximity to parts of the Amynthas tokioensis species-complex as constructed by Blakemore (2010). Unfortunately its original types were lost and only in 2009 rediscovered by Blakemore (2012b: 124), other material was not found in the hidden, historical collections (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, 2016).  The difficulty in determining distribution is that DNA uploaded to the Genbank resource for about 17 subsequent report specimens identified by novices as being this taxon from Japan appear to belong to at least five separate lineages (R. Blakemore pers. obs. August, 2017 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=txid585706[Organism:noexp]) with separation up to 8% on the COI barcode gene whereas 2-3% more often separates inter-specifically.  This indicates likely misidentifications and/or a species-complex in urgent need of further eco-taxonomic work in both Japan, Korea, and possibly further abroad.

" 118818651,Amynthas tokioensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,tokioensis,,,,,"(Beddard, 1892)","Several synonyms of this parthenogenetic species are open to question and refinement (Easton 1981: 51, Blakemore 2003: 7, 27, 43, 2010, 2012a: 11, 2012b, 2014, 2016a).  In particular, Amynthas jiriensis (Song & Paik, 1971) was omitted by Easton (1981) and Blakemore  (2003, 2012a), but was included according to Blakemore (2008, 2010, 2014) only on advice of ""M.T. Ito (pers. comm. January, 2007)"" - see also https://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/pubs/bulletin/421/documents/421-5.pdf page 283).  It possibly requires restoration, however, recent molecular work from Korea indicates that A. jiriensis is now also itself confused taxonomically and has been misidentified at least with A. daeari Blakemore, 2013.  As Blakemore (2010: 28) noted ""Constraints of space, time and funding considerations preclude addition of the remainder of all dozen or so latterly published Korean taxa with manicate caeca proposed by HONG & JAMES (2001), HONG & LEE (2001) and HONG & KIM (2005), etc. as noted above; these can be left for successive resolution once all the classical, historical and prior taxa have been properly sorted"" (file:///C:/Users/joehe_000/Desktop/Blakemore%202010%20Saga%20of%20Herr%20Hilgendorf%20s%20worms%20(Accepted%20MS).pdf).

ts morphological identity was finally determined by Blakemore (2010) from inspection of its London type.  However, its taxonomic boundaries still require refinement as several of its putative synonyms, e.g. Amynthas jiriensis (Song & Paik, 1971), are open to question  and several historical Goto & Hatai syntypes that were identified from their hidden heritage collection (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  Moreover, its recent DNA barcode from Jeju (Blakemore 2012b: WO49) had 99-100% match to both ""Metaphire hilgendorfi"" (AB543234) and to ""Amynthas tokioensis"" (AB542556) both from Tappi in Japan, as well as with ""Amynthas sp."" from USA (e.g. KX454310) (Genbank Blast results August 2017).  Further eco-taxonomic research is required on this parthenogenetic species across its whole distribution range." 118818884,Amynthas vittatus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,vittatus,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1898)", 118819769,Amynthas yamade,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,yamade,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010", 118828187,Amynthas yambaruensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,yambaruensis,,,,,"(Ishizuka & Azama, 2000)","mtDNA is available on Genbank as AB543183 from Mt. Yonahadake, Kunigmi Village, Okinawa.
The taxon was reviwed by Blakemore (2003, 2012) and subsequently mtDNA is found on Genbank as AB543183 from samples from Kunigami Village, Okinawa." 118829121,Amynthas yunoshimensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,yunoshimensis,,,,,"(Hatai, 1930)","It was thought a probable synonym of parthenogenetic Metaphire hilgendorfi by Blakemore (2012b; 28, fig. 9) when designating a topotypic neotype (and possible syntype).  However Genbank has several reports from northern Japan that seem to counter-indicate this, if identifications are correct (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=amynthas+yunoshimensis August, 2017).

 As an historical species that due to parthenogeneticy was described with variable characteristics, the possibility persists that it is a synonym of components of the Metaphire hilgendorfi species-complex.  However, a neotype was described by Blakemore (2012b) that now unambiguously defines the identity of the name.  Subsequent reports are not definitively confirmed as this taxon, despite DNA showing conclusive differences from M. hilgendorfi, thus further eco-taxonomic work is required to confirm its status (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2010, 2012a, 2012b, 2016).  Possibilities for distribution of this name are: 1/. A. yunoshimensis proper, 2/. M. hilgendorfi synonym, or some other component of the M. hilgendorfi species-complex as either 3/. known or 4/. new. Without further information, recent DNA identifications may be any of the three non-M. hilgendorfi options." 118829286,Duplodicodrilus acinctus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Duplodicodrilus,acinctus,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1899)"," Original Goto & Hatai heritage types were hidden for 30 years (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012a, 2016) masking the identity of this species that was originally described on immature specimens until designation of a neotype by Blakemore 2012a)." 118829540,Duplodicodrilus schmardae,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Duplodicodrilus,schmardae,,,,,"(Horst, 1883)", 118831686,Amynthas agrestis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,agrestis,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1899)","The original types were not located in the heritage Goto & Hatai collection now in the National Museum Tokyo, that had been hidden for 30 years; however, a potential neotype was recognized in other hidden material (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  Despite several misidentifications and a checkered taxonomic history with some synonyms, its identification is becoming more certain as DNA evidence mounts (Blakemore 2010, 2016b).  However, the five sequences identified as this taxon on Genbank (R. Blakemore pers. obs. August, 2017) seem to differ interspecifically within themselves (possibly for the erstwhile M. hataii synonym?) and to concur with other specimens misidentified as ""M. communissima"" and ""A. yunoshimensis"", thus further clarification is needed." 118832183,Metaphire communissima,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,communissima,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1899)","in heritage Goto & Hatai collection, not restored in Tokyo after being hidden for 30 years (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2016).  Blakemore (2012b) designated a lectotype.  There are numerous recent reports, some with DNA (Genbank data, - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=communissima R. Blakemore pers. obs. August, 2017), however these seem not to comply with each other 100% and are close to other vouchers identified as ""Amynthas agrestis""." 118832952,Metaphire hilgendorfi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,hilgendorfi,,,,,"(Michaelsen, 1892)","Part of a parthenogenetic Metaphire hilgendorfi species-complex, the specific boundaries and proper synonyms are constantly being refined from both field survey and from museum types combined with DNA analyses. Type specimens in from Berlin, Hamburg and London Museums were inspected by Blakemore (2010, 2014, 2016), however types of several Japanese synonyms from the heritage Goto & Hatai collection in Tokyo were only recently re-discovered after being hidden for more than 30 years (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b)." 118833863,Metaphire megascolidioides,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,megascolidioides,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1899)", 118834896,Metaphire ryunome,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,ryunome,,,,,"Blakemore, 2012","This species is listed as Data Deficient as there are lingering questions on its identity (Blakemore 2012, 2013, 2015).  It was originally though close to Amynthas robustus but definitive DNA showed it to both be a different species and also a 100% match with ""Amynthas incongruus"" from China.  On the Genbank website (R. Blakemore pers. obs. September, 2017 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=incongruus) there are dozens of reports of A. incongruus, however their DNA barcodes seemingly differ intra-specifically by 4-8% which indicates misidentification since acceptable specific difference is >2-3%.   Apart from correct identity, which depends upon priority rules of ICZN (1999), there is the high possibility that this species is introduced into any of its three known domiciles." 118836601,Metaphire soulensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,soulensis,,,,,"(Kobayashi, 1938)","Easton's (1981: 60) mistaken synonymy of M. soulensis (Kobayashi 1938) with M. yamadai (Hatai, 1930) was reversed by Blakemore (2003) and the two taxa were retained separately by Blakemore (2012a, 2012b, 2013a ,2013b, 2014, 2015).
 Unambiguous and definitive molecular mtDNA COI gene barcode analyses show that the specimens from Dagelet Island, Korea agree 99-100% with those from the Korean mainland and with those from Japan (Blakemore, 2013b, e.g. from Tappi, Sendai, Hachioji, Tanzawa, Mishima, Kobe and Hiroshima - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=soulensis R.Blakemore pers. obs. September 2017) and it is also reported from Tokyo, Sado, Shikoku and Tsunashima Islands, i.e. most of Japan except Hokkaido and Okinawa.  Morphological agreement of specific Korean synonym Pheretima shinkeiensis Kobayashi, 1938 is shown by Blakemore (2015: figs. 3-4).  Other Korean names, Amynthas dageletensis Hong & Kim 2005 and Amynthas chiakensis Hong & James, 2013 also seemingly agrees 99-100% with the Korean and the Japanese specimen vouchers (Blakemore 2015: Appendix). " 118837340,Metaphire tanbode,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,tanbode,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","Although definitive morphology, figures and DNA data are provided (Blakemore 2010) further eco-taxonomic research is required since no DNA match on Genbank is closer than 85% (R. Blakemore pers. obs. September, 2017) thus its distribution and affinities are unclear." 118837412,Metaphire tosaensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,tosaensis,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1938)", 118838228,Metaphire yamadai,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,yamadai,,,,,"(Hatai, 1930)","Easton (1981: 60) misspelled the name ""yamardai"" and included P. soulensis Kobayashi, 1938 in synonymy, but this was rejected by Blakemore (2003: 43).  A neotype was designated by Blakemore (2012b) and the P. pectinifera synonymy questioned.  However, the possibility of synonymy of Korean Metaphire quelparta (Kobayashi, 1937) and M. sanseiana (Ohfuchi, 1951: 56) (plus indigo Ohfuchi, 1951: 58) were raised by Blakemore (2012b, 2013a).  Metaphire brevipenis (Qiu & Wen, 1988) described from the Guizhou Province, China also closely resembles this species.  Further eco-taxonomic resolution is therefore required." 118838925,Amynthas nonsilvestris,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,nonsilvestris,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","Blakemore (2010a: 193) was obliged to provide this replacement name in order to presage its potential restoration since this name occasionally resurfaces contrary to taxonomic protocol and conventions. Moreover, it appears that the required ""standards, sense and stability"" for zoological nomenclature were not met (ICZN 1999).  In particular, under ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4 - http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp?article=11&nfv=true) since the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature [Art. 5.1] was not consistently applied in the original work as a Japanese vernacular name was simultaneously applied.  Between 1999-2000 approximately 60 new names were proposed by Mr Kotaru Ishizuka, several of these were homonyms, most were synonyms and many if not all were species incertae sedis or species inquirenda due to inconsistencies and inadequacy of original descriptions unaided by a failure to properly compare with prior Japanese or Korean taxa.  This too was not helped by the secreting of the crucial and heritage Goto & Hatai type collection by Mr Ishizuka from 1980 until its rediscovery in 2010 (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  The monumental and onerous task of correcting all these errors is circumvented by invoking ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) seeking invalidation and suppression for all Ishizuka's names and nomenclatural acts.
Amynthas nonsilvestris Blakemore, 2010 is a replacement name for""Pheretima silvestris"" Ishizuka, 2000, a permanently invalid primary homonym [non Pheretima silvestris Michaelsen, 1923 (= Amynthas silvestris)]. Under ICZN (1999: Arts. 57.2, 60) this junior primary homonym is permanently invalid but it was not previously replaced as it was thought that synonyms existed. Currently it is held as one of the 40 likely synonyms of cosmopolitan Amynthas corticis (Kinberg, 1867), as with A. noninvistus and A. nonsetosus. The synonymy of the A. corticis-group has recently been questioned by some authors in manuscript and in preliminary unpublished molecular analyses (as presented on Genbank online facility).  A replacement name was considered warranted pending thorough revision of the A. corticis species-complex (Blakemore 2003, 2010, 2012a, 2012b 2016a). The original taxon is now not longer considered valid under ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) although, ironically, the replacement name is." 118838943,Amynthas nonsetosus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,nonsetosus,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","Blakemore (2010a: 193) was obliged to provide this replacement name in order to presage its potential restoration since this name occasionally resurfaces contrary to taxonomic protocol and conventions. Moreover, it appears that the required ""standards, sense and stability"" for zoological nomenclature were not met (ICZN 1999).  In particular, under ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4 - http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp?article=11&nfv=true) since the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature [Art. 5.1] was not consistently applied in the original work as a Japanese vernacular name was simultaneously applied.  Between 1999-2000 approximately 60 new names were proposed by Mr Kotaru Ishizuka, several of these were homonyms, most were synonyms and many if not all were species incertae sedis or species inquirenda due to inconsistencies and inadequacy of original descriptions unaided by a failure to properly compare with prior Japanese or Korean/Asiatic taxa.  This too was not helped by the secreting of the crucial and historical Goto & Hatai type heritage collection by Mr Ishizuka from 1980 until its rediscovery in 2010 (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  The monumental and onerous task of correcting all these errors is circumvented by invoking the ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) seeking invalidation and suppression for all Ishizuka's names and nomenclatural acts." 118838959,Amynthas nonmonticolus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,nonmonticolus,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","Blakemore (2010) was obliged to provide this replacement name in order to presage its potential restoration since the former name occasionally resurfaces contrary to taxonomic protocol and conventions. Moreover, it appears that the required ""standards, sense and stability"" for zoological nomenclature were not met (ICZN 1999).  In particular, a case may be put forward to the International Commission to suppress the name under ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4 - http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp?article=11&nfv=true) since the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature [Art. 5.1] was not consistently applied in the original work as a Japanese vernacular name was simultaneously applied.  Between 1999-2000 approximately 60 new names were proposed by Mr Kotaru Ishizuka, several of these were homonyms, most were synonyms and many if not all were species incertae sedis or species inquirenda due to inconsistencies and inadequacy of original descriptions unaided by a failure to properly compare with prior Japanese or Korean/Asiatic taxa.  This too was not helped by the secreting of the crucial and historical Goto & Hatai type collection by Mr Ishizuka from 1980 until its rediscovery in 2010 (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  The monumental task of correcting all these errors may be circumvented by invoking the ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) seeking invalidation and suppression for all Ishizuka's names and nomenclatural acts.
Blakemore (2003) listed ""Pheretima monticola"" Ishizuka, 2000 (non Pheretima monticola Beddard, 1912) in likely synonymy of the widespread cosmopolitan A. corticis, especially the A. carnosus components restored by Blakemore (2012c).  Blakemore (2010) was obliged to provide a replacement name for the permanently invalid homonym as it persisted in the Japanese literature in violation of the conventions and protocols of IZCN (1999).  The likely senior synonym was also associated with A. yamizoymensis by Blakemore (2010, 2012b) but may also be affiliated with A. corticis.  Such possibilities depend upon further eco-taxonomic research following the international regulations codified by ICZN (1999)." 118838971,Amynthas nonmontanus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,nonmontanus,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","Blakemore (2010a: 193) was obliged to provide this replacement name in order to presage potential restoration since the original name occasionally resurfaces contrary to taxonomic protocol and conventions. Moreover, it appears that the required ""standards, sense and stability"" for zoological nomenclature were not met (ICZN 1999).  In particular, ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4 - http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp?article=11&nfv=true) was not met since the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature [Art. 5.1] was not consistently applied in the original work as a Japanese vernacular name was simultaneously applied.  Between 1999-2000 approximately 60 new names were proposed by Mr Kotaru Ishizuka, several of these were homonyms, most were synonyms and many if not all were species incertae sedis or species inquirenda due to inconsistencies and inadequacy of original descriptions unaided by a failure to properly compare with prior Japanese or Korean or Asian taxa.  This too was not helped by the secreting of the crucial and historical Goto & Hatai type collection by Mr Ishizuka from 1980 until its rediscovery in 2010 (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  The monumental task of correcting all these errors is circumvented by invoking the ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) seeking invalidation and suppression for all Ishizuka's names and nomenclatural acts.
Amynthas nonmontanus Blakemore, 2010 is a replacement name for permanently invalid primary homonym ""Pheretima montana"" Ishizuka, 1999 (non  Pheretima  montana  Kinberg,  1867 the type species of the genus!) that is considered a junior synonym of prior A. fuscatus (Goto & Hatai, 1898), therefore the need for further eco-taxonomic revision is flagged." 118838980,Amynthas noninvisus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,noninvisus,,,,,"Blakemore, 2010","Blakemore (2010a: 193) was obliged to provide this replacement name in order to presage potential restoration of the original name since that name occasionally resurfaces contrary to taxonomic protocol and conventions. Moreover, it appears that the required ""standards, sense and stability"" for zoological nomenclature were not met (ICZN 1999).  In particular, the original description appears invalid under ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4 - http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp?article=11&nfv=true) since the Principle of Binominal Nomenclature [Art. 5.1] was not consistently applied in the original work as a Japanese vernacular name ""Kotsubu-mimizu"" (コツブミミズ) was simultaneously applied.  Between 1999-2000 approximately 60 new names were proposed by Mr Kotaru Ishizuka, several of these were homonyms, most were synonyms and many if not all were species incertae sedis or species inquirenda due to inconsistencies and inadequacy of original descriptions unaided by a failure to properly compare with prior Japanese or Korean taxa.  This too was hindered by the secreting of the crucial and historical Goto & Hatai type collection by Mr Ishizuka from 1980 until its rediscovery in 2010 (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b).  The monumental and onerous task of correcting all these errors is now circumvented by invoking the ICZN (1999: Art. 11.4) invalidating and seeking suppression for all Ishizuka's names and nomenclatural acts allowing less hindered taxonomic progress following International rules and conventions.
The nominal and cosmopolitan sub-species, Amynthas corticis corticis, to which this synonym belongs (Blakemore 2003, 2012a) is included in the Japanese Redlist only because its original epithet,""Pheretima invisa"" Ishizuka, 2000 (sic), still persists in parts of Japanese literature despite also being a permanently invalid primary homonym (non Pheretima invisa Cognetti, 1913)." 103819224,Phyllastrephus albigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,albigula,,,,,"(Grote, 1919)","

Phyllastrephus debilis and P. albigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. debilis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 118839630,Amynthas masatakae,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,masatakae,,,,,"(Beddard, 1892)","Until restored by Blakemore (2012b), held as an erstwhile synonym of A. robustus (Perrier), e.g. Easton (1981), Blakemore (2003); Blakemore (2012a) had synonyms: "" Amynthas  robustus  (Perrier,  1872)  (syn. masatakae ; campestris Goto and Hatai, 1898 [non Lee, 1952]; ?zavatarii; ornata; ??sheni; lauta; corrugata).""
Revision based upon London Museum type material and on recently collected Yokohama and Korean specimens allowed Blakemore (2012b) to retrieve it from synonymy and to separate off some of its implied synonyms. Support for this eco-taxonomic revision was from mtDNA barcodes that were obtained for Japanese and Korean specimens and checked against the GenBank database by Blakemore (2012b). These results showed 99-100% agreement between specimens and databased vouchers identified as ""A. robustus"" from Japan (registration AB42532-3 from Tokyo and Osaka) and ""A. triastriatus"" from ""China"" (registration EF077538 of a possibly misidentified voucher).  DNA from the museum lectotype was sequenced and partial results obtained but were considered degraded and inconclusive so were not included by Blakemore (2012b) and, while not supporting the revisions, neither did they detract as the morphology was compelling" 22712260,Hirundo lucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,lucida,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1858", 22712216,Ptyonoprogne rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Ptyonoprogne,rupestris,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)",

Ptyonoprogne rupestris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hirundo rupestris.

 

22712202,Phedinopsis brazzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Phedinopsis,brazzae,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1886)",

Phedinopsis brazzae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phedina brazzae.

 

22712077,Tachycineta thalassina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,thalassina,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22712071,Tachycineta meyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,meyeni,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)", 22712157,Stelgidopteryx ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Stelgidopteryx,ridgwayi,,,,,"Nelson, 1901",

Stelgidopteryx serripennis and S. ridgwayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. serripennis following AOU (1998 and supplements) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

22712140,Pygochelidon melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Pygochelidon,melanoleuca,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)",

Pygochelidon melanoleuca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Atticora melanoleuca.

 

22712146,Alopochelidon fucata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Alopochelidon,fucata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22712419,Orochelidon andecola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Orochelidon,andecola,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)",

Orochelidon andecola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Haplochelidon andecola.

 

22729533,Lanius meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,meridionalis,,,,,"Temminck, 1820","

Lanius excubitor, L. borealis and L. meridionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. excubitor following AOU (1998 and supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22722136,Conothraupis mesoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conothraupis,mesoleuca,,,,,"(Berlioz, 1939)", 22720940,Emberiza socotrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,socotrana,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899)", 22718933,Ploceus spekeoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,spekeoides,,,,,"Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1947", 103798407,Poodytes punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Poodytes,punctatus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)","

Poodytes punctatus and P. caudatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Bowdleria punctata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

" 103866004,Phylloscopus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,poliocephalus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)","

Phylloscopus poliocephalus and P. makirensis (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped and subsequently split into P. poliocephalus, P. misoriensis and P. maforensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103895665,Cyanoderma erythropterum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Cyanoderma,erythropterum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)","

Cyanoderma erythropterum and C. bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Stachyris erythroptera following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103890729,Gracupica contra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracupica,contra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Gracupica contra and G. jalla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Sturnus contra following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103872996,Curruca nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,nana,,,,,"Ehrenberg, 1833","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered conspecific with C. deserti (AERC TAC 2003, Cramp and Simmons 1977-1994, Dowsett and Forbes-Watson 1993 and Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) (see related note/s). Proposed subspecies theresae (from Sind, in Pakistan) falls within range of individual variation of nominate. Monotypic.

" 22715270,Phylloscopus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,affinis,,,,,"(Tickell, 1833)", 22726706,Amazilia lactea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,lactea,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)","

Amazilia lactea and A. bartletti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. lactea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713830,Apalis karamojae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,karamojae,,,,,"(van Someren, 1921)", 22695721,Butastur liventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Butastur,liventer,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 22693556,Chionis albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHIONIDAE,Chionis,albus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22726434,Colaptes cinereicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,cinereicapillus,,,,,"Reichenbach, 1854","

Colaptes rupicola and C cinereicapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. rupicola following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22690080,Columba guinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,guinea,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 103894121,Copsychus pica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Copsychus,pica,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1858","

Copsychus albospecularis and C. pica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. albospecularis following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22696944,Egretta caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,caerulea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685949,Forpus coelestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,coelestis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1847)", 22689229,Glaucidium bolivianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,bolivianum,,,,,"König, 1991", 22729162,Glaucidium parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,parkeri,,,,,"Robbins & Howell, 1995", 22686485,Hydrochous gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Hydrochous,gigas,,,,,"(Hartert & Butler, 1901)", 61612971,Lophoceros semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,semifasciatus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)","Lophoceros fasciatus and L. semifasciatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Tockus and lumped as T. fasciatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22691955,Lophotis savilei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Lophotis,savilei,,,,,"Lynes, 1920","Lophotis savilei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eupodotis.

Lophotis (Eupodotis) ruficrista, L. savilei and L. gindiana (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) are retained as separate species contra Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) who included savilei and gindiana as subspecies of E. ruficrista.

" 22680488,Mergus squamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mergus,squamatus,,,,,"Gould, 1864", 22682267,Nystalus striolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nystalus,striolatus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1856)", 22691505,Ptilinopus rivoli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,rivoli,,,,,"(Prévost, 1843)", 22697264,Tigrisoma fasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Tigrisoma,fasciatum,,,,,"(Such, 1825)", 45433495,Treron delalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,delalandii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)","Treron calvus and T. delalandii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. calvus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22724290,Macroagelaius subalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Macroagelaius,subalaris,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 118891933,Severinia turcomaniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Severinia,turcomaniae,,,,,"Saussure, 1872", 118892125,Hierodula tenuidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Hierodula,tenuidentata,,,,,"Saussure, 1869", 118892118,Rivetina nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,RIVETINIDAE,Rivetina,nana,,,,,"Mistshenko, 1967", 22698777,Neodrepanis hypoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHILEPITTIDAE,Neodrepanis,hypoxantha,,,,,"Salomonsen, 1933", 22701439,Myrmotherula klagesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,klagesi,,,,,"Todd, 1927", 103872287,Pterorhinus mitratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,mitratus,,,,,"(Müller, 1835)","

Previously treated as Garrulax mitratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Until recently treated as conspecific with G. treacheri as G. mitratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Two subspecies recognized.

" 22735464,Cnipodectes superrufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Cnipodectes,superrufus,,,,,"Lane, Servat, Valqui & Lambert, 2007", 22717663,Anthreptes rubritorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,rubritorques,,,,,"Reichenow, 1905", 22717443,Promerops gurneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PROMEROPIDAE,Promerops,gurneyi,,,,,"Verreaux, 1871", 22680945,Geocolaptes olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Geocolaptes,olivaceus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22686374,Amazona vinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,vinacea,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22686288,Amazona rhodocorytha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,rhodocorytha,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1890)", 55449,Dryophytes cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,cinereus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55662,Dryophytes squirellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,squirellus,,,,,"(Bosc, 1800)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55893,Pseudacris feriarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,feriarum,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)","Using mtDNA samples from a large number of localities throughout North America, Lemmon et al. (2007) elucidated the phylogenetic relationships and established the geographic ranges of the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). They redefined the ranges of several taxa, including P. maculata, P. triseriata, and P. feriarum; found strong evidence for recognizing P. kalmi as a distinct species; and discovered a previously undetected species in the south-central United States (now known as P. fouquettei; Lemmon et al. 2008)." 58611,Lithobates grylio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,grylio,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1901)", 58706,Glandirana rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Glandirana,rugosa,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)","We consider Glandirana emeljanovi to be distinct from G. rugosa. The animals from the Korean Peninsula were shown to be distinct from populations in Japan using molecular phylogenetics. Together with animals from China, those from the Korean Peninsula are considered to belong to G. emelijanovi (M. Matsui pers. comm. September 2020).
Part of the populations on Sado island in Japan have been described as a new species Glandirana susurra (Sekiya et al 2012)." 59329,Plethodon albagula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,albagula,,,,,"Grobman, 1944",This species is part of the Plethodon glutinosus complex. It is not universally accepted as a valid species (Petranka 1998). 59346,Plethodon kisatchie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,kisatchie,,,,,"Highton, 1989",This species is part of the Plethodon glutinosus complex. It is not universally accepted as a valid species (Petranka 1998). 135819,Pseudacris fouquettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,fouquettei,,,,,"Lemmon, Lemmon, Collins & Cannatella, 2008","Using mtDNA samples from a large number of localities throughout North America, Lemmon et al. (2007) elucidated the phylogenetic relationships and established the geographic ranges of the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). They redefined the ranges of several taxa, including P. maculata, P. triseriata, and P. feriarum; found strong evidence for recognizing P. kalmi as a distinct species; and discovered a previously undetected species in the south-central United States (now described as P. fouquettei; Lemmon et al. 2008)." 136023,Taricha sierrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Taricha,sierrae,,,,,"(Twitty, 1942)","Taricha sierrae was formerly recognized as a subspecies of Taricha torosa.

Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA data (Tan and Wake 1995) revealed the following clusters in T. torosa: (1) northern Sierra Nevada (Shasta to Nevada counties); (2) central Sierra Nevada (El Dorado to Fresno counties); (3) southern Sierra Nevada (Tulare to Kern counties) (independently derived relative to 1 and 2, above); (4) southern coastal California (San Diego and Orange counties); (5) central coastal California (Los Angeles to central and northern California). This study and additional allozyme data (Kuchta and Tan 2006) provided the basis for a phylogeographical history of T. torosa. Among other things, the data are consistent in indicating that populations in the southern Sierra Nevada are more closely related to T. torosa torosa than to T. t. sierrae.

In the interests of taxonomic stability, Kuchta and Tan (2006) refrained from advocating changes in the taxonomic status of Taricha torosa torosa and Taricha torosa sierrae, pending completion and publication of ongoing studies.

Kuchta (2007) examined genetic and morphological variation in Taricha torosa and concluded that T. torosa and T. sierrae are distinct evolutionary lineages that should be recognized as distinct species." 136134,Pseudacris kalmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,kalmi,,,,,"Harper, 1955","Using mtDNA samples from a large number of localities throughout North America, Lemmon et al. (2007) elucidated the phylogenetic relationships and established the geographic ranges of the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). They redefined the ranges of several taxa, including P. maculata, P. triseriata, and P. feriarum, and found strong evidence for recognizing P. kalmi as a distinct species." 22691900,Otis tarda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Otis,tarda,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 40695,Gymnocharacinus bergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gymnocharacinus,bergii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1903", 158519,Allolestes maclachlanii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Allolestes,maclachlanii,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 119049431,Gynacantha stylata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,stylata,,,,,"Martin, 1896", 119049472,Orthetrum malgassicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,malgassicum,,,,,"Pinhey, 1969", 119049482,Trithemis maia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,maia,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 22713638,Schistolais leontica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Schistolais,leontica,,,,,"(Bates, 1930)",

Schistolais leontica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Prinia leontica.

22710485,Aplonis santovestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,santovestris,,,,,"Harrisson & Marshall, 1937", 22700900,Xipholena atropurpurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Xipholena,atropurpurea,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22709834,Cossypha dichroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,dichroa,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 119090903,Phoenicagrion karaja,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phoenicagrion,karaja,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 22688686,Otus capnodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,capnodes,,,,,"(Gurney, 1889)", 119091402,Telebasis abuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,abuna,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1995", 119091506,Telebasis coccinea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,coccinea,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 22716864,Curruca buryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,buryi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly also placed in genus Parisoma within family Timaliidae, but morphology, behaviour, vocalizations and mtDNA indicate that it belongs in present genus. Monotypic." 103814223,Certhidea olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Certhidea,olivacea,,,,,"Gould, 1837","

Certhidea olivacea and C. fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. olivacea following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22681095,Dendropicos dorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendropicos,dorae,,,,,"(Bates & Kinnear, 1935)",Dendropicos dorae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 116989038,Neotoma insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,insularis,,,,,"Townsend, 1912", 22735491,Hypocnemis ochrogyna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,ochrogyna,,,,,"Zimmer, 1932", 22720823,Paroreomyza flammea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Paroreomyza,flammea,,,,,"(Wilson, 1889)", 22723149,Rowettia goughensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Rowettia,goughensis,,,,,"(Clarke, 1904)", 22724382,Troglodytes cobbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,cobbi,,,,,"Chubb, 1909", 14825,Niviventer rapit,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Niviventer,rapit,,,,,"(Bonhote, 1903)", 13373,Micromys minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Micromys,minutus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)", 22726086,Lybius leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Lybius,leucogaster,,,,,"(Bocage, 1877)","

Lybius leucocephalus, L. senex and L. leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. leucocephalus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 58214,Amolops kaulbacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,kaulbacki,,,,,"(Smith, 1940)","This species is very similar to Amolops viridimaculatus, an endemic of adjacent Yunnan Province, China." 45353580,Apteryx mantelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,APTERYGIDAE,Apteryx,mantelli,,,,,"Bartlett, 1851","Apteryx australis, A. mantelli and A. rowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously treated as A. australis and A. mantelli (incorporating rowi) following Baker et al. (1995); prior to that all three taxa were lumped as A. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22724444,Pomarea pomarea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,pomarea,,,,,"(Garnot, 1828)", 22734314,Pomarea iphis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,iphis,,,,,"Murphy & Mathews, 1928", 119195196,Phyllastrephus icterinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,icterinus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","Phyllastrephus icterinus (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) was previously split as P. icterinus and P. leucolepis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), but P. leucolepis is now considered a junior synonym of P. icterinus. This follows analysis by Collinson et al. (2017) who showed that leucolepis falls within the range of intraspecific genetic variation observed in icterinus and most likely represents a plumage variant of it.

Phyllastrephus icterinus (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) and P. lorenzi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. icterinus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Fishpool (2005)." 119194033,Amazilia cyanifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,cyanifrons,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)","Amazilia cyanifrons and A. alfaroana (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) were previously lumped as A. cyanifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), but A. alfaroana is now recognised as a good species following Kirwan and Collar (2016), who examined the sole specimen and found species-level differences from cyanifrons and no evidence of characters suggesting that it is a hybrid, with the conclusion that - subject to any future molecular analysis - it is best treated as a separate species." 22732670,Poicephalus fuscicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,fuscicollis,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","

Poicephalus robustus and P. fuscicollis (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) were previously lumped as P. robustus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), but have been split following work by Collar and Fishpool (2017) who showed that the form robustus reached species rank under the Tobias criteria on morphological scoring alone, with the difference augmented by voice (7+3 = 10). The newly-defined P. robustus is monotypic, while P. fuscicollis is polytypic, including the races fuscicollis and suahelicus.

" 135831,Odorrana aureola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,aureola,,,,,"Stuart, Chuaynkern, Chan-ard & Inger, 2006", 62239833,Chenonetta finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Chenonetta,finschi,,,,,"(Van Beneden, 1875)",Chenonetta finschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) is recognised following evidence presented in Holdaway et al. (2002). 62254534,Columba thiriouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,thiriouxi,,,,,"Hume, 2011",Columba thiriouxi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly described from subfossil records by Hume (2011). 62257034,Nesoenas cicur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Nesoenas,cicur,,,,,"Hume, 2011",Nesoenas cicur (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly described from subfossil records by Hume (2011). 22728722,Nesoenas rodericanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Nesoenas,rodericanus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1874)",Nesoenas rodericanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Alectroenas. 62759683,Alectroenas payandeei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alectroenas,payandeei,,,,,"Hume, 2011",Alectroenas payandeei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was described from subfossil remains by Hume (2011). 62258591,Dryolimnas augusti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Dryolimnas,augusti,,,,,"Mourer-Chauviré, Bour, Ribes & Moutou, 1999",Dryolimnas augusti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was described from fossils by Mourer-Chauviré et al. (1999). 62263064,Porphyrio paepae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,paepae,,,,,"Steadman, 1988",Porphyrio paepae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was described by Steadman (1988) from bones found at two archaeological sites. 62274163,Tribonyx hodgenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Tribonyx,hodgenorum,,,,,"(Olson, 1986)",Tribonyx hodgenorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was shown by Cassels et al. (1988) to have persisted into the 17th century. 62286255,Nyctanassa carcinocatactes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Nyctanassa,carcinocatactes,,,,,"Olson & Wingate, 2006",Nyctanassa carcinocatactes (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly-described from fossil remains by Olson and Wingate (2006). 62289108,Prosobonia cancellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Prosobonia,cancellata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Prosobonia cancellata and P. parvirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cancellata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62307504,Eclectus infectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eclectus,infectus,,,,,"Steadman, 2006",Eclectus infectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly-described from subfossil remains by Steadman (2006). 103657630,Herpsilochmus praedictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,praedictus,,,,,"Cohn-Haft & Bravo, 2013",

Herpsilochmus praedictus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized following evidence presented in Cohn-Haft and Bravo (2013).

22736340,Scytalopus petrophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,petrophilus,,,,,"Whitney, Vasconcelos, Silveira & Pacheco, 2010",

Scytalopus petrophilus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Whitney et al. (2010).

103661238,Scytalopus gonzagai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,gonzagai,,,,,"Nachtigall Maurício et al., 2014",

Scytalopus gonzagi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Maurício et al. (2014).

103670702,Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,fatimalimae,,,,,"Rodrigues, Aleixo, Whittaker & Naka, 2013",

Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Rodrigues et al. (2013).

 

103677030,Tityra leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Tityra,leucura,,,,,"von Pelzeln, 1868",Tityra leucura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Pelzeln (1868) and a field sighting in 2006 (Whittaker [2008]). 103682916,Pyrocephalus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pyrocephalus,dubius,,,,,"Gould & Gray, 1839","Pyrocephalus rubinus, P. nanus and P. dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. rubinus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103728087,Cyanocorax hafferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,hafferi,,,,,"Cohn-Haft, Santos, Fernandes & Ribas, 2013",

Cyanocorax hafferi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Cohn-Haft et al. (2013).

 

103818207,Sporophila beltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,beltoni,,,,,"Repenning & Fontana, 2013",

Sporophila beltoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was newly described by Repenning and Fontana (2013).

103845991,Phylloscopus calciatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,calciatilis,,,,,"(Alström et al., 2009)",

Phylloscopus calciatilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Alström et al. (2009).

22734867,Aplonis ulietensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,ulietensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",

Aplonis ulietensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognised as a species following the work of Hume and Walters (2012).

22718270,Passer montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,montanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 119241824,Hynobius unisacculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,unisacculus,,,,,"Min, Baek, Song, Chang & Poyarkov, 2016",This species was previously confused with Hynobius leechii and H. quelpaertensis and finally described by Min et al. (2016). 119243256,Amolops albispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,albispinus,,,,,"Sung, Hu, Wang, Liu & Wang, 2016", 119243342,Amolops nyingchiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,nyingchiensis,,,,,"Jiang, Wang, Xie, Jiang & Che, 2016", 22684831,Nestor notabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,STRIGOPIDAE,Nestor,notabilis,,,,,"Gould, 1856", 119243805,Leptobrachium tengchongense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,tengchongense,,,,,"Yang, Wang & Chan, 2016", 119243838,Thorius longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,longicaudus,,,,,"Parra-Olea, Rovito, García-París, Maisano, Wake & Hanken, 2016", 119243850,Thorius pinicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,pinicola,,,,,"Parra-Olea, Rovito, García-París, Maisano, Wake & Hanken, 2016", 119243882,Thorius tlaxiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,tlaxiacus,,,,,"Parra-Olea, Rovito, García-París, Maisano, Wake & Hanken, 2016", 119243975,Bolitoglossa aurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,aurae,,,,,"Kubicki & Arias, 2016", 103889855,Henicorhina anachoreta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Henicorhina,anachoreta,,,,,"Bangs, 1899","

Henicorhina leucophrys and H. anachoreta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. leucophrys following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22708091,Heteralocha acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALLAEIDAE,Heteralocha,acutirostris,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22728712,Nesoenas duboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Nesoenas,duboisi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1907)","Nesoenas duboisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Columba.

There were probably two other native pigeons on the island-a slaty, blue-winged Alectroenas, and unidentified ramiers. All three apparently became extinct in the early 1700s (Cheke 1987). Adler (1994) confused the situation by applying the name duboisi to the (undescribed) Alectroenas. Archeological work is needed to clarify the situation.

" 22733394,Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Diaphorapteryx,hawkinsi,,,,,"(Forbes, 1892)", 22686806,Apus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,unicolor,,,,,"(Jardine, 1830)", 22710767,Lamprotornis superbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,superbus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1845", 22712634,Pycnonotus jocosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,jocosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22725846,Halcyon smyrnensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,smyrnensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Halcyon smyrnensis and H. gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. smyrnensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22693399,Calidris fuscicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,fuscicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22736052,Riparia diluta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Riparia,diluta,,,,,"(Sharpe & Wyatt, 1893)","

Riparia riparia and R. diluta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. riparia following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22734119,Ficedula albicilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,albicilla,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 103845399,Phylloscopus trochiloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,trochiloides,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1837)","

Phylloscopus trochiloides, P. nitidus and P. plumbeitarsus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. trochiloides (see AERC TAC [2003]; Cramp et al. [1977–1994]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]).

 

" 103892088,Turdus naumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,naumanni,,,,,"Temminck, 1820","

Turdus naumanni and T. eunomus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. naumanni following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22702426,Cranioleuca hellmayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,hellmayri,,,,,"(Bangs, 1907)", 3897,Caretta caretta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELONIIDAE,Caretta,caretta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720966,Emberiza aureola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,aureola,,,,,"Pallas, 1773", 22735022,Sheppardia aurantiithorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,aurantiithorax,,,,,"Beresford, Fjeldså & Kiwe, 2004", 22697568,Platalea minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Platalea,minor,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1849", 47805694,Acomys spinosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Acomys,spinosissimus,,,,,"Peters, 1852","Verheyen et al. (2011) revised the Acomys spinosissimus complex and noted that that Acomys spinosissimus appears to be restricted between the Zambesi and Limpopo Rivers, while the reinstated A. selousi (which includes A. transvaalensis) occurs further to the South (i.e. northern limit seemingly just north of the Limpopo River). Populations north of the Zambezi River are morphologically and genetically distinct from A. spinosissimus and A. selousi, and based on this evidence, Verheyen et al. (2011) described A. muzei sp. nov. and A. ngurui sp. nov., each one occurring separately along one side of the Eastern Arc Mountains. Information was lacking for Verheyen et al. to describe a third new species from the area north of the Zambesi River (Verheyen et al. 2011)." 22694447,Larus relictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,relictus,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1931", 22679814,Oxyura leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Oxyura,leucocephala,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)", 22687402,Thalurania watertonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Thalurania,watertonii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22679497,Bonasa sewerzowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Bonasa,sewerzowi,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1876)", 22728791,Threskiornis solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Threskiornis,solitarius,,,,,"(Sélys-Longchamps, 1848)", 22689439,Ninox ochracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,ochracea,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1865)", 22728866,Mascarenotus grucheti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Mascarenotus,grucheti,,,,,"Mourer-Chauviré, Bour, Moutou & Ribes, 1994", 22725062,Otus nigrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,nigrorum,,,,,"Rand, 1950","

Otus megalotis, O. everetti and O. nigrorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. megalotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22726965,Ceyx nigrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,nigrirostris,,,,,"Bourns & Worcester, 1894","

Ceyx cyanopectus and C. nigrirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Alcedo and lumped as A. cyanopectus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), the gender agreement of which followed David and Gosselin (2002a).

" 22700705,Laniisoma elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Laniisoma,elegans,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1823)","Laniisoma elegans and L. buckleyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. elegans following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22706369,Oriolus xanthonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,xanthonotus,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 103727136,Pica asirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Pica,asirensis,,,,,"Bates, 1936","

Pica pica, P. mauritanica, P. asirensis and P. hudsonia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. pica following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Christidis and Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103878509,Leiothrix laurinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Leiothrix,laurinae,,,,,"Salvadori, 1879","Leiothrix argentauris and L. laurinae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. argentauris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 119419780,Campachipteria weigmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,ACHIPTERIIDAE,Campachipteria,weigmanni,,,,,"(Pérez-Íñigo, 1987)", 119419812,Parachipetria floresiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,ACHIPTERIIDAE,Parachipetria,floresiana,,,,,"(Pérez-íñigo, 1992)", 119419852,Parachipetria insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,ACHIPTERIIDAE,Parachipetria,insularis,,,,,"(Pérez-Iñigo, 1992)", 119420013,Heminothrus oromii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,CAMISIIDAE,Heminothrus,oromii,,,,,"Morell & Subías, 1991", 119420152,Carabodes azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,CARABODIDAE,Carabodes,azoricus,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo & Pérez-Íñigo Jr., 1996", 119430836,Ommatocepheus parvilamellatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,CEPHEIDAE,Ommatocepheus,parvilamellatus,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo & Pérez-Íñigo Jr., 1996", 119432541,Pilocepheus azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,CEPHEIDAE,Pilocepheus,azoricus,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1992", 119433087,Melanozetes azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,CERATOZETIDAE,Melanozetes,azoricus,,,,,"Wegmann, 1976", 119433471,Damaeus pomboi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,DAMAEIDAE,Damaeus,pomboi,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1987", 119433819,Euphthiracarus excultus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,EUPHTHIRACARIDAE,Euphthiracarus,excultus,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1987", 119434186,Galumna azoreana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,GALUMNIDAE,Galumna,azoreana,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1992", 119434316,Hermanniella incondita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,HERMANNIELLIDAE,Hermanniella,incondita,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1987", 119434786,Hermannia evidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,HERMANNIIDAE,Hermannia,evidens,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1992", 119441092,Hermannia woasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,HERMANNIIDAE,Hermannia,woasi,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1992", 119441163,Humerobates pomboi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,HUMEROBATIDAE,Humerobates,pomboi,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo, 1992", 119441225,Liacarus angustatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,LIACARIDAE,Liacarus,angustatus,,,,,"(Weigmann, 1976)", 119441267,Peloptulus borgesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,PHENOPELOPIDAE,Peloptulus,borgesi,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo & Pérez-Íñigo Jr., 1996", 119441282,Hoplophthiracarus maritimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,PHTHIRACARIDAE,Hoplophthiracarus,maritimus,,,,,"(Pérez-Íñigo & Pérez-Íñigo Jr., 1996)", 119441503,Phthiracarus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,PHTHIRACARIDAE,Phthiracarus,atlanticus,,,,,"(Pérez-Íñigo, 1987)", 119441515,Phthiracarus falciformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,PHTHIRACARIDAE,Phthiracarus,falciformis,,,,,"Morell & Subías, 1991", 119441524,Steganacarus insulanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,PHTHIRACARIDAE,Steganacarus,insulanus,,,,,"Pérez-Íñigo & Pérez-Íñigo, 1996", 119441548,Mycobates tridentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ORIBATIDA,PUNCTORIBATIDAE,Mycobates,tridentatus,,,,,Weigmann 1976, 103794964,Agelaioides badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelaioides,badius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)","

Agelaioides badius and A. fringillarius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. badius following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103795103,Agelaioides fringillarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelaioides,fringillarius,,,,,"(von Spix, 1824)","

Agelaioides badius and A. fringillarius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. badius following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103845698,Anisognathus flavinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Anisognathus,flavinucha,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 103845767,Anisognathus igniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Anisognathus,igniventris,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Anisognathus igniventris and A. lunulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. igniventris following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103845827,Anisognathus lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Anisognathus,lunulatus,,,,,"du Bus, 1839","

Anisognathus igniventris and A. lunulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. igniventris following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722624,Anisognathus melanogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Anisognathus,melanogenys,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1880)", 103845565,Anisognathus somptuosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Anisognathus,somptuosus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","

Anisognathus somptuosus and A. flavinucha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. somptuosus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103801609,Basileuterus auricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,auricapilla,,,,,"Swainson, 1838","

Basileuterus culicivorus, B. cabanisi and B. auricapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. culicivorus, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 105296143,Myiothlypis euophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,euophrys,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)","

Myiothlypis luteoviridis, M. striaticeps and M. euophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and lumped as B. luteoviridis, following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 105296047,Myiothlypis luteoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,luteoviridis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1845)","

Myiothlypis luteoviridis, M. striaticeps and M. euophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and lumped as B. luteoviridis, following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 105296089,Myiothlypis striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,striaticeps,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)","

Myiothlypis luteoviridis, M. striaticeps and M. euophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and lumped as B. luteoviridis, following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103866633,Brachypteryx erythrogyna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,erythrogyna,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22731290,Cacicus chrysonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,chrysonotus,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838","

Cacicus chrysonotus and C. leucoramphus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. chrysonotus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22724049,Cacicus leucoramphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,leucoramphus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1844)","

Cacicus chrysonotus and C. leucoramphus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. chrysonotus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103792619,Cacicus microrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,microrhynchus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1864)","

Cacicus uropygialis, C. pacificus and C. microrhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. uropygialis, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103792633,Cacicus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,pacificus,,,,,"Chapman, 1915","

Cacicus uropygialis, C. pacificus and C. microrhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. uropygialis, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103815085,Certhidea fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Certhidea,fusca,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1870","

Certhidea olivacea and C. fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. olivacea following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22723036,Charitospiza eucosma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Charitospiza,eucosma,,,,,"Oberholser, 1905", 103845906,Chlorochrysa calliparaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chlorochrysa,calliparaea,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Chlorochrysa calliparaea and C. fulgentissima (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. calliparaea following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103845936,Chlorochrysa fulgentissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chlorochrysa,fulgentissima,,,,,"Chapman, 1901","

Chlorochrysa calliparaea and C. fulgentissima (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. calliparaea following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103819218,Cnemoscopus chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cnemoscopus,chrysogaster,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1875","

Cnemoscopus rubrirostris and C. chrysogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rubrirostris following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103819177,Cnemoscopus rubrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cnemoscopus,rubrirostris,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)","

Cnemoscopus rubrirostris and C. chrysogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rubrirostris following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103834574,Conirostrum cinereum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,cinereum,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838","

Conirostrum cinereum and  C. fraseri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinereum following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103834605,Conirostrum fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,fraseri,,,,,"Sclater, 1859","

Conirostrum cinereum and  C. fraseri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinereum following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103810895,Cyanoloxia cyanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cyanoloxia,cyanoides,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1847)","

Cyanoloxia cyanoides and C. rothschildii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Cyanocompsa as Cyanocompsa cyanoides following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103810991,Cyanoloxia rothschildii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cyanoloxia,rothschildii,,,,,"(Bartlett, 1890)","

Cyanoloxia cyanoides and C. rothschildii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Cyanocompsa as Cyanocompsa cyanoides following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22722976,Dacnis albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,albiventris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1852)", 103812255,Dacnis egregia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,egregia,,,,,"Sclater, 1855","

Dacnis lineata and D. egregia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. lineata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22722969,Dacnis hartlaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,hartlaubi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)", 103812237,Dacnis lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,lineata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Dacnis lineata and D. egregia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. lineata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103843258,Dubusia carrikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dubusia,carrikeri,,,,,"Wetmore, 1946","

Dubusia taeniata, D. carrikeri and D. stictocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. taeniata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103843315,Dubusia stictocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dubusia,stictocephala,,,,,"von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894","

Dubusia taeniata, D. carrikeri and D. stictocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. taeniata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103843076,Dubusia taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dubusia,taeniata,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","

Dubusia taeniata, D. carrikeri and D. stictocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. taeniata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103815127,Geospiza difficilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,difficilis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888","

Geospiza difficilis, G. acutirostris and G. septentrionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. difficilis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103795554,Geothlypis aequinoctialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,aequinoctialis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Geothlypis aequinoctialis, G. auricularis and G. chiriquensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were lumped as G. aequinoctialis, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103795612,Geothlypis auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,auricularis,,,,,"Salvin, 1883","

Geothlypis aequinoctialis, G. auricularis and G. chiriquensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were lumped as G. aequinoctialis, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103804365,Granatellus paraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Granatellus,paraensis,,,,,"Rothschild, 1906","

Granatellus pelzelni and G. paraensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. pelzelni following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103804346,Granatellus pelzelni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Granatellus,pelzelni,,,,,"Sclater, 1865","

Granatellus pelzelni and G. paraensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. pelzelni following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103811314,Habia carmioli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,carmioli,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1868)","

Habia carmioli and H. frenata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Chlorothraupis as C. carmioli following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103811345,Habia frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,frenata,,,,,"von Berlepsch, 1907","

Habia carmioli and H. frenata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Chlorothraupis as C. carmioli following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724147,Icterus oberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,oberi,,,,,"Lawrence, 1880", 22723204,Incaspiza laeta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Incaspiza,laeta,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)", 22723193,Incaspiza personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Incaspiza,personata,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)", 103823004,Kleinothraupis atropileus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Kleinothraupis,atropileus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1842)","

Kleinothraupis atropileus and K. auricularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Hemispingus as H. atropileus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103823065,Kleinothraupis auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Kleinothraupis,auricularis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1873","

Kleinothraupis atropileus and K. auricularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Hemispingus as H. atropileus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103827182,Microspingus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Todd, 1922)","

Microspingus torquatus and M. pectoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Poospiza as P. torquata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103827064,Microspingus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,torquatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Microspingus torquatus and M. pectoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Poospiza as P. torquata following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22732035,Molothrus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Molothrus,aeneus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)","

Molothrus aeneus and M. armenti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. aeneus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103799746,Myiothlypis bivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,bivittata,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Myiothlypis bivittata and M. roraimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and lumped as B. bivittatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103800433,Myiothlypis chlorophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,chlorophrys,,,,,"(von Berlepsch, 1907)","

Myiothlypis chrysogaster and M. chlorophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and lumped as B. chrysogaster following  SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103799796,Myiothlypis chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,chrysogaster,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Myiothlypis chrysogaster and M. chlorophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and lumped as B. chrysogaster following  SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103799622,Myiothlypis mesoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,mesoleuca,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)","

Myiothlypis rivularis and M. mesoleuca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Phaeothlypis and lumped as P. rivularis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103799599,Myiothlypis rivularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,rivularis,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)","

Myiothlypis rivularis and M. mesoleuca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Phaeothlypis and lumped as P. rivularis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103799761,Myiothlypis roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,roraimae,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1885)","

Myiothlypis bivittata and M. roraimae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and lumped as B. bivittatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723033,Nephelornis oneilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Nephelornis,oneilli,,,,,"Lowery & Tallman, 1976", 22721597,Paroaria baeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Paroaria,baeri,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1907", 103841965,Pipraeidea bonariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pipraeidea,bonariensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Pipraeidea bonariensis and P. darwinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Thraupis as T. bonariensis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103842025,Pipraeidea darwinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pipraeidea,darwinii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)","

Pipraeidea bonariensis and P. darwinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Thraupis as T. bonariensis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103811599,Piranga flava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,flava,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1822)","

Piranga hepatica and P. flava (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. hepatica following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723252,Poospiza nigrorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,nigrorufa,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)",

Poospiza nigrorufa and P. whitii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

22723264,Poospiza rubecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,rubecula,,,,,"Salvin, 1895", 22723247,Poospiza whitii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,whitii,,,,,"Sclater, 1883",

Poospiza nigrorufa and P. whitii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

103780801,Psarocolius bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,bifasciatus,,,,,"(von Spix, 1824)","

Psarocolius bifasciatus and P. yuracares (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. bifasciatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103780778,Psarocolius oleagineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,oleagineus,,,,,"Sclater, 1883","

Psarocolius angustifrons and P. oleagineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. angustifrons following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103780806,Psarocolius yuracares,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,yuracares,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838","

Psarocolius bifasciatus and P. yuracares (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. bifasciatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103816602,Ramphocelus flammigerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,flammigerus,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1833)","

Ramphocelus flammigerus and R. icteronotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. flammigerus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103812647,Saltator coerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,coerulescens,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817","Saltator coerulescens, S. olivascens and S. grandis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. coerulescens following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996)." 103798482,Setophaga auduboni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,auduboni,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)","

Setophaga coronata and S. auduboni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Dendroica and lumped as D. coronata following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103798425,Setophaga coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,coronata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Setophaga coronata and S. auduboni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Dendroica and lumped as D. coronata following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103838548,Sicalis mendozae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,mendozae,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888","

Sicalis olivascens and  S. mendozae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. olivascens following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103838515,Sicalis olivascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,olivascens,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Sicalis olivascens and  S. mendozae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. olivascens following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103823252,Sphenopsis melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sphenopsis,melanotis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)","

Sphenopsis melanotis, S. ochracea and S. piurae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Hemispingus as H. melanotis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103823396,Sphenopsis ochracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sphenopsis,ochracea,,,,,"(von Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","

Sphenopsis melanotis, S. ochracea and S. piurae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Hemispingus as H. melanotis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103823410,Sphenopsis piurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sphenopsis,piurae,,,,,"(Chapman, 1923)","

Sphenopsis melanotis, S. ochracea and S. piurae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Hemispingus as H. melanotis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103817972,Sporophila bouvreuil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,bouvreuil,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Sporophila bouvreuil and S. pileata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. bouvreuil following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103818544,Sporophila iberaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,iberaensis,,,,,"Di Giacomo & Kopuchian, 2016","

Sporophila iberaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was described by Di Giacomo and Kopuchian (2016), and separately as S. digiacomoi by López-Lanús (2015).

" 22724947,Sporophila pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,pileata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)","

Sporophila bouvreuil and S. pileata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. bouvreuil following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103878446,Streptocitta albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Streptocitta,albicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Streptocitta albicollis and S. torquata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. albicollis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103878479,Streptocitta torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Streptocitta,torquata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)","

Streptocitta albicollis and S. torquata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. albicollis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103849276,Tangara arthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,arthus,,,,,"Lesson, 1832","

Tangara arthus and T. aurulenta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. arthus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103849103,Tangara atrocoerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,atrocoerulea,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844","

Tangara vassorii and T. atrocoerulea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. vassorii following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103849300,Tangara aurulenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,aurulenta,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843","

Tangara arthus and T. aurulenta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. arthus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103849764,Tangara brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,brasiliensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766","

Tangara mexicana and T. brasiliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. mexicana following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22729337,Tangara cyanomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cyanomelas,,,,,"Wied, 1830","

Tangara velia and T. cyanomelas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. velia following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103848879,Tangara flava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,flava,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Tangara cayana and T. flava (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cayana following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103846035,Tangara fulvicervix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,fulvicervix,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1876","

Tangara ruficervix and T. fulvicervix (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ruficervix following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22709172,Vauriella gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Vauriella,gularis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)",

Vauriella gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias gularis.

22722537,Tangara cyanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cyanoptera,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 103886977,Troglodytes beani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,beani,,,,,"Ridgway, 1885",

Troglodytes aedon and T. beani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. aedon following Woods (1993).

157159,Monacha syriaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monacha,syriaca,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1831)", 193420,Hemicycla eurythyra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,eurythyra,,,,,"(O. Boettger, 1908)", 156395,Brephulopsis subulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Brephulopsis,subulata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","Traditionally, this species is placed within Ramusculus (e.g. Schileyko 1998, Balashov 2016a), and morphologically the species is not correctly placed in Brephulopsis (table by R. Bank in Gümüş and Neubert 2012), however, we currently follow MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017) in placing the species within the genus Brephulopsis until genetic confirmation is obtained." 156549,Peristoma rupestre,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Peristoma,rupestre,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1833)", 103780078,Acrocephalus luscinius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,luscinius,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)","

Acrocephalus luscinius, A. hiwae, A. yamashinae, A. astrolabii and A. nijoi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. luscinius following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103780109,Acrocephalus nijoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,nijoi,,,,,"(Yamashina, 1940)","

Acrocephalus luscinius, A. hiwae, A. yamashinae, A. astrolabii and A. nijoi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. luscinius following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103780103,Acrocephalus yamashinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,yamashinae,,,,,"(Taka-Tsukasa, 1931)","

Acrocephalus luscinius, A. hiwae, A. yamashinae, A. astrolabii and A. nijoi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. luscinius following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103823212,Akialoa ellisiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Akialoa,ellisiana,,,,,(Gray 1860),"

Akialoa ellisiana, A. stejnegeri and A. lanaiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and lumped as H. ellisianus following AOU (1998 and supplements).

" 103823431,Akialoa lanaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Akialoa,lanaiensis,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)","

Akialoa ellisiana, A. stejnegeri and A. lanaiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and lumped as H. ellisianus following AOU (1998 and supplements).

 

" 22728910,Akialoa obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Akialoa,obscura,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Akialoa obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and listed as H. obscurus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Brooks (2000).

103823250,Akialoa stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Akialoa,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Wilson, 1889)","

Akialoa ellisiana, A. stejnegeri and A. lanaiensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Hemignathus and lumped as H. ellisianus following AOU (1998 and supplements).

" 103730482,Callaeas wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALLAEIDAE,Callaeas,wilsoni,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Callaeas cinereus and C. wilsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinereus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

" 103811601,Foudia delloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,delloni,,,,,"Cheke & Hume, 2008",

Foudia delloni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was described by Cheke and Hume (2008).

 

103829706,Himatione fraithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Himatione,fraithii,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1892)","

Himatione sanguinea and H. fraithii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. sanguinea following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22736352,Paroaria gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Paroaria,gularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 105294259,Pheugopedius paucimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,paucimaculatus,,,,,(Sharpe 1882),"

Pheugopedius sclateri, P. columbianus and P. paucimaculatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Thryothorus sclateri following SACC (2005).

 

" 105294254,Pheugopedius sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,sclateri,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1879)","

Pheugopedius sclateri, P. columbianus and P. paucimaculatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Thryothorus sclateri following SACC (2005).

" 103682926,Pyrocephalus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pyrocephalus,nanus,,,,,"Gould, 1838","Pyrocephalus rubinus, P. nanus and P. dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. rubinus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103848169,Tangara argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,argentea,,,,,"(Swainson, 1834)","

Tangara argentea and T. whiteleyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and listed as T. cyanoptera following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103848963,Tangara cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cucullata,,,,,"(Swainson, 1834)","

Tangara cucullata and T. versicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cucullata following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103849238,Tangara lunigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,lunigera,,,,,"Sclater, 1851","

Tangara parzudakii and T. lunigera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. parzudakii following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103849376,Tangara mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,mexicana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Tangara mexicana and T. brasiliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. mexicana following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103849231,Tangara parzudakii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,parzudakii,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)","

Tangara parzudakii and T. lunigera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. parzudakii following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103846006,Tangara ruficervix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,ruficervix,,,,,"(Prévost & Des Murs, 1846)","

Tangara ruficervix and T. fulvicervix (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ruficervix following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103849068,Tangara vassorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,vassorii,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","

Tangara vassorii and T. atrocoerulea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. vassorii following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722953,Tangara velia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,velia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Tangara velia and T. cyanomelas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. velia following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103848974,Tangara versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,versicolor,,,,,"Lawrence, 1878","

Tangara cucullata and T. versicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cucullata following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722266,Thlypopsis inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,inornata,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1879)", 22722260,Thlypopsis pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Thlypopsis,pectoralis,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1884)", 103839796,Xenodacnis parina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Xenodacnis,parina,,,,,"Cabanis, 1873","

Xenodacnis parina and X. petersi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. parina following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103840020,Xenodacnis petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Xenodacnis,petersi,,,,,"Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","

Xenodacnis parina and X. petersi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. parina following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22708496,Zoothera major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,major,,,,,"(Ogawa, 1905)","

Zoothera dauma (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) and Z. imbricata (Collar [2004]) have been lumped together into Z. dauma and subsequently split into Z. dauma, Z. major and Z. aurea following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103889951,Zosterops semiflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,semiflavus,,,,,"Newton, 1867","Zosterops maderaspatanus , Z. kirki and Z. semiflavus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. maderaspatanus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 2594,Baronia brevicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Baronia,brevicornis,,,,,Salvin 1893,"This relict species is known as probably the oldest extant butterfly linage, commonly referred to as a “Living Fossil” (Collins and Morris 1985), estimated to have evolved between 65 and 75 million years ago (Covarrubias-Camarillo et al. 2016). The subfamily Baroniinae contains only this species, and on the basis of morphology, it has been suggested to be the sister lineage to all other Papilionidae (Léon-Cortés et al. 2004). While the position of Baronia as the basal lineage within the Papilionidae family seemed assured (Munroe 1961, Hancock 1983), comprehensive morphological analysis of butterfly phylogeny by De Jong et al. (1996) has suggested that Parnassius might instead occupy this position. Baronia does, however, resemble one of the oldest known fossil butterflies, Praepapilio colorado, which occurred during the Eocene, some 48 million years ago (Durden and Rose 1978). The resemblance offers no evidence of its phylogenetic placement (Caterino et al. 2001), yet the phylogenetic position of this species has important implications for understanding butterfly evolution, such as whether the use of a leguminous host represents the ""original"" butterfly condition (Scott 1986).

Due to the geographical isolation between the main populations and the Chiapas population, it had been suggested that there are two subspecies: the nominal B. brevicornis (Vázquez and Pérez-Ruiz 1961) and B. brevicornis rufodiscalis within Chiapas, Mexcio (De la Maza et al. 1987, Machkour-M’Rabet et al. 2014)." 119090930,Phoenicagrion flavescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phoenicagrion,flavescens,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 119090934,Phoenicagrion ibseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phoenicagrion,ibseni,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 119091324,Phoenicagrion megalobos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phoenicagrion,megalobos,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 119626815,Castoraeschna colorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,colorata,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)", 119626898,Castoraeschna corbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,corbeti,,,,,"Carvalho, Pinto & Ferreira, 2009", 119627026,Rhionaeschna tinti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,tinti,,,,,"(von Ellenrieder, 2000)", 119627057,Rhionaeschna variegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,variegata,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 119627107,Amphipteryx chiapensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AMPHIPTERYGIDAE,Amphipteryx,chiapensis,,,,,"González-Soriano, 2010", 119627112,Amphipteryx jaroli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AMPHIPTERYGIDAE,Amphipteryx,jaroli,,,,,"Jocque & Argueta, 2014", 119627158,Amphipteryx meridionalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AMPHIPTERYGIDAE,Amphipteryx,meridionalis,,,,,"González-Soriano, 2010", 119631348,Bryoplathanon globifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Bryoplathanon,globifer,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)", 119631378,Hetaerina amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,amazonica,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 119636034,Hetaerina erythrokalamus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,erythrokalamus,,,,,"Garrison, 1990", 119636070,Hetaerina medinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,medinai,,,,,"Rácenis, 1968", 119636203,Hetaerina simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,simplex,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 119636310,Mnesarete fuscibasis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,fuscibasis,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 119636559,Mnesarete hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,hyalina,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)", 103716012,Terpsiphone incei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,incei,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)","

Terpsiphone paradisi, T. incei, T. affinis and T. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. paradisi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103716095,Terpsiphone affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,affinis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)","

Terpsiphone paradisi, T. incei, T. affinis and T. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. paradisi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103766143,Calandrella cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calandrella,cinerea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Calandrella cinerea, C. eremica and C. blanfordi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinerea following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103871400,Onychognathus morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,morio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Onychognathus morio and O. neumanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. morio following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103811726,Ploceus brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,brachypterus,,,,,"Swainson, 1837","

Ploceus nigricollis and P. brachypterus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. nigricollis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103811662,Ploceus nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,nigricollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1805)","

Ploceus nigricollis and P. brachypterus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. nigricollis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22734108,Turdus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,smithi,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Turdus olivaceus, T. abyssinicus, T. roehli and T. smithi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. olivaceus following Collar and Stuart (1985) and Collar et al. (1994).

" 103888967,Turdus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,olivaceus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766","

Turdus olivaceus, T. abyssinicus, T. roehli and T. smithi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. olivaceus following Collar and Stuart (1985) and Collar et al. (1994).

 

" 22736108,Turdus atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,atrogularis,,,,,"Jarocki, 1819","

Turdus ruficollis and T. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ruficollis following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 104006526,Hirundo javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,javanica,,,,,"Sparrman, 1789","

Hirundo tahitica and H. domicola (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped, and subsequently split into H. tahitica and H. javanica following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

 

" 103812620,Anaplectes leuconotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Anaplectes,leuconotos,,,,,"(Müller, 1851)","

Anaplectes rubriceps, A. leuconotos and A. jubaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. rubriceps following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103798817,Robsonius rabori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Robsonius,rabori,,,,,"(Rand, 1960)",

Robsonius rabori and R. thompsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. rabori following Collar (2006).

168091,Euthygomphus fujianensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Euthygomphus,fujianensis,,,,,"(Zhou & Wu, 1992)", 167175,Euthygomphus koxingai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Euthygomphus,koxingai,,,,,"(Chao, 1954)","Hong Kong and Guangdong specimens possess a pair of yellow lateral spots on the otherwise black labium and the superior appendages are slightly divaricate. Chao (1990) uses an all black labium as a keying character in his key to the Chinese Euthygomphus despite the fact that Asahina (1968) illustrated female E. koxingai from Taiwan with a pair of yellow lateral spots. All the male specimens Wilson and Xu (2009) examined from Hong Kong, Guangxi and Guangdong possessed slightly divaricate superior appendages whereas E. koxingai from Taiwan is figured with parallel superior appendages. According to Wilson and Xu (2009) it is most likely that Euthygomphuss fujianensis Zhou and Wu (1992) is a junior synonym.
." 190841,Euthygomphus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Euthygomphus,yunnanensis,,,,,"(Zhou & Wu, 1992)", 163588,Macrogomphus kerri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,kerri,,,,,"Fraser, 1932","

M. kerri is reported from the Peninsular Thailand while the Malaysian part of the Malay Peninsula is considered as occupied by a related species Microgomphus quadratus (Orr, 2005), differing in the shape of the antehumeral patches (Asahina, 1986). It is still to clarify if these species co-occur somewhere in the peninsula, or are geographically isolated, or there is a transitional zone which would indicate their subspecific status. 

" 190857,Heliogomphus chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,chaoi,,,,,"Karube, 2004","

The specimens from Gia Lai Province have certain differences in the abdominal pattern from those from the type locality in Lam Dong Province (both provinces in the southern Vietnam), the taxonomical value of which is unclear (Kompier, 2017).

" 119863483,Ischnura foylei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,foylei,,,,,"Kosterin, 2015","According to the molecular phylogenetic analysis by Sánchez-Guillén et al. (2018), Ischnura foylei forms a tight cluster together with two Neotropical species, Ischnura fluviatilis Selys, 1876 and I. ramburii (Selys in Sagra, 1857), and indeed, these species share some similarity in the abdominal colour pattern. Occurrence of a representative of a Neotropical lineage in the Indo-Malayan Biogeographical Realm, but only at one crater lake in Sumatra, is striking. It may be hypothesized that after the crater lake was formed and became suitable for Odonata it  was by chance colonised by an American damselfly arrived across the Pacific as aeroplancton." 119863493,Asiagomphus reinhardti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,reinhardti,,,,,"Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016","

The Cambodian and Laotian specimens differ in the extent of the yellow pattern (Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016), which may be environmental modification or reflect genetic differences, while the Vietnamese specimens are not yet characterised in detail. The main diagnostic character of this species is a conspicuous lobe between the male cerci (Kosterin & Yokoi, 2016) which hints to a considerable divergence from the rest of the genus. It may well happen that there exist a number of closely related species with such lobe than one unique species. Further research are needed to clarify this issue.

" 119863499,Burmagomphus asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,asahinai,,,,,"Kosterin, Makbun & Dawwrueng, 2012", 119863546,Euthygomphus schorri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Euthygomphus,schorri,,,,,"Kosterin, 2016", 119865287,Microgomphus alani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,alani,,,,,"Kosterin, 2016","

Conspecificity of the two only known specimens, the holotype and paratype, is not beyond doubt (Kosterin, 2016). 

" 119865299,Risiophlebia guentheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Risiophlebia,guentheri,,,,,"Kosterin, 2015","

Biogeographically, the record of R. dohrni (Krueger, 1902) (a Sondaic species) for Vietnam (Asahina 1969) must have been referred to this species but the specimen were not examined to prove this.

" 119865330,Onychargia priydak,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Onychargia,priydak,,,,,"Kosterin, 2015","

While males if this species are conspicuous and unmistakable females, as to the current state of knowledge, cannot be distinguished by external characters from its widespread congener Onychargia atrocyana Selys, 1865. Males from North Thailand were identified by photos and were not examined morphologically.

" 119865334,Prodasineura hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,hoffmanni,,,,,"Kosterin, 2015","

A blue-marked male specimen from North Vietnam identified as Prodasineura verticalis (Selys, 1860) (a red-marked species!) by Asahina (1997) could probably be this species but other options are possible. The same refers to a male specimen from the northern Laos depicted, as ‘Prodasineura sp.1’, by Yokoi & Souphanthong (2014)

" 89604632,Chaetophractus vellerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CINGULATA,CHLAMYPHORIDAE,Chaetophractus,vellerosus,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)","Recent studies of hairy armadillos using morphological and molecular analyses (Abba et al. 2015, Gibb et al. 2016) revealed that there are insufficient differences between Chaetophractus nationi and C. vellerosus to classify them as separate species. Hence, C. nationi is considered an invalid species and has been synonymized with C. vellerosus based on the taxonomic principle of priority.

Molecular analyses of mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) revealed a single C. nationi haplotype that appeared to be identical with a C. vellerosus haplotype. Identical sequences in C. vellerosus and C. nationi were also observed for three of the five non-coding nuclear markers investigated. Three-dimensional landmark coordinate analyses of skulls did not allow differentiating the two species; the subtle morphological differences in skull shape were related to a latitudinal and/or altitudinal gradient.

The specimens formerly classified as C. nationi are similar in size to specimens of C. v. vellerosus, with which they also share mitochondrial haplotypes. They might thus be viewed as being part of this subspecies. Nevertheless, the reality of the subspecies definition within C. vellerosus requires more detailed phylogeographic and population genetics studies." 22725876,Merops orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,orientalis,,,,,"Latham, 1802","

Merops orientalis, M. viridissimus and M. cyanophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. orientalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725888,Merops viridissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,viridissimus,,,,,"Swainson, 1837","

Merops orientalis, M. viridissimus and M. cyanophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. orientalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 119974908,Sympetrum villosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,villosum,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 119974946,Heteropodagrion nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Heteropodagrion,nigripes,,,,,"Daigle, 2014", 119975038,Heteropodagrion varipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Heteropodagrion,varipes,,,,,"Daigle, 2014", 119975111,Neocordulia caudacuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,caudacuta,,,,,"De Marmels, 2008", 103726378,Garrulus leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Garrulus,leucotis,,,,,"Hume, 1874","

Garrulus glandarius , G. bispecularis and G. leucotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. glandarius following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22694127,Glareola pratincola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Glareola,pratincola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 67905791,Pherallodus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Pherallodus,smithi,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 120035224,Acanthagrion amazonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,amazonicum,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 120035308,Acanthagrion chararum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,chararum,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 120035369,Acanthagrion chicomendesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,chicomendesi,,,,,"Machado, 2012", 120035380,Acanthagrion descendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,descendens,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 120035390,Acanthagrion dichrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,dichrostigma,,,,,"De Marmels, 1985", 120035409,Acanthagrion flaviae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,flaviae,,,,,"Machado, 2012", 120035426,Acanthagrion fluviatile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,fluviatile,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1984)", 120035534,Acanthagrion jessei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,jessei,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 120035544,Acanthagrion kaori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,kaori,,,,,"Machado, 2012", 120035580,Acanthagrion latapistylum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,latapistylum,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 120035588,Acanthagrion triangulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,triangulare,,,,,"Machado, 2012", 120035605,Aceratobasis mourei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aceratobasis,mourei,,,,,"(Santos, 1970)", 120035727,Aceratobasis nathaliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aceratobasis,nathaliae,,,,,"(Lencioni, 2004)", 120036077,Antiagrion antigone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Antiagrion,antigone,,,,,"Ris, 1928", 120036114,Argia calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,calverti,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017", 120036185,Argia carolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,carolus,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017", 120036254,Argia concinna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,concinna,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 120036292,Argia deami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,deami,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 120036372,Argia funebris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,funebris,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)","Argia plana Calvert, 1902 is considered a junior synonym of Argia funebris (Hagen, 1861), so the A. funebris before considered a tropical species now reaches Oklahoma and northern Texas in the middle of the USA (Rosser W. Garrison pers. comn.)." 120036420,Argia hasemani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,hasemani,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 120036444,Argia iralai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,iralai,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 120036448,Argia mollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,mollis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 120036452,Argia rogersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,rogersi,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 120036475,Argia rudolphi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,rudolphi,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017", 120036488,Argia schneideri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,schneideri,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017", 120036496,Argia tamoyo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tamoyo,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 120036514,Argia terira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,terira,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 120036738,Calvertagrion mauffrayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Calvertagrion,mauffrayi,,,,,"Tennessen, 2015", 120036750,Calvertagrion minutissimum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Calvertagrion,minutissimum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 120037505,Epipleoneura humeralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,humeralis,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 120037513,Epipleoneura machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,machadoi,,,,,"Rácenis, 1960", 120037517,Epipleoneura solitaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,solitaria,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 120037521,Epipleoneura waiwaiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,waiwaiana,,,,,"Machado, 1985", 120037525,Epipleoneura westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,westfalli,,,,,"Machado, 1986", 120037529,Leptagrion afonsoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,afonsoi,,,,,"Machado, 2006", 120037561,Mesamphiagrion tamaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,tamaense,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1988)", 120037646,Mesoleptobasis cantralli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesoleptobasis,cantralli,,,,,"Santos, 1961", 120037650,Mesoleptobasis elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesoleptobasis,elongata,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2009", 120037654,Metaleptobasis amazonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,amazonica,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918", 120037658,Metaleptobasis quadricornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,quadricornis,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 120037666,Metaleptobasis selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,selysi,,,,,"Santos, 1956", 120037673,Minagrion caldense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Minagrion,caldense,,,,,"Santos, 1965", 120037683,Neoneura paya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,paya,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 120037695,Neoneura schreiberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,schreiberi,,,,,"Machado, 1975", 120037823,Neoneura waltheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,waltheri,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 120037905,Oxyagrion brevistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,brevistigma,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 120037909,Oxyagrion machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,machadoi,,,,,"Costa, 1978", 120037944,Phasmoneura janirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phasmoneura,janirae,,,,,"Lencioni, 1999", 120038002,Psaironeura angeloi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Psaironeura,angeloi,,,,,"Tennessen, 2016", 120038027,Psaironeura bifurcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Psaironeura,bifurcata,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1918)", 120038243,Telagrion longum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telagrion,longum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 120038306,Telebasis boomsmae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,boomsmae,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 120038315,Telebasis levis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,levis,,,,,"Garrison, 2009", 120038330,Telebasis paraensei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,paraensei,,,,,"Machado, 1956", 120038375,Telebasis theodori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,theodori,,,,,"(Navás, 1934)", 120038511,Telebasis vulcanoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,vulcanoae,,,,,"(Machado, 1980)", 120038725,Tuberculobasis costalimai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,costalimai,,,,,"(Santos, 1957)",Originally described as Leptobasis costalimai Santos 1957. Later was included in the genus Tuberculobasis by Machado (2009). 120038962,Epigomphus subquadrices,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,subquadrices,,,,,"Kennedy, 1946", 120039082,Erpetogomphus agkistrodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,agkistrodon,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 120039097,Erpetogomphus molossus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,molossus,,,,,"Bailowitz, Danforth & Upson, 2013", 120039194,Gomphoides perdita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphoides,perdita,,,,,"(Förster, 1914)", 120039241,Gomphoides praevia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphoides,praevia,,,,,"St. Quentin, 1967", 120039294,Gomphoides infumata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphoides,infumata,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 120039477,Neogomphus edenticulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neogomphus,edenticulatus,,,,,"Carle & Cook, 1984", 120039502,Phyllocycla elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,elongata,,,,,"(Selys, 1858)", 120039660,Phyllocycla speculatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,speculatrix,,,,,"Belle, 1975", 120039777,Phyllogomphoides cassiopeia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,cassiopeia,,,,,"(Belle, 1975)", 120039941,Argia johannella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,johannella,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 120039953,Argia loutoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,loutoni,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 120039992,Argia schorri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,schorri,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017", 120040138,Calvertagrion declivatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Calvertagrion,declivatum,,,,,"Tennessen, 2015", 120040157,Metaleptobasis spatulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,spatulata,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 120040325,Mnesarete fulgida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,fulgida,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 120041592,Phyllogomphoides pacificus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,pacificus,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 120041656,Phyllogomphoides suasillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,suasillus,,,,,"Donnelly, 1979", 120041933,Progomphus flinti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,flinti,,,,,"Belle, 1975", 120041975,Progomphus marcelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,marcelae,,,,,"Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2007", 120042478,Stylurus falcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,falcatus,,,,,"Gloyd, 1944", 120045943,Pristimantis dorado,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,dorado,,,,,"Rivera-Correa, Lamadrid-Feris & Crawford, 2016", 120042621,Heteragrion azulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,azulum,,,,,"Dunkle, 1989", 120042675,Heteragrion silvarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,silvarum,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1918","About the taxonomic similarities between Heteragrion silvarum Sjöstedt 1918 and Heteragrion melanurum Williamson 1919, Lencioni (2013) stated as follows: ""...Other material from Manaus (paratype of H. melanurum) is close to H. silvarum, as noted by De Marmels (1987). All comparisons with the morphology of the appendages was based on Sjöstedt's figures, as the appendages were missing when De Marmels examined the holotype in 1987. Based on his examination, Garrison agrees with De Marmels that H. melanurum = H. silvarum but acknowledges that this species is wide-ranging and variable as to color. The specimen in the Lencioni collection from Porto Velho includes a note from R. Garrison: ""specimens darker than normal H. silvarum but agree with appendage morphology to topotypical material.""" 120043058,Lestes alfonsoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,alfonsoi,,,,,"González & Novelo, 2001", 120043071,Lestes basidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,basidens,,,,,"Belle, 1997", 120043180,Lestes fernandoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,fernandoi,,,,,"Costa, De Souza & Muzón, 2006", 120043197,Lestes quadristriatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,quadristriatus,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 120043204,Lestes secula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,secula,,,,,"May, 1993", 120043214,Lestes simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,simplex,,,,,"Hagen, 1861", 120043224,Lestes trichonus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,trichonus,,,,,"Belle, 1997", 120044473,Edonis helena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Edonis,helena,,,,,"Needham, 1905", 120044484,Erythrodiplax anatoidea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,anatoidea,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 120044528,Erythrodiplax anomala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,anomala,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 120044538,Erythrodiplax avittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,avittata,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 120044590,Libellula coahuiltecana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,coahuiltecana,,,,,"Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano, 2015", 120045585,Macrothemis marmorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,marmorata,,,,,"Hagen, 1868", 120045936,Micrathyria athenais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,athenais,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 120046051,Oligoclada crocogaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,crocogaster,,,,,"Borror, 1931", 120046092,Orthemis philipi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,philipi,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2009", 120046141,Paltothemis nicolae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Paltothemis,nicolae,,,,,"Hellebuyck, 2002", 120046321,Teinopodagrion epidrium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,epidrium,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 120046379,Perilestes bispinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,bispinus,,,,,"Kimmins, 1958", 120046888,Perilestes minor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,minor,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1924", 114169344,Diaphus burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,burtoni,,,,,"Fowler, 1934","Diaphus burtoni is the senior synonym of D. bryani, also known only from the Philippines (Paxton 1979)." 120071255,Perissolestes aculeatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,aculeatus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1941", 120071347,Philogenia carrillica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,carrillica,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 120071358,Philogenia margarita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,margarita,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 120071396,Philogenia strigilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,strigilis,,,,,"Donnelly, 1989", 120071439,Palaemnema distadens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,distadens,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 120071477,Palaemnema paulirica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,paulirica,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 120071510,Gomphomacromia chilensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Gomphomacromia,chilensis,,,,,"Martin, 1921", 120071550,Paraphlebia duodecima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,THAUMATONEURIDAE,Paraphlebia,duodecima,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 120071615,Archaeogomphus densus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Archaeogomphus,densus,,,,,"Belle, 1982", 120071619,Archaeogomphus infans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Archaeogomphus,infans,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 120071623,Archilestes exoletus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,exoletus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1862)", 120071679,Archilestes regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,regalis,,,,,"Gloyd, 1944", 120071714,Anatya januaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Anatya,januaria,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 120071788,Allopodagrion brachyurum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Allopodagrion,brachyurum,,,,,"De Marmels, 2001", 120071923,Archaeopodagrion fernandoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Archaeopodagrion,fernandoi,,,,,"Bota Sierra, 2017", 120072188,Philogenia martae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,martae,,,,,"Bota Sierra, 2017", 120072231,Leptobasis guanacaste,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,guanacaste,,,,,"Paulson, 2009", 120072322,Leptobasis linda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,linda,,,,,"Johnson, 2016", 120072752,Amynthas hatomajimensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,hatomajimensis,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1957)","Previously held as a synonym of cosmopolitan Amynthas corticis species-complex (Easton 1981, Blakemore 2003, 2012a, 2016a), it was formally restored by Blakemore (2013: 112).  Blakemore (2013: 112) noted: ""similar taxa now are A. hongkongensis (Michaelsen, 1910) from China and A. cruxus Tsai & Shen in Tsai, Shen, Tsai and Lee, 2007: 357 from Taiwan that seem to belong to the A. corticis group and similar to current Incheon specimens of A. corticis and so these taxa should be reevaluated.""  " 118354225,Oligolepis formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oligolepis,formosanus,,,,,"(Nichols, 1958)","This species has previously been considered a junior synonym of O. acutipennis, but is recognized as valid by Pezold and Larson (2015)." 153745,Pontastacus leptodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Pontastacus,leptodactylus,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1823)","Astacus leptodactylus is referred to as a species complex. In the 1950s this species was believed to belong to the subgenus Astacus (Potastacus) along with A. (P.) pachypus, A. (P.) pylzowi and A. (P.) kessleri.The following four subspecies were attributed to A. (P.) leptodactylus: eichwaldi, cubanicus, salinus, and leptodactylus. Karaman (1962, 1963) however does not acknowledge A. (P.) cubanicus as a subspecies. In the 1970s, Pontastacus was raised to generic level. In the 1980s, Brodskij made a number of revisions within Pontastacus but the number of taxa varied within papers. In the mid 1990s Starobogatov (1995) split Pontastacus into two genera: Pontastacus - P. angulosus (Rathke, 1837); P. cubanicus (Birstein & Winogradow, 1934); P. danubialis (Brodskij, 1967); P. eichwaldi (Bott, 1950); P. intermedius (Bott, 1950); P. kessleri (Schimkewitsch, 1886); P. pyzlowi (Skorikov, 1911); P. salinus (Nordmann, 1942), and Caspiastacus with two species. However, there is great deal of criticism over the recent revision in taxonomy made by Ukranian and Russian taxonomists as it appears to be based on little evidence.
In line with a new publication: Crandall, K.A. & S. De Grave. (2017). An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list. Journal of Crustacean Biology. This species formally under the genus Astacus has been moved to Pontastacus." 153702,Pontastacus pachypus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Pontastacus,pachypus,,,,,"(Rathke, 1837)","In the 1950's this species was thought to belong to a different sub-genus from Astacus i.e. was thought to belong to A. (Pontastacus) pachypus along with the species pylzowi, kessleri and leptodactylus. The sub-genus Pontastacus has since been elevated to generic level, and then to a new genus (Caspiastacus) in 1995 by Starobogatov (Souty-Grosset et al. 2006).

The taxonomy of Eurasian crayfish is questionable as there appears to be little validity for revisions to existing taxonomy. There is considerable morphological variation across the Eurasian species, and it is thought that there is hybridisation between A. pachypus and A. leptodactylus. The only way to truly delineate the precise range of each species, is to conduct comparative molecular genetic studies. At the present time A. pachypus is considered to be present in the Black, Azov and Caspian Seas (Souty-Grosset et al. 2006).
In line with Crandall, K.A. & S. De Grave. (2017). An updated classification of the freshwater crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidea) of the world, with a complete species list. Journal of Crustacean Biology this species has been laterally moved from the genus Astacus to Pontastacus, no change in taxonomic concept has occurred, so there was no need for reassessment." 158609,Adelophryne patamona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Adelophryne,patamona,,,,,"MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Minter, Khan & Barrio-Amorós, 2008", 98201671,Corbicula africana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENIDAE,Corbicula,africana,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","Clams of the genus Corbicula Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 are native to Africa, Australia, Asia, and the Middle East; however, as invasive species, they are nowadays distributed worldwide (Araujo et al. 1993).
 
In the past the African species was treated as a subspecies of Corbicula fluminea, and past accounts were treated under this taxonomic name. Kornuishin (2004) suggests that the smaller shell form and anatomical differences could be used to distinguish this taxa from Corbicula fluminea.

There have been papers suggesting this species has also been interbreeding with other native species throughout the world." 44266,Aspatharia subreniformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,subreniformis,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1867)","All African genera, hence also Aspatharia, formerly placed in the family Mutelidae are presently ranged in the family Iridinidae Swainson, 1840 (Carter et al. 2011)" 184717,Chambardia nyassaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,nyassaensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1864)", 184527,Chambardia petersi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,petersi,,,,,"(Martens, 1860)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List with the incorrect spelling of Chambardia petersii. 98324221,Chambardia wahlbergi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,wahlbergi,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","Mandahl-Barth (1888) and Daget (1998) distinguish six recent geographical forms of Chambardia walhlbergi while Graf and Cummings (2017) only retain four modern subspecies, considering C. bourguignati and C. welwitschii not as subspecies of C. wahlbergi but as distinct species. The opinion of Graf and Cummings is here followed, and the four C. wahlbergi subspecies are: C. w. guillaini; C. w. hartmanni; C. w. wahlbergi; and C. w. tabula." 44272,Mutela alata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,alata,,,,,"(Lea, 1864)", 56310,Adenomera lutzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,lutzi,,,,,"Heyer, 1975", 165786,Eupera ferruginea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Eupera,ferruginea,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)",The whole genus Eupera needs to be revised. 165798,Pisidium pirothi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,pirothi,,,,,"Jickeli, 1881","This species is difficult to identify to species level, and therefore there are doubts over the validity of some the Pisidium species reported from the southern African region." 184699,Coelatura hypsiprymna,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,hypsiprymna,,,,,"(Haas, 1936)","Pseudocardinal weak, beak low and more posterior than C. nyassaensis. Sculpture coarse and covering most of the shell. Adductor muscle smaller than C. nyassaensis." 165768,Coelatura mossambicensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,mossambicensis,,,,,"(von Martens, 1860)","Genus changed from Caelatura (Rosenberg, Bogen & Spamer 1990). With respect to the above synonomy, Appleton (1996, 2002), Appleton and Curtis (in press) treated Coelatura framesi as a separate species restricted to the north-eastern parts of South Africa." 173104,Nyassunio nyassaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Nyassunio,nyassaensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1864)", 11286,Lanistes nasutus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,nasutus,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1972","Closely related to Lanistes solidus and Lanistes nyassanus, but conchologically distinctive (Berthold in Brown 1994)." 184645,Lanistes nyassanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,nyassanus,,,,,"Dohrn, 1865","Closely related to Lanistes solidus and Lanistes nasutus according to anatomy (Berthold 1990 in Brown 1994)." 165799,Lanistes ovum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,ovum,,,,,"Peters, 1845",This species might belong to a cryptic species complex and taxonomic revision is needed. 11290,Lanistes solidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,solidus,,,,,"Smith, 1877","Closely related to Lanistes nasutus and Lanistes nyassanus, but conchologically distinctive (Berthold in Brown 1994). Mandahl-Barth (1972) suggested these species might not be distinct. This seems corroborated by recent molecular research (Jørgensen et al. 2008) which states: ""The very low genetic diversity of the endemic radiation of Lanistes in Lake Malawi suggests that the morphological divergence has happened much faster than the molecular divergence as is also evidenced from the cichlid radiations""." 44231,Gabbiella stanleyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,stanleyi,,,,,"(Smith, 1877)", 165761,Radix natalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Radix,natalensis,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","The question if the species Lymnaea natalensis should be placed in the genus Lymnaea or in the genus Radix, formerly considered a subgenus of the first, remained unresolved for a long time (Bargues et al. 2001). Thus for example Brown (1994) and Appleton (1996) refer to Lymnaea natalensis, but the molecular study of Correa et al. (2010) provides definite arguments for the use of Radix natalensis. This species appeared on the IUCN Red List as Lymnaea natalensis until 2016.

The identification of large Radix specimens from the Arabian Peninsula as Lymnaea (Radix) natalensis remains doubtful. It may be that this is a separate species, i.e. Lymnaea (Radix) arabica Smith, 1894 (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2012).

Lymnaea mauritiana Morelet, 1875 is in recent literature also considered as a synonym of Radix natalensis." 165775,Africanogyrus coretus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Africanogyrus,coretus,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1826)","The genus name Afrogyrus is occupied (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae) and altered in Africanogyrus (Özdikmen and Darilmaz 2007)." 2807,Biomphalaria angulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,angulosa,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1957","Recent molecular research (Jørgensen et al. 2007) proved B. angulosa to be a distinct species, which is a sister group and is basal to the Nilotic Biomphalaria species complex." 165794,Bulinus forskalii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,forskalii,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1831)",The B. forskalii group is one of the four groups in which the representatives of the genus Bulinus are subdivided. In Madagascar the species was known under the name B. mariei. 99504682,Bulinus globosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,globosus,,,,,"(Morelet, 1866, 1868)","This Red List assessment is of the Bulinus globosus/ugandae complex, named here as Bulinus globosus. Bulinus globosus and B. ugandae were formerly recognised as distinct on the basis of morphological characteristics. However, they have been shown by means of genetic analysis to genetically overlap and hence may cross-breed. Therefore, here they are assessed as a complex." 3318,Bulinus nyassanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,nyassanus,,,,,"Smith, 1877", 99507883,Bulinus truncatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,truncatus,,,,,"(Audouin, 1827)","This Red List assessment is of the Bulinus truncatus complex including the species B. truncatus, B. tropicus, B. transversalis, B. natalensis and B. trigonus. It is named Bulinus truncatus on the Red List as this is the oldest name. Difficulty in genetically separating the former Bulinus species within this group from each other has led to the use of species-complexes in Bulinus taxonomy." 165767,Gyraulus costulatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Gyraulus,costulatus,,,,,"(Krauss, 1848)","There is some confusion about the taxonomy of Gyraulus costulatus. It has been synonymised with G. ehrenbergi and Armiger crista, but this is not correct, as these species have different morphologies to G. costulatus. It is best considered to be a distinct species (D. Van Damme pers. comm.)." 165787,Lentorbis junodi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Lentorbis,junodi,,,,,"(Connolly, 1922, 1925)",The Afrotropical genus Lentorbis consists of three species only. The taxonomical differentiation is mainly based on anatomical characteristics. 165771,Segmentorbis angustus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentorbis,angustus,,,,,"(Jickeli, 1874)","The Afrotropical genus Segmentorbis consists of five species, which conchyologically can rather easily be distinguished from other planorbid genera." 165763,Segmentorbis kanisaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Segmentorbis,kanisaensis,,,,,"(Preston, 1914)", 155675,Melanoides tuberculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,tuberculata,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)","The species name is sometimes spelled Melanoides tuberculatus (see Madhyastha 2012), but this is incorrect because Melanoides Olivier, 1804 was clearly intended to be feminine as it was combined with the feminine specific epithet fasciolata in the original description. " 165783,Bellamya capillata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,capillata,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1865)","The species Bellamya capillata, as presently defined on conchyological, anatomical and embryological characters, is clearly polyphyletic in genetic trees (Sengupta et al. 2009). The large genetic diversity from specimens assigned to B. capillata from Zambia and Zimbabwe suggests that they constitute three different species (Sengupta et al. 2009). A  taxonomic revision of the African representatives of the genus Bellamya is therefore needed. See Schultheiß et al. (2011) for a discussion." 2743,Bellamya jeffreysi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,jeffreysi,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1865)", 2751,Bellamya robertsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,robertsoni,,,,,"Frauenfeld, 1865", 136167,Allobates granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,granti,,,,,"(Kok, MacCulloch, Gaucher, Poelman, Bourne, Lathrop & Lenglet, 2006)","This species can be distinguished from other congeners by a combination of morphological, bioacoustical and behavioural features (Kok et al. 2006)." 55052,Anomaloglossus beebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,beebei,,,,,"(Noble, 1923)",This species was redescribed by Kok et al. (2006). 125200843,Anomaloglossus degranvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,degranvillei,,,,,"(Lescure, 1975)","Subpopulations from Suriname that were previously reported as belonging to this species, have now been assigned to Anomaloglossus surinamensis (Ouboter and Jairam 2012). Following genetic, morphological and bioacoustic analysis, a subpopulation from Itoupe Massif in French Guiana have been assigned to A. dewynteri, and subpopulations from northeast French Guiana have been assigned to A. blanci (Fouquet et al. 2018)." 135874,Anomaloglossus kaiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,kaiei,,,,,"(Kok, Sambhu, Roopsind, Lenglet & Bourne, 2006)","This species can be differentiated from other similar species by a combination of morphological features, tadpole morphology, advertisement call and ecological traits (Kok et al. 2006)." 10250,Hoplodactylus duvaucelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Hoplodactylus,duvaucelii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)", 10254,Hoplodactylus delcourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Hoplodactylus,delcourti,,,,,"Bauer & Russell, 1986", 10249,Woodworthia chrysosiretica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Woodworthia,chrysosiretica,,,,,"(Robb, 1980)", 10253,Toropuku stephensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Toropuku,stephensi,,,,,"(Robb, 1980)",This species is known from the Cook Strait and the Coromandel Peninsula; genetic divergence and minor morphological differences suggest that more than one taxon my be included under the name Toropuku stephensi (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2019). 10252,Tukutuku rakiurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Tukutuku,rakiurae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1981)", 10251,Mokopirirakau kahutarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Mokopirirakau,kahutarae,,,,,"(Whitaker, 1985)", 6010,Oligosoma alani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,alani,,,,,"(Robb, 1970)", 6011,Oligosoma macgregori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,macgregori,,,,,"(Robb, 1975)", 203035599,Oligosoma oliveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,oliveri,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)","Chapple et al. (2008) revised Oligosoma olivieri, describing the new species O. townsi. Jewell (2019) subsequently resurrected the name Leiolopisma pachysomaticum (as Oligosoma pachysomaticum) for a morphologically distinct group of populations, restricting O. olivieri to Poor Knights. Although this split has been ""widely welcomed"" within the New Zealand herpetological community (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2019) it is not supported by genetic evidence previously presented by Chapple et al. (2008), which suggests that the new concept of O. polysomaticum is not monophyletic, and this assessment regards O. pachysomaticum as a junior synonym of O. olivieri following Chapple et al. (2008). Further research is, however, likely to be warranted to resolve the relationships between the island populations (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2019)." 6013,Oligosoma whitakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,whitakeri,,,,,"(Hardy, 1977)", 14378,Naultinus rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,rudis,,,,,"(Fischer, 1881)", 15257,Oligosoma grande,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,grande,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 15258,Oligosoma microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,microlepis,,,,,"Patterson & Daugherty, 1990", 15259,Oligosoma notosaurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,notosaurus,,,,,"(Patterson & Daugherty, 1990)", 15260,Oligosoma otagense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,otagense,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)","Recent genetic evidence suggests that the east and west populations of this species diverged in the Miocene (Chapple et al. 2012). While this is not thought to have taxonomic implications, this finding indicates that the two populations should continue to be treated as separate management units and needs to be accounted for in captive breeding programs (Chapple et al. 2012)." 15261,Oligosoma striatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,striatum,,,,,"(Buller, 1871)", 15263,Oligosoma fallai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,fallai,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)","Named after Sir Robert Falla (1901–1979), a prominent New Zealand naturalist (Gill and Whitaker 2001)." 156731593,Oligosoma infrapunctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,infrapunctatum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","The taxonomy of Oligosoma infrapunctatum has until recently not been studied in detail, although multiple undescribed species have been informally recognized from within the complex (discussed in Melzer et al. 2019). Uncertainty surrounds the identity of 'true' O. infrapunctatum, whose type locality is unknown: an assumption that this was Stephens Island (Takapourewa) (McCann 1955) is now considered to be in error, as the species known from this island is not conspecific with the O. infrapunctatum holotype (Melzer et al. 2019). These authors combined morphological evidence with a previous molecular phylogeny of the species complex to revise the taxonomy of this group." 15265,Oligosoma waimatense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,waimatense,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)", 15267,Oligosoma longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,longipes,,,,,"Patterson, 1997",This is a recognized species complex; as presently defined a northern and southern clade are recognized as distinct (Whitaker et al. 2018). 131735762,Sphenodon punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,RHYNCHOCEPHALIA,SPHENODONTIDAE,Sphenodon,punctatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","Three genetic groups were identified within Sphenodon by Daugherty et al. (1990) based on allozyme data. These authors proposed a two-species scheme, revalidating S. guntheri for the clade from the North Brother Island population, that was subsequently adopted in New Zealand's conservation policy. More recent research (Hay et al. 2010 and references therein) incorporating mitochondrial and nuclear DNA does not support this arrangement. Hay et al. (2010) consequently favoured treating all extant tuatara populations as a single species, S. punctatus." 177826,Naultinus gemmeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,gemmeus,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)", 177827,Naultinus manukanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,manukanus,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)", 178264,Oligosoma acrinasum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,acrinasum,,,,,"(Hardy, 1977)", 178435,Oligosoma zelandicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,zelandicum,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)", 178624,Oligosoma suteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,suteri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 120157029,Dactylocnemis pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dactylocnemis,pacificus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 120163135,Woodworthia cf. brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Woodworthia,cf. brunnea,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)","The name Woodworthia brunnea (sometimes, incorrectly, W. brunneus) has been used informally to refer to a species recognized as distinct from Dactylocnemis pacificus and from Woodworthia maculata, for which the name Pentadactylus brunneus is thought to be available (Jewell 2008). This action was taken without providing the taxonomic justification for associating the new taxon with the P. brunneus holotype. Nielsen et al. (2011) describe the content of Woodworthia as including W. brunnea, but do not comment on this assignment and elsewhere refer to samples of this species as Hoplodactylus cf. brunneus. Subsequently Hitchmough et al. (2016) used the form Woodworthia cf. brunnea to refer to this taxon, and this usage is preferred pending a formal examination of the appropriate nomenclature (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2019)." 120187252,Woodworthia maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Woodworthia,maculata,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","The formally recognized species concept for Woodworthia maculata represents a known species complex, containing between 9 and 12 identified lineages recognized as distinct at the species level but not yet formally described (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2019). These taxa are now generally excluded from W. maculata by workers within New Zealand and this assessment adopts a reduced concept, considered to represent W. maculata sensu stricto, following this usage and van Winkel et al. (2018)." 120188714,Mokopirirakau cryptozoicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Mokopirirakau,cryptozoicus,,,,,"(Jewell & Leschen, 2004)", 120188740,Mokopirirakau granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Mokopirirakau,granulatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 120188758,Mokopirirakau nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Mokopirirakau,nebulosus,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)", 120188938,Naultinus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,elegans,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 120188965,Naultinus grayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,grayii,,,,,"Bell, 1843", 120189003,Naultinus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,punctatus,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 120189038,Naultinus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,stellatus,,,,,"Hutton, 1872", 120189071,Naultinus tuberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Naultinus,tuberculatus,,,,,"(McCann, 1955)", 120189099,Oligosoma aeneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,aeneum,,,,,"(Girard, 1857)", 120189156,Oligosoma awakopaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,awakopaka,,,,,"Jewell, 2017", 120189166,Oligosoma burganae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,burganae,,,,,"Chapple, Bell, Chapple, Miller, Daugherty & Patterson 2011", 120189237,Oligosoma chloronoton,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,chloronoton,,,,,"(Hardy, 1977)",Work is underway to clarify the systematics of this species complex (R. Hitchmough and D. van Winkel pers. comm. 2019). 120189424,Oligosoma elium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,elium,,,,,"Melzer, Bell & Patterson, 2017", 120189443,Oligosoma hardyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,hardyi,,,,,"(Chapple, Patterson, Bell & Daugherty, 2008)", 120189462,Oligosoma hoparatea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,hoparatea,,,,,"Whitaker, Chapple, Hitchmough, Lettink & Patterson, 2018", 120189469,Oligosoma inconspicuum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,inconspicuum,,,,,"(Patterson & Daugherty, 1990)", 120189518,Oligosoma judgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,judgei,,,,,"Patterson & Bell, 2009", 120189534,Oligosoma kokowai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,kokowai,,,,,"Melzer, Bell & Patterson, 2017", 120189545,Oligosoma levidensum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,levidensum,,,,,"(Chapple, Patterson, Bell & Daugherty, 2008)", 120189599,Oligosoma lineoocellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,lineoocellatum,,,,,"(Duméril & Duméril, 1851)", 120189661,Oligosoma maccanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,maccanni,,,,,"(Hardy, 1977)", 120189712,Oligosoma moco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,moco,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 120189745,Oligosoma nigriplantare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,nigriplantare,,,,,"(Peters, 1873)", 120189934,Oligosoma ornatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,ornatum,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)", 120189967,Oligosoma pikitanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,pikitanga,,,,,"Bell & Patterson, 2008", 120189983,Oligosoma polychroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,polychroma,,,,,"(Patterson & Daugherty, 1990)","Five major geographic clades have been identified within Oligosoma polychroma (Liggins et al. 2008), and these are likely to be elevated to specific status in future (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2019). Hitchmough et al. (2016) treated these taxa separately in their conservation assessment, but all are included within O. polychroma for the purposes of this assessment pending a formal taxonomic revision." 120190019,Oligosoma prasinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,prasinum,,,,,"Melzer, Bell & Patterson, 2017", 120190052,Oligosoma repens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,repens,,,,,"Chapple, Bell, Chapple, Miller, Daugherty & Patterson, 2011", 120190080,Oligosoma roimata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,roimata,,,,,"Patterson, Hitchmough & Chapple, 2013", 120190102,Oligosoma smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,smithi,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)",Western and northern populations of this species are likely to be recognized as belonging to a separate species in future (R. Hitchmough pers. comm. 2019). 120190127,Oligosoma stenotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,stenotis,,,,,"(Patterson & Daugherty, 1994)", 120190169,Oligosoma taumakae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,taumakae,,,,,"Chapple & Patterson, 2007", 120190180,Oligosoma tekakahu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,tekakahu,,,,,"Chapple, Bell, Chapple, Miller, Daugherty & Patterson, 2011", 120190199,Oligosoma toka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,toka,,,,,"Chapple, Bell, Chapple, Miller, Daugherty & Patterson, 2011", 120190214,Oligosoma townsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,townsi,,,,,"(Chapple, Patterson, Gleeson, Daugherty, Ritchie, 2008)", 120190272,Oligosoma homalonotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,homalonotum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 63457,Cafferia caffer,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Cafferia,caffer,,,,,"Krauss, 1848",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Unio caffer but it is now considered valid as Cafferia caffra. 120211358,Testacella bracciai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,TESTACELLIDAE,Testacella,bracciai,,,,,"Nardi & Bodon, 2011", 77319999,Anomaloglossus leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,leopardus,,,,,"Ouboter & Jairam, 2012", 77320150,Anomaloglossus megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,megacephalus,,,,,"Kok, MacCulloch, Lathrop, Willaert & Bossuyt, 2010", 120311936,Amynthas tralfamadore,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,tralfamadore,,,,,"Blakemore, 2012","Amynthas tralfamadore is separable from both A. masatakae (Beddard, 1892) and A. robustus (Perrier, 1872) for reasons presented by Blakemore (2012, 2013) and by Blakemore and Lee (2013). Genbank analysis of the definitive holotype DNA (BLASTn September 2017, R. Blakemore pers. obs.) shows 100% agreement with ""Amynthas sp."" KT252955 from South China, 99% to ""A. robustus"" KT429019 from ""China"", 99% to ""A. triastriatus"" KT252962 from South China and KX467191 from a park near Hong Kong.  For Japan, its closest current match is 94% for ""A. robustus"" AB542533 from Osaka and AB542532 from Tokyo. Further eco-taxonomic research is required for greater resolution." 54512,Atelopus franciscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,franciscus,,,,,"Lescure, 1974",Boistel et al. (2005) in Rueda-Almonacid et al. (eds.) and Lötters et al. (2011) suggested that this taxon might be a synonym of Atelopus flavescens. Jorge et al. (2020) presented phylogenetic evidence that Atelopus franciscus is imbedded within nominal Atelopus hoogmoedi. 54963,Cochranella geijskesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,geijskesi,,,,,"(Goin, 1966)", 61769,Dendrobates nubeculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Dendrobates,nubeculosus,,,,,"Jungfer and Böhme, 2004", 55493,Dendropsophus grandisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,grandisonae,,,,,"(Goin, 1966)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). 120323751,Obscurella crassilabrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,crassilabrum,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1849)","According to Fauna Europaea and Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel (based probably on Falkner et al. 2002) it is a distinct species. In the view of Germain (1931: p.576) and Gofas (2001), however, it is the synonym of C. obscurum. This assessment is made on the basis of INPN records, however, as Cochlostoma is revised, a reconsideration of this assessment might be necessary.

Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma to Obscurella.

There are three different opinions on the identity (and distributions) of O. crassilabrum, obscura, and conica. Gofas (2001) considers there to be two species in the Pyrenees (crassilabrum and obscura), and one of these two (obscura) also occurs in central France (with conica as a synonym of obscura).

Falkner et al. (2002) considers there to be one species in the Pyrenees (obscura, with crassilabrum as its synonym), and the second one in central France (conica).

MolluscaBase (Bank pers. comm. 2017) considers two species in the Pyrenees (crassilabrum and obscura) and a third species in central France (conica). This opinion is based on the dendrograms provided by Gofas (2001), which show that there are, based on allozyme data, three clusters: “obscurum” from Arcy, Aisy and Massangis (all records from central France = conica), “obscurum” from Pau and St. Martory (all records from the Pyrenees = obscura), and “crassilabrum” (all records from the Pyrenees = crassilabrum). An additional argument to treat the taxon from central France as a separate species is also the large distribution gap between the populations from Central France and the Pyrenees (about 500 km)." 78520386,Microcaecilia dermatophaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,dermatophaga,,,,,"Wilkinson, Sherratt, Starace & Gower, 2013", 18434740,Microcaecilia iwokramae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,iwokramae,,,,,"Wake & Donnelly, 2009", 59574,Microcaecilia unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,SIPHONOPIDAE,Microcaecilia,unicolor,,,,,"(Duméril, 1863)", 55524,Nesorohyla kanaima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Nesorohyla,kanaima,,,,,"(Goin & Woodley, 1969)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla was moved to the new genus Myersiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). It has now been moved to the new genus Nesorohyla (Pinheiro et al. 2018). 136171,Oreophrynella dendronastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,dendronastes,,,,,"Lathrop & MacCulloch, 2007",Oreophrynella dendronastes can be distinguished from other species of the genus by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Lathrop and MacCulloch 2007).

Kok et al. (2017) suggests that this species may be a synonym of O. macconnelli. 120402105,Cochlostoma sturanii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,sturanii,,,,,"(Wagner, 1897)","Originally, this species was described as a subspecies of Cochlostoma gracile (Wagner 1897). Later, Wagner (1906) raised it to species level and described its further three subspecies: Cochlostoma sturanii mnelense, C. sturanii scalariniformis and C. sturanii zawinkanum. Zallot et al. (2015) claimed that the former C. sturanii sensu Wagner is an aggregate of more than one species. Therefore, this assessment deals only with C. sturanii sensu stricto." 119440980,Armene pusilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Armene,pusilla,,,,,"Eversmann, 1854", 78527890,Oreophrynella seegobini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,seegobini,,,,,"Kok, 2009", 59586,Oscaecilia zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Oscaecilia,zweifeli,,,,,"Taylor, 1968", 135809,Pristimantis dendrobatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,dendrobatoides,,,,,"Means and Savage, 2007","This species can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features, colour pattern and the production of odorous skin secretions (Means and Savage 2007)." 136172,Pristimantis jester,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,jester,,,,,"Means & Savage, 2007","This species can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features, colour pattern and the production of odorous skin secretions (Means and Savage 2007)." 56023,Stefania ackawaio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,ackawaio,,,,,"MacCulloch & Lathrop, 2002",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 56024,Stefania ayangannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,ayangannae,,,,,"MacCulloch & Lathrop, 2002",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 56025,Stefania coxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,coxi,,,,,"MacCulloch & Lathrop, 2002",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 56026,Stefania evansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,evansi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)",This genus was moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 56034,Stefania roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,roraimae,,,,,"Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1984",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 56039,Stefania woodleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,woodleyi,,,,,"Rivero, 1968",This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 136347,Microcebus danfossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,danfossi,,,,,"Olivieri, Zimmermann, Randrianambinina, Rassoloharijaona, Rakotondravony, Guschanski & Radespiel, 2007","The original Latin species name was mistakenly amended from the original description to Microcebus danfossorum (Mittermeier et al. 2008) in the mistaken belief that it was named after a husband and wife team, but it was not. It was named after a factory, hence it was a brand name and should be treated as a singular name not a plural." 120504826,Boreaphaenops angustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Boreaphaenops,angustus,,,,,"Ueno, 2002", 120504858,Cathaiaphaenops draconis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,draconis,,,,,"Deuve, 2000", 120504862,Cathaiaphaenops vignatagliantii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,vignatagliantii,,,,,"Deuve, 2000", 120504866,Cathaiaphaenops delprati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,delprati,,,,,"Deuve, 1996", 120504874,Dongodytes fowleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,fowleri,,,,,"Deuve, 1993", 120504878,Dongodytes grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,grandis,,,,,"Ueno, 1998", 120504882,Dongodytes baxian,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,baxian,,,,,"Tian, 2011", 120504899,Jiangxiaphaenops longiceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Jiangxiaphaenops,longiceps,,,,,"Ueno & Clarke, 2007", 120504907,Minimaphaenops lipsae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Minimaphaenops,lipsae,,,,,"Deuve, 2000", 120543623,Zhijinaphaenops lii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Zhijinaphaenops,lii,,,,,"Ueno & Ran, 2002", 120543987,Dongodytes yaophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,yaophilus,,,,,"Tian, Yin & Huang, 2014", 120544092,Giraffaphaenops yangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Giraffaphaenops,yangi,,,,,"Tian & Luo, 2015", 120544161,Huoyanodytes tujiaphilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Huoyanodytes,tujiaphilus,,,,,"Tian & Huang, 2016", 120544275,Jiulongotrechus pubescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Jiulongotrechus,pubescens,,,,,"Tian, Huang & Wang, 2015", 120544798,Luoxiaotrechus deuvei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Luoxiaotrechus,deuvei,,,,,"Tian & Yin, 2013", 120544873,Oodinotrechus yinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Oodinotrechus,yinae,,,,,"Sun & Tian, 2015", 120545823,Sinaphaenops xuxiakei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,xuxiakei,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2014", 120545861,Sinaphaenops mochongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,mochongensis,,,,,"Tian & Huang, 2015", 120547403,Wanhuaphaenops zhangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Wanhuaphaenops,zhangi,,,,,"Tian & Wang, 2016", 120547417,Yanzaphaenops hirundinis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Yanzaphaenops,hirundinis,,,,,"(Uéno, 2005)", 4033,Quickella arenaria,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Quickella,arenaria,,,,,"(Potiez & Michaud, 1838)","This species can only be reliably identified by dissection, hence any new records from new regions need to be carefully validated, as other species of Succineidae look very similar.

The species was placed in the genus Catinella for many years, but as this is predominantly a genus found in Hawaii and Pacific regions, the subgenus Quickella was elevated to genus level." 120588639,Pongo tapanuliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HOMINIDAE,Pongo,tapanuliensis,,,,,"Nurcahyo, Meijaard, Nowak, Fredriksson & Groves, 2017","This species was first described in 2017 (Nater et al. 2017). The Nater et al. study showed that an isolated orangutan population in the Batang Toru region, which is the southernmost range of extant Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii), south of Lake Toba, is distinct from other Sumatran and Bornean populations. Through a comparison of cranio-mandibular and dental characters from an orangutan killed during human-orangutan conflict to 33 adult male orangutans of similar developmental stage, the study found consistent differences between the Batang Toru individual and other extant Ponginae. Model-based approaches based on the analyses of 37 orangutan genomes supported the morphological results by revealing that the deepest split in the evolutionary history of extant orangutans occurred ~3.38 Ma ago between the Batang Toru population and those to the north of Lake Toba, while both currently recognized species separated much later at about 674 ka. The analyses show that there was a small gene flow between P. abelii and P. tapanuliensis until 10–20 ka. The combined analyses support a new classification of orangutans into three extant species." 174095,Duberria variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Duberria,variegata,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 174120,Pachydactylus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,fasciatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888", 174123,Pachydactylus tsodiloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,tsodiloensis,,,,,"Haacke, 1966", 174135,Sepsina alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sepsina,alberti,,,,,"Hewitt, 1929", 177447,Prosymna janii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,janii,,,,,"Bianconi, 1862", 177539,Python anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,anchietae,,,,,"Bocage, 1887", 177561,Cordylus meculae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,meculae,,,,,"Branch, Rödel & Marais, 2005",The newly discoverd subpopulations at Mount Sanga and Chitagal (Jones et al. 2017) need phylogenetic validation. 178213,Pedioplanis gaerdesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,gaerdesi,,,,,"(Mertens, 1954)", 178229,Gerrhosaurus skoogi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,skoogi,,,,,"Andersson, 1916","Molecular analyses consistently placed Angolosaurus within Gerrhosaurus, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic (Lamb et al. 2003). As a consequence, Angolosaurus should be considered a synonym of Gerrhosaurus." 178504,Ptenopus kochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ptenopus,kochi,,,,,"Haacke, 1964", 178627,Bitis peringueyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,peringueyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)", 196908,Chondrodactylus fitzsimonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Chondrodactylus,fitzsimonsi,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1947)", 196947,Pachydactylus rangei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,rangei,,,,,"(Andersson, 1908)","This species was initially described as the type species (by monotypy) of the genus Palmatogecko Andersson, 1908. Immunological comparisons with other African geckos suggested, however, that the species was a highly derived Pachydactylus (Joger 1985). The close relationship of this species to Pachydactylus austeni was confirmed by DNA-based phylogenetic analysis (Bauer and Lamb 2005, Lamb and Bauer 2006). The genus Palmatogecko was formally synonymised with Pachydactylus by Bauer and Lamb (2005)." 42760216,Nadzikambia baylissi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Nadzikambia,baylissi,,,,,"Branch & Tolley, 2010",Accepted as Nadzikambia baylissi in Branch & Tolley (2010). No notable taxonomic issues. 44930299,Prosymna pitmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,pitmani,,,,,"Battersby, 1951", 109452477,Cryptoblepharus ahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,ahli,,,,,"Mertens, 1928","The taxonomy of the genus Cryptoblepharus is controversial and cannot be considered stable despite recent reviews by Rocha et al. (2006) and Horner (2007). Based on the results of their mitochondrial sequence analysis, Rocha et al. (2006) concluded that the subspecific assignments of the Western Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus are the most appropriate. By contrast, Horner (2007) used morphological characteristics from a small sample to elevate C. boutonii africanus to species status, and recognized it as distinct from its former synonym C. ahli. The taxonomy of Horner (2007) is followed in this assessment, in keeping with the adoption of a general evolutionary species paradigm in South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. It is however the case that the species divisions in allopatric, highly mobile populations, such as those of the C. boutonii species complex, is controversial." 110222320,Namibiana occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Namibiana,occidentalis,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1962)","Molecular studies (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009) indicate deep genetic divergence between many leptotyphlopid species. Members of the Leptotyphlops rostratus group (sensu Broadley and Broadley 1999, i.e. L. rostratus, L. occidentalis, L. gracilior, L. labialis, L. latifrons) have been placed in the new genus Namibiana." 172976,Hemidactylus mercatorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,mercatorius,,,,,"Gray, 1842","Vences et al. (2004) confirmed the validity of Hemidactylus mercatorius as a species distinct from H. mabouia, with which it had previously been confused, considering that it represented mainland African and Madagascan members of this species complex. Uncertainty over the exact definitions of these two species, and potential confusion with additional species of Hemidactylus, remain, making it difficult to establish the global distribution of either H. mercatorius or H. mabouia. Vences et al. (2004) found that Madagascan H. mercatorius were genetically distinct from a sample from Mozambique. Within Madagascan H. mercatorius, at least three distinct lineages appear to exist (Vences et al. 2004, Boumans et al. 2007). Rocha et al. (2005) found that Gulf of Guinea ""H. mabouia"" identified by Jesus et al. (2005) belonged to the northern Madagascar lineage of H. mercatorius identified by Vences et al. (2004). This concept of H. mercatorius as a widespread island species appears to correspond to Clade A of ""H. mabouia"" identified by Rocha et al. (2010), which is also found in Tanzania, South Africa (where three separate lineages have been identified), Uganda and the Seychelles, including a lineage endemic to the Aldabra archipelago. However, given the apparent basal relationships of mainland African members of this clade and continuing uncertainty over their taxonomic assignment, this assessment follows Rocha et al. (2010) in restricting the name H. mercatorius to island populations within this clade, with continental populations remaining under the name H. mabouia until the taxonomy of this species complex is resolved. As of 2020 work to understand the systematics of this complex are ongoing; current evidence from the Seychelles suggests that an ancient native lineage occurs in Aldabra but that the population from Mahé represents the widespread African island species and - as suggested by Rocha et al. (2010) - is an introduction on this island." 174118,Lygodactylus chobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,chobiensis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1932", 174136,Trachylepis lacertiformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,lacertiformis,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)",The status of the Angolan population in relation to conspecifics elsewhere requires further investigation (Marques et al. 2018) 174137,Trachylepis punctatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,punctatissima,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)", 176243,Monopeltis anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,anchietae,,,,,"(Bocage, 1873)", 176247,Zygaspis kafuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,kafuensis,,,,,"Broadley & Broadley, 1997", 176248,Zygaspis nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,nigra,,,,,"Broadley & Gans, 1969", 176274,Amblyodipsas ventrimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,ventrimaculata,,,,,"(Roux, 1907)", 176849,Lycodonomorphus subtaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,subtaeniatus,,,,,"Laurent, 1954", 176850,Lycodonomorphus whytii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,whytii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)","Spawls et al. (2002) followed FitzSimons (1963) in considering Lycodonomorphus obscuriventris a subspecies of L. whytii. Rasmussen (2004) subsequently examined the taxonomy of this species in detail, redescribing L. whytii and accepting the opinion of Broadley (1995) that the poorly-diagnosed L. obscuriventris should be treated as a distinct species.  This latter scheme is followed here." 176852,Lycophidion hellmichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,hellmichi,,,,,"Laurent, 1964", 176853,Lycophidion nanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,nanum,,,,,"(Broadley, 1958)",Broadley (1996) synonymized Cryptolycus with Lycophidion. 177446,Prosymna angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,angolensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1915","This is a nomen novum for Prosymna frontalis (Bocage, 1895; pre-occupied)." 177449,Psammophis subtaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,subtaeniatus,,,,,"Peters, 1882",


164904938,Thelotornis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thelotornis,capensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849","Two subspecies are recognised, namely Thelotornis capensis capensis and T. c. oatesii." 177482,Platysaurus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,torquatus,,,,,"Peters, 1879", 177526,Platysaurus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,intermedius,,,,,"Matschie, 1891","Previous (Scott et al. 2004) and current (S. Keogh et al. unpubl. data) phylogenetic work suggests that the Platysaurus intermedius complex will undergo significant taxonomic change and potentially some of the subspecies may warrant being raised to full species. For example, a phylogeny (Scott et al. 2004) placed Platysaurus intermedius wilhelmi in a clade with P. lebomboensis, separate from P. i. intermedius. Furthermore, P. i. rhodesianus is in a clade with P. imperator and P. torquatus, rather than with P. i. intermedius and other P. intermedius subspecies, and P. lebomboensis, P. minor, P. monotropis and P. orientalis. In addition, P. i. rhodesianus is widespread, with some populations separated by significant physical barriers (e.g. the Limpopo River) that are expected to constrain gene flow. Also, a number of populations show significant morphological variation, suggesting that P. i. rhodesianus may represent a species complex." 177573,Platysaurus pungweensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,pungweensis,,,,,"Broadley, 1959","This species has two subspecies: Platysaurus pungweensis pungweensis Broadley, 1959 occurs in the eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and Mozambique. P. p. blakeii Broadley, 1964 is found on South Manica Platform in central Mozambique." 177588,Platysaurus imperator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,imperator,,,,,"Broadley, 1962", 161192926,Acontias plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,plumbeus,,,,,"Bianconi, 1849",Earlier molecular phylogenetic results placed Acontias plumbeus with other robust species in a restricted Acontias phylogeny (Daniels et al. 2006). More recent research (Lamb et al. 2010) demonstrates that it is also closely related to skinks formerly placed in Acontophiops and  Typhlosaurus sensu lato. The taxonomic status of isolated subpopulations in the Eastern Cape Province and on the eastern escarpment of Zimbabwe require investigation. Acontias poecilus has been synonymized with A. plumbeus (Zhao et al. 2019). 178247,Namibiana rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Namibiana,rostrata,,,,,"(Bocage, 1886)","Specimens from Kibwezi in Kenya were referred to this species by McDiarmid et al.(1999), but in a subsequent detailed taxonomic revision by Broadley and Wallach (2007) the same specimens were identified as Leptotyphlops scutifrons merkeri.

Given the difference in habitat and distance between the two disjunct subpopulations between Luanda and southern subpopulation  more detailed taxonomic revision is needed to confirm their con specificity." 161191713,Trachylepis bocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,bocagii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","There appears to be confusion between Trachylepis bocagei and other Eastern African striped skinks, particularly T. quinquetaeniata. This may have lead some authors to treat this species as being widespread from Angola to Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi." 178341,Cordylosaurus subtessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Cordylosaurus,subtessellatus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1844)","Branch and Bauer (1995) noted considerable variation in most characters used by FitzSimons (1943) to separate the subspecies C. trivittatus trivittatus and C. t. australis and supported Loveridge's (1942) contention that these taxa are referable to one variable species, namely C. subtessellatus.  Most authors subsequent to FitzSimons (1943) have followed Loveridge's (1942) taxonomy (e.g. Branch 1988, 1998)." 178531,Panaspis cabindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,cabindae,,,,,"(Bocage, 1866)", 178612,Nucras scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,scalaris,,,,,"Laurent, 1964", 178632,Ichnotropis grandiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ichnotropis,grandiceps,,,,,"Broadley, 1967", 178743,Chondrodactylus angulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Chondrodactylus,angulifer,,,,,"Peters, 1870",Possible sympatry between the Chondrodactylus angulifer namibensis and C. a. angulifer has been noted in the Sperrgebeit (Branch 1994) suggesting that these two subspecies may be valid species. 196967,Monopeltis leonhardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,leonhardi,,,,,"Werner, 1910", 196969,Monopeltis sphenorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,sphenorhynchus,,,,,"Peters, 1879",Monopeltis mauricei was previously considered to be a subspecies of M. sphenorhynchus (Broadley et al. 1976) but was raised to specific status by Broadley (2001). A specimen from Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park in the Northern Cape was tentatively referred to M. spenorhynchus by Bates et al. (2010) but its identification is uncertain. 196970,Zygaspis ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,ferox,,,,,"Broadley & Broadley, 1997", 196973,Zygaspis violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,violacea,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)",There is uncertainty about the taxonomic validity of this species. (Bates 2018) 13265692,Thelotornis usambaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thelotornis,usambaricus,,,,,"Broadley, 2001", 22473430,Rhinotyphlops lalandei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinotyphlops,lalandei,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)", 22473530,Rhinotyphlops schinzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinotyphlops,schinzi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1887)", 22476091,Afrotyphlops fornasinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,fornasinii,,,,,"(Bianconi, 1947)","

Previously known as Typhlops fornasinii, but placed in the endemic African genus Afrotyphlops by Broadley and Wallach (2009). The taxonomic status of the insular populations off the coast of Mozambique should be investigated using molecular phylogenetics, as should the population in southeastern Zimbabwe.

" 44979771,Leptotyphlops incognitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,incognitus,,,,,"Broadley & Watson, 1976","This species has a complicated taxonomic history. It was initially described as a subspecies of Leptotyphlops conjunctus (Broadley and Watson 1976), which itself has been treated as either a full species or a subspecies of the widespread L. scutifrons. It was raised to species status within the L. scutifrons species complex by Broadley and Broadley (1999). Recent molecular studies (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009) revealed numerous cryptic species within the L. scutifrons/conjunctus complex, including L. incognitus. Further studies, including those using DNA sequences from topotypic material (Mutare, Zimbabwe), are required to assess whether L. incognitus is composite. The current assessment is based on the latest concept of the species (Broadley and Broadley 1999)." 54049690,Gerrhosaurus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,auritus,,,,,"Boettger, 1887", 110133323,Xenocalamus sabiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Xenocalamus,sabiensis,,,,,"Broadley, 1971", 110168579,Naja annulifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,annulifera,,,,,"Peters, 1854","Previously considered a subspecies of Naja haje but elevated to species status (as N. annulifera annulifera) by Broadley (1995). Broadley and Wüster (2004) later showed that N. annulifera anchietae was a valid species, rendering N. annulifera monotypic." 120655699,Oxychilus viridescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,viridescens,,,,,"Frias Martins, Brito & Backeljau, 2013", 120659170,Nomascus annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Nomascus,annamensis,,,,,"Thinh, Mootnick, Vu Ngoc Thanh, Nadler & Roos, 2010","

Recent genetic and vocal studies confirmed the specific identity of the species which separates it from its closest congener, Nomascus gabriellae (Thinh et al. 2010a, 2010b, 2010c; Blair et al. 2011; Roos et al. 2013).

" 120684070,Dalophia gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Dalophia,gigantea,,,,,"(Peracca, 1903)", 120684774,Dalophia luluae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Dalophia,luluae,,,,,"(De Witte & Laurent, 1942)", 120684889,Monopeltis adercae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,adercae,,,,,"De Witte, 1953", 120684955,Monopeltis galeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,galeata,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1852)", 120685076,Monopeltis kabindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,kabindae,,,,,"De Witte & Laurent, 1942","There is a need to closely review the existing specimens allocated to this taxon, to better determine the distribution of the species." 120685192,Monopeltis remaclei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,remaclei,,,,,"De Witte, 1933", 120685324,Monopeltis scalper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,scalper,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 120685367,Monopeltis schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,schoutedeni,,,,,"De Witte, 1933", 120686258,Telescopus obtusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,obtusus,,,,,"(Reuss, 1834)","Crochet et al. (2008) proposed treating Telescopus obtusus and T. somalicus as subspecies of T. dhara, pending research into the systematics of this poorly-sampled genus although, noting ""distinct and constant morphological differences"", Geniez (2015) recognized T. obtusus as distinct from T. dhara, and T. somalicus as a subspecies of T. obtusus. Recently, Šmíd et al. (2019) conducted the first full-genus genetic analysis of Telescopus and found ""a considerable degree"" of variation that justified recognizing T. obtusus as a distinct species, and this arrangement is followed here. High levels of genetic variation in the resulting concepts of both T. obtusus and T. dhara suggests that diversity within this group in both the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa is likely to be underestimated (Šmíd et al. 2019). The status of T. somalicus remains unresolved as this taxon was not sampled; Šmíd et al. (2019) provisionally retain it as a subspecies of T. dhara, a species not otherwise known from Africa, however, it is unlikely to be referable to or closely-related to T. dhara (J. Šmíd pers. comm. 2019) and so this account follows Geniez (2015) in treating it as a subspecies of T. obtusus." 120689014,Trachylepis albotaeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,albotaeniata,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)", 120689680,Trachylepis makolowodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,makolowodei,,,,,"Chirio, Ineich, Schmitz & Lebreton, 2008", 120689705,Trachylepis mekuana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,mekuana,,,,,"(Chirio & Ineich, 2000)", 120689817,Trachylepis nganghae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,nganghae,,,,,"Ineich & Chrio, 2004", 120689852,Trachylepis pendeana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,pendeana,,,,,"(Ineich & Chirio, 2000)", 120689838,Aulonocara stuartgranti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,stuartgranti,,,,,"Meyer & Riehl, 1985", 120689911,Trachylepis principensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,principensis,,,,,"Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer, 2016", 120689935,Trachylepis pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,pulcherrima,,,,,"(De Witte, 1953)", 120690049,Trachylepis thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,thomensis,,,,,"Ceríaco, Marques & Bauer, 2016", 157291,Heremites auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Heremites,auratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species was transferred from Trachylepis to Heremites by Karin et al. (2016). 61586,Heremites vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Heremites,vittatus,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)","This species was transferred from Trachylepis to Heremites by Karin et al. (2016). As presently understood Heremites vittatus encompasses several allopatric, morphologically and genetically distinct lineages and it is likely that this is a species complex (Baier et al. 2017)." 120692926,Protomelas ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,ornatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 120696049,Labeotropheus artatorostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labeotropheus,artatorostris,,,,,"Pauers, 2017", 120696704,Lethrinops marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,marginatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1926", 120706533,Argia fumigata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,fumigata,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 120728128,Taeniolethrinops macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Taeniolethrinops,macrorhynchus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 120730332,Protomelas taeniolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,taeniolatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 4261,Cervus hanglu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Cervus,hanglu,,,,,"Wagner, 1844","For many years the Red Deer complex, including European and North African Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Tarim Red Deer and Eastern Asian and North American Wapiti (C. canadensis) were considered as one species. Several genetic studies have recently tried to clarify the taxonomy of this species complex, but their results are not always concordant.

Although Grubb (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) included canadensis in C. elaphus, sharing this conclusion with most taxonomists of 20th century, all original scientific papers published since 1995 have concluded that C. elaphus and C. canadensis are two valid species regardless of whether this conclusion was based on comparison of molecular (Kuwuyama and Ozawa 1999, Randi et al. 2001, Ludt et al. 2004, Pitra et al. 2004, Zhang and Zhang 2012, Liu et al. 2013, Lorenzini and Garofolo 2015), or ethological data (Cap et al. 2008, Frey and Riede 2013, Pereladova 2013). Based on morphological data this was suggested earlier by several authors, e.g. Lydekker (1898), Flerov (1952) and Geist (1998) and both recent reviews on cervid taxonomy are in line with this opinion (Groves and Grubb 2011, Mattioli 2011).

Recent analysis of the Cervus group (Lorenzini and Garofolo 2015, Mukesh et al. 2015, Kumar et al. 2016) have provided the first indications of another, fourth species (including Cervus nippon sensu latu). Mitochondrial complete cytochrome b and control region sequences were analysed under a Bayesian coalescent framework to derive phylogeny, with particular attention on populations from Central Asia. The resultant phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that, after excision of C. canadensis, red deer are differentiated  into two robust monophyletic clades corresponding to the western and eastern part of the range. At the species level, molecular data suggested this fourth species should be recognized as the Tarim Red Deer from Central Asia, including the populations from the Yarkand-Tarim and Bukhara regions and Indian Kashmir, which were formerly considered as subspecies of C. elaphus (C. e yarkandensis, C .e. bactrianus and C. e. hanglu, respectively).

Lorenzini and Garofolo (2015) suggest this taxon should be recognized as the Tarim Red Deer Cervus hanglu Wagner, 1844, as the name with priority over C. yarkandensis or C. bactrianus. This group forms a part of the western clade and appears to have diverged from C. elaphus during the middle Pleistocene, at a similar time as C. nippon diverged from C. canadensis. The genetic distinctiveness of the Tarim Red Deer group is supported by previous mitochondrial studies (Ludt et al. 2004, Pitra et al. 2004, Mukesh et al. 2015). Further investigations need to be conducted from additional molecular sources and nuclear coding genes as well as verification of morphology from museum specimens, before the elevation of the Tarim Red Deer to species level can be confirmed (Lorenzini and Garofalo 2015). Cervus hanglu was elevated to species level for the purpose of the IUCN Red List assessment in 2016. However, it should be noted that future clarification on genetic relatedness, especially studies with nuclear markers and a more formal morphological description, may lead to further revisions to the taxonomuy of this provisional species, as more information becomes available.

C. h. bactrianus and C. h. yarkandensis were not supported as distinct subspecies by molecular data (Lorenzini and Garofolo 2015). However, we refer to them throughout this account for ease of recognition
C. h. hanglu Wagner 1844 (N India (Kashmir))
C. h. bactrianus (W Turkestan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and N Afghanistan)
C. h. yarkandensis (E Turkestan (S Xinjiang, China))" 120778360,Metriaclima zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,zebra,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 61150,Metriaclima purum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,purum,,,,,"(Stauffer, 1991)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Maylandia pursa (Metriaclima pursus). This name was corrected to Metriaclima purum by Stauffer et al. (2013). 120779056,Diploderma flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,flaviceps,,,,,"(Barbour & Dunn, 1919)", 120818022,Metriaclima pyrsonotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,pyrsonotos,,,,,"Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997", 18601,Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Pseudoscaphirhynchus,kaufmanni,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)", 120684014,Agama mucosoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,mucosoensis,,,,,"Hellmich, 1957", 120684027,Dalophia angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Dalophia,angolensis,,,,,"Gans, 1976", 120684046,Dalophia ellenbergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Dalophia,ellenbergeri,,,,,"(Angel, 1920)", 120684117,Dalophia longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Dalophia,longicauda,,,,,"(Werner, 1915)", 120684142,Monopeltis luandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,luandae,,,,,"Gans, 1976", 120685119,Monopeltis perplexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,perplexus,,,,,"Gans, 1976", 120685216,Monopeltis rhodesiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,rhodesiana,,,,,"Broadley, Gans & Visser, 1976", 120685452,Monopeltis welwitschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,welwitschii,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)", 120685480,Monopeltis zambezensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,zambezensis,,,,,"Gans & Broadley, 1974", 120685484,Zygaspis maraisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,maraisi,,,,,"Broadley & Measey, 2016",No notable taxonomic issues. 120686019,Mopanveldophis zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mopanveldophis,zebrinus,,,,,"(Broadley & Schätti, 2000)", 120686228,Telescopus finkeldeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,finkeldeyi,,,,,"Haacke, 2013", 120686294,Afroedura gorongosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,gorongosa,,,,,"Branch, Guyton, Schmitz, Barej, Naskrecki, Farooq, Verburgt & Rödel, 2017","Broadley (1966) was the first to refer to the Afroedura on Mount Gorongosa under the name Afroedura transvaalica, but did not evaluate the taxonomy of this population. It was subsequently described as a new species by Branch et al. (2017)." 120686334,Narudasia festiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Narudasia,festiva,,,,,"Methuen & Hewitt, 1914", 120686337,Pachydactylus angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,angolensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1944",The taxonomy of this species is unstable and cryptic diversity occurs and the taxon is under revision (L. Ceríaco pers. comm. 2019). 120686363,Pachydactylus griffini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,griffini,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006", 120686373,Rhoptropus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,afer,,,,,"Peters, 1869", 120686379,Rhoptropus barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,barnardi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1926",The biporosus-barnardi complex of the genus Rhoptropus is in need of taxonomic revision. 120686431,Rhoptropus biporosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,biporosus,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1957",The biporosus-barnardi complex of the genus Rhoptropus is in need of taxonomic revision. 120686434,Rhoptropus boultoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,boultoni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1933", 120686445,Rhoptropus bradfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,bradfieldi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1935","With the recognition of Rhoptropus diporus, R. bradfieldi is a paraphyletic taxon. Further taxonomic work may justify the recognition of coastal and inland populations as distinct species." 120686454,Rhoptropus diporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,diporus,,,,,"Haacke, 1965", 120686479,Rhoptropus taeniostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,taeniostictus,,,,,"Laurent, 1964", 120686509,Lycodonomorphus mlanjensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,mlanjensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1953", 120686569,Pythonodipsas carinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDASPIDIDAE,Pythonodipsas,carinata,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 120689061,Trachylepis monardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,monardi,,,,,"Marques, Ceríaco, Blackburn & Bauer, 2018","This species was until recently known as Trachylepis angolensis (Monard, 1937). This name is, however, preoccupied by Euprepis angolensis Bocage, 1872 (a neglected name of uncertain identity which, following Boulenger 1887, Marques et al. (2018) provisionally treat as a junior synonym of T. varia). Marques et al. (2018) consequently coined the replacement name Trachylepis monardi. Ongoing taxonomic revisions suggest that T. monardi is likely a junior synonym of T. wahlbergi.
" 120689177,Trachylepis binotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,binotata,,,,,"(Bocage, 1867)", 120689287,Trachylepis chimbana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,chimbana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)",Ongoing taxonomic revision of this species (as of 2019) will likely result in a split into more than one form. Extralimital records ascribed to this species refer to misidentifications or undescribed species. 120689402,Trachylepis hoeschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,hoeschi,,,,,"(Mertens, 1954)", 120689530,Trachylepis laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,laevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 120689788,Trachylepis mlanjensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,mlanjensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1953)", 120685398,Monopeltis vanderysti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,vanderysti,,,,,"De Witte, 1922", 120685561,Hypoptophis wilsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Hypoptophis,wilsonii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 120685869,Dasypeltis palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,palmarum,,,,,"(Leach, 1818)", 120686643,Limnophis bangweolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Limnophis,bangweolicus,,,,,"(Mertens, 1936)", 120686673,Limnophis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Limnophis,bicolor,,,,,"Günther, 1865", 120686710,Lubuya ivensii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lubuya,ivensii,,,,,"(Bocage, 1879)", 120692929,Atheris anisolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,anisolepis,,,,,"Mocquard, 1887","

This species is considered to be a junior synonym of Atheris squamigera by Lawson and Ustach (2000). They argued that one of the diagnostic traits between A. anisolepis and A. squamigera (number of rows of subocular scales) was in fact a sexually dimorphic trait within A. squamigera. However, Chippaux and Jackson (2019) note that other diagnostic morphological characteristics were not addressed by Lawson and Ustach (2000) and continued to recognize A. anisolepis as a valid species.

" 45954108,Batomys hamiguitan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Batomys,hamiguitan,,,,,"Balete, Heaney, Rickart, Quidlat & Ibanez, 2008", 121001523,Geomitra coronula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Geomitra,coronula,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)", 39394,Rhynchobatus djiddensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,djiddensis,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Rhynchobatus djiddensis is part of the Indo-West Pacific Rhynchobatus djiddensis species-complex. The name R. djiddensis has previously been used widely, leading to poorly-defined taxonomy and distributions for members of the complex (in particular, R. australiae, R. djiddensis, and R. laevis). Further investigation into the taxonomy of 'whitespotted wedgefish' is required, and additional species are likely to be described in the future." 77320262,Anomaloglossus surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,surinamensis,,,,,"Ouboter & Jairam, 2012", 77129706,Pomadasys commersonnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,commersonnii,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 2958,Brachionichthys hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Brachionichthys,hirsutus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1804)","

Brachionichthys australis and B. hirsutus are similar in appearance, but are confirmed to be separate species (Last et al. 2007).

" 190141,Gyrinomimus parri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Gyrinomimus,parri,,,,,"Bigelow, 1961","The genus Gyrinomimus is being revised by John Paxton (Moore et al. 2003)." 190277,Uncisudis advena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Uncisudis,advena,,,,,"(Rofen, 1963)","According to Ghedotti et al. (2015), this species should be placed in the family Lestidiidae." 190421,Cetomimus kerdops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetomimus,kerdops,,,,,"Parr, 1934", 190423,Lophotus capellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,LOPHOTIDAE,Lophotus,capellei,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","This species was previously referred to as Lophotus lacepede on the west coast of North America (Craig et al. 2004, Kells et al. 2016)." 47387347,Hoplostethus robustispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,robustispinus,,,,,"Moore & Dodd, 2010", 67962581,Ataxolepis apus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Ataxolepis,apus,,,,,Myers & Freihofer 1966, 41688,Ursus arctos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Ursus,arctos,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 121369896,Isthmura corrugata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Isthmura,corrugata,,,,,"Sandoval-Comte, Pineda-Arredeondo, Rovito & Luría-Manzano, 2017", 121383673,Ansonia khaochangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,khaochangensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Aowphol, Cota, Grismer, Murdoch, Aguilar & Grismer, 2016", 121384357,Megophrys liboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,liboensis,,,,,"(Zhang, Li, Xiao, Li, Pan, Wang, Zhang & Zhou, 2017)", 121384513,Andinobates victimatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Andinobates,victimatus,,,,,"Márquez, Mejía-Vargas, Palacios-Rodríguez, Ramírez-Castañeda & Amézquita, 2017", 121384906,Bolitoglossa yariguiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,yariguiensis,,,,,"Meza-Joya, Hernández-Jaimes & Ramos-Pallares, 2017", 121385062,Boulengerula spawlsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,spawlsi,,,,,"Wilkinson, Malonza, Campbell & Loader, 2017", 8218,Plestiodon longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,longirostris,,,,,"Cope, 1861", 50009685,Pholidoscelis atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,atratus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)", 50008994,Pholidoscelis auberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,auberi,,,,,"(Cocteau, 1838)", 178300,Pholidoscelis chrysolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,chrysolaemus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","Sixteen subspecies are currently recognized, but some may warrant elevation to full-species status (Gifford et al. 2004). 

Subspecies: 
Pholidoscelis chrysolaema chrysolaema Cope, 1868 
P. c. abbotti Noble, 1923 
P. c. alacris Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  boekeri Mertens, 1938 
P. c.  defensor Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  evulsa Schwartz, 1973 
P. c.  ficta Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  jacta Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  parvoris Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  procax Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  quadrijugis Schwartz, 1968 
P. c.  regularis Fischer, 1888 
P. c.  richardthomasi Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  secessa Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  umbratilis Schwartz & Klinikowski, 1966 
P. c.  woodi Cochran, 1934." 1119,Pholidoscelis cineraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,cineraceus,,,,,"(Barbour & Noble, 1915)", 174138,Pholidoscelis corax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,corax,,,,,"(Censky & Paulson, 1992)", 174139,Pholidoscelis corvinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,corvinus,,,,,"(Cope, 1861)", 50009027,Pholidoscelis dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 50009799,Pholidoscelis erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,erythrocephalus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 50009074,Pholidoscelis exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,exsul,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 50009821,Pholidoscelis griswoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,griswoldi,,,,,"(Barbour, 1916)", 178398,Pholidoscelis lineolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,lineolatus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","Subspecies:
P. lineolatus lineolatus Duméril & Bibron, 1839
P. l. beatensis Noble, 1923
P. l.  meraculus Schwartz, 1966
P. l.  perplicatus Schwartz, 1966
P. l.  privignus Schwartz, 1966
P. l.  semotus Schwartz, 1966." 1120,Pholidoscelis major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,major,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 178579,Pholidoscelis maynardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,maynardii,,,,,"(Garman, 1888)","Subspecies:
P. maynardii maynardii Garman, 1888
P.  maynardii parvinaguae Barbour & Shreve, 1936
P.  maynardii uniformis Noble & Klingel, 1932." 50009857,Pholidoscelis plei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,plei,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 50009874,Pholidoscelis pluvianotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,pluvianotatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1887)", 1118,Pholidoscelis polops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,polops,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 50009202,Pholidoscelis taeniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,taeniurus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)", 50009293,Pholidoscelis wetmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Pholidoscelis,wetmorei,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1913)", 12519,Lynx lynx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Lynx,lynx,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Currently, the following six subspecies of the Eurasian Lynx are proposed (von Arx et al. 2004, Breitenmoser and Breitenmoser-Würsten 2008, Kitchener et al. 2017):

- Northern Lynx L. l. lynx: northern Europe and western Siberia (Scandinavia, Finland, Belarus, Baltic states, European part of Russia, Ural, Siberia east to the Yenisei River).

- Carpathian Lynx L. l. carpathicus: Carpathian Mountains.

- Balkan Lynx L. l. balcanicus: Balkans (Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo).

- Caucasus Lynx L. l. dinniki: Caucasus Mountains south to Turkey, Iraq and Iran, formerly also in the Kopet-Dag, Turkmenistan.

- Turkestan Lynx L. l. isabellinus: Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, China, India, Nepal, Bhutan).

- Siberian Lynx L. l. wrangeli: Siberia east of the Yenisei River (Russia).

Three further subspecies have been described that need further investigation and clarification:

- Altai Lynx L. l. wardi: Altai Mountains (Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia).

- Baikal Lynx L. l. kozlovi: Central Siberia, from the Yenisei River to Lake Baikal.

- Amur Lynx L. l. stroganovi: Russian Far East, Ussuri and Amur territories, North Korea, northeastern China (Manchuria)." 22684954,Prioniturus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,montanus,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1895", 2750,Bellamya phthinotropis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,phthinotropis,,,,,"(Martens, 1892)","This was considered as a subspecies of B. unicolor by Mandahl-Barth (1954) and re-instated as a distinct species by Brown (1994). With its large size and thin shell, it differes from all other Victorian viviparids. It must probably be lowered in taxonomic rank to 'ecotype' or at best 'subspecies', as all other 'endemic' Victorian Bellamya species (see Sengupta et al. 2009), but  B. phtinotropis was not included in their molecular analysis because, in spite of intense research in the type area (A. Jorgensen pers. comm. 2014), no live specimens were found." 184516,Ceratophallus concavus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,concavus,,,,,"(Mandahl-Bath, 1954)","The Afrotropical genus Ceratophallus consists of 12 small planorbid snails, most of which are restricted to rift lakes (Brown 1994). The generic position of three of these Ceratophallus species remains uncertain. The highest species diversity is found in the Victoria Basin and Lake Victoria proper. In addition to four species that are endemic to the lake and lake shore, namely C. kisumiensis, C. subtilis, C. concavus and C. crassus, the widespread C. natalensis and C. kigeziensis also occur in the Lake Victoria basin." 184702,Gabbiella barthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,barthi,,,,,"(Brown, 1980)",Morphologically this is a very distinctive species. 19945,Scapteromys tumidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Scapteromys,tumidus,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1837)",Will be transferred to family Cricetidae. 61521,Teira dugesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Teira,dugesii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1829)", 18201,Procambarus horsti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,horsti,,,,,"Hobbs & Means, 1972", 2431,Austropotamobius torrentium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ASTACIDAE,Austropotamobius,torrentium,,,,,"(Schrank, 1803)","Three subspecies are known: Austropotamobius torrentium torrentium, A. t. danubicus, and A. t. macedonicus." 14085,Myocastor coypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MYOCASTORIDAE,Myocastor,coypus,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 9198,Glacicavicola bathyscioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LEIODIDAE,Glacicavicola,bathyscioides,,,,,"Westcott, 1968", 191108,Anguilla rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,rostrata,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)","Historically, it has been proposed that American Eels (Anguilla rostrata) and European Eels (A. anguilla) may be conspecific (vertebral count differences were believed to be entirely ecophenotypic); this has now been shown to be incorrect by several studies. Separate species status has been confirmed by demonstrations that American and European Eels comprise two largely separate gene pools (see Avise et al. 1990, Bastrop et al. 2000, Avise 2003, Bernatchez et al. 2011). Eels in Iceland include, in low frequency, the products of hybridisation between American and European Eels (Avise et al. 1990, Avise 2003, Albert et al. 2006, Pujolar et al. 2014). Phylogenies of the genus Anguilla based on mitochondrial DNA have shown the two species to be distinct, although more closely related than most species of the genus (Aoyama et al. 2001, Minegishi et al. 2005)." 712,Ailuropoda melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Ailuropoda,melanoleuca,,,,,"(David, 1869)","The Qinling Mountains population is a distinctive genetic cluster and is significantly different from other mountain populations (Lü et al. 2001, Zhang, B. et al. 2007), diverging ~0.3 million years ago, corresponding with the onset of the Penultimate Glaciation (Zhao et al. 2013). Some argue that it should be considered a separate subspecies (Wan et al. 2003, 2005), although subspecies designation is controversial and not widely accepted. Nonetheless, there is greater consensus that this population should be managed as a conservation unit to retain genetic structure and any localized adaptation." 57149,Leptodactylus nesiotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,nesiotus,,,,,"Heyer, 1994", 77129484,Plectorhinchus playfairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,playfairi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1914)", 77130370,Pomadasys furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,furcatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Individuals from India and Indonesia appear to be genetically distinct from individuals from South Africa and Madagascar (BOLD www.barcodinglife.org, double check correct citation); additional material is needed to determine whether these specimens represent two distinct species and to determine the limits of their respective distributions." 88090870,Aethiothemis modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Aethiothemis,modesta,,,,,"(Ris, 1910)", 67963992,Himantolophus mauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,mauli,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 67964577,Linophryne arcturi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,arcturi,,,,,"(Beebe, 1926)", 67964842,Linophryne brevibarbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,brevibarbata,,,,,"Beebe, 1932", 190483,Linophryne macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,macrodon,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 68284296,Halieutichthys caribbaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutichthys,caribbaeus,,,,,"Garman, 1896", 68284350,Halieutaea fitzsimonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,fitzsimonsi,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1916)","Halieutaea liogaster was listed as junior synonym of H. fitzsimonsi, but is now recognized as valid in a forthcoming publication (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)" 190272,Oneirodes macronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,macronema,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)", 190187,Oneirodes thysanema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,thysanema,,,,,"Pietsch & Seigel, 1980", 67966497,Puck pinnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Puck,pinnata,,,,,"Pietsch, 1978", 190303,Lasiognathus beebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Lasiognathus,beebei,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 122055033,Acanthogobius insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acanthogobius,insularis,,,,,Shibukawa & Taki 1996, 122055065,Acheilognathus tabira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,tabira,,,,,"Jordan & Thompson, 1914", 122055098,Biwia yodoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Biwia,yodoensis,,,,,"Kawase & Hosoya, 2010", 122055117,Cobitis kaibarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,kaibarai,,,,,"Nakajima, 2012", 122055145,Cobitis magnostriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,magnostriata,,,,,"Nakajima, 2012", 122055172,Cobitis sakahoko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,sakahoko,,,,,"Nakajima & Suzawa, 2015", 122055219,Cobitis takenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,takenoi,,,,,"Nakajima, 2016", 122055267,Gymnogobius cylindricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,cylindricus,,,,,"(Tomiyama, 1936)", 122055294,Gymnogobius scrobiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,scrobiculatus,,,,,"(Takagi, 1957)", 122055342,Luciogobius fluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luciogobius,fluvialis,,,,,"Kanagawa, Itai & Senou, 2011", 122055365,Luciogobius fonticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luciogobius,fonticola,,,,,"Kanagawa, Itai & Senou, 2011", 122055381,Luciogobius ryukyuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luciogobius,ryukyuensis,,,,,"Chen, Suzuki & Senou, 2008", 122055463,Oryzias sakaizumii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,sakaizumii,,,,,"Asai, Senou & Hosoya, 2012", 69130199,Parioglossus caeruleolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MICRODESMIDAE,Parioglossus,caeruleolineatus,,,,,"Suzuki, Yonezawa & Sakaue, 2010", 122055529,Parkraemeria saltator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Parkraemeria,saltator,,,,,"Suzuki & Senou, 2013", 122055564,Pseudorasbora pugnax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Pseudorasbora,pugnax,,,,,"Kawase & Hosoya, 2015", 122055606,Rhinogobius biwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,biwaensis,,,,,"Takahashi & Okazaki, 2017", 122055630,Rhinogobius ogasawaraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,ogasawaraensis,,,,,"Suzuki, Chen & Senou, 2012", 122055686,Sillago parvisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SILLAGINIDAE,Sillago,parvisquamis,,,,,"Gill, 1861", 122055851,Pseudaspius nakamurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudaspius,nakamurai,,,,,"(Doi & Shinzawa, 2000)", 9871,Hemicordulia ogasawarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,ogasawarensis,,,,,"Oguma, 1913", 10820,Indolestes boninensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,boninensis,,,,,"(Asahina, 1952)", 2875,Ischnura ezoin,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,ezoin,,,,,"(Asahina, 1952)","This species was previously regarded as Boninagrion ezoin, but this genus has been regarded as synonymous with Ischnura since 2012 (Karube et al. 2012)." 19511,Rhinocypha ogasawarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,ogasawarensis,,,,,"Matsumura & Oguma, 1913", 15198,Sarasaeschna kunigamiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,kunigamiensis,,,,,"(Ishida, 1972)", 168361,Sympetrum maculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,maculatum,,,,,"Oguma, 1922", 135785,Theloderma truongsonense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,truongsonense,,,,,"(Orlov & Ho, 2005)", 122146679,Argiolestes amphistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,amphistylus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949",The female of Argiolestes amphistylus has not been described.

122146695,Argiolestes australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,australis,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1832)", 122146829,Argiolestes celebensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,celebensis,,,,,"Kalkman, 2007",The female of Argiolestes celebensis is not known. 122146843,Argiolestes foja,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,foja,,,,,"Kalkman, Richards & Polhemus, 2010",The female of Argiolestes foja is not known. 122146864,Argiolestes macrostylis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,macrostylis,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 122146876,Argiolestes obiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,obiensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1956", 122146907,Argiolestes pallidistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,pallidistylus,,,,,"Selys, 1878",The female of Argiolestes pallidistylus is not known. 122146916,Argiolestes roon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,roon,,,,,"Kalkman, Richards & Polhemus, 2010",The female of Argiolestes roon is not known. 122149014,Celebargiolestes askewi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Celebargiolestes,askewi,,,,,"Kalkman, 2016", 122149143,Celebargiolestes cinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Celebargiolestes,cinctus,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 122149168,Celebargiolestes orri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Celebargiolestes,orri,,,,,"Kalkman, 2016", 122149240,Metagrion coartans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,coartans,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122149263,Metagrion convergens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,convergens,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)",The female of Metagrion convergens is unknown. 122149282,Metagrion fontinale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,fontinale,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122149658,Metagrion lamprostomum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,lamprostomum,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 122149715,Metagrion ornatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,ornatum,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 122149730,Metagrion pectitum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,pectitum,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 122149752,Metagrion postnodale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,postnodale,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 122149787,Metagrion sponsus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,sponsus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122149824,Metagrion subornatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,subornatum,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 163603,Podolestes coomansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,coomansi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 122149956,Podolestes chrysopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,chrysopus,,,,,"Selys, 1889", 122149966,Podolestes furcifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,furcifer,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1950", 122150132,Rhinoneura villosipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinoneura,villosipes,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915", 163787,Mortonagrion appendiculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,appendiculatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 122150550,Mortonagrion forficulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,forficulatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 78494566,Echinotriton maxiquadratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Echinotriton,maxiquadratus,,,,,"Hou, Wu, Yang, Zheng, Yuan & Li, 2014", 78500586,Feihyla fuhua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Feihyla,fuhua,,,,,"Fei, Ye, & Jiang, 2010", 78516708,Hynobius fucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,fucus,,,,,"Lai & Lue, 2008", 78516799,Hynobius glacialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,glacialis,,,,,"Lai & Lue, 2008", 78516909,Cynops glaucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,glaucus,,,,,"Yuan, Jiang, Ding, Zhang & Che, 2013", 78518292,Leptobrachella laui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,laui,,,,,"(Sung, Yang & Wang, 2014)","This is a split from the broader concept of Leptobrachella liui, and is now considered a sister species." 78519396,Megophrys acuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,acuta,,,,,"Wang, Li & Jin, 2014","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 78519846,Megophrys cheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,cheni,,,,,"(Wang & Liu, 2014)", 78519850,Megophrys jinggangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,jinggangensis,,,,,"(Wang, 2012)", 78520013,Megophrys lini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,lini,,,,,"(Wang & Yang, 2014)", 78520054,Megophrys obesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,obesa,,,,,"Wang, Li & Zhao, 2014", 78520071,Megophrys tuberogranulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,tuberogranulata,,,,,"Shen, Mo & Li, 2010", 78521671,Odorrana cangyuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,cangyuanensis,,,,,"(Yang, 2008)", 78528777,Pachytriton archospotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,archospotus,,,,,"Shen, Shen & Mo, 2008", 78528792,Pachytriton changi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,changi,,,,,"Nishikawa, Matsui & Jiang, 2012",Pachytriton xanthospilos has been removed from synonymy of this species (Wu et al. 2012). 78528858,Pachytriton feii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,feii,,,,,"Nishikawa, Jiang & Matsui, 2011", 78528868,Pachytriton moi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,moi,,,,,"Nishikawa, Jiang & Matsui, 2011", 78529967,Paramesotriton maolanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,maolanensis,,,,,"Gu, Chen, Tian, Li & Ran, 2012", 78531031,Paramesotriton qixilingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,qixilingensis,,,,,"Yan, Zhao, Jiang, Hou, He, Murphy & Che, 2014",This is a split from the broader concept of Paramesotriton chinensis (Yuan et al. 2014). No record of P. chinensis currently exists from the same locality as P. qixilingensis (Yuan et al. 2014). 78531041,Paramesotriton yunwuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,yunwuensis,,,,,"Wu, Jiang & Hanken, 2010", 78532178,Paramesotriton zhijinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,zhijinensis,,,,,"Li, Tian & Gu, 2008", 78585243,Rhacophorus laoshan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,laoshan,,,,,"Mo, Jiang, Xie & Ohler, 2008", 78586157,Scutiger wuguanfui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,wuguanfui,,,,,"Jiang, Rao, Yuan, Wang, Li, Hou, Che & Che, 2012", 78586429,Theloderma baibungense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,baibungense,,,,,"(Jiang, Fei & Huang, 2009)","Provisional generic placement based on statement of relationship to Theloderma albopunctatum. 

Subpopulations, previously assigned to T. albopunctatum have now been reallocated to this species." 78586683,Tylototriton dabienicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,dabienicus,,,,,"Chen, Wang & Tao, 2010 ","This is a split from the broader concept of Tylototriton wenxianensis. The subspecies of T. wenxianensis from the north Dabie Mountains in Henan Province has been elevated to T. dabienicus according to Shen et al. 2012. Tylototriton anhuiensis was previously confused with this species, so subpopulations from Anhui Province that were previously attributed to T. dabienicus are now assigned to T. anhuiensis (Qian et al. 2017)." 78586709,Tylototriton liuyangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,liuyangensis,,,,,"Yang, Jiang, Shen & Fei, 2014 ", 78586743,Tylototriton lizhengchangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,lizhengchangi,,,,,"Hou, Zhang, Jiang, Li & Lu, 2012", 78587007,Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,pseudoverrucosus,,,,,"Hou, Gu, Zhang, Zeng & Lu, 2012 ", 78587030,Tylototriton yangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,yangi,,,,,"Hou, Zhang, Zhou, Li & Lu, 2012 ", 79075338,Cynops fudingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,fudingensis,,,,,"Wu, Wang, Jiang & Hanken, 2010", 79100197,Onychodactylus zhangyapingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,zhangyapingi,,,,,"Che, Poyarkov & Yan, 2012",This is a split from the broader concept of Onychodactylus fischeri (Poyarkov et al. 2012). 79101500,Paramesotriton wulingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Paramesotriton,wulingensis,,,,,"Wang, Tian & Gu, 2013",This is a split from the broader concept of Paramesotriton caudopunctatus (Wang et al. 2013). 79123553,Pseudohynobius jinfo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Pseudohynobius,jinfo,,,,,"Wei, Xiong & Zeng, 2009",This is a split from the broader concept of Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus (Wei et al. 2009). 79721674,Cynops yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,yunnanensis,,,,,"Yang, 1983",Removed from synonymy with Cynops cyanurus by Dubois and Raffaëlli (2012). 82410392,Liuixalus feii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Liuixalus,feii,,,,,"Yang, Rao & Wang, 2015",This species has been synonymized with Liuixalus jinxiuensis by Pham et al. (2018). 82462705,Bufo tuberospinius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,tuberospinius,,,,,"(Yang, Liu & Rao, 1996)",This species was removed as a synonym of Bufo burmanus by Yang and Rao (2008) where it had been placed by Yang et al. (1996) (according to Rao et al. (1998)). Frost (2019) notes that these authors either disagreed with or missed that Bufo burmanus was placed in the synonymy of Bufo pageoti by Dubois and Ohler (1999). This species was previously listed on the IUCN Red List as a synonym of Bufo pageoti (J. Luedtke pers. comm. August 2015). 58554,Odorrana bacboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,bacboensis,,,,,"(Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Cuc, 2003)", 88095621,Zhangixalus wui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,wui,,,,,"(Li, Liu, Chen, Wu, Murphy, Zhao, Wang & Zhang, 2012)",This is a split from the broader concept of Rhacophorus hui (Li et al. 2012). This species has been moved from Rhacophorus to Zhangixalus (Jiang et al. 2019). 88383857,Pachytriton granulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,granulosus,,,,,"Chang, 1933", 88384145,Pachytriton inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,inexpectatus,,,,,"Nishikawa, Jiang, Matsui, & Mo, 2011", 88990198,Zhangixalus leucofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,leucofasciatus,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1962)",This species has been resurrected from the synonymy of Rhacophorus dennysi (Fei et al. 2009). 89100526,Pachytriton xanthospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,xanthospilos,,,,,"Wu, Wang, & Hanken, 2012","This is a split from the broader concept of Pachytriton changi, which has been removed from synonymy with this species (Wu et al. 2012)." 89186612,Liuixalus shiwandashan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Liuixalus,shiwandashan,,,,,"Li, Mo, Jiang, Xie, & Jiang, 2015", 163734,Dysphaea ethela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,ethela,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 163748,Dysphaea lugens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,lugens,,,,,"(Sélys, 1873)","

Dysphaea lugens is very similar in general appearance to the other two Dysphaea species that occur in Borneo and until the revision of Hämäläinen et al. (2015) had frequently been confused with them, because of this many records of this species in the literature prior to 2015 actually refer to other species.

" 122208760,Dysphaea ulu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,ulu,,,,,"Hämäläinen, Dow & Stokvis, 2015",Dysphaea ulu is very similar in general appearance to the other two Dysphaea species that occur in Borneo and until its description (Hämäläinen et al. 2015) had been misidentified as D. dimidiata. 122208764,Dysphaea vanida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,vanida,,,,,"Hämäläinen, Dow & Stokvis, 2015",

Until recently Dysphaea vanida was considered to be a northern variant of D. dimidiata but it was shown to be a distinct species by Hämäläinen et al. 2015.

122209234,Euphaea ameeka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,ameeka,,,,,"van Tol & Norma-Rashid, 1995", 122209272,Euphaea inouei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,inouei,,,,,"Asahina, 1977","

Euphaea inouei was described from specimens from southern Vietnam (Asahina 1977) as a subspecies of E. guerini Rambur, 1842, and has also been treated as a subspecies of E. masoni Selys, 1879 and as a good species. The issue of the relationship of E, inouei to E. masoni has never been properly resolved (M. Hämäläinen personal communication 2018) and, for instance, Phan et al. (2018) did not attempt to separate their Vietnamese material into E. masoni and E. inouei. For assessment purposes only the type specimens of E. guerini inouei and other material from the holotype site (Thac Bobla in Lam Dong Province) is treated as belonging to E. inouei and all other material is left out of consideration until the taxonomic issues are resolved; this is not a judgement on other records, but a Red List assessment is not the place to attempt to solve the taxonomic issues surrounding this taxa and any other course of action would be premature and likely to add further to the confusion surrounding this taxon.

" 122209277,Euphaea lara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,lara,,,,,"Krüger, 1898","

Two subspecies of Euphaea lara are recognised, E. l. lara from Sumba and E. l. lombockensis known from others of the Lesser Sunda Islands.

" 122209429,Euphaea modigliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,modigliani,,,,,"Selys, 1898", 122209654,Euphaea subnodalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,subnodalis,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1915)", 122209665,Euphaea tricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,tricolor,,,,,"Selys, 1859", 122209669,Euphaea variegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,variegata,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 122210147,Leptogomphus lansbergei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,lansbergei,,,,,"Selys, 1878","Two subspecies of Leptogomphus lansbergei are recognised, the nominate subspecies from Java and L. l. assimilis Krüger 1898 from Sumatra. Ris (1927) noted that the anal appendages of the two subspecies differ, as noted in Dow et al. (2017), if this is true then probably they should be treated as distinct species. However for the purposes of assessment they are treated as a single species until the matter has been investigated more closely." 122210222,Leptogomphus tioman,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,tioman,,,,,"Choong, 2016", 163836,Rhyacocnemis prothoracica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Rhyacocnemis,prothoracica,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1987", 163840,Nososticta plagioxantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,plagioxantha,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 163842,Palaiargia halcyon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,halcyon,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 163852,Agriocnemis aderces,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,aderces,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 163859,Nososticta nigrifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,nigrifrons,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)",Only known from the male holotype. 163870,Hylaeargia magnifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Hylaeargia,magnifica,,,,,"Michalski, 1995", 163877,Bironides teuchestes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bironides,teuchestes,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 163882,Thaumatagrion funereum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Thaumatagrion,funereum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 163909,Nososticta finisterrae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,finisterrae,,,,,"(Foerster, 1897)", 163912,Hemicordulia hilbrandi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,hilbrandi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 163923,Diplacina cyrene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,cyrene,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 163928,Drepanosticta lepyricollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,lepyricollis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163930,Bironides superstes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bironides,superstes,,,,,"Foerster, 1903", 163934,Cyanocnemis aureofrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Cyanocnemis,aureofrons,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 163945,Drepanosticta conica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,conica,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)", 122146873,Argiolestes muller,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,muller,,,,,"Kalkman, Richards & Polhemus, 2010", 122146922,Argiolestes tuberculiferus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,tuberculiferus,,,,,"Michalski & Oppel, 2010", 122149221,Metagrion aurantiacum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,aurantiacum,,,,,"(Ris, 1898)", 122149632,Metagrion fornicatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,fornicatum,,,,,"(Theischinger & Richards, 2007)", 122149651,Metagrion indentatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,indentatum,,,,,"(Theischinger & Richards, 2006)", 122149666,Metagrion montivagans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,montivagans,,,,,"(Förster, 1900)", 122149685,Metagrion ochrostomum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,ochrostomum,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 122149877,Metagrion verrucatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,verrucatum,,,,,"(Michalski & Oppel, 2010)", 122212735,Podopteryx roseonotata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podopteryx,roseonotata,,,,,"Selys, 1871", 122213437,Pyrrhargiolestes lamington,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Pyrrhargiolestes,lamington,,,,,"Kalkman & Theischinger, 2013", 122213441,Pyrrhargiolestes sidonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Pyrrhargiolestes,sidonia,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)", 122217278,Pyrrhargiolestes yela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Pyrrhargiolestes,yela,,,,,"Kalkman & Theischinger, 2013", 122309207,Selysioneura aglaia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,aglaia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 122309229,Selysioneura capreola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,capreola,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 122309303,Selysioneura phasma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,phasma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932","

A population in southern Papua New Guinea might be this species (S. Richards pers. comm. 2017), however since there is some uncertainty on this at present and this population would represent a very large range extension, it is left out of the current assessment.

" 122309325,Selysioneura ranatra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,ranatra,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 122309363,Selysioneura stenomantis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,stenomantis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 122309380,Selysioneura thalia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,thalia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 122309418,Selysioneura umbratilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,umbratilis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 122309421,Selysioneura venilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,venilia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953",The male of Selysioneura venilia is not known. 122309501,Tanymecosticta capillaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Tanymecosticta,capillaris,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 122309542,Tanymecosticta jejuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Tanymecosticta,jejuna,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 122309580,Tanymecosticta simonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Tanymecosticta,simonae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1969", 163730,Indolestes anomalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,anomalus,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 122309627,Indolestes albicaudus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,albicaudus,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1895)", 122309653,Indolestes alfurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,alfurus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1960", 122309681,Indolestes aruanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,aruanus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1951", 122309771,Indolestes birmanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,birmanus,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)","

Kosterin & Poggi (2015) clarified that Indolestes birmanus is a distinct species, not a subspecies of I. gracilis.

" 122309844,Indolestes dajakanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,dajakanus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1948)", 195016,Conger orbignianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,CONGRIDAE,Conger,orbignianus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1837", 122447352,Agrionoptera sexlineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,sexlineata,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 122447366,Akrothemis risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Akrothemis,risi,,,,,"(Campion, 1915)",The female of Akrothemis risi is associated with the male only by (reasonable) supposition. This species was placed in Risiophlebia until recently (see Theischinger and Richards 2012) 163630,Amphithemis curvistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Amphithemis,curvistyla,,,,,"(Sélys, 1891)", 165541,Chalybeothemis fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Chalybeothemis,fluviatilis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 193931,Camacinia harterti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Camacinia,harterti,,,,,"Karsch, 1890", 122447386,Bironides liesthes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bironides,liesthes,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 122447404,Brachydiplax sollaarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachydiplax,sollaarti,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 122447440,Celebophlebia carolinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celebophlebia,carolinae,,,,,"van Tol, 1987", 122447447,Celebothemis delecollei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Celebothemis,delecollei,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 122447451,Chalybeothemis chini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Chalybeothemis,chini,,,,,"Dow, Choong & Orr, 2007", 122447455,Chalybeothemis pruinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Chalybeothemis,pruinosa,,,,,"Dow, Choong & Orr, 2007",

The female of Chalybeothemis pruinosa is not known.

122447473,Diplacina olahi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,olahi,,,,,"Theischinger & Kovács, 2015", 122447476,Diplacina phoebe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,phoebe,,,,,"Ris, 1919","

Three subspecies of Diplacina phoebe are recognised. The nominate subspecies is recorded from Buru and Seram, D. p. amoena is known from Bacan, Halmahera and Obi and D. p. phyrne from Ambon.

" 122447486,Huonia daphne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,daphne,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 122447492,Huonia hypsophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,hypsophila,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 122447495,Huonia rheophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,rheophila,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935","

Huonia rheophila is known from Halmahera and from Biak off the coast of New Guinea, there are no records from locations in between and in these circumstances there is some doubt over whether the records from Biak really refer to the same species.

" 122447498,Huonia silvicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,silvicola,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 122447501,Huonia thisbe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,thisbe,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 156416,Marmorana muralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Marmorana,muralis,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 122055162,Cobitis minamorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,minamorii,,,,,"Nakajima, 2012", 122055334,Luciogobius dormitoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luciogobius,dormitoris,,,,,"Shiogaki & Dotsu, 1976", 155630,Paludinella globularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Paludinella,globularis,,,,,"(Hanley, 1844)","Due to various issues with the identification of the type species of Paludinella littorina, the next available name is taken: P. globularis. Of course, the type locality changes also, from near Naples to Weymouth.

Kadolsky (2012) has shown that the real Helix littorina Delle Chiaje, 1828, was most probably based on small specimens of Melarhaphe neritoides (Linnaeus, 1758). However, Pfeiffer (1841) based the genus Paludinella on the taxonomic extension given to that name by Philippi (1836), i.e., a misidentified type species. For Paludinella littorina of authors, non Delle Chiaje, Kadolsky restored the name Paludinella globularis and, under Art. 70.3 of the Code, designated the latter as type species of Paludinella." 170536,Obscurella aprica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,aprica,,,,,"(Mousson, 1847)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170537,Obscurella asturica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,asturica,,,,,"(Raven, 1990)","The genus was revised by Gofas (2001). Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170539,Obscurella bicostulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,bicostulata,,,,,"(Gofas, 1989)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170542,Obscurella conica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,conica,,,,,"(Vallot, 1801)","According to Fauna Europaea and Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel (based probably on Falkner et al. 2002) it is a distinct species. In the view of Germain (1931: p.576) and Gofas (2001), however, it is the synonym of C. obscurum. This assessment is made on the basis of INPN records, however, as Cochlostoma is revised, a reconsideration of this assessment might be necessary.

Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma to Obscurella.

There are three different opinions on the identity (and distributions) of O. crassilabrum, obscura, and conica. Gofas (2001) considers there to be two species in the Pyrenees (crassilabrum and obscura), and one of these two (obscura) also occurs in central France (with conica as a synonym of obscura).

Falkner et al. (2002) considers there to be one species in the Pyrenees (obscura, with crassilabrum as its synonym), and the second one in central France (conica).

MolluscaBase (Bank pers. comm. 2017) considers two species in the Pyrenees (crassilabrum and obscura) and a third species in central France (conica). This opinion is based on the dendrograms provided by Gofas (2001), which show that there are, based on allozyme data, three clusters: “obscurum” from Arcy, Aisy and Massangis (all records from central France = conica), “obscurum” from Pau and St. Martory (all records from the Pyrenees = obscura), and “crassilabrum” (all records from the Pyrenees = crassilabrum). An additional argument to treat the taxon from central France as a separate species is also the large distribution gap between the populations from Central France and the Pyrenees (about 500 km)." 170550,Obscurella gigas,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,gigas,,,,,"(Gofas & Backeljau, 1994)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170554,Obscurella hidalgoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,hidalgoi,,,,,"(Crosse, 1864)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170559,Obscurella martorelli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,martorelli,,,,,"(Servain, 1880)","The latest revision was done by Gofas (2001), where three subspecies are distinguished: Cochlostoma martorelli martorelli, C. martorelli montisiccanus (Bofill, 1890) and C. martorelli esseranum (Fagot, 1888).

Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170563,Obscurella nouleti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,nouleti,,,,,"(Dupuy, 1851)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170569,Obscurella partioti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,partioti,,,,,"(Saint-Simon, 1848)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 170565,Obscurella oscitans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,oscitans,,,,,"(Gofas, 1989)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma (a primarily Asian genus) to Obscurella." 122558299,Obscurella obscura,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Obscurella,obscura,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1805)","Following MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017), this species was moved from Cochlostoma to Obscurella.

The taxon was previously assessed (as Cochlostoma obscurum) as including O. crassilabrum, which is now considered as a separate taxon.

There are three different opinions on the identity (and distributions) of O. crassilabrum, obscura, and conica. Gofas (2001) considers there to be two species in the Pyrenees (crassilabrum and obscura), and one of these two (obscura) also occurs in central France (with conica as a synonym of obscura).

Falkner et al. (2002) considers there to be one species in the Pyrenees (obscura, with crassilabrum as its synonym), and the second one in central France (conica).

MolluscaBase (Bank pers. comm. 2017) considers two species in the Pyrenees (crassilabrum and obscura) and a third species in central France (conica). This opinion is based on the dendrograms provided by Gofas (2001), which show that there are, based on allozyme data, three clusters: “obscurum” from Arcy, Aisy and Massangis (all from central France = conica), “obscurum” from Pau and St. Martory (all from the Pyrenees = obscura), and “crassilabrum” (all from the Pyrenees = crassilabrum). An additional argument to treat the taxon from central France as a separate species is also the large distribution gap between the populations from Central France and the Pyrenees (about 500 km)." 44191,Ctenosaura oedirhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,oedirhina,,,,,"de Queiroz, 1987","

Because this species was recently described, it is sometimes referenced in the literature as Ctenosaura bakeri or Enyaliosaura bakeri, the sister species it was split from.

" 42456,Marmota caligata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Marmota,caligata,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1829)","Hall (1981) treated M. broweri as a subspecies of M. caligata, but Jones et al. (1992) and Hoffman et al. (in Wilson and Reeder 1993) and Thorington and Hoffmann (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) recognized M. broweri and M. caligata as distinct species." 12873,Matrona japonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Matrona,japonica,,,,,"(Förster, 1897)","This species has traditionally been ranked as subspecies Matrona basilaris japonica, but now it is ranked as good species since 2011 (e.g., Hamalainen et al. 2011,Ozono et al. 2012)." 2377,Atrophaneura luchti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,luchti,,,,,"(Gray, 1852)","This species was previously considered part of the genus Atrophaneura (Hancock 1988). This species is very similar to Atrophaneura priapus and there were some doubts about its taxonomic status in the past (Collins and Morris 1985). Racheli and Cotton (2010) have now placed this species in the priapus group, alongside Atrophaneura priapus, A. hageni, and A. sycorax." 2379,Pachliopta schadenbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,schadenbergi,,,,,"Semper, 1891","This species was considered part of the polydorus species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs in Indo-Australia (Hancock 1988). However, since then the subgenus Pachliopta has been elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this treatment here.

This species has two subspecies; P. s. schadenbergi and P. s. micholitzi (Collins and Morris 1985, Treadaway 1995, Danielsen and Treadaway 2004)." 2797,Bhutanitis mansfieldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Bhutanitis,mansfieldi,,,,,(Riley 1939),"There are two subspecies, the nominate and rare mansfieldi and the more abundant pulchristriata Saigusa & Lee, 1982." 2798,Bhutanitis thaidina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Bhutanitis,thaidina,,,,,(Blanchard 1871),"There is some debate about the subspecies recognised for this species. Here, we follow Bollino and Racheli (2012) in recognising the nominate subspecies thaidina; subspecies hoenei Bryk,1938; and subspecies melli Bryk, 1938. The latter may be synonymised in future, although further examination of material is required, specifically in terms of melanic appearance. Other authorities recognize subspecies chonjiangensis Li 1994; however, here this is considered a synonym of hoenei (Bollino and Racheli 2012)." 15989,Papilio garleppi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,garleppi,,,,,"Staudinger, 1892","There are three subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies garleppi; subspecies interruptus (Staudinger, 1892); and subspecies lecerfi Brown & Lamas, 1994. It has been suggested in the past that P. garleppi could possibly be a hybrid between P. torquatus and P. astyalus, two sympatric species (Collins and Morris 1985). However, more recent studies treat it is a distinct species (e.g. Lewis 2010)." 16000,Chilasa moerneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Chilasa,moerneri,,,,,"Aurivillius, 1919","This species, previously under genus Papilio, is now considered under genus Chilasa (Tennent 2006)." 16249,Parnassius apollo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,apollo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","In Europe, there are many different subspecies, forms and aberrations noted for this species, presumably because of the very divided nature of the distribution area and as a consequence, large isolation of populations. Separated by mountains, the populations develop independently of one another, so that quite marked differences arise. However, it has been argued that “colour and pattern variation, including polymorphism, is quite common in butterflies, and its taxonomic value has been severely disputed, as it may, at least in part, result from phenotypic plasticity” (Todisco et al. 2010). The same paper highlights that in several instances, populations from different subspecies share similar or identical mtDNA, so have either recently diverged or are not different from one another (Todisco et al. 2010)." 16251,Parnassius autocrator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,autocrator,,,,,"Avinoff, 1913", 160028,Graphium dorcus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,dorcus,,,,,"(De Haan, 1840)","

The nominate subspecies dorcus occurs in northern Sulawesi; subspecies ventus Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980, and subspecies butungensis Hanafusa, 1997, were described from central Sulawesi and Buton Island respectively.

" 160662,Graphium deucalion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,deucalion,,,,,"Boisduval, 1836","Two or three subspecies are recognised for this species. The nominate subspecies occurs on Sulawesi, Halmahera, Bacan and Ternate (Indonesia), and subspecies marabuntana (Detani, 1983), is restricted to Kepulauan Banggai (Peleng). There is some difference of opinion as to whether felixi (Joicey & Noakes, 1915) (Biak) belongs with this species (as the third subspecies), with Graphium thule (Wallace, 1865) (Hancock 1980, Parsons 1998, Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003) or with G. leucadion (previously considered a subspecies of deucalion) as a separate species (Jan Moonen 2019, pers. comm.). C. Muller (pers. comm. 2010) states that it is closer, both geographically and phenotypically, to G. thule than to G. deucalion. This different classification does not affect the assessment as both G. thule and G. deucalion separately classify as Least Concern, irrespective of the assignment of felixi." 161120,Graphium meyeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,meyeri,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1874)","

There are two subspecies of this butterfly. The nominate occurs on the main island of Sulawesi and the island of Buton and Kepulauan Banggai (Peleng) while extremum Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980 was described from Kepulauan Sula (Sanana) (Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003).

" 174210,Parnassius mnemosyne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,mnemosyne,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 197314,Pachliopta jophon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,jophon,,,,,"(Gray, 1852)","This species was considered to belong to the genus Atrophaneura (Hancock 1988). The subgenus Pachliopta has since been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; LepIndex; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this here." 110516396,Battus laodamas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,laodamas,,,,,"(C.& R. Felder, 1859)","There are four distinct subspecies: B. l. laodamas (Rothschild and Jordan 1906), B. l. copanae (Reakirt 1863), B. l. iopas (Godman and Salvin 1897) and B. l. rhipidus (Rothschild and Jordan 1906)." 121971496,Pachliopta adamas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,adamas,,,,,"(Zinken, 1831)","This species is sometimes considered a subspecies of Atrophaneura (Pachliopta) aristolochiae, however in 1995 it was separated from Atrophaneura aristolochiae Fabricius by Page and Treadaway (Moonen 2016). The subgenus Pachliopta was elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. Racheli and Cotton 2010), and this is followed here.There are nine subspecies recognised for this species (Jan Moonen pers. comm. February 2019): the nominate subspecies adamas; subspecies probus Fruhstorfer, 1911; subspecies antissa Jordan, 1908; subspecies agricola Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980; subspecies balinus Fruhstorfer, 1908; subspecies lombockensis Rothschild, 1896; subspecies sapientia Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980; subspecies austrosundanus Rothschild, 1895; and subspecies floresianus Rothschild, 1908" 121971502,Byasa adamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,adamsoni,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1886)","This species was previously treated as Atrophaneura adamsoni (Hancock 1988), however, subgenus Byasa was elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. LepIndex, GLoBIS, Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this treatment here.

Uehara (2006) identifies takakoae as a subspecies." 121971622,Pachliopta antiphus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,antiphus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)","This species was not assessed in a global status assessment of swallowtails in 1985 by Collins and Morris, as it was still considered at this point a subspecies of Atrophaneura (Pachliopta) aristolochiae. Hancock (1988) considered the species under the genus Atrophaneura. The subgenus Pachliopta was elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. Racheli and Cotton 2010), and this is followed here.There are five subspecies recognised for this species: the nominate subspecies antiphus; subspecies antiphulus; subspecies acuta Druce, 1873; subspecies yoshikoae Okano, 1988; and subspecies elioti Page & Treadaway, 1995 (Danielsen and Treadaway 2004, J. Moonen pers. comm. 2019)." 121972078,Byasa hedistus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,hedistus,,,,,"(Jordan, 1928)","This species was considered part of the latreillei species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (Hancock 1988). Other authorities have elevated the subgenus Byasa to full genus level (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and here we follow this treatment. This species was previously considered to be a sub-species of A. dasarada (Collins and Morris 1985)." 121972083,Atrophaneura horishanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,horishanus,,,,,"(Matsumura, 1910)","This species is part of the nox species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs from northern India and Taiwan in the north to Bali and Sulawesi in the south (Hancock 1988, Racheli and Cotton 2010).

This species has previously been considered a subspecies of Atrophaneura nox." 121972097,Pachliopta kotzebuea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,kotzebuea,,,,,"(Eschscholtz, 1821)","This species was considered within the Atrophaneura (Hancock 1988). However, since then, the subgenus Pachliopta has since been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; LepIndex; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this here.

This species was previously considered conspecific with Pachliopta aristolochiae (for example Hancock 1983, as Atrophaneura), however it was separated by Hiura and Alagar in 1971 and it is now widely considered its own species (for example Collins and Morris 1985, Tsukada and Nishiyama 1982). There are thought to be six different subspecies, each occupying different islands or different parts of an island. P. k. kotzebuea is found in west and central Luzon, P. k. philippus in Samar, Leyte, Dinagar, Mindanao, Panaon, Camiguin de Mindanao, Siargao, Homonhon and Sarangani, P. k. tindongana in north-east Luzon and Babuyanes, P. k. mataconga in south Luzon, P. k. deseileus in Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbate, Ticao, Panay, Negros and the Sibuyan islands and P. k. bilara in Bohol and Cebu (Treadaway 1995, Jan Moonen pers. comm. February 2019)." 121973435,Pachliopta mariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,mariae,,,,,"(Semper, 1878)","This species was considered part of the Atrophaneura, which occur in Indo-Australia (Hancock 1988). However, since then, subgenus Pachliopta was elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and here we follow this new treatment.

This species has three subspecies: P. m. mariae, P. m. almae and P. m. camarines (Treadaway 1995). These are each found in different regions of the Philippines." 121973560,Atrophaneura nox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,nox,,,,,"(Swainson, 1822)","This species is part of the nox species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs from northern India and Taiwan in the north to Bali and Sulawesi in the south (Hancock 1988, Racheli and Cotton 2010).

There are around fourteen subspecies known for this species, classed based on wing pattern and geographical range into four subspecies groups (Hirata and Miyagawa 2006): the nox subspecies group (consisting of subspecies nox and nyx); the smedleyi subspecies group (consisting of subspecies smedleyi, and mirifica); the erebus subspecies group (consisting of subspecies erebus, henricus, tungensis, solokanus, petronius and the relatively recently described hirokae); and the noctis subspecies group (consisting of subspecies noctis, noctula, banjermasinus, and miekoae). 

A. n. tungensis was previously thought to be its own species, however it is now considered a subspecies of A. nox. Females of the species Papilio memnon may mimic females of  A. nox (Barlow 1988). Both species of the sympatric Papilio acheron are thought to mimic this species (Collins and Morris 1985)." 121973605,Pachliopta phlegon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,phlegon,,,,,"(C. & R. Felder, 1864)","This species was considered part of the polydorus species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs in Indo-Australia (Hancock 1988). The subgenus Pachliopta has since been elevated to full genus level (e.g. GLoBIS; Page and Treadaway 2004).Treadaway (1995) listed three subspecies for this Phlippine endemic: the nominate subspecies phlegon, subspecies strandi and subspecies splendida. However, subspecies strandi has since been elevated to species level, with splendida a subspecies of Pachliopta strandi (Page and Treadaway 2004)." 121973642,Pachliopta polydorus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,polydorus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1763)","The genus Pachliopta, to which this species belongs, was previously thought to be a subgenus of Atrophaneura (Hancock 1988), however it is now known to constitute its own genus. Several subspecies have been reported for this widespread species: the nominate subspecies polydorus; subspecies polypemon (Mathew, 1887); subspecies godartianus (Lucas, 1852); subspecies leodamas (Wallace, 1865); subspecies polydaemon (Mathew, 1887); subspecies thessalia (Swinhoe, 1893); subspecies tenimberensis (Rothschild, 1895); subspecies queenslandicus (Rothschild, 1895); subspecies septentrionalis (Rothschild, 1895); subspecies novobritannicus (Rothschild, 1895); subspecies dampierensis (Hagen, 1897); subspecies utuanensis (Ribbe, 1898); subspecies aignanus (Rothschild, 1898); subspecies kajelanus (Fruhstorfer, 1899); subspecies asinius (Fruhstorfer, 1904); subspecies varus (Fruhstorfer, 1906); subspecies orinomus (Rothschild, 1908); subspecies meforanus (Rothschild, 1908); subspecies humboldti (Rothschild, 1908); subspecies aphnitis (Fruhstorfer, 1913); subspecies lascarus (Fruhstorfer, 1913); subspecies naissus (Fruhstorfer, 1908); subspecies vulcanicus (Rothschild, 1915); subspecies alboplagatus (Joicey & Talbot, 1922); subspecies manus (Talbot, 1932); subspecies auster (van Eecke, 1915); subspecies ceramites (Fruhstorfer, 1916); subspecies schoutensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1924); and subspecies wangaarensis (Joicey & Talbot, 1924). There is another potential subspecies, mamberanus, which requires confirmation." 121973688,Pachliopta polyphontes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,polyphontes,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)","Hancock (1988) considered the species under the genus Atrophaneura. The subgenus Pachliopta was elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. Racheli and Cotton 2010), and this is followed here.

There are currently at least four recognised subspecies: the nominate subspecies polyphontes (Boisduval 1836); subspecies rosea (Oberthür 1879); subspecies aipytos (Fruhstorfer 1908) and subspecies sejanus (Frushstorfer 1908). Subspecies bugius is known to be synonymous with the nominate (Ney 1911) (Collins and Morris 1985, Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003, Häuser et al. 2017).

" 121973721,Atrophaneura priapus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,priapus,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)",There are two known subspecies: priapus and dilutus. 121974934,Atrophaneura sycorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,sycorax,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1885)","This species has three subspecies: the nominate subspecies sycorax; subspecies egertoni (Distant, 1886); and subspecies carolinae Toxopeus, 1936 (subspecies pariwononis Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1979 is a synonym of carolinae (J. Moonen pers. comm. February 2019)." 121975252,Battus madyes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,madyes,,,,,"(Doubleday, 1846)","The following subspecies are currently known for this species: the nominate subspecies madyes; subspecies adloni (Ehrmann, 1926); subspecies philetas (Hewitson, 1869); subspecies lojaensis Möhn, 1999; subspecies magnimacula (Joicey & Talbot, 1925); subspecies plinius (Weymer, 1890); subspecies buechei Lamas, 1998; subspecies callangaensis Möhn, 2001; subspecies chlorodamas (Guenée, 1872); subspecies montebanus (Dyar, 1913); subspecies crispatus Lamas, 2001; and subspecies tucumanus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)." 121975368,Battus polystictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Battus,polystictus,,,,,"(Butler, 1874)","There are two subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies polystictus and subspecies galenus (Fruhstorfer, 1907)." 121975467,Cressida cressida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Cressida,cressida,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","This is a monotypic genus from Australasia and considered closely related to Euryades (Collins and Morris 1985). There are four subspecies described for this species: the nominate subspecies cressida; subspecies insularis (Fruhstorfer, 1909); subspecies cassandra (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914); and subspecies troilus (Butler, 1876)." 121976901,Graphium browni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,browni,,,,,"(Godman & Salvin, 1879)", 121979051,Graphium delesserti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,delesserti,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1839)","There are thought to be at least four subspecies for this species: the nominate subspecies delesserti (Guérin-Méneville, 1839); subspecies palawanus (Staudinger, 1889), subspecies hyalinus (Fruhstorfer, 1901) and subspecies verbigenus (Fruhstorfer, 1911) (Beccaloni et al. 2003, Savela 2010)." 121979208,Graphium empedovana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,empedovana,,,,,"(Corbet, 1941)","This species is listed by some taxonomic sources as a subspecies of Graphium codrus (e.g. Beccaloni et al. 2003), however it is treated here it as a separate species in its own right. Subspecies for this species include; the nominate subspecies empedovana (Corbet, 1941), subspecies eremicola (Watanabe, 1987), subspecies tanjungpandana (Watanabe, 1987), subspecies honorabilis (Tsukada, 1987), subspecies subdebilis (Tsukada, 1987) and subspecies subiensis (Hanafusa, 1990) (Hancock 1982). Some taxonomic sources list additional subspecies however some may require additional confirmation." 121979293,Graphium euphrates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,euphrates,,,,,"(C. & R. Felder, 1862)","There are at least seven subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies euphrates (C. & R. Felder, 1862);  subspecies domaranus (Fruhstorfer, 1903); subspecies cuyoensis (Medicielo & Hanafusa, 1994);  subspecies buhisanus (Page, 1987); subspecies boholensis (Page, 1987); subspecies ornatus (Rothschild, 1895); and subspecies elegantia (Tsukada & Nishiyama, 1980)." 121979984,Graphium gelon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,gelon,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1859)", 121980998,Graphium codrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,codrus,,,,,"(Cramer, [1777])","There are thought to be several different subspecies reported for this species, however the numbers vary depending on the source from which the information is taken. The following subspecies are most commonly reported: the nominate subspecies codrus (Cramer, 1779); subspecies melanthus (C. & R. Felder, 1862); subspecies medon (C. & R. Felder, 1864); subspecies gilolensis (Wallace, 1865); subspecies segonax (Godman & Salvin, 1878); subspecies pisidice (Godman & Salvin, 1888), sometimes referred to as subspecies gabriellae; subspecies tenebrionis (Rothschild, 1895); subspecies auratus (Rothschild, 1898); subspecies toealensis (Rothschild, 1896); subspecies stiris (Jordan, 1909); subspecies taloranus (Jordan, 1909); subspecies schoutensis (Talbot & Joicey, 1916); subspecies christobalus (Jordan, 1909) (Savela 2010, Hauser et al. 1997, Beccaloni et al. 2004, Tennent, 2002). Other subspecies include: subspecies celebensis (Wallace, 1865); subspecies noeli (Page & Treadway, 2003) and subspecies yayoeae (Nihara & Kawamura, 1986)." 122057135,Graphium hicetaon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,hicetaon,,,,,"(Mathew, 1886)", 122057257,Graphium kosii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,kosii,,,,,"Müller, 1999","

This species was relatively recently described as a separate species, but closely related to G. weiskei (Müller & Tennent 1999); some taxonomic sources retain this taxon under G. weiskei due to its allopatric distribution (Haeuser et al. 2012), but here we treat it as a separate species. 

 

" 122058051,Graphium macfarlanei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,macfarlanei,,,,,"(Butler, 1877)","Four subspecies have been described for this species: the nominate subspecies macfarlanei; subspecies seminigra (Butler, 1882); subspecies cestius (Fruhstorfer, 1903); and subspecies admiralia (Rothschild, 1915)." 122062384,Graphium rhesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,rhesus,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)","

There are currently four recognised subspecies: the nominate subspecies rhesus (Boisduval 1836); and subspecies rhesulus (Fruhstorfer 1902), rhaphia (Jordan 1908), and parvimacula (Joicey and Talbot 1922) (Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003).

" 122523973,Papilio anactus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,anactus,,,,,"MacLeay, 1826", 122524195,Papilio astyalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,astyalus,,,,,"Godart, 1819","There are three subspecies of this butterfly: the nominate subspecies astyalus (Godart, 1819); subspecies hippomedon (Felder & Felder, 1859); and subspecies phanias (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906) (Warren et al. 2016).  


Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020)." 122524294,Papilio blumei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,blumei,,,,,"Boisduval, 1836", 122524581,Papilio chiansiades,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,chiansiades,,,,,"Westwood, 1872","There are four subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies chiansiades; subspecies maroni Moreau, 1923; subspecies dospassosi Rütimeyer, 1969; and subspecies mossi (Brown, 1994). This latter subspecies, mossi (Brown, 1994), has a consistent geographic range, morphology and type with that of the nominate subspecies and is by some authors considered to be a likely synonym of subspecies chiansides (Lewis 2010)." 122527368,Papilio diophantus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,diophantus,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1883", 122530997,Papilio godeffroyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,godeffroyi,,,,,"Semper, 1866", 122540322,Papilio lampsacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,lampsacus,,,,,"Boisduval, 1836", 122548670,Papilio rumiko,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,rumiko,,,,,"(Shiraiwa & Grishin, 2014)","This species was recently proposed, following the discovery that southwestern and eastern populations of Heraclides cresphontes differed both genetically and in wing patterning (Shiraiwa et al. 2014). Described as part of the genus Heraclides, but now part of the genus Papilio, of which Heraclides is a subgenus (see below).

Some taxonomic sources have elevated the subgenus Heraclides to species level (e.g. Hancock 1983, Warren et al. 2016); however, molecular studies on Papilio phylogeny (e.g. Aubert et al. 1999, Caterino and Sperling 1999) showed that there was little support for this. Additional ongoing work has come to the same conclusion that there is no evidence for splitting Papilio into several subgenera (F. Sperling and F. Condamine pers. comm. March 2020)." 122549231,Papilio sataspes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,sataspes,,,,,"C. & R. Felder, 1865", 122549442,Papilio veiovis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,veiovis,,,,,"Hewitson, 1865", 122549844,Parides aeneas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,aeneas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There are 13 subspecies reported for this species, according to Warren et al. (2010): the nominate subspecies aeneas; subspecies bolivar (Hewitson, 1850); subspecies opalinus (Butler, 1877); subspecies damis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies locris (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies gabrielensis (Bryk, 1953); subspecies marcius (Hübner, [1816]); subspecies huallaga Racheli, 1988; subspecies lamasi Racheli, 1988; subspecies tucha Racheli, 1988; subspecies linoides Brown & Lamas, 1994; subspecies lucasi Brown & Lamas, 1994; and subspecies didas Brown & Lamas, 1994." 122549854,Parides agavus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,agavus,,,,,"(Drury, 1782)", 122549882,Parides bunichus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,bunichus,,,,,"(Hübner, 1821)","There are currently six subspecies recognised for this species: the nominate subspecies bunichus; subspecies chamissonia (Eschscholtz, 1821); subspecies damocrates (Guenée, 1872); subspecies diodorus (Hopffer, 1866); subspecies perrhebus (Boisduval, 1836), and the recently described subspecies almas Casagrande & Mielke, 2007." 122549888,Parides chabrias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,chabrias,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1852)","There are currently four subspecies known for this species (Racheli 2006): the nominate subspecies chabrias; subspecies ygdrasilla Hemming, 1935; subspecies mithras (Grose-Smith, 1902) and subspecies marajoara (Brown, 1994). " 122549897,Parides cutorina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,cutorina,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1898)", 122549951,Parides echemon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,echemon,,,,,"(Hübner, 1813)","There are currently four subspecies recognised for this species, according to Warren et al. 2010): the nominate subspecies echemon; subspecies ergeteles (Gray, [1853]); subspecies empistocles Küppers, 1975; and subspecies pisander (C. & R. Felder, 1865)." 122550044,Parides neophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,neophilus,,,,,"(Geyer, 1837)","According to Tyler et al. (1994) and Warren et al. (2013) there are seven subspecies: the nominate subspecies neophilus; subspecies anaximenes (C. & R. Felder, 1862); subspecies consus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies ecbolius (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies eurybates (Gray, [1853]); subspecies parianus (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); and subspecies olivencius (Bates, 1861)." 122550072,Parides orellana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,orellana,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1852)", 122550094,Parides panthonus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,panthonus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1780)","Based on the information in Racheli (2006), there are currently six subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies panthonus (Cramer, 1780), subspecies barbotini Brévignon, 1998, subspecies ecaudatus (Joicey & Talbot, 1924), subspecies castilhoi (d'Almeida, 1967), subspecies callicles (Bates 1861) and subspecies aglaope (Gray 1853). According to Warren et al. (2013) there are currently only two subspecies: the nominate subspecies panthonus; and subspecies phylarchus (Hopffer, 1866); however, no basis is provided to support this arrangement. A previous status assessment of the world's swallowtails in 1985 referred to numa which is now considered a synonym of P. burchellanus (Tyler et al. 1994), a taxon that could be conspecific with P. panthonus (Silva-Brandão et al. 2008). Parides aglaope has been considered as a separate species (Warren et al. 2013, see above); however, for this assessment, we stand by the information given in Racheli (2006)." 122550111,Parides phalaecus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,phalaecus,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1869)","There are two subspecies reported for this species: the nominate subspecies phalaecus; and subspecies nieva Möhn, 1999." 122550187,Parides phosphorus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,phosphorus,,,,,"(Bates, 1861)","There are currently five subspecies reported for this species (Tyler et al, 1994, Racheli 2006, Warren et al. 2013): the nominate subspecies phosphorus; subspecies gratianus (Hewitson, 1861); susbpecies vavi Racheli, 1992; subspecies zopyron Lamas, 1998; and subspecies laurae Bollino & Costa, 2004." 122550404,Parides quadratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,quadratus,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1890)","There are two subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies quadratus; and subspecies spoliatus (Staudinger, 1898) (Tyler et al. 1994, Racheli 2006, Warren et al. 2013)." 122550432,Parides tros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,tros,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)","There are currently two subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies tros; and subspecies danunciae Mielke, Casagrande & Mielke, 2000 (Warren et al. 2013)." 122550460,Parides vercingetorix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,vercingetorix,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1888)", 122550507,Parides vertumnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,vertumnus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1779)","There are currently nine subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies vertumnus; subspecies cutora (Gray, [1853]); subspecies diceros (Gray, [1853]); subspecies bogotanus (C. & R. Felder, 1864); subspecies autumnus (Staudinger, 1898); subspecies yuracares (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies pseudobogotanus (Krüger, 1926); subspecies pyrophanus (Zikán, 1937) and subspecies astorius (Zikán, 1940) (Tyler et al. 1994, Warren et al. 2013)." 122550569,Parides zacynthus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,zacynthus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)","There are currently two subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies zacynthus; and subspecies polymetus (Godart, 1819) (Tyler et al. 1994, Warren et al. 2013)." 122550769,Parnassius actius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,actius,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1843)", 122550829,Parnassius apollonius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,apollonius,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1847)", 122551161,Parnassius boedromius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,boedromius,,,,,"Püngeler, 1901", 122551451,Parnassius charltonius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,charltonius,,,,,"Gray, 1853","This species belongs to the subgenus Kailasius. There are several subspecies recognised for this species, such as subspecies anjuta Stshetkin & Kaabak, 1985; amabilis Bryk & Eisner, 1932; basharianus Eisner, 1969; corporaali Bryk, 1935; deckerti Verity, 1907; ducalis Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; eisnerianus Bryk & Eisner, 1931; ella Bryk, 1932; flaugeri Eisner, 1978; kabiri Eisner & Naumann, 1980; katheruthae Bryk, 1935; ljudmilae Lesin & Kaabak, 1991; mistericus Kaabak, Sotshivko & Titov; naimus Eisner & Naumann, 1980; nuristanus Eisner & Naumann, 1980; otto Bryk & Eisner, 1932; robertjan Eisner, 1959; romanovi Grum-Grshimailo, 1885; sakai Eisner, 1978; serenissimus Bryk, 1932; vaporosus Avinov, 1913; voigti Bang-Haas, 1927; and wernickei Kotzsch, 1936." 122551681,Parnassius delphius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,delphius,,,,,"Eversmann, 1843","Parnassius delphius consist of two major subspecies: P. delphius delphius and P. delphius maximinus Staudinger, 1891 (often considered as two different species) (Lukhtanov et al. 2016)." 122552088,Parnassius honrathi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,honrathi,,,,,"Staudinger, 1882","Several subspecies have been described for this species, including subspecies afghanistanus Eisner, 1940; subspecies alburnus Stichel, 1907; subspecies ernesti Bryk, 1932; subspecies pseudoalburnus Eisner, 1954 (Beccaloni et al. 2003)." 122552185,Parnassius jacquemontii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,jacquemontii,,,,,"Boisduval, 1836", 122552788,Parnassius nordmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,nordmanni,,,,,"Ménétriés, 1850", 122552885,Parnassius patricius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,patricius,,,,,"Niepelt, 1911",Parnassius hide is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of this species (Häuser et al. 2012) 122553272,Parnassius stubbendorfii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,stubbendorfii,,,,,"Ménétriés, 1849", 122553328,Parnassius tenedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,tenedius,,,,,"Eversmann, 1851","Several subspecies have been reported for this species, including the nominate subspecies tenedius; subspecies britae Bryk, 1932; subspecies kleinschmidti Bryk, 1950; subspecies scepticus Bryk & Eisner, 1932; and subspecies vulcanus Bryk & Eisner, 1932 (Beccaloni et al. 2003)." 122598899,Protographium leosthenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Protographium,leosthenes,,,,,"(Doubleday, 1846)",Common and Waterhouse (1981) recognized two subspecies in Australia: the nominate subspecies leosthenes in eastern Australia; and subspecies geimbia from the Northern Territory. 12405,Luehdorfia chinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Luehdorfia,chinensis,,,,,"Leech, 1893", 15978,Papilio acheron,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,acheron,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1887", 15979,Papilio antimachus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,antimachus,,,,,"Drury, 1782","There are two subspecies of Papilio antimachus: the nominate subspecies and P. a. parva Jackson, 1956." 16006,Papilio sjoestedti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,sjoestedti,,,,,"Aurivillius, 1908","Papilio sjoestedti Aurivillius, 1908 has two subspecies (Smith et al. 2008): the nominate subspecies and P. s. atavus Le Cerf, 1912." 19672360,Acrida bara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Acrida,bara,,,,,"Steinmann, 1963",The genus Acrida is in need of revision. 164789,Heliocypha perforata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,perforata,,,,,"(Percheron, 1835)",The genus Heliocypha Fraser is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus. 169154,Heliocypha bisignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,bisignata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)","The genus Heliocypha Fraser is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 163626,Heliocypha biforata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,biforata,,,,,"(Sélys, 1859)","All the names listed as synonyms here have sometimes been treated as subspecies. Of these, R. abbreviata, from the Khasi Hills in Meghalya, might possibly deserve sub-specific or even full species status (Hämäläinen pers. comm. 2007).

The genus Heliocypha Fraser is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 167157,Aristocypha chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,chaoi,,,,,"(Wilson, 2004)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 168059,Aristocypha cuneata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,cuneata,,,,,"(Sélys, 1853)","Needham (1930) records cuneata from Guangxi and Tibet but the Guangxi records are misidentifications of Heliocypha fenestrella Rambur (Bridges 1994, Wilson and Reels 2003). Rhinocypha adamantina Foerster, 1903 is a synonym, and this species was previously known by its original name of Rhinocypha cuneata.

The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 167409,Aristocypha fenestrella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,fenestrella,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus.
" 167482,Aristocypha fulgipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,fulgipennis,,,,,"(Guérin, 1831)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 169165,Aristocypha hilaryae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,hilaryae,,,,,"(Fraser, 1927)","A subspecies, Aristocypha hilaryae miaoa Lahiri & Sinha, 1991, has been described from Arunachal Pradesh. It is not clear whether this form really merits subspecific status, or merely represents and extreme of geographical variation.

The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 167381,Aristocypha immaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,immaculata,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 174520,Aristocypha iridea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,iridea,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 167374,Aristocypha quadrimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,quadrimaculata,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 167379,Aristocypha spuria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,spuria,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 168208,Aristocypha trifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Aristocypha,trifasciata,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)","The genus Aristocypha Laidlaw, 1950 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 122798546,Heliocypha angusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,angusta,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)","The genus Heliocypha Fraser, 1949 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenus of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus.

Heliocypha angusta is currently considered to have two subspecies: Heliocypha angusta angusta (Hagen in Seys, 1853) from Sumatera and Nias; and Heliocypha angusta oceanis (Lieftinck, 1947) from Enggano Island. It cannot be ruled out that H. a. oceanis deserves a species status (cf. Hämäläinen 2016). Lieftinck (1954) noted: ""The Nias form is inseparable from typical angusta"". Taking into account the existence of a separate taxon oceanis from Enggano and the newly described species H. vantoli Hämäläinen, 2016 from Siberut, the taxonomic status of the subpopulation from Nias should be verified." 122798694,Heliocypha fenestrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,fenestrata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","The genus Heliocypha Fraser, 1949 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenus of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus.

Heliocypha fenestrata is currently considered to have two subspecies (Hämäläinen 2016): Heliocypha fenestrata fenstrata (Burmeister, 1839) from Java; and Heliocypha fenestrata cornelii (Lieftinck, 1947) from Bali." 122798840,Heliocypha mariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,mariae,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1930)","The genus Heliocypha Fraser, 1949 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenus of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 122799036,Heliocypha nubecula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,nubecula,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1948)","The genus Heliocypha Fraser, 1949 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenus of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 122799146,Heliocypha vantoli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,vantoli,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2016","The genus Heliocypha Fraser, 1949 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenus of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2017) treat it as a valid genus." 122791665,Heliaeschna filostyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,filostyla,,,,,"Martin, 1906", 122791782,Neurobasis kaupi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,kaupi,,,,,"Brauer, 1867",Lieftinck (1955) distinguished populations from Central and South Sulawesi from those inhabiting the northern Minahasa Peninsula and named the southern form Neurobasis kaupi pavo. Currently they are considered to represent a single taxon owing to widespread intergradation with clinal variation (Günther 2006). Orr and Hämäläinen (2007) have ranked the subspecies pavo as a synonym. 118355982,Vanderhorstia delagoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanderhorstia,delagoae,,,,,"(Barnard, 1937)", 118354461,Periophthalmus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,minutus,,,,,"Eggert, 1935", 122800511,Libellago asclepiades,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,asclepiades,,,,,"(Ris, 1916)", 122800787,Libellago manganitu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,manganitu,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 122800876,Libellago naias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,naias,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 122800969,Libellago sumatrana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,sumatrana,,,,,"(Albarda in Selys, 1879)", 122801445,Melanocypha snellemanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Melanocypha,snellemanni,,,,,"(Albarda in Selys, 1879)","

Melanocypha snellemanni is currently considered to have two subspecies (Hämäläinen 2016): Melanocypha snellemanni snellemanni (Albarda in Selys, 1879) from Sumatera; and Melanocypha snellemanni javana (Laidlaw, 1950) from Java. The taxonomic status of the subspecies is unclear and perhaps both may soon be regarded as separate species (Orr 2004).

" 122801676,Rhinocypha anisoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,anisoptera,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 122801697,Rhinocypha aurulenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,aurulenta,,,,,"Förster, 1903", 122801976,Rhinocypha frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,frontalis,,,,,"Selys, 1873",

The taxonomy of Rhinocypha in Sulawesi is still poorly understood. Some of the “geographically recognizable forms” of Rhinocypha frontalis probably will be recognised as separate taxa in future.

122802061,Rhinocypha monochroa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,monochroa,,,,,"Selys, 1873","The taxonomy of Rhinocypha in Sulawesi is still inadequately studied and poorly understood (cf. Lieftinck 1938, van Tol 2007). Rhinocypha monochroa includes some “geographically recognizable forms” which may represent separate taxa." 122802114,Rhinocypha pagenstecheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,pagenstecheri,,,,,"Förster, 1897", 122802220,Rhinocypha phantasma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,phantasma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 122802275,Rhinocypha selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,selysi,,,,,"Krüger, 1898", 122802481,Rhinocypha ustulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,ustulata,,,,,"Brauer, 1867", 122803579,Sclerocypha bisignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Sclerocypha,bisignata,,,,,"McLachlan, 1870", 122803714,Watuwila vervoorti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Watuwila,vervoorti,,,,,"van Tol, 1998", 22697599,Pelecanus crispus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,crispus,,,,,"Bruch, 1832", 164762,Muhtarophis barani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Muhtarophis,barani,,,,,"(Olgun, Avci, Ilgaz, Üzüm & Yilmaz, 2007)", 165790,Lanistes ellipticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,ellipticus,,,,,"Martens, 1866","Lanistes ellipticus in the Malawi catchment has been shown to be have substantive genetic differences from the Lanistes ellipticus in the Zambezi catchment (Schultheiß et al. 2009). The extent of the genetic differences between the populations is suggestive of them representing two different species, despite phenotypic similarities." 3320,Bulinus succinoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,succinoides,,,,,"Smith, 1877","Has sinistral shell, small and slender in comparison to B. nyassanus. Obtuse spire and closed umbilicus." 122892772,Agonotrechus sinotroglophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Agonotrechus,sinotroglophilus,,,,,"Deuve, 1999", 122892844,Aspidaphaenops masakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Aspidaphaenops,masakii,,,,,"Ueno, 2006", 122892851,Aspidaphaenops volatidraconis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Aspidaphaenops,volatidraconis,,,,,"Ueno, 2006", 122892978,Bathytrechus rueci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Bathytrechus,rueci,,,,,"Ueno, 2005", 122893167,Cathaiaphaenops enshiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,enshiensis,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2016", 122893174,Cathaiaphaenops chuandongziensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,chuandongziensis,,,,,"Deuve, 1999", 122893200,Cathaiaphaenops lagredeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,lagredeae,,,,,"Deuve, 2016", 122893247,Cathaiaphaenops amplipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,amplipennis,,,,,"Ueno, 2000", 122893259,Cathaiaphaenops lynchae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cathaiaphaenops,lynchae,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2008", 122893322,Cimmeritodes crassifemoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cimmeritodes,crassifemoralis,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2016", 122893337,Cimmeritodes huangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cimmeritodes,huangi,,,,,"Deuve, 1996", 122893373,Cimmeritodes zhejiangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cimmeritodes,zhejiangensis,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2015", 122893412,Cimmeritodes zhongfangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Cimmeritodes,zhongfangensis,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2016", 122893527,Deuveaphaenops qimenxicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Deuveaphaenops,qimenxicus,,,,,"Tian & Huang, 2017", 122893622,Deuveaphaenops gelaophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Deuveaphaenops,gelaophilus,,,,,"Tian & Huang, 2017", 122893662,Dianotrechus gueorguievi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dianotrechus,gueorguievi,,,,,"Tian, 2016", 122893683,Dongodytes giraffa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,giraffa,,,,,"Ueno, 2005", 122893716,Dongodytes elongatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,elongatus,,,,,"Tian, Yin & Huang, 2014", 122893731,Dongodytes troglodytes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,troglodytes,,,,,"Tian, Yin & Huang, 2014", 122893746,Dongodytes lani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,lani,,,,,"Tian, Yin & Huang, 2014", 122893749,Dongodytes deharvengi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,deharvengi,,,,,"Tian, 2011", 122893818,Dongodytes brevipenis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,brevipenis,,,,,"Tian, Yin & Huang, 2014", 122893829,Dongodytes jinzhuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,jinzhuensis,,,,,"Tian, Yin & Huang, 2014", 122893843,Dongodytes inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongodytes,inexpectatus,,,,,"Tian, Yin & Huang, 2014", 122893882,Dongoblemus kemadongicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Dongoblemus,kemadongicus,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2016", 122894049,Graciliblemus lipingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Graciliblemus,lipingensis,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2016", 122894117,Guiaphaenops deuvei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guiaphaenops,deuvei,,,,,"Tian, Feng & Wei, 2017", 122894253,Guizhaphaenops zorzini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,zorzini,,,,,"Vigna Taglianti, 1996", 122894272,Guizhaphaenops giganteus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,giganteus,,,,,"Ueno, 2000", 122894300,Guizhaphaenops striatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,striatus,,,,,"Ueno, 2000", 122894320,Guizhaphaenops pouillyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,pouillyi,,,,,"Deuve & Queinnec, 2014", 122894323,Guizhaphaenops baiyinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,baiyinensis,,,,,"Deuve, 1999","The species aorund Guizhaphaenops lipsorum are remarkably variable in several morphological characters (Ueno 2000, Ueno 2006, Deuve & Tian 2016). Guizhaphaenops baiyinensis Deuve 1999 is considered synonym of G. lipsorum Deuve 1999 by Ueno (2006)." 122894349,Guizhaphaenops brevioricornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,brevioricornis,,,,,"Deuve, 1999", 122894373,Guizhaphaenops daheiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,daheiensis,,,,,"Deuve, 1999", 122894407,Guizhaphaenops martii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,martii,,,,,"Deuve, 1999", 122894424,Guizhaphaenops zhengxionensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,zhengxionensis,,,,,"Deuve, 1999", 122894447,Guizhaphaenops yudongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Guizhaphaenops,yudongensis,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2016", 122896113,Libotrechus duanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Libotrechus,duanensis,,,,,"Lin & Tian, 2014", 122896200,Luoxiaotrechus yini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Luoxiaotrechus,yini,,,,,"Tian & Huang, 2015", 122896354,Microblemus rieae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Microblemus,rieae,,,,,"Ueno, 2007", 122896442,Minimaphaenops senecali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Minimaphaenops,senecali,,,,,"Deuve, 2016", 122897145,Oodinotrechus kishimotoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Oodinotrechus,kishimotoi,,,,,"Ueno, 1998", 122897183,Oodinotrechus liyoubangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Oodinotrechus,liyoubangi,,,,,"Tian, 2014", 122898948,Pilosaphaenops pilosulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Pilosaphaenops,pilosulus,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2008",The genus Pilosaphaenops is considered as a synonym of Uenotrechus and P. pilosulus as a synonym of Uenotrechus hybridiformis by Uéno (2009). 122899011,Pilosaphaenops whitteni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Pilosaphaenops,whitteni,,,,,"Tian, 2010",The genus Pilosaphaenops is considered as a synonym of Uenotrechus by Uéno (2009). 122899219,Plesioaphaenops annae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Plesioaphaenops,annae,,,,,"Deuve & Tian, 2011", 122899273,Qianaphaenops longicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Qianaphaenops,longicornis,,,,,"Ueno, 2000", 122899339,Qianaphaenops emersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Qianaphaenops,emersoni,,,,,"Tian & Clarke, 2012", 122900310,Sinaphaenops gracilior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,gracilior,,,,,"Ueno & Ran, 1998", 122900929,Sinaphaenops mirabilissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,mirabilissimus,,,,,"Ueno & Wang, 1991", 122900964,Sinaphaenops orthogenys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,orthogenys,,,,,"Ueno, 2002", 122900970,Sinaphaenops trisetiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,trisetiger,,,,,"Ueno, 2002", 122901754,Sinaphaenops yaolinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,yaolinensis,,,,,"Tian, Chen & Yang, 2017", 122901870,Sinaphaenops banshanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,banshanicus,,,,,"Tian, Chen & Tang, 2017", 122902001,Sinaphaenops bidraconis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Sinaphaenops,bidraconis,,,,,"Ueno, 2002", 122903253,Wanoblemus wui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Wanoblemus,wui,,,,,"Tian & Fang, 2016", 122903308,Wulongoblemus tsuiblemoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Wulongoblemus,tsuiblemoides,,,,,"Ueno, 2007", 122903381,Yunotrechus diannanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Yunotrechus,diannanensis,,,,,"Tian & Huang, 2015", 122903397,Zhijinaphaenops gravidulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Zhijinaphaenops,gravidulus,,,,,"Ueno & Ran, 2002", 122903407,Zhijinaphaenops liuae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Zhijinaphaenops,liuae,,,,,"Ueno & Ran, 2002", 122903442,Zhijinaphaenops jingliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Zhijinaphaenops,jingliae,,,,,"Ueno & Ran, 2002", 122903484,Zhijinaphaenops pubescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Zhijinaphaenops,pubescens,,,,,"Ueno & Ran, 2002", 22736432,Chasiempis sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Chasiempis,sclateri,,,,,"Ridgway, 1882", 10800,Iguana delicatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Iguana,delicatissima,,,,,"Laurenti, 1768", 9968,Hesperia dacotae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Hesperia,dacotae,,,,,"(Skinner, 1911)", 163594,Drepanosticta attala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,attala,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1934", 163619,Coeliccia erici,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,erici,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1917","

Coeliccia erici has had a confused taxonomic history. The situation surrounding it is clarified in Dow et al. 2018; C. kimurai Asahina is a junior synonym of C. erici and some records of C. erici actually refer to a separate species, C. sameerae Dow et al. 2018.

" 163657,Coeliccia macrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,macrostigma,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1918", 163674,Indothemis carnatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Indothemis,carnatica,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 163728,Coeliccia borneensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,borneensis,,,,,"(Sélys, 1886)","

Dow (2010) revised the Coeliccia borneensis-group of species, including Coeliccia borneensis. The holotype of C. borneensis is a female specimen from somewhere in the Sandakan area on the east side of Sabah, there are some small differences between the holotype and all other female specimens available, but the species appears to exhibit a relatively large degree of variation across its range. It is possible that a number of different species are currently being treated under this name, but the evidence available at present is inconclusive, and it may simply be a variable species, it is treated as such for the purposes of this assessment, where populations treated as, for instance, Coeliccia cf borneensis in the literature are included under C. borneensis.

" 163800,Coeliccia flavostriata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,flavostriata,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1918", 163843,Hydrobasileus vittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hydrobasileus,vittatus,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 167404,Hylaeothemis clementia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hylaeothemis,clementia,,,,,"Ris, 1909",

Hylaeothemis clementia was described from West Kalimantan (Ris 1909) and is known with certainty from Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia; specimens from further north differ consistently in colouration and markings and are likely to represent a separate species.

167436,Coeliccia pyriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,pyriformis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1932", 168067,Coeliccia poungyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,poungyi,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","

A subspecies of Coeliccia poungyi, C. p. dasha Kosterin 2016 has been described from Cambodia (Kosterin 2016) and is also known from the south of Vietnam. It is likely that C. p. dasha will ultimately prove to be a separate species.

" 169163,Coeliccia svihleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,svihleri,,,,,"Asahina, 1970 ", 190830,Lyriothemis biappendiculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,biappendiculata,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)","

In Borneo two colour forms occur in males of Lyriothemis biappendiculata. One has a predominantly red thorax when mature, the other a predominantly white thorax when mature. Only one form appears to occur in any given population but there is no clear geographic pattern to the occurrence of the forms or obvious difference in habitat and the available evidence (including some molecular data) does not provide support for the idea that they are separate species. The form occurring in Peninsular Malaysia differs again, having a darker thorax in mature males than any of the Bornean populations; the status of this form requires further investigation, but in the absence of strong evidence that it is a distinct species it is treated as belonging to Lyriothemis biappendiculata for assessment purposes.

" 122876885,Lanthanusa cyclopica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lanthanusa,cyclopica,,,,,"Ris, 1912",

Only the female of Lanthanusa cyclopica is known.

122881570,Lyriothemis eurydice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,eurydice,,,,,"Ris, 1909", 122883157,Coeliccia arcuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,arcuata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 122883199,Coeliccia campioni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,campioni,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1918", 122883268,Coeliccia cyaneothorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,cyaneothorax,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936", 122883429,Coeliccia galbina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,galbina,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2003", 122883460,Coeliccia kenyah,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,kenyah,,,,,"Dow, 2010", 122883843,Coeliccia membranipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,membranipes,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","A subspecies, Coeliccia membranipes nereis Lieftinck, 1948, is known from Enggano off the west coast of Sumatera, it is likely that this is actually a distinct species and the Enggano population is treated as presence uncertain for assessment purposes." 122884019,Coeliccia nemoricola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,nemoricola,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1912","

Coeliccia nemoricola was described from the vicinity of Mount Batu Lawi in the area often referred to as the Kelabit Highlands (including the Tama Abu Range) and other specimens from this area are in good agreement with the type. Specimens that have been treated as C. nemoricola from other locations in Sarawak fall into two categories: (a) a taxon that occurs in the lowlands, and up to over 1,000 m asl away from the Kelabit Highlands and that appears to be a separate species; (b) various higher altitude forms whose status is uncertain at present. Similarly most specimens from elsewhere in Borneo that have been treated as C. nemoricola appear to actually not belong to this species, however specimens from around 1,000 m asl in the Crocker Range and on Mount Kinabalu appear morphologically identical to the true C. nemoricola but diverge from it in the mitochondrial DNA marker COI (see  Figure 4 in Merckx et al. 2015) while a population from the Long Pasia area, adjacent to the border with Sarawak and almost contiguous with the Kelabit Highlands also appears to belong to C. nemoricola, but molecular data are not available for this population. For the purposes of assessment only the populations from the Tama Abu Range and surrounds, Long Pasia, the Crocker Range and Mount Kinabalu are considered to belong to C. nemoricola. Although the Crocker Range and Mount Kinabalu populations might eventually prove to be distinct from C. nemoricola, it seems equally likely that the differences currently seen in the (often very variable) COI marker between these populations and the Kelabit Highlands population will become blurred when data for the Long Pasia population and other, as-yet-undiscovered populations between this and the known Crocker Range population becomes available.

" 122884061,Coeliccia nigrohamata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,nigrohamata,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1918","

Coeliccia resecta Lieftinck, 1953 has been considered likely to be a junior synonym of C. nigrohamata, however this matter is not settled and it remains possible that C. resecta is a separate, albeit very similar, species to C. nigrohamata. For the purposes of assessment, C. resecta is considered as only known from the type series and all other populations to belong to C. nigrohamata (following most authorities in recent decades); if however C. resecta eventually proves to definitely be a distinct species, then many populations of C. nigrohamata (all those east of the Lupar River in Sarawak) are probably actually C. resecta and both species will need to be reassessed.

" 122884116,Coeliccia octogesima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,octogesima,,,,,"(Selys, 1863)", 122884533,Coeliccia resecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,resecta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953","

Coeliccia resecta has been considered likely to be a junior synonym of C. nigrohamata Laidlaw, 1918, however this matter is not settled and it remains possible that C. resecta is a separate, albeit very similar, species to C. nigrohamata. For the purposes of this assessment, C. resecta, following most authorities in recent decades, is considered as only known from the type series and unpublished specimens from the same location and time; if however it eventually proves to be a distinct species, then many populations of C. nigrohamata (all those east of the Lupar River in Sarawak) are probably actually C. resecta and both species will need to be reassessed.

" 122884653,Coeliccia sasamotoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,sasamotoi,,,,,"Do, 2011", 122884795,Coeliccia sexmaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,sexmaculata,,,,,"Wang, 1994", 122884811,Coeliccia simillima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,simillima,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1917","

Coeliccia simillima was described from Bukit Besar (Laidlaw 1917), a location in southern Thailand. Later Laidlaw (1931) discussed a specimen of C. didyma (Selys, 1863), a species described from “Thibet” (Selys 1863; it is likely that these specimens were not actually from Tibet) and listed C. simillima (implicitly) as a junior synonym of C. didyma. After this the name C. simillima almost disappeared from the literature, but Lieftinck (1954: 47, footnote 1) stated that “I am not all convinced that C. simillima Laidlaw should not be specifically distinct from didyma”. The name C. simillima has persisted in world Odonata lists to this day and indeed it was never formally synonymised with C. didyma, but the only record is of the type series. However there are small morphological differences between C. didyma from Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand on the one hand, and specimens from, for instance, north west Thailand on the other; the limited molecular data available (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, unpublished) also shows what may be significant differences. If the southern C. didyma should eventually prove to be a distinct species from C. didyma, it is very likely that it will actually be the same as C. simillima. Since these issues are not resolved, C. simillima is treated as known only from the type series for the purposes of assessment.

" 122884830,Coeliccia southwelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,southwelli,,,,,"Dow & Reels, 2011", 122884885,Coeliccia suoitia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,suoitia,,,,,"Dow, 2016", 122884940,Coeliccia wilsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,wilsoni,,,,,"Zhang & Huo, 2011", 122885464,Drepanosticta actaeon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,actaeon,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1934", 122885502,Drepanosticta amboinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,amboinensis,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 122885517,Drepanosticta annandalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,annandalei,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 122885542,Drepanosticta arcuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,arcuata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1934", 122885613,Drepanosticta asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,asahinai,,,,,"Sasamoto & Karube, 2007",

The female of Drepanosticta asahinai is not known.

122885665,Drepanosticta auriculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,auriculata,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 122885833,Drepanosticta barbatula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,barbatula,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940","

Drepanosticta barbatula is closely related to D. simuni Dow & Orr, 2012 which is known from a single specimen from Sarawak. Rosser Garrison (personal communication) has seen a specimen from the Crocker Range in Sabah that might be intermediate between D. barbatula and D. simuni; I have not seen this specimen and it is not known if it represents a distinct species, one of D. barbatula or D. simuni, or provides evidence that D. simuni is a junior synonym of D. barbatula. This specimen is left out of consideration in this assessment. The female of this species is not known.

" 122885856,Drepanosticta batanta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,batanta,,,,,"Kovács & Theischinger, 2015",The female of Drepanosticta batanta is not known. 122885967,Drepanosticta berinchangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,berinchangensis,,,,,"Kemp, 1994", 122885998,Drepanosticta bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,bicolor,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 122886008,Drepanosticta bicornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,bicornuta,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)",

Only the male of Drepanosticta bicornuta has been described.

122886083,Drepanosticta bifida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,bifida,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 122886098,Drepanosticta bispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,bispina,,,,,"Fraser, 1932",

Drepanosticta bispina is known from a single female specimen; the male has never been described.

122886238,Drepanosticta burbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,burbachi,,,,,"Dow, 2013",The female of this species is not known. 176192,Paniegekko madjo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Paniegekko,madjo,,,,,"(Bauer, Jones & Sadlier, 2000)", 176133,Epibator greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Epibator,greeri,,,,,"(Böhme, 1979)","Recent genetic studies have shown the New Caledonian scincid genus Lioscincus to be polyphyletic and that it comprises four distinct evolutionary lineages which should be recognized at generic level (Sadlier et al. 2015). As a result, Lioscincus greeri and L. nigrofasciolatus are now placed in the genus Epibator." 176170,Epibator nigrofasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Epibator,nigrofasciolatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","Recent genetic studies have shown the New Caledonian scincid genus Lioscincus to be polyphyletic and that it comprises four distinct evolutionary lineages which should be recognized at generic level (Sadlier et al. 2015). As a result, Lioscincus greeri and L. nigrofasciolatus are now placed in the genus Epibator." 54550,Atelopus sernai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,sernai,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza & Osorno-Muñoz, 1994", 177536,Siphlophis leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Siphlophis,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)","Further studies are necessary to clarify the status of a population from Chapada Diamantina, Minas Gerais, which exhibits different colouration from those elsewhere (A.S. Argôlo pers. comm. 2012)." 177522,Siphlophis pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Siphlophis,pulcher,,,,,"(Raddi, 1820)", 177523,Taeniophallus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,affinis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 177572,Tropidodryas serra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodryas,serra,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 176346,Apostolepis polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,polylepis,,,,,"Amaral, 1921", 176349,Atractus albuquerquei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,albuquerquei,,,,,"Da Cunha & Do Nascimento, 1983", 46344,Bothrops alcatraz,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,alcatraz,,,,,"Marques, Martins & Sazima, 2002", 178643,Bothrops erythromelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,erythromelas,,,,,"Amaral, 1923", 2917,Bothrops insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,insularis,,,,,"(Amaral, 1921)", 178493,Bothrops lutzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,lutzi,,,,,"(Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915)", 39904,Corallus cropanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Corallus,cropanii,,,,,"(Hoge, 1953)", 123197971,Drepanosticta claaseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,claaseni,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 123197975,Drepanosticta clavata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,clavata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 123197978,Drepanosticta crenitis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,crenitis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933","

Drepanosticta crenitis is known from the type series collected on Gunung Poteng near Singkawang, in West Kalimantan in 1932 (Lieftinck 1933). Related forms are widespread in Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah, but differ consistently in the colour of the prothorax from the type series, while the limited molecular data available (not including any from the type series) shows very extensive variation in mitochondrial markers between different populations, although little morphological difference is apparent. Further investigation is required into the status of all populations known from Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei; there may be a number of cryptic and near cryptic species involved. Until more is known only the type series can be regarded as definitely belonging to this species, and other populations are left out of consideration for assessment purposes.

" 123197981,Drepanosticta dentifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,dentifera,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936","

Drepanosticta dentifera is known from the type series (Kimmins 1936) collected on Mount Dulit on the border of Miri and Kapit Divisions in Sarawak and later records from the same mountain (Dow, Reels & Butler 2013). Closely related forms are widespread in Sarawak (e.g. Dow et al. 2015a, Dow & Ngiam 2014, 2015) and Brunei (Dow & Choong, unpublished), but differ in small details, while the limited molecular data available (not including any from the type series) shows very extensive variation in mitochondrial markers between different populations. Further investigation is required into the status of all populations known from Sarawak and Brunei; there may be a number of cryptic and near cryptic species involved. Until more is known only the Mount Dulit population can be regarded as definitely belonging to this species, and other populations are left out of consideration for assessment purposes.

" 123197984,Drepanosticta dorcadion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,dorcadion,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 123197987,Drepanosticta drusilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,drusilla,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1934", 123197990,Drepanosticta dulitensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,dulitensis,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936", 123197993,Drepanosticta ephippiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,ephippiata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 123197996,Drepanosticta eucera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,eucera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 123197999,Drepanosticta floresiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,floresiana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1939", 17008,Phoboscincus bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Phoboscincus,bocourti,,,,,"(Brocchi, 1876)", 29452,Bavayia exsuccida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,exsuccida,,,,,"Bauer, Whitaker & Sadlier, 1998",Populations in the north at Rivière Nehoué and the Kaala massif are genetically divergent and may represent distinct taxa. 29453,Bavayia pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,pulchella,,,,,"Bauer, Whitaker & Sadlier, 1998", 176131,Tropidoscincus boreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidoscincus,boreus,,,,,"Sadlier & Bauer in Bauer & Sadlier, 2000",This species was regarded as conspecific with Tropidoscincus variabilis when reviewed by Sadlier in 1986 (Bauer and Sadlier 2000). 176132,Rhacodactylus auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhacodactylus,auriculatus,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)","Low levels of genetic divergence occur between the isolated populations on the northwestern ultramafic massifs and the more continuous population in the south, but these do not warrant taxonomic distinction." 176134,Geoscincus haraldmeieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Geoscincus,haraldmeieri,,,,,"(Böhme, 1976)", 176136,Marmorosphax montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marmorosphax,montana,,,,,"Sadlier & Bauer, 2000", 176137,Nannoscincus hanchisteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,hanchisteus,,,,,"Bauer & Sadlier, 2000", 123730428,Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhacodactylus,trachyrhynchus,,,,,"Bocage, 1873",Bauer et al. (2012) in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the giant geckos found that the few subpopulations of Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus sampled were strongly divergent from one another and a specimen from Îlot Môrô near the Île des Pins is especially distinctive. This specimen and others examined from Îlot Môrô are morphologically assignable to the species described by Boulenger in 1878 as Chameleonurus trachycephalus (and later treated as a subspecies of R. trachyrhynchus) and is now recognized as a full species (Bauer et al. 2012). 176139,Bavayia geitaina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,geitaina,,,,,"Wright, Bauer & Sadlier, 2000",Marked regional variation in colour and pattern indicates historical fragmentation and possible genetic substructuring. 176140,Nannoscincus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,gracilis,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)", 176141,Eurydactylodes symmetricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Eurydactylodes,symmetricus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1908)", 176142,Nannoscincus slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,slevini,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1941)", 176143,Celatiscincus euryotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Celatiscincus,euryotis,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)", 176145,Lioscincus vivae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lioscincus,vivae,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer, Whitaker & Smith, 2004", 176146,Nannoscincus garrulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,garrulus,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Smith, 2006",

 

176147,Caledoniscincus festivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,festivus,,,,,"(Roux, 1913)", 204324284,Nannoscincus mariei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,mariei,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)","The genetic study (Sadlier 2014) revealed the presence of two clearly differentiated lineages within what has previously been regarded as a single species, Nannoscincus mariei. Although the geographic range of samples available for the genetics study is not as extensive as that represented by museum specimens it is, in combination with morphological data, sufficient to indicate that the samples represent two parapatric taxa: N. mariei Bavay (Mt. Koghis south to the Goro Plateau, including Rivière Bleue), and N. fuscus (the Chaîne Centrale at Mt. Mou, Mt. Dzumac and Mt. Vulcain)." 176149,Nannoscincus manautei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,manautei,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer, Whitaker & Smith, 2004", 176150,Dierogekko thomaswhitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,thomaswhitei,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006", 176151,Bavayia crassicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,crassicollis,,,,,"Roux, 1913","Recent genetic data indicates that populations at Île des Pins and on the islets near there and the east coast of Grande Terre that were earlier assigned to Bavayia crassicollis are not this taxon and that all geckos in the Îles Loyauté that were previously assigned to Bavayia cyclura are in fact Bavayia crassicollis.
" 176152,Caledoniscincus orestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,orestes,,,,,"Sadlier, 1987","There is a moderate level of genetic and morphometric differentiation between the widely disjunct groups of populations in the north and south of the species' range, and there is also a consistent difference in colouration between the population on the Panié massif and Koniambo. In the absence of data on the occurrence of the species between these groups of populations these differences are insufficient for taxonomic distinction." 176153,Lacertoides pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lacertoides,pardalis,,,,,"Sadlier, Shea & Bauer, 1997", 176154,Dierogekko inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,inexpectatus,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006", 176156,Marmorosphax boulinda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marmorosphax,boulinda,,,,,"Sadlier, Smith, Bauer & Whitaker, 2009", 176158,Dierogekko nehoueensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,nehoueensis,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006", 176160,Kanakysaurus viviparus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Kanakysaurus,viviparus,,,,,"Sadlier, Whitaker, Bauer & Smith, 2004","The population of Kanakysaurus on Dôme de Tiébaghi is genetically very close to Kanakysaurus zebratus yet is morphologically indistinguishable and genetically highly divergent from the K. viviparus with which it is sympatric. Whether this represents a distinct taxon or is the result of mitochondrial introgression awaits further research (Sadlier et al. 2009)." 176161,Caledoniscincus cryptos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,cryptos,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999","Caledoniscincus cryptos is highly differentiated by genetic characters but is weakly distinguished morphometrically from its congeners." 176162,Tropidoscincus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidoscincus,variabilis,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)", 176163,Nannoscincus rankini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,rankini,,,,,"Sadlier, 1987", 176164,Nannoscincus exos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,exos,,,,,"Bauer & Sadlier, 2002", 176165,Eurydactylodes agricolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Eurydactylodes,agricolae,,,,,"Henkel & Böhme, 2001", 176166,Rhacodactylus leachianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhacodactylus,leachianus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Three subspecies of Rhacodactylus leachianus have been described: R. l. leachianus (Cuvier, 1829) (Grande Terre); R. l. aubrianus Bocage, 1873; R. l. henkeli Seipp & Obst, 1994 (Ile des Pins and satellite islands); but these are unsupported by genetic data and no longer recognized as valid (Good et al. 1997)." 176167,Bavayia robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,robusta,,,,,"Wright, Bauer & Sadlier, 2000","Bavayia robusta is one of the few taxa within the Bavayia cyclura complex that has been formally described. Even so, the distinction between Bavayia robusta s.s. and populations putatively assigned to it from Île des Pins and its satellite islands still requires clarification. The specific status of some individual populations in the extreme southeast of Grande Terre and on Île des Pins is also equivocal." 176169,Nannoscincus humectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,humectus,,,,,"Bauer & Sadlier, 2002", 176171,Marmorosphax tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marmorosphax,tricolor,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)","Recent morphometric and genetic data suggest that, as presently defined, Marmorosphax tricolor sensu (Bavay, 1879) may include several cryptic species some of which have relatively confined distributions. The neotype of Marmorosphax tricolor is from Mount Aoupinié (Sadlier 1986)." 176172,Eurydactylodes vieillardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Eurydactylodes,vieillardi,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)", 176173,Correlophus ciliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Correlophus,ciliatus,,,,,"Guichenot, 1866",A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the New Caledonia giant geckos has revealed that Rhacodactylus is polyphyletic (Bauer et al. 2012). The results show that R. ciliatus and R. sarasinorum are sister taxa but are not part of the same clade as the other giant geckos hence the generic name Correlophus has been resurrected for them (Bauer et al. 2012). 176174,Oedodera marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedodera,marmorata,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006","Populations of Oedodera on the Poum and Kaala massifs are genetically and morphometrically divergent from O. marmorata from Dôme de Tiébaghi. They are treated as potentially distinct taxa under description and hence are not included in this assessment for Oedodera marmorata." 176175,Caledoniscincus atropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,atropunctatus,,,,,"(Roux, 1913)","The genetic relationships of a redefined Caledoniscincus atropunctatus (Sadlier 2013) identifies two major subgroups, one located mainly in the northern and central-east regions of Grand Terre and the other in the southern and central-west regions and also including the population on the Loyalty Islands." 176176,Nannoscincus greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,greeri,,,,,"Sadlier, 1987", 176177,Dierogekko koniambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,koniambo,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006","The low-elevation specimens (Vavouto) are likely to be another species (on-going studies by A. Bauer and R. Sadlier pers. comm.)." 176178,Dierogekko poumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,poumensis,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006", 176179,Caledoniscincus renevieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,renevieri,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999", 176180,Celatiscincus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Celatiscincus,similis,,,,,"Sadlier, Smith & Bauer, 2006", 123713402,Mniarogekko chahoua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Mniarogekko,chahoua,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)","A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the New Caledonia giant geckos has revealed that Rhacodactylus is not monophyletic (Bauer et al. 2012). The results show that R. chahoua forms a distinct clade separate from Rhacodactylus sensu stricto and hence a new genus, Mniarogekko has been created to accommodate R. chahoua. Genetic data  also shows that the subpopulations in northern Grande Terre and on the Iles Belep are highly distinct and are hence described as a new species M. jalu (Bauer et al. 2012) which is assessed separately." 176182,Caledoniscincus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,auratus,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999", 176183,Caledoniscincus aquilonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,aquilonius,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999", 176184,Tropidoscincus aubrianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tropidoscincus,aubrianus,,,,,"Bocage, 1873", 176185,Caledoniscincus haplorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,haplorhinus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 176187,Dierogekko kaalaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,kaalaensis,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006", 176189,Kanakysaurus zebratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Kanakysaurus,zebratus,,,,,"Sadlier, Smith, Whitaker & Bauer, 2008","The population of Kanakysaurus on Dôme de Tiébaghi is genetically very close to Kanakysaurus zebratus yet is morphologically indistinguishable and genetically highly divergent from the K. viviparus with which it is sympatric. Whether this represents a distinct taxon or is the result of mitochondrial  introgression awaits further research (Sadlier et al. 2009)." 176191,Bavayia sauvagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,sauvagii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)","Recent genetic data show that, as presently defined, Bavayia sauvagii sensu (Boulenger, 1883) comprises a complex of at least nine cryptic species that appear to mostly have relatively confined, allopatric ranges." 176193,Graciliscincus shonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Graciliscincus,shonae,,,,,"Sadlier, 1986", 176194,Marmorosphax kaala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marmorosphax,kaala,,,,,"Sadlier, Smith, Bauer & Whitaker, 2009", 176195,Simiscincus aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Simiscincus,aurantiacus,,,,,"Sadlier & Bauer, 1997", 176196,Dierogekko validiclavis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,validiclavis,,,,,"(Sadlier, 1989)", 176197,Bavayia cyclura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,cyclura,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","Recent genetic data show that, as presently defined, Bavayia cyclura sensu Günther 1872 comprises at least ten cryptic species all of which have relatively confined, largely allopatric ranges. The data also show that material from the Îles Loyauté that was previously assigned to Bavayia cyclura is in fact Bavayia crassicollis." 176198,Emoia loyaltiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,loyaltiensis,,,,,"(Roux, 1913)", 176200,Dierogekko insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,insularis,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2006", 176201,Bavayia goroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,goroensis,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier, Shea & Whitaker, 2008", 176202,Bavayia septuiclavis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,septuiclavis,,,,,"Sadlier, 1989", 176203,Phoboscincus garnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Phoboscincus,garnieri,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)", 176204,Eurydactylodes occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Eurydactylodes,occidentalis,,,,,"Bauer, Jackman, Sadlier & Whitaker, 2009", 176205,Caledoniscincus bodoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,bodoi,,,,,"(Börner, 1980)", 176207,Caledoniscincus chazeaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,chazeaui,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999", 176208,Caledoniscincus austrocaledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,austrocaledonicus,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)","Genetic research shows that, as presently defined, Caledoniscincus austrocaledonicus sensu (Bavay, 1869) comprises several allopatric cryptic taxa, one of which is confined to the far north of Grande Terre (north of  Koumac) and the islands to the north, including the Iles Belep." 176209,Cryptoblepharus novocaledonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,novocaledonicus,,,,,"Mertens, 1928", 176210,Caledoniscincus terma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,terma,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999", 176211,Marmorosphax taom,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marmorosphax,taom,,,,,"Sadlier, Smith, Bauer & Whitaker, 2009", 176212,Lioscincus steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lioscincus,steindachneri,,,,,"Bocage, 1873", 176213,Correlophus sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Correlophus,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Roux, 1913)",A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the New Caledonia giant geckos has revealed that Rhacodactylus is polyphyletic (Bauer et al. 2012). The results show that R. ciliatus and R. sarasinorum are sister taxa but are not part of the same clade as the other giant geckos hence the generic name Correlophus has been resurrected for them (Bauer et al. 2012). Genetic substructuring has been detected between the population at Mt Koghis and those in the Prony district but this does not warrant specific distinction. 176214,Bavayia ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,ornata,,,,,"Roux, 1913",There is significant genetic divergence between the known populations on Mt Panié and Tchingou. 176215,Bavayia montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,montana,,,,,"Roux, 1913","Recent genetic data shows that, as presently defined, Bavayia montana sensu Roux, 1913 comprises a complex of at least six cryptic species all of which have relatively confined, largely allopatric ranges." 29454,Phasmasaurus maruia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Phasmasaurus,maruia,,,,,"(Sadlier, Whitaker & Bauer, 1998)","Recent genetic studies have shown the New Caledonian scincid genus Lioscincus to be polyphyletic and that it comprises four distinct evolutionary lineages which should be recognized at generic level (Sadlier et al. 2015). As a result, Lioscincus maruia and L. tillieri are now placed in the genus Phasmasuarus." 176190,Phasmasaurus tillieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Phasmasaurus,tillieri,,,,,"(Ineich & Sadlier, 1991)","Recent genetic studies have shown the New Caledonian scincid genus Lioscincus to be polyphyletic and that it comprises four distinct evolutionary lineages which should be recognized at generic level (Sadlier et al. 2015). As a result, Lioscincus maruia and L. tillieri are now placed in the genus Phasmasuarus." 176168,Caesoris novaecaledoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caesoris,novaecaledoniae,,,,,"(Parker, 1926)","Recent genetic studies have shown the New Caledonian scincid genus Lioscincus to be polyphyletic and that it comprises four distinct evolutionary lineages which should be recognized at generic level (Sadlier et al. 2015). As a result, Lioscincus novaecaledoniae is now placed in its own genus Caesoris." 3630,Calotes liocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,liocephalus,,,,,"Günther, 1872",Amarasinghe et al. (2014) recognized the Knuckles Range population of Calotes liocephalus as the new species Calotes pethiyagodai on morphological grounds. These authors cautioned that little material was available for either this species or C. liocephalus and that further research should be conducted to confirm this arrangement. 4178,Ceratophora tennentii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ceratophora,tennentii,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 169677,Cophotis dumbara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Cophotis,dumbara,,,,,"Samarawickrama, Ranawana, Rajapaksha, Ananjeva, Orlov, Ranasinghe & Samarawickrama, 2006","There has been considerable controversy over the priority of the names Cophotis dumbara Samarawickrama, Ranawana, Rajapaksha, Ananjeva, Orlov, Ranasinghe & Samarawickrama, 2006 and Cophotis dumbarae Manamendra-Arachchi, de Silva & Amarasinghe, 2006, with both names being published at very close dates. Hallermann and Böhme (2007) reviewed this issue, and determined that Cophotis dumbara (published on November 25, 2006) should take priority over Cophotis dumbarae (published on December 6, 2006). Following an application to the ICZN by the authors of C. dumbarae (considered to have been based on the absence of a reply) this issue now appears to be settled, with C. dumbara accepted as the correct name (A.A.T. Amarasinghe pers. comm. 2019)." 170383,Ceratophora aspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ceratophora,aspera,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 170409,Lyriocephalus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lyriocephalus,scutatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 170415,Phrynocephalus theobaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,theobaldi,,,,,"Blyth, 1863", 127959258,Melanophidium punctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Melanophidium,punctatum,,,,,"Beddome, 1871",Melanophidium khairei was described from populations previously understood to represent a northern isolate of Melanophidium punctatum (Gower et al. 2016). 172687,Ahaetulla pulverulenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,pulverulenta,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)",This is believed to be a species complex in need of revision. Populations in Sri Lanka may represent a distinct species endemic to this island (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). 136380389,Cyrtodactylus collegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,collegalensis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Mirza et al. (2010) suggested that the multiple colour morphs then recognized within Cyrtodactytlus collegalensis may indicate that the taxon is a species complex. These authors cautioned that their data was preliminary and subsequent work has been hampered by the scarcity of collections and molecular data (Agarwal et al. 2016). Agarwal et al. (2016) redescribed C. collegalensis, resurrected C. speciosus from its synonymy, and described a third member of this complex, C. varadgirii." 174112,Cyrtodactylus adleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,adleri,,,,,"Das, 1997","This species was previously synonymized with Cyrtodactylus rubidus (Blyth, 1861) (which is now restricted to the Andaman Islands)." 174113,Cyrtodactylus gubernatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,gubernatoris,,,,,"(Annandale, 1913)", 127957711,Eublepharis hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Eublepharis,hardwickii,,,,,"Gray, 1827",Eublepharis satpuraensis was described from populations previously included within E. hardwickii by Mirza et al. (2014). 149404654,Ophisops microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,microlepis,,,,,"Blanford, 1870","Using morphological evidence and recently-obtained sequence data (including material from the type locality), Agarwal et al. (2018) revised Ophisops microlepis, a name that had previously been applied to widespread Indian populations but never systematically reviewed. These authors redescribed this species and described two new species, O. kutchensis and O. pushkarensis, from within this complex." 174131,Eutropis ashwamedhi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,ashwamedhi,,,,,"(Sharma, 1969)","Lygosoma ashwamedhi was originally described as Riopa ashwamedhi by Sharma in 1969. A molecular phylogentic analysis has confirmed the validity of this species but concluded that it should be transferred to Eutropis (Srinivasulu et al. 2016)." 176329,Ahaetulla prasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,prasina,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 176348,Aspidura copei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,copei,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 176363,Rhabdophis ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",This species was formerly the only member of the genus Balanophis but is now treated under Rhabdophis. 176619,Boiga beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,beddomei,,,,,"(Wall, 1909)","Boiga beddomei was described as Dipsadomorphus beddomei by Wall in 1909 based on specimens from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) (Smith 1943). It has been considered a synonym of Boiga ceylonensis Günther 1858 by Smith (1943) and De Silva (1990). While presently considered valid, with a well-defined species concept, the identity of past locality records is in need of clarification due to confusion within the Boiga ceylonensis/B. beddomei/B. nuchalis/B. andamanensis species group." 176702,Dieurostus dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Dieurostus,dussumieri,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 176781,Dendrelaphis bifrenalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,bifrenalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","This is a complex of more than one species, with taxonomic studies needed to resolve this problem (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019)." 150205307,Lycodon anamallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,anamallensis,,,,,"Günther, 1858","Ganesh and Vogel (2018) synonymized Lycodon osmanhilli within L. anamallensis, which they revalidated from within the synonymy of Lycodon aulicus." 177412,Oligodon erythrorhachis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,erythrorhachis,,,,,"Wall, 1910", 177415,Oligodon juglandifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,juglandifer,,,,,"(Wall, 1909)", 177419,Oligodon sublineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,sublineatus,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 177508,Bungarus andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,andamanensis,,,,,"Biswas & Sanyal, 1978", 177520,Trachischium guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trachischium,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890", 177829,Phelsuma andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,andamanensis,,,,,"Blyth, 1861", 178191,Indotyphlops meszoelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,meszoelyi,,,,,"(Wallach, 1999)", 178248,Rhinophis oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1801)",This represents a species complex that needs taxonomic revision (M. Wickramasinghe and N. Wickramasinghe pers comm. 2019). 157796345,Lankascincus deignani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,deignani,,,,,"(Taylor, 1950)","Batuwita (2019) re-described this species, referring the majority of records to other species." 178286,Rhinophis drummondhayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,drummondhayi,,,,,"Wall, 1921", 178303,Lygosoma singha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,singha,,,,,"(Taylor, 1950)", 178445,Gerrhopilus oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,oligolepis,,,,,"(Wall, 1909)", 127958156,Hemidactylus depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,depressus,,,,,"Gray, 1842","Hemidactylus pieresii, which had not been recorded since its original description, was synonymized with Hemidactylus depressus by Smith (1935). Following the collection of additional material, Batuwita and Pethiyagoda (2012) determined that H. pieresii represents a validly distinct taxon and redescribed both species. These authors confirmed that Nubilia argentii represents a junior synonym of H. depressus." 178497,Hemidactylus malcolmsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,malcolmsmithi,,,,,"(Constable, 1949)",It is possible that this species is a misidentified specimen of Hemidactylus brookii (M.S. Khan pers. comm. 2010). 178550,Eutropis bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,bibronii,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 178566,Cnemaspis anaikattiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,anaikattiensis,,,,,"Mukherjee, Bhupathy & Nixon, 2005", 178661,Hypnale nepa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Hypnale,nepa,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Previously incorrectly thought to be a separate species, Hypnale walli is now treated as junior subjective synonym of Hypnale nepa (Maduwage et al. 2009)." 178662,Cnemaspis podihuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,podihuna,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1944","Amarasinghe and Campbell (2016) resolved longstanding confusion surrounding the identity of the holotype of Cnemaspis podihuna and fixed the type locality. These authors' redescription of the holotype it did not discuss the broader distribution of this taxon, which has also been controversial. The most recent characterization of this species' distribution (Batuwita and Udagampala 2017) is followed here, but beyond describing a new species (Cnemaspis kandambyi) previously confused with it and providing a distribution map, these authors did not discuss taxonomic problems with C. podihuna in detail. Ongoing molecular and morphological research indicates that C. podihuna is likely to be a species complex, and that C. podihuna sensu stricto is likely to have a much more restricted range than presently recognized (S. Karunarathna and S. Kannishka pers. comm. 2019)." 178698,Cyrtodactylus triedrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,triedrus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Two morphological variants of this species were found at Knuckles and molecular and alpha taxonomy is in progress (A. de Silva pers. comm). Molecular phylogenetic data reveal that Geckoella is embedded within Cyrtodactylus, and this placement is now widely accepted and hence followed here." 157795984,Lankascincus taprobanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,taprobanensis,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1854)","In a morphological review of Lankascincus, Batuwita (2019) found that characters described as being diagnostic for L. munindradasai could not reliably distinguish it from the similar L. taprobanensis. This author consequently synonymized L. munindradasai with L. taprobanensis on both morphological and biogeographic grounds." 178732,Trimeresurus erythrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,erythrurus,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)", 192116,Rhabdophis subminiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdophis,subminiatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Natrix. Two subspecies are recognized: Rhabdophis subminiatus subminiatus and R. s. helleri." 194063,Trimeresurus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Kramer, 1977", 194100,Cyrtodactylus jeyporensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,jeyporensis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1878)","Cyrtodactylus jeyporensis was described by Beddome in 1877 based on specimens collected from Pathinge Hill, Jeypore, Orissa (Smith 1935). Molecular phylogenetic data reveal that Geckoella is embedded within Cyrtodactylus, and this placement is now widely accepted and hence followed here." 197166,Trimeresurus trigonocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,trigonocephalus,,,,,"(Latreille, 1801)","Two distinct populations of this species are diagnosable on morphological and ecological grounds, with distinct differences between the hemipenes of populations from the wet zone and those from the dry zone (although there is some penetration of the wet zone taxon, Trimeresurus trigonocephalus sensu stricto, into the dry zone - M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). A description of the dry zone form as a distinct species is presently underway, including the collection of molecular data (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019).  The species is placed in the genus Craspedocephalus under the revisions of Malhotra and Thorpe (2004) and David et al. (2011)." 197170,Rhinophis tricoloratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,tricoloratus,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1975", 197171,Rhinophis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,punctatus,,,,,"Müller, 1832","Taxononomic uncertainty persists with regard to the relationship between this species and R. punctatus (Pyron et al. 2016 and references therein; M. Wickramasinghe and N. Wickramasinghe pers comm. 2019)." 197172,Rhinophis porrectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,porrectus,,,,,"Wall, 1921","Taxononomic uncertainty persists with regard to the relationship between this species and R. punctatus (Pyron et al. 2016 and references therein; M. Wickramasinghe and N. Wickramasinghe pers comm. 2019)." 197174,Rhinophis homolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,homolepis,,,,,"Hemprich, 1820","Pyron et al. (2016) suggest a comprehensive phylogeographic study of this species, which has the imprecise type locality ""Sri Lanka"", and to clarify whether this apparently widespread species represents a species complex once its type locality has been restricted." 197175,Rhinophis erangaviraji,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,erangaviraji,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Wickramasinghe & Ranwella, 2009","Records of Rhinophis blythii, a species otherwise known only from the Central Hills, from southwestern Sri Lanka are likely to represent this species (Wickramasinghe et al. 2009)." 197176,Rhinophis dorsimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,dorsimaculatus,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1941", 197177,Rhinophis blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Rhinophis,blythii,,,,,"Kelaart, 1853", 197186,Calliophis haematoetron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,haematoetron,,,,,"Smith, Manamendra-Arachchi & Somaweera, 2008", 197187,Aspidura ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 197188,Dendrelaphis oliveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrelaphis,oliveri,,,,,"(Taylor, 1950)", 197190,Boiga barnesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,barnesii,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 197191,Fowlea asperrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Fowlea,asperrimus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)", 197192,Aspidura trachyprocta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,trachyprocta,,,,,"Cope, 1860", 197193,Aspidura guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,guentheri,,,,,"Ferguson, 1876", 197194,Aspidura drummondhayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,drummondhayi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904",This name may be comprised of more than one species (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). 197195,Aspidura deraniyagalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,deraniyagalae,,,,,"Gans & Fetcho, 1982", 197196,Aspidura brachyorrhos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,brachyorrhos,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 197197,Cylindrophis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,maculatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 197199,Lankascincus dorsicatenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,dorsicatenatus,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1953)","Records from Kandy and at higher elevations are not included in the range description provided by Somaweera and Somaweera (2009), who note that these may represent a related but distinct species." 197200,Nessia sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Müller, 1889)", 197201,Nessia monodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,monodactyla,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)", 197202,Nessia layardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,layardi,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1853)", 197203,Nessia hickanala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,hickanala,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1940", 197204,Nessia didactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,didactyla,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1934)", 197205,Nessia deraniyagalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,deraniyagalai,,,,,"Taylor, 1950", 197206,Nessia burtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,burtonii,,,,,"Gray, 1839", 197207,Nessia bipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,bipes,,,,,"Smith, 1935", 197208,Lankascincus taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,taylori,,,,,"Greer, 1991", 197209,Lankascincus sripadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,sripadensis,,,,,"Mendis Wickramasinghe, Rodrigo, Dayawansa & Jayantha, 2007", 197211,Lankascincus greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,greeri,,,,,"Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197212,Lankascincus gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,gansi,,,,,"Greer, 1991", 197213,Lankascincus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,fallax,,,,,"(Peters, 1860)","In a morphological review of Lankascincus, Batuwita (2019) concluded that Lankascincus deraniyagalae is likely to represent local variation within L. fallax, as a series of this species from the Central Hills agreed in nearly all characters with the type of L. deraniyagalae. This author concludes that the L. deraniyagalae holotype corresponds to L. fallax and formally synonymized the two species." 197215,Eutropis tammanna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,tammanna,,,,,"Das, de Silva & Austin, 2008", 197216,Eutropis floweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,floweri,,,,,"(Taylor, 1950)", 197217,Chalcidoseps thwaitesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chalcidoseps,thwaitesi,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 197218,Cyrtodactylus subsolanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,subsolanus,,,,,"Batuwita & Bahir, 2005", 197219,Cyrtodactylus soba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,soba,,,,,"Batuwita & Bahir, 2005",


197220,Cyrtodactylus ramboda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,ramboda,,,,,"Batuwita & Bahir, 2005",


197221,Cyrtodactylus fraenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,fraenatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",


197222,Cyrtodactylus edwardtaylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,edwardtaylori,,,,,"Batuwita & Bahir, 2005",


197223,Cyrtodactylus cracens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,cracens,,,,,"Batuwita & Bahir, 2005", 197224,Cnemaspis upendrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,upendrai,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007",Agarwal et al. (2017) synonymized Cnemaspis clivicola and within C. upendrai. The holotypes of these two species differ genetically from one another by only 0.1% using ND2. 197225,Cnemaspis silvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,silvula,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197226,Cnemaspis scalpensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,scalpensis,,,,,"(Ferguson, 1877)","Historical records of this species outside the known range were found to represent different species by Maramendra-Arachchi et al. (2007), who also referred Cnemaspis ranwellai to its synonymy." 197227,Cnemaspis samanalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,samanalensis,,,,,"Mendis Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007", 197228,Cnemaspis retigalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,retigalensis,,,,,"Mendis Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007", 197229,Cnemaspis punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,punctata,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197230,Cnemaspis pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,pulchra,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197231,Cnemaspis phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,phillipsi,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197232,Cnemaspis pava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,pava,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197233,Cnemaspis molligodai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,molligodai,,,,,"Mendis Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007", 197234,Cnemaspis menikay,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,menikay,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197235,Cnemaspis latha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,latha,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197236,Cnemaspis kumarasinghei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kumarasinghei,,,,,"Mendis Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007",Cnemaspis ingerorum was previously confused with Cnemaspis kumarasinghei. It was found to be genetically distinct by Agarwal et al. (2017) and formally described by Batuwita et al. (2019) 197237,Cnemaspis kallima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kallima,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197238,Cnemaspis gemunu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,gemunu,,,,,"Bauer, de Silva, Greenbaum & Jackman, 2007",Records of this species from Borangamuwa represent the newly-described species Cnemaspis anslemi. 197240,Cnemaspis amith,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,amith,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007", 197241,Cnemaspis alwisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,alwisi,,,,,"Mendis Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007","Records of Cnemaspis aliwisi from the south of the species' currently known range represent a separate, recently-described species, C. hitihami." 197242,Otocryptis wiegmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Otocryptis,wiegmanni,,,,,"Wagler, 1830", 197243,Otocryptis nigristigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Otocryptis,nigristigma,,,,,"Bahir & Silva, 2005", 197244,Cophotis ceylanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Cophotis,ceylanica,,,,,"Peters, 1861", 197245,Ceratophora stoddartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ceratophora,stoddartii,,,,,"Gray, 1834", 197246,Ceratophora karu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ceratophora,karu,,,,,"Pethiyagoda & Manamendra-Arachchi, 1998", 197247,Ceratophora erdeleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Ceratophora,erdeleni,,,,,"Pethiyagoda & Manamendra-Arachchi, 1998", 197248,Calotes nigrilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,nigrilabris,,,,,"Peters, 1860", 197249,Calotes liolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,liolepis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885","Calotes manamendrai was described from a population formerly referred to C. liolepis at high elevations within the Knuckles Range. No distinct morphological characters were provided in the original description of C. desilvai that can reliably distinguish this species from the C. liolepis species complex, which which it is sympatric (A.A.T. Amarasinghe pers. comm. 2019). Based on molecular analysis C. desilvai is a valid species (S. Karunarathna pers. comm. 2019), but further taxonomic resolution within the C. liolepis complex is needed to clarify range limits within this group as C. liolepis as presently defined is thought to contain multiple species." 197250,Calotes desilvai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,desilvai,,,,,"Bahir & Maduwage, 2005","No distinct morphological characters were provided in the original description that can reliably distinguish this species from the Calotes liolepis species complex, which which it is sympatric (A.A.T. Amarasinghe pers. comm. 2019). Based on molecular analysis C. desilvai is a valid species (S. Karunarathna pers. comm. 2019), but further taxonomic resolution within the C. liolepis complex is needed to clarify range limits within this group and identify diagnostic characters for C. desilvai (Karunararathna et al. 2012)." 197251,Calotes ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,ceylonensis,,,,,"Müller, 1887", 197252,Eutropis madaraszi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,madaraszi,,,,,"(Méhely, 1897)", 202859,Coryphophylax subcristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Coryphophylax,subcristatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","This species is likely to represent a species complex (Das 1999, Harikrishnan et al. 2012)." 171632,Charpentieria dyodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,dyodon,,,,,"(S. Studer, 1820)", 170592,Carychium mariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Carychium,mariae,,,,,"Paulucci, 1878","C. mariae differs from other Carychium species by the general morphology and shape of its internal lamellae (Bank and Gittenberger 1985, Gavetti et al. 2008). Weigand et al. (2012) reported C. mariae to be a synonym of C. minimum; however, according to R. Bank (pers. comm. 2016), this work was based on the incorrect identification of specimens, so C. mariae is maintained as a valid species." 85602335,Clausilia brembina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,brembina,,,,,"Strobel, 1850","The species is currently considered valid by Bank (2013) as a subspecies of Clausilia whateliana (C.w. brembina Strobel, 1850), but raised to species level by Nägele and Hausdorf (2015). After genetic revision by Nägele and Hausdorf (2015) and Hausdorf and Nägele (2015), the list of the subspecific taxa now treated as valid is the following: C. brembina alanica Nordsieck, 2013; C. brembina brembina Strobel, 1850; C. brembina klemmi Nordsieck, 1966; C. brembina gardonensis Nardi & Nordsieck, 2013; C. brembina umbrosa Kaufel, 1928." 171457,Clausilia corynodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,corynodes,,,,,"(Held, 1836)","Six subspecific taxa are cited by MolluscaBase (Bank and Neubert 2017): Clausilia corynodes brandti (Klemm, 1969), Clausilia corynodes conclusa (Klemm, 1969), Clausilia corynodes corynodes (Held, 1836), Clausilia corynodes evadens (Klemm, 1969), Clausilia corynodes saxatilis (Hartmann, 1843) and Clausilia corynodes styriaca (Schmidt, 1856)." 171682,Clausilia strobel,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,strobel,,,,,"(Strobel, 1850)","The specific name is strobel after Hausdorf (2012). The species was previously placed in the genus Neostyriaca (Bank 2013), but Neostyriaca is now considered a sub-genus of Clausilia (Hausdorf and Nägele 2015, Nägele and Hausdorf 2015), however further changes are anticipated." 171189,Clausilia whateliana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Clausilia,whateliana,,,,,"Charpentier, 1850","After genetic revision by Nägele and Hausdorf (2015) and Hausdorf and Nägele (2015), two subspecies are considered as valid: C. whateliana exoptata Schmidt, 1856 and C. whateliana whateliana Charpentier, 1850." 171773,Cochlodina bidens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,bidens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Formerly accepted as Cochlodina incisa (Küster, 1876), the species name was revised to Cochlodina bidens (Manganelli et al. 2014)." 123320518,Ateleopus edentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ateleopus,edentatus,,,,,"Kaga, 2016",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 123320543,Ateleopus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ateleopus,indicus,,,,,"Alcock, 1891",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 123320646,Guentherus katoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Guentherus,katoi,,,,,"Senou, Kuwayama & Hirate, 2008",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 123320674,Ijimaia dofleini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ijimaia,dofleini,,,,,"Sauter, 1905",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 123320677,Ijimaia fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ijimaia,fowleri,,,,,"Howell Rivero, 1935",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 123320865,Ijimaia plicatellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Ijimaia,plicatellus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 123320960,Parateleopus microstomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATELEOPODIFORMES,ATELEOPODIDAE,Parateleopus,microstomus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912",A taxonomic revision of this family is needed (A. Roa-Varón and T. Iwamoto pers. comm. 2018). 40094,Oxychilus oglasicola,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,oglasicola,,,,,"Giusti, 1968", 123321057,Anotopterus nikparini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,ANOTOPTERIDAE,Anotopterus,nikparini,,,,,"Kukuev, 1998",

This species is very similar to Anotopterus pharao and may need further taxonomic investigation (Mundy 2005).

123321065,Anotopterus vorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,ANOTOPTERIDAE,Anotopterus,vorax,,,,,"(Regan, 1913)",Recent molecular systematics work by Ghedotti et al. (2015) placed this species in the family Paralepididae. 123321147,Aulopus bajacali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Aulopus,bajacali,,,,,"Parin & Kotlyar, 1984","Taxonomic work is needed to resolve the validity of records from further south in the Cocos Islands, the Galapagos and Ecuador that may represent a separate, undescribed species (Robertson and Allen 2015). Thompson (1998) provided a redescription of this species, wherein records from Ecuador and the Galapagos were considered valid as Aulopus bajacali." 123321390,Hime capitonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,capitonis,,,,,"Gomon & Struthers, 2015", 123321397,Hime caudizoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,caudizoma,,,,,"Gomon & Struthers, 2015", 123321416,Hime curtirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,curtirostris,,,,,"(Thomson, 1967)", 123321449,Hime diactithrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,diactithrix,,,,,"(Prokofiev, 2008)",Further taxonomic work is needed to determine the differences between this species and Hime formosanus (Prokofiev 2012). 123321480,Hime formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,formosanus,,,,,"(Lee & Chao, 1994)",

Further taxonomic work is needed to determine the differences between this species and Hime diactithrix (Prokofiev 2012).

123321528,Hime japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,japonica,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","

Records from Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands are now considered a separate species (Gomon et al. 2013, Gomon and Struthers 2015).

" 123321579,Hime microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,microps,,,,,"Parin & Kotlyar, 1989", 123321601,Hime pyrhistion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,pyrhistion,,,,,"Gomon, Struthers & Stewart, 2013", 123321694,Latropiscis purpurissatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Latropiscis,purpurissatus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1843)", 123321720,Leptaulopus damasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Leptaulopus,damasi,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1915)", 123321739,Leptaulopus erythrozonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Leptaulopus,erythrozonatus,,,,,"Gomon, Struthers & Stewart, 2013", 123321868,Bathysauroides gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,BATHYSAUROIDIDAE,Bathysauroides,gigas,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1952)", 123321944,Chlorophthalmus acutifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,acutifrons,,,,,"Hiyama, 1940",This species is sometimes confused with Chlorophthalmus nigromarginatus (Gomon 2015). 123321954,Chlorophthalmus albatrossis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,albatrossis,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1904",

This species has been confused with Chlorophthalmus pectoralis at times (Gomon 2015).

123321962,Chlorophthalmus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,brasiliensis,,,,,"Mead, 1958", 123321965,Chlorophthalmus chalybeius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,chalybeius,,,,,"(Goode, 1881)","

This species is listed as valid by Sato and Nakabo (2002) and Kobyliansky (2013) without explanation. Previously, the species was considered a synonym of Chlorophthalmus agassizi, and further taxonomic work is needed to resolve its validity.

" 123321972,Chlorophthalmus corniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,corniger,,,,,"Alcock, 1894",Chlorophthalmus bicornis is now considered a synonym of C. corniger (Bineesh et al. 2014). 123321975,Chlorophthalmus ichthyandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,ichthyandri,,,,,"Kotlyar & Parin, 1986", 123322013,Chlorophthalmus mascarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,mascarensis,,,,,"Kobyliansky, 2013", 123322027,Chlorophthalmus mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,mento,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 123322121,Chlorophthalmus nigromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,nigromarginatus,,,,,"Kamohara, 1953", 123322193,Chlorophthalmus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,pectoralis,,,,,"Okamura & Doi, 1984", 123322234,Chlorophthalmus productus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,productus,,,,,"Günther, 1887",This species was previously considered a synonym of Chlorophthalmus agassizi (Sato and Nakabo 2002). 123322237,Chlorophthalmus proridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,proridens,,,,,"Gilbert & Cramer, 1897", 123322264,Chlorophthalmus vityazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,vityazi,,,,,"Kobyliansky, 2013", 123322282,Chlorophthalmus zvezdae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,zvezdae,,,,,"Kotlyar & Parin, 1986", 123322424,Coccorella atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Coccorella,atrata,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 123322448,Evermannella ahlstromi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Evermannella,ahlstromi,,,,,"Johnson & Glodek, 1975", 123322451,Evermannella indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Evermannella,indica,,,,,"Brauer, 1906", 123322455,Evermannella megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,EVERMANNELLIDAE,Evermannella,megalops,,,,,"Johnson & Glodek, 1975", 123323165,Bathymicrops belyaninae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathymicrops,belyaninae,,,,,"Nielsen & Merrett, 1992", 123323253,Bathymicrops brevianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathymicrops,brevianalis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1966", 123323262,Bathypterois andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,andriashevi,,,,,"Sulak & Shcherbachev, 1988", 123323283,Bathypterois bigelowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,bigelowi,,,,,"Mead, 1958", 123323295,Bathypterois filiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,filiferus,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1906", 123323339,Bathypterois guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,guentheri,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 123323351,Bathypterois insularum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,insularum,,,,,"Alcock, 1892", 123323356,Bathypterois longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,longicauda,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 123323359,Bathypterois longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,longifilis,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 123323368,Bathypterois parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,parini,,,,,"Shcherbachev & Sulak, 1988", 123323371,Bathypterois pectinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,pectinatus,,,,,"Mead, 1959", 123323380,Bathypterois perceptor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,perceptor,,,,,"Sulak, 1977", 123323383,Bathypterois ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathypterois,ventralis,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 123323392,Bathysauropsis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathysauropsis,gracilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 123323411,Bathysauropsis malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathysauropsis,malayanus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 123323452,Discoverichthys praecox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Discoverichthys,praecox,,,,,"Merrett & Nielsen, 1987", 123323464,Ipnops meadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Ipnops,meadi,,,,,"Nielsen, 1966", 123323471,Ipnops murrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Ipnops,murrayi,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 123323501,Ipnops pristibrachium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Ipnops,pristibrachium,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)",This species was once considered a synonym of Ipnops agassizii (Sulak 1990). 123323849,Ahliesaurus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Ahliesaurus,brevis,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 123323873,Scopelosaurus adleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,adleri,,,,,"(Fedorov, 1967)","This species can be easily misidentified as Scopelosaurus harryi, and some workers have considered it a synonym of S. harryi previously (Balanov and Savinykh 1999, Milkova et al. 2016)." 123323914,Scopelosaurus ahlstromi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,ahlstromi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 123323927,Scopelosaurus craddocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,craddocki,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976",This species can be easily confused with Scopelosaurus hamiltoni (Stewart 2015). 123323933,Scopelosaurus hamiltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,hamiltoni,,,,,"(Waite, 1916)", 123324008,Scopelosaurus harryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,harryi,,,,,"Mead, 1953",This species can be easily confused with Scopelosaurus adleri (Milkova et al. 2016). 123324046,Scopelosaurus hoedti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,hoedti,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860", 123324238,Scopelosaurus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,hubbsi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 123324256,Scopelosaurus mauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,NOTOSUDIDAE,Scopelosaurus,mauli,,,,,"Bertelsen, Krefft & Marshall, 1976", 123324473,Lestidiops bathyopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,bathyopteryx,,,,,"(Fowler, 1944)", 123324530,Lestidiops extrema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,extrema,,,,,"(Ege, 1953)", 123324551,Lestidiops indopacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,indopacifica,,,,,"(Ege, 1953)","This species was described on the basis of a single juvenile specimen, which is in very poor condition now. Based on the position of dorsal and pelvic fins and the vertebral counts, it belongs to the Lestidium atlanticum species complex, and if valid, this is comprised of at least four distinct species. Moreover, many publications confuse this species with Lestidiops jayakari, which is also an unresolved complex (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 123324669,Lestidiops neles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,neles,,,,,"(Harry, 1953)",The holotype of this species was originally designated as a paratype of Lestidiops pacificus described by Parr (1931). 123324701,Lestidiops pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,pacificus,,,,,"(Parr, 1931)","Harry (1953) reported that the two known types were not conspecific and recognized the holotype as a valid species and the paratype was described as a new species, Lestidium neles (now Lestidiops neles). Some records from the western Pacific Ocean were confused with Lestidiops jayakari (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 123324812,Lestidiops sphyraenopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,sphyraenopsis,,,,,"Hubbs, 1916", 123324877,Lestidium bigelowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidium,bigelowi,,,,,"Graae, 1967", 123324951,Lestidium nudum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidium,nudum,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 123324964,Lestidium prolixum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidium,prolixum,,,,,"Harry, 1953","This species was originally recognized as Lestidium nudum and described as new by Harry (1953). It represents a species complex that is comprised of more than four morphologically similar species, and this is currently under study (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 123325036,Lestrolepis japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestrolepis,japonica,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1908)", 123325104,Lestidiops luetkeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestidiops,luetkeni,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)","This species belongs in the genus Lestidiops, and should be considered a valid species (Ho and Golani 2019, H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 123325166,Macroparalepis danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Macroparalepis,danae,,,,,"Ege, 1933", 123325193,Macroparalepis johnfitchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Macroparalepis,johnfitchi,,,,,"(Rofen, 1960)", 123325240,Macroparalepis longilateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Macroparalepis,longilateralis,,,,,"Post, 1973","According to Ghedotti et al. (2015), this species should be placed in the family Lestidiidae." 123325265,Macroparalepis macrogeneion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Macroparalepis,macrogeneion,,,,,"Post, 1973","According to Ghedotti et al. (2015), this species should be placed in the family Lestidiidae." 123325302,Macroparalepis nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Macroparalepis,nigra,,,,,"(Maul, 1965)","According to Ghedotti et al. (2015), this species should be placed in the family Lestidiidae." 123325459,Magnisudis indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Magnisudis,indica,,,,,"(Ege, 1953)", 123325715,Magnisudis prionosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Magnisudis,prionosa,,,,,"(Rofen, 1963)", 123325779,Notolepis annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Notolepis,annulata,,,,,"Post, 1978", 123325782,Notolepis coatsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Notolepis,coatsorum,,,,,"Dollo, 1908",This species may have been previously identified as Notolepis coatsi. 123325801,Stemonosudis distans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,distans,,,,,"(Ege, 1957)", 123325837,Stemonosudis elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,elegans,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)", 123325896,Stemonosudis elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,elongata,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)", 123325962,Stemonosudis macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,macrura,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)",This species may belong in the genus Lestidiops. The taxonomy of Lestidiops is quite confused and a complete revision is needed (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 123326019,Stemonosudis miscella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,miscella,,,,,"(Ege, 1933)", 123326064,Stemonosudis molesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,molesta,,,,,"(Marshall, 1955)", 123326101,Stemonosudis rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,rothschildi,,,,,"Richards, 1967","According to Ghedotti et al. (2015), this species should be placed in the family Lestidiidae." 123326216,Stemonosudis similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Stemonosudis,similis,,,,,"(Ege, 1957)", 123326288,Uncisudis posteropelvis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Uncisudis,posteropelvis,,,,,"Fukui & Ozawa, 2004", 123334405,Paraulopus atripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,atripes,,,,,"Sato & Nakabo, 2003", 123334420,Paraulopus balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,balteatus,,,,,"Gomon, 2010", 123334430,Paraulopus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1981)", 123334575,Paraulopus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,filamentosus,,,,,"(Okamura, 1982)", 123334668,Paraulopus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,japonicus,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1956)", 123334701,Paraulopus legandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,legandi,,,,,"(Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979)", 123334745,Paraulopus longianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,longianalis,,,,,"Sato, Gomon & Nakabo, 2010", 123334762,Paraulopus melanogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,melanogrammus,,,,,"Gomon & Sato, 2004", 123334771,Paraulopus melanostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,melanostomus,,,,,"Sato, Gomon & Nakabo, 2010", 123334873,Paraulopus nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)",This species was previously in the genus Chlorophthalmus (Sato and Nakabo 2002). 123334902,Paraulopus novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"Sato & Nakabo, 2002", 123334955,Paraulopus oblongus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,oblongus,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1953)", 123334962,Paraulopus okamurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARAULOPIDAE,Paraulopus,okamurai,,,,,"Sato & Nakabo, 2002", 123335133,Pseudotrichonotus altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PSEUDOTRICHONOTIDAE,Pseudotrichonotus,altivelis,,,,,"Yoshino & Araga, 1975", 123335148,Pseudotrichonotus belos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PSEUDOTRICHONOTIDAE,Pseudotrichonotus,belos,,,,,"Gill & Pogonoski, 2016", 123335178,Pseudotrichonotus caeruleoflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PSEUDOTRICHONOTIDAE,Pseudotrichonotus,caeruleoflavus,,,,,"Allen, Erdmann, Suharti & Sianipar, 2017", 123335187,Pseudotrichonotus xanthotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PSEUDOTRICHONOTIDAE,Pseudotrichonotus,xanthotaenia,,,,,"Parin, 1992", 123335263,Benthalbella dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Benthalbella,dentata,,,,,"(Chapman, 1939)", 123335326,Benthalbella elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Benthalbella,elongata,,,,,"(Norman, 1937)", 123335390,Benthalbella linguidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Benthalbella,linguidens,,,,,"(Mead & Böhlke, 1953)", 123335481,Lagiacrusichthys macropinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Lagiacrusichthys,macropinna,,,,,"(Bussing & Bussing, 1966)",The genus of this species was changed from Benthalbella to Lagiacrusichthys according to Davis (2015). 123335557,Rosenblattichthys alatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Rosenblattichthys,alatus,,,,,"(Fourmanoir, 1970)", 123335574,Rosenblattichthys nemotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Rosenblattichthys,nemotoi,,,,,"Okiyama & Johnson, 1986", 123335589,Rosenblattichthys volucris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Rosenblattichthys,volucris,,,,,"(Rofen, 1966)", 123335620,Scopelarchoides climax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchoides,climax,,,,,"Johnson, 1974", 123335673,Scopelarchoides kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchoides,kreffti,,,,,"Johnson, 1972", 123335677,Scopelarchoides nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchoides,nicholsi,,,,,"Parr, 1929", 123335680,Scopelarchoides signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchoides,signifer,,,,,"Johnson, 1974", 123350079,Harpadon erythraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Harpadon,erythraeus,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1983", 123350095,Harpadon microchir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Harpadon,microchir,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 123350103,Harpadon mortenseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Harpadon,mortenseni,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1933","This species possibly represents another species of Harpadon, pending further taxonomic study we provisionally recognise it as distinct here (B. Russell pers. comm.)." 123350109,Harpadon nudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Harpadon,nudus,,,,,"Ganga, Thomas & Sukumaran, 2016", 123350119,Harpadon squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Harpadon,squamosus,,,,,"Alcock, 1891", 123350125,Harpadon translucens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Harpadon,translucens,,,,,"Saville-Kent, 1889", 123354369,Saurida argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,argentea,,,,,"Macleay, 1881",This species is part of a complex of several species of Saurida that have very short pectoral fins. Its taxonomic position is currently subject to ongoing study but the name argentea is one of the oldest available names for the complex and for the present we recognise it as a valid species (B. Russell pers. comm. 2019). 123354372,Saurida filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,filamentosa,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910", 123354384,Saurida golanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,golanii,,,,,"Russell, 2011", 123354387,Saurida grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,grandisquamis,,,,,"Günther, 1864",This species has been confused with the closely-related Saurida undosquamis and is currently subject of taxonomic review (B.C. Russell pers. comm. 2019). 123354515,Saurida lessepsianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,lessepsianus,,,,,"Russell, Golani & Tikochinski, 2015", 123354731,Saurida longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,longimanus,,,,,"Norman, 1939","This distinctive species has very long pectoral fins and is not easily confused with other species of Saurida. However, individuals from the Red Sea appear to be genetically distinct from individuals from the rest of its distribution (B. Russell unpublished data); additional material is needed to determine whether these specimens represent two distinct species and to determine the limits of their respective distributions." 123354734,Saurida macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,macrolepis,,,,,"Tanaka, 1917","Russell et al. (2015) regarded S. macrolepis as restricted to the Western Pacific, and described a new species, S. lessepsianus, for the species previously identified in the Western Indian Ocean as S. macrolepis or S. undosquamis. However, the exact distribution of S. macrolepis remains uncertain, and further research is needed." 123354780,Saurida parri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,parri,,,,,"Norman, 1935","This species was previously considered a synonym of Saurida brasiliensis, but is now considered valid according to Russell (2016)." 123354795,Saurida tweddlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,tweddlei,,,,,"Russell, 2015", 123354821,Saurida umeyoshii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,umeyoshii,,,,,"Inoue & Nakabo, 2006", 123354833,Saurida wanieso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Saurida,wanieso,,,,,"Shindo & Yamada, 1972","This species has been misidentified as Saurida filamentosa by some authors. All records of S. filamentosa from Japan, China and Taiwan should represent S. wanieso (B. Russell pers. comm. 2019)." 123354995,Synodus fasciapelvicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,fasciapelvicus,,,,,"Randall, 2009", 123355098,Synodus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,fuscus,,,,,"Tanaka, 1917", 123355145,Synodus gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,gibbsi,,,,,"Cressey, 1981", 123355158,Synodus houlti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,houlti,,,,,"McCulloch, 1921","Synodus houlti was previously synonymised with S. variegatus by Cressey 1981 and others, but was considered as a possibly distinct species by Waples and Randall 1988. It is here regarded as a valid species, but further taxonomic work is needed." 123355193,Synodus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,indicus,,,,,"(Day, 1873)", 123355275,Synodus marchenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,marchenae,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 123355281,Synodus mascarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,mascarensis,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2008", 123355292,Synodus nigrotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,nigrotaeniatus,,,,,"Allen, Erdmann & Peristiwady, 2017", 123355359,Synodus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,orientalis,,,,,"Randall & Pyle, 2008",This species was previously identified as Synodus lobeli (Randall and Pyle 2008). 123355374,Synodus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,pacificus,,,,,"Ho, Chen & Shao, 2016", 123355378,Synodus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,randalli,,,,,"Cressey, 1981","In the Red Sea, Baranes and Golani (1993) mistakenly reported this species as Synodus doaki (Randall 2009)." 123355386,Synodus sageneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,sageneus,,,,,"Waite, 1905", 123355395,Synodus sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,sanguineus,,,,,"Randall, 2009", 123355425,Synodus vityazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Synodus,vityazi,,,,,"Ho, Prokofiev & Shao, 2010",This species was previously misidentified as Synodus macrocephalus (Ho et al. 2010). 123355554,Trachinocephalus gauguini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Trachinocephalus,gauguini,,,,,"Polanco Fernandez, Acero P. & Betancur-R., 2016","The nearly circumtropical T. myops was recently separated into three valid species: T. myops, restricted to the Atlantic Ocean; T. trachinus, known from throughout the Indo-West Pacific; and T. gauguini restricted to the Marquesas Islands (Polanco et al. 2016)." 123355563,Trachinocephalus trachinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Trachinocephalus,trachinus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","The nearly circumtropical T. myops was recently separated into three valid species: T. myops, restricted to the Atlantic Ocean; T. trachnius, known from throughout the Indo-West Pacific; and T. gauguini known from the Marquesas Islands (Polanco et al. 2016) and New Ireland, PNG (Wang et al. 2018). However, more recent genetic analyses suggest that this may actually consist of several cryptic species in the Western Indian Ocean (B. Russell unpublished data). More research is needed to resolve this." 123355696,Anomalops katoptron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Anomalops,katoptron,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 123355965,Parmops coruscans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Parmops,coruscans,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1991", 123355990,Parmops echinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Parmops,echinatus,,,,,"Johnson, Seeto & Rosenblatt, 2001", 123356060,Photoblepharon palpebratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Photoblepharon,palpebratum,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1781)", 123356073,Photoblepharon steinitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Photoblepharon,steinitzi,,,,,"Abe & Haneda, 1973", 123356234,Anoplogaster brachycera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOPLOGASTRIDAE,Anoplogaster,brachycera,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1986","According to Moore (2002), this species is only known from juvenile specimens and some specimens identified as Anoplogaster cornuta may be adult forms of A. brachycera. The validity of this species is in question due to recent genetic analyses (J. Moore pers. comm. 2018)." 123356265,Beryx mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Beryx,mollis,,,,,"Abe, 1959", 123356336,Centroberyx australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Centroberyx,australis,,,,,"Shimizu & Hutchins, 1987",This species is often misidentified as Centroberyx affinis (Roberts and Gomon 2008). 123356346,Centroberyx druzhinini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Centroberyx,druzhinini,,,,,"(Busakhin, 1981)", 123356374,Centroberyx lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Centroberyx,lineatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 123356516,Centroberyx rubricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Centroberyx,rubricaudus,,,,,"Liu & Shen, 1985",Some workers suspect this species may be a synonym of Centroberyx druzhinini (Randall and Lim 2000). 123356530,Centroberyx spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,BERYCIDAE,Centroberyx,spinosus,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1903)", 123356696,Diretmoides veriginae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,DIRETMIDAE,Diretmoides,veriginae,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1987", 123356757,Cleidopus gloriamaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,MONOCENTRIDAE,Cleidopus,gloriamaris,,,,,"De Vis, 1882", 123356787,Monocentris reedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,MONOCENTRIDAE,Monocentris,reedi,,,,,"Schultz, 1956", 123356887,Aulotrachichthys atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Aulotrachichthys,atlanticus,,,,,"(Menezes, 1971)", 123358153,Aulotrachichthys heptalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Aulotrachichthys,heptalepis,,,,,"(Gon, 1984)", 123358174,Aulotrachichthys latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Aulotrachichthys,latus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 123358198,Aulotrachichthys novaezelandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Aulotrachichthys,novaezelandicus,,,,,"(Kotlyar, 1980)", 123358272,Aulotrachichthys prosthemius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Aulotrachichthys,prosthemius,,,,,"(Jordan & Fowler, 1902)", 123358286,Aulotrachichthys pulsator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Aulotrachichthys,pulsator,,,,,"Gomon & Kuiter, 1987", 123358301,Gephyroberyx japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Gephyroberyx,japonicus,,,,,"(Döderlein, 1883)", 123358392,Hoplostethus abramovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,abramovi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1986", 123358403,Hoplostethus confinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,confinis,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1980", 123358410,Hoplostethus crassispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,crassispinus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1980", 123358425,Hoplostethus druzhinini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,druzhinini,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1986", 123358434,Hoplostethus fedorovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,fedorovi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1986", 123358439,Hoplostethus fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,fragilis,,,,,"(de Buen, 1959)","There is some question as to whether this is a junior synonym of Hoplostethus atlanticus, as the features to distinguish H. fragilis from H. atlanticus are mostly minor differences, but without the specimens to examine, it is difficult to conclusively show this (J. Moore pers. comm. 2019)." 123358453,Hoplostethus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,gigas,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914", 123358461,Hoplostethus grandperrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,grandperrini,,,,,"Roberts & Gomon, 2012", 123358676,Hoplostethus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,japonicus,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1879", 123358759,Hoplostethus latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,latus,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1914)", 123359079,Hoplostethus melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,melanopterus,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 123359108,Hoplostethus mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,mento,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 123359164,Hoplostethus mikhailini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,mikhailini,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1986", 123359232,Hoplostethus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,pacificus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 123359249,Hoplostethus ravurictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,ravurictus,,,,,"Gomon, 2008", 123359277,Hoplostethus rifti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,rifti,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1986", 123359280,Hoplostethus rubellopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,rubellopterus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1980", 123359305,Hoplostethus shubnikovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,shubnikovi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1980", 123359368,Hoplostethus tenebricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Hoplostethus,tenebricus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1980", 123359431,Optivus agastos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Optivus,agastos,,,,,"Gomon, 2004", 123359446,Optivus agrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Optivus,agrammus,,,,,"Gomon, 2004", 123359459,Optivus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Optivus,elongatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 123359513,Paratrachichthys macleayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Paratrachichthys,macleayi,,,,,"(Johnston, 1881)", 123359677,Paratrachichthys sajademalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Paratrachichthys,sajademalensis,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1979","Although originally described as in the genus Paratrachichthys, this species has the striated tubular light organs found in Aulotrachichthys. The three Paratrachichthys species all lack these tubular light organs. The genus name here should be changed to Aulotrachichthys (J. Moore pers. comm. 2019).

Since there is no published or in prep. taxonomic publications to support the genus name change, the original name is retained in the IUCN Red List, with Aulotrachichthys sajademalensis included as a synonym. If a taxonomic revision is accepted and published, the IUCN Red List will be updated then." 123359692,Paratrachichthys trailli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Paratrachichthys,trailli,,,,,"(Hutton, 1875)", 123359782,Parinoberyx horridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Parinoberyx,horridus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1984", 123359924,Sorosichthys ananassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Sorosichthys,ananassa,,,,,"Whitley, 1945", 123359970,Trachichthys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,TRACHICHTHYIDAE,Trachichthys,australis,,,,,"Shaw, 1799", 123360411,Ataxolepis henactis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Ataxolepis,henactis,,,,,"Goodyear, 1870", 123360429,Cetichthys parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetichthys,parini,,,,,"Paxton, 1989", 123360476,Cetomimus craneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetomimus,craneae,,,,,"Harry, 1952", 123360481,Cetomimus picklei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetomimus,picklei,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1922)", 123360553,Eutaeniophorus festivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Eutaeniophorus,festivus,,,,,"(Bertelsen & Marshall, 1956)", 123360771,Gyrinomimus andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Gyrinomimus,andriashevi,,,,,"Fedorov, Balushkin & Trunov, 1987", 123360857,Gyrinomimus bruuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Gyrinomimus,bruuni,,,,,"Rofen, 1959",The genus Gyrinomimus is being revised by John Paxton (Moore et al. 2003). 123360888,Gyrinomimus grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Gyrinomimus,grahami,,,,,"Richardson & Garrick, 1964", 123360939,Notocetichthys trunovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Notocetichthys,trunovi,,,,,"Balushkin, Fedorov & Paxton, 1989", 123361038,Parataeniophorus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Parataeniophorus,brevis,,,,,"Bertelsen & Marshall, 1956", 123361068,Vitiaziella cubiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Vitiaziella,cubiceps,,,,,"Rass, 1955", 89183567,Leptobrachella juliandringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,juliandringi,,,,,"Eto, Matsui & Nishikawa, 2015",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptobrachella mjobergi (Eto et al. 2015). 79076429,Leptobrachella fritinniens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,fritinniens,,,,,"(Dehling & Matsui, 2013)",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptolalax dringi and L. gracilis (Dehling and Matsui 2013).

This species was moved from Leptolalax to Leptobrachella (Chen et al. 2018). 123373847,Lampris immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,LAMPRIDAE,Lampris,immaculatus,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1904", 123374956,Lophotus guntheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,LOPHOTIDAE,Lophotus,guntheri,,,,,"Johnston, 1883","The taxonomy of Lophotus species remains uncertain due to the lack of type specimens, comparative material and oversight of previous taxonomic treatment. This species was previously considered a synonym of Lophotus lacepedei by Goin and Erdman (1951), but further analyses by Craig et al. (2004) established it as a valid separate species. The examination of additional specimens of this species is needed (Craig et al. 2004, Koeda and Ho 2017)." 123374976,Lophotus machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,LOPHOTIDAE,Lophotus,machadoi,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1927","The taxonomy of Lophotus species remains uncertain due to the lack of type specimens, comparative material and oversight of previous taxonomic treatment (Craig et al. 2004). It has been suggested that Lophotus machadoi may be a synonym of L. lacepede, and its taxonomy requires further investigation (Menezes et al. 2003, Koeda and Ho 2017)." 123375793,Agrostichthys parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,REGALECIDAE,Agrostichthys,parkeri,,,,,"(Benham, 1904)","There are very few intact specimens of this species, which has caused some confusion when classifying individuals." 123375825,Desmodema lorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Desmodema,lorum,,,,,"Rosenblatt & Butler, 1977", 123375849,Trachipterus altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Trachipterus,altivelis,,,,,"Kner, 1859","Savinykh and Baitalyuk (2011) suggested Trachipterus altivelis is a junior synonym of T. trachypterus, but this requires further study.

" 123375979,Trachipterus arawatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Trachipterus,arawatae,,,,,"Clarke, 1881","There is taxonomic confusion amongst species in the Trachipteridae family (Scott 1983, Martin 2015). The taxonomic status of Trachipterus arawatae appears uncertain. Scott (1983) recognized T. arawatae as a senior synonym of T. jacksonensis, while Heemstra and Kannemeyer (1984) recognized T. arawatae as a junior synonym of T. trachypterus (Martin 2015, Roberts et al. 2015)." 123376181,Trachipterus fukuzakii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Trachipterus,fukuzakii,,,,,"Fitch, 1964", 123376199,Trachipterus ishikawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Trachipterus,ishikawae,,,,,"Jordan & Snyder, 1901",

The Trachipterus genus is in need of revision (Savinykh and Baitalyuk 2011). Savinykh and Baitalyuk (2011) and Martin (2015) consider T. ishikawae a junior synonym of T. trachypterus.


123376283,Trachipterus jacksonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,TRACHIPTERIDAE,Trachipterus,jacksonensis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1881)",This species 123376425,Metavelifer multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,VELIFERIDAE,Metavelifer,multiradiatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1907)","The family Veliferidae is in need of revision (Olney 1999)." 123376458,Velifer hypselopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LAMPRIFORMES,VELIFERIDAE,Velifer,hypselopterus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1879","The family Veliferidae is in need of revision (Olney 1999)." 1075,Ambassis elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,elongata,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1878)", 2804,Bidyanus bidyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Bidyanus,bidyanus,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1838)", 3461,Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Cairnsichthys,rhombosomoides,,,,,"(Nichols & Raven, 1928)",The species was long considered to be monotypic of the genus. Recently (2012) a northern outlier population thought to be the Cairns Rainbowfish Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides (Martin and Barclay 2013) was found to be genetically and morphologically unique and was formally described as part of a generic revision in 2018 (Hammer et al. 2018). 5487,Craterocephalus amniculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,amniculus,,,,,"Crowley & Ivantsoff, 1990", 5489,Craterocephalus dalhousiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,dalhousiensis,,,,,"Ivantsoff & Glover, 1974","The species was previously considered two species C. dalhousiensis and C. gloveri (Crowley & Ivantsoff 1990), but recent phylogenetic analyses suggests only one species (Unmack and Dowling 2010). For the purpose of the assessment, they are treated as a single taxon." 5492,Craterocephalus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,helenae,,,,,"Ivantsoff, Crowley & Allen, 1987", 5495,Craterocephalus lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,lentiginosus,,,,,"Ivantsoff, Crowley & Allen, 1987", 5496,Craterocephalus marianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,marianae,,,,,"Ivantsoff, Crowley & Allen, 1987", 8819,Galaxiella nigrostriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxiella,nigrostriata,,,,,"(Shipway, 1953)", 8820,Galaxiella pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxiella,pusilla,,,,,"(Mack, 1936)","A recent taxonomic revision (Coleman et al. 2015) has split this taxon into two species, revising Galaxiella pusilla and describing a new species Galaxiella toourtkoourt." 8821,Galaxiella munda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxiella,munda,,,,,"McDowall, 1978", 9670,Hannia greenwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hannia,greenwayi,,,,,"Vari, 1978", 9945,Hephaestus epirrhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,epirrhinos,,,,,"Vari & Hutchins, 1978", 10993,Kimberleyeleotris hutchinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Kimberleyeleotris,hutchinsi,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1987", 10994,Kimberleyeleotris notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Kimberleyeleotris,notata,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1987", 11060,Kuhlia marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,marginata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Synonyms of this species include Dules maculatus Valenciennes 1831 (Sulawesi) and Dules papuensis Macleay, 1884 (New Guinea)." 11575,Lepidogalaxias salamandroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,LEPIDOGALAXIIDAE,Lepidogalaxias,salamandroides,,,,,"Mees, 1961", 12573,Maccullochella ikei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Maccullochella,ikei,,,,,"Rowland, 1986", 12574,Maccullochella macquariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Maccullochella,macquariensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 13054,Melanotaenia eachamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,eachamensis,,,,,"Allen & Cross, 1982", 13061,Melanotaenia exquisita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,exquisita,,,,,"Allen, 1978",This species is a cryptic species complex comprised of at least three species (M. Hammer unpubl data 2019). 13062,Melanotaenia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,gracilis,,,,,"Allen, 1978", 13075,Melanotaenia pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,pygmaea,,,,,"Allen, 1978", 13555,Milyeringa veritas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Milyeringa,veritas,,,,,"Whitley, 1945", 13609,Mogurnda adspersa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,adspersa,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1878)", 14320,Nannatherina balstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Nannatherina,balstoni,,,,,"Regan, 1906", 14321,Nannoperca oxleyana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Nannoperca,oxleyana,,,,,"Whitley, 1940", 14322,Nannoperca variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Nannoperca,variegata,,,,,"Kuiter & Allen, 1986", 15386,Ophisternon candidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Ophisternon,candidum,,,,,"(Mees, 1962)", 16109,Paragalaxias mesotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Paragalaxias,mesotes,,,,,"McDowall & Fulton, 1978", 17287,Pingalla gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Pingalla,gilberti,,,,,"Whitley, 1955", 17288,Pingalla midgleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Pingalla,midgleyi,,,,,"Allen & Merrick, 1984", 18383,Prototroctes maraena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,RETROPINNIDAE,Prototroctes,maraena,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 18543,Pseudomugil mellis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,mellis,,,,,"Allen & Ivantsoff, 1982","Formerly considered to be a colour variety of the Pacific Blue-eye (Pseudomugil signifer) (Allen & Ivantsoff, 1982), the Honey Blue-eye differs in size (3.8 cm as opposed to 8.8 cm for male and 6.3 cm for female Pacific Blue-eyes) and in colouring, with the Pacific Blue-eye having a semi-transparent body that can vary in colour from pale olive, yellow to bluish." 19951,Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Scaturiginichthys,vermeilipinnis,,,,,"Ivantsoff, Unmack, Saeed & Crowley, 1991", 20035,Scleropages leichardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Scleropages,leichardti,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 20049,Scortum hillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Scortum,hillii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1878)",The specific name was incorrectly spelt as hilli on earlier Red Lists. 20050,Scortum parviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Scortum,parviceps,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)", 21252,Syncomistes kimberleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,kimberleyensis,,,,,"Vari, 1978","As this species was described based on juvenile specimen, there was ongoing taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species until recently." 21253,Syncomistes rastellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,rastellus,,,,,"Vari & Hutchins, 1978", 39301,Nannoperca obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Nannoperca,obscura,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1872)", 40692,Craterocephalus fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,fluviatilis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1912", 166533,Glossogobius giuris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,giuris,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","This species was originally described from the Ganges river system in India. It is likely to be a species-complex, with work presently ongoing (D.F. Hoese pers. comm. 2018)." 169355,Ambassis macleayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,macleayi,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1878)", 169364,Toxotes lorentzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TOXOTIDAE,Toxotes,lorentzi,,,,,"Weber, 1910", 169365,Kurtus gulliveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KURTIDAE,Kurtus,gulliveri,,,,,"Castelnau, 1878", 195780,Gymnothorax polyuranodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,MURAENIDAE,Gymnothorax,polyuranodon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 196317,Giuris margaritaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Giuris,margaritaceus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","This species is often referred to in older literature as Ophieleotris aporos. There are at least three species under this name and further research is needed." 196324,Awaous acritosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,acritosus,,,,,"Watson, 1994", 196375,Sicyopus discordipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopus,discordipinnis,,,,,"Watson, 1995", 196403,Stiphodon rutilaureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,rutilaureus,,,,,"Watson, 1996", 202833,Awaous ocellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,ocellaris,,,,,"(Broussonet, 1782)",The name of this species has been mis-used for a long time. 98821820,Potamalosa richmondia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Potamalosa,richmondia,,,,,(Macleay 1879), 122898736,Mordacia mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Mordacia,mordax,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 122899816,Neoceratodus forsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,SARCOPTERYGII,CERATODONTIFORMES,NEOCERATODONTIDAE,Neoceratodus,forsteri,,,,,"(Krefft, 1870)", 122899850,Scleropages jardinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Scleropages,jardinii,,,,,"(Saville-Kent, 1892)", 122900149,Neosiluroides cooperensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosiluroides,cooperensis,,,,,"Allen & Feinberg, 1998", 122900230,Neosilurus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,ater,,,,,"(Perugia, 1894)", 122900265,Neosilurus brevidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,brevidorsalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 122900298,Neosilurus gloveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,gloveri,,,,,"Allen & Feinberg, 1998", 122900915,Neosilurus mollespiculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,mollespiculum,,,,,"Allen & Feinberg, 1998", 122901716,Porochilus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Porochilus,argenteus,,,,,"(Zietz, 1896)", 122901724,Porochilus obbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Porochilus,obbesi,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 122901757,Porochilus rendahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Porochilus,rendahli,,,,,"(Whitley, 1928)", 122902003,Tandanus tandanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Tandanus,tandanus,,,,,"(Mitchell, 1838)", 122902013,Tandanus bellingerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Tandanus,bellingerensis,,,,,"Welsh, Jerry, Burrows & Rourke, 2017", 122902036,Tandanus tropicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Tandanus,tropicanus,,,,,"Welsh, Jerry & Burrows, 2014", 122902058,Tandanus bostocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Tandanus,bostocki,,,,,"Whitley, 1944", 122902110,Retropinna tasmanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,RETROPINNIDAE,Retropinna,tasmanica,,,,,"McCulloch, 1920", 122902229,Galaxias aequipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,aequipinnis,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902237,Galaxias arcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,arcanus,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902289,Galaxias auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,auratus,,,,,"Johnston, 1883", 122902298,Galaxias brevissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,brevissimus,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902325,Galaxias gunaikurnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,gunaikurnai,,,,,Raadik 2014,"Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902334,Galaxias lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,lanceolatus,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902339,Galaxias longifundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,longifundus,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902356,Galaxias mcdowalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,mcdowalli,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902464,Galaxias mungadhan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,mungadhan,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014)." 122902529,Galaxias olidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,olidus,,,,,Günther 1866,"Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866, previously revised by McDowall and Frankenberg (1981) was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al. 2014) and revised (Raadik 2014)." 122902581,Galaxias oliros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,oliros,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","

Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik, 2011; Adams et al., 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik, 2014).

" 122902594,Galaxias ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,ornatus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1873","Until recently, synonymised under Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 by McDowall & Frankenberg (1981) until found to be a valid species (Raadik 2011, Adams et al. 2014) and revised and re-elevated (Raadik 2014)." 122903211,Galaxias supremus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,supremus,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik 2011, Adams et al. 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik 2014)." 122903246,Galaxias tantangara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,tantangara,,,,,"Raadik, 2014", 122903260,Galaxias terenasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,terenasus,,,,,"Raadik, 2014","Until recently, known as Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 which was found to be an unresolved species complex (Raadik 2011, Adams et al. 2014) and revised, with this new taxon described (Raadik 2014). Recent on-going taxonomic work has indicated the populations of this taxon in the Cann River system in Victoria are a separate, new species, and are excluded from this assessment (T. Raadik unpublished data)." 122903281,Galaxias truttaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,truttaceus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846","Using combined genetic analyses, Morgan et al. (2016) confirmed the presence of genetically distinctive western and eastern subpopulations in G. truttaceus, but found no evidence that these subpopulations reflect either different species or subspecies (congruent with morphological data), meeting only part of the genetic criteria for separate evolutionary significant units (ESUs) (McDowall and Frankenberg 1981, Morgan et al. 2016). These authors state that the western populations do merit recognition as discrete ESUs when the definition of an ESU is broadened to include ecological criteria, namely, the unique ecology of western populations as a signal of evolutionary divergence and regional adaptation (see Morgan 2003, Morgan et al. 2016)." 122904035,Galaxiella toourtkoourt,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxiella,toourtkoourt,,,,,"Coleman & Raadik, 2015",Previously known as Galaxiella pusilla (Mack 1936) until the species was revised (Coleman et al. 2015) and this taxon was described. 122904059,Lovettia sealii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Lovettia,sealii,,,,,"(Johnston, 1883)", 122904064,Neochanna cleaveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Neochanna,cleaveri,,,,,"(Scott, 1934)", 122904093,Paragalaxias dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Paragalaxias,dissimilis,,,,,"(Regan, 1906)", 122904106,Paragalaxias eleotroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Paragalaxias,eleotroides,,,,,McDowall & Fulton 1978, 122904234,Paragalaxias julianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Paragalaxias,julianus,,,,,"McDowall & Fulton, 1978", 122905558,Zenarchopterus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 122905606,Strongylura krefftii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,BELONIDAE,Strongylura,krefftii,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 122905722,Craterocephalus cuneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,cuneiceps,,,,,"Whitley, 1944", 122905727,Craterocephalus eyresii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,eyresii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1883)", 122905752,Craterocephalus marjoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,marjoriae,,,,,"Whitley, 1948", 122905787,Melanotaenia australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,australis,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1875)", 122905910,Melanotaenia duboulayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,duboulayi,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1878)", 122905924,Melanotaenia fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1878)", 122905960,Melanotaenia nigrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,nigrans,,,,,"(Richardson, 1843)", 122905995,Melanotaenia splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,splendida,,,,,"(Peters, 1866)", 122906035,Melanotaenia utcheensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,utcheensis,,,,,"McGuigan, 2001","The original description appears to apply to more than one species including a putative upland form that was recognised as distinct, specifically Short Creek. This account only considers the lowland true form." 122906064,Pseudomugil gertrudae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,gertrudae,,,,,"Weber, 1911", 122906085,Notesthes robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Notesthes,robusta,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 122906114,Ambassis agrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,agrammus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 122906133,Denariusa australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Denariusa,australis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 122906148,Parambassis gulliveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,gulliveri,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1878)", 122906177,Maccullochella mariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Maccullochella,mariensis,,,,,"Rowland, 1993", 122906197,Nannoperca pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Nannoperca,pygmaea,,,,,"Morgan, Beatty & Adams, 2013", 122906333,Bidyanus welchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Bidyanus,welchi,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1917)", 122906397,Hephaestus carbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,carbo,,,,,"(Ogilby & McCulloch, 1916)", 122906480,Hephaestus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)", 122906488,Hephaestus jenkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,jenkinsi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1945)", 122906508,Hephaestus tulliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,tulliensis,,,,,"De Vis, 1884", 122906520,Leiopotherapon unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Leiopotherapon,unicolor,,,,,"(Günther, 1859)", 122906567,Pingalla lorentzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Pingalla,lorentzi,,,,,"(Weber, 1910)", 122906630,Scortum barcoo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Scortum,barcoo,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1917)", 122906680,Scortum neili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Scortum,neili,,,,,"Allen, Larson & Midgley, 1993", 122906690,Scortum ogilbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Scortum,ogilbyi,,,,,"Whitley, 1951", 122906710,Syncomistes trigonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,trigonicus,,,,,"Vari, 1978", 122906734,Variichthys lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Variichthys,lacustris,,,,,"(Mees & Kailola, 1977)", 122913483,Toxotes kimberleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TOXOTIDAE,Toxotes,kimberleyensis,,,,,"Allen, 2004", 122913501,Pseudaphritis urvillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDAPHRITIDAE,Pseudaphritis,urvillii,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1832)", 122913638,Gobiomorphus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,australis,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)", 122913758,Gobiomorphus coxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Gobiomorphus,coxii,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)", 122913831,Mogurnda clivicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,clivicola,,,,,"Allen & Jenkins, 1999","In general, purple-spotted gudgeons (genus Mogurnda, family Eleotridae) are distributed across north, east and central regions of Australia and extend up into New Guinea. Based on genetic studies and knowledge of current distributions, they are believed to have originated in Queensland, gradually moving south and west along drainage systems (Adams et al. 2013, M. Hammer pers. comm. 2016). As the climate dried, these drainage systems became disconnected and rearranged. Populations were subsequently isolated and eventually speciated (Faulks et al. 2010, Kerezsy et al. 2010). However, both M. clivicola and Southern Purple-spotted Gudgeon (M. adspersa) are both still the most widespread of all Australian Mogurnda. However, more species are believed to be distinct which have yet to be taxonomically identified and several Evolutionary Significant Units (ESUs) have been proposed (Faulks 2010, Adams et al. 2013). The distribution of M. civicola used in this assessment is based on the latest genetic assessments to confirm positive records." 122913867,Mogurnda larapintae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,larapintae,,,,,"(Zietz, 1896)", 122913887,Mogurnda thermophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,thermophila,,,,,"Allen & Jenkins, 1999", 122913912,Oxyeleotris aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,aruensis,,,,,"(Weber, 1911)",Disjunct populations may represent separate species (M. Hammer and B. Ebner pers. comm. 2019). 122913956,Oxyeleotris fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,fimbriata,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 122913966,Oxyeleotris selheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,selheimi,,,,,"(Macleay, 1884)", 122913992,Oxyeleotris nullipora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,nullipora,,,,,"Roberts, 1978", 122914012,Chlamydogobius eremius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chlamydogobius,eremius,,,,,"(Zietz, 1896)", 122914080,Chlamydogobius japalpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chlamydogobius,japalpa,,,,,"Larson, 1995",Described as distinct species from Desert Goby Chlamydogobius eremius in 1995. 122914087,Glossogobius bellendenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,bellendenensis,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2009", 122914109,Glossogobius concavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,concavifrons,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)", 122914153,Glossogobius munroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,munroi,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2012", 122914167,Glossogobius nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,nanus,,,,,"Hoese, Allen & Hadiaty, 2017", 122914190,Cynoglossus heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,heterolepis,,,,,"Weber, 1910", 122914198,Brachirus salinarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,salinarum,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910","The characters used to separate the two Australian freshwater Brachirus overlap making it difficult to distinguish between the two species." 122914216,Brachirus selheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,selheimi,,,,,"(Macleay, 1882)",The characters used to separate the two Australian freshwater Brachirus overlap making it difficult to distinguish between the two species. 122914262,Leptachirus darwinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,darwinensis,,,,,"Randall, 2007",Includes L. polylepis which is regarded as a junior synonym. 122914292,Leptachirus triramus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,triramus,,,,,"Randall, 2007", 122914305,Synclidopus hogani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Synclidopus,hogani,,,,,"Johnson & Randall, 2008", 123321483,Melanotaenia sp. nov. 'Malanda',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sp. nov. 'Malanda',,,,,,This species is currently being described based on initial genetic evidence with specimens stored at the Northern Territory museum. 123321496,Melanotaenia sp. nov. 'Running River',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sp. nov. 'Running River',,,,,,"There is a taxonomic revision in progress, specimens have been lodged at the NT museum." 123321717,Hypseleotris sp. nov. 'bald',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,sp. nov. 'bald',,,,,,The species description has been drafted and should be submitted in 2019 (P. Unmack pers. comm. 2019). 123355147,Anodontiglanis dahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Anodontiglanis,dahli,,,,,"Rendahl, 1922",The Fitzroy (Kimberley) population is likely to be a separate species (P. Unmack pers. comm. 2019) and therefore a reassessment may be required in the future. 123355196,Neosilurus hyrtlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,hyrtlii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867", 123355725,Neosilurus pseudospinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,pseudospinosus,,,,,"Allen & Feinberg, 1998", 123355754,Retropinna semoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,RETROPINNIDAE,Retropinna,semoni,,,,,"(Weber, 1895)", 123355786,Galaxias occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,occidentalis,,,,,"Ogilby, 1899", 123355828,Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,stercusmuscarum,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 123355925,Craterocephalus stramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,stramineus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1950)", 123357089,Iriatherina werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Iriatherina,werneri,,,,,"Meinken, 1974", 123357139,Melanotaenia wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,wilsoni,,,,,"Hammer, Allen, Martin, Adams & Unmack 2019","This species is the isolated Darwin population of McCulloch's Rainbowfish (Armstrong 1995). It is geographically isolated from its nearest relatives in New Guinea and Cape York, and is genetically distinct enough to warrant species status (Cook et al. 2012, Unmack et al. 2013). A current taxonomic description is in process (Hammer et al. in prep). Specimens are held at the Northern Territory Museum." 123357148,Melanotaenia trifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,trifasciata,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1922)",This species is a species complex comprised of several species (M. Hammer unpubl. data 2019). 123357268,Rhadinocentrus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Rhadinocentrus,ornatus,,,,,"Regan, 1914","This is a species complex that could contain up to five species, including some that have narrow ranges." 123358376,Pseudomugil signifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,signifer,,,,,"Kner, 1866", 123358405,Pseudomugil tenellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,tenellus,,,,,"Taylor, 1964", 123358443,Bostockia porosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Bostockia,porosa,,,,,"Castelnau, 1873", 123358463,Gadopsis marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Gadopsis,marmoratus,,,,,"Richardson, 1848","Gadopsis marmoratus represents a species complex of five undescribed but recognised taxa, including one in the Murray-Darling Basin and four on the coast (Hammer et al. 2014, Unmack et al. 2017)." 123358527,Gadopsis sp. nov. 'Western Victoria',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Gadopsis,sp. nov. 'Western Victoria',,,,,,"This is a currently undescribed new taxon of Gadopsis (Percichthyidae) identified in the Gadopsis marmoratus species complex (Hammer et al. 2014, Unmack et al. 2017). Work to date has defined this taxon as a valid candidate species based on genetic divergence, and identified some morphological and biological differences between it and the congeners in the complex (T.A. Raadik unpublished data). Detailed morphological work is progressing which will eventuate in a formal taxonomic description." 123358536,Macquaria ambigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Macquaria,ambigua,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","This represents a complex of three species: Lake Eyre Basin, Fitzroy Basin and Murray-Darling Basin (Beheregaray et al. 2017)." 123358579,Nannoperca australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Nannoperca,australis,,,,,"Günther, 1861",Genetic studies suggest that there are two species within the Southern Pygmy Perch: an eastern coastal species and a species in the Murray-Darling Basin and western coastal streams (Unmack et al. 2011). 123358592,Nannoperca vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Nannoperca,vittata,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1873)",May comprise several cryptic species. Taxonomy uncertain. 123358775,Amniataba percoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Amniataba,percoides,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 123359056,Syncomistes butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,butleri,,,,,"Vari, 1978", 123359468,Glossamia aprion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,aprion,,,,,"(Richardson, 1842)", 123359651,Mogurnda mogurnda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,mogurnda,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)","Species closely resembles M. oligolepis, making accurate identification difficult in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia. See M. oligolepis account for details." 123359701,Mogurnda oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,oligolepis,,,,,"Allen & Jenkins, 1999", 123359847,Philypnodon grandiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Philypnodon,grandiceps,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)",This represents a species complex with multiple species in south-east Queensland. 123359936,Philypnodon macrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Philypnodon,macrostomus,,,,,"Hoese & Reader, 2006",This represents a species complex of several species. 88320892,Leptobrachella marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,marmorata,,,,,"(Matsui, Zainudin & Nishikawa, 2014)",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptolalax hamidi (Matsui et al. 2014) – currently Leptobrachella hamidi. 88332834,Kalophrynus calciphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,calciphilus,,,,,"Dehling, 2011", 123376569,Brachionichthys australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Brachionichthys,australis,,,,,"Last, Gledhill & Holmes, 2007","

This species is similar in appearance and may have been confused in the past with Brachionichthys hirsutus (Last et al. 2007). A molecular study of subpopulations across the range of B. australis may reveal additional species (Last and Gledhill 2009). 

" 123376622,Brachiopsilus dianthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Brachiopsilus,dianthus,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009", 123423043,Brachiopsilus dossenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Brachiopsilus,dossenus,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009", 123423098,Brachiopsilus ziebelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Brachiopsilus,ziebelli,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009", 123423165,Pezichthys amplispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Pezichthys,amplispinus,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009","

The Pezichthys species as a group are relatively newly described, and further taxonomic resolution is needed (Last and Gledhill 2009).

" 123423190,Pezichthys compressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Pezichthys,compressus,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009","

The Pezichthys species as a group are relatively newly described, and further taxonomic resolution is needed (Last and Gledhill 2009).

" 123423200,Pezichthys eltanini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Pezichthys,eltanini,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009","The Pezichthys species as a group are relatively newly described, and further taxonomic resolution is needed (Last and Gledhill 2009)." 123423211,Pezichthys macropinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Pezichthys,macropinnis,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009","The Pezichthys species as a group are relatively newly described, and need further taxonomic resolution (Last and Gledhill 2009)." 123423234,Pezichthys nigrocilium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Pezichthys,nigrocilium,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009","The Pezichthys species as a group are relatively newly described, and need further taxonomic resolution (Last and Gledhill 2009)." 123423266,Sympterichthys moultoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Sympterichthys,moultoni,,,,,"Last & Gledhill, 2009", 123423510,Thymichthys politus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Thymichthys,politus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)","The genus Thymichthys is relatively new, and needs further taxonomic resolution (Last and Gledhill 2009)." 123423794,Thymichthys verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Thymichthys,verrucosus,,,,,"(McCulloch & Waite, 1918)","A molecular study of subpopulations across the range of Thymichthys verrucosus may reveal additional species (Last and Gledhill 2009). Based on some morphological differences, it is possible that T. verrucosus represents two species: one in the west and one in the east (P. Last pers. comm. 2018)." 123423864,Caulophryne bacescui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CAULOPHRYNIDAE,Caulophryne,bacescui,,,,,"Mihai-Bardan, 1982", 123424059,Robia legula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CAULOPHRYNIDAE,Robia,legula,,,,,"Pietsch, 1979", 123424090,Ceratias tentaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CERATIIDAE,Ceratias,tentaculatus,,,,,"(Norman, 1930)", 118354464,Periophthalmus novemradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,novemradiatus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",This species was previously confused with P. variabilis (Jafaar et al. 2009). 118354490,Phyllogobius platycephalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Phyllogobius,platycephalops,,,,,"(Smith, 1964)", 79101554,Philautus juliandringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,juliandringi,,,,,"Dehling, 2010", 79096248,Meristogenys stigmachilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,stigmachilus,,,,,"Shimada, Matsui, Yambun & Sudin, 2011","This species was removed from the synonymy of Meristogenys whiteheadi by Shimada et al. (2011)." 79096218,Meristogenys stenocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,stenocephalus,,,,,"Shimada, Matsui, Yambun & Sudin, 2011",This species was removed from the synonymy of Meristogenys whiteheadi by Shimada et al. (2011). 79128770,Rhacophorus belalongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,belalongensis,,,,,"Dehling & Grafe, 2008", 79129400,Rhacophorus penanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,penanorum,,,,,"Dehling, 2008", 122893197,Bavayia nubila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Bavayia,nubila,,,,,"Bauer, Sadlier, Jackman & Shea, 2012","The new species of diplodactylid gecko, Bavayia nubilaa, was described in 2012 from forests at two sites in the drainage of the Tontouta Valley in the ultramafic ranges of southeastern New Caledonia. The new gecko is the sister species of the much smaller Bavayia goroensis; both species are basal within the B. cyclura clade." 122893519,Caledoniscincus constellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,constellatus,,,,,"Sadlier, Whitaker, Wood & Bauer, 2012","Caledoniscincus constellatus (described in 2012) has a bold, white midlateral stripe, a feature which distinguishes it from most other species of Caledoniscincus except the regionally sympatric C. haplorhinus (Günther) and C. austrocaledonicus (Bavay), from which it can be distinguished by a unique pattern of contact between the pale midlateral stripe and the ear. DNA sequence data for the ND2 mitochondrial gene identifies a high level of genetic differentiation between the new species and all other Caledoniscincus, further supporting its distinctiveness as an independent evolutionary lineage." 122893826,Caledoniscincus notialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,notialis,,,,,"Sadlier, Smith, Bauer & Wood, 2013","The new species of skink, Caledoniscincus notialis was described in 2013 from the ultramafic ranges in southern New Caledonia. It is most similar to, and has previously been referred to Caledoniscincus atropunctatus (Roux), a species with a widespread distribution throughout the Grande Terre and Loyalty Islands. The new species is distinct genetically from all other Caledoniscincus and can be distinguished by a unique pattern of dorsal coloration in males." 122894031,Caledoniscincus pelletieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Caledoniscincus,pelletieri,,,,,"Sadlier, Whitaker, Wood & Bauer, 2014","Caledoniscincus pelletieri was described in 2014 from the far north-west region of New Caledonia. It has a bold, white mid-lateral stripe on the body, a feature which distinguishes it from most other species of Caledoniscincus except the regionally sympatric Caledoniscincus haplorhinus (Günther) and Caledoniscincus austrocaledonicus (Bavay), and the recently described Caledoniscincus constellatus Sadlier, Whitaker, Wood & Bauer just to the south. The new species can be distinguished from these taxa in features of scalation and colouration, most notably in lacking an extension of the pale midlateral stripe between the ear and forelimbs and in having more lamellae on the underside of the fourth toe. The differences in morphology between C. pelletieri and the other members of the genus are complemented by a high level of genetic differentiation, further supporting its distinctiveness as an independent evolutionary lineage warranting recognition as a distinct species. The DNA sequence data for the ND2 mitochondrial gene identifies the new species as the sister to C. constellatus and these two taxa as the sister to all Caledoniscincus." 122894804,Correlophus belepensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Correlophus,belepensis,,,,,"Bauer, Whitaker, Sadlier & Jackman, 2012","Correlophus belepensis (described in 2012) is a large diplodactylid. It differs from C. sarasinorum in possessing a prominent crest of spinose scales extending from behind the orbit to the shoulder region. It is most similar to its sister taxon C. ciliatus, but may be distinguished from it by its homogeneous dorsolateral trunk scalation and (in three of the four types) its possession of a series of small whitish tubercles on the lower back and/or tail base." 122898951,Dierogekko baaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Dierogekko,baaba,,,,,"Skipworth, Jackman, Whitaker, Bauer & Sadlier, 2014","The Diplodactylid gecko genus Dierogekko is endemic to the northern Grande Terre of New Caledonia and the adjacent ultramafic offshore islands. All species are allopatric except D. poumensis and D. inexpectatus. Dierogekko baaba was described (in 2014) on the basis of a single female which is distinguished from its congeners by its small size (<38 mm SVL) and narrow, divided subdigital scansors. It is separated from all other Dierogekko by an uncorrected ND2 divergence of 6–15% (Tajima-Nei distance 6-17%)." 122899301,Mniarogekko jalu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Mniarogekko,jalu,,,,,"Bauer, Whitaker, Sadlier & Jackman, 2012","A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the New Caledonia giant geckos has revealed that Rhacodactylus is not monophyletic (Bauer et al. 2012). The results show that R. chahoua forms a distinct clade separate from Rhacodactylus sensu stricto and hence a new genus, Mniarogekko has been created to accommodate R. chahoua. Genetic data showed that the subpopulations in northern Grande Terre and on the Iles Belep are highly distinct and are hence described as M. jalu (Bauer et al. 2012).

Mniarogekko jalu is a large (to 140 mm SVL) diplodactylid. It may be distinguished from its sister taxon M. chahoua by its much lower number of precloacal pores in males typically arranged in three, rather than four rows. Colour comparisons between the two species of Mniarogekko are difficult to make. There are relatively few wild caught M. chahoua in museum collections and captive animals have been bred for particular colour patterns (de Vosjoli et al. 2003) so ‘wild type’ coloration, which is itself already quite variable is difficult to characterize. Ventral body coloration in the new species seems to be uniformly a pale yellowish green, whereas M. chahoua is often white or cream, with a greenish tinge localized to some parts of the venter." 122899622,Nannoscincus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,fuscus,,,,,"Günther, 1872","The genetic study (Sadlier 2014) revealed the presence of two clearly differentiated lineages within what has previously been regarded as a single species, Nannoscincus mariei. Although the geographic range of samples available for the genetics study is not as extensive as that represented by museum specimens it is, in combination with morphological data, sufficient to indicate that the samples represent two parapatric taxa: Nannoscincus mariei Bavay (Mt. Koghis south to the Goro Plateau, including Rivière Bleue), and Nannoscincus fuscus (the Chaîne Centrale at Mt. Mou, Mt. Dzumac and Mt. Vulcain)." 122899722,Nannoscincus koniambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nannoscincus,koniambo,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer, Whitaker & Wood, 2014","Nannoscincus koniambo was described in 2014 (Sadlier, 2014). It is part of the N. mariei group, is restricted to the Koniambo massif and can be distinguished from all other members of the genus a combination of characters: frontoparietals fused; loreal single; left oviduct lost in females; lower labials five; lower eyelid with a semi-translucent window; ear opening minute; body scales smooth; adult dorsal color two toned; ear opening positioned two scales posterior to lower secondary temporal; presacral vertebrae 32; phalangeal formula for manus 2.3.4.4.3.; phalangeal formula for pes 2.3.4.5.3." 122899894,Phaeoscincus ouinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Phaeoscincus,ouinensis,,,,,"Sadlier, Shea & Bauer, 2014", 122900966,Rhacodactylus trachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Rhacodactylus,trachycephalus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1878)",Bauer et al. (2012) in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the giant geckos found that the few subpopulations of Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus sampled were strongly divergent from one another and a specimen from Îlot Môrô near the Île des Pins is especially distinctive. This specimen and others examined from Îlot Môrô are morphologically assignable to the species described by Boulenger in 1878 as Chameleonurus trachycephalus (and later treated as a subspecies of R. trachyrhynchus) and is now recognized as a full species (Bauer et al. 2012). 122904066,Sigaloseps balios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sigaloseps,balios,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Wood, 2014","The results from field, morphological and genetic studies (Sadlier et al. 2014) reveals a Sigaloseps lineage of three taxa from the interior ranges of the southern ultramafic New Caledonia region: one representing populations on the adjacent peaks of Mt Ouin and Mt Humboldt formerly included under S. ruficauda and described as S. ferrugicauda; one representing the type population of S. ruficauda sensu stricto from Mt Mou; and one representing a taxon from Mt Humboldt that is morphologically very distinct but shows a low level of genetic differentiation from S. ruficauda and is described as S. balios." 122904352,Sigaloseps conditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sigaloseps,conditus,,,,,"Sadlier, Bauer & Wood, 2014","The results from field, morphological and genetic studies (Sadlier et al. 2014) reveals a taxon formerly included within Sigaloseps deplanchei sensu lato and represented by populations from the southeast of the southern ultramafic region at Rivière Bleue and Pourina River and here described as S. conditus." 122904433,Sigaloseps ferrugicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sigaloseps,ferrugicauda,,,,,"Sadlier, Smith, Shea & Bauer, 2014","The results from field, morphological and genetic studies (Sadlier et al. 2014) reveals a Sigaloseps lineage of three taxa from the interior ranges of the southern ultramafic New Caledonia region: one representing populations on the adjacent peaks of Mt Ouin and Mt Humboldt formerly included under S. ruficauda and described as S. ferrugicauda; one representing the type population of S. ruficauda sensu stricto from Mt Mou; and one representing a taxon from Mt Humboldt that is morphologically very distinct but shows a low level of genetic differentiation from S. ruficauda and is described as S. balios." 122904516,Sigaloseps pisinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sigaloseps,pisinnus,,,,,"Sadlier, Shea, Whitaker, Bauer & Wood, 2014","The results from field, morphological and genetic studies (Sadlier et al. 2014) reveals a taxon formerly included within Sigaloseps deplanchei sensu lato and represented by populations in the central (Tontouta valley) and northern (Pic Ningua) areas of the southern ultramafic region, and coastal ultramafic ranges in the east-central region (Nakéty) and here described as Sigaloseps pisinnus." 123484382,Natalichthys leptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Natalichthys,leptus,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1980", 123424581,Caesio xanthalytos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CAESIONIDAE,Caesio,xanthalytos,,,,,"Holleman, Connell & Carpenter, 2013", 123424845,Decapterus smithvanizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Decapterus,smithvanizi,,,,,"Kimura, Katahira & Kuriiwa, 2013",This species has possibly been misidentified as D. kurroides or D. tabl in the past (Kimura et al. 2013). 123424889,Pseudocaranx cheilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Pseudocaranx,cheilio,,,,,"(Snyder, 1904)","This species was previously considered a synonym of P. dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801 (Springer and Smith-Vaniz 2008, Eschmeyer et al. 2017). Genetic studies may be needed to resolve the taxonomic confusion (Randall and Cea 2011). However, until more information is available, it is treated here as a valid species. " 123424951,Seriola aureovittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,aureovittata,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","This species was previously considered a junior synonym of Seriola lalandi, until Martinez-Takeshita et al. (2015) considered it to be distinct based on genetic data. Evidence reported by Purcell et al. (2015) reinforces the distinctiveness of these populations." 123424986,Seriola dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CARANGIDAE,Seriola,dorsalis,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)","This species was previously considered a junior synonym of Seriola lalandi, until Martinez-Takeshita et al. (2015) considered it to be distinct based on genetic data. Evidence reported by Purcell et al. (2015) reinforces the distinctiveness of these populations, but further research is needed to improve the spatial resolution of genetic structure in some regions." 123425392,Emmelichthys marisrubri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Emmelichthys,marisrubri,,,,,"Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2014", 123426284,Erythrocles acarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Erythrocles,acarina,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1974", 123426960,Erythrocles schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Erythrocles,schlegelii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 123426979,Plagiogeneion rubiginosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Plagiogeneion,rubiginosum,,,,,"(Hutton, 1875)","Parin (1991) states that there are some morphological differences between three geographic localities that have been reported as P. rubiginosum, but given the limited material available did not make any formal distinctions. At this time, P. rubiginosum is considered widely distributed in the southern Indo-Pacific, but additional taxonomic work is needed (Trnski 2015)." 123427908,Acentrogobius signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,signatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1855)",This species will  be synonomized as Yongeichthys signatus (H. Larson in press) based on Zeehan Jaffar research. Acentrogobius madraspatensis has also been synonymized as Yongeichthys signatus (Z. Jaafar in prep). 123427946,Acentrogobius veliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,veliensis,,,,,"(Geevarghese & John, 1982)",The taxonomic status of this nominal species requires clarification (H.K. Larson pers. comm. 2019). 123428754,Amblyeleotris aurora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,aurora,,,,,"(Polunin & Lubbock, 1977)", 123428798,Amblyeleotris delicatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,delicatulus,,,,,"Smith, 1958","This species may be a synonym of Amblyeleotris triguttata (Randall 1994). However, the type specimen is in poor condition, and it is not possible to confirm if it should be synonomized." 123430275,Amblyeleotris sungami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,sungami,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1969)", 123430310,Amblygobius semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,semicinctus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1833)", 123430352,Amblygobius sewardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,sewardii,,,,,"(Playfair, 1867)", 123431270,Amblyotrypauchen arctocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyotrypauchen,arctocephalus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 123431317,Aulopareia ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Aulopareia,ocellata,,,,,"(Day, 1873)",This species was recently assigned to the genus Aulopareia from Parachaeturichthys (Zare et al. 2012). 123431387,Callogobius amikami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,amikami,,,,,"Goren, Miroz & Baranes, 1991", 123431411,Callogobius dori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,dori,,,,,"Goren, 1980", 123431971,Callogobius flavobrunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Callogobius,flavobrunneus,,,,,"(Smith, 1958)", 123432350,Cotylopus rubripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cotylopus,rubripinnis,,,,,"Keith, Hoareau & Bosc, 2005", 123432479,Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,caeruleopunctatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)", 123432514,Cryptocentrus cryptocentrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,cryptocentrus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 123433638,Cryptocentrus malindiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,malindiensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1959)", 123433722,Drombus dentifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Drombus,dentifer,,,,,"(Hora, 1923)", 123433751,Drombus key,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Drombus,key,,,,,"(Smith, 1947)", 123433770,Drombus simulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Drombus,simulus,,,,,"(Smith, 1960)", 123433930,Gladiogobius rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gladiogobius,rex,,,,,"Shibukawa & Allen, 2007", 123433971,Glossogobius minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,minutus,,,,,"Geevarghese & John, 1983", 123434119,Gobiodon bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,bilineatus,,,,,"Herler, Bogorodsky & Suzuki, 2013", 123434761,Gobiodon fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,fulvus,,,,,"Herre, 1927","This species has previously been confused with Gobiodon albolineatus, especially in the Indian Ocean (Winterbottom and Emery 1986)." 123434776,Gobiodon irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,irregularis,,,,,"Herler, Bogorodsky & Suzuki, 2013", 123434849,Gobiopsis macrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopsis,macrostomus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1861", 123434969,Gobiopsis pinto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopsis,pinto,,,,,"(Smith, 1947)", 123435117,Drombus bontii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Drombus,bontii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)","This species may belong to another genus (Larson pers. comm. 2018). The name has been used to described to many populations, that appear to be disparate." 123435142,Knipowitschia iljini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,iljini,,,,,"Berg, 1931", 123435177,Mesogobius nonultimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mesogobius,nonultimus,,,,,"(Iljin, 1936)",May be a subspecies of Mesogobius batrachocephalus (Coad 1995). 123435299,Odontamblyopus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Odontamblyopus,roseus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 123435331,Odontamblyopus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Odontamblyopus,tenuis,,,,,"(Day, 1876)", 123437511,Stonogobiops dracula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stonogobiops,dracula,,,,,"Polunin & Lubbock, 1977", 123437732,Taenioides anguillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Taenioides,anguillaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 123438566,Taenioides buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Taenioides,buchanani,,,,,"(Day, 1873)","This species taxonomy is uncertain. The type specimens are in poor condition, which has made identification of this species difficult (Larson pers comm. 2018)." 123439530,Diagramma centurio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Diagramma,centurio,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 123439535,Diagramma labiosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Diagramma,labiosum,,,,,"Macleay, 1883","Diagramma labiosum has been treated as a subspecies of D. pictum, but is currently considered valid at the species level (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). Genetic data suggest that this species may be the same as D. pictum and D. melanocrum (K. Carpenter unpublished data). Addition research is needed to resolve these three nominal species." 123439665,Plectorhinchus paulayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,paulayi,,,,,"Steindachner, 1895", 123439691,Plectorhinchus plagiodesmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,plagiodesmus,,,,,"Fowler, 1935", 123439694,Plectorhinchus polytaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,polytaenia,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 123439722,Pomadasys aheneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,aheneus,,,,,"McKay & Randall, 1995", 123439745,Pomadasys guoraca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,guoraca,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 123439804,Pomadasys laurentino,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,laurentino,,,,,"(Smith, 1953)", 123439834,Pomadasys multimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,multimaculatus,,,,,"(Playfair, 1867)", 123439842,Pomadasys punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,punctulatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1838)", 123439853,Pomadasys taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,taeniatus,,,,,"McKay & Randall, 1995", 123440719,Parascolopsis inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Parascolopsis,inermis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)","Hung et al. 2017 suggests three distinct lineages within specimens identified as P. inermis; however, further taxonomic work is required." 123440780,Parascolopsis townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Parascolopsis,townsendi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 123441448,Scolopsis aurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,aurata,,,,,"(Park, 1797)", 123441501,Scolopsis frenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,frenata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 123456077,Scolopsis xenochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Scolopsis,xenochrous,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 123479789,Opistognathus ensiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,ensiferus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2016", 123479792,Opistognathus simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,simus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2010", 123479810,Opistognathus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,crassus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2010", 123480251,Stalix davidsheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Stalix,davidsheni,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1985", 123481305,Acanthoplesiops cappuccino,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Acanthoplesiops,cappuccino,,,,,"Gill, Bogorodsky & Mal, 2013", 123481338,Plesiops malalaxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Plesiops,malalaxus,,,,,"Mooi, 1995", 123481349,Plesiops multisquamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Plesiops,multisquamata,,,,,"Inger, 1955",This species was redescribed by Mooi (1995). 123481390,Plesiops mystaxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Plesiops,mystaxus,,,,,"Mooi, 1995", 123481902,Priacanthus prolixus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PRIACANTHIDAE,Priacanthus,prolixus,,,,,"Starnes, 1988","This species can be easily confused with Priacanthus hamrur if specimens are not freshly caught (Starnes 1988, Motomura et al. 2001)." 123481988,Anisochromis kenyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Anisochromis,kenyae,,,,,"Smith, 1954", 123482008,Anisochromis mascarenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Anisochromis,mascarenensis,,,,,"Gill & Fricke, 2001", 123482119,Chlidichthys abruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,abruptus,,,,,"Lubbock, 1977", 123482149,Chlidichthys auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,auratus,,,,,"Lubbock, 1975", 123482176,Chlidichthys bibulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,bibulus,,,,,"(Smith, 1954)", 123482213,Chlidichthys cacatuoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,cacatuoides,,,,,"Gill & Randall, 1994", 123482239,Chlidichthys chagosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,chagosensis,,,,,"Gill & Edwards, 2004", 123482256,Chlidichthys clibanarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,clibanarius,,,,,"Gill & Edwards, 2004", 123482273,Chlidichthys foudioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,foudioides,,,,,"Gill & Edwards, 2004", 123482304,Chlidichthys inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,inornatus,,,,,"Lubbock, 1976", 123482315,Chlidichthys johnvoelckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,johnvoelckeri,,,,,"Smith, 1953", 123482318,Chlidichthys pembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,pembae,,,,,"Smith, 1954", 123482322,Chlidichthys randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,randalli,,,,,"Lubbock, 1977", 123482346,Chlidichthys rubiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,rubiceps,,,,,"Lubbock, 1975", 123482355,Chlidichthys smithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Chlidichthys,smithae,,,,,"Lubbock, 1977", 123482384,Congrogadus subducens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Congrogadus,subducens,,,,,"(Richardson, 1843)", 123482461,Halidesmus coccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halidesmus,coccus,,,,,"Winterbottom & Randall, 1994", 123482474,Halidesmus polytretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halidesmus,polytretus,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1982", 123482501,Halidesmus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halidesmus,scapularis,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 123482511,Halidesmus socotraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halidesmus,socotraensis,,,,,"Gill & Zajonz, 2003", 123482517,Halidesmus thomaseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halidesmus,thomaseni,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1961)", 123482570,Halimuraena hexagonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halimuraena,hexagonata,,,,,"Smith, 1952", 123482609,Halimuraena lepopareia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halimuraena,lepopareia,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1980", 123482627,Halimuraena shakai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halimuraena,shakai,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1978", 123482676,Halimuraenoides isostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Halimuraenoides,isostigma,,,,,"Maugé & Bardach, 1985", 123483738,Haliophis diademus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Haliophis,diademus,,,,,"Winterbottom & Randall, 1994", 123483756,Haliophis guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Haliophis,guttatus,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 123491396,Natalichthys ori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Natalichthys,ori,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1980", 123491533,Natalichthys sam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Natalichthys,sam,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1980", 123491577,Pseudochromis aureolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,aureolineatus,,,,,"Gill, 2004", 123491609,Pseudochromis flavivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,flavivertex,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 123491697,Pseudochromis fridmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,fridmani,,,,,"Klausewitz, 1968", 123491720,Pseudochromis kristinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,kristinae,,,,,"Gill, 2004", 123491789,Pseudochromis leucorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,leucorhynchus,,,,,"Lubbock, 1977","The Oman subpopulation was previously thought to represent a separate species from that in Kenya (Gill and Mee 1993, Gill 2003), but current knowledge indicates a single widespread population from Oman to Kenya (Gill and Zajonz 2011)." 123491822,Pseudochromis madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,madagascariensis,,,,,"Gill, 2004",This species closely resembles Pseudochromis kristinae and was previously misidentified as P. natalensis (Gill 2003). 123491892,Pseudochromis melas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,melas,,,,,"Lubbock, 1977", 123491900,Pseudochromis natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,natalensis,,,,,"Regan, 1916","This species closely resembles and has been confused variously with P. kristinae, P. madascarensis and P. taubare (Gill 2004)." 123491918,Pseudochromis olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,olivaceus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835",This species closely resembles and has previously been confused with P. linda (Gill 2004). 123491937,Pseudochromis punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,punctatus,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1970", 123491959,Pseudochromis springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,springeri,,,,,"Lubbock, 1975", 123491963,Pseudochromis tauberae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,tauberae,,,,,"Lubbock, 1977","This species closely resembles Pseudochromis natalensis, P. kristinae and P. madagascariensis (Gill 2003)." 123492102,Rusichthys explicitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Rusichthys,explicitus,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1996", 123492148,Rusichthys plesiomorphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Rusichthys,plesiomorphus,,,,,"Winterbottom, 1979", 123495235,Arnoglossus dalgleishi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,dalgleishi,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1922)", 123495297,Bothus swio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,swio,,,,,"Hensley, 1997","Bothus swio most closely resembles B. guibei, B. panterinus, and B. tricirrhitus. In addition, it also resembles species within the genus Grammatobothus (Hensley 1997)." 123495360,Chascanopsetta kenyaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,kenyaensis,,,,,"Hensley & Smale, 1998", 123495565,Crossorhombus valderostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Crossorhombus,valderostratus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 123495795,Engyprosopon latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,latifrons,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 123495846,Engyprosopon mozambiquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,mozambiquensis,,,,,"Hensley, 2003",Engyprosopon mozambiquensis closely resembles E. natalensis (Hensley 2003). 123495849,Engyprosopon natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,natalensis,,,,,"Regan, 1920", 123495852,Engyprosopon sechellense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,sechellense,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 123495886,Laeops natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,natalensis,,,,,"Norman, 1931","Laeops natalensis Norman 1931 was described based on two specimens collected off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. No additional specimens have been reported to date. Voronina et al. (2020), in the most recent revision of the genus Laeops, considered L. sinusarabici from the Red Sea to be the junior subjective synonym of Laeops natalensis Norman 1931. However, several morphological differences (albeit small) were noted between the holotype of L. natalensis from off South Africa and specimens (including types) of L. sinusarabici from the Red Sea. Given the large geographic distance between capture sites of these nominal species, the difference in the depths of capture, and the fact that the Red Sea is a renowned area of endemism for fishes, both nominal species are treated herein as valid and separate conservation assessments are required." 123495890,Laeops nigromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,nigromaculatus,,,,,"von Bonde, 1922", 123495948,Laeops pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,pectoralis,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1922)", 123496007,Laeops sinusarabici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,sinusarabici,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1968","Laeops sinusarabici Chabaunaud 1968 was described based on specimens collected in the Red Sea. This nominal species was synonymized with Grammatobothus krempfi Chabanaud 1929 by Desoutter et al. (2001) without detailed comment regarding this decision. Later authors (e.g., Bogorodsky et al. 2014, Bogorodsky and Randall 2018, Golani and Fricke 2018) considered L. sinusarabici to be a valid species, endemic to the Red Sea.

In the most recent revision of the genus Laeops, Voronina et al. (2020) considered L. sinusarabici to be the junior subjective synonym of Laeops natalensis Norman 1931 from off South Africa. However, several morphological differences (albeit small) were noted between the holotype of L. natalensis from off South Africa and specimens (including types) of L. sinusarabici from the Red Sea. Given the large geographic distance between capture sites of these nominal species, the difference in the depths of capture, and the fact that the Red Sea is a renowned area of endemism for fishes, both nominal species are treated herein as valid and separate conservation assessments are required." 123496476,Neolaeops microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Neolaeops,microphthalmus,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1922)",Voronina et al. (2020) considered Laeops cypho Fowler 1934 to be a junior subjective synonym of Neolaeops microphthalmus (von Bonde 1922). This taxonomic decision is followed herein. 123496569,Psettina brevirictis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,brevirictis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 123496683,Tosarhombus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Tosarhombus,smithi,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1964)", 123496899,Paracitharus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CITHARIDAE,Paracitharus,macrolepis,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1904)","According to Hoshino (2001), the citharid genus Paracitharus Regan 1920 is sometimes mistaken as the synonym of Citharoides Hubbs 1915 (e.g. Chapleau 1993). He reports that this idea can be traced back to Norman (1934), who synonymized C. macrolepidotus Hubbs 1915 with Arnoglossus macrolepis Gilchrist 1904, which was later transferred to Paracitharus. Norman (1934) applied the name Citharoides macrolepis (Gilchrist 1904) as the senior synonym. 

Hubbs (1945) recognized both species and genera as valid based on differences in the canal shape on their posterior lateral line scales. Hoshino (2001) confirmed these observations and concluded that it was incorrect to synonymize Paracitharus with Citharoides. However, this systematic decision has not been accepted by all subsequent authors (e.g. Choi et al. 2003, Hoese and Bray 2006, Fricke et al. 2018). Following the morphological data presented in Hubbs (1945) and Hoshino (2001), Paracitharus is herein recognized as a valid genus, distinct from Citharoides, with its type species, P. macrolepis (Gilchrist 1904)." 123497006,Cynoglossus acaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,acaudatus,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1906","This species is sometimes referred to in the literature as Cynoglossus ecaudatus (e.g., Menon 1977, Yokogawa et al. 2008). Cynoglossus natalensis, described from off Natal, South Africa, is considered a junior subjective synonym of C. acaudatus by Menon (1977). Cynoglossus hunteri, described from Point Vermetha, Mozambique, was also placed in synonymy of C. acaudatus by Menon (1977)." 123497053,Cynoglossus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,acutirostris,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 123498424,Cynoglossus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,attenuatus,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1904", 123498476,Cynoglossus cynoglossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,cynoglossus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 123498530,Cynoglossus dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,dispar,,,,,"Day, 1877", 123498533,Cynoglossus durbanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,durbanensis,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 123498563,Cynoglossus gilchristi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,gilchristi,,,,,"Regan, 1920", 123498577,Cynoglossus lida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,lida,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 123498679,Cynoglossus marleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,marleyi,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 123498699,Cynoglossus monopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,monopus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 123498776,Cynoglossus semifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,semifasciatus,,,,,"Day, 1877",There is some confusion between Cynoglossus semifasciatus and C. macrostomus (R. Nair pers. comm. 2019). 123498959,Paraplagusia bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Paraplagusia,bilineata,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)",Menon (1980) synonymized several nominal species under the name Paraplagusia bilineata Bloch 1787. The status of these nominal species needs to be re-evaluated (T.A. Munroe pers. comm. 2020). 123499036,Symphurus microrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,microrhynchus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)","Symphurus microrhynchus was described based on a single specimen collected in the Java Sea at a depth of 82 m (Weber 1913). A second specimen was taken off Indonesia (Koumans 1953). Munroe and Marsh (1997) redescribed S. microrhynchus based on 11 specimens collected at different localities ranging from Tanzania to French Polynesia, including the holotype of S. holothuriae, which they considered to be a junior subjective synonym of S. microrhynchus. Subsequent study (Lee and Munroe unpublished data) re-examined these specimens and discovered that actually seven different species were represented in the material, including S. microrhynchus, S. holothuriae and five undescribed species. Lee and Munroe (unpublished data) provide a redescription of S. microrhynchus and limited the known material of this species to the holotype and the specimen mentioned in Koumans (1953)." 123499110,Symphurus monostigmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,monostigmus,,,,,"Munroe, 2006", 123499145,Symphurus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,ocellatus,,,,,"von Bonde, 1922", 123499266,Symphurus strictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,strictus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 123499299,Symphurus trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,trifasciatus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 123499355,Symphurus variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,variegatus,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1903)", 123499447,Pseudorhombus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,annulatus,,,,,"Norman, 1927", 123499485,Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,dupliciocellatus,,,,,"Regan, 1905", 123499639,Pseudorhombus micrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,micrognathus,,,,,"Norman, 1927", 123499659,Pseudorhombus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,natalensis,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1904", 123499677,Pseudorhombus triocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,triocellatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 123501294,Poecilopsetta colorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,colorata,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 123501308,Poecilopsetta natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,natalensis,,,,,"Norman, 1931", 123501367,Poecilopsetta praelonga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,praelonga,,,,,"Alcock, 1894", 123501377,Poecilopsetta vaynei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,vaynei,,,,,"Quéro, Hensley & Maugé, 1988", 123501434,Poecilopsetta zanzibarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,zanzibarensis,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 123502093,Samaris costae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samaris,costae,,,,,"Quéro, Hensley & Maugé, 1989",The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work. 123502396,Samaris cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samaris,cristatus,,,,,"Gray, 1831",The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work. 123502410,Samaris macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samaris,macrolepis,,,,,"Norman, 1927",The taxonomy of species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work. 123502420,Samariscus desoutterae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,desoutterae,,,,,"Quéro, Hensley & Maugé, 1989",The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work. 123502441,Samariscus longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,longimanus,,,,,"Norman, 1927",The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work. 123502456,Samariscus nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,nielseni,,,,,"Quéro, Hensley & Maugé, 1989",The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work. 123502504,Samariscus triocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,triocellatus,,,,,"Woods, 1960",The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work. 123502853,Aseraggodes brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,brevirostris,,,,,"Randall & Gon, 2006", 123502871,Aseraggodes diringeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,diringeri,,,,,"(Quéro, 1997)", 123502900,Aseraggodes guttulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,guttulatus,,,,,"Kaup, 1858", 123502973,Aseraggodes heemstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,heemstrai,,,,,"Randall & Gon, 2006", 123502982,Aseraggodes jenny,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,jenny,,,,,"Randall & Gon, 2006", 123503097,Aseraggodes sinusarabici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,sinusarabici,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1931", 123503127,Aseraggodes steinitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,steinitzi,,,,,"Joglekar, 1971", 123503235,Barnardichthys fulvomarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Barnardichthys,fulvomarginata,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1904)",This species was previously placed in the genus Solea; Vachon et al. (2008) elevated the genus Barnardichthys to accommodate this species. 123503261,Bathysolea lagarderae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Bathysolea,lagarderae,,,,,"Quéro & Desoutter, 1990", 123503272,Brachirus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,macrolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 123503627,Heteromycteris oculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Heteromycteris,oculus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)", 123503647,Liachirus melanospilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Liachirus,melanospilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 123503697,Pardachirus morrowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pardachirus,morrowi,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1954)",Western Indian Ocean reports of Achirus pavoninus are actually records of Pardachirus morrowi (Randall and Johnson 2007). 123503731,Solea heinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,heinii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1903", 123503741,Solea ovata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,ovata,,,,,"Richardson, 1846", 123503751,Solea turbynei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Solea,turbynei,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1904", 123503861,Soleichthys tubiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,tubiferus,,,,,"(Peters, 1876)", 123503881,Dagetichthys albomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dagetichthys,albomaculatus,,,,,"(Kaup, 1858)","

Cantor (1849) considered Brachirus Swainson 1839 to be preoccupied by Brachyrus Swainson 1838 and proposed the replacement name Synaptura. Subsequently, Brachirus Swainson was determined to be a valid genus name (Jordan 1923). Bleeker (1875) distinguished Brachirus Swainson from Synaptura, but did not designate a type species. Later, Chabanaud (1928) restricted the name Synaptura to accommodate four nominal species of elongate soles, Synaptura albomaculata Kaup 1858, Pleuronectes commersonnii Lacepede 1802, S. lusitanica Brito Capello 1868, and S. marginata Boulenger 1900.


Desoutter et al. (2001) commented that Synaptura sensu Chabanaud was not a valid genus name. In a revision of members of the genus Synaptura sensu Chabanaud, Vachon et al. (2007) also stated that Synaptura sensu Chabanaud was not valid. Based on the results of their study, the five nominal species (including Synaptura cadenati Chabanaud 1948) formally placed in Synaptura sensu Chabanaud were found to be closely related to Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch and Blanc 1964 and they transferred these species to Dagetichthys.

" 123503888,Dagetichthys marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dagetichthys,marginatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","

Cantor (1849) considered Brachirus Swainson 1839 to be preoccupied by Brachyrus Swainson 1838 and proposed the replacement name Synaptura. Subsequently, Brachirus Swainson was determined to be a valid genus name (Jordan 1923). Bleeker (1875) distinguished Brachirus Swainson from Synaptura, but did not designate a type species. Later, Chabanaud (1928) restricted the name Synaptura to accommodate four nominal species of elongate soles, Synaptura albomaculata Kaup 1858, Pleuronectes commersonnii Lacepede 1802, S. lusitanica Brito Capello 1868, and S. marginata Boulenger 1900. 


Desoutter et al. (2001) commented that Synaptura sensu Chabanaud was not a valid genus name. In a revision of members of the genus Synaptura sensu Chabanaud, Vachon et al. (2007) also stated that Synaptura sensu Chabanaud was not valid. Based on the results of their study, the five nominal species (including Synaptura cadenati Chabanaud 1948) formally placed in Synaptura sensu Chabanaud were found to be closely related to Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch and Blanc 1964 and they transferred these species to Dagetichthys. This decision is followed herein. 

" 123514105,Zebrias altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,altipinnis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 123514185,Zebrias maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,maculosus,,,,,"Oommen, 1977","The taxonomic status of this species and Zebrias annularis needs to be investigated (T. Munroe and R. Nair pers. comm. 2019). At present, both nominal species are considered valid (Fricke et al. 2019)." 123516559,Zebrias regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,regani,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1906)", 163620,Drepanosticta sharpi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,sharpi,,,,,"(Laidlaw in Laidlaw & Förster, 1907)","

Drepanosticta sharpi was described from the south of Thailand (Laidlaw and Förster 1907), unfortunately the original description and illustrations are inadequate and the type series appears to be lost (Dow et al. 2017). It appears likely that two species are currently being lumped under this name (Dow unpublished) but for the purposes of this assessment all are treated as D. sharpi; however ongoing taxonomic work may eventually result in the splitting of this species and a change to the Red List assessment. The situation is further complicated by the fact that both Drepanosticta viridis Fraser, 1922 from the Mergui Islands of lower Burma and Drepanosticta khaochongensis Asahina, 1984 from Thailand may be junior synonyms of D. sharpi (Dow et al. 2017, Hämäläinen and Pinratana (1999: note 16)); until the situation is clarified, these two taxa are considered as separate species for assessment purposes. The species of the Drepanosticta quadrata (Selys, 1860) group of species, to which D. sharpi belongs, are all similar in general appearance and may be variable in their markings. For these reasons some published records of D. sharpi are likely to be misidentifications of other species from the quadrata-group and conversely some published records of other species may really refer to D. sharpi.

" 163671,Drepanosticta pan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,pan,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931","

Drepanosticta pan was described from three females and a male from a location in Perak (Laidlaw 1931). Later Lieftinck (1965) recorded a male from a location in Pahang, and a teneral (freshly emerged) female from Perak (probably from the same location as the type series); however Lieftinck’s male differs in significant details from the lectotype of D. pan and may well not be the same species. Subsequently Choong (2013) recorded D. pan from a location in Kelantan, but again the specimens differ in significant details from the lectotype (Choong personal communication) and are likely to be a different species. Only the type series is considered to represent the true D. pan for assessment purposes.

" 163738,Drepanosticta hamadryas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,hamadryas,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931","

Drepanosticta hamadryas is known with certainty only from the holotype male from Kuala Tahan in Pahang (Laidlaw 1931), and another male from the same area in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. The holotype is missing the terminal segments of the abdomen but otherwise agrees well with the second male. Allied forms have recently been collected in Terengganu (Choong, Ng & Dow 2012 as Drepanosticta species), Selangor and Negeri Sembilan (Dow unpublished), but these differ in markings and some details of the anal appendages; it is not clear at this time if these specimens represent variation in D. hamadryas or are a separate species. For assessment purposes only the specimens from the Kuala Tahan area are considered to be true D. hamadryas.

" 163783,Drepanosticta fontinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,fontinalis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937","

Drepanosticta fontinalis is rather variable in its markings, and the species of the D. quadrata (Selys, 1860) group of species, to which D. fontinalis belongs, are all similar in general appearance. For these reasons some published records of D. fontinalis are likely to be misidentifications of other species from the quadrata-group and conversely some published records of other species may really refer to D. fontinalis. Additionally it is possible that some of the apparent variation in D. fontinalis in fact represents additional, almost cryptic, species. Taxonomic work is ongoing on this group; in this assessment most populations are considered to represent D. fontinalis but a form known from some sites in Selangor and Negeri Sembilan and that shows the largest structural differences from typical D. fontinalis is excluded from consideration. A subspecies, D. f. wheeleri Fraser, 1942 was described from the mainland of Penang (Fraser 1942) but Lieftinck (1965) considered this to fall within the variation seen in typical D. fontinalis; the Assessor agrees with this view.

" 167454,Drepanosticta vietnamica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,vietnamica,,,,,"Asahina, 1997","

The original description of Drepanosticta vietnamica in Asahina (1997) is inadequate and poorly illustrated, more over the holotype appears to be lost and the surviving paratype disagrees in many respects with the published description (Dow, Kompier & Phan 2018).

" 190825,Drepanosticta viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,viridis,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","

Drepanosticta viridis is very similar to D. sharpi (Laidlaw, 1907) and may be junior synonym of that species, however two species may be being treated under D. sharpi currently, so it is equally possible that D. viridis will prove to be a valid species. The female of D. viridis is not definitely known: the only specimen recorded was teneral and Fraser (1922: 39) merely states “most probably related to the two males”.

" 123522921,Drepanosticta halmahera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,halmahera,,,,,"van Tol, 2007",Only the male of Drepanosticta halmahera is known. 123523144,Drepanosticta hamulifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,hamulifera,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 123523226,Drepanosticta inconspicua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,inconspicua,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938",Kaize and Kalkman 2010 recorded a “Drepanosticta spec (near inconspicua)” from Mois Waar Island off the coast of New Guinea in Indonesia’s Papua Barat Province. This taxon is excluded from the assessment. 123523243,Drepanosticta inversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,inversa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 123523322,Drepanosticta kosterini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,kosterini,,,,,"Dow, 2017", 123523396,Drepanosticta magna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,magna,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2003", 123523486,Drepanosticta marsyas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,marsyas,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965","

Although Donnelly (1998) recorded a female of this species, the female has not been described.

" 123523555,Drepanosticta misoolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,misoolensis,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 123523645,Drepanosticta moluccana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,moluccana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 123523689,Drepanosticta monoceros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,monoceros,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965","

Drepanosticta monoceros, only known from two specimens, is very similar to the widespread (in Borneo) Protosticta versicolor Laidlaw, 1913, a rather variable species (especially in wing venation, which is why it is sometimes placed in Drepanosticta and sometimes in Protosticta), and may ultimately prove to be a junior synonym of it.

" 123523750,Drepanosticta obiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,obiensis,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 123523865,Drepanosticta pararudicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,pararudicula,,,,,"Theischinger, Lupiyaningdyah & Richards, 2015", 123524298,Drepanosticta psygma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,psygma,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 123524380,Drepanosticta pytho,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,pytho,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937","

The type of Drepanosticta pytho is from a location in West Sumatra (Lieftinck 1937). Later Tsuda & Kitagawa (1988) recorded the species from a location in West Sumatra and Sasamoto & Karube (2007) recorded it from three locations in North Sumatra and West Sumatra, and gave the first description of the supposed female, based on a mature female from West Sumatra and a teneral female from North Sumatra. However Toan et al. (2018) have now determined that the male reported from North Sumatra in Sasamoto & Karube (2007) belong to a different species and therefore the identity of the female specimen from North Sumatra is questionable. Therefore only the holotype male and the series reported in Tsuda & Kitagawa (1988), are regarded as definitely belonging to this species in this assessment; the female from West Sumatra may well actually be that of D. pytho, but this cannot be regarded as certain.

" 123524437,Drepanosticta quadrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,quadrata,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)","Drepanosticta quadrata was described from Singapore. Individuals identified as this species that the Assessor has seen from Johor agree well with examples from Singapore, but records from further north in Peninsular Malaysia are more problematic. The species of the D. quadrata (Selys, 1860) group of species are all similar in general appearance and may be variable in their markings. For these reasons some published records of D. quadrata are likely to be misidentifications of other species from the quadrata-group and conversely some published records of other species may really refer to D. quadrata. Additionally it is possible that some of the apparent variation in D. quadrata in fact represents additional, almost cryptic, species. Taxonomic work is ongoing on this group; for assessment purposes populations from Singapore and Johor are considered to represent D. quadrata but populations from further north are treated as of uncertain identity." 123524627,Drepanosticta robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,robusta,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","

Drepanosticta robusta was described from a single male and female, as van Tol (2007: 274) notes the male “is teneral, incomplete (missing abdominal segments 7-10) and in poor condition”. The female is “presumably conspecific” according to van Tol (2007: 274) but thus assumption does not appear very secure.

" 123524665,Drepanosticta rudicula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,rudicula,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 123524734,Drepanosticta rufostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,rufostigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 123524752,Drepanosticta sembilanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,sembilanensis,,,,,"van Tol, 2007",The female of Drepanosticta sembilanensis is not known. 123524773,Drepanosticta silenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,silenus,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1934", 123524792,Drepanosticta siu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,siu,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 123524808,Drepanosticta sumatrana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,sumatrana,,,,,"Sasamoto & Karube, 2007",The female of Drepanosticta sumatrana is not known. 123524991,Drepanosticta watuwilensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,watuwilensis,,,,,"van Tol, 2007",The female of Drepanosticta watuwilensis is not known. 123525499,Drepanosticta simuni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,simuni,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012","

Drepanosticta simuni is closely related to D. barbatula Lieftinck, 1940 which is known from a few specimens from the east of Borneo. Rosser Garrison (personal communication) has seen a specimen from the Crocker Range in Sabah that might be intermediate between D. barbatula and D. simuni; the assessor has not seen this specimen and it is not known if it represents a distinct species, one of D. barbatula or D. simuni, or provides evidence that D. simuni is a junior synonym of D. barbatula. This specimen is left out of consideration for assessment purposes.

" 163589,Protosticta curiosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,curiosa,,,,,"Fraser, 1934","

Protosticta curiosa was described from Myanmar. Fraser (1934) noted its similarity to P. foersteri Laidlaw, 1902 and it is possible that the two are synonyms since they differ chiefly in markings and size; this is a subject of ongoing investigation. If the two species eventually prove to be synonymous, P. foersteri takes precedence. Protosticta zhengi Yu and Bu 2009 and P. albifrons Kompier, 2016 are junior synonyms of P. curiosa (Kompier pers. comm. 2017).

" 163729,Protosticta versicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,versicolor,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1913","

Protosticta versicolor was transferred to Drepanosticta by Orr (2001) on the basis of the wing venation of male specimens from Brunei. However this species has either Protosticta or Drepanosticta wing venation in different populations, and in reality is not likely to belong in either genus. Therefore it is best left in Protosticta until the issue of its placement is resolved.

" 175198,Protosticta rufostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,rufostigma,,,,,"Kimmins, 1958","" 190839,Protosticta satoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,satoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1997","

Protosticta satoi was described as a subspecies of P. khaosoidaoensis Asahina, 1984 (Asahina, 1997) from a single female from Tam Dao in Viet Nam. Later van Tol (2008) raised satoi to a full species but considered other material from Tam Dao to belong to a different form, the so-called dark form of P. satoi. All subsequent records from Tam Dao appear to refer to the dark form. Kompier (2016) separated the dark form as P. nigra Kompier, 2016, based on small but apparently consistent differences from P. satoi.

" 123525780,Protosticta bivittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,bivittata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1939", 79681539,Rhacophorus malkmusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,malkmusi,,,,,"Dehling, 2015","This is a split from the broader concept of Rhacophorus gauni (Dehling 2015). It was previously confused with R. gauni because of its close morphological resemblance. The two species occur sympatrically at Poring Hot Springs on the eastern slope of Gunung Kinabalu." 163717,Telosticta feronia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,feronia,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1933)", 123526401,Protosticta damacornu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,damacornu,,,,,"Terzani & Carletti, 1998", 123526432,Protosticta foersteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,foersteri,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1902","It is possible that Protosticta foersteri is merely a southern form of the widespread P. curiosa, which is structurally similar but differs somewhat in colouration and size. However, until this issue is clarified it is treated as a separate species for assessment purposes." 123526472,Protosticta himalaiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,himalaiaca,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1917", 123526611,Protosticta kinabaluensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,kinabaluensis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915", 123526650,Protosticta linduensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,linduensis,,,,,"van Tol, 2000", 123526728,Protosticta marenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,marenae,,,,,"van Tol, 2000", 123526738,Protosticta maurenbrecheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,maurenbrecheri,,,,,"van Tol, 2000",The female of Protosticta maurenbrecheri is not known. 123526749,Protosticta monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,monticola,,,,,"Emiliyamma & Palot, 2016", 123526773,Protosticta pariwonoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,pariwonoi,,,,,"van Tol, 2000", 123526805,Protosticta ponmudiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,ponmudiensis,,,,,"Kiran, Kalesh & Kunte, 2015",The female of Protosticta ponmudiensis is not known. 123526862,Protosticta reslae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,reslae,,,,,"van Tol, 2000",The female of Protosticta reslae is not known. 123526943,Protosticta simplicinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,simplicinervis,,,,,"Selys, 1885", 123527015,Protosticta kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,kiautai,,,,,"Zhou, 1986", 123528001,Telosticta belalongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,belalongensis,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012", 123528246,Telosticta bidayuh,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,bidayuh,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012", 123529311,Telosticta fugispinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,fugispinosa,,,,,"Dow, Afendy & Rahman, 2016", 123529343,Telosticta iban,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,iban,,,,,"Dow, 2014", 123529398,Telosticta janeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,janeus,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012",

The female of Telosticta janeus has not been described.

123529430,Telosticta longigaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,longigaster,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012", 123529582,Telosticta santubong,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,santubong,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012", 79096177,Meristogenys maryatiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,maryatiae,,,,,"Matsui, Shimada & Sudin, 2010", 79095598,Meristogenys dyscritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,dyscritus,,,,,"Shimada, Matsui, Yambun & Sudin, 2011",This is a split from the broader concept of Meristogenys amoropalamus (Shimada et al. 2011). 88333681,Kalophrynus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,punctatus,,,,,"Peters, 1871",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Kalophrynus calciphilus (Dehling 2011). 12761,Manis crassicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Manis,crassicaudata,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1803", 12762,Smutsia gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Smutsia,gigantea,,,,,"(Illiger, 1815)","Included in Manis by several authors (with Smutsia sometimes considered a subgenus) and referred to Phataginus by Grubb et al. (1998), but here included in the genus Smutsia, along with Temminck's Pangolin, S. temminckii, following Gaudin et al. (2009)." 12763,Manis javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Manis,javanica,,,,,"Desmarest, 1822",Populations in the Philippines formerly attributed to this species were separated under the name Manis culionensis by Feiler (1998) and subsequently by Gaubert and Antunes (2005). 12765,Smutsia temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Smutsia,temminckii,,,,,"(Smuts, 1832)","Included in Manis by most authors (with Smutsia usually considered a subgenus) and referred to Phataginus by Grubb et al. (1998), but here included in the genus Smutsia, along with the Giant Pangolin (S. gigantea) following Gaudin et al. (2009). The preferred common name (as accepted by the African Pangolin Working Group and the IUCN Species Survival Commission Pangolin Specialist Group) is Temminck’s Pangolin. No subspecies are recognised." 12766,Phataginus tetradactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Phataginus,tetradactyla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Included in the genus Manis by some authors (with Uromanis usually considered a subgenus) and referred to as Uromanis by McKenna and Bell (1997). The most recent review of the family Pholidota was done by Gaudin et al. (2009), who proposed treating the genus Uromanis as a junior synonym of Phataginus. and this has been supported by subsequent genetic evidence (Hassanin et al. 2015, du Toit et al. 2017, Gaubert et al. 2017)." 12767,Phataginus tricuspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Phataginus,tricuspis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1821)","Included in Manis by many authors (with Phataginus sometimes considered a subgenus), but here placed in the genus Phataginus following Gaudin et al. (2009). Meester and Setzer (1972) recognized two distinct subspecies, Manis t. tricuspis and M. t. mabirae (Uganda), with the latter considered distinct. No subspecies are considered here in line with Kingdon and Hoffmann (2013)." 136497,Manis culionensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Manis,culionensis,,,,,"(de Elera, 1915)","

The Philippine Pangolin (Manis culionensis) was first recognized as a distinct species from the Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) by de Elera (1915) who classified it as Pholidotus culionensis. Subsequent literature that distinguished this species used the classifications Paramanis culionensis or Manis culionensis (Feiler 1998, Hoogstraal 1951, Sanborn 1952). Classification as a distinct species is supported based on morphological characters (Lawrence 1939, Sanborn, 1952, Feiler 1998, Gaubert and Antunes 2005), and through genetic studies (Luczon et al. 2016, Gaubert et al. 2018).

" 22884,Varanus komodoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,komodoensis,,,,,"Ouwens, 1912", 22916,Varanus yuwonoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,yuwonoi,,,,,"Harvey & Barker, 1998", 29449,Emoia kitcheneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,kitcheneri,,,,,"How, Durrant, Smith & Saleh, 1998", 169686,Rabdion forsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Rabdion,forsteni,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 170399,Gonocephalus lacunosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,lacunosus,,,,,"Manthey & Denzer, 1991", 170400,Harpesaurus modiglianii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Harpesaurus,modiglianii,,,,,"Vinciguerra, 1933", 170423,Pseudocophotis sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocophotis,sumatrana,,,,,"(Hubrecht, 1879)", 176624,Calamaria boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,boesemani,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965", 176629,Calamaria muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,muelleri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896",Specimens collected from the more central region of Sulawesi around Wotu and north of Tenteno will require examination to determine to solve taxonomy (A. Stubbs pers. comm. 2019). 176630,Calamaria nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,nuchalis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","A population from Pulau Buton has previously been treated within this species, but its taxonomy remains unsolved and it is suspected to be different species (G. Gillespie pers. comm. 2019)." 176696,Hypsiscopus matannensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Hypsiscopus,matannensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 177413,Oligodon forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,forbesi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1883)","This species and Oligodon unicolor may represent the same species, for which the name O. forbesi has priority (D.T. Iskandar and A. Stubbs pers. comm. 2019)." 177423,Oligodon unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,unicolor,,,,,"(Kopstein, 1926)","This species and Oligodon forbesi may represent the same species, for which the name O. forbesi has priority (D.T. Iskandar and A. Stubbs pers. comm. 2019)." 177529,Tropidonophis punctiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,punctiventris,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 177553,Ptyas dipsas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,dipsas,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 141661195,Stegonotus florensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,florensis,,,,,"(De Rooij, 1917)","Kaiser et al. (2018) removed Stegonotus sutteri from synonymy with this species. These authors noted that as the resulting concept of S. florensis was represented by only two specimens, their characterization of its diagnostic features should be considered ""tenuous""." 178172,Cryptoblepharus renschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,renschi,,,,,"Mertens, 1928", 178325,Indotyphlops schmutzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,schmutzi,,,,,"(Auffenberg, 1980)", 178390,Lipinia infralineolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,infralineolata,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)",It is thought that Lipinia infralineolata may consist of more than one species (Das and Greer 2002). 178412,Gekko iskandari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,iskandari,,,,,"(Brown, Supriatna & Ota, 2000)", 178484,Sphenomorphus tropidonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,tropidonotus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 178530,Cnemaspis jacobsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,jacobsoni,,,,,"Das, 2005", 178636,Cyrtodactylus gordongekkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,gordongekkoi,,,,,"(Das, 1993)", 178642,Cyrtodactylus deveti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,deveti,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1948)", 178654,Cyrtodactylus wetariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,wetariensis,,,,,"(Dunn, 1927)", 178674,Larutia sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Larutia,sumatrensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 178695,Eremiascincus timorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eremiascincus,timorensis,,,,,"(Greer, 1990)",There are unresolved taxonomic issues within Eremiascincus antoniorum and E. timorensis (G. Shea pers. comm. 2019). 178699,Ramphotyphlops conradi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,conradi,,,,,"(Peters, 1875)", 178712,Lepidodactylus oortii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,oortii,,,,,"(Kopstein, 1926)", 178721,Cryptoblepharus leschenault,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,leschenault,,,,,"(Cocteau, 1832)","The phylogeny of Blom et al. (2019) shows that Cryptoblepharus renschi is nested within C. leschenault, indicating that C. leschenault as presently understood is a species complex." 194060,Trimeresurus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 194120,Lygosoma opisthorhodum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,opisthorhodum,,,,,"Werner, 1910", 196592,Carlia tutela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,tutela,,,,,"Zug, 2004", 200632,Oligodon waandersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,waandersi,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 96252881,Hebius sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)", 99929811,Gonocephalus klossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Gonocephalus,klossi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 54466,Ansonia fuliginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,fuliginea,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)",We follow Inger (1966) and Malkmus et al. (2002) in considering Ansonia altitudinis (Smith 1931) to be a synonym of A. fuliginea. 54468,Ansonia guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,guibei,,,,,"Inger, 1966", 110725580,Poecilimon davisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,davisi,,,,,"Karabag, 1953", 123669218,Nothogeophilus turki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,CHILOPODA,GEOPHILOMORPHA,GEOPHILIDAE,Nothogeophilus,turki,,,,,"Lewis, Jones & Keay, 1988", 123669528,Anthogona britannica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,CHORDEUMATIDA,ANTHOGONIDAE,Anthogona,britannica,,,,,"Gregory, Jones & Mauriès, 1993", 123670403,Psylliodes luridipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CHRYSOMELIDAE,Psylliodes,luridipennis,,,,,"Kutschera, 1864", 123670775,Halobrecta princeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Halobrecta,princeps,,,,,"(Sharp, 1869)", 123671000,Thinobius newberyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Thinobius,newberyi,,,,,"Scheerpeltz, 1925", 123671476,Poecilobothrus majesticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Poecilobothrus,majesticus,,,,,"d'Assis-Fonseca, 1976", 123671805,Molophilus pusillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,LIMONIIDAE,Molophilus,pusillus,,,,,"Edwards, 1921", 123672443,Perlodes mortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PLECOPTERA,PERLODIDAE,Perlodes,mortoni,,,,,"(Klapálek, 1906)",Zwick (2011) removed Perlodes mortoni from synonymy with P. microcephalus. 123672536,Brachyptera putata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PLECOPTERA,TAENIOPTERYGIDAE,Brachyptera,putata,,,,,"(Newman, 1838)", 123673542,Niphargellus glenniei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,NIPHARGIDAE,Niphargellus,glenniei,,,,,"(Spooner, 1952)", 54480,Ansonia platysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,platysoma,,,,,"Inger, 1960", 54485,Ansonia torrentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,torrentis,,,,,"Dring, 1983", 54865,Pelophryne api,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,api,,,,,"Dring, 1984", 128714306,Pelophryne misera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,misera,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)","Previously reported records from Gunung Murud in north-eastern Sarawak, Malaysia have now been assigned to Pelophryne murudensis (I. Das pers. comm. March 2018)." 57543,Leptobrachella brevicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,brevicrus,,,,,"Dring, 1984", 57546,Leptobrachella palmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,palmata,,,,,"Inger and Stuebing, 1991", 57547,Leptobrachella parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,parva,,,,,"Dring, 1984", 57552,Leptobrachium gunungense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,gunungense,,,,,"Malkmus, 1996", 57562,Leptobrachella arayai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,arayai,,,,,"(Matsui, 1997)", 57569,Leptobrachella maura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,maura,,,,,"(Inger, Lakim, Biun & Yambun, 1997)", 57579,Megophrys kobayashii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,kobayashii,,,,,"Matsui and Malkmus, 1997", 57631,Megophrys baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,baluensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 57636,Megophrys dringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,dringi,,,,,"Inger, Stuebing & Tan, 1995", 57818,Gastrophrynoides borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Gastrophrynoides,borneensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 57833,Kalophrynus baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,baluensis,,,,,"Kiew, 1984", 57841,Kalophrynus nubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,nubicola,,,,,"Dring, 1984", 57884,Microhyla maculifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,maculifera,,,,,"Inger, 1989", 58370,Meristogenys jerboa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,jerboa,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","Several specimens that resembles this species have been collected from Kalimantan, but these need to be verified (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017). Shimada et al. (2015) suggest that Meristogenys jerboa is composed of at least two species." 58810,Philautus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,acutus,,,,,"Dring, 1987", 58814,Philautus amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,amoenus,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 58818,Philautus aurantium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,aurantium,,,,,"Inger, 1989", 58824,Philautus bunitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,bunitus,,,,,"Inger, Stuebing and Tan, 1995", 58836,Philautus disgregus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,disgregus,,,,,"Inger, 1989", 58838,Philautus erythrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,erythrophthalmus,,,,,"Stuebing & Wong, 2000", 58851,Philautus gunungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,gunungensis,,,,,"Malkmus and Reide, 1996",We follow Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) in considering Philautus gunungensis to be separate from P. aurantium. 58891,Philautus refugii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,refugii,,,,,"Inger & Stuebing, 1996", 58899,Philautus saueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,saueri,,,,,"Malkmus and Riede, 1996", 58923,Philautus tectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,tectus,,,,,"Dring, 1987", 58930,Philautus umbra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,umbra,,,,,"Dring, 1987", 58977,Rhacophorus baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,baluensis,,,,,"Inger, 1954", 89250933,Meristogenys penrissenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,penrissenensis,,,,,"Shimada, Matsui, Nishikawa & Eto, 2015",There are no obvious differences between the adults of this species and Meristogenys phaeomerus (Inger et al. 2017). 123716589,Dysdera aneris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,DYSDERIDAE,Dysdera,aneris,,,,,"Macías-Hernández & Arnedo, 2010", 123717204,Parapelecopsis mediocris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Parapelecopsis,mediocris,,,,,"(Kulczyński, 1899)","Possible junior synonym of Parapelecopsis nemoralioides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1884) (Wunderlich 1992)" 123717353,Tenuiphantes tenebricoloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Tenuiphantes,tenebricoloides,,,,,"(Schenkel, 1938)", 123731447,Sigaloseps deplanchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sigaloseps,deplanchei,,,,,"(Bavay, 1869)","Sigaloseps deplanchei displays considerable morphometric variation and a low level of genetic variation across its range. Sadlier et al. (2014) investigated the variation further through a broad-scale genetic study and identified two new species that were previously included within S. deplanchei, those are now assessed separately as S. conditus and S. pisinnus." 123732608,Sigaloseps ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sigaloseps,ruficauda,,,,,"Sadlier & Bauer, 1999","The results from field, morphological and genetic studies revealed that Sigaloseps ruficauda was a species complex containing two distinct taxa and it was therefore split it into a more restricted concept of S. ruficauda and a new species S. ferrugicauda (Sadlier et al. 2014)." 15182432,Ptychophis flavovirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ptychophis,flavovirgatus,,,,,"Gomes, 1915", 15155809,Apostolepis cerradoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,cerradoensis,,,,,"De Lema, 2003",This species is known only from the holotype and its taxonomic status is consequently uncertain (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2012). 203557,Rodriguesophis chui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rodriguesophis,chui,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1993)", 15157883,Atractus caete,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,caete,,,,,"Passos, Fernandes, Bérnils & Moura-Leite, 2010", 75606615,Tropidophis preciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,preciosus,,,,,"Curcio, Sales Nunes, Suzart Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues, 2012", 44580118,Chironius laevicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,laevicollis,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1824)", 96105025,Chironius foveatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,foveatus,,,,,"Bailey, 1955", 15156107,Apostolepis flavotorquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,flavotorquata,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 15202987,Tropidophis paucisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,paucisquamis,,,,,"(Müller, 1901)", 15156663,Apostolepis lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,lineata,,,,,"Cope, 1887","This species is known from only two specimens. One of them is considered lost and the other preserved in poor condition, making comparisons with more recent material difficult. Any new collections need to be compared with the surviving specimen to confirm their identity." 15158439,Atractus potschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,potschi,,,,,"Fernandes, 1995", 15202945,Epictia borapeliotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,borapeliotes,,,,,"(Vanzolini, 1996)","A record of this species from the Serra de Baturité, state of Ceará was reidentified as Epictia albifrons by Borges-Nojosa in 2006, following a survey of diversity in this area." 15182516,Dipsas neuwiedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,neuwiedi,,,,,"(Ihering, 1911)",Arteaga et al. (2018) found that Sibynomorphus was non-monophyletic and that species assigned to this genus instead belonged to four distinct clades within Dipsas. These authors consequently proposed that Sibynomorphus be considered a junior synonym of Dipsas. 15182967,Taeniophallus persimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,persimilis,,,,,"(Cope, 1869)", 15177933,Echinanthera amoena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Echinanthera,amoena,,,,,"(Jan, 1863)", 96105971,Helicops apiaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,apiaka,,,,,"Kawashita-Ribeiro, Ávila & Morais, 2013", 50951415,Dipsas sazimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,sazimai,,,,,"Fernandes, Marques & Argôlo, 2010", 203282,Dendrophidion atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,atlantica,,,,,"Freire, Caramaschi & Gonçalves, 2010", 39902,Bothrops pirajai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,pirajai,,,,,"Amaral, 1923", 50957141,Bothrops marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,marmoratus,,,,,"Da Silva & Rodrigues, 2008", 15158472,Atractus serranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,serranus,,,,,"Amaral, 1930", 96102258,Atractus hoogmoedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,hoogmoedi,,,,,"Prudente & Passos, 2010", 15157398,Apostolepis serrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,serrana,,,,,"De Lema & Renner, 2006", 15156778,Apostolepis nelsonjorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,nelsonjorgei,,,,,"De Lema & Renner, 2004", 15155661,Apostolepis ammodites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,ammodites,,,,,"Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque, 2005", 203651,Trilepida salgueiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,salgueiroi,,,,,"(Amaral, 1955)", 15183239,Thamnodynastes sertanejo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,sertanejo,,,,,"Bailey, Thomas & Da Silva Jr, 2005", 15182893,Taeniophallus bilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,bilineatus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1885)", 15183187,Thamnodynastes rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,rutilus,,,,,"(Prado, 1942)", 203649,Trilepida koppesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,koppesi,,,,,"(Amaral, 1955)", 15155676,Apostolepis arenaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,arenaria,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1993", 15156375,Apostolepis gaboi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,gaboi,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1992", 15157797,Atractus alphonsehogei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,alphonsehogei,,,,,"Da Cunha & Do Nascimento, 1983", 15158415,Atractus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,maculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 15203927,Bothrops fonsecai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,fonsecai,,,,,"Hoge & Belluomini, 1959", 50951326,Dipsas alternans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,alternans,,,,,"(Fischer, 1885)", 203578,Pseudoboa martinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoboa,martinsi,,,,,"Zaher, Oliveira & Franco, 2008", 15179262,Erythrolamprus mossoroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,mossoroensis,,,,,"(Hoge & Lima-Verde, 1973)", 15181418,Phalotris concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,concolor,,,,,"Ferrarezzi, 1993","Entiauspe-Neto et al. (2021) examined the only known specimen of Phalotris cerradensis, originally described as a range extension for P. concolor to Bahia State, and confirmed that P. cerradensis represents a junior synonym of P. concolor." 39901,Erythrolamprus atraventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,atraventer,,,,,"(Dixon & Thomas, 1985)", 15178232,Elapomorphus quinquelineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Elapomorphus,quinquelineatus,,,,,"(Raddi, 1820)", 96102546,Atractus surucucu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,surucucu,,,,,"Prudente & Passos, 2008", 96101800,Atractus edioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,edioi,,,,,"Da Silva, Rodrigues Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Do Amaral Souza, 2005","The validity of the taxon uncertain, as it is known from a single specimen that may be an anomalous individual of Atractus pantostictus (P. Passos pers. comm. 2012)." 96101770,Atractus altagratiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,altagratiae,,,,,"Passos & Fernandes, 2008", 15157465,Apostolepis striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,striata,,,,,"De Lema, 2004","Apostolepis striata was described based on its type specimen alone (Lema 2004). More data is necessary for a more complete description, including comparisons with other Apostolepis such as Apostolepis serrana Lema, 2004, A. nigroterminata Boulenger, 1896, and A. phillipsae Harvey, 1999." 15155480,Apostolepis albicollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,albicollaris,,,,,"De Lema, 2002", 15183390,Xenodon guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1894", 75606493,Tropidophis grapiuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDOPHIIDAE,Tropidophis,grapiuna,,,,,"Curcio, Sales Nunes, Suzart Argolo, Skuk & Rodrigues, 2012", 15183292,Tropidodryas striaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodryas,striaticeps,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 203644,Trilepida brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Laurent, 1949)", 15182759,Sordellina punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sordellina,punctata,,,,,"(Peters, 1880)", 203647,Trilepida fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Passos, Caramaschi & Pinto, 2006)", 96111485,Trilepida jani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,jani,,,,,"(Pinto & Fernandes, 2012)", 15183466,Xenodon matogrossensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,matogrossensis,,,,,"(Scrocchi & Cruz, 1993)", 15183611,Xenodon nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,nattereri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 15155834,Apostolepis christineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,christineae,,,,,"De Lema, 2002","The identity of two records from Santa Cruz in Bolivia, assigned to this species by Harvey (1999), based on two specimens that these authors acknowledged differ from the holotype, remains uncertain. Entiauspe and Lema (2015) concluded that these represented Apostolepis christineae based on photographs of the museum specimens, but did not examine the specimens to confirm this identification and A. christineae is so far known with certainty only from the Brazilian type locality. Pending direct examination of the specimens it is considered speculative to assign these records to either species (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2020), and they are consequently excluded from this assessment." 15156719,Apostolepis longicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,longicaudata,,,,,"Gomes, 1921", 15158247,Atractus francoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,francoi,,,,,"Passos, Fernandes, Bérnils & Moura-Leite, 2010", 15158279,Atractus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,guentheri,,,,,"(Wucherer, 1861)", 96102416,Atractus pantostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,pantostictus,,,,,"Fernandes & Puorto, 1993", 15158463,Atractus ronnie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,ronnie,,,,,"Passos, Fernandes & Borges-Nojosa, 2007", 15158494,Atractus trihedrurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,trihedrurus,,,,,"Amaral, 1926", 50957058,Bothrops leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,leucurus,,,,,"Wagler, 1824", 50957350,Bothrops otavioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,otavioi,,,,,"Barbo, Grazziotin, Sazima, Martins & Sawaya, 2012", 62233,Dipsas albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,albifrons,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1884)", 15179213,Erythrolamprus carajasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,carajasensis,,,,,"(Da Cunha, Do Nascimento & Ávila-Pires, 1985)","H. Zaher (pers. comm. 2012) reported that this species was being reviewed and will possibly be synonymized with Erythrolamprus almadensis. This synonymy has never been published and ecologically distinct form ""may well"" represent a validly distinct species (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2019)." 15179250,Erythrolamprus maryellenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,maryellenae,,,,,"(Dixon, 1985)", 15178878,Helicops modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,modestus,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 15179167,Hydrodynastes melanogigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Hydrodynastes,melanogigas,,,,,"Franco, Fernandes & Bentim, 2007", 15202852,Micrurus decoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,decoratus,,,,,"(Jan, 1858)", 15181627,Philodryas arnaldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Philodryas,arnaldoi,,,,,"(Amaral, 1932)", 15181491,Phalotris nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,nasutus,,,,,"(Gomes, 1915)", 15181439,Phalotris labiomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,labiomaculatus,,,,,"De Lema, 2002", 50957122,Bothrops marajoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,marajoensis,,,,,"Hoge, 1966","

This species is only weakly distinguishable from Bothrops atrox, and a preliminary investigations of the relationships between these taxa concluded that further research is required to fully resolve its status (Wüster et al. 1996, Alencar et al. 2016).

" 15158719,Coronelaps lepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coronelaps,lepidus,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1861)", 15154661,Epicrates assisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Epicrates,assisi,,,,,"Machado, 1945", 15155792,Apostolepis cearensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,cearensis,,,,,"Gomes, 1915","The taxonomic status of Apostolepis sanctaeritae is unresolved. This species was long considered a junior synonym of A. flavotorquata following Amaral (1930), but more recently has variously been treated as either a full species (Lema and Fernandes 1997, Lema 2002) or a junior synonym of A. cearensis (Ferrazzi et al. 1993). Ferrarezzi et al. (2005) adopt the latter arrangement, but despite summarizing the taxonomic confusion surrounding this species they do not comment on this assignment. Most recently, molecular samples referred to A. sanctaeritae were recovered as distinct from A. caerensis by Grazziotin et al. (2012), but these authors do not comment on this finding and the ""A. sanctaeritae"" samples used are now recognized to have been mislabelled sequences referabble to A. ammodytes (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2018). This account follows the advice of C. Nogueira (pers. comm. 2018) in retaining A. sanctaeritae as a junior synonym of A. caerensis pending further research." 203202,Liotyphlops trefauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANOMALEPIDIDAE,Liotyphlops,trefauti,,,,,"Freire, Caramaschi, Suzart Argôlo, 2007", 15177551,Echinanthera cephalostriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Echinanthera,cephalostriata,,,,,"Di Bernardo, 1996", 56041200,Micrurus pacaraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,pacaraimae,,,,,"Morato de Carvalho, 2002", 15181448,Phalotris lativittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,lativittatus,,,,,"Ferrarezzi, 1993", 15178654,Helicops gomesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,gomesi,,,,,"Amaral, 1921", 15179191,Lioheterophis iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Lioheterophis,iheringi,,,,,"Amaral, 1935","This species was described from a specimen which may have erroneous locality data (H. Zaher pers. comm. 2019), as it does not resemble any other known South Anerican snake (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2019). It is consequently possible it is from another continent." 15178924,Helicops tapajonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Helicops,tapajonicus,,,,,"Da Frota, 2005", 96105774,Erythrolamprus oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,oligolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 203561,Rodriguesophis scriptorcibatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rodriguesophis,scriptorcibatus,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1993)", 203582,Pseudoboa serrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudoboa,serrana,,,,,"Morato, Moura-Leite, Prudente & Bérnils, 1995", 15178360,Elapomorphus wuchereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Elapomorphus,wuchereri,,,,,"Günther, 1861", 15183031,Taeniophallus quadriocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Taeniophallus,quadriocellatus,,,,,"Santos, Di-Bernardo & De Lema, 2008", 15177312,Ditaxodon taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Ditaxodon,taeniatus,,,,,"(Peters in Hensel, 1868)", 15177500,Echinanthera cephalomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Echinanthera,cephalomaculata,,,,,"Di Bernardo, 1994", 15202897,Micrurus ibiboboca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,ibiboboca,,,,,"(Merrem, 1820)",The name Micrurus ibiboboca is applied to a complex of at least three species endemic to Brazil. M. ibiboboca sensu stricto has a range evidently restricted to the Caatinga and to the Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil. 56050402,Siagonodon acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Siagonodon,acutirostris,,,,,"Pinto & Curcio, 2011", 203560,Rodriguesophis iglesiasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rodriguesophis,iglesiasi,,,,,"(Gomes, 1915)", 203598,Siphlophis longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Siphlophis,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1901)", 15183134,Thamnodynastes longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,longicaudus,,,,,"Franco, Ferreira, Marques & Sazima, 2003", 50957317,Bothrops muriciensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothrops,muriciensis,,,,,"Ferrarezzi & Freire, 2001", 50956470,Epictia clinorostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,clinorostris,,,,,"Arredondo & Zaher, 2010", 96105905,Gomesophis brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Gomesophis,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Gomes, 1918)", 190548,Mussurana montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Mussurana,montana,,,,,"(Franco, Marques & Puorto, 1997)", 15181482,Phalotris multipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Phalotris,multipunctatus,,,,,"Puorto & Ferrarezzi, 1993", 56040356,Micrurus brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,brasiliensis,,,,,"Roze, 1967", 15177796,Echinanthera melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Echinanthera,melanostigma,,,,,"(Wagler, 1824)", 15183082,Thamnodynastes almae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,almae,,,,,"Franco & Ferreira, 2003", 123768950,Cuora trifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,trifasciata,,,,,"(Bell, 1825)","

Traditionally considered to be a single species with some variation in colouration, morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses have produced conflicting results and conclusions in recent years (Blanck et al. 2006, Spinks et al. 2009). The Vietnamese and possible Laotian populations are recognized as a separate species, Cuora cyclornata Blanck, McCord & Le 2006, with two subspecies, C. c. cyclornata Blanck, McCord & Le, 2006 and C. c. meieri Blanck, McCord & Le, 2006.

" 123770233,Malayemys khoratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Malayemys,khoratensis,,,,,"Ihlow, Vamberger, Flecks, Hartmann, Cota, Makchai, Meewattana, Dawson, Kheng, Rödder & Fritz, 2016", 47102699,Capitellum parvicruzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Capitellum,parvicruzae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012",This species is known from a single historical specimen that appears to have been overlooked until formally described by Hedges and Conn (2012). 69626424,Planorbella columbiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Planorbella,columbiensis,,,,,"(Baker, 1945)", 22686853,Apus acuticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,acuticauda,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1864)", 2815,Bison bison,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Bison,bison,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",There are two recognized subspecies in North America: Bison bison bison and B. b. athabascae. 15419,Orcaella brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Orcaella,brevirostris,,,,,"(Owen in Gray, 1866)","Dolphins of the genus Orcaella were split into two species by Beasley et al. (2002, 2005), the Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) and the Snubfin Dolphin (O. heinsohni)." 15648,Otomops martiensseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,martiensseni,,,,,"(Matschie, 1897)","Two subspecies, including the nominate Otomops martiensseni martiensseni and O. m. icarus (from South Africa, Zimbabwe and Angola) were recognised by Meester et al. (1986). However, recent ecological, morphometric and molecular data indicate that there is ongoing gene flow between widely scattered populations across locations of southern, western and eastern Africa (Lamb et al. 2006, 2008; Richards et al. 2012; Ralph et al. 2015). In light of a newly described northeastern species, O. harrisoni, the distribution of O. martiensseni in sub-Saharan Africa has been revised to exclude the Arabian Peninsula, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Kenya (Ralph et al. 2015). Although previously included within O. martiensseni (Simmons 2005), populations from Madagascar are now considered a distinct species (O. madagascariensis) following genetic and morphometric studies (Dorst 1953; Lamb et al. 2008; Richards et al. 2012; Ralph et al. 2015)." 15953,Panthera onca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Panthera,onca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The status of the subspecies is unclear. Although eight subspecies have been recognized (Seymour 1989), morphological and genetic analyses do not support the existence of discrete subspecies (Larson 1997, Eizirik et al. 2001, Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2006). While not elevating the regional differences to the subspecies level, Eizirk et al. (2001) found evidence for four incompletely isolated phylogeographic groups: Mexico and Guatemala, southern Central America, northern South America, and South America south of the Amazon River. Similarly, Ruiz-Garcia et al. (2006) found that the Andes Mountains incompletely isolates Jaguar populations in Colombia." 17978,Pontoporia blainvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PONTOPORIIDAE,Pontoporia,blainvillei,,,,,"(Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844)","This species was listed in the 1996-2002 IUCN Red Lists under the family Platanistidae. It is now most commonly assigned to the family Pontoporiidae, and at least sometimes in the superfamily Inioidea (Muizon et al. 2017)." 20425,Sousa teuszii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Sousa,teuszii,,,,,"(Kükenthal, 1892)","The Sousa teuszii holotype (a skull) was recovered in the “Bucht des Kameruner Kriegsshiffhafens,” (“Bay of Warships” or ‘Man O’War Bay’), in Cameroon by the German agronomist Eduard Tëusz. The German zoologist Willy Kükenthal examined it at Jena and described it as the new species Sotalia teuszii in honour of its discoverer (Kükenthal 1891, Kükenthal 1892, Van Beneden 1892, Ayissi et al. 2014). The species was originally placed in the genus Sotalia; the genus name Sousa came into general use only in the 1960s (Fraser and Purves 1960, Fraser 1966). Thorough reviews of the species taxonomy are provided by Van Waerebeek et al. (2004) and Jefferson and Rosenbaum (2014). Photographs of the holotype are provided by Kükenthal (Table 21, Kükenthal 1892), Pilleri and Gihr (1972) and Jefferson and Van Waerebeek (2004). Illustrations of the holotype were provided by Van Beneden (1892). The holotype is now held by the British Museum (catalogue number 1893.8.1.1).

The collection details for the holotype are unclear but were of consequence. The dolphin skull and a shark-mauled carcass of a West African manatee were apparently recovered by Tëusz following a heavy rain storm and were subsequently confused (Van Waerebeek et al. 2004). The stomach of the manatee contained vegetable matter, leading Kükenthal to hypothesize that the species was perhaps riparian and vegetarian, an impression reinforced by the dolphin’s rounded (worn) teeth. The Belgian zoologist Pierre Joseph Van Beneden (with whom Kükenthal corresponded) compounded the misunderstanding in a separate publication (Kükenthal 1891, Kükenthal 1892, Van Beneden 1892, Van Waerebeek et al. 2004). Necropsies of fresh animals in the 1950s confirmed that they were piscivorous and marine (Cadenat 1956, Cadenat and Paraiso 1957).

Recent genetic and morphometric work has served to clarify the taxonomy of the genus Sousa (Jefferson and Rosenbaum 2014, Jefferson and Van Waerebeek 2004, Mendez et al. 2013). The available data indicate that there is “strong and significant genetic and morphologic differentiation between S. teuszii and all other sampling units…with no evidence of exchange or contact” (Mendez et al. 2013). Principal components analysis demonstrated that S. teuszii have significantly shorter rostra, wider skulls and lower tooth counts (an average of about 30 teeth per row vs. about 33-37 for other species) when compared with Southeast African, Arabian/Persian Gulf and Indian Sousa specimens (Jefferson and Rosenbaum 2014, Jefferson and Van Waerebeek 2004). There are no shared mtDNA haplotypes with other species in the genus, but a phylogenetic assessment of combined nuclear and mtDNA datasets indicates that S. teuszii is most closely related to Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphins (Sousa plumbea) from South East Africa (Mendez et al. 2013). The most plausible mechanism for their isolation is the Benguela upwelling system, an area dominated by cold upwelling that is located within the ~2,000 km distribution gap between S. teuszii and S. plumbea (Jefferson and Van Waerebeek 2004, Mendez et al. 2013)." 22066,Tremarctos ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Tremarctos,ornatus,,,,,"(F.G. Cuvier, 1825)", 41772,Sus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,SUIDAE,Sus,barbatus,,,,,"Müller, 1838","There are two subspecies recognized by Lucchini et al. (2005): oi from Sumatra, Bangka and Palang Bintang in the Riau Archipelago; and barbatus from Peninsular (West) Malaysia, Borneo, and Sibutu Island (west of the Sulu Archipelago). Groves (1981) and Groves and Grubb (1993) previously included ahoenobarbus from Balabac, Palawan and offshore islands and the Calamian Islands, however this has since been classified as a distinct species, S. ahoenobarbus (Groves 2001, Lucchini et al. 2005)." 136315,Orcaella heinsohni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Orcaella,heinsohni,,,,,"Beasley, Robertson & Arnold, 2005","Until 2005, the genus Orcaella was considered monotypic, with the Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) being the only species (Rice 1998). In 2005, a study on the external and skull morphology, colour pattern, and mitochondrial DNA control region using samples from much of the genus’s range, showed that the Orcaella in Australia differ from those elsewhere and they are now regarded as a separate species, the Australian Snubfin Dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) (Beasley et al. 2005). No subspecies are recognised.

Recent genetic analyses including samples from Papua New Guinea, and new samples from northern Australia (including the type specimen of O. heinsohni), confirmed the occurrence of the Australian Snubfin Dolphin in at least southern Papua New Guinea (Beasley et al. 2017)." 47968266,Hylomyscus denniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,denniae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)","Recent systematic revisions and species descriptions have drastically changed the status of H. denniae since its last assessment. Carleton and Stanley (2005) split H. denniae into three separate species: H. denniae, H. anselli and H. arcimontensis, Subsequent molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses of the Hylomyscus denniae species complex, have revealed additional new species within the complex, with 7 species now recognised from the H. denniae and H. anselli species groups within the H. denniae species complex (Carleton and Stanley 2005; Carleton et al. 2006; Demos et al. 2014a, 2014b, Carleton et al. 2015). The H. denniae group is distributed in East Central African mountains while the H. anselli group is distributed across more southern mountains. This species is part of the H. denniae group, along with H. endorobae and H. vulcanorum both formerly described as H. denniae (Carleton et al. 2006, Demos et al. 2014b, 2015)." 47979117,Hylomyscus stella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Hylomyscus,stella,,,,,"(Thomas, 1911)","Nicolas et al. (2008) reviewed the taxonomy of H. stella, resulting in this species being split into H. stella and H. walterverheyeni." 48268560,Cryptotis meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,meridensis,,,,,"Thomas, 1898", 48269619,Cryptotis griseoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,griseoventris,,,,,"Jackson, 1933","Cryptotis goodwini and Cryptotis griseoventris are sister species. Cryptotis goodwini are larger in size; however, cranial measurements of the species broadly overlap (Woodman 2010)." 48269679,Cryptotis goodwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,goodwini,,,,,"Jackson, 1933","Cryptotis goodwini and Cryptotis griseoventris are sister species. Cryptotis goodwini are larger in size; however, cranial measurements of the species broadly overlap (Woodman 2010)." 82031425,Sousa chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Sousa,chinensis,,,,,"(Osbeck, 1765)","Until recently, all Indian and Pacific Ocean humpback dolphins were considered to be part of a single widespread and highly-variable species, S. chinensis, whose range extended throughout the coastal rim of the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, from South Africa in the west to northern Australia and central China in the east (see for example, Jefferson and Karczmarski 2001). However, there has long been a suspicion that the form with a distinctive dorsal hump and restricted to the Indian Ocean may be a distinct species – S. plumbea (see Jefferson and Van Waerebeek 2004). In the last few years, mitochondrial (mt) DNA analyses also suggested that humpback dolphins from Australia (previously also included in the chinensis species) were highly distinct from other Indo-Pacific populations, possibly at the species level (Frere et al. 2008, 2011).

A global study of variation in the genus Sousa, combining data on skull morphology with both mtDNA and nuclear DNA data obtained throughout its range, confirmed that both S. plumbea and the Australian form were in fact distinct species (Mendez et al. 2013). A follow-up paper by Jefferson and Rosenbaum (2014) reviewed all the available taxonomic evidence and nomenclature, and proposed a formal revision of the genus’ taxonomy. In this scheme, humpback dolphins found in the Indian and Pacific oceans are split into three species: S. plumbea (Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin), found only in the western Indian Ocean; S. chinensis (Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin), found in the eastern Indian Ocean and throughout Southeast Asia; and S. sahulensis (Australian Humpback Dolphin), found off northern Australia and southern New Guinea. The Atlantic Humpback Dolphin, S. teuszii, is the fourth species in the genus, found only off West Africa. This view has been accepted by the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (Society for Marine Mammalogy 2014).

There are still several unresolved issues in humpback dolphin taxonomy. Humpback dolphins off Bangladesh have been assumed to correspond to S. chinensis, based on external appearance (primarily the shape of the dorsal fin, absence of a dorsal hump, and similar spotting patterns – see Smith et al. 2008), but recent mtDNA genetic evidence suggests that they do not group with either S. chinensis or S. plumbea, and may in fact be more closely related phylogenetically to S. sahulensis (Amaral et al. 2015). Further work is needed to clarify their taxonomic status, but for this assessment they are provisionally included, with the caveat that future work may very well show them to be of a species separate from S. chinensis. In fact, the taxonomic affinities of humpback dolphins in the entire Bay of Bengal (i.e., eastern India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Myanmar) need to be urgently re-examined. There is also still some uncertainty regarding the exact taxonomic status of populations observed in Mainland Malaysia and Borneo (see Minton et al. 2016).

There is extensive geographic variation below the level of the species in S. chinensis, most of it not yet properly documented, and the validity/limits of most proposed subspecies or geographic forms are not yet well known. However, the taxonomic status of the Eastern Taiwan Strait subpopulation has recently been evaluated, and has been proposed to represent a subspecies, S. chinensis taiwanensis Wang et al. 2015. The nominotypological subspecies, S. chinensis chinensis, would then apply to all other animals in the species (Wang et al. 2015). This taxonomic change has been recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (Society for Marine Mammalogy 2016)." 91934441,Sicista subtilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,subtilis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","This is the new taxonomic concept for S. subtilis (Cserkész et al. 2016). Previously it included Sicista subtilis trizona now elevated to species level as Sicista trizona, and Sicista subtilis nordmanni now Sicista loriger. Cserkész et al. (2016) recommended that Severtzov’s Birch Mouse (Sicista severtzovi) be recognized as a subspecies of Southern Birch Mouse, S. subtilis severtzovi, not as a separate valid species as it was originally described by Ognev (1935)." 92459293,Chaetodipus arenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HETEROMYIDAE,Chaetodipus,arenarius,,,,,"(Merriam, 1894)","The current subspecies included under Chaetodipus arenarius are C. a. arenarius (Merriam, 1894), Chaetodipus a. albescens (Huey, 1926), Chaetodipus a. ambiguus (Nelson & Goldman, 1929), Chaetodipus a. mexicalis (Huey, 1939), Chaetodipus a. paralios (Huey, 1964), Chaetodipus a. albulus (Nelson & Goldman, 1923), Chaetodipus a. helleri (Elliot, 1903) and C. a. ramirezpulidoi (Álvarez-Castañeda & Cortés-Calva, 2004) (Álvarez-Castañeda and Rios 2011)." 96791166,Thomasomys cinereiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,cinereiventer,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1912","Cabrera (1961) considered Thomasomys erro as a subspecies of T. cinereiventer, but Voss (2003) elevated T. erro to full species. Musser and Carleton (1993, 2005) treated T. contradictus and T. dispar as subspecies or simple synonyms of T. cinereiventer. However, Pacheco (2003) held these taxa as full species (Pacheco 2015)." 96799835,Thomasomys laniger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,laniger,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)",A current revision recognizes emeritus as a valid species (Pacheco 2015). 96800866,Thomasomys popayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Thomasomys,popayanus,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1912", 111754705,Crocidura obscurior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,obscurior,,,,,"Heim de Balsac, 1958","Crocidura obscurior is part of the C. obscurior complex which composed of two cryptic and sympatric species, C. obscurior and C. eburnea (Jacquet et al. 2014). C. eburnea and C. obscurior are sibling species, and diagnostic characters can only be defined based on skull shape and mitochondrial nucleotide sequences (Jacquet et al. 2014). Crocidura obscurior is the only species present in eastern Côte d’Ivoire and in Ghana, but it is sympatric with C. eburnea in south-eastern Guinea, eastern Liberia and south-western Côte d’Ivoire (Jacquet et al. 2014). The C. obscurior complex forms a clade with the Afrotropical species C. luna as well as the Eurasian species C. leucodon, C. zimmermanni, C. elongata, C. sicula, C. musseri, C. levicula, C. rhoditis and C. nigripes, (Dubey et al. 2008, Jacquet et al. 2014)." 111767309,Crocidura monax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,monax,,,,,"Thomas, 1910","This is the new taxonomic concept for Crocidura monax. It represents a clade of several similar species. Stanley et al. (2015) used multivariate analyses of morphometric traits and phylogenetic and species-delimitation analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data to assess species-level diversity for the species clade from the montane islands of Tanzania. These analyses revealed several distinct lineages, which are treated as six allopatric species: C. monax, C. tansaniana, and C. usambarae, and three new species (Crocidura mdumai, Crocidura munissii, Crocidura newmarki)." 111872341,Tupaia glis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,glis,,,,,"(Diard, 1820)","The species taxonomic concept has been revised, with several populations previously considered T. glis now recognized as T. hypochrysa (Sargis et al. 2013a), T. discolor (Sargis et al. 2013b, and T. ferruginea (Sargis et al. 2013b, Sargis et al. 2014). The Siberut Island population attributed to T. glis is now considered conspecific with T. chrysogaster Miller, 1903 (Sargis et al. 2014)." 111876319,Batomys granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Batomys,granti,,,,,"Thomas, 1895","Batomys granti is most closely related to B. uragon from which it has recently been split. Species of Batomys from Luzon are a sister group to the genus Crateromys (Balete et al. 2015), with both being part of the arboreal cloud rat clade that is the sister group to the rest of the subfamily Murinae (Jansa et al. 2006, Heaney et al. 2009, Schenk et al. 2013)." 112464492,Coccymys ruemmleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Coccymys,ruemmleri,,,,,"(Tate & Archbold, 1941)","A recent taxonomic revision recognises three species within the genus Coccymys: C. ruemmleri, C. kirrhos and C. shawmayeri (Musser and Lunde 2009). C. ruemmleri can be distinguished from C. shawmayeri and C. kirrhos by fur coloration, tail traits, and qualitative cranial and dental characteristics (Musser and Lunde 2009). C. ruemmleri is regionally sympatric with C. shawmayeri in western Papua New Guinea, where the former is apparently restricted to high altitudes on the Star Mountains and the latter occurs at lower altitudes in the highlands around the Telefomin Valley (Musser and Lunde 2009)." 112515709,Crocidura usambarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,usambarae,,,,,"Dippenaar, 1980","Molecular analysis shows Crocidura usambarae to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015). Although C. usambarae is endemic to the South Pares, it is a member of a clade that includes the East and West Usambaras (C. tansaniana), the middle Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM): Rubeho, Ukaguru, Uluguru, and Udzungwa (Crocidura munissii)., Mt. Meru (Crocidura newmarki), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and Ngorongoro (Crocidura mdumai). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax clade is significant as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015)." 114957548,Akodon dolores,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Akodon,dolores,,,,,"Thomas, 1916","Formerly included in Muridae (Musser and Carleton 2005). Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers 1989). The species needs further taxonomic research; near the type locality there is another karyotypic form that may be another species." 114980541,Brucepattersonius griserufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Brucepattersonius,griserufescens,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1998",This species has been synonymized with Brucepattersonius griserufescens (Vilela et al. 2006). It is treated as monotypic by Vilela et al. (2015). 115553730,Ctenomys frater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CTENOMYIDAE,Ctenomys,frater,,,,,"Thomas, 1902","Woods (1993) included barbarus, budini, and utibilis but see Galliari et al. (1996). Argentine populations previously recognized as frater are here recognized as budini or sylvanus. It is closely related to lewisi (Cook et al. 1990, Cook and Yates 1994, Lessa and Cook 1998). Karyotype has 2n = 52 and FN = 78 (Cook et al. 1990). The five subspecies of C. frater are C.f. frater, C.f. barbarous, C.f. budini, C.f. mordosus, and C.f. sylvanus (de Freitas 2016)." 115554360,Oryzomys gorgasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oryzomys,gorgasi,,,,,"Hershkowitz, 1971",This species is monotypic. Oryzomys gorgasi has been considered synonyms with O. curasoae (an extinct species based on remains obtained from limestone fissures) with priority for the name O. gorgasi (Percequillo 2015). 115555116,Juscelinomys huanchacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Juscelinomys,huanchacae,,,,,"Emmons, 1999",Juscelinomys guaporensis was reduced to a subjective synonym of J. huanchacae (as originally described) by Emmons and Patton (2012). 115590985,Oxymycterus paramensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,paramensis,,,,,"Thomas, 1902", 116988741,Neotoma lepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,lepida,,,,,"Thomas, 1893", 117189944,Neotoma bryanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Neotoma,bryanti,,,,,"Merriam, 1887","Neotoma bryanti formerly was known as N. lepida intermedia (Patton et al. 2008). This species now also includes the previously recognized insular species N. anthonyi, N. martinensis, and N. bunkeri, and all other insular named taxa (excluding insularis from Ángel de la Guarda) as subspecies (Patton et al. 2014)." 121097935,Pongo abelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HOMINIDAE,Pongo,abelii,,,,,"Lesson, 1827","Historically, the Sumatran and Bornean Orangutans were both considered to be subspecies of Pongo pygmaeus (e.g., Rijksen and Meijaard 1999). Recent taxonomic reviews (Groves 2001, Brandon-Jones et al. 2004) support the acceptance of the Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) as distinct from its Bornean relative (Pongo pygmaeus). This classification has since been widely adopted (e.g., Singleton et al. 2004). A recent study (Nater et al. 2017) proposed that the Batang Toru population is a separate species (Pongo tapanuliensis), and therefore this assessment does not include the orangutans in that area." 9760,Helarctos malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Helarctos,malayanus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)","Sun Bears on Borneo (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus) are sufficiently different from those on the Asian mainland and Sumatra, representing the typical form (H. m. malayanus), as to warrant subspecific differentiation (Meijaard 2004). There was one case of a wild Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) - Sun Bear hybrid recorded in Cambodia (Galbreath et al. 2008)." 111871214,Tupaia longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,longipes,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","Tupaia longipes and T. salatana from Borneo have long been considered distinct as northern and southern subspecies (e.g., Helgen 2005, Lyon 1913), with the Sargis et al. (2013) study showing that they can be considered distinct species." 123802224,Lissemys ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Lissemys,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1856)","Praschag et al. (2011), in a detailed study of the species in the range, have shown that the evolutionary distances of the two allopatrically distributed clades (Lissemys scutata, Myanmar) and (Sri Lanka) to their closest relatives are distinctly higher than among Indian ones. This suggested that the two clades from Myanmar and Sri Lanka represent old lineages that diverged between the Early Miocene and the Lower Pliocene (mean estimates: approx. 11 and 8 myr), whereas the other clades between the uppermost Miocene and the Early Pleistocene, mean ages of 4.5 and 4.2 myr)." 48296412,Crocidura attenuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,attenuata,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1872", 110678346,Tupaia palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,palawanensis,,,,,"Thomas, 1894","Tupaia palawensis includes T. moellendorffi (Roberts et al. 2011, Sargis et al. 2014), which was previously described as a separate species (see Helgen 2005)." 17975,Pongo pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HOMINIDAE,Pongo,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1760)",Although there is ongoing debate about the taxonomic status of the Bornean Orangutan (see review in Goossens et al. 2009); three subspecies are currently recognized for the taxon:

P. p. pygmaeus: Northwest Bornean Orangutan:
  • State of Sarawak (Malaysia)
  • Province of West Kalimantan (Indonesia)

P. p. wurmbii: Southwest Bornean Orangutan:
  • Province of West Kalimantan (Indonesia)
  • Province of Central Kalimantan (Indonesia)

P. p. morio: Northeast Bornean Orangutan:
  • State of Sabah (Malaysia)
  • Province of North Kalimantan (Indonesia)
  • Province of East Kalimantan (Indonesia)


123814489,Chelodina mccordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Chelodina,mccordi,,,,,"Rhodin, 1994","This is a new concept for this species which now includes C. timorensis McCord, Joseph-Ouni, and Hagen 2007a. Three subspecies of Chelodina mccordi are currently recognized (TTWG 2017): C. m. mccordi (Rhodin 1994) from western Roti (Rote) Island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, C. m. roteensis (McCord et al. 2007b) from eastern Roti (Rote) Island, and C. m. timorensis (McCord et al. 2007a) from Timor Leste. However, preliminary genetic work in progress suggests that there may be only one taxon on Roti (C. mccordi) and one taxon in Timor Leste (C. timorensis), possibly distinct at the species level. The common name on Roti in Bahasa Indonesian is Kura-kura Rote, and in Timor Leste the name in Tetum is Lenuk Kakorok Naruk." 9013,Geochelone platynota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Geochelone,platynota,,,,,"(Blyth, 1863)", 39430,Geochelone elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Geochelone,elegans,,,,,"(Schoepff, 1795)","Subpopulations of this species display morphological variation, with northwestern Indian subpopulations being phenotypically distinct from southeastern Indian subpopulations (Gaur et al. 2006). Range wide phylogeographic studies are clearly needed.

Common names for this species in various regional languages are as follows: Tamil: Nakshatra Amai, Moonam (Irula); Telugu: Nakshatra Tabelu; Oriya: Pathuria Kaincha, Tara Kaincha; Gujarati: Suraj Kachbo, Paththar Kachabo, Kabacha, Jamin no Kachabo; Sri Lanka:  In Sri Lanka Geochelone elegans is known by several Sinhala (language of the main ethnic race, Sinhalese) names. These names differ according to the province. For example, in Southern Province the star tortoise is popularly known as the Vehera Ibbā (Vehera = stupa or dageba as the dome-shaped carapace resembles a stupa, Ibbā = tortoise), Väṭakeyiyā Ibbā (Väṭakeyiyā = Pandanus), and in the North Central Province it is know as the Mēvara Ibbā (Mēvara= marked) or Thāraka Ibbā (Thāraka = Star). Some additional Sinhala names used in different parts of the country for Geochelone elegans are: Hūniam Ibbā (Hūniam= magic or witchcraft), Vayiran Ibbā (Vayiran = striped), Mūkalan Ibbā (Mūkalan = forest), Mékaral Ibbā (Mǟkaral = long bean), Mal Ibbā (Mal = flower), and Monara Ibbā (Monara = peacock). However, the widely used Sinhalese names are Thāraka Ibbā, Vehera Ibbā and Mevara Ibbā.Tamil names used in Sri Lanka: Kāṭṭu āmai (Kāṭṭu = forest, āmai = tortoise), Kātupeṭṭi āmai (Kāṭṭu = forest, peṭṭi = basket), Moon āmai, Pudukotta. Tamil names used in the Eastern province: Kātupeṭṭi āmai, Kal āmai (stone tortoise), Manchal āmai (Manchal = yellow) and Malai āmai (Malai = mountain tortoise); the first name is the commonly used name in the Eastern Province (Ahamed, Dharmaratnam and de Silva, 2004). It is of interest to note that the Urdu name of the star tortoise is “Tariwala kachua”." 163447,Cuora bourreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,bourreti,,,,,"Obst & Reimann, 1994","Elevated from subspecies of Cuora galbinifrons by Stuart and Parham (2004), this elevation was rejected by Fritz et al. (2006), but supported by Spinks et al. (2012) and TTWG (2014). The common name in Vietnamese is  Rua hop bua-re." 163463,Cuora picturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,picturata,,,,,"Lehr, Fritz & Obst, 1998","Elevated from a subspecies of Cuora galbinifrons by Stuart and Parham (2004); species status was contested by Fritz et al. (2006), and reaffirmed by Spinks et al. (2012) and accepted by TTWG (2014). The common name in Vietnamese is Rua hop vietnam." 97357437,Cuora galbinifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Cuora,galbinifrons,,,,,"Bourret, 1940","Cuora galbinifrons previously included the taxa bourreti and picturata as subspecies; the latter two were elevated to full species rank by Stuart and Parham (2004) (though see Fritz et al. 2006 for dissenting perspective) and reconfirmed as full species by Spinks et al. (2012) and accepted by TTWG (2014). Cuora serrata is generally accepted to be a hybrid between C. galbinifrons and C. mouhotii (Parham et al. 2001, Shi et al. 2005). Cuora hainanensis (Li 1958), once considered a full species, later a galbinifrons subspecies, is now viewed as so similar to C. galbinifrons as to not require a separate designation (Stuart and Parham 2004). The common name in Vietnamese is Rua hop tran vang." 129738745,Leptobrachium nigrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,nigrops,,,,,"Berry & Hendrickson, 1963", 58932,Philautus vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,vermiculatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)", 135770,Leptobrachella sola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,sola,,,,,"(Matsui, 2006)","The Leptolalax heteropus-solus complex has not been fully resolved and, due to morphological similarities, further genetic work is required to verify the identity of all Peninsular Malaysia records and determine its' true distribution (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop January 2018)." 165762,Pisidium reticulatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Pisidium,reticulatum,,,,,"Kuiper, 1966","Within the genus, it is difficult to identify to species level and therefore there are doubts over the validity of some Pisidium species reported from the southern African region." 123938536,Xuedytes bellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Xuedytes,bellus,,,,,"Tian & Huang, 2017", 118354917,Trimma avidori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,avidori,,,,,"(Goren, 1978)", 124048581,Ornithoptera euphorion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Ornithoptera,euphorion,,,,,"(Gray, 1853)", 124123318,Hysterotettix uniformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Hysterotettix,uniformis,,,,,"Amédégnato, 1985", 187245,Austrolebias viarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,viarius,,,,,"(Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete, 1964)", 12400,Lucifuga subterranea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,subterranea,,,,,"Poey, 1858","

Lucifuga teresinarum was recently characterized as a junior synonym of L. subterranea (Lara et al. 2010, García-Machado et al. 2011). Subpopulations previously considered L. teresinarum are included within the current distribution of L. subterranea.

" 46104013,Atractosteus tristoechus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LEPISOSTEIFORMES,LEPISOSTEIDAE,Atractosteus,tristoechus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 169400,Gambusia dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,dominicensis,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 46103980,Gambusia puncticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,puncticulata,,,,,"Poey, 1854","

The Gambusia puncticulata species complex has been the subject of considerable taxonomic revision in recent years. Several close congeners (G. baracoana, G. bucheri, and G. monticola) were elevated to the species level by Rauchenberger (1989). However, there is currently limited consensus on the taxonomic validity of these species, save some evidence to suggest that these geographic groupings do represent evolutionarily distinct units (Lara et al. 2010). Other species (G. picturata, G. oligosticta, G. caymanensis, G. nigropunctata, G. melanosticta, G. hubbsi, and G. howelli) have been assigned an junior synonyms of G. puncticulata (Fink 1971, Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016).

" 53876934,Anablepsoides cryptocallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,cryptocallus,,,,,"(Seegers, 1980)", 169371,Rivulus cylindraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Rivulus,cylindraceus,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 44531,Potamonautes loveni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,loveni,,,,,"(Colosi, 1924)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Rotundopotamonautes) granviki. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998) and Ng et al. (2008)  referred this species to Potamonautes loveni." 124309259,Poecilopholis cameronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Poecilopholis,cameronensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 124309535,Cnemaspis dilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,dilepis,,,,,"Perret, 1963", 124309665,Hemidactylus biokoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,biokoensis,,,,,"Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014", 124309734,Hemidactylus coalescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,coalescens,,,,,"Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014", 124309792,Hemidactylus eniangii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,eniangii,,,,,"Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014", 124309910,Hemidactylus ituriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,ituriensis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1919", 124309968,Hemidactylus principensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,principensis,,,,,"Miller, Sellas & Drewes, 2012", 124310090,Poromera fordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Poromera,fordii,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1857)", 124310157,Boaedon littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,littoralis,,,,,"Trape & Mediannikov, 2016", 124310216,Bothrolycus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Bothrolycus,ater,,,,,"Günther, 1874", 124310266,Dendrolycus elapoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Dendrolycus,elapoides,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 124310687,Myriopholis perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,perreti,,,,,"(Roux-Estève, 1979)", 124311338,Helophis schoutedeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Helophis,schoutedeni,,,,,"(De Witte, 1942)", 124311407,Hydraethiops laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hydraethiops,laevis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 124311433,Hydraethiops melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hydraethiops,melanogaster,,,,,"Günther, 1872", 124312442,Lacertaspis chriswildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lacertaspis,chriswildi,,,,,"(Böhme & Schmitz, 1996)", 124312489,Lacertaspis gemmiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lacertaspis,gemmiventris,,,,,"(Sjöstedt, 1897)", 124312570,Lacertaspis lepesmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lacertaspis,lepesmei,,,,,"(Angel, 1940)", 124312625,Lacertaspis reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lacertaspis,reichenowi,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 124313221,Lacertaspis rohdei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lacertaspis,rohdei,,,,,"(Müller, 1910)", 124313321,Trachylepis gonwouoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,gonwouoi,,,,,"Allen, Tapondjou, Welton & Bauer, 2017", 124313370,Leptotyphlops latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,latirostris,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1912)", 161588,Paratrygon aiereba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Paratrygon,aiereba,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)",Previous taxonomic issues relating to Paratrygon aiereba have been resolved by Rosa (1985). 219,Acinonyx jubatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Acinonyx,jubatus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1775)","Formerly included in the subfamily Acinonychinae which is a monophyletic group, (e.g., Wozencraft 1993), molecular evidence now clusters the Cheetah with the Puma (Puma concolor) and Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) in the tribe Acinonychini, diverging some 6.9 million years ago (Johnson et al. 2006, O'Brien and Johnson 2007). A close relationship between these three species is in agreement with earlier studies (Johnson and O’Brien 1997, Bininda-Emonds et al. 1999, Mattern and MacLennan 2000). The English name is derived from the Hindi Chita, meaning ""spotted one"". The generic name Acinonyx is a reference to its semi-retractile claws (Caro 1994).

Kitchener et al. (2017) recognize four subspecies:
  • Acinonyx jubatus jubatus (Schreber 1775) distributed across southern and eastern Africa. This subspecies combines two subspecies previously documented by Smithers (1975): Acinonyx jubatus jubatus (Schreber 1775) and Acinonyx jubatus raineyi (Heller 1913; 9)
  • Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii (Fitzinger, 1885) distributed across northeastern Africa
  • Acinonyx jubatus venaticus (Griffith, 1821) distributed across southwestern Asia and India
  • Acinonyx jubatus hecki (Hilzheimer, 1913) distributed across western and northwestern Africa
The authors note that further genetic analysis is needed to assess whether these subspecies designations are appropriate, or whether there needs to be further consolidation. 

" 169473392,Glyphis gangeticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Glyphis,gangeticus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)","Glyphis gangeticus was originally described from the Hooghly River, India. Records of G. gangeticus are sparse and there have been previous issues with reporting due to misidentification with other carcharhinds, mainly the Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas) and Broadfin sharks (Lamiopsis spp.), resulting in historic ambiguities about the range of G. gangeticus. The taxonomic status of the species was recently resolved with Li et al. (2015) demonstrating that G. siamensis and G. fowlerae are synonyms of G. gangeticus. Based on molecular data, there is an undescribed Glyphis species currently known from Bangladesh and Malaysian Borneo (Li et al. 2015).
" 39338,Megachasma pelagios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,MEGACHASMIDAE,Megachasma,pelagios,,,,,"Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983", 39342,Lamna ditropis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,LAMNIDAE,Lamna,ditropis,,,,,"Hubbs & Follett, 1947", 39345,Haploblepharus edwardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Haploblepharus,edwardsii,,,,,"(Schinz, 1822)",Haploblepharus edwardsii is commonly misidentified for other Haploblepharus species. 39346,Haploblepharus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Haploblepharus,fuscus,,,,,"Smith, 1950", 39348,Poroderma africanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Poroderma,africanum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 39349,Scyliorhinus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,capensis,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1838)", 39350,Leptocharias smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,LEPTOCHARIIDAE,Leptocharias,smithii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 39353,Hemitriakis leucoperiptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Hemitriakis,leucoperiptera,,,,,"Herre, 1923", 39357,Mustelus asterias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,asterias,,,,,"Cloquet, 1819", 39358,Mustelus mustelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,mustelus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Mustelus mustelus and M. asterias are morphologically similar and may be misidentified. Many early works may refer to either of the two species (Wheeler 1978). Mustelus asterias is distinguished from M. mustleus by a narrower inter-narial space and the presence of white spots on the dorsal and upper lateral sides of the former.

There is a demonstrated high level of contemporary and historical misidentification of unspotted Mustelus asterias as M. mustelus in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean region (Farrell et al. 2009, Farrell 2010). There are no reliably confirmed records of M. mustelus occurring north of Portuguese waters (Farrell 2010). Quignard and Capapé (1972) described a M. mustelus specimen from Portuguese Atlantic Ocean waters based on dermal denticle morphology and this remains the most northerly reliably identified record of this species. Similarly, some misidentification can occur between M. mustelus and M. punctulatus. This is because the black spots on the body are not unique to M. punctulatus and their absence is not diagnostic for M. mustelus. The distance of the nostrils and the shape of the mouth appear to be more useful features to distinguish the two species during fieldwork (Marino et al. 2018)." 39360,Scylliogaleus quecketti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Scylliogaleus,quecketti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 39361,Triakis acutipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Triakis,acutipinna,,,,,"Kato, 1968", 39362,Triakis megalopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Triakis,megalopterus,,,,,"(Smith, 1839)", 39367,Carcharhinus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,borneensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 39382,Rhizoprionodon terraenovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Rhizoprionodon,terraenovae,,,,,"(Richardson,1836)", 39407,Hemitrygon laosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,laosensis,,,,,"(Roberts & Karnasuta,1987)","The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat, 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae." 39771,Dipturus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,laevis,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1818)", 41730,Atelomycterus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Atelomycterus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)", 41745,Centrophorus uyato,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,uyato,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1810)","

Taxonomy of the genus Centrophorus has been much controverted during the last fifty years. Part of the confusion has been focused on two species with sessile dermic denticles (thus different from C. squamosus) whose most conspicuous anatomic differences are maximum size and size at sexual maturity. The species assessed here is to be considered the “smaller” species, and has been recently reported under the name of C. granulosus or C. uyato. In Australia, this species has been referred to as C. zeehaani.

Taxonomic confusion comes from a long history of mistakes in the literature but also from a problem of nomenclature. A recent review by White et al. (2013) included a re-description and the settlement of a neotype of the “larger species” as C. granulosus (Bloch and Schneider 1801). Nomenclature status of this species is pending a paper in preparation that is based on classic taxonomy, review of nomenclature and genetic data, and that will also include a re-description of the species (Guallart et al. 2013, Veríssimo et al. 2014).

At present this assessment is presented under the name C. uyato (Rafinesque 1810) pending this review. It must be noted that this species is assumed not to fit the description made as Squalus uyato by Rafinesque (1810) but its first descriptions of reference are those made as Spinax uyatus by Bonaparte (1834) and Müller and Henle (1839) as C. granulosus.


" 41791,Chiloscyllium indicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,indicum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 41792,Chiloscyllium griseum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,griseum,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1838", 41795,Cirrhigaleus barbifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Cirrhigaleus,barbifer,,,,,"Tanaka, 1912", 41813,Gogolia filewoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Gogolia,filewoodi,,,,,"Compagno, 1973", 41816,Hemigaleus microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Hemigaleus,microstoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 41848,Rhina ancylostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhina,ancylostoma,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801", 41854,Rhynchobatus laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,laevis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Rhynchobatus laevis is part of the Indo-West Pacific Rhynchobatus djiddensis species-complex. The name R. djiddensis has previously been used widely, leading to poorly-defined taxonomy and distributions for members of the complex (in particular, R. australiae, R. djiddensis, and R. laevis). Rhynchobatus yentinensis Wang, 1933 (described from China) might be applicable to this species or may be a synonym of R. springeri. Further investigation into the taxonomy of 'whitespotted wedgefish' is required, and additional species are likely to be described in the future." 44206,Oxynotus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,OXYNOTIDAE,Oxynotus,japonicus,,,,,"Yano & Murofushi, 1985", 44210,Apristurus fedorovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,fedorovi,,,,,"Dolganov, 1983","Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species), and spongiceps-group (10 species). Apristurus fedorovi belongs to the spongiceps-group, characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length < 6% total length) and upper labial furrows subequal to, or shorter than the lower furrows." 44211,Apristurus gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,gibbosus,,,,,"Meng, Chu & Li, 1985", 44212,Apristurus herklotsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,herklotsi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species) and spongiceps-group (10 species). Apristurus herklotsi belongs to the longicephalus-group. This group is characterized by a long, narrow snout (prenarial length >6.4% TL).  A. herklotsi is distinguished from A. longicephalus by the position of the first dorsal fin origin (behind pelvic fin insertion c.f. above pelvic fin base), the spiral valve count (8–12 c.f. 13–17), and a short duodenum as in all other Apristurus species except A. longicephalus (Nakaya 1988, Nakaya 1991, Nakaya and Sato 1999)." 44213,Apristurus internatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,internatus,,,,,"Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1988",Apristurus internatus has been considered a possible junior synonym of Apristurus gibbosus (Nakaya et al. 2008) but is considered valid here. 44214,Apristurus investigatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,investigatoris,,,,,"(Misra, 1962)","The genus Apristurus contains at least 39 described species and a number of potentially undescribed ones (Weigmann 2017). Morphological conservatism and, until recently, a lack of objectively defined characters makes this one of the most taxonomically confused shark genera (Compagno 1984, Nakaya and Sato 1999).

Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species) and spongiceps-group (10 species). Apristurus investigatoris belongs to the brunneus-group, characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length < 6% TL); 13 to 22 valves in the spiral intestine; upper labial furrows obviously longer than the lower furrows; a discontinuous supraorbital sensory canal." 44216,Apristurus laurussonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,laurussonii,,,,,"(Saemundsson, 1922)","Apristurus atlanticus was previously distinguished from A. laurussonii (Nakaya and Sato 1998), however Iglésias and Nakaya (2004) could not find any significant differences between the holotype of A. atlanticus and A. laurussonii, and therefore consider A. atlanticus to be a junior synonym of A. laurussonii.

Research is required to clarify the taxonomic status of nominal records of A. laurussonii from the US east coast, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean (Nakaya and Sato 1998, Kiraly et al. 2003). These records are not considered here to represent A. laurussonii, and as such these regions are not included in this assessment." 44218,Apristurus macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,macrorhynchus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1909)","Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species) and spongiceps-group (10 species). Apristurus macrorhynchus belongs to the brunneus-group, characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length < 6% total length) and upper labial furrows obviously longer than the lower furrows. This species is a local synonym of Broadmouth Catshark (Apristurus macrostomus) in Taiwan (Ebert et al. 2013a, Nakaya and Kawauchi 2013)." 44219,Apristurus macrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,macrostomus,,,,,"Chu, Meng & Li, 1985","Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species) and spongiceps-group (10 species). A. macrostomus belongs to the brunneus-group, characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length < 6% TL); 13 to 22 valves in the spiral intestine; upper labial furrows obviously longer than the lower furrows; a discontinuous supraorbital sensory canal." 44220,Apristurus micropterygeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,micropterygeus,,,,,"Chu, Meng & Li, 1986","Apristurus micropterygeus is unique among the species of Apristurus in having a narrow and sharply pointed first dorsal fin. However, Nakaya and Sato (2000) recommended that the status of the species be reviewed once additional specimens are available, citing the possibility that the dorsal fin of the holotype may have been malformed." 44224,Apristurus profundorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,profundorum,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1896)",Nominal records of this species from the Eastern Atlantic are possibly A. manis or another species of Apristurus (Ebert and Stehmann 2013). This species is potentially confused with A. laurussoni of which there are only two confirmed records west of Iceland — one from “Davis Strait” on the Canadian side and the other in the Denmark Strait between Iceland and Greenland (Møller et al. 2010). 44229,Bythaelurus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,immaculatus,,,,,"(Chu & Meng, 1982)", 171728748,Pliotrema warreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pliotrema,warreni,,,,,"Regan, 1906","Weigmann et al. (2020) revised the genus Pliotrema, describing two new species as distinct from P. warreni: P. annae and P. kajae." 44515,Mollisquama parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Mollisquama,parini,,,,,"Dolganov, 1984","A second species of pocket shark, Mollisquama mississippiensis Grace, Doosey, Denton, Naylor, Bart & Maisey, 2019, was recently described from the Gulf of Mexico in the Western Central Atlantic (Grace et al. 2015, Grace et al. 2019). Mollisquama parini Dolganov, 1984 remains known from only the holotype (Dolganov 1984)." 44563,Centrophorus isodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,isodon,,,,,"(Chu, Meng & Liu, 1981)",No taxonomic notes. 44564,Etmopterus sheikoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,sheikoi,,,,,"(Dolganov, 1986)", 44567,Centroscyllium granulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Centroscyllium,granulatum,,,,,"Günther, 1887","Note that the type locality reported in Compagno (1984) (Stanley, Falkland Islands) is in error and is correctly Challenger Station 311 (52°45.5'S, 73°46'W), which is in the northwestern Strait of Magellan in the Southeast Pacific (coordinates reported by L.J.V. Compagno in a draft manuscript (unpublished), calculated from Günther's station list in the Challenger Reports; Günther 1887)." 44568,Oxynotus caribbaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,OXYNOTIDAE,Oxynotus,caribbaeus,,,,,"Cervigón, 1961", 44570,Scymnodalatias oligodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Scymnodalatias,oligodon,,,,,"Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988", 44572,Apristurus canutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,canutus,,,,,"Springer & Heemstra, 1979", 44573,Apristurus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,nasutus,,,,,"de Buen, 1959", 44574,Apristurus stenseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,stenseni,,,,,"(Springer, 1979)", 44576,Bathyraja longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,longicauda,,,,,"(de Buen, 1959)", 44579,Heterodontus quoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,quoyi,,,,,"(Fréminville, 1840)","Compagno (2001) notes that N. Chirichigno (1980, pers. comm. to Compagno 1984) suggested that there may be two species under Heterodontus quoyi, with some differences between the true H. quoyi from the Galápagos Islands and the Peruvian form. Taylor (1972) examined material from both localities and concluded them to be one species. Compagno (2001) follows Taylor (1972)." 44580,Mustelus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,dorsalis,,,,,"Gill, 1864", 44584,Pseudobatos planiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,planiceps,,,,,"(Garman, 1880)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos.

In Chile, a second rhinobatid species is known from just a dried head: Tarsistes philippi Jordan, 1918. The taxonomic situation of this species is not clear." 44585,Schroederichthys chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Schroederichthys,chilensis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)", 44591,Sphyrna corona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,corona,,,,,"Springer, 1940", 44596,Sympterygia brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Sympterygia,brevicaudata,,,,,"(Cope, 1877)", 44599,Apristurus manis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,manis,,,,,"(Springer, 1979)", 44600,Anacanthobatis marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Anacanthobatis,marmorata,,,,,"(von Bonde & Swart, 1923)", 44601,Indobatis ori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Indobatis,ori,,,,,"(Wallace, 1967)",this species recently moved from Anacanthobatis to Indobatis (Weigmann et al. 2014). 44602,Apristurus saldanha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,saldanha,,,,,"(Barnard, 1925)", 44604,Bythaelurus clevai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,clevai,,,,,"(Séret, 1987)", 141744346,Bythaelurus lutarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,lutarius,,,,,"(Springer & D'Aubrey, 1972)",Specimens from off Somalia formerly identified as this species are in fact of the newly described Vivaldi's Catshark (Bythaelurus vivaldii) (Weigmann and Kaschner 2017). A specimen from off northern Tanzania formerly identified as this species is in fact of the newly described Narrowhead Catshark (Bythaelurus tenuicephalus) (Kaschner et al. 2015). 44606,Cephaloscyllium sufflans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,sufflans,,,,,"(Regan, 1921)", 44607,Dipturus campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,campbelli,,,,,"(Wallace, 1967)","Dipturus campbelli has previously been incorrectly synonymized with D. pullopunctata (Smith, 1964) by Hulley (1988), but this species is distinct (Compagno et al. 1989, Last et al. 2016)." 44608,Dipturus lanceorostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,lanceorostratus,,,,,"(Wallace, 1967)", 44609,Dipturus pullopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,pullopunctatus,,,,,"(Smith, 1964)", 44610,Dipturus stenorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,stenorhynchus,,,,,"(Wallace, 1967)", 44611,Eridacnis sinuans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PROSCYLLIIDAE,Eridacnis,sinuans,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)", 44612,Halaelurus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Halaelurus,lineatus,,,,,"Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1975", 44613,Halaelurus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Halaelurus,natalensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 44615,Neoraja stehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Neoraja,stehmanni,,,,,"(Hulley, 1972)", 44617,Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE,Pseudoginglymostoma,brevicaudatum,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 44618,Rajella caudaspinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,caudaspinosa,,,,,"(von Bonde & Swart, 1923)", 44619,Rajella leoparda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,leoparda,,,,,"(von Bonde & Swart, 1923)",Formerly known as Rajella leopardus but amended to R. leoparda in accordance with the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Weigmann et al. 2014). 44620,Rajella ravidula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,ravidula,,,,,"(Hulley, 1970)", 44621,Torpedo fuscomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,fuscomaculata,,,,,"Peters, 1855", 44639,Apristurus riveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,riveri,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944", 44643,Sympterygia lima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Sympterygia,lima,,,,,"(Poeppig, 1835)", 44646,Urobatis marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urobatis,marmoratus,,,,,"(Philippi, 1892)",The holotype and only known specimen of Urobatis marmoratus is missing and the species is unrecognizable from the drawing in the original description (which is from 1892). The species was not treated in Last et al. (2016) but is considered valid by Fricke (2020). Additional specimens are required to confirm its validity. 44647,Urotrygon chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,chilensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 44649,Galeus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,polli,,,,,"Cadenat, 1959", 44650,Rajella barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,barnardi,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 44651,Rajella dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,dissimilis,,,,,"(Hulley, 1970)", 44652,Amblyraja frerichsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,frerichsi,,,,,"(Krefft, 1968)","A species of Amblyraja has been taken around South Georgia Island which appears not to be A. georgiana, but may be either A. frerichsi or A. robertsi (Mike Endicott via M. Stehmann pers. comm. 2004). The occurrence of this species in the Falklands Islands (Malvinas) is uncertain. Since the inception of the longline fishery around the islands in 1994, this species has been captured in the Falklands as the primary skate by-catch, and recorded as A. cf. georgiana (J. Pompert unpubl. data 2020)." 44653,Aculeola nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Aculeola,nigra,,,,,"de Buen, 1959", 44654,Gurgesiella furvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Gurgesiella,furvescens,,,,,"de Buen, 1959", 44655,Rajella nigerrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,nigerrima,,,,,"(de Buen, 1960)", 44657,Apristurus microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,microps,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1922)",A careful examination of North Atlantic vs. southern African forms is needed. 60086,Spinilophus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Spinilophus,armatus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","When first redescribed, Urolophus armatus was considered to possibly represent a new genus (Séret and Last 2003). A new genus, Spinilophus, has since been erected for this species as it was unique among the Urolophus in having dorsal denticles and thorns with all other Urolophus devoid of squamation (Yearsley and Last 2016)." 60087,Urolophus aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,aurantiacus,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1841","Genetic differences have been detected between Taiwanese and Japanese specimens of Urolophus aurantiacus but there are no major morphological or meristic differences and further work is needed to determine if this is a consistent difference (Ebert et al. 2013, Last et al. 2016)." 60096,Urolophus kaianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROLOPHIDAE,Urolophus,kaianus,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 60107,Urobatis concentricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urobatis,concentricus,,,,,"Osburn & Nichols, 1916","Urobatis concentricus, U. halleri, and U. maculatus have sometimes been considered colour variants of a single species, but molecular studies have shown that these are distinct species (Last et al. 2016)." 60110,Urobatis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urobatis,maculatus,,,,,"Garman, 1913","Urobatis concentricus, U. halleri, and U. maculatus have sometimes been considered colour variants of a single species, but molecular studies have shown that these are distinct species (Last et al. 2016)." 60113,Gymnura zonura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,zonura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 60116,Gymnura natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,natalensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911)", 60117,Gymnura poecilura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,poecilura,,,,,"(Shaw, 1804)", 60118,Dipturus crosnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,crosnieri,,,,,"(Séret, 1989)", 169243577,Aetobatus flagellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,AETOBATIDAE,Aetobatus,flagellum,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","This species was previously considered to be conspecific with Aetobatus narutobiei, but the species have since been shown to differ genetically and morphologically (White and Moore 2013)." 60120,Aetomylaeus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Aetomylaeus,maculatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)",This species is considered distinct from Aetomylaeus milvus (Last et al. 2016). 60123,Myliobatis chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,chilensis,,,,,"Philippi, 1892",Myliobatis chilensis is easily differentiated from the sympatric M. peruvianus by colour and rostral fin form. 60125,Myliobatis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,longirostris,,,,,"Applegate & Fitch, 1964", 60126,Myliobatis peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,peruvianus,,,,,"Garman, 1913",Myliobatis peruanus was a misspelling of this species. This species is easily differentiated from the sympatric M. chilensis by colour and rostral fin form. 60127,Aetomylaeus bovinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Aetomylaeus,bovinus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)","White (2014) placed the genus Pteromylaeus Garman, 1913 into the synonymy of Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908. This species is often confused with Common Eagle Ray (Myliobatus aquila)." 60129,Rhinoptera javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,RHINOPTERIDAE,Rhinoptera,javanica,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1841", 60130,Rhinoptera steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,RHINOPTERIDAE,Rhinoptera,steindachneri,,,,,"Evermann & Jenkins, 1891", 60132,Torpedo andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,andersoni,,,,,"Bullis, 1962", 60141,Neoharriotta carri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Neoharriotta,carri,,,,,"Bullis & Carpenter, 1966", 60142,Neoharriotta pinnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Neoharriotta,pinnata,,,,,"(Schnakenbeck, 1931)", 60145,Rhinochimaera atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,RHINOCHIMAERIDAE,Rhinochimaera,atlantica,,,,,"Holt & Byrne, 1909","The distinction between R. atlantica and R. pacifica is problematic and based solely on the number of caudal tubercles, a highly variable and often overlapping characteristic (tends to be greater in R. atlantica). Resolution on the distinction of these two species will require examination of a larger series of specimens and potentially molecular data (Compagno et al. 1990)." 60147,Telatrygon acutirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Telatrygon,acutirostra,,,,,"(Nishida & Nakaya, 1988)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the family Dasyatidae, erecting the genus Telatrygon. Telatrygon acutirostra resembles other species of Telatrygon in disc shape and was previously confused with T. zugei but is distinguishable by a longer snout and tail, smaller eyes, and less well developed dorsal tail fold (Last et al. 2016a). Phylogenetic and whole genome analyses indicate that T. acutirostra does not cluster with other species of Telatrygon, hence its placement in the group is provisional pending more detailed anatomical studies (Last et al. 2016a). " 60155,Hemitrygon izuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,izuensis,,,,,"(Nishida & Nakaya, 1988)",The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis; it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 60157,Hypanus longus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,longus,,,,,"(Garman, 1880)","The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat, 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae." 60158,Hypanus sabinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,sabinus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1824)",The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis and was resurrected by Last et al. (2016) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 60163,Acroteriobatus annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,annulatus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, elevating the former subgenus Acroteriobatus to generic status. This species is commonly misidentified as A. blochii." 60164,Acroteriobatus blochii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,blochii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the genus Rhinobatos, elevating the former subgenus Acroteriobatus to generic status. This species is commonly misidentified as A. annulatus." 60167,Rhinobatos hynnicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,hynnicephalus,,,,,"Richardson, 1846", 60168,Pseudobatos leucorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,leucorhynchus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos." 60169,Rhinobatos nudidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,nudidorsalis,,,,,"Last, Compagno & Nakaya, 2004", 60178,Zapteryx xyster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,TRYGONORRHINIDAE,Zapteryx,xyster,,,,,"Jordan & Evermann, 1896", 60180,Rhynchobatus luebberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,luebberti,,,,,"Ehrenbaum, 1915", 60182,Rhynchobatus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,springeri,,,,,"Compagno & Last, 2010","Rhynchobatus springeri is part of the Indo-West Pacific Rhynchobatus djiddensis species-complex. The name R. djiddensis has previously been used widely, leading to poorly-defined taxonomy and distributions for members of the complex (in particular, R. australiae, R. djiddensis, and R. laevis). Further investigation into the taxonomy of 'whitespotted wedgefish' is required, and additional species are likely to be described in the future. 

Rhynchobatus yentinensis Wang, 1933 (described from China) might be applicable to this species or may be a synonym of R. laevis." 60183,Chimaera cubana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,cubana,,,,,"Howell Rivero, 1936", 60184,Chimaera jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,jordani,,,,,"Tanaka, 1905", 60186,Chimaera owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,owstoni,,,,,"Tanaka, 1905", 60188,Hydrolagus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,africanus,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1922)", 60190,Hydrolagus barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,barbouri,,,,,"(Garman, 1908)", 60193,Hydrolagus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"de Buen, 1959", 60194,Hydrolagus mitsukurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,mitsukurii,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1904)", 130420951,Chimaera ogilbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,ogilbyi,,,,,"Waite, 1898","Finucci et al. (2018) redescribed Chimaera ogilbyi, merging Hydrolagus lemures as a synonym." 60196,Hydrolagus purpurescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,purpurescens,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)","This species is part of a complex of giant black or purple-black species of Hydrolagus, which includes H. affinis and all 'trolli-like' species from Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, the southern Atlantic, and the California coast including the Davidson and San Juan Seamounts in the Eastern Pacific. The giant black Hydrolagus from the Atlantic is likely Hydrolagus affinis; however, the giant black or purple-black species of Hydrolagus from the Pacific may represent at least two separate species, one of which is H. purpurescens (Gilbert, 1905). Hydrolagus eidolon (Jordan & Hubbs, 1925) described from Sagami Bay, Japan, is here considered a synonym of H. purpurescens." 60205,Mustelus minicanis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,minicanis,,,,,"Heemstra, 1997", 60208,Centrophorus tessellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,tessellatus,,,,,"Garman, 1906","This species belongs to the long-snout group of Centrophorus which includes C. harrissoni, C. isodon, C. seychellorum, and C. westraliensis. The long-snout species group requires further taxonomic attention (White et al. 2017)." 60211,Heteroscymnoides marleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Heteroscymnoides,marleyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 60213,Somniosus microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Somniosus,microcephalus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Yano et al. (2004) confirm that sleeper sharks found in the South Atlantic Ocean and Southern Ocean are a separate species, Somniosus antarcticus Whitley, 1939." 124554059,Chiloscyllium plagiosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,plagiosum,,,,,"(Anonymous [Bennett], 1830)","Dingerkus and DeFino (1983) synonymized Chiloscyllium caerulopunctatum with C. plagiosum, an action tentatively (and reluctantly) followed by Compagno (2001). The species name is not addressed in Ebert et al. (2013), however, C. caerulopunctatum is considered to be distinct from C. plagiosum and thus a valid species (W. White pers. comm. cited in Weigmann 2016)." 60226,Pristiophorus schroederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pristiophorus,schroederi,,,,,"Springer & Bullis, 1960", 60229,Holohalaelurus melanostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Holohalaelurus,melanostigma,,,,,"(Norman, 1939)",Holohalaelurus melanostigma was synonymized with H. punctatus and H. regani until a revision of this genus identified this species as valid (Human 2006). 60232,Scyliorhinus meadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,meadi,,,,,"Springer, 1966", 60233,Scyliorhinus retifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,retifer,,,,,"(Garman, 1881)", 60234,Scyliorhinus cervigoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,cervigoni,,,,,"Maurin & Bonnet, 1970","The West African Catshark has been previously confused with the Nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris), which has a more northern distribution." 60235,Heterodontus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,mexicanus,,,,,"Taylor & Castro-Aguirre, 1972",Heterodontus mexicanus co-occurs with H. francisci in the Gulf of California and these species may be confused in the field. It may be confused with H. quoyi in the southern part of its range. 60237,Etmopterus bullisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,bullisi,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957", 60238,Etmopterus carteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,carteri,,,,,"Springer & Burgess, 1985", 60240,Etmopterus perryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,perryi,,,,,"Springer & Burgess, 1985", 60241,Etmopterus polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,polli,,,,,"Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer, 1953", 60242,Etmopterus princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,princeps,,,,,"Collett, 1904",In geographic regions other than North America sharks referred to as this species are Etmopterus baxteri or Etmopterus unicolor (Compagno and Niem 1998). 60243,Etmopterus robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,robinsi,,,,,"Schofield & Burgess, 1997", 60244,Etmopterus sentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,sentosus,,,,,"Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1976", 60245,Etmopterus virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,virens,,,,,"Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer, 1953", 60247,Mustelus palumbes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,palumbes,,,,,"Smith, 1957", 61399,Bathyraja aguja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,aguja,,,,,"(Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912)","The paratype of Bathyraja aguja designated by Kendall and Radcliffe (1912) was found to be distinct and was later described as Bathyraja peruana McEachran & Miyake, 1984." 61400,Bythaelurus canescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,canescens,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 61401,Diplobatis colombiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Diplobatis,colombiensis,,,,,"Fechhelm & McEachran, 1984", 61402,Diplobatis guamachensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Diplobatis,guamachensis,,,,,"Martín Salazar, 1957", 61403,Diplobatis ommata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Diplobatis,ommata,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1890)", 61406,Narcine brevilabiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,brevilabiata,,,,,"Bessednov, 1966", 63102,Bathyraja albomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,albomaculata,,,,,"(Norman, 1937)","Compagno (1999, 2005) reallocated this species from Bathyraja to the genus Rhinoraja but the validity of this move remains unconfirmed. Both are currently in use, but Rhinoraja is now accepted as Bathyraja (Last et al. 2016, Ebert 2016)." 63103,Hydrolagus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,pallidus,,,,,"Hardy & Stehmann, 1990","

While there has been some previous discussion over the validity of Hydrolagus pallidus, recent research confirms that H. pallidus is genetically distinct from H. affinis (Violi et al. 2018). Some genetic evidence suggests H. lusitanicus is synonymous with H. pallidus (Violi et al. 2018).

" 63104,Hydrolagus mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,mirabilis,,,,,"(Collett, 1904)", 63112,Bathyraja papilionifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,papilionifera,,,,,"Stehmann, 1985", 63113,Bathyraja griseocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,griseocauda,,,,,"(Norman, 1937)", 63114,Chimaera monstrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,monstrosa,,,,,"Linnaeus,1758", 63115,Bathyraja pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,pallida,,,,,"(Forster, 1967)","Some similarity in external morphology may occur with congeneric Richardson's ray Bathyraja richardsoni, with which the distribution and bathymetric ranges overlap." 63122,Amblyraja doellojuradoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,doellojuradoi,,,,,"(Pozzi, 1935)", 63123,Hydrolagus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,affinis,,,,,"(de Brito Capello, 1868)",Appearance is very similar to Hydrolagus pallidus; recent research confirms that H. affinis is genetically distinctive from H. pallidus (Violi et al. 2018). 63126,Malacoraja spinacidermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Malacoraja,spinacidermis,,,,,"(Barnard, 1923)", 63129,Mustelus whitneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,whitneyi,,,,,"Chirichigno F., 1973", 63130,Triakis maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Triakis,maculata,,,,,"Kner & Steindachner, 1867", 63131,Rhinobatos rhinobatos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,rhinobatos,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 63135,Urobatis tumbesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urobatis,tumbesensis,,,,,"(Chirichigno F. & McEachran, 1979)", 63136,Dipturus ecuadoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,ecuadoriensis,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)", 63140,Psammobatis scobina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Psammobatis,scobina,,,,,"(Philippi, 1857)", 63141,Oxynotus centrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,OXYNOTIDAE,Oxynotus,centrina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Oxynotus recorded as O. centrina from Angola, Namibia, and South Africa may not be that species but an undescribed one, differing from O. centrina in having a much shorter interdorsal space. If this is correct, the records of O. centrina from tropical West Africa need to be reexamined, but until the problem is resolved the southern and southwestern African Oxynotus is retained in O. centrina (Bass et al. 1976)." 63145,Bathyraja scaphiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,scaphiops,,,,,"(Norman, 1937)", 63148,Bathyraja peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,peruana,,,,,"McEachran & Miyake, 1984", 63149,Galeus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,atlanticus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)","

Previously this species was synonymized with Galeus melastomus, but it is now considered a valid species supported by both morphometric external field marks and genetic evidence (Muñoz-Chapuli and Perez-Ortega 1985, Rey et al. 2005, 2006, 2010; Castilho et al. 2007).

" 63154,Narcine leoparda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,leoparda,,,,,"Carvalho, 2001", 63155,Rostroraja cervigoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,cervigoni,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1964)", 63156,Urotrygon venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,venezuelae,,,,,"Schultz, 1949", 63158,Pseudobatos prahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,prahli,,,,,"(Acero P. & Franke, 1995)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos." 63159,Etmopterus litvinovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,litvinovi,,,,,"Parin & Kotlyar, 1990", 63160,Etmopterus pycnolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,pycnolepis,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1990", 63162,Rajella eisenhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,eisenhardti,,,,,"Long & McCosker, 1999", 63164,Hydrolagus mccoskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,mccoskeri,,,,,"Barnett, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006", 63166,Rhinobatos penggali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,penggali,,,,,"Last, White & Fahmi, 2006", 63167,Rhinobatos jimbaranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,jimbaranensis,,,,,"Last, White & Fahmi, 2006", 161317,Benthobatis marcida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Benthobatis,marcida,,,,,"Bean & Weed, 1909", 161320,Rhinobatos albomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,albomaculatus,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 161324,Hydrolagus alphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,alphus,,,,,"Quaranta, Didier, Long & Ebert, 2006", 161327,Etmopterus burgessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,burgessi,,,,,"Schaaf-da Silva & Ebert, 2006", 161328,Torpedo marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,marmorata,,,,,"Risso, 1810","This species is sometimes called the Spotted Electric Ray, which has resulted in confusion between this species and the Blackspotted Torpedo Ray (Torpedo foscomaculata) (Last et al. 2016)." 161330,Eridacnis barbouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PROSCYLLIIDAE,Eridacnis,barbouri,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944)", 161333,Galeus schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,schultzi,,,,,"Springer, 1979", 161335,Urotrygon rogersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,rogersi,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1895)", 161336,Scyliorhinus boa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,boa,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 161338,Beringraja cortezensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Beringraja,cortezensis,,,,,"(McEachran & Miyake, 1988)", 161341,Cruriraja durbanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,durbanensis,,,,,"(von Bonde & Swart, 1923)", 161343,Raja herwigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,herwigi,,,,,"Krefft, 1965", 161344,Rostroraja velezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,velezi,,,,,"(Chirichigno F., 1973)", 161345,Rajella bathyphila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,bathyphila,,,,,"(Holt & Byrne, 1908)", 161347,Neoraja africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Neoraja,africana,,,,,"(Stehmann & Séret, 1983)", 161348,Fenestraja sibogae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,sibogae,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161351,Cirrhoscyllium expolitum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Cirrhoscyllium,expolitum,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 161354,Dipturus tengu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,tengu,,,,,"(Jordan & Fowler, 1903)", 161355,Nasolamia velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Nasolamia,velox,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1898)", 161357,Myliobatis tobijei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,tobijei,,,,,"Bleeker, 1854", 161358,Sinobatis melanosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,melanosoma,,,,,"(Chan, 1965)", 161359,Fenestraja ishiyamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,ishiyamai,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)", 161361,Oxynotus paradoxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,OXYNOTIDAE,Oxynotus,paradoxus,,,,,"Frade, 1929", 161363,Scymnodon ichiharai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Scymnodon,ichiharai,,,,,"Yano & Tanaka, 1984",Moved from Zameus Jordan & Fowler 1903 into Scymnodon Barboza du Bocage & de Brito Capello 1864 by White et al. (2015). 161364,Galeus eastmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,eastmani,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1904)", 161366,Bathyraja spinicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,spinicauda,,,,,"(Jensen, 1914)","The quality of taxonomic identification of some skate species may be an issue particularly with historic data, however, Bathyraja spinicauda is a relatively easy species to identify." 161367,Apristurus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,japonicus,,,,,"Nakaya, 1975","Nakaya and Sato (1999) defined three species groups within Apristurus: the longicephalus-group (two species), brunneus-group (20 species), and spongiceps-group (10 species). Apristurus japonicus belongs to the brunneus-group, characterized by: a short, wide snout (prenarial length < 6% total length) and upper labial furrows obviously longer than the lower furrows." 161368,Hemitriakis complicofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Hemitriakis,complicofasciata,,,,,"Takahashi & Nakaya, 2004", 161371,Rajella bigelowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,bigelowi,,,,,"(Stehmann, 1978)", 161372,Bathyraja andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,andriashevi,,,,,"Dolganov, 1983", 161374,Cruriraja cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,cadenati,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962", 161377,Rajella lintea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,lintea,,,,,"(Fries, 1838)","There are only two possible specimens from Grand Banks, that have been taken to represent the Western Atlantic. These are likely to be confused with Rajella bathyphila in Canada as older specimens captured there tended to be named Rajella lintea (D. Kulka pers. comm. (20/06/2019)." 169237868,Sinobatis borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,borneensis,,,,,"(Chan, 1965)","Anacanthobatis donghaiensis and Anacanthobatis nanhaiensis are now considered junior synonyms of Sinobatis borneensis (Last et al. 2016a, Weigmann 2016)." 161384,Centrophorus atromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,atromarginatus,,,,,"Garman, 1913", 161388,Etmopterus spinax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,spinax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 161391,Bathyraja murrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,murrayi,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 161392,Amblyraja taaf,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,taaf,,,,,"(Meisner, 1987)", 161393,Dipturus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,gigas,,,,,"(Ishiyama, 1958)","This species is frequently confused with the Bigtail Skate (Dipturus macrocaudus), particularly at the juvenile stage (Ebert et al. 2013)." 161394,Urotrygon simulatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,simulatrix,,,,,"Miyake & McEachran, 1988", 161395,Triakis scyllium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Triakis,scyllium,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1839", 161396,Aetomylaeus asperrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Aetomylaeus,asperrimus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1898)","White (2014) placed the genus Pteromylaeus Garman, 1913 into synonymy with Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908." 161397,Torpedo torpedo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,torpedo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 161398,Galeus melastomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,melastomus,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1810", 161307554,Scyliorhinus canicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,canicula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This is the revised taxonomic concept for Scyliorhinus canicula, which now excludes Scyliorhinus duhamelii (Soares and de Carvalho 2019).
" 161400,Dipturus kwangtungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,kwangtungensis,,,,,"(Chu, 1960)",This species has been confused with the Polkadot Skate (Dipturus chinensis) in recent literature (Last et al. 2016a).
 161405,Rhinobatos holcorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,holcorhynchus,,,,,"Norman, 1922", 161406,Galeus sauteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,sauteri,,,,,"(Jordan & Richardson, 1909)", 161408,Glaucostegus halavi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,GLAUCOSTEGIDAE,Glaucostegus,halavi,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","Changes to the systematics of Rhinobatos elevated the subgenus Glaucostegus to full generic status and placed this genus into a family of its own: Glaucostegidae (Compagno 2005, Last et al. 2016a)." 161409,Rhinobatos irvinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,irvinei,,,,,"Norman, 1931", 161410,Squalus hemipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,hemipinnis,,,,,"White, Last & Yearsley, 2007",Morphologically similar to some members of the ‘megalops-cubensis group’ but distinguished from those species by the presence of a dark caudal bar. Differs from all other Squalus species in having an unusually low number of precaudal vertebrae (White et al. 2007). 161411,Torpedo mackayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,mackayana,,,,,"Metzelaar, 1919", 161415,Breviraja mouldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Breviraja,mouldi,,,,,"McEachran & Matheson, 1995",Often confused with Breviraja spinosa. 161416,Breviraja claramaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Breviraja,claramaculata,,,,,"McEachran & Matheson, 1985",This species has been confused with Breviraja spinosa in the past. 161417,Centrophorus seychellorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,seychellorum,,,,,"Baranes, 2003", 161418,Leucoraja erinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,erinacea,,,,,(Mitchill 1825),"Sympatric to the Winter Skate (Leucoraja ocellata), immature Little Skates are often confused with immature Winter Skates (especially females). However, the probability of misidentification decreases with skate size as they mature. Skates originally identified as little skate in the Gulf of St. Lawrence were later confirmed as winter skate." 161419,Leucoraja garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,garmani,,,,,"(Whitley, 1939)","The genus has changed from Raja to Leucoraja (McEachran and Dunn 1998). This assessment assumes a single species. However, populations north of Cape Hatteras have been considered as the subspecies L. garmani virginica while those between the Cape and the Dry Tortugas have been considered as L. g. garmani, but they may represent two distinct species (McEachran 1977, McEachran 2002)." 161421,Okamejei heemstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,heemstrai,,,,,"(McEachran & Fechhelm, 1982)", 161422,Breviraja nigriventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Breviraja,nigriventralis,,,,,"McEachran & Matheson, 1985", 161423,Narcine vermiculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,vermiculata,,,,,"Breder, 1928","A third nominal species of Narcine from the eastern Pacific, N. schmidti Hildebrand, 1948 is thought to be a junior synonym of N. vermiculata (Carvalho 1999)." 161424,Bathyraja matsubarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,matsubarai,,,,,"(Ishiyama, 1952)","Bathyraja matsubarai was first described by Ishiyama (1952), but there has been some level of uncertainty around relationships with other described species. Bathyraja caeluronigricans and B. notoroensis are recognized as junior synonyms of B. matsubarai (Ishihara 1990). Last et al. (2016) note that B. notoroensis is most likely a synonym of B. matsubarai, which was confirmed by Hajime Ishihara (pers. comm., 27/08/2019).

Bathyraja lindbergi Ishiyama & Ishihara, 1977 is also considered by some authors (Dolganov and Tuponogov 1999) as a junior synonym of B. matsubarai but that is not followed here and is considered a valid species (Last et al. 2016)." 161427,Dipturus bullisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,bullisi,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)", 161428,Electrolux addisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Electrolux,addisoni,,,,,"Compagno & Heemstra, 2007", 161429,Scyliorhinus comoroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,comoroensis,,,,,"Compagno, 1988", 161432,Somniosus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Somniosus,rostratus,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)", 161433,Squalus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,japonicus,,,,,"Ishikawa, 1908", 161308360,Scyliorhinus torazame,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,torazame,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1908)",Izu Catshark (Scyliorhinus tokubee) is now a junior synonym of Scyliorhinus torazame (Soares and de Carvalho 2019). 161437,Pentanchus profundicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Pentanchus,profundicolus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 161438,Squalus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,brevirostris,,,,,"Tanaka, 1917","Squalus brevirostris from the northwest Pacific has previously been considered a synonym of S. megalops. A revision of Indo-Pacific Squalus species and molecular data revealed that this species is clearly separable from the true S. megalops from Australia (Last et al. 2007, Weigmann 2016). Misidentifications of the Squalus species in the Northwest Pacific is an issue and may affect the quality of data available for this species." 161440,Pseudoraja fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Pseudoraja,fischeri,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954", 161441,Etmopterus villosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,villosus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 161444,Bathyraja tzinovskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,tzinovskii,,,,,"Dolganov, 1983",The description of this species (Dolganov 1983) was based on capture of single specimen caught off Japan. Only several additional specimens have been caught in the Sea of Okhotsk since then (Dudnik and Dolganov 1992) but only few additional taxonomic notes are available (Dolganov and Tuponogov 1999). 161446,Rostroraja ackleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,ackleyi,,,,,"(Garman, 1881)", 161448,Etmopterus splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,splendidus,,,,,"Yano, 1988", 161449,Scyliorhinus torrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,torrei,,,,,"Howell Rivero, 1936", 161450,Parmaturus lanatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,lanatus,,,,,"Séret & Last, 2007", 161451,Mustelus albipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,albipinnis,,,,,"Castro-Aguirre, Antuna-Mendiola, González-Acosta & de la Cruz-Agüero, 2005", 161453,Dasyatis pastinaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Dasyatis,pastinaca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

The abundance and geographic range of this species may have been previously overestimated because of confusion between two species (D. tortonesei and D. pastinaca). It is likely that a distinct Dasyatis species lives in the Mediterranean Sea, but with nomenclature issues that are under investigation (Serena 2005, Last et al. 2016).

" 161455,Cephalurus cephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Cephalurus,cephalus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 161457,Pseudobatos glaucostigmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,glaucostigmus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, transferring glaucostigma, horkelii, lentiginosus, leucorhynchus, percellens, planiceps, prahli, and productus to the new genus Pseudobatos." 161458,Scyliorhinus garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,garmani,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 161460,Galeus cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,cadenati,,,,,"Springer, 1966","This is a member of the Galeus arae complex of the Western Atlantic. The taxonomy of this complex was revised with former subspecies now listed as full species (Konstantinou and Cozzi 1998, Konstantinou et al. 2000)." 161462,Bathyraja diplotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,diplotaenia,,,,,"(Ishiyama, 1952)", 161465,Pastinachus solocirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pastinachus,solocirostris,,,,,"Last, Manjaji & Yearsley, 2005", 161473,Galeus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,longirostris,,,,,"Tachikawa & Taniuchi, 1987", 161477,Malacoraja senta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Malacoraja,senta,,,,,"(Garman, 1885)", 161478,Rhinobatos annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,annandalei,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 161479,Galeus arae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,arae,,,,,"(Nichols, 1927)","This is a member of the Galeus arae complex of the Western Atlantic. The taxonomy of this complex was revised with former subspecies now listed as full species (Konstantinou and Cozzi 1998, Konstantinou et al. 2000)." 161483,Hongeo koreana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Hongeo,koreana,,,,,"(Jeong & Nakabo, 1997)", 161484,Scyliorhinus stellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,stellaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species is possibly sometimes confused with the smaller Smallspotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). 161485,Mustelus punctulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,punctulatus,,,,,"Risso, 1827",The distribution of the two other Mustelus species (M. asterias and M. mustelus) overlap with this species and misidentification is probably common. 161487,Okamejei meerdervoortii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,meerdervoortii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 161490,Amblyraja georgiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,georgiana,,,,,"(Norman, 1938)","A species of Amblyraja, previously identified as A. cf. georgiana, occurs around the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and appears to be most closely related to A. frerichsi. It does however, differ from A. frerichsi in a number of characteristics and may be identical to an undescribed Amblyraja from South Georgia (as specified in Endicott et al. 2002) (J. Pompert pers. comm. 2019). Amblyraja georgiana from the Ross Sea appears to have low-level genetic differentiation from South Atlantic A. georgiana, and further work is required to determine whether the Ross Sea A. georgiana is distinct (M. Francis pers. comm. 2019). Taxonomic resolution of this issue is ongoing. Endicott et al. (2002) found A. georgiana to have a restricted depth range around South Georgia, with an unknown rajid species comprising the rest of the deep water captures. Although A. georgiana is reported to have been regularly caught around Antarctica in deep water, findings by Endicott et al. (2002) suggest that complications and difficulties in identification of Antarctic rajids may lead to misidentification." 161491,Amblyraja jenseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,jenseni,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)","In the northwest Atlantic, this species is easily confused with Arctic skate (Amblyraja hyperborea)  (Bigelow and Shroeder 1953). There is clear geographic separation of both species and tooth count distributions are almost completely separated, but all other meristics are not significantly different (D.W. Kulka unpubl. data 2019). Further, Jensen's Skate is genetically indistinguishable from Arctic Skate (Amblyraja hyperborea) using COI barcoding. In-turn the sequence divergence between both these species and Badia’s Skate (A. badia) is minimal (0.2 to 0.3%). This could result from (1) hybridization, (2) they are all the same species, or (3) “recent divergence and insufficient time for reciprocal monophyly to have occurred” and distinguishing among these hypotheses would require evaluation with other molecular markers (Coulson et al. 2011).

" 161492,Leucoraja wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,wallacei,,,,,"(Hulley, 1970)", 161493,Orbiraja philipi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Orbiraja,philipi,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1906)",This species has been relocated from the genus Okamejei to Orbiraja (Last et al. 2016). The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. Orbiraja philipi has been considered a possible synonym of Orbiraja powelli Alcock 1898 by Séret (1989) and further specimens are needed to determine its validity (Last et al. 2016).

161494,Springeria longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Springeria,longirostris,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)", 161497,Parmaturus melanobranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,melanobranchus,,,,,"(Chan, 1966)", 161498,Galeus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,springeri,,,,,"Konstantinou & Cozzi, 1998","This is a member of the Galeus arae complex of the western Atlantic. The taxonomy of this complex was recently revised with former subspecies now listed as full species (Konstantinou and Cozzi 1998, Konstantinou et al. 2000), which is generally accepted. This species was previously known as Galeus arae antillensis (in part).

This species is morphologically varied and sometimes difficult to distinguish from other members of the G. arae complex. It is however, separated from its congeners by the combination of the presence of a ventral precaudal crest of enlarged denticles, colour pattern and vertebral counts (Konstantinou and Cozzi 1998). It occurs sympatrically with G. antillensis." 161502,Fenestraja maceachrani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,maceachrani,,,,,"(Séret, 1989)", 161504,Bathyraja tunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,tunae,,,,,"Stehmann, 2005", 161507,Hemitriakis japanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Hemitriakis,japanica,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 161508,Centroscyllium ritteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Centroscyllium,ritteri,,,,,"Jordan & Fowler, 1903", 161512,Rajella fuliginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,fuliginea,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954)", 161513,Taeniurops grabatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Taeniurops,grabatus,,,,,"(Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)", 161515,Poroderma pantherinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Poroderma,pantherinum,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1838)","Poroderma marleyi was previously considered separate from P. pantherinum, however, it has been shown that P. marleyi represents an extreme colour pattern of P. pantherinum (Human 2006)." 161516,Gymnura tentaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,tentaculata,,,,,"(Valenciennes in Müller & Henle, 1841)","Gymnura tentaculata identified from Papua New Guinea (Kailola 1987) are a misidentification of G. australis, as G. tentaculata appears to be restricted to the Northern Indian Ocean." 161519,Zanobatus schoenleinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,ZANOBATIDAE,Zanobatus,schoenleinii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Previously included a junior synonym, the Maculate Panray (Zanobatus maculatus), which is now a separate species (Last et al. 2016)." 161520,Fontitrygon margaritella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fontitrygon,margaritella,,,,,"(Compagno & Roberts, 1984)","Last et al. (2016a) placed Dasyatis colarensis, D. garouaensis, D. geijskesi, D. margarita, D. margaritella, and Urogymnus ukpan within their newly described genus Fontitrygon. Records of Dasyatis (=Fontitrygon) margaritella have included misidentified specimens of the larger sympatric species, F. margarita." 161521,Centroscyllium fabricii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Centroscyllium,fabricii,,,,,(Reinhardt 1825),A comparison of Southeastern to North Atlantic specimens should be carried out to determine if both populations are the same species. 161522,Neoraja carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Neoraja,carolinensis,,,,,"McEachran & Stehmann, 1984", 161523,Narcine lingula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,lingula,,,,,"Richardson, 1846",This species is very similar to Narcine maculata but can be distinguished by dorsal coloration and the nostril and mouth proportions (Last et al. 2016) 161527,Breviraja colesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Breviraja,colesi,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948",Often confused with Breviraja claramaculata. 161528,Rostroraja bahamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,bahamensis,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1965)", 161529,Bathyraja maccaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,maccaini,,,,,"Springer, 1971", 161531,Holohalaelurus grennian,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Holohalaelurus,grennian,,,,,"Human, 2006","Holohalaelurus grennian was originally included within H. melanostigma (Norman, 1939), was then synonymized with H. punctatus (Bass et al. 1975), and in recent years was included in the East African Holohalaelurus species-complex (Compagno 1988). However, H. grennian is clearly distinct from all other Holohalaelurus taxa (Human 2006)." 161532,Okamejei hollandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,hollandi,,,,,"(Jordan & Richardson, 1909)", 161534,Rhinoraja kujiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Rhinoraja,kujiensis,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1916)", 161537,Okamejei mengae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,mengae,,,,,"Jeong, Nakabo & Wu, 2007", 161540,Maculabatis pastinacoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,pastinacoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Maculabatis, comprised of nine medium to large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including pastinacoides)." 161541,Urotrygon reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,reticulata,,,,,"Miyake & McEachran, 1988", 161542,Amblyraja radiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Amblyraja,radiata,,,,,"(Donovan, 1808)",McEachran and Dunne (1998) moved this species from genus Raja to Amblyraja. 161543,Paragaleus tengi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Paragaleus,tengi,,,,,"(Chen, 1963)", 161544,Schroederichthys maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Schroederichthys,maculatus,,,,,"Springer, 1966", 161546,Urogymnus lobistoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Urogymnus,lobistoma,,,,,"(Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006)","Formerly a monotypic genus (containing only Urogymnus asperrimus), Last et al. (2016) moved five more medium to large species to Urogymmus, including lobistomus. This species is probably misidentified as Himantura (=Pateobatis) uarnacoides and Himantura (=Pateobatis) hortlei (M. Manjaji pers. obs. 2007)." 161548,Orbiraja powelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Orbiraja,powelli,,,,,"(Alcock, 1898)",Last et al. (2016a) assigned this species to the recently described genus Orbiraja. 161554,Narcine insolita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,insolita,,,,,"Carvalho, Séret & Compagno, 2002", 161555,Acroteriobatus leucospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,leucospilus,,,,,"(Norman, 1926)","Last et al. (2016) revised the genus Rhinobatos, elevating the former subgenus Acroteriobatus to generic status." 161556,Dactylobatus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dactylobatus,armatus,,,,,"Bean & Weed, 1909", 161557,Chiloscyllium hasselti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,hasselti,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 161560,Narcine maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,maculata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1804)",Sympatric with the Chinese Numbfish (Narcine lingula) and distinguished by the oronasal region morphology (Last et al. 2016). 161561,Bathyraja smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,smithii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)", 161562,Torpedo bauchotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,bauchotae,,,,,"Cadenat, Capapé & Desoutter, 1978", 161563,Orectolobus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,japonicus,,,,,"Regan, 1906", 161565,Dipturus garricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,garricki,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)", 161567,Galeus nipponensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,nipponensis,,,,,"Nakaya, 1975", 161569,Myliobatis aquila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,aquila,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","It is unclear whether this, or a similar, species occurs along the east and west African coasts and Mediterranean Sea. A systematic review of this species is needed in these areas. This species is sometimes confused with Duckbill Eagle Ray (Aetomylaeus bovinus)." 169760690,Lamiopsis temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Lamiopsis,temminckii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)","The taxonomy of Lamiopsis has recently been resolved with White et al. (2010) resurrecting and redescribing Lamiopsis tephrodes from Southeast Asia, and Akhilesh et al. (2016) redescribing Lamiopsis temminckii from the Arabian Sea. This species is potentially endemic to the Arabian Sea, however, further taxonomic work is required in the Bay of Bengal to determine if this species occurs there or if recorded specimens refer to L. tephrodes." 161571,Mustelus widodoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,widodoi,,,,,"White & Last, 2006", 161574,Holohalaelurus regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Holohalaelurus,regani,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1922)","Historically there has been confusion between Holohalaelurus regani and other members of the genus. Holohalaelurus favus was previously considered to be a subspecies of H. regani, however, it is distinct from H. regani (Human 2006)." 161575,Rhinoraja longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Rhinoraja,longicauda,,,,,"Ishiyama, 1952", 161576,Hemitrygon sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,sinensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1892)",The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis; it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 161578,Centroscyllium ornatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Centroscyllium,ornatum,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)", 161581,Parmaturus pilosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,pilosus,,,,,"Garman, 1906", 161583,Scymnodalatias garricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Scymnodalatias,garricki,,,,,"Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988", 161584,Fenestraja atripinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,atripinna,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)", 161585,Etmopterus decacuspidatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,decacuspidatus,,,,,"Chan, 1966", 161586,Raja straeleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,straeleni,,,,,"Poll, 1951", 169236406,Platyrhina sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,PLATYRHINIDAE,Platyrhina,sinensis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Iwatsuki et al. (2011) revised the genus Platyrhina, describing two new species as distinct from Platyrhina sinensis." 161591,Cephaloscyllium silasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,silasi,,,,,"(Talwar, 1974)", 161592,Fenestraja mamillidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,mamillidens,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)", 161598,Pateobatis hortlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pateobatis,hortlei,,,,,"(Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Kailola, 2006)","Last et al. (2016a) described the genus Pateobatis, consisting of five medium-size to very large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including hortlei)." 124569516,Raja miraletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,miraletus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Raja miraletus was considered wide-ranging in the Eastern Atlantic, but this is a species-complex with R. miraletus occurring in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean, R. parva occurring off West Africa, and R. ocellifera off South Africa (Last and Séret 2016)." 161601,Dipturus doutrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,doutrei,,,,,"(Cadenat, 1960)","Some published records of this species may be a result of misidentification of the Roughbelly Skate (Dipturus springeri), which is similar in appearance." 161604,Leucoraja yucatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,yucatanensis,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)", 161605,Notoraja tobitukai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,tobitukai,,,,,"(Hiyama, 1940)", 161606,Cirrhoscyllium japonicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Cirrhoscyllium,japonicum,,,,,"Kamohara, 1943", 161607,Narke dipterygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Narke,dipterygia,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 161608,Tetronarce formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,formosa,,,,,"(Haas & Ebert, 2006)",No taxonomic notes.
 161612,Bathyraja smirnovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,smirnovi,,,,,"(Soldatov & Pavlenko, 1915)","Several published works have suggested that Bathyraja smirnovi may be a synonym of B. parmifera. However, B. smirnovi is widely recognised as a valid species (see Dyldin and Orlov 2018)." 161614,Narke capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Narke,capensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 161616,Chiloscyllium burmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,burmensis,,,,,"Dingerkus & DeFino, 1983", 161618,Hemitrygon laevigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,laevigata,,,,,"(Chu, 1960)",The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis; it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 161619,Bathyraja meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,meridionalis,,,,,"Stehmann, 1987", 161620,Hypanus rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,rudis,,,,,"(Günther, 1870)","The genus Hypanus formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis (Kottelat, 2013); it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae." 161621,Himantura undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Himantura,undulata,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",

This species is similar to  the Leopard Whipray (H. leoparda) (Last et al. 2016). The Honeycomb Whipray juveniles of 50 cm disc width (DW) have a well-developed main denticle band with inconspicuous primary denticles while the adults have a strong pattern of large ocelli and reticulations.

161623,Bathyraja fedorovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,fedorovi,,,,,"Dolganov, 1983", 161624,Benthobatis yangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Benthobatis,yangi,,,,,"Carvalho, Compagno & Ebert, 2003", 161630,Gymnura japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,japonica,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 161631,Leucoraja ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,ocellata,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)","Sympatric to the Little Skate, immature specimens of the two species are often confused, especially females. However, chance of misidentification decreases as they mature. Disk is rounded, with many small dark spots on upper surface. Usually 1-4 ocelli are found on the upper surface on each side of disk, each with a dark brownish center and pale edge. Young have long middorsal row of large spines on disk and tail. Upper jaw has 72 rows of teeth. Lower surface is usually white but marked with irregular pale brownish blotches (although this colouration is found in several other species within range)." 161633,Mustelus manazo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,manazo,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 161634,Pristiophorus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pristiophorus,japonicus,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 161636,Okamejei acutispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,acutispina,,,,,"(Ishiyama, 1958)", 161639,Paragaleus leucolomatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Paragaleus,leucolomatus,,,,,"Compagno & Smale, 1985", 161641,Bathyraja hesperafricana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,hesperafricana,,,,,"Stehmann, 1995", 161642,Fenestraja plutonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,plutonia,,,,,"(Garman, 1881)", 161643,Dasyatis chrysonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Dasyatis,chrysonota,,,,,"(Smith, 1828)","This species has been previously confused with the Marbled Stingray Dasyatis marmorata and the Common Stingray D. pastinaca, neither of which overlap with the range of the Blue Stingray (Last et al. 2016)." 161644,Halaelurus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Halaelurus,maculosus,,,,,"White, Last & Stevens, 2007",Previously considered to be conspecific with the Speckled Catshark (H. boesemani) but taxonomy has been resolved. Confusion with the Blackspotted Catshark (H. buergeri) possible and referred to in White et al. (2006) as the Indonesian Spotted Catshark (H. cf. buergeri). 161645,Okamejei kenojei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,kenojei,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Okamejei kenojei has various morphotypes, which previously lead to some taxonomic confusion. Ishihara (1987, 1990) synonymised Raja atriventralis, R. fusca, R. japonica, R. katsukii, R. kenojei, R. porosa, and R. tobae with (Ishihara et al. 2002)." 161646,Narcine rierai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,rierai,,,,,"(Lloris & Rucabado, 1991)", 161650,Haploblepharus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Haploblepharus,pictus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1838)", 161652,Holohalaelurus favus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Holohalaelurus,favus,,,,,"Human, 2006",Previously this species was referred to as a subpopulation of Holohalaelurus regani (occurring off KwaZulu-Natal and southern Mozambique). A revision of the genus Holohalaelurus has shown that this species is in fact distinct from H. regani (Human 2006). Specimens of H. favus were first referred to and illustrated by Bass et al. (1975). 161656,Fenestraja sinusmexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,sinusmexicanus,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)", 161658,Rostroraja eglanteria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,eglanteria,,,,,"(Bosc, 1800)", 161659,Bathyraja irrasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,irrasa,,,,,"Hureau & Ozouf-Costaz, 1980", 161662,Rhizoprionodon longurio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Rhizoprionodon,longurio,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 161667,Haploblepharus kistnasamyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Haploblepharus,kistnasamyi,,,,,"Human & Compagno, 2006","Previously considered a ""Natal"" form of Haploblepharus edwardsii (Schinz, 1822) by Bass et al. (1975) and subsequent authors, H. kistnasamyi has a colour pattern that superficially resembles, although is distinct from, that of H. edwardsii, and also differs in morphological features (Human and Compagno 2006). DNA Barcoding confirms that H. kistnasamyi is distinct from H. edwardsii and other Haploblepharus species (K. Geldhill, unpubl. data, 2018)." 161668,Squalus lalannei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,lalannei,,,,,"Baranes, 2003", 161669,Beringraja pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Beringraja,pulchra,,,,,"(Liu, 1932)","Ishihara et al. (2012) established the new genus Beringraja for the two species B. binoculata  (previously Raja binoculata Girard, 1855) and B. pulchra (previously Raja pulchra Liu 1932)." 161670,Sinobatis stenosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,stenosoma,,,,,"(Li & Hu, 1982)","Tentatively placed in the genus Sinobatis Hulley 1973 by White and Last (2013). According to White and Last (2013), this species should be considered as questionably valid pending a thorough review of the western North Pacific anacanthobatids." 161672,Apristurus sibogae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,sibogae,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161675,Holohalaelurus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Holohalaelurus,punctatus,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1914)",The revision of the genus Holohalaelurus showed that H. polystigma is a junior synonym of H. punctatus (Human 2006). 161676,Tetronarce tokionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,tokionis,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1908)","This species was previously provisionally considered to occur in Australia but now the Australian and other Indo-Pacific long-tailed torpedo rays are considered to be variants of other species (Last and Stevens 2009, Last et al. 2016). Around Taiwan, this species has been confused with Tetronarce formosa (Ebert et al. 2013)." 161677,Rhinobatos lionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,lionotus,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 161678,Cruriraja parcomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,parcomaculata,,,,,"(von Bonde & Swart, 1923)","The Triangular Legskate (Cruriraja parcomaculata) was described by von Bonde and Swart (1923) from off KwaZulu-Natal. Smith (1964) later described a small legskate from off Durban as C. triangularis. However, examination of the type specimens of both C. parcomaculata and C. triangularis confirmed that both species were one in the same. A common legskate from off the south and west coasts of South Africa and Namibia commonly referred to as C. parcomaculata was determined not to be that species, but an undescribed legskate. Aschliman et al. (2010) after a reviewing these species described a new species C. hulleyi while synonymizing C. triangularis as a junior synonym of C. parcomaculata. Therefore, information on the life history and distribution of C. triangularis prior to 2010 should now be referred to as C. parcomaculata, and life history and distribution previously referred to for west coast C. parcomaculata is referable to as C. hulleyi. See Aschliman et al. (2010) for further explanation of this issue." 161679,Cirrhoscyllium formosanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,PARASCYLLIIDAE,Cirrhoscyllium,formosanum,,,,,"Teng, 1959", 161680,Halaelurus buergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Halaelurus,buergeri,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1838)",No taxonomic notes. 161685,Leucoraja leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,leucosticta,,,,,"(Stehmann, 1971)", 161689,Urotrygon aspidura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,aspidura,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 201098826,Himantura uarnak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Himantura,uarnak,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Himantura uarnak was recently split from other Himantura species (Last et al. 2016a). The new distribution no longer includes Australia and Papua New Guinea (Last et al. 2016b). There is some continued taxonomic uncertainty with the Himantura genus and this assessment should be updated if the current distribution changes. 161693,Fenestraja cubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Fenestraja,cubensis,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)", 161694,Rostroraja equatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,equatorialis,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 161697,Acroteriobatus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Acroteriobatus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Norman, 1926)","Last et al. (2016a) revised the genus Rhinobatos, elevating the former subgenus Acroteriobatus to generic status." 161698,Makararaja chindwinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Makararaja,chindwinensis,,,,,"Roberts, 2007", 161701,Bathyraja trachouros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,trachouros,,,,,"(Ishiyama, 1958)","Dolganov and Tuponogov (1999) suggest that B. trachouros may be synonymous with B. violacea (Ishihara pers. obs.), however, B. trachouros is treated as a valid species here (clasper structure is distinct) and was recognized as valid by Compagno (2005)." 161704,Leucoraja compagnoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,compagnoi,,,,,"(Stehmann, 1995)", 161707,Paragaleus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Paragaleus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Garman, 1906)", 161708,Breviraja spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Breviraja,spinosa,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950",Often confused with Breviraja claramaculata. 161710,Cruriraja andamanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,andamanica,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1909)",The specimen from off Tanzania identified as Cruriraja andamanica by McEachran and Fechhelm (1982) was found to be well-separated (i.e. the ordination of principle components with respect to its morphometric vectors fell outside the 90% confidence ellipse area) from the holotype and other specimens (Vinu et al. 2017). These authors conclude that this Tanzanian specimen is questionable and should be thoroughly re-evaluated to determine whether it might represent a separate species that has yet to be described. 161711,Cruriraja poeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,poeyi,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948", 161712,Cruriraja atlantis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,GURGESIELLIDAE,Cruriraja,atlantis,,,,,"Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948", 161714,Heterodontus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,japonicus,,,,,"Miklouho-Maclay & Macleay, 1884", 161715,Mustelus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,griseus,,,,,"Pietschmann, 1908", 161716,Narcine entemedor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,entemedor,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1895", 161719,Fluvitrygon kittipongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Fluvitrygon,kittipongi,,,,,"(Vidthayanon & Roberts, 2005)","Himantura kittipongi, H. oxyrhynchus, and H. signifer were placed within the newly described genus Fluvitrygon (Last et al. 2016a). This species is most similar to H. signifer, from which it differs in having thorny denticles on the tail and no pale edge to the disc (Last et al. 2016b).
" 161721,Rajella annandalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,annandalei,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161722,Bathyraja bergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,bergi,,,,,"Dolganov, 1983", 169232956,Cephaloscyllium umbratile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,umbratile,,,,,"Jordan & Fowler, 1903","

Cephaloscyllium umbratile was recognized as a distinct species by Nakaya (1975). Later, Springer (1979) treated C. umbratile as a junior synonym of C. isabellum. However, recent workers such as Compagno et al. (2005) and Schaaf-da Silva & Ebert (2008) treat C. umbratile as a distinct species and Nakaya et al. (2013) also recognized it as a valid species. The sympatric C. formosanum was considered a junior synonym of C. umbratile by Schaaf-da Silva & Ebert (2008) but resurrected as a valid species by Nakaya et al. (2013).

" 161725,Okamejei schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,schmidti,,,,,"(Ishiyama, 1958)",This species has previously been confused with Okamejei kenojei (Ishihara et al. 2009). 161730,Urotrygon munda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,munda,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 161732,Galeus antillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,antillensis,,,,,"Springer, 1979","This is a member of the Galeus arae complex of the Western Atlantic. The taxonomy of this complex was revised with former subspecies now listed as full species (Konstantinou and Cozzi 1998, Konstantinou et al. 2000). This species was previously known as Galeus arae antillensis (in part) and was noted as the island form of Galeus arae (Springer 1979)." 161733,Proscyllium habereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PROSCYLLIIDAE,Proscyllium,habereri,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1904", 161735,Okamejei boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,boesemani,,,,,"(Ishihara, 1987)", 161736,Atelomycterus baliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Atelomycterus,baliensis,,,,,"White, Last & Dharmadi, 2005",This species may get confused with Atelomycterus marmoratus which is more widespread in the region and co-occurs off the island of Bali (White et al. 2005). 161738,Dipturus macrocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,macrocauda,,,,,"(Ishiyama, 1955)","This species is frequently confused with the Giant Skate (Dipturus gigas), particularly at the juvenile stage (Ebert et al. 2013)." 161739,Bathyraja eatonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,eatonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)","Genetic studies show that B. eatonii in the southern Atlantic is distinct from populations in the Ross Sea (Pacific) and Indian Ocean (Smith and McVeagh 2004, M. Francis pers. comm. 2007). Therefore this Red List assessment is restricted to B. eatonii in the Atlantic Ocean, and data from other areas excluded, as these are considered to refer to, as yet, unidentified but similar species. Hulley’s (1988) suggestion that B. eatonii may be synonymous with B. smithii, (found off South Africa) is probably not correct (Stehmann and Bürkel 1990)." 161740,Centroscyllium excelsum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Centroscyllium,excelsum,,,,,"Shirai & Nakaya, 1990", 161741,Hemitrygon navarrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,navarrae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1892)",The genus Hemitrygon formerly was a junior synonym of Dasyatis; it was resurrected by Last et al. (2016a) in their revision of the family Dasyatidae. 161742,Rhinoraja odai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Rhinoraja,odai,,,,,"Ishiyama, 1958", 161745,Temera hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Temera,hardwickii,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 124488765,Squalus acutipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,acutipinnis,,,,,"Regan, 1908",Squalus acutipinnis is a recently resurrected member of the megalops-cubensis group of Squalus species (Viana and Carvalho 2016). It was previously referred to locally as Squalus megalops. 161746,Heteronarce garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Heteronarce,garmani,,,,,"Regan, 1921", 161747,Urotrygon nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,nana,,,,,"Miyake & McEachran, 1988", 161748,Dasyatis marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Dasyatis,marmorata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1892)","

Dasyatis marmorata is a species occurring off western Africa. This species has often been confused with Dasyatis chrysonota, which is a South African species. However, molecular data supports the non-conspecificity of these two species (Last et al. 2016a).

" 195428,Chimaera bahamaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,bahamaensis,,,,,"Kemper, Ebert, Didier & Compagno, 2010", 195431,Chimaera notafricana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,notafricana,,,,,"Kemper, Ebert, Compagno & Didier, 2010", 195432,Chimaera obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,obscura,,,,,"Didier, Last & White, 2008", 124356938,Squalus bassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,bassi,,,,,"Viana, Carvalho & Ebert, 2017",Squalus bassi has previously been referred to locally as Squalus mitsukurii (Viana et al. 2017). 195435,Hydrolagus melanophasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,melanophasma,,,,,"James, Ebert, Long & Didier, 2009", 195454,Dipturus wuhanlingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,wuhanlingi,,,,,"Jeong & Nakabo, 2008","Dipturus wuhanlingi was described in 2008 (Jeong and Nakabo 2008). Among the Dipturus species distributed in the western North Pacific (i.e., Dipturus gigas, D. kwangtungensis, D. macrocauda, D. tengu, and D. wuhanlingi) this species has the unique character of a continuous row of mid-dorsal thorns from nape to the tail distinguishing it from other regional Dipturus spp. The validity of this species is not doubtful." 124357052,Squalus mahia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,mahia,,,,,"Viana, Lisher & de Carvalho, 2017",Squalus mahia is a recently described Squalus of the megalops-cubensis group (Viana et al. 2018). 124357112,Squalus margaretsmithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,margaretsmithae,,,,,"Viana, Lisher & de Carvalho, 2017",Squalus margaretsmithae is a recently described Squalus of the megalops-cubensis group (Viana et al. 2018). 14134429,Gymnura marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,marmorata,,,,,"(Cooper, 1864)","There has been a great deal of historic uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of Eastern Pacific gymnurids, with some authors considering Gymnura crebripunctata to be a junior synonym of G. marmorata. However, Smith et al. (2009) confirmed the validity of G. crebripunctata as a distinct species using both morphometric and molecular techniques.
 
In previous IUCN Red List publications Gymnura marmorata included G. crebripunctata as a synonym. Therefore assessments of G. marmorata from 2012 onwards are not directly comparable with previous assessments under that name." 14134431,Gymnura crebripunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,crebripunctata,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","There has been a great deal of historic uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of Eastern Pacific gymnurids, with some authors considering Gymnura crebripunctata to be a junior synonym of G. marmorata. However, Smith et al. (2009) confirmed the validity of G. crebripunctata as a distinct species using both morphometric and molecular techniques." 18901743,Chimaera opalescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,opalescens,,,,,"Luchetti, Iglesias & Sellos, 2011", 124357224,Etmopterus alphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,alphus,,,,,"Ebert, Straube, Leslie & Weigmann, 2016", 70682232,Pastinachus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pastinachus,ater,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)","Recently, molecular data confirmed that the single, widespread Indo–Pacific species, Pastinachus sephen consists of two species, the widespread P. ater and a more restricted P. sephen (Last et al. 2016a)." 91209505,Squalus acanthias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,acanthias,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","While there are reported subpopulations of Squalus acanthias (Linnaeus, 1758) elsewhere in the world, the North Pacific subpopulation is now considered a separate species, Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1854) (see Ebert et al. 2010). Further taxonomic studies on this genus are required, including in relation to Mediterranean and Black Sea subpopulations. In Europe, three subpopulations are inferred to occur." 124357844,Etmopterus compagnoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,compagnoi,,,,,"Fricke & Koch, 1990", 124357891,Etmopterus sculptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,sculptus,,,,,"Ebert, Compagno & De Vries, 2011", 124396026,Bythaelurus bachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,bachi,,,,,"Weigmann, Ebert, Clerkin, Stehmann & Naylor, 2016", 124396124,Bythaelurus naylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,naylori,,,,,"Ebert & Clerkin, 2015", 124396530,Rhinobatos austini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,austini,,,,,"Ebert & Gon, 2017", 124396693,Raja ocellifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,ocellifera,,,,,"Regan, 1906","Raja miraletus was considered wide-ranging in the Eastern Atlantic, but is a species-complex with R. miraletus occurring in the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, R. parva occurring off West Africa, and R. ocellifera off South Africa (Last and Séret 2016)." 124397220,Rajella paucispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rajella,paucispinosa,,,,,"Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2014", 124398187,Chimaera buccanigella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,buccanigella,,,,,"Clerkin, Ebert & Kemper, 2017", 124398222,Chimaera didierae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,didierae,,,,,"Clerkin, Ebert & Kemper, 2017", 124398312,Chimaera willwatchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,willwatchi,,,,,"Clerkin, Ebert, & Kemper, 2017", 124398342,Hydrolagus erithacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Hydrolagus,erithacus,,,,,"Walovich, Ebert, & Kemper, 2017", 124552788,Chiloscyllium caeruleopunctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Chiloscyllium,caeruleopunctatum,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1914","Dingerkus and DeFino (1983) synonymized Chiloscyllium caerulopunctatum with C. plagiosum, an action tentatively (and reluctantly) followed by Compagno (2001). The species name is not addressed in Ebert et al. (2013), however, C. caerulopunctatum is considered to be distinct from C. plagiosum and thus a valid species (W. White pers. comm. cited in Weigmann 2016)." 118354732,Silhouettea insinuans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,insinuans,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 11130,Lachnolaimus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRIDAE,Lachnolaimus,maximus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 176236,Cynisca bifrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,bifrontalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)", 119449753,Walckenaeria grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,LINYPHIIDAE,Walckenaeria,grandis,,,,,"(Wunderlich, 1992)", 119450611,Pseudoblothrus oromii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,SYARINIDAE,Pseudoblothrus,oromii,,,,,"Mahnert, 1990", 119451417,Pseudoblothrus vulcanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,SYARINIDAE,Pseudoblothrus,vulcanus,,,,,"Mahnert, 1990", 119452015,Pseudosinella ashmoleorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,ENTOMOBRYOMORPHA,ENTOMOBRYIDAE,Pseudosinella,ashmoleorum,,,,,"Gama, 1988", 119452291,Pseudosinella azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,ENTOMOBRYOMORPHA,ENTOMOBRYIDAE,Pseudosinella,azorica,,,,,"Gama, 1988", 119454484,Orthonychiurus azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,COLLEMBOLA,PODUROMORPHA,ONYCHIURIDAE,Orthonychiurus,azoricus,,,,,"(Jacquemart, 1974)", 124912427,Polydesmus ribeiraensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,POLYDESMIDA,POLYDESMIDAE,Polydesmus,ribeiraensis,,,,,"Demange, 1970", 124912567,Cerodontha bistrigata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,AGROMYZIDAE,Cerodontha,bistrigata,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124913056,Aphaniosoma azoricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,CHYROMYIDAE,Aphaniosoma,azoricum,,,,,"Frey, 1958", 124913500,Culiseta atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,CULICIDAE,Culiseta,atlantica,,,,,"(Edwards, 1932)", 124913616,Aphrosylus argyreatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Aphrosylus,argyreatus,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124913656,Aphrosylus calcarator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Aphrosylus,calcarator,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124913903,Chrysotus elongatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Chrysotus,elongatus,,,,,"Parent, 1934", 124913938,Chrysotus polychaetus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Chrysotus,polychaetus,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124914059,Chrysotus vulcanicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Chrysotus,vulcanicola,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124914107,Dolichopus anacrostichus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Dolichopus,anacrostichus,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124914121,Dolichopus marshalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Dolichopus,marshalli,,,,,"Parent, 1933", 124914136,Dolichopus simillimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Dolichopus,simillimus,,,,,"Parent, 1933", 124914147,Falbouria acorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Falbouria,acorensis,,,,,"(Parent, 1933)", 124914330,Scaptomyza impunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DROSOPHILIDAE,Scaptomyza,impunctata,,,,,"(Frey, 1945)", 124914460,Kowarzia azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EMPIDIDAE,Kowarzia,azorica,,,,,"(Wagner & Stauder, 1991)", 124914519,Kowarzia dahli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EMPIDIDAE,Kowarzia,dahli,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1964)", 124914566,Kowarzia sexmaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EMPIDIDAE,Kowarzia,sexmaculata,,,,,"(Frey, 1945)", 124914582,Kowarzia storai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EMPIDIDAE,Kowarzia,storai,,,,,"(Frey, 1945)", 124914683,Hyadina agostinhoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EPHYDRIDAE,Hyadina,agostinhoi,,,,,"(Frey, 1945)", 124914754,Hydrellia amauropoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EPHYDRIDAE,Hydrellia,amauropoda,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124914828,Limnellia helmuti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EPHYDRIDAE,Limnellia,helmuti,,,,,"Hollmann-Schirrmacher & Zatwarnicki, 1995", 124914906,Philygria cedercreutzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,EPHYDRIDAE,Philygria,cedercreutzi,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124914990,Macrocera azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,KEROPLATIDAE,Macrocera,azorica,,,,,"Stora, 1945", 124915006,Dicranomyia azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,LIMONIIDAE,Dicranomyia,azorica,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1963)", 124915040,Discobola freyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,LIMONIIDAE,Discobola,freyana,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1961)", 124915124,Coenosia freyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MUSCIDAE,Coenosia,freyi,,,,,"Tiensuu, 1945", 124915168,Exechia atlantis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MYCETOPHILIDAE,Exechia,atlantis,,,,,"Stora, 1945", 124915264,Exechia brinckiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MYCETOPHILIDAE,Exechia,brinckiana,,,,,"Nielsen, 1966", 124915300,Mycetophila atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MYCETOPHILIDAE,Mycetophila,atlantica,,,,,"Nielsen, 1966", 124915746,Mycetophila storai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MYCETOPHILIDAE,Mycetophila,storai,,,,,"Chandler & Ribeiro, 1995", 124915769,Rymosia azorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MYCETOPHILIDAE,Rymosia,azorensis,,,,,"Chandler & Ribeiro, 1995", 124915872,Azorastia minutissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,NANNODASTIIDAE,Azorastia,minutissima,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124919138,Megaselia leptofemur,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,PHORIDAE,Megaselia,leptofemur,,,,,"Disney, 2007", 124919188,Megaselia miguelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,PHORIDAE,Megaselia,miguelensis,,,,,"Disney, 2007", 124920194,Bradysia truncorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SCIARIDAE,Bradysia,truncorum,,,,,"(Frey, 1945)", 124920396,Pseudolycoriella campanulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SCIARIDAE,Pseudolycoriella,campanulata,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124921974,Simulium azorense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SIMULIIDAE,Simulium,azorense,,,,,"(Carlsson, 1963)", 124922437,Rachispoda atrolimosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SPHAEROCERIDAE,Rachispoda,atrolimosa,,,,,"(Frey, 1945)", 124924197,Ensina azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,TEPHRITIDAE,Ensina,azorica,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124926337,Tipula macaronesica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,TIPULIDAE,Tipula,macaronesica,,,,,"Savchenko, 1961", 124926439,Trixoscelis proxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,TRIXOSCELIDIDAE,Trixoscelis,proxima,,,,,"(Seguy, 1936)", 124926701,Encarsia estrellae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,APHELINIDAE,Encarsia,estrellae,,,,,"Manzari & Polaszek, 2002", 124926958,Dinotrema azoricum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,BRACONIDAE,Dinotrema,azoricum,,,,,"(Fischer, 2003)", 124927227,Phaedrotoma sanmiguelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,BRACONIDAE,Phaedrotoma,sanmiguelensis,,,,,"(Fischer, 2001)", 124927773,Aprostocetus azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,EULOPHIDAE,Aprostocetus,azoricus,,,,,"Graham, 1987", 124928040,Atrometoides nigerrimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ICHNEUMONIDAE,Atrometoides,nigerrimus,,,,,"Hellen, 1949", 124928182,Hidryta atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ICHNEUMONIDAE,Hidryta,atlantica,,,,,"Horstmann, 1990", 124928239,Meloboris insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ICHNEUMONIDAE,Meloboris,insularis,,,,,"Horstmann, 1980", 124928297,Meloboris longicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ICHNEUMONIDAE,Meloboris,longicauda,,,,,"Horstmann, 1980", 124928575,Syrphoctonus morio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ICHNEUMONIDAE,Syrphoctonus,morio,,,,,"(Hellen, 1949)", 124929073,Temelucha nigerrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HYMENOPTERA,ICHNEUMONIDAE,Temelucha,nigerrima,,,,,"Horstmann & Yu, 1999", 124929380,Apamea ramonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Apamea,ramonae,,,,,"Wagner, 2015", 124929422,Apamea sphagnicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Apamea,sphagnicola,,,,,"Wagner, 2014", 124929540,Stenoptilia meyeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PTEROPHORIDAE,Stenoptilia,meyeri,,,,,"Gielis, 1997", 124929713,Chirothrips azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,THYSANOPTERA,THRIPIDAE,Chirothrips,azoricus,,,,,"zur Strassen, 1981", 124929897,Macarorchestia martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,TALITRIDAE,Macarorchestia,martini,,,,,"Stock, 1989", 124930200,Cryptorchestia chevreuxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,AMPHIPODA,TALITRIDAE,Cryptorchestia,chevreuxi,,,,,"(de Guerne, 1887)", 15350894,Anablepsoides hartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,hartii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","A large amount of scientific literature has been published under the synonym Rivulus hartii, and many biologists continue to use this synonym in publications despite the updated taxonomy." 22690819,Paraclaravis geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Paraclaravis,geoffroyi,,,,,"(Temminck, 1811)","Claravis, as previously defined, was shown to be paraphyletic, with two of the three species grouping separately to C. pretiosi. These two need generic reallocation, moving to the new genus Paraclaravis (Sangster et al. 2018): hence P. geoffroyi and P. mondetoura." 22528853,Lophosaurus dilophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophosaurus,dilophus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1837)","Manthey and Denzer (2016) examined genetic material and voucher specimens for Melanesian Hypsilurus (sensu lato) and Australian outgroups including the two representatives of this genus. The results supported an earlier suggestion (Manthey and Denzer 2006) that the Australian taxa and Melanesian H. dilophus, the type species of the genus Lophosaurus, formed a separate species group from the remaining Oceanian taxa. While Manthey and Denzer (2016) deferred nomenclatural changes to Melanesian Hypsilurus sensu lato pending further work, these authors resurrected Lophosaurus for the clade containing H. dilophis, H. spinipes and H. boydii." 125056608,Asaccus caudivolvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,caudivolvulus,,,,,"Arnold & Gardner, 1994","A recent systematic revision by Carranza et al. (2016), using an integrative approach including molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and morphological data, indicated that the species originally classified as Asaccus caudivolvulus (Arnold and Gardner 1994, Gardner 2013) was an assemblage of three different species that started diversifying during the Mid-Miocene. The analyses uncovered a very old diversification event that resulted in a case of microendemicity, where three morphologically and ecologically similar medium-sized species previously classified within A. caudivolvulus coexist in a very short and narrow mountain stretch.

As a result of this study, two new species – A. gardneri and A. margaritae – were described, both of them widely distributed across the northern tip of the Hajar Mountains. Conversely the third species - Asaccus caudivolvulus sensu stricto - appears to be restricted to a small coastal area of the United Arab Emirates under heavy development, where the only two localities in which the species has ever been recorded occur. The molecular analyses indicate that A. caudivolvulus has been evolving independently from its sister taxon, A. gardneri, for approximately four million years." 125056919,Asaccus gardneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,gardneri,,,,,"Carranza, Simó-Riudalbas, Jayasinghe, Wilms & Els, 2016", 125056968,Asaccus margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Asaccus,margaritae,,,,,"Carranza, Simó-Riudalbas, Jayasinghe, Wilms & Els, 2016", 125160424,Abavorana nazgul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Abavorana,nazgul,,,,,"Quah, Anuar, Grismer, Wood, Azizah & Muin, 2017",This is a split from the broader concept of Abavorana luctuosa (Quah et al. 2017). 125163680,Pelophryne penrissenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,penrissenensis,,,,,"Matsui, Nishikawa, Eto & Hossman, 2017", 125164376,Ansonia smeagol,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,smeagol,,,,,"Davis, Grismer, Klabacka, Muin, Quah, Anuar, Wood & Sites, 2016", 125164708,Ansonia phuketensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,phuketensis,,,,,"Matsui, Khonsue & Panha, 2018", 125165804,Limnonectes coffeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,coffeatus,,,,,"Phimmachak, Sivongxay, Seateun, Yodthong, Rujirawan, Neang, Aowphol & Stuart, 2018", 125166129,Limnonectes quangninhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,quangninhensis,,,,,"Pham, Le, Nguyen, Ziegler, Wu & Nguyen, 2017", 125179661,Pristimantis boucephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,boucephalus,,,,,"Lehr, Moravec, Cusi & Gvoždík, 2017", 125181144,Pristimantis bounides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bounides,,,,,"Lehr, von May, Moravec & Cusi, 2017", 125181973,Pristimantis puipui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,puipui,,,,,"Lehr, von May, Moravec & Cusi, 2017", 125183226,Quilticohyla zoque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Quilticohyla,zoque,,,,,"(Canseco-Márquez, Aguilar-López, Luría-Manzano, Pineda-Arredeondo & Caviedes-Solis, 2017)", 125184151,Sachatamia electrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Sachatamia,electrops,,,,,"Rada, Jeckel, Caorsi, Barrientos, Rivera-Correa & Grant, 2017", 125188592,Nymphargus caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,caucanus,,,,,"Rada, Ospina-Sarria & Guayasamin, 2017", 125189785,Phrynopus inti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,inti,,,,,"Lehr, von May, Moravec & Cusi, 2017", 125191477,Charadrahyla esperancensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,esperancensis,,,,,"Canseco-Márquez, Ramírez-González & González-Bernal, 2017", 59559,Hypogeophis brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,INDOTYPHLIDAE,Hypogeophis,brevis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 125198826,Pristimantis humboldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,humboldti,,,,,"Lehr, von May, Moravec & Cusi, 2017", 125200267,Anomaloglossus blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,blanci,,,,,"Fouquet, Vacher, Courtois, Villette, Reizine, Gaucher, Jairam, Ouboter & Kok, 2018",This is a split from the broader concept of Anomaloglossus degranvillei (Fouquet et al. 2018). 125200559,Anomaloglossus dewynteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,dewynteri,,,,,"Fouquet, Vacher, Courtois, Villette, Reizine, Gaucher, Jairam, Ouboter & Kok, 2018",This is a split from the broader concept of Anomaloglossus degranvillei (Fouquet et al. 2018). 44181,Ctenosaura bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,bakeri,,,,,"Stejneger, 1901","Synonym = Enyaliosaurus bakeri (Stejneger, 1901). Not a basionym." 159103,Oxyagrion ablutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,ablutum,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 2109,Arion simrothi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,simrothi,,,,,"Künkel, 1909",The distinction between this species and others is unclear and requires confirmation. Welter-Schultes (2012) does not accept this species. 41651,Martes pennanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Martes,pennanti,,,,,"(Erxleben, 1777)","Molecular phylogenetic results (e.g., Koepfli et al. 2008) indicate that the Fisher should in the future be classified in a monospecific genus Pekania Gray, 1865." 171049,Cecilioides petitiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,petitiana,,,,,"(Benoit, 1862)","The validity of this species must be evaluated with further taxonomic research. This taxon belongs to group of Cecilioides species described by Benoit in 1862 and in strong need of taxonomic revision.

Beckmann and Falkner (2003: 38) stated that ""the identity of this species is still problematic"" and separates from C. rizzeana only by virtue of its bigger shell dimensions." 171040,Cecilioides rizzeana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,rizzeana,,,,,"(Benoit, 1862)","Although Bank (2013) lists this species, its validity must be evaluated with further taxonomic researches. This taxon belongs to the group of Cecilioides species described by Benoit in 1862 and is in a strong need to be taxonomically revised.

Beckmann and Falkner (2003: 38) stated that ""the identity of this species is still problematic"" and separates it from C. petitiana only by virtue of its smaller shell dimensions." 171712,Charpentieria riberothi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Charpentieria,riberothi,,,,,"(R.A. Brandt, 1961)","Charpentieria riberothi was described by Brandt (1961) as a subspecies of Siciliaria leucophryna. This species is currently considered as a valid species by Nordsieck (2013) even if this author highlights the problematic systematic situation of this taxon that should be clarified by further taxonomical investigations. Nordsieck's opinion has been later followed by Beckmann (2004) and Bank (2013).

In addition, the actual distribution must be clarified as the type locality provided by Brandt (1961) seems likely to be erroneous as no other Charpentieria is found north of Ribera. This fact, if not clarified, could strongly invalidate the real validity of this species as no clear type locality would be available." 170703,Deroceras sardum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,sardum,,,,,"(Simroth, 1886)",The systematic position of Deroceras sardum is still unclear. Wiktor (2000: 552) stated that Simroth (1886) probably dealt with juvenile specimens when he described the species. Nevertheless Bank (2013) lists the species in his checklist. 170708,Deroceras thersites,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,thersites,,,,,"(Simroth, 1886)", 158924,Fluminagrion taxaense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Fluminagrion,taxaense,,,,,"(Santos, 1965)",Description (Santos 1965) does not fit with generic diagnosis of Acanthagrion - taxonomic revision needed (von Ellenrieder and Garrison 2007). 171268,Macrogastra rolphii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Macrogastra,rolphii,,,,,"(Turton, 1826)", 155784,Onchidella celtica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SYSTELLOMMATOPHORA,ONCHIDIIDAE,Onchidella,celtica,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)","Dayrat (2009) found Onchidella nana (Philippi, 1844) to be a synonym of O. celtica." 171633,Oxychilus colliourensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,colliourensis,,,,,"(Locard, 1894)","This species is not considered by Welter-Schultes (2012), but it is listed as a synonym of O. navarricus (Bourguignat, 1870).

Welter-Schultes (2012) states that Germain (1930) classified this as a synonym of O. lucidus var. navarricus (O. lucidus = currently O. draparnaudi, navarricus = currently O. navarricus (Bourguignat, 1870)). Falkner et al. (2002) argued that ""O. colliourensis was a good species, but gave no constraints or arguments to substantiate this hypothesis. More research is necessary. The original information given by Locard (1894) did not provide constraints to classify this taxon as an independent species, so the classification proposed by Germain (who regarded navarricus as a widespread species in southern France and the Pyrenees) is preliminarily accepted, although O. navarricus in the current interpretation is not regarded as a synonym of colliourensis. A new classification should be based on published results of new scientific studies"".

In Bank (2017) it is treated as a valid species." 170916,Oxychilus maceanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,maceanus,,,,,"(Bourguignat, 1869)", 164952,Drepanoneura letitia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Drepanoneura,letitia,,,,,"(Donnelly, 1992)", 125230805,Phyllogomphoides appendiculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,appendiculatus,,,,,"(Kirby, 1899)", 125230892,Phyllogomphoides atlanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,atlanticus,,,,,"(Belle, 1970)", 125231005,Phyllogomphoides audax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,audax,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 125231094,Phyllogomphoides bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,bifasciatus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1878)", 125231114,Phyllogomphoides burgosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,burgosi,,,,,"Brooks, 1989", 125231141,Phyllogomphoides calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,calverti,,,,,"(Kirby, 1897)", 125231186,Phyllogomphoides cornutifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,cornutifrons,,,,,"(Needham, 1944)", 125231229,Phyllogomphoides cristatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,cristatus,,,,,"(Needham, 1944)", 125231282,Phyllogomphoides enriquei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,enriquei,,,,,"Torres-Pachón & Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2017", 125231410,Phyllogomphoides fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 125231454,Phyllogomphoides imperator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,imperator,,,,,"Belle, 1976", 125231495,Phyllogomphoides insignatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,insignatus,,,,,"Donnelly, 1979", 125235485,Acanthagrion indefensum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,indefensum,,,,,"Williamson, 1916", 125235884,Acanthagrion rubrifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,rubrifrons,,,,,"Leonard, 1977", 125241324,Acanthagrion temporale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,temporale,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 125231527,Phyllogomphoides major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,major,,,,,"Belle, 1984", 125231573,Phyllogomphoides pedunculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,pedunculus,,,,,"Belle, 1984", 125231576,Phyllogomphoides praedatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,praedatrix,,,,,"Belle, 1982", 125231585,Phyllogomphoides pugnifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,pugnifer,,,,,"Donnelly, 1979", 125231594,Phyllogomphoides regularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,regularis,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 125231601,Phyllogomphoides spiniventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,spiniventris,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 125232469,Phyllogomphoides suasus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,suasus,,,,,"(Selys, 1859)", 125234271,Phyllogomphoides undulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllogomphoides,undulatus,,,,,"(Needham, 1944)", 125242500,Perigomphus basicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Perigomphus,basicornis,,,,,"Amaya-Vallejo, Novelo-Gutiérrez & Realpe, 2017", 125242629,Palaemnema angelina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,angelina,,,,,"Selys, 1860", 125242655,Palaemnema brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,brasiliensis,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 125242691,Palaemnema brevignoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,brevignoni,,,,,"Machet, 1990", 125242838,Palaemnema collaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,collaris,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 125242890,Palaemnema desiderata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,desiderata,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 125242915,Palaemnema melanostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,melanostigma,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1860", 125242951,Palaemnema mutans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,mutans,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 125243407,Palaemnema paulitoyaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,paulitoyaca,,,,,"Calvert, 1931", 125243430,Palaemnema tepuica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Palaemnema,tepuica,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 125244727,Andaeschna andresi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Andaeschna,andresi,,,,,"(Rácenis, 1958)", 125251530,Antidythemis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Antidythemis,nigra,,,,,"Buchholz, 1952", 125251569,Archilestes guayaraca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,guayaraca,,,,,"De Marmels, 1982", 125251578,Archilestes latialatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,latialatus,,,,,"Donnelly, 1981", 125251646,Archilestes neblina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Archilestes,neblina,,,,,"Garrison, 1982", 125251696,Argia albistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,albistigma,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 125251811,Argia appendiculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,appendiculata,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125252382,Argia azurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,azurea,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125252480,Argia calida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,calida,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 125252511,Argia chelata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,chelata,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 125252540,Argia claussenii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,claussenii,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 125252565,Argia cuneifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,cuneifera,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125252608,Argia cyathigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,cyathigera,,,,,"Navás, 1934", 125252632,Argia deceptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,deceptor,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125252637,Argia donnellyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,donnellyi,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125252657,Argia elongata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,elongata,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017", 125252684,Argia funcki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,funcki,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 125252698,Argia gaumeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,gaumeri,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 125252711,Argia gemella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,gemella,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125252727,Argia guyanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,guyanica,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125252765,Argia haberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,haberi,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2017", 125252769,Argia herberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,herberti,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 125252781,Argia impura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,impura,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 125252789,Argia indocilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,indocilis,,,,,"Navás, 1934", 125252794,Argia infumata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,infumata,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 125252802,Argia insipida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,insipida,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 125252829,Argia joallynae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,joallynae,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125253449,Argia meioura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,meioura,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125253464,Argia modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,modesta,,,,,"Selys, 1865", 125253481,Argia palmata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,palmata,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125253516,Argia pipila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,pipila,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 125253552,Argia recurvata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,recurvata,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2015", 125253621,Argia serva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,serva,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 125253631,Argia smithiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,smithiana,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 125253640,Argia sordida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,sordida,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1865", 125253674,Argia telesfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,telesfordi,,,,,"Meurgey, 2009", 125253684,Argia tupi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tupi,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 125253820,Argia popoluca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,popoluca,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 127509553,Brechmorhoga praecox,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,praecox,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)",Meurgey (2016) treats Brechmorhoga grenadensis as a subspecies of B. praecox. 125254142,Brechmorhoga diplosema,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,diplosema,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 125254159,Brechmorhoga flavoannulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,flavoannulata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1920", 125254183,Brechmorhoga innupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,innupta,,,,,"Rácenis, 1954","Described on the basis of a single female from the Sierra de Perija this species has neverbeen found since. De Marmels (1999) examined the type and concluded that B. innupta is a probable synonym of B. flavopunctata (Martin, 1897), a species known from Bolivia to Colombia. However, also, in this case, fresh material from Venezuela, especially males, should be examined before a final conclusion can be drawn (De Marmels 1999)." 125254206,Brechmorhoga neblinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,neblinae,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 125254223,Brechmorhoga tepeaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,tepeaca,,,,,"Calvert, 1908", 125254262,Brechmorhoga travassosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brechmorhoga,travassosi,,,,,"Santos, 1946", 125254281,Castoraeschna castor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,castor,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 125254305,Castoraeschna januaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,januaria,,,,,"(Hagen, 1867)", 125254333,Castoraeschna longfieldae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,longfieldae,,,,,"(Kimmins, 1929)", 125254355,Castoraeschna margarethae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,margarethae,,,,,"Jurzitza, 1979", 125254385,Castoraeschna tepuica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Castoraeschna,tepuica,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 158948,Epipleoneura williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,williamsoni,,,,,"Santos, 1957", 158992,Epipleoneura tariana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,tariana,,,,,"Machado, 1985", 159063,Epipleoneura uncinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,uncinata,,,,,"de Marmels, 1989", 49254663,Heteragrion peregrinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,peregrinum,,,,,"Williamson, 1919", 125254689,Cora cyane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,cyane,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 125257446,Dimeragrion clavijoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Dimeragrion,clavijoi,,,,,"De Marmels, 1999", 125257498,Dimeragrion mesembrium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Dimeragrion,mesembrium,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 125257571,Dimeragrion secundum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Dimeragrion,secundum,,,,,"Needham, 1933", 125257615,Dimeragrion unturanense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Dimeragrion,unturanense,,,,,"De Marmels, 1992", 125259486,Hetaerina auripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,auripennis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 125259705,Hetaerina brightwelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,brightwelli,,,,,"(Kirby, 1823)", 125259800,Hetaerina dutati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,dutati,,,,,"Machado, 2017", 125259950,Hetaerina longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,longipes,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 125260247,Hetaerina moribunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,moribunda,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 125261293,Hetaerina mortua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,mortua,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 125262513,Hetaerina pilula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,pilula,,,,,"Calvert, 1901", 125262553,Hetaerina proxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,proxima,,,,,"Selys, 1853", 125262875,Hetaerina westfalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Hetaerina,westfalli,,,,,"Rácenis, 1968", 125263639,Ebegomphus conchinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ebegomphus,conchinus,,,,,"(Williamson, 1916)", 125264173,Ebegomphus demerarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ebegomphus,demerarae,,,,,"(Selys, 1894)", 125264409,Ebegomphus minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ebegomphus,minutus,,,,,"(Belle, 1970)", 125264600,Ebegomphus pumilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ebegomphus,pumilus,,,,,"(Belle, 1986)", 125264848,Elasmothemis alcebiadesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,alcebiadesi,,,,,"(Santos, 1945)", 125264938,Elasmothemis aliciae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,aliciae,,,,,"González-Soriano & Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2006", 125264997,Elasmothemis constricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,constricta,,,,,"(Calvert, 1898)", 125265210,Elasmothemis kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,kiautai,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1989)", 125265251,Elasmothemis rufa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,rufa,,,,,"De Marmels, 2008", 125265272,Elasmothemis williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Elasmothemis,williamsoni,,,,,"(Ris, 1919)", 125265314,Epipleoneura angeloi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,angeloi,,,,,"Pessacq & Costa, 2010", 125265350,Epipleoneura demarmelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,demarmelsi,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 125265366,Epipleoneura fernandezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,fernandezi,,,,,"Rácenis, 1960", 125265388,Epipleoneura haroldoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,haroldoi,,,,,"Santos, 1964", 125265456,Epipleoneura janirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,janirae,,,,,"Machado, 2005", 125266224,Epipleoneura ocuene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,ocuene,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 125266427,Epipleoneura pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,pallida,,,,,"Rácenis, 1960", 125266436,Epipleoneura spatulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,spatulata,,,,,"Rácenis, 1960", 125266496,Epipleoneura venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,venezuelensis,,,,,"Rácenis, 1955", 125266638,Erythrodiplax atroterminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,atroterminata,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 125266753,Erythrodiplax branconensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,branconensis,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1929", 125266949,Erythrodiplax chromoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,chromoptera,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 125267056,Erythrodiplax clitella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,clitella,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 125267637,Erythrodiplax gomesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,gomesi,,,,,"Santos, 1946", 125267663,Erythrodiplax hyalina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,hyalina,,,,,"Förster, 1907", 125267864,Erythrodiplax justiniana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,justiniana,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 125268272,Erythrodiplax laselva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,laselva,,,,,"Haber, Wagner & De La Rosa, 2015", 125268317,Erythrodiplax laurentia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,laurentia,,,,,"Borror, 1942", 125268557,Erythrodiplax longitudinalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,longitudinalis,,,,,"(Ris, 1919)", 125268758,Erythrodiplax luteofrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,luteofrons,,,,,"Santos, 1956", 125269224,Erythrodiplax nigricans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,nigricans,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 125269540,Erythrodiplax transversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Erythrodiplax,transversa,,,,,"Borror, 1957", 125269952,Heteragrion albifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,albifrons,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 125270011,Heteragrion alienum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,alienum,,,,,"Williamson, 1919", 125302037,Heteragrion beschkii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,beschkii,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 125302046,Heteragrion breweri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,breweri,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 125302256,Heteragrion brianmayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,brianmayi,,,,,"Lencioni, 2013", 125302289,Heteragrion cauei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,cauei,,,,,"Avila Junior, Lencioni & Carneiro, 2017", 125302398,Heteragrion chlorotaeniatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,chlorotaeniatum,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 125302407,Heteragrion chrysops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,chrysops,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 125302410,Heteragrion cinnamomeum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,cinnamomeum,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 125302443,Heteragrion consors,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,consors,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 125302447,Heteragrion cyane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,cyane,,,,,"Machado & de Souza, 2014", 125302473,Heteragrion freddiemercuryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,freddiemercuryi,,,,,"Lencioni, 2013", 125302482,Heteragrion gracile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,gracile,,,,,"Machado, 2006", 125302491,Heteragrion ictericum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,ictericum,,,,,"Williamson, 1919", 125302585,Heteragrion johndeaconi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,johndeaconi,,,,,"Lencioni, 2013", 125302588,Heteragrion luisfelipei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,luisfelipei,,,,,"Machado, 2006", 125302635,Heteragrion mantiqueirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,mantiqueirae,,,,,"Machado, 2006", 125302987,Heteragrion muryense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,muryense,,,,,"Costa & Santos, 2000", 125302992,Heteragrion obsoletum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,obsoletum,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 125302995,Heteragrion ochraceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,ochraceum,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 125303011,Heteragrion pemon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,pemon,,,,,"De Marmels, 1987", 125303016,Heteragrion petiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,petiense,,,,,"Machado, 1988", 125303067,Heteragrion rogertaylori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,rogertaylori,,,,,"Lencioni, 2013", 125303094,Heteragrion rubrifulvum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,rubrifulvum,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 125303105,Heteragrion simulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,simulatum,,,,,"Williamson, 1919", 125303187,Heteragrion thais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,thais,,,,,"Machado, 2015", 125303238,Heteragrion tiradentense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,tiradentense,,,,,"Machado & Bedé, 2006", 125303264,Heteragrion valgum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,valgum,,,,,"Donnelly, 1992", 125303409,Heteragrion tatama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,tatama,,,,,"Bota-Sierra, 2017", 22695121,Haliaeetus vociferoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,vociferoides,,,,,"Des Murs, 1845", 22684225,Centropus steerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,steerii,,,,,"Bourns & Worcester, 1894", 61915272,Otus feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,feae,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1903)","Otus senegalensis, O. feae, O. pamelae and O. socotranus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. senegalensis. Before then, O. senegalensis, plus O. scops, O. sunia and O. alius (the latter three sensu del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), AOU (1998) and Rasmussen (1998). Prior to that, all these taxa had been lumped as O. scops following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22702156,Aphrastura masafuerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Aphrastura,masafuerae,,,,,"(Philippi & Landbeck, 1866)","Aphrastura masafuerae (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2021) was previously listed as Aphrastura masafucrae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). The latter spelling was subject to a later attempt to correct the name by the author of the type description, and has been recognised as an accidental error: the type description had intended to use the name of the island on which the species occurs in the original description." 163929,Wahnesia saltuaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,saltuaria,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122217346,Wahnesia annulipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,annulipes,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122217359,Wahnesia armeniaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,armeniaca,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122217474,Wahnesia ephippiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,ephippiata,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122217491,Wahnesia esuriens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,esuriens,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122217838,Wahnesia microstigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,microstigma,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122218799,Wahnesia prothoracalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,prothoracalis,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 122218812,Wahnesia saltator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,saltator,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)", 22732096,Nisaetus floris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,floris,,,,,"(E. Hartert, 1898)", 165053,Gomphurus dilatatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,dilatatus,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 22684986,Prioniturus verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,verticalis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1893", 22690985,Gallicolumba platenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gallicolumba,platenae,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1891)", 51178920,Gomphurus externus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,externus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858", 125502470,Arrhenocnemis parvibullis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Arrhenocnemis,parvibullis,,,,,"Orr & Kalkman, 2010", 125502556,Hylaeargia lisae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Hylaeargia,lisae,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2013", 125502609,Hylaeargia simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Hylaeargia,simplex,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2013", 125502612,Hylaeargia simulatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Hylaeargia,simulatrix,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 125502621,Hylaeargia vanmastrigti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Hylaeargia,vanmastrigti,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2013", 103780118,Acrocephalus hiwae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,hiwae,,,,,"Yamashina, 1942","

Acrocephalus luscinius, A. hiwae, A. yamashinae, A. astrolabii and A. nijoi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. luscinius following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 125503265,Idiocnemis australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,australis,,,,,"Gassmann, 1999", 125503323,Idiocnemis chloropleura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,chloropleura,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 125503345,Idiocnemis dagnyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,dagnyae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 125503382,Idiocnemis inornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,inornata,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 125503408,Idiocnemis kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,kimminsi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 125503419,Idiocnemis leonardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,leonardi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 125503475,Idiocnemis louisiadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,louisiadensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 125503582,Idiocnemis mertoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,mertoni,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 125503739,Idiocnemis nigriventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,nigriventris,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 125503795,Idiocnemis obliterata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,obliterata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 125503820,Idiocnemis patriciae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,patriciae,,,,,"Gassmann & Richards, 2008", 125503837,Idiocnemis polhemi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,polhemi,,,,,"Gassmann, 2000", 125503874,Idiocnemis pruinescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,pruinescens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 125503890,Idiocnemis schorri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,schorri,,,,,"Gassmann, Richards & Polhemus, 2016", 125503907,Idiocnemis strumidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,strumidens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 125503991,Idiocnemis zebrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,zebrina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1958", 125504626,Macrocnemis gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Macrocnemis,gracilis,,,,,"Theischinger, Gassmann & Richards, 2015", 134668,Phricotelphusa sirindhorn,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,GECARCINUCIDAE,Phricotelphusa,sirindhorn,,,,,"Naiyanetr, 1989", 22734628,Liocichla bugunorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Liocichla,bugunorum,,,,,"Athreya, 2006", 51178928,Gomphurus fraternus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,fraternus,,,,,"(Say, 1840)", 22681531,Dendrocopos noguchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,noguchii,,,,,"(Seebohm, 1887)", 163565,Nososticta solitaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,solitaria,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1906)","Tillyard originally described as Alloneura solitaris (Tillyard 1906), and in 1913 (Tillyard 1913) corrected the spelling of the specific name. Additional information (Watson and Theischinger 1984, Houston and Watson 1988)." 51178958,Gomphurus hybridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,hybridus,,,,,"Williamson, 1902", 125505035,Nososticta acudens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,acudens,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2006", 125505068,Nososticta acuminata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,acuminata,,,,,"Michalski, Richards & Theischinger, 2012", 125505427,Nososticta africana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,africana,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1944)", 125505692,Nososticta astrolabica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,astrolabica,,,,,"(Förster, 1898)", 125506712,Nososticta azurosignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,azurosignata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125507549,Nososticta beatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,beatrix,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 125507592,Nososticta caelestis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,caelestis,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 125507633,Nososticta caerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,caerulea,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125507658,Nososticta callisphaena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,callisphaena,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1937)", 125507722,Nososticta chalybeostoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,chalybeostoma,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 125507813,Nososticta chrismulleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,chrismulleri,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 125507933,Nososticta commutata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,commutata,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1938)", 125507973,Nososticta conifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,conifera,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2006", 125516104,Nososticta longicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,longicauda,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125516120,Nososticta makrodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,makrodon,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 125516131,Nososticta manuscola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,manuscola,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125516195,Nososticta megantereon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,megantereon,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 125516398,Nososticta nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,nigrofasciata,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 125516412,Nososticta oculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,oculata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125516455,Nososticta ovimacula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,ovimacula,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 125516510,Nososticta parafonticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,parafonticola,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125516704,Nososticta rosea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,rosea,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 125516919,Nososticta smilodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,smilodon,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2006", 125517484,Nososticta tricolorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,tricolorata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125517492,Nososticta truncata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,truncata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125518453,Palaiargia carnifex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,carnifex,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 125518471,Palaiargia ceyx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,ceyx,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 125518495,Palaiargia charmosyna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,charmosyna,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 125518498,Palaiargia clarillii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,clarillii,,,,,"Orr, Kalkman & Richards, 2014", 125518696,Palaiargia quandti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,quandti,,,,,"Orr, Kalkman & Richards, 2014", 125518705,Palaiargia rubropunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,rubropunctata,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 125518791,Palaiargia traunae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,traunae,,,,,"Orr & Richards, 2014", 125518803,Palaiargia tydecksjuerging,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,tydecksjuerging,,,,,"Orr, Kalkman & Richards, 2014", 125518905,Paramecocnemis eos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Paramecocnemis,eos,,,,,"Orr, Kalkman & Richards, 2012", 125518955,Paramecocnemis similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Paramecocnemis,similis,,,,,"Orr, Kalkman & Richards, 2012", 125518964,Paramecocnemis spinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Paramecocnemis,spinosa,,,,,"Orr, Kalkman & Richards, 2012", 125518967,Paramecocnemis stilla-cruoris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Paramecocnemis,stilla-cruoris,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1956", 125518989,Rhyacocnemis sufficiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Rhyacocnemis,sufficiens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1956", 125519077,Torrenticnemis filicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Torrenticnemis,filicornis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 122212841,Pyrrhargiolestes angulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Pyrrhargiolestes,angulatus,,,,,"(Theischinger & Richards, 2007)", 122213016,Pyrrhargiolestes aulicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Pyrrhargiolestes,aulicus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 122213065,Pyrrhargiolestes kula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Pyrrhargiolestes,kula,,,,,"(Englund & Polhemus, 2007)", 125516471,Nososticta paraconifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,paraconifera,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 22682517,Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhabdotorrhinus,waldeni,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)",Rhabdotorrhinus waldeni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 87534191,Indolestes insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,insularis,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)", 164999,Gomphurus lineatifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,lineatifrons,,,,,"Calvert, 1921", 22705953,Corvus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,unicolor,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1900)", 42687,Gomphurus modestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,modestus,,,,,"Needham, 1942", 164936,Gomphurus ozarkensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,ozarkensis,,,,,"Westfall, 1975", 51179177,Gomphurus vastus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,vastus,,,,,"Walsh, 1862", 51179182,Gomphurus ventricosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphurus,ventricosus,,,,,"Walsh, 1863", 165056,Hylogomphus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hylogomphus,abbreviatus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1878", 51178871,Hylogomphus adelphus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hylogomphus,adelphus,,,,,"Selys, 1858", 51178877,Hylogomphus apomyius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hylogomphus,apomyius,,,,,"Donnelly, 1966", 22718949,Ploceus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 42689,Hylogomphus parvidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hylogomphus,parvidens,,,,,"Currie, 1917",Transferred from the genus Hylogomphus to Gomphus as the former is now a subgenus. 51179191,Hylogomphus viridifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Hylogomphus,viridifrons,,,,,"Hine, 1901", 51178881,Phanogomphus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,australis,,,,,"(Needham, 1897)", 51178891,Phanogomphus borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,borealis,,,,,"Needham, 1901", 51178895,Phanogomphus cavillaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,cavillaris,,,,,"Needham, 1902", 51178910,Phanogomphus descriptus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,descriptus,,,,,"Banks, 1896", 164943,Phanogomphus exilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,exilis,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 51178953,Phanogomphus graslinellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,graslinellus,,,,,"Walsh, 1862", 9311,Phanogomphus hodgesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,hodgesi,,,,,"Needham, 1950", 51178965,Phanogomphus kurilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,kurilis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858", 51178996,Phanogomphus militaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,militaris,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1858", 51179090,Phanogomphus minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,minutus,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 51179102,Phanogomphus oklahomensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,oklahomensis,,,,,"Pritchard, 1935", 51179112,Phanogomphus quadricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,quadricolor,,,,,"Walsh, 1863", 51179172,Phanogomphus spicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phanogomphus,spicatus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854", 51179134,Stenogomphurus rogersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stenogomphurus,rogersi,,,,,"Gloyd, 1936", 125554212,Cyrtodactylus gialaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,gialaiensis,,,,,"Luu, Dung, Nguyen, Le & Ziegler, 2017", 22680344,Rhodonessa caryophyllacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Rhodonessa,caryophyllacea,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22726971,Alcedo euryzona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Alcedo,euryzona,,,,,"Temminck, 1830","

Alcedo euryzona and A. peninsulae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. euryzona following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22714005,Zosterops chloronothos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,chloronothos,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",

Zosterops chloronothos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zosterops chloronothus.

103823616,Hemignathus hanapepe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Hemignathus,hanapepe,,,,,"Wilson, 1889","

Hemignathus lucidus, H. hanapepe and H. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. lucidus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 158558,Mortonagrion stygium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,stygium,,,,,"(Fraser, 1954)", 163844,Pyrrhargiolestes tenuispinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Pyrrhargiolestes,tenuispinus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1938)", 163874,Metagrion triste,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,triste,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1935)", 45470702,Psophia obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,PSOPHIIDAE,Psophia,obscura,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1857","Psophia viridis, P. dextralis and P. obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. viridis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 181632,Clarias theodorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,theodorae,,,,,"Weber, 1897", 169138,Dysphaea walli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,walli,,,,,"Fraser, 1927",


122146919,Argiolestes zane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,zane,,,,,"Kalnins, 2014",The female of Argiolestes zane is not known. 122150616,Mortonagrion megabinluyog,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,megabinluyog,,,,,"Dow & Choong, 2015", 125508551,Nososticta dora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,dora,,,,,"Kovács & Theischinger, 2016", 125515910,Nososticta impercepta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,impercepta,,,,,"Seehausen & Theischinger, 2017","

Populations previously reported as Nososticta selysi (Förster, 1896) from Timor all appear to belong to Nososticta impercepta (Seehausen & Theischinger 2017).

" 125770086,Leptogomphus sii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,sii,,,,,"Dow, Stokvis & Ngiam, 2017", 125770231,Drepanosticta adenani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,adenani,,,,,"Dow & Reels, 2018", 125770564,Drepanosticta forficula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,forficula,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936","Drepanosticta forficula is a poorly known species, and at least one closely related but distinct species occurs in northern Borneo. The true identity of specimens from all locations except Mount Dulit (the type locality) is uncertain, so for the purposes of this assessment only the population from Mount Dulit is considered." 163900,Selysioneura bacillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,bacillus,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 182167,Enteromius trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,trimaculatus,,,,,"Peters, 1852","It must be noted that Enteromius trimaculatus formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) it has been changed to Enteromius (Skelton 2016)." 10238,Chersobius solus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chersobius,solus,,,,,"Branch, 2007","A range-wide molecular study (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) of southern African tortoises indicated that Homopus is paraphyletic and that the genus Chersobius warrants resurrection to accommodate the five-toed Homopus species, including H. signatus (Hofmeyr et al. 2017), a name change adopted by TTWG (2017). A paper detailing the taxonomic revision has been published (Hofmeyr and Branch 2018)." 178220,Gekko scabridus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,scabridus,,,,,"Liu & Zhou, 1982","Wang and Rao (2008) removed Gekko scabridus from synonymy with G. chinensis, within which it had been placed by Zhao and Adler (1993). Molecular research supports this arrangement (K. Zhou unpubl. data 2010)." 176238,Cynisca schaeferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Cynisca,schaeferi,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1912)", 156457,Acanthinula azorica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VALLONIIDAE,Acanthinula,azorica,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1926","Acanthinula azorica was cited for the Azores as the European A. aculeata (Müller 1774) (Backhuys 1975); Bank et al. (2002) consider it separate from the continental taxon." 156615,Helicella nubigena,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicella,nubigena,,,,,"(De Saulcy, 1852)","The taxonomic status of this species has been discussed for a long time (end of the nineteenth century until a few years ago), and some authors have considered it a junior synonym of Helicella itala (Linnaeus 1758) or Xerosecta cespitum. Falkner et al. (2002) consider that it is a valid taxon and different from H. itala." 125851303,Oryzias wolasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,wolasi,,,,,"Parenti, Hadiaty, Lumbantobing & Herder 2013","Mokodongan et al. (2018) found that the Oryzias woworae species group (comprising of O. asinua, O. wolasi, and O. woworae) could not be separated by their body shape using geometric morphometrics and that their phylogenetic relationships did not support the presence of three species. As such, they recommend a taxonomic re-examination of the O.woworae species group." 125851287,Oryzias asinua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,asinua,,,,,"Parenti, Hadiaty, Lumbantobing & Herder 2013","Mokodongan et al. (2018) found that the Oryzias woworae species group (comprising of O. asinua, O. wolasi, and O. woworae) could not be separated by their body shape using geometric morphometrics and that their phylogenetic relationships did not support the presence of three species. As such, they recommend a taxonomic re-examination of the O.woworae species group." 125853495,Oryzias soerotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,soerotoi,,,,,"Mokodongan, Tanaka & Yamahira, 2014", 20515,Argynnis idalia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Argynnis,idalia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 125854290,Anatrytone logan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Anatrytone,logan,,,,,"(Edwards, 1863)","There are two sub-species recognized: a northern, univoltine species (Anatrytone logan lagus) and a southern, bivoltine species (Anatrytone logan logan) (Pelham 2021)." 125854663,Ancyloxypha numitor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Ancyloxypha,numitor,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)","The name is noted to be frequently misspelled in literature, usually as “Ancyloxipha” (Warren et al. 2021)." 125854891,Atrytone arogos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Atrytone,arogos,,,,,"(Boisduval & Le Conte, 1833)","Two subspecies, Atrytone arogos arogos and Atrytone arogos iowa, have been identified. Distribution and ecology for the taxa are quite different, however, morphological differences are subtle (NatureServe 2010)." 125855010,Atrytonopsis hianna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Atrytonopsis,hianna,,,,,"(Scudder, 1868)", 125855083,Hesperia ottoe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Hesperia,ottoe,,,,,"Edwards, 1866",There are no currently recognized subspecies (Selby 2005). 125855131,Oarisma garita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Oarisma,garita,,,,,"(Reakirt, 1866)", 125855353,Polites mystic,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Polites,mystic,,,,,"(Edwards, 1863)", 125855374,Polites peckius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Polites,peckius,,,,,"(Kirby, 1837)", 125855753,Cercyonis pegala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cercyonis,pegala,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 125855825,Colias eurytheme,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colias,eurytheme,,,,,"Boisduval, 1852", 125922413,Ancistrus trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,trinitatis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","

This is considerable taxonomic uncertainty surrounding the validity of A. trinitatis, due in part to poor original descriptions (Armbruster 2005), and further confounded by missing syntypes of Chaetostomus trinitatis (Lujan et al. 2015). Philips et al. (2013) suggests that all ancistrine Loricariids on the island of Trinidad represent A. maracasae (therefore placing A. trinitatis as junior synonym to A. maracasae). In the following assessment, A. trinitatis is treated as a valid species based on the most recent review of ancistrine systematics available, which effectively assigns the holotype of A. maracasae as the neotype of A. trinitatis (De Souza et al. 2019).

" 125922559,Cubanichthys cubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cubanichthys,cubensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1903)", 125922809,Cubanichthys pengelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,CYPRINODONTIDAE,Cubanichthys,pengelleyi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1939)", 125922855,Gambusia baracoana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,baracoana,,,,,"Rivas, 1944","

This species is a member of the Gambusia puncticulata species group (Rauchenberger 1989). Additional taxonomic and systematic research is needed to determine if G. baracoana warrants species-level recognition, versus its retention as a subspecies of G. puncticulata as proposed by Fink (1970). The most recent systematic revision failed to differentiate specimens collected from the type locality of G. baracoana from G. puncticulata using morphological and nucleotide sequence characters, thus failing to gain consensus on the taxonomic status of this species (Lara et al. 2010).

" 125922864,Gambusia beebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,beebei,,,,,"Myers, 1935", 125922867,Gambusia bucheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,bucheri,,,,,"Rivas, 1944","

The Gambusia punticulata species group in Cuba (G. baracoana, G. bucheri, G. howelli, and G. monticola) have been the subject of considerable taxonomic uncertainty (Fink 1971, Rauchenberger 1989, Lara 2010). Currently, consensus regarding their taxonomic validity as distinct species is lacking (Lara et al. 2010). Further research will likely be necessary to resolve these relationships.

" 125961068,Gambusia hispaniolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,hispaniolae,,,,,"Fink, 1971", 125961121,Gambusia manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,manni,,,,,"Hubbs, 1927","

Gambusia manni was synonymized under G. hubbsi (Fink 1971) to which it is a sister species (Lydeard et al. 1995), and later re-elevated to the specific level, which may confound existing records (Rauchenberger 1989).

" 125961472,Gambusia melapleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,melapleura,,,,,"(Gosse, 1851)", 125961540,Gambusia monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,monticola,,,,,"Rivas, 1971","

The taxonomic status of Gambusia monticola is uncertain (Rauchenberger 1989, Lara et al. 2010). There is currently no consensus regarding the taxonomic validity of this species, and the most recent systematic reviews of the genus (Lara et al. 2010, Ponce de León and Rodríguez 2010) follow the more conservative assignments as subspecies by Fink (1971).

" 125961752,Gambusia pseudopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,pseudopunctata,,,,,"Rivas, 1969", 125962255,Gambusia punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,punctata,,,,,"Poey, 1854","

Recent morphological and phylogenetic analyses suggest the existence of cryptic diversity within the G. punctata species group, and considerable areas of hybridization between these putative new species (Lara et al. 2010, García-Machado et al. 2020). Recognition of evolutionarily distinct units at the species level would likely result in a non-genuine change in calculated Extent of Occurrence (EOO), and may warrant reassessment.

" 125962259,Gambusia wrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,wrayi,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 125962361,Gambusia xanthosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,xanthosoma,,,,,"Greenfield, 1983", 82466746,Craugastor saltator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,saltator,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Craugastor mexicanus by Hedges et al. (2008). 125963599,Girardinus creolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Girardinus,creolus,,,,,"Garman, 1895",

Isolation of this species to highland streams has produced high levels of divergence that may warrant further taxonomic revision (Doadrio et al. 2009). Future changes to the currently accepted species concept may warrant reassessment due to potential non-genuine changes in distribution and population size.

125963850,Girardinus denticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Girardinus,denticulatus,,,,,"Garman, 1895", 125976915,Girardinus falcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Girardinus,falcatus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1903)", 125977055,Girardinus metallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Girardinus,metallicus,,,,,"Poey, 1854",

Subpopulations in the Guanahacabibes Peninsula are highly divergent from subpopulations throughout the rest of the Cuban mainland. Additional morphologic study may elevate these distinct subpopulations to the species level (Doadrio et al. 2009).

125977650,Girardinus microdactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Girardinus,microdactylus,,,,,"Rivas, 1944", 125977961,Girardinus uninotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Girardinus,uninotatus,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 125978905,Poecilia boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,boesemani,,,,,"Poeser, 2003","

This species was previously recognized as Poecilia sphenops, and was thought to be an aquarium introduction in Trinidad (Phillip et al. 2013). Further genetic analysis suggests that it is endemic to the island of Trinidad (Poeser 2003).

" 125979553,Limia caymanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,caymanensis,,,,,"Rivas & Fink, 1970","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125979602,Poecilia dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,dominicensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1846","

Phylogenetic analysis of one sample in Haiti and two samples in the Dominican Republic, from where this this species is reported, show that this species is polyphyletic (Palacios et al. 2016). Further study may warrant taxonomic revision.

" 125979665,Poecilia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,elegans,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1948)", 125979703,Limia fuscomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,fuscomaculata,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125979710,Limia garnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,garnieri,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125979756,Limia grossidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,grossidens,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep.). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioural literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125979833,Poecilia hispaniolana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,hispaniolana,,,,,"Rivas, 1978", 125979839,Limia immaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,immaculata,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125979910,Limia melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,melanogaster,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125980030,Limia miragoanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,miragoanensis,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125980226,Limia nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,nigrofasciata,,,,,"Regan, 1913","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125980547,Limia ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,ornata,,,,,"Regan, 1913","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125980979,Limia pauciradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,pauciradiata,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125981311,Limia perugiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,perugiae,,,,,"(Evermann & Clark, 1906)","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125981340,Limia rivasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,rivasi,,,,,"Franz & Burgess, 1983","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125981966,Limia sulphurophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,sulphurophila,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","

This species was described from a single sulfidic spring on the south side of Lake Enriquillo, La Zurza. Another population was later reported from the north side of Lake Enriquillo, La Azufrada. The latter population was apparently lost to changes in Lake level. Another record from the village of Cabral is from a freshwater habitat. Clarification of the taxonomic and conservation status of this species is urgently needed.

Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention.

" 125982185,Limia versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,versicolor,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125982386,Limia vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,vittata,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1853)","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125986113,Limia yaguajali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,yaguajali,,,,,"Rivas, 1980","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 125986415,Limia zonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,zonata,,,,,"(Nichols, 1915)","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 178290336,Lucifuga dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,dentata,,,,,"Poey, 1858", 125987809,Nandopsis ramsdeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nandopsis,ramsdeni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 125987850,Nandopsis tetracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nandopsis,tetracanthus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1831)", 125989461,Poecilia vandepolli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,vandepolli,,,,,"van Lidth de Jeude, 1887", 125989524,Quintana atrizona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Quintana,atrizona,,,,,"Hubbs, 1934", 125989582,Rivulus berovidesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Rivulus,berovidesi,,,,,"Silva, 2015", 125990534,Rivulus roloffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Rivulus,roloffi,,,,,"Roloff, 1938", 125991553,Dormitator cubanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Dormitator,cubanus,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1953", 125991676,Hemibrycon taeniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,taeniurus,,,,,"(Gill, 1858)","

Existing records from the Atlantic versant of Venezuela (e.g., Román-Valencia et al. 2014) are reportedly erroneous, given previous taxonomic confusion within the current species concept (Phillip et al. 2013). Specimens from coastal basins of Venezuela are tentatively assigned to H. metae (Bertaco and Malabarba 2010). Hemibrycon guppyi was considered a junior synonym of H. taeniurus by Bertaco and Malabara (2010), who were unable to separate the former from the latter based on morphology. While some authors recognize this designation (Phillip et al. 2013), several others still include it as a valid species (Rodríguez-Olarte et al. 2009, Román-Valencia et al. 2014, García-Alzate et al. 2015, Fricke et al. 2020). In this assessment, H. guppyi is treated as junior synonym to H. taeniurus, and subpopulations that historically corresponding to the former are treated as H. taeniurus.


Further morphological and genetic analysis will likely be necessary to generate consensus regarding the validity of this species concept.

" 125991772,Hyphessobrycon axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,axelrodi,,,,,"(Travassos, 1959)",

Ongoing research regarding the phylogenetic relationships of this species indicates that it groups most closely with taxa in the subgenus Megalamphodus (Phillip et al. 2013). The most recent research suggests that it may actually be a species of Pristella (Conde-Saldaña et al. 2019).

125991919,Hoplerythrinus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ERYTHRINIDAE,Hoplerythrinus,cinereus,,,,,"(Gill, 1858)","In the absence of more comprehensive ichthyological collections from Trinidad and Tobago, H. cinereus is treated as a junior synonym of H. unitaeniatus by Phillip et al. (2013), which also occurs in the nearby Orinoco Basin. Further study is necessary to determine the taxonomic validity of this species." 58831,Philautus cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,cinerascens,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)",This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Ixalus lateralis by Bossuyt and Dubois (2001). 21574,Marosatherina ladigesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Marosatherina,ladigesi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1936)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Telmatherina ladigesi but it is now valid in the genus Marosatherina. 191285,Notropis cumingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,cumingii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 22726798,Oxypogon cyanolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oxypogon,cyanolaemus,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1880","

Oxypogon guerinii, O. cyanolaemus, O. lindenii and O. stuebelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guerinii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 176244,Monopeltis guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 176245,Monopeltis jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,jugularis,,,,,"Peters, 1880", 178716,Alsophylax przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Alsophylax,przewalskii,,,,,"Strauch, 1887", 157257,Alsophylax pipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Alsophylax,pipiens,,,,,"(Pallas, 1827)", 178432,Altiphylax stoliczkai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Altiphylax,stoliczkai,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)","There has been considerable taxonomic debate over the angular-toed or thin-toed geckos, and they have been variously assigned to Cyrtodactylus, Cyrtopodion and Tenuidactylus (Auffenberg et al. 2004). This species was referred to the genus Cyrtopodion by Auffenberg et al. (2004), following the simplified arrangement presented by Anderson (1999), and despite the assignment of this species to Altigekko by Khan (2003) Following Bauer et al. (2013) it is now treated under Altiphylax.

Gymnodactylus walli was, for a long time, considered a synonym of C. stoliczkai, until Khan (1992) provided a case to recognize G. walli as a separate species, an action subsequently supported by Auffenberg et al. (2004).

Auffenberg et al. (2004) consider Alsophylax (Altiphylax) boehmi to be a junior synonym of this species." 170382,Calotes medogensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,medogensis,,,,,"Zhao & Li, 1984", 181777,Tilapia sparrmanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tilapia,sparrmanii,,,,,"Smith, 1840", 157719,Ampedus magistrettii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,magistrettii,,,,,"Platia & Schimmel, 1988", 176272,Amblyodipsas rodhaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,rodhaini,,,,,"(De Witte, 1930)", 13264447,Atractaspis dahomeyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,dahomeyensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1887", 176278,Atractaspis reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,reticulata,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1896", 156864,Trochulus hispidus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,hispidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 126143160,Acicula miaphene,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,miaphene,,,,,"Subai, 2009", 126144053,Platyla corpulenta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,corpulenta,,,,,"Subai, 2009", 126144478,Platyla feheri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,feheri,,,,,"Subai, 2009", 174116,Gekko auriverrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,auriverrucosus,,,,,"Zhou & Liu, 1982", 63401,Enteromius afrohamiltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,afrohamiltoni,,,,,"(Crass, 1960)","Described from the Sabi River, South Africa. Populations may extend up into the Kafue, upper Zambezi and Cunene rivers, however, the taxonomic status of these  populations needs to be determined.

The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species which were previously included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu stricto. It must be noted that Enteromius afrohamiltoni formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) it has been changed to Enteromius Cope 1867 (Skelton  2016). Hybrids of E. afrohamiltoni and E. paludinosus have been found in the Kruger National Park region." 63250,Enteromius argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,argenteus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","Barbus crocodilensis (now Enteromius crocodilensis) was incorrectly synonymised and is not included in this assessment (R. Bills, pers. comm.), but is assessed separately. Taxonomic study is necessary." 63253,Enteromius breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,breviceps,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1936)", 126219629,Engraulicypris gariepinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Engraulicypris,gariepinus,,,,,"Barnard, 1943",Until recently the river sardine in southern Africa was recognised as a single widespread species in the genus Mesobola. Riddin et al. revised the group in 2016. They recognised four species in southern Africa in a monophyletic group and placed these in the genus Engraulicypris. Within South Africa two species are recognised and both spill over northern borders into neighbouring river systems/countries. Engraulicypris brevianalis is an east coast species ranging from the Mkuze River (St Lucia system) in Kwazulu-Natal to the northern Limpopo system just south of Bulawayo in Zimbabwe. Engraulicypris gariepinus occurs in the lower Orange River Ssystem below Augrabies Falls in South Africa and will probably be present in the lower Fish River in Namibia. 22735457,Eriocnemis isabellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,isabellae,,,,,"Cortés-Diago, Ortega, Mazariegos-Hurtado & Weller, 2007", 193259,Etheostoma segrex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,segrex,,,,,"Norris & Minckley, 1997", 126298616,Goniurosaurus zhoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,zhoui,,,,,"Zhou, Wang, Chen & Liang, 2018", 126299153,Hemiphyllodactylus hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,hongkongensis,,,,,"Sung, Lee, Ng, Zhang & Yang, 2018", 166534,Tor tor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,tor,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","

Frequently referred to as the ‘red-fin’ or ‘deep bodied’ mahseer, Tor tor is the type species of the genus Tor. Described as Cyprinus tor by Francis Hamilton (Hamilton 1822) from the Mahananda River, a tributary of the Ganges in Northeast Bengal, India, this species underwent numerous taxonomic revisions (see Desai 2003) before being classified under the genus Tor by Misra (1959).

" 126319882,Tor putitora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,putitora,,,,,(Hamilton 1822),

According to Catalog of Fishes Tor progeneius is now considered a synonym of Tor putitora (Hamilton 1822) and the concepts have therefore been merged in this reassessment.

168258,Tor barakae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,barakae,,,,,"Arunkumar & Basudha, 2003","Tor barakae Arunkumar and Basudha (2003) was described from the Barak River, Manipur, India. Recent research by Laskar et al. (2018) clarified the identity of the species using an integrative taxonomic approach." 187891,Tor sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,sinensis,,,,,"Wu, 1977","Tor sinensis was described by Wu (1977) from the Luosuo Jiang, Jinghong and Menghan in the upper reaches of the Mekong (Lancang Jiang) in Yunnan Province, China. " 187921,Tor laterivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,laterivittatus,,,,,"Zhou & Cui, 1996","This species is possibly a synonym of Tor sinensis from China (Roberts 1999; Kottelat 2000, 2013)." 188025,Tor polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,polylepis,,,,,"Zhou & Cui, 1996","" 188038,Tor ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,ater,,,,,"Roberts, 1999","Tor ater was described by Roberts (1999), based on three specimens collected by local fishers from Nam Theun at Ban Talang, Central Laos." 126318880,Tor dongnaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tor,dongnaiensis,,,,,"Hoang, Pham, Durand, Tran & Phan 2015",Tor dongnaiensis is a recently (2015) described species from the middle Đồng Nai drainage in Vietnam. (Hoang et al. 2015). 126319358,Neolissochilus hemispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,hemispinus,,,,,(Chen & Chu 1985),"Although described as a species of Tor (Chen & Chu 1985), recent studies using molecular markers suggest that this species should be re-assigned to the genus Neolissochilus (Zheng et al. 2016)." 63254,Enteromius brevilateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,brevilateralis,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 57507739,Enteromius cercops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,cercops,,,,,"(Whitehead, 1960)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Seegers et al. (2003) follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus.

According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius cercops (Whitehead, 1960).  " 63246,Enteromius afrovernayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,afrovernayi,,,,,"(Nichols & Boulton, 1927)", 63251,Enteromius barotseensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,barotseensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1920)","Barbus barotseensis is closely related to, possibly the same as B. annectens. Yang et al. (2015) placed B. barotseensis in Enteromius." 181562,Enteromius brevidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,brevidorsalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 182976,Enteromius ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)", 182892,Enteromius aloyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,aloyi,,,,,"(Roman, 1971)", 169472,Enteromius amanpoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,amanpoae,,,,,"(Lambert, 1961)", 182259,Enteromius aspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,aspilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 182465,Enteromius atromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,atromaculatus,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)", 182717,Enteromius bagbwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,bagbwensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1932)", 182119,Enteromius barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,barnardi,,,,,"(Jubb, 1965)", 182144,Enteromius baudoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,baudoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)","The synonymy of Barbus baudoni ubangensis is tentatively accepted here, but needs further investigation. Yang et al. (2015) placed B. baudoni into Enteromius.
Paugy et al. 2003 also recognise the fish as Barbus baudoni and shows its distribution in West Africa" 182800,Enteromius bawkuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,bawkuensis,,,,,"(Hopson, 1965)", 182041,Enteromius bigornei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,bigornei,,,,,"(Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988)","This species is related to Barbus chlorotaenia, but the latter is known only from the region to the east of the Volta (Togo, Benin and Nigeria). Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus bignornei in Enteromius." 181722,Enteromius boboi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,boboi,,,,,"(Schultz, 1942)","Barbus chlorotaenia, B. bigornei and B. inaequalis also have a large number of scales and long barbels, but B. boboi is distinguished from these species by its colour pattern (in particular, the large blotch at end of caudal peduncle), as well as by the downward flexion of the lateral line below dorsal fin.

Yang et al. (2015) placed B. boboi in Enteromius." 182608,Enteromius bourdariei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,bourdariei,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1928)", 181651,Enteromius brachygramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,brachygramma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 182718,Enteromius brazzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,brazzai,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)", 182449,Enteromius brichardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,brichardi,,,,,"(Poll & Lambert, 1959)", 182296,Enteromius cadenati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,cadenati,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)", 182321,Enteromius candens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,candens,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)", 181690,Enteromius carcharhinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,carcharhinoides,,,,,"(Stiassny, 1991)","This species is similar to Barbus cadenati, B. guineensis and B. dialonensis which also possess an ossified and serrated last unbranched fin ray.

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus carcharhinoides in Enteromius." 182357,Enteromius carens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,carens,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)", 182958,Enteromius castrasibutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,castrasibutum,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)", 181730,Enteromius catenarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,catenarius,,,,,"(Poll & Lambert, 1959)", 169445,Enteromius caudosignatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,caudosignatus,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 182961,Enteromius chicapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,chicapaensis,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)", 169447,Enteromius chiumbeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,chiumbeensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1936)", 181725,Enteromius citrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,citrinus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1920)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus citrinus in Enteromius. 182195,Enteromius clauseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,clauseni,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1976)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus clauseni in Enteromius." 182084,Enteromius collarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,collarti,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)", 182799,Enteromius condei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,condei,,,,,"(Mahnert & Géry, 1982)", 182404,Enteromius dialonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,dialonensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus dialonensis in Enteromius. 182272,Enteromius ditinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,ditinensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus ditinensis in Enteromius. 182777,Enteromius eburneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,eburneensis,,,,,"(Poll, 1941)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus eburneensis in Enteromius. 182773,Enteromius guildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,guildi,,,,,"(Loiselle, 1973)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus guildi in Enteromius. 181843,Enteromius guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,guineensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1913)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus guineensis in Enteromius. 182715,Enteromius huguenyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,huguenyi,,,,,"(Bigorne & Lévêque, 1993)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus huguenyi in Enteromius. 181941,Enteromius inaequalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,inaequalis,,,,,"(Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus inaequalis in Enteromius. 182185,Enteromius kissiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,kissiensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus kissiensis in Enteromius. 181579,Enteromius lauzannei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lauzannei,,,,,"(Lévêque & Paugy, 1982)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lauzannei in Enteromius. 182772,Enteromius leonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,leonensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus leonensis in Enteromius. 182865,Enteromius liberiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,liberiensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1894)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus liberiensis in Enteromius. 182670,Enteromius macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,macrops,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus macrops in the genus Enteromius. 182307,Enteromius melanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,melanotaenia,,,,,"(Stiassny, 1991)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus melanotaenia in Enteromius. 182845,Enteromius nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,nigeriensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus nigeriensis in Enteromius. 182645,Enteromius niokoloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,niokoloensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1959)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus niokoloensis in Enteromius. Enteromius niokoloensis is somewhat similar to E. macinensis (general body shape, scale counts, striped aspect of back). However, the barbels are slightly shorter than in E. macinensis and furthermore, the latter species has three more or less well defined spots on sides. Enteromius niokoloensis is also related to E. punctitaeniatus, but has 4.5 scales below lateral line and 12 around caudal peduncle (3.5 and 8 or 9, respectively, in E. punctitaeniatus)." 60349,Enteromius neumayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,neumayeri,,,,,"(Fischer, 1884)","

The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Seegers et al. (2003) follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus.

According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius neumayeri (Fischer 1884). The E. neumayeri group needs revision (Seegers et al. 2003).

" 63266,Enteromius mattozi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,mattozi,,,,,"(Guimarães, 1884)",Barbus mattozi is used as a restricted name. According to R. Bills (pers. comm.) the population from the Limpopo is considered Barbus rapax. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus mattozi in Enteromius. 181977,Enteromius haasianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,haasianus,,,,,"(David, 1936)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species which are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus haasianus in Enteromius." 181996,Enteromius multilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,multilineatus,,,,,"(Worthington, 1933)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus multilineatus in Enteromius. 182177,Enteromius kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,kessleri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus kessleri in Enteromius. 182344,Enteromius miolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,miolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus miolepis in Enteromius. The taxonomy of the E. eutaenia/E. miolepis group needs revision. The name B. miolepis is used here for the relatively large species with a zigzag midlateral stripe, found in the upper reaches of several Upper Zambezi tributaries." 182513,Enteromius neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,neglectus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus neglectus in Enteromius. 182669,Enteromius fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus fasciolatus in Enteromius. 182699,Enteromius lujae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lujae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lujae in Enteromius. 182730,Enteromius holotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,holotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)",Armbruster et al. (2015) placed Barbus holotaenia in Enteromius. 182898,Enteromius neefi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,neefi,,,,,"(Greenwood, 1962)","The southern population, in the Limpopo system in South Africa, is now considered to be a separate species. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus neefi in Enteromius." 60419,Enteromius lornae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lornae,,,,,"(Ricardo-Bertram, 1943)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species which are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lornae in Enteromius." 169428,Enteromius deguidei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,deguidei,,,,,"(Matthes, 1964)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus deguidei in Enteromius. 181790,Enteromius guirali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,guirali,,,,,"(Thominot, 1886)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus guirali in Enteromius. 181940,Enteromius janssensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,janssensi,,,,,"(Poll, 1976)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus janssensi in Enteromius. 182061,Enteromius hulstaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,hulstaerti,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus hulstaerti in Enteromius. 182079,Enteromius nigrifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,nigrifilis,,,,,"(Nichols, 1928)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus nigrifilis in Enteromius. 182083,Enteromius martorelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,martorelli,,,,,"(Roman, 1971)",Armbruster et al. (2015) placed Barbus martorelli in Enteromius. 182170,Enteromius nounensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,nounensis,,,,,"(Van den Bergh & Teugels, 1998)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus nounensis in Enteromius. 182190,Enteromius diamouanganai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,diamouanganai,,,,,"(Teugels & Mamonekene, 1992)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus diamouanganai in Enteromius. 182196,Enteromius marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,marmoratus,,,,,"(David & Poll, 1937)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus marmoratus in Enteromius. 182201,Enteromius machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,machadoi,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus machadoi in Enteromius. 182218,Enteromius kuiluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,kuiluensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1930)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus kuiluensis in Enteromius. 182225,Enteromius kamolondoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,kamolondoensis,,,,,"(Poll, 1938)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus kamolondoensis in Enteromius. 182233,Enteromius jae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,jae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)",The taxonomy and geographical distribution of this species are complex (Van den Bergh and Teugals 1998). Armbruster et al. (2015) placed Barbus jae in Enteromius. 182242,Enteromius erythrozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,erythrozonus,,,,,"(Poll & Lambert, 1959)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus erythrozonus in Enteromius. 182301,Enteromius lamani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lamani,,,,,"(Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1920)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lamani in Enteromius. 182423,Enteromius mediosquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,mediosquamatus,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus mediosquamatus in Enteromius. 182755,Enteromius matthesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,matthesi,,,,,"(Poll & Gosse, 1963)",Hayes and Armbruster (2017) placed Barbus matthesi in Enteromius. 182762,Enteromius nigroluteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,nigroluteus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1930)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus nigroluteus in Enteromius. 182792,Enteromius lukindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lukindae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lukindae in Enteromius. 182896,Enteromius lukusiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lukusiensis,,,,,"(David & Poll, 1937)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lukusiensis in Enteromius. 182970,Enteromius luluae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,luluae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1930)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus luluae in Enteromius. 183022,Enteromius humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,humeralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus humeralis in Enteromius. 182057,Enteromius deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,deserti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus deserti in the genus Enteromius. 63256,Enteromius dorsolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,dorsolineatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1936)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus dorsolineatus in Enteromius. 63257,Labeobarbus ensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,ensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus ensis in Enteromius, but it was subsequently moved to Labeobarbus by Vreven et al. (2016)." 63258,Enteromius evansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,evansi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1930)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus evansi in Enteromius. 63260,Enteromius greenwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,greenwoodi,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus greenwoodi in Enteromius. 63265,Enteromius manicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,manicensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1919)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus manicensis in Enteromius. The types of both E. manicensis Pellegrin, 1919 (MNHM 1919-0487) and E. hondeensis Maar, 1962 (QVM F 151) have been examined. The specimens are significantly different sizes, however, and they appear to be different species with E. hondeesis being a larger species with a heavily serrated strong dorsal fin spine. Further study is needed and an assessment of the distributions of the two determined. At present E. manicensis is known from the Buzi River system and E. hondeesis is known from the Pungwe River system." 63267,Enteromius mocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,mocoensis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1936)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus mocoensis in Enteromius. 63268,Enteromius musumbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,musumbi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus musumbi in Enteromius. 159250,Amolops minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,minutus,,,,,"Orlov & Ho, 2007", 61311,Enteromius jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,jacksoni,,,,,"(Günther, 1889)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Seegers et al. (2003) follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus.

According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius jacksoni (Günther 1889). 

This species is also reported under the name Barbus nummifer Boulenger, 1904, a junior synonym (Seegers et al. 2003)." 61226,Enteromius laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,laticeps,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1889)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus laticeps in Enteromius. 176284,Xenocalamus michellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Xenocalamus,michellii,,,,,"Müller, 1911", 61273,Enteromius loveridgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,loveridgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius loveridgii (Boulenger 1916)." 61209,Enteromius lufukiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,lufukiensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lufukiensis in Enteromius." 61301,Enteromius luikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,luikae,,,,,"(Ricardo, 1939)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. However, no attempts have yet been made at an adequate nomenclature of the African forms. We therefore follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use in this paper the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus (Seegers et al., unpub).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus luikae in Enteromius." 18214570,Cynoglossus sinusarabici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,sinusarabici,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1931)", 60360,Enteromius magdalenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,magdalenae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Seegers et al. (2003) follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus. According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius magdalenae (Boulenger 1906). " 13265887,Naja katiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,katiensis,,,,,"Angel, 1922", 203844,Hemidactylus makolowodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,makolowodei,,,,,"Bauer, Chirio, Ineich & Talla Kouete, 2006", 203847,Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,pseudomuriceus,,,,,"Henle & Böhme, 2003", 203830,Hemitheconyx caudicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Hemitheconyx,caudicinctus,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)", 13292157,Myriopholis narirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,narirostris,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","This species was assigned from Leptotyphlops to Myriopholis by Adalsteinsson et al. (2009)." 178610,Urocotyledon weileri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Urocotyledon,weileri,,,,,"(Müller, 1909)",The relationship between this species and Urocotyledon palmeri requires additional research. 177814,Cnemaspis koehleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,koehleri,,,,,"Mertens, 1937", 60327,Enteromius mimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,mimus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus mimus in Enteromius." 178495,Atheris chlorechis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atheris,chlorechis,,,,,"(Pel, 1851)", 178456,Leptosiaphos pauliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,pauliani,,,,,"(Angel, 1940)", 178718,Leptosiaphos rhodurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,rhodurus,,,,,"Laurent, 1951", 178358,Letheobia feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,feae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","The conspecific nature of the populations from each island needs review, as these may represent distinct species." 178675,Letheobia stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1931)", 178664,Panaspis africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,africana,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 178573,Panaspis helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,helleri,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 61313,Enteromius nyanzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,nyanzae,,,,,"(Whitehead, 1960)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Seegers et al. (2003) follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus.

According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius nyanzae (Whitehead, 1960)." 126552466,Pseudocalotes baliomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,baliomus,,,,,"Harvey, Shaney, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017", 126552767,Lophocalotes achlios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Lophocalotes,achlios,,,,,"Harvey, Scrivani, Shaney, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2018", 126553059,Cnemaspis mumpuniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,mumpuniae,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Onn, Quah & Pauwels, 2014","Lowland populations close to villages may belong to a different, undescribed species (A. Riyanto pers. comm. 2019)." 126553196,Cnemaspis sundagekko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,sundagekko,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Onn, Quah & Pauwels, 2014", 126553274,Cnemaspis sundainsula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,sundainsula,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Onn, Quah & Pauwels, 2014", 126553295,Cnemaspis purnamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,purnamai,,,,,"Riyanto, Hamidy, Sidik & Gunalen, 2017", 126554652,Cnemaspis rajabasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,rajabasa,,,,,"Amarasinghe, Harvey, Riyanto & Smith, 2015", 126554768,Cyrtodactylus celatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,celatus,,,,,"Kathriner, Bauer, O'Shea, Sanchez & Kaiser, 2014", 126554894,Cyrtodactylus hitchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,hitchi,,,,,"Riyanto, Kurniati & Engilis, 2016", 126555212,Cyrtodactylus psarops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,psarops,,,,,"Harvey, O'Connell, Barraza, Riyanto, Kurniawan & Smith, 2015", 126555503,Cyrtodactylus semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,semicinctus,,,,,"Harvey, O'Connell, Barraza, Riyanto, Kurniawan & Smith, 2015", 126555554,Cyrtodactylus tambora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tambora,,,,,"Riyanto, Mulyadi, McGuire, Kusrini, Febylasmia, Basyir & Kaiser, 2017", 126555607,Dendragama australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Dendragama,australis,,,,,"Harvey, Shaney, Sidik, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017", 126555644,Dendragama dioidema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Dendragama,dioidema,,,,,"Harvey, Shaney, Sidik, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017", 126555714,Lepidodactylus pantai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,pantai,,,,,"Stubbs, Karin, Arifin, Iskandar, Arida, Reilly, Bloch, Kusnadi & McGuire, 2017",Stubbs et al. (2017) cautioned that further research is required to confirm that the Kei Kecil and Kur populations are conspecific; records from both islands were subsequently assigned to this species without comment by Karin et al. (2018). 169813,Lepidodactylus labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,labialis,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)","Gekko labialis was transferred to Pseudogekko by Brown and Alcala (1978), who however recognized that the holotype resembled a Lepidodactylus. A review of Pseudogekko several decades later concluded that G. labialis should be referred to Lepidodactylus (Siler et al. 2014).

This confusion has complicated targeted searches endeavouring to rediscover the species, as these have been focused on locating Pseudogekko rather than Lepidodactylus (R. Brown pers. comm. 2022)." 126557895,Pseudogekko brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pseudogekko,brevipes,,,,,"(Boettger, 1867)","Siler et al. (2014) found that a deep genetic divergence existed within Pseudogekko brevipes as then understood, corresponding to the two recognized faunal regions where the species occurred. Subsequently, Davis et al. (2015) described the Visayan lineage as the new species P. atiorum, restricting P. brtevipes to the Mindanao faunal region. These authors redescribed P. brevipes, whose original description lacked detail." 196327,Glossogobius bicirrhosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,bicirrhosus,,,,,"(Weber, 1894)", 126558666,Pseudogekko compressicorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pseudogekko,compressicorpus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1915)","Siler et al. (2014a) conducted a taxonomic reappraisal of Pseudogekko compressicorpus based on a morphological study of the the available material (the holotype having been destroyed during WWII) combined with recent genetic research (Siler et al. 2014a,b). These authors identified four candidate species within the P. compressicorpus complex, with P. compressicorpus sensu stricto potentially being restricted to Luzon, and recommend further research to clarify species and geographical boundaries." 126559642,Pseudogekko ditoy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pseudogekko,ditoy,,,,,"Siler, Welton, Davis, Watters, Davey, Diesmos, Diesmos & Brown, 2014", 126560425,Pseudogekko sumiklab,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pseudogekko,sumiklab,,,,,"Siler, Davis, Watters, Freitas, Griffith, Binaday, Lobos Amarga & Brown, 2017", 126560989,Rabdion grovesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Rabdion,grovesi,,,,,"Amarasinghe, Vogel, McGuire, Sidik, Supriatna & Ineich, 2015", 171369,Oxychilus furtadoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,furtadoi,,,,,"Frias Martins, 1989", 22714047,Zosterops rotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,rotensis,,,,,"Takatsukasa & Yamashina, 1931", 45092131,Crax pinima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,pinima,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1870","Crax fasciolata and C. pinna (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as Crax fasciolata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 126707333,Lentipes mekonggaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,mekonggaensis,,,,,"Keith & Hadiaty, 2014", 45090397,Pauxi unicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pauxi,unicornis,,,,,"Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939","Pauxi unicornis and P. koepckeae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. unicornis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 182464,Enteromius pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,pumilus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)",Hayes and Armbruster (2017) placed Barbus pumilus in Enteromius. 60372,Enteromius oligogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,oligogrammus,,,,,"(David, 1937)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species which are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus oligogrammus in Enteromius." 63270,Enteromius poechii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,poechii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1911)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus poechii in Enteromius. 169458,Enteromius owenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,owenae,,,,,"(Ricardo-Bertram, 1943)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus owenae in Enteromius. 181641,Enteromius petchkovskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,petchkovskyi,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus petchkovskyi in Enteromius. 181881,Enteromius prionacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,prionacanthus,,,,,"(Mahnert & Géry, 1982)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus prionacanthus in Enteromius. 182415,Enteromius pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Poll & Gosse, 1963)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus pygmaeus in Enteromius. 182601,Enteromius papilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,papilio,,,,,"(Banister & Bailey, 1979)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus papilio in Enteromius. 182841,Enteromius parajae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,parajae,,,,,"(Van den Bergh & Teugels, 1998)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus parajae in Enteromius. 182879,Enteromius okae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,okae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1949)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus okae in Enteromius. 60301,Enteromius pseudotoppini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,pseudotoppini,,,,,"(Seegers, 1996)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus pseudotoppini in Enteromius." 60373,Enteromius olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,olivaceus,,,,,"(Seegers, 1996)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus olivaceus in Enteromius. 169463,Enteromius profundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,profundus,,,,,"(Greenwood, 1970)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Seegers et al. (2003) follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus. According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius profundus (Greenwood 1970).
" 63269,Enteromius pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,pallidus,,,,,"(Smith, 1841)","Enteromius pallidus was described by Smith (1838-47) and the type locality was vaguely listed as ‘various parts of the Cape Colony’ (Eschmeyer 2018). The original specimens that were used for the description could have thus been collected from any of the southern coastal river systems in the present day Eastern Cape Province of South Africa where this species is known to occur. Barnard (1943) considered that the type locality is likely to have been a coastal stream as Smith conducted most of his expeditions from Port Elizabeth. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the specimens that were used for the original description of this species were obtained from rivers within the vicinity of Port Elizabeth, for example the Baakens or Swartkops River Systems. Enteromius pallidus as currently described has a disjunct distribution divided into northern (tributaries of the Orange-Vaal, Tugela, Mfolozi, Pongolo, Incomati and Limpopo river systems) and southern populations (several coastal rivers in the Eastern Province, from the Krom to the Great Fish) (Skelton, 2001). However, a recent study revealed species-level genetic divergence between the northern and southern populations of E. pallidus, indicating that the northern lineage may represent an undescribed species (Chakona et al., 2015). A detailed investigation is underway to determine the taxonomic distinctiveness of the northern and southern lineages of E. pallidus." 181702,Enteromius parablabes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,parablabes,,,,,"(Daget, 1957)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus parablabes in Enteromius. 163879,Wahnesia simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,simplex,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)","The genera Metagrion (type species Argiolestes postnodalis) and Wahnesia (type species Argiolestes kirbyi) were not in use for over 70 years, but were reinstated by Kalkman and Theischinger in 2013, resulting in Argiolestes simplex now becoming Wahnesia simplex (Kalkman and Theischinger 2013)." 22720734,Psittirostra psittacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Psittirostra,psittacea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 2811,Birgus latro,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,COENOBITIDAE,Birgus,latro,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 163812,Sarasaeschna martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,martini,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1921)","This species was transferred to Sarasaeschna by Karube and Yeh in 2001. See Lieftinck (1968) for an account of the confused history of this species. The type specimen, a female, has been lost, and the only known male was described as Aeshna nigripes, which Fraser later regarded as a junior synonym of S. martini." 163587,Sarasaeschna pramoti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,pramoti,,,,,"(Yeh, 2000)",This species was transferred to Sarasaeschna by Karube and Yeh in 2001. The female of S. pramoti is unknown. 163684,Sarasaeschna speciosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,speciosa,,,,,"(Karube, 1998)",The female is unknown. This species was transferred to Sarasaeschna by Karube and Yeh in 2001. 163599,Sarasaeschna decorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,decorata,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1968)",This species was transferred to Sarasaeschna by Karube and Yeh in 2001. Only the female is known. 163708,Sarasaeschna khasiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,khasiana,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1968)",This species was transferred to Sarasaeschna by Karube and Yeh in 2001. The female is unknown. 191759,Poeciliopsis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,gracilis,,,,,"(Heckel, 1848)", 163831,Metagrion connectens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,connectens,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)","The genera Metagrion (type species Argiolestes postnodalis) and Wahnesia (type species Argiolestes kirbyi)were not in use for over 70 years, but were reinstated by Kalkman and Theischinger in 2013, resulting in Argiolestes connectens now becoming Metagrion connectens (Kalkman and Theischinger 2013)." 62290750,Charadrius obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,obscurus,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","Charadrius obscurus and C. aquilonius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. obscurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 163897,Wahnesia kirbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,kirbyi,,,,,"Foster, 1900","The genera Metagrion (type species Argiolestes postnodalis) and Wahnesia (type species Argiolestes kirbyi) were not in use for over 70 years, but were reinstated by Kalkman and Theischinger in 2013." 163834,Wahnesia luteipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,luteipes,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1956)","The genera Metagrion (type species Argiolestes postnodalis) and Wahnesia (type species Argiolestes kirbyi) were not in use for over 70 years, but were reinstated by Kalkman and Theischinger in 2013, resulting in Argiolestes luteipes now becoming Wahnesia luteipes (Kalkman and Theischinger 2013)." 163544,Archiargiolestes pusillissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Archiargiolestes,pusillissimus,,,,,"Kennedy, 1925","This species was described as Archiargiolestes pusillissimus (Kennedy 1925). Further taxonomic history is provided by Watson (1977), Houston and Watson (1988), Theischinger and Hawking (2006), and Kalkman and Theischinger (2013)." 163533,Archiargiolestes pusillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Archiargiolestes,pusillus,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1908)",This species was described as Argiolestes mimimus pusillus (Tillyard 1908) and raised to species rank (Kennedy 1925). A more complete taxonomic history is provided by Watson (1977) and Houston and Watson (1988). Theischinger (1998) transferred this species to Archiargiolestes. 169290,Luzonargiolestes realensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Luzonargiolestes,realensis,,,,,"(Gapud & Recuenco, 1993)","Kalkman and Theischinger (2013) described four new genera: Eoargiolestes (New Caledonia, type species Sympecma ochracea Montrouzier, 1864), Luzonargiolestes (Philippines, type species Argiolestes realensis Gapud & Recuenco, 1993), Solomonargiolestes (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea and Malaita, Solomon Islands, type species Argiolestes bougainville Kalkman, 2008) and Pyrrhargiolestes (Papua New Guinea, type species Argiolestes sidonia Martin, 1909)." 167084,Atrocalopteryx atrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Atrocalopteryx,atrata,,,,,"(Sélys, 1853)","Hämäläinen (2005) considered Calopteryx grandaeva Sélys, 1853 must be treated as a synonym of Atrocalopteryx atrata (Sélys, 1853). Chao (1962) synonymised Vestalis tristis Navás with atrata." 22692857,Pareudiastes silvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Pareudiastes,silvestris,,,,,"(Mayr, 1933)",Pareudiastes silvestris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallinula. 167411,Atrocalopteryx coomani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Atrocalopteryx,coomani,,,,,"(Fraser, 1935)",Hämäläinen (2014) transferred Calopteryx coomani to Atrocalopteryx. 167481,Atrocalopteryx laosica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Atrocalopteryx,laosica,,,,,"(Fraser, 1933)",Hämäläinen (2014) transferred Calopteryx laosica to Atrocalopteryx. 167079,Atrocalopteryx melli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Atrocalopteryx,melli,,,,,"(Ris, 1912)",Hämäläinen (2014) transferred Calopteryx melli to Atrocalopteryx. 174511,Atrocalopteryx oberthuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Atrocalopteryx,oberthuri,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1894)","

Hämäläinen (2014) transferred Calopteryx oberthuri to Atrocalopteryx. Calopteryx grahami (Needham, 1930) is a junior synonym of A. oberthueri. Both names are still in use in Chinese literature (for instance Hua 2000; Wang 2007), although C. grahami was synonymized by Asahina (1977). In some publications and world odonate lists A. oberthueri has been erronously placed in the genus Matrona. The wrong combination Matrona oberthueri originates from an error by Fraser (1924), who misidentified a (still unnamed) Matrona taxon as Calopteryx oberthueri.

" 136780,Cryptotis tamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,tamensis,,,,,"Woodman, 2002",There is a report of one individual from the Venezuelan side of the Serrania de Perija (Duarte and Viloria 1992) as well as one individual from the Colombian side (Carlos Delgado pers. comm.) that may represent this species or an undescribed species (Woodman 2002). 41379,Cryptotis thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,thomasi,,,,,"(Merriam, 1897)",Woodman (1996) redefined the species and included avia as a synonym. 45090459,Pauxi koepckeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pauxi,koepckeae,,,,,"Weske & Terborgh, 1971","Pauxi unicornis and P. koepckeae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. unicornis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 181973,Enteromius pleurogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,pleurogramma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus pleurogramma in Enteromius. 181985,Labeobarbus gestetneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,gestetneri,,,,,"(Banister & Bailey, 1979)","There is very little information available about Labeobarbus gestetneri. It is only known from 13 specimens. Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus gestetneri in Enteromius. Vreven et al. (2016) subsequently moved the species to Labeobarbus." 182630,Labeobarbus macroceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,macroceps,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus macroceps in Enteromius. Vreven et al. (2016) subsequently moved the species to Labeobarbus." 182913,Labeobarbus dartevellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,dartevellei,,,,,"(Poll, 1945)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus dartvellei in Enteromius. Vreven et al. (2016) subsequently moved the species to Labeobarbus." 63261,Labeobarbus gulielmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,gulielmi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus gulielmi in Enteromius. Vreven et al. (2016) subsequently moved the species to Labeobarbus." 63275,Enteromius roussellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,roussellei,,,,,"(Ladiges & Voelker, 1961)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus roussellei in Enteromius." 181828,Enteromius rouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,rouxi,,,,,"(Daget, 1961)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus rouxi in Enteromius." 182571,Enteromius stanleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,stanleyi,,,,,"(Poll & Gosse, 1974)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus stanleyi in Enteromius." 182651,Enteromius syntrechalepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,syntrechalepis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1949)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus syntrechalepis in Enteromius." 182739,Enteromius rubrostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,rubrostigma,,,,,"(Poll & Lambert, 1964)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus rubrostigma in Enteromius." 182939,Enteromius stauchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,stauchi,,,,,"(Daget, 1967)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus stauchi in Enteromius.

Enteromius stauchi may be conspecific with E. rubrostigma, its description was based on preserved specimens and its colour pattern in life has not been recorded. In his description of Barbus stauchi, Daget (1967) did not compare it with Barbus miolepis rubrostigma. He was either unaware of this publication, or he considered it significantly different, since it entirely lacks serration on the last simple dorsal ray that Poll and Lambert (1964) erroneously reported as present in their description of Barbus miolepis rubrostigma. None of the type specimens nor any other specimen of E. rubrostigma examined shows the presence of a serrated last simple dorsal ray." 60420,Enteromius quadralineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,quadralineatus,,,,,"(David, 1937)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus quadrilineatus in Enteromius." 61239,Enteromius sexradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,sexradiatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Seegers et al. (2003) follow Berrebi et al. (1996) and use the term ‘Barbus’ for the cyprinid fish species which were previously considered as Barbus.

According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius sexradiatus (Boulenger 1911).

A dubious species only known from the holotype (Seegers et al. 2003)." 61255,Enteromius quadripunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,quadripunctatus,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1896)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus quadripunctatus in Enteromius." 61297,Enteromius serengetiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,serengetiensis,,,,,"(Farm, 2000)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Farm (2000) follows Berrebi et al. (1996) and uses in his paper the term ‘Barbus’ referring to all species of Barbus sensu lato, which cannot be placed in a proper genus or allocated to an already existing genus. This includes all sub-Saharan African species (Farm 2000).

According to Yang et al. (2015) the valid name for this species is Enteromius serengetiensis (Farm, 2000). 

" 22707294,Symposiachrus boanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,boanensis,,,,,"(van Bemmel, 1939)",Symposiachrus boanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha boanensis. 191742,Phallichthys fairweatheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phallichthys,fairweatheri,,,,,"Rosen & Bailey, 1959", 22700827,Calyptura cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Calyptura,cristata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 191788,Xiphophorus multilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,multilineatus,,,,,"Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990", 191789,Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,nezahualcoyotl,,,,,"Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot, 1990", 59783,Aciagrion heterostictum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,heterostictum,,,,,"Fraser, 1955",Pinhey (1972) described the Ugandan record as subspecies karamoja. 159005,Schizocordulia rustica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Schizocordulia,rustica,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1871)","Machado (2005) erected the genus Schizocordulia for this species, based on its cleft male epiproct, long inner branch of hamule, pilose plate on male sternum 7 and large vulvar lamina. Garrison et al. (2006) regarded these differences as specific rather than generic." 167316,Agriocnemis splendidissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,splendidissima,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1919","
" 169275,Paracercion luzonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,luzonicum,,,,,"(Asahina, 1968)",Weekers and Dumont (2004) transferred all eastern Asian Cercion species to Paracercion. 163753,Paracercion malayanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,malayanum,,,,,"(Sélys, 1876)",Weekers and Dumont (2004) transferred all eastern Asian Cercion species to Paracercion. 184962,Platycypha bamptoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,bamptoni,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1975)","This species appeared on the IUCN Red List until 2016 as Chlorocypha crocea ssp. bambtoni. However, the correct spelling of the name was Chlorocypha crocea ssp. bamptoni. The subspecies was also promoted to species level. Kipping et al. (2017) transferred the blue Chlorocypha species endemic to Angola to the genus Platycypha." 63170,Platycypha rubriventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Platycypha,rubriventris,,,,,"(Pinhey, 1975)",Kipping et al. (2017) transferred the blue Chlorocypha species endemic to Angola to the genus Platycypha. 127530581,Plecturocebus urubambensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,urubambensis,,,,,"Vermeer & Tello-Alvarado, 2015","The dark brown specimens labeled as coming from “Mouth Río Inuya, Río Urubamba” and “Boca Río Urubamba”, collected by the Ollala brothers and presently in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History were identified by Hershkovitz (1990) as belonging to Callicebus brunneus. However, after observation in the wild and a study of museum specimens, the brownish titi monkeys from southern Peru were described as a new species, Callicebus urubambensis (Vermeer and Tello-Alvarado, 2015). The authors included the species in the group donacophilus, one of the five species group of the genus Callicebus sensu Kobayashi (1995). In a recent taxonomic review, Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three genera, namely: Cheracebus, Plecturocebus and Callicebus, and included the donacophilus species group as member of the newly named genus Plecturocebus." 127530624,Plecturocebus toppini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,toppini,,,,,"Thomas, 1914","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 23 species. Since the taxonomic revisions of Hershkovitz (1963, 1990), the titi monkeys living in northern Bolivia and southern Peru were considered to be P. brunneus. The result is that a karyotype of 2n=48 was attributed to P. brunneus (Minezawa et al. 1989) and that many authors referred to titi monkeys observed in that region as being P. brunneus (v. Castro et al. 1990; Buchanan-Smith et al. 2000; Porter 2001; Rowe & Martinez 2003; Phillips et al. 2004).  However, new evidence shows that the animals in that region should be identified as P. toppini (v. Martinez & Wallace 2013; Porter et al. 2013; Vermeer & Tello-Alvarado 2015)." 163530,Austrocoenagrion lyelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austrocoenagrion,lyelli,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)","The original description was based on a pair, collected from Gisborne, Victoria (Tillyard 1913). Later taxonomic information is provided by Houston and Watson (1988). Dijkstra et al. (2014) transferred this species from Coenagrion to Austrocoenagrion." 167303,Coenagrion exclamationis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,exclamationis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1920)",
 167445,Pseudocopera annulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Pseudocopera,annulata,,,,,"(Sélys, 1863)","This species was originally described from Shanghai under the genus Psilocnemis Sélys, but the Psilocnemis name was preoccupied, and Kirby (1890) subsequently replaced it with Copera. A number of southern Chinese records of annulata have been misidentifications of the similar Copera ciliata Sélys (now Pseudocopera ciliata), described from Malacca and Sumatra, which was treated as a synonym until Asahina (1984) clarified the difference between the two species. Dijkstra et al. (2014) transferred this species from Copera to Pseudocopera." 167066,Pseudocopera ciliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Pseudocopera,ciliata,,,,,"(Selys, 1863)","

Asahina (1984) separated Copera ciliata from C. annulata (Selys, 1863). Prior to this it had been regarded as a form of C. annulata. Dijkstra et al. (2014) transferred both C. annulata and C. ciliata from Copera to Pseudocopera.

" 167351,Pseudocopera superplatypes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Pseudocopera,superplatypes,,,,,"(Fraser, 1927)","Dijkstra et al. (2014) transferred this species from Copera to Pseudocopera.
" 22678525,Crax alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,alberti,,,,,"Fraser, 1852", 182759,Enteromius eutaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,eutaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus eutaenia in Enteromius. There has been considerable confusion over the identity of E. eutaenia and E. miolepis (Boulenger, 1902). At least six distinct species were recognised in this group in a survey of the Upper Zambezi system in Zambia (Tweddle et al. 2004). For the purpose of this assessment, E. eutaenia is the species illustrated under this name in Skelton (2001), but it must be recognised that this identification may change in future. The southeast African species (from Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland) is also recognised as distinct in this database, under the name ""eutaenia cf. Southern Africa"". Populations from the Buzi River in central Mozambique were incorrectly identified as E. eutaenia by Bell-Cross (1988) - they are in fact E. manicensis.

Enteromius eutaenia-like minnows occur throughout southern and central Africa and they are clearly a species complex. Enteromius eutaenia (Boulenger, 1904) was described from Angola. The southern African/Swaziland species is recognised here as distinct. Further taxonomic study of this 'group' is needed.

In Malawi there are two populations in the E. eutaenia complex. The Ruo form, for which a photo is supplied, is recognised as distinct genetically from other components of the species complex (T. Makinen, pers. comm.). In the north of Lake Malawi, another form is found in the inflowing Rufilyo River in Tanzania near the Malawi border (SAIAB collection no 54766), and old specimens from near Nkhata Bay are present in the BMHH collection." 63277,Enteromius unitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,unitaeniatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)","This species formerly belonged to the genus Barbus, but following the work of Yang et al. (2015) it has been transferred to the genus Enteromius (Skelton 2016). Enteromius unitaeniatus was originally described based on specimens collected from Angola (but there are no specific details of the actual type locality). Morphologically similar specimens have been collected from the Zambian Congo, but they differ from the southern African specimens in having orange fins and a bold black midlateral stripe. The southern-most populations are in the Phongolo River in Swaziland, Mozambique and South Africa and so it is present as many isolated populations throughout its range. This indicates that a taxonomic review of Enteromius unitaeniatus is necessary." 90985958,Dermogenys bruneiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Dermogenys,bruneiensis,,,,,"Meisner, 2001", 127827012,Mesoplodon ginkgodens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,ginkgodens,,,,,"Nishiwaki & Kamiya, 1958","

At least some specimens previously identified as M. ginkgodens have been re-identified as the recently resurrected M. hotaula (Dalebout et al. 2014), which has resulted in some confusion about the distribution of both species.  

" 114619056,Asymblepharus sikimmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Asymblepharus,sikimmensis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)", 176622,Boiga multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,multifasciata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1861)", 170377,Calotes minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,minor,,,,,"(Hardwicke & Gray, 1827)", 164710,Cyrtopodion agamuroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,agamuroides,,,,,"(Nikolsky, 1900)", 178251,Cyrtopodion fortmunroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,fortmunroi,,,,,"(Khan, 1993)", 178397,Cyrtopodion potoharense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,potoharense,,,,,"Khan, 2001", 199732,Eumeces cholistanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eumeces,cholistanensis,,,,,"Masroor, 2009", 199730,Eumeces indothalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eumeces,indothalensis,,,,,"Khan & Khan, 1997", 178490,Hemidactylus imbricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,imbricatus,,,,,"Bauer, Giri, Greenbaum, Jackman, Dharne & Schouche, 2008","Bauer et al. (2008) synonymized Teratolepis with Hemidactylus which rendered Hemidactylus fasciatus (Blyth, 1853) a junior secondary homonym of Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray, 1842. Bauer et al. (2008) therefore proposed the new name Hemidactylus imbricatus for the species previously known as H. fasciatus. Bauer et al. (2008) also state that Blyth’s paper most likely had been published in 1853, not 1854 as often cited, although the volume itself is dated ""1854"".

There is a need for comparison of Pakistani material with the Indian holotype to clarify whether the records from both countries represent the same species (V. Giri pers. comm. 2019)." 178570,Indotyphlops tenuicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,tenuicollis,,,,,"(Peters, 1864)", 178715,Mediodactylus walli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Mediodactylus,walli,,,,,"(Ingoldby, 1922)","This species was considered a synonym of Gymnodactylus stoliczkai until its reclassification by Khan (1992). Its correct generic placement has been under dispute, with different authors treating it under Gymnodactylus, Cyrtodactylus, Tenuidactylus, Cyrtopodion and now Mediodactylus." 178193,Microgecko depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Microgecko,depressus,,,,,"(Minton & Anderson, 1965)",


176671,Mintonophis pakistanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Mintonophis,pakistanicus,,,,,"(Mertens, 1959)", 178671,Ophiomorus raithmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ophiomorus,raithmai,,,,,"Anderson & Leviton, 1966", 22872,Varanus flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VARANIDAE,Varanus,flavescens,,,,,"(Hardwicke & Gray, 1827)", 127901942,Sitana fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,fusca,,,,,"Schleich & Kästle, 1998", 127901955,Sitana laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,laticeps,,,,,"Deepak & Giri, 2016", 127901978,Sitana marudhamneydhal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,marudhamneydhal,,,,,"Deepak, Khandekar, Varma & Chaitanya, 2016","Sitana attenboroughi was described from three specimens from a single locality at the northern range limit of Sitana marudhamneydhal. This description was based on a qualitative morphological character that appears to exhibit overlap with S. marudhamneydhal, and the describing authors' genetic phylogeny suggests that it differs by 2.2% (based on ND2 alone) from a sample of marudhamneydhal and less than 2% from a second specimen which they identified as ""Sitana sp."" and which, based on low genetic divergence from S. marudhamneydhal, is considered also to represent this species (V. Deepak and N.S. Naruyanan pers. comm. 2019). As other members of this group have been delimited based on greater morphological evidence, larger sample sizes, and sequence data - including multiple genes - that exhibit 3% divergence using ND2, this is considered insufficient evidence to recognize Sitana attenboroughi as a valid species, and this account follows the recommendation of V. Deepak (pers. comm. 2019) in retaining it within S. marudhamneydhal pending further research." 127902046,Sitana schleichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,schleichi,,,,,"Anders & Kästle, 2002", 127902059,Sitana sivalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,sivalensis,,,,,"Schleich, Kästle & Shah, 1998", 127902072,Sitana spinaecephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,spinaecephalus,,,,,"Deepak, Vyas & Giri, 2016","There is a need for a taxonomic revision of this widespread and seemingly generalist species, and it is widely expected that it will prove to be a species complex." 127902161,Sitana bahiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,bahiri,,,,,"Amarasinghe, Ineich & Karunarathna, 2015","Amarasinghe et al. (2015) revised Sitana ponticeriana, removing S. deccanensis from synonymy and describing two new species - S. bahiri and S. devakai - from Sri Lanka. Subsequently, Deepak et al. (2018) suggested that S. bahiri should be considered a junior synonym of S. ponticeriana, citing morphological and molecular evidence reported in previous papers that suggested ""extensive overlap between S. ponticeriana and S. bahiri"". Confusingly, Deepak et al. (2016b), the paper they cite in support of the morphological similarity, makes no reference to the two taxa being difficult to diagnose morphologically, describes distinct differences in dewlap size, and provides distribution records for S. bahiri that appear not to correspond to the known range of the species recognized under this name by Amarasinghe et al. (2015) (but may represent records of ""Sitana cf. bahiri"", a genetically similar form that Deepak et al. 2016a explicitly refrained from referring to S. bahiri). Due to this confusion, it is unclear whether the molecular evidence referred to by Deepak et al. (2018) correspond to the original concept of S. bahiri. As these authors provided no novel data to resolve this confusion, S. bahiri is here treated as a valid species pending further taxonomic research." 127902191,Sitana devakai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,devakai,,,,,"Amarasinghe, Ineich & Karunarathna, 2015","This species was described from Sri Lankan material previously considered to represent Sitana ponticeriana (Amarasinghe et al. 2015). Molecular studies are needed to clarify species limits between this species, bahiri and ponticeriana. The status of an undescribed population from northeastern Sri Lanka, removed from S. ponticeriana by Amarasinghe et al. (2015), is presently being investigated and may affect range limits in S. devakai." 127903277,Oligodon erythrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,erythrogaster,,,,,"Boulenger, 1907", 127903363,Oligodon kheriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,kheriensis,,,,,"Acharji & Ray, 1936","

This taxon was considered a valid species of the Oligodon cyclurus group (David et al. 2011). Previously, it had also been regarded as a synonym of Oligodon cyclurus by Smith (1943) but has been recognized as a valid species by Schleich and Kästle (2002) and Whitaker and Captain (2004), and has been regarded as a different species by David et al. (2011).

" 192186,Lycodon multizonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,multizonatus,,,,,"(Zhao & Jiang, 1981)", 127912332,Lycodon sidiki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,sidiki,,,,,"Wostl, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017", 192031,Stichophanes ningshaanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stichophanes,ningshaanensis,,,,,"(Yuan, 1983)", 127914430,Bungarus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,niger,,,,,"Wall, 1908", 127914543,Bungarus lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,lividus,,,,,"Cantor, 1839", 127914642,Bungarus walli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Bungarus,walli,,,,,"Wall, 1907","Bungarus sindanus walli Wall, 1907, has recently been treated as a full species (Wallach et al. 2014, Ahsan and Rahman 2017) and this scheme is tentatively followed here." 127915299,Trachischium fuscum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trachischium,fuscum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)",Not in red list. 127916255,Trachischium laeve,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trachischium,laeve,,,,,"Peracca, 1904", 127917528,Trachischium sushantai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Trachischium,sushantai,,,,,"Raha, Das, Bag, Debnath & Pramanick, 2018", 15141984,Schistura afasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,afasciata,,,,,"Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981", 15142004,Schistura anambarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,anambarensis,,,,,"(Mirza & Bănărescu, 1970)", 127921139,Xenochrophis cerasogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Xenochrophis,cerasogaster,,,,,"(Cantor, 1839)", 135567,Mugil cephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Mugil,cephalus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",The taxonomy of species in the Mugilidae family is complex and under revision. 166453,Ailia punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Ailia,punctata,,,,,"(Day, 1872)","Ailia punctata was described as Ailiichthys punctata from the Yamuna River and from downsteam of Delhi, as well as from the rivers of the “lower Punjaub” (Day 1872). Day originally distinguished Ailiichthys from Ailia based on the absence of pelvic fins in the former, but this is believed to be a teratology. The two genera were synonymized by Hora (1941), which was upheld in a more detailed study by Jayaram (1963) and by Ferraris (2007)" 213648215,Bagarius vegrandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Bagarius,vegrandis,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2021", 127928106,Ptyodactylus homolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,homolepis,,,,,"Blanford, 1876", 127928326,Ptyodactylus orlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,orlovi,,,,,"Nazarov, Melnikov & Melnikova, 2013", 127929835,Ptyodactylus ruusaljibalicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Ptyodactylus,ruusaljibalicus,,,,,"Simó-Riudalbas, Metallinou, Pous, Els, Jayasinghe, Péntek-Zakar, Wilms, Al-Saadi & Carranza, 2017", 127930422,Eremias cholistanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,cholistanica,,,,,"Baig & Masroor, 2006", 127932540,Zenarchopterus rasori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,rasori,,,,,"(Popta, 1912)", 127932610,Zenarchopterus kampeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,kampeni,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 127932780,Zenarchopterus clarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,clarus,,,,,"Mohr, 1926", 127932812,Zenarchopterus ornithocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,ornithocephala,,,,,"Collette, 1985", 127932906,Zenarchopterus dux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,dux,,,,,"Seale, 1910", 127932993,Zenarchopterus quadrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,quadrimaculatus,,,,,"Mohr, 1926", 127933043,Zenarchopterus xiphophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,xiphophorus,,,,,"Mohr, 1934", 127933245,Platyceps noeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,noeli,,,,,"Schätti, Tillack, Kucharzewski, 2014", 127933281,Nomorhamphus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 127933323,Nomorhamphus rossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,rossi,,,,,"Meisner, 2001", 127933401,Platyceps sindhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Platyceps,sindhensis,,,,,"Schätti, Tillack & Kucharzewski, 2014", 127934197,Coryphophylax brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Coryphophylax,brevicauda,,,,,"Harikrishnan, Vasudevan, Chandramouli, Choudhury, Dutta & Das, 2012", 127934710,Sarada darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sarada,darwini,,,,,"Deepak, Karanth, Dutta & Giri, 2016", 127934778,Engraulicypris ngalala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Engraulicypris,ngalala,,,,,"Riddin, Villet & Bills, 2016","Formerly reported in Lake Chiuta as Engraulicypris brevianalis by (Tweddle, 1979; 1984 (as Neobola brevianalis)). Later placed in genus Mesobola by Howes (1984) but synonymised iinto Engraulicypris and recognised as distinct and described as E. ngalala by Riddin et al. (2016)." 127934829,Sarada deccanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sarada,deccanensis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)","Sitana deccanensis was removed from synonymy with S. ponticeriana by Amarasinghe et al. (2015), and subsequently transferred to the new genus Sarada by Deepak et al. (2016)." 127935094,Sarada superba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sarada,superba,,,,,"Deepak, Zambre, Bhosale & Giri, 2016", 127902091,Sitana visiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,visiri,,,,,"Deepak, 2016", 127933226,Nomorhamphus manifestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Nomorhamphus,manifestus,,,,,"Meisner, 2001", 177421,Oligodon calamarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Oligodon,calamarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

The species name calamarius was replaced by templetoni because Coluber calamarius was considered to be the legitimate type species of Calamaria (see Brongersma et al. 1966, Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 22). However, Calamaria linnaei was later declared the type species of Calamaria by ICZN Opinion 2196. This species was therefore renamed from templetoni to calamarius and Oligodon calamarius is thus the correct name for this taxon (Uetz et al. 2018).

" 127935974,Wallaceophis gujaratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Wallaceophis,gujaratensis,,,,,"Mirza, Vyas, Patel, Maheta & Sanap, 2016", 127936154,Calliophis castoe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,castoe,,,,,"Smith, Ogale, Deepak & Giri, 2012", 127936876,Eublepharis satpuraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Eublepharis,satpuraensis,,,,,"Mirza, Sanap, Raju, Gawai & Ghadekar, 2014", 127937222,Cnemaspis andersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,andersonii,,,,,"(Annandale, 1905)", 127937731,Cnemaspis flaviventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,flaviventralis,,,,,"Sayyed, Pyron & Dahanukar, 2016", 127937920,Cnemaspis girii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,girii,,,,,"Mirza, Pal, Bhosale & Sanap, 2014", 127938529,Cnemaspis kottiyoorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kottiyoorensis,,,,,"Cyriac & Umesh, 2014", 127938699,Cnemaspis rajakarunai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,rajakarunai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana & Rathnayake, 2016", 127938795,Cnemaspis rammalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,rammalensis,,,,,"Vidanapathirana, Gehan-Rajeev, Wickramasinghe, Fernando & Mendis-Wickramasinghe, 2014", 127938966,Cnemaspis wicksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,wicksi,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1873)", 130441895,Cyrtodactylus cayuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,cayuensis,,,,,"Li, 2007","Agarwal et al. (2018) redescribed Cyrtodactylus khasiensis and elevated the subspecies C. k. cayuensis to species level, as C. cayuensis based on diagnostic characters reported in the English abstract and the generally narrow distributions of Cyrtodactylus in this area. This scheme is followed here, but a more detailed comparison of these taxa is required to confirm this assignment." 127941170,Cyrtodactylus rishivalleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,rishivalleyensis,,,,,"Agarwal, 2016", 127941283,Cyrtodactylus srilekhae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,srilekhae,,,,,"Agarwal, 2016", 127941306,Cyrtodactylus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,speciosus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)",Further taxonomic studies are recommended on similar looking populations from parts of the Eastern Ghats (Ganesh and Arumugam 2016). 127941420,Cyrtodactylus varadgirii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,varadgirii,,,,,"Agarwal, Mirza, Pal, Maddock, Mishra & Bauer, 2016", 127941537,Hemidactylus acanthopholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,acanthopholis,,,,,"Mirza & Sanap, 2014", 127941580,Hemidactylus hemchandrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,hemchandrai,,,,,"Dandge & Tiple, 2015", 127941607,Hemidactylus pieresii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,pieresii,,,,,"Kelaart, 1852","This species, which had not been recorded since its original description, was synonymized with Hemidactylus depressus by Smith (1935). Following the collection of additional material, Batuwita and Pethiyagoda (2012) determined that H. pieresii represents a validly distinct taxon and redescribed both species." 127941637,Hemidactylus yajurvedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,yajurvedi,,,,,"Murthy, Bauer, Lajmi, Agarwal & Giri, 2015", 127941882,Homalopsis hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Homalopsis,hardwickii,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 127942321,Eutropis austini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,austini,,,,,"Batuwita, 2016", 127942355,Eutropis greeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,greeri,,,,,"Batuwita, 2016", 127942570,Sphenomorphus apalpebratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,apalpebratus,,,,,"Datta-Roy, Das, Bauer, Lyngdoh-Tron & Karanth, 2013", 127942641,Melanophidium khairei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Melanophidium,khairei,,,,,"Gower, Giri, Captain & Wilkinson, 2016",This species was described from populations previously understood to represent a northern isolate of Melanophidium punctatum (Gower et al. 2016). 127942843,Uropeltis madurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,madurensis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1878)",This species was recently resurrected from synonymy within Uropeltis arcticeps by Ganesh et al. (2014). 127942949,Uropeltis shorttii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,shorttii,,,,,"(Beddome, 1863)",This species was removed from synonymy within Uropeltis ceylanica by Ganesh et al. (2014). 127942982,Trimeresurus mutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,mutabilis,,,,,"Stoliczka, 1870","This species has been considered as a synonym of Trimeresurus labialis (e.g. by Wallach et al. 2014) but was revalidated by Vogel et al. 2014. It has the type locality of Nicobar Islands; restricted to “Camorta Island, in the central Nicobars”." 127943024,Stoliczkia khasiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,XENODERMIDAE,Stoliczkia,khasiensis,,,,,"Jerdon, 1870", 170411,Phrynocephalus axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,axillaris,,,,,"Blanford, 1875",Phrynocephalus nasatus was synonymized within P. axillaris by Barabanov and Ananjeva (2007). 178208,Gekko swinhonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,swinhonis,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 164660,Eremias grammica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,grammica,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 199751,Plestiodon capito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,capito,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1879)", 170405,Diploderma grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,grahami,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1924)", 29429,Diploderma luei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,luei,,,,,"(Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998)", 170406,Japalura tricarinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Japalura,tricarinata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1853)","It is unclear what constitutes a species within Himalayan Japalura. Given current information it may be that every drainage basin has an endemic species, implying that J. tricarinata is likely to be a species complex and highlighting the need for genetic surveys of this group (J. Macey pers. comm.)." 127947407,Peruphasma schultei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,Pseudophasmatidae,Peruphasma,schultei,,,,,"Conle & Hennemann, 2005", 190611,Archelaphe bella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Archelaphe,bella,,,,,"(Stanley, 1917)",The validity of the recognized subspecies Archelaphe bella chapaensis is questionable (Orlov et al. 2010). 23202,Zenarchopterus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,alleni,,,,,"Collette, 1982", 196409,Zenarchopterus caudovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,caudovittatus,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 196410,Zenarchopterus gilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,gilli,,,,,"Smith, 1945", 154761,Zenarchopterus pappenheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,pappenheimi,,,,,"Mohr, 1926","Zenarchopterus species are now considered to be in the family Zenarchopteridae (B. Collette pers. comm. 2009)." 40694,Zenarchopterus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,robertsi,,,,,"Collette, 1982", 127956274,Calliophis nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,nigrescens,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","As currently conceived this species complex encompasses a few recognised synonyms, each referring to a distinct morphotype (Smith 1943)." 127959318,Uropeltis arcticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,arcticeps,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)", 172642,Pseudoplectrurus canaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Pseudoplectrurus,canaricus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Pseudoplectrurus canaricus was described as Silybura canarica by Beddome in 1870 based on specimens collected from Kudremukh, Karnataka (Beddome 1870, Smith 1943). Boulenger (1893) transferred it to the genus Pseudoplectrurus and Smith (1843) transferred it to Plectrurus. Pyron et al. (2016) have transferred it back to Pseudoplecturus as it is a distinct monophyletic taxon." 127972986,Uropeltis ceylanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,ceylanica,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","Uropeltis ceylanica was described as U. ceylanicus by Cuvier in 1829 based on specimens supposedly from Sri Lanka (Smith 1943) but as it thought to be endemic to India, the original locality must be incorrect (Gower et al. 2008, Ganesh et al. 2014). The many synonyms originating from different hill ranges suggests the need for further taxonomic investigation (Gower et al. 2008). Gower et al. (2008) removed Uropeltis bicatenata from synonymy, but as neither these authors nor Ganesh et al. (2014) (who elevated Uropeltis shortii from synonymy with this species for populations from the Eastern Ghats) re-diagnosed this species the identity of much historical material assigned to U. ceylanica and the species' range of morphological variation remain unclear (Pyron et al. 2016)." 172667,Uropeltis macrorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,macrorhyncha,,,,,"(Beddome, 1877)","Uropeltis macrorhyncha  was described by Beddome in 1877 as Silybura macrorhyncha based on a specimen collected from near Ponachi (=Pollachi), Anaimalai Hills, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India  (Smith 1943)." 172699,Uropeltis maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,maculata,,,,,"(Beddome, 1878)","Uropeltis maculata was described by Beddome in 1878 as Silybura maculata based on type series collected from the Anaimalai Hills, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India  (Beddome 1878, Smith 1943). Although, Beddome (1878) has not assigned the type locality, Boulenger (1893) included Anaimalai Hills as the type locality of this species." 172711,Uropeltis nitida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,nitida,,,,,"(Beddome, 1878)","Uropeltis nitida was described as Silybura nitida by Beddome in 1886 based on type series collected from the Western side of the Anaimalai Hills near Nelliyampathy, Palakkad district, Kerala, India  (Beddome 1886, Smith 1943)." 178233,Uropeltis ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,ocellata,,,,,"(Beddome, 1863)", 172670,Uropeltis rubrolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,rubrolineata,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","Uropeltis rubrolineata was described as Silybura rubrolineata by Günther in 1875 based on type series collected from the Western side of the Anaimalai Hills near Nelliyampathy, Palakkad district, Kerala, India and Tirunelvelli Hills (probably the present day Agasthyamalai Hills), Tirunelvelli district, Tamil Nadu (Günther 1875, Boulenger 1893, Smith 1943). By lectotype designation the type locality has been restricted to Tirunelvelli Hills, Tamil Nadu by McDiarmid et al. (1999). Gans (1966) treated Uropeltis phipsonii (Mason, 1888) as a synonym of this species, Rajendran (1985) revalidated its specific status." 178483,Uropeltis rubromaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,rubromaculata,,,,,"(Beddome, 1867)", 178411,Uropeltis grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,grandis,,,,,"(Beddome, 1867)","A possible issue of homonymy was created when Rhinophis grandis Beddome, 1867 was transferred to Uropeltis by Smith (1943), since Uropeltis grandis Kelaart, 1853 was a pre-existing name. Gans (1966) thus erected U. smithi as a nomen novum for R. grandis, with the same type series and locality. However, Tennent (1861) had long since relegated U. grandis Kelaart, 1853 to the synonymy of Pseudotyphlops philippinus (Müller, 1832), which Pyron et al. (2016) have since renamed as R. saffragamus (Kelaart, 1853). Hence the name U. grandis (Beddome, 1867) can be used again." 194116,Eutropis nagarjunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eutropis,nagarjunensis,,,,,"(Sharma, 1969)","Mabuya ""nagarjuni"" was originally described by Sharma in 1969 based on specimens from Nagarjunakonda, Andhra Pradesh (Srinivasulu et al. 2006). Following revision of the genus Mabuya by Mausfeld et al. (2002) this taxon is presently included within Eutropis Fitzinger, 1843. The species epithet was mistakenly named as a patronym but it is evident that it should have been named as a toponym after the area where it was found, hence the epithet has been emended to ""nagarjunensis"" (Amarasinghe et al. 2016)." 22715592,Garrulax rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,rufifrons,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 128064166,Phrynocephalus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,frontalis,,,,,"Strauch, 1876", 128064516,Sphenomorphus taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,taiwanensis,,,,,"Chen & Lue, 1987", 22708583,Myadestes palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,palmeri,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)", 22702393,Synallaxis kollari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,kollari,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1856", 22701686,Cercomacra carbonaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacra,carbonaria,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1873", 128260672,Liasis dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Liasis,dunni,,,,,"Stull, 1932","The taxonomic history and range limits of Liasis mackloti are complex and still not fully resolved (Rawlings et al. 2004, D. Esquerre pers. comm. 2018). Confusion over range limits in Liasis fuscus, which was long considered a junior synonym of L. mackloti following Stuhl (1932), has resulted in a lack of clarity of the eastern and southern range limits of L. mackloti. Based on limited mtDNA sampling, Rawlings et al. (2004) found that Australian water pythons are divided into two clades, representing L. fuscus in Queensland and New Guinea and L. mackloti in the Northern Territory and the Indonesian islands Babar, Timor and Semau. Nevertheless, Australian workers have continued to recognize only a single water python species in this country pending resolution of taxonomic problems (Cogger 2014, Wilson and Swan 2017). New Guinean records have been attributed either to L. fuscus (McDowell 1975, Barker and Barker 1994, Barker et al. 2018) or to L. mackloti (O'Shea 2007, Cogger 2014). Carmichael et al. (2007) regard L. mackloti as an island endemic consisting of the subspecies L. m. mackloti, L. m. savuensis and L. m. dunni, excluding New Guinea from the distribution. These authors note that the three subspecies are allopatric and exhibit no evidence of hybridization. Rawlings et al. (2004) reported molecular evidence that the Sawu population, L. m. savuensis, may warrant specific recognition. Recently, both L. savuensis and L. dunni have been recognized as valid species (Barker et al. 2015, D. Esquerre pers. comm. 2018). Following these taxonomic changes L. mackloti is restricted to Timor, Roti, Semau and Alor (Barker et al. 2015), and further research may reveal that its range should be extended to the Northern Territory in northern Australia." 128260706,Liasis savuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Liasis,savuensis,,,,,"Brongersma, 1956","The taxonomic history and range limits of Liasis mackloti are complex and still not fully resolved (Rawlings et al. 2004, D. Esquerre pers. comm. 2018). Confusion over range limits in Liasis fuscus, which was long considered a junior synonym of L. mackloti following Stuhl (1932), has resulted in a lack of clarity of the eastern and southern range limits of L. mackloti. Based on limited mtDNA sampling, Rawlings et al. (2004) found that Australian water pythons are divided into two clades, representing L. fuscus in Queensland and New Guinea and L. mackloti in the Northern Territory and the Indonesian islands Babar, Timor and Semau. Nevertheless, Australian workers have continued to recognize only a single water python species in this country pending resolution of taxonomic problems (Cogger 2014, Wilson and Swan 2017). New Guinean records have been attributed either to L. fuscus (McDowell 1975, Barker and Barker 1994, Barker et al. 2018) or to L. mackloti (O'Shea 2007, Cogger 2014). Carmichael et al. (2007) regard L. mackloti as an island endemic consisting of the subspecies L. m. mackloti, L. m. savuensis and L. m. dunni, excluding New Guinea from the distribution. These authors note that the three subspecies are allopatric and exhibit no evidence of hybridization. Rawlings et al. (2004) reported molecular evidence that the Sawu population, L. m. savuensis, may warrant specific recognition. Recently, both L. savuensis and L. dunni have been recognized as valid species (Barker et al. 2015, D. Esquerre pers. comm. 2018). Following these taxonomic changes L. mackloti is restricted to Timor, Roti, Semau and Alor (Barker et al. 2015)." 103780156,Acrocephalus astrolabii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,astrolabii,,,,,"Holyoak & Thibault, 1978","

Acrocephalus luscinius, A. hiwae, A. yamashinae, A. astrolabii and A. nijoi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. luscinius following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 157085,Xerosecta explanata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Xerosecta,explanata,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)", 128380138,Plestiodon leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,leucostictus,,,,,"(Hikida, 1988)",This species has recently been elevated from a subspecies of Plestiodon chinensis (Kurita et al. 2017). 128381917,Sanguirana acai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,acai,,,,,"Brown, Prue, Chan, Gaulke, Sanguila & Siler, 2017",

This species was removed from the synonymy of Sanguirana everetti by Brown et al. (2017).

22939,Vertigo moulinsiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VERTIGINIDAE,Vertigo,moulinsiana,,,,,"Dupuy, 1849", 156942,Acicula fusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,fusca,,,,,"(Montagu, 1803)", 156911,Acicula lineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,lineata,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","Acicula lineata has often been confused with Bulimus lineatus Bruguiere 1792 but this is now a conserved name (Falkner et al. 2002)." 17515,Platyla microspira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Platyla,microspira,,,,,"Pini, 1884","This species was previously described as Acme microspira." 190068,Eustomias bituberatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bituberatus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190084,Nezumia cyrano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,cyrano,,,,,"Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973", 190088,Leptostomias bilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,bilobatus,,,,,"(Koefoed, 1956)", 190112,Monomitopus magnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,magnus,,,,,"Carter & Cohen, 1985",The genus Monomitopus is in need of revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 190127,Barathrites parri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Barathrites,parri,,,,,"Nybelin, 1957", 190189,Dicrolene kanazawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,kanazawai,,,,,"Grey, 1958", 190234,Eustomias monoclonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,monoclonus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190294,Nezumia suilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,suilla,,,,,"Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973", 190301,Leptostomias leptobolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,leptobolus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190322,Epigonus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,macrops,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 190381,Epigonus oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,oligolepis,,,,,"Mayer, 1974", 190382,Sonoda megalophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Sonoda,megalophthalma,,,,,"Grey, 1959", 190396,Gibberichthys pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,GIBBERICHTHYIDAE,Gibberichthys,pumilus,,,,,"Parr, 1933", 190411,Chrionema squamentum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCOPHIDAE,Chrionema,squamentum,,,,,"(Ginsburg, 1955)", 190415,Peristedion antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,antillarum,,,,,"Teague, 1961", 190439,Pachycara sulaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ZOARCIDAE,Pachycara,sulaki,,,,,"Anderson, 1989", 190450,Brinkmannella elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Brinkmannella,elongata,,,,,"Parr, 1933","According to the Catalog of Fishes, this species has been synonymized with Brephostoma carpenteri; however, recent genetic studies of both species indicate they are valid as separate (J. Moore pers. comm. 2019)." 18129312,Neoscopelus microchir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,NEOSCOPELIDAE,Neoscopelus,microchir,,,,,"Matsubara, 1943",This species is easily confused with Neoscopelus macrolepidotus (Roberts 2015). 67966352,Sphagemacrurus grenadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Sphagemacrurus,grenadae,,,,,"(Parr, 1946)", 114156725,Bathyclupea schroederi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BATHYCLUPEIDAE,Bathyclupea,schroederi,,,,,"Dick, 1962", 198402,Rhadinella godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,godmani,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)",The two populations of this species may correspond to distinct species. 59739,Mecistogaster amalia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mecistogaster,amalia,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 12799,Margaritifera margaritifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Margaritifera,margaritifera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190082,Trinectes maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Trinectes,maculatus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 128706414,Periophthalmodon septemradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmodon,septemradiatus,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 128706509,Periophthalmus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,weberi,,,,,"Eggert, 1935", 128709742,Zenarchopterus dunckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,dunckeri,,,,,"Mohr, 1926", 128709755,Zenarchopterus philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ZENARCHOPTERIDAE,Zenarchopterus,philippinus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 128710323,Neostethus amaricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,amaricola,,,,,"(Villadolid & Manacop, 1934)", 128710699,Neostethus ctenophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,ctenophorus,,,,,"(Aurich, 1937)", 128710744,Neostethus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Neostethus,robertsi,,,,,"Parenti, 1989", 128710803,Gulaphallus bikolanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Gulaphallus,bikolanus,,,,,"(Herre, 1926)", 128710839,Gulaphallus eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Gulaphallus,eximius,,,,,"Herre, 1925", 128710852,Gulaphallus falcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Gulaphallus,falcifer,,,,,"Manacop, 1936", 128710865,Gulaphallus mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Gulaphallus,mirabilis,,,,,"Herre, 1925", 128710885,Gulaphallus panayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Gulaphallus,panayensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1942)", 128710976,Phallostethus cuulong,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PHALLOSTETHIDAE,Phallostethus,cuulong,,,,,"Shibukawa, Tran & Tran 2012", 128717870,Bangana gedrosicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,gedrosicus,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1912)", 128718019,Barilius naseeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,naseeri,,,,,"Mirza, Rafiq & Awan, 1986", 128718120,Barilius pakistanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,pakistanicus,,,,,"Mirza & Sadiq, 1978", 128718583,Clupisoma naziri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Clupisoma,naziri,,,,,"Mirza & Awan, 1973", 128719071,Diptychus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Diptychus,maculatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1866", 128722462,Gagata pakistanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gagata,pakistanica,,,,,"Mirza, Parveen & Javed, 1999", 128722497,Garra wanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,wanae,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)", 128722612,Glyptosternon reticulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptosternon,reticulatum,,,,,"McClelland, 1842", 128723247,Glyptothorax punjabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,punjabensis,,,,,"Mirza & Kashmiri, 1971", 128723276,Glyptothorax stocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,stocki,,,,,"Mirza & Nijssen, 1978", 128723334,Glyptothorax sufii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,sufii,,,,,"Asghar Bashir & Mirza, 1975", 128723364,Labeo caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,caeruleus,,,,,"Day, 1877", 128723400,Labeo nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,nigripinnis,,,,,"Day, 1877", 128723603,Mystus horai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,horai,,,,,"Jayaram, 1954","Bhattacharjee et al. (2012) recognised this species as a synonym of Mystus vittatus through DNA barcoding. However, M. horai is still a valid species in the Catalogue of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 128723659,Nangra robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Nangra,robusta,,,,,"Mirza & Awan, 1973", 128723701,Naziritor zhobensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Naziritor,zhobensis,,,,,"(Mirza, 1967)", 128723728,Paraschistura alepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,alepidota,,,,,(Mirza & Bănărescu 1970), 128723830,Paraschistura lepidocaulis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,lepidocaulis,,,,,"(Mirza & Nalbant, 1981)", 128723897,Paraschistura lindbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,lindbergi,,,,,"(Bănărescu & Mirza, 1965)", 128724058,Paraschistura microlabra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,microlabra,,,,,"(Mirza & Nalbant, 1981)", 128724324,Paraschistura naseeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,naseeri,,,,,"(Ahmad & Mirza, 1963)", 128724377,Paraschistura prashari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,prashari,,,,,"(Hora, 1933)", 128724472,Paraschistura punjabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paraschistura,punjabensis,,,,,"(Hora, 1923)", 128724579,Ptychobarbus conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Ptychobarbus,conirostris,,,,,"Steindachner, 1866", 128724607,Puntius punjabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,punjabensis,,,,,"(Day, 1871)", 128724669,Puntius waageni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,waageni,,,,,"(Day, 1872)", 128724701,Salmostoma punjabense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Salmostoma,punjabense,,,,,"(Day, 1872)", 128724786,Schistura curtistigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,curtistigma,,,,,"Mirza & Nalbant, 1981", 128724817,Schistura fascimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,fascimaculata,,,,,"Mirza & Nalbant, 1981", 128724945,Schistura harnaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,harnaiensis,,,,,"(Mirza & Nalbant, 1969)", 128725184,Schistura kohatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,kohatensis,,,,,"Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981", 128725247,Schistura machensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,machensis,,,,,"(Mirza & Nalbant, 1970)", 128725353,Schistura macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,macrolepis,,,,,"Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981", 128725392,Schistura pakistanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,pakistanica,,,,,"(Mirza & Bănărescu, 1969)", 128725476,Schistura shadiwalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,shadiwalensis,,,,,"Mirza & Nalbant, 1981", 128725505,Schizocypris brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizocypris,brucei,,,,,"Regan, 1914", 128725538,Schizothorax esocinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,esocinus,,,,,"Heckel, 1838", 128725876,Schizothorax skarduensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,skarduensis,,,,,"Mirza & Awan, 1978", 128727175,Tariqilabeo diplochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tariqilabeo,diplochilus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1838)", 128727229,Tariqilabeo macmahoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tariqilabeo,macmahoni,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1912)","This species is questionably a synonym of Crossocheilus diplochilus (Mirza and Arshad 2008), however it is considered a separate species by Mirza and Javed and in the Catalog of Fishes (Mirza and Javed 2015, Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 128727269,Triplophysa brahui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,brahui,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1912)", 128727303,Triplophysa choprai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,choprai,,,,,"(Hora, 1934)", 128727508,Triplophysa kashmirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,kashmirensis,,,,,"(Hora, 1922)", 128727542,Triplophysa tenuicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,tenuicauda,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)", 128727591,Triplophysa trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,trewavasae,,,,,"Mirza & Ahmad, 1990", 128727604,Triplophysa yasinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,yasinensis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1898)", 13289157,Mehelya egbensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Mehelya,egbensis,,,,,"Dunger, 1966","This species, formerly in Mehelya, was included in the resurrected genus Gonionotophis by Kelly et al. (2011). Broadley et al. (2018) provisionally referred it to the resurrected Mehelya, but noted that it did not fit their diagnostic key, and it was not included in these authors' genetic analysis." 13289180,Mehelya gabouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Mehelya,gabouensis,,,,,"Trape & Mané, 2005","This species was transferred to Gonionotophis from Mehelya by Kelly et al. (2011). Broadley et al. (2018) provisionally referred it to the resurrected Mehelya, but noted that it did not fit their diagnostic key, and it was not included in these authors' genetic analysis." 166419,Bengala elanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Bengala,elanga,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cyprinus elanga from the Ganga River. Brittan (1972) treated it under under genus Rasbora. However, Mirza (2003) treated it as Megarasbora elanga and it previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under this name. However, this species is now considered valid in the genus Bengala (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 166582,Tariqilabeo latius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Tariqilabeo,latius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","This species was originally described as Cyprinus latius by Hamilton (1822) from Tista River, Darjeeling Himalaya. Hora and Misra (1938) considered it as Crossocheilus latius and it previously appear on the IUCN Red List under this name. It is now considered valid in the genus Tariqilabeo (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 166413,Lepidocephalichthys guntea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,guntea,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Cobitis guntea was described only from Ganges River by Hamilton (1822). Later it was placed under the genus Lepidocephalus. There was confusion over its generic placement as Lepidocephalus or Lepidocephalichthys.  The correct placement of the species is under Lepidocephalichthys (Havird and Page 2010).

This species previously was duplicated on the IUCN Red List with a 2009 assessment under the genus Lepidocephalus and a 2012 assessment under the genus Lepidocephalichthys. Both assessments have now been moved under the valid name of Lepidocephalichthys guntea." 166856,Planiliza macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,macrolepis,,,,,"(Smith, 1846)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Chelon but is now considered valid in the genus Planiliza (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 166470,Planiliza tade,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,tade,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","There is confusion surrounding this genus. Some records may be misidentified, and based on other species. There is also confusion on the correct name for this species. It is sometimes referred to as Liza pleniceps.

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Liza but is now considered valid in the genus Planiliza (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 166414,Parambassis baculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,baculis,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. This species previously appeared on the Red List in the genus Pseudambassis but it is now considered valid in the genus Parambassis (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 166617,Nemacheilus corica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,corica,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Hamilton (1822) described Cobitis corica from Kosi River, India. Kullander et al. (1999) placed the species under Schistura. It previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under this name but is now considered valid in the genus Nemacheilus (Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 166422,Minimugil cascasia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Minimugil,cascasia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Sicamugil but is now considered valid in the genus Minimugil (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 178546,Ablepharus deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ablepharus,deserti,,,,,"Strauch, 1868", 47755889,Eremias kokshaaliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,kokshaaliensis,,,,,"Jeremčenko & Panfilov, 1999",Records of Eremias beuchneri from Kyrgyzstan are now assigned to E. kokshaaliensis (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). 47755898,Eremias multiocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,multiocellata,,,,,"Günther, 1872","Although Eremias multiocellata is a recognized species complex (Dujsebayeva et al. 2009 and refs therein), the validity of proposed subspecies has been questioned and the taxon is presently regarded as monotypic by Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008). Other authors recognize two valid subspecies other than the nominate form: E. m. bannikowi (Szczerbak 1973); and the recent description E. m. tsaganbogdensis (Munkhbayar and Borkin 2010). A review of this species complex is in press, including the description of a new taxon from within this complex from the Dzhungarian Gobi (Orlova et al. 2017). Karyotype variation in a population from Bei Shan in China's Nei Mongol province may reflect the occurrence of a cryptic species at this locality; it is presently unclear whether this represents an undescribed form or the previously proposed subspecies E. m. kozlowi (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008). Dujsebayeva et al. (2009) tentatively assign records from central Tien-Shan to E. multiocellata based on comparisons with E. stummeri and E. kokshaaliensis (although the definition of this latter species is itself under review - Orlova et al. 2017), but note that the taxonomy of these subpopulations requires further investigation." 47755944,Eremias stummeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Eremias,stummeri,,,,,"Wettstein, 1940", 22680380,Aythya innotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,innotata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1894)", 22724402,Cinclodes aricomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,aricomae,,,,,"(Carriker, 1932)", 203021,Celestus agasepsoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,agasepsoides,,,,,"(Thomas, 1971)", 136526,Rattus arfakiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,arfakiensis,,,,,"Rümmler, 1935",This species is often considered to be part of Rattus niobe. It was recognized provisionally as a distinct species by Musser and Carleton (2005) pending further study of the R. niobe complex. 47755693,Phrynocephalus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,reticulatus,,,,,"Eichwald, 1831","Golubev (1991) identified Phrynocephalus reticulatus as a junior subjective synonym of Agama ocellata and consequently resurrected the combination Phrynocephalus ocellatus. This nomenclature was accepted by Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008) and by Solovyeva et al. (2011). Babaranov and Ananjeva (2007), however, pointed out that the name P. reticulatus has been in usage by many authors for over a century, and consequently proposed that this name should be protected under the provisions of the Zoological Code of Nomenclature. Most workers in the region reject the nomenclature proposed by Golubev (1991) (N. Ananjeva pers. comm. 2016) and Phrynocephalus reticulatus is the name retained here." 18658,Pteralopex pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteralopex,pulchra,,,,,"Flannery, 1991", 177431,Oxyrhopus leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Oxyrhopus,leucomelas,,,,,"(Werner, 1916)", 12625,Macropus greyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Macropus,greyi,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1845",No subspecies are recognised 55513,Dryaderces inframaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryaderces,inframaculata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882", 41008,Hippocampus comes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Hippocampus,comes,,,,,"Cantor, 1849", 9274,Glossophaga leachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Glossophaga,leachii,,,,,"Gray, 1844",Originally considered a subspecies of soricina. 97217787,Cixius azomariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,azomariae,,,,,"Remane & Asche, 1979", 4159,Cephalorhynchus commersonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Cephalorhynchus,commersonii,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1804)","Two subspecies are recognized: C. c. commersonii in southern South America and C. c. kerguelenensis in the Kerguelen Islands (Robineau et al. 2007). The Kerguelen subspecies was apparently founded by a few individuals as recently as 10,000 years ago." 64116,Sceloporus jarrovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,jarrovii,,,,,"Cope, 1875","Wiens and Penkrot (2002) examined variation in Sceloporus jarrovii using morphological and DNA data and found that three approaches each supported division of S. jarrovii into five species, but only two species were the same among the three approaches. They found the greatest support for the five species that were delimited by mtDNA data. Following Wiens and Penkrot (2002) and Wiens et al. (1999), S. jarrovii occurs in Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico and the other four species (S. cyanostictus, S. minor, S. oberon, and S. sugillatus) occur in Mexico. These species do not strictly conform with traditional subspecies circumscriptions. We currently follow Wiens and Penkrot (2002) in retaining S. lineolateralis within S. jarrovii." 56856,Pristimantis phragmipleuron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,phragmipleuron,,,,,"(Rivero & Serna, 1988)", 170517,Chelonoidis phantasticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,phantasticus,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1907)","The previous Red List assessments for Galapagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (name now Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and more recently several researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) have treated most of them as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most phylogenetic lineages of Galapagos tortoises. This Red List assessment treats C. phantasticus as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier taxonomies. The species has never before been assessed for the IUCN Red List.

Preliminary genetic analysis of the single old adult male saddlebacked holotype of C. phantasticus from Fernandina has indicated its apparently closer relationship with dome-shaped C. porteri from distant Santa Cruz rather than the more proximate populations of C. vicina on Isabela or any other saddlebacked taxa (Poulakakis et al. 2012). This apparent biogeographic anomaly, in addition to the lack of any discovery to date of skeletal tortoise remains or other living tortoises on Fernandina, has created some uncertainty as to its relationships. However, tortoise scats and bite marks on cacti found in 1964 have confirmed that other tortoises have occurred and more recent sightings and signs suggest that a few tortoises might yet persist on Fernandina." 128969918,Milyeringa justitia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Milyeringa,justitia,,,,,Larson & Foster 2013, 128972817,Macquaria sp. nov. 'Hawkesbury',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Macquaria,sp. nov. 'Hawkesbury',,,,,,This species was previously considered part of Macquaria australasica but since 1986 has been accepted as a separate taxon and is now recognised as a separate species. Description of this species is under way (M. Lintermans pers. comm. 2019). 128972888,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Hunter',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Hunter',,,,,,"

Validity of new species status accepted by Dr T.A. Raadik (Research Associate, Museum Victoria), taxonomist, expert in Australian Galaxiidae taxonomy) and Dr Martin Gomon, Curator, Fishes, Museum Victoria. Voucher specimens lodge at Museum Victoria NMV A 30583-001 Galaxias sp. nov. ‘hunter’.

" 128972900,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Yalmy',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Yalmy',,,,,,"Validity of new species status accepted by Dr T.A. Raadik (Research Associate, Museum Victoria), taxonomist, expert in Australian Galaxiidae taxonomy) and Dr Martin Gomon, Curator, Fishes, Museum Victoria. Voucher specimens lodge at Museum Victoria NMV A 30569-002 Galaxias sp. nov. ‘yalmy’" 128972916,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Morwell',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Morwell',,,,,,"Validity of new species status accepted by Dr T.A. Raadik (Research Associate, Museum Victoria), taxonomist, expert in Australian Galaxiidae taxonomy) and Dr Martin Gomon, Curator, Fishes, Museum Victoria. Voucher specimens lodge at Museum Victoria NMV A 31962-001 Galaxias sp. nov. ‘morwell’" 128972928,Galaxias sp. nov. 'Moroka',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,sp. nov. 'Moroka',,,,,,"Validity of new species status accepted by Dr T.A. Raadik (Research Associate, Museum Victoria), taxonomist, expert in Australian Galaxiidae taxonomy) and Dr Martin Gomon, Curator, Fishes, Museum Victoria. Voucher specimens lodge at Museum Victoria NMV A 31963-001 Galaxias sp. nov. ‘moroka’." 165501,Sympetrum flaveolum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,flaveolum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 68064111,Lampadena urophaos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,urophaos,,,,,"Paxton, 1963", 71942692,Lampadena atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,atlantica,,,,,"Maul, 1969", 15933,Pan troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HOMINIDAE,Pan,troglodytes,,,,,"(Blumenbach, 1799)","

Chimpanzee taxonomy remains an active area of research, particularly in population genetics. Four subspecies are commonly recognised: the Western Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus); the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (P. t. ellioti); the Central Chimpanzee (P. t. troglodytes); and the Eastern Chimpanzee (P. t. schweinfurthii). Genetic data, which include analyses of complete genomes (Prado-Martinez et al. 2013), suggest that the subspecies form two distinctive groups: one group includes P. t. verus and P. t. ellioti and the other group includes P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii (Fünfstück et al. 2015). Pan t. verus and P. t. ellioti separated from one another much earlier than P. t. troglodytes from P. t. schweinfurthii. Each subspecies has experienced markedly different demographic histories since their separation 100,000 years ago, with all punctuated by dramatic reductions in their effective populations size (Gonder et al. 2011, Mitchell et al. 2015, Prado-Martinez et al. 2013). The degree of connectivity between chimpanzee populations in western Nigeria and those in eastern Nigeria and western Cameroon has yet to be adequately examined. Published relationship trees based on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA do not group western Nigerian chimpanzees closely with those of either Upper Guinea or eastern Nigeria (Gonder et al. 2006); however, those analyses were based on a very small number of western Nigerian samples. A more comprehensive analysis using additional samples is urgently needed.

While taxonomic labelling is often debated and subject to revision, the relative importance of different threats faced by chimpanzees varies across Africa, making a regional approach valuable for conservation purposes.

" 197277,Galaxias brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,brevipinnis,,,,,"Günther, 1866","The New Zealand and Australian populations of this species are likely to be split into five separate species in the future, as genetic data indicate significant diversity between them (Waters and Wallis 2001, Raadik 2011). The New Zealand species will remain as G. brevipinnis, as it was originally described from New Zealand. The remaining four species will be in Australia (T. Raadik unpublished data)." 8805,Galaxias fontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,fontanus,,,,,"Fulton, 1978", 8810,Galaxias fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,fuscus,,,,,"Mack, 1936","Until recently, synonymised under Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 by McDowall and Frankenberg (1981) until found to be a valid species (Raadik 2011, Adams et al. 2014) and revised and re-elevated (Raadik 2014)." 8806,Galaxias johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,johnstoni,,,,,"Scott, 1936", 197279,Galaxias maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,maculatus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 8807,Galaxias parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,parvus,,,,,"Frankenberg, 1968", 8808,Galaxias pedderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,pedderensis,,,,,"Frankenberg, 1968", 8814,Galaxias rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,rostratus,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1872", 8809,Galaxias tanycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,tanycephalus,,,,,"Fulton, 1978", 129041926,Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Cairnsichthys,bitaeniatus,,,,,"Allen, Hammer & Raadik, 2018","The species was originally discovered in 2012 and thought to be a northern outlier population of the Cairns Rainbowfish Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides (Martin and Barclay 2013). The northern populations were not included in any previous status assessment of Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides. Following genetic and morphological studies, the form was determined to be a distinct species and was formally described as part of a generic revision in 2018 (Hammer et al. 2018)." 169363,Gadopsis bispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Gadopsis,bispinosus,,,,,"Sanger, 1984",The Goulburn River population has been identified as a candidate species to be described (P. Unmack pers. comm. 2019). 123387799,Macquaria wujalwujalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Macquaria,wujalwujalensis,,,,,"(Pusey & Kennard, 2001)", 2895,Bostrychus zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bostrychus,zonatus,,,,,"Weber, 1907","This species has appeared in earlier literature as Bostrichthys zonatus; Bostrichthys is an unnecessary replacement name for Bostrychus." 10730,Hypseleotris aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,aurea,,,,,"(Shipway, 1950)", 68001158,Hypseleotris barrawayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,barrawayi,,,,,"Larson, 2007", 68001166,Hypseleotris compressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,compressa,,,,,"(Krefft, 1864)", 10731,Hypseleotris ejuncida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,ejuncida,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1982",Authority should be Hoese and Allen 1983 10732,Hypseleotris kimberleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,kimberleyensis,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1982", 10733,Hypseleotris regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,regalis,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1982", 68001200,Hypseleotris galii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,galii,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1898)", 68001287,Hypseleotris klunzingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,klunzingeri,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1898)", 4700,Chlamydogobius gloveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chlamydogobius,gloveri,,,,,"Larson, 1995", 4698,Chlamydogobius micropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chlamydogobius,micropterus,,,,,"Larson, 1995", 4699,Chlamydogobius squamigenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Chlamydogobius,squamigenus,,,,,"Larson, 1995", 129052489,Schismatogobius hoesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,hoesei,,,,,"Keith, Lord & Larson, 2017", 193081,Smilosicyopus leprurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Smilosicyopus,leprurus,,,,,"(Sakai & Nakamura, 1979)","This species is now called Smilosicycopus leprurus (Keith et al. 2011). A revision is in progress as its taxonomy is not clear." 193120,Smilosicyopus fehlmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Smilosicyopus,fehlmanni,,,,,"(Parenti & Maciolek, 1993)", 142323988,Stiphodon pelewensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,pelewensis,,,,,"Herre, 1936","This species was re-described by Suzuki et al. (2010). Keith et al. (2015) synonymised Stiphodon atratus Watson 1996 and Stiphodon weberi Watson, Allen & Kottelat 1998 under Stiphodon pelewensis Herre 1936 without justifications for the decision." 11453,Leiopotherapon aheneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Leiopotherapon,aheneus,,,,,"(Mees, 1963)", 11454,Leiopotherapon macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Leiopotherapon,macrolepis,,,,,"Vari, 1978", 129056419,Syncomistes bonapartensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,bonapartensis,,,,,"Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017", 129056527,Syncomistes carcharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,carcharus,,,,,"Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017", 129056539,Syncomistes dilliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,dilliensis,,,,,"Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017",Described in 2017 129056558,Syncomistes holsworthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,holsworthi,,,,,"Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017","Described in 2017. There has been considerable taxonomic uncertainty surrounding this species, and it was previously attributed to Syncomistes rastellus, S. butleri and S. trigonicus" 129056572,Syncomistes moranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,moranensis,,,,,"Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017",The species was described in 2017 129056586,Syncomistes versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,versicolor,,,,,"Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017", 129056598,Syncomistes wunambal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Syncomistes,wunambal,,,,,"Shelley, Delaval & Le Feuvre, 2017", 58674,Sylvirana mortenseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,mortenseni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","This species was removed from synonymy of Hylarana nigrovitatta without comment by Dubois (1992), and treated as a valid species by Inger, Orlov and Darevsky (1999). It was regarded as a synonym of H. nigrovittata by Matsui et al. (2001) but treated as a valid species by Ohler, Swan and Daltry (2002) and hence here also." 22691030,Alopecoenas erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,erythropterus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Alopecoenas erythropterus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba as G. erythroptera. 123387810,Percalates colonorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Percalates,colonorum,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)","Based on previous genetic work (Jerry et al., 2001) it is clear that this taxon, including its sister taxon Macquaria novemaculeata (Australian Bass), is incorrectly placed in the Percichthyidae and is supported to belong in a separate and new, though yet taxonomically defined, family. Currently no taxonomic work to define the family and revise this species (and M. novemaculeata) is underway, but when it eventuates will revise the generic name for both taxa as Macquaria is nested within Percichthyidae and will be unavailable. The generic name for the two species may then revert to Percalates, as this is the earliest available generic name previously assigned. As no formal taxonomic revision has yet been undertaken Eschmeyer et al. (2018) list the correct generic name for this species as Macquaria, and Percalates as a junior synonym (T. Raadik, pers. comm.)." 83130397,Percalates novemaculeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Percalates,novemaculeata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1866)","Based on previous genetic work (Jerry et al. 2001) it is clear that this taxon, including its sister taxon Macquaria colonorum (Estuary Bass), is incorrectly placed in the Percichthyidae and is supported to belong in a separate and new, though as yet taxonomically undefined, family. Currently no taxonomic work to define the family and revise this species (and M. colonorum) is underway, but when it eventuates this will revise the generic name for both taxa as Macquaria is nested within Percichthyidae and will be unavailable. The generic name for the two species may then revert to Percalates, as this is the earliest available generic name previously assigned. As no formal taxonomic revision has yet been undertaken Eschmeyer et al. (2018) list the correct generic name for this species as Macquaria, and Percalates as a junior synonym (T. Raadik, pers. comm.)." 192005,Indotyphlops albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Indotyphlops,albiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","This species has historically been placed in the genus Typhlops, but has recently been moved to Indotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014, Pyron and Wallach 2014).

Two of five known specimens from Hong Kong have since been redescribed as a different species, Typhlops lazelli (Wallach and Pauwels 2004), although the remaining three specimens assigned to Ramphotyphlops albiceps from Hong Kong are considered to represent this species." 183945,Micropogonias manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Micropogonias,manni,,,,,"(Moreno, 1970)",Micropogonias manni may be a junior synonym of M. furnieri (Kong and Valdés 1990). The latter occurs in the southwest Atlantic from Cuba to northern Argentina. Micropogonias manni is endemic to the Araucanía Region of Chile but the taxonomy of this species requires further study (N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2020). 47176408,Clytus peyroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Clytus,peyroni,,,,,"Pic, 1899",A review of the type material is required to confirm that this is a good species and not a synonym of other close taxa within the genus (D. Azar pers. comm. 2016). 97218110,Cixius azopifajo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,azopifajo,,,,,"Remane & Asche, 1979", 67962617,Bolinichthys pyrsobolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Bolinichthys,pyrsobolus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 129302685,Aipysurus mosaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,mosaicus,,,,,"Sanders, Rasmussen, Elmberg, Mumpuni, Guinea, Blias, Lee & Fry, 2012","Aipysurus mosaicus was previously considered to be an allopatric population of A. eydouxii, which occurs throughout the Sunda Shelf and in New Guinea. Molecular analyses reveal these two species to be sister lineages with fixed nucleotide substitutions at three independent mitochondrial and nuclear loci, and a deep phylogenetic divergence exceeding that of all other sampled species pairs in Aipysurus. Aaipysurus mosaicus is also distinguished from A. eydouxii by morphological characters relating to scalation (for example, number of ventral scales), colour pattern (for example, number and shape of transverse body bands), internal soft anatomy (for example, position of heart in relation to ventral scales), and skeletal morphology (for example, shape of nasal and caudal neural spines; Sanders et al. 2012)." 129305725,Hydrophis donaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,donaldi,,,,,"Ukuwela, Sanders & Fry, 2012","This species was first described in 2012 using a combination of molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear) and morphological (scalation, colour pattern and skull osteology) characters (Ukuwela et al. 2012)." 102731769,Cyrtodactylus sadleiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,sadleiri,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985", 22689559,Aegotheles savesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,savesi,,,,,"Layard & Layard, 1881", 178287,Anilios endoterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,endoterus,,,,,"(Waite, 1918)", 178470,Anilios hamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,hamatus,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 178271,Anilios kimberleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,kimberleyensis,,,,,"(Storr, 1981)", 178219,Anilios pilbarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,pilbarensis,,,,,"(Aplin & Donnellan, 1993)", 178361,Anilios proximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,proximus,,,,,"(Waite, 1893)", 178581,Anilios waitii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,waitii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 178517,Anilios bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,bicolor,,,,,"(Peters, 1858)",This species was resurrected from synonymy with Ramphotyphlops (Austrotyphlops) australis in 2004 (Rabosky et al. 2004). 171992,Liburnica grisea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,grisea,,,,,"(Subai & Fehér, 2006)","A 2016 study (Groenenberg et al. 2016) found that Superba is paraphyletic. As a result, Superba is considered a subgenus in Liburnica: Liburnica (Superba) contains three species, viz. L. (S.) skipetarica (Subai, 1995), L. (S.) grisea (Subai & Fehér, 2006) and L. (S.) kulmankana (Subai & Fehér, 2006) (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2018)." 171997,Liburnica kulmakana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,kulmakana,,,,,"(Subai & Fehér, 2006)","A 2016 study (Groenenberg et al. 2016) found that Superba is paraphyletic. As a result, Superba is considered a subgenus in Liburnica: Liburnica (Superba) contains three species, viz. L. (S.) skipetarica (Subai, 1995), L. (S.) grisea (Subai & Fehér, 2006) and L. (S.) kulmankana (Subai & Fehér, 2006) (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2018)." 156603,Liburnica skipetarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,skipetarica,,,,,"(Subai, 1995)","A 2016 study (Groenenberg et al. 2016) found that Superba is paraphyletic. As a result, Superba is considered a subgenus in Liburnica: Liburnica (Superba) contains three species, viz. L. (S.) skipetarica (Subai, 1995), L. (S.) grisea (Subai and Fehér, 2006) and L. (S.) kulmankana (Subai and Fehér, 2006) (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2018).

The species is comprised of two distinct subspecies: Liburnica skipetarica skipetarica (Subai, 1995) and L. skipetarica asketa (Subai & Fehér, 2006)." 156898,Josephinella vikosensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,vikosensis,,,,,"(Subai, 1990)","Groenenberg et al. (2016) found that Superba is paraphyletic. As a result, two species of the former Superba complex move to Josephinella: J. vikosensis and J. reischuetzi (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2018)." 182126,Clarias liocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,liocephalus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","Taxonomic study of this species across its wide range using modern genetic techniques is needed. It is highly unlikely that the species inhabiting lakes and swamps in Uganda is the same as the species found only in rocky, cold highland tributaries of the Zambezi system and Lake Malawi affluent streams. The latter populations are absent from lakes and all large gently-flowing rivers, stillwaters and floodplains ." 44192,Ctenosaura palearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Ctenosaura,palearis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1899", 22692854,Pareudiastes pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Pareudiastes,pacificus,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871",Pareudiastes pacificus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallinula as G. pacifica. 22691910,Neotis ludwigii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Neotis,ludwigii,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 129295407,Lutjanus octolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,octolineatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)","Lutjanus octolineatus was previously considered a junior synonym of Lutjanus bengalensis, but is now considered a valid species according to work by Iwatsuki et al. (2016)." 129295975,Lutjanus sapphirolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,sapphirolineatus,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Al-Mamry & Heemstra, 2016",Lutjanus sapphirolineatus was formerly misidentified as L. bengalensis (Iwatsuki et al. 2016). 129296277,Pomadasys argyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Pomadasys,argyreus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 129494544,Chimaera orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,orientalis,,,,,"Angulo, López, Bussing & Murase, 2014", 129495269,Squalus albicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,albicaudus,,,,,"Viana, Carvalho & Gomes, 2016",Squalus albicaudus is a member of the Squalus megalops species-complex. The taxonomic description includes specimens that were formerly identified as S. megalops and S. cubensis (Viana et al. 2016). 129495390,Squalus bahiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,bahiensis,,,,,"Viana, Carvalho & Gomes, 2016","Squalus bahiensis is a member of the Squalus mitsukurii species-complex. The taxonomic description includes mostly specimens formerly identified as S. blainvillei and S. mitsukurii, and fewer specimens formerly identified as S. cubensis and S. fernandinus.
" 129495487,Squalus lobularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,lobularis,,,,,"Viana, Carvalho & Gomes, 2016",Squalus lobularis is a member of the Squalus mitsukurii species-complex. Its taxonomic description includes specimens formerly identified as S. cubensis and S. mitsukurii (Viana et al. 2016).
129495645,Squalus quasimodo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,quasimodo,,,,,"Viana, Carvalho & Gomes, 2016","Squalus quasimodo is a member of the Squalus mitsukurii species-complex. Its taxonomic description includes specimens formerly identified as S. blainvillei, S. fernandinus, S. lebruni, and S. mitsukurii (Viana et al. 2016)." 129495825,Scyliorhinus cabofriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,cabofriensis,,,,,"Soares, Gomes & Carvalho, 2016", 129495856,Scyliorhinus ugoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Scyliorhinus,ugoi,,,,,"Soares, Gadig & Gomes, 2015", 129495899,Discopyge castelloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Discopyge,castelloi,,,,,"Menni, Rincón & García, 2008", 129495924,Dipturus argentinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,argentinensis,,,,,"Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña, Hanner & Figueroa, 2008","Concha et al. (2019) synonymised the genus Zearaja with Dipturus, thereby relegating this species to the genus Dipturus." 103771879,Artisornis moreaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Artisornis,moreaui,,,,,"(W.L. Sclater, 1931)","

Artisornis moreaui and A. sousae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. moreaui following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22693690,Himantopus novaezelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,RECURVIROSTRIDAE,Himantopus,novaezelandiae,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 129512036,Diaphus fulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,fulgens,,,,,"(Brauer, 1904)",

There is some taxonomic uncertainty within this species complex that requires further work (Mundy 2005). 

129299545,Bolinichthys longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Bolinichthys,longipes,,,,,"(Brauer, 1906)", 129299583,Bolinichthys nikolayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Bolinichthys,nikolayi,,,,,"Becker, 1978", 129299900,Ceratoscopelus townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Ceratoscopelus,townsendi,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)", 129511248,Diaphus agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,agassizii,,,,,"Gilbert, 1908","The validity of this species has been questioned (Paxton 1979, Becker 1983, Mundy 2005, J. Paxton pers. comm. 2018)." 129511252,Diaphus aliciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,aliciae,,,,,"Fowler, 1934","There is possibly confusion between identifications of Diaphus aliciae and D. impostor, and taxonomic work is ongoing (A. Williams and J. Paxton pers. comm. 2018)." 129511256,Diaphus antonbruuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,antonbruuni,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 129511300,Diaphus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,arabicus,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 129511525,Diaphus basileusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,basileusi,,,,,"Becker & Prut'ko, 1984", 129511528,Diaphus chrysorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,chrysorhynchus,,,,,"Gilbert & Cramer, 1897", 129511555,Diaphus coeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,coeruleus,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1871)", 129511606,Diaphus confusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,confusus,,,,,"Becker, 1992",Further taxonomic research is needed. 129511614,Diaphus dahlgreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,dahlgreni,,,,,"Fowler, 1934",Further taxonomic research is needed. 129511745,Diaphus danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,danae,,,,,Tåning 1932, 129511856,Diaphus diademophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,diademophilus,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 129511949,Diaphus drachmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,drachmanni,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 129296993,Gymnoscopelus bolini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,bolini,,,,,"Andriashev, 1962", 129297014,Gymnoscopelus braueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,braueri,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1905)", 129297060,Gymnoscopelus fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,fraseri,,,,,"(Fraser-Brunner, 1931)", 129297075,Gymnoscopelus hintonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,hintonoides,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 129297101,Gymnoscopelus microlampas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,microlampas,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 129297138,Gymnoscopelus nicholsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,nicholsi,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1911)","Gymnoscopelus aphya and G. nicholsi are considered to be the same species, with the valid name being G. nicholsi (J. Paxton pers. comm. 2018). " 129297200,Gymnoscopelus opisthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,opisthopterus,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1949", 129297232,Gymnoscopelus piabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gymnoscopelus,piabilis,,,,,"(Whitley, 1931)", 129298547,Hintonia candens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hintonia,candens,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1949", 129300105,Lampadena notialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,notialis,,,,,"Nafpaktitis & Paxton, 1968", 129300151,Lampadena yaquinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampadena,yaquinae,,,,,"(Coleman & Nafpaktitis, 1972)", 129300299,Lampanyctus acanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,acanthurus,,,,,"Wisner, 1974", 129300330,Lampanyctus achirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,achirus,,,,,"Andriashev, 1962",This species can be easily confused with other Lampanyctus species (A. Williams pers. comm. 2018). 129302496,Lampanyctus bensoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,bensoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","Further taxonomic work is needed to determine the status of this species as it is suspected by some workers to be a junior synonym of Lampanyctus festivus (Paxton 1979, Mundy 2005)." 129388312,Lampanyctus bristori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,bristori,,,,,"(Zahuranec, 2000)", 129388760,Lampanyctus crypticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,crypticus,,,,,"(Zahuranec, 2000)", 129389236,Lampanyctus fernae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,fernae,,,,,"Wisner, 1971",Lampanyctus fernae has been misidentified as L. ritteri in the past (Wisner 1976). 129389241,Lampanyctus gemmifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,gemmifer,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 129389418,Lampanyctus hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,hawaiiensis,,,,,"(Zahuranec, 2000)", 129389530,Lampanyctus hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,hubbsi,,,,,"Wisner, 1963", 129389577,Lampanyctus idostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,idostigma,,,,,"Parr, 1931", 129390126,Lampanyctus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,indicus,,,,,"(Zahuranec, 2000)", 129390462,Lampanyctus iselinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,iselinoides,,,,,"Bussing, 1965", 129390595,Lampanyctus macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,macropterus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1904)", 129391378,Lampanyctus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,niger,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)",This species has been misidentified as Lampanyctus atrum in the past (Mundy 2005). 129391467,Lampanyctus omostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,omostigma,,,,,"Gilbert, 1908", 129391553,Lampanyctus parvicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,parvicauda,,,,,"Parr, 1931", 129394062,Lampanyctus phyllisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,phyllisae,,,,,"(Zahuranec, 2000)", 129394341,Lampanyctus regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,regalis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1892)", 129394449,Lampanyctus ritteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,ritteri,,,,,"Gilbert, 1915", 129394511,Lampanyctus simulator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,simulator,,,,,"Wisner, 1971", 129394603,Lampanyctus steinbecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,steinbecki,,,,,"Bolin, 1939", 129394677,Lampanyctus turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Lampanyctus,turneri,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 129511241,Triphoturus oculeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Triphoturus,oculeum,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)","This species was previously synonymized with Triphotourus mexicanus (Hulley 1986), but recent work supports T. oculeum as a valid species (Evseenko 2008)." 129511234,Triphoturus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Triphoturus,nigrescens,,,,,"(Brauer, 1904)", 129511227,Triphoturus microchir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Triphoturus,microchir,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1913)", 129511220,Triphoturus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Triphoturus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)","According to Evseenko (2008), Triphoturus mexicanus has two genetically different forms; one in California and one in Peru." 129511181,Stenobrachius nannochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Stenobrachius,nannochir,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 129511170,Stenobrachius leucopsarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Stenobrachius,leucopsarus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)", 18129278,Protomyctophum arcticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,arcticum,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 129511152,Parvilux ingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Parvilux,ingens,,,,,"Hubbs & Wisner, 1964", 129511143,Parvilux boschmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Parvilux,boschmai,,,,,"Hubbs & Wisner, 1964", 129299170,Notoscopelus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Notoscopelus,japonicus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1908)", 22696012,Pithecophaga jefferyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pithecophaga,jefferyi,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1897", 22728252,Ninox spilocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,spilocephala,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1878","

Ninox philippensis, N. spilocephala, N. leventisi, N. reyi, N. rumseyi, N. spilonotus and N. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22684693,Charmosyna amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,amabilis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1875)", 184047,Elops affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,ELOPIDAE,Elops,affinis,,,,,Regan 1909,Closely related to Elops saurus of the western Atlantic. 22705959,Corvus kubaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,kubaryi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1885", 192943,Dajaus monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Dajaus,monticola,,,,,"(Bancroft, 1834)", 191246,Agosia chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Agosia,chrysogaster,,,,,"Girard, 1856",This species was removed from the genus Agosia and placed in the genus Rhinichthys by Woodman (1992). Simons and Mayden (1999) recommended that the species be retained in the monotypic genus Agosia until its relationships are further clarified. Nelson et al. (2004) followed this recommendation. 193261,Aplodinotus grunniens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Aplodinotus,grunniens,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1819",Monotypic genus; the only North American freshwater representative of a large family. 22683499,Todiramphus gambieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,gambieri,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1895)", 103798480,Megalurulus whitneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurulus,whitneyi,,,,,"(Mayr, 1933)","

Megalurulus whitneyi and M. turipavae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. whitneyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103818534,Vidua interjecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,interjecta,,,,,"(Grote, 1922)", 22693404,Calidris bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,bairdii,,,,,"(Coues, 1861)", 191257,Campostoma ornatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Campostoma,ornatum,,,,,"Girard, 1856","This species is distinguished from other Campostoma by numerous morphological and biochemical characteristics (Buth and Burr 1978), but it is morphologically variable in confounding geographic patterns. Taxonomic status of the two allopatric (Arizona, Texas) U.S. populations warrants further study (Starnes 1995)." 22708835,Turdus ravidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,ravidus,,,,,"(Cory, 1886)", 191235,Carpiodes carpio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Carpiodes,carpio,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 4039,Catostomus bernardini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,bernardini,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 22697525,Threskiornis spinicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Threskiornis,spinicollis,,,,,"(Jameson, 1835)", 62193,Pantosteus clarkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Pantosteus,clarkii,,,,,"(Baird and Girard, 1854)",This species was regarded as member of genus Pantosteus by Clarkson and Minckley (1988); other authors regard Pantosteus as a subgenus (Sublette et al. 1990). See Clarkson and Minckley (1988) for information on hybridization between Catostomus clarkii and Catostomus insignis. See Smith (1992) for a study of the phylogeny and biogeography of the Catostomidae. See also Crabtree and Buth (1987) for information on taxonomic relationships. 191236,Catostomus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,insignis,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1854", 18220,Procambarus angustatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,angustatus,,,,,"(LeConte, 1856)", 6006,Cycleptus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Cycleptus,elongatus,,,,,"(Lesueur, 1817)", 6136,Cyprinella formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,formosa,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 191260,Cyprinella lutrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,lutrensis,,,,,"(Baird and Girard, 1853)", 6623,Dionda diaboli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Dionda,diaboli,,,,,"Hubbs & Brown, 1957",This species is going to be split into two different species. D. diaboli with distribution in the US and in Rio Conchos in Mexico. 22685245,Strigops habroptila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,STRIGOPIDAE,Strigops,habroptila,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 199653,Eviota ancora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,ancora,,,,,"Greenfield & Suzuki, 2011", 47269499,Eviota dorsopurpurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,dorsopurpurea,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 2011", 47403227,Eviota nigramembrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,nigramembrana,,,,,"Greenfield & Suzuki, 2013", 199655,Eviota nigrispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,nigrispina,,,,,"Greenfield & Suzuki, 2010", 20342,Somatochlora hineana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,hineana,,,,,"Williamson, 1931", 168013,Diplacodes pumila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacodes,pumila,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2006",See Dijkstra (2006) for taxonomy. 190367,Lophiodes monodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,monodi,,,,,"(Le Danois, 1971)", 18179796,Benthodesmus simonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Benthodesmus,simonyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1891)", 190319,Brotulotaenia crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotulotaenia,crassa,,,,,"Parr, 1934", 67962660,Brotulotaenia nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotulotaenia,nigra,,,,,"Parr, 1933","Other workers have questioned the separation of this species from Brotulotaenia crassa in the past, but Nielsen and Møller (2015) consider it a valid species." 18140823,Dolichopteryx rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OPISTHOPROCTIDAE,Dolichopteryx,rostrata,,,,,Fukui & Kitagawa 2006, 68064747,Paralepis brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Paralepis,brevirostris,,,,,"(Parr, 1928)", 194999,Paralepis coregonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Paralepis,coregonoides,,,,,"Risso, 1820", 198648,Schedophilus medusophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROLOPHIDAE,Schedophilus,medusophagus,,,,,"(Cocco, 1839)",Molecular studies suggest that the genus Schedophilus is not monophyletic (Milana et al. 2011). 68062225,Bathophilus proximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,proximus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 190181,Grammatostomias circularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Grammatostomias,circularis,,,,,"Morrow, 1959", 190338,Nezumia longebarbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,longebarbata,,,,,"(Roule & Angel, 1933)", 68064929,Pseudoscopelus obtusifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,obtusifrons,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","This species was previously considered a possible synonym of Pseudoscopelus scriptus by Prokofiev and Kukuev (2007), but further investigation by Prokofiev (2011, 2014) concluded it is valid." 18126112,Trachonurus sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Trachonurus,sulcatus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 22713436,Cisticola aberdare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,aberdare,,,,,"Lynes, 1930", 22692129,Bugeranus carunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Bugeranus,carunculatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Has been considered congeneric with Leucogeranus leucogeranus alone, on basis of some morphological and behavioural similarities, but molecular evidence has revealed deep distinctiveness of latter (Krajewski et al. 2010). Three main populations, but not considered subspecifically distinct. Monotypic." 22692966,Mesitornis unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MESITORNITHIFORMES,MESITORNITHIDAE,Mesitornis,unicolor,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1845)", 22692949,Mesitornis variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MESITORNITHIFORMES,MESITORNITHIDAE,Mesitornis,variegatus,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1838", 22697369,Phoeniconaias minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHOENICOPTERIFORMES,PHOENICOPTERIDAE,Phoeniconaias,minor,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1798)", 22691896,Tetrax tetrax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Tetrax,tetrax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696201,Stephanoaetus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Stephanoaetus,coronatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22695613,Accipiter madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,madagascariensis,,,,,"Smith, 1834", 22691924,Ardeotis arabs,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Ardeotis,arabs,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22682585,Bycanistes cylindricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bycanistes,cylindricus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22706710,Lobotos lobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lobotos,lobatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)",

Lobotos lobatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Campephaga lobata.

 

22708108,Picathartes gymnocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PICATHARTIDAE,Picathartes,gymnocephalus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22713069,Bleda eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Bleda,eximius,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)", 22709095,Melaenornis annamarulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,annamarulae,,,,,"Forbes-Watson, 1970", 45354985,Lophura edwardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,edwardsi,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1896)","Lophura edwardsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as L. edwardsi and L. hatinhensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Lophura imperialis (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) is considered a hybrid between Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera and Vietnam Pheasant L. edwardsi following Rasmussen (1998), Garson (2001) and BirdLife International (2001)." 103718860,Lanius giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,giganteus,,,,,"Przevalski, 1887","

Lanius sphenocercus and L. giganteus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. sphenocercus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 68062262,Bathymicrops multispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,IPNOPIDAE,Bathymicrops,multispinis,,,,,"Nielsen & Merrett, 1992", 67963784,Cetichthys indagator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CETOMIMIFORMES,CETOMIMIDAE,Cetichthys,indagator,,,,,"(Rofen, 1959)", 191209,Dorosoma anale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dorosoma,anale,,,,,"Meek, 1904", 191212,Dorosoma smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dorosoma,smithi,,,,,"Hubbs & Miller, 1941", 8115,Etheostoma grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Etheostoma,grahami,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 191315,Fundulus zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,zebrinus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1883", 8896,Gambusia senilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,senilis,,,,,"Girard, 1859", 8899,Gambusia speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,speciosa,,,,,"Girard, 1859", 9185,Gila ditaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,ditaenia,,,,,"Miller, 1945", 9189,Gila nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,nigrescens,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 9190,Gila purpurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,purpurea,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 62201,Gila robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,robusta,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853","The Gila robusta complex includes nominal species G. robusta, G. intermedius, and G. nigrescens, all of which are described from the lower Colorado River basin in Arizona and New Mexico (Page et al. 2017). While they are currently considered valid, several studies suggest combining the complex under the senior synonym G. robusta (Page et al. 2017, Carter et al. 2018, Copus et al. 2018). Observed morphological and genetic variation is likely the result of past geographic isolation and differentiation followed by recent mixing and hybridization (Page et al. 2017). If such changes occur, reassessment is warranted based on a non-genuine change in total population size and distribution." 192895,Herichthys cyanoguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herichthys,cyanoguttatus,,,,,"Baird and Girard, 1854", 10768,Ictalurus lupus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ictalurus,lupus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 58476,Cornufer pelewensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,pelewensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","This species was moved to the genus Cornufer from Platymantis by Brown et al. (2015).

This species may represent a species complex (R. Günther pers. comm. to R. Crombie August 2018) and there is unusual variation within its calling, however no genetic studies have been carried out to verify this to date (R. Crombie pers. comm. August 2018)." 10770,Ictalurus pricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ICTALURIDAE,Ictalurus,pricei,,,,,"(Rutter, 1896)", 191242,Ictiobus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Ictiobus,niger,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1819)", 191027,Lepisosteus osseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LEPISOSTEIFORMES,LEPISOSTEIDAE,Lepisosteus,osseus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 191830,Lepomis gulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,gulosus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 62216,Lepomis megalotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTRARCHIDAE,Lepomis,megalotis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 191368,Lucania parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Lucania,parva,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1855)", 22685072,Polytelis swainsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Polytelis,swainsonii,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1826)", 22695010,Lophoictinia isura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Lophoictinia,isura,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 181547,Microphis brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,brachyurus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 22678235,Crypturellus casiquiare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,casiquiare,,,,,"(Chapman, 1929)", 22678238,Crypturellus tataupa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,tataupa,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22678883,Pternistis nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,nobilis,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1908)",Pternistis nobilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 191270,Notropis amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,amabilis,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 191273,Notropis buchanani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,buchanani,,,,,"Meek, 1896", 22679017,Arborophila torqueola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,torqueola,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1826)", 22679060,Arborophila rubrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,rubrirostris,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)", 14887,Notropis jemezanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,jemezanus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 14891,Notropis orca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,orca,,,,,"Woolman, 1894", 14896,Notropis simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,simus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 22680115,Amazonetta brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Amazonetta,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680647,Indicator meliphilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,meliphilus,,,,,"(Oberholser, 1905)", 22680694,Picumnus innominatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,innominatus,,,,,"Burton, 1836", 22680753,Picumnus albosquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,albosquamatus,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1840", 22680762,Picumnus limae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,limae,,,,,"Snethlage, 1924", 22680768,Picumnus castelnau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,castelnau,,,,,"Malherbe, 1862", 22680777,Picumnus granadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,granadensis,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1847", 191289,Notropis stramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Notropis,stramineus,,,,,"(Cope, 1865)", 193260,Percina macrolepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percina,macrolepida,,,,,"Stevenson, 1971", 22680831,Melanerpes cactorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,cactorum,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1840)", 191292,Pimephales promelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pimephales,promelas,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1820", 191293,Pimephales vigilax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pimephales,vigilax,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)", 22680834,Melanerpes striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,striatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 191747,Poecilia formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,formosa,,,,,"(Girard, 1860)", 22680871,Sphyrapicus nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Sphyrapicus,nuchalis,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 22680874,Sphyrapicus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Sphyrapicus,ruber,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22680906,Campethera mombassica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campethera,mombassica,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)", 22681076,Dryobates minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dryobates,minor,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Dryobates minor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22681199,Veniliornis passerinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,passerinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22681202,Veniliornis frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,frontalis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1883)", 22681219,Veniliornis cassini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,cassini,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1862)", 22681338,Celeus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,lugubris,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1851)", 22681386,Campephilus pollens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,pollens,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1845)", 22681396,Campephilus rubricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,rubricollis,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22681437,Chrysophlegma flavinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysophlegma,flavinucha,,,,,"(Gould, 1834)",Chrysophlegma flavinucha (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picus. 22681481,Picus erythropygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,erythropygius,,,,,"(Elliot, 1865)", 22681546,Blythipicus pyrrhotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Blythipicus,pyrrhotis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)", 22681575,Mulleripicus fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Mulleripicus,fulvus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22681591,Psilopogon virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,virens,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",Psilopogon virens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681594,Psilopogon lagrandieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,lagrandieri,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1868)",Psilopogon lagrandieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681606,Psilopogon faiostrictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,faiostrictus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1831)",Psilopogon faiostrictus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima as M. faiostricta. 22681612,Psilopogon chrysopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,chrysopogon,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)",Psilopogon chrysopogon (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima. 22681655,Psilopogon pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)",Psilopogon pulcherrimus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima as M. pulcherrima. 22681665,Psilopogon eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,eximius,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)",Psilopogon eximius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Megalaima as M. eximia. 22681740,Pogoniulus coryphaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,coryphaea,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)",Pogoniulus coryphaea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. coryphaeus. 22681754,Pogoniulus simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Pogoniulus,simplex,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)", 22681786,Tricholaema hirsuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Tricholaema,hirsuta,,,,,"(Swainson, 1821)", 22681905,Capito aurovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,aurovirens,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 62204,Rhinichthys cataractae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,cataractae,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","

Species delineation across R. cataractae s. l. has been an area of controversy for nearly a century (Kim and Conway 2014). Several subspecies have been proposed, although the validity of some are still a topic of debate (Rusket and Taylor 2016). Some evidence suggests that species level consideration is warranted for western and eastern populations (Kim and Conway 2014). Pending formal descriptions of species level delineation, non-genuine changes in the distribution or listing of R. cataractae are likely, which may warrant reassessment.

" 39285,Tiaroga cobitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tiaroga,cobitis,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 62205,Rhinichthys osculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhinichthys,osculus,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)","

Rhinichthys osculus exhibits high genetic diversity throughout much of its native range, under which several subspecies have been proposed or validated (Oakey et al. 2004, Billman et al. 2010, Hoekzema and Sidlaukis 2014, Wiesenfeld et al. 2018). Some studies suggest that many of these populations warrant consideration at the species level (Hoekzema and Sidlaukis 2014). Pending description of the high cryptic diversity within the R. oculus subspecies complex, non-genuine changes in the distribution or listing of R. osculus are likely.

" 174482,Sauromalus hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Sauromalus,hispidus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1891","

The species has been taxonomically supported since its description (Hollingsworth 1998). Morphological data places Sauromalus hispidus as sister to the clade containing S. ater, S. klauberi, and S. slevini (Hollingsworth 1998), while molecular data place S. hispidus as a sister to S. varius (Petren and Case 1997).

" 181105,Doryichthys boaja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryichthys,boaja,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1850)", 181217,Doryichthys deokhatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryichthys,deokhatoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 65365983,Doryichthys heterosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryichthys,heterosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 180652,Doryichthys martensii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Doryichthys,martensii,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 22682066,Andigena nigrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Andigena,nigrirostris,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1839)", 22682170,Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbalcyrhynchus,purusianus,,,,,"Goeldi, 1904", 22682183,Brachygalba albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Brachygalba,albogularis,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22682286,Malacoptila fulvogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,fulvogularis,,,,,"Sclater, 1854", 22682289,Malacoptila rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,rufa,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22682304,Nonnula sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nonnula,sclateri,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1907", 22682315,Nonnula ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nonnula,ruficapilla,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22682325,Monasa atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Monasa,atra,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22682363,Lophoceros camurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,camurus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)",Lophoceros camurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tockus. 22682409,Lophoceros hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Lophoceros,hemprichii,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1833)",Lophoceros hemprichii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Tockus. 22682548,Bycanistes bucinator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bycanistes,bucinator,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22682570,Bycanistes brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bycanistes,brevis,,,,,"(Friedmann, 1929)", 22682748,Priotelus temnurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Priotelus,temnurus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22682771,Trogon comptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,comptus,,,,,"Zimmer, 1948", 22682788,Trogon melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,melanocephalus,,,,,"Gould, 1836", 22682791,Trogon mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,mexicanus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 22682816,Trogon curucui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,curucui,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22682851,Harpactes oreskios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Harpactes,oreskios,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22682905,Coracias temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,temminckii,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22683667,Meropogon forsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Meropogon,forsteni,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22683827,Cuculus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,crassirostris,,,,,"Walden, 1872", 22683870,Cuculus micropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,micropterus,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22683913,Cercococcyx montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cercococcyx,montanus,,,,,"Chapin, 1928", 22684000,Chrysococcyx maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chrysococcyx,maculatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22684003,Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chrysococcyx,xanthorhynchus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22684012,Chrysococcyx flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chrysococcyx,flavigularis,,,,,"Shelley, 1880", 22684110,Zanclostomus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Zanclostomus,javanicus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)",Zanclostomus javanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phaenicophaeus. 22684113,Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Rhamphococcyx,calyorhynchus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)",Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phaenicophaeus. 22684152,Coua coquereli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,coquereli,,,,,"Grandidier, 1867", 22684156,Coua serriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,serriana,,,,,"Pucheran, 1845", 22684160,Coua reynaudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,reynaudii,,,,,"Pucheran, 1845", 22684164,Coua cursor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,cursor,,,,,"Grandidier, 1867", 22684188,Coua caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,caerulea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22684243,Centropus toulou,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,toulou,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22684318,Coccycua cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccycua,cinerea,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22684346,Coccyzus lansbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,lansbergi,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22684376,Piaya melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Piaya,melanogaster,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22684399,Coccyzus vetula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,vetula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684408,Coccyzus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,longirostris,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22684455,Dromococcyx pavoninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Dromococcyx,pavoninus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1870", 63570,Argyrosomus hololepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,hololepidotus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)","Commerson's original specimen from Fort Dauphin, Madagascar and his description of the species were lost (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830 - in: Griffiths and Heemstra (1995)). Following examination of Argyrosomus specimens from several countries, including Madagascar, Griffiths and Heemstra (1995) designated a neotype of A. hololepidotus to resolve some of the taxonomic confusion in this genus." 22684491,Chalcopsitta duivenbodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Chalcopsitta,duivenbodei,,,,,"(Dubois, 1884)", 198706,Argyrosomus regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,regius,,,,,"(Asso, 1801)", 22684578,Psitteuteles goldiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psitteuteles,goldiei,,,,,"Sharpe, 1882", 22684594,Lorius lory,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lorius,lory,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684823,Cacatua ducorpsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,ducorpsii,,,,,"Pucheran, 1853", 22684945,Geoffroyus geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Geoffroyus,geoffroyi,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1811)", 22684997,Prioniturus platurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prioniturus,platurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22685338,Agapornis swindernianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,swindernianus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 155157,Atrobucca kyushini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,kyushini,,,,,"Sasaki & Kailola, 1988", 22685577,Ara severus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,severus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685820,Pyrrhura molinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,molinae,,,,,"(Massena & Souancé, 1854)", 22685963,Brotogeris chiriri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,chiriri,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22686021,Touit dilectissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,dilectissimus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)", 22686090,Pionopsitta pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionopsitta,pileata,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)", 154979,Bahaba chaptis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bahaba,chaptis,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 61334,Bahaba taipingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bahaba,taipingensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1932)", 22686453,Cypseloides fumigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,fumigatus,,,,,"(Streubel, 1848)", 22686479,Streptoprocne biscutata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Streptoprocne,biscutata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)", 22686504,Collocalia troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Collocalia,troglodytes,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 22686522,Aerodramus infuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,infuscatus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1880)",Aerodramus infuscatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia as C. infuscata. 22686558,Aerodramus salangana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,salangana,,,,,"(Streubel, 1848)",Aerodramus salangana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22686638,Zoonavena grandidieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Zoonavena,grandidieri,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1867)", 22686652,Telacanthura ussheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Telacanthura,ussheri,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1870)", 22686672,Neafrapus boehmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Neafrapus,boehmi,,,,,"(Schalow, 1882)", 22686747,Tachornis furcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Tachornis,furcata,,,,,"(Sutton, 1928)", 22686819,Apus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,barbatus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)", 22686839,Apus balstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,balstoni,,,,,"(Bartlett, 1880)", 22686887,Apus batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,batesi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1904)", 169353,Johnius coitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,coitor,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 22686891,Hemiprocne coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,HEMIPROCNIDAE,Hemiprocne,coronata,,,,,"(Tickell, 1833)", 22686928,Threnetes leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Threnetes,leucurus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22686940,Phaethornis superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,superciliosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Phaethornis longirostris, P. mexicanus and P. baroni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. longirostris following SACC (2005), and before then were also lumped with P. superciliosus as P. superciliosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 191239,Ictiobus bubalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Ictiobus,bubalus,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1818)", 22686946,Phaethornis malaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,malaris,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1835)", 22686949,Phaethornis eurynome,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,eurynome,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22686952,Phaethornis hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,hispidus,,,,,"(Gould, 1846)", 22686973,Phaethornis augusti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,augusti,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22686979,Phaethornis subochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,subochraceus,,,,,"Todd, 1915", 22686982,Phaethornis nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,nattereri,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1887", 22687010,Phaethornis idaliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,idaliae,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1856)", 22687146,Avocettula recurvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Avocettula,recurvirostris,,,,,"(Swainson, 1822)", 155242,Johnius trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,trewavasae,,,,,"Sasaki, 1992", 22687181,Lophornis ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,ornatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22687259,Discosura langsdorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Discosura,langsdorffi,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)", 22687275,Discosura conversii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Discosura,conversii,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)", 22687458,Amazilia oenone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,oenone,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)","Amazilia oenone (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Chrysuronia oenone (del Hoyo et al. 2014), but Ornelas et al. (2014) found Chrysuronia nested within Amazilia." 22687491,Leucippus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Leucippus,fallax,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)", 22687676,Lampornis sybillae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,sybillae,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1892)", 13915,Moxostoma congestum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Moxostoma,congestum,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1854)", 22687743,Heliodoxa leadbeateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,leadbeateri,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)", 22687874,Boissonneaua jardini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Boissonneaua,jardini,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)", 22687962,Urosticte benjamini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Urosticte,benjamini,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)", 22688108,Heliothryx barroti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliothryx,barroti,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)", 22688144,Heliomaster furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliomaster,furcifer,,,,,"(Shaw, 1812)", 22688331,Tauraco livingstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,livingstonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1864)", 22688335,Tauraco corythaix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,corythaix,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22688350,Tauraco macrorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,macrorhynchus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1839)", 22688703,Otus brookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,brookii,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)", 22688856,Megascops watsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,watsonii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1848)", 22688970,Bubo nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,nipalensis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 22688996,Bubo leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,leucostictus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1855", 22689017,Ketupa flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ketupa,flavipes,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22689032,Scotopelia peli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Scotopelia,peli,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22689048,Scotopelia bouvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Scotopelia,bouvieri,,,,,"Sharpe, 1875", 22689133,Ciccaba nigrolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ciccaba,nigrolineata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)",Ciccaba nigrolineata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Strix.

22689154,Ciccaba albitarsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ciccaba,albitarsis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",Ciccaba albitarsis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Strix.

22689177,Lophostrix cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Lophostrix,cristata,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22689180,Pulsatrix perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Pulsatrix,perspicillata,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22689183,Pulsatrix melanota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Pulsatrix,melanota,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22689186,Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Pulsatrix,koeniswaldiana,,,,,"(Bertoni & Bertoni, 1901)", 22689234,Glaucidium hardyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,hardyi,,,,,"Vielliard, 1990", 22689240,Glaucidium minutissimum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,minutissimum,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 22689295,Glaucidium castaneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,castaneum,,,,,"Neumann, 1893", 22689475,Ninox variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,variegata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22689517,Asio madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Asio,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 22689546,Aegotheles crinifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,AEGOTHELIDAE,Aegotheles,crinifrons,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22689607,Batrachostomus hodgsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,hodgsoni,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 22689786,Antrostomus cubanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,cubanensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1860",Antrostomus cubanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus.

 22689868,Nyctipolus hirundinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctipolus,hirundinaceus,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)",Nyctipolus hirundinaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 191269,Macrhybopsis aestivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Macrhybopsis,aestivalis,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 22690127,Columba unicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,unicincta,,,,,"Cassin, 1860", 22690321,Patagioenas plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,plumbea,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22690340,Patagioenas goodsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,goodsoni,,,,,"Hartert, 1902", 22690359,Columba delegorguei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,delegorguei,,,,,"Delegorgue, 1847", 22690493,Streptopelia tranquebarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,tranquebarica,,,,,"(Hermann, 1804)", 22690789,Columbina buckleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,buckleyi,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1877)", 22690877,Leptotila rufaxilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,rufaxilla,,,,,"(Richard & Bernard, 1792)", 22690886,Leptotila pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,pallida,,,,,"Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884", 22690946,Zentrygon linearis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,linearis,,,,,"(Prévost, 1843)",Zentrygon linearis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon. 22691009,Gallicolumba rufigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gallicolumba,rufigula,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1853)", 22691014,Gallicolumba tristigmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gallicolumba,tristigmata,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22691132,Treron olax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,olax,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22691160,Treron curvirostra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,curvirostra,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22691252,Treron apicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,apicauda,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 22691327,Ramphiculus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)",Ramphiculus occipitalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus. 22691346,Ramphiculus leclancheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ramphiculus,leclancheri,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)",Ramphiculus leclancheri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus. 22691362,Megaloprepia formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Megaloprepia,formosa,,,,,"Gray, 1860",Megaloprepia formosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus as P. bernsteinii. 22691617,Ducula forsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,forsteni,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)", 22691629,Ducula radiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,radiata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22691694,Ducula pistrinaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,pistrinaria,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1855", 22691765,Ducula melanochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,melanochroa,,,,,"(Sclater, 1878)", 22691807,Ducula luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,luctuosa,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)","Ducula spilorrhoa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as D. spilorrhoa, D. subflavescens and D. constans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), but D. constans was subsequently lumped with D. spilorrhoa because Christidis and Boles (2008) did not recognize it (an Australian endemic) as a separate species. D. bicolor, D. luctuosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014, Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) and D. spilorrhoa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) are retained as separate species contra Christidis and Boles (2008), who included constans, spilorrhoa, subflavescens and luctuosa as subspecies of bicolor.

" 22691847,Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Cryptophaps,poecilorrhoa,,,,,"(Brüggemann, 1876)", 22692015,Houbaropsis bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Houbaropsis,bengalensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693239,Tringa solitaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Tringa,solitaria,,,,,"Wilson, 1813", 22697226,Calherodius leuconotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Calherodius,leuconotus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)",Calherodius leuconotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gorsachius. 22697250,Cochlearius cochlearius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Cochlearius,cochlearius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22697259,Tigrisoma mexicanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Tigrisoma,mexicanum,,,,,"Swainson, 1834", 22697277,Tigriornis leucolopha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Tigriornis,leucolopha,,,,,"(Jardine, 1846)", 22697484,Bostrychia rara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Bostrychia,rara,,,,,"(Rothschild, Hartert & Kleinschmidt, 1897)", 22698599,Hydrornis phayrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,phayrei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1863)",Hydrornis phayrei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta phayrei. 22698608,Hydrornis oatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,oatesi,,,,,"Hume, 1873",Hydrornis oatesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta oatesi. 22698659,Erythropitta arquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,arquata,,,,,"(Gould, 1871)",Erythropitta arquata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta arcuata. 22698676,Pitta reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,reichenowi,,,,,"Madarász, 1901", 22698694,Pitta elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,elegans,,,,,"Temminck, 1836", 22698760,Calyptomena whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOMENIDAE,Calyptomena,whiteheadi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1888", 191238,Pantosteus plebeius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Pantosteus,plebeius,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1854)","

At the southern end of the range in Durango and Zacatecas, Mexico, the population in the Pacific slope Rio Mesquital drainage was markedly genetically divergent from populations in the Rio Nazas and Rio Aguanaval drainages; possibly two different taxa are represented (Ferris et al. 1982, Echelle 1991). Miller (2005) recognized the Rio Nazas population as distinct (Catostomus nebuliferus). Populations in the rios Fuerte, Mezquital, and Piaxtla (Pacific Slope of Mexico) may constitute one or more distinct taxa and (pending further study) that were not identified to the species level (Miller 2005, Unmack et al. 2014).

" 22698763,Philepitta castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHILEPITTIDAE,Philepitta,castanea,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22698771,Neodrepanis coruscans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHILEPITTIDAE,Neodrepanis,coruscans,,,,,"Sharpe, 1875", 22698786,Sapayoa aenigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SAPAYOIDAE,Sapayoa,aenigma,,,,,"Hartert, 1903", 22698803,Mionectes rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mionectes,rufiventris,,,,,"Cabanis, 1846", 22698852,Taeniotriccus andrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Taeniotriccus,andrei,,,,,"Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902", 22698859,Hemitriccus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,minor,,,,,"(Snethlage, 1907)", 22698870,Hemitriccus flammulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,flammulatus,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1901", 22698876,Hemitriccus diops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,diops,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22698922,Hemitriccus nidipendulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,nidipendulus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 191262,Dionda argentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Dionda,argentosa,,,,,"Baird, 1857", 22699072,Phyllomyias fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,fasciatus,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1822)", 22699107,Phyllomyias griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phyllomyias,griseiceps,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1871)", 22699205,Sublegatus obscurior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sublegatus,obscurior,,,,,"Todd, 1920", 22699242,Myiopagis flavivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,flavivertex,,,,,"(Sclater, 1887)", 22699274,Elaenia parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,parvirostris,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22699280,Elaenia mesoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,mesoleuca,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)", 22699286,Elaenia pelzelni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,pelzelni,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1907", 22699473,Pogonotriccus orbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pogonotriccus,orbitalis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)",Pogonotriccus orbitalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylloscartes orbitalis. 22699520,Phylloscartes ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,ventralis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22699569,Lophotriccus galeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lophotriccus,galeatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 191256,Campostoma anomalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Campostoma,anomalum,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)","Campostoma spadiceum (highland stoneroller), formerly included in this species, was recognized as a distinct species by Cashner et al. (2010)." 22699629,Platyrinchus cancrominus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,cancrominus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1860", 22699638,Platyrinchus flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,flavigularis,,,,,"Sclater, 1862", 22699647,Onychorhynchus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Onychorhynchus,coronatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22699671,Myiophobus phoenicomitra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,phoenicomitra,,,,,"(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)", 22699801,Contopus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,lugubris,,,,,"Lawrence, 1865", 22700239,Knipolegus cyanirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,cyanirostris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22700244,Knipolegus poecilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,poecilurus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1862)", 22700350,Attila rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Attila,rufus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22700415,Myiarchus ferox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,ferox,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22700476,Ramphotrigon ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ramphotrigon,ruficauda,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22700530,Tyrannopsis sulphurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannopsis,sulphurea,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22700569,Myiodynastes bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiodynastes,bairdii,,,,,"(Gambel, 1847)", 22700593,Myiozetetes luteiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiozetetes,luteiventris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22701232,Batara cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Batara,cinerea,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22701244,Frederickena unduliger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Frederickena,unduliger,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22701384,Dysithamnus puncticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,puncticeps,,,,,"Salvin, 1866", 22701387,Dysithamnus xanthopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,xanthopterus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1856)", 22701469,Epinecrophylla fulviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,fulviventris,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 22701474,Epinecrophylla leucophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Epinecrophylla,leucophthalma,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22701508,Myrmotherula sunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,sunensis,,,,,"Chapman, 1925", 22701536,Myrmotherula menetriesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,menetriesii,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1837)", 22701540,Myrmotherula assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,assimilis,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22701555,Herpsilochmus atricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,atricapillus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22701580,Herpsilochmus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,longirostris,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22701629,Drymophila devillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,devillei,,,,,"(Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906)", 22701643,Terenura maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Terenura,maculata,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22701662,Cercomacra cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacra,cinerascens,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22701692,Cercomacra melanaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacra,melanaria,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1835)", 22701737,Hypocnemoides melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemoides,melanopogon,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22701749,Sclateria naevia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sclateria,naevia,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22701779,Sipia berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Sipia,berlepschi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1898)",

Sipia berlepschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza berlepschi.

 

22701801,Myrmoderus squamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoderus,squamosus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)",

Myrmoderus squamosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza squamosa.

 

22701835,Akletos melanoceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Akletos,melanoceps,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)",

Akletos melanoceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza melanoceps.

 

22701841,Hafferia fortis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hafferia,fortis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)",

Hafferia fortis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza fortis.

 

6139,Cyprinella proserpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Cyprinella,proserpina,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 22701851,Myrmophylax atrothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmophylax,atrothorax,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",

Myrmophylax atrothorax (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza atrothorax.

 

22701887,Oneillornis salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Oneillornis,salvini,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)",

Oneillornis salvini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Gymnopithys salvini.

 

22703618,Ailuroedus buccoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Ailuroedus,buccoides,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22703621,Ailuroedus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Ailuroedus,melanotis,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)", 22703644,Amblyornis inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Amblyornis,inornata,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)", 22703654,Amblyornis subalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Amblyornis,subalaris,,,,,"Sharpe, 1884", 22703679,Ptilonorhynchus violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Ptilonorhynchus,violaceus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22703694,Chlamydera nuchalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Chlamydera,nuchalis,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1830)", 22703752,Malurus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,elegans,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 154822,Pterotolithus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pterotolithus,maculatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 198707,Sciaena umbra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Sciaena,umbra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22703934,Melilestes megarhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melilestes,megarhynchus,,,,,"(Gray, 1858)", 22703940,Glycichaera fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Glycichaera,fallax,,,,,"Salvadori, 1878", 22703943,Lichmera lombokia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,lombokia,,,,,"(Mathews, 1926)", 22703955,Lichmera incana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,incana,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22703959,Lichmera squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,squamata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)", 22703969,Lichmera monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,monticola,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1912)", 22703972,Lichmera flavicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Lichmera,flavicans,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22703984,Microptilotis montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,montanus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1880)",

Microptilotis montanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga montana.

 

22703987,Microptilotis mimikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,mimikae,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1911)",

Microptilotis mimikae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga mimikae.

 

22703990,Microptilotis orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,orientalis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1894)",

Microptilotis orientalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga orientalis.

 

22703996,Meliphaga aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Meliphaga,aruensis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1884)", 22703999,Microptilotis analogus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,analogus,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1852)",

Microptilotis analogus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga analoga.

 

22704013,Microptilotis flavirictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,flavirictus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1880)",

Microptilotis flavirictus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga flavirictus.

 

22704040,Caligavis obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Caligavis,obscura,,,,,"(De Vis, 1897)",

Caligavis obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus obscurus.

 

22704016,Meliphaga lewinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Meliphaga,lewinii,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22704037,Caligavis subfrenata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Caligavis,subfrenata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)",

Caligavis subfrenata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus subfrenatus.

 

22704052,Caligavis chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Caligavis,chrysops,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)",

Caligavis chrysops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus chrysops.

 

22704058,Gavicalis fasciogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gavicalis,fasciogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1854)",

Gavicalis fasciogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus fasciogularis.

 

22704064,Stomiopera flava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Stomiopera,flava,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)",

Stomiopera flava (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus flavus.

 

22704088,Ptilotula fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptilotula,fusca,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)",

Ptilotula fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus fuscus.

 

22704097,Ptilotula penicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptilotula,penicillata,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)",

Ptilotula penicillata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus penicillatus.

 

22704103,Xanthotis polygrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Xanthotis,polygrammus,,,,,"(Gray, 1861)", 22704119,Meliphacator provocator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Meliphacator,provocator,,,,,"(Layard, 1875)",Meliphacator provocator (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Xanthotis provocator. 22704122,Oreornis chrysogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Oreornis,chrysogenys,,,,,"van Oort, 1910", 22704161,Pycnopygius ixoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Pycnopygius,ixoides,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1878)", 22704164,Pycnopygius cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Pycnopygius,cinereus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1873)", 22704151,Melithreptus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)", 22704233,Ptiloprora plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptiloprora,plumbea,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1894)", 22704236,Ptiloprora meekiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptiloprora,meekiana,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1907)", 22704239,Ptiloprora erythropleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptiloprora,erythropleura,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)", 22704242,Ptiloprora mayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptiloprora,mayri,,,,,"Hartert, 1930", 22704245,Ptiloprora guisei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptiloprora,guisei,,,,,"(De Vis, 1894)", 22704248,Ptiloprora perstriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Ptiloprora,perstriata,,,,,"(De Vis, 1898)", 22704252,Melionyx fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melionyx,fuscus,,,,,"(De Vis, 1897)","Previously placed in Melidectes, now separated with M. nouhuysi and M. princeps in Melionyx, following Andersen et al. (2019) who confirmed a paraphyletic circumstance in Melidectes reported in an earlier study in which the three species above occupy a separate clade; they are also vocally and morphologically distinct, with sooty plumage lacking green wings and tail. The authors propose reviving the genus Melionyx (mentioned in the Checklist genus account for Melidectes) for these three species, and this is accepted here. The three comprise a group of medium-sized species that differ from other current congeners in size, morphology, plumage and voice. Populations across Central Ranges previously recognized as subspecies occidentalis, including Eastern Highlands form gilliardi; but recent study (Beehler & Pratt 2016) noted no discernible plumage or bare-part differences, and size variation is clinal (small in W to large in E & SE). Monotypic." 22704260,Melionyx nouhuysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melionyx,nouhuysi,,,,,"(van Oort, 1910)","Previously placed in Melidectes, now separated with M. fuscus and M. princeps in Melionyx, following Andersen et al. (2019) who confirmed a paraphyletic circumstance in Melidectes reported in an earlier study in which the three species above occupy a separate clade; they are also vocally and morphologically distinct, with sooty plumage lacking green wings and tail. The authors propose reviving the genus Melionyx (mentioned in the Checklist genus account for Melidectes) for these three species, and this is accepted here. The three comprise a group of medium-sized species that differ from other current congeners in size, morphology, plumage and voice. Length of bill may vary, being longer in Star Mts. than in Snow Mts.; study required. Monotypic." 22704268,Melidectes ochromelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melidectes,ochromelas,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)", 22704272,Melidectes leucostephes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melidectes,leucostephes,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)", 22704276,Melidectes belfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melidectes,belfordi,,,,,"(De Vis, 1890)", 22704280,Melidectes rufocrissalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melidectes,rufocrissalis,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1915)", 22704284,Melidectes foersteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melidectes,foersteri,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)", 22704288,Melidectes torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melidectes,torquatus,,,,,"Sclater, 1873", 22704292,Meliarchus sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Meliarchus,sclateri,,,,,"(Gray, 1870)",Meliarchus sclateri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Melidectes sclateri. 22704295,Melipotes gymnops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melipotes,gymnops,,,,,"Sclater, 1873", 22704304,Melipotes ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melipotes,ater,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1911", 22704307,Myza celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myza,celebensis,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895)", 22704310,Myza sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myza,sarasinorum,,,,,"Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895", 22704378,Gliciphila undulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gliciphila,undulata,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1787)",

Gliciphila undulata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylidonyris undulatus.

 

22704385,Gliciphila notabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gliciphila,notabilis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1899",

Gliciphila notabilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylidonyris notabilis.

22700617,Schiffornis major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Schiffornis,major,,,,,"Des Murs, 1856", 22700629,Schiffornis virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Schiffornis,virescens,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22700655,Pachyramphus albogriseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,albogriseus,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22700683,Pachyramphus validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,validus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22700791,Pipreola aureopectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,aureopectus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22700794,Pipreola jucunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,jucunda,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22700797,Pipreola lubomirskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,lubomirskii,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1879", 22700821,Iodopleura isabellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Iodopleura,isabellae,,,,,"Parzudaki, 1847", 22700891,Cotinga cayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cotinga,cayana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22700894,Xipholena punicea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Xipholena,punicea,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22700985,Pipra aureola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Pipra,aureola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22700974,Rupicola peruvianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Rupicola,peruvianus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22700991,Pipra filicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Pipra,filicauda,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 22701003,Ceratopipra chloromeros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Ceratopipra,chloromeros,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844",Ceratopipra chloromeros (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pipra chloromeros. 22701006,Ceratopipra cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Ceratopipra,cornuta,,,,,"Spix, 1825",Ceratopipra cornuta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pipra cornuta. 22701020,Lepidothrix suavissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,suavissima,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1882", 22701050,Lepidothrix nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,nattereri,,,,,"Sclater, 1865", 22701062,Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,coeruleocapilla,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844", 22701068,Antilophia galeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Antilophia,galeata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22701080,Chiroxiphia boliviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Chiroxiphia,boliviana,,,,,"Allen, 1889", 22701093,Corapipo gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Corapipo,gutturalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22701115,Machaeropterus pyrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Machaeropterus,pyrocephalus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1852)", 22701122,Machaeropterus deliciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Machaeropterus,deliciosus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22701125,Xenopipo atronitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Xenopipo,atronitens,,,,,"Cabanis, 1847", 22701183,Neopelma pallescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Neopelma,pallescens,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1853)", 22701216,Piprites griseiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Piprites,griseiceps,,,,,"Salvin, 1865", 22701955,Phlegopsis erythroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Phlegopsis,erythroptera,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)", 22702054,Geocerthia serrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geocerthia,serrana,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1875)", 22702150,Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sylviorthorhynchus,desmurii,,,,,"Des Murs, 1847",Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii. 22702217,Asthenes fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22702287,Synallaxis frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,frontalis,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1859", 22702360,Synallaxis rutilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,rutilans,,,,,"Temminck, 1823", 22702381,Synallaxis cinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,cinnamomea,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843", 22702399,Synallaxis scutata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,scutata,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22702594,Thripophaga fusciceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripophaga,fusciceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1889", 22702610,Phacellodomus sibilatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,sibilatrix,,,,,"Sclater, 1879", 22702621,Phacellodomus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,ruber,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22702627,Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,erythrophthalmus,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 22702740,Pseudoseisura lophotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudoseisura,lophotes,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1853)", 22702757,Ancistrops strigilatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Ancistrops,strigilatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22702792,Anabacerthia ruficaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anabacerthia,ruficaudata,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)",Anabacerthia ruficaudata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Philydor ruficaudatum. 22702800,Philydor pyrrhodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Philydor,pyrrhodes,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1848)", 22702803,Syndactyla dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,dimidiata,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1859)", 22702913,Anabazenops dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anabazenops,dorsalis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1880", 22702929,Syndactyla roraimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,roraimae,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1917)", 22702938,Automolus melanopezus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,melanopezus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22702946,Automolus rufipileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,rufipileatus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1859)", 22702949,Clibanornis rectirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Clibanornis,rectirostris,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)",Clibanornis rectirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylocryptus rectirostris. 22702972,Sclerurus caudacutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sclerurus,caudacutus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22702992,Xenops tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xenops,tenuirostris,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1859", 22703001,Megaxenops parnaguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Megaxenops,parnaguae,,,,,"Reiser, 1905", 22703004,Pygarrhichas albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pygarrhichas,albogularis,,,,,"(King, 1831)", 22703052,Dendrexetastes rufigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrexetastes,rufigula,,,,,"(Lesson, 1844)", 22703055,Hylexetastes stresemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Hylexetastes,stresemanni,,,,,"Snethlage, 1925", 22703068,Xiphocolaptes albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphocolaptes,albicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22703076,Xiphocolaptes major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphocolaptes,major,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22703079,Dendrocolaptes certhia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocolaptes,certhia,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22703112,Xiphorhynchus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,obsoletus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1820)", 22703118,Xiphorhynchus spixii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,spixii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22703121,Xiphorhynchus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,elegans,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22703124,Xiphorhynchus pardalotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,pardalotus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22703146,Xiphorhynchus triangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,triangularis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1842)", 22703212,Chamaeza campanisona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Chamaeza,campanisona,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22703225,Chamaeza ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Chamaeza,ruficauda,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1859)", 22703265,Grallaria eludens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,eludens,,,,,"Lowery & O'Neill, 1969", 22703281,Grallaria andicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,andicolus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1873)", 22703305,Grallaria flavotincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,flavotincta,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22703343,Hylopezus fulviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,fulviventris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22703346,Hylopezus berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,berlepschi,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1903)", 22703355,Myrmothera campanisona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Myrmothera,campanisona,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22703409,Conopophaga ardesiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,ardesiaca,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22703415,Conopophaga melanops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,melanops,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22703418,Conopophaga melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,melanogaster,,,,,"Ménétries, 1835", 22703421,Pteroptochos castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Pteroptochos,castaneus,,,,,"Philippi & Landbeck, 1864", 22703426,Pteroptochos tarnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Pteroptochos,tarnii,,,,,"(King, 1831)", 22703437,Scelorchilus rubecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scelorchilus,rubecula,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)", 22703480,Eugralla paradoxa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Eugralla,paradoxa,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)", 22703574,Climacteris erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CLIMACTERIDAE,Climacteris,erythrops,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22703810,Myzomela blasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,blasii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1882)", 22703827,Myzomela nigrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,nigrita,,,,,"Gray, 1858", 22703834,Myzomela adolphinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,adolphinae,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876", 22703852,Myzomela wakoloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,wakoloensis,,,,,"Forbes, 1883", 22703855,Myzomela boiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,boiei,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 22703862,Myzomela caledonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,caledonica,,,,,"Forbes, 1879", 22703880,Myzomela lafargei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,lafargei,,,,,"Pucheran, 1853", 22703888,Myzomela melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,melanocephala,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)", 22703895,Myzomela tristrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,tristrami,,,,,"Ramsay, 1881", 22703902,Myzomela erythromelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,erythromelas,,,,,"Salvadori, 1881", 22703906,Myzomela vulnerata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,vulnerata,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 22703928,Timeliopsis fulvigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Timeliopsis,fulvigula,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)", 22703931,Timeliopsis griseigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Timeliopsis,griseigula,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)", 22704170,Melitograis gilolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melitograis,gilolensis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22704173,Philemon meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,meyeri,,,,,"Salvadori, 1875", 22704176,Philemon inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,inornatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22704200,Philemon subcorniculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,subcorniculatus,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)", 22704218,Philemon cockerelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,cockerelli,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22704230,Philemon diemenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,diemenensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22704947,Chloropsis palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,palawanensis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22706769,Hemipus picatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Hemipus,picatus,,,,,"(Sykes, 1832)", 22705127,Cyclarhis nigrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Cyclarhis,nigrirostris,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1842", 22705138,Vireolanius eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireolanius,eximius,,,,,"Baird, 1866", 22705185,Vireo carmioli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,carmioli,,,,,"Baird, 1866", 22705197,Vireo gundlachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,gundlachii,,,,,"Lembeye, 1850", 22705200,Vireo crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,crassirostris,,,,,"(Bryant, 1859)", 22705216,Vireo modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,modestus,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22706353,Oriolus forsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,forsteni,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22706356,Oriolus phaeochromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,phaeochromus,,,,,"Gray, 1860", 22706359,Oriolus szalayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,szalayi,,,,,"(von Madarász, 1900)", 22706362,Oriolus sagittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,sagittatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22706375,Oriolus albiloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,albiloris,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1894", 22706389,Oriolus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,auratus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22706394,Oriolus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,chinensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22706397,Oriolus tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,tenuirostris,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 22706410,Oriolus brachyrynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,brachyrynchus,,,,,"Swainson, 1837",

Oriolus brachyrynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as O. brachyrhynchus.

 

22706433,Oriolus nigripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,nigripennis,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855", 22706437,Oriolus xanthornus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,xanthornus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22706446,Oriolus traillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,traillii,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)", 22705705,Cyanocorax cyanomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,cyanomelas,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22705729,Cyanocorax chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,chrysops,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22705783,Perisoreus canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Perisoreus,canadensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22705793,Urocissa caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Urocissa,caerulea,,,,,"Gould, 1863", 22705802,Urocissa erythroryncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Urocissa,erythroryncha,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",

Urocissa erythroryncha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as U. erythrorhyncha.

22705809,Cissa chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cissa,chinensis,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22705836,Dendrocitta vagabunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Dendrocitta,vagabunda,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22705849,Dendrocitta frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Dendrocitta,frontalis,,,,,"Horsfield, 1840", 22704466,Anthochaera carunculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Anthochaera,carunculata,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 22704527,Crateroscelis nigrorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Crateroscelis,nigrorufa,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1894)", 22704532,Crateroscelis robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Crateroscelis,robusta,,,,,"(De Vis, 1898)", 22704582,Sericornis spilodera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,spilodera,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 22704692,Gerygone magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,magnirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1843","

Gerygone magnirostris and G. hypoxantha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. magnirostris following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22704711,Gerygone dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,dorsalis,,,,,"Sclater, 1883", 22704728,Gerygone mouki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,mouki,,,,,"Mathews, 1903", 22705276,Hylophilus amaurocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,amaurocephalus,,,,,"(Nordmann, 1835)", 22705280,Hylophilus poicilotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,poicilotis,,,,,"Temminck, 1822", 22705286,Hylophilus semicinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,semicinereus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1867", 22705290,Hylophilus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,pectoralis,,,,,"Sclater, 1866", 22705293,Vireo sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,sclateri,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1883)",

Vireo sclateri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylophilus sclateri.

 

22705300,Hylophilus brunneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,brunneiceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1866", 22705303,Pachysylvia hypoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pachysylvia,hypoxantha,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)",

Pachysylvia hypoxantha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylophilus hypoxanthus.

 

22705306,Pachysylvia semibrunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pachysylvia,semibrunnea,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)",

Pachysylvia semibrunnea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylophilus semibrunneus.

130389813,Squatina varii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,varii,,,,,"Vaz & Carvalho, 2018",Vaz and Carvalho (2018) carried out morphological analysis of South- and Northwestern Atlantic specimens of Squatina revealing this previously undescribed species of angel shark occurring on the continental slope of Brazil between latitudes 11° and 22°S. 22705576,Pitohui dichrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Pitohui,dichrous,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22705583,Pseudorectes ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pseudorectes,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",

Pseudorectes ferrugineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitohui ferrugineus.

 

22705586,Ornorectes cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,OREOICIDAE,Ornorectes,cristatus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)",

Ornorectes cristatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitohui cristatus.

 

22705589,Melanorectes nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Melanorectes,nigrescens,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)",

Melanorectes nigrescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitohui nigrescens.

 

22705382,Corcorax melanorhamphos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORCORACIDAE,Corcorax,melanorhamphos,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",

Corcorax melanorhamphos (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) was previously listed as C. melanoramphos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) .

130391495,Rhynchorhina mauritaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchorhina,mauritaniensis,,,,,"Séret & Naylor, 2016",Séret and Naylor (2016) described Rhynchorhina mauritaniensis (and Rhynchorhina as a new genus) from limited specimens collected off Mauritania (Eastern Central Atlantic). 22705394,Mohoua albicilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOHOUIDAE,Mohoua,albicilla,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 130393378,Squatina guggenheim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,guggenheim,,,,,"Marini, 1936","The new taxonomic concept for Squatina guggenheim includes S. punctata as a junior synonym.

There is some controversy concerning the taxonomy and nomenclature of Squatina species of the Southwest Atlantic. Squatina occulta described by Vooren and da Silva (1991) has been regarded as being a junior synonym of S. guggenheim by Soto (2001) in a species-level checklist of the region. Although evidence was not given to support this statement, Bernardes et al. (2005) followed Soto’s proposal. However, later studies have re-evaluated the species’ validity. The validity of S. occulta Vooren and da Silva, 1991 as a distinct species has been confirmed through the study of mitochondrial DNA by Stelbrink et al. (2010) and in a comparative study of Southwest Atlantic Squatina neurocrania (Carvalho et al. 2012). Both studies also recognized S. argentina, S. guggenheim, and S. occulta as the only valid species in the Southwest Atlantic (preceding the description of new species since that time, S. david and S. varii)." 22705443,Pachycephala albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,albiventris,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)", 22705463,Pachycephala hypoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,hypoxantha,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1887)", 22705537,Pachycephala rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Pachycephala,rufiventris,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22705543,Colluricincla tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Colluricincla,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1915)",

Colluricincla tenebrosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Colluricincla umbrina.

 

22705561,Colluricincla harmonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Colluricincla,harmonica,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22705909,Nucifraga columbiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Nucifraga,columbiana,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)", 22705950,Corvus typicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,typicus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1853)", 22706036,Corvus mellori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,mellori,,,,,"Mathews, 1912", 22706100,Cnemophilus loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CNEMOPHILIDAE,Cnemophilus,loriae,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1894)", 22706121,Manucodia chalybatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Manucodia,chalybatus,,,,,"(Pennant, 1781)", 22706131,Manucodia jobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Manucodia,jobiensis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876", 22706134,Phonygammus keraudrenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Phonygammus,keraudrenii,,,,,"(Lesson & Garnot, 1826)",

Phonygammus keraudrenii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Manucodia keraudrenii.

22706186,Lophorina magnifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lophorina,magnifica,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)",

Lophorina magnifica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ptiloris magnificus.

22706189,Lophorina intercedens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lophorina,intercedens,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1882)",

Lophorina intercedens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ptiloris intercedens.

22706196,Lophorina paradisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lophorina,paradisea,,,,,"(Swainson, 1825)",

Lophorina paradisea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ptiloris paradiseus.

22706199,Cicinnurus magnificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Cicinnurus,magnificus,,,,,"(Pennant, 1781)", 22706208,Cicinnurus regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Cicinnurus,regius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22706222,Astrapia stephaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Astrapia,stephaniae,,,,,"(Finsch, 1885)", 22706226,Astrapia rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Astrapia,rothschildi,,,,,"Förster, 1906", 22706233,Seleucidis melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Seleucidis,melanoleucus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22706245,Paradisaea minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradisaea,minor,,,,,"Shaw, 1809", 22706253,Paradisaea raggiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradisaea,raggiana,,,,,"Sclater, 1873", 130263584,Diaphus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,gigas,,,,,"Gilbert, 1913", 130263812,Diaphus impostor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,impostor,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, Robertson & Paxton, 1995",There is possibly confusion between identifications of Diaphus aliciae and D. impostor (A. Williams pers. comm. 2018). 130275086,Diaphus jenseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,jenseni,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 130275173,Diaphus kapalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,kapalae,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, Robertson & Paxton, 1995", 130275223,Diaphus knappi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,knappi,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 130275248,Diaphus kora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,kora,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, Robertson & Paxton, 1995", 130275254,Diaphus kuroshio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,kuroshio,,,,,"Kawaguchi & Nafpaktitis, 1978", 130275315,Diaphus lobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,lobatus,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 130281858,Diaphus malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,malayanus,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 130282156,Diaphus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,megalops,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 130282200,Diaphus minax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,minax,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1968", 130282230,Diaphus nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,nielseni,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1978", 130282441,Diaphus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,pacificus,,,,,"Parr, 1931", 130282725,Diaphus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,pallidus,,,,,"Gjøsaeter, 1989","This species closely resembles Diaphus coeruleus and D. lucidus (Gjøsaeter 1989), and has not been reported since its first description." 130282824,Diaphus parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,parini,,,,,"Becker, 1992", 130283033,Diaphus parri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,parri,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 130283639,Diaphus phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,phillipsi,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 130284409,Diaphus regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,regani,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 130284614,Diaphus richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,richardsoni,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 130284836,Diaphus roei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,roei,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, 1974", 130285078,Diaphus sagamiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,sagamiensis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1913", 130285307,Diaphus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,schmidti,,,,,"Tåning, 1932", 130285744,Diaphus signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,signatus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1908", 130285977,Diaphus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,similis,,,,,"Wisner, 1974", 130286039,Diaphus suborbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,suborbitalis,,,,,"Weber, 1913","Kawaguchi and Shimizu (1978) list Diaphus trachops as the Hawaiian sibling species of D. suborbitalis, and proposed it does not occur in Hawaii (Mundy 2005)." 130286297,Diaphus theta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,theta,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890", 130286757,Diaphus thiollierei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,thiollierei,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 130286778,Diaphus trachops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,trachops,,,,,"Wisner, 1974", 130286787,Diaphus watasei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,watasei,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1904", 130286796,Diaphus whitleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,whitleyi,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 130286816,Diaphus wisneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,wisneri,,,,,"Nafpaktitis, Robertson & Paxton, 1995",This species is part of the Diaphus fulgens complex in the eastern Pacific (Wisner 1976). 130286847,Idiolychnus urolampus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Idiolychnus,urolampus,,,,,"(Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)", 130286862,Benthosema fibulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Benthosema,fibulatum,,,,,"(Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)", 130338284,Benthosema panamense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Benthosema,panamense,,,,,"(Tåning, 1932)", 130344486,Centrobranchus andreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Centrobranchus,andreae,,,,,"(Lütken, 1892)", 130344504,Centrobranchus choerocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Centrobranchus,choerocephalus,,,,,"Fowler, 1904","Becker (1964) recognised four valid species of Centrobranchus, and was followed by most authors until the review of Gago and Lavenberg (1992), who recognised only the two species C. andrae and C. nigroocellatus. A number of authors in the last decade have considered Centrobranchus choerocephalus (Fowler, 1904) a valid species without mention of the problems described in Gago and Lavenberg (1992). The record of C. choerocephalus from Lord Howe Island (Allen et al. 1976), inadvertently omitted from the first Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Pisces (Paxton et al. 1989), and subsequent editions, is now considered C. nigroocellatus (J. Paxton pers. comm. 2018)." 130344655,Dasyscopelus brachygnathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Dasyscopelus,brachygnathos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 130345331,Dasyscopelus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Dasyscopelus,orientalis,,,,,"Gilbert, 1913",Records from Australia (OZCAM database accessed June 2018) require study of additional specimens and a comparison with specimens collected off Japan (J. Paxton pers. comm. 2018). 130345678,Diogenichthys laternatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diogenichthys,laternatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 130346023,Diogenichthys panurgus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diogenichthys,panurgus,,,,,"Bolin, 1946", 130346041,Electrona antarctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Electrona,antarctica,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 130346273,Electrona carlsbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Electrona,carlsbergi,,,,,"(Tåning, 1932)", 130346280,Electrona paucirastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Electrona,paucirastra,,,,,"Bolin, 1962", 130346283,Electrona subaspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Electrona,subaspera,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 130346410,Gonichthys barnesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gonichthys,barnesi,,,,,"Whitley, 1943", 130346424,Gonichthys tenuiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gonichthys,tenuiculus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 130346459,Gonichthys venetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Gonichthys,venetus,,,,,"Becker, 1964", 130350139,Hygophum atratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,atratum,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 130350168,Hygophum bruuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,bruuni,,,,,"Wisner, 1971", 130350177,Hygophum hanseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Hygophum,hanseni,,,,,"(Tåning, 1932)", 130350214,Loweina terminata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Loweina,terminata,,,,,"Becker, 1964", 130350264,Metelectrona ahlstromi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Metelectrona,ahlstromi,,,,,"Wisner, 1963", 130350272,Metelectrona herwigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Metelectrona,herwigi,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 130350289,Metelectrona ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Metelectrona,ventralis,,,,,"(Becker, 1963)", 130350490,Protomyctophum andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,andriashevi,,,,,"Becker, 1963", 130350493,Protomyctophum beckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,beckeri,,,,,"Wisner, 1971",This species is very similar to Protomyctophum crockeri (Shinohara et al. 1994). 130350496,Protomyctophum bolini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,bolini,,,,,"(Fraser-Brunner, 1949)", 130350503,Protomyctophum chilense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,chilense,,,,,"Wisner, 1971", 130350508,Protomyctophum choriodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,choriodon,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 130350511,Protomyctophum crockeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,crockeri,,,,,"(Bolin, 1939)", 130350523,Protomyctophum gemmatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,gemmatum,,,,,"Hulley, 1981", 130350534,Protomyctophum kolaevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,kolaevi,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2004", 130350547,Protomyctophum mcginnisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,mcginnisi,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2004", 130350552,Protomyctophum normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,normani,,,,,"(Tåning, 1932)", 130350565,Protomyctophum parallelum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,parallelum,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1905)", 130350771,Protomyctophum subparallelum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,subparallelum,,,,,"(Tåning, 1932)", 130350825,Protomyctophum tenisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,tenisoni,,,,,"(Norman, 1930)", 130351028,Protomyctophum thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Protomyctophum,thompsoni,,,,,"(Chapman, 1944)", 130352266,Symbolophorus californiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,californiensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)", 130352497,Symbolophorus evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,evermanni,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 130352723,Symbolophorus reversus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Symbolophorus,reversus,,,,,"Gago & Ricord, 2005", 130353171,Tarletonbeania crenularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Tarletonbeania,crenularis,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)", 130353324,Tarletonbeania taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Tarletonbeania,taylori,,,,,"Mead, 1953", 130353354,Tarletonbeania tenua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Tarletonbeania,tenua,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890","This species was originally described as distinct from Tarletonbeania crenularis by Eigenmann and Eigenmann in 1890. Gilbert (1915) reports that original described differences between T. tenua and T. crenularis are due to the poor condition of the original specimens and that T. tenua and T. crenularis are not significantly different. Parr (1929) accepted Gilbert’s opinion on this and also T. tenua as a junior synonym of T. crenularis. Kobayashi (1958) refers to T. tenua as a junior synonym of T. crenularis. In summary, it is doubtful that T. tenua is a valid species." 130353401,Neoscopelus porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,NEOSCOPELIDAE,Neoscopelus,porosus,,,,,"Arai, 1969", 130353406,Scopelengys clarkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,NEOSCOPELIDAE,Scopelengys,clarkei,,,,,"Butler & Ahlstrom, 1976","Some workers consider this species to be a synonym of Scopelgenys tristis (Becker and Shcherbachev 1990, Mundy 2005)." 22706276,Cracticus cassicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Cracticus,cassicus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22706308,Artamus monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,monachus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 22706311,Artamus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,maximus,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 22706314,Artamus insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Artamus,insignis,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22706339,Peltops blainvillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Peltops,blainvillii,,,,,"(Garnot, 1827)", 22706343,Peltops montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Peltops,montanus,,,,,"Stresemann, 1921", 22706452,Sphecotheres hypoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Sphecotheres,hypoleucus,,,,,"Finsch, 1898", 22706470,Coracina larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,larvata,,,,,"(Müller, 1843)", 22706543,Ceblepyris caesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Ceblepyris,caesius,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823",

Ceblepyris caesius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina caesia.

 

22706636,Lalage melaschistos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,melaschistos,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)",

Lalage melaschistos (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina melaschistos.

 

22706651,Lalage nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,nigra,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 22706654,Lalage leucopygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,leucopygialis,,,,,"Walden, 1872", 22706663,Lalage tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lalage,tricolor,,,,,"(Swainson, 1825)", 22706700,Campephaga phoenicea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Campephaga,phoenicea,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22706784,Rhipidura phoenicura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,phoenicura,,,,,"Müller, 1843", 22706787,Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,nigrocinnamomea,,,,,"Hartert, 1903", 22706793,Rhipidura euryura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,euryura,,,,,"Müller, 1843", 22706802,Rhipidura perlata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,perlata,,,,,"Müller, 1843", 22706821,Rhipidura threnothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,threnothorax,,,,,"Müller, 1843", 22706884,Rhipidura teysmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,teysmanni,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1892", 22706900,Rhipidura rufidorsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,rufidorsa,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 22706924,Chaetorhynchus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LAMPROLIIDAE,Chaetorhynchus,papuensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1874","Jønsson et al. (2018) establish that Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi, Drongo Fantail Chaetorhynchus papuensis, Natewa Silktail Lamprolia klinesmithi and Taveuni Silktail L. victoriae belong in a separate ancient family, Lamproliidae, sister to the Rhipiduridae. This finding is accepted here, but it raises the issue of the English names of the flycatcher and the fantail. At present we opt for ‘Cerulean Flycatcher’, to remove the impression that the species is a member of the Monarchidae, but retain ‘Drongo Fantail’ given the proximity of the Lamproliidae to the fantails; but neither proposal is set in stone." 22706728,Pericrocotus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,roseus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22706735,Pericrocotus divaricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,divaricatus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 22706738,Pericrocotus tegimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,tegimae,,,,,"Stejneger, 1887", 22706757,Pericrocotus ethologus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,ethologus,,,,,"Bangs & Phillips, 1914", 22706760,Pericrocotus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22706766,Pericrocotus flammeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Pericrocotus,flammeus,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 22726340,Eurostopodus exul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eurostopodus,exul,,,,,"Mayr, 1941","

Eurostopodus mystacalis, E. nigripennis and E. exul (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. mystacalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 130442224,Takydromus albomaculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Takydromus,albomaculosus,,,,,"Wang, Gong, Liu & Wang, 2017", 127940967,Cyrtodactylus khasiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,khasiensis,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)","Agarwal et al. (2018) redescribed this species and elevated the subspecies Cyrtodactylus khasiensis cayuensis to species level, as C. cayuensis. These authors also removed Gymnodactylus himalayicus from synonymy with C. khasiensis." 130442281,Diploderma slowinskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Diploderma,slowinskii,,,,,"(Rao, Vindum, Ma, Fu & Wilkinson, 2017)", 2475,Balaenoptera borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,borealis,,,,,"Lesson, 1828","

The Sei Whale, Balaenoptera borealis is a recognized species but catch and sightings records of Sei Whales prior to 1972 tended to include Bryde's Whales (B. edeni or B. brydei) in areas where both species occur. The Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (Committee on Taxonomy 2017) recognizes two subspecies, B. b. borealis in the Northern Hemisphere and B. b. schlegelii in the Southern Hemisphere, as proposed by Tomilin (1957). The Sei Whales found in the North Pacific and North Atlantic have not been formally compared and so are still placed in the same nominate subspecies by default, although Huijser et al. (2018) found a high degree of genetic divergence between North Atlantic and North Pacific Sei Whales.

" 22723773,Geospiza pauper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,pauper,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1890)","

Geospiza pauper (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Camarhynchus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22733280,Scytalopus robbinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,robbinsi,,,,,"Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997", 22678869,Pternistis ochropectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,ochropectus,,,,,"(Dorst & Jouanin, 1952)",Pternistis ochropectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 130350312,Myctophum aurolaternatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,aurolaternatum,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 130350372,Myctophum fissunovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,fissunovi,,,,,"Becker & Borodulina, 1971","

Martin et al. (2018) suggests a possible placement of Myctophum fissunovi in Dasyscopelus.


" 130350451,Myctophum lunatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,lunatum,,,,,"Becker & Borodulina, 1978", 130350484,Myctophum ovcharovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Myctophum,ovcharovi,,,,,"Tsarin, 1993", 130281888,Diaphus mascarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MYCTOPHIFORMES,MYCTOPHIDAE,Diaphus,mascarensis,,,,,"Becker, 1990", 129511827,Trachydactylus hajarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Trachydactylus,hajarensis,,,,,"(Arnold, 1980)",This species is genetically highly variable and may represent a species complex (De Pous et al. 2015). 22722293,Nemosia rourei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Nemosia,rourei,,,,,"Cabanis, 1870", 22687196,Lophornis brachylophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,brachylophus,,,,,"Moore, 1949", 22702350,Synallaxis maranonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,maranonica,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1879", 103657434,Formicivora paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,paludicola,,,,,"Buzzetti et al., 2013",

Formicivora paludicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized following evidence presented in Buzzetti et al. (2013).

103824084,Loxops ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxops,ochraceus,,,,,"Rothschild, 1893","

Loxops coccineus, L. ochraceus and L. wolstenholmei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. coccineus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22680203,Anas laysanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,laysanensis,,,,,"Rothschild, 1892", 22703255,Grallaria chthonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,chthonia,,,,,"Wetmore & Phelps, 1956", 22728410,Antilophia bokermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Antilophia,bokermanni,,,,,"Coelho & Silva, 1998", 22711503,Troglodytes monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,monticola,,,,,"Bangs, 1899", 22729457,Lipaugus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,weberi,,,,,"Cuervo, Salaman, Donegan & Ochoa, 2001", 22720809,Oreomystis bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Oreomystis,bairdi,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1887)", 22720832,Loxops caeruleirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxops,caeruleirostris,,,,,"(Wilson, 1890)", 22720722,Telespiza ultima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Telespiza,ultima,,,,,"Bryan, 1917", 183848,Atractoscion nobilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atractoscion,nobilis,,,,,"(Ayres, 1860)", 183984,Bairdiella armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bairdiella,armata,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 183864,Bairdiella ensifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bairdiella,ensifera,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183561,Bairdiella icistia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bairdiella,icistia,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183409,Cheilotrema saturnum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cheilotrema,saturnum,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)", 183478,Cilus gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cilus,gilberti,,,,,"(Abbott, 1899)", 22784,Tupaia everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,everetti,,,,,"Thomas, 1892","The genus Urogale, a Philippine endemic, has been subsumed into Tupaia (Roberts et al. 2011)." 22685219,Lathamus discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lathamus,discolor,,,,,"(White, 1790)", 22724562,Cyanoramphus malherbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoramphus,malherbi,,,,,"Souancé, 1857", 22685203,Neophema chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neophema,chrysogaster,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22697488,Geronticus eremita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Geronticus,eremita,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22708433,Geokichla oberlaenderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,oberlaenderi,,,,,"(Sassi, 1914)",

Geokichla oberlaenderi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera oberlaenderi.

130899092,Carasobarbus fritschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,fritschii,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)",Barbus paytonii Boulenger 1911 is a junior synonym of Carasobarbus fritschii (Borkenhagen and Krupp 2013). 22720246,Crithagra ankoberensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,ankoberensis,,,,,"Ash, 1979","

Crithagra ankoberensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 183510,Corvula macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Corvula,macrops,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)", 183559,Ctenosciaena peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ctenosciaena,peruviana,,,,,"Chirichigno F., 1969", 183778,Cynoscion albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,albus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183954,Cynoscion analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,analis,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 183248,Cynoscion nannus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,nannus,,,,,"Castro-Aguirre & Arvizu-Martinez, 1976", 183686,Cynoscion nortoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,nortoni,,,,,"Béarez, 2001", 183682,Cynoscion othonopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,othonopterus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183439,Cynoscion parvipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,parvipinnis,,,,,"Ayres, 1861","This species is a synonym of Cynoscion parvipinnis (Chao et al. 1995, Chao 2002)." 183996,Cynoscion phoxocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,phoxocephalus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 154782,Cynoscion praedatorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,praedatorius,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1889)", 183358,Cynoscion reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,reticulatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183901,Cynoscion squamipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,squamipinnis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 183278,Cynoscion stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,stolzmanni,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 155173,Cynoscion xanthulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cynoscion,xanthulus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 183580,Elattarchus archidium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Elattarchus,archidium,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 154755,Genyonemus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Genyonemus,lineatus,,,,,"(Ayres, 1855)", 183342,Isopisthus remifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Isopisthus,remifer,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882",A possible nomenclature problem with species name needs to be clarified between L. Chao and L. Findley. 154704,Johnius laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,laevis,,,,,"Sasaki & Kailola, 1991", 155192,Johnius novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Nichols, 1950)", 22714229,Zosterops albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,albogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 56641,Craugastor gulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,gulosus,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)","This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). The rediscovery of this species in 1976 showed it to be a largely montane frog, occupying an apparently small range in the borderland of Costa Rica and Panama (Savage and Myers 2002)." 55309,Duellmanohyla lythrodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,lythrodes,,,,,"(Savage, 1968)",Further taxonomic work is needed to finally determine whether Duellmanohyla lythrodes is a synonym of Duellmanohyla rufioculis (Federico Bolaños pers. comm. 2007). 55912,Ptychohyla legleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,legleri,,,,,"(Taylor, 1958)", 130988902,Xenotoca doadrioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Xenotoca,doadrioi,,,,,"Domínguez-Domínguez, Bernal-Zuñiga & Piller, 2016","The types of this species were collected by Domínguez-Domínguez in 2010 in a pond at San Sebastián near Etzatlán. The first specimens of this species in general were probably collected by C.L. Turner in a dam about 2km N of Etzatlán and at the type location (1939), but regarded as Xenotoca eiseni for many years (Xenotoca eiseni ""San Marcos""). As the species occurs in two separate drainages, two subpopulations, the Laguna de Magdalena subpopulation (type subpopulation) and the Upper Río Ameca subpopulation can be inferred. Xenotoca doadrioi differs in many parametres from Xenotoca variata, the type species of the genus, means Doadrios Redtail Splitfin will be transfered in the future into a new to be erected genus." 130988955,Xenotoca lyonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Xenotoca,lyonsi,,,,,"Domínguez-Domínguez, Bernal-Zuñiga & Piller, 2016","The types of this species were collected by Domínguez-Domínguez in 2010 in the Río Tamazula and the Río San Geronimo, an affluent of the Río Tamazula at Vista Hermosa. The first specimens of this species in general were probably collected by D.S. Erdman in 1941 from the Río Tuxpán, but regarded as Xenotoca eiseni for many years (Xenotoca eiseni ""Río Tamazula""). As the species occurs in two separate drainages, two subpopulations, the Río Tuxpán subpopulation (type subpopulation) and the Río Armería subpopulation are distinguished. Xenotoca lyonsi differs in many parametres from Xenotoca variata, the type species of the genus, means Lyons Redtail Splitfin will be transfered in the future into a new to be erected genus." 22704320,Gymnomyza aubryana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Gymnomyza,aubryana,,,,,"(Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860)", 59148,Bolitoglossa compacta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,compacta,,,,,"Wake, Brame & Duellman, 1973", 22704415,Anthochaera phrygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Anthochaera,phrygia,,,,,"(Shaw, 1794)",

Anthochaera phrygia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Xanthomyza phrygia.

 

10277,Hybognathus amarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Hybognathus,amarus,,,,,"(Girard, 1856)", 17838,Poeciliopsis sonoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,sonoriensis,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)","Poecilia sonoriensis is considered a valid species from the formerly synonymized P. occidentalis (Minckley and Marsh 2009, Eschmeyer et al. 2018), supported by genetic evidence by Parker et al. (1998) and Hedrick et al. (2001). Changes to current systematics would likely warrant reassessment of this species." 19735,Kryptolebias marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Kryptolebias,marmoratus,,,,,"(Poey, 1880)", 192929,Cymatogaster aggregata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Cymatogaster,aggregata,,,,,"Gibbons, 1854", 184032,Larimus acclivis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimus,acclivis,,,,,"Jordan & Bristol, 1898", 183471,Larimus argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimus,argenteus,,,,,"(Gill, 1863)",This species is easily misidentified as congeneric species. 183386,Larimus effulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimus,effulgens,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898",This species is easily misidentified as congeneric species. 183380,Larimus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimus,pacificus,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890",This species is easily misidentified as congeneric species. 183536,Macrodon mordax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Macrodon,mordax,,,,,"(Gilbert & Starks, 1904)", 183648,Menticirrhus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,elongatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183669,Menticirrhus nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,nasus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 183869,Menticirrhus ophicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,ophicephalus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)", 183989,Menticirrhus paitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,paitensis,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183578,Menticirrhus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,panamensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)", 183602,Menticirrhus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Menticirrhus,undulatus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 158886688,Micropogonias altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Micropogonias,altipinnis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 183383,Micropogonias fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Micropogonias,fasciatus,,,,,"(de Buen, 1961)",The type specimens were probably lost in a Tsunami in Valparaíso in 1962. There is some uncertainty about the taxonomic validity of this species (Kong and Valés 1990). 49186649,Miracorvina angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Miracorvina,angolensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 183252,Nebris occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nebris,occidentalis,,,,,"Vaillant, 1897", 183445,Odontoscion eurymesops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Odontoscion,eurymesops,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 183812,Odontoscion xanthops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Odontoscion,xanthops,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 183997,Ophioscion imiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,imiceps,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183390,Ophioscion scierus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,scierus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1884)", 183350,Ophioscion simulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,simulus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 183946,Ophioscion strabo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,strabo,,,,,"Gilbert, 1897", 183523,Ophioscion typicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,typicus,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 183995,Ophioscion vermicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,vermicularis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 49830309,Pachypops fourcroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachypops,fourcroi,,,,,"(La Cepède, 1802)", 49830318,Pachypops trifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachypops,trifilis,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1849)", 49830087,Pachyurus gabrielensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,gabrielensis,,,,,"Casatti, 2001", 49830351,Pachyurus schomburgkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,schomburgkii,,,,,"Günther, 1860", 49830262,Pachyurus stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,stewarti,,,,,"Casatti & Chao, 2002", 183935,Paralonchurus dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paralonchurus,dumerilii,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1869)", 183639,Paralonchurus goodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paralonchurus,goodei,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 183581,Paralonchurus peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paralonchurus,peruanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)", 183829,Paralonchurus petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paralonchurus,petersii,,,,,"Bocourt, 1869",Original orthography is petersii. 183332,Paralonchurus rathbuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paralonchurus,rathbuni,,,,,"(Jordan & Bollman, 1890)", 183356,Paranebris bauchotae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paranebris,bauchotae,,,,,"Chao, Béarez & Robertson, 2001", 183863,Pareques fuscovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pareques,fuscovittatus,,,,,"(Kendall & Radcliffe, 1912)", 184033,Pareques lanfeari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pareques,lanfeari,,,,,"(Barton, 1947)", 183784,Pareques perissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pareques,perissa,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 183444,Pareques viola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pareques,viola,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1898)", 49188668,Pentheroscion mbizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pentheroscion,mbizi,,,,,"(Poll, 1950)", 49829762,Plagioscion auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,auratus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)", 49830672,Plagioscion montei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,montei,,,,,"Soares & Casatti, 2000",

This species has been frequently misidentified as P. squamosissimus (L Casatti pers. comm. 2009). 

49217539,Pseudotolithus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pseudotolithus,elongatus,,,,,"(Bowdich, 1825)", 49217590,Pseudotolithus epipercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pseudotolithus,epipercus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 49217654,Pseudotolithus moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pseudotolithus,moorii,,,,,"(Günther, 1865)", 49217798,Pseudotolithus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pseudotolithus,senegalensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1833)", 49217962,Pseudotolithus senegallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pseudotolithus,senegallus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49218074,Pseudotolithus typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pseudotolithus,typus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1863", 49218151,Pteroscion peli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pteroscion,peli,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 183830,Roncador stearnsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Roncador,stearnsii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)",Original orthography is stearnsii. 154864,Sciaena callaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Sciaena,callaensis,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183565,Sciaena deliciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Sciaena,deliciosa,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1846)", 183750,Seriphus politus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Seriphus,politus,,,,,"Ayres, 1860", 22708054,Oriolia bernieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Oriolia,bernieri,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1838", 15315,Onconotus servillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Onconotus,servillei,,,,,"Fischer-Waldheim, 1846", 22688980,Bubo shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,shelleyi,,,,,"(Sharpe & Ussher, 1872)", 22678246,Nothoprocta taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothoprocta,taczanowskii,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1875", 22693185,Numenius tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,tenuirostris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22711121,Toxostoma lecontei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,lecontei,,,,,"Lawrence, 1851", 22734397,Horornis haddeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,haddeni,,,,,"(Lecroy & Barker, 2006)",

Horornis haddeni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia haddeni.

 

22696861,Leucocarbo onslowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,onslowi,,,,,"(Forbes, 1893)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22694585,Thalasseus bernsteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Thalasseus,bernsteini,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1863)",Thalasseus bernsteini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

183740,Stellifer chrysoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,chrysoleuca,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 22687635,Eupherusa cyanophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eupherusa,cyanophrys,,,,,"Rowley & Orr, 1964", 183721,Stellifer ephelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,ephelis,,,,,"Chirichigno F., 1974", 183501,Stellifer ericymba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,ericymba,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 154662,Stellifer fuerthii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,fuerthii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)", 184019,Stellifer illecebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,illecebrosus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 183569,Stellifer mancorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,mancorensis,,,,,"Chirichigno F., 1962", 183562,Stellifer melanocheir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,melanocheir,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1918", 183271,Stellifer minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,minor,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1846)", 183911,Stellifer oscitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,oscitans,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)", 183974,Stellifer pizarroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,pizarroensis,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1946", 183344,Stellifer walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,walkeri,,,,,"Chao, 2001", 183588,Stellifer wintersteenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,wintersteenorum,,,,,"Chao, 2001", 183592,Stellifer zestocarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Stellifer,zestocarus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898", 183893,Umbrina analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,analis,,,,,"Günther, 1868",This species is often misidentified with cogenerics. 183843,Umbrina bussingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,bussingi,,,,,"López S., 1980",This species is often misidentified with cogenerics. 198708,Umbrina canariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,canariensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1843","The morphology of the northwest Indian Ocean subpopulation and the Mediterranean and southeast Atlantic subpopulation is similar, but their ranges of distribution are separated. They probably belong to different taxonomic and conservation units (L. Chao pers. comm. 2013)." 198709,Umbrina cirrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,cirrosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 183388,Umbrina dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,dorsalis,,,,,"Gill, 1862",This species is often misidentified with cogenerics. 184025,Umbrina galapagorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,galapagorum,,,,,"Steindachner, 1878",This species is often misidentified with congenerics. 183302,Umbrina imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,imberbis,,,,,"Günther, 1873","According to Walker and Radford (1992), there have been many instances where Eastern Pacific species have been ascribed to Umbrina (e.g., U. imberbis = Sciaena, probably callaensis). However, current taxonomic authority databases continue to use the name Umbrina imberbis." 183899,Umbrina reedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,reedi,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 183744,Umbrina roncador,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,roncador,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882",This species is often misidentified with cogenerics. 198710,Umbrina ronchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,ronchus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1843","Umbrina robinsoni Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908 was considered a junior synonym of Umbina ronchus (Chao and Trewavas 1990), however the former is a valid species distributed from South Africa to Oman (Heemstra and Heemstra 2004). Umbrina ronchus is often reported from the northwest Indian Ocean, but specimens from there are U. robinsoni." 49218712,Umbrina steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,steindachneri,,,,,"Cadenat, 1951", 183354,Umbrina wintersteeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,wintersteeni,,,,,"Walker & Radford, 1992",This species is often misidentified with cogenerics. 184038,Umbrina xanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Umbrina,xanti,,,,,"Gill, 1862",This species is often misidentified with cogenerics. 21210,Sylvilagus mansuetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,mansuetus,,,,,"Nelson, 1907","It is believed that the San José Brush Rabbit is closely related to the Brush Rabbit (S. bachmani) from mainland Baja California; it has been considered as a full species by different authors (Chapman 1974, Thomas and Best 1994, Cervantes et al. 1999). However, recent genetic data indicate its close affiliation with the Brush Rabbit (S. bachmani), suggesting that it may represent a subspecies of that form (Álvarez-Castañeda and Lorenzo 2016). The San José Brush Rabbit may be distinguished from the Brush Rabbit by its larger ears and paler pelage (Nelson 1907). Further genetic and taxonomic studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between these two species. No subspecies are recognized." 22682129,Ramphastos dicolorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,dicolorus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22726136,Psilopogon duvaucelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Psilopogon,duvaucelii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)","

Psilopogon australis, P. cyanotis and P. duvaucelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Megalaima and lumped as M. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22685261,Coracopsis vasa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Coracopsis,vasa,,,,,"(Shaw, 1812)", 22703756,Malurus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"Gould, 1844", 22678280,Nothura minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothura,minor,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22701272,Biatas nigropectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Biatas,nigropectus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1850)", 22701974,Geositta poeciloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Geositta,poeciloptera,,,,,"(Wied, 1830)", 22699644,Platyrinchus leucoryphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,leucoryphus,,,,,"Wied, 1831", 22715121,Sylvietta philippae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MACROSPHENIDAE,Sylvietta,philippae,,,,,"Williams, 1955", 22699659,Onychorhynchus swainsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Onychorhynchus,swainsoni,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1858)", 22714693,Acrocephalus melanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,melanopogon,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22731646,Celeus obrieni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,obrieni,,,,,"Short, 1973", 22715628,Garrulax milleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,milleti,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1919", 22709004,Chamaetylas choloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Chamaetylas,choloensis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1927)",

Chamaetylas choloensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pseudalethe choloensis.

 

22691470,Ptilinopus huttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,huttoni,,,,,"Finsch, 1874", 190094,Eustomias decoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,decoratus,,,,,"Gibbs, 1971", 114179305,Eustomias pinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,pinnatus,,,,,"Clarke, 1999", 58412,Occidozyga magnapustulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,magnapustulosa,,,,,"(Taylor & Elbel, 1958)",This species is frequently considered to be a synonym of Occidozyga martensii. It is possibly a sub-adult stage of O. martensii (Taylor (1962) was uncertain of its status). Its placement in Occidozyga is debatable. 22736463,Phaethornis aethopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,aethopygus,,,,,"Zimmer, 1950",Phaethornis aethopygus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. aethopyga.

22703531,Scytalopus novacapitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,novacapitalis,,,,,"Sick, 1958", 131358269,Myiodynastes hemichrysus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiodynastes,hemichrysus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)","

Myiodynastes hemichrysus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) contains the subspecies minor and cinerascens, which were previously included within M. chrysocephalus. M. chrysocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is monotypic.

" 22685513,Belocercus longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Belocercus,longicaudus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Belocercus longicaudus (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula longicauda (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established or resurrected including Belocercus for P. longicauda." 22692340,Laterallus levraudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,levraudi,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)", 22723301,Microspingus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,cinereus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)","

Microspingus cinereus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza and listed as P. cinerea following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 60760066,Ptilinopus chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,chrysogaster,,,,,"(G. R. Gray, 1853)","Ptilinopus purpuratus and P. chrysogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. purpuratus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22680810,Melanerpes erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,erythrocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22713632,Prinia molleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,molleri,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1887", 22683099,Corythornis thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Corythornis,thomensis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1902","Corythornis cristatus, C. nais and C. thomensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Alcedo and lumped as A. cristata following Melo and Fuchs (2008). Prior to that, all three taxa had been split as A. cristata, A. thomensis and A. nais following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 61865,Wijayarana melasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Wijayarana,melasma,,,,,"(Stuart & Chan-ard, 2005)", 22678382,Penelope albipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,albipennis,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1878", 22718825,Ploceus princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,princeps,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22709604,Sylvia dohrni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Sylvia,dohrni,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1866)",

Sylvia dohrni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Horizorhinus dohrni.

 

22707115,Terpsiphone atrochalybeia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,atrochalybeia,,,,,"(Thomson, 1842)", 180648,Labeo chrysophekadion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,chrysophekadion,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 91073008,Rasbora kottelati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,kottelati,,,,,"Lim, 1995", 91348242,Pao hilgendorfii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Pao,hilgendorfii,,,,,"(Popta, 1905)", 7135,Eleotris melanosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,melanosoma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853","

Eleotris melanosoma was described from Wahai in the Maluku islands (Bleeker 1852). It is distinguished from congeners in having 46–58 lateral row scales, usually 18–19 pectoral rays, 12–13 gill rakers on the first gill arch and two longitudinal rows of papillae on the opercle meeting posteriorly (Kottelat et al. 1993).

This species has been confused with Eleotris fusca; hence Pusey et al. (2004) combined their natural history account of both. Research on the taxonomy of E. fusca is currently underway (P. Keith pers comm. 2011).

" 181012,Macrognathus circumcinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,circumcinctus,,,,,"(Hora, 1924)", 16264,Parosphromenus harveyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,harveyi,,,,,"Brown, 1987", 166077,Eleotris fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,fusca,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)",This species name is frequently misused for other species of Eleotris causing Pusey et al. (2004) to combine their summary of the natural history of this species.

There may be several species under this name and further research on this has begun (Mennesson and Keith 2017); with two species being found in the Indian Ocean (E. fusca and E. klunzingeri). 22683106,Corythornis nais,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Corythornis,nais,,,,,"(Kaup, 1848)","Corythornis cristatus, C. nais and C. thomensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Alcedo and lumped as A. cristata following Melo and Fuchs (2008). Prior to that, all three taxa had been split as A. cristata, A. thomensis and A. nais following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713910,Zosterops lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,lugubris,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1848",

Zosterops lugubris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Speirops lugubris.

22686643,Zoonavena thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Zoonavena,thomensis,,,,,"(Hartert, 1900)", 22710723,Lamprotornis ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,ornatus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22720272,Crithagra rufobrunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,rufobrunnea,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)","

Crithagra rufobrunnea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. rufobrunneus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22717714,Anabathmis newtonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anabathmis,newtonii,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1887)","

Anabathmis newtonii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717709,Anabathmis hartlaubii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anabathmis,hartlaubii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)","

Anabathmis hartlaubii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22721737,Setophaga striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,striata,,,,,"(Forster, 1772)","

Setophaga striata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22719048,Ploceus sanctithomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,sanctithomae,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1848)", 22688620,Otus hartlaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,hartlaubi,,,,,"(Giebel, 1849)", 22715170,Amaurocichla bocagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Amaurocichla,bocagii,,,,,"Sharpe, 1892","

Amaurocichla bocagii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as A. bocagei following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 131470411,Nothobranchius bellemansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,bellemansi,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2014",Nothobranchius bellemansi was established as a species by Valdesalici in 2014 131470504,Nothobranchius capriviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,capriviensis,,,,,"Watters, Wildekamp & Shidlovskiy, 2015","

Nothobranchius capriviensis was established as a species by Watters, Wildekamp and Shidlovskiy in 2014, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. The year for the journal issue in which the description appeared is 2014 but that issue of the journal was printed in August 2015, thereby representing the year in which the species description became available.

In early evaluations, this species was first listed as Nothobranchius sp. Caprivi in 1994 and later, in 2013, it was regarded as a population and colour form of N. kafuensis, a species that is relatively widespread in nearby Zambia.

" 131470569,Nothobranchius chochamandai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,chochamandai,,,,,"Nagy, 2014",

Nothobranchius chochamandai was established as a species by Nagy in 2014.

131470589,Nothobranchius cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,cooperi,,,,,"Nagy, Watters & Bellstedt, 2017","

Following its discovery in 1989, this species was informally referred to as N. sp. Mansa. It was then included, by Valdesalici and Wildekamp (2005), in the group of populations regarded as Nothobranchius rosenstocki. Subsequently, detailed morphological and molecular studies showed it to be a species distinct and it was established as a distinct species, Nothobranchius cooperi, by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in 2017 (in Nagy et al. 2017).

" 131470719,Nothobranchius ditte,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,ditte,,,,,"Nagy, 2018",

Nothobranchius ditte was established as a species by Nagy in 2018.

131470757,Nothobranchius flagrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,flagrans,,,,,"Nagy, 2014",

Nothobranchius flagrans was established as a species by Nagy in 2014.

131470835,Nothobranchius insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,insularis,,,,,"Costa, 2017","At the discovery in 2002, populations of this species found in Mafia Island were referred to N. aff. melanospilus, based on some general similarities with that species but also some important differences. Morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed the distinction from N. melanospilus and the populations from Mafia Island, together with other populations from coastal mainland Tanzania, were described as N. lucius by Wildekamp et al. in 2009. Nothobranchius insularis itself was established as a species by Costa in 2017, the name applied to the island populations occurring in Mafia Island, by separating them from the mainland populations of N. lucius." 131470925,Nothobranchius milvertzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,milvertzi,,,,,"Nagy, 2014","

Nothobranchius milvertzi was established as a species by Nagy in 2014, and that status has since been accepted by all authors.

" 22706404,Oriolus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,crassirostris,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1857", 131471491,Nothobranchius mkuziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,mkuziensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","

Fundulus mkuziensis was established as a species by Fowler in 1934. Jubb (1963) synonymized it with N. orthonotus but the description and illustration in Fowler (1934) is not consistent with that opinion. Wildekamp (2004) proposed N. mkuziensis as separate species, based on morphometric, meristic and colour pattern elements.

" 131471671,Nothobranchius niassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,niassa,,,,,"Valdesalici, Bills, Dorn, Reichwald & Cellerino, 2012","

Nothobranchius niassa was established as a species by Valdesalici, Bills, Dorn, Reichwald and Cellerino in 2012.

" 131471725,Nothobranchius occultus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,occultus,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2014",

Nothobranchius occultus was established as a species by Valdesalici in 2014.

131471838,Nothobranchius sainthousei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,sainthousei,,,,,"Nagy, Cotterill & Bellstedt, 2016","

Nothobranchius sainthousei was established as a species by Nagy, Cotterill and Bellstedt in 2016.

" 131471945,Nothobranchius streltsovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,streltsovi,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2016","

A first population of this species was collected by Seegers in 1994 and referred to as Nothobranchius species Limba Limba (Seegers 1997). In 2010, 2012 and 2014, specimens apparently corresponding to N. species Limba Limba were collected from small pools associated with the Nkululu river in central Tanzania, close to the Limba Limba river, which were described as Nothobranchius streltsovi by Valdesalici in 2016.

" 131472058,Nothobranchius torgashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,torgashevi,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2015",Nothobranchius torgashevi was established as a species by Valdesalici in 2015. 60434,Nothobranchius robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,robustus,,,,,"Ahl, 1935","

Nothobranchius robustus was established as a species by Ahl in 1935. However, there is some uncertainty about the true identity of this species. Since the original collection at the type locality in 1892, the species has not been found again in Tanzania, in spite of numerous research trips conducted in the region. The exact position of the type locality is not known but seems likely to be in the Tschangera swamp region, east of the present Nungwe, near the Emin Pascha Gulf of Lake Victoria (Sainthouse 1989, Wildekamp 2004). The original description of N. robustus by Ahl was based on a single male specimen that was subsequently lost (Paepke and Seegers 1986), and is rather limited in the morphometric information presented. The description of the colour pattern is also not very specific: “light blue, with brown scale margins; fins red-brown.” (after Ahl 1935).

" 88026479,Nothobranchius sagittae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,sagittae,,,,,"Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2013",

Populations of this species were regarded as N. aff. neumanni in Wildekamp (2004) before morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed it to be a separate species and it was described as Nothobranchius sagittae in Wildekamp et al. 2014.

88026470,Nothobranchius serengetiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,serengetiensis,,,,,"Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2013",

Populations of this species were regarded as N. aff. neumanni in Wildekamp (2004) before morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed it to be a distinct species and it was described as Nothobranchius serengetiensis in Wildekamp et al. in 2014.

156301922,Nothobranchius taeniopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,taeniopygus,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1891 ","

Nothobranchius taeniopygus was established as a species by Hilgendorf in 1891, based on specimens collected in 1890 by the German Central Africa Expedition of 1889–1892, led by Emin Pascha and Franz Stuhlmann, in the vicinity of Lake Chaya, close to the present Kazi Kazi railway station. The syntypes were considered to be lost (Paepke and Seegers 1986) and the species was redescribed by Wildekamp (1990), with the designation of a neotype. Since the redescription many field studies by numerous researchers have discovered many more populations in western and central Tanzania that were regarded as N. taeniopygus or N. aff. taeniopygus and, based on some colour pattern differences, numerous ‘phenotypes’ have been designed (Wildekamp 2004). Morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed that N. taeniopygus is restricted to populations around the type locality in the upper Wembere system, and the different phenotypes described as distinct species by Watters et al. (2019) as Nothobranchius angelae, N. ottoschmidti, N. rungwaensis, N. skeltoni and N. sonjae.

" 22687383,Thalurania ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Thalurania,ridgwayi,,,,,"Nelson, 1900","Thalurania colombica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as T. colombica and T. fannyi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), and subsequently T. ridgwayi was recognised following AOU (1998)." 22723957,Passerina ciris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Passerina,ciris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22728985,Leucosticte australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Leucosticte,australis,,,,,"Ridgway, 1873", 22724320,Quiscalus quiscula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Quiscalus,quiscula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 190326,Sladenia shaefersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Sladenia,shaefersi,,,,,"Caruso & Bullis, 1976", 68063640,Eustomias dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,dubius,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 190144,Eustomias pyrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,pyrifer,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 68064100,Eustomias radicifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,radicifilis,,,,,"Borodin, 1930", 68064271,Monognathus boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,boehlkei,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 190457,Polyipnus laternatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,laternatus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 67966167,Poromitra nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,nigriceps,,,,,"(Zugmayer, 1911)",This species previously synonymized with Poromitra crassiceps. 22720702,Hesperiphona vespertina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Hesperiphona,vespertina,,,,,"(Cooper, 1825)","

Hesperiphona vespertina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Coccothraustes and listed as C. vespertinus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22723024,Oreothraupis arremonops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Oreothraupis,arremonops,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)", 22678815,Pternistis harwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,harwoodi,,,,,"(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)",Pternistis harwoodi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22682751,Temnotrogon roseigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Temnotrogon,roseigaster,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",Temnotrogon roseigaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Priotelus. 22728591,Trochalopteron ngoclinhense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,ngoclinhense,,,,,"(Eames, Le Trong Trai & Nguyen Cu, 1999)",

Trochalopteron ngoclinhense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax ngoclinhensis.

22678318,Ortalis erythroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,erythroptera,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1870", 22730401,Percnostola arenarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Percnostola,arenarum,,,,,"Isler, Alvarez Alonso, Isler & Whitney, 2001", 22713737,Apalis chariessa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,chariessa,,,,,"Reichenow, 1879", 22703252,Grallaria alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,alleni,,,,,"Chapman, 1912", 22731517,Corvus palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,palmarum,,,,,"Württemberg, 1835", 22698953,Hemitriccus mirandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,mirandae,,,,,"(Snethlage, 1925)", 22688090,Augastes scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Augastes,scutatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22696565,Tachybaptus pelzelnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Tachybaptus,pelzelnii,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1861)", 22707078,Hypothymis coelestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Hypothymis,coelestis,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877", 22714267,Zosterops oleagineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,oleagineus,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872", 22704969,Chloropsis venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,venusta,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22715888,Malacopteron albogulare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Malacopteron,albogulare,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)", 22734573,Micromacronus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Micromacronus,sordidus,,,,,"Ripley & Rabor, 1968", 22706049,Corvus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,pectoralis,,,,,"Gould, 1836",

Corvus pectoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as C. torquatus.

22708058,Euryceros prevostii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Euryceros,prevostii,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 103870362,Graminicola bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Graminicola,bengalensis,,,,,"Jerdon, 1863","

Graminicola bengalensis and G. striatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. bengalensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22717028,Mirafra williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,williamsi,,,,,"Macdonald, 1956", 22679440,Pavo muticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pavo,muticus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22696980,Egretta sacra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,sacra,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22733110,Henicorhina negreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Henicorhina,negreti,,,,,"Salaman et al., 2003", 22686709,Chaetura pelagica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,pelagica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679519,Tympanuchus pallidicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tympanuchus,pallidicinctus,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1873)", 103890694,Zosterops ficedulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,ficedulinus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1866","

Zosterops ficedulinus and Z. feae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. ficedulinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22713598,Prinia familiaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,familiaris,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 22691047,Alopecoenas sanctaecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,sanctaecrucis,,,,,"(Mayr, 1935)",Alopecoenas sanctaecrucis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 22735423,Sholicola albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sholicola,albiventris,,,,,"(Blanford, 1867)","Myiomela albiventris and M. major have been moved to the new genus Sholicola after they were found to be sister to a newly uncovered clade composed of several genera of mainly Asian blue-flycatchers (Robin et al. 2017). They have also received new common names, and are listed as White-bellied Sholakili Sholicola albiventris and Nilgiri Sholakili S. major." 22736345,Grallaria fenwickorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,fenwickorum,,,,,"Barrera & Bartels, 2010", 22728235,Pternistis atrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,atrifrons,,,,,"Conover, 1930","Pternistis castaneicollis and P. atrifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Francolinus and lumped as F. castaneicollis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22731941,Anorrhinus austeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anorrhinus,austeni,,,,,"Jerdon, 1872", 22678997,Perdicula asiatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Perdicula,asiatica,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22679346,Syrmaticus reevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Syrmaticus,reevesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1829)", 22679355,Chrysolophus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Chrysolophus,pictus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684758,Eolophus roseicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Eolophus,roseicapilla,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",Eolophus roseicapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Cacatua. 22685326,Agapornis canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,canus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22692418,Hypotaenidia torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,torquata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Hypotaenidia torquata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus as G. torquatus. 22693002,Pterocles orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,orientalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693928,Anarhynchus frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Anarhynchus,frontalis,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", 22694915,Aethia cristatella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Aethia,cristatella,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22697789,Eudyptes sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptes,sclateri,,,,,"Buller, 1888", 22698049,Pterodroma magentae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,magentae,,,,,"(Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869)", 22709319,Ficedula semitorquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,semitorquata,,,,,"(Homeyer, 1885)", 22709876,Cichladusa guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cichladusa,guttata,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1862)", 22710172,Saxicola insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,insignis,,,,,"Gray, 1846", 22710409,Myrmecocichla formicivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myrmecocichla,formicivora,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22710783,Pholia sharpii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Pholia,sharpii,,,,,"(Jackson, 1898)",

Pholia sharpii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cinnyricinclus sharpii.

22715430,Phylloscopus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,intermedius,,,,,"(La Touche, 1898)",

Phylloscopus intermedius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus affinis.

 

22716601,Fulvetta vinipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Fulvetta,vinipectus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)","

The genus Fulvetta has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Fulvetta vinipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe vinipectus.
Subspecies vary mainly in colour of head side and amount and colour of breast streaking, but subspecies valentinae distinctive, with grey vs brownish (various shades) on crown to mantle (2); stronger chestnut on rump and wings (1); blacker head sides (ns1); denser breast streaks (ns1); and greyer lower underparts (2); but vocally undifferentiated. Eight subspecies recognized.

" 22717254,Ammomanes deserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Ammomanes,deserti,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22717826,Cinnyris venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,venustus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1799)","

Cinnyris venustus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. venusta following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718003,Cinnyris mariquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,mariquensis,,,,,"Smith, 1836","

Cinnyris mariquensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718237,Passer swainsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,swainsonii,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)", 22718501,Anthus campestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,campestris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22718680,Sporopipes frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Sporopipes,frontalis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)", 22718783,Ploceus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,intermedius,,,,,"Rüppell, 1845", 22719132,Foudia madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22719155,Foudia sechellarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,sechellarum,,,,,"Newton, 1865", 22719837,Lonchura malacca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,malacca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22720176,Crithagra citrinipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,citrinipectus,,,,,"(Clancey & Lawson, 1960)","

Crithagra citrinipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720340,Chloris sinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chloris,sinica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Chloris sinica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720467,Leucosticte nemoricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Leucosticte,nemoricola,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22720728,Telespiza cantans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Telespiza,cantans,,,,,"Wilson, 1890", 22721578,Gubernatrix cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Gubernatrix,cristata,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22722123,Schistochlamys melanopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Schistochlamys,melanopis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22723595,Phonipara canora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Phonipara,canora,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Phonipara canora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tiaris and listed as T. canorus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724345,Molothrus bonariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Molothrus,bonariensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22732350,Pterorhinus courtoisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,courtoisi,,,,,"(Ménégaux, 1923)","Previously treated as Garrulax courtoisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Until recently treated as conspecific with P. galbanus. Isolated population in Simao, in S Yunnan, described as subspecies simaoensis on basis of yellowish-grey breastband, but this character sometimes present in Jiangxi population. Treated as monotypic." 22735092,Pterorhinus albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,albogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)","Previously treated as Garrulax albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Closely related to and previously treated as conspecific with P. ruficeps. Birds from NW Himalayas described as subspecies whistleri, those from SW Sichuan (SC China) as laetus and those in rest of China as eous; distinguishing characters (including mensural differences), however, extremely weak, and naming of geographical subspecies considered unwarranted. Treated as monotypic." 22736183,Zosterops somadikartai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,somadikartai,,,,,"Indrawan, Rasmussen & Sunarto, 2008", 103686589,Myzomela rubrobrunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,rubrobrunnea,,,,,"Meyer, 1874","

Myzomela obscura, M. simplex, M. rubrotincta and M. rubrobrunnea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. obscura following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103711371,Myiagra hebetior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Myiagra,hebetior,,,,,"(Hartert, 1924)","Myiagra hebetior, M. eichhorni and M. cervinicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. hebetior following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103810956,Euplectes laticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,laticauda,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","

Euplectes ardens and E. laticauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. ardens following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22720488,Leucosticte atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Leucosticte,atrata,,,,,"Ridgway, 1874", 22678108,Casuarius casuarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,CASUARIIDAE,Casuarius,casuarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22678117,Dromaius novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,CASUARIIDAE,Dromaius,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22678551,Alectura lathami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Alectura,lathami,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 22678719,Francolinus francolinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Francolinus,francolinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22678728,Francolinus pondicerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Francolinus,pondicerianus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22678944,Coturnix coturnix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Coturnix,coturnix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679213,Gallus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Gallus,varius,,,,,"(Shaw, 1798)", 22679358,Chrysolophus amherstiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Chrysolophus,amherstiae,,,,,"(Leadbeater, 1829)", 22679753,Dendrocygna arcuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,arcuata,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1824)", 22679843,Cygnus atratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cygnus,atratus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22679889,Anser anser,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,anser,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679893,Anser indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,indicus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22679935,Branta canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Branta,canadensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Branta canadensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as B. canadensis and B. hutchinsii following AOU (2004), and before then lumped as B. canadensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22679943,Branta leucopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Branta,leucopsis,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1803)", 22679958,Cereopsis novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cereopsis,novaehollandiae,,,,,"Latham, 1801", 22679993,Alopochen aegyptiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Alopochen,aegyptiaca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22680061,Cairina moschata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cairina,moschata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680107,Aix galericulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aix,galericulata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22683051,Ceyx websteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,websteri,,,,,"(Hartert, 1898)",Ceyx websteri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Alcedo. 22683973,Chalcites lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,lucidus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Chalcites lucidus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chrysococcyx. 22684206,Centropus ateralbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,ateralbus,,,,,"Lesson, 1826", 22684509,Eos bornea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eos,bornea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684767,Cacatua leadbeateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,leadbeateri,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22684781,Cacatua galerita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,galerita,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22684813,Cacatua sanguinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,sanguinea,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22685342,Agapornis roseicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,roseicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22685352,Agapornis personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,personatus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1887", 22685356,Agapornis lilianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,lilianae,,,,,"Shelley, 1894", 22685539,Ara ararauna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,ararauna,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685752,Aratinga nenday,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aratinga,nenday,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)",Aratinga nenday (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Nandayus. 22685926,Forpus passerinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,passerinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685959,Brotogeris versicolurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,versicolurus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22686222,Amazona albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,albifrons,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1788)", 22686346,Amazona ochrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,ochrocephala,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22686350,Amazona amazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,amazonica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22686882,Apus caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,caffer,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22689701,Chordeiles pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Chordeiles,pusillus,,,,,"Gould, 1861", 22690103,Columba palumbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,palumbus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22690226,Columba pallidiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,pallidiceps,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1877)", 22690657,Chalcophaps stephani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Chalcophaps,stephani,,,,,"Pucheran, 1853", 22690664,Henicophaps foersteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Henicophaps,foersteri,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1906", 22691729,Ducula finschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,finschii,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1882)", 22691865,Goura cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Goura,cristata,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22692073,Grus vipio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,vipio,,,,,"Pallas, 1811","Grus vipio (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2021) was previously moved to the genus Antigone (del Hoyo & Collar 2014), prior to which it was included in Grus. Monotypic." 22692081,Anthropoides virgo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Anthropoides,virgo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Monotypic. 22692384,Gallirallus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallirallus,australis,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1786)", 22692421,Hypotaenidia insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,insignis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1880)",Hypotaenidia insignis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus. 22692624,Amaurornis isabellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurornis,isabellina,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1865)", 22693420,Calidris maritima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,maritima,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1764)", 22693424,Calidris ptilocnemis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,ptilocnemis,,,,,"(Coues, 1873)", 22693868,Charadrius asiaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,asiaticus,,,,,"Pallas, 1773", 22694837,Alle alle,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Alle,alle,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694924,Cerorhinca monocerata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Cerorhinca,monocerata,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22694980,Henicopernis infuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Henicopernis,infuscatus,,,,,"Gurney, 1882", 22695547,Accipiter luteoschistaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,luteoschistaceus,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1926", 22695808,Buteogallus aequinoctialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,aequinoctialis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695900,Buteo albigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,albigula,,,,,"Philippi, 1899", 22696450,Falco femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,femoralis,,,,,"Temminck, 1822", 22697123,Ardeola ralloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardeola,ralloides,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)", 22697627,Cathartes aura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CATHARTIFORMES,CATHARTIDAE,Cathartes,aura,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697695,Ciconia boyciana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,boyciana,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1873", 22697829,Gavia stellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GAVIIFORMES,GAVIIDAE,Gavia,stellata,,,,,"(Pontoppidan, 1763)", 22700334,Attila phoenicurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Attila,phoenicurus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1868", 22703240,Grallaria gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,gigantea,,,,,"Lawrence, 1866", 22705929,Corvus monedula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,monedula,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22705938,Corvus splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,splendens,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22705944,Corvus moneduloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,moneduloides,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 22705990,Corvus brachyrhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,brachyrhynchos,,,,,"Brehm, 1822", 22706288,Gymnorhina tibicen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Gymnorhina,tibicen,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22707425,Grallina cyanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Grallina,cyanoleuca,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22707678,Chlorophoneus kupeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Chlorophoneus,kupeensis,,,,,"Serle, 1951",Chlorophoneus kupeensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Telophorus kupeensis. 22708150,Bombycilla japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BOMBYCILLIDAE,Bombycilla,japonica,,,,,"(Siebold, 1824)", 22708156,Cinclus cinclus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLIDAE,Cinclus,cinclus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22708361,Geokichla dohertyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,dohertyi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)",

Geokichla dohertyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera dohertyi.

22708370,Geokichla peronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,peronii,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",

Geokichla peronii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera peronii.

22708426,Geokichla gurneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,gurneyi,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1864)",

Geokichla gurneyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera gurneyi.

22708443,Geokichla camaronensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,camaronensis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1905)",

Geokichla camaronensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera camaronensis.

22708450,Geokichla princei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,princei,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1873)",Geokichla princei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera princei. 22708635,Catharus fuscater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,fuscater,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)", 22708639,Catharus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,occidentalis,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22708647,Catharus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1856)", 22708655,Catharus fuscescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,fuscescens,,,,,"(Stephens, 1817)", 22708970,Heteroxenicus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Heteroxenicus,stellatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1868)", 22708973,Brachypteryx hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,hyperythra,,,,,"Jerdon & Blyth, 1861", 22708992,Chamaetylas poliocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Chamaetylas,poliocephala,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)",

Chamaetylas poliocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pseudalethe poliocephala.

22709022,Alethe castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Alethe,castanea,,,,,"(Cassin, 1856)", 22709108,Fraseria cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,cinerascens,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1857", 22709161,Cyornis ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,ruficauda,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)",

Cyornis ruficauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Rhinomyias ruficauda.

22709226,Bradornis ussheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Bradornis,ussheri,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1871)",

Bradornis ussheri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa ussheri.

22709230,Bradornis fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Bradornis,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)",

Bradornis fuliginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa infuscata.

22709297,Fraseria plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,plumbea,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1858)",

Fraseria plumbea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myioparus plumbeus.

22709308,Ficedula hypoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,hypoleuca,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22709367,Ficedula rufigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,rufigula,,,,,"(Wallace, 1865)", 22709445,Eumyias panayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Eumyias,panayensis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22709527,Cyornis poliogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,poliogenys,,,,,"Brooks, 1879", 22709675,Erithacus rubecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Erithacus,rubecula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22709803,Cossypha cyanocampter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,cyanocampter,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22709918,Cercotrichas hartlaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cercotrichas,hartlaubi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1891)",

Cercotrichas hartlaubi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia hartlaubi.

22709967,Cercotrichas podobe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cercotrichas,podobe,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22710120,Grandala coelicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Grandala,coelicolor,,,,,"Hodgson, 1843", 22710123,Enicurus scouleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Enicurus,scouleri,,,,,"Vigors, 1832", 22710505,Aplonis tabuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,tabuensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22710508,Aplonis striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,striata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22710522,Aplonis crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,crassa,,,,,"(Sclater, 1883)", 22710525,Aplonis cantoroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,cantoroides,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)", 22710531,Aplonis feadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,feadensis,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1882)", 22710537,Aplonis grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,grandis,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1881)", 22710544,Aplonis mysolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,mysolensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1862)", 22710654,Hylopsar purpureiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Hylopsar,purpureiceps,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851)",

Hylopsar purpureiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lamprotornis purpureiceps.

22710791,Cinnyricinclus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Cinnyricinclus,leucogaster,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22710825,Hartlaubius auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Hartlaubius,auratus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",

Hartlaubius auratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Saroglossa aurata.

22710874,Agropsar philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Agropsar,philippensis,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)",

Agropsar philippensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus philippensis.

22710929,Acridotheres ginginianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,ginginianus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22710958,Basilornis celebensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Basilornis,celebensis,,,,,"Gray, 1861", 22710961,Basilornis galeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Basilornis,galeatus,,,,,"Meyer, 1894", 22711005,Buphagus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BUPHAGIDAE,Buphagus,africanus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22711009,Buphagus erythrorynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BUPHAGIDAE,Buphagus,erythrorynchus,,,,,"(Stanley, 1814)",

Buphagus erythrorynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as B. erythrorhynchus.

22711130,Cinclocerthia ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Cinclocerthia,ruficauda,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)", 22711140,Allenia fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Allenia,fusca,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",

Allenia fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Margarops fuscus.

22711299,Campylorhynchus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,griseus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22711306,Campylorhynchus turdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,turdinus,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 22711309,Campylorhynchus megalopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,megalopterus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1845", 22711322,Campylorhynchus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 22711473,Cantorchilus guarayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,guarayanus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)",

Cantorchilus guarayanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus guarayanus.

22711476,Cantorchilus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,longirostris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)",

Cantorchilus longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus longirostris.

22711521,Henicorhina leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Henicorhina,leucosticta,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1847)", 22711554,Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cyphorhinus,phaeocephalus,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22712766,Eurillas virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Eurillas,virens,,,,,"(Cassin, 1858)",

Eurillas virens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus virens.

 

22712777,Eurillas gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Eurillas,gracilis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1880)",

Eurillas gracilis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus gracilis.

 

22712782,Eurillas ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Eurillas,ansorgei,,,,,"(Hartert, 1907)",

Eurillas ansorgei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus ansorgei.

22712795,Andropadus importunus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Andropadus,importunus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22712800,Eurillas latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Eurillas,latirostris,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)",

Eurillas latirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus latirostris.

 

22712833,Calyptocichla serinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Calyptocichla,serinus,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)",

Calyptocichla serinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Calyptocichla serina.

 

22712837,Baeopogon indicator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Baeopogon,indicator,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1855)", 22712851,Chlorocichla simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Chlorocichla,simplex,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1855)", 22712865,Chlorocichla flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Chlorocichla,flaviventris,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 22713083,Bleda canicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Bleda,canicapillus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1854)", 22713109,Criniger barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Criniger,barbatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)", 22713120,Criniger calurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Criniger,calurus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)", 22713179,Hypsipetes philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,philippinus,,,,,"(Forster, 1795)",

Hypsipetes philippinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ixos philippinus.

 

 

22713182,Hypsipetes rufigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,rufigularis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877",

Hypsipetes rufigularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ixos rufigularis.

 

22713192,Hypsipetes amaurotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,amaurotis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1830)",

Hypsipetes amaurotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ixos amaurotis.

22713213,Hypsipetes madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,madagascariensis,,,,,"(P. L. S. Müller, 1776)", 22714295,Heleia javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,javanica,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)",

Heleia javanica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lophozosterops javanicus.

22714307,Heleia superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,superciliaris,,,,,"(Hartert, 1897)",

Heleia superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lophozosterops superciliaris.

22714315,Heleia dohertyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Heleia,dohertyi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)",

Heleia dohertyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lophozosterops dohertyi.

22714386,Horornis seebohmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,seebohmi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)",

Horornis seebohmi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia seebohmi.

 

22714569,Bathmocercus cerviniventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Bathmocercus,cerviniventris,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22715182,Hylia prasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Hylia,prasina,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)", 22715617,Melanocichla calva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Melanocichla,calva,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1878)","The two closely related Sundaic species previously known as Black Laughingthrush Garrulax lugubris and Bare-headed Laughingthrush G. calvus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), often formerly treated as conspecific, were subject to molecular analysis for the first time by Cai et al. (2019), who discovered that they actually belong in another babbler family, proving to be closer to the genus Pomatorhinus than Pomatorhinus is to Erythrogenys. Monotypic." 22715620,Grammatoptila striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Grammatoptila,striata,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",

Grammatoptila striata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax striatus.

22715636,Pterorhinus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,ruficollis,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1838)",Previously treated as Garrulax ruficollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Monotypic. 22715653,Pterorhinus delesserti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,delesserti,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1839)",Previously treated as Garrulax delesserti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). In the past elsewhere considered conspecific with P. gularis. Monotypic. 22715656,Pterorhinus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,gularis,,,,,"(McClelland, 1840)","Previously treated as Garrulax gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). See remarks under P. delesserti. Birds from Laos described as subspecies auratus, but considered inseparable from those elsewhere in species’ range. Monotypic." 22715669,Ianthocincla rufogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,rufogularis,,,,,"Gould, 1835",Previously listed as Garrulax rufogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Proposed subspecies grosvenori (from W Nepal) synonymized with occidentalis. Six subspecies recognized. 22715679,Ianthocincla maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Ianthocincla,maxima,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)","Previously listed as Garrulax maximus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Has elsewhere been treated as conspecific with I. ocellatus, and the two appear to intergrade between upper R Subansiri (India) and Tsangpo Valley, in SE Xizang (China). Monotypic." 22715685,Pterorhinus caerulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,caerulatus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)",Previously treated as Garrulax caerulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018).  Closely related to P. berthemyi and P. poecilorhynchus; in the past all three were treated as conspecific. Five subspecies recognized. 22716190,Cyanoderma pyrrhops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Cyanoderma,pyrrhops,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)",

Cyanoderma pyrrhops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris pyrrhops.

22716283,Cyanoderma melanothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Cyanoderma,melanothorax,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)",

Cyanoderma melanothorax (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris melanothorax.

22716338,Acanthoptila nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Acanthoptila,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)",

Acanthoptila nipalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides nipalensis.

22716341,Argya altirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,altirostris,,,,,"(Hartert, 1909)",

Argya altirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides altirostris.

22716344,Argya caudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,caudata,,,,,"(Dumont, 1823)",

Argya caudata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides caudata.

22716352,Argya earlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,earlei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)",

Argya earlei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides earlei.

22716355,Argya gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,gularis,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)",

Previously listed as Chatarrhaea gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly listed as Turdoides gularis. Monotypic.

22716364,Argya squamiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,squamiceps,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1827)",

Argya squamiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides squamiceps.

22716379,Argya aylmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,aylmeri,,,,,"Shelley, 1885",

Argya aylmeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides aylmeri.

22716383,Argya rubiginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,rubiginosa,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)",

Argya rubiginosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Turdoides rubiginosa.

22716557,Actinodura egertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Actinodura,egertoni,,,,,"Gould, 1836", 22716647,Alcippe nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALCIPPEIDAE,Alcippe,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)","Following Cai et al. (2019), all members of genus Alcippe now moved to their own family Alcippeidae. Proposed subspecies commoda, from NE India (Assam) and N Myanmar, considered better merged with nominate. Two subspecies recognized." 22716702,Heterophasia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Heterophasia,gracilis,,,,,"(McClelland, 1840)", 22716714,Heterophasia pulchella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Heterophasia,pulchella,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1874)", 22716781,Paradoxornis aemodium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,aemodium,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1842)",

The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Conostoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Taxon name previously listed as oemodium. Monotypic.

22717298,Alauda leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alauda,leucoptera,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)",

Alauda leucoptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Melanocorypha leucoptera.

22717478,Dicaeum everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,everetti,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22717494,Dicaeum aureolimbatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,aureolimbatum,,,,,"(Wallace, 1865)", 22717540,Dicaeum vulneratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,vulneratum,,,,,"Wallace, 1863", 22717546,Dicaeum geelvinkianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,geelvinkianum,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 22717552,Dicaeum eximium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,eximium,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22717572,Dicaeum monticolum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,monticolum,,,,,"Sharpe, 1887", 22717575,Dicaeum celebicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,celebicum,,,,,"Müller, 1843", 22717629,Anthreptes gabonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,gabonicus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1861)", 22717672,Hedydipna platura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Hedydipna,platura,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)","

Hedydipna platura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Anthreptes and listed as A. platurus following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717683,Anthreptes seimundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,seimundi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1908)","

Anthreptes seimundi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22717691,Cyanomitra olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cyanomitra,olivacea,,,,,"(Smith, 1840)","

Cyanomitra olivacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717733,Cyanomitra alinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cyanomitra,alinae,,,,,"Jackson, 1904","

Cyanomitra alinae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717746,Cyanomitra cyanolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cyanomitra,cyanolaema,,,,,"(Jardine & Fraser, 1851)","

Cyanomitra cyanolaema (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717758,Chalcomitra fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcomitra,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)","

Chalcomitra fuliginosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717770,Chalcomitra senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Chalcomitra,senegalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Chalcomitra senegalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717846,Cinnyris bouvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,bouvieri,,,,,"Shelley, 1877","

Cinnyris bouvieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717869,Cinnyris chalybeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,chalybeus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Cinnyris chalybeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. chalybea following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717903,Cinnyris neergaardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,neergaardi,,,,,"Grant, 1908","

Cinnyris neergaardi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717923,Cinnyris minullus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,minullus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1899","

Cinnyris minullus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. minulla following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22717945,Cinnyris cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,cupreus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)","

Cinnyris cupreus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. cuprea following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717975,Drepanorhynchus reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Drepanorhynchus,reichenowi,,,,,"Fischer, 1884","

Drepanorhynchus reichenowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717990,Cinnyris shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,shelleyi,,,,,"Alexander, 1899","

Cinnyris shelleyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717994,Cinnyris erythrocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,erythrocercus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)","

Cinnyris erythrocercus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. erythrocerca following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718027,Cinnyris coccinigastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,coccinigastrus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","

Cinnyris coccinigastrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. coccinigaster following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718031,Cinnyris johannae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,johannae,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851","

Cinnyris johannae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718035,Cinnyris superbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,superbus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)","

Cinnyris superbus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. superba following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22718065,Aethopyga pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,pulcherrima,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876", 22718100,Aethopyga ignicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,ignicauda,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1837)", 22718118,Arachnothera clarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,clarae,,,,,"Blasius, 1890", 22718310,Carpospiza brachydactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Carpospiza,brachydactyla,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Carpospiza brachydactyla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Petronia following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718448,Anthus lineiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,lineiventris,,,,,"Sundevall, 1851", 22718480,Anthus novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22718485,Anthus leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,leucophrys,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22718489,Anthus vaalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,vaalensis,,,,,"Shelley, 1900", 22718493,Anthus pallidiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,pallidiventris,,,,,"Sharpe, 1885", 22718532,Anthus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,brachyurus,,,,,"Sundevall, 1851", 22718536,Anthus caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,caffer,,,,,"Sundevall, 1851", 22718546,Anthus trivialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,trivialis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22718553,Anthus gustavi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,gustavi,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1863", 22718567,Anthus petrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,petrosus,,,,,"(Montagu, 1798)", 22718571,Anthus spinoletta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,spinoletta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22718579,Anthus sylvanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,sylvanus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1845)", 22718597,Anthus hellmayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,hellmayri,,,,,"Hartert, 1909", 22718662,Bubalornis albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Bubalornis,albirostris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22718674,Dinemellia dinemelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Dinemellia,dinemelli,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)", 22719116,Brachycope anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Brachycope,anomala,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)", 22719144,Foudia omissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,omissa,,,,,"Rothschild, 1912", 22719164,Euplectes afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,afer,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22719181,Euplectes franciscanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,franciscanus,,,,,"(Isert, 1789)", 22719186,Euplectes orix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,orix,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719196,Euplectes aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,aureus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22719204,Euplectes axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,axillaris,,,,,"(Smith, 1838)", 22719233,Euplectes hartlaubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Euplectes,hartlaubi,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1878)", 22719254,Anomalospiza imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Anomalospiza,imberbis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1868)", 22719260,Amblyospiza albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Amblyospiza,albifrons,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22719364,Cryptospiza salvadorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Cryptospiza,salvadorii,,,,,"Reichenow, 1892", 22719416,Hypargos margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Hypargos,margaritatus,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)", 22719420,Euschistospiza dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Euschistospiza,dybowskii,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1892)", 22719518,Estrilda coerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,coerulescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22719558,Estrilda melpoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,melpoda,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22719570,Estrilda troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,troglodytes,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22719574,Estrilda astrild,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,astrild,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719618,Amandava formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Amandava,formosa,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22719624,Amandava subflava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Amandava,subflava,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22719695,Erythrura hyperythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,hyperythra,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1863)", 22719707,Erythrura tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,tricolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22719712,Erythrura trichroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,trichroa,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1835)", 22719725,Erythrura psittacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,psittacea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22719761,Euodice cantans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Euodice,cantans,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Euodice cantans (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Lonchura following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22719770,Euodice malabarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Euodice,malabarica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Euodice malabarica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Lonchura following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 and supplements); Cramp and Simmons (1977-1994); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720122,Crithagra rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,rothschildi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1902)","

Crithagra rothschildi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720181,Crithagra mozambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,mozambica,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Crithagra mozambica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. mozambicus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720201,Crithagra flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,flaviventris,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Crithagra flaviventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720205,Crithagra sulphurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,sulphurata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Crithagra sulphurata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. sulphuratus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720241,Crithagra menachensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,menachensis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1913","

Crithagra menachensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720330,Chloris chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chloris,chloris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Chloris chloris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AERC TAC (2003); Christidis and Boles (2008); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); SACC (2005 and updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Turbott (1990).

" 22720350,Chloris monguilloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chloris,monguilloti,,,,,"(Delacour, 1926)","

Chloris monguilloti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720499,Callacanthis burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Callacanthis,burtoni,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22720520,Bucanetes mongolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Bucanetes,mongolicus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1870)", 22720543,Carpodacus sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,sibiricus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","

Carpodacus sibiricus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Uragus following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720563,Haemorhous mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Haemorhous,mexicanus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Haemorhous mexicanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carpodacus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720567,Carpodacus pulcherrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,pulcherrimus,,,,,"(Moore, 1856)", 22720574,Carpodacus rodochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,rodochroa,,,,,"Vigors, 1831", 22720585,Carpodacus edwardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,edwardsii,,,,,"Verreaux, 1871", 22720592,Carpodacus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,roseus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 22720604,Carpodacus rhodochlamys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,rhodochlamys,,,,,"(Brandt, 1843)", 22720607,Carpodacus rubicilloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,rubicilloides,,,,,"Przewalski, 1876", 22720628,Carpodacus subhimachalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,subhimachalus,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)","

Carpodacus subhimachalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Pinicola and listed as P. subhimachala following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720687,Eophona personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Eophona,personata,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)", 22720884,Emberiza stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,stewarti,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)", 22720888,Emberiza cirlus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,cirlus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22720899,Emberiza godlewskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,godlewskii,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1874", 22720905,Emberiza jankowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,jankowskii,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1888", 22720931,Emberiza impetuani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,impetuani,,,,,"Smith, 1836", 22720944,Emberiza capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,capensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22720963,Emberiza elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,elegans,,,,,"Temminck, 1835", 22721003,Emberiza variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,variabilis,,,,,"Temminck, 1835", 22721147,Ammodramus humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Ammodramus,humeralis,,,,,"(Bosc, 1792)", 22721424,Atlapetes leucopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,leucopis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1878)", 22721445,Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,fuscoolivaceus,,,,,"Chapman, 1914", 22721465,Atlapetes seebohmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,seebohmi,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1883)", 22721504,Atlapetes personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,personatus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1848)", 22721572,Arremon castaneiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,castaneiceps,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22722008,Basileuterus hypoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,hypoleucus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22722028,Basileuterus tristriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,tristriatus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22722083,Conirostrum speciosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,speciosum,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22722089,Conirostrum bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,bicolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1809)", 22722093,Conirostrum margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,margaritae,,,,,"(Holt, 1931)", 22722130,Cypsnagra hirundinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cypsnagra,hirundinacea,,,,,"(Lesson, 1823)", 22722142,Cissopis leverianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cissopis,leverianus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22722150,Chlorornis riefferii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chlorornis,riefferii,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22722153,Compsothraupis loricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Compsothraupis,loricata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1819)", 22722187,Chlorospingus parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,parvirostris,,,,,"Chapman, 1901", 22722198,Bangsia flavovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Bangsia,flavovirens,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)", 22722335,Habia stolzmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,stolzmanni,,,,,"(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1883)","

Habia stolzmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Chlorothraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722343,Eucometis penicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Eucometis,penicillata,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22722363,Creurgops verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Creurgops,verticalis,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22722437,Habia cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,cristata,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1875)", 22722555,Cyanicterus cyanicterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cyanicterus,cyanicterus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22722606,Cnemathraupis eximia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cnemathraupis,eximia,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","

Cnemathraupis eximia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Buthraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722630,Anisognathus lacrymosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Anisognathus,lacrymosus,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1846)", 22722697,Euphonia plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,plumbea,,,,,"Du Bus, 1855", 22722706,Euphonia chlorotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,chlorotica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722709,Euphonia trinitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,trinitatis,,,,,"Strickland, 1851", 22722715,Euphonia saturata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,saturata,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1860)", 22722741,Euphonia cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,cyanocephala,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22722769,Euphonia rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,rufiventris,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22722775,Euphonia pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,pectoralis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22722778,Chlorophonia flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorophonia,flavirostris,,,,,"Sclater, 1861", 22722793,Chlorochrysa phoenicotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chlorochrysa,phoenicotis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22722982,Dacnis flaviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,flaviventer,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22722985,Dacnis nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,nigripes,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1856", 22723006,Cyanerpes lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cyanerpes,lucidus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1859)", 22723021,Catamblyrhynchus diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Catamblyrhynchus,diadema,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1842", 22723039,Coryphaspiza melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Coryphaspiza,melanotis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22723047,Coryphospingus pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Coryphospingus,pileatus,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)", 22723051,Coryphospingus cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Coryphospingus,cucullatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22723110,Corydospiza alaudina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Corydospiza,alaudina,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1833)","

Corydospiza alaudina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phrygilus and listed as P. alaudinus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723174,Diuca diuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diuca,diuca,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22723370,Emberizoides herbicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Emberizoides,herbicola,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22723380,Emberizoides ypiranganus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Emberizoides,ypiranganus,,,,,"Ihering, 1907", 22723554,Amaurospiza relicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Amaurospiza,relicta,,,,,"(Griscom, 1934)","

Amaurospiza moesta and A. relicta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped within A. moesta, which was previously split into A. moesta, A. concolor and A. carrizalensis following following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723614,Asemospiza fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Asemospiza,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Wied, 1830)","

Asemospiza fuliginosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tiaris and listed as T. fuliginosus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723652,Diglossa albilatera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,albilatera,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843", 22723686,Diglossa duidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,duidae,,,,,"Chapman, 1929", 22723690,Diglossa major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,major,,,,,"Cabanis, 1849", 22723694,Diglossa indigotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,indigotica,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22723708,Diglossa caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,caerulescens,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22723819,Cardinalis cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cardinalis,cardinalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22723976,Cacicus oseryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,oseryi,,,,,"(Deville, 1849)","

Cacicus oseryi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Clypicterus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724046,Cacicus chrysopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,chrysopterus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1825)", 22724071,Icterus chrysocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,chrysocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",

Icterus cayanensis and I. chrysocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. cayanensis following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

22724076,Icterus cayanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,cayanensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",

Icterus cayanensis and I. chrysocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. cayanensis following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

22724087,Icterus nigrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,nigrogularis,,,,,"(Hahn, 1819)", 22724120,Icterus jamacaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,jamacaii,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22724126,Icterus galbula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,galbula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22724166,Gymnomystax mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Gymnomystax,mexicanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22724172,Agelasticus xanthophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelasticus,xanthophthalmus,,,,,"Short, 1969", 22724178,Agelasticus thilius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelasticus,thilius,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22724184,Agelasticus cyanopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelasticus,cyanopus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22724191,Agelaius phoeniceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelaius,phoeniceus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22724206,Agelaius humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelaius,humeralis,,,,,"(Vigors, 1827)", 22724212,Chrysomus ruficapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Chrysomus,ruficapillus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22724265,Amblyramphus holosericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Amblyramphus,holosericeus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22724268,Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Hypopyrrhus,pyrohypogaster,,,,,"(de Tarragon, 1847)", 22724305,Dives warczewiczi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Dives,warczewiczi,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)","

Dives warczewiczi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was listed as D. warszewiczi following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724703,Guaruba guarouba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Guaruba,guarouba,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22724887,Arremon atricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,atricapillus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1874)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

" 22726852,Actenoides capucinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Actenoides,capucinus,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896)","

Actenoides monachus and A. capucinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. monachus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727981,Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoramphus,novaezelandiae,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1787)","

Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. novaezelandiae, C. cookii (following Christidis and Boles 1994 and Turbott 1990), and C. saisseti (following Boon et al. 2001), and before then C. saisseti was lumped with C. novaezelandiae, with C. cookii treated as a separate species, following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728292,Amazona autumnalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,autumnalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Amazona autumnalis, A. diadema and A. lilacina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. autumnalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22729332,Arremon semitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,semitorquatus,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22730755,Alethe diademata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Alethe,diademata,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22731255,Calyptophilus frugivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOPHILIDAE,Calyptophilus,frugivorus,,,,,"(Cory, 1883)","

Calyptophilus frugivorus and C. tertius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. frugivorus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22732130,Aethopyga bella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,bella,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877", 22732262,Chloropsis kinabaluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,kinabaluensis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1887", 22733682,Geokichla erythronota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,erythronota,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)",

Geokichla erythronota (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera erythronota.

22733786,Atlapetes melanolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,melanolaemus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1879)", 22733815,Cinnycerthia olivascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cinnycerthia,olivascens,,,,,"Sharpe, 1881", 22734230,Aethopyga shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,shelleyi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876", 22734458,Garrulax castanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,castanotis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1899)", 22734463,Pterorhinus berthemyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,berthemyi,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1876)","Previously treated as Garrulax berthemyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). See comments under P. caerulatus. Until recently, P. poecilorhynchus was included with the present species. NW Yunnan population (E of R Mekong) named as a subspecies, ricinus, but not fully diagnosable. Monotypic." 22734498,Erythrogenys gravivox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Erythrogenys,gravivox,,,,,"(David, 1873)",

Erythrogenys gravivox (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pomatorhinus gravivox.

22734508,Erythrogenys swinhoei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Erythrogenys,swinhoei,,,,,"(David, 1874)",

Erythrogenys swinhoei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pomatorhinus swinhoei.

22734613,Heterophasia desgodinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Heterophasia,desgodinsi,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1877)", 22734633,Certhia hodgsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,hodgsoni,,,,,"W. E. Brooks, 1873", 22735076,Garrulax canorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,canorus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22735310,Icterus icterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,icterus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22735315,Icterus croconotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,croconotus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22735909,Ficedula parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,parva,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1792)", 45111439,Burhinus oedicnemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,oedicnemus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Burhinus oedicnemus and B. indicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously lumped as B. oedicnemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45419296,Geoffroyus heteroclitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Geoffroyus,heteroclitus,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)","Geoffroyus heteroclitus and G. hyacinthinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. heteroclitus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 60835335,Aerodramus vanikorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,vanikorensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)","Aerodramus vanikorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia and split as C. vanikorensis, C. amelis and C. palawanensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61752071,Bubo virginianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,virginianus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Bubo virginianus and B. magellanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. virginianusfollowing Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 102998555,Alauda arvensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alauda,arvensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Alauda arvensis (AERC TAC [2003]; AOU [1998 and supplements]; Christidis and Boles [2008]; Cramp et al. [1977-1994]; Dowsett and Forbes-Watson [1993]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Turbott [1990]) and A. japonica (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into A. arvensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 103761640,Crithagra canicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,canicapilla,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1855)",

Crithagra gularis and C. canicapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Serinus and lumped as S. gularis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

103762448,Dessonornis anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Dessonornis,anomalus,,,,,"(Shelley, 1893)","Dessonornis anomalus, D. macclounii and D. mbuluensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Cossypha anomala following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103766207,Calandrella brachydactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calandrella,brachydactyla,,,,,"(Leisler, 1814)","

Calandrella brachydactyla and C. dukhunensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped into C. brachydactyla following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Closely related to C. cinerea, with which often previously merged, and to C. blanfordi, C. eremica and C. acutirostris; until recently considered conspecific with C. dukhunensis (see related note). Geographical variation slight and clinal—becoming paler and greyer to E, more rufous and streaked above to W—but greatly complicated by strong influence of wear, considerable individual variation and lack of natural boundaries; described ranges of listed taxa somewhat arbitrary. We follow Donald and Alström (in prep) in treating Greater Short-toed Lark as monotypic, finding no support for the usually accepted subspecies woltersi, hungarica, hermonensis, rubiginosa, artemisiana and longipennis. Note that the breeding range does not extend so far east into Mongolia as previously thought, indeed it is unclear whether it occurs in Mongolia at all. The species is monotypic.

" 103768261,Emberiza personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,personata,,,,,"Temminck, 1836","

Emberiza spodocephala and E. personata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as E. spodocephala following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103768539,Calliope pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Calliope,pectoralis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","

Calliope pectoralis and C. tschebaiewi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Luscinia and lumped as L. pectoralis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103768594,Calliope tschebaiewi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Calliope,tschebaiewi,,,,,"(Przevalski, 1876)","

Calliope pectoralis and C. tschebaiewi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Luscinia and lumped as L. pectoralis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103769434,Ficedula owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,owstoni,,,,,"(Bangs, 1901)","

Ficedula narcissina, F. elisae and F. owstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. narcissina following AOU (1998 & supplements); Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103769583,Ficedula luzoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,luzoniensis,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1894)","

Ficedula hyperythra and F. luzoniensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. hyperythra following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103771748,Ficedula riedeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,riedeli,,,,,"(Büttikofer, 1886)","

Ficedula dumetoria and F. riedeli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. dumetoria following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103778206,Dicaeum keiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,keiense,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1874)","

Dicaeum hirundinaceum, D. ignicolle and D. keiense (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. hirundinaceum following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103778923,Arachnothera flammifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Arachnothera,flammifera,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1878","

Arachnothera longirostra, A. dilutior and A. flammifera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. longirostra following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103798440,Cinnyris ludovicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,ludovicensis,,,,,"(Bocage, 1868)","

Cinnyris afer, C. stuhlmanni, C. prigoginei and C. ludovicensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. afra following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

" 103810377,Aethopyga magnifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,magnifica,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876","

Aethopyga siparaja, A. magnifica and A. vigorsii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. siparaja following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103836280,Brachypodius fuscoflavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Brachypodius,fuscoflavescens,,,,,"Hume, 1873","

Brachypodius atriceps and B. fuscoflavescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pycnonotus atriceps following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103837055,Carpodacus dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,dubius,,,,,"Przevalski, 1876","

Carpodacus thura and C. dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. thura following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103866595,Brachypteryx montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Brachypteryx,montana,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821","

Brachypteryx montana, B. cruralis, B. sinensis, B. goodfellowi, B. poliogyna, B. erythrogyna, B. saturata and B. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. montana following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103871108,Aegithalos iredalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,iredalei,,,,,"(Baker, 1920)","

Aegithalos concinnus, A. iredalei and A. annamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. concinnus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103871775,Aegithalos iouschistos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Aegithalos,iouschistos,,,,,"(Blyth, 1844)","

Aegithalos iouschistos and A. bonvaloti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. iouschistos following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103872761,Pterorhinus lanceolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Pterorhinus,lanceolatus,,,,,"Verreaux, J, 1871","

Previously treated as Garrulax lanceolatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cibois et al. (2018). Until recently considered conspecific with P. woodi (see related note/s) as Babax lanceolatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). Three subspecies recognized.

" 105965570,Amaurospiza moesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Amaurospiza,moesta,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1853)","

Amaurospiza moesta and A. relicta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped within A. moesta, which was previously split into A. moesta, A. concolor and A. carrizalensis following following SACC (2005 and updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22719543,Estrilda poliopareia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Estrilda,poliopareia,,,,,"Reichenow, 1902", 103686945,Myzomela batjanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,batjanensis,,,,,"Hartert, 1903","

Myzomela chloroptera and M. batjanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. chloroptera following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22678265,Nothoprocta perdicaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothoprocta,perdicaria,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1830)", 22678429,Pipile jacutinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pipile,jacutinga,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22678611,Megapodius eremita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,eremita,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1867", 22678673,Tetraogallus himalayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tetraogallus,himalayensis,,,,,"Gray, 1843", 22678823,Pternistis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,capensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Pternistis capensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678827,Pternistis hildebrandti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,hildebrandti,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1878)",Pternistis hildebrandti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678855,Pternistis afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,afer,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",Pternistis afer (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678865,Pternistis erckelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,erckelii,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)",Pternistis erckelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22678927,Margaroperdix madagarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Margaroperdix,madagarensis,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)",M. madagarensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as M. madagascariensis. 22679141,Ophrysia superciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Ophrysia,superciliosa,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 22679398,Polyplectron napoleonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,napoleonis,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 22679525,Meleagris gallopavo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Meleagris,gallopavo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22679555,Numida meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Numida,meleagris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680021,Tadorna cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tadorna,cristata,,,,,"(Kuroda, 1917)", 22680485,Mergus serrator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mergus,serrator,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22680492,Mergus merganser,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mergus,merganser,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22681114,Leiopicus medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leiopicus,medius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Leiopicus medius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Dendrocopos. 22684567,Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,chlorolepidotus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22684647,Vini ultramarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Vini,ultramarina,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22684828,Nymphicus hollandicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Nymphicus,hollandicus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 22685009,Tanygnathus lucionensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Tanygnathus,lucionensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22685041,Prosopeia tabuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Prosopeia,tabuensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22685223,Melopsittacus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Melopsittacus,undulatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1805)", 22685441,Alexandrinus krameri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Alexandrinus,krameri,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)","Alexandrinus krameri (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula krameri (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Alexandrinus for P. krameri, P. eques and P. exsul." 22685648,Psittacara acuticaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,acuticaudatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",Psittacara acuticaudatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga as A. acuticaudata. 22685669,Psittacara mitratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,mitratus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)",Psittacara mitratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga as A. mitrata. 22688470,Tyto aurantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,aurantia,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1881)", 22689480,Ninox odiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,odiosa,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22690445,Spilopelia senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Spilopelia,senegalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Spilopelia senegalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Stigmatopelia.

22690488,Streptopelia capicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,capicola,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1857)", 22690596,Reinwardtoena browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Reinwardtoena,browni,,,,,"(Sclater, 1877)", 22691549,Ptilinopus insolitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,insolitus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1863)", 22692900,Tribonyx mortierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Tribonyx,mortierii,,,,,"Du Bus, 1840",Tribonyx mortierii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallinula. 22692990,Pterocles exustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,exustus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 22694629,Sterna paradisaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,paradisaea,,,,,"Pontoppidan, 1763", 22694847,Uria lomvia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Uria,lomvia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696264,Phalcoboenus chimango,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Phalcoboenus,chimango,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Phalcoboenus chimango (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Milvago. 22696606,Podiceps auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,auritus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697203,Nyctanassa violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Nyctanassa,violacea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697365,Phoenicopterus chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHOENICOPTERIFORMES,PHOENICOPTERIDAE,Phoenicopterus,chilensis,,,,,"Molina, 1782", 22697510,Threskiornis aethiopicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Threskiornis,aethiopicus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22697548,Nipponia nippon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Nipponia,nippon,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22699992,Myiotheretes pernix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiotheretes,pernix,,,,,"(Bangs, 1899)", 22700605,Pitangus sulphuratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pitangus,sulphuratus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22701795,Myrmoderus ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoderus,ruficauda,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)",

Myrmoderus ruficauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Myrmeciza ruficauda.

 

22701859,Pithys castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Pithys,castaneus,,,,,"Berlioz, 1938", 22703527,Scytalopus speluncae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,speluncae,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1835)", 22703605,Menura novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MENURIDAE,Menura,novaehollandiae,,,,,"Latham, 1801", 22704256,Vosea whitemanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Vosea,whitemanensis,,,,,"(Gilliard, 1960)",Vosea whitemanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Melidectes whitemanensis. 22704264,Melionyx princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melionyx,princeps,,,,,"(Mayr & Gilliard, 1951)","Previously placed in Melidectes, now separated with M. fuscus and M. nouhuysi in Melionyx, following Andersen et al. (2019) who confirmed a paraphyletic circumstance in Melidectes reported in an earlier study in which the three species above occupy a separate clade; they are also vocally and morphologically distinct, with sooty plumage lacking green wings and tail. The authors propose reviving the genus Melionyx (mentioned in the Checklist genus account for Melidectes) for these three species, and this is accepted here. The three comprise a group of medium-sized species that differ from other current congeners in size, morphology, plumage and voice. Monotypic." 22704433,Manorina melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Manorina,melanocephala,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22707172,Pomarea dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,dimidiata,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871)", 22708188,Neocossyphus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Neocossyphus,rufus,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)", 22708195,Neocossyphus poensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Neocossyphus,poensis,,,,,"(Strickland, 1844)", 22708481,Zoothera andromedae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,andromedae,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 22708608,Myadestes unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,unicolor,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22708676,Turdus flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,flavipes,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22708684,Turdus leucops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,leucops,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1877)", 22708753,Turdus hortulorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,hortulorum,,,,,"Sclater, 1863", 22708762,Turdus cardis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,cardis,,,,,"Temminck, 1831", 22708803,Turdus celaenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,celaenops,,,,,"Stejneger, 1887", 22708822,Turdus philomelos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,philomelos,,,,,"Brehm, 1831", 22708851,Turdus infuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,infuscatus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1844)", 22708869,Turdus reevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,reevei,,,,,"Lawrence, 1870", 22708888,Turdus leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,leucomelas,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22708894,Turdus plebejus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,plebejus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1861", 22708902,Turdus lawrencii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,lawrencii,,,,,"Coues, 1880", 22708919,Turdus nudigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,nudigenis,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1848", 22708925,Turdus maculirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,maculirostris,,,,,"Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1883", 22708961,Turdus rufitorques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,rufitorques,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1844", 22709031,Melaenornis semipartitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,semipartitus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1840)",

Melaenornis semipartitus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Empidornis semipartitus.

 

22709085,Melaenornis pammelaina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Melaenornis,pammelaina,,,,,"(Stanley, 1814)", 22709196,Muscicapa gambagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,gambagae,,,,,"(Alexander, 1901)", 22709200,Muscicapa griseisticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,griseisticta,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1861)", 22709211,Muscicapa randi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,randi,,,,,"Amadon & duPont, 1970", 22709239,Muscicapa aquatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,aquatica,,,,,"Heuglin, 1864", 22709261,Muscicapa epulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,epulata,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)", 22709266,Muscicapa sethsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,sethsmithi,,,,,"(van Someren, 1922)", 22709280,Muscicapa cassini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,cassini,,,,,"Heine, 1859", 22709637,Sheppardia cyornithopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,cyornithopsis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1901)", 22709858,Xenocopsychus ansorgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Xenocopsychus,ansorgei,,,,,"Hartert, 1907", 22709882,Tychaedon leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tychaedon,leucosticta,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1883)",

Tychaedon leucosticta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia leucosticta.

22709909,Tychaedon signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Tychaedon,signata,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)",

Tychaedon signata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Erythropygia signata.

22710023,Saxicoloides fulicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicoloides,fulicatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22710069,Phoenicurus moussieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,moussieri,,,,,"(Olphe-Galliard, 1852)", 22710114,Myiomela diana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myiomela,diana,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","

Myiomela diana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cinclidium following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22710259,Oenanthe leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,leucura,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22710299,Oenanthe moesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,moesta,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22710348,Oenanthe heuglinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,heuglinii,,,,,"(Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870)","

Oenanthe heuglinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as O. heuglini following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710367,Oenanthe familiaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,familiaris,,,,,"(Wilkes, 1817)","

Oenanthe familiaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710376,Oenanthe fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,fusca,,,,,"(Blyth, 1851)","

Oenanthe fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710380,Oenanthe dubia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,dubia,,,,,"(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)","

Oenanthe dubia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cercomela following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710394,Myrmecocichla tholloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myrmecocichla,tholloni,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1886)", 22710400,Myrmecocichla aethiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myrmecocichla,aethiops,,,,,"Cabanis, 1850", 22710432,Myrmecocichla arnotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Myrmecocichla,arnotti,,,,,"(Tristram, 1869)","

Myrmecocichla arnotti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as M. arnoti following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22710441,Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Thamnolaea,cinnamomeiventris,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1836)", 22710587,Poeoptera lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Poeoptera,lugubris,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1854", 22710604,Onychognathus tristramii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Onychognathus,tristramii,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22710668,Lamprotornis purpureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,purpureus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22710675,Lamprotornis nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,nitens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22710716,Lamprotornis splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,splendidus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1822)", 22710731,Lamprotornis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,australis,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22710771,Lamprotornis pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Lamprotornis,pulcher,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22710861,Sturnia erythropygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sturnia,erythropygia,,,,,"Blyth, 1846",

Sturnia erythropygia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus erythrogygius.

22710864,Sturnia pagodarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sturnia,pagodarum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",

Sturnia pagodarum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus pagodarum.

22710867,Spodiopsar sericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Spodiopsar,sericeus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",

Spodiopsar sericeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sturnus sericeus.

22710952,Mino anais,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Mino,anais,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22710981,Streptocitta albertinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Streptocitta,albertinae,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)", 22711035,Mimus saturninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,saturninus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22711041,Mimus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,dorsalis,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22711050,Mimus thenca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,thenca,,,,,"(Moilna, 1782)", 22711053,Mimus parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,parvulus,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22711063,Mimus trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,trifasciatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22711115,Toxostoma curvirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,curvirostre,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22711147,Margarops fuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Margarops,fuscatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1808)", 22711176,Sitta whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,whiteheadi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1884", 22711196,Sitta canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,canadensis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22711205,Sitta neumayer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,neumayer,,,,,"Michahelles, 1830", 22711219,Sitta solangiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,solangiae,,,,,"(Delacour & Jabouille, 1930)", 22711222,Sitta oenochlamys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,oenochlamys,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1877)", 22711325,Odontorchilus branickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Odontorchilus,branickii,,,,,"(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)", 22711395,Pheugopedius atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,atrogularis,,,,,"(Salvin, 1865)",

Pheugopedius atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus atrogularis.

22711398,Pheugopedius spadix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,spadix,,,,,"Bangs, 1910",

Pheugopedius spadix (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus spadix.

22711410,Pheugopedius mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,mystacalis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)",

Pheugopedius mystacalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus mystacalis.

22711413,Pheugopedius genibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,genibarbis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)",

Pheugopedius genibarbis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus genibarbis.

22711416,Pheugopedius coraya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,coraya,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",

Pheugopedius coraya (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus coraya.

22711497,Troglodytes rufociliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,rufociliatus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1881", 22711509,Troglodytes rufulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,rufulus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1849", 22711551,Microcerculus bambla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Microcerculus,bambla,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22711588,Polioptila melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,melanura,,,,,"Lawrence, 1857", 22711611,Polioptila schistaceigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,schistaceigula,,,,,"Hartert, 1898", 22711614,Polioptila dumicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,dumicola,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22712643,Pycnonotus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,sinensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22712650,Pycnonotus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,barbatus,,,,,"(Desfontaine, 1789)", 22712671,Pycnonotus nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,nigricans,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22712687,Pycnonotus leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,leucotis,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)", 22712695,Pycnonotus cafer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,cafer,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22712847,Ixonotus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Ixonotus,guttatus,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851", 22712877,Thescelocichla leucopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Thescelocichla,leucopleura,,,,,"(Cassin, 1856)", 22712882,Pyrrhurus scandens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pyrrhurus,scandens,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22712890,Phyllastrephus cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,cabanisi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1881)", 22713256,Neolestes torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Neolestes,torquatus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1875", 22713547,Scotocerca inquieta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Scotocerca,inquieta,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1827)", 22713934,Zosterops senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,senegalensis,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22714056,Zosterops semperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,semperi,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1868", 22714071,Zosterops nigrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,nigrorum,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1878", 22714085,Zosterops chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,chloris,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22714285,Tephrozosterops stalkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Tephrozosterops,stalkeri,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1910)", 22714356,Tesia superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Tesia,superciliaris,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22714362,Urosphena subulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Urosphena,subulata,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1884)", 22714365,Urosphena whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Urosphena,whiteheadi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)", 22714979,Phyllergates heterolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Phyllergates,heterolaemus,,,,,"Mearns, 1905",

Phyllergates heterolaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Orthotomus heterolaemus.

 

22715190,Leptopoecile elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Leptopoecile,elegans,,,,,"Przewalski, 1887", 22715334,Phylloscopus magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,magnirostris,,,,,"Blyth, 1843", 22715439,Phylloscopus montis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,montis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1887)",

Phylloscopus montis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus montis.

 

22715445,Tickellia hodgsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Tickellia,hodgsoni,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)", 22715549,Megalurulus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurulus,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1881)", 22715726,Trochalopteron virgatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,virgatum,,,,,"Godwin-Austen, 1874",

Trochalopteron virgatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax virgatus.

22715732,Trochalopteron squamatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,squamatum,,,,,"(Gould, 1835)",

Trochalopteron squamatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax squamatus.

22715747,Trochalopteron affine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,affine,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)",

Trochalopteron affine (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax affinis.

22715761,Trochalopteron formosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,formosum,,,,,"Verreaux, 1869",

Trochalopteron formosum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax formosus.

22715845,Pellorneum pyrrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,pyrrogenys,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)","Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). Was formerly placed in Pellorneum (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993).
Proposed subspecies besuki (from E Java) considered inseparable from nominate. Birds observed in N & S Borneo (E Sabah and S Kalimantan) apparently not assigned to subspecies. Four subspecies recognized." 22715891,Illadopsis cleaveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,cleaveri,,,,,"(Shelley, 1874)", 22715899,Illadopsis rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,rufescens,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1878)", 22715906,Illadopsis puveli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,puveli,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1901)", 22715914,Illadopsis fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,fulvescens,,,,,"(Cassin, 1859)", 22715938,Illadopsis turdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Illadopsis,turdina,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1883)",

Illadopsis turdina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as .

22716014,Ptilocichla mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Ptilocichla,mindanensis,,,,,"(Blasius, 1890)", 22716048,Turdinus atrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Turdinus,atrigularis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22716123,Spelaeornis troglodytoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,troglodytoides,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1870)", 22716201,Sterrhoptilus dennistouni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Sterrhoptilus,dennistouni,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)",

Sterrhoptilus dennistouni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris dennistouni.

22716207,Sterrhoptilus capitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Sterrhoptilus,capitalis,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1877)",

Sterrhoptilus capitalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris capitalis.

22716252,Stachyris herberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,herberti,,,,,"(Baker, 1920)", 22716302,Mixornis kelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Mixornis,kelleyi,,,,,"Delacour, 1932",

Mixornis kelleyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Macronous kelleyi.

22716419,Turdoides tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1883)", 22716487,Turdoides plebejus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,plebejus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1828)", 22716501,Turdoides jardineii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Turdoides,jardineii,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)", 22716566,Sibia waldeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Sibia,waldeni,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen, 1874)",

Sibia waldeni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Actinodura waldeni.

22716593,Schoeniparus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Schoeniparus,cinereus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)",

Schoeniparus cinereus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Alcippe cinerea.

22716725,Staphida everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Staphida,everetti,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1887)","Previously placed in Yuhina, but moved to Staphida following Cai et al. (2019). Elsewhere has been treated as conspecific with S. castaniceps and S. torqueola. Monotypic." 22716728,Yuhina bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Yuhina,bakeri,,,,,"Rothschild, 1926", 22716760,Myzornis pyrrhoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Myzornis,pyrrhoura,,,,,"Blyth, 1843",Moved from Sylviidae to the family Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Monotypic. 22716804,Suthora webbiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,webbiana,,,,,"Gould, 1852","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Sinosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly listed as Paradoxornis webbianus.
Elsewhere considered conspecific with S. brunnea and, especially, S. alphonsiana by some authors. Where range overlaps with that of latter, the two species are sometimes found in mixed flocks in which occasional hybrids reported; see details under S. alphonsiana. Subspecies suffusa poorly marked, perhaps better united with nominate; elisabethae doubtfully distinct from suffusa (exact SW geographical limits of which unclear), and the single type was a specimen in full moult (colour, which varies considerably with wear, an unsatisfactory character for racial diagnosis). Entire Korean population included in subspecies fulvicauda, but those in extreme N possibly belong with mantschurica. Six subspecies currently recognized.

" 22716810,Suthora alphonsiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,alphonsiana,,,,,"Verreaux, 1870","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Sinosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly listed as Paradoxornis alphonsianus.

Elsewhere, considered conspecific with S. webbiana and S. brunnea by some authors. Where range overlaps with that of former, the two sometimes form mixed flocks in which occasional hybrids reported, e.g. in Viet Nam (near Sa Pa, in W Tonkin), and hybrids seen also in NW Italy (where both species introduced); in China, interbreeding reported in 1938 in C Sichuan, and a number of earlier specimens from that region were considered to exhibit a range of features intermediate between the two species, but insufficient details available; has been suggested that subspecies ganluoensis is one such intermediate form, but this highly unlikely, as its range is not in overlap zone but closer to that of S. brunnea. Subspecies stresemanni sometimes merged with nominate, but much closer to, and possibly synonymous with, yunnanensis. Introduced birds of present species in Europe may represent an undescribed subspecies; further study required. Four subspecies ­recognized.

" 22716829,Suthora verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,verreauxi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1883","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Suthora verreauxi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Paradoxornis verreauxi.
Has elsewhere been treated as conspecific with S. nipalensis (see related note/s). In China, birds from Ailao Shan (C Yunnan) of uncertain racial identity, currently included in craddocki; specimens from Guizhou sometimes assigned to subspecies pallida, but this seems unlikely from geographical point of view. Initially described as Suthora gularis, but that name preoccupied. Four subspecies recognized.

" 22716959,Curruca melanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,melanocephala,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Geographical variation within each subspecies largely clinal, becoming more complex in insular areas (especially Canary Is); subspecies leucogastra sometimes synonymized with nominate, but detailed study (Cabot & Urdiales 2005) suggests its revalidation, although this rejected by others (Dickinson & Christidis 2014, Dietzen et al. 2008); variation (in colour and size) within islands, however, noticeable and demands further work. Recently described subspecies valverdei (Cabot & Urdiales 2005) represents a new stage in variability of the species, probably related to particular ecological conditions in Sahara Desert. Proposed subspecies pasiphae (described from Crete) and carmichaellowi (SE Italy) considered to fall within range of variation of nominate, and included within it. Subspecies norrisae extinct. Four extant subspecies recognized." 22716980,Curruca deserticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,deserticola,,,,,"(Tristram, 1859)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Form named as ticehursti, described on basis of single specimen from S Morocco (near Ouarzazate), and traditionally treated either as separate species or as subspecies of present species, is probably an aberrant individual of subspecies maroccana (which it resembles in general structure and in tail and tertial patterns), or a hybrid between it and C. deserti (which it resembles in having pale sandy-brown upperparts). Two subspecies recognized." 22717463,Prionochilus xanthopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Prionochilus,xanthopygius,,,,,"Salvadori, 1868", 22717791,Leptocoma aspasia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Leptocoma,aspasia,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)","

Leptocoma aspasia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717979,Nectarinia famosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Nectarinia,famosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22717984,Nectarinia johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Nectarinia,johnstoni,,,,,"Shelley, 1885", 22718230,Passer griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,griseus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22718276,Passer luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,luteus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22718286,Passer eminibey,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,eminibey,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1880)", 22718326,Montifringilla adamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Montifringilla,adamsi,,,,,"Adams, 1858", 22718330,Onychostruthus taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Onychostruthus,taczanowskii,,,,,"(Przewalski, 1876)","

Onychostruthus taczanowskii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Montifringilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718336,Pyrgilauda ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Pyrgilauda,ruficollis,,,,,"(Blanford, 1871)","

Pyrgilauda ruficollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Montifringilla following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718360,Motacilla grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,grandis,,,,,"Sharpe, 1885", 22718366,Motacilla aguimp,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,aguimp,,,,,"Dumont, 1821", 22718397,Motacilla clara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,clara,,,,,"Sharpe, 1908", 22718620,Prunella himalayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,himalayana,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22718641,Prunella fulvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,fulvescens,,,,,"(Severtsov, 1873)", 22718651,Prunella modularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,modularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22718700,Plocepasser rufoscapulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Plocepasser,rufoscapulatus,,,,,"Büttikofer, 1888", 22718725,Pseudonigrita cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Pseudonigrita,cabanisi,,,,,"(Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)", 22718743,Ploceus nigrimentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,nigrimentus,,,,,"Reichenow, 1904", 22718770,Ploceus pelzelni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,pelzelni,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1887)", 22718779,Ploceus luteolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,luteolus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22718795,Ploceus melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,melanogaster,,,,,"Shelley, 1887", 22718818,Ploceus xanthops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,xanthops,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1862)", 22718833,Ploceus aurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,aurantius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1805)", 22718837,Ploceus bojeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,bojeri,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1869)", 22718860,Ploceus galbula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,galbula,,,,,"Rüppell, 1840", 22718882,Ploceus vitellinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,vitellinus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22718890,Ploceus velatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,velatus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22718921,Ploceus cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,cucullatus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22718966,Ploceus jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,jacksoni,,,,,"Shelley, 1888", 22718983,Ploceus tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,tricolor,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1854)", 22718991,Ploceus nelicourvi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,nelicourvi,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22718999,Ploceus benghalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,benghalensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719017,Ploceus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,bicolor,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22719022,Ploceus preussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,preussi,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)", 22719069,Malimbus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,coronatus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1906", 22719073,Malimbus cassini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,cassini,,,,,"(Elliot, 1859)", 22719099,Malimbus nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,nitens,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 22719108,Malimbus rubricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,rubricollis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22719120,Quelea cardinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Quelea,cardinalis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1880)", 22719128,Quelea quelea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Quelea,quelea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22719273,Parmoptila woodhousei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Parmoptila,woodhousei,,,,,"Cassin, 1859", 22719278,Nigrita fusconotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Nigrita,fusconotus,,,,,"Fraser, 1843", 22719288,Nigrita bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Nigrita,bicolor,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)", 22719293,Nigrita luteifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Nigrita,luteifrons,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851", 22719298,Nigrita canicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Nigrita,canicapillus,,,,,"(Strickland, 1841)", 22719340,Pytilia afra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pytilia,afra,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22719354,Mandingoa nitidula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Mandingoa,nitidula,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1865)", 22719379,Pyrenestes sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pyrenestes,sanguineus,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22719384,Pyrenestes ostrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pyrenestes,ostrinus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1805)", 22719394,Spermophaga poliogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Spermophaga,poliogenys,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1906", 22719398,Spermophaga haematina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Spermophaga,haematina,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1805)", 22719440,Lagonosticta senegala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,senegala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22719461,Lagonosticta virata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lagonosticta,virata,,,,,"Bates, 1932", 22719493,Uraeginthus bengalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Uraeginthus,bengalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22719499,Uraeginthus cyanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Uraeginthus,cyanocephalus,,,,,"(Richmond, 1897)", 22719645,Paludipasser locustella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Paludipasser,locustella,,,,,"Neave, 1909","

Paludipasser locustella (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ortygospiza following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22719666,Neochmia temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Neochmia,temporalis,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22719673,Neochmia ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Neochmia,ruficauda,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22719801,Spermestes fringilloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Spermestes,fringilloides,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1835)","

Spermestes fringilloides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Lonchura following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22719815,Lonchura molucca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,molucca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22719818,Lonchura kelaarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,kelaarti,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1863)", 22719831,Lonchura tristissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,tristissima,,,,,"(Wallace, 1865)", 22719834,Lonchura leucosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,leucosticta,,,,,"(D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)", 22719844,Lonchura ferruginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,ferruginosa,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1789)", 22719854,Lonchura pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,pallida,,,,,"(Wallace, 1863)", 22719864,Lonchura caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,caniceps,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1876)", 22719886,Lonchura castaneothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,castaneothorax,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22719904,Lonchura melaena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,melaena,,,,,"(Sclater, 1880)", 22719936,Vidua chalybeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,chalybeata,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22719940,Vidua raricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,raricola,,,,,"Payne, 1982", 22719944,Vidua larvaticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,larvaticola,,,,,"Payne, 1982", 22719956,Vidua codringtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,codringtoni,,,,,"(Neave, 1907)", 22719967,Vidua wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,wilsoni,,,,,"(Hartert, 1901)", 22719988,Vidua macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,macroura,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22719998,Vidua togoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,togoensis,,,,,"(Grote, 1923)", 22720012,Vidua paradisaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,paradisaea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720020,Vidua obtusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,obtusa,,,,,"(Chapin, 1922)", 22720049,Serinus serinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,serinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22720056,Serinus canaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,canaria,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720319,Linurgus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Linurgus,olivaceus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1842)", 22720365,Spinus spinescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,spinescens,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)","

Spinus spinescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720368,Spinus yarrellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,yarrellii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1839)","

Spinus yarrellii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720374,Spinus cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,cucullatus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1820)","

Spinus cucullatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis and listed as C. cucullata following AOU (1998 and supplements); SACC (2005 and updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720380,Spinus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,crassirostris,,,,,"(Landbeck, 1877)","

Spinus crassirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720395,Spinus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,barbatus,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","

Spinus barbatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis and listed as C. barbata following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720404,Spinus uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,uropygialis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1862)","

Spinus uropygialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720410,Spinus psaltria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,psaltria,,,,,"(Say, 1823)","

Spinus psaltria (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22720441,Linaria cannabina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Linaria,cannabina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Linaria cannabina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720472,Leucosticte brandti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Leucosticte,brandti,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 22720477,Leucosticte arctoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Leucosticte,arctoa,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22720482,Leucosticte tephrocotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Leucosticte,tephrocotis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1832)", 22720625,Pinicola enucleator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pinicola,enucleator,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720662,Pyrrhula aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,aurantiaca,,,,,"Gould, 1858", 22720668,Pyrrhula erythaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,erythaca,,,,,"Blyth, 1862", 22720671,Pyrrhula pyrrhula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,pyrrhula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22721582,Paroaria coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Paroaria,coronata,,,,,"(Miller, 1776)", 22721602,Paroaria capitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Paroaria,capitata,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22721618,Vermivora chrysoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Vermivora,chrysoptera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22721776,Limnothlypis swainsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Limnothlypis,swainsonii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1834)", 22721864,Microligea palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHAENICOPHILIDAE,Microligea,palustris,,,,,"(Cory, 1884)", 22721969,Myiothlypis signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,signata,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906","

Myiothlypis signata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and listed as B. signatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722031,Myiothlypis leucoblephara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,leucoblephara,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Myiothlypis leucoblephara (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and listed as B. leucoblepharus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722038,Myiothlypis flaveola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,flaveola,,,,,"(Baird, 1865)","

Myiothlypis flaveola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and listed as B. flaveolus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22722117,Orchesticus abeillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Orchesticus,abeillei,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22722120,Schistochlamys ruficapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Schistochlamys,ruficapillus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22722126,Neothraupis fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Neothraupis,fasciata,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22722156,Sericossypha albocristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sericossypha,albocristata,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)", 22722242,Pseudospingus verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pseudospingus,verticalis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)","

Pseudospingus verticalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722290,Nemosia pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Nemosia,pileata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22722296,Phaenicophilus palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHAENICOPHILIDAE,Phaenicophilus,palmarum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722340,Orthogonys chloricterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MITROSPINGIDAE,Orthogonys,chloricterus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22722380,Islerothraupis cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Islerothraupis,cristata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Islerothraupis cristata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tachyphonus and listed as T. cristatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722397,Tachyphonus coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tachyphonus,coronatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1822)", 22722403,Tachyphonus phoenicius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tachyphonus,phoenicius,,,,,"Swainson, 1838", 22722497,Ramphocelus nigrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,nigrogularis,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22722546,Tangara palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,palmarum,,,,,"(Wied, 1821)","

Tangara palmarum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Thraupis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722549,Sporathraupis cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporathraupis,cyanocephala,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Sporathraupis cyanocephala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Thraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722616,Tephrophilus wetmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tephrophilus,wetmorei,,,,,"Moore, 1934","

Tephrophilus wetmorei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Buthraupis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722659,Iridosornis porphyrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Iridosornis,porphyrocephalus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)", 22722675,Iridosornis rufivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Iridosornis,rufivertex,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1842)", 22722816,Tangara palmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,palmeri,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1909)", 22722833,Tangara desmaresti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,desmaresti,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22722863,Tangara xanthogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,xanthogastra,,,,,"(Sclater, 1851)", 22722866,Tangara punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,punctata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722872,Tangara varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,varia,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22722875,Tangara rufigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,rufigula,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22722890,Tangara peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,peruviana,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1806)", 22722900,Tangara meyerdeschauenseei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,meyerdeschauenseei,,,,,"Schulenberg & Binford, 1985", 22722903,Tangara rufigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,rufigenis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22722909,Tangara labradorides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,labradorides,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22722915,Tangara cyanicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cyanicollis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22722936,Tangara heinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,heinei,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)", 22722946,Tangara argyrofenges,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,argyrofenges,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)", 22723080,Rhopospina fruticeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Rhopospina,fruticeti,,,,,"(Kittlitz, 1833)","

Rhopospina fruticeti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phrygilus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723115,Melanodera melanodera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Melanodera,melanodera,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 22723179,Idiopsar brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Idiopsar,brachyurus,,,,,"Cassin, 1866", 22723182,Piezorina cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Piezorina,cinerea,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1843)","

The genus of Piezorina cinerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Piezorhina following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723188,Incaspiza pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Incaspiza,pulchra,,,,,"(Sclater, 1886)", 22723229,Poospizopsis hypocondria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospizopsis,hypocondria,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Poospizopsis hypocondria (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza and listed as P. hypochondria following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723306,Sicalis citrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,citrina,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1870", 22723341,Sicalis columbiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,columbiana,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851", 22723346,Sicalis flaveola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,flaveola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22723399,Sporophila frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,frontalis,,,,,"(Verreaux, 1869)", 22723403,Sporophila falcirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,falcirostris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22723406,Sporophila schistacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,schistacea,,,,,"Lawrence, 1862", 22723414,Sporophila plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,plumbea,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22723431,Sporophila bouvronides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,bouvronides,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22723434,Sporophila lineola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,lineola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22723443,Sporophila ardesiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,ardesiaca,,,,,"(Dubois, 1894)", 22723451,Sporophila caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,caerulescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1823)", 22723457,Sporophila leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,leucoptera,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22723481,Sporophila hypoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,hypoxantha,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851", 22723484,Sporophila ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,ruficollis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851", 22723495,Sporophila hypochroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,hypochroma,,,,,"Todd, 1915", 22723532,Sporophila atrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,atrirostris,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1878","

Sporophila atrirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723542,Sporophila angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,angolensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",

Sporophila angolensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus following SACC (2005 & updates); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

22723567,Sporophila fringilloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,fringilloides,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1870)","

Sporophila fringilloides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dolospingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723611,Melanospiza bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Melanospiza,bicolor,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Melanospiza bicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tiaris following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723803,Pheucticus chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Pheucticus,chrysogaster,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22723810,Pheucticus aureoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Pheucticus,aureoventris,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22723813,Pheucticus ludovicianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Pheucticus,ludovicianus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22723834,Parkerthraustes humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Parkerthraustes,humeralis,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)", 22723858,Saltator fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22723875,Saltator atripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,atripennis,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22723882,Saltator similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,similis,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22723885,Saltator orenocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,orenocensis,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1846", 22723889,Saltator nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,nigriceps,,,,,"(Chapman, 1914)", 22723901,Saltator atricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,atricollis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 22723939,Passerina caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Passerina,caerulea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22723951,Passerina cyanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Passerina,cyanea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22723954,Passerina versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Passerina,versicolor,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)", 22723966,Porphyrospiza caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Porphyrospiza,caerulescens,,,,,"(Wied, 1830)", 22723985,Psarocolius viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,viridis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22724218,Leistes superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Leistes,superciliaris,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)","

Leistes superciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Sturnella following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724226,Leistes bellicosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Leistes,bellicosus,,,,,"(de Filippi, 1847)","

Leistes bellicosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Sturnella and listed as S. bellicosa following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724243,Leistes loyca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Leistes,loyca,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","

Leistes loyca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Sturnella following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724256,Sturnella neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Sturnella,neglecta,,,,,"Audubon, 1844", 22724259,Pseudoleistes guirahuro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Pseudoleistes,guirahuro,,,,,"(Vieilot, 1819)", 22724262,Pseudoleistes virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Pseudoleistes,virescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22724283,Lampropsar tanagrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Lampropsar,tanagrinus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22724308,Quiscalus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Quiscalus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22724323,Quiscalus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Quiscalus,niger,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22724326,Quiscalus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Quiscalus,lugubris,,,,,"Swainson, 1838", 22724342,Molothrus rufoaxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Molothrus,rufoaxillaris,,,,,"Cassin, 1866", 22724354,Molothrus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Molothrus,ater,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22724659,Leptodon forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Leptodon,forbesi,,,,,"(Swann, 1922)", 22725310,Trichoglossus haematodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,haematodus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)","

Trichoglossus haematodus, T. forsteni, T. capistratus, T. weberi, T. rubritorquis, T. moluccanus and T. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. haematodus following Christidis and Boles (1994), and before then were split as T. haematodus and T. rubritorquis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727533,Streptopelia dusumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,dusumieri,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)","

Streptopelia bitorquata and S. dusumieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. bitorquata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727750,Oxyura jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Oxyura,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Oxyura jamaicensis and O. ferruginea (incorporating andina) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. jamaicensis following SACC (2005), and before then were split as O. jamaicensis (incorporating andina) and O. ferruginea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728199,Rhea pennata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,RHEIDAE,Rhea,pennata,,,,,"d'Orbigny, 1834","

Rhea pennata and R. tarapacensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. pennata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22729270,Scytalopus spillmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,spillmanni,,,,,"Stresemann, 1937", 22732834,Vidua camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,camerunensis,,,,,"(Grote, 1922)", 22732839,Vidua nigeriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIDUIDAE,Vidua,nigeriae,,,,,"(Alexander, 1908)", 22733324,Thamnophilus divisorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,divisorius,,,,,"Whitney, Oren & Brumfield, 2004", 22733483,Platycercus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Platycercus,elegans,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22733599,Sporophila telasco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,telasco,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)", 22733968,Pyrrhura griseipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,griseipectus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1900", 22734257,Phylloscopus ogilviegranti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,ogilviegranti,,,,,"(La Touche, 1922)", 22734370,Phylloscopus chloronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,chloronotus,,,,,"(Gray & Gray, 1846)", 22734478,Trochalopteron imbricatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,imbricatum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)",

Trochalopteron imbricatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax imbricatus.

22734523,Napothera albostriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Napothera,albostriata,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1879)","Previously placed in genus Rimator (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly treated as conspecific with N. pasquieri and N. malacoptila following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Monotypic." 22734558,Stachyris roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,roberti,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875)",

Stachyris roberti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sphenocichla roberti.

22734568,Mixornis bornensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Mixornis,bornensis,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850",

Mixornis bornensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Macronous bornensis.

22734677,Loxigilla noctis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Loxigilla,noctis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22734997,Regulus regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REGULIDAE,Regulus,regulus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22735082,Trochalopteron lineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Trochalopteron,lineatum,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",

Trochalopteron lineatum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Garrulax lineatus.

22735087,Stachyris humei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,humei,,,,,"(Mandelli, 1873)",

Stachyris humei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Sphenocichla humei.

22735139,Napothera malacoptila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Napothera,malacoptila,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)","Previously placed in genus Rimator (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly treated as conspecific with N. pasquieri and N. albostriata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Monotypic." 22735256,Parmoptila rubrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Parmoptila,rubrifrons,,,,,"(Sharpe & Ussher, 1872)", 22735428,Sicalis luteola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sicalis,luteola,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1789)", 22735503,Pomatorhinus horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Pomatorhinus,horsfieldii,,,,,"Sykes, 1832", 22735955,Ortygospiza atricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Ortygospiza,atricollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22736000,Passer insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,insularis,,,,,"Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881", 22736010,Passer shelleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,shelleyi,,,,,"Sharpe, 1891", 22736015,Passer cordofanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,cordofanicus,,,,,"Heuglin, 1871", 22736278,Microspingus cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Microspingus,cabanisi,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)",

Microspingus cabanisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Poospiza following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

22736315,Serinus canicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,canicollis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22736357,Paroaria nigrogenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Paroaria,nigrogenis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1846)", 45020636,Struthio camelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,STRUTHIONIDAE,Struthio,camelus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Struthio camelus and S. molybdophanes (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. camelus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45427277,Myiopsitta monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Myiopsitta,monachus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Myiopsitta monachus and M. luchsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. monachus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62172196,Tyto novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,novaehollandiae,,,,,"(Stephens, 1826)","Tyto novaehollandiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into T. novaehollandiae, T. manusi and T. sororcula following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Christidis and Boles (1994), before which T. castanops was also split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62296899,Psittacara holochlorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,holochlorus,,,,,"(P. L. Sclater, 1859)","Psittacara holochlorus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was formerly placed in the genus Aratinga and previously split into A. holochlora and A. brevipes, following Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680766,Zimmerius chicomendesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,chicomendesi,,,,,"Whitney, Schunck, Rêgo & Silveira, 2013",Zimmerius chicomendesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Whitney et al. (2013). 103686603,Myzomela simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,simplex,,,,,"Gray, 1861","Myzomela obscura, M. simplex, M. rubrotincta and M. rubrobrunnea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. obscura following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103686620,Myzomela rubrotincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,rubrotincta,,,,,"Salvadori, 1878","

Myzomela obscura, M. simplex, M. rubrotincta and M. rubrobrunnea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. obscura following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103714482,Symposiachrus verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,verticalis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1877)","

Symposiachrus verticalis and S. ateralbus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Monarcha verticalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103730503,Philesturnus rufusater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALLAEIDAE,Philesturnus,rufusater,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)","

Philesturnus carunculatus and P. rufusater (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. carunculatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

 

" 103762997,Stiphrornis xanthogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Stiphrornis,xanthogaster,,,,,Sharpe 1903,"

Stiphrornis erythrothorax, S. xanthogaster and S. pyrrholaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. erythrothorax following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103763077,Stiphrornis erythrothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Stiphrornis,erythrothorax,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1855","

Stiphrornis erythrothorax, S. xanthogaster and S. pyrrholaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. erythrothorax following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103773898,Oenanthe oenanthe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,oenanthe,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Oenanthe oenanthe and O. seebohmi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. oenanthe following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 and supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103775167,Irena tweeddalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,IRENIDAE,Irena,tweeddalii,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877","

Irena puella and I. tweeddalii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. puella following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103779230,Passerella unalaschcensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerella,unalaschcensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Passerella iliaca, P. unalaschcensis, P. schistacea and P. megarhyncha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. iliaca following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103779283,Passerella schistacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerella,schistacea,,,,,"Baird, 1858","

Passerella iliaca, P. unalaschcensis, P. schistacea and P. megarhyncha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. iliaca following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103779317,Passerella megarhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerella,megarhyncha,,,,,"Baird, 1858","

Passerella iliaca, P. unalaschcensis, P. schistacea and P. megarhyncha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. iliaca following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103780770,Psarocolius angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,angustifrons,,,,,"(von Spix, 1824)","

Psarocolius angustifrons and P. oleagineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. angustifrons following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103795170,Leptocoma sperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Leptocoma,sperata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Leptocoma sperata, L. brasiliana and L. juliae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and lumped as N. sperata following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103813138,Pytilia lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Pytilia,lineata,,,,,"Heuglin, 1863",

Pytilia phoenicoptera and P. lineata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. phoenicoptera following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

103817982,Taeniopygia guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Taeniopygia,guttata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Taeniopygia guttata and T. castanotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. guttata following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103819014,Passer italiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,italiae,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Passer domesticus and P. italiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. domesticus following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Christidis and Boles (2008); Cramp et al. (1977–1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996); Turbott (1990).

" 103819211,Phyllastrephus debilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,debilis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1899)","

Phyllastrephus debilis and P. albigula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. debilis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103848213,Tangara whitelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,whitelyi,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1884","

Tangara argentea and T. whiteleyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and listed as T. cyanoptera following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103848314,Tangara cayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cayana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Tangara cayana and T. flava (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. cayana following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103879287,Zoothera salimalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,salimalii,,,,,"Alström et al., 2016",

Zoothera salimali (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognised as a species following the work of Alström et al. (2016).

103879804,Sitta europaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,europaea,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Sitta europaea and S. arctica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. europaea following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103880076,Sitta castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,castanea,,,,,"Lesson, 1830","

Sitta castanea, S. cinnamoventris and S. neglecta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. castanea following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103882123,Salpornis salvadori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Salpornis,salvadori,,,,,"(Bocage, 1878)","

Salpornis spilonota and S. salvadori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. spilonotus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103883277,Troglodytes troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,troglodytes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Troglodytes troglodytes, T. pacificus and T. hiemalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. troglodytes following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103887224,Thryothorus albinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryothorus,albinucha,,,,,"(Cabot, 1847)","

Thryothorus ludovicianus and T. albinucha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ludovicianus (see AOU [1998 & supplements]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]).

 

" 103888237,Turdus mandarinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,mandarinus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Turdus merula, T. simillimus, T. maximus and T. mandarinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. merula following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Christidis & Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

" 103888313,Turdus hauxwelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,hauxwelli,,,,,"Lawrence, 1869","

Turdus hauxwelli and T. sanchezorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. hauxwelli following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103889860,Zosterops maderaspatanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,maderaspatanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Zosterops maderaspatanus , Z. kirki and Z. semiflavus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. maderaspatanus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103892028,Turdus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,maximus,,,,,"(Seebohm, 1881)","

Turdus merula, T. simillimus, T. maximus and T. mandarinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. merula following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Christidis & Boles (2008), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

 

" 103892167,Turdus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,ruficollis,,,,,"Pallas, 1776","

Turdus ruficollis and T. atrogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ruficollis following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 105986083,Prunella ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PRUNELLIDAE,Prunella,ocularis,,,,,"(Radde, 1884)","

Prunella ocularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split as P. ocularis and P. fagani following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977–1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 106020330,Polioptila guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,guianensis,,,,,"Todd, 1920","

Polioptila guianensis (SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]) and P. clementsi (SACC [2005 & updates]) have been lumped together into P. guianensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 22682632,Bucorvus abyssinicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bucorvus,abyssinicus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22725962,Bycanistes fistulator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Bycanistes,fistulator,,,,,"(Cassin, 1852)","

Bycanistes fistulator and B. sharpii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. fistulator following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993), and before then were present in the genus Ceratogymna as C. fistulator following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22717719,Dreptes thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Dreptes,thomensis,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1889)","

Dreptes thomensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22736406,Turdus olivaceofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,olivaceofuscus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1852", 22682514,Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhabdotorrhinus,corrugatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1832)",Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 22689335,Athene blewitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Athene,blewitti,,,,,"Hume, 1873","

Korpade et al. (2018) produce strong molecular evidence that Heteroglaux is a synonym of Athene. This is accepted here, hence Forest Owlet becomes Athene blewitti (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020).

" 45354718,Puffinus bryani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,bryani,,,,,"Pyle, Welch & Fleischer, 2011",Puffinus bryani (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was first described by Pyle et al. (2011). 22685779,Cyanoliseus patagonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanoliseus,patagonus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 103730855,Rhamphocharis crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOCHARITIDAE,Rhamphocharis,crassirostris,,,,,"Salvadori, 1876","

Rhamphocharis crassirostris and R. piperata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. crassirostris following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22724879,Melanitta nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Melanitta,nigra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694601,Sterna dougallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,dougallii,,,,,"Montagu, 1813","The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group is aware that phylogenetic analyses have been published which have proposed generic rearrangements which may affect this species, but prefers to wait until work by other taxonomists reveals how these changes affect the entire groups involved." 22713618,Prinia fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,fluviatilis,,,,,"Chappuis, 1974", 22682507,Berenicornis comatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Berenicornis,comatus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)",Berenicornis comatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 22697664,Anastomus lamelligerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Anastomus,lamelligerus,,,,,"Temminck, 1823", 22693363,Calidris canutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,canutus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679886,Anser erythropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,erythropus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22679875,Anser fabalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,fabalis,,,,,"(Latham, 1787)", 22736042,Anas zonorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,zonorhyncha,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1866", 22729000,Brachyramphus perdix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Brachyramphus,perdix,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 62155296,Rallus crepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,crepitans,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","Rallus longirostris, R. crepitans and R. obsoletus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. longirostris following AOU (2000). Rallus elegans and R. tenuirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. elegans following AOU (2000). Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) included tenuirostris within R. longirostris." 22734070,Puffinus bailloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,bailloni,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1857)","Puffinus lherminieri (incorporating baroli), P. bannermani, P. persicus, P. subalaris and P. bailloni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. lherminieri and baroli was subsumed under P. assimilis, following Brooke (2004), before which P. bannermani and P. persicus where split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22678486,Mitu mitu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Mitu,mitu,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22694299,Larus leucophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,leucophthalmus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 22694324,Larus marinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,marinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 58683,Humerana oatesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Humerana,oatesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)", 22682441,Anthracoceros malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anthracoceros,malayanus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 22698017,Pterodroma sandwichensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,sandwichensis,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1884)", 22698310,Diomedea amsterdamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Diomedea,amsterdamensis,,,,,Roux et al. 1983, 22682528,Rhyticeros undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhyticeros,undulatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)",Rhyticeros undulatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 123321617,Hime surrubea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,AULOPIDAE,Hime,surrubea,,,,,"Gomon & Struthers, 2015",

This species was previously misidentified as Hime japonica (Gomon and Struthers 2015).

132341128,Hydrobates castro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,castro,,,,,"(Harcourt, 1851)","Hydrobates castro (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been split into H. castro and H. jabejabe (which see) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018). Previously, Oceanodroma castro (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was been split into O. castro and O. monteiroi following Bolton et al. (2008) and all Oceanodroma species were moved to Hydrobates (del Hoyo and Collar 2014)." 132434704,Hydrobates jabejabe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,jabejabe,,,,,"(Bocage, 1875)","Hydrobates castro (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been split into H. castro and H. jabejabe (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018). Wallace et al. (2017) provides molecular support for the acceptance of the population of Band-rumped Storm-petrel Hydrobates castro jabejabe on the Cape Verdes as a full species, as indicated by at least two previous studies (cited in del Hoyo and Collar [2014]: 372). A study by Bolton (2007) revealed that the Cape Verde birds differ rather strongly in voice:

'The hot-season Azores calls generally have a simple one- or two-syllable, rising breath note, stressed on the last syllable, that contrasts markedly with the more protracted, four-syllable (rarely five-syllable) breath note of the sympatric cool-season population, stressed on the penultimate syllable. Cape Verde Burrow Calls are typified by extremely infrequent interruptions of the purr phrase, which on occasion may continue for several minutes without a breath note.'

Examination of the sonagrams in Bolton (2007) strongly suggests that Tobias scores on vocal differences would be very high. This and the very consistent molecular evidence points to the recognition of the Cape Verde population as a full species. Bocage (1875) tentatively described the taxon jabe-jabe from Raso, Cape Verdes, on the basis of a single specimen which he distinguished from H. leucorhous (rather than from H. castro) by its stronger and glossier (vs grey-washed matt sooty) black head and back, lack of brown shafts in the white uppertail-coverts, less forked tail, slightly stronger bill, slightly shorter toes and legs. This is unhelpful in establishing whether there are any characters that distinguish jabejabe from castro, but photographs on the internet suggest it has a marginally wider white rump and more contrasting upperwing-coverts." 132438298,Hydrobates leucorhous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,leucorhous,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","Hydrobates leucorhous has been split into H. leucorhous, H. socorroensis and H. cheimomnestes (which see) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018), based on the proposal of Howell (2012)." 22684138,Carpococcyx renauldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Carpococcyx,renauldi,,,,,"Oustalet, 1896", 22717836,Cinnyris talatala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,talatala,,,,,"Smith, 1836","

Cinnyris talatala (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 132441735,Hydrobates cheimomnestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,cheimomnestes,,,,,"(Ainley, 1980)","Hydrobates leucorhous has been split into H. leucorhous, H. socorroensis and H. cheimomnestes (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018). The taxa can be separated only tentatively and on combinations of characters and items of evidence. Using such combinations, Howell (2012) treated both taxa as potentially separate species from Leach’s, using ‘[l.]’ in the scientific name, apparently to indicate the uncertainty involved in that decision. The accounts of the morphological differences between the taxa repeatedly refer to means and inclinations (‘typically’, ‘averages’, ‘generally’, ‘usually’, ‘relatively’, ‘often’, ‘tends to’). Clearly the fact that cheimomnestes breeds at different times of year from socorroensis (and therefore also has a different moult schedule) strongly suggests that two species are involved, but this in itself cannot be the single decisive factor. Moreover, Howell’s (2012) case for the split of socorroensis from leucorhous is hard to discern. In an online post Howell (2015) produced some photographs of cheimomnestes which he used to further his call to split the taxa, which he there described as ‘distinct’. Even so, this new evidence was not different evidence, and nothing was provided which increased the confidence with which the taxa can confidently be discriminated.

            In the case of Monteiro’s Storm-petrel H. monteiroi the evidence for separating it as a species included vocal playback experiments that showed a lack of response to calls of Band-rumped Storm-petrel H. castro (see Checklist 1: 372). This, combined with the difference in breeding schedule, has widely clinched approval for the split. It turns out that Ainley (1980) reported in considerable detail on the vocal differences of the two Guadalupe taxa from leucorhous and from each other, although he did not conduct playback experiments to test for responses and the differences of socorroensis and cheimomnestes are not so remarkable. Nevertheless, the differences he found, repeated in summary form in Howell (2012), represent moderately firm evidence to incline the decision on the taxonomic rank of these taxa in favour of species; and accordingly we accept these splits.

Further evidence is nonetheless highly desirable, and could reverse this conclusion, if a large sample of vocalisations were to demonstrate overlap or if birds in burrows were to react to playback. It is to be noted that the tree in Wallace et al. (2017) shows one specimen of socorroensis grouping with cheimomnestes, ‘possibly as a result of recent ancestry and incomplete lineage sorting’ (and NB: ‘these relationships are being investigated further with larger sample sizes (Taylor et al., unpubl.).’).

            The generic position of the Leach’s Storm-petrel complex varies among lists. Wallace et al. (2017), however, are aligned with the Checklist use of Hydrobates: ‘Our results…  agree with recent taxonomy changes (subsuming Oceanodroma into genus Hydrobates…)’." 132450926,Hydrobates socorroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,socorroensis,,,,,"(Townsend, 1890)","Hydrobates leucorhous (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been split into H. leucorhous, H. socorroensis and H. cheimomnestes (which see) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018), based on the proposal of Howell (2012)." 132468585,Puffinus myrtae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,myrtae,,,,,"(Bourne, 1959)","

Puffinus newelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been split into P. newelli and P. myrtae (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018). Martínez-Gómez et al. (2015) found that P. (n). myrtae, ‘Rapa Shearwater’, is genetically more distinct from newelli than newelli is from auricularis. On this basis they propose that myrtae be treated as a full species. Such an arrangement is supported by Shirihai et al. (2017), who noted:

'Rapa Shearwater is much smaller (in all biometric characters) than the other two taxa…, and is furthermore highly distinctive in having a unique combination of white undertail-coverts (vs. dark in both newelli and auricularis) and whitish inner webs to the remiges, as well as a white face.'

Following revised scoring of parsed characters for the differentiation of P. auricularis, P. newelli and P. myrtae, the latter emerges as a very strong candidate for species rank, given that the effect size for wing length vs the smaller of the other two taxa (auricularis), based on Table 3 in Shirihai et al. (2017), is –6.56 (score 3); white vs dark undertail-coverts (at least 2); whitish inner webs to the remiges (at least 1); and a ‘white face’ (impossible to interpret, and in fact not apparent in several photographs online).

We will seek to confirm the characters identified as distinctive by Shirihai et al. (2017) but accept the strong likelihood of at least minor vocal differentiation. Allowing 1 for such an eventuality, and having a score of 6 already on morphological grounds, we tentatively accord myrtae species status as Rapa Shearwater.

" 129302854,Aipysurus pooleorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aipysurus,pooleorum,,,,,"Smith, 1974",There are questions on whether Aipysurus pooleorum is a distinct species as many of the morphological characters mentioned are overlapping with A. laevis (Mirtschin et al. 2017). 22680038,Tachyeres leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tachyeres,leucocephalus,,,,,"Humphrey & Thompson, 1981", 22680047,Tachyeres brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tachyeres,brachypterus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22680052,Tachyeres patachonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tachyeres,patachonicus,,,,,"(King, 1828)", 22680398,Aythya marila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,marila,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)", 22680405,Somateria mollissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Somateria,mollissima,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680409,Somateria spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Somateria,spectabilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680415,Polysticta stelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Polysticta,stelleri,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22680423,Histrionicus histrionicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Histrionicus,histrionicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680427,Clangula hyemalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Clangula,hyemalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680441,Melanitta perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Melanitta,perspicillata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680455,Bucephala clangula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Bucephala,clangula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693494,Phalaropus fulicarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Phalaropus,fulicarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694160,Catharacta skua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,STERCORARIIDAE,Catharacta,skua,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1764)","Catharacta skua (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Stercorarius.

Catharacta skua, C. antarctica and C. maccormicki (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), cross-regional species, are retained as separate species contra Christidis and Boles (1994) and Turbott (1990) who include lonnbergi and antarctica as subspecies of C. skua and AERC TAC (2003) who include C. maccormicki as a subspecies of C. skua.

" 22694210,Catharacta chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,STERCORARIIDAE,Catharacta,chilensis,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1857)",Catharacta chilensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Stercorarius. 22694218,Catharacta maccormicki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,STERCORARIIDAE,Catharacta,maccormicki,,,,,"(Saunders, 1893)","Catharacta maccormicki (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Stercorarius.

Catharacta skua, C. antarctica and C. maccormicki (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), cross-regional species, are retained as separate species contra Christidis and Boles (1994) and Turbott (1990) who include lonnbergi and antarctica as subspecies of C. skua and AERC TAC (2003) who include C. maccormicki as a subspecies of C. skua.

" 22694240,Stercorarius pomarinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,STERCORARIIDAE,Stercorarius,pomarinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22694245,Stercorarius parasiticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,STERCORARIIDAE,Stercorarius,parasiticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694251,Stercorarius longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,STERCORARIIDAE,Stercorarius,longicaudus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22694271,Larus scoresbii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,scoresbii,,,,,"(Traill, 1823)",Larus scoresbii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucophaeus. 22694279,Larus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,pacificus,,,,,"Latham, 1801", 22694282,Larus belcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,belcheri,,,,,"Vigors, 1829", 22694286,Larus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,atlanticus,,,,,"Olrog, 1958", 22694289,Larus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,crassirostris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22694292,Larus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,modestus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1843", 22694303,Larus hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,hemprichii,,,,,"Bruch, 1853", 22694317,Larus delawarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,delawarensis,,,,,"Ord, 1815", 22694321,Larus californicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,californicus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1854", 22694329,Larus dominicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,dominicanus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22694334,Larus glaucescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,glaucescens,,,,,"Naumann, 1840", 132541239,Astyanax acatlanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,acatlanensis,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2017", 22694337,Larus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,occidentalis,,,,,"Audubon, 1839", 22694343,Larus hyperboreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,hyperboreus,,,,,"Gunnerus, 1767", 22694362,Larus schistisagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,schistisagus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1884", 22694379,Larus ichthyaetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,ichthyaetus,,,,,"Pallas, 1773", 22694384,Larus brunnicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,brunnicephalus,,,,,"Jerdon, 1840", 22694387,Larus cirrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,cirrocephalus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22694393,Larus hartlaubii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,hartlaubii,,,,,"Bruch, 1853", 22694417,Larus maculipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,maculipennis,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22694420,Larus ridibundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,ridibundus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22694432,Larus philadelphia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,philadelphia,,,,,"(Ord, 1815)", 22694436,Saundersilarus saundersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Saundersilarus,saundersi,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1871)",Saundersilarus saundersi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Larus. 22694452,Larus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,fuliginosus,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22694455,Larus atricilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,atricilla,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22694462,Larus pipixcan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,pipixcan,,,,,"Wagler, 1831", 22694469,Hydrocoloeus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Hydrocoloeus,minutus,,,,,"Pallas, 1776",Hydrocoloeus minutus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Larus. 22694473,Pagophila eburnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Pagophila,eburnea,,,,,"(Phipps, 1774)", 22694493,Creagrus furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Creagrus,furcatus,,,,,"(Néboux, 1842)", 132551767,Astyanax angustifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,angustifrons,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)",Resurrected from synonymy in Schmitter-Soto (2017). 22694502,Rissa brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Rissa,brevirostris,,,,,"(Bruch, 1853)", 22694542,Thalasseus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Thalasseus,maximus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",Thalasseus maximus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna as S. maxima.

22694561,Thalasseus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Thalasseus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)",Thalasseus bengalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22694571,Thalasseus bergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Thalasseus,bergii,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)",Thalasseus bergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22694612,Sterna sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,sumatrana,,,,,"Raffles, 1822","The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group is aware that phylogenetic analyses have been published which have proposed generic rearrangements which may affect this species, but prefers to wait until work by other taxonomists reveals how these changes affect the entire groups involved." 22694618,Sterna hirundinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,hirundinacea,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 132562408,Astyanax argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,argentatus,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1854","Schmitter-Soto: for many years, this species was considered a synonym of A. mexicanus. The latter has been restricted to central-western Mexico, whereas A. argentatus is the species widespread in northern Mexico and Texas." 22694641,Sterna virgata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,virgata,,,,,"Cabanis, 1875", 22694646,Sterna forsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,forsteri,,,,,"Nuttall, 1834", 22694651,Sterna trudeaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,trudeaui,,,,,"Audubon, 1838", 22694673,Sternula antillarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sternula,antillarum,,,,,"Lesson, 1847",Sternula antillarum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22694691,Sternula nereis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sternula,nereis,,,,,"Gould, 1843",Sternula nereis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22694722,Onychoprion lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Onychoprion,lunatus,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)",Onychoprion lunatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna as S. lunata.

132569524,Astyanax bacalarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,bacalarensis,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2017", 22694805,Anous tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Anous,tenuirostris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22694821,Gygis alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Gygis,alba,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1786)", 22694830,Gygis microrhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Gygis,microrhyncha,,,,,"Saunders, 1876", 22694834,Larosterna inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larosterna,inca,,,,,"(Lesson, 1827)", 22694841,Uria aalge,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Uria,aalge,,,,,"(Pontoppidan, 1763)", 22694861,Cepphus grylle,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Cepphus,grylle,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694864,Cepphus columba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Cepphus,columba,,,,,"Pallas, 1811", 22694867,Cepphus carbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Cepphus,carbo,,,,,"Pallas, 1811", 22694875,Brachyramphus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Brachyramphus,brevirostris,,,,,"(Vigors, 1829)", 132578336,Astyanax brevimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,brevimanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 22694896,Synthliboramphus antiquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Synthliboramphus,antiquus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22694899,Synthliboramphus wumizusume,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Synthliboramphus,wumizusume,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22694927,Fratercula arctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Fratercula,arctica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696599,Podiceps grisegena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,grisegena,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22696610,Podiceps nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,nigricollis,,,,,"Brehm, 1831", 22696657,Morus bassanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Morus,bassanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696668,Morus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Morus,capensis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22696675,Morus serrator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Morus,serrator,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)", 22696686,Sula variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Sula,variegata,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1843)", 22696698,Sula leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Sula,leucogaster,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22696743,Microcarbo melanoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Microcarbo,melanoleucos,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",Microcarbo melanoleucos (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phalacrocorax. 132586225,Astyanax finitimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,finitimus,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1868)", 22696766,Phalacrocorax neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,neglectus,,,,,"(Wahlberg, 1855)", 22696770,Phalacrocorax fuscescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,fuscescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22696779,Phalacrocorax fuscicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,fuscicollis,,,,,"Stephens, 1826", 22696799,Phalacrocorax capillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,capillatus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)", 22696806,Phalacrocorax capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,capensis,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1789)", 22696901,Phalacrocorax punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,punctatus,,,,,"Sparrman, 1786", 22696907,Phalacrocorax featherstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,featherstoni,,,,,"Buller, 1873", 22697619,Pelecanus thagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,thagus,,,,,"Molina, 1782", 22697728,Fregata aquila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,FREGATIDAE,Fregata,aquila,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697738,Fregata ariel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,FREGATIDAE,Fregata,ariel,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 22697782,Eudyptes robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptes,robustus,,,,,"Oliver, 1953", 22697834,Gavia arctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GAVIIFORMES,GAVIIDAE,Gavia,arctica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697839,Gavia pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GAVIIFORMES,GAVIIDAE,Gavia,pacifica,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1858)", 22697842,Gavia immer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GAVIIFORMES,GAVIIDAE,Gavia,immer,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1764)", 22697847,Gavia adamsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GAVIIFORMES,GAVIIDAE,Gavia,adamsii,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 22697852,Macronectes giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Macronectes,giganteus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697859,Macronectes halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Macronectes,halli,,,,,"Mathews, 1912", 22697866,Fulmarus glacialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Fulmarus,glacialis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)","F. g. audoboni, recognised in del Hoyo and Collar (2014), is here synonymised with F. g. glacialis following the observation that the difference is based upon a cline and that there is no genetic evidence whatsoever to indicate a distinction (Kerr and Dove 2013)." 22697870,Fulmarus glacialoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Fulmarus,glacialoides,,,,,"(Smith, 1840)", 22697875,Thalassoica antarctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Thalassoica,antarctica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697879,Daption capense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Daption,capense,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697885,Pagodroma nivea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pagodroma,nivea,,,,,"(Forster, 1777)", 22697888,Aphrodroma brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Aphrodroma,brevirostris,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)",Aphrodroma brevirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Lugensa. 22697896,Pseudobulweria aterrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pseudobulweria,aterrima,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1857)", 22697913,Pseudobulweria becki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pseudobulweria,becki,,,,,"(Murphy, 1928)", 22697925,Pseudobulweria rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pseudobulweria,rostrata,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 132611796,Astyanax ocotal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,ocotal,,,,,"Valdez-Moreno, Rodiles-Hernández & Schmitter-Soto, 2017","Mentioned as ""Bramocharax sp."" in some publications, e.g. Jelks et al. (2008)." 22697935,Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pseudobulweria,macgillivrayi,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)", 22697949,Pterodroma axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,axillaris,,,,,"(Salvin, 1893)", 22697954,Pterodroma nigripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,nigripennis,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)", 22697957,Pterodroma cervicalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,cervicalis,,,,,"(Salvin, 1891)", 22697963,Pterodroma inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,inexpectata,,,,,"(Forster, 1844)", 22697967,Pterodroma hypoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,hypoleuca,,,,,"(Salvin, 1888)", 22697970,Pterodroma leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,leucoptera,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 22697975,Pterodroma cookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,cookii,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)", 22697984,Pterodroma pycrofti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,pycrofti,,,,,"Falla, 1933", 22697987,Pterodroma brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,brevipes,,,,,"(Peale, 1848)", 22697990,Pterodroma defilippiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,defilippiana,,,,,"(Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869)", 22698005,Pterodroma arminjoniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,arminjoniana,,,,,"(Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869)", 22698012,Pterodroma heraldica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,heraldica,,,,,"(Salvin, 1888)", 22698020,Pterodroma phaeopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,phaeopygia,,,,,"(Salvin, 1876)", 22698027,Pterodroma neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,neglecta,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1863)", 22698030,Pterodroma externa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,externa,,,,,"(Salvin, 1875)", 22698035,Pterodroma baraui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,baraui,,,,,"(Jouanin, 1964)", 132618009,Astyanax petenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,petenensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 22698055,Pterodroma lessonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,lessonii,,,,,"(Garnot, 1826)", 22698062,Pterodroma madeira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,madeira,,,,,"Mathews, 1934", 22698080,Pterodroma mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,mollis,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 22698088,Pterodroma cahow,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,cahow,,,,,"(Nichols & Mowbray, 1916)", 132623697,Astyanax rioverde,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,rioverde,,,,,"Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017", 22698092,Pterodroma hasitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,hasitata,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22698097,Pterodroma caribbaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,caribbaea,,,,,"Carte, 1866", 22698106,Pachyptila vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pachyptila,vittata,,,,,"(Forster, 1777)", 22698114,Pachyptila desolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pachyptila,desolata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22698119,Pachyptila belcheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pachyptila,belcheri,,,,,"(Mathews, 1912)", 22698124,Pachyptila turtur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pachyptila,turtur,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22698128,Pachyptila crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pachyptila,crassirostris,,,,,"(Mathews, 1912)", 22698132,Bulweria bulwerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Bulweria,bulwerii,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1828)", 22698136,Bulweria fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Bulweria,fallax,,,,,"Jouanin, 1955", 22698140,Procellaria aequinoctialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Procellaria,aequinoctialis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22698150,Procellaria parkinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Procellaria,parkinsoni,,,,,"Gray, 1862", 22698155,Procellaria westlandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Procellaria,westlandica,,,,,"Falla, 1946", 132629372,Astyanax salvatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,salvatoris,,,,,"Valdez-Moreno, Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017", 22698172,Calonectris leucomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Calonectris,leucomelas,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22698175,Ardenna pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Ardenna,pacifica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Ardenna pacifica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Puffinus as P. pacificus. 22698182,Ardenna bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Ardenna,bulleri,,,,,"(Salvin, 1888)",Ardenna bulleri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Puffinus. 22698195,Ardenna creatopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Ardenna,creatopus,,,,,"(Coues, 1864)",Ardenna creatopus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Puffinus. 22698216,Ardenna tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Ardenna,tenuirostris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)",Ardenna tenuirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Puffinus. 22698222,Puffinus nativitatis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,nativitatis,,,,,"Streets, 1877", 22698226,Puffinus puffinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,puffinus,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1764)", 22698230,Puffinus yelkouan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,yelkouan,,,,,"(Acerbi, 1827)", 22698235,Puffinus auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,auricularis,,,,,"Townsend, 1890","P. auricularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) is retained as a separate species from P. newelli (which see) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018), following a revision of the scoring of parsed characters for these taxa plus P. myrtae (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018), split from P. newelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014)." 22698249,Puffinus gavia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,gavia,,,,,"(Forster, 1844)", 22698272,Puffinus bannermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,bannermani,,,,,"Mathews & Iredale, 1915","Puffinus lherminieri (incorporating baroli), P. bannermani, P. persicus, P. subalaris and P. bailloni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. lherminieri and baroli was subsumed under P. assimilis, following Brooke (2004), before which P. bannermani and P. persicus where split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22698277,Puffinus heinrothi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,heinrothi,,,,,"Reichenow, 1919", 22698288,Pelecanoides magellani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pelecanoides,magellani,,,,,"(Mathews, 1912)", 22698300,Pelecanoides urinatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pelecanoides,urinatrix,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22698305,Diomedea exulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Diomedea,exulans,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22698314,Diomedea epomophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Diomedea,epomophora,,,,,"Lesson, 1825", 22698320,Phoebastria irrorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Phoebastria,irrorata,,,,,"(Salvin, 1883)", 132641185,Astyanax tehuacanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,tehuacanensis,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2017", 22698335,Phoebastria albatrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Phoebastria,albatrus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22698365,Phoebastria immutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Phoebastria,immutabilis,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)", 22698375,Thalassarche melanophris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,melanophris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)",Thalassarche melanophris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as T. melanophrys.

22698388,Thalassarche salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,salvini,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)", 22698393,Thalassarche eremita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,eremita,,,,,"Murphy, 1930", 22698398,Thalassarche chrysostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,chrysostoma,,,,,"(Forster, 1785)", 22698425,Thalassarche chlororhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,chlororhynchos,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22698431,Phoebetria fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Phoebetria,fusca,,,,,"(Hilsenberg, 1822)", 22698436,Oceanites oceanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Oceanites,oceanicus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22698442,Oceanites gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Oceanites,gracilis,,,,,"(Elliot, 1859)", 22698448,Phoebetria palpebrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Phoebetria,palpebrata,,,,,"(Forster, 1785)", 22698453,Pelagodroma marina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Pelagodroma,marina,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22698459,Fregetta tropica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Fregetta,tropica,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 22698465,Fregetta grallaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Fregetta,grallaria,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22698471,Nesofregetta fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Nesofregetta,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22698477,Hydrobates pelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,pelagicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22698485,Hydrobates microsoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,microsoma,,,,,"(Coues, 1864)",Hydrobates microsoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genera Oceanodroma and Halocyptena. 22698496,Hydrobates tethys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,tethys,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1852)",Hydrobates tethys (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 22698520,Hydrobates monorhis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,monorhis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1867)",Hydrobates monorhis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 22698530,Hydrobates macrodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,macrodactylus,,,,,"(Bryant, 1887)",Hydrobates macrodactylus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma as O. macrodactyla. 22698548,Hydrobates matsudairae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,matsudairae,,,,,"(Kuroda, 1922)",Hydrobates matsudairae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 22698562,Hydrobates homochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,homochroa,,,,,"(Coues, 1864)",Hydrobates homochroa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 22724845,Melanitta stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Melanitta,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1887)", 22728011,Pterodroma feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,feae,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1899)","

Pterodroma feae and P. deserta (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. feae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22728318,Diomedea antipodensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Diomedea,antipodensis,,,,,"Robertson & Warham, 1992", 132653644,Rhamdia parryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,parryi,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888", 22728323,Diomedea sanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Diomedea,sanfordi,,,,,"Murphy, 1917", 22728328,Thalassarche bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,bulleri,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1893)", 22728349,Thalassarche impavida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,impavida,,,,,"Mathews, 1912", 22728364,Diomedea dabbenena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Diomedea,dabbenena,,,,,"Mathews, 1929", 22728372,Thalassarche carteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,carteri,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1903)", 22728432,Puffinus mauretanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,mauretanicus,,,,,"Lowe, 1921", 22728437,Procellaria conspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Procellaria,conspicillata,,,,,"Gould, 1844", 22728442,Pterodroma atrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,atrata,,,,,"Mathews, 1912", 22728808,Fregetta maoriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Fregetta,maoriana,,,,,"(Mathews, 1932)","

Fregetta maoriana endemic to New Zealand (Brooke 2004), was not listed by Turbott (1990) as it was previously believed to be extinct. Fregetta maoriana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanites as O. maorianus (Oliver 1955) and genus Pealeornis as P. maoriana (Mathews 1932) by the New Zealand Checklist (2010)." 22729148,Garrodia nereis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Garrodia,nereis,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22729421,Calonectris edwardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Calonectris,edwardsii,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1883)","Calonectris diomedea and C. borealis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. diomedea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), which was also formerly lumped with C. edwardsii following Hazevoet (1995), contra Brooke (2004).

" 22729609,Thalassarche steadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,steadi,,,,,"Falla, 1933", 132660462,Rhamdia macuspanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,macuspanensis,,,,,"Weber & Wilkens, 1998", 22732244,Calonectris borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Calonectris,borealis,,,,,"(Cory, 1881)","Calonectris diomedea and C. borealis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. diomedea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), which was also formerly lumped with C. edwardsii following Hazevoet (1995), contra Brooke (2004).

" 22733989,Pelecanus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,occidentalis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22734194,Melanitta deglandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Melanitta,deglandi,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22735624,Hydrobates monteiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,monteiroi,,,,,"(Bolton et al., 2008)","Oceanodroma castro (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into O. castro and O. monteiroi following Bolton et al. (2008). All Oceanodroma species have since been moved to Hydrobates (del Hoyo and Collar 2014).

" 22735929,Larus cachinnans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,cachinnans,,,,,"Pallas, 1811","L. michahellis and L. armenicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. michahellis following a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group. Prior to that, L. armenicus had been split and L. cachinnans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) had been lumped with L. michahellis as L. cachinnans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22736135,Pterodroma deserta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,deserta,,,,,"Mathews, 1934","

Pterodroma feae and P. deserta (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. feae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22736173,Sula dactylatra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Sula,dactylatra,,,,,"Lesson, 1831",Sula dactylatra (AOU 1998 + updates) and Sula tasmani (Christidis and Boles 1994) have been lumped as S. dactylatra following Christidis and Boles (2008). 45048812,Pterodroma macroptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,macroptera,,,,,"(Smith, 1840)","Pterodroma macroptera and P. gouldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. macroptera following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45048990,Pterodroma gouldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,gouldi,,,,,"(Hutton, 1869)","Pterodroma macroptera and P. gouldi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. macroptera following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45061132,Calonectris diomedea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Calonectris,diomedea,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)","Calonectris diomedea and C. borealis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. diomedea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), which was also formerly lumped with C. edwardsii following Hazevoet (1995), contra Brooke (2004). " 45354823,Oceanites pincoyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,OCEANITIDAE,Oceanites,pincoyae,,,,,"Harrison et al., 2013",Oceanites pincoyae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly described by Harrison et al. (2013). 45959011,Puffinus assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,assimilis,,,,,"Gould, 1838","Puffinus assimilis (not including baroli) and P. elegans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. assimilis, under which baroli was also subsumed, following Brooke (2004)." 45959182,Puffinus lherminieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,lherminieri,,,,,"Lesson, 1839","Puffinus lherminieri (incorporating baroli), P. bannermani, P. persicus, P. subalaris and P. bailloni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. lherminieri and baroli was subsumed under P. assimilis, following Brooke (2004), before which P. bannermani and P. persicus where split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45959186,Puffinus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,elegans,,,,,"Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869","Puffinus assimilis (not including baroli) and P. elegans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. assimilis, under which baroli was also subsumed, following Brooke (2004)." 62021891,Larus novaehollandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,novaehollandiae,,,,,"Stephens, 1826","Larus novaehollandiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as L. novaehollandiae and L. scopulinus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62026537,Gelochelidon macrotarsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Gelochelidon,macrotarsa,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","Gelochelidon nilotica and G. macrotarsa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Sterna and lumped as S. nilotica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62101215,Synthliboramphus hypoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Synthliboramphus,hypoleucus,,,,,"Xántus de Vesey, 1860","Synthliboramphus hypoleucus and S. scrippsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. hypoleucus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
" 62289571,Catharacta antarctica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,STERCORARIIDAE,Catharacta,antarctica,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","Catharacta antarctica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Stercorarius, following Chu et al. (2009), and split as S. antarcticus and S. lonnbergi, following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 104062546,Pachyptila salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pachyptila,salvini,,,,,"(Mathews, 1912)", 132670498,Rhamdia laticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,laticauda,,,,,"(Kner, 1858)", 132675480,Rhamdia laluchensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,laluchensis,,,,,"Weber, Allegrucci & Sbordoni, 2003", 169396,Tetrapleurodon spadiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Tetrapleurodon,spadiceus,,,,,"(Bean, 1887)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Lampetra but is now considered valid in the genus Tetrapleurodon. 132675986,Ophisternon aenigmaticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Ophisternon,aenigmaticum,,,,,"Rosen & Greenwood, 1976", 176746,Hydrophis curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,curtus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)","This species was formerly known as Lapemis curtus, however, a recent molecular phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognizing a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and are followed by most recent authors.

Hydrophis curtus is sometimes regarded as two species, H. curtus occurring in the Indian Ocean and H. hardwickii occurring in southeast Asia and Australasia (Smith 1926, Cogger 2000). This division is not supported by morphological analyses based on large numbers of individuals from populations throughout the species’ geographic range (Gritis and Voris 1990). However, molecular data show a deep divergence between clades of H. curtus in the Indian Ocean versus the West Pacific (Ukuwela et al. 2014). Further work is required to confirm the identity of this species across its range, and at present, a single species, H. curtus, is maintained." 198625,Ophidion barbatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,barbatum,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 18139017,Ophidion lozanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,lozanoi,,,,,"Matallanas, 1990", 195044,Raneya brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Raneya,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 190110,Leucicorus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Leucicorus,atlanticus,,,,,"Nielsen, 1975", 190410,Neobythites multidigitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,multidigitatus,,,,,"Nielsen, 1999", 67966314,Spectrunculus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Spectrunculus,crassus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1888)",This species was resurrected from synonymy under Spectrunculus grandis by Uiblein et al. (2008). 18138815,Echiodon drummondii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,drummondii,,,,,"Thompson, 1837", 57452852,Meteoria erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Meteoria,erythrops,,,,,"Nielsen, 1969", 67966246,Sciadonus pedicellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Sciadonus,pedicellaris,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 22680033,Tachyeres pteneres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tachyeres,pteneres,,,,,"(Forster, 1844)", 133095300,Euryrhynchina puteola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,EURYRHYNCHIDAE,Euryrhynchina,puteola,,,,,"De Grave, Piscart, Tuekam Kayo & Anker, 2017", 19448251,Alburnus kurui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,kurui,,,,,"(Bogutskaya, 1995)","Freyhof et al. (2018) reviewed the generic position of Leuciscus kurui, placing it in Alburnis. Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli, 2018 was subsequently identified as a junior secondary homonym of A. kurui (Bogutskaya, 1995) with A. carianorum proposed as its replacement name (Freyhof et al. 2018)." 133325116,Pseudagrion glaucoideum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,glaucoideum,,,,,"Schmidt in Ris, 1936", 22690515,Streptopelia roseogrisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,roseogrisea,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1857)", 135631,Esox lucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,ESOCIDAE,Esox,lucius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 133484158,Nesophlox evelynae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Nesophlox,evelynae,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)","Calliphlox evelynae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been moved to the genus Nesophlox Ridgway, 1910, on the basis that Abrahamczyk et al. (2015) demonstrated that the species is sister to Mellisuga Brisson, 1760 and Feo et al. (2015) showed that it falls within a clade that also includes Mellisuga and Archilochus Reichenbach, 1854. 

Subsequently, N. evelynae (=C. evelynae [del Hoyo and Collar 2014]) has been split into N. evelynae and N. lyrura (which see) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018)." 133484007,Nesophlox lyrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Nesophlox,lyrura,,,,,"(Gould, 1869)","

The form lyrura was proposed to be split from Nesophlox evelynae by Feo et al. (2015), on the basis of different tail morphology, display and voice. Since the tail morphology is associated with the display, only one of these phenomena should be scored for level of difference using the Tobias criteria. Based on data in Table 1 in Feo et al. (2015: 253), we find that lyrura differs from evelynae in its shorter R1 (12.8 ± 1.0 vs 15.6 ± 0.9), hence effect size –2.9 (score 2); longer R5 (38.0 ± 1.1 vs 31.8 ± 1.1), hence effect size 5.64 (score 3); fully iridescent vs almost entire non-iridescent forecrown in males (at least 2); much lower fundamental frequency of scolding chip calls (1.5–3 kHz vs 7–9 kHz) (3); much quieter (audible <5 m vs <30 m), shorter (<5 s vs 3–27 s) and simpler song (3).

On this basis lyrura emerges as a highly distinct species and meets the criteria for inclusion in the Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world V.3 (HBW and BirdLife International 2018). Prior to the split, Calliphlox evelynae was moved to the genus Nesophlox Ridgway, 1910, on the basis that Abrahamczyk et al. (2015) demonstrated that the species is sister to Mellisuga Brisson, 1760 and Feo et al. (2015) showed that it falls within a clade that also includes Mellisuga and Archilochus Reichenbach, 1854.

" 22733705,Anous albivittus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Anous,albivittus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1856)","Cibois et al. (2016) found that Procelsterna sits within Anous, which is accepted and results in P. albivitta changing name to Anous albivattus (HBW and BirdLife International 2018). Procelsterna cerulea and P. albivitta (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cerulea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727746,Anous ceruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Anous,ceruleus,,,,,"(Bennett, 1840)","Cibois et al. (2016) found that Procelsterna sits within Anous, which is accepted and results in P. cerulea changing name to Anous ceruleus (HBW and BirdLife International 2018). Procelsterna cerulea and P. albivitta (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cerulea following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22696887,Urile urile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Urile,urile,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. penicillatus, P. pelagicus and P. urile moved into Urile (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696894,Gulosus aristotelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Gulosus,aristotelis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1761)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. aristotelis moved into Gulosus (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696756,Nannopterum harrisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Nannopterum,harrisi,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1898)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. auritus, P. brasilianus and P. harrisi moved into Nannopterum (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696773,Nannopterum brasilianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Nannopterum,brasilianus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. auritus, P. brasilianus and P. harrisi moved into Nannopterum (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696776,Nannopterum auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Nannopterum,auritus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. auritus, P. brasilianus and P. harrisi moved into Nannopterum (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696810,Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,bougainvilliorum,,,,,"(Lesson, 1837)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018). Phalacrocorax bougainvilliorum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. bougainvillii." 22729686,Leucocarbo atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,atriceps,,,,,"(King, 1828)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018). Phalacrocorax atriceps and P. verrucosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. atriceps following Turbott (1990).

" 22696813,Leucocarbo verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,verrucosus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1875)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018). Phalacrocorax atriceps and P. verrucosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. atriceps following Turbott (1990).

" 22696846,Leucocarbo carunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,carunculatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696853,Leucocarbo chalconotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,chalconotus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696869,Leucocarbo colensoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,colensoi,,,,,"(Buller, 1888)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696840,Leucocarbo campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,campbelli,,,,,"(Filhol, 1878)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696876,Leucocarbo ranfurlyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,ranfurlyi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1901)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696883,Leucocarbo magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Leucocarbo,magellanicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. magellanicus, P. bougainvilliorum, P. atriceps, P. verrucosus, P. carunculatus, P. chalconotus, P. onslowi, P. campbelli, P. ranfurlyi and P. colensoi moved into Leucocarbo (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 22696898,Poikilocarbo gaimardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Poikilocarbo,gaimardi,,,,,"(Lesson & Garnot, 1828)", 133764299,Profundulus mixtlanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Profundulus,mixtlanensis,,,,,"Ornelas-García, Martinez-Ramírez & Doadrio 2015", 22696753,Urile penicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Urile,penicillatus,,,,,"(Brandt, 1837)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. penicillatus, P. pelagicus and P. urile moved into Urile (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 133836145,Naja savannula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,savannula,,,,,"Broadley, Trape, Chirio & Wüster, 2018",This is a newly described species split from the former Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca complex based on an an analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences and morphological data (Wüster et al. 2018). 133837181,Naja subfulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,subfulva,,,,,"Laurent, 1955","

.An analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences plus morphological data (Wüster et al. 2018) has solved the long-standing uncertainty surrounding the Naja melanoleuca ‘species complex’. This is now shown  to contain five distinct species: a more restricted N. melanoleuca; N. guineensis (western Africa); N. savannula (savanna parts of western and central Africa); N. peroescobari (endemic to the island of São Tomé); and N. subfulva (central to northeast and Africa and southwards to Angola in the west and South Africa in the east). Wüster et al. (2018) note that this work did not encompass the full range of morphological variation known in N. subfulva, the most wide-ranging member of the complex, and that additional cryptic diversity may exist within this taxon.

" 133837440,Naja peroescobari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,peroescobari,,,,,"Ceríaco, Marques, Schmitz & bauer, 2017",This is a newly described species split from the former Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca complex based on an an analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences and morphological data (Wüster et al. 2018). 22697583,Balaeniceps rex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,BALAENICIPITIDAE,Balaeniceps,rex,,,,,"Gould, 1850", 133906189,Profundulus balsanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Profundulus,balsanus,,,,,"Ahl, 1935", 133906252,Profundulus parentiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Profundulus,parentiae,,,,,"Matamoros, Domínguez-Cisneros, Velázquez-Velázquez & McMahan, 2018", 134051244,Melanoides polymorpha,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,polymorpha,,,,,"(Smith, 1877)","The taxonomy of the Melanoides group is complex and contradictory. Attempts to clarify the situation lead to recognition of less species than originally considered to be endemic to Lake Malawi (Eldblom and Kristensen 2003). Pending a formal revision and following more recent studies, the current conservation assessment considers all Melanoides taxa and clonal forms (except M. tuberculata) to represent the M. polymorpha complex sensu Genner et al.(2007, 2008)." 22692053,Leucogeranus leucogeranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Leucogeranus,leucogeranus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","Has elsewhere been placed in genus Grus; or in Bugeranus together with B. carunculatus on basis of morphological and behavioural similarities, but molecular evidence has revealed deep distinctiveness of present species (Krajewski et al. 2010); alternatively, placed in separate monospecific genus, Sarcogeranus, but present monotypic genus (Leucogeranus) has priority. Three wintering subpopulations identified, but no evidence as yet of geographical variation. Monotypic." 22691932,Ardeotis nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Ardeotis,nigriceps,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)", 22697531,Pseudibis davisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Pseudibis,davisoni,,,,,"(Hume, 1875)", 161456,Squatina formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,formosa,,,,,"Shen & Ting, 1972", 161325,Squatina nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,nebulosa,,,,,"Regan, 1906","This species is often misidentified with the Taiwan Angelshark (Squatina formosa). Diagnostic features for this species include pelvic fin tips which extend to origin of the first dorsal fin and angular pelvic, dorsal, and caudal fins (Walsh et al. 2011)." 161525,Squatina tergocellatoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,tergocellatoides,,,,,"Chen, 1963", 161558,Squatina japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,japonica,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858",This species is often misidentified with other regional Squatinids. Diagnostic features for Squatina japonica include pelvic fin tips which do not reach the first dorsal origin and spines along the midback line (Walsh et al. 2011). 45355856,Ceyx sangirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,sangirensis,,,,,"(Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1898)","Ceyx fallax and C. sangirensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. fallax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22728599,Otus siaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,siaoensis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1873)","Otus magicus and O. tempestatis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. magicus, and O. alfredi, O. siaoensis, O. enganensis, O. insularis and O. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split from O. magicus following Widodo et al. (1999), Lambert and Rasmussen (1998), Andrew (1992) and Holt et al. (1999). Prior to that all these taxa were lumped in O. magicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22697536,Thaumatibis gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Thaumatibis,gigantea,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1877)", 22697021,Ardea insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,insignis,,,,,"Hume, 1878", 22706378,Oriolus isabellae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,isabellae,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1894", 176716,Hydrophis zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,zweifeli,,,,,"Kharin, 1985","McDowell (1972) first mentioned a specimen from Sepik River, East Sepik District, New Guinea (AMNH 104340) that was very similar to the ‘beaked sea snake’, Hydrophis schistosus, but showed some morphological characters which were not in accordance with H. schistosus. Later, Kharin (1985) described a new species, Enhydrina zweifeli, based on McDowell´s (1972) data. The morphological similarity between E. zweifeli and H. schistosus is striking. However, a recently published paper (Ukuwela et al. 2012) presented molecular evidence showing the two species represent distinct lineages and are not each other’s closest relatives, indicating convergent phenotypic evolution probably related to a specialist diet of large, spiny prey (Ukuwela et al. 2012). See also Rasmussen et al. (2014).

A phylogenetic study of 39 Sea Snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognising a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013)." 14214,Myoxocephalus quadricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Myoxocephalus,quadricornis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 19171241,Arabibarbus grypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Arabibarbus,grypus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)", 61386,Carasobarbus moulouyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,moulouyensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1924)",The taxonomy of barbels from Morocco is still uncertain and more work is needed before a definitive taxonomy is set for this group in this country.

Doadrio et al. (2016) transferred this species to the genus Carasobarbus. 63252,Clypeobarbus bellcrossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Clypeobarbus,bellcrossi,,,,,"(Jubb, 1965)",Conway and Stiassny (2008) transferred this species to the genus Clypeobarbus. 60397,Enteromius taeniopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,taeniopleura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182665,Enteromius taeniurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,taeniurus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182074,Enteromius tanapelagius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,tanapelagius,,,,,"(Graaf, Dejen, Sibbing & Osse, 2000)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182197,Enteromius tegulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,tegulifer,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 22707085,Eutrichomyias rowleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LAMPROLIIDAE,Eutrichomyias,rowleyi,,,,,"(Meyer, 1878)","Jønsson et al. (2018) establish that Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi, Drongo Fantail Chaetorhynchus papuensis, Natewa Silktail Lamprolia klinesmithi and Taveuni Silktail L. victoriae belong in a separate ancient family, Lamproliidae, sister to the Rhipiduridae. This finding is accepted here, but it raises the issue of the English names of the flycatcher and the fantail. At present we opt for ‘Cerulean Flycatcher’, to remove the impression that the species is a member of the Monarchidae, but retain ‘Drongo Fantail’ given the proximity of the Lamproliidae to the fantails; but neither proposal is set in stone." 190470,Malacanthus plumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MALACANTHIDAE,Malacanthus,plumieri,,,,,"(Bloch, 1786)", 594,Afrithelphusa afzelii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Afrithelphusa,afzelii,,,,,"(Colosi, 1924)","This species is one of only four species in the genus that belong to a rare group of freshwater crabs endemic to Sierra Leone, West Africa. This genus was recently transferred from the Gecarcinucidae and reassigned to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Deckeniini: Globonautina by Cumberlidge et al. (2008)." 593,Afrithelphusa gerhildae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Afrithelphusa,gerhildae,,,,,"Bott, 1969",This species was described by Bott (1969) as Afrithelphusa gerhildae. This species is one of only four species in the genus that belong to a rare group of freshwater crabs endemic to the upper Guinea forest block of West Africa. This genus was recently transferred from the Gecarcinucidae and reassigned to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Deckeniini: Globonautina by Cumberlidge et al. (2008). 592,Afrithelphusa leonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Afrithelphusa,leonensis,,,,,"(Cumberlidge, 1987)","This species was described by Cumberlidge (1987) as Globonautes leonensis, and was later transferred to the genus Afrithelphusa by Cumberlidge (1999). This species is one of only four species in the genus hat belong to a rare group of freshwater crabs endemic to the upper guinea forest block of West Africa. This genus was recently transferred from the Gecarcinucidae and reassigned to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Deckeniini: Globonautina by Cumberlidge et al. (2008)." 595,Afrithelphusa monodosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Afrithelphusa,monodosa,,,,,"(Bott, 1959)","Bott (1959) described this species as Globonautes monodosus. Cumberlidge (1999) transferred this species to the genus Afrithelphusa Bott, 1969. This species is one of only four species in the genus that belong to a rare group of freshwater crabs endemic to the upper Guinea forest block of West Africa. This genus was recently transferred from the Gecarcinucidae and reassigned to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Deckeniini: Globonautina by Cumberlidge et al. (2007)." 9251,Globonautes macropus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Globonautes,macropus,,,,,"(Rathbun, 1898)","Bott (1959) treated this taxon as Globonautes macropus macropus, while Cumberlidge (1996, 1999) regarded Globonautes to be a monotypic genus and treated this taxon as Globonautes macropus. This species is one of only five species in two genera that belong to a rare group of freshwater crabs endemic to the upper Guinea forest block of West Africa. This genus was recently transferred from the Gecarcinucidae and reassigned to the Potamonautidae: Deckeniinae: Deckeniini: Globonautina by Cumberlidge et al. (2007). The species is very poorly sampled and a surveys are needed to understand the extent of the species." 134846,Liberonautes chaperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,chaperi,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1887)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Sudanonautes) africanus chaperi. Cumberlidge (1985, 1999) revised the taxonomy of this species, transferred it to the genus Liberonautes Bott, 1955, and treated it as the valid species Liberonautes chaperi." 134632,Liberonautes grandbassa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,grandbassa,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1999",The only published account of this species is Cumberlidge (1999). 134872,Liberonautes latidactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,latidactylus,,,,,"(De Man, 1903)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Liberonautes latidactylus latidactylus. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998, 1999) revised the taxonomy of this species and regarded it as the valid species Liberonautes latidactylus." 134522,Liberonautes lugbe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,lugbe,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1999",The only published account of this species is Cumberlidge (1999). 134052,Liberonautes nanoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,nanoides,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Sachs, 1989",Cumberlidge and Sachs (1989) described this species as Liberonautes latidactylus nanoides. Cumberlidge (1999) revised the taxonomy of this taxon and treated it as the valid species Liberonautes nanoides. 134444,Liberonautes nimba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,nimba,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1999","This species was described by Cumberlidge (1999), and additional localities and ecological notes were provided by Cumberlidge and Huguet (2003)." 135045,Liberonautes paludicolis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,paludicolis,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Sachs, 1989",Cumberlidge and Sachs (1989) described this species as Liberonautes latidactylus paludicolis. Cumberlidge (1999) revised the taxonomy of this taxon and treated it as the valid species Liberonautes paludicolis. Additional localities and ecological notes were provided by Cumberlidge and Huguet (2003). 134577,Liberonautes rubigimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Liberonautes,rubigimanus,,,,,"Cumberlidge & Sachs, 1989",Cumberlidge and Sachs (1989) described this species as Liberonautes latidactylus rubigimanus. Cumberlidge (1999) revised the taxonomy of this taxon and treated it as the valid species Liberonautes rubigimanus. Additional localities and ecological notes were provided by Cumberlidge and Huguet (2003). 134638,Potamonautes ecorssei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,ecorssei,,,,,"(Marchand, 1902)","Bott (1955) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) ecorssei. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998, 1999) treated this species as Potamonautes ecorssei." 134731,Potamonautes reidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,reidi,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1999",The only published account of this species is Cumberlidge (1999). 134599,Potamonautes senegalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,senegalensis,,,,,Bott 1970,"Bott (1970) placed this species in the subgenus Isopotamonautes, but Cumberlidge (1999) did not recognize this subgenus category and treated this taxon as Potamonautes senegalensis." 134306,Potamonautes triangulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,triangulus,,,,,"Bott, 1959","Bott (1959) referred to this taxon as Potamonautes (Platypotamonautes) triangulus. Cumberlidge (1997, 1999) treated this species as Potamonautes triangulus." 134768,Sudanonautes africanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,africanus,,,,,"(A. Milne-Edwards, 1869)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Sudanonautes) africanus africanus. Cumberlidge (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999) revised the taxonomy of this taxon as the valid species Sudanonautes africanus." 134072,Sudanonautes aubryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,aubryi,,,,,"(H. Milne Edwards, 1853)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Sudanonautes) aubryi aubryi. Cumberlidge (1994, 1997, 1998, 1999) revised the taxonomy of this taxon as the valid species Sudanonautes aubryi." 134338,Sudanonautes floweri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,floweri,,,,,"(De Man, 1901)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Sudanonautes) aubryi floweri. Cumberlidge (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999) revised the taxonomy of this taxon as the valid species Sudanonautes floweri." 134889,Sudanonautes granulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,granulatus,,,,,"(Balss, 1929)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Sudanonautes) decazei granulatus, a junior synonym of Sudanonautes (Sudanonautes) decazei decazei. Cumberlidge (1993, 1997, 1998, 1999) revised the taxonomy of this taxon as the valid species Sudanonautes granulatus." 134988,Sudanonautes kagoroensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,kagoroensis,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1991",This species was described by Cumberlidge (1991) with additional localities and ecological notes provided by Cumberlidge (1999). 134620,Sudanonautes nigeria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,nigeria,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1999",The only published account of this species is Cumberlidge (1999). 103842251,Hypsipetes platenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,platenae,,,,,"(Blasius, 1888)","

Eight species, Hypsipetes affinis, H. longirostris, H. mysticalis, H. harterti, H. aureus, H. platenae, H. chloris and H. lucasi have been moved from the genus Thapsinllas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) following a comprehensive phylogeny of the bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017). All were previously lumped as Alophoixus affinis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728605,Zosterops nehrkorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,nehrkorni,,,,,"Blasius, 1888", 134554100,Stolephorus continentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,continentalis,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2018",Stolephorus continentalis was recently described based on 36 specimens collected off Hong Kong and northern Vietnam (Hata and Motomura 2018). It is morphologically similar to the congener S. chinensis.  134629458,Cyrtodactylus tanahjampea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tanahjampea,,,,,"Riyanto, Hamidy & McGuire, 2018", 134656067,Acestridium discus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Acestridium,discus,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 167805,Acentronichthys leptos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Acentronichthys,leptos,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon embora exista a possibilidade de se tratar de um complexo de espécies. 134656365,Acestridium gymnogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Acestridium,gymnogaster,,,,,"Reis & Lehmann, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 134656398,Acestridium scutatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Acestridium,scutatum,,,,,"Reis & Lehmann, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 134656428,Acestridium triplax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Acestridium,triplax,,,,,"Rodriguez & Reis, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 134656505,Acestrocephalus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acestrocephalus,acutus,,,,,"Menezes, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134656577,Acestrocephalus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acestrocephalus,maculosus,,,,,"Menezes, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134656614,Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acestrocephalus,nigrifasciatus,,,,,"Menezes, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134656641,Acestrocephalus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acestrocephalus,pallidus,,,,,"Menezes, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134656668,Acestrocephalus stigmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acestrocephalus,stigmatus,,,,,"Menezes, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829889,Acestrorhynchus altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,altus,,,,,"Menezes, 1969","Pertence a Acestrorhynchus gr. lacustris (Menezes 1992, Toledo-Piza 2007). Existem dificuldades para diagnosticar a espécie em relação às demais espécies do grupo lacustris." 167774,Acestrorhynchus maculipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,maculipinna,,,,,"Menezes & Géry, 1983",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes. A espécie pertence a Acestrorhynchus gr. nasutus (Toledo-Piza 2007). 134656931,Acestrorhynchus isalineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,isalineae,,,,,"Menezes & Géry, 1983","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes para esta espécie, que pertence a Acestrorhynchus gr. nasutus (Toledo-Piza 2007)." 134657647,Acnodon normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Acnodon,normani,,,,,"Gosline, 1951",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134657736,Adontosternarchus duartei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Adontosternarchus,duartei,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134657756,Aequidens epae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,epae,,,,,"Kullander, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134657775,Aequidens gerciliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,gerciliae,,,,,"Kullander, 1995","As espécies do gênero são muito similares morfológicamente e de difícil identificação taxonômica, podendo ser confundidas (J.A.S. Zuanon com. pess. 2014)." 134657986,Rondonacara hoehnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rondonacara,hoehnei,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)", 134658055,Aequidens mauesanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,mauesanus,,,,,"Kullander, 1997","Foram encontradas algumas diferenças entre as amostras de Maués e Arapiuns, o que indica a necessidade de mais estudos comparativos." 134658088,Aequidens michaeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,michaeli,,,,,"Kullander, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134658119,Aequidens pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,pallidus,,,,,"(Heckel, 1840)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134658573,Aequidens rondoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,rondoni,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1918)",Não há revisão publicada recentemente. Amostras de Aequidens rondoni de diferentes localidades diferem consideravelmente na forma do corpo. Uma forma semelhante está presente no alto rio Xingu. 134658590,Aequidens tubicen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,tubicen,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134658620,Ageneiosus polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Ageneiosus,polystictus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1915",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Espécie facilmente reconhecível pelo padrão de colorido. 134658632,Ageneiosus uranophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Ageneiosus,uranophthalmus,,,,,"Ribeiro & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2010",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134658891,Aguarunichthys tocantinsensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Aguarunichthys,tocantinsensis,,,,,"Zuanon, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu, 1993", 134658908,Cyrtodactylus tahuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tahuna,,,,,"Riyanto, Arida & Koch, 2018", 134659170,Merodoras nheco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Merodoras,nheco,,,,,"Higuchi, Birindelli, Sousa & Britski, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659240,Ammoglanis amapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ammoglanis,amapaensis,,,,,"Mattos, Costa & Gama, 2008",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659263,Ammoglanis diaphanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ammoglanis,diaphanus,,,,,"Costa, 1994",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53876587,Anablepsoides amanan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,amanan,,,,,"(Costa & Lazzarotto, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53876802,Anablepsoides cajariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,cajariensis,,,,,"(Costa & De Luca, 2011)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53877525,Anablepsoides tocantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,tocantinensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2010)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829545,Anablepsoides urophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,urophthalmus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53877591,Anablepsoides urubuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,urubuiensis,,,,,"Costa, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53877696,Anablepsoides xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,xinguensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2010)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659402,Anablepsoides gamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,gamae,,,,,"Costa, Bragança & Amorim, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659422,Anablepsoides henschelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,henschelae,,,,,"Costa, Bragança & Amorim, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659434,Anablepsoides jari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,jari,,,,,"Costa, Bragança & Amorim, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659509,Anablepsoides ottonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,ottonii,,,,,"Costa, Bragança & Amorim, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659785,Ancistrus abilhoai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,abilhoai,,,,,"Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659812,Ancistrus agostinhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,agostinhoi,,,,,"Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659878,Ancistrus aguaboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,aguaboensis,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Mazzoni & Weber, 2001","Ancistrus aguaboensis está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Não existem revisões recentes do gênero e nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que impede a identificação acurada da maior parte das espécies de Ancistrus. Neste sentido, é possível que A. aguaboensis ocorra em outros locais e esteja disponível em lotes depositados em coleções científicas, mas sem identificação taxonômica correta (Carine Chamon, Christian Cramer, Jansen Zuanon, Leandro Sousa, Renildo Oliveira com. pess. 2012). Não há sinonímias." 134659910,Ancistrus claro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,claro,,,,,"Knaack, 1999",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134659942,Ancistrus cryptophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,cryptophthalmus,,,,,"Reis, 1987", 134660003,Ancistrus cuiabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,cuiabae,,,,,"Knaack, 1999",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134660084,Ancistrus damasceni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,damasceni,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134660173,Ancistrus formoso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,formoso,,,,,"Sabino & Trajano, 1997", 134660185,Ancistrus fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,fulvus,,,,,"(Holly, 1929)","Espécie descrita em 1929 por Holly, conhecida apenas do holótipo. Ancistrus fulvus está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini." 134660237,Ancistrus jataiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,jataiensis,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco, 2005","Não existem revisões recentes do gênero e nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que dificulta a identificação acurada da maior parte de suas espécies (Carine Chamon, Christian Cramer, Jansen Zuanon, Leandro Sousa, Renildo Oliveira com. pess., 2012). A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Não há sinonímia." 134660282,Ancistrus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,minutus,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Mazzoni & Weber, 2001","Não existem revisões recentes do gênero, nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que impede a identificação acurada da maior parte das espécies de Ancistrus. Neste sentido, é possível que Ancistrus minutus ocorra em outros locais e esteja disponível em lotes depositados em coleções científicas, mas sem identificação taxonômica correta (C. Chamon, C. Cramer, J. Zuanon, L. Sousa e R. Oliveira obs. pess.)." 134660295,Ancistrus mullerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,mullerae,,,,,"Bifi, Pavanelli & Zawadzki, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134660317,Ancistrus parecis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,parecis,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco, 2005","Não existem revisões recentes de Ancistrus e nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que dificulta a identificação acurada da maior parte das espécies desse gênero. Ancistrus parecis faz parte de um pequeno grupo de espécies diagnosticáveis pela ausência de nadadeira adiposa bem formada (Carine Chamon, Christian Cramer, Jansen Zuanon, Leandro Sousa, Renildo Oliveira com. pess., 2012). A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Não há sinonímia." 134660726,Ancistrus ranunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,ranunculus,,,,,"Muller, Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon, 1994", 134660753,Ancistrus reisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,reisi,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco, 2005","Não existem revisões recentes de Ancistrus e nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que dificulta a identificação acurada da maior parte das espécies desse gênero (C. Chamon, C. Cramer, J. Zuanon, L. Sousa e R. Oliveira com. pess. 2012). Não há sinonímia." 134661146,Ancistrus stigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,stigmaticus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889","A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Ancistrus stigmaticus é conhecida apenas de dois tipos, na descrição original de 1889 e há dificuldade para se delimitar a localidade do paralectótipo. Não existem revisões recentes do gênero e nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que impede a identificação acurada da maior parte das espécies de Ancistrus. Neste sentido, é possível que a espécie ocorra em outros locais e esteja disponível em lotes depositados em coleções científicas, mas sem identificação taxonômica correta (Carine Chamon, Christian Cramer, Jansen Zuanon, Leandro Sousa, Renildo Oliveira com. pess., 2012). Não há sinonímia." 134661170,Ancistrus tombador,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,tombador,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco, 2005","Não existem revisões recentes de Ancistrus e nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que dificulta a identificação acurada da maior parte das espécies desse gênero. Ancistrus tombador, entretanto, faz parte de um pequeno grupo de espécies diagnosticáveis pela ausência de nadadeira adiposa bem formada (C. Chamon, C. Cramer, J. Zuanon, L. Sousa e R. Oliveira com. pess. 2012). Não há sinonímia." 134661182,Ancistrus verecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,verecundus,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Cardoso, da Silva & Bertaco, 2005","Não existem revisões recentes de Ancistrus e nem chaves de classificação disponíveis, o que dificulta a identificação acurada da maior parte das espécies desse gênero. Ancistrus verecundus faz parte de um pequeno grupo de espécies diagnosticáveis pela ausência de nadadeira adiposa bem formada (Carine Chamon, Christian Cramer, Jansen Zuanon, Leandro Sousa, Renildo Oliveira com. pess., 2012). A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Não há sinonímia." 134661440,Anostomoides passionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Anostomoides,passionis,,,,,"Santos & Zuanon, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134661498,Apareiodon argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,argenteus,,,,,"Pavanelli & Britski, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia 134661528,Apareiodon cavalcante,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,cavalcante,,,,,"Pavanelli & Britski, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 134661570,Apareiodon tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Apareiodon,tigrinus,,,,,"Pavanelli & Britski, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 49829970,Aphyocharax agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Aphyocharax,agassizii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)","A última revisão foi de Souza-Lima (2003). O táxon é mal definido, os tipos encontram-se em mal estado e isto gera um problema taxonômico de difícil resolução. Não é um táxon introduzido nem errante, mas enquanto sua identidade taxonômica não for estabelecida sem dúvidas não permitirá delimitação de sua área de distribuição e, portanto, não permitirá a avaliação de seu grau de conservação." 167785,Apistogramma gephyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,gephyra,,,,,"Kullander, 1980", 49829598,Apistogramma taeniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,taeniata,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",Não houve mudanças nas sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134661976,Apistogramma angayuara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,angayuara,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2005",Apistogramma angayuara possui taxonomia bem definida. Não possui sinonímia. 134662015,Apistogramma arua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,arua,,,,,"Römer & Warzel, 1998",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não possui sinonímia. 134662038,Apistogramma brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,brevis,,,,,"Kullander, 1980",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134662073,Apistogramma caetei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,caetei,,,,,"Kullander, 1980",Há variação conhecida no padrão de coloração e morfologia de exemplares provenientes de diferentes localidades ao longo de sua área de distribuição. Esse conjunto de evidências aponta para possível existência de um complexo de espécies (Ready et al. 2006). 134662090,Apistogramma geisleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,geisleri,,,,,"Meinken, 1971","Há uma grande similaridade morfológica entre Apistogramma geisleri e A. eunotus, o que dificulta o estabelecimento de limites de distribuição geográfica acurados para estas espécies." 134662111,Apistogramma gibbiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,gibbiceps,,,,,"Meinken, 1969","Há variação conhecida no padrão de coloração de exemplares provenientes de diferentes localidades, e mesmo dentro de certas localidades ao longo de sua distribuição. Entretanto, estudos genéticos recentes, ainda não publicados, não indicaram diferenças entre subpopulações de Barcelos e Roraima (R. Britzke com. pess. 2013)." 134662130,Apistogramma hippolytae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,hippolytae,,,,,"Kullander, 1982",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134662155,Apistogramma juruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,juruensis,,,,,"Kullander, 1986",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134662177,Apistogramma meinkeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,meinkeni,,,,,"Kullander, 1980",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134662194,Apistogramma mendezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,mendezi,,,,,"Römer, 1994",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134662235,Apistogramma moae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,moae,,,,,"Kullander, 1980",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134662261,Apistogramma paucisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,paucisquamis,,,,,"Kullander & Staeck, 1988",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não possui sinonímia. 134662287,Apistogramma personata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,personata,,,,,"Kullander, 1980",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não possui sinonímia. 134662302,Apistogramma piauiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,piauiensis,,,,,"Kullander, 1980",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134662353,Apistogramma salpinction,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,salpinction,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não possui sinonímia. 134662402,Apistogramma tucurui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,tucurui,,,,,"Staeck, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não possui sinonímia. 134554171,Stolephorus oceanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,oceanicus,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1933","

This species was previously described as Stolephorus insularis oceanicus by Hardenburg (1933). Recently, it was tentatively elevated to the species level by Hata and Motomura (2018) as Stolephorus oceanicus. Detailed taxonomic studies are needed and in progress. For the purposes of the assessment, S. oceanicus will be treated as a valid species.

" 134687589,Apteronotus acidops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,acidops,,,,,"Triques, 2011", 134687611,Apteronotus caudimaculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,caudimaculosus,,,,,"de Santana, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134687629,Apteronotus lindalvae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,lindalvae,,,,,"de Santana & Cox Fernandes, 2012", 134687684,Archolaemus blax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Archolaemus,blax,,,,,"Korringa, 1970",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134688502,Archolaemus ferreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Archolaemus,ferreirai,,,,,"Vari, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134689298,Archolaemus janeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Archolaemus,janeae,,,,,"Vari, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134689324,Archolaemus luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Archolaemus,luciae,,,,,"Vari, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134689343,Archolaemus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Archolaemus,orientalis,,,,,"Stewart, Vari, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167686,Aspidoras maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,maculosus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976",Aspidoras maculosus possivelmente trata-se de um complexo de espécies. 134689879,Aspidoras belenos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,belenos,,,,,"Britto, 1998",Não há sinonímias. 134689930,Aspidoras brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,brunneus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976","Não há sinonímias. A espécie é de difícil reconhecimento, podendo seu registro estar subestimado em acervos científicos (L. Villa-Verde, M. Britto, D. Bastos, L.R. Py-Daniel com. pess. 2014). A espécie pertence à subfamília Corydoradinae." 134690055,Aspidoras eurycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,eurycephalus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976","Não há sinonímias. O material-tipo não se encontra em um bom estado de preservação e o reconhecimento da espécie é difícil, podendo ser confundida com Aspidoras poecilus (D.A. Bastos, L.V-V. da Silva, L.H. Rapp Py-Daniel e M.R. de Britto, com. pess. 2014). A espécie pertence à subfamília Corydoradinae." 134690089,Aspidoras gabrieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,gabrieli,,,,,"Wosiacki, Graças Pereira & Reis, 2014",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Corydoradinae. 134690133,Aspidoras microgalaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,microgalaeus,,,,,"Britto, 1998",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Corydoradinae. 134690205,Aspidoras pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,pauciradiatus,,,,,"(Weitzman & Nijssen, 1970)","Não há sinonímias. Aspidoras pauciradiatus foi descrita da bacia do rio Araguaia, entretanto, todos os materiais adicionais desta espécie foram coletados na bacia do rio Negro, estado do Amazonas – AM (L. Villa-Verde, M. Britto, D. Bastos, L.R. Py-Daniel com. pess. 2014). Nesta avaliação, os exemplares do rio Negro (AM) foram considerados válidos como Aspidoras pauciradiatus. A espécie pertence à subfamília Corydoradinae." 134690269,Aspidoras poecilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,poecilus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Corydoradinae. 134690286,Aspidoras raimundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,raimundi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134690366,Aspidoras taurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,taurus,,,,,"Lima & Britto, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134690381,Aspidoras velites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Aspidoras,velites,,,,,"Britto, Lima & Moreira, 2002",Não há sinonímias. A espécie pertence à subfamília Corydoradinae. 134690464,Astyanax moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,moorii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do taxon. 49830143,Makunaima multidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Makunaima,multidens,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1908)",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167733,Astyanax trierythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,trierythropterus,,,,,"Godoy, 1970","De acordo com Garutti e Britski (2000) o material tipo encontra-se perdido. Existem incertezas taxonômicas quanto a validade da espécie, dificultando sua identificação." 134691486,Astyanax argyrimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,argyrimarginatus,,,,,"Garutti, 1999","Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. A espécie faz parte do complexo Astyanax bimaculatus, contudo, para fins desta avaliação foi considerada uma única entidade específica. Espécies do grupo bimaculatus são muito similares à A. argirymarginatus (Garutti 1999)." 134691539,Astyanax bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,bifasciatus,,,,,"Garavello & Sampaio, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134691563,Astyanax courensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,courensis,,,,,"Bertaco, Carvalho & Jerep, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134691591,Astyanax dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,dissimilis,,,,,"Garavello & Sampaio, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134691633,Astyanax douradilho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,douradilho,,,,,"Bertaco, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134691669,Astyanax elachylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,elachylepis,,,,,"Bertaco & Lucinda, 2005",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. A espécie não pertence a nenhum dos complexos em Astyanax. 134691713,Astyanax eremus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,eremus,,,,,"Ingenito & Duboc, 2014", 134691767,Astyanax goyanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,goyanensis,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1944)","Anteriormente identificada como Astyanacinus goyanensis, segundo Bertaco et al. (2010). Astyanax goyanensis foi descrita por Miranda-Ribeiro (1944) dentro do gênero Astyanacinus, com base em oito espécimes coletados na bacia do rio dos Couros, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás. A descrição original é pobre e o autor não apresenta de forma clara as razões para incluir a espécie em Astyanacinus. Em 2010, Bertaco et al. redescreveram a espécie e propuseram Astyanax goyanensis como nova combinação para Astyanacinus goyanensis, com base na análise do material tipo e topótipos coletados na época. Astyanax goyanensis pertence ao grupo Astyanax scabripinnis proposto por Bertaco e Lucena (2006) (Bertaco et al. 2010), do complexo A. scabripinnis sensu Bertaco e Lucena (2006)." 134691814,Astyanax guaricana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,guaricana,,,,,"Oliveira, Abilhoa & Pavanelli, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134691962,Astyanax hamatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,hamatilis,,,,,"Camelier & Zanata, 2014",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do taxon. 134692012,Astyanax kullanderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,kullanderi,,,,,"Costa, 1995",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Espécie do complexo Astyanax bimaculatus. 134692061,Astyanax lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,lacustris,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)","Astyanax lacustris é a espécie do “grupo Astyanax bimaculatus” que ocorre na bacia do rio Paraná superior. Assim todos os registros de A. bimaculatus do alto Paraná se referem, na realidade, à A. lacustris (F.C.T. Lima e R.E. Reis com. pess.). Populações de pequenos Caracins diagnosticada por uma mancha umeral redonda e uma mancha caudal estendendo-se até o fim dos raios caudais eram tradicionalmente considerada como subespécie de Astyanax bimaculatus (Paiva et al. 2006). Muitas espécies de Astyanax pertencentes ao complexo A. bimaculatus são relativamente comuns nas drenagens neotropicais (Garutti 1995, Garutti e Britski 1997, Bertaco e Garutti 2007). Segundo Garutti e Britski (2000), Astyanax bimaculatus é restrita a exemplares do Suriname, podendo talvez se estender à bacia Amazônica, mas não nas drenagens do rio São Francisco, Alto rio Paraná, baixo rio Paraná/Paraguai, rio Uruguai, rio Paraíba do Sul, Laguna dos Patos, e rios Costeiros. Astyanax altiparanae é assinalada como uma das formas do complexo A. bimaculatus e é ocupante de uma grande diversidade de habitats, podendo ser encontrada desde cabeceiras de riachos até calhas de rios maiores (Tavares 2007). Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus), tem como características fundamentais uma mancha umeral negra horizontalmente valada, uma mancha negra no pedúnculo caudal estendida à extremidade dos raios caudais medianos, duas barras verticais marrons na região umeral e até 40 escamas na linha lateral (Garutti 2003). Todas as espécies de Astyanax existentes no Rio Paraná estão ausentes na bacia hidrográfica do Iguaçu, com exceção de uma população de peixe popularmente conhecido como tambiú e lambari-de-rabo-amarelo. Na bacia do rio Paraná, esta população de peixes foram identificados como Astyanax bimaculatus, mas recentemente foi revisto e descrita por Garutti e Britski (2000) como uma nova espécie denominada Astyanax altiparanae Garutti e Britski, 2000. É indicado que somente as espécies do Suriname, aparentemente, o holótipo desta espécie, deve a priori ser chamado A. bimaculatus (Prioli et al. 2002). A evidência genética molecular, em conjunto com semelhanças morfológicas (Graça e Pavanelli 2002), demonstrou que o estado de espécies de Astyanax bimaculatus do Rio Iguaçu deve realmente ser declarado como Astyanax altiparanae (Garutti e Britski 2000)." 134692143,Astyanax longirhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,longirhinus,,,,,"Garavello & Sampaio, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134692188,Astyanax minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,minor,,,,,"Garavello & Sampaio, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134692238,Astyanax novae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,novae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911","Astyanax novae foi originariamente descrito como uma variedade de Astyanax bimaculatus, porém recentemente vários autores reconhecem o táxon como espécie distinta (Bertaco e Garutti 2007, Garutti e Langeani 2009, Garutti e Venere 2009). É possível que exista material incorretamente identificado dessa espécie como A. bimaculatus ou A. lacustris (P.A. Buckup com. pess.)." 134692299,Astyanax obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,obscurus,,,,,"(Hensel, 1870)","Gênero Incertae Sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). Espécie redescrita por Bertaco e Lucena (2010). Nomes Antigos: Astyanax aeneus (Hensel, 1870), Tetragonopterus aeneus Hensel, 1870, Tetragonopterus obscurus Hensel, 1870." 134692333,Astyanax paranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,paranae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914","A espécie pertence ao “complexo scabripinnis” (Moreira Filho e Bertolo 1991), constituindo possivelmente uma nova espécie (Graça e Pavanelli 2007)." 134692396,Astyanax pirabitira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,pirabitira,,,,,"Lucena, Bertaco & Berbigier, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134692423,Astyanax pirapuan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,pirapuan,,,,,"Tagliacollo, Britzke, Silva & Benine, 2011",Astyanax pirapuan pertence ao complexo de espécies Astyanax scabripinnis (Tagliacollo et al. 2011). 134692444,Astyanax procerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,procerus,,,,,"Lucena, Castro & Bertaco, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134692478,Astyanax saltor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,saltor,,,,,"Travassos, 1960",Não há sinonímia. Pertence às espécies do grupo Astyanax gr. bimaculatus (Bertaco e Garutti 2007). 134692509,Astyanax serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,serratus,,,,,"Garavello & Sampaio, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134692772,Astyanax unitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,unitaeniatus,,,,,"Garutti, 1998",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Pertence ao complexo Astyanax gr. bimaculatus (Garutti e Langeani 2009). 134692801,Astyanax utiariti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,utiariti,,,,,"Bertaco & Garutti, 2007",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. A espécie faz parte do complexo Astyanax bimaculatus. 134692825,Astyanax xavante,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,xavante,,,,,"Garutti & Venere, 2009",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Outro nome comum: Pe’auptabi (Xavante). 134692861,Astyanax xiru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,xiru,,,,,"Lucena, Castro & Bertaco, 2013","Lucena et al. (2013) relatam que Astyanax xiru tem algumas características que definem o complexo de espécies Astyanax scabripinnis (sensu Bertaco e Lucena 2006 apud Lucena et al. 2013). Entretanto, os autores decidiram não considerá-la como pertencente ao complexo pela presença de um focinho relativamente pontudo, uma cabeça menos massiva e um corpo mais alto na vertical até a origem da nadadeira dorsal. Mas isso não se opõe ao fato de que a espécie pode ser, de fato, relacionada ao complexo de espécies Astyanax scabripinnis." 134693137,Atlantirivulus guanabarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,guanabarensis,,,,,"Costa, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134693175,Atlantirivulus maricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,maricensis,,,,,"Costa, 2014", 134693870,Atlantirivulus paranaguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,paranaguensis,,,,,"Costa, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134693883,Atlantirivulus ribeirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Atlantirivulus,ribeirensis,,,,,"Costa, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134693914,Auchenipterus fordicei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterus,fordicei,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134693933,Auchenipterus menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterus,menezesi,,,,,"Ferraris & Vari, 1999","Segundo Ferraris e Vari (1999), anteriormente à descrição de Auchenipterus menezesi, a espécie estava sendo reportada em algumas publicações como A. nuchalis. As duas espécies podem ser facilmente confundidas baseado apenas na morfologia externa. O principal caráter diagnóstico entre as duas espécies é o número menor de rastros branquiais 32-36 (vs. 37-47) em A. menezesi." 134694104,Australoheros acaroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,acaroides,,,,,"(Hensel, 1870)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694154,Australoheros capixaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,capixaba,,,,,"Ottoni, 2010","Australoheros é um gênero com diversas espécies descritas nos últimos anos. Entretanto, as descrições não são suficientemente detalhadas a ponto de permitirem o reconhecimento das diversas formas distribuídas em várias bacias do leste brasileiro. Esse é o caso da bacia do rio Doce, onde 3 espécies foram descritas (A. perdi, A. ipatinguensis e A. capixaba). Há uma necessidade clara de revisão das mesmas, principalmente, incluindo exemplares provenientes de áreas entre as localidades tipo." 134694172,Australoheros charrua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,charrua,,,,,"Říčan & Kullander, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694186,Australoheros mattosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,mattosi,,,,,"Ottoni, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694199,Australoheros montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,montanus,,,,,"Ottoni, 2012","As espécies do gênero Australoheros eram tratadas até recentemente como Cichlasoma facetum, esta amplamente distribuída do estado da Bahia, Brasil, ao Uruguai. A partir de 2008, foram descritas numerosas espécies dentro da amplitude de distribuição de C. facetum, com base em material-tipo de representatividade geográfica restrita." 134694223,Australoheros perdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,perdi,,,,,"Ottoni, Lezama, Triques, Fragoso-Moura, Lucas & Barbosa, 2011","Australoheros é um gênero com diversas espécies descritas nos últimos anos. Entretanto, as descrições não são suficientemente detalhadas que permitam o pronto reconhecimento das diversas formas distribuídas em várias bacias do leste brasileiro. Esse é o caso da bacia do rio Doce, onde 3 espécies foram descritas (A. perdi, A. ipatinguensis e A. capixaba). Há uma necessidade clara de revisão das mesmas, principalmente incluindo exemplares provenientes de áreas entre as localidades tipo. Existem registros de Australoheros em diversos outros pontos da bacia do rio Doce, mas que se tratam de Cichlasoma facetum (F. Vieira com. pess.)." 134694239,Australoheros sanguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,sanguineus,,,,,"Ottoni, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694260,Australoheros tavaresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,tavaresi,,,,,"Ottoni, 2012","Australoheros tavaresi foi descrita por Ottoni (2012) utilizando apenas 13 exemplares coletados na bacia do alto rio Tietê, estado de São Paulo. Anteriormente era identificada como Cichlasoma facetum (Jenyns 1842), que tinha uma ampla distribuição na bacia do Prata e bacias costeiras brasileiras. Contudo, Rícan e Kullander (2006) através de análises morfológicas e moleculares demonstraram que se tratava de um complexo de espécies pertencentes a um novo gênero, Australoheros, que foi proposto por eles. Depois disso, várias espécies de Australoheros foram descritas, incluindo A. tavaresi." 134694345,Baryancistrus chrysolomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Baryancistrus,chrysolomus,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel, Zuanon & Ribeiro de Oliveira, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. 134694428,Baryancistrus xanthellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Baryancistrus,xanthellus,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel, Zuanon & Ribeiro de Oliveira, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Não há sinonímia. 134694454,Batrochoglanis melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Batrochoglanis,melanurus,,,,,"Shibatta & Pavanelli, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694511,Biotoecus opercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Biotoecus,opercularis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1875)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694554,Bivibranchia notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEMIODONTIDAE,Bivibranchia,notata,,,,,"Vari & Goulding, 1985",A taxonomia da espécie está estabelecida (Langeani com. pess. 2012). Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694582,Brachychalcinus parnaibae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Brachychalcinus,parnaibae,,,,,"Reis, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694619,Brachyglanis microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Brachyglanis,microphthalmus,,,,,"Bizerril, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694655,Brachyglanis nocturna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Brachyglanis,nocturna,,,,,"Myers, 1928",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134694771,Brachyrhamdia rambarrani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Brachyrhamdia,rambarrani,,,,,"(Axelrod & Burgess, 1987)","Descrita como Pimelodella rambarrani (Axelrod 1987). Transferida para Brachyrhamdia por (Bockmann 1998) e (Bockmann e Guazzelli 2003), sem argumentos que justificassem tal ação. Nomes Antigos: Brachyrhamdia rambarrani (Bockmann e Guazzelli 2003), Pimelodella rambarrani (Axelrod 1987)." 134694849,Brittanichthys axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Brittanichthys,axelrodi,,,,,"Géry, 1965",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830669,Brochiloricaria macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Brochiloricaria,macrodon,,,,,"(Kner, 1853)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Loricaria macrodon (Kner 1853). 134695006,Brycon gouldingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,gouldingi,,,,,"Lima, 2004", 167744,Brycon orthotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,orthotaenia,,,,,"Günther, 1864",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134695372,Knodus tanaothoros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,tanaothoros,,,,,"(Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns, 2005)",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134695436,Knodus weitzmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,weitzmani,,,,,"(Menezes, Netto-Ferreira & Ferreira, 2009)",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134695609,Bryconamericus novae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,novae,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1914",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134695693,Bryconexodon juruenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconexodon,juruenae,,,,,"Géry, 1980",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134695722,Bryconexodon trombetasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconexodon,trombetasi,,,,,"Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, 1991",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134695982,Bryconops durbinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,durbinae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1908)","É possível que B. durbinae seja um sinônimo-sênior de B. disruptus, porém um estudo taxonômico precisa ser feito para confirmar essa possibilidade. Trata-se de um species inquirenda (F.C.T. de Lima com. pess. 2014)." 134696024,Bryconops piracolina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,piracolina,,,,,"Wingert & Malabarba, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134696312,Bunocephalus erondinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,erondinae,,,,,"Cardoso, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134696337,Caenotropus schizodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHILODONTIDAE,Caenotropus,schizodon,,,,,"Scharcansky & Lucena, 2007","Nenhuma proposta sinonímica encontrada. Existem incertezas sobre a validade de C. schizodon (R.P. Vari com. pess. 2013). A espécie pode ser facilmente confundida com Caenotropus labyrinthicus. Estudos futuros com populações de ambas as espécies, de diferentes drenagens amazônicas, irão fornecer evidências da validade de C. schizodon. No entanto, para fins desta avaliação a espécie foi considerada válida." 134696360,Caiapobrycon tucurui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Caiapobrycon,tucurui,,,,,"Malabarba & Vari, 2000",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134696536,Centrodoras hasemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Centrodoras,hasemani,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1915)",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134696713,Centromochlus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Centromochlus,meridionalis,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares, Cabeceira, Carvalho, Zuanon & Akama, 2013",Não há limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134696779,Centromochlus schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Centromochlus,schultzi,,,,,"Rössel, 1962",Não há sinonímia assinalada na literatura recente. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134696816,Centromochlus simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Centromochlus,simplex,,,,,"(Mees, 1974)",Alocado como espécie Incertae sedis em Centromochlinae por (Sarmento-Soares e Martins-Pinheiro 2008). 167678,Cephalosilurus fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Cephalosilurus,fowleri,,,,,"Haseman, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134697353,Cetopsidium ferreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsidium,ferreirai,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímias. 134697462,Cetopsis arcana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,arcana,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134697508,Cetopsis caiapo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,caiapo,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134697520,Cetopsis sandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,sandrae,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134697539,Cetopsis sarcodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,sarcodes,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005","Nomes Antigos: Bathycetopsis oliveirai Lundberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon." 134697565,Chaetostoma jegui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,jegui,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel, 1991","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Nomes Antigos: Chaetostomus vittatus (Steindachner 1881), Peckoltia kuhlmanni (Miranda Ribeiro 1920), Peckoltichthys kuhlmanni (Miranda Ribeiro 1920)." 134697606,Chalceus spilogyros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHALCEIDAE,Chalceus,spilogyros,,,,,"Zanata & Toledo-Piza, 2004",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167703,Characidium lanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,lanei,,,,,"Travassos, 1967",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167646,Characidium schubarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,schubarti,,,,,"Travassos, 1955",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167796,Characidium stigmosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,stigmosum,,,,,"Melo & Buckup, 2002",Espécie bem delimitada morfologicamente em sua descrição original (P. Buckup com. pess. 2012). Não há sinonímia. 134698141,Characidium grajahuense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,grajahuense,,,,,"Travassos, 1944", 134698162,Characidium litorale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,litorale,,,,,"Leitão & Buckup, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134698175,Characidium mirim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,mirim,,,,,"Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli & Buckup, 2013","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Characidium mirim é membro do Clado C4 (Buckup 1993) junto com C. bahiensis, C. interruptum, C. lagosantense, C. nupelia, C. lanei, C. laterale, C. occidentale, C. orientale, C. rachovii, C. stigmosum, C. vestigipinne e C. xavante (Netto-Ferreira et al. 2013)." 134698199,Characidium nupelia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,nupelia,,,,,"da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134698227,Characidium papachibe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,papachibe,,,,,"Peixoto & Wosiacki, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134698245,Characidium samurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,samurai,,,,,"Zanata & Camelier, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134698259,Characidium xavante,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,xavante,,,,,"da Graça, Pavanelli & Buckup, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 134699900,Charax michaeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,michaeli,,,,,"Lucena, 1989",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. O gênero foi revisado por Menezes e Lucena (2014). 134699919,Charax niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,niger,,,,,"Lucena, 1989",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. O gênero foi revisado por Menezes e Lucena (2014). 49829687,Charax pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,pauciradiatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. O gênero foi revisado por Menezes e Lucena (2014). 134700187,Cheirodon macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,macropterus,,,,,"Fowler, 1941","Espécie incertae sedis em Characidae, mas não válido em Cheirodon (Reis et al. 2003). Cheirodon macropterus não é um Cheirodontinae, mas membro do “clado Hemigrammus” sensu (Mirande 2010), como Cheirodon jaguaribensis." 134700361,Cheirodon stenodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodon,stenodon,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1915","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Odontostilbe stenodon (Eigenmann, 1915)." 134700457,Chilodus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHILODONTIDAE,Chilodus,gracilis,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1988","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Até o presente momento a espécie é considerada válida, mas estudos futuros são necessários para confirmar sua validade, uma vez que as espécies do gênero são muito parecidas entre si e o único caráter que diferencia Chilodus gracilis de C. punctatus é a altura do corpo e da faixa longitudinal, que é mais larga em C. gracilis (Isbrücker e Nijssen 1988)." 134700499,Cichla jariina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,jariina,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Comuns: toekoenali (Suriname), lukanani (Guiana)." 134700607,Cichla kelberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,kelberi,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700631,Cichla melaniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,melaniae,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700648,Cichla mirianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,mirianae,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700711,Cichla pinima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,pinima,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700735,Cichla piquiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,piquiti,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700770,Cichla thyrorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,thyrorus,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700792,Cichla vazzoleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,vazzoleri,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 2006","Não há problemas taxonômicos, porém Cichla vazzoleri pode ser confundida com outras espécies." 134700839,Cichlasoma araguaiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichlasoma,araguaiense,,,,,Kullander 1983,Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700855,Cichlasoma orientale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichlasoma,orientale,,,,,"Kullander, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134700874,Cichlasoma zarskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichlasoma,zarskei,,,,,"Ottoni, 2011","Não é possível afirmar se Cichlasoma zarskei é uma espécie válida, provavelmente se trata de um sinônimo-júnior de C. orientale (W. J. da Graça com. pess. 2013)." 134701062,Cnesterodon septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Cnesterodon,septentrionalis,,,,,"Rosa & Costa, 1993",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 167723,Copionodon pecten,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Copionodon,pecten,,,,,"de Pinna, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134701327,Corumbataia tocantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Corumbataia,tocantinensis,,,,,"Britski, 1997",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 134701443,Corumbataia veadeiros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Corumbataia,veadeiros,,,,,"Carvalho, 2008",Sinonímia desconhecida. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 167789,Corydoras cervinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,cervinus,,,,,"Rössel, 1962",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167635,Corydoras ehrhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,ehrhardti,,,,,"Steindachner, 1910",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167668,Corydoras gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,gracilis,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830232,Corydoras polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,polystictus,,,,,"Regan, 1912",Corydoras polystictus é mimética com C. albolineatus. Ela tem um sinônimo que é Corydoras virescens Miranda Ribeiro 1912 e que não se sabe a validade desse nome. 49829517,Corydoras reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,reticulatus,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1938",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830682,Corydoras xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,xinguensis,,,,,"Nijssen, 1972",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702018,Corydoras apiaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,apiaka,,,,,"Espíndola, Spencer, Rocha & Britto, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702048,Corydoras araguaiaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,araguaiaensis,,,,,"Sands, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702071,Corydoras areio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,areio,,,,,"Knaack, 2000","A espécie apresenta um problema taxonômico, sendo identificada como Corydoras aurofrenatus, nunca como Corydoras areio." 134702090,Corydoras bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,bifasciatus,,,,,"Nijssen, 1972",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830735,Corydoras britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,britskii,,,,,"(Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1983)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702170,Corydoras burgessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,burgessi,,,,,"Axelrod, 1987",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702188,Corydoras carlae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,carlae,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702213,Corydoras cochui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,cochui,,,,,"Myers & Weitzman, 1954",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702238,Corydoras crimmeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,crimmeni,,,,,"Grant, 1997",Não há sinonímias. A descrição da espécie assinala uma localidade-tipo insegura e todo o material-adicional é proveniente de aquaristas e conhecido apenas em sites de divulgação (e.g. www.corydorasforum.de). 134702270,Corydoras davidsandsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,davidsandsi,,,,,"Black, 1987",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702401,Corydoras julii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,julii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1906","As subpopulações do baixo Amazonas podem não se tratar de Corydoras julii propriamente dita, caracterizando-se como um complexo de espécies que carece de revisão taxonômica." 134702420,Corydoras lacrimostigmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,lacrimostigmata,,,,,"Tencatt, Britto & Pavanelli, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702437,Corydoras lymnades,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,lymnades,,,,,"Tencatt, Vera-Alcaraz, Britto & Pavanelli, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702474,Corydoras maculifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,maculifer,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1971",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702489,Corydoras narcissus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,narcissus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1980",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702594,Corydoras ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,ornatus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702631,Corydoras ourastigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,ourastigma,,,,,"Nijssen, 1972",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702649,Corydoras pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,pulcher,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1973",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702696,Corydoras robineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,robineae,,,,,"Burgess, 1983",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702782,Corydoras robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,robustus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1980",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702794,Corydoras sarareensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,sarareensis,,,,,"Dinkelmeyer, 1995",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702806,Corydoras schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,schwartzi,,,,,"Rössel, 1963",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702853,Corydoras serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,serratus,,,,,"Sands, 1995",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702866,Corydoras similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,similis,,,,,"Hieronimus, 1991",Não há sinonímias. A espécie é par mimético de Corydoras ourastigma. 134702879,Corydoras treitlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,treitlii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1906",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134702905,Corydoras urucu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,urucu,,,,,"Britto, Wosiacki & Montag, 2009",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829593,Creagrutus anary,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,anary,,,,,"Fowler, 1913","Não há sinonímia. Não existem considerações taxonômicas, sendo que a espécie está redescrita em Vari e Harold (2001)." 167791,Creagrutus britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,britskii,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703621,Creagrutus atrisignum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,atrisignum,,,,,"Myers, 1927",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703638,Creagrutus cracentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,cracentis,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703659,Creagrutus figueiredoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,figueiredoi,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703714,Creagrutus ignotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,ignotus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703744,Creagrutus menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,menezesi,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703774,Creagrutus molinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,molinus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703789,Creagrutus mucipu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,mucipu,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Não há sinonímia. Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703811,Creagrutus nigrotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,nigrotaeniatus,,,,,"Dagosta & Pastana, 2014","Creagrutus nigrotaeniatus tem dimorfismo sexual, apresentando ganchos nas nadadeiras pélvicas (Dagosta e Pastana 2014)." 134703830,Creagrutus petilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,petilus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703848,Creagrutus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,saxatilis,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134703871,Creagrutus seductus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,seductus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167705,Crenicichla prenda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,prenda,,,,,"Lucena & Kullander, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829921,Crenicichla regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,regani,,,,,"Ploeg, 1989","Não há uma diagnose precisa da espécie. Crenicichla regani está amplamente distribuída pela bacia amazônica, entretanto é confundida com outras espécies de outros grupos que não pertencem ao grupo das pequenas Crenicichla (o grupo “wallacii” sensu  Ploeg 1991). Warzel (1996) aponta variações no padrão de coloração de C. regani em distintas bacias hidrográficas. Entretanto, não são observadas grandes variações quanto à proporção morfolófica ou merística entre estas populações de distintas bacias, sendo a variação do colorido possivelmente uma especiação devido o isolamento entre cada população." 49829841,Crenicichla santosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,santosi,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134704422,Crenicichla acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,acutirostris,,,,,"Günther, 1862",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134704446,Crenicichla adspersa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,adspersa,,,,,"Heckel, 1840",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134704473,Crenicichla cametana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,cametana,,,,,"Steindachner, 1911",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134704485,Crenicichla chicha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,chicha,,,,,"Varella, Kullander & Lima, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímias. 134704522,Crenicichla compressiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,compressiceps,,,,,"Ploeg, 1986",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134704597,Crenicichla cyclostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,cyclostoma,,,,,"Ploeg, 1986","A espécie pode ser confundida, por não especialistas, com outras espécies do grupo reticulata que ocorrem na região ou em regiões próximas (e.g. Crenicichla caetana e Crenicichla stocki) pelo padrão de colorido reticulado do corpo (P.M. Ito e H.R. Varella obs. pess.)." 134704688,Crenicichla hemera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,hemera,,,,,"Kullander, 1990","Crenicichla guentheri Ploeg, 1991, sinônimo júnior. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon." 134704713,Crenicichla hummelincki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,hummelincki,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134704747,Crenicichla inpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,inpa,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991","Há variação conhecida na morfologia e padrão de colorido de exemplares provenientes de diferentes localidades na Amazônia, que apontam para possível existência de um complexo de espécies, ou forte estruturação das subpopulações. Entretanto, na ausência de evidências conclusivas, para fins desta avaliação C. inpa foi tratada como uma única espécie." 134704798,Crenicichla isbrueckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,isbrueckeri,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991",Não há problemas taxonômicos. 134704853,Crenicichla jegui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,jegui,,,,,"Ploeg, 1986", 134704878,Crenicichla labrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,labrina,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1831)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705023,Crenicichla marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,marmorata,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1904",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705072,Crenicichla niederleinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,niederleinii,,,,,"(Holmberg, 1891)","Crenicichla niederleinii é possivelmente nomen dubium (Varella 2011), em função das dúvidas taxonômicas com relação a outras espécies do gênero no seu âmbito de distribuição, que estão sendo estudados." 134705099,Crenicichla notophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,notophthalmus,,,,,"Regan, 1913","Pode ser confundido com Crenicichla wallacii, pela semelhança morfológica e no padrão de cores (faixas verticais), sendo que as duas espécies são simpátricas no médio e baixo rio Negro." 134705133,Crenicichla pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,pellegrini,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705157,Crenicichla percna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,percna,,,,,"Kullander, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímias. 134705170,Crenicichla phaiospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,phaiospilus,,,,,"Kullander, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705188,Crenicichla pydanielae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,pydanielae,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991",A espécie é de difícil identificação e pode ser confundida com outras espécies de Crenicichla do grupo “ saxatilis”. Não há sinonímia. 134705209,Crenicichla rosemariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,rosemariae,,,,,"Kullander, 1997",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705223,Crenicichla stocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,stocki,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991","Existem dúvidas sobre a validade da espécie, não sendo possível diferenciá-la de Crenicichla  reticulata. Não há sinonímia." 134705247,Crenicichla strigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,strigata,,,,,"Günther, 1862",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705286,Crenicichla tigrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,tigrina,,,,,"Ploeg, Jégu & Ferreira, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705304,Crenicichla urosema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,urosema,,,,,"Kullander, 1990", 134705368,Crenicichla virgatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,virgatula,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 134705398,Curimata acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimata,acutirostris,,,,,"Vari & Reis, 1995",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705438,Curimata macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimata,macrops,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829917,Curimatopsis microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimatopsis,microlepis,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134705555,Cynolebias griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,griseus,,,,,"Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990", 134705605,Cynolebias parnaibensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,parnaibensis,,,,,"Costa, Ramos, Alexandre & Ramos, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134707434,Cynopotamus juruenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cynopotamus,juruenae,,,,,"Menezes, 1987",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134707469,Cynopotamus tocantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cynopotamus,tocantinensis,,,,,"Menezes, 1987",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134707499,Cynopotamus xinguano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cynopotamus,xinguano,,,,,"Menezes, 2007",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830228,Cyphocharax mestomyllon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,mestomyllon,,,,,"Vari, 1992",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134707864,Cyphocharax gangamon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,gangamon,,,,,"Vari, 1992",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134707899,Cyphocharax pinnilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,pinnilepis,,,,,"Vari, Zanata & Camelier, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134708088,Cyphocharax signatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,signatus,,,,,"Vari, 1992",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134708143,Cyphocharax stilbolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,stilbolepis,,,,,"Vari, 1992",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134708401,Dekeyseria amazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dekeyseria,amazonica,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985","Uma revisão taxonômica está sendo realizada e os limites da espécie aparentemente serão alterados. A ampla distribuição geográfica de D. amazonica na bacia Amazônica parece compreender uma grande variação morfológica ou novas classificações taxonômicas. O grupo certamente é válido, entretanto, exemplares provenientes da bacia do rio Madeira e do rio Tocantins possuem morfologia bem diferente da descrição da espécie e, portanto, pode corresponder a um novo táxon. Em decorrência disso, o grupo requer uma nova avaliação mais futuramente (Ronnayana Rayla Silva com. pess.)." 134708911,Denticetopsis epa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Denticetopsis,epa,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167783,Deuterodon singularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,singularis,,,,,"Lucena & Lucena, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134709144,Dianema urostriatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Dianema,urostriatum,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1912)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134709228,Diapoma pyrrhopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Diapoma,pyrrhopteryx,,,,,"Menezes & Weitzman, 2011","A princípio, não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Hipóteses prévias de relações filogenéticas entre os gêneros de Diapomini, Planaltina, Diapoma e Acrobrycon são discutidas com base em informações morfológicas preliminares (Menezes et al. 2011). É proposto que o grupo a que pertencem, Diapomini, seja monofilético.


" 134709258,Diapoma thauma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Diapoma,thauma,,,,,"Menezes & Weitzman, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134709334,Dicrossus foirni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dicrossus,foirni,,,,,"Römer, Hahn & Vergara, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 134709413,Dicrossus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dicrossus,maculatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1875",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134709484,Dicrossus warzeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dicrossus,warzeli,,,,,"Römer, Hahn & Vergara, 2010",Espécie descrita recentemente. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134709535,Doras higuchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Doras,higuchii,,,,,"Sabaj Pérez & Birindelli, 2008","Ocasionalmente identificada como Doras carinatus (Buckup et al. 2007, Sabaj e Ferraris Jr. 2003). Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon." 134709560,Doras zuanoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Doras,zuanoni,,,,,"Sabaj Pérez & Birindelli, 2008",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134709744,Eigenmannia vicentespelaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,vicentespelaea,,,,,"Triques, 1996", 134709767,Entomocorus melaphareus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Entomocorus,melaphareus,,,,,"Akama & Ferraris, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167755,Epactionotus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Epactionotus,gracilis,,,,,"Reis & Schaefer, 1998",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167800,Eurycheilichthys limulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Eurycheilichthys,limulus,,,,,"Reis & Schaefer, 1998",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134710131,Exastilithoxus hoedemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Exastilithoxus,hoedemani,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1985",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134710524,Farlowella hasemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,hasemani,,,,,"Eigenmann & Vance, 1917",Há incerteza taxonômica. 134710618,Farlowella henriquei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,henriquei,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1918","Farlowella henriquei é muito semelhante à Farlowella amazona e em uma revisão (Retzer e Page, 1997) foi ressaltado o fato de serem espécies muito próximas." 134710638,Farlowella isbruckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,isbruckeri,,,,,"Retzer & Page, 1997","Existem poucos registros de Farlowella isbruckeri no Brasil. A espécie carece de estudos taxonômicos, pois a identificação do gênero é muito complicada. Além da série tipo só existem 2 registros da espécie para o estado de Santa Catarina, que estão incorretos (Grupo de Avaliação, com. pess.)." 134710667,Farlowella jauruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,jauruensis,,,,,"Eigenmann & Vance, 1917",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134710793,Farlowella schreitmuelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,schreitmuelleri,,,,,"Arnold, 1936",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 134710947,Fluviphylax obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Fluviphylax,obscurus,,,,,"Costa, 1996",Espécie descrita originalmente como Fluviphylax obsucurum.  Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711058,Fluviphylax pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Fluviphylax,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Myers & Carvalho, 1955)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711088,Fluviphylax simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Fluviphylax,simplex,,,,,"Costa, 1996",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711114,Fluviphylax zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Fluviphylax,zonatus,,,,,"Costa, 1996",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711293,Furcodontichthys novaesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Furcodontichthys,novaesi,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel, 1981",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 49830747,Gasteropelecus levis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,GASTEROPELECIDAE,Gasteropelecus,levis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711357,Geophagus altifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,altifrons,,,,,"Heckel, 1840",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711381,Geophagus argyrostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,argyrostictus,,,,,"Kullander, 1991",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711411,Geophagus neambi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,neambi,,,,,"Lucinda, Lucena & Assis, 2010",Identificado erroneamente como Geophagus altifrons ou Geophagus proximus. 134711444,Geophagus parnaibae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,parnaibae,,,,,"Staeck & Schindler, 2006",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 134711522,Geophagus sveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,sveni,,,,,"Lucinda, Lucena & Assis, 2010",Pode ser erroneamente identificado com Geophagus altifrons. 134711555,Gladioglanis anacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Gladioglanis,anacanthus,,,,,"Rocha, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167758,Glanapteryx niobium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Glanapteryx,niobium,,,,,"de Pinna, 1998",Sinonímias desconhecidas. 182568,Alestes baremoze,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestes,baremoze,,,,,"(Joannis, 1835)", 182128,Alestes dentex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestes,dentex,,,,,(Linnaeus 1758), 182186,Arnoldichthys spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Arnoldichthys,spilopterus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 182627,Brycinus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 182099,Brycinus carolinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,carolinae,,,,,"(Paugy & Lévêque, 1981)", 182125,Bryconalestes derhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bryconalestes,derhami,,,,,"(Géry & Mahnert, 1977)", 182946,Brycinus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,intermedius,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 181949,Brycinus leuciscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,leuciscus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 182330,Bryconalestes longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bryconalestes,longipinnis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 181637,Brycinus luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,luteus,,,,,"(Roman, 1966)", 182816,Brycinus macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,macrolepidotus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850", 182462,Brycinus nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Brycinus,nigricauda,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1974)", 182953,Bryconaethiops quinquesquamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Bryconaethiops,quinquesquamae,,,,,"Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1990", 182497,Ladigesia roloffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Ladigesia,roloffi,,,,,"Géry, 1968", 182511,Lepidarchus adonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Lepidarchus,adonis,,,,,"Roberts, 1966", 182764,Micralestes comoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,comoensis,,,,,"Poll & Roman, 1967", 181754,Micralestes eburneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,eburneensis,,,,,"Daget, 1965", 182348,Micralestes humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,humilis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1899","Micralestes humilis is similar to M. stormsi Boulenger, 1902 and M. sardina Poll, 1938, with very slight variations between the three." 181595,Micralestes occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,occidentalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1899)", 169424,Alestopetersius smykalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Alestopetersius,smykalai,,,,,"Poll, 1967", 182658,Hydrocynus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Hydrocynus,brevis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 181710,Micralestes pabrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,pabrensis,,,,,"(Roman, 1966)", 60766,Micralestes stormsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Micralestes,stormsi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182199,Rhabdalestes brevidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Rhabdalestes,brevidorsalis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1921)", 182269,Rhabdalestes septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ALESTIDAE,Rhabdalestes,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)",A group of melanophores above the base of the anal fin is more pronounced than that observed for Micralestes species. 182071,Doumea thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Doumea,thysi,,,,,"Skelton, 1989", 183028,Phractura clauseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Phractura,clauseni,,,,,"Daget & Stauch, 1963", 182350,Amphilius atesuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,atesuensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904",No spines are found in the fins. The species is prevalent in the head water reaches of the rivers where they exist. 182068,Amphilius kakrimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,kakrimensis,,,,,"Teugels, Skelton & Lévêque, 1987", 60848,Amphilius platychir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,platychir,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 182156,Andersonia leptura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Andersonia,leptura,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900","A monotypic genus. species small-sized, elongated body, short and deep head. Position of pelvics below dorsal. Caudal peduncle extremely slender and hard. Principal dorsal and pectoral fin ray minute. A row of bony scutes at each side of back and belly as well as around caudal peduncle." 182709,Paramphilius firestonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Paramphilius,firestonei,,,,,"Schultz, 1942", 181763,Paramphilius teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Paramphilius,teugelsi,,,,,"Skelton, 1989", 181602,Paramphilius trichomycteroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Paramphilius,trichomycteroides,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1907", 167986,Zaireichthys camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Zaireichthys,camerunensis,,,,,"(Daget & Stauch, 1963)", 182809,Ctenopoma kingsleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,kingsleyae,,,,,"Günther, 1896", 182192,Ctenopoma muriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,muriei,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1906)","Western subpopulations of ""Ctenopoma"" muriei are considered as ""Ctenopoma"" houyi by Paugy et al. (2003) based on an unpublished revision of Anabantidae by Norris." 182909,Ctenopoma nebulosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,nebulosum,,,,,"Norris & Teugels, 1990", 182356,Ctenopoma petherici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Ctenopoma,petherici,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 182999,Microctenopoma congicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,congicum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 182983,Microctenopoma lineatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Microctenopoma,lineatum,,,,,"(Nichols, 1923)", 182831,Aphyosemion bitaeniatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,bitaeniatum,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 181757,Aphyosemion bivittatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,bivittatum,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1895)","Subgenus (Chromaphyosemion)." 181875,Aphyosemion bualanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,bualanum,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)","Aphyosemion bualanum, as defined by Scheel (1968), is regarded here as Aphyosemion elberti. Therefore, all scientific as well as popular aquarium articles about Aphyosemion bualanum, published prior to 1990, in fact deal with the species Aphyosemion elberti. Aphyosemion cameronense that was reported in Blache et al. (1964) from the Mayo Kebbi basin of northern Cameroon, might be identical to A. bualanum." 181965,Aphyosemion calliurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,calliurum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","It is in the subgenus Chromaphyosemion." 182666,Aphyosemion splendopleure,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Aphyosemion,splendopleure,,,,,"(Brüning, 1929)","Aphyosemion kouamense Legros, 1999, Aphyosemion melanogaster (Legros, Zentz & Agnèse, 2005), Aphyosemion malumbresi Legros & Zentz, 2006, Aphyosemion erythron (Sonnenberg, 2007) and Aphyosemion ecucuense (Sonnenberg, 2007) form a closely related southern group of species that were all formerly subsumed under Aphyosemion splendopleure (Sonnenberg 2007a; 2007b) and all characterised by numerous red spots in the unpaired fins." 181719,Archiaphyosemion guineense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Archiaphyosemion,guineense,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)", 182273,Nimbapanchax jeanpoli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nimbapanchax,jeanpoli,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1979)", 182839,Epiplatys maeseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,maeseni,,,,,"(Poll, 1941)", 182280,Nimbapanchax petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nimbapanchax,petersi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1882)", 181832,Nimbapanchax viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nimbapanchax,viridis,,,,,"(Ladiges & Roloff, 1973)", 182181,Callopanchax monroviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Callopanchax,monroviae,,,,,"(Roloff & Ladiges, 1972)", 182988,Callopanchax occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Callopanchax,occidentalis,,,,,"(Clausen, 1966)", 181687,Callopanchax toddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Callopanchax,toddi,,,,,"(Clausen, 1966)", 169435,Epiplatys olbrechtsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,olbrechtsi,,,,,"Poll, 1941", 182796,Epiplatys annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,annulatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 182633,Epiplatys barmoiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,barmoiensis,,,,,"Scheel, 1968", 181727,Epiplatys biafranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,biafranus,,,,,"Radda, 1970", 182595,Epiplatys chaperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,chaperi,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1882)",This species has been divided into several subspecies (Wildekamp and Van der Zee 2003). 182306,Epiplatys coccinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,coccinatus,,,,,"Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1982", 182620,Epiplatys dageti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,dageti,,,,,"Poll, 1953", 183000,Epiplatys etzeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,etzeli,,,,,"Berkenkamp, 1975", 181816,Epiplatys fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,fasciolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 182297,Epiplatys grahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,grahami,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","Subgenus (Parepiplatys)." 182673,Epiplatys guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,guineensis,,,,,"Romand, 1994", 182441,Epiplatys hildegardae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,hildegardae,,,,,"Berkenkamp, 1978", 182354,Epiplatys lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,lamottei,,,,,"Daget, 1954", 182080,Epiplatys longiventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,longiventralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 181916,Epiplatys njalaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,njalaensis,,,,,"Neumann, 1976", 182616,Epiplatys roloffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,roloffi,,,,,"Romand,1978", 181853,Epiplatys ruhkopfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,ruhkopfi,,,,,"Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1980", 181552,Epiplatys sexfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,sexfasciatus,,,,,"Gill, 1862","Subgenus (Epiplatys)." 181604,Epiplatys togolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,togolensis,,,,,"Loiselle, 1971", 182262,Epiplatys spilargyreius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Epiplatys,spilargyreius,,,,,"(Duméril, 1861)", 182698,Foerschichthys flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Foerschichthys,flavipinnis,,,,,"(Meinken, 1932)","In Huber (2000) it has been shown that Aplocheilichthys flavipinnis is a junior synonym of Panchax nigeriensis. Therefore all scientific, as well as popular aquarium literature, about Aplocheilichthys flavipinnis or Foerschichthys flavipinnis, published prior to 2000, in fact deals with the species Foerschichthys nigeriensis (Paugy et al. 2003)." 181852,Fundulopanchax arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,arnoldi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 182015,Fundulopanchax filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,filamentosus,,,,,"Meinken, 1933", 182030,Fundulopanchax gardneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,gardneri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","In the wild numerous colour forms exist of which three (Fundulopanchax. g. lacustris, F. g. mamfensis and F. g. nigerianus) have been described as nomina subspecies." 181847,Fundulopanchax gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,gularis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 182668,Fundulopanchax ndianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,ndianus,,,,,"(Scheel, 1968)",This species is in the subgenus Paraphyosemion. 182566,Fundulopanchax powelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,powelli,,,,,"Van der Zee & Wildekamp, 1994", 182151,Fundulopanchax scheeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,scheeli,,,,,"(Radda, 1970)",Subgenus (Pauciradius). 181696,Fundulopanchax sjostedti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,sjostedti,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1895)", 181854,Fundulopanchax spoorenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,spoorenbergi,,,,,"(Berkenkamp, 1976)", 182508,Fundulopanchax walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulopanchax,walkeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 182765,Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,rubroreticulatus,,,,,"Blache & Miton, 1960","

Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus was established as a species by Blache and Miton in 1960, and that status has since been accepted by all authors. Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus is the type species, by original designation, of the genus Zonothobranchius that was erected by Radda in 1969.

" 181800,Fundulosoma thierryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Fundulosoma,thierryi,,,,,"Ahl, 1924",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Nothobranchius but is now considered valid in the genus Fundulosoma. 181886,Scriptaphyosemion brueningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,brueningi,,,,,"(Roloff, 1971)", 182241,Scriptaphyosemion cauveti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,cauveti,,,,,"(Romand & Ozouf-Costaz, 1995)", 182805,Scriptaphyosemion chaytori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,chaytori,,,,,"(Roloff, 1971)", 182821,Scriptaphyosemion etzeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,etzeli,,,,,"(Berkenkamp, 1979)", 181715,Scriptaphyosemion geryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,geryi,,,,,"(Lambert, 1958)", 182925,Scriptaphyosemion roloffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,roloffi,,,,,"(Roloff, 1936)", 181683,Scriptaphyosemion schmitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,schmitti,,,,,"(Romand, 1979)", 182580,Heterotis niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Heterotis,niloticus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 182435,Notoglanidium akiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,akiri,,,,,"(Risch, 1987)", 181796,Auchenoglanis biscutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Auchenoglanis,biscutatus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809)","In Bishai and Khalil (1997), the taxonomic authority is ""Geoffroy, 1827""" 181755,Auchenoglanis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Auchenoglanis,occidentalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","In Bishai and Khalil (1997), the taxonomic authority is ""Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840""" 182237,Bagrus docmak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,docmak,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","Boden et al. (1997) reported Bagrus bajad from the Sanaga River basin and also in museum collections several Lower Guinea Bagrus were labelled as B. bajad. However, based on our findings B. bajad is not present in Lower Guinea. The species may be easily distinguished from Bagrus docmak by its generally higher gill raker number (15-19) and its relatively narrower head [47.5-63.0 (mean: 55.2) % HL]. At present B. bajad has not been collected from the Lower Guinea province although it is known from adjacent West African river basins as the Benue River, the major eastern tributary of the Niger River basin, and the Logone River, one of the major southern tributaries of the Chad River basin." 181697,Bagrus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,filamentosus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924","It is only known by type specimen. Other specimens of this species have been misidentified. Type is aberrant in having a long dorsal, and it will be checked shortly (J. Snoeks pers. comm. 2006)" 182824,Chrysichthys aluuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,aluuensis,,,,,"Risch, 1985",Subgenus (Rheoglanis) 182322,Chrysichthys johnelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,johnelsi,,,,,"Daget, 1959", 181600,Chrysichthys levequei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,levequei,,,,,"Risch, 1988", 182093,Chrysichthys maurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,maurus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",One of the most variable characters of the species is the length of dorsal and caudal fins. Specimens from rivers usually have a longer dorsal fin reaching or exceeding the adipose fin  compared to those from lakes and lagoons (Paugy et al. 2003). 182997,Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,nigrodigitatus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 182044,Chrysichthys teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,teugelsi,,,,,"Risch, 1987", 182745,Chrysichthys walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Chrysichthys,walkeri,,,,,"Günther, 1899", 60359,Clarotes laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Clarotes,laticeps,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1829)",The taxonomic status of the Kenyan subpopulations is uncertain and needs detailed study. 182963,Notoglanidium maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,maculatum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 181821,Notoglanidium thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,thomasi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1916", 182950,Notoglanidium walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,walkeri,,,,,"Günther, 1903", 181809,Parauchenoglanis buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Popta, 1913)", 181590,Parachanna africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Parachanna,africana,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 183172,Parachanna obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Parachanna,obscura,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 181745,Anomalochromis thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Anomalochromis,thomasi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 182795,Chromidotilapia guntheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,guntheri,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1882)","Two subspecies are currently recognized of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Trewavas, 1974) and in the absence of a thorough revisional study we maintain them both here but note that we are unable to discern any trenchant morphological differences between the two subspecies and future work may result in their synonymy." 182463,Gobiocichla wonderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Gobiocichla,wonderi,,,,,"Kanazawa, 1951", 182628,Hemichromis bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,bimaculatus,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 182187,Hemichromis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,fasciatus,,,,,"Peters, 1857","Hemichromis frempongi (Loiselle, 1979) has been mentioned as a synonym of H. fasciatus but previous works in Ghana (Paugy et al. 2003, Dankwa et al. 1999) indicate that the species does not exist. FishBase (2018) indicates that the name has been misapplied" 182783,Hemichromis letourneuxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemichromis,letourneuxi,,,,,"Sauvage, 1880", 182854,Chromidotilapia cavalliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chromidotilapia,cavalliensis,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde & Loiselle, 1971)", 182617,Limbochromis robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Limbochromis,robertsi,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde & Loiselle, 1971)", 182804,Nanochromis dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nanochromis,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1900)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Congochromis but is now considered valid in the genus Nanochromis (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 4840,Mayaheros ericymba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mayaheros,ericymba,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1938)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Cichlasoma urophthalmum ssp. ericymba but is now considered valid as a full species and in the genus Mayaheros. 183121,Serranochromis jallae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Serranochromis,jallae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Serranochromis robustus ssp. jallae but is now restored to full specific rank because of its different shape and colouring compared with S. r. robustus (Gunther, 1864) (Froese and Pauly 2018)" 177912,Enyalius bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,bibronii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 163269,Illex coindetii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Illex,coindetii,,,,,"(Verany, 1839)", 163198,Sthenoteuthis pteropus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Sthenoteuthis,pteropus,,,,,"(Steenstrup, 1855)", 163369,Todaropsis eblanae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,OMMASTREPHIDAE,Todaropsis,eblanae,,,,,"(Ball, 1841)", 174091,Diploglossus lessonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Diploglossus,lessonae,,,,,"Peracca, 1890", 134878739,Acratosaura spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Acratosaura,spinosa,,,,,"Rodrigues, Cassimiro, De Freitas & Santos Silva, 2009", 134878988,Anotosaura collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anotosaura,collaris,,,,,"Amaral, 1933", 166975,Oreochromis niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,niloticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Also reported as Tilapia nilotica (antiquated name). 182388,Pelmatochromis buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelmatochromis,buettikoferi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1894)", 182528,Pelvicachromis humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelvicachromis,humilis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 182647,Pelvicachromis roloffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelvicachromis,roloffi,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1968)", 182389,Pelvicachromis subocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelvicachromis,subocellatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 182648,Pelvicachromis taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pelvicachromis,taeniatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 181561,Pterochromis congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pterochromis,congicus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 182276,Sarotherodon caudomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,caudomarginatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 134881436,Colobosauroides carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Colobosauroides,carvalhoi,,,,,"Soares & Caramaschi, 1998", 156875,Granaria frumentum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHONDRINIDAE,Granaria,frumentum,,,,,"(Draparnaud, 1801)","The species have several subspecies (Fehér et al. 2010, Kokshoorn and Gittenberger 2010), including Granaria frumentum illyrica." 181791,Sarotherodon occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sarotherodon,occidentalis,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)", 181851,Steatocranus irvinei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Steatocranus,irvinei,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1943)", 182902,Thysochromis ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Thysochromis,ansorgii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 181812,Tilapia brevimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tilapia,brevimanus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 183007,Tilapia busumana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tilapia,busumana,,,,,"(Günther, 1903)", 178514,Eurolophosaurus nanuzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Eurolophosaurus,nanuzae,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1981)", 156872,Chondrula macedonica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,macedonica,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914","According to www.faunaeur.org this species has three subspecies: cazanikensis A.J. Wagner 1914 (present in the former Yugoslavia), macedonica A.J. Wagner 1914 (present in the Greek mainland and in Macedonia) and procheuma A.J. Wagner 1914 (present in Macedonia)." 134884763,Heterodactylus lundii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Heterodactylus,lundii,,,,,"Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862", 134884813,Heterodactylus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Heterodactylus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Rodrigues, De Freitas & Silva, 2009", 134885144,Placosoma cipoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Placosoma,cipoense,,,,,"Cunha, 1966", 178446,Placosoma cordylinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Placosoma,cordylinum,,,,,"Tschudi, 1847","Two subspecies are recognized:
P. cordylinum cordylinum Tschudi, 1847
P. cordylinum champsonotus (Werner, 1910)." 156996,Ena concolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Ena,concolor,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1887)", 178549,Enyalius pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,pictus,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1825)", 120689136,Trachylepis atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,atlantica,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1945)", 178279,Calyptommatus confusionibus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Calyptommatus,confusionibus,,,,,"Rodrigues, Zaher & Curcio, 2001", 75882194,Alinda biplicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,biplicata,,,,,"(Montagu, 1803)", 170862,Morlina glabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Morlina,glabra,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 182066,Tylochromis intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,intermedius,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)",Tylochromis intermedius is reported to be sympatric with Tylochromis jentinki (Paugy et al. 2003) 181943,Tylochromis jentinki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,jentinki,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1894)",This species is distinguished from all other Tylochromis occurring in West Africa except T. intermedius by presence of three scale rows (against two) between upper lateral line and the anterior part of lower lateral line (Paugy et al. 2003) 182210,Tylochromis leonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,leonensis,,,,,"Stiassny, 1989", 182137,Tylochromis sudanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tylochromis,sudanensis,,,,,"Daget, 1954", 182861,Citharidium ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharidium,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182293,Citharinus citharus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharinus,citharus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809)", 182725,Citharinus eburneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharinus,eburneensis,,,,,"Daget, 1962",According to Paugy et al. (2003) Citharinus eburennsis is closely related to Citharinus citharus but distinct based on a number of meristic features. 181716,Citharinus latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CITHARINIDAE,Citharinus,latus,,,,,"Müller & Troschel, 1844", 182457,Distichodus brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,brevipinnis,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 182567,Distichodus engycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,engycephalus,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 182860,Distichodus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,rostratus,,,,,"Günther, 1864",Easily confused with Distichodus niloticus except in the number of scales between the origin of dorsal fin and lateral line. It is 18-21 in D. niloticus while it is 15-17 in D. rostratus. 182597,Ichthyborus besse,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Ichthyborus,besse,,,,,"(Joannis, 1835)", 182579,Ichthyborus monodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Ichthyborus,monodi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1927)", 181742,Nannaethiops unitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannaethiops,unitaeniatus,,,,,"Günther, 1872",It is distinguished from Neolebias by its complete lateral line. 182447,Nannocharax ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 182857,Nannocharax fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,fasciatus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 181739,Nannocharax latifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,latifasciatus,,,,,"Coenen & Teugels, 1989", 182473,Nannocharax lineomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,lineomaculatus,,,,,"Blache & Miton, 1960", 182220,Nannocharax occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,occidentalis,,,,,"Daget, 1959", 182735,Neolebias ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912", 181844,Neolebias axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,axelrodi,,,,,"Poll & Gosse, 1963", 183014,Neolebias powelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,powelli,,,,,"Teugels & Roberts, 1990", 183035,Neolebias unifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Neolebias,unifasciatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1894", 182872,Paradistichodus dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Paradistichodus,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)", 181846,Phago loricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Phago,loricatus,,,,,"Günther, 1865", 182216,Clarias agboyiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,agboyiensis,,,,,"Sydenham, 1980", 182843,Clarias albopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,albopunctatus,,,,,"Nichols & La Monte, 1953", 182189,Clarias anguillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,anguillaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 182387,Clarias buettikoferi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,buettikoferi,,,,,"Steindachner, 1894", 182542,Clarias buthupogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,buthupogon,,,,,"Sauvage, 1879", 183005,Clarias camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,camerunensis,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1895", 181930,Clarias ebriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,ebriensis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1920", 182188,Clarias jaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,jaensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909", 181818,Clarias lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,lamottei,,,,,"Daget & Planquette, 1967","

This fish is known only from the type specimen collected in a temporary pool connected with the Nzi River, an affluent of the Bandama basin in Côte d’Ivoire (Daget and Planquette 1967) and is most probably a natural hybrid between C. gariepinus and Heterobranchus isopterus (Teugels 2003).

" 182304,Clarias macromystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,macromystax,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 181849,Clarias pachynema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,pachynema,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903","Clarias pachynema is closely related to C. ebriensis. It is possible that these species are synonymous, but since their geographical areas are distinctly separate and no material is available from the intermediate zone, it is better to consider them as separate species" 182517,Clarias salae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,salae,,,,,"Hubrecht, 1881", 182637,Gymnallabes typus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Gymnallabes,typus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 181917,Heterobranchus bidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Heterobranchus,bidorsalis,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809", 181653,Heterobranchus isopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Heterobranchus,isopterus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1863", 182512,Laeviscutella dekimpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Laeviscutella,dekimpei,,,,,"Poll, Whitehead & Hopson, 1965","Laeviscutella dekimpei is closely related to Sierrathrissa leonensis. However, it is distinguished from that taxon by the presence of non-keeled prepelvic scutes with ascending arms, and keeled postpelvic scutes lacking ascending arms as well as by the dorsal fin insertion at midbody above the pelvic fins. Sierrathrissa leonensis has both pre- and postpelvic scutes without keels or ascending arms, and the dorsal fin is situated clearly behind the pelvic insertion." 181746,Sierrathrissa leonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sierrathrissa,leonensis,,,,,"Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969", 182317,Barboides gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barboides,gracilis,,,,,"Brüning, 1929","Barboides gracilis is distinguished from small Barbus species in sight by absence of barbels, absence of lateral line and 1 single nostril in form of 8 at each side of snout." 181585,Enteromius ablabes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,ablabes,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 181835,Enteromius aboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,aboinensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 182972,Enteromius aliciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,aliciae,,,,,"(Bigorne & Lévêque, 1993)", 182924,Enteromius anema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,anema,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 182466,Enteromius anniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,anniae,,,,,"(Lévêque, 1983)", 181905,Enteromius atakorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,atakorensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1957)","Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus atakorensis in Enteromius." 182331,Labeobarbus batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,batesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 181643,Labeobarbus bynni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,bynni,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including northeastern Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) transferred the large-size hexaploid 'Barbus' bynni to the genus Labeobarbus." 182252,Enteromius callipterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,callipterus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 182704,Enteromius camptacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,camptacanthus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus camptacanthus in Enteromius. 181864,Enteromius chlorotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,chlorotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus chlorotaenia in Enteromius. 181929,Labeobarbus gruveli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,gruveli,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1911)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. were further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) placed Barbus gruveli in Labeobarbus." 181721,Clypeobarbus hypsolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Clypeobarbus,hypsolepis,,,,,"(Daget, 1959)",Conway and Stiassny (2008) transferred this species to the genus Clypeobarbus. 11495,Lemniscomys striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lemniscomys,striatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Lemniscomys striatus represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. 182043,Labeobarbus lagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,lagensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. were further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus lagensis in Labeobarbus." 182365,Enteromius macinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,macinensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus macinensis in Enteromius. 182935,Labeobarbus parawaldroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,parawaldroni,,,,,"(Lévêque, Thys van den Audenaerde & Traoré, 1987)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) was restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including north-east Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. were further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) transferred 'Barbus' parawaldroni to the genus Labeobarbus." 182530,Enteromius perince,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,perince,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus perince in Enteromius. 182776,Labeobarbus petitjeani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,petitjeani,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. were further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) transferred 'Barbus' petitjeani to the genus Labeobarbus." 182697,Clypeobarbus pleuropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Clypeobarbus,pleuropholis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 182710,Enteromius pobeguini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,pobeguini,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1911)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus pobeguini in Enteromius. 181766,Enteromius punctitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,punctitaeniatus,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus punctitaeniatus in Enteromius. 181747,Enteromius raimbaulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,raimbaulti,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus raimbaulti in Enteromius." 182154,Labeobarbus sacratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,sacratus,,,,,"(Daget, 1963)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. were further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 181743,Enteromius salessei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,salessei,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1908)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus salessei in Enteromius." 181647,Enteromius stigmatopygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,stigmatopygus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","Doubtful identification. The taxonomic status of the Kenyan populations is not yet fully settled (Seegers et al., unpublished). Records of Barbus perince Ruppell, 1835 and B. neglectus, Boulenger, 1903 (a junior synonym of B. perince according to Banister, 1987) by Greenwood (1966) refer to this species.

The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including northeastern Africa. Most of the African species which are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu. Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus stigmatopygus in Enteromius." 182403,Enteromius subinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,subinensis,,,,,"(Hopson, 1965)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus subinensis in Enteromius. 182826,Enteromius sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,sylvaticus,,,,,"(Loiselle & Welcomme, 1971)","Yang et al. (2015), placed Barbus sylvaticus in Enteromius. This species is easily mistaken for the larvae of other larger Enteromius spp." 182021,Enteromius tiekoroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,tiekoroi,,,,,"(Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182569,Enteromius traorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,traorei,,,,,"(Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182000,Enteromius trispiloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,trispiloides,,,,,"(Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182277,Enteromius trispilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,trispilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182336,Enteromius walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,walkeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182211,Enteromius yeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,yeiensis,,,,,"(Johnsen, 1926)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182932,Labeobarbus wurtzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,wurtzi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1908)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. were further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 181937,Chelaethiops bibie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Chelaethiops,bibie,,,,,"(Joannis, 1835)", 182955,Garra waterloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,waterloti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1935)","Garra waterloti is related to the specimens from the Chad basin identified as G. dembeensis." 181829,Garra dembeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,dembeensis,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)","There has been confusion in the literature between G. dembeensis, G. johnstonii and G. hindii. G. johnstonii is a junior synonym of G. dembeensis (Getahun 2000), but G. hindii differs in having a fully scaled predorsum, belly and chest (Stiassny and Getahun 2007). It does however share two important meristic and morphometric features with G. dembeensis: a high number of scales in the lateral line and a vent located away from the anal fin. This species is also recorded as Garra sp., Discognathus johnstonii Boulenger, 1901 and D. hindii Boulenger, 1905 (two junior synonyms also included in Garra) and D. dembeensis (antiquated binomen) (Seegers et al. 2003)." 182677,Garra lancrenonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,lancrenonensis,,,,,"Blache & Miton, 1960", 182873,Garra trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,trewavasae,,,,,"Monod, 1950","Garra trewavasae Monod, 1950 was previously synonymised on the IUCN Red List with Garra ornata (Nichols & Griscom 1917). This synonymy has been removed and Garra trewavasae Monod, 1950 reinstated as a valid species." 181587,Garra ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,ornata,,,,,"(Nichols & Griscom, 1917)","Garra trewavasae Monod, 1950 was previously synonymised on the IUCN Red List with Garra ornata (Nichols & Griscom 1917). This synonymy has been removed and Garra trewavasae Monod, 1950 reinstated as a valid species." 182874,Labeo alluaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,alluaudi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1933", 182886,Labeo brachypoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,brachypoma,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 182352,Labeo coubie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,coubie,,,,,"Rüppell, 1832", 182328,Labeo curriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,curriei,,,,,"Fowler, 1919", 181548,Labeo parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,parvus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 182984,Labeo roseopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,roseopunctatus,,,,,"Paugy, Guégan & Agnèse, 1990","Labeo roseopunctatus resembles L. senegalensis superficially, but has transversal folds on upper lip (like L. coubie), more scales above and below lateral line, and more dorsal-fin rays. Its validity was confirmed by genetic and parasitologic studies (Paugy et al. 1989)." 182469,Labeo rouaneti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,rouaneti,,,,,"Daget, 1962", 182609,Labeo senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,senegalensis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1842", 182132,Leptocypris crossensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,crossensis,,,,,"Howes & Teugels, 1989", 182337,Leptocypris guineensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,guineensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)", 182076,Leptocypris konkoureensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,konkoureensis,,,,,"Howes & Teugels, 1989", 182880,Leptocypris niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,niloticus,,,,,"(Joannis, 1835)","Also reported as Barilius niloticus (old binomen) (Seegers et al. 2004)," 182160,Leptocypris taiaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Leptocypris,taiaensis,,,,,"Howes & Teugels, 1989", 182878,Opsaridium ubangiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,ubangiense,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1901)", 182012,Prolabeo batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Prolabeo,batesi,,,,,"Norman, 1932", 182737,Raiamas levequei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,levequei,,,,,"Howes & Teugels, 1989", 182265,Raiamas nigeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,nigeriensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1959)","Raiamas nigeriensis maybe sympatric with R. senegalensis and R. steindachneri and has always been mistaken for R. senegalensis, which is the reason for it not being discovered." 182685,Raiamas scarciensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,scarciensis,,,,,"Howes & Teugels, 1989", 182738,Raiamas senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,senegalensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)",Cited by Bishai and Khalil (1997) as Raiamas loati. It may be recorded as Raiamas loati because these two are vicariant forms and may not be truly quite distinct. 182378,Barilius shariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Barilius,shariensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1949",A doubtful species. 182235,Raiamas steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Raiamas,steindachneri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1908)", 182459,Denticeps clupeoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,DENTICIPITIDAE,Denticeps,clupeoides,,,,,"Clausen, 1959", 181764,Kribia kribensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Kribia,kribensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)", 182432,Kribia leonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Kribia,leonensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 181575,Kribia nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Kribia,nana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 182147,Sicydium crenilabrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,crenilabrum,,,,,"Harrison, 1993", 181688,Gymnarchus niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,GYMNARCHIDAE,Gymnarchus,niloticus,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829", 182991,Cromeria occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,KNERIIDAE,Cromeria,occidentalis,,,,,"Daget, 1954","This species had been described from material collected in the Niger basin in west Africa by Daget (1954) as a subspecies of Cromeria nilotica and named it Cromeria nilotica occidentalis. Recently, Timo et al. (2006) distinguish two separate species C. nilotica and C. occidentalis. C. occidentalis is endemic to western Africa." 182641,Malapterurus beninensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,beninensis,,,,,"Murray, 1855","Malapterurus beninensis displays marked variation in pigmentation across its range. It is possible that Malapterurus beninensis is an amalgam of two or three species, but while extreme morphotypes and pigment variants can be quite distinct, there is extensive overlap. Attempts to assign taxonomic significance to this variation were unsuccessful. Cohesive, definable taxa could not be identified in either pattern of variation or geography." 182744,Malapterurus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,barbatus,,,,,"Norris, 2002","Seegers (2008) considers M. barbatus (Norris 2002) as a synonym of M. leonensis (Roberts 2000), because Norris (2002) listed two paratypes of M. leonensis in the specimen list. However, this has no implications for the validity of M. barbatus. Both species should thus be considered as valid." 181992,Malapterurus minjiriya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,minjiriya,,,,,"Sagua, 1987", 181897,Malapterurus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,occidentalis,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 182324,Malapterurus stiassnyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,stiassnyae,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 182394,Malapterurus teugelsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,teugelsi,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 181584,Malapterurus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,punctatus,,,,,"Norris, 2002", 182696,Mastacembelus cryptacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,cryptacanthus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 182478,Mastacembelus liberiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,liberiensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182451,Mastacembelus nigromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,nigromarginatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182040,Mastacembelus praensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,praensis,,,,,"(Travers, 1992)", 182810,Mastacembelus sexdecimspinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,sexdecimspinus,,,,,"(Roberts & Travers, 1986)", 181700,Mastacembelus taiaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,taiaensis,,,,,"(Travers, 1992)", 65080739,Mastacembelus loennbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,loennbergii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898","Mastacembelus loennbergii Boulenger, 1898 was originally described based on five specimens originating from “a muddy rivulet in Bongo, Cameroons” (Lönnberg 1895). According to FishBase, M. cryptacanthus was misapplied as M. loennbergii" 181677,Chiloglanis batesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,batesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 181858,Chiloglanis benuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,benuensis,,,,,"Daget & Stauch, 1963", 182367,Chiloglanis disneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,disneyi,,,,,"Trewavas, 1974", 182910,Chiloglanis lamottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,lamottei,,,,,"Daget, 1948", 182767,Chiloglanis niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,niger,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 182786,Chiloglanis niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,niloticus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 181658,Chiloglanis normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,normani,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1933", 182864,Chiloglanis polyodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,polyodon,,,,,"Norman, 1932", 182343,Chiloglanis polypogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,polypogon,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 181978,Chiloglanis voltae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,voltae,,,,,"Daget & Stauch, 1963", 181713,Microsynodontis polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Microsynodontis,polli,,,,,"Lambert, 1958", 181823,Mochokiella paynei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Mochokiella,paynei,,,,,"Howes, 1980", 182785,Mochokus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Mochokus,brevis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1906", 182551,Mochokus niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Mochokus,niloticus,,,,,"Joannis, 1835", 182042,Synodontis annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,annectens,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 182766,Synodontis ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 181665,Synodontis arnoulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,arnoulti,,,,,"Roman, 1966", 182290,Synodontis bastiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,bastiani,,,,,"Daget, 1948", 182446,Synodontis batensoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,batensoda,,,,,"Rüppell, 1832", 182427,Synodontis budgetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,budgetti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1911", 181958,Synodontis clarias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,clarias,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 182760,Synodontis comoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,comoensis,,,,,"Daget & Lévêque, 1981", 181691,Synodontis courteti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,courteti,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1906", 182098,Synodontis dekimpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,dekimpei,,,,,"Paugy, 1987", 182536,Synodontis eupterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,eupterus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 182009,Synodontis filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,filamentosus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 181856,Synodontis gobroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,gobroni,,,,,"Daget, 1954", 182885,Synodontis guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,guttatus,,,,,"Günther, 1865", 182022,Synodontis koensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,koensis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1933", 181726,Synodontis levequei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,levequei,,,,,"Paugy, 1987", 182288,Synodontis macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Poll, 1971", 182249,Synodontis melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,melanopterus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 182570,Synodontis membranaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,membranaceus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809)", 183025,Synodontis obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,obesus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 181597,Synodontis ocellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,ocellifer,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 181663,Synodontis omias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,omias,,,,,"Günther, 1864","There has been confusion centered around this species as there has not been a life-like identification process carried out since Boulenger in 1911 during which the original description by Gunther was matched to a species from Jebba in the upper Niger, West Africa. This very well could be the same species as S. budgetti from the upper Niger. The difference between the two species is that S. omias has a membrane to the maxillary barbels which S. budgetti lacks but this could be sexual dimorphism (Ferraris 2007, Seegers 2008)." 182678,Synodontis ouemeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,ouemeensis,,,,,"Musschoot & Lalèyè, 2008","This species has been separated from S. schall of which it defers mainly by the width of the pemaxillary toothplate and can be distinguished one from the other by differences in orbit diameter." 182951,Synodontis punctifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,punctifer,,,,,"Daget, 1965", 182979,Synodontis resupinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,resupinatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 181646,Synodontis robbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,robbianus,,,,,"Smith, 1875",Synodontis robbianus is similar to S. nigrita but larger in size. They can be distinguished by the brownish base colour of this species as opposed to the greyer patterning exhibited by S. nigrita. 182928,Synodontis schall,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,schall,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 181741,Synodontis sorex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,sorex,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 182052,Synodontis thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,thysi,,,,,"Poll, 1971", 182632,Synodontis tourei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,tourei,,,,,"Daget, 1962", 181868,Synodontis velifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,velifer,,,,,"Norman, 1935", 182676,Synodontis vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,vermiculatus,,,,,"Daget, 1954", 182870,Synodontis violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,violaceus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1919", 181900,Synodontis waterloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,waterloti,,,,,"Daget, 1962", 182757,Synodontis xiphias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,xiphias,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 181781,Brienomyrus brachyistius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Brienomyrus,brachyistius,,,,,"(Gill, 1862)", 182982,Brienomyrus longianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Brienomyrus,longianalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)","Brienomyrus longianalis is related to Brienomyrus brachyistius, distinguished by longer anal fin in Brienomyrus longianalis and by lower peduncle height to SL ratio." 181705,Brevimyrus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Brevimyrus,niger,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 181945,Campylomormyrus tamandua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Campylomormyrus,tamandua,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 181553,Gnathonemus petersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Gnathonemus,petersii,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",This species is probably heterospecific and further study is required. 167955,Hippopotamyrus castor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,castor,,,,,"Pappenheim, 1906",This species is similar to Hippopotamyrus pictus and Hippopotamyrus paugyi. 167956,Hippopotamyrus harringtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,harringtoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 167958,Hippopotamyrus paugyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,paugyi,,,,,"Lévêque & Bigorne, 1985", 167959,Hippopotamyrus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hippopotamyrus,pictus,,,,,"(Marcusen, 1864)", 2100,Argyresthia castaneella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,ARGYRESTHIIDAE,Argyresthia,castaneella,,,,,"Busck, 1915", 7028,Ectoedemia castaneae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NEPTICULIDAE,Ectoedemia,castaneae,,,,,"Busck, 1913", 7029,Ectoedemia phleophaga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NEPTICULIDAE,Ectoedemia,phleophaga,,,,,"Busck, 1914", 22088,Triaenodes tridontus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,TRICHOPTERA,LEPTOCERIDAE,Triaenodes,tridontus,,,,,"Ross, 1938", 181624,Hyperopisus bebe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Hyperopisus,bebe,,,,,"(La Cepède, 1803)","The name of the author of this species (La Cepède) is spelled in various ways in literature (e,g, Lacépède, Lacepède or Lacepede). However, the title page of Volume 5 of his work of 1803 gives the spelling La Cepède. For this reason the name of this author is spelled here in this way (Seegers et al. 2003)." 182624,Isichthys henryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Isichthys,henryi,,,,,"Gill, 1863", 182416,Marcusenius abadii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,abadii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 182679,Marcusenius brucii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,brucii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","This species is very close to Marcusenius senegalensis meristically, with a difference only in the body form and caudal peduncle." 182989,Marcusenius senegalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,senegalensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)", 182169,Marcusenius cyprinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,cyprinoides,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 181649,Marcusenius deboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,deboensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)","The validity of this species is doubtful (Daget and Iltis 1965, Jégu and Lévêque 1984), and its merisitc features are very close to those of Marcusenius mento." 181733,Marcusenius furcidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,furcidens,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1920)", 182145,Marcusenius mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,mento,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","There are significant differences in the fin ray counts and other meristic descriptors between the forms from Liberia and Sierra-Leone and in Cameroon (Jégu and Lévêque 1984), suggesting either clinal variation, or the possibility of two distinct species." 182980,Marcusenius meronai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,meronai,,,,,"Bigorne & Paugy, 1990", 182602,Marcusenius thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,thomasi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1916)", 182420,Marcusenius ussheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Marcusenius,ussheri,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 182238,Mormyrops breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,breviceps,,,,,"Steindachner, 1894", 182212,Mormyrops engystoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,engystoma,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 182094,Mormyrops oudoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrops,oudoti,,,,,"Daget, 1954", 182292,Mormyrus hasselquistii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,hasselquistii,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847", 182263,Mormyrus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Günther, 1866", 182111,Mormyrus subundulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,subundulatus,,,,,"Roberts, 1989", 182010,Mormyrus thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,thomasi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1938", 135009823,Mormyrus goheeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,goheeni,,,,,"Fowler, 1919",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as a synonym of Mormyrus tapirus but is now considered a valid species. 135010029,Mormyrus tapirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,tapirus,,,,,"Pappenheim, 1905","Mormyrus goheeni previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as a synonym of Mormyrus tapirus but Mormyrus goheeni is now considered a valid species.

Mormyrus tapirus is related to Mormyrus rume and Mormyrus subundulatus, but can be distinguished with longer snout, longer anal fin and 10-15 scales on caudal peduncle." 182996,Petrocephalus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 182703,Petrocephalus levequei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,levequei,,,,,"Bigorne & Paugy, 1990", 182610,Petrocephalus pallidomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,pallidomaculatus,,,,,"Bigorne & Paugy, 1990", 182763,Petrocephalus pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,pellegrini,,,,,"Poll, 1941","This species may be confused with P. bovei from the western Guinean region, but can be distinguished from it by its smaller eye and shorter anal fin base." 182768,Petrocephalus sauvagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,sauvagii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 182486,Petrocephalus soudanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,soudanensis,,,,,"Bigorne & Paugy, 1990", 182174,Petrocephalus tenuicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Petrocephalus,tenuicauda,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1894)", 181684,Pollimyrus adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,adspersus,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 182929,Pollimyrus petricolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,petricolus,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)", 197043,Neochelon falcipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Neochelon,falcipinnis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Liza but is now considered valid in the genus Neochelon. 182604,Polycentropsis abbreviata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POLYCENTRIDAE,Polycentropsis,abbreviata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 181889,Papyrocranus afer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Papyrocranus,afer,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 182400,Xenomystus nigri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Xenomystus,nigri,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 181550,Dalophis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Dalophis,boulengeri,,,,,"(Blache, Cadenat & Stauch, 1970)", 199363,Dalophis cephalopeltis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,OPHICHTHIDAE,Dalophis,cephalopeltis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 183157,Pantodon buchholzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,PANTODONTIDAE,Pantodon,buchholzi,,,,,"Peters, 1876",Recent molecular analyses indicate that Pantodon buchholzi is heterospecific (Lavoué in lit.) and further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomy and distribution of this species complex. 15622590,Citharichthys stampflii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,stampflii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1894)", 181936,Phractolaemus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,PHRACTOLAEMIDAE,Phractolaemus,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 182815,Micropanchax bracheti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,bracheti,,,,,"(Berkenkamp, 1983)","Until recently this species was placed in Aplocheilichthys." 182260,Micropanchax ehrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Micropanchax,ehrichi,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1994)", 181699,Rhexipanchax kabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Rhexipanchax,kabae,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)","Paugy et al. use Rhexipanchax kabae in the second edition of the Fishes of West Africa (2003). Huber (1999) described Rhexipanchax as a subgenus of Procatopus, and Ghedotti (2000) elevated it to genus." 182687,Poropanchax normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poropanchax,normani,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)", 182927,Poropanchax rancureli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poropanchax,rancureli,,,,,"(Daget, 1965)", 182807,Poropanchax scheeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poropanchax,scheeli,,,,,"(Roman, 1971)","The name ‘scheeli’ has frequently, and erroneously, been used for Poropanchax stigmatopygus." 181831,Rhexipanchax schioetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Rhexipanchax,schioetzi,,,,,"(Scheel, 1968)","Paugy et al. use Rhexipanchax kabae in the second edition of the Fishes of West Africa (2003). Huber (1999) described Rhexipanchax as a subgenus of Procatopus, and Ghedotti (2000) elevated it to genus.


" 182124,Poropanchax luxophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poropanchax,luxophthalmus,,,,,"(Brüning, 1929)","It is commonly misidentified as Aplocheilichthys macrophthalmus in scientific literature. There are two subspecies A. macrophthalmus macrophthalmus (Meinken, 1923) and A. m. hamnerzi. The former is widespread while the latter is restricted to Nigeria. A. m. macrophthalmus ranges from Togble-kope in Togo through southern Benin, southern Nigeria and south-western Cameroon." 182943,Procatopus aberrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Procatopus,aberrans,,,,,"Ahl, 1927", 181666,Procatopus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Procatopus,similis,,,,,"Ahl, 1927", 182923,Rhexipanchax lamberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Rhexipanchax,lamberti,,,,,"(Daget, 1962)","Paugy et al. use Rhexipanchax kabae in the second edition of the Fishes of West Africa (2003). Huber (1999) described Rhexipanchax as a subgenus of Procatopus, and Ghedotti (2000) elevated it to genus." 67964953,Melamphaes falsidicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,falsidicus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2011",This species was previously misidentified as Melamphaes microps. 181814,Rhexipanchax nimbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Rhexipanchax,nimbaensis,,,,,"(Daget, 1948)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Procatopus but it is now considered valid in the genus Rhexipanchax. 182479,Erpetoichthys calabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Erpetoichthys,calabaricus,,,,,"Smith, 1865", 182411,Polypterus ansorgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,ansorgii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910", 182701,Polypterus palmas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,palmas,,,,,"Ayres, 1850", 182918,Polypterus retropinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYPTERIFORMES,POLYPTERIDAE,Polypterus,retropinnis,,,,,"Vaillant, 1899",All Polypterus are under revision. 169408,Protopterus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,SARCOPTERYGII,LEPIDOSIRENIFORMES,PROTOPTERIDAE,Protopterus,annectens,,,,,"(Owen, 1839)",Two subspecies are known - P. a. annectens and P. a. brieni. 182333,Irvineia voltae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Irvineia,voltae,,,,,"Trewavas, 1943", 182526,Parailia pellucida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Parailia,pellucida,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 182959,Parailia spiniserrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Parailia,spiniserrata,,,,,"Svensson, 1933", 181620,Pareutropius buffei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Pareutropius,buffei,,,,,"(Gras, 1961)", 181867,Schilbe brevianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,brevianalis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1929)", 181729,Schilbe intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,intermedius,,,,,"Rüppell, 1832","Schilbe intermedius Ruppell, 1832 was described from the lower Nile River in Egypt. As presently recognised, this species has a wide African distribution from the Phongolo River in KwaZulu-Natal north to the Nile and across into parts of west Africa. Taxonomic examination of isolated subpopulations using new techniques, e.g. DNA sequencing, is needed. Schilbe intermedius seems closely related to S. uranoscopus and these species are sympatric in several hydrographic basins." 181675,Schilbe mandibularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,mandibularis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)",Reports from the Congo basin and Wouri River (Cameroon) are based on misidentified specimens of other species (De Vos 1995). 181606,Schilbe micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,micropogon,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1943)", 182534,Schilbe uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Schilbe,uranoscopus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1832","Cited by Bishai and Khalil (1997) as Schilbe (Schilbe) uranoscopus Rüppell, 1829" 181685,Siluranodon auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCHILBEIDAE,Siluranodon,auritus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809)", 182142,Dagetichthys lakdoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Dagetichthys,lakdoensis,,,,,"Stauch & Blanc, 1964", 39300,Monopterus boueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,boueti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1922)", 181574,Ophisternon afrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Ophisternon,afrum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 181807,Tetraodon lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,lineatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Cited by Bishai and Khalil (1997) as Tetrodon linneatus Linnaeus, 1766" 182123,Tetraodon pustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Tetraodon,pustulatus,,,,,"Murray, 1857",Some references to Tetraodon guttifer in the literature may represent misidentifications of Tetraodon pustulatus. 182560,Labeobarbus progenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,progenys,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 182741,Enteromius sublineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,sublineatus,,,,,"(Daget, 1954)",Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus sublineatus in Enteromius. 182323,Enteromius zalbiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,zalbiensis,,,,,"(Blache & Miton, 1960)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 135034141,Enteromius vandewallei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,vandewallei,,,,,"Lederoun & Vreven, 2016", 182549,Elops lacerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,ELOPIDAE,Elops,lacerta,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847","There are no issues regarding the validity of the species, but it should be noted that it is often confused with Elops senegalensis (Whitehead 1990). Elops senegalensis and E. lacerta occur sympatrically across the entire range of E. senegalensis, so further research appears warranted.

Even though Elops lacerta and Elops senegalensis occur sympatrically across the entire range and appear confusing with each other they can always be distinguished by number of scales on the lateral line; 92-100 for E. senegalensis and 72-83 for E. lacerta (Paugy et al. 2003)." 167674,Glanidium catharinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Glanidium,catharinensis,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1962","Glanidium catharinensis é conhecida apenas do holótipo. Até abril de 2013 não existiam outros registros da espécie desde sua descrição. Recentemente, foi encontrado um lote (MCP 29701) com exemplares da localidade tipo, na qual poderá ser feito um estudo detalhado a respeito da validade da espécie. Há fortes evidências, já levantadas por outros autores como Mees (1974), de que esta espécie pode se tratar de um sinônimo júnior de Glanidium ribeiroi (Haseman 1911), (B.B. Calegari com. pess. 2013)." 135056260,Glanidium botocudo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Glanidium,botocudo,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135056375,Gymnotocinclus anosteos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Gymnotocinclus,anosteos,,,,,"Carvalho, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2008",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 49829636,Gymnotus mamiraua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,mamiraua,,,,,"Albert & Crampton, 2001",Gymnotus gr. carapo (Crampton et al. 2003). Nenhuma proposta sinonímica encontrada. 49830155,Gymnotus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,obscurus,,,,,"Crampton, Thorsen & Albert, 2005",Gymnostus gr. pantherinus (Crampton et al. 2005). Nenhuma proposta sinonímica encontrada. 49830435,Gymnotus onca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,onca,,,,,"Albert & Crampton, 2001",Gymnostus gr. pantherinus (Crampton et al. 2005). Nenhuma proposta sinonímica encontrada. 135056424,Gymnotus capanema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,capanema,,,,,"Milhomem, Crampton, Pierczeka, Shetka, Silva & Nagamachi, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 135056436,Gymnotus diamantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,diamantinensis,,,,,"Campos-da-Paz, 2002",Não há sinonímia. 135056451,Gymnotus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,interruptus,,,,,"Rangel-Pereira, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135056470,Gymnotus tiquie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,tiquie,,,,,"Maxime, Lima & Albert, 2011",Gymnostus gr. pantherinus (Crampton et al. 2003). Nenhuma proposta sinonímica encontrada. 135057451,Haemomaster venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Haemomaster,venezuelae,,,,,"Myers, 1927",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135057831,Harttia depressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,depressa,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001", 135057843,Harttia dissidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,dissidens,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001", 135057855,Harttia duriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,duriventris,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 135057868,Harttia punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,punctata,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 135057881,Harttia rhombocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,rhombocephala,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1939",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135057893,Harttia trombetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,trombetensis,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 135057906,Harttia uatumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,uatumensis,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Oliveira, 2001",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. Não há sinonímia. 135057919,Hasemania kalunga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,kalunga,,,,,"Bertaco & Carvalho, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135057931,Hasemania nambiquara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,nambiquara,,,,,"Bertaco & Malabarba, 2007",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135057943,Hasemania piatan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,piatan,,,,,"Zanata & Serra, 2010", 49830080,Hassar affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Hassar,affinis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135057970,Hassar gabiru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Hassar,gabiru,,,,,"Birindelli, Fayal & Wosiacki, 2011",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135057982,Hassar wilderi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Hassar,wilderi,,,,,"Kindle, 1895",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058006,Helogenes gouldingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Helogenes,gouldingi,,,,,"Vari & Ortega, 1986",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058149,Hemiancistrus cerrado,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,cerrado,,,,,"de Souza, Melo, Chamon & Armbruster, 2008",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. 135058186,Ancistomus micrommatos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistomus,micrommatos,,,,,"(Cardoso & Lucinda, 2003)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 135058217,Ancistomus spilomma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistomus,spilomma,,,,,"(Cardoso & Lucinda, 2003)",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. 135058274,Ancistomus spinosissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistomus,spinosissimus,,,,,"(Cardoso & Lucinda, 2003)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. 49830150,Hemigrammus rhodostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,rhodostomus,,,,,"Ahl, 1924",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem questões taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058467,Hemigrammus arua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,arua,,,,,"Lima, Wosiacki & Ramos, 2009",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058495,Hemigrammus ataktos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,ataktos,,,,,"Marinho, Dagosta & Birindelli, 2014",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058517,Hemigrammus diagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,diagonicus,,,,,"Mendonça & Wosiacki, 2011",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon 135058532,Hemigrammus filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,filamentosus,,,,,"Zarske, 2011",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058663,Hemigrammus haraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,haraldi,,,,,"Géry, 1961",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058857,Hemigrammus machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,machadoi,,,,,"Ota, Lima & Pavanelli, 2014",Antes de ser revisada taxonomicamente por Ota (2010) a espécie era identificada erroneamente como Hemigrammus lunatus ou H. maxillaris. 135058870,Hemigrammus silimoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,silimoni,,,,,"Britski & Lima, 2008",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058885,Hemigrammus skolioplatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,skolioplatus,,,,,"Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058923,Hemigrammus tocantinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,tocantinsi,,,,,"Carvalho, Bertaco & Jerep, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135058955,Hemigrammus yinyang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,yinyang,,,,,"Lima & Sousa, 2009",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135059252,Hemiodus tocantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEMIODONTIDAE,Hemiodus,tocantinensis,,,,,"Langeani, 1999",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167730,Hemipsilichthys papillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemipsilichthys,papillatus,,,,,"Pereira, Oliveira & Oyakawa, 2000",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135059726,Henonemus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Henonemus,intermedius,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)","Existem dúvidas sobre a validade de H. intermedius, podendo se tratar de um sinônimo júnior de Henonemus punctatus." 135060074,Hisonotus bocaiuva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,bocaiuva,,,,,"Roxo, Silva, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135060087,Hisonotus bockmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,bockmanni,,,,,"Carvalho & Datovo, 2012","O estado filogenético do gênero Hisonotus, bem como a sua posição dentro de Hypoptopomatinae é atualmente controverso (Carvalho e Datovo 2012). Resultados preliminares dos estudos em curso indicam que as espécies amazônicas alocadas dentro do gênero Hisonotus, juntamente com outras espécies ainda não descritas da mesma região e, talvez, Hisonotus insperatus e Hisonotus piracanjuba, comporiam um novo gênero monofilético dentro do Hypoptopomatinae (Reis com. pes. 2012) (Carvalho e Datovo 2012)." 135060127,Hisonotus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,brunneus,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135060165,Hisonotus chromodontus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,chromodontus,,,,,"Britski & Garavello, 2007",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 135060242,Hisonotus heterogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,heterogaster,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135060496,Curculionichthys luteofrenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,luteofrenatus,,,,,"(Britski & Garavello, 2007)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 135060644,Hisonotus notopagos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,notopagos,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135060878,Curculionichthys oliveirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,oliveirai,,,,,"(Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135060997,Curculionichthys paresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,paresi,,,,,"(Roxo, Zawadzki & Troy, 2014)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135061140,Curculionichthys piracanjuba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,piracanjuba,,,,,"(Martins & Langeani, 2012)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135061228,Hisonotus prata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,prata,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135061251,Hisonotus vireo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,vireo,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 224,Acipenser naccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,naccarii,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1836",There are nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers available for the identification of this species and its hybrids. 225,Acipenser nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,nudiventris,,,,,"Lovetsky, 1828", 227,Acipenser ruthenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,ruthenus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 229,Acipenser stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,stellatus,,,,,"Pallas, 1771", 232,Acipenser gueldenstaedtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,gueldenstaedtii,,,,,"Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833","Molecular studies strongly suggest that Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) is very closely related to Persian Sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), and it may be the case that these two taxa are conspecific. However, this is still under discussion, and currently they are treated as two separate species." 235,Acipenser persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,persicus,,,,,"Borodin, 1897","Molecular studies strongly suggest that Persian Sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is very closely related to Russian Sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) and it cannot be excluded that these two taxa are conspecific. However, this is still under discussion, and currently they are treated as two separate species." 10269,Huso huso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Huso,huso,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Adriatic population described as a subspecies and may have been a conservation unit, is now extinct." 66082596,Loxopholis osvaldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,osvaldoi,,,,,"(Avila-Pires, 1995)", 134888674,Strobilurus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Strobilurus,torquatus,,,,,"Wiegman, 1834", 48280049,Bachia oxyrhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,oxyrhina,,,,,"Rodrigues, Camacho, Sales Nunes, Sousa Recoder, Teixeira Jr., Valdujo, Ghellere, Mott & Nogueira, 2008", 44578559,Cercosaura quadrilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Cercosaura,quadrilineata,,,,,"Boettger, 1876", 134882007,Dryadosaura nordestina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Dryadosaura,nordestina,,,,,"Rodrigues, Xavier Freire, Machado Pellegrino & Sites, 2005", 63488668,Micrablepharus atticolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Micrablepharus,atticolus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1996", 50950806,Stenocercus quinarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,quinarius,,,,,"Nogueira & Rodrigues, 2006", 50950832,Stenocercus squarrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,squarrosus,,,,,"Nogueira & Rodrigues, 2006", 134886307,Scriptosaura catimbau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Scriptosaura,catimbau,,,,,"Rodrigues & Maranhão Dos Santos, 2008", 134886139,Procellosaurinus erythrocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Procellosaurinus,erythrocercus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1991", 134885487,Placosoma glabellum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Placosoma,glabellum,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 66082554,Loxopholis ferreirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Loxopholis,ferreirai,,,,,"(Rodrigues & Avila-Pires, 2005)", 134883908,Eurolophosaurus divaricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Eurolophosaurus,divaricatus,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1986)", 134881188,Colobodactylus taunayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Colobodactylus,taunayi,,,,,"Amaral, 1933", 50010148,Ameivula confusioniba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,confusioniba,,,,,"(Arias, De Carvalho, Rodrigues & Zaher, 2011)", 29474,Tupinambis quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Tupinambis,quadrilineatus,,,,,"Manzani & Abe, 1997", 134883848,Ecpleopus gaudichaudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Ecpleopus,gaudichaudii,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 134881709,Colobosauroides cearensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Colobosauroides,cearensis,,,,,"Cunha, Lima-Verde & Lima, 1991", 134887399,Stenolepis ridleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Stenolepis,ridleyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887", 48280138,Bachia scolecoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,scolecoides,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1961", 50010706,Ameivula venetacauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,venetacauda,,,,,"(Arias, De Carvalho, Rodrigues & Zaher, 2011)", 134879285,Caparaonia itaiquara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Caparaonia,itaiquara,,,,,"Rodrigues, Cassimiro, Pavan, Curcio, Kruth Verdade & Machado Pellegrino, 2009", 50012092,Ameivula pyrrhogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,pyrrhogularis,,,,,"(Basto da Silva & Ávila-Pires, 2013)", 134878005,Acratosaura mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Acratosaura,mentalis,,,,,"(Amaral, 1933)", 50010292,Ameivula jalapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,jalapensis,,,,,"(Colli, Giugliano, Mesquita & Franca, 2009)", 50010572,Ameivula mumbuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,mumbuca,,,,,"(Colli, Caldwell, Costa, Gainsbury, Garda, Mesquita, Filho, Soares, Silva, Valdujo, Vieira, Vitt, Werneck & Widerhecker, 2003)", 134884598,Heterodactylus imbricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Heterodactylus,imbricatus,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 134885009,Nothobachia ablephara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Nothobachia,ablephara,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1984", 50950824,Stenocercus sinesaccus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,sinesaccus,,,,,"Torres-Carvajal, 2005", 49845536,Tropidurus cocorobensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,cocorobensis,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1987", 134878968,Anotosaura vanzolinia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anotosaura,vanzolinia,,,,,"Dixon, 1974", 178526,Ophisops elbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,elbaensis,,,,,"Schmidt & Marx, 1957", 164737,Phrynocephalus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,arabicus,,,,,"Anderson, 1894","Melnikov et al. (2014) recognized four species within what was previously considered Phrynocephalus arabicus, elevating the two recognized subspecies (P. a. macropeltis and P. a. nedjensis) to species level, and describing a new species from Iran: P. ahvazicus. The Reptile Database (Uetz et al. 2018) describes the description of the new species as ""rather confusing"" due to a lack of clarity about the tissue samples used and inconsistencies between the number of specimens studied and those reported in their results. Melnikov et al. (2014) do not formally redescribe P. arabicus or fully diagnose or characterize the distributions of P. macropeltis or P. nedjensis. Additionally, the authors report that morphological differentiation between P. arabicus and P. macropeltis requires further investigation.

The Reptile Database (Uetz et al. 2018) consequently currently recommends rejecting the action of Melnikov et al. (2014) pending further research, and this scheme is followed here. Although Uetz et al. (2018) treat P. ahvazicus as a valid species, recognizing it as distinct would render P. arabicus sensu lato paraphyletic based on the molecular results presented by Melnikov et al. (2014). P. ahvazicus is consequently retained within P. arabicus here." 135388530,Astyanax tamiahua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,tamiahua,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2017", 163606,Libellago stigmatizans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,stigmatizans,,,,,"Sélys, 1859", 163615,Libellago stictica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,stictica,,,,,"Sélys, 1859", 122798610,Heliocypha biseriata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Heliocypha,biseriata,,,,,"(Selys, 1859)","The genus Heliocypha Fraser, 1949 is considered by some taxonomists as a subgenera of Rhinocypha Rambur, 1842; Schorr and Paulson (2018) treat it as a valid genus. Heliocypha biseriata is likely to eventually prove to be synonymous with the widespread H. biforata." 122801715,Rhinocypha aurofulgens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,aurofulgens,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931", 122801935,Rhinocypha cucullata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,cucullata,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 122802104,Rhinocypha moultoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,moultoni,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915",

The miss-association of females with males in the original description (Laidlaw 1915) of R. moultoni is discussed by Hämäläinen (2009).

122802303,Rhinocypha spinifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,spinifer,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931","

Females and atypical males that might or might not be of this species are known from various locations in Sarawak, but in the assessor's view they are more likely to represent one or more additional species and are excluded from the assessment.

" 122802533,Rhinocypha viola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,viola,,,,,"Orr, 2002", 135431199,Oligoaeschna sirindhornae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,sirindhornae,,,,,"Ngiam & Orr, 2017", 135431216,Libellago dorsocyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,dorsocyana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 135431246,Libellago phaethon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,phaethon,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1931)", 135431258,Libellago semiopaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,semiopaca,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 135431294,Sundacypha petiolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Sundacypha,petiolata,,,,,"(Selys, 1859)", 163592,Archibasis oscillans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,oscillans,,,,,"(Sélys, 1877)","

The only record of Archibasis oscillans from Vietnam of which the assessor is aware is on the http://odonatavietnam.blogspot.my website, where it is noted that the anal appendages of the Vietnamese species are not an exact match for A. oscillans and therefore it may not really be that species. For assessment purposes the presence of the species in Vietnam is regarded as in need of confirmation. A subspecies, A. oscillans hanwellanensis, is recognised from Sri Lanka.

" 163658,Teinobasis rajah,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,rajah,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1912", 163720,Archibasis rebeccae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,rebeccae,,,,,"Kemp, 1989",The female of Archibasis rebeccae has not been described. 163779,Amphicnemis martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,martini,,,,,"Ris, 1911","

Amphicnemis dactylostyla (described from Central Kalimantan) and A. martini Lieftinck, 1953 (described from West Kalimantan) are closely related species, differing mainly in details of the superior anal appendages of the males. Forms resembling both species occur in Sarawak and Brunei, as well as similar forms differing in their anal appendage morphology. At present it is not clear how many species are present in the group, and it is even possible that all available specimens merely represent a single, variable species, although the distribution of the different forms seems to rule out simple klinal variation. Until taxonomic progress is made with the group it is best to treat both A. dactylostyla and A. martini as only known from the area of their type localities, to prevent possible vast over estimates of their ranges; this course is followed for assessment purposes here.

" 163811,Amphicnemis pandanicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,pandanicola,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 122150278,Amphicnemis bebar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,bebar,,,,,"Dow, Choong & Ng, 2010", 122150289,Amphicnemis billitonis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,billitonis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 122150297,Amphicnemis dactylostyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,dactylostyla,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953","

Amphicnemis dactylostyla (described from Central Kalimantan) and A. martini Ris, 1911 (described from West Kalimantan) are closely related species, differing mainly in details of the superior anal appendages of the males. Forms resembling both species occur in Sarawak and Brunei, as well as similar forms differing in their anal appendage morphology. At present it is not clear how many species are present in the group, and it is even possible that all available specimens merely represent a single, variable species, although the distribution of the different forms seems to rule out simple klinal variation. Until taxonomic progress is made with the group it is best to treat both A. dactylostyla and A. martini as only known from the area of their type localities, to prevent possible vast over estimates of their ranges; this course is followed for assessment purposes here.

" 122150300,Amphicnemis ecornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,ecornuta,,,,,"Selys, 1889", 122150333,Amphicnemis gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,gracilis,,,,,"Krüger, 1898", 122150342,Amphicnemis hoisen,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,hoisen,,,,,"Dow, Choong & Ng, 2010", 122150345,Amphicnemis kuiperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,kuiperi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 122150358,Amphicnemis mariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,mariae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 122150365,Amphicnemis remiger,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,remiger,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1912", 122150370,Amphicnemis smedleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,smedleyi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1926", 122150381,Amphicnemis wallacii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,wallacii,,,,,"Selys, 1863","

In addition to confirmed A. wallacii, at least two closely allied forms occur in north Borneo. Although it is possible that one or more of these forms actually represent distinct species, in the assessor’s opinion it is much more like that they merely represent geographical variation in a single species and all are treated as A. wallacii for assessment purposes.

" 135431682,Archibasis incisura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,incisura,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 135431688,Archibasis melanocyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,melanocyana,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 135431738,Archibasis tenella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,tenella,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 135431900,Teinobasis angusticlavia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,angusticlavia,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 135431973,Teinobasis aquila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,aquila,,,,,"Theischinger & Kalkman, 2014", 135432048,Teinobasis cryptica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,cryptica,,,,,"Dow, 2010", 135432864,Teinobasis debeauforti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,debeauforti,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 135434027,Teinobasis euglena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,euglena,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1934", 135434059,Teinobasis gracillima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,gracillima,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","

Teinobasis gracillima is only known from the holotype male (Fraser 1926). Lieftinck (1934: 451) states that it is identical with Teinobasis superba (Selys), but the name has persisted in lists of Odonata and Lieftinck’s statement requires confirmation.

" 135434082,Teinobasis kirbyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,kirbyi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1902","

It is possible that Teinobasis kirbyi is the same species as Teinobasis laidlawi Kimmins, 1936. It is also possible (but unlikely) that only the holotype is the true T. kirbyi and the second record (Wilson & Gibert 2005) is another species. These issues are discussed in detail in Dow (2010).

" 135434118,Teinobasis laglaizei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,laglaizei,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 135434145,Teinobasis laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,laidlawi,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936","

It is possible that Teinobasis laidlawi is a junior synonym of Teinobasis kirbyi Laidlaw, 1902. This issue is discussed in detail in Dow (2010). 

" 135434164,Teinobasis lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,lieftincki,,,,,"Theischinger & Kalkman, 2014", 135434650,Teinobasis luciae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,luciae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 135434692,Teinobasis micans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,micans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 135434747,Teinobasis michalskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,michalskii,,,,,"Theischinger & Kalkman, 2014", 135434822,Teinobasis olthofi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,olthofi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 135434974,Teinobasis pretiosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,pretiosa,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 135434994,Teinobasis pulverulenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,pulverulenta,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 135435076,Teinobasis ruficollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,ruficollis,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 135435160,Teinobasis sjupp,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,sjupp,,,,,"Kalkman, 2008", 135435193,Teinobasis splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,splendens,,,,,"Theischinger & Kalkman, 2014", 135435282,Teinobasis tenuis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,tenuis,,,,,"(Martin, 1897)", 135435315,Teinobasis wallacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,wallacei,,,,,"Campion, 1924", 135435479,Elattoneura analis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,analis,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 135435607,Elattoneura aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,aurantiaca,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 135436628,Elattoneura coomansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,coomansi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937","

Elattoneura coomansi has been recorded from India, the first mention of the species from India appears to be that in Prasad & Varshney (1995: 394) who cite Lieftinck (1937) as giving “India” in its range. However Lieftinck (1937) does not mention India in the range of this species, the only mention made of India is (Lieftinck 1937: 80) “By its sombre colours this new species comes closest to E. tetrica (Laid.) and E. nigerrima (Laid.) from Peninsular India”. Subsequently the species has been reported from Nagaland by Joshi & Kunte (2014) but the photograph provided (Image 6g) whilst not adequate for definite identification, shows colour and patterns unlike E. coomansi from Sundaland. It is not clear what species is being reported from Nagaland but in the opinion of the assessor it is very unlikely to be E. coomansi and it is not considered to be E. coomansi for the purposes of assessment.

" 135436679,Elattoneura longispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,longispina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937","

Dow and Silvius (2014) recorded unusually small individuals of this species, with reduced and atypical pale markings, at three peat swamp forest sites in Central Kalimantan. They also recorded typical individuals at a stream and individuals that were possibly intermediate between the two forms in a habitat that was intermediate. It is not clear whether the atypical form is merely due phenotypic plasticity in E. longispina or represents a distinct species or speciation in process. In the assessors opinion phenotypic plasticity is the most likely explanation, however individuals from peat swamp forest in Sarawak are normal. For the purposes of assessment all are treated as E. longispina, but with uncertainty over the peat swamp forest form.

" 9136,Gerbillus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,nanus,,,,,"Blanford, 1875","G. garamantis, G. vivax and G. quadrimaculatus were previously assessed as separate species in the 2003 Red List, but are now included within Gerbillus nanus." 163682,Prodasineura abbreviata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,abbreviata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1951", 163694,Prodasineura flammula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,flammula,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948","

Prodasineura flammula was described (Lieftinck 1948) from a single male from East Kalimantan, and stated to differ from P. dorsalis by an orange band between the eyes, deeper orange markings on the thorax and slightly different anal appendages. However the first two characters vary from east to west in P. dorsalis, with specimens from the east of Sarawak and further east identical to P. flammula and the third character, in the assessor’s opinion, is almost certainly due to distortion or a slight rotation of the anal appendages compared with the typical state. However the holotype of P. flammula must be checked before this can be confirmed. Tsuda & Kitagawa (1989) recorded P. flammula from Sabah but this record is almost certainly a misidentification of P. dorsalis based on colour and pattern following Lieftinck (1948) and is not considered in the assessment.

" 163755,Prodasineura hosei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,hosei,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1913)","The female of this species has not been described at the time of writing, although female specimens are present in at least two collections." 135437008,Prodasineura gracillima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,gracillima,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 135437025,Prodasineura haematosoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,haematosoma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937","

Prodasineura haematosoma differs from P. hyperythra solely in details of colouration. However P. hyperythra shows considerable variation in colouration across its range, and P. haematosoma may merely be a junior synonym of P. hyperythra. Against this, there is to be an area between the definitely known ranges of each taxon in Sarawak where neither has been found (as of September 2018) despite the presence of suitable habitat, which could be taken as evidence that the two are distinct. On the other hand P. hyperythra was recorded from West Kalimantan without details by Lieftinck (1954) and the assessor (Dow 2005) recorded it from within the range of P. haematosoma, this was based on a sight record and could have been misidentified, but a specimen identified as P. hyperythra was collected at the same location in 2008; unfortunately the specimen in question is no longer available to the assessor to recheck the identification.

" 135437076,Prodasineura hyperythra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,hyperythra,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)","

Prodasineura haematosoma differs from P. hyperythra solely in details of colouration. However P. hyperythra shows considerable variation in colouration across its range, and P. haematosoma may merely be a junior synonym of P. hyperythra. Against this, there is to be an area between the definitely known ranges of each taxon in Sarawak where neither has been found (as of September 2018) despite the presence of suitable habitat, which could be taken as evidence that the two are distinct. On the other hand P. hyperythra was recorded from West Kalimantan without details by Lieftinck (1954) and the assessor (Dow 2005) recorded it from within the range of P. haematosoma, this was based on a sight record and could have been misidentified, but a specimen identified as P. hyperythra was collected at the same location in 2008; unfortunately the specimen in question is no longer available to the assessor to recheck the identification.

" 135437144,Prodasineura interrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,interrupta,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 135437176,Prodasineura lansbergei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,lansbergei,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 135437211,Prodasineura notostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,notostigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 155629,Bythiospeum lamperti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,lamperti,,,,,"(Geyer, 1907)","Glöer and Zettler (2005) noted that in Germany nearly 70 different ""species"" were originally described, which were reduced by Bolling (1965) to three species, so for some periods there was little recording. In this problematic genus, they continued to list those species and subspecies on CLECOM (Check List of European Continental Mollusca), but noting that as long as we adhere solely to the shells there will be no progress. A revision of this genus is urgently needed and in Stuttgart, research with DNA analysis is ongoing for this problem.

A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results for full analysis for the group using Falkner and Niederhöfer (2008), however unless there is indicated active specific species survey data, some species listed as or Extinct or Possibly Extinct have been placed into threatened categories.
" 155528,Bythiospeum labiatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,labiatum,,,,,"(Geyer, 1904)","Glöer and Zettler (2005) noted that in Germany nearly 70 different ""species"" were originally described, which were reduced by Bolling (1965) to three species, so for some periods there was little recording. In this problematic genus, CLECOM (Check List of European Continental Mollusca) continued to list all the 70 species and subspecies, but they noted that, as long as we adhere solely to identification based on the shells, there will be no progress on resolving the taxonomic issues. A revision of this genus is urgently needed and in Stuttgart, research with DNA analysis is ongoing for this problem. A conservation assessment is made from Falkner and Niederhof (2008) based on data from shell morphology pending the results of molecular analysis for the group. Unless there was recent species survey data (using appropriate techniques), any species listed as  'Extinct' or 'Extinct?' in Falkner and Niederhof (2008) have been placed into threatened categories, pending new survey data.
" 156041,Bythiospeum leruthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Bythiospeum,leruthi,,,,,"(C. Boettger, 1940)","This species  lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine their taxonomic status. The species limits in some countries have been doubted by some researchers, however as yet there is no data on Romania. A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of the full analysis of the group." 135446117,Tetragondacnus spilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Tetragondacnus,spilotus,,,,,"Anderson & Satria, 2007", 135383783,Coelorinchus caribbaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,caribbaeus,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 135384014,Coelorinchus ventrilux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coelorinchus,ventrilux,,,,,"Marshall & Iwamoto,1973", 135384178,Coryphaenoides alateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Coryphaenoides,alateralis,,,,,"Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973", 135385234,Hymenocephalus aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Hymenocephalus,aterrimus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 135385274,Hymenocephalus billsam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Hymenocephalus,billsam,,,,,"Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973", 135385310,Nezumia atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Nezumia,atlantica,,,,,"(Parr, 1946)", 135385511,Steindachneria argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MERLUCCIIDAE,Steindachneria,argentea,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896","The placement of this species in the Macrouridae is not supported by current morphological and genetic analyses; instead, it belongs in the family Steindachneriidae (Howes 1993, Roa-Varón and Ortí 2009)." 135385529,Lophiodes beroe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,beroe,,,,,"Caruso, 1981", 135385554,Barathronus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,bicolor,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1886", 135385583,Barathronus linsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,linsi,,,,,"Nielsen, Mincarone & Di Dario, 2015","

Species in the genus Barathronus were previously classified in the family Aphyonidae before reclassification to Bythitidae by Moller et al. (2016).

" 135385599,Barathronus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,unicolor,,,,,"Nielsen, 1984","Species in the genus Barathronus were previously classified in the family Aphyonidae before reclassification to Bythitidae by Moller et al. (2016)." 135385613,Bellottia cryptica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bellottia,cryptica,,,,,"Nielsen, Ross & Cohen, 2009", 135385638,Bellottia robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bellottia,robusta,,,,,"Nielsen, Ross & Cohen, 2009", 135385685,Bythites fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bythites,fuscus,,,,,Reinhardt 1837, 135386429,Cataetyx messieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,messieri,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 135388190,Paraphyonus iselini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Paraphyonus,iselini,,,,,"Nielsen, 2015", 135388252,Meteoria longidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Meteoria,longidorsalis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2016", 135388528,Nybelinella brevianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Nybelinella,brevianalis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2017", 135388689,Parasciadonus brevibrachium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Parasciadonus,brevibrachium,,,,,"Nielsen, 1984", 135388708,Saccogaster parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,parva,,,,,"Cohen & Nielsen, 1972", 135388770,Sciadonus robinsorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Sciadonus,robinsorum,,,,,"Nielsen, 2018", 135388809,Thalassobathia nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Thalassobathia,nelsoni,,,,,"Lee, 1974", 135388821,Echiodon atopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,atopus,,,,,"Anderson, 2005", 135388865,Echiodon cryomargarites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,cryomargarites,,,,,"Markle, Williams & Olney, 1983", 135390246,Apagesoma edentatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Apagesoma,edentatum,,,,,"Carter, 1983", 135390360,Barathrodemus manatinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Barathrodemus,manatinus,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1883", 135390600,Bassogigas gillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassogigas,gillii,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 135390761,Bassozetus nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,nielseni,,,,,"Tomiyama, Takami & Fukui, 2018", 135390778,Dicrolene pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,pallidus,,,,,"Hureau & Nielsen, 1981", 135391499,Lophius vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophius,vaillanti,,,,,"Regan, 1903","This species has been considered a synonym of Lophius piscatorius by some workers in the past." 135392230,Bathyonus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bathyonus,pectoralis,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1885", 135394947,Luciobrotula brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Luciobrotula,brasiliensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2009", 135396041,Monomitopus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,americanus,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1971)", 135396104,Neobythites braziliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,braziliensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1999", 135396194,Neobythites elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,elongatus,,,,,"Nielsen & Retzer, 1994", 135396217,Ophidion puck,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,puck,,,,,"Lea & Robins, 2003", 135396264,Ophidion robinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,robinsi,,,,,"Fahay, 1992", 135396274,Ophidion saldanhai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,saldanhai,,,,,"Matallanas & Brito, 1999", 135396309,Porogadus catena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,catena,,,,,"(Goode & Bean, 1885)", 135397502,Porogadus silus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,silus,,,,,"Carter & Sulak, 1984", 135397573,Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Pycnocraspedum,phyllosoma,,,,,"(Parr, 1933)", 135400993,Ventrifossa macropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Ventrifossa,macropogon,,,,,"Marshall, 1973",This species is commonly confused with Malacocephalus occidentalis and Ventrifossa mucocephalus (Cohen et al. 1990). 135401024,Ventrifossa mucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MACROURIDAE,Ventrifossa,mucocephalus,,,,,"Marshall, 1973",This species is commonly confused with Ventrifossa macropogon. 135401118,Xyelacyba myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Xyelacyba,myersi,,,,,"Cohen,1961", 135401143,Chiasmodon microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Chiasmodon,microcephalus,,,,,"Norman, 1929","

The systematics of the genus Chiasmodon is still poorly understood and the exact number of species is unknown. There are two main theories: Prokofiev and Kukuev (2009) consider the existence of only two species in the genus (C. niger and C. lavenbergi), while Melo (2009) defends the existence of seven species in the genus (including C. microcephalus). For the purposes of this assessment, we are treating C. microcephalus as a valid species. Further taxonomic research on this genus is needed. 

" 135401158,Chiasmodon pluriradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Chiasmodon,pluriradiatus,,,,,"Parr, 1933","The systematics of the genus Chiasmodon is still poorly understood and the exact number of species is unknown. There are two main theories: Prokofiev and Kukuev (2009) consider the existence of only two species in the genus (C. niger and C. lavenbergi), while Melo (2009) defends the existence of seven species in the genus (including C. pluriradiatus). For the purpose of this assessment, we are treating C. pluriradiatus as a valid species. Further taxonomic research on this genus is needed." 135401243,Kali colubrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Kali,colubrina,,,,,"Melo, 2008","Two species descriptions were occurring simultaneously, Kali caribbaea Prokofiev 2008 and K. colubrina Melo 2008. These descriptions were accepted and published within a very short time, leading to disagreement as to which species name had priority (Melo 2010, Prokofiev 2011). Based on the ICZN rules and interpretations, K. colubrina was given priority (e.g., Melo 2010, Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 135401364,Kali falx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Kali,falx,,,,,"Melo, 2008", 135401381,Pseudoscopelus albeolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,albeolus,,,,,"Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2008","There is some disagreement on the validity of this species. Pseudoscopelus australis was described by Prokofiev and Kukuev (2008) on the basis of a single specimen from Antarctica (specific locality information unavailable) but later synonymized with P. australis by Melo (2010). For the purposes of this assessment, it is treated as a valid species; however, further taxonomic research is needed to confirm its status." 135401391,Pseudoscopelus aphos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,aphos,,,,,"Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2005",Some of the specimens identified as Pseudoscopelus aphos by Melo (2010) may refer to P. parini (Prokofiev 2011). 135401401,Pseudoscopelus astronesthidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,astronesthidens,,,,,"Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006", 135401421,Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,cordilluminatus,,,,,"Melo, 2010", 135401461,Pseudoscopelus sagamianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,sagamianus,,,,,"Tanaka, 1908","There is an ongoing discussion on the correct identification of this species - especially whether it is valid in the Atlantic as according to Prokofiev (2009, 2011), or not (Melo 2010)." 135402293,Epigonus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Epigonus,occidentalis,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 135402378,Sphyraenops bairdianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPIGONIDAE,Sphyraenops,bairdianus,,,,,"Poey, 1861", 135402494,Coryphopterus curasub,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Coryphopterus,curasub,,,,,"Baldwin & Robertson, 2015", 135402500,Palatogobius incendius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Palatogobius,incendius,,,,,"Tornabene, Robertson & Baldwin, 2017", 135402647,Pinnichthys prolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pinnichthys,prolata,,,,,"(Hastings & Findley, 2015)", 135402719,Pinnichthys saurimimica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pinnichthys,saurimimica,,,,,"Van Tassell & Tornabene, 2016", 135402795,Psilotris laetarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,laetarii,,,,,"Van Tassell & Young, 2016", 135402834,Psilotris laurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Psilotris,laurae,,,,,"Van Tassell, Tornabene & Baldwin 2016", 135402870,Varicus adamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,adamsi,,,,,"Gilmore, Van Tassell & Tornabene, 2016", 135402905,Varicus cephalocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,cephalocellatus,,,,,"Gilmore, Van Tassell & Baldwin, 2016", 135402922,Varicus decorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,decorum,,,,,"Van Tassell, Baldwin & Tornabene, 2016", 135402974,Varicus lacerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,lacerta,,,,,"Tornabene, Robertson & Baldwin, 2016", 135403041,Varicus nigritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,nigritus,,,,,"Gilmore, Van Tassell & Baldwin, 2016", 135403070,Varicus veliguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Varicus,veliguttatus,,,,,"Van Tassell, Baldwin & Gilmore, 2016", 135403176,Lipogramma barrettorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,barrettorum,,,,,"Baldwin, Nonaka & Robertson, 2018", 135403197,Lipogramma haberorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,haberorum,,,,,"Baldwin, Nonaka & Robertson, 2016", 135403239,Lipogramma levinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,levinsoni,,,,,"Baldwin, Nonaka & Robertson, 2016", 135403299,Lipogramma schrieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,schrieri,,,,,"Baldwin, Nonaka & Robertson, 2018", 135403333,Lonchopisthus ancistrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Lonchopisthus,ancistrus,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Walsh, 2017", 135403373,Bathyanthias mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Bathyanthias,mexicanus,,,,,"(Schultz, 1958)","This species was considered a junior synonym of Bathyanthias cubensis by McEachran and Fechhelm (2005), but the Catalog of Fishes does not reference this. There are specimens of both B. cubensis and B. mexicanus taken off Mexico in the Gulf of Mexico, and they are recognized as distinct (M. Vegas-Cendejas pers. comm. 2018). However, specimens examined from Colombia by A. Polanco pers. comm. (2018) are recognized as B. cubensis. The genus Bathyanthias requires further taxonomic study, and it is not known how the ranges of B. mexicanus and B. cubensis overlap in the Gulf of Mexico (D.R. Robertson pers. comm. 2018)." 135403469,Lepidopus altifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRICHIURIDAE,Lepidopus,altifrons,,,,,"Parin & Collette, 1993", 135403488,Polymixia berndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,berndti,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 135403510,Polymixia busakhini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,busakhini,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1992", 135403518,Polymixia fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,fusca,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1970", 135403534,Polymixia japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,japonica,,,,,"Günther, 1877", 135403650,Polymixia longispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,longispina,,,,,"Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1983", 135403704,Polymixia salagomeziensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,salagomeziensis,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1991", 135403715,Polymixia sazonovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,sazonovi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1992", 135405142,Polymixia yuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,POLYMIXIIFORMES,POLYMIXIIDAE,Polymixia,yuri,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1982", 135405775,Neocyema erythrosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,Neocyematidae,Neocyema,erythrosoma,,,,,"Castle, 1978","Poulsen et al. (2018) placed this species under the family Neocyematidae and resolved the hypothesis that identified Leptocephalus holti specimens as Cyematidae larvae (Poulsen 2015, Poulsen et al. 2018)." 135405891,Monognathus bertini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,bertini,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 135405941,Saccopharynx harrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,harrisoni,,,,,"Beebe, 1932", 135406017,Saccopharynx hjorti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,hjorti,,,,,Bertin 1938, 135406072,Saccopharynx paucovertebratis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,paucovertebratis,,,,,"Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985", 135406116,Saccopharynx thalassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,thalassa,,,,,"Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985", 135406366,Saccopharynx trilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,trilobatus,,,,,"Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985", 135406434,Peristedion ecuadorense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,ecuadorense,,,,,"Teague, 1961", 135406539,Peristedion unicuspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,PERISTEDIIDAE,Peristedion,unicuspis,,,,,"Miller, 1967", 135406616,Scorpaenodes barrybrowni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaenodes,barrybrowni,,,,,"Pitassy & Baldwin, 2016", 135406689,Melamphaes inconspicuus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,inconspicuus,,,,,Kotlyar 2015,Specimens of this species may have been previously identified as Melamphaes longivelis. 135406728,Melamphaes kobylyanskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,kobylyanskyi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2015",This species was previously identified as Melamphaes longivelis. 135406842,Melamphaes lentiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,lentiginosus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2015",This species may have been previously identified as Melamphaes janae. 135407588,Melamphaes manifestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,manifestus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2011", 135409876,Melamphaes microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,microps,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)","This species is part of a complex of various forms of Melamphaes, and some further taxonomic work may be needed (Kotlyar 2011, Stewart and Bray 2015)." 135431816,Poromitra atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,atlantica,,,,,"(Norman, 1929)",This species is part of the ‘Poromitra cristiceps-group’ (Stewart and Bray 2015). 135431992,Poromitra coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,coronata,,,,,"(Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924)","According to Kotlyar (2008), this species is similar to Poromitra unicornis." 135432051,Poromitra kukuevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,kukuevi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2008","

This species was recently described from one specimen previously identified as Poromitra crassiceps (Kotlyar 2008). Subsequently, Mincarone et al. (2014) suggested that P. kukuevi and P. indooceanica are synonyms and that further taxonomic work is needed.

" 135432106,Scopeloberyx bannikovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,bannikovi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2004",This species may have been previously identified as a juvenile of Scopleoberyx robustus. 135432191,Scopeloberyx rubriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,rubriventer,,,,,"(Koefoed, 1953)", 135432447,Sio nordenskjoldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Sio,nordenskjoldii,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1905)", 135432592,Malacosarcus macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,STEPHANOBERYCIDAE,Malacosarcus,macrostoma,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 135432619,Stephanoberyx monae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,STEPHANOBERYCIDAE,Stephanoberyx,monae,,,,,"Gill, 1883", 135432657,Cyclothone kobayashii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,kobayashii,,,,,"Miya, 1994","


" 135432746,Diplophos rebainsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Diplophos,rebainsi,,,,,"Krefft & Parin, 1972","Taxonomy in the family Gonostomatidae has been continuously discussed. The genera Diplophos and Manducus have been both combined and separated in the past, and consensus about their relatedness remains in flux (Weitzman 1974, Harold 1998)." 135432812,Margrethia valentinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Margrethia,valentinae,,,,,"Parin, 1982", 135434080,Woodsia meyerwaardeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Woodsia,meyerwaardeni,,,,,"Krefft, 1973", 135434121,Maurolicus inventionis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,inventionis,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993",There is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species. 135434141,Maurolicus parvipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,parvipinnis,,,,,"Vaillant, 1888", 135434162,Maurolicus stehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,stehmanni,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993","This species was previously referred to as Maurolicus muelleri by Vazzoler (1975), Zavala-Camin (1981), Séret and Andreata (1992) and Haimovici et al. (1994)." 135434516,Polyipnus asteroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,asteroides,,,,,"Schultz, 1938", 135434569,Sonoda paucilampa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Sonoda,paucilampa,,,,,"Grey, 1960", 135435256,Astronesthes barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,barbatus,,,,,"Kner, 1860", 135435298,Astronesthes boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,boulengeri,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1902", 135435329,Astronesthes gudrunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,gudrunae,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 2002", 135435430,Astronesthes illuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,illuminatus,,,,,"Parin, Borodulina & Hulley, 1999", 135435459,Astronesthes kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,kreffti,,,,,"Gibbs & McKinney, 1988", 135435484,Astronesthes oligoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,oligoa,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 2002", 135435494,Astronesthes psychrolutes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,psychrolutes,,,,,"(Gibbs & Weitzman, 1965)", 135435580,Astronesthes tanibe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,tanibe,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 2001", 135435604,Astronesthes zetgibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,zetgibbsi,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1997", 135435617,Bathophilus altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,altipinnis,,,,,"Beebe, 1933", 135435623,Bathophilus filifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,filifer,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 135435677,Bathophilus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,longipes,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930","Bathophilus longipes has been treated as a junior synonym of B. digitatus by some authors, but is considered a valid species according to the Catalog of Fishes. Given this taxonomic uncertainty, its distribution is not clearly understood (T. Harold pers. comm. 2018)." 135435733,Chauliodus dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,dentatus,,,,,"Garman, 1899",There is taxonomic uncertainty associated with Chauliodus dentatus; it has been treated at times as a junior synonym of C. sloani (T. Harold pers. comm. 2018). 135435809,Eustomias austratlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,austratlanticus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 135435827,Eustomias borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,borealis,,,,,"Clarke, 2000", 135435872,Eustomias cryptobulbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,cryptobulbus,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 135435883,Eustomias curtifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,curtifilis,,,,,"Clarke, 2000", 135435963,Eustomias digitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,digitatus,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 135436007,Eustomias dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,dispar,,,,,"Gomn & Gibbs, 1985", 135436119,Eustomias globulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,globulifer,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930","According to Gomon and Gibbs (1985), the status of this species is “uncertain”, but it is considered valid by Harold (2002)." 135436136,Eustomias grandibulbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,grandibulbus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 135436148,Eustomias hulleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,hulleyi,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 135436158,Eustomias ignotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,ignotus,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 135436181,Eustomias jimcraddocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,jimcraddocki,,,,,"Sutton & Hartel, 2004", 135436207,Eustomias kikimora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,kikimora,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2015", 135436252,Eustomias medusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,medusa,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 135436279,Eustomias metamelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,metamelas,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 135436328,Eustomias micropterygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,micropterygius,,,,,"Parr, 1927","Gomon and Gibbs (1985) list the status of this species as “uncertain” since the holotype is an incompletely metamorphosed specimen; however, Harold (2002) accepts Eustomias micropterygius as a valid species." 135436351,Eustomias paucifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,paucifilis,,,,,"Parr, 1927","This species was once considered a subspecies of Eustomias bigelowi (Parin and Pokhil’skaya 1974). It is considered a valid species by Clarke (2000, 2001) and Harold (2002)." 135436449,Eustomias precarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,precarius,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 135436488,Eustomias quadrifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,quadrifilis,,,,,"Gomon & Gibbs, 1985", 135436509,Eustomias schiffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,schiffi,,,,,"Beebe, 1932", 135436536,Eustomias silvescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,silvescens,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 135436556,Eustomias trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,trewavasae,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 135436632,Grammatostomias ovatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Grammatostomias,ovatus,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2014", 135436700,Leptostomias analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,analis,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1930", 135436746,Leptostomias macropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,macropogon,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 135437006,Melanostomias pauciradius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,pauciradius,,,,,"Matsubara, 1938",This species was previously considered a synonym of Melanostomias macrophotus by Gibbs and Barnett (1990) and Mundy (2005). 135437053,Photonectes cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,cornutus,,,,,"Beebe, 1933","This species was previously considered a synonym of Photonectes mirablis Parr, 1927 (Gibbs and Barnett 1990, Prokofiev 2014)." 135437114,Photonectes gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,gracilis,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 135437131,Photonectes uncinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,uncinatus,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2015", 135437170,Stomias danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,danae,,,,,"Ege, 1933", 135437203,Stomias gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,gracilis,,,,,"Garman, 1899","This species was once considered a synonym of Stomias boa Risso, 1910, but also a valid subspecies (Paulin et al. 1989)." 118810553,Amynthas fuscatus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,fuscatus,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1898)","In Goto & Hatai's original description of Perichaeta iizukai they failed to report intestinal caecae and because it was so poorly described, Easton (1981) had it in genus Polypheretima.  Inspection of fresh material allowed Blakemore (2003) to place it, along with P. grossa, in synonymy with Amynthas fuscatus (Goto & Hatai, 1898). Easton (1981) had listed this taxon as Metaphire fuscata, but further demonstration of superficial male pores qualified it for Amynthas.

Blakemore (2012b: 98) lamented that although Easton had said that P. iizukai types were at one time in the collection of the University of Tokyo (Todai), they subsequently went missing. Unfortunately, whether they and some other types were in the box of worms re-discovered after being hidden for more than 30 years (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016) was by that time impossible to determine from the mostly deteriorated samples and labels due to shameful neglect." 118828576,Amynthas yamizoyamensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,yamizoyamensis,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1935)","This species was maintained in synonymy of Amynthas micronarius by Easton (1981) and tentatively by Blakemore (2003, 2012a) until restored in revisions by Blakemore (2012b)." 118830194,Manus koellikeri,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Manus,koellikeri,,,,,"(Michaelsen, 1928)","Easton (1981) recorded Manus vesiculata Goto & Hatai (1899) as a possible synonym of M. koellikeri, but due to priority, this was reversed by Blakemore (2003) until monotypic Manus was proposed by Blakemore (2010) based on inspection of the type specimens, and both taxa maintained independently by Blakemore (2012a).

Blakemore (2010) noted: ""Sims and Easton (1972, p. 221) mistakenly thought it an introduced Parapheretima and Easton’s (1981: 60) distribution included Kyushu (from Kobayashi, 1941, p. 513) but his other records were for his erroneous (priority!) synonym '?? vesiculata Goto and Hatai, 1899: 21'"" and that ""Kobayashi (1941)"" has an unconfirmed report from Korea.

Yasuaki Sugi (pers. comm. 2. IX. 2010) did have records thought to be Pheretima koellikeri from Kyushu, although he says these are P. vesiculata, rather than P. koellikeri proper."" His website includes reports in Japanese (from ""Kobayashi, 1941"") from Tsushima, Iki and Goto (Fukue) islands as well as Kyushu proper." 118836265,Metaphire servina,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,servina,,,,,"(Hatai & Ohfuchi, 1937)","In particular, mistakes in the authoritative account given by Easton (1981: 59) were corrected by Blakemore (2003: 30) who noted: ""Easton (1981) mistakenly has Metaphire servina with three pairs of spermathecae in 6/7/8/9 while Sims and Easton (1972) place it in a group with only two pairs in 6/7/8 as in the original description"". Missing types of this species were noted as probably being present in the museum collection in Tokyo (Blakemore 2012b: 124). The original co-author of this taxon had a prior nomen nudum as ""Pheretima servinus"" (sic) (Hatai, 1931) that he reported from Oshima Island (Tokyo) and that was later reported from the Tanzawa mountain range, Kanagawa-ken near Tokyo and in an overlooked 1957 online reference for this name (https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/174578/1/fia0062_225.pdf August, 2017) has two specimens from Kashima Islets of Wakayama-ken which is closer to Osaka. These latter reports are unconfirmed and suggest either lack of taxonomic acuity (misidentifications), sparce interim survey, or an actual disjunct distribution in at least four loci (which would be difficult to explain ecologically). Thus further eco-taxonomic survey is required to define the true extent of this taxon and, as noted by Blakemore (2003: 30, 2010: 27), its relationship to prior Amynthas tappensis and A. vittatus and subsequent A. gomejimensis (Ohfuchi, 1937) requires investigation, with the latter taxon possibly being either closely related or in synonymy. Thus even the generic allocation of this taxon is currently uncertain." 118836213,Metaphire sieboldi,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,sieboldi,,,,,"(Horst, 1883)", 118837965,Metaphire vesiculata,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,vesiculata,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1899)","The taxonomy for this species is rather convoluted as Beddard (1900a,b) and Blakemore (2012b: tab. 2) thought it to be the same as Duplodicodrilus schmardae and Easton (1981) recorded Metaphire vesiculata as a possible synonym of M. koellikeri. Due to priority, this synonomy was reversed by Blakemore (2003) until the monotypic Manus was proposed by Blakemore (2010) based on inspection of the type specimens, and both taxa were maintained independently by Blakemore (2012a). Current online reports of M. vesiculata require confirmation and comparison with priority of synonyms in Japan and possibly Korea.

The original description was likely inadequate (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011: tab. 1; Blakemore 2012b: tab. 2, 2016) and it was historically linked with prior Duplodicodrilus schmardae and with Manus koellikeri. However, all three were maintained separately by Blakemore (2012a). Recent studies from Kyushu that unearthed specimens though to be M. koellikeri were later stated to be M. vesiculata as was noted by Blakemore (2010) - see also Y. Sugi's website pages:
These latter webpages contain figured specimens from Kyushu reported up to 2014 that shows spermathecae in 6/7/8 and small male pores, different to both D. schmardae and M. koellikeri. A search of the Genbank database also reveals about half-a-dozen specimens claimed as M. vesiculata collected from around Tokyo around ten years ago up to 2008, but their DNA barcode analysis shows they differ by up to 12% which exceeds acceptable intra-specific variation (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=metaphire+vesiculata R. Blakemore pers. obs. September 2017); moreover, no published report of the Genbank data can be found. Unfortunately, heritage Goto & Hatai collection material that was hidden for 130 years, no longer appeared to hold types that would have perhaps decided the matter (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011; Blakemore 2012b, 2016). Supposed presence in Korea has not been confirmed and likely relates to historical confusion of taxa (Blakemore 2014)." 117371018,Drawida moriokaensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,moriokaensis,,,,,"Ohfuchi, 1938", 117371227,Drawida ofunatoensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,ofunatoensis,,,,,"Ohfuchi, 1938","Inconsistencies and errors in its original description were noted by in Blakemore et al. (2014: 141) and its supposed synonymy with Drawida nemora was dismissed based upon the information presented in this latter publication, in Easton (1981: tab. 1) and Blakemore and Kupriyanova (2010: tab. 3)." 117371561,Drawida tairaensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MONILIGASTRIDAE,Drawida,tairaensis,,,,,"Ohfuchi, 1938","Inconsistencies and errors in its original description were noted by Blakemore in Blakemore et al. (2014: 142) and its supposed synonymy within Drawida anchingiana Chen, 1933 was dismissed based upon the information presented in this latter publication and in Easton (1981: tab. 1) and in Blakemore and Kupriyanova (2010: tab. 3)." 118812839,Amynthas japonicus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,japonicus,,,,,"(Horst, 1883)",This species has male pore characteristics similar to some species from Ryukus as was noted by Blakemore (2003) who also questioned whether this qualified it for inclusion in genus Metaphire thus prompting Blakemore (2012) to list it as Amynthas? japonicus. 117372657,Eisenia anzac,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,LUMBRICIDAE,Eisenia,anzac,,,,,"Blakemore, 2011"," When originally described (Blakemore and Grygier 2011) the question was raised whether this is an endemic native, a translocated native or an introduced exotic.  Its nearest congeners however, from morphological and molecular analysis, appear to be Japanese native species and the genus and family are also endemic to Japan, but not uniquely (see Blakemore 2012b: Appendix).  On balance this is most likely a native taxon that is apparently rare, although there has yet to be any systematic field survey of Japan's earthworms (Easton 1981, Blakemore 2003, 2012a)." 183168,Parauchenoglanis monkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Parauchenoglanis,monkei,,,,,"(Keilback, 1910)", 135693403,Nannocharax seyboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Nannocharax,seyboldi,,,,,"Schultz, 1942", 117374319,Amynthas ambiguus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,ambiguus,,,,,"(Cognetti, 1906)","Pheretima ambigua Cognetti, 1906 is now ascribed to the default ""pheretimoid"" genus that, by both phylogeny and nomenclatural priority, is Amynthas, thus Amynthas ambiguus. Unfortunately, several current Japanese authors when they list it as ""'Pheretima' ambigua"" seem not to realize that the changes invoked by Sims and Easton (1972), Easton (1981) and Blakemore (2003) now require all taxonomists in all countries follow as a duty bound obligation. Aside from its name, as to the species' identity, this is indeed ambiguous, being a parthenogenetically degraded morph, it may be any of several prior (or subsequent!) named taxa. Blakemore (2003) notes that this species lacks spermathecae (i.e., is parthenogenetic) but presumably has manicate intestinal caeca qualifying itself for the A. hilgendorfi species-complex group of Easton (1981: 51) or the M. hilgendorfi/A. tokioensis species-complex of Blakemore (2003, 2012a, 2016).  Further eco-taxonomic studies are required to confirm the identity, affinities and ecology of this species. In fact, due to taxonomic priority, it is foolhardy and precipitous to name yet further manicate species in Japan (and Korea, China or Taiwan) without chronological resolution of all prior taxa, or at least provision of DNA to define the taxon objectively.

Non Pheretima barbara ambigua Cognetti, 1913: 302 from New Guinea (= Pheretima barbigua Blakemore, 2004 nom. nov).

Parthenogenesis is one of the major problems of Japanese earthworms systematics (along with lack of proper funding and historical types that are often missing or hidden - Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2012b, 2016b) making identifications particularly difficult and synonymy rife. Fortunately, during the last decade a solution is available using molecular methods (e.g. DNA barcoding) to help combine or separate taxa, but this depends upon proper and progressive characterization of historical taxa in chronological order with recourse to neotypes or topotypes. Such research has not been prioritized in Japan (nor much elsewhere) thus this species, as with many others, remains in a kind of taxonomic limboIt seems unlikely that this taxon belongs in the same synonymy as Amynthas vittatus (Goto & Hatai, 1898) for which Cognetti (1906) simultaneously described a specimen. It is more likely that this species is in the ambit of A. irregularis (Goto & Hatai, 1899) and/or A. tokioensis (Beddard, 1892). The possibility is that it is extinct, the probability is that it never existed as a valid separate specific entity. Its Red List status provisionally defaults to Data Deficient (DD) to reflect this uncertainty for reasons just given." 182850,Malapterurus electricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MALAPTERURIDAE,Malapterurus,electricus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Sometimes misspelled as Malapterurus electricus. 56546496,Paramormyrops kingsleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Paramormyrops,kingsleyae,,,,,"(Günther, 1896)", 167951,Cyphomyrus psittacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Cyphomyrus,psittacus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)",Hipppotomyrus has recently been restricted to four species (Hopkins et al. 2007). The genus Cyphomyrus has been resurrected and includes seven species from the Congo basin (Sullivan in lit.). Cyphomyrus are deep-bodied with a dorsal fin base longer than the anal.
Cyphomyrus psittacus is the only species among the mormyrids with the dorsal fin origin clearly ahead of the anal fin origin. 118809058,Amynthas flavescens,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,flavescens,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1898)", 183088,Pollimyrus eburneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Pollimyrus,eburneensis,,,,,"Bigorne, 1991",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Paramormyrops but is now considered valid in the genus Pollimyrus. 118811444,Amynthas gomejimensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,gomejimensis,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1937)"," Because it is described on material that was not fully mature, the original author and Blakemore (2003) thought this species was possibly similar to prior Metaphire servina (Hatai & Ohfuchi, 1937) which is why it was listed as Amynthas? gomejimensis by Blakemore (2010).  However, its superficial male pores are seemingly in a different location and Blakemore (2012a, 2012b) removed the question mark and established this taxon in Amynthas." 118815487,Amynthas obscurus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,obscurus,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1898)", 135699330,Mastacembelus flavomarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Mastacembelus,flavomarginatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1898", 118839678,Amynthas oyuensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,oyuensis,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1937)","Easton (1981: 54) said that ""This species was considered incertae sedis by Sims & Easton (1972) since it lacks male pores"".  Blakemore (2003, 2012a) followed Easton by naming it as ""‘Pheretima’ oyuensis Ohfuchi, 1937"", but since the default pheretimoid genus is Amynthas then this is the appropriate home of the species name, until definitively proven otherwise.  In fact, Blakemore (2008 - http://www.annelida.net/earthworm/Japanese%20Earthworms/Japanese%20Earthworms.pdf) already had this taxon as Amynthas? oyuensis which may be most appropriate binomen.

This lack of information is due as much to lack of survey as to it being a parthenogenetically degraded morph originally described as lacking spermathecae, genital markings, male pores, and prostates.  Its affinities are possibly with several prior or subsequent parthenogenetical morphs or even their reproductive forms.  Such speculations are pointless without access to types that, however, were not located in Sendai type collection materials rediscovered in Tokyo Museum by Blakemore (2012b, 2016) after being loaned out and neglected for many decades." 120311907,Amynthas papulosus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,papulosus,,,,,"(Rosa, 1896)","Japanese reports of Amynthas papulosus (Rosa, 1896) previously included those of A. rockefelleri that is now a re-validated taxon from China with A. hsingpuensis from Taiwan its synonym. Moreover its reports from Japan were more likely of cosmopolitan A. gracilis that is quite common and has recently acquired syns. novae of A. xamtaiensis and A. vanhyai both poorly described by Hong (2017) from Laos. Ironically the report of A. gracilis in the same paper seems to refer to some other taxon, possibly the supposedly “new” A. multipapillatus Hong, 2017 that is no different to A. papulosus (Rosa, 1896). Other Japanese reports were of A. papulosus sauteri (Michaelsen, 1922) from Taiwan that is now held as a synonym of the nominal taxon. The Japanese record is retained since the revision of A. papulosus by Shih et al. (1999: 436, tab. 1) states ""Pheretima papulosa sauteri (= Amynthas papulosus)"" and appears to accept Kyushu and Kinki reports of A. rockefelleri from Kobayashi (1941) as actually being A. papulosus; and Tsai et al. (2000: tab. 1) appear to accept Ohfuchi's (1956) report of A. p. sauteri (= A. papulosus) from the Ryukyus. Further research is yet required.

Genbank COI mtDNA from Thailand identified as A. papulosus (KU565201) agrees 100% with (KF205464), an “Amynthas sp.” from ""China: Yunnan"" (R. Blakemore pers. obs. September 2017)." 118817796,Amynthas scholasticus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,scholasticus,,,,,"(Goto & Hatai, 1898)", 120072771,Amynthas toriii,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,toriii,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1941)","Formerly this species was included within the boundaries of a cosmopolitan Amynthas corticis species-complex (Easton 1981; Blakemore 2003, 2012a, 2016a) but it was noted as a separate species by Blakemore (2012c: 40)." 118832878,Metaphire hataii,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,hataii,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1937)", 118834404,Metaphire parvula,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,parvula,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1956)", 118834827,Metaphire riukiuensis,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Metaphire,riukiuensis,,,,,"(Ohfuchi, 1957)", 118817515,Amynthas phaselus,ANIMALIA,ANNELIDA,CLITELLATA,MEGADRILACEAE,MEGASCOLECIDAE,Amynthas,phaselus,,,,,"(Hatai, 1930)","Previously included entirely in synonymy of Amynthas acinctus by Easton (1981) and so by Blakemore (2003) it was restored by Blakemore (2012a) and a syntype of A. maculosus was found by Blakemore (2012b).  Separate sub-specific status and new synonyms were proposed by Blakemore (2013a). Nominally included are synonyms: ?Pheretima maculosus [sic] Hatai, 1930b: 661 (non Pheretima maculosa Gates, 1933 = Pheretima malacus Gates, 1936), Pheretima kamitai Kobayashi, 1934, Pheretima serrata Kobayashi, 1936, ?Pheretima phaselus tamurai Kobayashi, 1938, Pheretima mutica Chen, 1938 and A. minjae Hong, 2001. Whether A. maculosus and its synonyms (mentioned above) should remain separate or be combined in A. phaselus depends upon further work (Blakemore 2013b). A syntype for A. maculosus was determined by Blakemore (2012b) in a collection of Sendai heritage samples rediscovered in 2010 after 30 years absence (Blakemore and Ueshima 2011, Blakemore 2016).

 China is possibly included if Pheretima mutica Chen, 1938 is a synonym, as noted by Blakemore (2003, 2012b, 2014), however this name on the Genbank database from ""China"" has DNA that does not comply (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=Amynthas+phaselus R. Blakemore pers. obs. September 2017). It seems the Japanese synonym, A. tamurai, may warrant separate restoration and so too the Korean A. kamitai that has a tentative report from Kyushu (Dr Y. Sugi website - sky.geocities.jp/yasuakisugi1221/WormTaxonomy/4AmyMetaAll.pdf October 2017)." 135739408,Garypus titanius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,PSEUDOSCORPIONES,GARYPIDAE,Garypus,titanius,,,,,"(Beier, 1961)", 97157927,Calacalles azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Calacalles,azoricus,,,,,"Stüben, 2004", 97158270,Calacalles droueti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Calacalles,droueti,,,,,"(Crotch, 1867)", 97158410,Calacalles subcarinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Calacalles,subcarinatus,,,,,"(Israelson, 1984)", 97162217,Phloeosinus gillerforsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CURCULIONIDAE,Phloeosinus,gillerforsi,,,,,"Bright, 1987", 97180394,Atheta dryochares,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Atheta,dryochares,,,,,"Israelson, 1985", 97185409,Euconnus azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,STAPHYLINIDAE,Euconnus,azoricus,,,,,"Franz, 1969", 97217192,Eupteryx azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CICADELLIDAE,Eupteryx,azorica,,,,,"Ribaut, 1941", 97217487,Cixius azofloresi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,azofloresi,,,,,"Remane & Asche, 1979", 97217920,Cixius azopicavus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,azopicavus,,,,,"Hoch, 1991", 97218194,Cixius azoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,azoricus,,,,,"Lindberg, 1954", 97218887,Cixius azoterceirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,azoterceirae,,,,,"Remane & Asche, 1979", 97218908,Cixius cavazoricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,cavazoricus,,,,,"Hoch, 1991", 97219031,Cixius insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,CIXIIDAE,Cixius,insularis,,,,,"Lindberg, 1954", 97219655,Javesella azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,DELPHACIDAE,Javesella,azorica,,,,,"Remane, 1975 ", 97223894,Pinalitus oromii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,MIRIDAE,Pinalitus,oromii,,,,,J. Ribes 1992, 97224034,Strophingia harteni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,PSYLLIDAE,Strophingia,harteni,,,,,"Hodkinson, 1981", 97224278,Eudonia interlinealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Eudonia,interlinealis,,,,,"(Warren, 1905)", 97224807,Eudonia luteusalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Eudonia,luteusalis,,,,,"(Hampson, 1907)", 97225092,Eudonia melanographa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Eudonia,melanographa,,,,,"(Hampson, 1907)", 97225371,Scoparia aequipennalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Scoparia,aequipennalis,,,,,"Warren, 1905", 97226172,Scoparia carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Scoparia,carvalhoi,,,,,"Nuss, Karsholt & Meyer, 1997", 97226481,Scoparia coecimaculalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Scoparia,coecimaculalis,,,,,"Warren, 1905", 97226719,Scoparia semiamplalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Scoparia,semiamplalis,,,,,"Warren, 1905", 97226785,Udea azorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Udea,azorensis,,,,,"Meyer, Nuss & Speidel, 1997", 97232026,Brachmia infuscatella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GELECHIIDAE,Brachmia,infuscatella,,,,,"Rebel, 1940", 97236261,Cyclophora azorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Cyclophora,azorensis,,,,,"(Prout, 1920)", 97236961,Xanthorhoe inaequata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Xanthorhoe,inaequata,,,,,"Warren, 1905", 97237103,Micrurapteryx bistrigella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GRACILLARIIDAE,Micrurapteryx,bistrigella,,,,,"(Rebel, 1940)", 97237575,Hadena azorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Hadena,azorica,,,,,"Meyer & Fibiger, 2002", 97237686,Mesapamea storai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Mesapamea,storai,,,,,"(Rebel, 1940)", 97237920,Noctua atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Noctua,atlantica,,,,,"(Warren, 1905)", 97238174,Noctua carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Noctua,carvalhoi,,,,,"(Pinker, 1983)", 97238330,Phlogophora cabrali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Phlogophora,cabrali,,,,,"Pinker, 1971", 97238422,Phlogophora furnasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Phlogophora,furnasi,,,,,"Pinker, 1971", 97238526,Phlogophora interrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Phlogophora,interrupta,,,,,"(Warren, 1905)", 97238633,Phlogophora kruegeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Phlogophora,kruegeri,,,,,"Saldaitis & Ivinskis, 2006", 97238829,Homoeosoma miguelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PYRALIDAE,Homoeosoma,miguelensis,,,,,"Meyer, Nuss & Speidel, 1997", 97238857,Homoeosoma picoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PYRALIDAE,Homoeosoma,picoensis,,,,,"Meyer, Nuss & Speidel, 1997", 97239116,Neomariania incertella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,STATHMOPODIDAE,Neomariania,incertella,,,,,"(Rebel, 1940)", 97239378,Neomariania oecophorella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,STATHMOPODIDAE,Neomariania,oecophorella,,,,,"Rebel, 1940", 97239466,Neomariania scriptella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,STATHMOPODIDAE,Neomariania,scriptella,,,,,"Rebel, 1940", 97239685,Eudarcia atlantica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,TINEIDAE,Eudarcia,atlantica,,,,,"Henderickx, 1995 ", 97489122,Nysius atlantidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,HEMIPTERA,LYGAEIDAE,Nysius,atlantidum,,,,,"Horváth, 1980", 97492384,Argyresthia atlanticella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,ARGYRESTHIIDAE,Argyresthia,atlanticella,,,,,"Rebel, 1940", 97492472,Argyresthia minusculella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,ARGYRESTHIIDAE,Argyresthia,minusculella,,,,,"Rebel, 1940", 60462,Astatotilapia burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Astatotilapia,burtoni,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 103878766,Gracula indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracula,indica,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","

Gracula religiosa, G. venerata, G. robusta and G. indica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. religiosa following AOU (1998 & supplements) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103878755,Gracula religiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracula,religiosa,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Gracula religiosa, G. venerata, G. robusta and G. indica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. religiosa following AOU (1998 & supplements) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103878806,Gracula venerata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracula,venerata,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Gracula religiosa, G. venerata, G. robusta and G. indica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. religiosa following AOU (1998 & supplements) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 49830649,Oligosarcus schindleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,schindleri,,,,,"Menezes & Gery, 1983", 166134,Acheilognathus meridianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,meridianus,,,,,"(Wu, 1939)","Under its synonym Paracheilognathus meridianus, Acheilognathus meridianus was described by Wu 1939 from Yangao, Li Kiang, southern China. Replaced in the genus Acheilignathus by Arai & Akai 1988. Valid as Acheilognathus meridianus (Wu 1939).
" 166526,Garra gotyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,gotyla,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","Cyprinus gotyla was described by Gray (1832), exact type locality is not known presumed to be Mishmee mountain, Arunachal Pradesh. The species has been placed under the genus Garra (Menon 1964). The subspecies G. gotyla stenorhynchus (Jerdon 1847) was described from Bhavani River, Western Ghats. The status of this subspecies, placed under G. gotyla, is being studied." 166865,Onychostoma elongatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Onychostoma,elongatum,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934)",


197038,Planiliza abu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,abu,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Liza but is now considered valid in the genus Planiliza (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 135151,Liobagrus kingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Liobagrus,kingi,,,,,"Tchang, 1935",Original and valid as Liobagrus kingi Tchang 1935. 18479,Tachysurus medianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,medianalis,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)","Originally Macrones medianalis, but changed in 1989 to Pseudobagrus medianalis by Burgess." 20227,Silurus mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,mento,,,,,"Regan, 1904",Original and valid as Silurus mento Regan 1904. 182638,Enteromius tetrastigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,tetrastigma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 63276,Enteromius thamalakanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,thamalakanensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1935)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182702,Enteromius thysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,thysi,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1974)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 181769,Enteromius tomiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,tomiensis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182122,Enteromius tongaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,tongaensis,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1935)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182612,Enteromius trinotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,trinotatus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1936)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 182908,Enteromius trispilomimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,trispilomimus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 181758,Enteromius trispilopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,trispilopleura,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 60383,Enteromius turkanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,turkanae,,,,,(Hopson & Hopson 1982),"The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 60351,Enteromius urostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,urostigma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1917)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 61208,Enteromius usambarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,usambarae,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1907)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 61303,Enteromius venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,venustus,,,,,"(Bailey, 1980)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 60353,Enteromius viktorianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,viktorianus,,,,,"(Lohberger, 1929)","

The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius.

" 63278,Enteromius wellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,wellmani,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius." 60358,Enteromius yongei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,yongei,,,,,"(Whitehead, 1960)","

The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Enteromius.

" 19088796,Garra elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,elegans,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Hamidan et al. 2014, Behrens-Chapuis et al. 2015)." 19452578,Garra festai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,festai,,,,,"(Tortonese, 1939)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Geiger et al. 2014, Hamidan et al. 2014, Behrens-Chapuis et al. 2015)." 61357,Garra nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,nana,,,,,"(Heckel, 1843)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Geiger et al. 2014, Hamidan et al. 2014, Behrens-Chapuis et al. 2015)." 10849,Garra typhlops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,typhlops,,,,,"(Bruun & Kaiser, 1944)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Hamidan et al. 2014, Sayyadzadeh et al. 2015)." 22601,Garra widdowsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,widdowsoni,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1955)","This species has now been transferred to the genus Garra (Hamidan et al. 2014, Sayyadzadeh et al. 2015)." 61262,Labeobarbus acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,acuticeps,,,,,"(Matthes, 1959)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African Barbus species that were included in the genus taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu (Seegers et al. 2003).

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Banyankimbona et al. (2012) transferred the large-size hexaploid 'Barbus' acuticeps to the genus Labeobarbus." 61243,Labeobarbus altianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,altianalis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African Barbus species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu (Seegers et al. 2003).

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Banyankimbona et al. (2012) transferred the large-size hexaploid 'Barbus' altianalis to the genus Labeobarbus.

Previously three subspecies were recognised: altianalis Boulenger, 1900; eduardianus Boulenger, 1901; and radcliffii Boulenger, 1903. Currently, those subspecies are considered invalid (De Vos and Thys van den Audenaerde 1990). It is also reported from Lake Victoria under several synonymous names: Labeo rueppellii Pfeffer, 1896; Barbus radcliffii Boulenger, 1903; B. lobogenys Boulenger, 1906; B. bayoni Boulenger, 1911; B. pietschmanni Lohberger, 1929; B. hollyi Lohberger, 1929; and B. altianalis radcliffii Boulenger, 1903. Records from the latter species from the Tana (see Mann 1966, Mann 1967) are based on misidentifications. 'Barbus' procatopus Boulenger, 1916 was originally described from ""The Amala River, entering the east side of Lake baringo"". Banister (1973) stated that this species is a junior synonym of 'B.' intermedius australis. It appears however that the type locality of B. procatopus is erroneous: the Amala River is not in the Baringo area but refers to a tributary of the Mara River, Lake Victoria system. De Vos et al. (work in progress) therefore pointed out that B. procatopus is a junior synonym of 'B.' altianalis (Seegers et al. 2003)." 61224,Labeobarbus claudinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,claudinae,,,,,"(De Vos & Thys Van Den Audenaerde, 1990)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African Barbus species that were included in the genus taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu (Seegers et al. 2003).

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Banyankimbona et al. (2012) transferred the large-size hexaploid 'Barbus' claudinae to the genus Labeobarbus." 182733,Labeobarbus fasolt,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,fasolt,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1914)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus fasolt into Labeobarbus." 63259,Labeobarbus girardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,girardi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus girardi in Labeobarbus." 135925945,Hollandichthys taramandahy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hollandichthys,taramandahy,,,,,"Bertaco & Malabarba, 2013",A espécie foi desmembrada do complexo H. multifasciatus em 2013 por Bertaco e Malabarba (2003).


135926073,Hopliancistrus tricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hopliancistrus,tricornis,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989","O nome Hopliancistrus tricornis tem sido utilizado erroneamente para designar espécies de aparência similar, mas ainda não descritas formalmente, das bacias dos rios Xingu e Tapajós (J.A.S. Zuanon e R.R. de Oliveira, obs. pess.)." 135926128,Hoplias intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ERYTHRINIDAE,Hoplias,intermedius,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135926196,Hypancistrus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypancistrus,zebra,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991", 167630,Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,pulchripinnis,,,,,"Ahl, 1937",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928067,Hyphessobrycon amandae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,amandae,,,,,"Géry & Uj, 1987",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928079,Hyphessobrycon amapaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,amapaensis,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 1998",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928199,Hyphessobrycon brumado,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,brumado,,,,,"Zanata & Camelier, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928237,Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,cachimbensis,,,,,"Travassos, 1964",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928263,Hyphessobrycon cyanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,cyanotaenia,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2006",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. A espécie está sendo redescrita por Fernando Dagosta. 135928331,Hyphessobrycon diastatos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,diastatos,,,,,"Dagosta, Marinho & Camelier, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928369,Hyphessobrycon dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,dorsalis,,,,,"Zarske, 2014","Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Antes de sua descrição a espécie era identificada como Hyphessobrycon sp. “falso Microschemobrycon” (D. Bastos e J. Zuanon com. pess. 2014). Hyphessobrycon dorsalis foi descrita recentemente baseada em exemplares de aquários importados de Manaus, AM (Brasil), i.e., a localidade-tipo é incerta. No entanto, há registros de parátipos coletados no rio Caurés, região de Barcelos, AM (Zarske 2014). Há dúvidas quanto a classificação taxonômica da espécie no gênero Hyphessobrycon. Porém H. dorsalis é facilmente identificada." 135928387,Hyphessobrycon eilyos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,eilyos,,,,,"Lima & Moreira, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. 135928417,Hyphessobrycon hamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,hamatus,,,,,"Bertaco & Malabarba, 2005",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928448,Hyphessobrycon haraldschultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,haraldschultzi,,,,,"Travassos, 1960","Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. É uma espécie válida, porém há necessidade de uma revisão taxonômica para melhor definição dos limites diagnósticos do táxon." 135928481,Hyphessobrycon heliacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,heliacus,,,,,"Moreira, Landim & Costa, 2002",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928519,Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,herbertaxelrodi,,,,,"Géry, 1961",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928579,Hyphessobrycon hexastichos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,hexastichos,,,,,"Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928710,Hyphessobrycon kayabi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,kayabi,,,,,"Teixeira, Lima & Zuanon, 2014",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928750,Hyphessobrycon khardinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,khardinae,,,,,"Zarske, 2008",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928778,Hyphessobrycon langeanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,langeanii,,,,,"Lima & Moreira, 2003",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928812,Hyphessobrycon loweae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,loweae,,,,,"Costa & Géry, 1994",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928841,Hyphessobrycon melanostichos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,melanostichos,,,,,"Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829810,Hyphessobrycon melazonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,melazonatus,,,,,"Durbin, 1908","Não há sinonímia. A espécie é conhecida somente do lectótipo e de um paralectótipo que encontra-se perdido. Os caracteres diagnósticos de Hyphessobrycon melazonatus são insuficientes para distingui-la das demais congêneres, portanto há dúvidas da sua validade taxonômica. Todas as identificações atribuídas a esta espécie podem ser errôneas, uma vez que é muito similar a Hemigrammus haraldi podendo se tratar de um sinônimo sênior desta. É necessária a revisão taxonômica da espécie." 135928948,Hyphessobrycon moniliger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,moniliger,,,,,"Moreira, Lima & Costa, 2002",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135928994,Hyphessobrycon montagi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,montagi,,,,,"Lima, Coutinho & Wosiacki, 2014",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929018,Hyphessobrycon mutabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,mutabilis,,,,,"Costa & Géry, 1994",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929036,Hyphessobrycon notidanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,notidanos,,,,,"Carvalho & Bertaco, 2006",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929068,Hyphessobrycon paepkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,paepkei,,,,,"Zarske, 2014","Não há sinonímia. A espécie foi descrita recentemente com base em exemplares de aquário, importados de Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil, i.e., a localidade-tipo é incerta. No entanto, há registros de parátipos coletados no rio Demeni, bacia do rio Negro, estado do Amazonas (Zarske 2014). A diagnose da espécie é insuficiente para diagnosticá-la das demais congêneres, gerando dúvidas taxonômicas (F.R. Carvalho, I.M. Soares e V.A. Bertaco com. pess. 2014)." 135929103,Hyphessobrycon peugeoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,peugeoti,,,,,"Ingenito, Lima & Buckup, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929133,Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,pyrrhonotus,,,,,"Burgess, 1993",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929164,Hyphessobrycon rutiliflavidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,rutiliflavidus,,,,,"Carvalho, Langeani, Miyazawa & Troy, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929182,Hyphessobrycon scutulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,scutulatus,,,,,"Lucena, 2003",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929220,Hyphessobrycon socolofi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,socolofi,,,,,"Weitzman, 1977",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929521,Hyphessobrycon stegemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,stegemanni,,,,,"Géry, 1961",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929553,Hyphessobrycon stramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,stramineus,,,,,"Durbin, 1918","Hyphessobrycon stramineus é conhecida somente do holótipo e seus caracteres diagnósticos são insuficientes para distingui-la das demais congêneres, portanto há dúvidas se é uma espécie válida. Além disso, a espécie é muito similar a Hemigrammus ora podendo se tratar de um sinônimo sênior desta. Trata-se desse modo de uma species inquirenda. É necessária a revisão taxonômica da espécie." 135929615,Hyphessobrycon uaiso,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,uaiso,,,,,"Carvalho & Langeani, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929648,Hyphessobrycon vilmae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,vilmae,,,,,"Géry, 1966",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929678,Hyphessobrycon weitzmanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,weitzmanorum,,,,,"Lima & Moreira, 2003",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135929718,Hyphessobrycon werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,werneri,,,,,"Géry & Uj, 1987",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135930045,Bryconamericus maromba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,maromba,,,,,"(Malabarba & Malabarba, 1994)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135952798,Hypoptopoma elongatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypoptopoma,elongatum,,,,,"Aquino & Schaefer, 2010",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 135952838,Hypoptopoma muzuspi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypoptopoma,muzuspi,,,,,"Aquino & Schaefer, 2010",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 135952908,Hypopygus benoneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,benoneae,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135952958,Hypopygus cryptogenes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,cryptogenes,,,,,"(Triques, 1997)","Stegostenopos cryptogenes (Triques 1997), foi realocado para o gênero Hypopygus (de Santana e Crampton 2011)." 135953005,Hypopygus hoedemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,hoedemani,,,,,"de Santana & Crampton, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nenhuma proposta sinonímica para o táxon. 135953031,Hypopygus nijsseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,nijsseni,,,,,"de Santana & Crampton, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há proposta sinonímica para o táxon. 167707,Hypostomus luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,luteus,,,,,"(Godoy, 1980)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167813,Hypostomus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,macrops,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167771,Hypostomus unae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,unae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)","A taxonomia da espécie é incerta (Reis e Lima 2009). A série-tipo (cinco exemplares) atribuída a Hypostomus unae possui localidade incerta. Existe forte indício de se tratar da espécie presente no rio Una, nas proximidades da cidade de Valença e são necessários maiores estudos para avaliar a real distribuição e aspectos biológicos da espécie. Estudos de ecologia no Estado da Bahia, especialmente nas bacias dos três rios de nome Una, atribuem a exemplares de Hypostomus o epíteto unae. Entretanto, em função da taxonomia incerta, existe a necessidade de confirmação efetiva dessas identificações." 135953894,Hypostomus angipinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,angipinnatus,,,,,"(Leege, 1922)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135954143,Hypostomus asperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,asperatus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1855","Não existem registros em coleções, o conhecimento sobre H. asperatus é restrito pela dificuldade na definição taxonômica e necessita de revisão. Não há sinonímia." 135954189,Hypostomus atropinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,atropinnis,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)","A descrição original fornece poucas informações (detalhes em Weber, 2003). Há dificuldade na definição taxonômica. A espécie necessita de revisão." 135954224,Hypostomus careopinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,careopinnatus,,,,,"Martins, Marinho, Langeani & Serra, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 135954401,Hypostomus delimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,delimai,,,,,"Zawadzki, de Oliveira & Debona, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 183013,Labeobarbus iturii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,iturii,,,,,"(Holly, 1929)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus iturii in Labeobarbus." 182981,Labeobarbus jubbi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,jubbi,,,,,"(Poll, 1967)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus jubbi in Labeobarbus." 183026,Labeobarbus longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,longifilis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1935)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus longifilis in Labeobarbus.

Barbus longifillis is not a synonym of Barbus paucisquamatus. The indication of the holotype and paratypes of Barbus longifilis by Bertin, L. and Estève, R. is not valid. One of the syntypes is Barbus paucisquamatus." 60445,Labeobarbus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,macrolepis,,,,,"(Pfeffer,1889)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African Barbus species that were included in the genus taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu (Seegers et al. 2003).

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Banyankimbona et al. (2012) therefore transferred the large-size hexaploid 'Barbus' macrolepis to the genus Labeobarbus." 182801,Labeobarbus mawambiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,mawambiensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1911)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus mawambiensis in Labeobarbus." 169473,Labeobarbus mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,mirabilis,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1914)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus mirabilis in Labeobarbus. Labeobarbus mirabilis (Pappenheim, 1914) and Labeobarbus mawambi (Pappenheim, 1914) are both species described from the Ituri River at Mawambi, and only known from their holotype; a morphological study indicates that L. mawambi is most probably a junior synonym of L. mirabilis (Decru et al. 2017)." 181799,Labeobarbus nanningsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,nanningsi,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1933)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) placed Barbus nanningsi in Labeobarbus." 60309,Labeobarbus oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1889)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) transferred the large-size hexaploid 'Barbus' oxyrhynchus to the genus Labeobarbus.

The taxonomic status of various Kenyan populations is not yet fully settled (Seegers et al., unpublished). Recorded under various synonymous names: Barbus tanensis Günther, 1894, B. hindii Boulenger, 1902, B. perplexicans Boulenger, 1902, B. labiatus Boulenger, 1902, B. krapfi Boulenger, 1911, B. mathoiae Boulenger, 1911, B. ahlselli Lönnberg, 1911, B. athi Hubbs, 1918, B. babaulti Pellegrin, 1926, B. nairobi Holly, 1928 and B. donyensis Holly, 1929 (see Seegers et al., unpublished). Barbus coplae (a nomen nudum) reported from the Athir River by Copley (1941) most likely refers to B. oxyrhynchus (Seegers et al., unpublished)." 2178,Leuciscus aspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,aspius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",This species has now been transferred to the genus Leuciscus (Perea et al. 2010). 14489,Eidinemacheilus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Eidinemacheilus,smithi,,,,,"(Greenwood, 1976)","Segherloo et al. (2016) described the genus Eidinemacheilus for the troglomorphic Noemacheilus smithi Greenwood, 1976." 61367,Luciobarbus lorteti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,lorteti,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1882)", 135579,Chelon auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,auratus,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","This species is sometimes referred to as Liza aurata, but a series of studies published since 2010 have demonstrated that Liza is a synonym of Chelon." 135681,Chelon saliens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,saliens,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)","This species is sometimes referred to as Liza saliens, but a series of studies published since 2010 have demonstrated that Liza is a synonym of Chelon." 183171,Chelon dumerili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,dumerili,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1870)","Chelon dumerili is the only species of Liza whose distribution extends from the tropical Atlantic Ocean, around the Cape, to the Indian Ocean coast of Africa. Some authors have suggested that geographically distant populations should be recognised as different subspecies. Delais (1954), studying mullets from Mauritania and Senegal, recognized two subspecies: C. saliens dumerili from the north with 37-42 (mode 40) scales in longitudinal series, and C. saliens hoefleri in the south with 33-42 (mode 36) scales. However, scale counts for specimens from different regions of West Africa might not be as clearly demarked as Delais (1954) suggested and there is insufficient evidence of a subspecific distinction between dumerili and hoefleri. Trewavas and Ingham (1972) recognized two subspecies of Chelon dumerili: C. d. dumerili characterized by 37-41 gill rakers and distributed from Senegal to the Niger river; and C. d. canaliculatus characterized by 45-55 gill rakers and distributed from the Congo river to Mozambique. However, the diagnostic difference in raker numbers is not consistent for all specimens examined from the western and southern ranges. Some variation has been detected in pharyngobranchial organ morphology for C. dumerili, but this variation is not sufficient to define separate species or subspecies. Further analyses are in progress." 42830242,Chelon bandialensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,bandialensis,,,,,"(Diouf, 1991)",Heemstra and Heemstra (2004) describes the taxonomy of the Mugilidae family as confused and the genera as obscurely defined. 60306,Labeobarbus tropidolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,tropidolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1900)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Banyankimbona et al. (2012) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 60355,Labeobarbus somereni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,somereni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African Barbus species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu (Seegers et al. 2003).

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Banyankimbona et al. (2012) transferred the large-size hexaploid 'Barbus' somereni to the genus Labeobarbus.

" 60371,Labeobarbus ruasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,ruasae,,,,,"(Pappenheim, 1914)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African Barbus species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu (Seegers et al. 2003).

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to Labeobarbus. " 61229,Labeobarbus rhinoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,rhinoceros,,,,,"(Copley, 1938)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that are currently included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

Vreven et al. (2016) transferred both Varicorhinus mariae Holly, 1926 and Barbus mariae Holly, 1929 to Labeobarbus, resulting in Barbus (now Labeobarbus) mariae Holly, 1929 requiring a replacement name. Barbus (now Labeobarbus) rhinoceros Copley, 1938 was previously identified as a junior synonym of B. mariae by Banister (1973). As a result, and according to ICZN (1999: article 60.2), it becomes the valid replacement name for the latter taxon. Vreven et al. (2016) explained that contrary to Seegers et al. (2003), L. rhinoceros is not considered a nomen nudum." 61263,Labeobarbus pagenstecheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,pagenstecheri,,,,,"(Fischer, 1884)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) transferred 'Barbus' pagenstecheri to the genus Labeobarbus." 61185,Luciobarbus issenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,issenensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1922)",The taxonomy of barbels from Morocco is still uncertain and more work is needed before a definitive taxonomy of this group is set in this country.

Levin et al. (2012) transferred this species to the genus Luciobarbus. 63272,Labeobarbus rhinophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,rhinophorus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Vreven et al. (2016) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 63274,Labeobarbus rosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,rosae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Vreven et al. (2016) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 181986,Labeobarbus stappersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,stappersii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Vreven et al. (2016) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 182505,Labeobarbus trachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,trachypterus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 182282,Labeobarbus urotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,urotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1913)","The genus Barbus (Cyprinidae) is restricted to a small number of species mainly inhabiting the European ichthyographic region including Northeast Africa. Most of the African species that were included in the genus, taxonomically do not appear to be closely related to the genus Barbus sensu strictu.

The African Barbus s.l. are further divided into two major groups, i.e. the large-size hexaploid species and the small-size 'Barbus' (diploid) (Berrebi et al. 1996). The former have since been placed in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Berrebi 1998, Skelton 2001, Berrebi and Tsigenopoulos 2003).

Vreven et al. (2016) transferred this species to the genus Labeobarbus." 20230,Neelaps calonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Neelaps,calonotus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 102710422,Simoselaps bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Simoselaps,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 135610,Petroleuciscus aphipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Petroleuciscus,aphipsi,,,,,"(Aleksandrov, 1927)",Perea et al. (2010) placed this species in the genus Petroleuciscus. 184443,Telestes karsticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Telestes,karsticus,,,,,"Marčić & Mrakovčić, 2011", 40708,Ninnigobius canestrinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ninnigobius,canestrinii,,,,,"(Miller & Šanda, 2008)","Ninnigobius from the Croatian coast and inland waters previously identified as this species seem to belong to an other, still unidentified species. These are excluded from the assessment." 184442,Ninnigobius montenegrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ninnigobius,montenegrensis,,,,,"Miller & Sanda, 2008","Geiger et al. (2014) placed Pomatoschistus montenegrensis in the genus Ninnigobius.

Pomatoschistus sp. Skadar is a name used in earlier assessments (from Kottelat and Freyhof 2007). " 11031,Orsinigobius croaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Orsinigobius,croaticus,,,,,"(Mrakovcic, Kerovec, Misetic & Schneider, 1994)",See Kottelat (1997) for an explanation of why the effective date of publication for this species is 1994 and not 1996. 11026,Orsinigobius punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Orsinigobius,punctatissimus,,,,,"(Canestrini, 1864)",Geiger et al. (2014) placed Knipowitschia punctatissima in the genus Orsinigobius. 9404,Gorilla gorilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HOMINIDAE,Gorilla,gorilla,,,,,"(Savage, 1847)","

The Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) has two recognized subspecies: the Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and the Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli: Sarmiento and Oates 2000, Groves 2001). Genetic data suggest that the two subspecies of Western Gorilla diverged approximately 18,000 years ago (Thalmann et al. 2011) and that the Cross River Gorilla population can be clearly differentiated from Western Lowland Gorillas (Prado-Martinez et al. 2013). The taxonomic status of the Gorilla populations in Ebo (Cameroon) awaits clarification; however, measurements from a single Ebo Gorilla skull indicate this may be a relict population of a previously more widespread population living north of the Sanaga River (Groves 2005).

" 155662,Paladilhiopsis hungaricum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,MOITESSIERIIDAE,Paladilhiopsis,hungaricum,,,,,"(Soós, 1927)","This species lies within one of the groups of spring-snails that is currently being researched using molecular systematics to determine the taxonomic status. The species limits are doubted by some researchers (Benke et al. 2009). A conservation assessment is made based on data from shell morphology pending the results of a full analysis for the group.

The population from Mánfai-kőlyuk cave should be treated as a separate taxon, with the name “gebhardti” available, and is provisionally retained here as Paladilhiopsis hungaricum subsp. gebhardti (H. Wagner, 1931) (Z. Fehér pers. comm. 2018) pending further taxonomic studies.

This species was originally assessed in genus Bythiospeum, but moved to Paladilhiopsis (Hofman et al. 2018, Z. Fehér pers. comm. 2018)." 157195,Josephinella reischuetzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,reischuetzi,,,,,"(Subai, 1990)","A 2016 study found that Superba is paraphyletic (Groenenberg et al. 2016). As a result, two species of the former Superba complex move to Josephinella: J. vikosensis and J. reischuetzi (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2018)." 176708,Hydrophis stokesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,stokesii,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 176719,Hydrophis schistosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,schistosus,,,,,"Daudin, 1803","This species has been placed in several different genera in the past, however, a recent molecular phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognizing a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and are followed by most recent authors." 176711,Hydrophis viperinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hydrophis,viperinus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1852)","A recent molecular phylogenetic study of 39 sea snake species in 15 genera recovered Hydrophis as broadly paraphyletic with respect to several other genera (Sanders et al. 2013). Instead of erecting multiple new genera, the authors recommended dismantling the mostly monotypic genera Pelamis, Enhydrina, Astrotia, Thalassophina, Acalyptophis, Kerilia, Lapemis and Disteira, and recognizing a single genus, Hydrophis, for these taxa (Sanders et al. 2013). This classification system avoids confusion and better reflects the history of recent and very rapid diversification of these snakes and are followed by most recent authors.

There are three forms of this species (Smith 1926)." 9194,Giraffa camelopardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,GIRAFFIDAE,Giraffa,camelopardalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Global Notes:
The IUCN SSC Giraffe and Okapi Specialist Group (GOSG) currently recognizes a single species, Giraffa camelopardalis. Nine subspecies of Giraffes are currently recognized (Dagg 2014), although some authorities dispute this taxonomic classification (e.g., Groves and Grubb 2011). Several subpopulations of Giraffe, resident in northern Botswana, northwest Zimbabwe, northeastern Namibia and southwestern Zambia, are potentially either G. c. angolensis, or G. c. giraffa but the continued accumulation of information indicates that a future reassessment might be in order. Until an extensive reassessment of the taxonomic status of giraffes is completed, therefore, it is premature to alter the taxonomic status quo. This assessment is based upon an interim consensus that a single species of giraffes is resident on the African continent.


Taxonomic Notes for South African Regional Assessment:
Currently, nine subspecies classifications have been proposed for Giraffe (Ansell 1972; Dagg & Foster 1982; Kingdon 1997; East 1999; Grubb 2005; Ciofolo & Pendu 2013). There is considerable uncertainty surrounding the geographic and taxonomic limits of all described subspecies (Fennessy et al. 2013). Furthermore, recent genetic work suggests that several subspecies may even represent distinct species (Brown et al. 2007). Globally, only the forms G. c. peralta from West Africa, which recent genetic evidence has confirmed is indeed distinct (Hassanin et al. 2007), and G. c. rothschildi have been assessed at the subspecies level. Giraffe taxonomy of the various populations in Africa has largely been reliant on the variation of pelage pattern and geographic range. However, this has long been inconclusive. Even advances in molecular methods have left many aspects uncertain, often because of limited sampling (Fennessy et al. 2013). A good knowledge of Giraffe genetics, however, is critical for their long-term sustainable management with an estimated population of less than 80,000 remaining in the wild. In particular, the taxonomic assignment and phylogeography of two populations in southern Africa, the South African Giraffe (G. c. giraffa) and the Namibian Giraffe (G. c. angolensis), remains uncertain. To resolve this and estimate the divergence times among Giraffe populations, an increase in sampling effort across this region as well as more broadly across Africa is very important (Bock et al. 2014). The South African, or Cape, Giraffe was formerly classified as G. c. capensis. In this assessment, we treat G. c. giraffa as a subspecies in southern Africa (Seymour 2001; Brown et al. 2007; Dagg 2014)." 194099,Cyrtodactylus albofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,albofasciatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)","This species has often been confused with G. deccanensis and has only recently been resurrected from its synonymy by Bauer and Giri (2004).  Species of Geckoella are sometimes allocated to the genus Cyrtodactylus.  Molecular phylogenetic data reveal that Geckoella is embedded within Cyrtodactylus, and this placement is now widely accepted and hence followed here." 172614,Cyrtodactylus deccanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,deccanensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Cyrtodactylus deccanensis was described by Günther in 1864 based on specimens collected from Deccan (Smith 1935, Bauer and Giri 2004).  This species has often been confused with C. albofasciatus and the latter has only recently been resurrected from its synonymy by Bauer and Giri (2004).  Molecular phylogenetic data reveal that Geckoella is embedded within Cyrtodactylus, and this placement is now widely accepted and hence followed here." 165362,Hydrocena cattaroensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,HYDROCENIDAE,Hydrocena,cattaroensis,,,,,"(Pfeiffer, 1841)", 22723648,Diglossa venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,venezuelensis,,,,,"Chapman, 1925", 55377,Boana albonigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,albonigra,,,,,"(Nieden, 1923)","This species was previously within the genus Hyla , then was moved to the resurrected genus Hypsiboas (Faivovich et al. 2005) and subsequently to the genus Boana (Dubois 2017). 

The specimens described as Hyla ocapia (Andersson 1938) were considered by Duellman et al. (1997) as synonyms of Hypsiboas albonigra. Initially, the specimen described as Hyla zebra Duméril & Bibron, 1841, came from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nonetheless, the locality was corrected and it was reported that the collection locality was Tacopaya, in the high and arid montane regions, between Sucre and Río Grande, Chuquisaca, Bolivia (Duellman et al. 1997)." 78964958,Hyloscirtus antioquia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,antioquia,,,,,"Rivera-Correa & Faivovich, 2013","This species was originally described as Hyloscirtus antioquia by Rivera-Correa and Faivovich (2013). In 2016, the species was transferred to the genus Colomascirtus (Duellman et al. 2016) and when the first assessment for this species was published (in 2017) it was still under the generic name Colomascirtus. Colomascirtus is now recognised as a junior synonym of Hyloscirtus (Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018), hence the species has been returned to the genus Hyloscirtus." 61871,Odorrana khalam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,khalam,,,,,"(Stuart, Orlov & Chan-ard, 2005)", 55333,Gastrotheca excubitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,excubitor,,,,,"Duellman & Fritts, 1972","A distinct genetic difference exists between a specimen from Abra Amparaes and two individuals from Abra Acjanaco (Duellman et al. 2011). Much more extensive phylogenetic analyses most likely will reveal that G. excubitor, as it is now recognized, consists of two or more cryptic species (Duellman and Trueb 2015)." 199971,Pristimantis sagittulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,sagittulus,,,,,"(Lehr, Aguilar & Duellman, 2004)","In the Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus group according to the original species description (Lehr et al. 2004), later assigned to the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) peruvianus species group of Hedges et al. (2008)." 158615,Hyloscirtus tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,tigrinus,,,,,"Mueses-Cisneros & Anganoy-Criollo, 2008","This species was been moved from the genus Hyloscirtus to Colomascirtus (Duellman et al. 2016), and then subsequently moved back to Hyloscirtus (Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018)." 190074,Laemonema melanurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Laemonema,melanurum,,,,,"Goode & Bean, 1896", 40710,Percarina demidoffii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Percarina,demidoffii,,,,,"Nordmann, 1840", 136544007,Acanthocercus cyanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,cyanocephalus,,,,,"(Falk, 1925)","Falk (1925) proposed the name Acanthosaura cyanocephala for an agamid species he observed in Angola, should this prove to be an unknown taxon. He did not, however, fully describe this taxon nor did he preserve the holotype. Wagner et al. (2018) determined that this name was validly published, and is consequently the oldest available name for the western-most member of the Acanthosaura atricollis complex. Wagner et al. (2018) consequently designated a Neotype for and redescribed A. cyanocephalus, which is now recognized as a full species." 136544462,Acanthocercus gregorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,gregorii,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)","Wagner et al. (2018) resurrected Acanthosaurus gregorii from synonymy within A. atricollis, and found that A. loveridgei - formerly a junior synonym of A. atricollis - represents a morphotype of A. gregorii." 136544794,Acanthocercus kiwuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,kiwuensis,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1957)","In their revision of the Acanthocercus atricollis species complex, Wagner et al. (2018) elevated this former subspecies to specific status, and clarified its range limits." 136545273,Acanthocercus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,minutus,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1957)","In their revision of the Acanthocercus atricollis species complex, Wagner et al. (2018) elevated this former subspecies to specific status, and clarified its range limits." 136545426,Acanthocercus ugandaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Acanthocercus,ugandaensis,,,,,"(Klausewitz, 1957)","In their revision of the Acanthocercus atricollis species complex, Wagner et al. (2018) elevated this former subspecies to specific status, and clarified its range limits." 155305,Oneirodes luetkeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,luetkeni,,,,,"(Regan, 1925)", 56301,Adelophryne gutturosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Adelophryne,gutturosa,,,,,"Hoogmoed & Lescure, 1984","Two specimens from Serra do Navio, Amapá, Brazil were initially identified as Adelophryne gutturosa (Hoogmoed et al. 1994), but this material was later described as A. amapaensis (Taucce et al. 2020)." 135714,Chelon ramada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Chelon,ramada,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)","This species is sometimes referred to as Liza ramada, but a series of studies published since 2010 have shown that Liza is a synonym of Chelon." 58787,Chirixalus doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Chirixalus,doriae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893","This species may be confused with Chiromantis nongkhorensis in southern Vietnam, but this needs to be confirmed (T. Nguyen pers. comm. October 2013).

It has been moved from Chiromantis to Chirixalus, following the removal of the latter genus from synonymy of the former (Chen et al. 2020)." 58859,Gracixalus jinxiuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,jinxiuensis,,,,,"(Hu in Hu, Fei & Ye, 1978)","A similar form, which may or may not be this species, occurs near the Dan Hoa commune, Minh Hoa district, Quang Binh province of Viet Nam (Ziegler et al. 2006). Studies on larger samples are needed to confirm the identity of this form, so we refrain from mapping this population in this species' range until its taxonomy can be clarified." 58638,Humerana lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Humerana,lateralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","Records from Malaysia refer to Humerana miopus (Taylor 1962). We follow Ohler (2007) in treating Rana nigrolineata Liu & Hu, 1959 as a synonym of this species." 60798,Lampetra zanandreai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,zanandreai,,,,,"Vladykov, 1955", 57559,Leptobrachium smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,smithi,,,,,"Matsui, Nabhitabhata & Panha, 1999","This species includes the mainland subpopulations previously referred to as Leptobrachium hasseltii, a taxon now restricted to the Indo-Malayan Archipelago. It also includes previous records of L. pullum in Thailand." 57571,Leptobrachella oshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,oshanensis,,,,,"(Liu, 1950)",Inger et al. (1990) considered this taxon to be a subspecies of Leptolalax pelodytoides. 58347,Limnonectes laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,laticeps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",This is no longer a valid species and should be merged with L. khasianus. 41091,Litoria fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,fallax,,,,,"(Peters, 1880)", 58384,Micrixalus saxicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICRIXALIDAE,Micrixalus,saxicola,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1854)", 57876,Microhyla berdmorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,berdmorei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1856)","This form is likely to be a complex of species (R. Inger pers. comm.). Until this complex of more than one species is resolved, Microhyla fowleri is considered to be a synonym of M. berdmorei, contra Dubois (1987). It might be that M. fowleri will be elevated to species status again once species boundaries in the M. berdmorei complex have been resolved (Garg et al. 2018)." 57878,Microhyla butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,butleri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1900", 57891,Microhyla pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,pulchra,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)", 57896,Micryletta inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Micryletta,inornata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","This species is under taxonomic review and is thought to be restricted to Sumatra in Indonesia (A. Hamidy pers. comm. May 2017). It is thought to be a species complex (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop January 2018).

Recognition of the genus Micryletta as distinct from Microhyla, is based on a subjective and partially poor character set (Dubois 1987) and is not followed by some authors (Zhao and Adler 1993)." 15837,Pachychilon pictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pachychilon,pictum,,,,,"(Heckel & Kner, 1858)", 41541,Padogobius bonelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Padogobius,bonelli,,,,,(Bonaparte 1846), 58957,Polypedates megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,megacephalus,,,,,"Hallowell, 1860","Matsui et al. (1986) demonstrated that Polypedates megacephalus is distinct from P. leucomystax. P. megacephalus is a member of the poorly known P. leucomystax complex of cryptic species. Until a comprehensive taxonomic revision of this complex is undertaken, we follow Orlov et al. (2001) in restricting P. megacephalus to populations north of the Red River of Viet Nam, and we consider populations south of the Red River, including western Yunnan (China) but excluding northeastern India, to belong to P. leucomystax. Recent records of P. megacephalus from northeastern India (Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh States) might represent a different member of the P. leucomystax complex, but are retained here until further taxonomic studies are undertaken." 19781,Rutilus aula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rutilus,aula,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1841)", 59032,Theloderma bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,bicolor,,,,,"(Bourret, 1937)", 58023,Uperodon systoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,systoma,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)", 22678135,Tinamus tao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Tinamus,tao,,,,,"Temminck, 1815", 22678139,Tinamus solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Tinamus,solitarius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22724025,Psarocolius guatimozinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,guatimozinus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1853)", 22678145,Tinamus osgoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Tinamus,osgoodi,,,,,"Conover, 1949", 22678357,Penelope barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,barbata,,,,,"Chapman, 1921", 22678151,Tinamus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Tinamus,guttatus,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1863", 22678360,Penelope ortoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,ortoni,,,,,"Salvin, 1874", 22679054,Arborophila davidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,davidi,,,,,"Delacour, 1927", 22679241,Lophura swinhoii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,swinhoii,,,,,"(Gould, 1863)", 22679655,Odontophorus hyperythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,hyperythrus,,,,,"Gould, 1858", 22723926,Cyanocompsa parellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Cyanocompsa,parellina,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 136697925,Lygosoma siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,siamensis,,,,,"Siler, Heitz, Davis, Freitas, Aowphol, Termprayoon & Grismer, 2018","Genetic and morphological research identified three geographically distinct evolutionary lineages within the widespread Lygosoma quadrupes, corresponding to the recently-recognized Philippine form L. tabonorum (Heitz et al. 2016), a taxon restricted to Java to which the name L. quadrupes is applicable, and a lineage found throughout the Southeast Asian mainland (Siler et al. 2018). This latter taxon, representing the major part of the former range of L. quadrupes, was described as the new species L. siamensis by Siler et al. (2018). This description was based on material from Thailand, and these authors recommend further studies to resolve species and distributional limits within L. siamensis as presently understood across Thailand and Indochina. Pending this further work, this account provisionally treats all Asian mainland records of L. quadrupes as being referrable to L. siamensis." 136698073,Lygosoma tabonorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,tabonorum,,,,,"Heitz, Diesmos, Freitas, Ellsworth, Grismer, Aowphol, Brown and Siler, 2016","Heitz et al. (2016) coined the name Lygosoma tabonorum for Philippine populations then contained within Lygosoma quadrupes, on the basis of both genetic and morphological evidence. A subsequent revision of the L. quadrupes complex supported recognition of L. tabonorum as a distinct species (Siler et al. 2018)." 22723807,Pheucticus tibialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Pheucticus,tibialis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1867", 136705561,Lygosoma schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,schneideri,,,,,Werner 1900,The single known specimen of Lygosoma schneideri was synonymized with Lygosoma bampfyldei by Boulenger (1912). Grismer et al. (2018) re-examined this specimen during a revision of the taxonomy of L. bampfyldei and identified differences between the holotypes of the two species. These authors consequently resurrected L. schneideri from synonymy. 22723840,Caryothraustes celaeno,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Caryothraustes,celaeno,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)","

Caryothraustes celaeno (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Rhodothraupis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723828,Caryothraustes poliogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Caryothraustes,poliogaster,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1847)", 22724160,Icterus parisorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,parisorum,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838", 22724108,Icterus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,gularis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22724157,Icterus maculialatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,maculialatus,,,,,"Cassin, 1848", 22724099,Icterus auricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,auricapillus,,,,,"Cassin, 1848", 22724096,Icterus mesomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,mesomelas,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22724111,Icterus pustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,pustulatus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22724317,Quiscalus nicaraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Quiscalus,nicaraguensis,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1891", 22724302,Dives dives,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Dives,dives,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)", 22723963,Passerina leclancherii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Passerina,leclancherii,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1840", 22722065,Granatellus sallaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Granatellus,sallaei,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1856", 22723994,Psarocolius wagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,wagleri,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 22724065,Amblycercus holosericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Amblycercus,holosericeus,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)", 22724084,Icterus chrysater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,chrysater,,,,,"(Lesson, 1844)", 136801378,Oreinus dainellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Oreinus,dainellii,,,,,"(Vinciguerra, 1916)", 136801450,Triplophysa marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,marmorata,,,,,"(Heckel, 1838)", 136801573,Batasio pakistanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,pakistanicus,,,,,"Mirza & Jan, 1989", 22722330,Habia olivacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,olivacea,,,,,"(Cassin, 1860)","

Habia olivacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Chlorothraupis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722416,Habia fuscicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,fuscicauda,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)", 22722481,Piranga erythrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,erythrocephala,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22722461,Piranga roseogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,roseogularis,,,,,"(Cabot, 1846)", 22722182,Chlorospingus pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,pileatus,,,,,"Salvin, 1864", 15142027,Schistura arifi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,arifi,,,,,"Mirza & Bănărescu, 1981", 103778667,Junco phaeonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Junco,phaeonotus,,,,,"Wagler, 1831","

Junco phaeonotus and J. bairdi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as J. phaeonotus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721094,Junco vulcani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Junco,vulcani,,,,,"(Boucard, 1878)", 22721091,Zonotrichia atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Zonotrichia,atricapilla,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22721088,Zonotrichia leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Zonotrichia,leucophrys,,,,,"(Forster, 1772)", 22721064,Melospiza lincolnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melospiza,lincolnii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1834)", 22678154,Nothocercus bonapartei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothocercus,bonapartei,,,,,"Gray, 1867", 22678169,Crypturellus soui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,soui,,,,,"(Hermann, 1783)", 22721058,Melospiza melodia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melospiza,melodia,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)", 22678191,Crypturellus boucardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,boucardi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 136881858,Hypostomus ericae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,ericae,,,,,"Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2005","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie pertence à tribo Hypostomini." 136881882,Hypostomus faveolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,faveolus,,,,,"Zawadzki, Birindelli & Lima, 2008",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini. 136881924,Hypostomus goyazensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,goyazensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie é relativamente comum em coleções, contudo identificadas apenas em nível genérico. Hypostomus goyazensis pertence à tribo Hypostomini." 22721141,Passerculus bairdii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerculus,bairdii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1844)","

Passerculus bairdii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ammodramus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 136883638,Hypostomus hoplonites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,hoplonites,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel, 1988","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie pertence à tribo Hypostomini." 136883721,Hypostomus jaguar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,jaguar,,,,,"Zanata, Sardeiro & Zawadzki, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136883741,Hypostomus kopeyaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,kopeyaka,,,,,"Carvalho, Lima & Zawadzki, 2010","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie pertence à tribo Hypostomini." 136883794,Hypostomus kuarup,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,kuarup,,,,,"Zawadzki, Kullander & Lima, 2012","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie pertence à tribo Hypostomini." 136883844,Hypostomus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,latirostris,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)",Existe a possibilidade de se tratar de um complexo de espécies. 136883909,Hypostomus longiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,longiradiatus,,,,,"(Holly, 1929)","Hypostomus longiradiatus é uma espécie que apresenta dificuldade na definição taxonômica, necessitando de revisão." 136886480,Hypostomus mutucae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,mutucae,,,,,"Knaack, 1999",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136887855,Hypostomus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Garavello, Britski & Zawadzki, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136887998,Hypostomus pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,pantherinus,,,,,"Kner, 1854","Existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie é conhecida apenas do holótipo, um indivíduo juvenil. Não há sinonímia." 136888143,Hypostomus paucipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,paucipunctatus,,,,,"Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2005","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini." 136888162,Hypostomus peckoltoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,peckoltoides,,,,,"Zawadzki, Weber & Pavanelli, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136888175,Hypostomus perdido,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,perdido,,,,,"Zawadzki, Tencatt & Froehlich, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136888203,Hypostomus rondoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,rondoni,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1912)","A identificação da espécie é incerta, pois sua descrição é pouco precisa." 136888238,Hypostomus simios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,simios,,,,,"Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2005","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini." 136888258,Hypostomus soniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,soniae,,,,,"Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2005","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini." 136888270,Hypostomus variostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,variostictus,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1912)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136888345,Hypostomus waiampi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,waiampi,,,,,"Hollanda Carvalho & Weber, 2005","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini." 103780113,Artemisiospiza belli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Artemisiospiza,belli,,,,,"(Cassin, 1850)","

Artemisiospiza belli and A. nevadensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Amphispiza and lumped as A. belli following AOU (1998 and supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 136888610,Hypostomus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,weberi,,,,,"Carvalho, Lima & Zawadzki, 2010","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações relevantes à validação do táxon, nem revisões taxonômicas que requerem uma reavaliação futura. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini." 136889919,Hypsolebias caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,caeruleus,,,,,"Costa, 2013","Hypsolebias caeruleus faz parte do complexo de espécies H. adornatus, que por sua vez faz parte do grupo de espécies H. magnificus, endêmico da bacia do médio rio São Francisco (Costa 2013)." 103780166,Artemisiospiza nevadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Artemisiospiza,nevadensis,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1874)","

Artemisiospiza belli and A. nevadensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Amphispiza and lumped as A. belli following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 136891394,Hypsolebias guanambi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,guanambi,,,,,"Costa & Amorim, 2011", 136891410,Hypsolebias harmonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,harmonicus,,,,,"(Costa, 2010)", 136894563,Hypsolebias lopesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,lopesi,,,,,"(Nielsen, Shibatta, Suzart & Martín, 2010)","A taxonomia de H. lopesi precisa ser investigada. Há possibilidade de ser sinônima de H. adornatus (Costa,W.J.E.M. obs. pess.). Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon:Simpsonichthys lopesi (Nielsen, Shibatta, Suzart e Martín 2010)." 136895026,Hypsolebias marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,marginatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 1996)",Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon:Simpsonichthys marginatus (Costa e Brasil 1996). 136895218,Hypsolebias nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,nitens,,,,,"Costa, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136895261,Hypsolebias notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,notatus,,,,,"(Costa, Lacerda & Brasil, 1990)", 136895353,Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,nudiorbitatus,,,,,"Costa, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136895562,Hypsolebias pterophyllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,pterophyllus,,,,,"Costa, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136895594,Hypsolebias radiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,radiosus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 2004)","A espécie pertence ao grupo de espécies Simpsonichthys notatus, que inclui também Simpsonichthys notatus, Simpsonichthys stellatus, Simpsonichthys similis, Simpsonichthys rufus, Simpsonichthys trilineatus, Simpsonichthys auratus e Simpsonichthys ocellatus. Esse grupo é diagnosticado pelo padrão exclusivo de escamação frontal (Costa e Brasil 2004). Nomes Antigos: Simpsonichthys radiosus (Costa e Brasil 2004)." 136895800,Hypsolebias sertanejo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,sertanejo,,,,,"Costa, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136896943,Hypsolebias tocantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,tocantinensis,,,,,"Nielsen, Cruz & Babtista, 2012", 136897621,Iguanodectes rachovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Iguanodectes,rachovii,,,,,"Regan, 1912","Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. A espécie foi considerada sinônimo júnior de Iguanodectes tenuis (Eigenmann e Myers, 1929), que por sua vez foi considerada sinônimo júnior de Iguanodectes spilurus por Böhlke (1954). Recentemente foi retirada da sinonímia e considerada como espécie válida (Moreira 2003). Um trabalho de revisão do gênero está em desenvolvimento sob autoria de C.L.R. Moreira." 136897650,Iguanodectes variatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Iguanodectes,variatus,,,,,"Géry, 1993",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136897806,Iheringichthys syi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Iheringichthys,syi,,,,,"Azpelicueta & Britski, 2012","Iheringichthys syi foi descrita com base em exemplares dos reservatórios de Jupiá e Ilha Solteira, antes identificados como Iheringichthys labrosus." 136898065,Inpaichthys kerri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Inpaichthys,kerri,,,,,"Géry & Junk, 1977",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136898668,Iracema caiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE,Iracema,caiana,,,,,"Triques, 1996",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há Sinonímia. 22679909,Anser rossii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,rossii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1861)",Anser rossii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chen. 22678185,Crypturellus transfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,transfasciatus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1878)", 135437754,Lophiodes bruchius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,bruchius,,,,,"Caruso, 1981", 135437799,Lophiodes endoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,endoi,,,,,"Ho & Shao, 2008", 135437833,Lophiodes fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,fimbriatus,,,,,"Saruwatari & Mochizuki, 1985", 135437860,Lophiodes gracilimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,gracilimanus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1899)", 135437933,Lophiodes insidiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,insidiator,,,,,"(Regan, 1921)", 135438109,Lophiodes iwamotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,iwamotoi,,,,,"Ho, Séret & Shao, 2011", 135438205,Lophiodes lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,lugubris,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)","This species was previously considered a synonym of Lophiodes mutilus (Caruso 1981), but is now accepted as valid according to Ho et al. (2016)." 135438398,Lophiodes maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,maculatus,,,,,"Ho, Séret & Shao, 2011", 135438435,Lophiodes miacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,miacanthus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)",Some variations were observed in the specimens collected from the Indonesian population. Examination of additional specimens may provide better information for the species (Ho et al. 2016). 135438492,Lophiodes mutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,mutilus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 135438789,Lophiodes naresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,naresi,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 135438843,Lophius litulon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophius,litulon,,,,,"(Jordan, 1902)", 135438953,Sladenia gardineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Sladenia,gardineri,,,,,"Regan, 1908",Preliminary molecular and morphological analysis indicates Sladenia remiger may actually be a junior synonym of S. gardineri (J. Caruso pers. comm. 2019). 135438973,Sladenia remiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Sladenia,remiger,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912",Preliminary molecular and morphological analysis indicates Sladenia remiger may actually be a junior synonym of S. gardineri (J. Caruso pers. comm. 2019). 135439071,Sladenia zhui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Sladenia,zhui,,,,,"Ni, Wu & Li, 2012", 135441349,Lophiodes triradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHIIDAE,Lophiodes,triradiatus,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1909)",Lophiodes infrabrunneus is a junior synonym of L. triradiatus (Ho et al. 2014). 22721200,Amphispiza quinquestriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Amphispiza,quinquestriata,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)", 22721191,Chondestes grammacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chondestes,grammacus,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 136926534,Asterophrys foja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Asterophrys,foja,,,,,"(Günther, Richards & Tjaturadi, 2016)", 22721188,Pooecetes gramineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pooecetes,gramineus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 136928157,Austrochaperina punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,punctata,,,,,"(Van Kampen, 1913)",This species has been elevated from synonymy with Austrochaperina macrorhyncha (Günther 2017). 136928237,Austrochaperina rudolfarndti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,rudolfarndti,,,,,"Günther, 2017",This species has been elevated from synonymy with Austrochaperina macrorhyncha (Günther 2017). 136928887,Ituglanis agreste,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,agreste,,,,,"Lima, Neves & Campos-Paiva, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136928947,Ituglanis bambui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,bambui,,,,,"Bichuette & Trajano, 2004", 136929086,Ituglanis ina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,ina,,,,,"Wosiacki, Dutra & Mendonça, 2012",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie é prontamente reconhecível através de caracteres diagnósticos. 136929121,Ituglanis macunaima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,macunaima,,,,,"Datovo & Landim, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Sinonímias desconhecidas. 136929276,Ituglanis parkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,parkoi,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1944)","Ituglanis parkoi foi descrita para uma área mal conhecida: rio Iticoaí, entre o rio das Pedras e o rio Ituí. Nos mapas do Brasil, no entanto, não encontra-se um rio de nome Iticoaí, porém encontra-se o rio Itacuaí. Há, então, uma necessidade de coleta de mais exemplares desta área com o objetivo de melhor caracterizar a espécie I. parkoi e confirmar sua validade taxonômica (Canto 2009)." 136929322,Ituglanis passensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,passensis,,,,,"Fernández & Bichuette, 2002", 136929366,Ituglanis ramiroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,ramiroi,,,,,"Bichuette & Trajano, 2004", 136929448,Ivanacara adoketa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ivanacara,adoketa,,,,,"(Kullander & Prada-Pedreros, 1993)","Valido como Ivanacara adoketa Kullander & Prada-Pedreros 1993. A espécie mudou de gênero de Nannacara para Ivanacara, gênero este que foi recentemente descrito por Römer e Hahn (2007)." 167643,Jupiaba poranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,poranga,,,,,"Zanata, 1997",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 22721185,Spizella atrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Spizella,atrogularis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1851)", 136930102,Jupiaba apenima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,apenima,,,,,"Zanata, 1997",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Exemplares da bacia do rio Madeira podem corresponder a um novo táxon. Uma revisão taxonômica é necessária para saber se as variações morfológicas tratam-se de nova espécie ou amplitude de Jupiaba apenima (Lima et al. 2013). 136930149,Jupiaba citrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,citrina,,,,,"Zanata & Ohara, 2009",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930182,Jupiaba elassonaktis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,elassonaktis,,,,,"Pereira & Lucinda, 2007",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930256,Jupiaba iasy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,iasy,,,,,"Netto-Ferreira, Zanata, Birindelli & Sousa, 2009",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930292,Jupiaba kurua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,kurua,,,,,"Birindelli, Zanata, Sousa & Netto-Ferreira, 2009",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930348,Jupiaba minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,minor,,,,,"(Travassos, 1964)","Jupiaba minor foi descrita primeiramente como Deuterodon minor Travassos, 1964. Zanata (1997) ao descrever o gênero Jupiaba, um novo gênero de Tetragonopterinae com osso pélvico em forma de espinho, reconheceu 21 espécies válidas, inclusive Deuterodon minor." 136930427,Jupiaba paranatinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,paranatinga,,,,,"Netto-Ferreira, Zanata, Birindelli & Sousa, 2009",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930461,Jupiaba pirana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,pirana,,,,,"Zanata, 1997",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930471,Choerophryne alainduboisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,alainduboisi,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2018", 136930503,Jupiaba yarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,yarina,,,,,"Zanata, 1997",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930545,Choerophryne bickfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,bickfordi,,,,,"Kraus, 2018", 136930614,Choerophryne bisyllaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,bisyllaba,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2017", 49829587,Knodus chapadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,chapadae,,,,,"(Fowler, 1906)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Astyanax chapadae Fowler, 1906, Bryconamericus chapadae (Fowler, 1906)." 136930735,Choerophryne crucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,crucifer,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2017", 49829998,Knodus moenkhausii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,moenkhausii,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)",As informações atribuídas a Knodus moenkhausii no Brasil se referem a uma espécie em processo de descrição (F. Jerep e F.R. Carvalho com. pess.). 49830019,Knodus savannensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,savannensis,,,,,"Géry, 1961",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136930797,Choerophryne multisyllaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,multisyllaba,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2017", 49829653,Knodus victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,victoriae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Gênero incertae sedis em Characidae (Lima et al. 2003). 136930941,Choerophryne pipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,pipiens,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Tjaturadi, 2018", 136931045,Knodus geryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,geryi,,,,,"Lima, Britski & Machado, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 136928450,Austrochaperina macrorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,macrorhyncha,,,,,"(Van Kampen, 1906)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Austrochaperina punctata and A.rudolfarndti (Günther 2017). 136931161,Knodus heteresthes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,heteresthes,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1908)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 22721179,Spizella pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Spizella,pusilla,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)", 136931648,Krobia xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Krobia,xinguensis,,,,,"Kullander, 2012","Espécie recentemente descrita (2012), com coloração críptica, não diferenciada, podendo ser facilmente confundida com espécies de Aequidens (Kullander com. pess. 2013)." 136931703,Cornufer exedrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,exedrus,,,,,"Travers, Richards, Broadhead & Brown, 2018", 136933090,Litoria nullicedens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,nullicedens,,,,,"Kraus, 2018","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 22721165,Spizella pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Spizella,pallida,,,,,"(Swainson, 1832)", 136934416,Litoria pallidofemora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,pallidofemora,,,,,"Kraus, 2018","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55769,Nyctimystes disruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,disruptus,,,,,"Tyler, 1963", 136935328,Kryptolebias campelloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Kryptolebias,campelloi,,,,,"(Costa, 1990)", 136935374,Oreophryne albitympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,albitympanum,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Tjaturadi, 2018", 136935497,Oreophryne brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,brunnea,,,,,"Kraus, 2017", 136935554,Oreophryne phoebe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,phoebe,,,,,"Kraus, 2017", 22721272,Peucaea cassinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,cassinii,,,,,"(Woodhouse, 1852)", 136936127,Paedophryne titan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Paedophryne,titan,,,,,"Kraus, 2015", 22721208,Peucaea mystacalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,mystacalis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1852)", 22721216,Peucaea humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,humeralis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1851)", 22721224,Peucaea ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,ruficauda,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1853)", 22721280,Peucaea carpalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,carpalis,,,,,"(Coues, 1873)", 22721315,Melozone aberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,aberti,,,,,"(Baird, 1852)", 22721339,Melozone albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,albicollis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22721347,Melozone kieneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,kieneri,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 103776515,Melozone biarcuata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,biarcuata,,,,,"(Prévost & Des Murs, 1846)","

Melozone biarcuata and M. cabanisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. biarcuata following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721291,Aimophila notosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Aimophila,notosticta,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)", 22721294,Aimophila rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Aimophila,rufescens,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22721310,Pipilo erythrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pipilo,erythrophthalmus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22721304,Pipilo chlorurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pipilo,chlorurus,,,,,"(Audubon, 1839)", 60482607,Physiculus karrerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,karrerae,,,,,"Paulin, 1989", 22721307,Pipilo ocai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pipilo,ocai,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)", 22721429,Atlapetes pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,pileatus,,,,,"Wagler, 1831", 180980,Coilia lindmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,lindmani,,,,,"Bleeker, 1857",There is a possibility that the populations from Sundaic southeast Asia are not conspecific with those from mainland southeast Asia. 196318,Stolephorus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,indicus,,,,,"(van Hasselt, 1823)", 22724923,Arremon costaricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,costaricensis,,,,,"(Bangs, 1907)","

Arremon torquatus, A. costaricensis, A. assimilis, A. basilicus, A. perijanus, A. atricapillus, A. phaeopleurus and A. phygas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. torquatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates).

" 22721533,Arremon virenticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,virenticeps,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22721566,Arremon crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,crassirostris,,,,,"(Cassin, 1865)", 22679859,Cygnus buccinator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cygnus,buccinator,,,,,"Richardson, 1832", 22680104,Aix sponsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aix,sponsa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22678530,Crax daubentoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,daubentoni,,,,,"Gray, 1867", 22680163,Mareca americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mareca,americana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Mareca americana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22680174,Anas rubripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,rubripes,,,,,"Brewster, 1902", 22721367,Arremon aurantiirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,aurantiirostris,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1847", 22721557,Pezopetes capitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pezopetes,capitalis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1861", 22678331,Ortalis leucogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,leucogastra,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 22721560,Pselliophorus tibialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pselliophorus,tibialis,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1864)", 22678308,Ortalis cinereiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,cinereiceps,,,,,"Gray, 1867", 22678322,Ortalis wagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,wagleri,,,,,"Gray, 1867", 22722522,Spindalis zena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SPINDALIDAE,Spindalis,zena,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722317,Mitrospingus cassinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MITROSPINGIDAE,Mitrospingus,cassinii,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1861)", 22678325,Ortalis poliocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,poliocephala,,,,,"(Wagler, 1830)", 22723846,Saltator grossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,grossus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22723872,Saltator maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,maximus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22723869,Saltator atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,atriceps,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22723478,Sporophila minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,minuta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103816948,Sporophila torqueola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,torqueola,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Sporophila torqueola and S. morelleti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. torqueola following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22723522,Sporophila nuttingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,nuttingi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1884","

Sporophila nuttingi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723527,Sporophila crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,crassirostris,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Sporophila crassirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22729107,Sporophila funerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,funerea,,,,,"Sclater, 1859",

Sporophila funerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus and listed as O. funereus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

22722080,Coereba flaveola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Coereba,flaveola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 174591,Arthroleptis krokosua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,krokosua,,,,,"Ernst, Agyei & Rödel, 2008", 22722991,Dacnis cayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,cayana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722988,Dacnis venusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,venusta,,,,,"Lawrence, 1862", 22723009,Cyanerpes caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cyanerpes,caeruleus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22722359,Lanio leucothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Lanio,leucothorax,,,,,"Salvin, 1864", 22722377,Heterospingus xanthopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Heterospingus,xanthopygius,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)", 22722281,Chrysothlypis chrysomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chrysothlypis,chrysomelas,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)", 22723000,Chlorophanes spiza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chlorophanes,spiza,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22723640,Diglossa plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,plumbea,,,,,"Cabanis, 1861", 22723128,Acanthidops bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Acanthidops,bairdi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1882", 22722086,Conirostrum leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,leucogenys,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1852", 22722803,Tangara inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,inornata,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)", 22722924,Tangara dowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,dowii,,,,,"(Salvin, 1863)", 22721934,Myioborus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,torquatus,,,,,"(Baird, 1865)", 22721894,Myioborus pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,pictus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1829)", 22721888,Cardellina rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Cardellina,rubra,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)","

Cardellina rubra (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ergaticus and listed as E. ruber following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721879,Cardellina pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Cardellina,pusilla,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)","

Cardellina pusilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Wilsonia following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721882,Cardellina canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Cardellina,canadensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Cardellina canadensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Wilsonia following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 230,Acipenser sturio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,sturio,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Archaelogical remains suggest that Acipenser sturio colonised the Baltic Sea about 3,000 years ago from the North Sea, and vanished from the Baltic Sea about 800 years ago. Climatic changes about 100 years ago (Little Ice Age) might have had an impact indirectly in favouring introgression by hybridization with A. oxyrinchus." 22722019,Basileuterus belli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,belli,,,,,"(Giraud, 1841)", 60776,Tellia apodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Tellia,apodus,,,,,"(Gervais, 1853)",This species was returned to the original genus Tellia by Freyhof & Yoğurtçuoğlu (2020). 182964,Apricaphanius saourensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APHANIIDAE,Apricaphanius,saourensis,,,,,"(Blanco, Hrbek & Doadrio, 2006)",This species was transferred to the genus Apricaphanius by Freyhof & Yoğurtçuoğlu (2020).
135644,Alosa algeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,algeriensis,,,,,"Regan, 1916", 22722022,Basileuterus melanogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,melanogenys,,,,,"Baird, 1865", 22721955,Basileuterus lachrymosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,lachrymosus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Basileuterus lachrymosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Euthlypis and listed as E. lachrymosa following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722041,Myiothlypis fulvicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,fulvicauda,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)","

Myiothlypis fulvicauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Phaeothlypis following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721683,Setophaga townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,townsendi,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)","

Setophaga townsendi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721679,Setophaga nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,nigrescens,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)","

Setophaga nigrescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 40697,Cobitis maroccana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,maroccana,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1929", 60769,Carasobarbus harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carasobarbus,harterti,,,,,"(Günther, 1901)",Borkenhagen and Krupp (2013) transferred this species to the genus Carasobarbus. 136237,Microtus anatolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,anatolicus,,,,,"Kryštufek & Kefioğlu, 2002","The species is unique morphologically and karyotypically (Krystufek and Kefelioglu 2002). Research has confirmed that it is indeed distinct from Microtus dogramacii, as the two species have been recorded in sympatry (Jaarola et al. 2004)." 22721708,Setophaga graciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,graciae,,,,,"Baird, 1865","

Setophaga graciae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721725,Setophaga discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,discolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1809)","

Setophaga discolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721719,Setophaga pinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,pinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Setophaga pinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721664,Setophaga pensylvanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,pensylvanica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Setophaga pensylvanica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721657,Setophaga petechia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,petechia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Setophaga petechia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 135608,Knipowitschia bergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Knipowitschia,bergi,,,,,"(Iljin, 1928)","Fricke et al. (2020) consider this species valid under Hyrcanogobius following some authors who place it in this genus on the basis of slightly different organisation of cephalic sensory pores. Here, we follow Kottelat and Freyhof (2007) and consider it valid in the genus Knipowitschia." 22721695,Setophaga fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,fusca,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","

Setophaga fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 60765,Labeobarbus reinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,reinii,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)",Tsigenopoulos et al. (2010) transferred 'Barbus' reinii to the genus Labeobarbus. 60731,Luciobarbus antinorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,antinorii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)",Levin et al. (2012) transferred this species to the genus Luciobarbus. 61251,Luciobarbus callensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,callensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 22721667,Setophaga magnolia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,magnolia,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)","

Setophaga magnolia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 61310,Luciobarbus figuigensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,figuigensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1913)","Luciobarbus figuiguensis is a partially subterranean species which occurs in parapatry with the closely-related congener L. pallaryi. Since this pair are easily-distinguished by morphological characters, we treat L. figuiguensis as a distinct species, which in evolutionary terms appears to have diverged from L. pallaryi quite recently." 61371,Luciobarbus ksibi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,ksibi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 61382,Luciobarbus labiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,labiosa,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1920)","Luciobarbus maghrebensis Doadrio, Perea & Yahaoui 2015 is a synonym of this species." 61376,Luciobarbus lepineyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,lepineyi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1939)", 60808,Luciobarbus massaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,massaensis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1922)","Barbus issenensis Pellegrin, 1922 is a synonym of this species." 22721670,Setophaga tigrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,tigrina,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Setophaga tigrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 217675561,Luciobarbus nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,nasus,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)","This is the new concept of Luciobarbus nasus, following a systematic review by Doadrio et al. (2016) with the old concept having been divided into four species: Luciobarbus magniatlantis, Luciobarbus guercifensis, Luciobarbus zayanensis, and this new restricted concept of Luciobarbus nasus, each of which are now assessed separately." 61283,Luciobarbus pallaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,pallaryi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1919)", 60406,Luciobarbus setivimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,setivimensis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 22721762,Setophaga ruticilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,ruticilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 60370,Pterocapoeta maroccana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pterocapoeta,maroccana,,,,,"Günther, 1902",Yang et al. (2015) transferred this species to the genus Pterocapoeta. 22721876,Setophaga citrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,citrina,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","

Setophaga citrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Wilsonia following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721854,Geothlypis nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,nelsoni,,,,,"Richmond, 1900", 22721836,Geothlypis trichas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,trichas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22721812,Geothlypis formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,formosa,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)","

Geothlypis formosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oporornis and listed as O. formosus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721824,Geothlypis philadelphia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,philadelphia,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)","

Geothlypis philadelphia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oporornis following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721860,Geothlypis poliocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,poliocephala,,,,,"Baird, 1865", 22721818,Oporornis agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Oporornis,agilis,,,,,"(Wilson, 1812)", 22721630,Leiothlypis virginiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Leiothlypis,virginiae,,,,,"(Baird, 1860)","

Leiothlypis virginiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Vermivora following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 


" 22721627,Leiothlypis ruficapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Leiothlypis,ruficapilla,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)","

Leiothlypis ruficapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Vermivora following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721636,Leiothlypis luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Leiothlypis,luciae,,,,,"(Cooper, 1861)","

Leiothlypis luciae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Vermivora following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 181662,Salmo akairos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,akairos,,,,,"Delling & Doadrio, 2005","Five endemic Salmo populations from northwest Africa are currently recognised as valid species. All are members of the so-called 'Salmo trutta' (brown trout) complex', which is widely distributed across much of the Palearctic region. However, taxonomic classification within this complex remains a matter of discussion due to its complicated evolutionary history and inherent phenotypic diversity. While a consensus regarding the existence of several distinct phylogeographic lineages (Atlantic, Duero, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Marmoratus, Danubian and Tigris) has been reached, the evolutionary relationships between them remain unclear. In northwest Africa, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses have revealed the existence of three major clades which derived from multiple waves of ancient colonisation; (1) an Afro-Atlantic clade inhabiting Mediterranean coastal rivers of North Africa and the Sous River system in Atlantic Morocco, stemming from a colonisation wave of the Atlantic lineage from Iberia, (2) a relict and native clade inhabiting the Draa River in Atlantic Morocco and (3) a native Atlas Mountains clade which probably arose from a reticulate evolutionary event, following invasion by Atlantic trout that introgressed into local populations.

The drawing of concrete conclusions is complicated, however, because the stocking of hatchery trout appears to have driven significant introgression in some populations. Furthermore, the Salmo trutta complex reaches the southern limit of its natural range in northwest Africa, and most rivers in the region are too warm to support trout populations. Those populations that do exist are mostly confined to high altitude streams and lakes, or perennial headwaters of short Mediterranean rivers. This degree of isolation, coupled with the relatively extreme environmental conditions, has permitted localised adaptation and morphological differentiation which is not necessarily reflected in distinct genetic signatures. In fact, the population inhabiting the Draa River (currently valid as Salmo multipunctatus) constitutes the only case in which a fully preserved indigenous genetic signature has been detected. Additional research employing a broader genomic survey has therefore been recommended to more clearly elucidate the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships between northwest African Salmo populations.

Salmo akairos is included in the Afro-Atlantic clade, within which it exhibits a distinct genetic signature. It is endemic to the Sous River, which drains into the Atlantic Ocean in central Morocco and is geographically remote from other trout populations included in this clade. Within the Sous system, subpopulations from Lake Ifni and the Tifnoute River (see 'Distribution') have a common origin, but genetic differences between them suggest they have been isolated from one another for a considerable period of time. In addition, a degree of allele-sharing between trout populations from Lake Ifni and the Laou River (referred to in the scientific literature as the Talembote River), which drains into the Mediterranean Sea in northern Morocco, has also been identified and indicates a probable discontinuous pattern of trout colonisation into the Sous." 22721624,Leiothlypis celata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Leiothlypis,celata,,,,,"(Say, 1823)","

Leiothlypis celata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Vermivora following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 61190,Salmo pallaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,pallaryi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1924","Five endemic Salmo populations from northwest Africa are currently recognised as valid species. All are members of the so-called 'Salmo trutta' (brown trout) complex', which is widely distributed across much of the Palearctic region. However, taxonomic classification within this complex remains a matter of discussion due to its complicated evolutionary history and inherent phenotypic diversity. While a consensus regarding the existence of several distinct phylogeographic lineages (Atlantic, Duero, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Marmoratus, Danubian and Tigris) has been reached, the evolutionary relationships between them remain unclear. In northwest Africa, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses have revealed the existence of three major clades which derived from multiple waves of ancient colonisation; (1) an Afro-Atlantic clade inhabiting Mediterranean coastal rivers of North Africa and the Sous River system in Atlantic Morocco, stemming from a colonisation wave of the Atlantic lineage from Iberia, (2) a relict and native clade inhabiting the Draa River in Atlantic Morocco and (3) a native Atlas Mountains clade which probably arose from a reticulate evolutionary event, following invasion by Atlantic trout that introgressed into local populations.

The drawing of concrete conclusions is complicated, however, because the stocking of hatchery trout appears to have driven significant introgression in some populations. Furthermore, the Salmo trutta complex reaches the southern limit of its natural range in northwest Africa, and most rivers in the region are too warm to support trout populations. Those populations that do exist are mostly confined to high altitude streams and lakes, or perennial headwaters of short Mediterranean rivers. This degree of isolation, coupled with the relatively extreme environmental conditions, has permitted localised adaptation and morphological differentiation which is not necessarily reflected in distinct genetic signatures. In fact, the population inhabiting the Draa River constitutes the only case in which a fully preserved indigenous genetic signature has been detected. Additional research employing a broader genomic survey has therefore been recommended to more clearly elucidate the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships between northwest African Salmo populations.

Salmo pallaryi has not been included in any DNA analysis, but is likely to have belonged to the Atlas Mountains clade given the location of its only known population." 22721621,Leiothlypis peregrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Leiothlypis,peregrina,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)","

Leiothlypis peregrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Vermivora following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 60762,Tropidophoxinellus callensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tropidophoxinellus,callensis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1850)",Perea et al. (2010) transferred this species to the genus Tropidophoxinellus. 22721651,Oreothlypis gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Oreothlypis,gutturalis,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)","

Oreothlypis gutturalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Parula following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721645,Oreothlypis superciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Oreothlypis,superciliosa,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)","

Oreothlypis superciliosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Parula following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721765,Protonotaria citrea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Protonotaria,citrea,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22721758,Mniotilta varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Mniotilta,varia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22721793,Parkesia noveboracensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Parkesia,noveboracensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22721803,Parkesia motacilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Parkesia,motacilla,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1809)", 22721768,Helmitheros vermivorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Helmitheros,vermivorum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22721046,Plectrophenax hyperboreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALCARIIDAE,Plectrophenax,hyperboreus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1884", 203547,Erythrolamprus epinephelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Erythrolamprus,epinephelus,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)","The name Erythrolamprus epinephelus as presently understood encompasses a widespread complex of snakes that probably contains ""at least three or four"", possibly unrelated, clades (G. Rivas pers. comm. 2018)." 22721025,Rhynchophanes mccownii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALCARIIDAE,Rhynchophanes,mccownii,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1851)", 22721037,Calcarius pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALCARIIDAE,Calcarius,pictus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1832)", 13168,Meriones sacramenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,sacramenti,,,,,"Thomas, 1922", 44579514,Pseudogonatodes manessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pseudogonatodes,manessi,,,,,"Avila-Pires & Hoogmoed, 2000","A record of Pseudogonatodes manessi from the Peninsula de Paria has been found to represent a distinct, undescribed species in a recent genetic analysis (M. Jowers unpubl. data)." 135446364,Beaglichthys bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Beaglichthys,bleekeri,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 135446376,Beaglichthys larsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Beaglichthys,larsonae,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 135446420,Beaglichthys macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Beaglichthys,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Machida, 1993", 135446685,Brosmolus longicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Brosmolus,longicaudus,,,,,"Machida, 1993", 135446731,Brotulinella taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Brotulinella,taiwanensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 135446863,Dactylosurculus gomoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dactylosurculus,gomoni,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 135447285,Dermatopsis greenfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsis,greenfieldi,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2006", 135447486,Dermatopsis hoesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsis,hoesei,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2006", 135447515,Dermatopsis joergennielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsis,joergennielseni,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2006", 135447519,Dermatopsis macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsis,macrodon,,,,,"Ogilby, 1896", 135447628,Dermatopsis multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsis,multiradiatus,,,,,"McCulloch & Waite, 1918", 163740,Heliogomphus kelantanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,kelantanensis,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1902)",

As noted in Dow & Stokvis (2018) Heliogomphus borneensis is very similar to Heliogomphus kelantanensis and may eventually prove to be a junior synonym of it.

163716,Ictinogomphus acutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,acutus,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1914)", 163785,Linaeschna polli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Linaeschna,polli,,,,,"Martin, 1909",The female of Linaeschna polli is unknown. 163794,Macrogomphus decemlineatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,decemlineatus,,,,,"(Sélys, 1878)", 163670,Mortonagrion alcyone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,alcyone,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1931)","This species was originally described as Argiocnemis alcyone. The relationship of Argiocnemis, Agriocnemis and Mortonagrion to one another, and the status of the latter two genera, need to be clarified, but this species may well belong in Argiocnemis." 163600,Pericnemis triangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,triangularis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931","

Orr & Hämäläinen (2013) placed specimens from Brunei and Sarawak that had previously treated as P. triangularis into two new species, leaving only the holotype female under the name P. triangularis.

" 163743,Prodasineura peramoena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,peramoena,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1913)","

“Prodasineura peramoena was described from specimens from Lawas and Limbang District (Laidlaw 1913). Later it was recorded from the Kapit side of the main Dulit ridge and from Marudi (Kimmins 1936), but these specimens differ from the type in having reduced red colouration on the prothorax. Later similar forms, differing in having further reduced and less intensely red markings (orange-red rather than bright scarlet) were recorded from Brunei (e.g. Orr (2001) as Prodasineura sp. aff. hosei) and other parts of Sarawak (Bintulu, Kapit and Miri Divisions, including on the Kapit side of Mount Dulit). In 2016 I found specimens with even further reduced red markings in the Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kuching Division. I have compared recently collected specimens directly against the type of P. peramoena and the series examined by Kimmins, they are structurally identical but the colour differences are striking. Fresh material from locations in Limbang Division is needed, and although it is peculiar that no recently collected specimens have the bright red markings of older material, I suspect that all these forms are merely variations of P. peramoena and have listed all records from Sarawak under this species accordingly.” Dow (2019, in press), the same view is taken for assessment purposes.

" 163804,Vestalis anacolosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,anacolosa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965","

Vestalis anacolosa is very likely to be the same species as V. atropha (see Dow et al. 2018), in which case since both were described in Lieftinck (1965) it will be up to the first reviser to decide which name is the junior synonym. However in the opinion of the assessor the name V. atropha is to be preferred, if for no other reason than that it has appeared in the literature more often than V. anacolosa. Records of V. anacolosa from Sarawak certainly refer to V. atropha (Dow et al. 2018).

" 163807,Vestalis luctuosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,luctuosa,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 22720712,Hesperiphona abeillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Hesperiphona,abeillei,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)","

Hesperiphona abeillei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Coccothraustes following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22720362,Spinus atriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,atriceps,,,,,"(Salvin, 1863)","

Spinus atriceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22722790,Chlorophonia callophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorophonia,callophrys,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)", 22722787,Chlorophonia occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Chlorophonia,occipitalis,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1847)", 22722766,Euphonia xanthogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,xanthogaster,,,,,"Sundevall, 1834", 22722763,Euphonia anneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,anneae,,,,,"Cassin, 1865", 22722750,Euphonia gouldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,gouldi,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22722744,Euphonia imitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,imitans,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1936)", 22722747,Euphonia fulvicrissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,fulvicrissa,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22722703,Euphonia luteicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,luteicapilla,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)", 22722700,Euphonia affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,affinis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1842)", 22718560,Anthus cervinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,cervinus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22718348,Motacilla alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,alba,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22720027,Peucedramus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PEUCEDRAMIDAE,Peucedramus,taeniatus,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1847)", 22708139,Phainopepla nitens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILIOGONATIDAE,Phainopepla,nitens,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22708136,Ptiliogonys caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILIOGONATIDAE,Ptiliogonys,caudatus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)","

The generic name of Ptiliogonys caudatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ptilogonys following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 167476,Euthygomphus parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Euthygomphus,parvus,,,,,"(Krüger, 1899)","Euthygomphus parvus was placed in Merogomphus until Kosterin (2016) transferred it to his new genus Euthygomphus. In the same publication Kosterin showed that records of E. parvus from north of peninsula Thailand actually refer to E. yunnanensis and “parvus has not been in fact reported northerly of Malay Peninsula”, leaving some ambiguity over a record in Asahina (1986) from Khao Chang Forest in Trang Province, peninsula Thailand. The record from Trang is treated as in need of confirmation for assessment purposes, but may well refer to E. parvus." 163612,Macrogomphus parallelogramma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,parallelogramma,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","

Macrogomphus parallelogramma was by Burmeister (1839) based on a single female specimen from an unspecified location in Java, later Selys & Hagen (1858) published a fairly detailed description of the female specimen (the holotype), it is not clear to the assessor if this specimen is still in existence. Later Selys (1878) described males from Java that he supposed to be the same species and also described M. albardae Selys, 1878 from specimens stated to be from the south of Sumatra although Lieftinck (1935) states that one of these is actually from Banka off the coast of southern Sumatra. Lieftinck (1935) treated M. albardae as a subspecies of M. parallelogramma and this view was followed by most authorities until Kosterin (2019) treated M. albardae as a separate species, but noted that it might actually be a junior synonym of M. parallelogramma. The fundamental problem here is that of correctly associating males with the holotype of M. parallelogramma and this problem remains unresolved. In these circumstances only the holotype can be definitely regarded as M. parallelogramma.


" 190789,Macrogomphus thoracicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,thoracicus,,,,,"McLachlan, 1884", 135439270,Acarobythites larsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Acarobythites,larsonae,,,,,"Machida, 2000", 135439406,Anacanthobythites platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Anacanthobythites,platycephalus,,,,,"Anderson, 2008", 135439439,Anacanthobythites tasmaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Anacanthobythites,tasmaniensis,,,,,"Anderson, 2008", 135439455,Barathronus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,affinis,,,,,"Brauer, 1906", 135439465,Barathronus bruuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,bruuni,,,,,"Nielsen, 1969", 135439483,Barathronus diaphanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,diaphanus,,,,,"Brauer, 1906", 135439487,Barathronus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,pacificus,,,,,"Nielsen & Eagle, 1974", 135439613,Bellottia galatheae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bellottia,galatheae,,,,,"Nielsen & Møller, 2008", 135439661,Bidenichthys capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bidenichthys,capensis,,,,,"Barnard, 1934", 135439731,Bidenichthys consobrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bidenichthys,consobrinus,,,,,"(Hutton, 1876)","Specimens identified as this species taken in relatively shallow waters are likely to be a separate species from specimens taken in deeper waters. The species Bidenichthys consobrinus is argued to be the more common, shallow-water species, with B. beeblebroxi as a junior synonym. The more rare, deep-water specimens probably represent B. paxtoni (Møller and Nielsen 2015)." 135439767,Bidenichthys paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bidenichthys,paxtoni,,,,,"(Nielsen & Cohen, 1986)","This species was previously assigned to the now synonymized genus Fiordichthys (Paulin 1995, Nielsen et al. 2004, Møller and Nielsen 2015). Specimens of Bidenichthys consobrinus or B. beeblebroxi captured at deeper depths possibly represent B. paxtoni, but further work is needed (A. Williams pers. comm. 2019)." 135439808,Bidenichthys slartibartfasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Bidenichthys,slartibartfasti,,,,,"(Paulin, 1995)", 135440284,Brosmodorsalis persicinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Brosmodorsalis,persicinus,,,,,"Paulin & Roberts, 1989", 135440446,Brosmophyciops pautzkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Brosmophyciops,pautzkei,,,,,"Schultz, 1960",Future taxonomic work may reveal separate species within Brosmophyciops pautzkei (Nielsen et al. 1999). 135440575,Brosmophycis marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Brosmophycis,marginata,,,,,"(Ayres, 1854)", 135440669,Cataetyx hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Gosline, 1954",The genus Cataetyx needs revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 135440679,Cataetyx lepidogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,lepidogenys,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1913)",The Cataetyx genus needs revision (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 135440698,Cataetyx platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,platyrhynchus,,,,,"Machida, 1984",The Cataetyx genus needs revision (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 135440702,Cataetyx rubrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,rubrirostris,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890",The genus Cataetyx needs revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 135440706,Cataetyx simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,simus,,,,,"Garman, 1899",The genus Cataetyx needs revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 135440784,Diplacanthopoma brunneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,brunneum,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 135440838,Diplacanthopoma japonicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,japonicum,,,,,"(Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887)", 135440855,Diplacanthopoma jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,jordani,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 135440859,Diplacanthopoma kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,kreffti,,,,,"Cohen & Nielsen, 2002", 135440869,Diplacanthopoma nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,nigripinnis,,,,,"Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924", 135441087,Diplacanthopoma raniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,raniceps,,,,,"Alcock, 1898", 135441092,Diplacanthopoma riversandersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Diplacanthopoma,riversandersoni,,,,,"Alcock, 1895", 135441259,Cataetyx nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Cataetyx,nielseni,,,,,"Balushkin & Prokofiev, 2005",The Cataetyx genus needs revision (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 135442422,Ematops randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Ematops,randalli,,,,,"(Cohen & Wourms, 1976)", 135442447,Grammonus nagaredai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,nagaredai,,,,,"Randall & Hughes, 2008", 135442457,Grammonus opisthodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,opisthodon,,,,,"Smith, 1934",This species may be a junior synonym of Grammonus robustus (Nielsen et al. 1999). 135442461,Grammonus thielei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,thielei,,,,,"Nielsen & Cohen, 2004", 135442471,Grammonus waikiki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,waikiki,,,,,"(Cohen, 1964)", 135442485,Grammonus yunokawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,yunokawai,,,,,"Nielsen, 2007", 135442491,Hastatobythites arafurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Hastatobythites,arafurensis,,,,,"Machida, 1997", 135442501,Hephthocara crassiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Hephthocara,crassiceps,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 135442511,Lucifuga inopinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,inopinata,,,,,"Cohen & McCosker, 1998", 135442550,Megacataetyx niki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Megacataetyx,niki,,,,,"(Cohen, 1981)",Some workers apparently only recognize this species in the genus Cataetyx. 135442601,Meteoria pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Meteoria,pauciradiatus,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1997)", 135442607,Microbrotula bentleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,bentleyi,,,,,"Anderson, 2005", 135442614,Microbrotula greenfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,greenfieldi,,,,,"Anderson, 2007", 135442627,Microbrotula punicea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,punicea,,,,,"Anderson, 2007", 135442660,Microbrotula queenslandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,queenslandica,,,,,"Anderson, 2005", 135442693,Microbrotula rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,rubra,,,,,"Gosline, 1953",The Microbrotula genus needs revision (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 135442713,Nybelinella brevidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Nybelinella,brevidorsalis,,,,,"Shcherbachev, 1976", 135442768,Parabrotula tanseimaru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Parabrotula,tanseimaru,,,,,"Miya & Nielsen, 1991", 135442774,Paraphyonus bolini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Paraphyonus,bolini,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1974)", 135442826,Paraphyonus brevidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Paraphyonus,brevidorsalis,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1969)", 135442862,Paraphyonus merretti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Paraphyonus,merretti,,,,,"Nielsen, 2015", 135442899,Paraphyonus solomonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Paraphyonus,solomonensis,,,,,"(Nielsen & Møller, 2008)", 135442924,Parasaccogaster normae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Parasaccogaster,normae,,,,,"(Cohen & Nielsen, 1972)", 135443047,Pseudonus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Pseudonus,acutus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 135443066,Pseudonus squamiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Pseudonus,squamiceps,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1907)", 135443138,Saccogaster brayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,brayae,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012", 135443161,Saccogaster hawaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,hawaii,,,,,"Cohen & Nielsen, 1972", 135443182,Saccogaster horrida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,horrida,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012", 135443202,Saccogaster maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,maculata,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 135443218,Saccogaster nikoliviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,nikoliviae,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012", 135443237,Saccogaster tuberculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Saccogaster,tuberculata,,,,,"(Chan, 1966)", 135443253,Sciadonus longiventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Sciadonus,longiventralis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2018", 135443356,Tuamotuichthys bispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Tuamotuichthys,bispinosus,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 135443392,Tuamotuichthys marshallensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Tuamotuichthys,marshallensis,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans, Møller & Randall, 2006", 135443414,Tuamotuichthys schwarzhansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Tuamotuichthys,schwarzhansi,,,,,"Nielsen & Møller, 2008", 135443456,Thermichthys hollisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Thermichthys,hollisi,,,,,"(Cohen, Rosenblatt & Moser, 1990)",This species was originally described under the genus Bythites (Nielsen and Cohen 2005). 135443535,Timorichthys angustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Timorichthys,angustus,,,,,"Nielsen, Okamoto & Schwarzhans, 2013", 135443590,Carapus mourlani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Carapus,mourlani,,,,,"(Petit, 1934)", 135443770,Carapus sluiteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Carapus,sluiteri,,,,,(Weber 1905), 135443929,Echiodon anchipterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,anchipterus,,,,,"Williams, 1984","This species has been synonymized with Echiodon coheni by some workers (Markle and Olney 1990, Nielsen et al. 1999). According to Williams and Machida (1992), E. anchipterus is a valid species." 135444109,Echiodon neotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,neotes,,,,,"Markle & Olney, 1990", 135444113,Echiodon pegasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,pegasus,,,,,"Markle & Olney, 1990", 135444118,Echiodon prionodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,prionodon,,,,,"Parmentier, 2012", 135444165,Echiodon pukaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,pukaki,,,,,Markle & Olney 1990,"Echiodon pukaki is similar to its sister species, E. cryomargarites, but possesses a higher number of pectoral fin rays (Markle and Olney 1990)." 135444212,Echiodon rendahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,rendahli,,,,,"(Whitley, 1941)", 135444494,Encheliophis boraborensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Encheliophis,boraborensis,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)", 135444803,Encheliophis chardewalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Encheliophis,chardewalli,,,,,"Parmentier, 2004", 135444821,Encheliophis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Encheliophis,gracilis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 135444879,Encheliophis homei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Encheliophis,homei,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 135444944,Encheliophis sagamianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Encheliophis,sagamianus,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1908)", 135444957,Encheliophis vermicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Encheliophis,vermicularis,,,,,"Müller, 1842", 135444969,Encheliophis vermiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Encheliophis,vermiops,,,,,"Markle & Olney, 1990", 135444993,Eurypleuron owasianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Eurypleuron,owasianum,,,,,"(Matsubara, 1953)","Eurypleuron cinereum (Smith 1955) is currently a junior synonym of Eurypleuron owasianum (Eschmeyer et al. 2018), but Williams and Machida (1992) tentatively consider E. cinereum a valid species. If E. cinereum is in fact a valid species, E. owasianum (type locality: Japan) is found in the western Pacific north of 20°N, and E. cinereum (type locality: Mozambique) to the Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific south of 20°N. Further taxonomic work is needed on this possible species-complex." 135445065,Onuxodon fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Onuxodon,fowleri,,,,,"(Smith, 1955)", 135445122,Onuxodon margaritiferae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Onuxodon,margaritiferae,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1921)", 135445875,Onuxodon parvibrachium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Onuxodon,parvibrachium,,,,,"(Fowler, 1927)", 135445918,Pyramodon parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Pyramodon,parini,,,,,"Markle & Olney, 1990", 135445965,Pyramodon punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Pyramodon,punctatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)", 135446036,Pyramodon ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Pyramodon,ventralis,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 135447951,Dipulus caecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dipulus,caecus,,,,,"Waite, 1905", 135447972,Dipulus hutchinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dipulus,hutchinsi,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2006", 135447977,Dipulus norfolkanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dipulus,norfolkanus,,,,,"Machida, 1993", 135447989,Eusurculus andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Eusurculus,andamanensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 135447993,Eusurculus pistillum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Eusurculus,pistillum,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 135447999,Eusurculus pristinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Eusurculus,pristinus,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 137454006,Abyssobrotula hadropercularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Abyssobrotula,hadropercularis,,,,,"Ohashi & Nielsen, 2016", 137455428,Alcockia rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Alcockia,rostrata,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 137455517,Alionematichthys ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,ceylonensis,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 137455534,Alionematichthys phuketensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,phuketensis,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 137455590,Alionematichthys piger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,piger,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 137455635,Alionematichthys plicatosurculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,plicatosurculus,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 137455671,Alionematichthys riukiuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,riukiuensis,,,,,"(Aoyagi, 1954)", 137455698,Alionematichthys samoaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,samoaensis,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 137455704,Alionematichthys shinoharai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,shinoharai,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 137455708,Alionematichthys suluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,suluensis,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 137455719,Alionematichthys winterbottomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,winterbottomi,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 22708132,Ptiliogonys cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILIOGONATIDAE,Ptiliogonys,cinereus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827","

The generic name of Ptiliogonys cinereus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ptilogonys following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 137458129,Apagesoma australe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Apagesoma,australe,,,,,"Nielsen, King & Møller, 2008", 137458789,Araiophos gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Araiophos,gracilis,,,,,"Grey, 1961", 137461025,Argyripnus boreopacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,boreopacificus,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2017", 137461727,Argyripnus brocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,brocki,,,,,"Struhsaker, 1973", 137462266,Argyripnus electronus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,electronus,,,,,"Parin, 1992", 137463132,Argyripnus ephippiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,ephippiatus,,,,,"Gilbert & Cramer, 1897", 137463722,Argyripnus hulleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,hulleyi,,,,,"Quéro, Spitz & Vayne, 2009", 137464293,Argyripnus iridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,iridescens,,,,,"McCulloch, 1926", 137466286,Argyripnus pharos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyripnus,pharos,,,,,"Harold & Lancaster, 2003", 22687026,Glaucis dohrnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Glaucis,dohrnii,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)", 137468437,Argyropelecus lychnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Argyropelecus,lychnus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 137468866,Aristostomias scintillans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Aristostomias,scintillans,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1915)", 137468928,Astronesthes bilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,bilobatus,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1996", 137468988,Astronesthes chrysophekadion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,chrysophekadion,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 137469030,Astronesthes cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,cyaneus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 137469062,Astronesthes dupliglandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,dupliglandis,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1997", 137469080,Astronesthes exsul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,exsul,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 2002", 137469231,Astronesthes fedorovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,fedorovi,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1994", 137469307,Astronesthes formosana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,formosana,,,,,"Liao, Chen & Shao, 2006", 137469400,Astronesthes galapagensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,galapagensis,,,,,"Parin, Borodulina & Hulley, 1999", 137469425,Astronesthes gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,gibbsi,,,,,"Borodulina, 1992", 137469512,Astronesthes ijimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,ijimai,,,,,"Tanaka, 1908", 137469584,Astronesthes lamellosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,lamellosus,,,,,"Goodyear & Gibbs, 1970", 137469612,Astronesthes lampara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,lampara,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1998", 137469631,Astronesthes lucibucca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,lucibucca,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1996", 137469649,Astronesthes lucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,lucifer,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 137469661,Astronesthes luetkeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,luetkeni,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1929", 137469768,Astronesthes lupina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,lupina,,,,,"Whitley, 1941", 137469775,Astronesthes martensii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,martensii,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1871", 137469788,Astronesthes quasiindicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,quasiindicus,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1996", 137469812,Astronesthes spatulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,spatulifer,,,,,"Gibbs & McKinney, 1988", 137469824,Astronesthes splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,splendidus,,,,,"Brauer, 1902","This species is sometimes mis-identified as Astronesthes splendida (Nakabo 2002, Paxton et al. 2006, Liao et al. 2006)." 137469850,Astronesthes tatyanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,tatyanae,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1998", 137469887,Astronesthes tchuvasovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,tchuvasovi,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1996", 137469938,Astronesthes trifibulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Astronesthes,trifibulatus,,,,,"Gibbs, Amaoka & Haruta, 1984",This species has been misspelled as Astronesthes trifibulata in the past. 22708142,Phainoptila melanoxantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILIOGONATIDAE,Phainoptila,melanoxantha,,,,,"Salvin, 1877", 137470743,Barathrodemus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Barathrodemus,nasutus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 137471015,Bassozetus galatheae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,galatheae,,,,,"Nielsen & Merrett, 2000", 137471106,Bassozetus glutinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,glutinosus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)", 137471309,Bassozetus mozambiquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,mozambiquensis,,,,,"Tomiyama, Takami & Fukui, 2016", 137471321,Bassozetus multispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,multispinis,,,,,"Shcherbachev, 1980", 137471343,Bassozetus nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,nasus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 137471371,Bassozetus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,werneri,,,,,"Nielsen & Merrett, 2000", 137471399,Bassozetus zenkevitchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassozetus,zenkevitchi,,,,,"Rass, 1955", 137471542,Bathophilus abarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,abarbatus,,,,,"Barnett & Gibbs, 1968", 137471864,Bathophilus cwyanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,cwyanorum,,,,,"Barnett & Gibbs, 1968", 137471902,Bathophilus flemingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,flemingi,,,,,"Aron & McCrery, 1958", 137471919,Bathophilus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,indicus,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 137472082,Bathophilus kingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,kingi,,,,,"Barnett & Gibbs, 1968", 137472158,Bathophilus novicki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Bathophilus,novicki,,,,,"Barnett & Gibbs, 1968", 137472482,Bathyonus caudalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bathyonus,caudalis,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)",The Bathyonus genus would benefit from a taxonomic revision (Nielsen and Møller 2008). 137472568,Benthocometes australiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Benthocometes,australiensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2010", 137472715,Borostomias pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Borostomias,pacificus,,,,,"(Imai, 1941)", 137472733,Borostomias panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Borostomias,panamensis,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1929", 137472775,Brotula flaviviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotula,flaviviridis,,,,,"Greenfield, 2005", 137472788,Brotula phenax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotula,phenax,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2007", 137472807,Brotula townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotula,townsendi,,,,,"Fowler, 1900", 137472890,Brotulotaenia nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Brotulotaenia,nielseni,,,,,"Cohen, 1974", 137473052,Chauliodus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,barbatus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 137473074,Chauliodus macouni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,macouni,,,,,"Bean, 1890", 137473173,Chauliodus pammelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,pammelas,,,,,"Alcock, 1892", 137473194,Chauliodus vasnetzovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Chauliodus,vasnetzovi,,,,,"Novikova, 1972", 137473327,Cherublemma emmelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Cherublemma,emmelas,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 137473683,Cyclothone atraria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,atraria,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 137473695,Cyclothone signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Cyclothone,signata,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 22708153,Bombycilla cedrorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BOMBYCILLIDAE,Bombycilla,cedrorum,,,,,"Vieillot, 1808", 137474280,Danaphos asteroscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Danaphos,asteroscopus,,,,,"Bruun, 1931", 137474579,Danaphos oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Danaphos,oculatus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 137475316,Dannevigia tusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dannevigia,tusca,,,,,"Whitley, 1941", 137475321,Dentex carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Dentex,carpenteri,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Newman & Russell, 2015","This species was previously part of the Dentex hypselosomus species complex, most similar to D. spariformis." 137475427,Dermatopsoides andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsoides,andersoni,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2006", 137475440,Dermatopsoides kasougae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsoides,kasougae,,,,,"(Smith, 1943)", 137475931,Dermatopsoides morrisonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dermatopsoides,morrisonae,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2006", 137475952,Diancistrus alatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,alatus,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137476204,Diancistrus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,alleni,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137476249,Diancistrus altidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,altidorsalis,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137476260,Diancistrus atollorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,atollorum,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137476345,Diancistrus beateae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,beateae,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137476441,Diancistrus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,brevirostris,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137476465,Diancistrus eremitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,eremitus,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137477075,Diancistrus erythraeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,erythraeus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1946)", 137478075,Diancistrus fijiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,fijiensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137478884,Diancistrus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,fuscus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1946)", 137481157,Diancistrus jackrandalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,jackrandalli,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137481775,Diancistrus jeffjohnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,jeffjohnsoni,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137482694,Diancistrus karinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,karinae,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137483910,Diancistrus katrineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,katrineae,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137484582,Diancistrus leisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,leisi,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137485159,Diancistrus longifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,longifilis,,,,,"Ogilby, 1899", 137485582,Diancistrus machidai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,machidai,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137486238,Diancistrus manciporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,manciporus,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137487256,Diancistrus mcgroutheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,mcgroutheri,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137488091,Diancistrus mennei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,mennei,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137488624,Diancistrus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,niger,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137489033,Diancistrus pohnpeiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,pohnpeiensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137489054,Diancistrus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,robustus,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137489143,Diancistrus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,springeri,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137489179,Diancistrus tongaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,tongaensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 137489196,Diancistrus typhlops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,typhlops,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Hadiaty, 2009", 137489288,Diancistrus vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Diancistrus,vietnamensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 22710886,Sturnus vulgaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Sturnus,vulgaris,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 137498920,Dicrolene quinquarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,quinquarius,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)",The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (J. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019). 137498946,Dicrolene tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,tristis,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913",The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (J. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019). 137498955,Dicrolene vaillanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,vaillanti,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)","The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (Nielsen et al. 1999, J.G. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019)." 137499072,Didymothallus criniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Didymothallus,criniceps,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 137499084,Didymothallus mizolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Didymothallus,mizolepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 137499153,Didymothallus pruvosti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Didymothallus,pruvosti,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 22711118,Toxostoma ocellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,ocellatum,,,,,"(Sclater, 1862)", 22708391,Ridgwayia pinicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Ridgwayia,pinicola,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)",

Ridgwayia pinicola (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera pinicola.

22708385,Ixoreus naevius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Ixoreus,naevius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22734203,Turdus rufopalliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,rufopalliatus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1840", 137496751,Dicrolene filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,filamentosa,,,,,"Garman, 1899","The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (Nielsen et al. 1999, J.G. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019)." 137496810,Dicrolene gregoryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,gregoryi,,,,,"Trotter, 1926","The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (Nielsen et al. 1999, J.G. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019)." 137496824,Dicrolene longimana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,longimana,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913","The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (Nielsen et al. 1999, J.G. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019)." 137498462,Dicrolene mesogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,mesogramma,,,,,"Shcherbachev, 1980","The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (Nielsen et al. 1999, J.G. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019)." 137498884,Dicrolene nigricaudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,nigricaudis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1891)","The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (Nielsen et al. 1999, J.G. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019)." 137498902,Dicrolene pullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Dicrolene,pullata,,,,,"Garman, 1899","The genus Dicrolene needs urgent revision (Nielsen et al. 1999, J.G. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019)." 137499322,Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dinematichthys,iluocoeteoides,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 137499376,Dinematichthys trilobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Dinematichthys,trilobatus,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 137516825,Diplophos australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Diplophos,australis,,,,,"Ozawa, Oda & Ida, 1990", 137516856,Diplophos orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Diplophos,orientalis,,,,,"Matsubara, 1940", 137516877,Diplophos pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Diplophos,pacificus,,,,,"Günther, 1889","There is some uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of this species (Ozawa et al. 1990). This species is part of the Diplophos taenia-complex, and requires further revision (A. Harold pers. comm. 2019)." 137516940,Diplophos proximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Diplophos,proximus,,,,,"Parr, 1931", 137517016,Diplostomias indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Diplostomias,indicus,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1967", 137517119,Echiodon coheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,CARAPIDAE,Echiodon,coheni,,,,,"Williams, 1984","Echiodon anchipterus has been considered a junior synonym of this species (E. coheni) in past literature (Markle and Olney 1990, Nielsen et al. 1999). However, according to Williams and Machida (1992), E. anchipterus is a valid species separate from E. coheni." 137519294,Enchelybrotula gomoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Enchelybrotula,gomoni,,,,,"Cohen, 1982", 137519413,Enchelybrotula paucidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Enchelybrotula,paucidens,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913","The species Enchelybrotula paucidens and E. gomoni are easily confused, and further materials are needed to clarify taxonomy (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 137521266,Epetriodus freddyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Epetriodus,freddyi,,,,,"Cohen & Nielsen, 1978", 137522233,Eupogonesthes xenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eupogonesthes,xenicus,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1993", 137522168,Eretmichthys pinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Eretmichthys,pinnatus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", A taxonomic revision is needed (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 22708905,Turdus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,obsoletus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1862", 22708844,Turdus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,nigrescens,,,,,"Cabanis, 1861", 22708667,Catharus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,guttatus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22708658,Catharus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,minimus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1848)", 137546677,Eustomias appositus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,appositus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546680,Eustomias australensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,australensis,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546683,Eustomias bertelseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bertelseni,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546685,Eustomias bibulboides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bibulboides,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546688,Eustomias bifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bifilis,,,,,"Gibbs, 1960", 137546691,Eustomias bimargaritoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bimargaritoides,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546694,Eustomias bituberoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bituberoides,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546697,Eustomias bulbiramis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bulbiramis,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546700,Eustomias bulbornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,bulbornatus,,,,,"Gibbs, 1960", 137546703,Eustomias cancriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,cancriensis,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546706,Eustomias cirritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,cirritus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546709,Eustomias crossotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,crossotus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546712,Eustomias crucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,crucis,,,,,"Gibbs & Craddock, 1973", 137546715,Eustomias curtatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,curtatus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546718,Eustomias danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,danae,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546721,Eustomias deofamiliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,deofamiliaris,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546724,Eustomias diplomastiga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,diplomastiga,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2018", 137546727,Eustomias elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,elongatus,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546730,Eustomias flagellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,flagellifer,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546733,Eustomias gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,gibbsi,,,,,"Johnson & Rosenblatt, 1971", 137546736,Eustomias inconstans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,inconstans,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546739,Eustomias interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,interruptus,,,,,"Clarke, 1999", 137546742,Eustomias ioani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,ioani,,,,,"Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1974", 137546745,Eustomias kukuevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,kukuevi,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2018", 137546748,Eustomias longiramis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,longiramis,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546751,Eustomias magnificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,magnificus,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546754,Eustomias mavka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,mavka,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2018", 137546757,Eustomias melanostigmoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,melanostigmoides,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546760,Eustomias mesostenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,mesostenus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546763,Eustomias minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,minimus,,,,,"Clarke, 1999",There is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species. 137546766,Eustomias multifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,multifilis,,,,,"Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1978", 137546769,Eustomias orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,orientalis,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546772,Eustomias pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,pacificus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546775,Eustomias parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,parini,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546778,Eustomias paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,paxtoni,,,,,"Clarke, 2001", 137546781,Eustomias perplexus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,perplexus,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546784,Eustomias problematicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,problematicus,,,,,"Clarke, 2001",Further taxonomic study is needed on specimens collected elsewhere in the Pacific that are potentially this species to clarify the extent of its distribution (Mundy 2005). 137546787,Eustomias similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,similis,,,,,"Parin, 1978", 137546790,Eustomias teuthidopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,teuthidopsis,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 137546793,Eustomias tomentosis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,tomentosis,,,,,"Clarke, 1998", 137546981,Eustomias uniramis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,uniramis,,,,,"Clarke, 1999", 137548743,Eustomias vitiazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,vitiazi,,,,,"Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1974", 137549329,Eustomias woollardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,woollardi,,,,,"Clarke, 1998", 22708602,Myadestes coloratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,coloratus,,,,,"Nelson, 1912", 22708590,Myadestes occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,occidentalis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1882", 22708556,Sialia currucoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Sialia,currucoides,,,,,"Bechstein, 1798", 137550044,Evynnis mononematos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Evynnis,mononematos,,,,,"Guan, Tang & Wu, 2012", 137551006,Gibberichthys latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,GIBBERICHTHYIDAE,Gibberichthys,latifrons,,,,,"(Thorp, 1969)", 137551063,Glyptophidium argenteum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Glyptophidium,argenteum,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 137551066,Glyptophidium japonicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Glyptophidium,japonicum,,,,,"Kamohara, 1936", 137551069,Glyptophidium longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Glyptophidium,longipes,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 137551218,Glyptophidium lucidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Glyptophidium,lucidum,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 137551236,Glyptophidium macropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Glyptophidium,macropus,,,,,"Alcock, 1894", 137551240,Glyptophidium oceanium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Glyptophidium,oceanium,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 137551338,Gunterichthys bussingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Gunterichthys,bussingi,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 137551353,Gunterichthys coheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Gunterichthys,coheni,,,,,"Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004", 137551374,Hispidoberyx ambagiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,HISPIDOBERYCIDAE,Hispidoberyx,ambagiosus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1981", 137551391,Holcomycteronus aequatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Holcomycteronus,aequatoris,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1913)",The Holcomycteronus genus is in need of revision (Nielsen et al. 2008). 137551403,Holcomycteronus brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Holcomycteronus,brucei,,,,,"(Dollo, 1906)",The Holcomycteronus genus is in need of revision (Nielsen et al. 2008). 137551728,Holcomycteronus digittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Holcomycteronus,digittatus,,,,,"Garman, 1899",The Holcomycteronus genus is in need of revision (Nielsen et al. 2008). 137551777,Holcomycteronus pterotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Holcomycteronus,pterotus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)",The Holcomycteronus genus is in need of revision (Nielsen et al. 2008). 137552007,Homostolus acer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Homostolus,acer,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 137552044,Hoplobrotula badia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Hoplobrotula,badia,,,,,"Machida, 1990", 137552050,Hoplobrotula gnathopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Hoplobrotula,gnathopus,,,,,"(Regan, 1921)", 137552145,Hypopleuron caninum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Hypopleuron,caninum,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 137558965,Ichthyococcus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Ichthyococcus,australis,,,,,"Mukhacheva, 1980", 137558996,Ichthyococcus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Ichthyococcus,elongatus,,,,,"Imai, 1941", 137559051,Ichthyococcus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Ichthyococcus,intermedius,,,,,"Mukhacheva, 1980", 137559151,Ichthyococcus parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Ichthyococcus,parini,,,,,"Mukhacheva, 1980", 137563977,Idiacanthus antrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Idiacanthus,antrostomus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890","Specimens listed as Idiacanthus panamensis are tentatively considered to be synonyms of I. antrostomus (Gibbs 1964, Eschmeyer et al. 2018)." 22708553,Sialia mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Sialia,mexicana,,,,,"Swainson, 1832", 137564171,Lamprogrammus fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lamprogrammus,fragilis,,,,,"Alcock, 1892",The Lamprogrammus genus needs revision (J. Nielsen pers. comm. 2019). 137564220,Lapitaichthys frickei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Lapitaichthys,frickei,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 137565393,Lepophidium hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,hubbsi,,,,,"Robins & Lea, 1978",This species was previously considered a subspecies of Lepophidium microlepis. 137566072,Lepophidium inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Lepophidium,inca,,,,,"Robins & Lea, 1978",This species was previously considered a subspecies of Lepophidium microlepis. 137566161,Leptobrotula breviventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Leptobrotula,breviventralis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1986", 137566263,Leptostomias macronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,macronema,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905",A revision of the Leptostomias genus is needed to clarify the distribution of this species (Mundy 2005). 137566286,Leptostomias multifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,multifilis,,,,,"Imai, 1941",A revision of the Leptostomias genus is needed to clarify the distribution of this species (Mundy 2005). 137566290,Leptostomias robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Leptostomias,robustus,,,,,"Imai, 1941",A revision of the Leptostomias genus is needed to clarify the distribution of this species (Mundy 2005). 137566382,Leucicorus lusciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Leucicorus,lusciosus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 137566428,Luciobrotula bartschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Luciobrotula,bartschi,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 137566486,Luciobrotula coheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Luciobrotula,coheni,,,,,"Nielsen, 2009", 137566591,Lutjanus xanthopinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,xanthopinnis,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Tanaka & Allen, 2015","Recently described, separated from L. madras (Iwaktsuki et al. 2015)." 22709707,Cyanecula svecica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyanecula,svecica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Cyanecula svecica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22711273,Donacobius atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DONACOBIIDAE,Donacobius,atricapilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 137566923,Majungaichthys simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Majungaichthys,simplex,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 137568083,Malacosteus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Malacosteus,australis,,,,,"Kenaley, 2007", 137568123,Manducus greyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Manducus,greyae,,,,,"(Johnson, 1970)", 137568170,Mascarenichthys heemstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Mascarenichthys,heemstrai,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 137568248,Mascarenichthys microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Mascarenichthys,microphthalmus,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 137568477,Mastigopterus imperator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Mastigopterus,imperator,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 137568775,Maurolicus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,australis,,,,,"Hector, 1875","This species has been confused with Maurolicus muelleri, however, M. muelleri is considered an Atlantic species (Flynn and Pogonoski 2012)." 137568785,Maurolicus imperatorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,imperatorius,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993", 137568863,Maurolicus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,japonicus,,,,,"Ishikawa, 1915", 137568872,Maurolicus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,javanicus,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993", 137568884,Maurolicus kornilovorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,kornilovorum,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993", 137568888,Maurolicus mucronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,mucronatus,,,,,"Klunzinger, 1871", 137568977,Maurolicus rudjakovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Maurolicus,rudjakovi,,,,,"Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993", 137569297,Melamphaes acanthomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,acanthomus,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 137569340,Melamphaes contradictorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,contradictorius,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2015", 137569640,Melamphaes danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,danae,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 137569717,Melamphaes eurous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,eurous,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2016", 137569775,Melamphaes indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,indicus,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 137569789,Melamphaes janae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,janae,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 137569859,Melamphaes laeviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,laeviceps,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 137569875,Melamphaes lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,lugubris,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 137569915,Melamphaes macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,macrocephalus,,,,,"Parr, 1931", 137569930,Melamphaes nikolayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,nikolayi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2012", 137569933,Melamphaes occlusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,occlusus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2012", 137569944,Melamphaes pachystomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,pachystomus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2011", 137569964,Melamphaes papavereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,papavereus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2016", 137570216,Melamphaes parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,parini,,,,,"Kotlyar, 1999", 137570258,Melamphaes proximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,proximus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2015", 137570304,Melamphaes shcherbachevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,shcherbachevi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2015", 137570319,Melamphaes succedanaus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,succedanaus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2015", 137570333,Melamphaes xestoachidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,xestoachidus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2011", 137570680,Melamphaes parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Melamphaes,parvus,,,,,"Ebeling, 1962", 22724488,Synallaxis cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,cinerea,,,,,"Wied, 1831",Synallaxis cinerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as S. whitneyi. 22716861,Chamaea fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Chamaea,fasciata,,,,,"(Gambel, 1845)","Chamaea has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Additional proposed subspecies include intermedia (from interior and S areas of San Francisco Bay region of California), synonymized with rufula, and canicauda (from NW Baja California), treated as synonym of henshawi. Five subspecies recognized." 22712567,Regulus calendula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REGULIDAE,Regulus,calendula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22708163,Cinclus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CINCLIDAE,Cinclus,mexicanus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 137574113,Melanostomias globulifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,globulifer,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 137574133,Melanostomias nigroaxialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,nigroaxialis,,,,,"Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1978", 137574140,Melanostomias pollicifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,pollicifer,,,,,"Parin & Pokhil'skaya, 1978", 137574172,Melanostomias stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,stewarti,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 137574247,Melanostomias vierecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Melanostomias,vierecki,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 137574454,Monognathus ahlstromi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,ahlstromi,,,,,"Raju, 1974", 137574462,Monognathus berteli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,berteli,,,,,"Nielsen & Hartel, 1996", 137574474,Monognathus bruuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,bruuni,,,,,"Bertin, 1936", 137574565,Monognathus isaacsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,isaacsi,,,,,"Raju, 1974", 137574584,Monognathus jesse,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,jesse,,,,,"Raju, 1974", 137574614,Monognathus ozawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,ozawai,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 137574638,Monognathus rajui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,rajui,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 137575141,Monognathus rosenblatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,rosenblatti,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 137575160,Monognathus smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,MONOGNATHIDAE,Monognathus,smithi,,,,,"Bertelsen & Nielsen, 1987", 137575307,Monomitopus conjugator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,conjugator,,,,,"(Alcock, 1896)","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575412,Monomitopus garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,garmani,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1913)","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575497,Monomitopus kumae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,kumae,,,,,"Jordan & Hubbs, 1925","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575616,Monomitopus longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,longiceps,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575642,Monomitopus malispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,malispinosus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575689,Monomitopus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,microlepis,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575721,Monomitopus nigripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,nigripinnis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575782,Monomitopus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,pallidus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575848,Monomitopus torvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,torvus,,,,,"Garman, 1899","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575874,Monomitopus vitiazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Monomitopus,vitiazi,,,,,"(Nielsen, 1971)","The genus Monomitopus needs taxonomic revision (Carter and Cohen 1985, Nielsen et al. 1999, Nielsen and Møller 2008)." 137575992,Monothrix polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Monothrix,polylepis,,,,,"Ogilby, 1897",Specimens identified as this species from South Australia may represent a distinct species (Hoese et al. 2006). 137576275,Nemipterus flavomandibularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Nemipterus,flavomandibularis,,,,,"Russell & Tweddle, 2013", 137576389,Neobythites alcocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,alcocki,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 137576396,Neobythites analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,analis,,,,,"Barnard, 1927", 137576427,Neobythites andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,andamanensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 22711438,Cantorchilus nigricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,nigricapillus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)",

Cantorchilus nigricapillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus nigricapillus.

103889576,Cantorchilus zeledoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,zeledoni,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1878)","

Cantorchilus modestus and C. zeledoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Thryothorus modestus following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22711444,Cantorchilus leucopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,leucopogon,,,,,"(Salvadori & Festa, 1899)",

Cantorchilus leucopogon (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus leucopogon.

 

22711447,Thryophilus pleurostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryophilus,pleurostictus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)",

Thryophilus pleurostictus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus maculipectus.

22711461,Thryophilus sinaloa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryophilus,sinaloa,,,,,"Baird, 1864",

Thryophilus sinaloa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus sinaloa.

22711427,Pheugopedius rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,rutilus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)",

Pheugopedius rutilus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus rutilus.

22711287,Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,brunneicapillus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1835)", 22711374,Cistothorus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cistothorus,palustris,,,,,"(Wilson, 1807)", 22711512,Thryorchilus browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryorchilus,browni,,,,,"(Bangs, 1902)", 103885731,Troglodytes hiemalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,hiemalis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819","

Troglodytes troglodytes, T. pacificus and T. hiemalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. troglodytes following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103884879,Troglodytes pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,pacificus,,,,,"(Baird, 1864)","

Troglodytes troglodytes, T. pacificus and T. hiemalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. troglodytes following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22711335,Catherpes mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Catherpes,mexicanus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1829)", 22711332,Salpinctes obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Salpinctes,obsoletus,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 22711244,Certhia americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,americana,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838", 22711732,Poecile sclateri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,sclateri,,,,,"(Kleinschmidt, 1897)",Poecile sclateri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Parus sclateri. 22712252,Hirundo rustica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,rustica,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22712435,Petrochelidon fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Petrochelidon,fulva,,,,,"Vieillot, 1807", 22712162,Stelgidopteryx ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Stelgidopteryx,ruficollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22712143,Atticora tibialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Atticora,tibialis,,,,,"(Cassin, 1853)",

Atticora tibialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Neochelidon tibialis.

 

22712134,Atticora pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Atticora,pileata,,,,,"Gould, 1858",

Atticora pileata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Notiochelidon pileata.

22712122,Pygochelidon cyanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Pygochelidon,cyanoleuca,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 114179309,Eustomias suluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Eustomias,suluensis,,,,,"Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon, 1983", 22733821,Tachycineta albilinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,albilinea,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1863)", 22678376,Penelope purpurascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,purpurascens,,,,,"Wagler, 1830", 22712092,Progne tapera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,tapera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22712110,Progne chalybea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,chalybea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22679720,Rhynchortyx cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Rhynchortyx,cinctus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1876)", 22717434,Eremophila alpestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Eremophila,alpestris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22705999,Corvus sinaloae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,sinaloae,,,,,"Davis, 1958", 22705996,Corvus imparatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,imparatus,,,,,"Peters, 1929", 22679586,Dendrortyx leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Dendrortyx,leucophrys,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 22679615,Philortyx fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Philortyx,fasciatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 22705642,Aphelocoma unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Aphelocoma,unicolor,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1847)", 22680229,Spatula discors,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,discors,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Spatula discors (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22724961,Aphelocoma ultramarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Aphelocoma,ultramarina,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1825)", 22705699,Cyanocorax beecheii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,beecheii,,,,,"(Vigors, 1829)", 22705693,Cyanocorax yucatanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,yucatanicus,,,,,"(Dubois, 1875)", 22705687,Cyanocorax sanblasianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,sanblasianus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1842)", 22679623,Colinus nigrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Colinus,nigrogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 45093155,Colinus leucopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Colinus,leucopogon,,,,,"(Lesson, 1842)","Colinus cristatus and C. leucopogon (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cristatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22705723,Cyanocorax affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,affinis,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1856", 22705742,Cyanocorax morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,morio,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)",

Cyanocorax morio (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Psilorhinus morio.

 

22680367,Aythya americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,americana,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)", 22705760,Cyanocorax formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,formosus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)",

Cyanocorax formosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Calocitta formosa.

22705663,Cyanolyca cucullata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,cucullata,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1885)", 22705678,Cyanolyca argentigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,argentigula,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1875)", 22705669,Cyanolyca pumilo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,pumilo,,,,,"(Strickland, 1849)", 22689633,Steatornis caripensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,STEATORNITHIDAE,Steatornis,caripensis,,,,,"Humboldt, 1817", 22679789,Nomonyx dominicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Nomonyx,dominicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 81909538,Cynoglossus quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,quadrilineatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","""Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepede 1802)"" was never a valid name for a member of the genus Cynoglossus, but rather a new combination for Pleuronectes bilineatus (Bloch 1787), which is valid as Paraplagusia bilineatus (Bloch 1787). The species of Cynoglossus that has been confused with this should be recognized as C. quadrilineatus (Bleeker 1851) according to Kottelat (2013)." 22705257,Vireo magister,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,magister,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1871)", 22705254,Vireo altiloquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,altiloquus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1808)", 155115462,Vireo olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,olivaceus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Vireo olivaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been split into Red-eyed Vireo V. olivaceus and Chivi Vireo V. chivi, as previously adopted by Stotz et al. (1996). Battey and Klicka (2017) strengthen this case on the basis of complete genetic separation and entirely antithetical patterns of movement but make no attempt to consider morphological characters. Boesman (2016) provides further support via finding that there is an extreme likelihood that there are consistent differences between the songs, (allowing a score of 4), plus chivi has a dark brown versus ruby-red iris (3) and the different migratory habits (maximum permitted score 1). Consequently, Chivi Vireo V. chivi is accorded species status." 22679708,Dactylortyx thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Dactylortyx,thoracicus,,,,,"(Gambel, 1848)", 22735122,Vireo gilvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,gilvus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1808)", 174498,Devadatta argyoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,argyoides,,,,,"(Selys, 1859)","A subspecies, D. a. tiomanensis Laidlaw, 1934 occurs on Tioman Island of the southeast coast of Peninsular Malaysia.  However D. a. tiomanensis apparently differs from D. a. argyroides only in the colouration of the wing tips; it is doubtful whether tiomanenis deserves subspecific status." 59716,Enallagma maldivense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,maldivense,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1902","The type of Enallagma maldivense was examined by K.D. Dijkstra (personal communication) and revealed to not be an Enallagma at all, but some species of Aciagrion, probably the widespread A. borneense." 22705240,Vireo philadelphicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,philadelphicus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1851)", 22680462,Bucephala albeola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Bucephala,albeola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22705234,Vireo solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,solitarius,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)", 22679581,Dendrortyx macroura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Dendrortyx,macroura,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1828)", 22679640,Odontophorus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,melanotis,,,,,"Salvin, 1865", 22705228,Vireo cassinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,cassinii,,,,,"Xántus de Vesey, 1858", 137791878,Alexandresaurus camacan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Alexandresaurus,camacan,,,,,"Rodrigues, Pellegrino, Dixo, Verdade, Pavan, Argolo & Sites, 2007", 22705237,Vireo flavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,flavifrons,,,,,"Vieillot, 1808", 137792366,Calyptommatus leiolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Calyptommatus,leiolepis,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1991", 137792387,Calyptommatus nicterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Calyptommatus,nicterus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1991", 137792439,Calyptommatus sinebrachiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Calyptommatus,sinebrachiatus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1991", 137792497,Marinussaurus curupira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Marinussaurus,curupira,,,,,"Peloso, Pellegrino, Rodrigues, & Ávila-Pires, 2011", 137792643,Procellosaurinus tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Procellosaurinus,tetradactylus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1991", 137792781,Rhachisaurus brachylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Rhachisaurus,brachylepis,,,,,"(Dixon, 1974)", 22705209,Vireo vicinior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,vicinior,,,,,"Coues, 1866", 22705188,Vireo griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,griseus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22705179,Vireo nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,nelsoni,,,,,"Bond, 1936", 22705153,Vireo brevipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,brevipennis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22705213,Pachysylvia hypochrysea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pachysylvia,hypochrysea,,,,,"(Sclater, 1862)",

Pachysylvia hypochrysea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Vireo hypochryseus.

 

22679688,Odontophorus leucolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,leucolaemus,,,,,"Salvin, 1867", 22701109,Manacus vitellinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Manacus,vitellinus,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 22701106,Manacus aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Manacus,aurantiacus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1870)", 22701103,Manacus candei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Manacus,candei,,,,,"(Parzudaki, 1841)", 22701074,Chiroxiphia lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Chiroxiphia,lanceolata,,,,,"(Wagler, 1830)", 22700904,Carpodectes nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Carpodectes,nitidus,,,,,"Salvin, 1865", 22701620,Drymophila genei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,genei,,,,,"(de Filippi, 1847)", 22679385,Polyplectron malacense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Polyplectron,malacense,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22700910,Carpodectes hopkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Carpodectes,hopkei,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1897", 22700859,Lipaugus unirufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,unirufus,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22700877,Cotinga nattererii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cotinga,nattererii,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)", 22700871,Cotinga amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cotinga,amabilis,,,,,"Gould, 1857", 22700925,Querula purpurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Querula,purpurata,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22700673,Pachyramphus homochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,homochrous,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22700641,Pachyramphus cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,cinnamomeus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1861", 22679703,Odontophorus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,guttatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22728212,Cyrtonyx montezumae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Cyrtonyx,montezumae,,,,,"(Vigors, 1830)","Cyrtonyx montezumae and C. sallei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. montezumae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), but prior to that had been treated as two species in Collar and Andrew (1988)." 22700664,Pachyramphus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,rufus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22700638,Pachyramphus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,versicolor,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1843)", 22700692,Tityra inquisitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Tityra,inquisitor,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22680370,Aythya collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,collaris,,,,,"(Donovan, 1809)", 22700500,Tyrannus forficatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,forficatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22700509,Tyrannus dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,dominicensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22700506,Tyrannus tyrannus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,tyrannus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22700497,Tyrannus verticalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,verticalis,,,,,"Say, 1823", 22700494,Tyrannus crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,crassirostris,,,,,"Swainson, 1826", 22700491,Tyrannus vociferans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,vociferans,,,,,"Swainson, 1826", 22680472,Lophodytes cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Lophodytes,cucullatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22700580,Myiodynastes luteiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiodynastes,luteiventris,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22734690,Dendragapus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Dendragapus,obscurus,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 22700536,Conopias albovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Conopias,albovittatus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 22700589,Myiozetetes granadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiozetetes,granadensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1862", 22700583,Myiozetetes cayanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiozetetes,cayanensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22700533,Megarynchus pitangua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Megarynchus,pitangua,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22680364,Aythya valisineria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,valisineria,,,,,"(Wilson, 1814)", 22700599,Philohydor lictor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Philohydor,lictor,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)",Philohydor lictor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitangus lictor. 22700461,Deltarhynchus flammulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Deltarhynchus,flammulatus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1875)", 22700433,Myiarchus crinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,crinitus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 12006,Liolaemus lutzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,lutzae,,,,,"Mertens, 1938",Was under Iguanidae. 22700430,Myiarchus nuttingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,nuttingi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1882", 137970923,Agama lanzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,lanzai,,,,,"Wagner, Leaché, Mazuch & Böhme, 2013", 137971083,Agama somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,somalica,,,,,"Wagner, Leaché, Mazuch & Böhme, 2013", 22700427,Myiarchus cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,cinerascens,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1851)", 103682304,Sirystes albogriseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sirystes,albogriseus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1863)","Sirystes sibilator, S. albogriseus, S. albocinereus and S. subcansecens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. sibilator following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22700354,Attila spadiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Attila,spadiceus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22700321,Machetornis rixosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Machetornis,rixosa,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22700318,Colonia colonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Colonia,colonus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22700274,Fluvicola pica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Fluvicola,pica,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22699886,Sayornis phoebe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sayornis,phoebe,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22699892,Sayornis nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sayornis,nigricans,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22699880,Empidonax fulvifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,fulvifrons,,,,,"(Giraud, 1841)", 22699877,Empidonax flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,flavescens,,,,,"Lawrence, 1865", 22699864,Empidonax oberholseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,oberholseri,,,,,"Phillips, 1939", 22699860,Empidonax wrightii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,wrightii,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 22699857,Empidonax hammondii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,hammondii,,,,,"(Xántus de Vesey, 1858)", 22699854,Empidonax minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,minimus,,,,,"(Baird & Baird, 1843)", 22699851,Empidonax albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,albigularis,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1859", 138004852,Ectopoglossus absconditus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ectopoglossus,absconditus,,,,,"Grant, Rada, Anganoy-Criollo, Batista, Dias, Jeckel, Machado & Rueda-Almonacid, 2017", 138004865,Ectopoglossus saxatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ectopoglossus,saxatilis,,,,,"Grant, Rada, Anganoy-Criollo, Batista, Dias, Jeckel, Machado & Rueda-Almonacid, 2017", 22699848,Empidonax traillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,traillii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1828)", 22699845,Empidonax alnorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,alnorum,,,,,"Brewster, 1895", 22699842,Empidonax virescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,virescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22699839,Empidonax flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,flaviventris,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1843)", 22699816,Contopus virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,virens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22699811,Contopus sordidulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,sordidulus,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 138037908,Leptophryne javanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Leptophryne,javanica,,,,,"Hamidy, Munir, Mumpuni, Rahmania & Kholik, 2018",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptophryne cruentata (Hamidy et al. 2018). 22699779,Mitrephanes phaeocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mitrephanes,phaeocercus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22699776,Xenotriccus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xenotriccus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Zimmer, 1938)", 22699726,Myiobius atricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Myiobius,atricaudus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1863", 22699605,Tolmomyias sulphurescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tolmomyias,sulphurescens,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 22699035,Todirostrum nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Todirostrum,nigriceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22699027,Todirostrum cinereum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Todirostrum,cinereum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22699007,Poecilotriccus sylvia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Poecilotriccus,sylvia,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1806)", 22699587,Oncostoma olivaceum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Oncostoma,olivaceum,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 22699584,Oncostoma cinereigulare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Oncostoma,cinereigulare,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22699574,Atalotriccus pilaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Atalotriccus,pilaris,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1847)", 22699554,Lophotriccus pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Lophotriccus,pileatus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22699544,Myiornis atricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiornis,atricapillus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1875)", 22699523,Phylloscartes flavovirens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,flavovirens,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 22679511,Tympanuchus phasianellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tympanuchus,phasianellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22699298,Elaenia frantzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,frantzii,,,,,"Lawrence, 1865", 22699262,Elaenia flavogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,flavogaster,,,,,"(Thunberg, 1822)", 22699259,Elaenia martinica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,martinica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 63355,Hypseleotris cyprinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,cyprinoides,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","This species has been greatly confused with its congeners, with one recent attempt at a solution (Thacker and Unmack 2005). Several names may apply to Indo-Pacific species: Hypseleotris agilis, H. bipartita, H. guentheri, H. leuciscus, H. modestus and H. pangel and it is not yet clear how many actual species exist within the area. Research into this problem is essential." 22699194,Capsiempis flaveola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Capsiempis,flaveola,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22699182,Camptostoma obsoletum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Camptostoma,obsoletum,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22699177,Camptostoma imberbe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Camptostoma,imberbe,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22702978,Sclerurus guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sclerurus,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)", 22703026,Dendrocincla homochroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocincla,homochroa,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22702378,Synallaxis erythrothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,erythrothorax,,,,,"Sclater, 1855", 22702308,Synallaxis brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,brachyura,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843", 22702301,Synallaxis albescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,albescens,,,,,"Temminck, 1823", 22702408,Cranioleuca erythrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,erythrops,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22702687,Xenerpestes minlosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xenerpestes,minlosi,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1886", 22702719,Margarornis rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Margarornis,rubiginosus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1865", 22702707,Premnoplex brunnescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Premnoplex,brunnescens,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)", 22702890,Thripadectes rufobrunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripadectes,rufobrunneus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1865)", 22736330,Clibanornis rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Clibanornis,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)",Clibanornis rubiginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Automolus rubiginosus. 22702771,Syndactyla subalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Syndactyla,subalaris,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)", 22702786,Anabacerthia variegaticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Anabacerthia,variegaticeps,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22702814,Philydor fuscipenne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Philydor,fuscipenne,,,,,"Salvin, 1866", 22702732,Lochmias nematura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lochmias,nematura,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22703152,Lepidocolaptes souleyetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,souleyetii,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1849)", 22703149,Lepidocolaptes leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,leucogaster,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22703191,Campylorhamphus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Campylorhamphus,pusillus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)", 22703185,Campylorhamphus trochilirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Campylorhamphus,trochilirostris,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1820)", 22703095,Dendroplex picus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendroplex,picus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22703136,Xiphorhynchus flavigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,flavigaster,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 22729055,Xiphorhynchus susurrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,susurrans,,,,,"(Jardine, 1847)", 22703010,Dendrocincla fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocincla,fuliginosa,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)",

Dendrocincla fuliginosa and D. turdina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. fuliginosa following AOU (1998 & supplements) and SACC (2005 & updates).

 

22703020,Dendrocincla anabatina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocincla,anabatina,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22703209,Formicarius rufipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Formicarius,rufipectus,,,,,"Salvin, 1866", 22703206,Formicarius nigricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Formicarius,nigricapillus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1893", 138235074,Erechthis levyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Erechthis,levyi,,,,,"De Luca & Morris, 2016", 22724004,Psarocolius montezuma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,montezuma,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22723982,Psarocolius decumanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,decumanus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22724061,Cassiculus melanicterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cassiculus,melanicterus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1825)","

Cassiculus melanicterus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Cacicus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22729128,Icterus abeillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,abeillei,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22724081,Icterus graduacauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,graduacauda,,,,,"Lesson, 1839", 29599,Rhinocypha latimacula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,latimacula,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1974", 168029,Luzonobasis glauca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Luzonobasis,glauca,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 169291,Rhinagrion philippinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,philippinum,,,,,"(Selys, 1882)",

Many populations from the southern Philippines were split into two new species by Kalkman and Villanueva (2011).

169292,Coeliccia brachysticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,brachysticta,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 169299,Risiocnemis serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,serrata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1863)", 22724105,Icterus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 163590,Pseudagrion coomansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,coomansi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937",

Pseudagrion coomansi is considered to be a junior synonym of P. williamsoni by some authorities but in the opinion of the assessor this has yet to be securely established and the two are best kept separate until a thorough investigation of this issue is undertaken.

163591,Ceriagrion bellona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,bellona,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915","

Ceriagrion hoogerwerfi was treated as a subspecies of C. bellona by Asahina (1967) but is still treated as a separate species by some authorities. Since some differences between the two taxa in, for instance, the male anal appendages, are apparent in Asahina’s own illustrations, so Ceriagrion hoogerwerfi is kept separate from C. bellona until a thorough investigation is made.

" 163593,Tetrathemis flavescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,flavescens,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 173629221,Anisopleura subplatystyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,subplatystyla,,,,,"Fraser, 1927","Anisopleura yunnanensis Zhu and Zhou, 1999 might be a junior synonym of A. subplatystyla. The species has not been compared against confirmed subplatystyla specimens, and appears to be at least close to that species (Hämäläinen pers. comm. 2007, Wilson pers. comm. 2007). As-yet-unpublished molecular data from the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden does not provide any support for A. yunnanensis as a separate species. Anisopleura lieftincki Prasad & Ghosh, 1984 has already proved to be a junior synonym of A. subplatystyla.

Additionally, ""Mitra and Thinley (2006) described a new species of Anisopleura with the name bella. This publication does not fulfil the requirements of Arcticle 8.1 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature and therefore the name is not available for zoological nomenclature (Hämäläinen 2016). The characters mentioned for this species seem to fall within the variation of A. subplatystyla."" Gyeltshen et al. (2017: note 6 on page 9746)." 163647,Tetrathemis platyptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,platyptera,,,,,"Sélys, 1878", 163666,Macromia westwoodii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,westwoodii,,,,,"Sélys, 1874","

It is likely that M. euterpe Laidlaw, 1915 will prove to be a junior synonym of M. westwoodii, see Dow et al. (2019).

" 163675,Onychargia atrocyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Onychargia,atrocyana,,,,,"Sélys, 1865","Some records of this species from Thailand, and possibly from other areas, may actually refer to the recently described O. priydak Kosterin. Records from Hong Kong appear to refer to a third, undescribed, species, and Judging from photographs the species occurring in Taiwan is also not the true O. atrocyana. However the true O. atrocyana certainly occurs in Yunnan." 163676,Pseudagrion indicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,indicum,,,,,"Fraser, 1924", 163702,Tramea virginia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,virginia,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)","This species has been recorded from Borneo (Hincks 1930), where it was regarded as a wind borne migrant. However Dow & Ngiam (2015) recorded Tramea species cf virginia in the interior of Sarawak, noting differences from typical T. virginia. It is possible that the taxon recorded from Borneo is not T. virginia but a distinct species, and it either case it may actually be resident on the island." 163722,Schmidtiphaea schmidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Schmidtiphaea,schmidi,,,,,"Asahina, 1978","Asahina (1978) described this species from a single specimen from India. In 1987 he re-described the species based on specimens from Doi Suthep in Thailand. Hämäläinen (2003) noted discrepancies between the insect originally described and that from Doi Suthep, and described the Thai taxon as a new species in a newly erected genus Cryptophaea. Thus the only known specimen of Schmidtiphaea schmidi is the holotype." 163775,Anisopleura lestoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,lestoides,,,,,"(Sélys, 1853)", 163777,Macromia callisto,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,callisto,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1922","

There is some molecular evidence that M. calliope Ris, 1916 could be a junior synonym of this species (Dow et al. 2019), but this is a subject of ongoing investigation.

" 163790,Macromia euterpe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,euterpe,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915","

Macromia euterpe is at best doubtfully distinct from M. westwoodii Selys, 1874 (see Dow et al. 2019) and is likely to be synonymised with it in the near future. For assessment purposes only the type series and other records from higher altitudes on Mount Kinabalu are considered as definitely of this species.

" 163792,Onychogomphus castor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,castor,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1941","Onychogomphus castor is placed in Lamelligomphus by some authorities, probably correctly." 163808,Acrogomphus malayanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Acrogomphus,malayanus,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1925", 163809,Rhinagrion elopurae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,elopurae,,,,,"(McLachlan in Sélys, 1886)", 163891,Nososticta wallacii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,wallacii,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 167139,Prodasineura autumnalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,autumnalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)","Prodasineura autumnalis was originally described under the genus Caconeura Kirby from Shillong, Assam. There are several synonyms: Prodasineura corvina Lieftinck (1930) from Java, Indoneura dolorosa Needham (1930) from Hainan and Fujian, and Caconeura gaudawricus Sahni (1964) from India. Prodasineura nigra (Fraser, 1922) was described from King Island, Mergui, lower Burma. Fraser (1933) stated nigra and also Prodasineura odoneli from Bengal are very closely related to autumnalis and ""may be but local races of a single species"". As pointed out by Wilson and Xu (2007), using Fraser’s (1933) key, mature Chinese autumnalis keys out as nigra. Both names may prove to be synonyms. If synonymy is confirmed, a First Reviser must determine the precedence of the simultaneously published names (Art. 24.2.2, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). P. sita Kirby is a Sri Lankan endemic which superficially resembles immature P. autumnalis but has distinctive superior appendages (cf. De Fonseka 2000) and was erroneously recorded from Guangdong and Yunnan, China by Sui and Sun (1984). 
However P. autumnalis itself may prove to be a junior synonym of P. humeralis (sometimes treated as a subspecies of P. verticalis)." 167212,Pseudagrion pruinosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,pruinosum,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)","Two subspecies have sometimes been recognized for this species, P. p. ranauense from Sumatra and P. p. fraseri from parts of mainland Asia." 167344,Nychogomphus duaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nychogomphus,duaricus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 167485,Lestes praemorsus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,praemorsus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1892","Two subspecies, L. p. sikkima Fraser and L. p. decipens Kirby have been recognised for this species, and there are a number of very closely related species; some records of L. praemorsus from parts of its range may refer to other species, but on the other hand possibly one or more of the closely related species may eventually prove to be a junior synonym of L. praemorsus. The entire group needs a thorough revision including a molecular analysis." 169117,Indolestes inflatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,inflatus,,,,,"(Fraser, 1933)",
 171794,Phaenandrogomphus asthenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phaenandrogomphus,asthenes,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1964", 174535,Pericnemis stictica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,stictica,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1863","

There is possibly significant variation in colouration and possibly other characters across the range of this species, particularly in females. It is possible that more than one species is being treated under the name Pericnemis stictica.

" 190784,Prodasineura doisuthepensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,doisuthepensis,,,,,"Hoess, 2007",


190865,Philoganga loringae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGANGIDAE,Philoganga,loringae,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 22724093,Icterus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,auratus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22731543,Icterus prosthemelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,prosthemelas,,,,,"(Strickland, 1850)", 22724139,Icterus wagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,wagleri,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 22724358,Molothrus oryzivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Molothrus,oryzivorus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22729346,Leistes militaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Leistes,militaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)","

Leistes militaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Sturnella following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724200,Chrysomus icterocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Chrysomus,icterocephalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22731807,Icterus fuertesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,fuertesi,,,,,"Chapman, 1911","

Icterus spurius and I. fuertesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as I. spurius following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103792683,Cacicus cela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,cela,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Cacicus cela and C. vitellinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cela following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22733589,Cacicus uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,uropygialis,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1843","

Cacicus uropygialis, C. pacificus and C. microrhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. uropygialis, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22723799,Pheucticus chrysopeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Pheucticus,chrysopeplus,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)", 22723831,Caryothraustes canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Caryothraustes,canadensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722409,Habia rubica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,rubica,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22693379,Calidris minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,minuta,,,,,"(Leisler, 1812)", 22722476,Piranga leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,leucoptera,,,,,"Trudeau, 1839", 22722444,Piranga bidentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,bidentata,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 103804301,Granatellus venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Granatellus,venustus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Granatellus venustus and G. francescae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. venustus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103811627,Piranga hepatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Piranga,hepatica,,,,,"Swainson, 1827","

Piranga hepatica and P. flava (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. hepatica following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 196968,Monopeltis mauricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,mauricei,,,,,"Parker, 1935","Monopeltis mauricei was described from near Ghanzi, Botswana by Parker (1935) but later treated as a subspecies of M. sphenorhynchus by Broadley et al. (1976). Subsequently, when he recorded the first specimen of the typical form Botswana, Broadley (2001) elevated M. s. mauricei to specific status. This arrangement was followed by Gans (2005), but genetic support is needed." 22722203,Chlorospingus canigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,canigularis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1848)", 22722172,Chlorospingus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,inornatus,,,,,"(Nelson, 1912)", 22722167,Chlorospingus tacarcunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,tacarcunae,,,,,"Griscom, 1924", 22722162,Chlorospingus flavopectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,flavopectus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)","

Chlorospingus flavopectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as C. ophthalmicus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22721097,Junco hyemalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Junco,hyemalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

Junco hyemalis and J. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as J. hyemalis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994).

 

22721085,Zonotrichia albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Zonotrichia,albicollis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22721079,Zonotrichia capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Zonotrichia,capensis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22721070,Melospiza georgiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melospiza,georgiana,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 158688,Aeshna caerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,caerulea,,,,,"(Ström, 1783)","In the Nearctic the species is replaced by its sister species Aeshna septentrionalis (Burmeister, 1839). By some authors this species is considered to be a subspecies of A. caerulea." 138477843,Glyptothorax amnestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,amnestus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2016", 138478102,Glyptothorax decussatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,decussatus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2016", 138478223,Glyptothorax famelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,famelicus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2016", 138478299,Glyptothorax fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,fuscus,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 138478666,Glyptothorax keluk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,keluk,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2016", 22721123,Ammospiza maritima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Ammospiza,maritima,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)", 60312,Aeshna crenata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,crenata,,,,,"Hagen, 1856", 158686,Aeshna grandis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,grandis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 563,Aeshna viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,viridis,,,,,"Eversmann, 1836", 22728393,Ammospiza nelsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Ammospiza,nelsoni,,,,,"Allen, 1875",

Ammospiza nelsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ammodramus following AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

22721144,Ammodramus savannarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Ammodramus,savannarum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22721194,Amphispiza bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Amphispiza,bilineata,,,,,"(Cassin, 1850)", 22734705,Spizella breweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Spizella,breweri,,,,,"Cassin, 1856", 138525825,Rhamdia guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","

Although Silfvergrip (1996) synonymized R. guatemalensis with R. quelen, subsequent authors (Perdices et al. 2002, Hernández et al. 2015) presented molecular and morphological evidence in support of the evolutionary distinctiveness of R. guatemalensis, thus maintaining the validity of this taxon (contra Silfvergrip 1996), a taxonomic decision supported by Miller et al. (2005) and Eschmeyer et al. (2018), among others. According to Perdices et al. (2002), R. guatemalensis is part of a Rhamdia trans-Andean clade that also includes R. laticauda and R. cinerascens.

" 138527058,Glyptothorax pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,pictus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2016", 22721162,Spizella passerina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Spizella,passerina,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1798)", 181125,Glyptothorax prashadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,prashadi,,,,,"Mukerji, 1932", 138527622,Glyptothorax robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,robustus,,,,,"(Boeseman, 1966)", 138527974,Glyptothorax stibaros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,stibaros,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2016", 22721159,Passerella arborea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerella,arborea,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)","

Passerella arborea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Spizella following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22721301,Oriturus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Oriturus,superciliosus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22721264,Peucaea botterii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,botterii,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)", 22721331,Melozone fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,fusca,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)","

Melozone fusca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as M. fuscus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721288,Aimophila ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Aimophila,ruficeps,,,,,"(Cassin, 1852)", 22734026,Atlapetes albinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,albinucha,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 22721398,Arremonops chloronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremonops,chloronotus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1861)", 22721392,Arremonops rufivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremonops,rufivirgatus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1851)", 49829749,Sternarchella raptor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchella,raptor,,,,,"(Lundberg, Cox Fernandes & Albert, 1996)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 138548276,Parancistrus nudiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parancistrus,nudiventris,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Zuanon, 2005", 103772680,Pipilo maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pipilo,maculatus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827",

Pipilo maculatus and P. socorroensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. maculatus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Stotz et al. (1996).

103776706,Melozone leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,leucotis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1861","

Melozone leucotis and M. occipitalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. leucotis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103776727,Melozone occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,occipitalis,,,,,"Salvin, 1878","

Melozone leucotis and M. occipitalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. leucotis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103780243,Passerculus sandwichensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerculus,sandwichensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Passerculus sandwichensis, P. guttatus, P. sanctorum and P. rostratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. sandwichensis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

" 103780258,Passerculus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerculus,guttatus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1867","

Passerculus sandwichensis, P. guttatus, P. sanctorum and P. rostratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. sandwichensis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

" 103779110,Passerella iliaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerella,iliaca,,,,,"(Merrem, 1786)","

Passerella iliaca, P. unalaschcensis, P. schistacea and P. megarhyncha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. iliaca following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722313,Rhodinocichla rosea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHODINOCICHLIDAE,Rhodinocichla,rosea,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 103812680,Saltator grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,grandis,,,,,"Deppe, 1830","Saltator coerulescens, S. olivascens and S. grandis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. coerulescens following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996)." 103817300,Sporophila corvina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,corvina,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)",

Sporophila corvina and S. ophthalmica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. corvina following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

45093141,Colinus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Colinus,cristatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Colinus cristatus and C. leucopogon (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cristatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22723603,Tiaris olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tiaris,olivaceus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22678305,Ortalis vetula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,vetula,,,,,"(Wagler, 1830)", 22722513,Ramphocelus passerinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,passerinii,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1831", 22722494,Ramphocelus sanguinolentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,sanguinolentus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22722374,Heterospingus rubrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Heterospingus,rubrifrons,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1865)", 22723636,Diglossa baritula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,baritula,,,,,"Wagler, 1832", 22722851,Tangara icterocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,icterocephala,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22679594,Callipepla squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Callipepla,squamata,,,,,"(Vigors, 1830)", 60307,Boyeria cretensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Boyeria,cretensis,,,,,"Peters, 1991","Formerly, Boyeria cretensis was confused with—and regarded as a subpopulation of—Boyeria irene (Fonscolombe, 1838), but both species are clearly distinct (Boudot 1989, Peters 1991, Kohli et al. 2014)." 158701,Calopteryx splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,splendens,,,,,"(Harris, 1780)","A number of subspecies and forms have been described in the Calopteryx splendens group. Their validity is sometimes doubtful and the overall systematics and genetics of these taxa are far from being elucidated, although genetic research is currently developing rapidly." 59700,Ceriagrion georgifreyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,georgifreyi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1953","Until recently Ceragrion georgiferyi was considered a subspecies of Ceriagrion tenellum, but both male and female show distinct morphological characters and it is now considered to be a full species (Schneider 1986, Kalkman 2005)." 60313,Coenagrion armatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,armatum,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)", 165476,Coenagrion caerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,caerulescens,,,,,"(Fonscolombe, 1838)","The various subspecies formerly described are no more regarded as valid, due to the important variability of the species." 22679609,Callipepla gambelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Callipepla,gambelii,,,,,"Gambel, 1843", 22722845,Tangara florida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,florida,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)", 22722918,Tangara larvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,larvata,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1846)", 22722543,Tangara abbas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,abbas,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)","

Tangara abbas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Thraupis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22679603,Callipepla californica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Callipepla,californica,,,,,"(Shaw, 1798)", 165532,Coenagrion ecornutum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,ecornutum,,,,,"(Selys, 1872)", 138183751,Coenagrion glaciale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,glaciale,,,,,"(Selys, 1872)", 22722057,Icteria virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icteria,virens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22721898,Myioborus miniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,miniatus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22722016,Basileuterus rufifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,rufifrons,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)", 22721689,Setophaga virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,virens,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Setophaga virens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22721686,Setophaga occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,occidentalis,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)","

Setophaga occidentalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22724793,Setophaga dominica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,dominica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",

Setophaga dominica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

22721731,Setophaga palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,palmarum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Setophaga palmarum (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721673,Setophaga caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,caerulescens,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Setophaga caerulescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 158706,Coenagrion hastulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,hastulatum,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)", 22721734,Setophaga castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,castanea,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)","

Setophaga castanea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721639,Setophaga americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,americana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Setophaga americana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Parula following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 62175,Coenagrion hylas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,hylas,,,,,"(Trybom, 1889)","The European population has been regarded by some authors as a distinct subspecies (Lohmann 1992, Kiauta & Kiauta 1991), but subsequent studies showed that threre is no evidence for this." 165504,Coenagrion intermedium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,intermedium,,,,,"Lohmann, 1990", 22721830,Geothlypis tolmiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,tolmiei,,,,,"(Townsend, 1839)","

Geothlypis tolmiei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oporornis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 165513,Coenagrion johanssoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,johanssoni,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1894)", 165511,Coenagrion lunulatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagrion,lunulatum,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)", 22679597,Callipepla douglasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Callipepla,douglasii,,,,,"(Vigors, 1829)", 22679780,Dendrocygna autumnalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,autumnalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22729706,Phoenicopterus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHOENICOPTERIFORMES,PHOENICOPTERIDAE,Phoenicopterus,ruber,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22679473,Lagopus leucura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lagopus,leucura,,,,,"(Richardson, 1831)", 22696574,Podilymbus podiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podilymbus,podiceps,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 158883,Neuraeschna cornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,cornuta,,,,,"Belle, 1989", 163608,Oligoaeschna elacatura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,elacatura,,,,,"(Needham, 1907)",The male of this species is unknown. 163705,Oligoaeschna platyura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,platyura,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 49254253,Gynacantha remartinia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,remartinia,,,,,"Navás, 1934","This species is considered doubtful, as its supposed localities are relatively well sampled." 50959551,Anax fumosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,fumosus,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 50959749,Anax maclachlani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,maclachlani,,,,,"Förster, 1898", 50960463,Anax pugnax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,pugnax,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 50960466,Anax selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,selysi,,,,,"Förster, 1900", 50960473,Anax strenuus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,strenuus,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 50961887,Coryphaeschna apeora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,apeora,,,,,"Paulson, 1994", 50961901,Coryphaeschna perrensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Coryphaeschna,perrensi,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1887)", 83305143,Oreaeschna dictatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oreaeschna,dictatrix,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 126819440,Aeshna vercanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,vercanica,,,,,"Schneider, Schneider, Schneider, Vierstraete & Dumont, 2015", 139063705,Gynacantha dryadula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,dryadula,,,,,"Neiss & De Marmels, 2017", 139063708,Gynacantha ereagris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,ereagris,,,,,"Gundlach, 1888", 139063719,Gynacantha francesca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,francesca,,,,,"(Martin, 1909)", 139063801,Gynacantha helenga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,helenga,,,,,"Williamson & Williamson, 1930", 139063804,Gynacantha laticeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,laticeps,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 139064478,Gynacantha alcathoe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,alcathoe,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1961", 139064539,Gynacantha calliope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,calliope,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 139064570,Gynacantha calypso,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,calypso,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 139064573,Gynacantha cattienensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,cattienensis,,,,,"Kompier & Holden, 2017", 139064597,Gynacantha corbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,corbeti,,,,,"Lempert, 1999", 139064605,Gynacantha dohrni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,dohrni,,,,,"Krüger, 1899","

Gynacantha dohrni was described from Sumatra (Krüger 1899) and is widespread in Sundaland. It has been recorded from Viet Nam (for instance Kompier and Holden 2017) but Kosterin and Chartier (2018) considered these records to refer to Gynacantha demeter Ris, 1911. However, G. demeter, described from Borneo, is itself likely to be a junior synonym of G. dohrni. Gynacantha dohrni and its allies are in need of revision and until this happens the identity of specimens from north of Peninsular Malaysia is best left open, and they are left out of consideration for assessment purposes here. It is also certainly possible that some records from Sundaland actually refer to different but closely related species.

" 139064610,Gynacantha furcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,furcata,,,,,"Rambur, 1842","

Gynacantha furcata was described from a single female supposedly collected somewhere in Borneo (Rambur 1842) and has never been reported again. The original description is inadequate to reliably identify the species. Lieftinck (1954) noted that Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 is likely to be a junior synonym of G. furcata but until the type of furcata is examined (if it still exists) this issue cannot be satisfactorily resolved.

" 139064629,Gynacantha heros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,heros,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2012", 139064639,Gynacantha limbalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,limbalis,,,,,"Karsch, 1892", 139064651,Gynacantha musa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,musa,,,,,"Karsch, 1892", 139064654,Gynacantha nuda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,nuda,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 139064663,Gynacantha pallampurica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,pallampurica,,,,,"Lahiri, Sandhu & Walia, 2007", 139064666,Gynacantha pasiphae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,pasiphae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948", 139064669,Gynacantha risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,risi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1931", 139064679,Gynacantha rolandmuelleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,rolandmuelleri,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139064769,Limnetron antarcticum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Limnetron,antarcticum,,,,,"Förster, 1907", 139064797,Limnetron debile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Limnetron,debile,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)", 139064808,Neuraeschna capillata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,capillata,,,,,"Machet, 1990", 139064811,Neuraeschna clavulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,clavulata,,,,,"Machet, 1990", 139064814,Neuraeschna maxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Neuraeschna,maxima,,,,,"Belle, 1989", 139064817,Remartinia restricta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Remartinia,restricta,,,,,"Carvalho, 1992", 139064820,Remartinia secreta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Remartinia,secreta,,,,,"(Calvert, 1952)", 139064825,Rhionaeschna bonariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,bonariensis,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 139064847,Rhionaeschna brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,brasiliensis,,,,,"(von Ellenrieder & Martins Costa, 2002)", 139065223,Rhionaeschna confusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,confusa,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 139065246,Rhionaeschna decessus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,decessus,,,,,"(Calvert, 1953)", 139065346,Rhionaeschna draco,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,draco,,,,,"(Rácenis, 1958)", 139065384,Rhionaeschna eduardoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,eduardoi,,,,,"(Machado, 1984)", 139065455,Rhionaeschna itataia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,itataia,,,,,"(Carvalho & Salgado, 2004)", 139065497,Rhionaeschna jalapensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,jalapensis,,,,,"(Williamson, 1908)", 139065578,Rhionaeschna nubigena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,nubigena,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1989)", 139065673,Rhionaeschna pauloi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,pauloi,,,,,"(Machado, 1994)", 139065754,Rhionaeschna punctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,punctata,,,,,"(Martin, 1908)", 139065775,Rhionaeschna serrania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Rhionaeschna,serrania,,,,,"(Carvalho & Salgado, 2004)", 139066738,Staurophlebia wayana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Staurophlebia,wayana,,,,,"Geijskes, 1959", 139066747,Triacanthagyna dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,dentata,,,,,"(Geijskes, 1943)", 139066758,Triacanthagyna nympha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Triacanthagyna,nympha,,,,,"(Navás, 1933)", 139067938,Agyrtacantha microstigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Agyrtacantha,microstigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 139068319,Anaciaeschna megalopis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,megalopis,,,,,"Martin, 1908","

Anaciaeschna megalopis was described from a single female (Martin 1908). Later Fraser (1926) described Anaciaeschna huonensis from a single male collected more than 550 km away. Lieftinck (1937: footnote on page 53) declared Fraser’s species to be a junior synonym of A. megalopis without any supporting argument, so the synonymy may not be sound.

" 139068429,Anaciaeschna moluccana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,moluccana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1930", 139068444,Anaciaeschna montivagans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,montivagans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 139069158,Cephalaeschna acanthifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,acanthifrons,,,,,"Joshi & Kunte, 2017", 139069171,Cephalaeschna aipishishi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,aipishishi,,,,,"Karube & Kompier, 2017", 139069191,Cephalaeschna algorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,algorei,,,,,"Karube & Kompier, 2017", 139069195,Cephalaeschna asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,asahinai,,,,,"Karube, 2011", 139069501,Cephalaeschna triadica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,triadica,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1977", 139069576,Cephalaeschna yanagisawai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Cephalaeschna,yanagisawai,,,,,"Sasamoto & Van Lien, 2018", 139069649,Heliaeschna bartelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,bartelsi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 139069705,Indaeschna baluga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Indaeschna,baluga,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1937", 139069777,Oligoaeschna amata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,amata,,,,,"(Förster, 1903)", 139069783,Oligoaeschna andamani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,andamani,,,,,"Chhotani, Lahiri & Mitra, 1983",

Oligoaeschna andamani is known from a single female specimen and in these circumstances the possibility that it is a synonym of some other Oligoaeshna species cannot be ruled out.

139069838,Oligoaeschna buehri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,buehri,,,,,"(Förster, 1903)", 139069845,Oligoaeschna foliacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,foliacea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1968", 139069861,Oligoaeschna modiglianii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,modiglianii,,,,,"Selys, 1889", 139069875,Oligoaeschna mutata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,mutata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 139069883,Oligoaeschna petalura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,petalura,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1968","Oligoaeschna petalura was described by M.A. Lieftinck from a single male collected at Mount Wuzhi, Hainan, China on 25 May 1903 and deposited in the British Museum of Natural History. Two groups of Oligoaeschna were recognised by Lieftinck (1968). These comprise (1) pryeri-group: brightly coloured, probably diurnal, female cerci short and inconspicuous, males with prominent black T-mark on top of frons; and (2) poeciloptera group: sombre, crepuscular, females with prominent, long cerci resembling stalked paddles. Based principally on the structure of the penile organ Karube and Yeh (2001) established the genus Sarasaeschna to receive members attributed by Lieftinck (1968) to the pryeri-group of Oligoaeschna. Oligoaeschna is a member of the Gomphaeschninae subfamily whose members have an ancient lineage that were flourishing in the tertiary period. The Gomphaeschninae represent a sister group to all other extant aeshnids (von Ellenrieder 2002)." 139069895,Oligoaeschna pseudosumatrana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,pseudosumatrana,,,,,"Karube, 1997", 139069911,Oligoaeschna uemurai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,uemurai,,,,,"Asahina, 1990", 139070145,Oligoaeschna uropetala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,uropetala,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1968", 139070165,Oligoaeschna venatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,venatrix,,,,,"(Förster, 1903)", 139070177,Oligoaeschna venusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,venusta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1968", 139070187,Oligoaeschna zambo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Oligoaeschna,zambo,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1937", 139070354,Periaeschna mira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,mira,,,,,"Navás, 1936","

Periaeschna mira does not appear to have been recorded since its description, but Wilson & Xu (2008) note that Periaeschna flinti Asahina, 1978 may be a junior synonym of P. mira.

" 139070447,Planaeschna asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,asahinai,,,,,"Karube, 2011", 139070475,Planaeschna guentherpetersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,guentherpetersi,,,,,"Sasamoto, Do & Van, 2013","

Planaeschna guentherpetersi is likely to be a junior synonym of another Planaeschna species (Kompier personal communication 2020, Kompier & Karube in preparation).

" 139072064,Plattycantha acuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Plattycantha,acuta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 139072107,Plattycantha cornuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Plattycantha,cornuta,,,,,"(Förster, 1900)", 139072124,Plattycantha venatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Plattycantha,venatrix,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 139077830,Sarasaeschna yoshitomii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,yoshitomii,,,,,"Kiyoshi, Katatani, Kompier & Yeh, 2016", 139077836,Sarasaeschna zhuae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sarasaeschna,zhuae,,,,,"Xu, 2008", 139077860,Tetracanthagyna degorsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Tetracanthagyna,degorsi,,,,,"Martin, 1895","

There may be a confused situation with regards to Southeast Asian Tetracanthagyna species. Tetracanthagyna degorsi, known from both sexes, is known to have polymorphic females (Lieftinck 1954), T. brunnea, known from the female only, might also have polymorphic females. It is not clear if the characters that have been used to separate the females of the two are truly diagnostic. A revision is needed but progress toward such a revision is hampered by the scarcity of male specimens in collections. Most records are of females or of larvae, and there is frequently uncertainty over the identification of females. Moreover, regarding T. degorsi Lieftinck (1954) stated that specimens from Java and Sumatra differ from typical T. degorsi. For assessment purposes all records stated to be of degorsi or likely to be degorsi are considered but a future revision may dramatically change which records are included under this species.

" 22721610,Vermivora cyanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Vermivora,cyanoptera,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 128725859,Schizothorax plagiostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,plagiostomus,,,,,"Heckel, 1838", 22721779,Seiurus aurocapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Seiurus,aurocapilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 198079,Caridina glaubrechti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,glaubrechti,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009", 197808,Caridina holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,holthuisi,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009","Populations of Caridina holthuisi appear in two allopatric clades, with one in Lake Matano, Petea River and Lake Mahalona and the other in Lake Towuti. No morphological differences have been observed so far. The existence of two cryptic species is therefore likely." 197603,Caridina lanceolata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lanceolata,,,,,"Woltereck, 1937", 198221,Caridina lingkonae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lingkonae,,,,,"Woltereck, 1937", 197729,Caridina loehae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,loehae,,,,,"Woltereck, 1937", 198099,Caridina masapi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,masapi,,,,,"Woltereck, 1937", 198206,Caridina parvula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,parvula,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009", 197653,Caridina profundicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,profundicola,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009", 197754,Caridina spinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,spinata,,,,,"Woltereck, 1937", 197975,Caridina striata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,striata,,,,,"von Rintelen & Cai, 2009", 197778,Caridina tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,tenuirostris,,,,,"Woltereck, 1937", 197697,Caridina woltereckae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,woltereckae,,,,,"Cai, Wowor & Choy, 2009", 103801509,Basileuterus culicivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,culicivorus,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)","

Basileuterus culicivorus, B. cabanisi and B. auricapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. culicivorus, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103795596,Geothlypis chiriquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,chiriquensis,,,,,"Salvin, 1872","

Geothlypis aequinoctialis, G. auricularis and G. chiriquensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were lumped as G. aequinoctialis, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103797492,Geothlypis bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,bairdi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1884","

Geothlypis semiflava and G. bairdi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were lumped as G. semiflava following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 44228,Bythaelurus hispidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,hispidus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1891)", 22696571,Tachybaptus dominicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Tachybaptus,dominicus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22679591,Oreortyx pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Oreortyx,pictus,,,,,"(Douglas, 1829)", 165497,Erythromma najas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Erythromma,najas,,,,,"(Hansemann, 1823)", 22734695,Dendragapus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Dendragapus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1873)", 158720,Ischnura aralensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,aralensis,,,,,"Haritonov, 1979","Several types of females of Ischnura aralensis occur which differ in colour and morphology. This led to much confusion and to the description the synonym Ischnura haritonovi Dumont, 1997." 22733619,Branta hutchinsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Branta,hutchinsii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1832)","

Branta canadensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as B. canadensis and B. hutchinsii following AOU (2004), and before then lumped as B. canadensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720392,Spinus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,notatus,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1847)","

Spinus notatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis and listed as C. notata following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22690290,Patagioenas cayennensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,cayennensis,,,,,"Bonnaterre, 1792", 22722734,Euphonia elegantissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,elegantissima,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)", 22690235,Patagioenas speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,speciosa,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22722727,Euphonia hirundinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,hirundinacea,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838", 22690334,Patagioenas nigrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,nigrirostris,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22690296,Patagioenas flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,flavirostris,,,,,"Wagler, 1831", 22711029,Mimus gilvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,gilvus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1808)", 22711111,Toxostoma cinereum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,cinereum,,,,,"(Xántus de Vesey, 1860)", 22711023,Melanotis hypoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Melanotis,hypoleucus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1852", 22711020,Melanotis caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Melanotis,caerulescens,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22696631,Aechmophorus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Aechmophorus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1858)", 165479,Ischnura elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,elegans,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1820)","A number of subspecies of Ischnura elegans have been described, of which only the widely accepted I. e. elegans (Vander Linden, 1820), I. e. ebneri Schmidt, 1938 and I. e. pontica Schmidt, 1938 are recognised in this assessment; all are treated together here." 165530,Ischnura genei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,genei,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 22708914,Turdus grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,grayi,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838", 155183424,Catharus dryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,dryas,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)","

Catharus dryas has been split into Gould's Nightingale-thrush C. dryas and Sclater's Nightingale-thrush C. maculatus following Halley et al. (2017), whose conclusions are fully backed when the Tobias yardstick approach (Tobias et al. 2010) is applied to their data. C. maculatus emerges as a species with; effect size for wing-length ‒3.49 (score 2); effect size for bill shape 1.1 (score 1); streaked throat (1); absence of subtle yellow-olive wash to upper- and underparts in life (?1); effect size for number of notes in song ‒5.26 (3); effect size for song duration 8.12 (3).

" 22708643,Catharus frantzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,frantzii,,,,,"Cabanis, 1861", 22680233,Spatula cyanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,cyanoptera,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Spatula cyanoptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22708631,Catharus aurantiirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,aurantiirostris,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1850)", 22679500,Bonasa umbellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Bonasa,umbellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22680402,Aythya affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,affinis,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)", 22708587,Myadestes townsendi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,townsendi,,,,,"(Audubon, 1838)", 22708550,Sialia sialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Sialia,sialis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103889499,Turdus migratorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,migratorius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766","

Turdus migratorius and T. confinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. migratorius following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 171797,Sieboldius japponicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,japponicus,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 122310006,Indolestes floresianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,floresianus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1960", 122310021,Indolestes goniocercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,goniocercus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1960", 122310455,Indolestes lundquisti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,lundquisti,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 122310555,Indolestes luxatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,luxatus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 122312829,Indolestes risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,risi,,,,,"(Van der Weele, 1909)", 122312879,Indolestes sutteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,sutteri,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 125515981,Nososticta interrupta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,interrupta,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125516064,Nososticta kaizei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,kaizei,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 125516141,Nososticta marina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,marina,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 125516216,Nososticta melanoxantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,melanoxantha,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 125516290,Nososticta moluccensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,moluccensis,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 125516638,Nososticta pseudexul,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,pseudexul,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 125516658,Nososticta pyroprocta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,pyroprocta,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1960)", 125516677,Nososticta rangifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,rangifera,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 125516744,Nososticta rufipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,rufipes,,,,,"Theischinger & Kalkman, 2014", 125516880,Nososticta silvicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,silvicola,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 125517460,Nososticta thalassina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,thalassina,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 125517730,Nososticta xanthe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,xanthe,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1938)", 125518133,Palaiargia alcedo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,alcedo,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 125518136,Palaiargia arses,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,arses,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1957", 125518139,Palaiargia benkeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,benkeni,,,,,"Orr, Kalkman & Richards, 2014", 125518508,Palaiargia ernstmayri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,ernstmayri,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1972", 125518555,Palaiargia melidora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,melidora,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 125518612,Palaiargia micropsitta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,micropsitta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1957", 125518639,Palaiargia myzomela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,myzomela,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1957", 125518659,Palaiargia nasiterna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,nasiterna,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 125518662,Palaiargia obiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,obiensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1957", 125518692,Palaiargia perimecosoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,perimecosoma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1957", 125518759,Palaiargia stellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,stellata,,,,,"(Ris, 1915)", 125518789,Palaiargia susannae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Palaiargia,susannae,,,,,"Kovács & Theischinger, 2015", 139120674,Matronoides cyaneipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Matronoides,cyaneipennis,,,,,"(Förster, 1897)", 139121671,Vestalis amabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,amabilis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 139121705,Vestalis amaryllis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,amaryllis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 139121805,Vestalis amnicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,amnicola,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 139121871,Vestalis beryllae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,beryllae,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915", 139344517,Chlorogomphus manau,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,manau,,,,,"Dow & Ngiam, 2011", 139345936,Chlorogomphus yoshihiroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,yoshihiroi,,,,,"Karube, 1994", 139346340,Chlorogomphus dyak,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,dyak,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1911)", 139346413,Chloropetalia kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chloropetalia,kimminsi,,,,,"(Fraser, 1940)", 139346864,Pericnemis dowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,dowi,,,,,"Orr & Hämäläinen, 2013", 139347328,Plagulibasis ciliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Plagulibasis,ciliata,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 139347489,Pseudagrion bidentatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,bidentatum,,,,,"Morton, 1907","

Fraser (1933) noted that in his original description of Pseudagrion bidentatum Morton (1907) appeared to have mixed up the descriptions of two species (P. hypermelas and P. spencei). It is very likely that P. bidentaum is a synonym of one of these two species, probably P. hypermelas, but the type specimen, if still in existence, does not appear to have been re-examined since the species was described and the name has persisted in species lists despite the lack of any later record.

" 139347584,Pseudagrion calosomum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,calosomum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1936", 139348140,Pseudagrion coarctatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,coarctatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 139348169,Pseudagrion coriaceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,coriaceum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 139348207,Pseudagrion crocops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,crocops,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 139348578,Pseudagrion daponshanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,daponshanensis,,,,,"Zhou & Zhou, 2007","

Pseudagrion daponshanensis is a highly dubious species, almost certainly a junior synonym of some other.

" 139350019,Pseudagrion pelecotomum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,pelecotomum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 139350551,Pseudagrion perfuscatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,perfuscatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 139350609,Pseudagrion pilidorsum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,pilidorsum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)","

A number of subspecies of Pseudagrion pilidorsum are currently recognised (some of which may eventually prove to be distinct species). Pseudagrion p. pilidorsum (Brauer, 1868) is known from Borneo, the Philippines, Taiwan and southern Japan. Pseudagrion p. enganoense Lieftinck, 1948 is known from Engano Island off of Sumatra, Pseudagrion p. declaratum Lieftinck, 1936 is known from the east of Java, Bali and a number of the Lesser Sunda Islands, Pseudagrion p. deflexum Lieftinck, 1936 from Timor and part of the Moluccas, Pseudagrion p. obscurum Lieftinck 1936 from Nias Island off of Sumatra and Pseudagrion p. simalurum Lieftinck, 1948 from the Mentawei Islands. The form occurring in the Andaman Islands has not been assigned to a subspecies yet (Hämäläinen et al. 1999). It should be noted that in recent years a number of photographs taken in Sulawesi identified as P. pilidorsum have appeared in online sources, all of these seen by the assessor are actually either P. ustum Selys, 1876 or (in at least one case) P. crocops Selys, 1876.

" 139351107,Pseudagrion starreanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,starreanum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 139351255,Pseudagrion ustum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,ustum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 139351662,Stenagrion dubium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Stenagrion,dubium,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1912)", 139351857,Metaphya micans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Metaphya,micans,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1912", 139352060,Procordulia fusiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,fusiformis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1977", 139353992,Devadatta aran,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,aran,,,,,"Dow, Hämäläinen & Stokvis, 2015", 139354194,Devadatta clavicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,clavicauda,,,,,"Dow, Hämäläinen & Stokvis, 2015", 139354943,Devadatta podolestoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,podolestoides,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1934", 139355074,Devadatta somoh,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,somoh,,,,,"Dow, Hämäläinen & Stokvis, 2015", 139355091,Devadatta tanduk,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,tanduk,,,,,"Dow, Hämäläinen & Stokvis, 2015", 139356414,Bayadera kinnara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,kinnara,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2013", 139356858,Schmidtiphaea chittaranjani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Schmidtiphaea,chittaranjani,,,,,"(Lahiri, 2003)","Schmidtiphaea chittaranjani was described in Bayadera by Lahiri (2003). Hämäläinen (2013) transferred it to Schmidtiphaea; it may be a junior synonym of Schmidtiphaea schmidi Asahina, 1978. However the condition of the holotype of S. schmidi is such that a resolution of the issue awaits the collection of fresh specimens of S. schmidi." 139356999,Acrogomphus jubilaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Acrogomphus,jubilaris,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1964","

Most records of this species are of larvae and it is possible that some of them will eventually prove to be of some other closely related species. A single male from Samar in the Philippines differs in some respects from typical examples from Borneo, and may represent a distinct but closely allied species.

" 139357011,Acrogomphus walshi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Acrogomphus,walshi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935",

There are some morphological differences between specimens of this species from Java and from Sumatera and it is possible that they will eventually prove to be distinct species. However all are treated as Acrogomphus walshi for assessment purposes.

139358666,Anisogomphus yanagisawai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,yanagisawai,,,,,"Sasamoto, 2015", 139358867,Borneogomphus teramotoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Borneogomphus,teramotoi,,,,,"Karube & Sasamoto, 2014", 139361778,Burmagomphus insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,insularis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1914", 139362018,Burmagomphus plagiatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,plagiatus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1964", 139365146,Heliogomphus blandulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,blandulus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1929", 139365159,Heliogomphus borneensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,borneensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1964","

As noted in Dow and Stokvis (2018), Heliogomphus borneensis is very similar to Heliogomphus kelantanensis and may eventually prove to be a junior synonym of it.

" 139365927,Heliogomphus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,gracilis,,,,,"(Krüger, 1899)", 139367914,Macrogomphus abnormis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,abnormis,,,,,"Selys, 1884","

Macrogomphus abnormis is only known from the female and it has been suggested that it is a junior synonym of M. quadratus (for instance by Lieftinck 1954). However the assessor has examined the type material and differences in the markings are outside of the variation known from confirmed M. quadratus, so that the species should certainly be maintained as distinct at least until more information becomes available.

" 139367999,Macrogomphus phalantus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,phalantus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935","

The situation with Macrogomphus parallelogramma and M. phalantus appears confused, with some records of the latter from Peninsular Malaysia possibly really referring to the former. These issues will remain unresolved until the group is revised and for assessment purposes records listed as M. phalantus from Peninsular Malaysia are treated as in need of confirmation.

" 139368085,Macrogomphus quadratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,quadratus,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 139369530,Nepogomphus fruhstorferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nepogomphus,fruhstorferi,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1934)", 139370852,Onychogomphus marijanmatoki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,marijanmatoki,,,,,"Dow, 2014", 139372160,Phaenandrogomphus safei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phaenandrogomphus,safei,,,,,"Dow & Luke, 2015","

Phaenandrogomphus safei may not be correctly placed in Phaenandrogomphus, possibly belonging in Nychogomphus. This is discussed in Dow et al. (2018).

" 139372569,Stylogomphus malayanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,malayanus,,,,,"Sasamoto, 2001", 139372867,Lestes praecellens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,praecellens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937",

Lestes praecellens is very similar to L. praemorsus and could possibly be merely a variant or form of that species. However this is an open question and several species may currently all be treated as L. praemorsus.

139373330,Microtrigonia gomphoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Microtrigonia,gomphoides,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 139373458,Microtrigonia petaurinia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Microtrigonia,petaurinia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949",

Theischinger and Richards (2014) noted that Microtrigonia petaurina is known from a single female specimen and that “this specimen is the only known specimen of the species and is clearly close to M. gomphoides we retain it as a distinct species until further material is available”; it is possible that the two species will eventually prove to be synonyms.

139374211,Nannophlebia adonira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,adonira,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 139374215,Nannophlebia aerostiba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,aerostiba,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 139374218,Nannophlebia aglaia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,aglaia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948", 139374244,Nannophlebia alexia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,alexia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 139374293,Nannophlebia amnosia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,amnosia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 139374313,Nannophlebia anacharis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,anacharis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 139374322,Nannophlebia arethusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,arethusa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948", 139374430,Nannophlebia leoboppi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,leoboppi,,,,,"Orr & Kalkman, 2015", 139380514,Nannophlebia lorquini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,lorquini,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 139380702,Neurothemis disparilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,disparilis,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 139386351,Prodasineura dorsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,dorsalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)","

Prodasineura flammula was described (Lieftinck 1948) from a single male from East Kalimantan, and stated to differ from P. dorsalis by an orange band between the eyes, deeper orange markings on the thorax and slightly different anal appendages. However the first two characters vary from east to west in P. dorsalis, with specimens from the east of Sarawak and further east identical to P. flammula. The third character, in the assessor’s opinion, is almost certainly due to distortion or a slight rotation of the anal appendages compared with the typical state. However the holotype of P. flammula must be checked before this can be confirmed.

" 139386944,Prodasineura fujianensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,fujianensis,,,,,"Xu, 2006", 139386963,Prodasineura hanzhongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,hanzhongensis,,,,,"Yang & Li, 1995","

The description of Prodasineura hanzhongensis, or at least the English summary given in Yang & Li (1995), appears to be inadequate and not deal with structural characters likely to be truly diagnostic. It is likely that the species is a junior synonym of some other Prodasineura species.

" 139387602,Prodasineura longjingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,longjingensis,,,,,"(Zhou, 1981)",

Prodasineura longjingensis (described in Caconeura) is (Zhou 1981) stated to only differ from Prodasineura auricolor only in a few details of colouration and size and is likely to actually be a junior synonym of P. auricolor or some other Prodasineura species.

139387633,Prodasineura nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,nigra,,,,,"(Fraser, 1922)",

Prodasineura nigra is extremely similar to P. autmnalis (described in the same publication: Fraser 1922) and even Fraser (1933) doubted that they were distinct species. However P. autumnalis itself is likely to be a junior synonym of P. humeralis (which is currently and probably incorrectly treated as a subspecies of P. verticalis by some authorities).

139388250,Prodasineura tenebricosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,tenebricosa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 139389253,Prodasineura theebawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,theebawi,,,,,"(Frase, 1922)", 139389288,Drepanosticta draco,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,draco,,,,,"Phan, Karube & Sasamoto, 2018", 139389316,Macromidia fulva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,fulva,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1915", 103889802,Turdus confinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,confinis,,,,,"Baird, 1864","

Turdus migratorius and T. confinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. migratorius following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22708938,Turdus assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,assimilis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1850", 103881682,Catharus ustulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,ustulatus,,,,,"(Nuttall, 1840)","

Catharus ustulatus and C. swainsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. ustulatus following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 125506636,Nososticta atrocyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,atrocyana,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1960)", 125506668,Nososticta aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,aurantiaca,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1938)", 125507831,Nososticta circumscripta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,circumscripta,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 125508373,Nososticta cyanura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,cyanura,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 125508573,Nososticta dorsonigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,dorsonigra,,,,,"(Martin, 1903)", 125508654,Nososticta eburnea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,eburnea,,,,,"(Förster, 1897)", 125508704,Nososticta egregia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,egregia,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1937)", 125508751,Nososticta emphyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,emphyla,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1936)", 125513625,Nososticta erythroprocta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,erythroprocta,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 125513786,Nososticta exul,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,exul,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 125514377,Nososticta flavipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,flavipennis,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 125514405,Nososticta fonticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,fonticola,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 125514515,Nososticta halmahera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,halmahera,,,,,"Theischinger, Lupiyaningdyah & Richards, 2015", 125514564,Nososticta hiroakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,hiroakii,,,,,"Sasamoto, 2007", 125515947,Nososticta insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,insignis,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 139404191,Neurothemis manadensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,manadensis,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1835)",

Neurothemis manadensis was previously considered to be a subspecies of N. stigmatizans but was split off as a distinct species by Seehausen & Dow (2016).

139406612,Onychothemis celebensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Onychothemis,celebensis,,,,,"Ris, 1912",

Onychothemis celebensis was described as a subspecies of O. culminicola and is still treated as such by some authorities. The true status of the species will only be determined by a thorough revision of the genus.

139408989,Onychothemis coccinea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Onychothemis,coccinea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 139408998,Orthetrum austrosundanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,austrosundanum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 139409052,Phyllothemis raymondi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Phyllothemis,raymondi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1950",

Phyllothemis raymondi and Phyllothemis eltoni are very similar to each other and may eventually prove to be the same species.

139411995,Pornothemis starrei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pornothemis,starrei,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948", 139412011,Protorthemis celebensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Protorthemis,celebensis,,,,,"Kirby, 1889", 139412117,Rhyothemis hurleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,hurleyi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1926", 139412180,Rhyothemis pygmaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,pygmaea,,,,,"(Brauer, 1867)","

Rhyothemis pygmaea has been confused with R. fulgens, with all records of the former from west of the Wallace line actually referring to R. fulgens (see Dow et al. 2015).

" 139414663,Tetrathemis leptoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,leptoptera,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 139417245,Tramea phaeoneura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,phaeoneura,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 139417255,Tramea rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,rosenbergi,,,,,"Brauer, 1866", 139417340,Tyriobapta kuekenthali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tyriobapta,kuekenthali,,,,,"(Karsch, 1903)","

There has been confusion over the identification of Tyriobapta kuekenthali and T. laidlawi at least since the publication of Orr (2003) and probably for longer; this issue is discussed in Dow et al. (2020) and the reader is referred to that discussion. One consequence of the confusion is that records of T. laidlawi in a number of publications (Cleary et al. 2004, Lieftinck 1953a, Lieftinck 1953b, Thompson & van Tol 1993 and Noorhidayah-Mamat et al. 2014) may actually refer to T. kuekenthali, most of the specimens concerned are available to be checked in principle but this check has not been carried out at the time of writing. Therefore the records from the listed publications are simply left out of consideration for mapping and most other assessment purposes at this time, other records are used in corrected form. This has little effect on the threat category in which either species is placed in practice, but does have implications for their distributions. In particular if the record of T. laidlawi from Peninsular Malaysia in Noorhidayah-Mamat et al. (2014) actually refers to T. kuekenthali then T. laidlawi is only known from Borneo.

" 139417352,Tyriobapta laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tyriobapta,laidlawi,,,,,"Ris, 1919","

There has been confusion over the identification of Tyriobapta kuekenthali and T. laidlawi at least since the publication of Orr (2003) and probably for longer; this issue is discussed in Dow et al. (2020) and the reader is referred to that discussion. One consequence of the confusion is that records of T. laidlawi in a number of publications (Cleary et al. 2004, Lieftinck 1953a, Lieftinck 1953b, Thompson & van Tol 1993 and Noorhidayah-Mamat et al. 2014) may actually refer to T. kuekenthali, most of the specimens concerned are available to be checked in principle but this check has not been carried out at the time of writing. Therefore the records from the listed publications are simply left out of consideration for mapping and most other assessment purposes at this time, other records are used in corrected form. This has little effect on the threat category in which either species is placed in practice, but does have implications for their distributions. In particular if the record of T. laidlawi from Peninsular Malaysia in Noorhidayah-Mamat et al. (2014) actually refers to T. kuekenthali then T. laidlawi is only known from Borneo.

" 139419793,Macromia corycia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,corycia,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1922","

Macromia corycia is very similar to M. gerstaeckeri Krüger, 1899 and may eventually prove to be a junior synonym of that species.

" 139419869,Macromia mnemosyne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,mnemosyne,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 139422404,Rhinagrion borneense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,borneense,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 139422452,Rhinagrion macrocephalum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,macrocephalum,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 139424973,Lochmaeocnemis malacodora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lochmaeocnemis,malacodora,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 139427386,Matticnemis doi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Matticnemis,doi,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 2012)", 103881981,Catharus swainsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,swainsoni,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1845)","

Catharus ustulatus and C. swainsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. ustulatus following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 & supplements), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22712594,Regulus satrapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REGULIDAE,Regulus,satrapa,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 122802031,Rhinocypha humeralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,humeralis,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 139547024,Laetacara araguaiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Laetacara,araguaiae,,,,,"Ottoni & Costa, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139547087,Laetacara curviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Laetacara,curviceps,,,,,"(Ahl, 1923)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139547162,Laetacara flamannellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Laetacara,flamannellus,,,,,"Ottoni, Bragança, Amorim & Gama, 2012","Laetacara flamannellus foi descrita apenas com base em variação do padrão de coloração, em indivíduos adultos vivos, porém existem dúvidas sobre a validade da espécie (S.O. Kullander com. pess. 2013). Não há sinonímia." 53846725,Laimosemion amanapira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,amanapira,,,,,"(Costa, 2004)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53859056,Laimosemion jauaperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,jauaperi,,,,,"Costa & Bragança, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53870321,Laimosemion romeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,romeri,,,,,"(Costa, 2003)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830606,Laimosemion strigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,strigatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1912)",Não há limitações taxonômicas. 53870427,Laimosemion uakti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,uakti,,,,,"(Costa, 2004)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Rivulus uakti é membro do grupo de espécies Rivulus atratus, que inclui Rivulus amanapira, Rivulus atratus, Rivulus ornatus, Rivulus rectocaudatus, Rivulus romeri e Rivulus tecminae (Costa 2004)." 53870469,Laimosemion uatuman,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,uatuman,,,,,"(Costa, 2004)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139547386,Laimosemion ubim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,ubim,,,,,"Costa & Lazzarotto, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Laimosemion ubim é um membro do clado Owiyeye (Costa e Lazzarotto 2014). 139547444,Lamontichthys avacanoeiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lamontichthys,avacanoeiro,,,,,"de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza, 2009", 139547609,Lasiancistrus saetiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lasiancistrus,saetiger,,,,,"Armbruster, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 139547698,Lepidocharax burnsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Lepidocharax,burnsi,,,,,"Ferreira, Menezes & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139547775,Lepidocharax diamantina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Lepidocharax,diamantina,,,,,"Ferreira, Menezes & Quagio-Grassiotto, 2011", 139547851,Leporacanthicus heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Leporacanthicus,heterodon,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Não há sinonímia. 139547864,Leporacanthicus joselimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Leporacanthicus,joselimai,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989", 139548632,Leporinus bistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,bistriatus,,,,,"Britski, 1997",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139548663,Megaleporinus brinco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Megaleporinus,brinco,,,,,"(Birindelli, Britski & Garavello, 2013)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139548784,Leporinus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,guttatus,,,,,"Birindelli & Britski, 2009", 139548796,Leporinus melanopleurodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,melanopleurodes,,,,,"Birindelli, Britski & Garavello, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139548817,Leporinus microphysus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,microphysus,,,,,"Birindelli & Britski, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139548835,Leporinus parvulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,parvulus,,,,,"Birindelli, Britski & Lima, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139548883,Megaleporinus piavussu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Megaleporinus,piavussu,,,,,"(Britski, Birindelli & Garavello, 2012)","Megaleporinus piavussu foi identificada por diversos nomes na bacia do alto rio Paraná, até a publicação da sua descrição original, principalmente por Leporinus obtusidens, nome atualmente atribuído à piapara da bacia do rio Prata." 139548913,Leporinus pitingai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,pitingai,,,,,"Santos & Jégu, 1996",Existem incertezas quanto à atribuição ao gênero Leporinus. 139548938,Leporinus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,reticulatus,,,,,"Britski & Garavello, 1993",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139549172,Leporinus santosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,santosi,,,,,"Britski & Birindelli, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139549195,Leporinus sexstriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,sexstriatus,,,,,"Britski & Garavello, 1980",Esta espécie foi recentemente descrita por Britski e Garavello (1980). Não há nenhum problema taxonômico envolvendo esta espécie (Birindelli com. pess. 2012). 139549266,Leporinus tristriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,tristriatus,,,,,"Birindelli & Britski, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139549288,Leporinus vanzoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,vanzoi,,,,,"Britski & Garavello, 2005",Esta espécie foi recentemente descrita por Britski e Garavello 2005. Não há nenhum problema taxonômico envolvendo esta espécie (Birindelli com. pess. 2012). 139549371,Lepthoplosternum stellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Lepthoplosternum,stellatum,,,,,"Reis & Kaefer, 2005",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167656,Lepthoplosternum tordilho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Lepthoplosternum,tordilho,,,,,"Reis, 1997",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139549622,Leptobrycon jatuaranae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Leptobrycon,jatuaranae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1915",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 22711597,Polioptila albiloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,albiloris,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1860", 139554002,Leptodoras marki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Leptodoras,marki,,,,,"Birindelli & Sousa, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímias. 139554039,Leptodoras oyakawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Leptodoras,oyakawai,,,,,"Birindelli, Sousa & Sabaj Pérez, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímias. 22711578,Ramphocaenus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Ramphocaenus,melanurus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 39297,Leptolebias marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Leptolebias,marmoratus,,,,,"(Ladiges, 1934)",Following Eschmeyer (2004) Cynolebias marmoratus was transferred to Leptolebias marmoratus. 139556156,Leptophilypnion fittkaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Leptophilypnion,fittkaui,,,,,"Roberts, 2013",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139556168,Leptophilypnion pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Leptophilypnion,pusillus,,,,,"Roberts, 2013",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139556295,Leptorhamdia schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Leptorhamdia,schultzi,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1964)","A espécie foi originalmente descrita em Rhamdella, transferida para Leptorhamdia por Bizerril e Borba (1994)." 49829639,Limatulichthys griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Limatulichthys,griseus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)",Sinônimo de Pseudoloricaria punctata (Regan 1904). Não existem limitações relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 167691,Listrura camposae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Listrura,camposae,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1957)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Segundo Villa-Verde et al. (2012), Listrura camposae foi registrada somente em dois pontos da bacia do Ribeira (SP), em um dos quais, a localidade-tipo, a subpopulação já foi extirpada. A subpopulação de Listrura previamente identificada como L. camposae em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, na verdade trata-se de uma espécie não identificada. A espécie consta na portaria MMA no 445/2014 como Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1957)." 139557003,Listrura costai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Listrura,costai,,,,,"Villa-Verde, Lazzarotto & Lima, 2012", 139557178,Listrura depinnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Listrura,depinnai,,,,,"Villa-Verde, Ferrer & Malabarba, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139557868,Loricaria birindellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricaria,birindellii,,,,,"Thomas & Sabaj Pérez, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 139557892,Loricaria coximensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricaria,coximensis,,,,,"Rodriguez, Cavallaro & Thomas, 2012", 139557930,Loricaria lata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricaria,lata,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889","Loricaria lata foi descrita sem localidade precisa (“rio Araguaia, Goiáz”), e há poucos lotes identificados com esse nome em coleções e museus. A espécie se assemelha a Loricaria cataphracta, com a qual ocorre em simpatria, o que gera dificuldades para distinguir lotes das duas espécies. Isso impede, no momento, que se conheça adequadamente a área de distribuição da espécie, supostamente restrita à bacia do Tocantins/Araguaia. Não há sinonímia." 139558003,Loricaria parnahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricaria,parnahybae,,,,,"Steindachner, 1907",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139558111,Loricaria pumila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricaria,pumila,,,,,"Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 139558139,Loricaria spinulifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricaria,spinulifera,,,,,"Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 49830613,Loricariichthys nudirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,nudirostris,,,,,"(Kner, 1853)",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Loricariichthys nudirostris foi considerada válida numa revisão recente (Paixão 2012) que está sendo preparada para publicação por Paixão e Toledo-Piza. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 139558444,Macropsobrycon xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Macropsobrycon,xinguensis,,,,,"Géry, 1973","Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Macropsobrycon xinguensis é válida, porém (Malabarba 1998) considera que a espécie não pertence ao gênero Macropsobrycon nem a subfamília Cheirodontinae." 49829984,Sternarchella duccis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchella,duccis,,,,,"(Lundberg, Cox Fernandes & Albert, 1996)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139558665,Maratecoara formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Maratecoara,formosa,,,,,"Costa & Brasil, 1995", 139558684,Maratecoara gesmonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Maratecoara,gesmonei,,,,,"Nielsen, Martins & Britzke, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139558709,Maratecoara lacortei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Maratecoara,lacortei,,,,,"(Lazara, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139558762,Maratecoara splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Maratecoara,splendida,,,,,"Costa, 2007", 139558790,Megadontognathus kaitukaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Megadontognathus,kaitukaensis,,,,,"Campos-da-Paz, 1999", 167675,Melanorivulus apiamici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,apiamici,,,,,"Costa, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53870575,Melanorivulus bororo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,bororo,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53870593,Melanorivulus crixas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,crixas,,,,,"(Costa, 2007)", 53870611,Melanorivulus cyanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,cyanopterus,,,,,"(Costa, 2005)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53873184,Melanorivulus dapazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,dapazi,,,,,"(Costa, 2005)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53873817,Melanorivulus jalapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,jalapensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2010)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53873895,Melanorivulus javahe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,javahe,,,,,"(Costa, 2007)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53873986,Melanorivulus karaja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,karaja,,,,,"(Costa, 2007)", 53874085,Melanorivulus kayabi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,kayabi,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53874170,Melanorivulus kayapo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,kayapo,,,,,"(Costa, 2006)", 53875382,Melanorivulus kunzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,kunzei,,,,,"Costa, 2012", 53874285,Melanorivulus megaroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,megaroni,,,,,"(Costa, 2010)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53874345,Melanorivulus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,modestus,,,,,"(Costa, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53874406,Melanorivulus paresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,paresi,,,,,"(Costa, 2008)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53874460,Melanorivulus parnaibensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,parnaibensis,,,,,"(Costa, 2003)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53874835,Melanorivulus rubromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,rubromarginatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2007)", 53874905,Melanorivulus salmonicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,salmonicaudus,,,,,"(Costa, 2007)", 53875007,Melanorivulus schuncki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,schuncki,,,,,"(Costa & De Luca, 2011)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53875087,Melanorivulus ubirajarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,ubirajarai,,,,,"Costa, 2012", 53875244,Melanorivulus violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,violaceus,,,,,"(Costa, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 53875271,Melanorivulus zygonectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,zygonectes,,,,,"(Myers, 1927)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139559711,Melanorivulus leali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,leali,,,,,"Costa, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139559737,Melanorivulus rubroreticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,rubroreticulatus,,,,,"Costa, Amorim & Bragança, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139559906,Mesonauta acora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mesonauta,acora,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 103882288,Polioptila plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,plumbea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Polioptila plumbea and P. maior (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. plumbea (see AOU [1998 & supplements]; SACC [2005 & updates]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]).

" 49829546,Metynnis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Metynnis,maculatus,,,,,"(Kner, 1858)","A revisão taxonômica da espécie foi realizada por (Zarske e Géry 1999), incluindo análise da série-tipo. A espécie é comumente confundida com Metynnis lippincottianus, principalmente nas bacias dos rios Paraná e São Francisco, pois compartilham a presença de máculas no corpo (R.P. Ota com. pess. 2014). Nomes Antigos: Myletes maculatus (Kner 1858)." 139560657,Metynnis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Metynnis,fasciatus,,,,,"Ahl, 1931","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Zarske e Géry (2008) consideraram Metynnis fasciatus (Ahl 1931) sinônimo júnior de Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller e Troschel 1844). Posteriormente, Zarske (2012) não conseguiu determinar o real status da espécie, considerando-a válida tanto como Metynnis fasciatus ou sinônimo júnior de Metynnis hypsauchen, causando muitos erros de identificação e confusão da utilização dos nomes das duas espécies até a atualidade. Metynnis fasciatus foi considerada entidade específica válida por Rafaela Ota (com. pess.)." 139560679,Metynnis polystictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Metynnis,polystictus,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2008",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 22711594,Polioptila nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,nigriceps,,,,,"Baird, 1864", 22711585,Polioptila californica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,californica,,,,,"Brewster, 1881", 139563721,Microglanis maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,maculatus,,,,,"Shibatta, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139563855,Microglanis malabarbai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,malabarbai,,,,,"Bertaco & Cardoso, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139563921,Microglanis minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,minutus,,,,,"Ottoni, Mattos & Barbosa, 2010","Microglanis minutus pode representar um sinônimo júnior de Microglanis pataxo Sarmento-Soares et al. 2006, necessitando maiores investigações (Sarmento-Soares com. pess. 2013)." 139563993,Microglanis oliveirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,oliveirai,,,,,"Ruiz & Shibatta, 2011",A espécie não apresenta problemas taxonômicos. 139564280,Microglanis pleriqueater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,pleriqueater,,,,,"Mattos, Ottoni & Barbosa, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139564482,Microglanis robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,robustus,,,,,"Ruiz & Shibatta, 2010", 139564520,Microglanis xylographicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,xylographicus,,,,,"Ruiz & Shibatta, 2011",Não há sinonímia. Não foram encontrados problemas taxonômicos relacionados ao táxon. 139564677,Microlepidogaster arachas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Microlepidogaster,arachas,,,,,"Martins, Calegari & Langeani, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139564836,Microlepidogaster dimorpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Microlepidogaster,dimorpha,,,,,"Martins & Langeani, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139564909,Microlepidogaster longicolla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Microlepidogaster,longicolla,,,,,"Calegari & Reis, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139565077,Micromyzon akamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Micromyzon,akamai,,,,,"Friel & Lundberg, 1996",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139565177,Microphilypnus acangaquara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Microphilypnus,acangaquara,,,,,"Caires & Figueiredo, 2011",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139565239,Microphilypnus tapajosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Microphilypnus,tapajosensis,,,,,"Caires, 2013",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139565380,Poecilia branneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,branneri,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1894","Há uma linha de pesquisa que, com base em estudos de filogenia molecular, considera Micropoecilia como um subgênero de Poecilia." 139565464,Poecilia minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,minima,,,,,"Costa & Sarraf, 1997","Há uma linha de pesquisa que, com base em estudos de filogenia molecular, considera Micropoecilia como um subgênero de Poecilia." 167632,Microschemobrycon elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Microschemobrycon,elongatus,,,,,"Géry, 1973",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830157,Microschemobrycon geisleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Microschemobrycon,geisleri,,,,,"Géry, 1973",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139566383,Mimagoniates pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Mimagoniates,pulcher,,,,,"Menezes & Weitzman, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139566621,Miuroglanis platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Miuroglanis,platycephalus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139566732,Moema apurinan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,apurinan,,,,,"Costa, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139566814,Moema boticarioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,boticarioi,,,,,"(Costa, 2004)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139566912,Moema heterostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,heterostigma,,,,,"Costa, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon 139566994,Moema nudifrontata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,nudifrontata,,,,,"Costa, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139567043,Moema piriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,piriana,,,,,"Costa, 1989", 139567200,Moema portugali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,portugali,,,,,"Costa, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139567249,Moema staecki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Moema,staecki,,,,,"(Seegers, 1987)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139568478,Moenkhausia affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,affinis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1915","Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. O status taxonômico de Moenkhausia affinis necessita de revisão. A localidade-tipo é altamente amostrada, mas a espécie não tem sido identificada em coleções ictiológicas desde sua descrição. No entanto, pode ter sido historicamente confundida com outras espécies de padrão geral de pequenos caracídeos. A espécie não consta na única revisão publicada do gênero de Eigenmann (1927) em sua monografia sobre os caracídeos neotropicais, o que pode ter contribuído para o desconhecimento atual sobre a espécie. Pode se tratar de um sinônimo júnior de Moenkhausia jamesii, visto que na descrição original o autor compara explicitamente as duas espécies." 22711518,Uropsila leucogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Uropsila,leucogastra,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 139568676,Moenkhausia aurantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,aurantia,,,,,"Bertaco, Jerep & Carvalho, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139568694,Moenkhausia bonita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,bonita,,,,,"Benine, Castro & Sabino, 2004","Moenkhausia é um dos gêneros mais especiosos em Characidae, composto atualmente de 75 espécies nominais de peixes de pequeno porte distribuídos ao longo das bacias hidrográficas na América do Sul principalmente Amazonas e Guianas. O gênero Moenkhausia é polifilético e existe a necessidade de uma extensa revisão do grupo (Mariguela et al. 2013)." 139568851,Moenkhausia celibela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,celibela,,,,,"Marinho & Langeani, 2010",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139568902,Moenkhausia chlorophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,chlorophthalma,,,,,"Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139568974,Moenkhausia cosmops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,cosmops,,,,,"Lima, Britski & Machado, 2007","Moenkhausia cosmops provavelmente faz parte do complexo Moenkhausia oligolepis/ M. sanctaefilomenae (Lima et al. 2007, Mariguela et al. 2013)." 139569105,Moenkhausia dasalmas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,dasalmas,,,,,"Bertaco, Jerep & Carvalho, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139569134,Moenkhausia diktyota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,diktyota,,,,,"Lima & Toledo-Piza, 2001",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139569163,Moenkhausia eurystaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,eurystaenia,,,,,"Marinho, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 22711441,Cantorchilus thoracicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,thoracicus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1865)",

Cantorchilus thoracicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus thoracicus.

139569933,Moenkhausia forestii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,forestii,,,,,"Benine, Mariguela & Oliveira, 2009","Moenkhausia é um dos gêneros mais especiosos em Characidae, composto atualmente de 75 espécies nominais de peixes de pequeno porte distribuídos ao longo das bacias hidrográficas na América do Sul principalmente Amazonas e Guianas (Mariguela et al. 2013). Segundo Mariguela et al. (2013) o gênero Moenkhausia é polifilético e existe a necessidade de uma extensa revisão do grupo." 139569956,Moenkhausia gracilima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,gracilima,,,,,Eigenmann 1908,Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139570016,Moenkhausia hasemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,hasemani,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139570066,Moenkhausia heikoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,heikoi,,,,,"Géry & Zarske, 2004",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 22711455,Thryophilus rufalbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryophilus,rufalbus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)",

Thryophilus rufalbus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus rufalbus.

139570159,Moenkhausia icae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,icae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1908",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Pertence ao grupo Lepidura (Marinho 2009). 139570422,Moenkhausia levidorsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,levidorsa,,,,,"Benine, 2002",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 22711401,Pheugopedius fasciatoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,fasciatoventris,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)",

Pheugopedius fasciatoventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus fasciatoventris.

 

22711419,Pheugopedius felix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,felix,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)",

Pheugopedius felix (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus felix.

22711422,Pheugopedius maculipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,maculipectus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)",

Pheugopedius maculipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus maculipectus.

6089,Cynomys mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Cynomys,mexicanus,,,,,"Merriam, 1892", 161480,Mustelus mosis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,mosis,,,,,"Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899", 107605014,Maculabatis ambigua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,ambigua,,,,,"Last, Bogorodsky & Alpermann, 2016", 17450294,Agama anchietae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,anchietae,,,,,"Bocage, 1896","

Numerous recent, comprehensive molecular phylogenetic studies have firmly established that Agama anchietae is a distinct species within the southern African Agamids clade, and is most closely related to A. atra (Matthee and Flemming 2002, Swart et al. 2008, Leache et al. 2009, 2014). Unpublished data recovered three distinct, structured populations across their distribution but further analysis is required before any taxonomic adjustments are made (Nielsen 2016). Although readily diagnosable to the practiced eye, this taxon is occasionally confused with related species with overlapping distributions (e.g. A. atra, A. hispida and A. a. aculeata).

" 196963,Dalophia pistillum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Dalophia,pistillum,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 196965,Monopeltis decosteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,decosteri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910","Broadley et al. (1976) considered Monopeltis decosteri to be a synonym of M. capensis, referable to Group C (Broadley et al. 1976) . However, a subsequent revision by Broadley (1997) revived M. decosteri as a full species. The entire M. capensis group requires a taxonomic investigation within a phylogenetic framework because morphological traits appear to be very variable." 196966,Monopeltis infuscata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,infuscata,,,,,"Broadley, 1997",Broadley (1997) elevated Monopeltis capensis capensis Group B to species status as M. infuscata. The taxonomy of the entire group will be improved by a systematic revision using molecular methods. 196971,Zygaspis quadrifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,quadrifrons,,,,,"(Peters, 1862)", 20878118,Atractaspis duerdeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Atractaspis,duerdeni,,,,,"Gough, 1907",There are no known taxonomic issues. 13265579,Telescopus beetzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Telescopus,beetzii,,,,,"(Barbour, 1922)", 110158905,Chamaesaura anguina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Chamaesaura,anguina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Stanley et al. (2011) recognised the subspecies Chamaesaura anguina tenuior from Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo as a full species. The relationship between the other two subspecies, C. anguina and C. anguina oligopholis remains problematic and requires investigation in a phylogenetic framework.

" 110159440,Cordylus jonesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,jonesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1891)","Jacobsen (1989) was of the opinion that this taxon is conspecific with Cordylus tropidosternum. However, a recent molecular phylogeny (Stanley et al. 2011) indicated that the two species are not closely related." 22690774,Columbina passerina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,passerina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22690779,Columbina minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,minuta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22711290,Campylorhynchus jocosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,jocosus,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22690784,Columbina talpacoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,talpacoti,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)", 22711284,Campylorhynchus gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,gularis,,,,,"Sclater, 1861", 22711296,Campylorhynchus chiapensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,chiapensis,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1891", 22690809,Claravis pretiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Claravis,pretiosa,,,,,"(Ferrari-Pérez, 1886)", 22711313,Campylorhynchus zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,zonatus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22711377,Thryomanes bewickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryomanes,bewickii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1827)", 110167993,Aspidelaps lubricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aspidelaps,lubricus,,,,,"(Laurenti, 1768)","Broadley and Baldwin (2006) referred Aspidelaps lubricus infuscatus to the synonymy of A. lubricus cowlesi (Namibia and southwestern Angola). However, relationships between the subspecies should be investigated in a molecular phylogenetic framework." 110168111,Aspidelaps scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aspidelaps,scutatus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","Three subspecies are recognised, namely Aspidelaps scutatus scutatus, A. s. intermedius and A. s. fulafula. According to Broadley and Baldwin (2006), the latter two subspecies may together represent a single species (A. s. fulafula is the older name) separate from A. s. scutatus. It is unclear if distributions of the subspecies are allopatric and a phylogenetic analysis is needed to verify if there is any subspecies or species level structure. " 103889550,Cantorchilus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,modestus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)","

Cantorchilus modestus and C. zeledoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Thryothorus modestus following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 110168328,Elapsoidea sundevallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Elapsoidea,sundevallii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1848)",The various subspecies of Elapsoidea sundevallii have overlapping morphological characters making them difficult to distinguish morphologically. There is therefore a need to investigate their status by means of a molecular phylogenetic analysis. 22690966,Geotrygon montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,montana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 110168705,Naja nigricincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,nigricincta,,,,,"Bogert, 1940","Naja nigricollis and N. nigricincta are considered as separate species (Uetz et al. 2021), with the latter also consisting of subspecies (N. nigricincta nigricincta and N. n. woodi). Wüster et al. (2007) considered all three taxa as subspecies of Naja nigricollis (N. nigricollis nigricollis, N. n. nigricincta, N. n. woodi), although they cautioned that the taxonomy of the N. nigricollis-nigricincta complex still requires further study. This assessment follows the taxonomy of Uetz et al. (2021) in recognising Naja nigricollis and N. nigricincta as full species, and N. nigricincta woodi as a subspecies. Only the subspecies Naja nigricincta woodi occurs in South Africa." 110168750,Naja nivea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Naja,nivea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103887340,Campylorhynchus rufinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,rufinucha,,,,,"(Lesson, 1838)","

Campylorhynchus rufinucha, C. humilis and C. capistratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rufinucha following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103887386,Campylorhynchus humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,humilis,,,,,"Sclater, 1856","

Campylorhynchus rufinucha, C. humilis and C. capistratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rufinucha following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103887650,Campylorhynchus capistratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,capistratus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1842)","

Campylorhynchus rufinucha, C. humilis and C. capistratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. rufinucha following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103887192,Thryothorus ludovicianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryothorus,ludovicianus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","

Thryothorus ludovicianus and T. albinucha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. ludovicianus (see AOU [1998 & supplements]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]).

 

" 22690928,Leptotrygon veraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotrygon,veraguensis,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)",Leptotrygon veraguensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon. 196901,Afroedura transvaalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,transvaalica,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)","

The taxonomic status of the various disjunct populations of this species should be investigated. Afroedura loveridgei was formerly considered as a subspecies of A. transvaalica (Onderstall 1984) but has since been elevated to specific status (Branch 1998).

Jacobsen et al. (2014) found relatively deep sequence divergences among localities, with samples from Limpopo clustered with those from southern Zimbabwe, while northern Zimbabwe populations were more distinct. They also noted: ""Previous interpretations of distributional data for this taxon reflected three disjunct populations (e.g. Onderstall 1984, Branch 1998), however, more complete sampling across Zimbabwe suggests that there may be no significant gaps between these (D.G. Broadley pers. comm.).

" 196906,Chondrodactylus bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Chondrodactylus,bibronii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1846)","Previously treated as Pachydactylus bibronii (FitzSimons 1943, Branch 1998), but transferred to the genus Chondrodactylus by Bauer and Lamb (2005). Confusion with C. turneri (previously Pachydactylus laevigatus) was resolved by Benyr (1995)." 110202538,Homopholis arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Homopholis,arnoldi,,,,,"Loveridge, 1944",Broadley et al. (2014) showed that Homopholis wahlbergii arnoldi is a full species and resurrected it from the synonomy of H. wahlbergii. Homopholis arnoldi is usually distinguishable by a distinct dark dorsolateral stripe on either side of the body. 196916,Lygodactylus bradfieldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,bradfieldi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1932","

This taxon was treated as a subspecies of Lygodactylus capensis by FitzSimons (1943), as a synonym of the same species by Loveridge (1947), and revived as a full species by Pasteur (1965). The molecular phylogeny of Röll et al. (2010) showed that L. bradfieldi and L. capensis are separate species. Due to this long confusion the identity of many records in Angola (and presumably elsewhere), including recent reports from Huíla Province, remains in need of clarification as they may refer to either L. bradfieldi or L. capensis (Butler et al. 2019).

" 196926,Lygodactylus stevensoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,stevensoni,,,,,"Hewitt, 1926","

The identity and taxonomic status of the ""relict"" subpopulation at Lillie Nature Reserve in Limpopo Province, South Africa needs to be clarified (Jacobsen 1989).


" 196932,Pachydactylus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,capensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1846)","

FitzSimons (1943) and Loveridge (1947) regarded Pachydactylus capensis as a polytypic species with many subspecies. Subsequently Broadley (1971, 1977), Branch (1988, 1998), and Jacobsen (1989) elevated these subspecies, resulting in a monotypic P. capensis. Earlier records of this species from both the west coast and northeast of South Africa require individual confirmation, because specimens referable to P. labialis, P. affinis and P. vansoni were often identified as P. capensis. There is still confusion with respect to specific identity within the P. capensis group due to gross morphological similarities. This applies particularly to P. capensis and P. affinis, which occur in sympatry throughout much of the range of the latter (Jacobsen 1989). Some juvenile P. capensis have distinctive head markings that are similar to those of P. vansoni and this may also lead to misidentifications.

" 196933,Pachydactylus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,carinatus,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006","This species is part of the Pachydactylus serval group (Bauer et al. 2006). Older references to P. serval and P. onscepensis from the lower Orange River valley west of Goodhouse (e.g. McLachlan and Spence 1966) may be referable to P. carinatus. The identity of a population of geckos at Koboop near Onseepkans, tentatively referred to P. carinatus by Bauer et al. (2006), requires verification." 196937,Pachydactylus haackei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,haackei,,,,,"Branch, Bauer & Good, 1996","This species was previously confused with Pachydactylus namaquensis (Branch et al. 1996, Bauer and Branch 2003 [2001]). Most old records of P. namaquensis from Namibia and the Orange River valley are almost certainly referable to P. haackei." 196939,Pachydactylus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,latirostris,,,,,"Hewitt, 1923","This species has often been considered as a subspecies of Pachydactylus mariquensis (e.g. Loveridge 1947, Branch 1998), but consistent morphological differences in cephalic scalation, as well as molecular differences, support its specific distinctness (Bauer et al. 2011). The identification of older specimens from areas of sympatry and near sympatry with P. mariquensis should be confirmed." 196941,Pachydactylus monicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,monicae,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006",This species is part of the Pachydactylus weberi group (Bauer et al. 2006). Some old records of P. weberi from the Richtersveld and adjacent southern Namibia may be referable to P. monicae (e.g. Bauer and Branch 2003 [2001]). 196942,Pachydactylus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,montanus,,,,,"Methuen & Hewitt, 1914","Until a recent revision (Bauer et al. 2006), this species was generally cited as Pachydactylus serval onscepensis following the work of McLachlan and Spence (1966). Many records of P. serval from the Northern Cape and southern Namibia are thus referable to P. montanus. Although there are no known diagnostic features that separate populations of P. montanus from the Onseepkans area from other populations, there is a large divergence in mitochondrial DNA (Bauer et al. 2006) and further taxonomic studies are warranted. Adult P. montanus are very similar in appearance to P. serval and also P. purcelli. Because P. montanus co-occurs with one or both of these congeners across most of its range, identifications of all specimens should be carefully checked. Further study of isolated populations in southern Namibia (30 km east of Aus; Farm Houmoed, Tirasberg Mountains) is warranted." 196945,Pachydactylus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,punctatus,,,,,"Peters, 1854","

Bauer and Branch (1995) elevated the northwestern Namibian subspecies Pachydactylus punctatus scherzi to specific status, and considered all other subspecies and synonyms of P. punctatus as being referable to P. p. punctatus. However, they indicated that there was extensive geographically correlated colour pattern variation in the species and further study is required. Pachydactylus amoenoides has occasionally been considered as a valid species (Wermuth 1965) or subspecies of P. punctatus (Jacobsen 1989) from southwestern Namibia, but it was tentatively included in the synonymy of P. punctatus by Bauer and Branch (1995). A phylogeographic study of P. punctatus should be  undertaken.

Based on provisional results of the latter study, the name P. punctatus would apply to eastern populations, but P. amoenoides will need to be resurrected for Northern Cape populations.


" 196948,Pachydactylus rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,rugosus,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849","Prior to the elevation of Pachydactylus barnardi and P. formosus from subspecific status within P. rugosus (Lamb and Bauer 2000), some references to P. rugosus from the western portions of the Western and Northern Cape actually refer to these other species." 196949,Pachydactylus tigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,tigrinus,,,,,"Van Dam, 1921","Broadley (1977) elevated Pachydactylus tigrinus to full specific status within the P. capensis group, and also established its synonymy with P. rhodesianus." 196950,Pachydactylus visseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,visseri,,,,,"Bauer, Lamb & Branch, 2006","This species is part of the Pachydactylus weberi group (Bauer et al. 2006). Some earlier references to, and photographs of, P. weberi from the lower Orange River and the Fish River Canyon are, at least in part, referable to this species (Branch 1988, 1994, 1998; Bauer and Branch 2003 [2001]; Bauer and Lamb 2005)." 196953,Ptenopus garrulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ptenopus,garrulus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","Trinomials have been used since FitzSimons (1935) treated Ptenopus maculatus Gray, 1865 as a subspecies of P. garrulus (Brain 1962, Haacke 1975). A phylogeographic survey of this wide-ranging species may reveal intraspecific diversity." 13152292,Matobosaurus validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Matobosaurus,validus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)",


139788403,Moenkhausia lopesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,lopesi,,,,,"Britski & de Silimon, 2001",Não existem restrições taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxi. Segundo Mariguela et al. (2013) o gênero Moenkhausia é polifilético e existe a necessidade de uma revisão extensiva do grupo. 139788463,Moenkhausia loweae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,loweae,,,,,"Géry, 1992",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139788510,Moenkhausia newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,newtoni,,,,,"Travassos, 1964","Não há sinonímia. Segundo F.C.T. Lima (com. pess. 2014), a espécie parece ser uma species inquirenda. Sua descrição foi realizada aparentemente com espécimes juvenis." 139788594,Moenkhausia nigromarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,nigromarginata,,,,,"Costa, 1994",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139789311,Moenkhausia pankilopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,pankilopteryx,,,,,"Bertaco & Lucinda, 2006","Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Moenkhausia pankilopteryx, assim como Moenkhausia pirauba e Moenkhausia tridentata, fazem parte de um grupo que necessita de um estudo taxonômico aprofundado. A espécie pode ser sinônimo júnior de M. tridentata (Zarske e Géry 2006)." 139789352,Moenkhausia petymbuaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,petymbuaba,,,,,"Lima & Birindelli, 2006",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139789627,Moenkhausia phaeonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,phaeonota,,,,,"Fink, 1979",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139789681,Moenkhausia pirauba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,pirauba,,,,,"Zanata, Birindelli & Moreira, 2010",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139789811,Moenkhausia plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,plumbea,,,,,"Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139789851,Moenkhausia pyrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,pyrophthalma,,,,,"Costa, 1994",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139789887,Moenkhausia rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,rubra,,,,,"Pastana & Dagosta, 2014",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139789937,Moenkhausia tergimacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,tergimacula,,,,,"Lucena & Lucena, 1999",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139790097,Moenkhausia xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,xinguensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139790639,Mylesinus paraschomburgkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Mylesinus,paraschomburgkii,,,,,"Jégu, Santos & Ferreira, 1989","Desde a descrição original feita por Jégu e colaboradores acredita-se que a espécie possa ser Mylesinus schomburgkii  (Valenciennes 1850). Ambas são exclusivas do escudo das Guianas, M. schomburgkii foi descrita a partir de um exemplar incompleto (cabeça, MNHN A.9855) tendo possível procedência do rio Essequibo na Guiana. Como M. paraschomburgkii foi descrito para os rios Uatumã e Trombetas, rios que drenam o escudo, e até então não há novos registros de M. schomburgkii para o rio Essequibo. Mylesinus  paraschomburgkii foi descrita por apresentar diferenças em proporções de medidas de subunidades da cabeça. Portanto, uma futura reavaliação faz-se necessária para validade acurada da espécie." 139791314,Myloplus arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Myloplus,arnoldi,,,,,"Ahl, 1936","Algumas informações podem estar indexadas ao nome Myloplus arnoldi, espécie descrita no gênero Myleus. Jégu et al. (2004) revalidaram o gênero Myloplus, separando-o de Myleus, entre outras características, por apresentar um espaço evidente (de tamanho variável) entre as duas séries de dentes do pré-maxilar, alocando apenas M. rubripinnis e M. asterias nesse novo gênero. Por definição essa espécie é um Myloplus, mas é necessário um trabalho de realocação de gênero para chamarmos de Myloplus arnoldi. Tanto registros de Myleus arnoldi como de Myloplus arnoldi referem-se a essa espécie (R. Ota com. pess.). Há problema taxonômico do limite genérico entre Myleus e Myloplus (M. Andrade com. pess.). Esses gêneros estão sendo revisados por V.N. Gomes." 139791750,Nannacara taenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nannacara,taenia,,,,,"Regan, 1912","A localidade tipo é de Manaus, contudo a espécie foi descrita a partir de um exemplar de aquário possivelmente vindo de Belém. A espécie não ocorre no Amazonas." 139792565,Nannoplecostomus eleonorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Nannoplecostomus,eleonorae,,,,,"Ribeiro, Lima & Pereira, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139793111,Nannostomus britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,britskii,,,,,"Weitzman, 1978",Nenhuma proposta sinonímica encontrada. Não existem restrições taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 139794091,Nannostomus limatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,limatus,,,,,"Weitzman, 1978","Não há sinonímias. Existe dúvida quanto à validade da espécie (Zarske 1993). Nannostomus limatus possivelmente é um sinônimo de Nannostomus nitidus, sendo diagnosticadas pela presença ou ausência de nadadeira adiposa e da faixa terciária, caracteres aparentemente variáveis em ambas as espécies. No entanto, a diferença entre os rastros branquiais pode ser uma característica importante para separar as duas espécies. Porém, os caracteres de colorido continuam sendo os mais utilizados para a identificação, trazendo problemas na delimitação da extensão de ocorrência das duas espécies (Netto-Ferreira com. pess. 2013)." 139794131,Nannostomus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,nitidus,,,,,Weitzman 1978,"Existe dúvida quanto à validade da espécie (Zarske 1993). Nannostomus nitidus é possivelmente um sinônimo de Nannostomus limatus. Até o momento as espécies são diagnosticadas pela presença ou ausência de nadadeira adiposa e da faixa terciária, caracteres aparentemente variáveis em ambos os táxons. No entanto, a diferença entre os rastros branquiais pode ser uma característica importante para separar as duas espécies. Porém, os caracteres de colorido continuam sendo os mais utilizados para a identificação, trazendo problemas na delimitação da extensão de ocorrência das duas espécies (Netto-Ferreira com. pess. 2013). Não há sinonímias." 139795750,Nematolebias catimbau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Nematolebias,catimbau,,,,,"Costa, Amorim & Aranha, 2014", 22712028,Psaltriparus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,AEGITHALIDAE,Psaltriparus,minimus,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)", 22705681,Cyanocorax melanocyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,melanocyaneus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)", 22705756,Cyanocorax colliei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,colliei,,,,,"(Vigors, 1829)",

Cyanocorax colliei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Calocitta colliei.

103693796,Tunchiornis ochraceiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Tunchiornis,ochraceiceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1859","

Tunchiornis ochraceiceps and T. luteifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hylophilus ochraceiceps following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22705134,Vireolanius pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireolanius,pulchellus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1859", 103693666,Hylophilus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,insularis,,,,,"Sclater, 1861","

Hylophilus flavipes, H. viridiflavus and H. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. flavipes following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103693676,Hylophilus viridiflavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,viridiflavus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1861","

Hylophilus flavipes, H. viridiflavus and H. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. flavipes following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22705124,Cyclarhis gujanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Cyclarhis,gujanensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22705321,Pachysylvia decurtata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pachysylvia,decurtata,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1838)",

Pachysylvia decurtata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylophilus decurtatus.

 

22705191,Vireo pallens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,pallens,,,,,"Salvin, 1863", 22705182,Vireo huttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,huttoni,,,,,"Cassin, 1851", 22705231,Vireo plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,plumbeus,,,,,"Coues, 1866", 22705273,Vireo leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,leucophrys,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1844)", 22705248,Vireo flavoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,flavoviridis,,,,,"(Cassin, 1851)", 22700689,Tityra semifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Tityra,semifasciata,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 103677221,Pachyramphus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,major,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1847)","Pachyramphus major and P. uropygialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. major following AOU (1998 and supplements), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103677225,Pachyramphus uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,uropygialis,,,,,"Nelson, 1899","Pachyramphus major and P. uropygialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. major following AOU (1998 and supplements), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 110834677,Carcharhinus humani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,humani,,,,,"White & Weigmann, 2014", 195489,Chlamydoselachus africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HEXANCHIFORMES,CHLAMYDOSELACHIDAE,Chlamydoselachus,africana,,,,,"Ebert & Compagno, 2009", 16084372,Oropodisma erymanthosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Oropodisma,erymanthosi,,,,,"Willemse, 1971", 15039329,Italopodisma samnitica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Italopodisma,samnitica,,,,,"(La Greca, 1954)", 185665,Ischnura intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,intermedia,,,,,"Dumont, 1974","This species pertains to the Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) group and is a close relative of the Asian I. forcipata Morton, 1907. Field separation with the latter is almost impossible and close examination under the microscope is needed. Keys to Middle East Ischnura species including I. intermedia are provided by Schneider (1986) and Kalkman (2006). Further comparisons with I. forcipata are to be found in Dumont (1974) and Dumont and Borisov (1995)." 165477,Ischnura saharensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,saharensis,,,,,"Aguesse, 1958", 60265,Nehalennia speciosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nehalennia,speciosa,,,,,"(Charpentier,1840)", 60274,Pyrrhosoma elisabethae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pyrrhosoma,elisabethae,,,,,"Schmidt, 1948",Until recently this species was regarded as subspecies of Pyrrhosoma nymphula. Kalkman and Lopau (2006) illustrated the differences between the two taxa and confirmed that they should be treated as two full valid species. 22698813,Leptopogon amaurocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Leptopogon,amaurocephalus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1846", 22698796,Mionectes oleagineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mionectes,oleagineus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22729313,Onychorhynchus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Onychorhynchus,mexicanus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 103680824,Zimmerius vilissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,vilissimus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1859)","Zimmerius vilissimus and Z. parvus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. vilissimus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and   updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680835,Zimmerius parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,parvus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)","Zimmerius vilissimus and Z. parvus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. vilissimus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and   updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680120,Mionectes olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mionectes,olivaceus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1868","Mionectes olivaceus and M. galbinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. olivaceus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22703140,Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,lachrymosus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 22703063,Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphocolaptes,promeropirhynchus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1840)", 22703043,Glyphorynchus spirurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Glyphorynchus,spirurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1819)", 22702962,Sclerurus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sclerurus,mexicanus,,,,,"Sclater, 1857", 103661243,Formicarius analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FORMICARIIDAE,Formicarius,analis,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)","

Formicarius analis and F. moniliger (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. analis following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 68442094,Nemobius interstitialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Nemobius,interstitialis,,,,,"Barranco, Gilgado & Ortuño, 2013", 103661269,Deconychura typica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Deconychura,typica,,,,,"Cherrie, 1891","

Deconychura longicauda, D. typica and D. pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. longicauda following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103661292,Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocolaptes,sanctithomae,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1852)",

Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae and D. punctipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. sanctithomae following AOU (1998 and supplements) and SACC (2005 and updates).

 

 

103670758,Xenops genibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xenops,genibarbis,,,,,"Illiger, 1811","

Xenops minutus and X. genibarbis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. minutus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 165498,Cordulegaster bidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,bidentata,,,,,"Selys, 1843","There have been speculations about Sicilian populations being a distinct subspecies, Cordulegaster bidentata sicilica Fraser, 1929. However, more recent genetic studies found no evidence to support the validity of this subspecies (Froufe et al. 2014, Boudot and Kalkman 2015). Still, the overall systematic organisation of the various members of this taxon remains unclear (Boudot 2001, Boudot et al. 2009)." 140314366,Gambusia zarskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,zarskei,,,,,"Meyer, Schories & Schartl, 2010", 139924892,Chaunax abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,abei,,,,,"Le Danois, 1978","Chaunax abei comprises a species-complex (Ho et al. 2016)." 139925003,Chaunax apus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,apus,,,,,"Lloyd, 1909","Further taxonomic work is recommended for this species (Ho and Ma 2016)." 139927678,Chaunax atimovatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,atimovatae,,,,,"Ho & Ma, 2016", 139927766,Chaunax brachysomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,brachysomus,,,,,"Ho, Kawai & Satria, 2015","This species belongs to the Chaunax abei species-complex (Ho et al. 2015)" 139927792,Chaunax breviradius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,breviradius,,,,,"Le Danois, 1978", 139927865,Chaunax endeavouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,endeavouri,,,,,"Whitley, 1929","This species is included in the Chaunax abei species-complex (Ho et al. 2015)." 139928515,Chaunax fimbriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,fimbriatus,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1879", 139928544,Chaunax flavomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,flavomaculatus,,,,,"Ho, Roberts & Stewart, 2013", 139928566,Chaunax gomoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,gomoni,,,,,"Ho, Kawai & Satria, 2015", 139928642,Chaunax heemstraorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,heemstraorum,,,,,"Ho & Ma, 2016", 139928695,Chaunax hollemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,hollemani,,,,,"Ho & Ma, 2016", 139928736,Chaunax latipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,latipunctatus,,,,,"Le Danois, 1984", 139928740,Chaunax mulleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,mulleus,,,,,"Ho, Roberts & Stewart, 2013", 139928790,Chaunax multilepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,multilepis,,,,,"Ho, Meleppura & Bineesh, 2016", 139928803,Chaunax nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,nebulosus,,,,,"Ho & Last, 2013", 139928929,Chaunax nudiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,nudiventer,,,,,"Ho & Shao, 2010", 139928991,Chaunax penicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,penicillatus,,,,,"McCulloch, 1915", 139928998,Chaunax reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,reticulatus,,,,,"Ho, Roberts & Stewart, 2013", 139929006,Chaunax russatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,russatus,,,,,"Ho, Roberts & Stewart, 2013", 139929043,Chaunax umbrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,umbrinus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 140199933,Lophichthys boschmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LOPHICHTHYIDAE,Lophichthys,boschmai,,,,,"Boeseman, 1964", 140202403,Coelophrys bradburyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Coelophrys,bradburyae,,,,,"Endo & Shinohara, 1999", 140202414,Coelophrys brevicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Coelophrys,brevicaudata,,,,,"Brauer, 1902", 140202449,Coelophrys micropa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Coelophrys,micropa,,,,,"(Alcock, 1891)", 140293395,Dibranchus accinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,accinctus,,,,,"Bradbury, 1999","This species is morphologically similar to Dibranchus obscurus and D. japonicus, and they may comprise a single species, but further investigation is needed (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 140293642,Dibranchus cracens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,cracens,,,,,"Bradbury, McCosker & Long, 1999", 140299898,Dibranchus discors,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,discors,,,,,"Bradbury, McCosker & Long, 1999", 140300257,Dibranchus erinaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,erinaceus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 140300290,Dibranchus hystrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,hystrix,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 140300323,Dibranchus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,japonicus,,,,,"Amaoka & Toyoshima, 1981","This species is morphologically similar to Dibranchus obscurus and D. accinctus, and they may comprise a single species, but further investigation is needed (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 140300357,Dibranchus nudivomer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,nudivomer,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 140300447,Dibranchus sparsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,sparsus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 140300461,Dibranchus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,spinosus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 140300494,Dibranchus spongiosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,spongiosa,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 140300513,Dibranchus velutinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Dibranchus,velutinus,,,,,"Bradbury, 1999", 140301383,Halicmetus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halicmetus,niger,,,,,"Ho, Endo & Sakamaki, 2008",This species is a part of a species complex (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140301432,Halicmetus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halicmetus,reticulatus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 140301457,Halicmetus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halicmetus,ruber,,,,,"Alcock, 1891", 139890267,Argentina georgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,ARGENTINIDAE,Argentina,georgei,,,,,"Cohen & Atsaides, 1969", 139890569,Gaidropsarus mauli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,LOTIDAE,Gaidropsarus,mauli,,,,,"Biscoito & Saldanha, 2018","The placement of this species in the family Gadidae is not supported according to current morphological and genetic analyses; instead, it belongs in the family Gaidropsaridae (Howes 1993, Roa-Varón and Ortí 2009, Iwamoto 2016, Nelson et al. 2016)." 139890701,Physiculus caboverdensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GADIFORMES,MORIDAE,Physiculus,caboverdensis,,,,,"González, Triay-Portella & Biscoito, 2018", 139901305,Chaunacops coloratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunacops,coloratus,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)","This species is distributed in two disjunct localities: the eastern Pacific (type locality) and eastern Indian Ocean (Caruso 1989). It is possible that specimens from these two localities represent distinct species, but further taxonomic research is needed (Caruso 1989, Lundsten et al. 2012, Ho and McGrouther 2015)." 139922437,Chaunacops melanostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunacops,melanostomus,,,,,"(Caruso, 1989)", 139922486,Chaunacops roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunacops,roseus,,,,,"(Barbour, 1941)", 139922898,Chaunacops spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunacops,spinosus,,,,,"Ho & McGrouther, 2015", 139924923,Chaunax africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,africanus,,,,,"Ho & Last, 2013",This species belongs to the Chaunax fimbriatus-species group (Ho and Last 2013). 139929030,Chaunax stigmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,stigmaeus,,,,,"Fowler, 1946","Chaunax stigmaeus is highly suspected to be a synonym of C. pictus, but until gene sequencing research is conducted, C. stigmaeus remains recognized as distinct (J. Caruso and R. Robertson pers. comm. 2018). Chaunax pictus is the older name, therefore, C. stigmaeus would be designated as a synonym of C. pictus." 139929862,Bufoceratias microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,DICERATIIDAE,Bufoceratias,microcephalus,,,,,"Ho, Kawai & Amaoka, 2016", 139929873,Bufoceratias shaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,DICERATIIDAE,Bufoceratias,shaoi,,,,,"Pietsch, Ho & Chen, 2004", 139929929,Bufoceratias thele,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,DICERATIIDAE,Bufoceratias,thele,,,,,"(Uwate, 1979)", 139929968,Diceratias bispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,DICERATIIDAE,Diceratias,bispinosus,,,,,"(Günther, 1887)", 139929974,Diceratias trilobus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,DICERATIIDAE,Diceratias,trilobus,,,,,"Balushkin & Fedorov, 1986", 140024240,Gigantactis balushkini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,balushkini,,,,,"Kharin, 1984", 140026414,Gigantactis gargantua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,gargantua,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 140026489,Gigantactis kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,kreffti,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 140026504,Gigantactis longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,longicauda,,,,,"Bertelsen & Pietsch, 2002", 140026535,Gigantactis macronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,macronema,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 140026546,Gigantactis meadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,meadi,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 140026571,Gigantactis microdontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,microdontis,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 140026656,Gigantactis microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,microphthalmus,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)","This species is known from only male specimens, and given the uncertainty associated with this method, especially for members of Gigantactinidae, significant taxonomic uncertainty is associated with this species until a female specimen is verified (Pietsch 2005, Pietsch 2009, Priede 2017). " 140026864,Gigantactis paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,paxtoni,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 140026907,Gigantactis perlatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,perlatus,,,,,"Beebe & Crane, 1947", 140026985,Gigantactis savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Gigantactis,savagei,,,,,"Bertelsen, Pietsch & Lavenberg, 1981", 140047872,Rhynchactis leptonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Rhynchactis,leptonema,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 140048406,Rhynchactis microthrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,GIGANTACTINIDAE,Rhynchactis,microthrix,,,,,"Bertelsen & Pietsch, 1998", 140078353,Himantolophus appelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,appelii,,,,,"(Clarke, 1878)","Pietsch and Kenaley (2011) recently described a new species from the Himantolophus appelii species group based on specimens that had been misidentified as H. appelii." 140078455,Himantolophus azurlucens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,azurlucens,,,,,"Beebe & Crane, 1947", 140078823,Himantolophus borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,borealis,,,,,"Kharin, 1984", 140078829,Himantolophus danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,danae,,,,,Regan & Trewavas 1932,"This species was once considered a synonym of Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1837." 140078915,Himantolophus litoceras,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,litoceras,,,,,"Stewart & Pietsch, 2010", 140079035,Himantolophus nigricornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,nigricornis,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988", 140079075,Himantolophus pseudalbinares,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,pseudalbinares,,,,,"Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988","This species was previously considered a junior synonym of Himantolophus albinares Mauli, 1961 (Iglésias 2005)." 140079099,Himantolophus sagamius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,sagamius,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1918)","This species was described by Tanaka (1918) and was later brought in to synonymy with Himantolophus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1837 (Regan 1927, Bertelsen 1951). It is now considered valid according to Bertelsen and Krefft (1988); however, its validity is not recognized by Amaoka et al. (1995) or Nakabo (2002)." 140079317,Himantolophus stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,HIMANTOLOPHIDAE,Himantolophus,stewarti,,,,,"Pietsch & Kenaley, 2011", 140151138,Acentrophryne dolichonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Acentrophryne,dolichonema,,,,,"Pietsch & Shimazaki, 2005", 140156007,Acentrophryne longidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Acentrophryne,longidens,,,,,"Regan, 1926","Pietsch (2009) regards this species as valid." 140162649,Borophryne apogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Borophryne,apogon,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 140189271,Linophryne algibarbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,algibarbata,,,,,"Waterman, 1939", 140189490,Linophryne andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,andersoni,,,,,"Gon, 1992", 140191515,Linophryne argyresca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,argyresca,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 140191559,Linophryne bicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,bicornis,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 140198436,Linophryne bipennata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,bipennata,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1982", 140198461,Linophryne coronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,coronata,,,,,"Parr, 1927", 140198472,Linophryne densiramus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,densiramus,,,,,"Imai, 1941", 140198484,Linophryne escaramosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,escaramosa,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1982", 140198493,Linophryne indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,indica,,,,,"(Brauer, 1902)", 140198504,Linophryne parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,parini,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1980", 140198539,Linophryne quinqueramosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,quinqueramosa,,,,,"Beebe & Crane, 1947", 140198558,Linophryne trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,LINOPHRYNIDAE,Linophryne,trewavasae,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1978", 140200539,Melanocetus eustalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,MELANOCETIDAE,Melanocetus,eustalus,,,,,"Pietsch & Van Duzer, 1980", 140200560,Melanocetus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,MELANOCETIDAE,Melanocetus,niger,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 140200745,Melanocetus polyactis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,MELANOCETIDAE,Melanocetus,polyactis,,,,,"Regan, 1925", 140200969,Melanocetus rossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,MELANOCETIDAE,Melanocetus,rossi,,,,,"Balushkin & Fedorov, 1981", 140202440,Coelophrys brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Coelophrys,brevipes,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 140202550,Coelophrys oblonga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Coelophrys,oblonga,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 44614,Heterodontus ramalheira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HETERODONTIFORMES,HETERODONTIDAE,Heterodontus,ramalheira,,,,,"(Smith, 1949)", 103054942,Pristiophorus nancyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pristiophorus,nancyae,,,,,"Ebert & Caillet, 2011", 161468,Eridacnis radcliffei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PROSCYLLIIDAE,Eridacnis,radcliffei,,,,,"Smith, 1913", 22702746,Pseudocolaptes lawrencii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudocolaptes,lawrencii,,,,,"Ridgway, 1878","

Pseudocolaptes lawrencii and P. johnsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. lawrencii following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103670723,Lepidocolaptes affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Lepidocolaptes,affinis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1839)",

Lepidocolaptes affinis and L. neglectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. affinis following AOU (1998 and supplements).

 

103670271,Xiphorhynchus erythropygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,erythropygius,,,,,"(Sclater, 1859)","

Xiphorhynchus erythropygius and X. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. erythropygius following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103670275,Xiphorhynchus aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,aequatorialis,,,,,"(von Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)","

Xiphorhynchus erythropygius and X. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. erythropygius following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 165509,Cordulegaster boltonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,boltonii,,,,,"(Donovan, 1807)","Four subspecies are described: Cordulegaster boltonii boltonii, which occurs throughout most of the species' distribution, from Iberia to its northern range; C. b. immaculifrons in southern France and Iberia; C. b. iberica in Iberia; and C. b. algirica in southern Spain and northern Morocco." 59706,Cordulegaster helladica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,helladica,,,,,"Lohmann, 1993","Three subspecies have been described: Cordulegaster helladica helladica, C. h. buchholzi and C. h. kastalia." 22729072,Hylopezus dives,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,dives,,,,,"Salvin, 1865", 22703339,Hylopezus perspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,perspicillatus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1861)", 158700,Cordulegaster heros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,heros,,,,,"Theischinger, 1979","The two subspecies described: Cordulegaster heros heros Theischinger, 1979 and Cordulegaster heros pelionensis Theischinger, 1979. These subspecies differ only by the shape or the lack of the black band on the frons, and are not assessed separately for the Red List." 59708,Cordulegaster trinacriae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,trinacriae,,,,,"Waterston, 1976","Many records of this taxon have been published under the closely related Cordulegaster boltonii, but both taxa are structurally well distinct, although colour pattern is almost similar. Ongoing genetic investigations confirms the full species rank for this taxon." 22703249,Grallaria guatimalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,guatimalensis,,,,,"Prévost & Des Murs, 1842", 158702,Cordulia aenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Cordulia,aenea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Easternmost populations in the Russian Far East and Japan are sometimes regarded as a distinct subspecies (Cordulia aenea amurensis), but as no definite range can be ascribed to these populations, which are poorly differentiated, this is not consensually accepted (J.-P. Boudot, pers. comm.)" 165482,Epitheca bimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Epitheca,bimaculata,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1825)","All the Siberian populations previously described as subspecies (Epitheca bimaculata sibirica Selys, 1887, E. b. altaica Belyshev, 1951) are now regarded as synonym of the nominotypical form, so that E. bimaculata extends over an enormous range going from western France to the Far East of Russia and Japan." 22703231,Pittasoma michleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Pittasoma,michleri,,,,,"Cassin, 1860", 165462,Somatochlora alpestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,alpestris,,,,,"(Selys, 1840)", 165490,Somatochlora arctica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,arctica,,,,,"(Zetterstedt, 1840)", 165517,Somatochlora graeseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,graeseri,,,,,"Selys, 1887", 158705,Somatochlora metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,metallica,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1825)","In the past this species was considered to be a subspecies of S. metallica, but is now considered as a good species. Therefore some old records dealing with S. metallica in the Balkans may be indeed S. meridionalis. It seems that S. metallica in the Balkans is onfly present at higher altituded." 59728,Gomphus graslinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,graslinii,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 22701669,Cercomacroides tyrannina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacroides,tyrannina,,,,,"(Sclater, 1855)",

Cercomacroides tyrannina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cercomacra tyrannina.

 

158704,Gomphus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,pulchellus,,,,,"Selys, 1840", 140545003,Nemuroglanis furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Nemuroglanis,furcatus,,,,,"Ribeiro, Pedroza & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 60291,Onychogomphus costae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,costae,,,,,"Selys, 1885","Three autumnal records of Paragomphus costae Selys, 1885 from the central Sahara (Reymond 1952) should be regarded as Paragomphus genei rather than O. costae, as the latter does not fly in October." 140545715,Neofundulus parvipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Neofundulus,parvipinnis,,,,,"Costa, 1988",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140546087,Neoplecostomus langeanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,langeanii,,,,,"Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 185666,Onychogomphus flexuosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,flexuosus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1845)", 39298,Notholebias minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Notholebias,minimus,,,,,"(Myers, 1942)", 140547305,Notholebias vermiculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Notholebias,vermiculatus,,,,,"Costa & Amorim, 2013", 140548235,Odontostilbe parecis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,parecis,,,,,"Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2006","Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Apresenta dimorfismo sexual, os machos possuem ganchos nos raios das nadadeiras pélvicas e anal (Bührnheim e Malabarba 2006)." 22729067,Myrmotherula pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,pacifica,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1911", 140549116,Spectracanthicus punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spectracanthicus,punctatissimus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)","Spectracanthicus punctatissimus (Steindachner 1881), mudou de gênero: Oligancistrus. L030. Apesar de às vezes reconhecida como diferente por alguns aquaristas, a espécie Oligancistrus sp. L030 é a mesma que S. punctatissimus. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini." 167797,Oligosarcus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,longirostris,,,,,"Menezes & Géry, 1983",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140550408,Oligosarcus jacuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,jacuiensis,,,,,"Menezes & Ribeiro, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140550474,Oligosarcus perdido,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Oligosarcus,perdido,,,,,"Ribeiro, Cavallaro & Froehlich, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 6084,Ophthalmolebias constanciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Ophthalmolebias,constanciae,,,,,"Myers, 1942", 165527,Onychogomphus uncatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,uncatus,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)", 140551586,Ophthalmolebias ilheusensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Ophthalmolebias,ilheusensis,,,,,"(Costa & Lima, 2010)", 49830086,Orthosternarchus tamandua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Orthosternarchus,tamandua,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",Boulenger 1898 140552163,Ossubtus xinguense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Ossubtus,xinguense,,,,,"Jégu, 1992", 15364,Ophiogomphus cecilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,cecilia,,,,,"(Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785)","In the east of its range it is replaced by Ophiogomphus obscurus, which is sometimes regarded to be a subspecies of O. cecilia." 140552826,Otocinclus hasemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,hasemani,,,,,"Steindachner, 1915",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 140552944,Otocinclus mangaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,mangaba,,,,,"Lehmann A., Mayer & Reis, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. Não há sinonímia. 140552994,Otocinclus mura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,mura,,,,,"Schaefer, 1997",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 140553092,Otocinclus tapirape,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,tapirape,,,,,"Britto & Moreira, 2002",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 140553591,Otothyropsis alicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otothyropsis,alicula,,,,,"Lippert, Calegari & Reis, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140553635,Otothyropsis biamnicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otothyropsis,biamnicus,,,,,"Calegari, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 158684,Lestes barbarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,barbarus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 158690,Sympecma fusca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Sympecma,fusca,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1820)", 183913,Cheilotrema fasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Cheilotrema,fasciatum,,,,,"Tschudi, 1846","The genus name Sciaena should be restricted to Sciaena umbra, which is a Mediterranean species. Therefore the original genus name Cheilotrema (Tschudi 1846) should be used (N.L. Chao pers. comm.)." 11911,Leucorrhinia albifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,albifrons,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 11912,Leucorrhinia caudalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,caudalis,,,,,"(Charpentier, 1840)", 161617,Dipturus johannisdavisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,johannisdavisi,,,,,"(Alcock, 1899)",Specimens from various parts of the species' patchy range need to be critically examined to understand if these represent the same species. 165468,Leucorrhinia rubicunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,rubicunda,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 158689,Orthetrum albistylum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,albistylum,,,,,"(Selys, 1848)", 158698,Orthetrum brunneum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,brunneum,,,,,"(Fonscolombe, 1837)", 165521,Orthetrum cancellatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,cancellatum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 158682,Orthetrum coerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,coerulescens,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","The species is currently split into two subspecies: Orthetrum coerulescens anceps (located in northern Africa, Sardinia, the southern Balkans and parts of Asia) and O. c. coerulescens. Intermediate forms occur in Iberia, Sicily and large parts of south-eastern Europe (Dijkstra and Lewington 2006).

Mauersberger (1994) suggests that O. coerulescens and O. anceps are not full species but either members of a superspecies or even subspecies which would have to be united under the older name Orthetrum coerulescens (Fabricius). The species overlaps with Orthetrum coerulescens, in Europe and hybrids have been recorded." 165528,Orthetrum nitidinerve,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,nitidinerve,,,,,"(Selys, 1841)", 60292,Sympetrum nigrifemur,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,nigrifemur,,,,,"(Selys, 1884)",It has been discussed whether S. nigrifemur is a subspecies of S. striolatum. But here it is assessed as a valid species. 158691,Sympetrum sanguineum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,sanguineum,,,,,"(Müller, 1764)", 163609,Trithemis festiva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Trithemis,festiva,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 168369,Macromia amphigena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,amphigena,,,,,"Sélys, 1871", 12598,Macromia splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,splendens,,,,,"(Pictet, 1843)", 15777,Oxygastra curtisii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Oxygastra,curtisii,,,,,"(Dale, 1834)", 165503,Platycnemis acutipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,acutipennis,,,,,"Selys, 1841", 158693,Platycnemis dealbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,dealbata,,,,,"Selys in Selys & Hagen, 1850", 158687,Platycnemis latipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,latipes,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 158709,Platycnemis pennipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,pennipes,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)","Parts of the Balkan populations are refered to the subspecies Platycnemis pennipes nitidula (Brullé 1832). It has a very narrow range and seems to hybridize with the nominotypical subspecies so that its precise range is still unclear. Both taxa are assessed together here, although some people regard them as distinct species due to their structural differences." 140616959,Pachypops pigmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachypops,pigmaeus,,,,,"Casatti, 2002", 140617002,Pachyurus calhamazon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,calhamazon,,,,,"Casatti, 2001", 140617016,Pachyurus junki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,junki,,,,,"Soares & Casatti, 2000", 140617313,Pachyurus paucirastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pachyurus,paucirastrus,,,,,"Aguilera, 1983", 140617361,Pamphorichthys araguaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pamphorichthys,araguaiensis,,,,,"Costa, 1991",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140617416,Pamphorichthys minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pamphorichthys,minor,,,,,"(Garman, 1895)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140617601,Pamphorichthys scalpridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pamphorichthys,scalpridens,,,,,"(Garman, 1895)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140617687,Panaque armbrusteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Panaque,armbrusteri,,,,,"Lujan, Hidalgo & Stewart, 2010",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. 140617749,Paraloricaria commersonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Paraloricaria,commersonoides,,,,,"(Devincenzi, 1943)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140618253,Pareiorhaphis lophia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,lophia,,,,,"Pereira & Zanata, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140618287,Pareiorhaphis proskynita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,proskynita,,,,,"Pereira & Britto, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140618316,Pareiorhaphis ruschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhaphis,ruschii,,,,,"Pereira, Lehmann A. & Reis, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140618417,Pareiorhina cepta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhina,cepta,,,,,"Roxo, Silva, Mehanna & Oliveira, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140618438,Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhina,hyptiorhachis,,,,,"Silva, Roxo & Oliveira, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167727,Parotocinclus haroldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,haroldoi,,,,,"Garavello, 1988",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167708,Parotocinclus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,longirostris,,,,,"Garavello, 1988",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. 140644644,Parotocinclus jequi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,jequi,,,,,"Lehmann A., Koech Braun, Pereira & Reis, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140644664,Parotocinclus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,robustus,,,,,"Lehmann A. & Reis, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140644707,Parotocinclus seridoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,seridoensis,,,,,"Ramos, Barros-Neto, Britski & Lima, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829901,Peckoltia vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,vittata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. Nomes Antigos: Chaetostomus vittatus (Steindachner 1881), Peckoltichthys kuhlmanni (Miranda Ribeiro 1920), Peckoltia kuhlmanni (Miranda Ribeiro 1920)." 140645111,Peckoltia compta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,compta,,,,,"de Oliveira, Zuanon, Rapp Py-Daniel & Rocha, 2010", 140645131,Ancistomus feldbergae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistomus,feldbergae,,,,,"(de Oliveira, Rapp Py-Daniel, Zuanon & Rocha, 2012)",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. 140645537,Peckoltia multispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,multispinis,,,,,"(Holly, 1929)",Lasiancistrus multispinis é válido como Peckoltia multispinis (Holly 1929). 140645610,Parotocinclus amazonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,amazonensis,,,,,"Garavello, 1977",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie pertence à subfamília Hypoptopomatinae. Nomes Antigos: Parotocinclus aripuanensis (Garavello 1988). 140645689,Peckoltia oligospila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,oligospila,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140645795,Ancistomus snethlageae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistomus,snethlageae,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1911)", 140645877,Peckoltia vermiculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Peckoltia,vermiculata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1908)","Série-tipo composta de três exemplares. A localidade-tipo é geograficamente mal definida (“porção média do rio Amazonas, no Pará”). Não há sinonímia." 140646070,Phallobrycon adenacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phallobrycon,adenacanthus,,,,,"Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira, 2009","Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Phallobrycon junto com  Bryconadenos dentro dos caracídeos são os únicos que apresentam tecido glandular na parte anterior da nadadeira anal. Em Phallobrycon o tecido glandular está associado a espinhos presentes em alguns raios não ramificados da nadadeira anal (Menezes et al. 2009). A espécie apresenta dimorfismo sexual, os machos adultos possuem uma papila urogenital." 140646546,Phalloceros leticiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phalloceros,leticiae,,,,,"Lucinda, 2008",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140646796,Phenacogaster apletostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,apletostigma,,,,,"Lucena & Gama, 2007",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140646821,Phenacogaster jancupa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,jancupa,,,,,"Malabarba & Lucena, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140646835,Phenacogaster ojitatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,ojitatus,,,,,"Lucena & Malabarba, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140646852,Phenacogaster retropinnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,retropinnus,,,,,"Lucena & Malabarba, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140646956,Phenacorhamdia hoehnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phenacorhamdia,hoehnei,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1914)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 40714,Phreatobius cisternarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phreatobius,cisternarum,,,,,"Goeldi, 1905",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140647143,Phreatobius dracunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phreatobius,dracunculus,,,,,"Shibatta, Muriel-Cunha & de Pinna, 2007","Não houve mudanças nos últimos cinco anos. Há dúvidas quanto à distinção de Phreatobius dracunculus e Phreatobius sanguijuela, ambas descritas para a bacia do rio Madeira." 140647173,Physopyxis cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Physopyxis,cristata,,,,,"Sousa & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2005","Sinonímias desconhecidas. Sousa (2010), em Tese não publicada, propõe uma nova combinação para a espécie: Amblydoras cristatus." 17283,Pimelodella kronei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,kronei,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)","A localidade-tipo da espécie é a caverna Areias de Cima, parte do sistema Areias, na margem esquerda do rio Betari, de onde provém a maior amostra estudada. As amostras provenientes das demais cavernas dessa margem, as quais, inclusive, localizam-se em aquíferos distintos, são relativamente pequenas, insuficientes para estudos morfológicos conclusivos no que diz respeito à identidade da espécie que, em princípio, encontra-se fragmentada. Além disso, essas populações estariam isoladas daquelas da margem esquerda do rio Betari, pois este corre sobre um dique de diabásio, insolúvel, que impede a conexão subterrânea entre esses dois conjuntos de cavernas. Diferenças morfológicas foram observadas, mas, novamente, o pequeno tamanho das amostras disponíveis, condicionado pelas dificuldades de acesso e pela aparente extinção de uma das populações da margem direita devido à poluição por mineração, ainda não permite conclusões robustas sobre o status taxonômico dessas populações. No entanto, a presença do dique de diabásio intersectando a área atribuída à espécie nominal é forte evidência de que existam pelo menos duas espécies crípticas; o nome Pimelodella kronei fica para a população das Areias, resultado de colonização e isolamento independentes, seguido de evolução paralela, fenômeno constatado para outras espécies troglóbias, tais como os lambaris cegos mexicanos do gênero Astyanax (E. Trajano e M.E. Bichuette obs. pess.)." 49829995,Pimelodella mucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,mucosa,,,,,"Eigenmann & Ward, 1907",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167738,Pimelodella pappenheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,pappenheimi,,,,,"Ahl, 1925",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140648783,Pimelodella megalura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,megalura,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1918",Pimelodella megalura provavelmente é um sinônimo de P. gracilis (Britski et al. 2007). 140648836,Pimelodella notomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,notomelas,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140648863,Pimelodella parnahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,parnahybae,,,,,"Fowler, 1941",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140648888,Pimelodella spelaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,spelaea,,,,,"Trajano, Reis & Bichuette, 2004", 49830131,Pimelodella steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,steindachneri,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917","Pimelodella é um gênero que necessita de revisão taxonômica. Em comparação às espécies Pimelodella cristata, P. steindachneri é menor, com maior número de vértebras e é encontrada na região mais ocidental da Amazônia brasileira, próximo ao rio Madeira (V. Slobodian com. pess. 2013)." 140648996,Pimelodella taeniophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,taeniophora,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140649071,Pimelodella taenioptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,taenioptera,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1914",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830416,Pimelodus tetramerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,tetramerus,,,,,"Ribeiro & Lucena, 2006", 140649508,Pimelodus halisodous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,halisodous,,,,,"Ribeiro, Lucena & Lucinda, 2008", 140649574,Pimelodus luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,luciae,,,,,"Rocha & Ribeiro, 2010",Não há sinonímia. 140649619,Pimelodus multicratifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,multicratifer,,,,,"Ribeiro, Lucena & Oyakawa, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140649655,Pimelodus pantaneiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,pantaneiro,,,,,"Souza-Filho & Shibatta, 2007","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Pimelodus pantaneiro é mencionada no Livro Peixes do Pantanal como Pimelodus maculatus, porém isso não altera o status de P. maculatus, que continua como Menos Preocupante (LC) (M. S. Rocha com. pess. 2014)." 140650783,Pituna compacta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Pituna,compacta,,,,,"(Myers, 1927)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140650804,Pituna obliquoseriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Pituna,obliquoseriata,,,,,"Costa, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140650823,Pituna poranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Pituna,poranga,,,,,"Costa, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140650853,Pituna xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Pituna,xinguensis,,,,,"Costa & Nielsen, 2007", 140650895,Plagioscion surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,surinamensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1873)","Casatti (2005) included Plagioscion surinamensis (Bleeker, 1873) as a junior synonym of P. squamosissimus (Heckel,1840), based on examination of the holotype.  However, other Amazonian specimens that had previously identified as Plagioscion surinamensis were incorrectly identified as Plagioscion magdalenae, which is endemic to the Magdalena River basin, Colombia (Casatti 2005, N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2019)." 140651036,Platyurosternarchus crypticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Platyurosternarchus,crypticus,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2009",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651133,Plesiolebias aruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,aruana,,,,,"(Lazara, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651184,Plesiolebias canabravensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,canabravensis,,,,,"Costa & Nielsen, 2007", 140651318,Plesiolebias filamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,filamentosus,,,,,"Costa & Brasil, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651335,Plesiolebias glaucopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,glaucopterus,,,,,"(Costa & Lacerda, 1989)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651379,Plesiolebias lacerdai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,lacerdai,,,,,"Costa, 1989",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651407,Plesiolebias xavantei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,xavantei,,,,,"(Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki, 1988)", 140651489,Plesioptopoma curvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Plesioptopoma,curvidens,,,,,"Reis, Pereira & Lehmann A., 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651590,Poecilia sarrafae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,sarrafae,,,,,"Bragança & Costa, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651614,Poecilia waiapi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,waiapi,,,,,"Bragança, Costa & Gama, 2012",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140652119,Priocharax nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Priocharax,nanus,,,,,"Toledo-Piza, Mattox & Britz, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140652167,Probolodus oyakawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Probolodus,oyakawai,,,,,"Santos & Castro, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140652252,Procerusternarchus pixuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Procerusternarchus,pixuna,,,,,"Cox Fernandes, Nogueira & Alves-Gomes, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140707664,Prochilodus lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Prochilodus,lacustris,,,,,"Steindachner, 1907",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140707691,Propimelodus araguayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Propimelodus,araguayae,,,,,"Rocha, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2007",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140707722,Psectrogaster falcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Psectrogaster,falcata,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140707779,Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Pseudepapterus,cucuhyensis,,,,,"Böhlke, 1951",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não há problemas taxonômicos. 140707795,Pseudohemiodon platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudohemiodon,platycephalus,,,,,"(Kner, 1853)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140707816,Pseudoloricaria laeviuscula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudoloricaria,laeviuscula,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",Pseudoloricaria laeviscula está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. Há a possibilidade de confundir taxonomicamente com Limatulichthys griseus. 140708255,Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pterygoplichthys,joselimaianus,,,,,"(Weber, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini. 140708271,Pterygoplichthys parnaibae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pterygoplichthys,parnaibae,,,,,"(Weber, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708290,Pterygoplichthys xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pterygoplichthys,xinguensis,,,,,"(Weber, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Hipostomini. 140708312,Pygidianops amphioxus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Pygidianops,amphioxus,,,,,"de Pinna & Kirovsky, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708332,Pygidianops eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Pygidianops,eigenmanni,,,,,"Myers, 1944",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708366,Pyrrhulina elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,elongata,,,,,"Zarske & Géry, 2001",Não existem propostas sinonímicas. Espécie descrita com base em apenas quatro exemplares. 140708422,Pyrrhulina marilynae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,marilynae,,,,,"Netto-Ferreira & Marinho, 2013",Não existem propostas sinonímicas. Espécie descrita com base em apenas quatro exemplares. 140708449,Pyxiloricaria menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pyxiloricaria,menezesi,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1984",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708571,Reganella depressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Reganella,depressa,,,,,"(Kner, 1853)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 140708611,Retroculus lapidifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Retroculus,lapidifer,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708637,Retroculus xinguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Retroculus,xinguensis,,,,,"Gosse, 1971",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708685,Rhabdolichops navalha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Rhabdolichops,navalha,,,,,"Correa, Crampton & Albert, 2006",Rhabdolichops navalha e Rhabdolichops stewarti são espécies irmãs dentro de um grupo monofilético constituído também por Rhabdolichops eastwardi e Rhabdolichops caviceps + Rhabdolichops troscheli (Correa et al. 2006). 140708795,Rhamdia branneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,branneri,,,,,"Haseman, 1911","Rhamdia branneri foi considerada como sinônima de Rhamdia quelen por Silfvergrip (1996), porém o autor não examinou material da bacia do rio Iguaçu. Considerando o endemismo da ictiofauna desta bacia e os estudos genéticos de Abucarma e Martins-Santos (2001), que apontaram diferenças cariotípicas entre as espécies desta bacia, Baumgartner et al. (2012) considerou R. branneri como válida." 140708813,Rhamdia itacaiunas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,itacaiunas,,,,,"Silfvergrip, 1996","Além de ausência de autapomorfia, a descrição e a foto apresentada no trabalho de descrição são insatisfatórias para o reconhecimento da espécie, o que pode gerar dificuldade de identificação. Não há sinonímia." 140708825,Rhamdia voulezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,voulezi,,,,,"Haseman, 1911","Rhamdia voulezi foi considerada como sinônima de Rhamdia quelen por Silfvergrip (1996), mas o autor não examinou material da bacia do rio Iguaçu. Considerando o endemismo da ictiofauna desta bacia e os estudos genéticos de Abucarma e Martins-Santos (2001), que apontaram diferenças cariotípicas entre as espécies desta bacia, Baumgartner et al. (2012) considerou R. voulezi como válida." 140708855,Rhamdiopsis krugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdiopsis,krugi,,,,,"Bockmann & Castro, 2010", 140708884,Rhinolekos britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rhinolekos,britskii,,,,,"Martins, Langeani & Costa, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708896,Rhinolekos garavelloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rhinolekos,garavelloi,,,,,"Martins & Langeani, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140708929,Rhinopetitia myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Rhinopetitia,myersi,,,,,"Géry, 1964",Não há sinonímias. Os exemplares atribuídos a Rhinopetitia myersi possuem características que não conferem com o holótipo ou com a descrição original. São necessários estudos taxonômicos para esclarecer a identidade da espécie. 22686226,Amazona xantholora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,xantholora,,,,,"(Gray, 1859)", 22686097,Pyrilia haematotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrilia,haematotis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)", 22685980,Brotogeris jugularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,jugularis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22685678,Psittacara finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,finschi,,,,,"(Salvin, 1871)",Psittacara finschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga. 22685885,Pyrrhura hoffmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,hoffmanni,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1861)", 49830045,Rineloricaria hasemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,hasemani,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979",Existe dificuldade de identificar a espécie e dúvidas quanto à identificação dos exemplares depositados em coleções. 49830249,Rineloricaria konopickyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,konopickyi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","Rineloricaria konopickyi foi descrita da porção média do rio Amazonas, sem mais detalhes sobre a localidade de coleta. A espécie é pouco representada (ou identificada erroneamente) em coleções de peixes (Rapp Py-Daniel e Fichberg, 2008). Nomes Antigos: Loricaria konopickyi (Steindachner 1879)." 140728315,Rineloricaria cacerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,cacerensis,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1912)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Nomes Antigos: Hemiloricaria cacerensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1912), Loricaria cacerensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1912)." 140728366,Rineloricaria capitonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,capitonia,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140728400,Rineloricaria daraha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,daraha,,,,,"Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 140728430,Rineloricaria melini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,melini,,,,,"(Schindler, 1959)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 140728469,Rineloricaria microlepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,microlepidota,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1907)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 140728520,Rineloricaria osvaldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,osvaldoi,,,,,"Fichberg & Chamon, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 140728545,Rineloricaria phoxocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,phoxocephala,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 140728645,Rineloricaria reisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,reisi,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140728675,Rineloricaria setepovos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,setepovos,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140728709,Rineloricaria stellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,stellata,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140728730,Rineloricaria teffeana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,teffeana,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)",Espécie de difícil identificação e reconhecimento. 140728783,Rineloricaria zaina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,zaina,,,,,"Ghazzi, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140728878,Roeboides margareteae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,margareteae,,,,,"Lucena, 2003",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140728966,Roeboides oligistos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,oligistos,,,,,"Lucena, 2000",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140729005,Roeboides sazimai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,sazimai,,,,,"Lucena, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140729031,Roestes itupiranga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Roestes,itupiranga,,,,,"Menezes & Lucena, 1998", 68451285,Phaneroptera nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Phaneroptera,nana,,,,,"Fieber, 1853", 161653,Dipturus springeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,springeri,,,,,"(Wallace, 1967)", 60136,Torpedo sinuspersici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Torpedo,sinuspersici,,,,,"Olfers, 1831","This species was described with no type specimen and locality, but it has been presumed to be from the Arabian Gulf (Wallace 1967, Compagno 1986, Carvalho et al. 2002). It is considered to be one of the most widely distributed electric rays of the Western Indian Ocean (Carvalho et al. 2002, Last et al. 2016). However, the status of this species is uncertain as it is possibly a species-complex (Last et al. 2016). It is highly variable and confused with the Panther Torpedo (Torpedo panthera) (Last et al. 2016). The present account is therefore provisional, and in the event that species within the complex are better delineated, reassessment will be required (this may result in the status of electric rays being revised upwards, on the basis of small populations with localized distributions)." 140348014,Bertella idiomorpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Bertella,idiomorpha,,,,,"Pietsch, 1973", 140348039,Chaenophryne melanorhabdus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Chaenophryne,melanorhabdus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 140348061,Chaenophryne quasiramifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Chaenophryne,quasiramifera,,,,,"Pietsch, 2007", 140348122,Chirophryne xenolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Chirophryne,xenolophus,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 140348234,Danaphryne nigrifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Danaphryne,nigrifilis,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)", 140348310,Dermatias platynogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dermatias,platynogaster,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 140348402,Dolopichthys karsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Dolopichthys,karsteni,,,,,"Leipertz & Pietsch, 1987", 140348411,Microlophichthys andracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Microlophichthys,andracanthus,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1951", 140348433,Oneirodes alius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,alius,,,,,"Seigel & Pietsch, 1978", 140348444,Oneirodes amaokai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,amaokai,,,,,"Ho & Kawai, 2016", 140348478,Oneirodes basili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,basili,,,,,"Pietsch, 1974", 140348493,Oneirodes bulbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,bulbosus,,,,,"Chapman, 1939", 140348502,Oneirodes cordifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,cordifer,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2014", 140348512,Oneirodes cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,cristatus,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)", 140348515,Oneirodes dicromischus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,dicromischus,,,,,"Pietsch, 1974", 140348556,Oneirodes flagellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,flagellifer,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)","This species was originally described as Dolopichthys flagellifer Regan & Trewavas, 1932." 140348577,Oneirodes haplonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,haplonema,,,,,"Stewart & Pietsch, 1998", 140348660,Oneirodes heteronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,heteronema,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)", 140348751,Oneirodes kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,kreffti,,,,,"Pietsch, 1974", 140348760,Oneirodes melanocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,melanocauda,,,,,"Bertelsen, 1951","This species is only known from larval specimens, and it is possible it represents the larvae of an undescribed ceratioid genus (Pietsch 2009)." 140348802,Oneirodes micronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,micronema,,,,,"Grobecker, 1978", 140348882,Oneirodes mirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,mirus,,,,,"(Regan & Trewavas, 1932)","This species was originally described as Dolopichthys mirus Regan & Trewavas, 1932." 140348915,Oneirodes notius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,notius,,,,,"Pietsch, 1974", 140349107,Oneirodes parapietschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,parapietschi,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2014", 140349213,Oneirodes pietschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,pietschi,,,,,"Ho & Shao, 2004", 140349330,Oneirodes plagionema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,plagionema,,,,,"Pietsch & Seigel, 1980", 140349354,Oneirodes pterurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,pterurus,,,,,"Pietsch & Seigel, 1980", 140349395,Oneirodes quadrinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,quadrinema,,,,,"Ho, Kawai & Amaoka, 2016", 140349409,Oneirodes rosenblatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,rosenblatti,,,,,"Pietsch, 1974", 140349438,Oneirodes sabex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,sabex,,,,,"Pietsch & Seigel, 1980", 140349483,Oneirodes sanjeevani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,sanjeevani,,,,,"Rajeeshkumar, 2017", 140349486,Oneirodes schistonema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,schistonema,,,,,"Pietsch & Seigel, 1980", 140349491,Oneirodes sipharum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,sipharum,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2014", 140349619,Oneirodes thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Oneirodes,thompsoni,,,,,"(Schultz, 1934)", 140349791,Spiniphryne duhameli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Spiniphryne,duhameli,,,,,"Pietsch & Baldwin, 2006", 140349833,Tyrannophryne pugnax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,ONEIRODIDAE,Tyrannophryne,pugnax,,,,,"Regan & Trewavas, 1932", 140349925,Lasiognathus dinema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Lasiognathus,dinema,,,,,"Pietsch & Sutton, 2015", 140349938,Lasiognathus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Lasiognathus,intermedius,,,,,"Bertelsen & Pietsch, 1996", 140349944,Lasiognathus waltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Lasiognathus,waltoni,,,,,"Nolan & Rosenblatt, 1975", 140349977,Thaumatichthys axeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Thaumatichthys,axeli,,,,,"(Bruun, 1953)","Thaumatichthys is a very poorly understood genus, and identifications of specimens are subject to change, pending the discovery of additional material (T. Pietsch pers. comm. 2019)." 140349995,Thaumatichthys binghami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Thaumatichthys,binghami,,,,,"Parr, 1927","Thaumatichthys is a very poorly understood genus, and identifications of specimens are subject to change, pending the discovery of additional material (T. Pietsch pers. comm. 2019)." 140350052,Thaumatichthys pagidostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,THAUMATICHTHYIDAE,Thaumatichthys,pagidostomus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912","Thaumatichthys is a very poorly understood genus, and identifications of specimens are subject to change, pending the discovery of additional material (T. Pietsch pers. comm. 2019)." 140330910,Halieutaea brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,brevicauda,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910","This species is probably a junior synonym of Halieutaea fumosa (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 140331012,Halieutaea coccinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,coccinea,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 140331093,Halieutaea fumosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,fumosa,,,,,"Alcock, 1894", 140331165,Halieutaea indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,indica,,,,,"Annandale & Jenkins, 1910","This species was once considered a synonym of Halieutaea coccinea (Lindberg et al. 1997), however, the two species belong to different species groups and are not conspecific (H. Ho pers. comm 2019)." 140331238,Halieutaea nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,nigra,,,,,"Alcock, 1891", 140331274,Halieutaea retifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,retifera,,,,,Gilbert 1905, 140331376,Halieutaea stellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutaea,stellata,,,,,"(Vahl, 1797)", 140337605,Halieutopsis andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,andriashevi,,,,,"Bradbury, 1988", 140337799,Halieutopsis bathyoreos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,bathyoreos,,,,,"Bradbury, 1988","This species is easily confused with Halieutopsis nudiventer (Ho et al. 2013, Roberts et al. 2015)." 140340097,Halieutopsis galatea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,galatea,,,,,"Bradbury, 1988",This species is easily confused with Halieutopsis stellifera (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140340236,Halieutopsis ingerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,ingerorum,,,,,"Bradbury, 1988", 140340595,Halieutopsis margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,margaretae,,,,,"Ho & Shao, 2007", 140340775,Halieutopsis simula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,simula,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)", 140342538,Halieutopsis stellifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,stellifera,,,,,"(Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)", 140343931,Halieutopsis vermicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Halieutopsis,vermicularis,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912",The name of this species will change to Halieutopsis nasuta in a future publication (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140346293,Malthopsis annulifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,annulifera,,,,,"Tanaka, 1908",Detailed information of the holotype and additional specimens were provided by Ho and Shao (2010). This species belongs to the Malthopsis annulifera species complex. 140346319,Malthopsis asperata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,asperata,,,,,"Ho, Roberts & Shao, 2013",This recently described species is not likely confused with other species. It belongs to the Malthopsis tiarella species complex (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140346338,Malthopsis austrafricana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,austrafricana,,,,,"Ho, 2013",This recently described species is not likely confused with other species. It belongs to the Malthopsis tiarella species complex (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140346348,Malthopsis bradburyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,bradburyae,,,,,"Ho, 2013",This species was recently described with a clear diagnosis and is not likely to be confused with other species. It belongs to the Malthopsis annulifera species complex (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140346387,Malthopsis gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,gigas,,,,,"Ho & Shao, 2010","This species was previously misidentified as Malthopsis jordani, a species that is now considered endemic to Hawaii (Ho and Shao 2010). It belongs to the Malthopsis annulifera species complex." 140346416,Malthopsis jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,jordani,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905","This species is now considered endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, and all records previously identified from elsewhere are now attributed to the newer species, Malthopsis gigas (Ho and Shao 2010). It belongs to the Malthopsis annulifera species complex." 140346439,Malthopsis kobayashii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,kobayashii,,,,,"Tanaka, 1916","This species was long considered a junior synonym of Malthopsis lutea, but according to Ho and Shao (2010), it is a valid separate species. It belongs to the Malthopsis tiarella species complex." 140346488,Malthopsis lutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,lutea,,,,,"Alcock, 1891","The taxonomy of the Malthopsis genus has been long debated, and is in need of further revision (Bradbury 2003). Malthopsis mitrigera, M. annulifera, M. tiarella and M. kobayashii have been considered junior synonyms of M. lutea by some authors in the past, but all are currently considered valid species (Ho and Shao 2010). It belongs to the Malthopsis annulifera species complex." 140346508,Malthopsis mitrigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,mitrigera,,,,,"Gilbert & Cramer, 1897","The taxonomy of the Malthopsis genus has been long debated, and is in need of further revision (Bradbury 2003). This species is quite distinct and is unlikely to be confused with other taxa (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019)." 140346854,Malthopsis parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,parva,,,,,"Ho, Roberts & Shao, 2013",This is a recently described species with a clear diagnosis and is not likely to be confused with other species. It belongs to the Malthopsis annulifera species complex (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140346909,Malthopsis retifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,retifera,,,,,"Ho, Prokofiev & Shao, 2009",This is a recently described species with a clear diagnosis that is unlikely to be confused with other species. It belongs to the Malthopsis annulifera species complex (H. Ho pers. comm. 2019). 140346948,Malthopsis tiarella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Malthopsis,tiarella,,,,,"Jordan, 1902","The taxonomy of Malthopsis tiarella has been long debated. Ho and Koeda (2019) recently redescribed the species and provided further diagnosis of the species." 140346987,Solocisquama erythrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Solocisquama,erythrina,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 140347020,Solocisquama stellulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Solocisquama,stellulata,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 140349877,Dibrachichthys melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,TETRABRACHIIDAE,Dibrachichthys,melanurus,,,,,"Pietsch, Johnson & Arnold, 2009","This species was previously misidentified as its sister species, Tetrabrachium ocellatum (Pietsch et al. 2009)." 140349900,Tetrabrachium ocellatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,TETRABRACHIIDAE,Tetrabrachium,ocellatum,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 122553342,Parnassius tianschanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parnassius,tianschanicus,,,,,"Oberthür, 1879", 22696457,Falco rufigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,rufigularis,,,,,"Daudin, 1800", 22696291,Micrastur semitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Micrastur,semitorquatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22696270,Micrastur ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Micrastur,ruficollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22696267,Herpetotheres cachinnans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Herpetotheres,cachinnans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 112166182,Rhabdomys bechuanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhabdomys,bechuanae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1893)","South AfricaInitially the single, monotypic species R. pumilio was recognised (Sparrman 1784). Several subspecies have been proposed based on extensive variation in pelage colour and morphology across the distribution. Within southern Africa, Roberts (1951) proposed 20 subspecies of which Meester et al. (1986) regarded only seven as being valid. Rambau et al. (2003) recommended the recognition of two species based on cytogenetic and mitochondrial sequence data, the xeric R. pumilio and mesic R. dilectus, which was adopted by Musser and Carleton (2005). The authors further suggested the presence of two subspecies, R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae within the latter taxon. This was confirmed in a recent molecular and chromosomal analysis of R. dilectus, which revealed high genetic divergence within the species, and the presence of three distinct clades (Castiglia et al. 2012). The basal clade, recognised as R. d. chakae is endemic to South Africa, while the two distinct sister clades (R. d. dilectus) are distributed allopatrically across northern parts of its range, into East Africa, including a new divergent karyotype found in the high altitudes of Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Castiglia et al. 2012). Reproductive isolation due to pre- and post-mating barriers have been found among R. pumilio and R. dilectus, as well as among the proposed subspecies within the latter taxon (Pillay 2000, Pillay et al. 2006). Subsequently, du Toit et al. (2012) indicated three genetic lineages with distinct distributions related to biome boundaries within the xeric R. pumilio. Based on deep mitochondrial genetic divergence, paraphyly of R. pumilio with respect to R. dilectus and different ecological preferences of the three genetic lineages within R. pumilio, the recognition of four species (R. dilectus, R. pumilio, R. bechuanae, and R. intermedius) was suggested (du Toit et al. 2012). However, Monadjem et al. (2015) recognise R. chakae as a valid species due to at least one case of known sympatry between R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae. Further molecular research (particularly including more nuclear data) and cranial morphometric analyses would be useful to fully resolve the taxonomy of the genus. Until such time, it is recommended that Rhabdomys be treated as a species complex." 112168645,Rhabdomys dilectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rhabdomys,dilectus,,,,,"(De Winton, 1897)","South AfricaInitially the single, monotypic species R. pumilio was recognised (Sparrman 1784). Several subspecies have been proposed based on extensive variation in pelage colour and morphology across the distribution. Within southern Africa, Roberts (1951) proposed 20 subspecies of which Meester et al. (1986) regarded only seven as being valid. Rambau et al. (2003) recommended the recognition of two species based on cytogenetic and mitochondrial sequence data, the xeric R. pumilio and mesic R. dilectus, which was adopted by Musser and Carleton (2005). The authors further suggested the presence of two subspecies, R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae within the latter taxon. This was confirmed in a recent molecular and chromosomal analysis of R. dilectus, which revealed high genetic divergence within the species, and the presence of three distinct clades (Castiglia et al. 2012). The basal clade, recognised as R. d. chakae is endemic to South Africa, while the two distinct sister clades (R. d. dilectus) are distributed allopatrically across northern parts of its range, into East Africa, including a new divergent karyotype found in the high altitudes of Mt. Meru and Mt. Kilimanjaro (Castiglia et al. 2012). Reproductive isolation due to pre- and post-mating barriers have been found among R. pumilio and R. dilectus, as well as among the proposed subspecies within the latter taxon (Pillay 2000, Pillay et al.2006). Subsequently, du Toit et al. (2012) indicated three genetic lineages with distinct distributions related to biome boundaries within the xeric R. pumilio. Based on deep mitochondrial genetic divergence, paraphyly of R. pumilio with respect to R. dilectus and different ecological preferences of the three genetic lineages within R. pumilio, the recognition of four species (R. dilectus, R. pumilio, R. bechuanae, and R. intermedius) was suggested (du Toit et al. 2012). However, Monadjem et al.(2015) recognise R. chakae as a valid species due to at least one case of known sympatry between R. d. dilectus and R. d. chakae. Further molecular research (particularly including more nuclear data) and cranial morphometric analyses would be useful to fully resolve the taxonomy of the genus. Until such time, it is recommended that Rhabdomys be treated as a species complex." 22681402,Campephilus guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)", 22681327,Celeus castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,castaneus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22681317,Celeus loricatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,loricatus,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1854)", 110903105,Bythaelurus tenuicephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,tenuicephalus,,,,,"Kaschner, Weigmann & Thiel, 2015", 22681250,Colaptes auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,auricularis,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1889)", 61533973,Colaptes rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1820)","Colaptes rubiginosus and C. aeruginosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. rubiginosus following SACC (2007), which prior to that was placed in the genus Piculus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22681231,Piculus callopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Piculus,callopterus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 22681228,Piculus simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Piculus,simplex,,,,,"(Salvin, 1870)", 22681161,Leuconotopicus stricklandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leuconotopicus,stricklandi,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1845)","Leuconotopicus stricklandi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. Picoides stricklandi (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into P. stricklandi and P. arizonae following AOU (2000).

" 22729044,Leuconotopicus arizonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leuconotopicus,arizonae,,,,,"(Hargitt, 1886)","Leuconotopicus arizonae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. Picoides stricklandi (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into P. stricklandi and P. arizonae following AOU (2000).

" 141045068,Sartor elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Sartor,elongatus,,,,,"Santos & Jégu, 1987",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 141045346,Satanoperca acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Satanoperca,acuticeps,,,,,"(Heckel, 1840)",Exemplares identificados como Satanoperca acuticeps fora do Brasil são na realidade Satanoperca jurupari (bacia Amazônica) e Satanoperca daemon (bacia do rio Orinoco). 141045369,Satanoperca lilith,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Satanoperca,lilith,,,,,"Kullander & Ferreira, 1988",É uma espécie de difícil identificação. 49830494,Schizodon dissimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,dissimilis,,,,,"(Garman, 1890)",É possível que Schizodon dissimilis se trate de um sinônimo júnior de S. rostratus (F.C.T. Lima com. pess. 2013). 167759,Schizodon rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,rostratus,,,,,"(Borodin, 1931)",Schizodon rostratus é provavelmente um sinônimo de Schizodon dissimilis.
 22681166,Leuconotopicus villosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leuconotopicus,villosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Leuconotopicus villosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. 22681193,Leuconotopicus fumigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leuconotopicus,fumigatus,,,,,"(d'Orbigny, 1840)",Leuconotopicus fumigatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. Previously it was transferred from the genus Venilornis to the genus Picoides in accordance with SACC (2007).

169107,Anisopleura vallei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,vallei,,,,,"St Quentin, 1937", 141062025,Scobinancistrus aureatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Scobinancistrus,aureatus,,,,,"Burgess, 1994", 141062049,Scobinancistrus pariolispos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Scobinancistrus,pariolispos,,,,,"Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989", 141062155,Scoloplax baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCOLOPLACIDAE,Scoloplax,baileyi,,,,,"Rocha, Lazzarotto & Py-Daniel, 2012",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062173,Scoloplax baskini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCOLOPLACIDAE,Scoloplax,baskini,,,,,"Rocha, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008",Sinonímia desconhecida. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062191,Scoloplax dolicholophia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCOLOPLACIDAE,Scoloplax,dolicholophia,,,,,"Schaefer, Weitzman & Britski, 1989",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062416,Serrapinnus aster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,aster,,,,,"Malabarba & Jerep, 2014",Não há sinonímias. Quatro espécies do gênero recentemente descritas são muito semelhantes entre si e podem ocorrer em simpatria (Malabarba e Jerep 2014). 141062449,Serrapinnus lucindai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,lucindai,,,,,"Jerep & Malabarba, 2014",Não há sinonímias. Quatro espécies do gênero recentemente descritas são muito semelhantes entre si e podem ocorrer em simpatria (Malabarba e Jerep 2014) 141062478,Serrapinnus potiguar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,potiguar,,,,,"Jerep & Malabarba, 2014",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062516,Serrapinnus sterbai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,sterbai,,,,,"Zarske, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062546,Serrapinnus tocantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,tocantinensis,,,,,"Malabarba & Jerep, 2014",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062689,Serrasalmus geryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,geryi,,,,,"Jégu & Santos, 1988",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062799,Serrasalmus gibbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,gibbus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1855",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141062818,Serrasalmus hastatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,hastatus,,,,,"Fink & Machado-Allison, 2001",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141063491,Simpsonichthys cholopteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Simpsonichthys,cholopteryx,,,,,"Costa, Moreira & Lima, 2003", 141063522,Simpsonichthys margaritatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Simpsonichthys,margaritatus,,,,,"Costa, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141063650,Sorubim trigonocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Sorubim,trigonocephalus,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1920",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141063803,Spatuloricaria tuira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,tuira,,,,,"Fichberg, Oyakawa & de Pinna, 2014",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141063841,Spectracanthicus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spectracanthicus,murinus,,,,,"Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1987",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. A espécie está incluída na Tribo Ancistrini. 141063933,Spectrolebias costai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,costai,,,,,"(Lazara, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141063995,Spectrolebias inaequipinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,inaequipinnatus,,,,,"(Costa & Brasil, 2008)","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Spectrolebias inaequipinnatus é considerada estreitamente aparentada a Simpsonichthys semiocellatus da bacia do rio Araguaia, pois ambas compartilham duas características derivadas: nadadeira dorsal subtriangular em machos, terminando como um único filamento longo, e escamação frontal em padrão-F (Costa e Brasil 2008)." 141064022,Spectrolebias reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,reticulatus,,,,,"(Costa & Nielsen, 2003)", 141064066,Spectrolebias semiocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,semiocellatus,,,,,"Costa & Nielsen, 1997",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141103427,Stauroglanis gouldingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Stauroglanis,gouldingi,,,,,"de Pinna, 1989",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141103532,Stegophilus panzeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Stegophilus,panzeri,,,,,"(Ahl, 1931)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167704,Steindachnerina amazonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,amazonica,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1911)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104435,Steindachnerina fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,fasciata,,,,,"(Vari & Géry, 1985)",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104459,Steindachnerina gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,gracilis,,,,,"Vari & Williams Vari, 1989",Sinonímia desconhecida para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104501,Steindachnerina notograptos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,notograptos,,,,,"Lucinda & Vari, 2009",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104519,Steindachnerina seriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,seriata,,,,,"Netto-Ferreira & Vari, 2011",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104586,Stenolebias bellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Stenolebias,bellus,,,,,"Costa, 1995",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104598,Stenolebias damascenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Stenolebias,damascenoi,,,,,"(Costa, 1991)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104633,Stenolicmus ix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Stenolicmus,ix,,,,,"Wosiacki, Coutinho & de Assis Montag, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830319,Sternarchella sima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchella,sima,,,,,"Starks, 1913",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141104703,Sternarchogiton zuanoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchogiton,zuanoni,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 49829890,Sternarchorhynchus curumim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,curumim,,,,,"de Santana & Crampton, 2007",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141105024,Sternarchorhynchus caboclo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,caboclo,,,,,"de Santana & Nogueira, 2006","Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon: Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus Ferreira, dos Santos e Jégu, 1988." 141105079,Sternarchorhynchus chaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,chaoi,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 141105102,Sternarchorhynchus higuchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,higuchii,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 141105583,Sternarchorhynchus inpai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,inpai,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010","Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon: Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus Ferreira, 1995." 141105595,Sternarchorhynchus jaimei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,jaimei,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 141105615,Sternarchorhynchus kokraimoro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,kokraimoro,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 141105629,Sternarchorhynchus mareikeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,mareikeae,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010","Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon: Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus Ferreira, 1995." 141105656,Sternarchorhynchus mesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,mesensis,,,,,"Campos-da-Paz, 2000",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141105670,Sternarchorhynchus schwassmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,schwassmanni,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímia. 141105690,Sternarchorhynchus severii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,severii,,,,,"de Santana & Nogueira, 2006",Outros nomes aplicados ao táxon: Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus Ferreira et al. 1998. 141105703,Sternarchorhynchus starksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,starksi,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010","Nomes Antigos: Sternarchorhynchus mormyrus Eigenmann & Bean 1907. Examinando os espécimes (CAS SU 22193; USNM 52.542) que serviram, pelo menos em parte, como base para a citação de Sternarchorhynchus mormyrus do baixo rio Amazonas, entre Belém (PA) e Manaus (AM) (Eigenmann e Bean 1907), e de Sternarchorhynchus curvirostris da região de Belém (Starks 1913) observou-se que eles são exemplares de S. starksi (de Santana e Vari 2010)." 141105726,Sternarchorhynchus villasboasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,villasboasi,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010", 49829525,Stichonodon insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Stichonodon,insignis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830595,Sturisoma brevirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisoma,brevirostre,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)",Há uma revisão taxonômica do gênero não publicada (Ghazzi 2003). A espécie está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 49829655,Sturisoma rostratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisoma,rostratum,,,,,"(Spix & Agassiz, 1829)",(Ghazzi 2003) revisou o gênero Sturisoma e definiu S. rostratum através de uma designação de um neótipo (o holótipo da espécie foi destruído). Este conceito da espécie é amplamente usado na comunidade científica. Sturisoma rostratum está incluída na subfamília Loricariinae. 20970,Stygichthys typhlops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Stygichthys,typhlops,,,,,"Brittan & Böhlke, 1965","Stygichthys typhlops é uma espécie altamente especializada para a vida no meio freático. É o único Characiforme troglóbio da América do Sul. Gênero monotípico, descrito de um único exemplar coletado na década de 1960, foi então atribuído ao complexo Hyphessobrycon-Hasemania de Tetragonopteridae (Characidae). Com base em amostra de 26 exemplares coletados 40 anos depois, Moreira et al. (2010) redescreveram a espécie, porém a questão da posição taxonômica ainda não estava resolvida. Oliveira et al. (2011), entretanto, encontraram evidências morfológicas e filogenéticas para manter a espécie em Characidae, sendo que S. typhlops forma um grupo robusto com Coptobrycon bilineatus, tendo como grupo-irmão, o grupo composto por Probolodus heterostomus, Deuterodon iguape e Myxiops aphos. Todas essas espécies habitam formações geológicas antigas das regiões nordeste e sudeste do Brasil, que também são áreas de residência de linhagens primitivas de outros importantes grupos de peixes, como aqueles pertencentes às famílias Trichomycteridae e Loricariidae. Note-se que, a despeito da grande diversidade de Characiformes em corpos d´água epígeos, apenas S.typhlops especializou-se para a vida subterrânea, em contraste com as mais de 36 espécies troglóbias de Siluriformes na América do Sul. Tal característica, muito rara entre Characiformes, ilustra a relevância taxonômica dessa espécie singular (M.E. Bichuette ob. pess.)." 49830657,Symphysodon aequifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Symphysodon,aequifasciatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1904","Em 1959/1960 Lyons descreveu a subespécie de Symphysodon discus tarzoo que difere de S. aequifasciatus pela presença de manchas vermelhas nas nadadeiras e no corpo. Sua descrição foi baseada em exemplares de Letícia, Colômbia e suas características são as do fenótipo verde. Schultz (1960) revisou o gênero Symphysodon rejeitando o nome “ tarzoo” e descreveu três subespécies de S. aequifasciatus. Schultz (1960) restringiu a subespécie nominal Symphysodon aequifasciatus aequifasciatus ao fenótipo verde designando a localidade-tipo como Tefé (Amazônia Ocidental) (Amado et al. 2011). No estudo realizado por Ready et al. (2006) no qual foram usadas sequências de citocromo b e dados morfológicos, os autores constataram que existem grupos distintos entre o leste e o oeste da Amazônia dentro do gênero Symphysodon. Ready et al. (2006), basedos em mtDNA e evidências morfométricas, reconheceram Symphysodon tarzoo Lyons, 1959 como uma espécie distinta, limitando a distribuição de S. aequifasciatus ao leste da bacia Amazônica. O padrão de coloração de S. aequifasciatus pode variar bastante, normalmente possuem nove barras laterais e geralmete a cor dessa espécie é marrom com algumas marcas azuis e vermelhas na frente da cabeça e próximo a nadadeira anal (Ready et al. 2006)." 141105901,Symphysodon discus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Symphysodon,discus,,,,,"Heckel, 1840","Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. O padrão de coloração pode variar bastante, normalmente possuem 9 barras laterais, sendo as barras 1, 5 e 9 mais intensas e largas (Ready et al. 2006). No estudo de Ready et al. (2006) no qual foram usadas sequências de citocromo b e dados morfológicos, os autores constataram que existem grupos distintos entre o leste o oeste da Amazônia dentro de gênero Symphysodon." 141105927,Taeniacara candidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Taeniacara,candidi,,,,,"Myers, 1935",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49829886,Tatia intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,intermedia,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. A espécie foi redescrita por (Sarmento-Soares e Martins-Pinheiro 2008). 141106701,Tatia caxiuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,caxiuanensis,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2008",Não há sinonímia assinalada para a espécie na literatura recente. Descrição original em (Sarmento-Soares e Martins-Pinheiro 2008). Não há notas mais recentes disponíveis para a espécie. 141114005,Tatia nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,nigra,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2008",Não há sinonímia assinalada na literatura recente. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141153438,Teleocichla cinderella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleocichla,cinderella,,,,,"Kullander, 1988", 141157398,Teleocichla gephyrogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleocichla,gephyrogramma,,,,,"Kullander, 1988","Não há limitações taxonômicas, o táxon é facilmente identificado." 141157412,Teleocichla monogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleocichla,monogramma,,,,,"Kullander, 1988","Não há limitações taxonômicas, os indivíduos da espécie são facilmente reconhecíveis." 141157427,Teleocichla prionogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleocichla,prionogenys,,,,,"Kullander, 1988", 141157444,Teleocichla proselytus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleocichla,proselytus,,,,,"Kullander, 1988","A espécie é facilmente identificável, sem problemas taxonômicos aparentes. Não possui sinonímias." 141157516,Tetragonopterus anostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tetragonopterus,anostomus,,,,,"Silva & Benine, 2011","O gênero Tetragonopterus está sendo revisado e em fase final para publicação. Existem algumas observações no que se refere à extensão de ocorrência do táxon, mas nada existe no que se refere à sua validade." 141157550,Tetragonopterus araguaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tetragonopterus,araguaiensis,,,,,"Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141157577,Tetragonopterus denticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tetragonopterus,denticulatus,,,,,"Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830066,Tetranematichthys quadrifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tetranematichthys,quadrifilis,,,,,"(Kner, 1858)",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141158555,Tetranematichthys barthemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tetranematichthys,barthemi,,,,,"Peixoto & Wosiacki, 2010",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 49830510,Thayeria boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Thayeria,boehlkei,,,,,"Weitzman, 1957","Não há sinonímias. Há espécies morfologicamente similares e não descritas, cujos registros de ocorrência têm sido erroneamente atribuídos a Thayeria boehlkei (F.C.T. Lima com. pess.)." 141145294,Teleocichla centrarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleocichla,centrarchus,,,,,"Kullander, 1988","Não há limitações taxonômicas, a espécie é facilmente diferenciada das demais congêneres (Kullander 1988, Varella e Moreira 2013)." 141158848,Tometes camunani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Tometes,camunani,,,,,"Andrade, Giarrizzo & Jégu, 2013","Utiaritichthys sp.: Ferreira, 1993: 24 (Brasil, Pará, bacia do rio Trombetas; espécies capturadas a montante de Cachoeira Porteira). Não existem limitações a validação do táxon, que faz parte do grupo Myleus, composto pelas espécies dos gêneros Myleus, Mylesinus, Tometes e Ossubtus. Morfologicamente, o grupo tem monofilia sustentada por 12 sinapomorfias não exclusivas: i) presença de pequena mancha umeral nos juvenis; ii) quando em boca fechada, série principal de dentes no dentário posicionada atrás das duas séries de dentes pré-maxilares; iii) séries de dentes pré-maxilares unidas uma à outra sem espaçamento interno; iv) processo lateral do pré-maxilar comprimido anteroposteriormente; v) extremidade distal do pré-maxilar limitada ao nível do último dente pré-maxilar; vi) face interna do processo transversal do pré-maxilar formando um eixo que oferece suporte ao maxilar; vii) processo lateral do pré-maxilar com formato, em vista frontal, triangular à sub-retangular; viii) fossa olfativa ampla em função do mesetmóide estreito; ix) mesetmóide alongado de formato quadrangular à retangular; x) processo posterior mesetmóide com extremidade posterior oblíqua e articulada com o processo anterior do etmóide lateral; xi) redução do processo transversal do osso pós-temporal em uma pequena espinha; xii) cúspide posterior dos dentes 2 e 3, as vezes também o 4, da série labial do pré-maxilar inserida em um sulco formado na cúspide anterior do dente subseqüente (Jégu 2004)." 141159574,Trachycorystes menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachycorystes,menezesi,,,,,"Britski & Akama, 2011",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141159992,Trichogenes claviger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichogenes,claviger,,,,,"de Pinna, Helmer, Britski & Nunes, 2010", 167728,Trichomycterus longibarbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,longibarbatus,,,,,"Costa, 1992",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141167554,Potamoglanis anhanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Potamoglanis,anhanga,,,,,"(Dutra, Wosiacki & de Pinna, 2012)",Não possui sinonímia. Trichomycterus anhanga pertence ao grupo Trichomycterus hasemani (Dutra et al. 2012). 141167632,Trichomycterus argos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,argos,,,,,"Lezama, Triques & Santos, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141167697,Cambeva balios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,balios,,,,,"(Ferrer & Malabarba, 2013)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141167772,Cambeva brachykechenos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,brachykechenos,,,,,"(Ferrer & Malabarba, 2013)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141167982,Trichomycterus brunoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,brunoi,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2010","A diagnose de Trichomycterus brunoi não justifica plenamente a sua diferenciação de T. vermiculatus, descrita anteriormente para o rio Paraíba do Sul, drenagem imediatamente ao sul da localidade tipo de T. brunoi (sub-bacia do rio Caparaó, bacia do rio Itabapoana, ES (W.B. Wosiacki, A. Datovo e M.N. Mehanna, com. pess. 2013)." 141168071,Trichomycterus claudiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,claudiae,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2010","Trichomycterus claudiae apresenta uma diagnose insatisfatória, que impossibilita a correta identificação da espécie (W. Wosiacki, A. Datovo e M.N. Mehanna com. pess. 2012)." 141168123,Trichomycterus dali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,dali,,,,,"Rizzato, Costa, Trajano & Bichuette, 2011","Há duas subpopulações distintas, uma ocorrendo na porção norte da Serra da Bodoquena e outra na porção sul. A população sul apresenta variabilidade quanto aos aspectos morfológicos, enquanto que a população norte é totalmente homogênea (M.E. Bichuette obs. pess.)." 141168169,Cambeva diatropoporos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,diatropoporos,,,,,"(Ferrer & Malabarba, 2013)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168262,Trichomycterus gabrieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,gabrieli,,,,,"(Myers, 1926)","Suspeita-se que a espécie seja sinônimo de Ituglanis amazonicus, baseado em radiografias (Morris et al. 2006)." 141168301,Trichomycterus gasparinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,gasparinii,,,,,"Barbosa, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168319,Trichomycterus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168359,Trichomycterus macrotrichopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,macrotrichopterus,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168413,Trichomycterus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,maculosus,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168444,Trichomycterus mariamole,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,mariamole,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168471,Trichomycterus mimosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,mimosensis,,,,,"Barbosa, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168484,Trichomycterus nigroauratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,nigroauratus,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2008",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141168533,Trichomycterus novalimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,novalimensis,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2010", 141168552,Trichomycterus payaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,payaya,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares, Zanata & Martins-Pinheiro, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141169360,Cambeva perkos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,perkos,,,,,"(Datovo, Carvalho & Ferrer, 2012)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141169453,Trichomycterus pirabitira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,pirabitira,,,,,"Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos, 2012",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141169501,Trichomycterus piratymbara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,piratymbara,,,,,"Katz, Barbosa & Costa, 2013","Trichomycterus piratymbara não apresenta uma diagnose que justifique plenamente sua diferenciação de T. reinhardti, presente na bacia do rio das Velhas, MG e, possivelmente, de T. pauciradiatus que ocorre na bacia do rio Grande, MG." 141169573,Cambeva poikilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,poikilos,,,,,"(Ferrer & Malabarba, 2013)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141169745,Trichomycterus punctatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,punctatissimus,,,,,"Castelnau, 1855",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141169784,Trichomycterus puriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,puriventris,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2012","Apesar de Trichomycterus puriventris ter sido descrita recentemente (2012), não há registros anteriores a 2001 (parátipo mais antigo) desse material em coleções. A diagnose é insatisfatória e a distribuição é conhecida apenas do material tipo (W. Wosiacki, A. Datovo e M. Mehanna com. pess. 2012)." 141169842,Trichomycterus rubbioli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,rubbioli,,,,,"Bichuette & Rizzato, 2012", 141169888,Trichomycterus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,rubiginosus,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2010",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141169941,Trichomycterus septemradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,septemradiatus,,,,,"Katz, Barbosa & Costa, 2013","Trichomycterus septemradiatus não apresenta uma diagnose que justifique plenamente sua diferenciação de T. reinhardti, presente na bacia do rio das Velhas, MG e, possivelmente, de T. pauciradiatus que ocorre na bacia do rio Grande, MG." 141169965,Trichomycterus tete,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,tete,,,,,"Barbosa & Costa, 2011",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141170007,Cambeva tropeiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,tropeiro,,,,,"(Ferrer & Malabarba, 2011)", 141170083,Tridentopsis tocantinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Tridentopsis,tocantinsi,,,,,"La Monte, 1939",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141170162,Trigonectes rubromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Trigonectes,rubromarginatus,,,,,"Costa, 1990",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141170492,Triportheus trifurcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Triportheus,trifurcatus,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)",Sinonímias desconhecidas para os últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141170722,Tucanoichthys tucano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tucanoichthys,tucano,,,,,"Géry & Römer, 1997",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141223050,Typhlobelus macromycterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Typhlobelus,macromycterus,,,,,"Costa & Bockmann, 1994","A espécie foi descrita com base em um único exemplar, utilizando como características diagnósticas algumas diferenças em proporções corporais obtidas por comparação com ilustrações e Typhlobelus ternetzi. Entretanto, imprecisões nas referidas ilustrações tornam essa comparação pouco acurada e colocam em dúvida a validade de T. macromycterus (J.A.S. Zuanon com. pess. 2013) ." 141223126,Typhlobelus ternetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Typhlobelus,ternetzi,,,,,"Myers, 1944",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141223866,Tyttobrycon marajoara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tyttobrycon,marajoara,,,,,"Marinho, Bastos & Menezes, 2013",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141224026,Uaru amphiacanthoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Uaru,amphiacanthoides,,,,,"Heckel, 1840",Não há limitações taxonômicas. 141224262,Utiaritichthys esguiceroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Utiaritichthys,esguiceroi,,,,,"Pereira & Castro, 2014",Não há sinonímia. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141224397,Utiaritichthys longidorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Utiaritichthys,longidorsalis,,,,,"Jégu, de Morais & Santos, 1992",Sinonímias desconhecidas. 141224526,Xenurobrycon coracoralinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Xenurobrycon,coracoralinae,,,,,"Moreira, 2005",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141224564,Xenurobrycon pteropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Xenurobrycon,pteropus,,,,,"Weitzman & Fink, 1985",Sinonímias desconhecidas. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141225721,Xyliphius anachoretes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Xyliphius,anachoretes,,,,,"Figueiredo & Britto, 2010",Não há sinonímias. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 141513743,Teratoscincus rustamowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Teratoscincus,rustamowi,,,,,"Ščerbak, 1979", 141515855,Cylindrophis subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,subocularis,,,,,"Kieckbusch, Mecke, Hartmann, Ehrmantraut, O’Shea & Kaiser, 2016", This species was identified as distinct during an ongoing revision of the widespread Cylindrophis ruffus species complex (Kieckbusch et al. 2016). 141515918,Cylindrophis osheai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,osheai,,,,,"Keickbusch, Mader, Kaiser & Mecke, 2018",This species was described from specimens that had been confused with Cylindrophis melanotus (Kieckbusch et al. 2018). 141518150,Draco hennigi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,hennigi,,,,,"Musters, 1983","A revision of the Draco fimbriatus species group is presently underway (J. McGuire pers. comm. 2017). This work indicates that this group contains five species-level taxa: D. cristatellus, the species presently known as D. fimbriatus and D. abbreviatus, D. maculatus and D. henningi Musters, 1983 (presently a junior synonym of D. fimbriatus) (McGuire et al.2018).

McGuire et al. (2018) report that this work will necessitate nomenclatural changes to the species traditionally known as Draco fimbriatus, with the result that this name should be considered a senior synonym of Draco abbreviatus, and the name Draco punctatus Boulenger 1900 (whose complex taxonomic history is discussed in detail by McGuire et al. 2018) is available for the taxon previously known as D. fimbriatus.

This assessment accepts the scheme proposed by McGuire et al. (2018) for consistency with this source's revision of D. cristatellus and to limit the possibility of confusion resulting from forthcoming nomenclatural changes." 141362457,Leptochilichthys microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,LEPTOCHILICHTHYIDAE,Leptochilichthys,microlepis,,,,,"Machida & Shiogaki, 1988",This species is now placed in the order Alepocephaliformes and the family Alepocephalidae (J. Moore pers. comm. 2018). 141362468,Leptochilichthys pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,LEPTOCHILICHTHYIDAE,Leptochilichthys,pinguis,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1886)",This species is now placed in the order Alepocephaliformes and the family Alepocephalidae (J. Moore pers. comm. 2018). 141362646,Mentodus crassus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,PLATYTROCTIDAE,Mentodus,crassus,,,,,"Parr, 1960", 141363430,Hypoplectrus liberte,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Hypoplectrus,liberte,,,,,"Victor & Marks, 2018","There is ongoing discussion amongst workers since some hamlet species have been known to produce hybrids (Victor and Marks 2018)." 141481160,Pseudoscopelus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,australis,,,,,"Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006", 141484017,Opistognathus schrieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OPISTOGNATHIDAE,Opistognathus,schrieri,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz, 2017", 141484116,Serranus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,pulcher,,,,,"Wirtz & Iwamoto, 2016", 141363954,Saccopharynx berteli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,berteli,,,,,"Tighe & Nielsen, 2000", 141363974,Saccopharynx lavenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,lavenbergi,,,,,"Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985", 141363998,Saccopharynx schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SACCOPHARYNGIFORMES,SACCOPHARYNGIDAE,Saccopharynx,schmidti,,,,,"Bertin, 1934", 141364001,Poromitra agafonovae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,agafonovae,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2009", 141364025,Poromitra crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,crassa,,,,,"Parin & Ebeling, 1980", 141364028,Poromitra cristiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,cristiceps,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 141364039,Poromitra curilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,curilensis,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2008", 141364061,Poromitra decipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,decipiens,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2008", 141364354,Poromitra frontosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,frontosa,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 141364370,Poromitra gibbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,gibbsi,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1989", 141364373,Poromitra glochidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,glochidiata,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2008", 141364378,Poromitra indooceanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,indooceanica,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2008", 141364381,Poromitra jucunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,jucunda,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2010", 141364384,Poromitra macrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,macrophthalma,,,,,"(Gilchrist, 1903)", 141364389,Poromitra nigrofulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,nigrofulva,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 141364394,Poromitra oscitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,oscitans,,,,,"Ebeling, 1975", 141364397,Poromitra rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,rugosa,,,,,"(Chapman, 1939)", 141364402,Poromitra unicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Poromitra,unicornis,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)", 141364407,Scopeloberyx malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,malayanus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)","This species is currently comprised of two subspecies: Scopeloberyx malayanus balushkini and Scopeloberyx malayanus malayanus (Kotlyar 2004)." 141364412,Scopeloberyx maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,maxillaris,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 141364443,Scopeloberyx microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,microlepis,,,,,"(Norman, 1937)", 141364461,Scopeloberyx pequenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,pequenoi,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2004", 141364466,Scopeloberyx rossicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopeloberyx,rossicus,,,,,"Kotlyar, 2004", 141364476,Scopelogadus bispinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopelogadus,bispinosus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1915)","This species was previously considered a subspecies Scopelogadus mizolepis. A revision of the Scopelogadus genus is currently underway (J. Moore pers. comm. 2019)." 141364495,Scopelogadus unispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STEPHANOBERYCIFORMES,MELAMPHAIDAE,Scopelogadus,unispinis,,,,,"Ebeling & Weed, 1963",A revision of the Scopelogadus genus is currently underway (J. Moore pers. comm. 2019). 141364518,Sigmops ebelingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Sigmops,ebelingi,,,,,"(Grey, 1960)", 141364523,Sigmops gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Sigmops,gracilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)", 141364530,Sigmops longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,GONOSTOMATIDAE,Sigmops,longipinnis,,,,,"(Mukhacheva, 1972)", 141365104,Polymetme andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Polymetme,andriashevi,,,,,"Parin & Borodulina, 1990", 141365108,Polymetme elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Polymetme,elongata,,,,,"(Matsubara, 1938)", 141366179,Polymetme illustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Polymetme,illustris,,,,,"McCulloch, 1926",This species was previously considered a synonym of Polymetme corythaeola (Paxton et al. 1989). 141366232,Polymetme surugaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Polymetme,surugaensis,,,,,"(Matsubara, 1943)",This species was previously considered a synonym of Polymetme corythaeola (Quéro et al. 1990). 141366527,Vinciguerria lucetia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Vinciguerria,lucetia,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 141366573,Vinciguerria mabahiss,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Vinciguerria,mabahiss,,,,,"Johnson & Feltes, 1984", 141366592,Yarrella argenteola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,PHOSICHTHYIDAE,Yarrella,argenteola,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 141366648,Polyipnus aquavitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,aquavitus,,,,,"Baird, 1971", 141366669,Polyipnus asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,asper,,,,,"Harold, 1994", 141366683,Polyipnus bruuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,bruuni,,,,,"Harold, 1994", 141366687,Polyipnus danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,danae,,,,,"Harold, 1990", 141366702,Polyipnus fraseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,fraseri,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 141366732,Polyipnus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,indicus,,,,,"Schultz, 1961", 141367438,Polyipnus inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,inermis,,,,,"Borodulina, 1981", 141367466,Polyipnus kiwiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,kiwiensis,,,,,"Baird, 1971", 141367524,Polyipnus laruei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,laruei,,,,,"Vourey, Dupoux & Harold, 2017", 141367541,Polyipnus latirastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,latirastrus,,,,,"Last & Harold, 1994", 141367581,Polyipnus limatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,limatulus,,,,,"Harold & Wessel, 1998", 141367596,Polyipnus matsubarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,matsubarai,,,,,"Schultz, 1961", 141367612,Polyipnus meteori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,meteori,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1967", 141367633,Polyipnus notatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,notatus,,,,,"Harold, Kemp & Shore, 2016", 141367648,Polyipnus nuttingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,nuttingi,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 141367675,Polyipnus oluolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,oluolus,,,,,"Baird, 1971", 141367710,Polyipnus omphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,omphus,,,,,"Baird, 1971", 141367751,Polyipnus parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,parini,,,,,"Borodulina, 1979", 141367760,Polyipnus paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,paxtoni,,,,,"Harold, 1989", 141367771,Polyipnus ruggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,ruggeri,,,,,"Baird, 1971", 141367781,Polyipnus soelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,soelae,,,,,"Harold, 1994", 141367804,Polyipnus spinifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,spinifer,,,,,"Borodulina, 1979", 141367814,Polyipnus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,spinosus,,,,,"Günther, 1887", 141367822,Polyipnus stereope,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,stereope,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1904", 141367825,Polyipnus surugaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,surugaensis,,,,,"Aizawa, 1990", 141367842,Polyipnus tridentifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,tridentifer,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914","This species was once part of the wide-ranging Polyipnus spinosus species complex, but it is now considered restricted to the seas off Australia (Borodulina 1979)." 141367864,Polyipnus triphanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,triphanos,,,,,"Schultz, 1938",This species is under review presently (A. Harold pers. comm. 2019). 141367867,Polyipnus unispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,unispinus,,,,,"Schultz, 1938", 141367887,Valenciennellus carlsbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Valenciennellus,carlsbergi,,,,,"Bruun, 1931", 141373335,Opostomias mitsuii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Opostomias,mitsuii,,,,,"Imai, 1941", 141374447,Photonectes albipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,albipennis,,,,,"(Döderlein, 1882)", 141374524,Photonectes barnetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,barnetti,,,,,"Klepadlo, 2011", 141374570,Photonectes coffea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,coffea,,,,,"Klepadlo, 2011", 141374595,Photonectes corynodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,corynodes,,,,,"Klepadlo, 2011", 141374653,Photonectes gorodinskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,gorodinskii,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2015", 141374775,Photonectes litvinovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,litvinovi,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2014", 141374828,Photonectes munificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,munificus,,,,,"Gibbs, 1968",This species was previously referred to as Trachinostomias munificus (Prokofiev 2015). 141374869,Photonectes paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,paxtoni,,,,,"Flynn & Klepadlo, 2012", 141374944,Photonectes venetaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,venetaenia,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2016", 141374986,Photonectes waitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photonectes,waitti,,,,,"Flynn & Klepadlo, 2012", 141375168,Stomias atriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,atriventer,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 141375242,Stomias colubrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,colubrinus,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 141375291,Stomias nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,nebulosus,,,,,"Alcock, 1889", 141375337,Stomias pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Stomias,pacificus,,,,,"(Fedorov & Mel'chikova, 1971)", 141375385,Tactostoma macropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Tactostoma,macropus,,,,,"Bolin, 1939", 12949,Megalagrion adytum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,adytum,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 141656432,Stegonotus aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,aruensis,,,,,"(Doria, 1874)","In a revision of Stegonotus, Kaiser et al. (2018) removed Lycodon aruensis from synonymy with S. modestus on morphological and biogeographic grounds." 141659842,Stegonotus lividus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,lividus,,,,,"(Müller in Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","In a revision of Stegonotus, Kaiser et al. (2018) removed Lycodon lividum from synonymy with S. modestus on biogeographic grounds. These authors note that this species can however not be adequately characterized morphologically as only two specimens were available for study, although they report that it is morphologically distinct from the similarly poorly-known S. florensis." 141659917,Stegonotus keyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,keyensis,,,,,"(Doria, 1874)","In a revision of Stegonotus, Kaiser et al. (2018) removed Lycodon keyensis from synonymy with S. cucullatus on morphological and biogeographic grounds." 141660596,Stegonotus sutteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,sutteri,,,,,"Forcart, 1953",This species was removed from synonymy with Stegonotus florensis on morphological and biogeographic grounds by Kaiser et al. (2018). 141660663,Stegonotus iridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,iridis,,,,,"Ruane, Richards, McVay, Tjaturadi, Krey & Austin 2017", 141660759,Stegonotus derooijae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Stegonotus,derooijae,,,,,"Ruane, Richards, McVay, Tjaturadi, Krey & Austin 2017", 153919240,Megalagrion koelense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,koelense,,,,,"(Blackburn, 1884)","Previously two subspecies of Megalagrion koelense were listed: M. koelense peles and M. koelense waianaeanum. The subspecies status is doubted, therefore only the nominate species is currently considered (see Polhemus 1997, Polhemus and Asquith 1996)." 12954,Megalagrion leptodemas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,leptodemas,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 141745938,Bythaelurus vivaldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,vivaldii,,,,,"Weigmann & Kaschner, 2017", 141747777,Bythaelurus stewarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,stewarti,,,,,"Weigmann, Kaschner & Thiel, 2018", 141749582,Megalagrion blackburni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,blackburni,,,,,"McLachlan, 1883", 141749672,Megalagrion calliphya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,calliphya,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1883)", 141749859,Megalagrion eudytum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,eudytum,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 59740,Megalagrion molokaiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,molokaiense,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 59741,Megalagrion nesiotes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,nesiotes,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 159125,Megalagrion paludicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,paludicola,,,,,"Maciolek & Howarth, 1979", 141749901,Megalagrion hawaiiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,hawaiiense,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1883)", 141749935,Megalagrion heterogamias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,heterogamias,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 141750027,Megalagrion kauaiense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,kauaiense,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 141750083,Megalagrion mauka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,mauka,,,,,"Daigle, 1997", 141750266,Megalagrion oresitrophum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,oresitrophum,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 141750290,Megalagrion orobates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,orobates,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 141750358,Megalagrion vagabundum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,vagabundum,,,,,"(Perkins, 1899)", 141750375,Megalagrion williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,williamsoni,,,,,"(Perkins, 1910)", 141481104,Synchiropus splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CALLIONYMIDAE,Synchiropus,splendidus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 141481252,Brachyistius frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Brachyistius,frenatus,,,,,"Gill, 1862", 141481460,Embiotoca lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Embiotoca,lateralis,,,,,"Agassiz, 1854", 141484154,Siganus unimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SIGANIDAE,Siganus,unimaculatus,,,,,"(Evermann & Seale, 1907)","This species is genetically and morphologically similar to Siganus vulpinus, but differs in coloration (Nanami 2015). Species of the family Siganidae are known for their morphological uniformity, therefore, for some authors, the colour has been enough to consider both species valid; while for others, S. unimaculatus is only a color variety of S. vulpinus. Further studies are necessary to understand its taxonomic status (Gawel and Woodland 1974, Kuriiwa et al. 2007). It has also been suggested that two sub-genera exist within Siganus: Siganus and Lo, with this species belonging to the latter. Borsa and colleagues (2007) have suggested that this division does not exist and all species should be considered as Siganus." 141748350,Embiotoca jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMBIOTOCIDAE,Embiotoca,jacksoni,,,,,"Agassiz, 1853", 141375031,Photostomias liemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photostomias,liemi,,,,,"Kenaley, 2009", 141375077,Photostomias lucingens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photostomias,lucingens,,,,,"Kenaley, 2009", 141375113,Photostomias tantillux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STOMIIDAE,Photostomias,tantillux,,,,,"Kenaley, 2009", 141748589,Serranus drewesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,drewesi,,,,,"Iwamoto, 2018", 141748635,Serranus inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Serranus,inexpectatus,,,,,"Wirtz & Iwamoto, 2018", 141748720,Starksia splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LABRISOMIDAE,Starksia,splendens,,,,,"Victor, 2018", 18584848,Pristis pristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,PRISTIDAE,Pristis,pristis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Pristis pristis was formerly known as P. perotteti in the Atlantic and sometimes in the Eastern Pacific, and P. microdon in the Indo-West Pacific. These are both now synonyms of P. pristis." 39389,Anoxypristis cuspidata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,PRISTIDAE,Anoxypristis,cuspidata,,,,,"(Latham, 1794)","Although there are records of Australian specimens of Narrow Sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata) with broader triangular rostral teeth than normal, the analysis of genetic data from this region did not produce any evidence that there is more than one species present (D’Anastasi 2010)." 39390,Pristis clavata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,PRISTIDAE,Pristis,clavata,,,,,"Garman, 1906","The Dwarf Sawfish (Pristis clavata) is similar to the Smalltooth Sawfish (Pristis pectinata), with which it may have been previously confused, but it has fewer rostral teeth than the Smalltooth Sawfish (Last and Stevens 2009)." 18175,Pristis pectinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,PRISTIDAE,Pristis,pectinata,,,,,"Latham, 1794", 39393,Pristis zijsron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,PRISTIDAE,Pristis,zijsron,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 141363164,Plectorhinchus ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1956)", 190236,Barathronus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,maculatus,,,,,"Shcherbachev, 1976", 199648,Grammonus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Grammonus,minutus,,,,,"Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010", 47270244,Penopus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Penopus,japonicus,,,,,"Nielsen & Ohashi, 2011", 47388190,Alionematichthys crassiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Alionematichthys,crassiceps,,,,,"Møller & Schwarzhans, 2008", 47389014,Didymothallus nudigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Didymothallus,nudigena,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011","This species was previously considered under Didymothallus mizolepis (Schwarzhans and Møller 2007). After further study, it is now understood to be valid as Didymothallus nudigena and distributed in central and northwestern Western Australia. It may overlap geographically with D. mizolepis (Schwarzhans and Møller 2011)." 47389495,Majungaichthys agalegae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Majungaichthys,agalegae,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011","This species was previously considered under Majungaichthys simplex, but was described as a valid species by Schwarzhans and Møller (2011).

" 47389858,Mascarenichthys remotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Mascarenichthys,remotus,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011", 47390205,Microbrotula andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,andersoni,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011", 47390220,Microbrotula hamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,hamata,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011", 47392828,Nielsenichthys pullus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Nielsenichthys,pullus,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011", 47392945,Timorichthys disjunctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Timorichthys,disjunctus,,,,,"Nielsen & Schwarzhans, 2011", 47393536,Neobythites machidai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,machidai,,,,,"Ohashi, Nielsen & Yabe, 2012", 47665073,Microbrotula geraldalleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Microbrotula,geraldalleni,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2012", 137471008,Bassogigas walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Bassogigas,walkeri,,,,,"Nielsen & Møller, 2011", 141357100,Paradiancistrus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Paradiancistrus,acutirostris,,,,,"Schwarzhans, Møller & Nielsen, 2005", 141357127,Paradiancistrus christmasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Paradiancistrus,christmasensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011", 141357143,Paradiancistrus lombokensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Paradiancistrus,lombokensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 141357194,Ungusurculus collettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Ungusurculus,collettei,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 141357317,Ungusurculus riauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Ungusurculus,riauensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 141357344,Ungusurculus sundaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Ungusurculus,sundaensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 141357490,Zephyrichthys barryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Zephyrichthys,barryi,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 141357500,Neobythites australiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,australiensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141357618,Neobythites bimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,bimarginatus,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979", 141357666,Neobythites crosnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,crosnieri,,,,,"Nielsen, 1995", 141357698,Neobythites fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,fasciatus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 141357740,Neobythites fijiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,fijiensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141357755,Neobythites gloriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,gloriae,,,,,"Uiblein & Nielsen, 2018",This species was previously misidentified as Neobythites steatiticus and N. stefanovi (Uiblein and Nielsen 2018). 141357849,Neobythites javaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,javaensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141357860,Neobythites kenyaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,kenyaensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1995", 141357878,Neobythites lombokensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,lombokensis,,,,,"Uiblein & Nielsen, 2018", 141357925,Neobythites longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,longipes,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 141357934,Neobythites longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,longispinis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141357963,Neobythites longiventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,longiventralis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1997", 141357972,Neobythites macrocelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,macrocelli,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141357986,Neobythites macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,macrops,,,,,"Günther, 1887", 141357989,Neobythites malayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,malayanus,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 141358008,Neobythites malhaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,malhaensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1995", 141358057,Neobythites marianaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,marianaensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141358087,Neobythites marquesaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,marquesaensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141358103,Neobythites meteori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,meteori,,,,,"Nielsen, 1995", 141358112,Neobythites multistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,multistriatus,,,,,"Nielsen & Quéro, 1991", 141358121,Neobythites musorstomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,musorstomi,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141358181,Neobythites natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,natalensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1995", 141358203,Neobythites neocaledoniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,neocaledoniensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1997", 141358240,Neobythites nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,nigriventris,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141358263,Neobythites pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,pallidus,,,,,"Nielsen, 1997", 141358455,Neobythites purus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,purus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 141358472,Neobythites sereti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,sereti,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141358501,Neobythites sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,sinensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141358516,Neobythites sivicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,sivicola,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 141358557,Neobythites soelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,soelae,,,,,"Nielsen, 2002", 141358568,Neobythites somaliaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,somaliaensis,,,,,"Nielsen, 1995", 141358741,Neobythites stefanovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,stefanovi,,,,,"Nielsen & Uiblein, 1993", 141358790,Neobythites stigmosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,stigmosus,,,,,"Machida, 1984",This species has been misidentified as Neobythites fasciatus in most previous Japanese fish literature (Nielsen 2002). 141358837,Neobythites trifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,trifilis,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1979", 141358857,Neobythites unimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,unimaculatus,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1913", 141358889,Neobythites vityazi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,vityazi,,,,,"Nielsen, 1995", 141358949,Neobythites zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythites,zonatus,,,,,"Nielsen, 1997", 141359674,Ophidion asiro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,asiro,,,,,"(Jordan & Fowler, 1902)",This species is possibly a synonym of Ophidion muraenolepis according to Nielsen et al. (1999) and Randall (2007). Further work is needed to compare the materials of these species (H. Ho and F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 141359722,Ophidion exul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,exul,,,,,"Robins, 1991", 141359749,Ophidion genyopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,genyopus,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1897)", 141359772,Ophidion metoecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,metoecus,,,,,"Robins, 1991", 141359788,Ophidion muraenolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,muraenolepis,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 141359863,Ophidion smithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ophidion,smithi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","This species is questionably distinct from Ophidion genyopus from southeastern Australia (Nielsen et al. 1990, J. Nielsen and F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 141359877,Porogadus atripectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,atripectus,,,,,"Garman, 1899",The Porogadus genus requires revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 141359951,Porogadus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,gracilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1878)",The Porogadus genus requires revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 141359957,Porogadus guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,guentheri,,,,,"Jordan & Fowler, 1902",The Porogadus genus requires revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 141359967,Porogadus longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,longiceps,,,,,"Garman, 1899",The Porogadus genus requires revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 141359981,Porogadus melampeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,melampeplus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1896)",The Porogadus genus requires revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 141359992,Porogadus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1891)",The Porogadus genus requires revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 141360036,Porogadus trichiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Porogadus,trichiurus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)",The Porogadus genus requires revision (Nielsen et al. 1999). 141360076,Pycnocraspedum armatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Pycnocraspedum,armatum,,,,,"Gosline, 1954",There is some taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species (Struhsaker 1973). 141360079,Pycnocraspedum fulvum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Pycnocraspedum,fulvum,,,,,"Machida, 1984", 141360110,Pycnocraspedum microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Pycnocraspedum,microlepis,,,,,"(Matsubara, 1943)", 141360223,Sirembo amaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Sirembo,amaculata,,,,,"(Cohen & Nielsen, 1982)",This species was transferred from the genus Spottobrotula to Sirembo by Nielsen et al. (2014). 141360235,Sirembo imberbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Sirembo,imberbis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 141360252,Sirembo jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Sirembo,jerdoni,,,,,"(Day, 1888)", 141360403,Sirembo metachroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Sirembo,metachroma,,,,,"Cohen & Robins, 1986", 141360419,Sirembo wami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Sirembo,wami,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Uiblein, 2014", 141360674,Spottobrotula mahodadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Spottobrotula,mahodadi,,,,,"Cohen & Nielsen, 1978", 141360692,Spottobrotula mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Spottobrotula,mossambica,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Uiblein, 2014", 141360763,Spottobrotula persica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Spottobrotula,persica,,,,,"Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Uiblein, 2014", 141360814,Tauredophidium hextii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Tauredophidium,hextii,,,,,"Alcock, 1890", 141360861,Typhlonus nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Typhlonus,nasus,,,,,"Günther, 1878", 141360898,Ventichthys biospeedoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Ventichthys,biospeedoi,,,,,"Nielsen, Møller & Segonzac, 2006", 141747748,Ungusurculus komodoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,DINEMATICHTHYIDAE,Ungusurculus,komodoensis,,,,,"Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007", 163677,Neurobasis longipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,longipes,,,,,"Hagen, 1887", 163602,Vestalis atropha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,atropha,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965","

Vestalis anacolosa is very likely to be the same species as V. atropha (see Dow et al. 2018), in which case since both were described in Lieftinck (1965) it will be up to the first reviser to decide which name is the junior synonym. However in the opinion of the assessor the name V. atropha is to be preferred, if for no other reason than that it has appeared in the literature more often than V. anacolosa. Records of V. anacolosa from Sarawak certainly refer to V. atropha (Dow et al. 2018).

" 141363194,Plectorhinchus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Plectorhinchus,griseus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","Plectorhinchus griseus was previously treated as a junior synonym of P. schotaf; however, it has been confirmed as a valid species due to the distinguishing characters of body depth and dorsal-fin ray count (Johnson and Wilmer 2015)." 141363377,Parascolopsis baranesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Parascolopsis,baranesi,,,,,"Russell & Golani, 1993", 141363399,Parascolopsis capitinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NEMIPTERIDAE,Parascolopsis,capitinis,,,,,"Russell, 1996", 141481612,Plagiogeneion fiolenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EMMELICHTHYIDAE,Plagiogeneion,fiolenti,,,,,"Parin, 1991", 138182402,Calopteryx samarcandica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,samarcandica,,,,,"Bartenev, 1912","

An year after the description of C. samarcandica (Bartenev, 1912), its author proposed a new name for it, Calopteryx maracandica  (Bartenev, 1913: 185) and used it later on, as well as some later authors. That new name erection was not justified from the point of view of the current International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature and is just a junior subjective synonym.

Calopteryx unicolor Bartenev, 1912 was described by teneral, not fully coloured specimens of C. samarcandica.Their conspecificity was supposed still by the author of both specific names (Bartenev 1913). Both species were described in the same comprehensive paper (Bartenev 1912). The following wording (translated from Russian) in (Bartenev, 1913: 185): “At present I provisionally attribute all the specimens to the same species Calopteryx samarcandica, having only changed its name, according to the proposition by A.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy (in a letter), to Calopteryx maracandica” can be interpreted as the action of the First Reviser who, in the same phrase, first chose C. samarcandica as the valid name for the species uniting the two previously presumed species, and then replaced (invalidly) this name to C. samarcandica. The synonymy of C. unicolor to C. samarcandica was assumed by Chaplina et al. (2007) and further authors.

" 138183118,Davidius lunatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,lunatus,,,,,"(Bartenev, 1914)", 138183488,Stylurus occultus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,occultus,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)",

Few known localities are scattered over the huge territory with too variable natural conditions. It may happen that under the name Stylurus occultus more than one species are lumped.

138183235,Ophiogomphus obscurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,obscurus,,,,,"Bartenev, 1909","

The four North Eurasian species of Ophiogomphus Selys, 1854 s. str., namely O. obscurus Bartenev, 1909, O. cecilia (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785), O. spinicornis Selys, 1878 and O. reductus Calvert, 1898, are clear-cut and have very steady diagnostic characters including the male anal appendages (Bartenev 1930, Asahina 1979, Haritonov and Borisov 1990, Kosterin 2004). Some authors (Belyshev 1964a, 1973; Zaika and Kosterin 1992) erroneously considered three of them, including O. obscurus, as subspecies of O. cecilia.

Ophiogomphus obscurus in general replaces two of its congeners in the continuous forest zone but in some places of its margin coexists in sympatry with them in the same localities (all in Siberia). Sympatry of O. obscurus and O. cecilia was reported for the Isha River in the northern Altai Mts. (but at different localities 42 km from each other, with different habitats preferred by these two species) (Kosterin and Zaika 2010, 2011) and the Mana River at Kandalak village in the southern Krasnoyarsk Province (co-occurrence/syntopy) (Zapekina-Dulkeit and Dulkeit 1961; Kosterin and Zaika 2010, 2011). The reports by Wnukowsky (1928) and Belyshev (1964a) suggest that even at the type locality of O. obscurus at Tomsk City it coexists with O. cecilia. The sympatry of O. obscurus and O. spinicornis in the Onon River basin is known at Kyra (Kosterin et al. 2004) and Edinenie (co-occurrence/syntopy; A.F. Medvedev pers. comm.) villages in Transbaikalia (presently Zabaykalskiy Kray).

It should be noted that Bartenev (1909) described this taxon, as Ophiogomphus cecilia var. obscura, in a paper in Russian but next year he published the same data in English and again mentioned it as “Ophiogomphus cecilia var. obscura var. n.” as if it was the first description (Bartenev 1910: 273).

" 75976541,Calumma linotum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,linotum,,,,,"(Müller, 1924)","

The identity of Calumma linotum, a nasutum-group member described from the imprecise locality ""Madagascar"", was particularly unclear until its taxonomy was recently revised by Prötzel et al. (2015). Until recently, there was confusion over the status of Calumma linotum and C. boettgeri. A molecular phylogenetic approach and a taxonomic revision have provided the resolution needed to understand the complex systematics of this group (Gehring et al. 2012, Prötzel et al. 2015), and the northern populations (from Montagne d’Ambre  and Andampy in the Tsaratanana massif ) are now understood to be C. linotum, with C. boettgeri restricted to the Sambirano region of Madagascar (Prötzel et al. 2015).

" 176301,Calumma boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,boettgeri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1888)","

Until recently, there was confusion over the status of Calumma boettgeri and C. linotum. A molecular phylogenetic approach and a taxonomic revision have provided the resolution needed to understand the complex systematics of this group (Gehring et al. 2012, Prötzel et al. 2015), and the northern populations (from Montagne d’Ambre  and Andampy in the Tsaratanana massif ) are now understood to be C. linotum, with C. boettgeri distributed in the Sambirano region of Madagascar (Prötzel et al. 2015).

" 142178875,Helicopsis striata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,striata,,,,,"(O.F. Müller, 1774)","This an assessment of a new concept of H. striata, necessitated by the promotion of two former subspecies, H.s. hungarica and H.s. austriaca to species level (Duda et al. 2018)." 142185300,Helicopsis hungarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,hungarica,,,,,"(Soós & H. Wagner, 1935) ","Originally described as a separate species, this taxon was later considered a subspecies of H. striata but was resurrected as a species by Duda et al. (2018)." 142185429,Helicopsis austriaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,austriaca,,,,,"E. Gittenberger, 1969","Originally described as a separate species, this taxon was later considered a subspecies of H. striata but was resurrected as a species by Duda et al. (2018)." 22678286,Taoniscus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Taoniscus,nanus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 167225141,Megalagrion nigrohamatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Megalagrion,nigrohamatum,,,,,"(Blackburn, 1884)", 138182843,Sympecma gobica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Sympecma,gobica,,,,,"Förster, 1900","

Although first described in the subspecific rank as Sympecma annulata Rasse gobica Förster, 1900, this is a good species with clear diagnostic characters and no hints of hybridising with two its congeners, Sympecma fusca (Vander Linden, 1820) and S. paedisca (Brauer, 1877) (= S. annulata Selys, 1887; = Sympycna braueri Bianchi in Jakobson et Bianchi, 1904), with which it co-exists in sympatry in large territories, e.g. in Kazakhstan (Dumont and Borisov 1993a,b).

There, however, existed a lot of confusion of these species in the past so in this assessment only proved records of S. gobica are mentioned.

" 138183313,Ophiogomphus spinicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,spinicornis,,,,,"Selys, 1878","

The four North Eurasian species of Ophiogomphus Selys, 1854 s. str., namely O. obscurus Bartenev, 1909, O. cecilia (Geoffroy in Fourcroy 1785), O. spinicornis Selys, 1878 and O. reductus Calvert, 1898, are clear-cut and have very steady diagnostic characters including the male anal appendages (Bartenev 1930, Asahina 1979, Haritonov and Borisov 1990, Kosterin 2004). Some authors (Belyshev 1973, Zaika and Kosterin 1992) erroneously considered three of them, including O. obscurus, as subspecies of O. cecilia.

Ophiogomphus obscurus in general replaces two of its congeners in the taiga zone but in some places of its range margin coexists in sympatry with them in the same localities (all in Siberia). Sympatry of O. obscurus and O. cecilia was reported for the Isha River in the northern Altai Mts. (but different localities 42 km from each other, with different habitats preferred by these two species) (Kosterin and Zaika 2010, 2011) and the Mana River at Kandalak village in the southern Krasnoyarsk Province (co-occurrence/syntopy) (Zapekina-Dulkeit and Dulkeit 1961; Kosterin and Zaika 2010, 2011). The reports by Wnukowsky (1928) and Belyshev (1964a) suggest that even at the type locality of O. obscurus at Tomsk City it coexists with O. cecilia. The sympatry of O. obscurus and O. spinicornis for the Onon River basin at Kyra (Kosterin et al. 2004) and Edinenie (co-occurrence/syntopy; A.F. Medvedev pers. comm.) villages in Transbaikalia (presentl Zabaykalskiy Kray).

It should be noted that Bartenev (1909) described this taxon as Ophiogomphus cecilia var. obscura, in a paper in Russian but the next year he published the same data in English and again mentioned it as “Ophiogomphus cecilia var. obscura var. n.” as if it was the first description (Bartenev 1910: 273).

" 138183447,Shaogomphus schmidti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Shaogomphus,schmidti,,,,,"(Asahina, 1956)","

Descriptions of the same species as Gomphus schmidti Asahina, 1956 and Gomphus chancae Bartenev, 1956 were published in the same year (Asahina 1956, Bartenev 1956). Although the actual date of the latter publication is not known for sure, is indirect evidence suggests it was later than that of the former, so the name schmidti gets a priority (Asahina 1989).

" 138183503,Trigomphus nigripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Trigomphus,nigripes,,,,,"(Selys, 1887)","

Asahina (1942, 1949) synonymised Trigomphus succumbens (Needham 1931), described from Jilin, with T. nigripes but Chao (1990) did not accept this synonymy admitting that T. nigripes is more closely related to T. citimus (Needham 1931). T. nigripes must be present in NE China, but unless the true relationship of the above mentioned taxa is clarified no report can be associated with it for sure.

In the original description (Asahina 1949), Trigomphus ogumai Asahina, 1949 was compared to T. melampus (Selys, 1869) but not to T. nigripes. At the same time it is so close to T. nigripes that looks as its Japanese subspecies or even a full junior synonym.

Trigomphus anormolobatus Bartenev, 1913 is known only by a holotype female allegedly originating from Vladivostok and differing from T. nigripes only by a prominent knob at the vulvar lamina base (Bartenev 1913); it is not excluded that will turn to be another junior synonym of T. nigripes, as Belyshev (1973) already supposed.

Both Bartenev (1956) and Belyshev (1956) independently and in the same year reported on male specimens presumably associated with ‘Gomphus anormolobatus’, and later Belyshev and Kurentzov (1964) reported another so identified males. These specimens actually referred to T. nigripes (Belyshev 1973, Malikova 1995).

" 138183511,Sympetrum tibiale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,tibiale,,,,,"(Ris, 1897)", 138183537,Platycnemis phyllopoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,phyllopoda,,,,,"Djakonov, 1926","

Asahina (1949) synonymised Platycnemis ulmifolia Ris, 1930 and P. hummeli Sjostedt, 1932, as well as P. foliacea sensu Needham, 1930 et Navas, 1934, nec. Selys, 1886, to P. phyllopoda Djakonov, 1926.

" 55997823,Cervus canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Cervus,canadensis,,,,,"Erxleben, 1777","Although Grubb (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) included canadensis in C. elaphus sharing this conclusion with most taxonomists of 20th century, all original scientific papers published since 1995 have concluded that C. elaphus and C. canadensis are two valid species regardless of whether this conclusion was based on comparison of molecular (Kuwuyama and Ozawa 1999, Randi et al. 2001, Ludt et al. 2004, Pitra et al. 2004, Zhang and Zhang 2012, Liu et al. 2013, Lorenzini and Garofalo 2015), or ethological data (Cap et al. 2008, Frey and Riede 2013). Based on morphological data this was suggested earlier by several authors, e.g. Lydekker (1898), Flerov (1952) and Geist (1998) and both recent reviews on cervid taxonomy are in line with this opinion (Groves and Grubb 2011, Mattioli 2011).

A recent analysis (Lorenzini and Garofolo 2015) of the Cervus group has provided the first indications of another, third, species (aside from Cervus nippon). Mitochondrial complete cytochrome b and control region sequences were analysed under a Bayesian coalescent framework to derive phylogeny, with particular attention on populations from Central Asia. The resultant phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed that red deer is differentiated into two robust monophyletic clades corresponding to the western and eastern part of the range. At the species level, molecular data suggested a fourth species should be recognised, the Tarim Red Deer from Central Asia, including the populations from the Yarkand-Tarim and Bukhara regions and Indian Kashmir, which were formerly considered as subspecies of C. elaphus (C. e. yarkandensis, C.e. bactrianus and C.e. hanglu, respectively). The authors suggest this taxon should be recognised as the Tarim Red Deer (Cervus hanglu, Wagner 1844), as the name with priority over C. yarkandensis or C. bactrianus. Further investigations need to be conducted from additional molecular sources and nuclear coding genes as well as verification of morphology from museum specimens, before the elevation of this taxon to species level can be confirmed (Lorenzini and Garofalo 2015). We provisionally follow this taxonomy here for the purpose of the IUCN Red List assessment in 2016. However, it should be noted that future clarification on genetic relatedness, especially studies with nuclear markers and a more formal morphological description, may lead to further revisions to the taxonomy of the provisional species, C. hanglu, as more information becomes available.

C.c. macneilli and wallichii are included here as subspecies of C. canadensis, both are sometimes placed in the “primitive group” of elaphines (with hanglu) based on morphological characters (Geist 1998, Groves 2003, Wilson and Mittermeier 2011), although genetic data place these taxa with the C. canadensis group (Ludt et al. 2004, Lorenzini and Garofalo 2015).

The North American population of the Wapiti has been split into a number of subspecies by various authors, including manitobensis, nelsoni, roosevelti, nannodes, canadensis and merriam (e.g. Meredith et al. 2007, Speller et al. 2014). Polziehn et al. (1998) conducted a phylogenetic study of North American Wapiti and concluded that there is a slight difference between North American Wapiti populations, most likely due to the limited numbers of founders of these populations, but that Roosevelt Elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) and Tule Elk (C. c. nannodes) are monophyletic which supports their subspecific status. Polziehn et al. (2000) questioned the subspecific status of C. c. manitobensis and C. c. nelsoni following analysis of 11 populations of North American Elk for genetic diversity.

Here we recognise the subspecies and their distributions as follows:

C. c. canadensis – N America
C. c. alashanicus – N China
C. c. nannodes - California
C. c. roosevelti - Vancouver Island, Washington state and Oregon
C. c. sibiricus – NE Kazakhstan and N Xinjiang to S Siberia and N Mongolia
C. c. xanthopygus – SE Siberia, Russian Far East, Ussuriland, Manchuria
C. c. macneilli – Lydekker 1909 (Central and SW China (N Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, W Sichuan and E Xizang)
C. c. wallichii - G. Cuvier 1823 (SW China (SE Xizang), Bhutan)" 55997072,Cervus elaphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Cervus,elaphus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Although Grubb (in Wilson and Reeder 2005) included canadensis in C. elaphus sharing this conclusion with most taxonomists of 20th century, all original scientific papers published since 1995 have concluded that C. elaphus and C. canadensis are two valid species regardless of whether this conclusion was based on comparison of molecular (Kuwuyama and Ozawa 1999, Randi et al. 2001, Ludt et al. 2004, Pitra et al. 2004, Zhang and Zhang 2012, Liu et al. 2013, Lorenzini and Garofolo 2015), or ethological data (Cap et al. 2008, Frey and Riede 2013). Based on morphological data this was suggested earlier by several authors, e.g. Lydekker (1898), Flerov (1952) and Geist (1998) and both recent reviews on cervid taxonomy are in line with this opinion (Groves and Grubb 2011, Mattioli 2011).

A recent analysis of the Cervus group (Lorenzini and Garofolo 2015) has provided the first indications of another, third, species (aside from Cervus nippon). Mitochondrial complete cytochrome b and control region sequences were analysed under a Bayesian coalescent framework to derive phylogeny, with particular attention on populations from Central Asia. The resultant phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed that red deer is differentiated into two robust monophyletic clades corresponding to the western and eastern part of the range. At the species level, molecular data suggested a fourth species should be recognised, the Tarim Red Deer from Central Asia, including the populations from the Yarkand-Tarim and Bukhara regions and Indian Kashmir, which were formerly considered as subspecies of C. elaphus (C. e. yarkandensis, C.e. bactrianus and C. e. hanglu, respectively). The authors suggest this taxon should be recognised as the Tarim Red Deer (Cervus hanglu, Wagner 1844), as the name with priority over C. yarkandensis or C. bactrianus. Further investigations need to be conducted from additional molecular sources and nuclear coding genes as well as verification of morphology from museum specimens, before the elevation of this taxon to species level can be confirmed (Lorenzini and Garofalo 2015). We provisionally follow this taxonomy here for the purpose of the IUCN Red List assessment in 2016. However, it should be noted that future clarification on genetic relatedness, especially studies with nuclear markers and a more formal morphological description, may lead to further revisions to the taxonomy of the provisional species, C. hanglu, as more information becomes available.

Several subspecies of Western Red Deer have been recognized with their ranges as follows:
C. e. elaphus: Ireland, Great Britain, continental Europe
C. e. barbarus: Atlas Mountains (Algeria, Tunisia)
C. e. corsicanus: Corsica (extinct, reintroduced in 1985), Sardinia
C. e. maral: Anatolia,
C. e. italicus: Italy (Ferrara)
C. e. brauneri Crimea (Russia)
C. e. montanus (syn. Carpathicus) Carpathian Mountains

C. e. italicus (Mesola Red Deer) has been recently described as a new subspecies, based on morphological and genetic characteristics, from the Bosco Della Mesola Nature Reserve, which is thought to be the only autochthonous population of Red Deer in the Italian Peninsula (Zachos et al. 2014). This conclusion is supported by Lorenzini and Garofalo (2015). However, recent analyses call into question the veracity of the morphology-based subspecific taxonomy of C. elaphus more generally. Rather, three genetic lineages were clearly differentiated corresponding approximately with geographical factors. One lineage was distributed in central-western Europe (and also Ukraine), one from eastern Europe to the Middle East, and a third which corresponded to C. e. barbarus and C. e. corsicanus from North Africa and Sardinia, the latter two nomials are considered synonyms and were recommended considered as a subspecies (Lorenzini and Garofalo 2015). This work suggests that revision of the subspecific taxonomy of C. elaphus could be beneficial." 138181985,Pseudocopera tokyoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Pseudocopera,tokyoensis,,,,,"(Asahina, 1948)",Hybridization with Copera annulata is reported. 138180332,Calopteryx japonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Calopteryx,japonica,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 122150636,Mortonagrion selenion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,selenion,,,,,"(Ris, 1916)", 138180487,Paracercion plagiosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,plagiosum,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)", 50980636,Somatochlora exuberata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,exuberata,,,,,"Bartenev, 1910", 50980750,Somatochlora uchidai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,uchidai,,,,,"Förster, 1909","In Hokkaido, the hybridization with Somatochlora graeseri was reported." 50980753,Somatochlora viridiaenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,viridiaenea,,,,,"(Uhler, 1858)","

In the past large specimens were identified as different species (Somatochlora atrovirens), but recently the latter is treated as a junior synonym of viridiaenea.

" 138180558,Shaogomphus postocularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Shaogomphus,postocularis,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)",Morphological and genetic differences have been found between eastern and western populations in Japan. 138180570,Sieboldius albardae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,albardae,,,,,"Selys, 1886", 138180643,Stylurus annulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,annulatus,,,,,"(Djakonov, 1926)", 138180881,Lestes japonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,japonicus,,,,,"Selys, 1883", 138180885,Lestes temporalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,temporalis,,,,,"Selys, 1883", 62187,Leucorrhinia intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,intermedia,,,,,"Bartenev, 1912",The Japanese population is regarded as the subspecies ijimai. 167065,Orthetrum melania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,melania,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)","The Japanese populations are classified into three subspecies: nominotypical melania in mainland, ryukyuense in north and middle Ryukyu Archipelago, and yaeyamense in south Ryukyu Archipelago." 138180915,Sympetrum cordulegaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,cordulegaster,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)", 138180919,Sympetrum croceolum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,croceolum,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)", 138181719,Sympetrum kunckeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,kunckeli,,,,,"(Selys, 1884)", 138181892,Sympetrum uniforme,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,uniforme,,,,,"(Selys, 1883)", 125520729,Perissolestes flinti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,flinti,,,,,"De Marmels, 1988", 143137944,Leiocassis bekantan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,bekantan,,,,,"Ng & Tan, 2018", 811,Alcelaphus buselaphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Alcelaphus,buselaphus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","Following Gosling and Capellini (2013), and in contrast to Grubb (2005), this species is here considered to include both Red Hartebeest A. caama and Lichtenstein's Hartebeest A. lichtensteinii. A total of eight subspecies are recognized, of which Red Hartebeest occurs in the assessment region and possibly (see discussion below) Lichtenstein's Hartebeest. The eighth and nominate subspecies, the Bubal Hartebeest A. b. buselaphus, from North Africa is now Extinct (IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group 2016)." 57605,Scutiger adungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,adungensis,,,,,"Dubois, 1979",Records of Scutiger sikkimensis from northern Myanmar refer to this species. 143587355,Betta omega,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Betta,omega,,,,,"Tan & Ahmad, 2018", 163727,Euphaea subcostalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,subcostalis,,,,,"Sélys, 1873", 163885,Arrhenocnemis amphidactylis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Arrhenocnemis,amphidactylis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 122802148,Rhinocypha pallidifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,pallidifrons,,,,,"Ris, 1927","The only published record of this species is of the holotype female. However (Matti Hämäläinen personal communication 2019) ""Coll. Selys includes one male specimen which appears to be the undescribed male of pallidifrons. The specimen was collected by Elio Modigliani at ‘Si Rambi’, where he visited in Dec. 1890 – Jan. 1891.  I cannot locate the place, but it should be in mainland Sumatra."" The assessor has also been unable to locate this place." 143610049,Papuagrion rectangulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,rectangulare,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 143610794,Papuagrion rufipedum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,rufipedum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 143611155,Papuagrion spinicaudum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,spinicaudum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 143611309,Papuagrion stellimontanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,stellimontanum,,,,,"Orr & Kalkman, 2016", 143611625,Archboldargia gloriosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Archboldargia,gloriosa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 143611657,Archboldargia mirifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Archboldargia,mirifica,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 143611708,Archboldargia scissorhandsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Archboldargia,scissorhandsi,,,,,"Kalkman, 2007", 143612005,Macromidia atrovirens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,atrovirens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 143613507,Enneanectes flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,flavus,,,,,"Victor, 2019","Enneanectes flavus replaces E. matador in Venezuela, Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Tobago and up to St. Vincent, and both species occur at St. Vincent (Victor 2019)." 143613723,Scopelarchus stephensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SCOPELARCHIDAE,Scopelarchus,stephensi,,,,,Johnson 1974, 143614057,Protoblepharon mccoskeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Protoblepharon,mccoskeri,,,,,"Ho & Johnson, 2012", 143614074,Protoblepharon rosenblatti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BERYCIFORMES,ANOMALOPIDAE,Protoblepharon,rosenblatti,,,,,"Baldwin, Johnson & Paxton, 1997", 143614772,Neobythitoides serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,OPHIDIIDAE,Neobythitoides,serratus,,,,,"Nielsen & Machida, 2006", 143615567,Chiasmodon asper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Chiasmodon,asper,,,,,"Melo, 2009","There is taxonomic uncertainty associated with this recently described species. According to Prokofiev (2010), this species is a junior synonym of Chiasmodon lavenbergi." 143615229,Pseudogoniistius nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATRIDAE,Pseudogoniistius,nigripes,,,,,"(Richardson, 1850)","The family Cheilodactylidae has long been the subject of taxonomic debate. Cheilodactylus nigripes has been considered part of the subgenus Goniistius, however some authors defend it should be excluded from it (Burridge and White 2000). Recently, Ludt and colleagues (2019) performed extensive taxonomic sampling analyzing morphological characters and molecular data to resolve taxonomic issues with the families Cheilodactylidae and Latridae. It was concluded that this species belongs to the family Latridae and to the new, monotypic genus Pseudogoniistius; therefore, Pseudogoniistius nigripes (Richardson 1850) is a valid species (Ludt et al. 2019).
" 143615596,Chiasmodon lavenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Chiasmodon,lavenbergi,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2008","There is taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species. According to Melo (2009), Chiasmodon lavenbergi Prokofiev 2008, is a synonym of C. pluriradiatus Parr 1933." 143615692,Dysalotus pouliulii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Dysalotus,pouliulii,,,,,"Melo, 2017", 143615727,Pseudoscopelus bothrorrhinos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,bothrorrhinos,,,,,"Melo, Walker & Klepadlo, 2007","This species can be easily misidentified as Pseudoscopelus scutatus (Prokofiev and Kukuev 2007, Melo 2010)." 143615764,Pseudoscopelus cephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,cephalus,,,,,"Fowler, 1934","Pseudoscopelus cephalus is included in the P. scriptus species-groups along with P. cordilluminatus, P. obtusifrons, P. pierbartus, P. sagamianus and P. scriptus (Melo 2010). Recent reviews affirmed it is a valid species and have not identified further specimens beyond the holotype." 143615833,Pseudoscopelus lavenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,lavenbergi,,,,,"Melo, Walker & Klepadlo, 2007", 143615840,Pseudoscopelus odontoglossum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,odontoglossum,,,,,"Melo, 2010", 143615852,Pseudoscopelus parini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,parini,,,,,"Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006","According to Melo (2010), Pseudoscopelus parini and P. vityazi are the same species that was described twice using the same diagnostic characters. However, Prokofiev (2011) still regards P. vityazi as a valid species. According to Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, P. vityazi is currently considered a synonym of P. parini (Fricke et al. 2019); therefore, for the purposes of this Red List assessment, all records of P. vityazi will be treated as P. parini." 143615865,Pseudoscopelus paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHIASMODONTIDAE,Pseudoscopelus,paxtoni,,,,,"Melo, 2010","There is taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species. According to Prokofiev (2011), Pseudoscopelus paxtoni is a synonym of P. altipinnis. " 143616007,Enoplosus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ENOPLOSIDAE,Enoplosus,armatus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1790)", 143616254,Lipogramma idabeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GRAMMATIDAE,Lipogramma,idabeli,,,,,"Tornabene, Robertson & Baldwin, 2018", 143616537,Ostracoberyx dorygenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSTRACOBERYCIDAE,Ostracoberyx,dorygenys,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 143616581,Ostracoberyx fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSTRACOBERYCIDAE,Ostracoberyx,fowleri,,,,,"Matsubara, 1939", 143616584,Ostracoberyx paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSTRACOBERYCIDAE,Ostracoberyx,paxtoni,,,,,"Quéro & Ozouf-Costaz, 1991", 143616677,Anisochromis straussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Anisochromis,straussi,,,,,"Springer, Smith & Fraser, 1977", 143616873,Atractoscion atelodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atractoscion,atelodus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","This species was recently split from Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier 1830) (Song et al. 2017). Atractoscion atelodus Song, Kim & Kang 2017 is endemic to the eastern coasts of Australia while Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier 1830) occurs off South Africa. Therefore, literature referring to A. aequidens (Cuvier 1830) off Australia is actually A. atelodus Song, Kim & Kang 2017." 143617069,Atractoscion microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atractoscion,microlepis,,,,,"Song, Kim & Kang, 2017","This species was recently split from Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier 1830) (Song et al. 2017). Atractoscion microlepis Song, Kim & Kang 2017 is known from Oman while Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier 1830) occurs off South Africa. Therefore, literature referring to A. aequidens (Cuvier 1830) from the Arabian Sea is likely to be A. microlepis Song, Kim & Kang 2017." 143617239,Johnius majan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,majan,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Jawad & Al-Mamry, 2012", 143618198,Ophioscion gomezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Ophioscion,gomezi,,,,,"Cervigón, 2011", 143618728,Petilipinnis grunniens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Petilipinnis,grunniens,,,,,"(Jardine & Schomburgk, 1843)", 143618809,Plagioscion casattii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,casattii,,,,,"Aguilera & Rodrigues de Aguilera, 2001","This species may be a junior synonym of P. squamosissimus but this remain unclear (Casatti, 2005, N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2019)." 143618889,Plagioscion microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,microps,,,,,"Steindachner, 1917","This species is likely to be placed in the genus Nebris and thus be Nebris microps, not Plagioscion microps (Casatti 2005, N.L. Chao pers. comm 2019)." 143618975,Plagioscion pauciradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,pauciradiatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1917","The status of Plagioscion pauciradiatus Steindachner remains doubtful because the types were not located and the original descriptions are insufficient to allocate these species to any known species of Plagioscion (Casatti 2003, N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2019)." 143619418,Plagioscion ternetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Plagioscion,ternetzi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 143619704,Anthias asperilinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Anthias,asperilinguis,,,,,"Günther, 1859", 143620010,Enneanectes quadra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TRIPTERYGIIDAE,Enneanectes,quadra,,,,,"Victor, 2017", 143620640,Achirus zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Achirus,zebrinus,,,,,"Clark, 1936","Achirus zebrinus Clark 1936 was described on the basis of a single specimen. It was not until 1977, when Castro-Aguirre et al. listed a second capture for this species. And, in 1999, Castro-Aguirre et al. reported that this species was poorly represented in museum collections. They also commented that the taxonomic status of this nominal species is uncertain. Supporting this hypothesis is the fact that this species was not included in three major works on the fish fauna of the tropical eastern Pacific (Allen and Robertson 1994, Krupp 1995, Robertson and Allen 2015). However, numerous specimens identified as this species are listed in several ecological works on fishes of the Gulf of Tehuantepec (e.g. Tapia-García and Mendoza-Rodríguez 2005, Martinez-Muñoz et al. 2016) and some of these specimens are listed in museum databases (accessed via iDigBio portal, https://www.idigbio.org/, 2021 March). Provided that these ecological works have correctly identified specimens as Achirus zebrinus, then it appears that this species is more abundant than historical literature indicates and possibly that this species has a rather restricted distribution off southern Mexico." 143620739,Catathyridium garmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Catathyridium,garmani,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)", 143620778,Catathyridium grandirivi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Catathyridium,grandirivi,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1928)","Chabanaud (1928) described this nominal species on the basis of about 11 specimens taken from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In an unpublished dissertation, Ramos (1998) indicated that Catathyridium grandirivi is a junior, subjective synonym of C. garmani. This opinion has not been recognized by subsequent authors (e.g. Desoutter et al. 2001, Fricke et al. 2021). For the purposes of this assessment, C. grandirivi is treated as a valid species. Further work is needed to determine the taxonomic status of this nominal species." 143620895,Catathyridium lorentzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Catathyridium,lorentzii,,,,,"(Weyenbergh, 1877)", 143621023,Apionichthys asphyxiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Apionichthys,asphyxiatus,,,,,"(Jordan, 1889)",
 143621091,Apionichthys finis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Apionichthys,finis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 143621380,Achiropsetta tricholepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIROPSETTIDAE,Achiropsetta,tricholepis,,,,,"Norman, 1930", 143621420,Mancopsetta maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIROPSETTIDAE,Mancopsetta,maculata,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 143621599,Neoachiropsetta milfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIROPSETTIDAE,Neoachiropsetta,milfordi,,,,,"(Penrith, 1965)", 143621618,Pseudomancopsetta andriashevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIROPSETTIDAE,Pseudomancopsetta,andriashevi,,,,,"Evseenko, 1984", 16668,Peromyscus interparietalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,interparietalis,,,,,"Burt, 1932","There are three subspecies of the San Lorenzo Deermouse; Peromyscus interparietalis interparietalis, P. interparietalis lorenzi, and P. interparietalis ryckmany (Ruíz and Flores 2014)." 16659,Peromyscus eremicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,eremicus,,,,,"(Baird, 1858)","Populations occurring in southwestern California and northern Baja California have recently been considered to be a distinct species, P. fraterculus (Hafner et al. 2001, Riddle et al. 2000)." 16687,Peromyscus pseudocrinitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,pseudocrinitus,,,,,"Burt, 1932", 16690,Peromyscus slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Peromyscus,slevini,,,,,"Mailliard, 1924", 143695152,Rasbora arundinata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,arundinata,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2014", 143695205,Rasbora haru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,haru,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2014", 143695225,Rasbora bindumatoga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,bindumatoga,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2014", 143695241,Rasbora maninjau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,maninjau,,,,,"Lumbantobing, 2014", 22680482,Mergus octosetaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Mergus,octosetaceus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1817", 88108434,Chiroderma vizottoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Chiroderma,vizottoi,,,,,"Taddei & Lim, 2010", 143801679,Pronothobranchius seymouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Pronothobranchius,seymouri,,,,,"(Loiselle & Blair, 1971)","This species is distinguished from all congeners (P. kiyawensis, P. gambiensis and P. chirioi) by the following unique combination of characters: males with more than 50 spots on flank forming irregular stripes, irregular spots on proximal portion of anal fin, pectoral fin with spots, females with spots on the flank; dorsal fin with 15-17 rays (Valdesalici 2013)." 143801832,Pronothobranchius gambiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Pronothobranchius,gambiensis,,,,,"(Svensson, 1933)","This species is distinguished from other congeners (P. chioroi, P. kiyawensis and P. seymouri) by the following unique combination of characters: males with about 5-20 spots on flank, each being greater in diameter than the radius of the pupil, proximal stripe on anal fin, dorsal fin tip reaching centre of caudal peduncle, pelvic fin short, not reaching anus, females with dots on flank and fins; dorsal fin with 15-17 rays and 26-31 scales in median lateral series (Valdesalici 2013)." 143801912,Pronothobranchius kiyawensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Pronothobranchius,kiyawensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1928)","This species is distinguished from other congeners (P. chioroi, P. gambiensis and P. seymouri) by the following unique combination of characters: males with about 30 - 50 spots on flank, single proximal stripe on anal fin, dorsal fin tip reaching the caudal fin, pelvic fin reaching anus, females with dots on flank and fins; dorsal fin with 15-17 rays and 26-31 scales in median lateral series (Valdesalici 2013)." 154723,Anodontostoma selangkat,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Anodontostoma,selangkat,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","This species was previously confused with Anodontostoma chacunda." 154792,Anodontostoma thailandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Anodontostoma,thailandiae,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 155280,Thryssa gautamiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,gautamiensis,,,,,"Babu Rao, 1971", 166863,Thryssa hamiltonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,hamiltonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1835)","

Diagnosis:

  • Dorsal with 12-13 banched rays; anal with 37-43 branched rays; pectoral with 12-13 branched rays; pelvic with seven banched rays. 41-44 body along scales.
  • Body is long and very compressed. Short head. Snout is obtuse and short. Mouth extending to head.
  • One average dorsal fin with one small spine in anterior. Anal fin is long. Pectoral is quite large. Pelvic fin is small and short.
  • Scales are round and easy leave. Axillary scale in pectoral and pelvic fins. No lateral line.
  • Belly with 23 to 26 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus. Tip of snout above level of eye center, usually about level of upper rim of eye. Maxilla short or moderate; first supra-maxilla small, oval. A dark blotch behind upper part of gill opening.
" 166910,Tenualosa reevesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Tenualosa,reevesii,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 168454,Gudusia variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Gudusia,variegata,,,,,"(Day, 1870)",
 172456,Hilsa kelee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Hilsa,kelee,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Hilsa kelee was originally described as Clupea kelee by Cuvier (1829) from Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India." 180141,Stolephorus ronquilloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,ronquilloi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 180731,Clupeichthys goniognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeichthys,goniognathus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1855", 180921,Clupeichthys aesarnensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeichthys,aesarnensis,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983","

Clupeichthys aesarnensis may represent a species complex, due to observed morphological differences between specimens collected from distinct localities in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia.

" 181159,Clupeichthys perakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeichthys,perakensis,,,,,"(Herre, 1936)", 181215,Gonialosa modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Gonialosa,modesta,,,,,"(Day, 1870)", 181239,Gonialosa whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Gonialosa,whiteheadi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983",This species may be confused with G. modesta throughout its range (Whitehead 1985). 181262,Clupeoides borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeoides,borneensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1851", 183347,Sardinops sagax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinops,sagax,,,,,(Jenyns 1842),"Sardinops sagax has historically comprised five geographically isolated subpopulations that were given taxonomic names at some time in their history. There has been considerable confusion as to what rank these subpopulations should be recognized. The current version of the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2018) accepts three valid species within this complex: S. sagax (Jenyns 1842), S. melanosticta (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) and S. ocellatus (Pappe 1853). However, the most recent global analyses found no morphological or genetic differentiation between any of the five subpopulations (Parrish et al. 1989, Grant and Leslie 1996). Therefore, for the purposes of this assessment, we are treating S. sagax as a single species with five geographically isolated subpopulations." 183670,Opisthopterus effulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Opisthopterus,effulgens,,,,,(Regan 1903), 183742,Anchoa analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,analis,,,,,"(Miller, 1945)","Historically, the genetic level placement of this species has been confused in the literature. Currently, it is placed in the genus Anchoa (Miller 1945). However, in more recent taxonomic reviews of engraulids (e.g., Whitehead et al. 1988, Loeb et al. 2018) this species seems to be more appropriately placed within the genus Anchoviella. As this species is currently considered to be valid as Anchoa analis in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2018), for the purposes of this assessment, Anchoa analis will be used as the valid species name.
" 183885,Anchoa chamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,chamensis,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1943", 187944,Tenualosa toli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Tenualosa,toli,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","There is uncertainty about this species' geographical distribution, and taxonomic studies should be undertaken to confirm whether populations from Sundaic southeast Asia are conspecific with those from mainland southeast Asia. Currently, no evidence is available to support this species distribution outside of northwestern Borneo and it is considered that the existing records outside that region are erroneous and likely refer to Tenualosa ilisha or T. macrura (D. Milton pers. com. 2011). Therefore, for the purposes of the assessment, the distribution of Tenualosa toli is restricted to Sarawak, Malaysia." 188074,Sundasalanx praecox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,SUNDASALANGIDAE,Sundasalanx,praecox,,,,,"Roberts, 1981","

The presence of this species within the Mekong basin has been questioned; specimens recorded from the Mekong possibly refer to a still undescribed, new species, of Sundasalanx (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011). At least two species of Sundasalanx, if not more, are considered to be present within the Mekong basin; the occurrence of S. mekongensis is certain, while S. praecox is less certain, but is at least plausible. Furthermore, some of the records of S. praecox and S. mekongensis in the Mekong may be misidentified (C. Vidthayanon and W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011), which is not surprising if there are more than one species there.
It is possible that specimens identified as this species from the Mekong may pertain to another species; a specimen collected from the mouth of the Xebangfai has a rather different colour pattern with only half as many melanophores running along the base of the myotomes from the cleithrum to the vent as illustrated in Roberts (1981), and it also has a somewhat longer snout in a smaller specimen than is illustrated for larger specimens described as S. mekongensis and one would expect the opposite if they were of a single species. It also has a black spot at the insertion of the pectoral fin which is similar to that illustrated by Roberts (1981) in the original description of S. microps, another ""long snouted"" species not known from the Mekong (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011). Therefore, it is possible that S. praecox is limited to the Malay Peninsula and central Thailand, with records from the Mekong possibly referring to another species (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011).

For the purposes of this assessment, Sundasalanx praecox is treated as a species distributed within the Mekong River basin. Further taxonomic studies are recommended.

" 190179,Anchoviella perezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,perezi,,,,,"Cervigón, 1987","Anchiovella perezi was relatively recently described based on a small number of specimens collected at Laguna La Ceiba, Venezuela. It is morphologically similar to other freshwater engraulids in the region." 191213,Anchoa belizensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoa,belizensis,,,,,"(Thomerson & Greenfield, 1975)", 198583,Sprattus sprattus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sprattus,sprattus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Several sub-species of Sprattus sprattus have been recognized, which are distinguished by small differences, mainly in numbers of post-pelvic scutes; S. sprattus sprattus; S. sprattus phalericus (Mediterranean, Adriatic, Black Sea); S. sprattus balticus (Baltic Sea). The subspecies S. sprattus balticus ranges from southern Skagerrak, and Mecklenburg and Kiel Bays to Kvarken in the Gulf of Bothnia, and to Kornstadt in the Gulf of Finland (FAO 2017). However, no genetic evidence for a subspecies in the Baltic Sea or the occurrence of one subspecies in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea has been found (Debes et al. 2008). Rather, population analysis using the mT Control Region supported four genetically distinct groups of S. sprattus, which fall under two major phylogroups; Phylogroup 1: Northern group (Baltic Sea, North Sea and Bay of Biscay) and Gulf of Lyon group; and Phylogroup 2: Adriatic Sea group and Black Sea group (Bosporus and Black Sea: Debes et al. 2008). The Strait of Sicily, with water temperatures of 24-25 oC, acts as a dispersal barrier between eastern and Western Mediterranean." 201998,Setipinna brevifilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,brevifilis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1848)","This species is commonly confused with Setipinna phasa, which it co-occurs with (Whitehead et al. 1988)." 201999,Thryssa kammalensoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,kammalensoides,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 202000,Thryssa polybranchialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,polybranchialis,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 15522003,Sardinella rouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,rouxi,,,,,"(Poll, 1953)", 16466246,Sardinella brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","Separation of S. aurita from S. brasiliensis based on gill raker shape is tentative (Whitehead 1985). Sardinella brasiliensis may be a junior synonym of S. aurita (Whitehead 1985).  Purported differences in gill raker morphology between these two nominal species need to be confirmed.  More study is needed to evaluate the morphological and genetic differences between and among these populations in order to determine their taxonomic status (Whitehead 1985, Munroe 2002). Recent studies based on molecular data indicate that S. brasiliensis is a junior synonym of S. aurita (Mabragana et al. 2011, Stern et al. 2017) but this species is still recognized as valid (Eschmeyer et al. 2017). Sardinella janeiro (Eigenmann, 1894) has been erroneously applied for Sardinella brasiliensis in some older publications (Figueiredo et al. 2010). For the purposes of this assessment, Sardinella brasiliensis will be treated as valid." 46075248,Sardinella gibbosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,gibbosa,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)",Sardinella gibbosa is often confused with S. fimbriata in Indian waters (Whitehead 1985). There is at least one cryptic species present in the northern Philippines that has been called S. gibbosa (Thomas et al. 2014). 46075339,Sardinella sindensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,sindensis,,,,,"(Day, 1878)", 49830042,Pellona flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pellona,flavipinnis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","This species is part of a species complex that includes at least three species, which have yet to be formally recognized taxonomically (Di Dario 2013)." 75153777,Nematalosa japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,japonica,,,,,"Regan, 1917","Hybridization has occurred between N. come and N. japonica at Okinawa (Imai et al. 2009, Uehara et al. 2009)." 75153870,Sardinella fimbriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,fimbriata,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)",It is commonly misidentified which may make some of the data unreliable. 75154011,Sardinella jussieu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,jussieu,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)","Some confusion has existed regarding the geographical distribution of Sardinella jussieu because some authors placed S. dayi, which is known from southern India and Sri Lanka, into the synonymy of this species. Currently, both species are regarded as valid.  
Sardinella dayi was described from Karwar, India, and S. jussieu was described from Mauritius. Wongratana (1980) recognized both as valid species. Subsequently, S. dayi was considered a junior subjective synonym of S. jussieu (Whitehead 1985). More recently, S. dayi has been recognized as a valid species (e.g., Bijukumar and Sushama 2000, Mishra and Krishnan 2003). This hypothesis is also supported by the conclusions of Hata (pers. comm. 2018). Therefore, for purposes of this assessment, specimens collected off southern India and Sri Lanka are considered to be S. dayi. Specimens collected at insular localities in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mauritius, and Madagascar) are considered to be Sardinella jussieu." 75154879,Sardinella lemuru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,lemuru,,,,,"Bleeker, 1853","This species has been previously misidentified as Sardinella longiceps (Willette and Santos 2013). There may be a second undescribed species in the Philippines similar to S. lemuru (H. Hata unpublished data); however, further research is required for confirmation." 75155918,Stolephorus commersonnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,commersonnii,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803", 75156473,Thryssa kammalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,kammalensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)",

Records of this species from India may refer to the similar Thryssa kammalensoides (Whitehead et al. 1988).

91349787,Clupeichthys bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeichthys,bleekeri,,,,,"(Hardenberg, 1936)", 91350850,Coilia borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,borneensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852","Previous taxonomic confusion confounds earlier published literature regarding the distribution of this species. For example, Whitehead et al. (1988) note that reports of this species from Indian waters likely refer to C. reynaldi, a very similar species. Given the overall similarities among species of Coilia, there is a need for accurate identifications to better estimate the geographic range of this species." 91350867,Coilia coomansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,coomansi,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1934",Whitehead et al. (1988) report taxonomic confusion regarding identifications of this species. They note that perhaps all records since description of the species have been either compilations or misidentifications. 91350886,Coilia dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,dussumieri,,,,,"Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1848", 91351231,Setipinna melanochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,melanochir,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 91351277,Sundasalanx malletti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,SUNDASALANGIDAE,Sundasalanx,malletti,,,,,"Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert, 1997", 91351321,Sundasalanx megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,SUNDASALANGIDAE,Sundasalanx,megalops,,,,,"Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert, 1997", 91351350,Sundasalanx mesops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,SUNDASALANGIDAE,Sundasalanx,mesops,,,,,"Siebert & Crimmen, in Siebert, 1997", 91351407,Sundasalanx microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,SUNDASALANGIDAE,Sundasalanx,microps,,,,,"Roberts, 1981", 97758877,Sardinella dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,dayi,,,,,"Regan, 1917","Confusion exists regarding the taxonomic status and geographical distribution of Sardinella dayi. Sardinella dayi was described from Karwar, India, and S. jussieu was described from Mauritius. Wongratana (1980) recognized both as valid species. Subsequently, S. dayi was considered a junior subjective synonym of S. jussieu (Whitehead 1985). More recently, S. dayi has been recognized as a valid species (e.g., Bijukumar and Sushama 2000, Mishra and Krishnan 2003). This hypothesis is also supported by the conclusions of Hata (pers. comm. 2018). Therefore, for purposes of this assessment, specimens collected off southern India and Sri Lanka are considered to be S. dayi. Specimens collected at insular localities in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mauritius, and Madagascar) are considered to be Sardinella jussieu." 97759908,Spratelloides lewisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Spratelloides,lewisi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983",This species may be misidentified as Spratelloides gracilis and S. delicatus. 98470072,Alosa pontica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,pontica,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1838)","The validity of Alosa pontica is questioned in the literature. Some refer to this species as a synonym of A. immaculata (Kottelat 1997, Bogutskaya and Naseka 2004, Parin et al. 2014); others recognize it to be a valid species (Svetovidov 1973, Whitehead et al. 1984, Whitehead 1985, Hoestlandt 1991, Kolarov 1991, Coad 1995, Vasil'eva 1996, Reshetnikov et al. 1997, Dorofeeva 1998, Coad 1998, Bilecenoglu et al. 2002, Vassilev and Pehlivanov 2005, Eschmeyer et al. 2017).  For the purposes of this assessment, Alosa pontica will will be treated as valid.


" 98471256,Clupeoides venulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeoides,venulosus,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1912", 98471289,Clupeonella engrauliformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeonella,engrauliformis,,,,,"(Borodin, 1904)", 98471433,Clupeonella grimmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeonella,grimmi,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 98471539,Clupeonella muhlisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupeonella,muhlisi,,,,,"Neu, 1934","This species was considered a synonym of Clupeonella abrau until the early 1990’s (Whitehead 1985) when it was recognized as a valid sub-species of Clupeonella abrau by three authors in the 1990’s (Mogil’chenko 1991, Reshetnikov et al. 1997, Dorofeeva 1998). It was later recognized as a valid species after 2007 (Fricke et al. 2007)." 98471684,Corica laciniata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Corica,laciniata,,,,,"Fowler, 1935", 98471714,Dorosoma chavesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dorosoma,chavesi,,,,,"Meek, 1907", 98735411,Thryssa whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,whiteheadi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 98836352,Sardinella tawilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,tawilis,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)","Sardinella tawilis is the only freshwater species of Sardinella and is closely related to the marine sister-species, S. hualiensis (Willette et. al. 2014). A recent genetic study indicates that S. tawilis  diverged from S. hualiensis in the late Pleistocene, prior to the formation of Taal Lake in the 18th century (Willette et al. 2014)." 98842673,Tenualosa macrura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Tenualosa,macrura,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 98893713,Coilia macrognathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,macrognathos,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852", 98894402,Coilia mystus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,mystus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Coilia mystus is easily confused with the co-occurring C. nasus (Whitehead et al. 1988). 98895427,Coilia nasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,nasus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1846","The scientific name of this species has been contested in the past. In China, it has been referred to by Coilia ectenes (Whitehead et al. 1988).

There are taxonomic uncertainties surrounding the species of Coilia present in China, Korea, and Japan. For the purposes of this assessment, we are treating C. nasus as being distributed in China, Korea, and Japan, as treated in Whitehead et al. (1988)." 98897391,Coilia ramcarati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,ramcarati,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 98899338,Coilia rebentischii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,rebentischii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1858", 98899826,Coilia reynaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Coilia,reynaldi,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1848",This species can easily be confused with Coilia borneensis (Whitehead et al. 1988). 98953869,Engraulis australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,australis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1790)","The most recent global analysis of the world's clupeoid fishes treated Engraulis australis (Shaw 1790) as valid (Whitehead et al. 1988), but noted the similarities between this species and the four other Old World anchovies, E. capensis Gilchrist 1913, E. encrasicolus (Linnaeus 1758), E. eurystole (Swain & Meek 1884) and E. japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1846; further taxonomic study may conclude that these five similar species which are treated as valid are perhaps one species with five geographically isolated subpopulations (Whitehead et al. 1988). As this species is currently considered valid in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2018), for the purposes of this assessment Engraulis australis is considered a valid species distributed along the southern coast of Australia and off New Zealand.


" 98962403,Engraulis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,capensis,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1913","The validity of this species is uncertain according to the literature (Whitehead, 1985). Engraulis capensis Gilchrist 1913 was originally described from South Africa with no type specimen known. This species has previously been considered a junior synonym of E. japonicas Temminck & Schlegel 1846 by Whitehead and Wongratana (1986) and E. encrasicolus (Linnaeus 1758) by Whitehead (1990). The most recent global analysis of the world's clupeoid fishes treated this species as valid (Whitehead et al. 1988), but noted the similarities between these three species and two other Old World anchovies, E. eurystole (Swain & Meek 1884) and E. australis (Shaw 1790); further taxonomic study may conclude that these five similar species which are treated as valid are perhaps one species with five geographically isolated subpopulations (Whitehead et al. 1988). However, as all five species in the encrasicolus group (E. australis, E. capensis, E. encrasicolus, E. eurystole and E. japonicus) are currently considered valid in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2018), for the purposes of this assessment, Engraulis capensis is considered a valid species distributed along the southern coast of Africa." 98969433,Engraulis japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,japonicus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1846","The most recent global analysis of the world's clupeoid fishes treated Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1846 as valid (Whitehead et al. 1988), but noted the similarities between this species and the four other Old World anchovies, E. australis (Shaw 1790), E. capensis Gilchrist 1913, E. encrasicolus (Linnaeus 1758) and E. eurystole (Swain & Meek 1884); further taxonomic study may conclude that these five similar species which are treated as valid are perhaps one species with five geographically isolated subpopulations (Whitehead et al. 1988). As this species is currently considered valid in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2018), for the purposes of this assessment Engraulis japonicus is considered a valid species distributed off the coasts of Japan, Korea and Taiwan as well as parts of China and Russia; records of this species in the western Indian Ocean (e.g., Madagascar) are considered to be in reference to E. capensis.
" 98990237,Setipinna paxtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,paxtoni,,,,,"Wongratana, 1987", 98992607,Setipinna wheeleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Setipinna,wheeleri,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 99079982,Thryssa chefuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,chefuensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1874)", 99080026,Thryssa dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,dayi,,,,,"Wongratana, 1983", 99085827,Thryssa malabarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,malabarica,,,,,"(Bloch, 1795)", 99086293,Thryssa purava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,purava,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 99086401,Thryssa rastrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,rastrosa,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 99086953,Thryssa spinidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,spinidens,,,,,"(Jordan & Seale, 1925)", 99093789,Sundasalanx platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,SUNDASALANGIDAE,Sundasalanx,platyrhynchus,,,,,"Siebert & Crimmen, 1997", 99167147,Etrumeus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,acuminatus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890","

Randall and DiBattista (2012) proposed Etrumeus acuminatus as a valid species. According to the Catalog of Fishes, the name was valid in Eschmeyer and Herald (1983); but not in Whitehead (1985). This species was considered Etrumes teres, but was changed back to the older name Etrumeus sadina. All accounts of either Etrumeus teres or E. sadina in the eastern Pacific are most likely Etrumeus acuminatus (Randall and DiBattista 2012). DiBattista et al. (2014) provided molecular evidence that this species is valid and distinct from other species of Etrumeus from the Pacific Ocean.


" 99167321,Etrumeus golanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,golanii,,,,,"DiBattista, Randall & Bowen, 2012",

This species was recently separated from Etrumeus sadina (Dibattista et al. 2012) which was previously recognized as E. teres by Whitehead (1985).

99167483,Etrumeus wongratanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Etrumeus,wongratanai,,,,,"DiBattista, Randall & Bowen, 2012"," This species was recently recognized as a species separated from E. sadina and E. whiteheadi off the coast of eastern Africa (DiBattista et al. 2012) which was previously recognized as E. teres by Whitehead (1985). This species is very similar to E. golanii (DiBattista et al. 2012). E. wongratanai can be easily separated from E. sadina based on vertebral counts (52-53 vs. 49, respectively: DiBattista et al. 2012)." 114164094,Sardinella goni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,goni,,,,,"Stern, Rinkevich & Goren, 2016", 123361228,Amblygaster indiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Amblygaster,indiana,,,,,"Mary, Balasubramanian, Selvaraju & Shiny, 2017", 129294756,Anchoviella sanfranciscana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,sanfranciscana,,,,,"Barbosa, Gomes da Silva, da Rocha Araújo & Carvalho, 2017", 129294973,Anchoviella hernanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,hernanni,,,,,"Loeb, Varella & Menezes, 2018", 143819109,Arnoglossus andrewsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,andrewsi,,,,,"Kurth, 1954", 143819132,Arnoglossus armstrongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,armstrongi,,,,,"Scott, 1975",This nominal species has previously been considered a junior synonym of Arnoglossus muelleri (Gomon et al. 1994) and its status remains questionable (KA pers. comm. 2019). More research is needed to determine the validity of this species. 143819237,Arnoglossus bassensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,bassensis,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 143819267,Arnoglossus coeruleosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,coeruleosticta,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1898)",The generic placement of this species is uncertain (K. Amaoka pers. comm. 2019). It was originally described in the genus Paralichthys (Steindachner 1898) but was later placed in Arnoglossus (Pequeno and Lamilla 2000). 143819319,Arnoglossus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,elongatus,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 143819428,Arnoglossus fisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,fisoni,,,,,"Ogilby, 1898", 143819432,Arnoglossus kotthausi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,kotthausi,,,,,"Klausewitz & Schneider, 1986",Arnoglossus kotthausi was designated as a replacement name for Arnoglossus profundus Kotthaus 1977 (Klausewitz and Schneider 1986). 143819473,Arnoglossus marisrubri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,marisrubri,,,,,"Klausewitz & Schneider, 1986", 143819484,Arnoglossus micrommatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,micrommatus,,,,,"Amaoka, Arai & Gomon, 1997", 143819504,Arnoglossus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,muelleri,,,,,"(Klunzinger, 1872)", 143819526,Arnoglossus multirastris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,multirastris,,,,,"Parin, 1983", 143819535,Arnoglossus nigrofilamentosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,nigrofilamentosus,,,,,"Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017",The status of this recently-described species is uncertain (K. Amaoka pers. comm. 2019). 143819551,Arnoglossus sayaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,sayaensis,,,,,"Amaoka & Imamura, 1990", 143819655,Arnoglossus scapha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,scapha,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)", 143819673,Arnoglossus waitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,waitei,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 143819705,Arnoglossus yamanakai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,yamanakai,,,,,"Fukui, Yamada & Ozawa, 1988", 143819743,Bothus assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,assimilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 143819776,Bothus ellipticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,ellipticus,,,,,"(Poey, 1860)","This species is regarded as valid by some authors; however, others consider it to be a synonym of Bothus maculiferus (Poey 1860) (Munroe 2002). Poey (1860) described Bothus ellipticus and Bothus maculiferus in the same publication and identified them as separate species." 143819799,Bothus thompsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,thompsoni,,,,,"(Fowler, 1923)", 143819808,Bothus tricirrhitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,tricirrhitus,,,,,"Kotthaus, 1977","

The taxonomic status of this nominal species is uncertain. D. Hensley considered Bothus tricirrhitus a synonym of B. pantherinus (in litt., Manilo and Bogorodsky 2003), but no formal taxonomic revision has been published.

" 143819821,Chascanopsetta elski,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,elski,,,,,"Foroshchuk, 1991", 143819884,Chascanopsetta megagnatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,megagnatha,,,,,"Amaoka & Parin, 1990", 143819918,Chascanopsetta micrognatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,micrognatha,,,,,"Amaoka & Yamamoto, 1984", 143820044,Chascanopsetta novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,novaeguineae,,,,,"Tongboonkua, Lee & Chen, 2018","The status of this recently-described species, known only from the type series, is uncertain. More research is needed to verify the validity of this nominal species (K. Amaoka pers. comm. 2019)." 143820074,Chascanopsetta prognatha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,prognatha,,,,,"Norman, 1939",This species is often referred to as Chascanopsetta prognathus. 143820125,Crossorhombus azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Crossorhombus,azureus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)","

This may be the senior synonym of Crossorhombus kanekonis and of Engyrosopon kanekonis (Hensley and Randall 1993, Shao et al. 2008).

" 143820171,Crossorhombus howensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Crossorhombus,howensis,,,,,"Hensley & Randall, 1993", 143820315,Crossorhombus kobensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Crossorhombus,kobensis,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1906)","

Scaeops ui Tanaka 1918, reported as Engyprosopon ui (Tanaka 1918), is a junior synonym of Crossorhombus kobensis (Hensley and Amaoka 2001).

" 143820459,Engyprosopon annulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,annulatum,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)","

The nominal species Anticitharus annulatus Weber 1913 was historically considered a junior synonym of Asterorhombus intermedius (Bleeker 1866). It was recognized as a valid species in the genus Asterorhombus by Amoaka and Mihara (2001), but during the generic revision of Asterorhombus (Hensley 2005), it was transferred to the genus Engyprosopon. However, its general appearance is different from most species of Engyprosopon and its generic placement remains in question (Hensley 2005).

" 143820481,Engyprosopon bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,bleekeri,,,,,"(Macleay, 1881)","

This species was originally described as Arnoglossus bleekeri Macleay 1881 based on a young specimen (Amaoka and Arai 1998). It was later placed in the genus Asterorhombus (Hensley and Randall 2003), but during the generic revision of Asterorhombus it was transferred to the genus Engyprosopon (Hensley 2005).

" 143820504,Engyprosopon brevifrontale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,brevifrontale,,,,,"Amaoka & Ho, 2018", 143820549,Engyprosopon filimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,filimanus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 143820674,Engyprosopon filipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,filipennis,,,,,"Wu & Tang, 1935", 143820719,Engyprosopon hensleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,hensleyi,,,,,"Amaoka & Imamura, 1990", 143820764,Engyprosopon kushimotoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,kushimotoense,,,,,"Amaoka, Kaga & Misaki, 2008", 143820839,Engyprosopon mogkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,mogkii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 143820882,Engyprosopon multisquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,multisquama,,,,,"Amaoka, 1963", 143820976,Engyprosopon obliquioculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,obliquioculatum,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 143821071,Engyprosopon osculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,osculus,,,,,"(Amaoka & Arai, 1998)","This species was originally described as Asterorhombus osculus Amaoka and Arai 1998, and later transferred to Engyprosopon, when the genus Asterorhombus was redefined (Hensley and Randall 2003, Hensley 2005)." 143825261,Engyprosopon parvipectorale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,parvipectorale,,,,,"Amaoka & Ho, 2018", 143825390,Engyprosopon praeteritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,praeteritus,,,,,"(Whitley, 1950)","This species was originally described as the subspecies Arnoglossus aspilos praeteritus Whitley 1950, and later considered a junior synonym of Arnoglossus aspilos (Amaoka and Last 2014)." 143825410,Engyprosopon regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyprosopon,regani,,,,,"Hensley & Suzumoto, 1990", 143825464,Grammatobothus krempfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Grammatobothus,krempfi,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1929","The validity of Grammatobothus krempfi Chabanaud 1929 is questionable. This nominal species was described on the basis of a single specimen taken in the South China Sea off Con Son Island, southeastern Viet Nam (Chabanaud 1929). This appears to be the only record for this species for which there is a voucher specimen. Records from Taiwan (Shen 1983, 1993; Li and Wang 1995; Hensley and Amaoka 2001; Shao et al. 2008; Shen and Wu 2012) are questionable, because at least one is based on a misidentification and for the other records, no voucher specimens exist to verify the identifications of these specimens (Amaoka and Ho 2019). Further specimens are needed to validate the taxonomic status of this nominal species." 143825748,Kamoharaia megastoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Kamoharaia,megastoma,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1936)", 143825819,Laeops lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,lanceolata,,,,,"Franz, 1910","Uncertainty has surrounded the taxonomic status of Laeops lanceolata Franz 1910. This nominal species was synonymized with Laeops kitaharae by Amaoka (1969). Later authors (e.g., Li and Wang 1995, Voronina 2016) treated L. lanceolata as valid; however, in a personal communication, Amaoka (2019) still maintained that L. lanceolata was not a valid species. In the most recent revision of the genus Laeops by Voronina et al. (2020), Laeops lanceolata is considered to be a valid species. Additionally, L. kitaharae was placed in the synonymy of L. parviceps. These decisions are followed herein." 143825838,Laeops macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)", 143825997,Laeops nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,nigrescens,,,,,"Lloyd, 1907", 143826089,Laeops parviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Laeops,parviceps,,,,,"Günther, 1880","Ho et al. (2009) determined that the type series of Laeops tungkongensis Chen and Weng 1965 could be identified as L. clarus Fowler 1934 using the taxonomic key of Hensley and Amaoka (2001). However, as Ho et al. (2009) were unable to examine the type series of L. clarus, they made no further comparisons and made the taxonomic decision to regard L. tungkongensis as valid.

Later, Amaoka and Ho (2019) examined types of Laeops tungkongensis Chen and Weng 1965 and Laeops kitaharae Smith and Pope 1906. They determined L. tungkongensis to be a junior subjective synonym of L. kitaharae.

Voronina et al. (2020), in a revision of the genus Laeops, examined types of L. tungkongensis and L. clarus and determined that L. tungkongensis Chen and Weng 1965 is a junior synonym of L. clarus Fowler 1934. They also determined that L. kitaharae Smith and Pope 1906 is a junior synonym of L. parviceps Günther 1880. These conclusions are followed herein.

Laeops parviceps Günther 1880 was described based on three specimens collected during the voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger in 1873-1876. Voronina et al. (2020) determined that two of the three syntypes, collected off Twofold Bay, New South Wales, Australia, were not members of the genus Laeops; thus, Voronina et al. (2020) designated the third syntype (BMNH 1879.5.14.98), collected in the Arafura Sea, as the lectotype of Laeops parviceps." 143826195,Lophonectes gallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Lophonectes,gallus,,,,,"Günther, 1880","Species of Lophonectes exhibit ontogentic and sexually dimorphic variation (Munroe 2015). Lophonectes mongonuiensis has been considered a junior synonym of L. gallus, but differs in meristic and morphological characters and is therefore considered a valid species (Munroe 2015)." 143826326,Lophonectes mongonuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Lophonectes,mongonuiensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)","Species of Lophonectes exhibit ontogentic and sexually dimorphic variation (Munroe 2015). Lophonectes mongonuiensis has been considered a junior synonym of L. gallus, but differs in meristic and morphological characters and is therefore considered a valid species (Munroe 2015)." 143826377,Monolene danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,danae,,,,,"Bruun, 1937","This nominal species was described from a single specimen collected pelagically in the Gulf of Panama (Bruun 1937). Evseenko (1999) considered it to be a junior subjective synonym of Monolene maculipinna; however, Amaoka and Imamura (2000) consider it a valid species. Further work is needed to clarify the status of this nominal species." 143827893,Parabothus amaokai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,amaokai,,,,,"Parin, 1983", 143827988,Parabothus budkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,budkeri,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1943)",The taxonomic status of this nominal species remains uncertain. Bogorodsky and Randall (2018) considered this species to be a junior synonym of Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell 1830) while Golani and Fricke (2018) and Fricke et al. (2019) consider it a valid species. Further research is needed to determine the status of this species. 143828203,Parabothus malhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,malhensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 143828232,Parabothus polylepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,polylepis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)", 143828274,Parabothus taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,taiwanensis,,,,,"Amaoka & Shen, 1993", 143838560,Psettina filimana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,filimana,,,,,"Li & Wang, 1982", 143844058,Psettina gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,gigantea,,,,,"Amaoka, 1963", 143844102,Psettina multisquamea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,multisquamea,,,,,"Fedorov & Foroshchuk, 1988", 143844125,Psettina profunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,profunda,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 143844209,Psettina senta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,senta,,,,,"Amaoka & Larson, 1999", 143844248,Psettina tosana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,tosana,,,,,"Amaoka, 1963", 143844258,Psettina variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,variegata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 143844300,Tosarhombus nielseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Tosarhombus,nielseni,,,,,"Amaoka & Rivaton, 1991", 143844335,Tosarhombus octoculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Tosarhombus,octoculatus,,,,,"Amaoka, 1969", 196673,Alosa chrysochloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,chrysochloris,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 181712,Congothrissa gossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Congothrissa,gossei,,,,,"Poll, 1964", 18124888,Engraulis albidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,albidus,,,,,"Borsa, Collet & Durand, 2004","

There is controversy whether this species is a valid species or an ecomorph of E. encrasicolus (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2013).  Since the species was first described in 2004 based on its genetic and morphological distinctness from sympatric E. encrasicolus, new surveys have confirmed its validity. The new data include a nuclear DNA study by Bouchenak-Khelladi et al. (2008) which revealed a complex of three species in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean region (namely, E. encrasicolus, E. albidus, and a third anchovy species from the Canary islands and Alboran Sea); a nuclear-DNA and morphometric study by Karahan et al. 2014) which reported E. albidus from southern Turkey and distinguished it from the pelagic species occurring there (E. cf encrasicolus).

There are clearly two ecomorphs, but the morphological and habitat differences correspond to clearcut genetic differences at nuclear loci (Borsa 2002; Borsa et al. 2004; Bouchenak-Khelladi et al. 2008; Karahan et al. 2014; Le Moan et al. 2016). However, it is currently considered a valid species in the Catalog of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). For the purposes of this assessment, Engraulis albidus is considered a valid species distributed in coastal waters of the northern Mediterranean Sea. 

" 46075359,Ilisha compressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Ilisha,compressa,,,,,"Randall, 1994", 196674,Neoopisthopterus cubanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Neoopisthopterus,cubanus,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1948", 167946,Odaxothrissa mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Odaxothrissa,mento,,,,,"(Regan, 1917)", 182254,Potamothrissa whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Potamothrissa,whiteheadi,,,,,"Poll, 1974", 182664,Thrattidion noctivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Thrattidion,noctivagus,,,,,"Roberts, 1972", 180955,Batasio fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,fluviatilis,,,,,"(Day, 1888)","The species has been identified as its junior synonyms (B. havmolleri) or mistakenly thought to be a junior synonym of B. affinis in earlier literature (Ng and Kottelat 2001), until its identity was clarified by Ng and Kottelat (2008)." 143816730,Hemicordulia toxopei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,toxopei,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1926", 195085,Symphurus trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,trewavasae,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1948","Symphurus trewavasae Chabanaud 1948 was described from specimens collected off Cape Frio, Brazil. In his revision of western Atlantic Symphurus, Ginsburg (1951) suggested that S. trewavasae was possibly not distinct from S. plagiusa (Linnaeus 1776). Subsequent authors (Menezes and Benvengú 1976, Munroe 1998) provided data warranting recognition of these as distinct species." 144135467,Etmopterus benchleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,benchleyi,,,,,"Vásquez, Ebert & Long, 2015", 144137478,Carcharhinus cerdale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,cerdale,,,,,"Gilbert, 1898","Castro (2011) resurrected Carcharhinus cerdale, considering it distinct from Carcharhinus porosus. Carcharhinus cerdale is restricted to the Eastern Pacific and C. porosus to the Western Atlantic." 144151831,Ginglymostoma unami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE,Ginglymostoma,unami,,,,,"Del Moral-Flores, Ramíz-Antonio, Angulo & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2015",Morales-Flores et al. (2015) described Ginglymostoma unami as distinct from Ginglymostoma cirratum. Ginglymostoma unami is restricted to the Eastern Pacific and G. cirratum to the Atlantic. 144152304,Bythaelurus giddingsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Bythaelurus,giddingsi,,,,,"McCosker, Long & Baldwin, 2012", 144153067,Notoraja martinezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,martinezi,,,,,"Concha, Ebert & Long, 2016", 144161826,Dipturus brevicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,brevicaudatus,,,,,"(Marini, 1933)",The Shorttail Yellownose Skate (Dipturus brevicaudatus) was split out from the former species concept of Zearaja chilensis (Gabbanelli et al. 2018). Concha et al. (2019) re-described Zearaja chilensis as Dipturus chilensis and subsumed the genus Zearaja Whitley 1939 as a junior synonym of Dipturus Rafinesque 1810. 144162359,Urobatis pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urobatis,pardalis,,,,,"Del Moral-Flores, Angula, López & Bussing, 2015", 144163683,Styracura pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,POTAMOTRYGONIDAE,Styracura,pacifica,,,,,"(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)", 144201289,Mystus gulio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,gulio,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Mystus gulio was described from the higher parts of the Gangetic estuary by Hamilton (1822). Although it is often regarded as a species widely distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia, there is some evidence to indicate that the populations from Southeast Asia constitute one or more species that are distinct from populations in the Indian subcontinent (H.H. Ng pers. comm.). A taxonomic reappraisal of this species based on material from throughout its entire distribution is badly needed." 181359,Sotalia guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Sotalia,guianensis,,,,,"(Van Bénéden, 1864)","

Two species are recognized in the genus Sotalia: S. guianensis, the Guiana Dolphin, and S. fluviatilis, the Tucuxi. They are very similar in appearance and the genus was long considered monotypic. Two issues concerning the taxonomy of the dolphins in particular parts of the range of the genus deserve mention.

First, there is some uncertainty about the taxonomic status and range of Guiana Dolphins in the Orinoco River. There are frequent records of Sotalia at Ciudad Bolívar, some 300 km upstream from the river mouth. Such records are suspected to correspond to S. guianensis (da Silva and Best 1996, Meade and Koehnken 1991, Flores and da Silva 2009, da Silva et al. 2010). It is generally assumed that Sotalia dolphins cannot traverse the rapids at the Casiquiare Channel, which connects the Orinoco and Amazon basins (da Silva and Best 1996). This barrier has existed since the uplift of the Mérida Cordillera (10 million years ago; Lundberg et al. 1998), which predates the divergence of the two species of Sotalia (Cunha et al. 2005, Caballero et al. 2007, 2008). Thus, Sotalia in the Middle Orinoco are likely to be an isolated population of Guiana Dolphins (da Silva et al. 2010, Cunha et al. 2010). Seven animals from the Orinoco all possessed the same mitochondrial DNA sequences and had an estimated divergence from S. guianensis of 640,000 years ago (Caballero et al. 2017). Caballero et al. (2017) suggested that the Orinoco River animals belong to an independent population unit isolated from other coastal populations and worthy of separate conservation and management efforts.

The second issue relates to the taxonomic status of Sotalia dolphins from the southern freshwater portion of Maracaibo Lake. Those individuals are morphologically different from the marine Sotalia that inhabit the northern portion of the lake, adjacent to the Gulf of Venezuela. Dolphins from southern Maracaibo are smaller than marine Sotalia and about the same size as S. fluviatilis (Casinos et al. 1981, da Silva and Best 1996, León 2005). However, there is no connection between Maracaibo Lake and the known present-day range of riverine Sotalia, and the lake has been isolated from the Amazon basin for the last 8-10 million years (Hoorn et al. 1995, Días de Gamero 1996 cited in Cunha et al. 2010). The morphological distinctiveness of the southern Maracaibo Lake Sotalia population could be a result of phenotypic plasticity, unlike the difference between S. guianensis and S. fluviatilis. However, it may also indicate a lack of gene flow with the marine Sotalia from the mouth of the lake and the Gulf of Venezuela. Indeed, Caballero et al. (2006) observed some exclusive haplotypes in samples from the lake, but they did not consider this to signify a species-level difference. All haplotypes in Maracaibo Lake were S. guianensis (Caballero et al. 2017) with one of those being most closely related to the single haplotype found in the Orinoco River. Both of the populations here—in Maracaibo Lake and the Orinoco River—would meet the IUCN definition of a subpopulation.

" 144232525,Oophaga solanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,solanensis,,,,,"Posso-Terranova & Andrés, 2018",This species was removed from the synonymy of Oophaga histrionica by Posso-Terranova and Andrés (2018). 144232997,Oophaga anchicayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,anchicayensis,,,,,"Posso-Terranova & Andrés, 2018",This species was removed from the synonymy of Oophaga histrionica by Posso-Terranova and Andrés (2018). 144233018,Oophaga andresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,andresi,,,,,"Posso-Terranova & Andrés, 2018",This species was removed from the synonymy of Oophaga histrionica by Posso-Terranova and Andrés (2018). 144292566,Bachia alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,alleni,,,,,"(Barbour, 1914)","Bachia alleni has variously been treated as a subspecies of B. heteropa (Dixon 1973) or a full species (Donoso-Barros 1968) in historical literature. It was re-elevated to specific status by Kohlsdorf and Wagner (2006) and this was accepted by Henderson and Powell (2018), but its relationship with a form found in Trinidad and Tobago (treated as the subspecies B. h. triniatis or B. a. trinitatis) remained unresolved. Murphy et al. (in press) revised the B. heteropa complex using both morphological and molecular data, confirming that B. alleni from Grenada and the Grenadines is distinct from both B. heteropa and B. trinitatis. These authors note that the taxonomic status of two specimens from Bequia Island requires further investigation, but these are provisionally retained within B. alleni here following Murphy et al. (2019). These authors also examined the status of the neglected name Scolecosaurus alleni parviceps, and concluded that pending further research it should be considered a junior synonym of B. alleni. Murphy et al. (2019) also discuss the nomenclatural history of Brachypus cuvieri Fitzinger 1826, an enigmatic name that may represent a senior synonym of either B. alleni or B. trinitatis, and propose that B. cuvieri should be considered a nomen dubium due to uncertainty over the true identity of this specimen." 144315107,Bachia beebei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,beebei,,,,,"Murphy, Salvi, Santos, Braswell, Charles, Borrzee & Jowers, 2019",This species was described by Murphy et al. (2019) based on specimens previously identified as hybrids between Bachia heteropa heteropa and B. h. trinitatis. 144318961,Bachia marcelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,marcelae,,,,,"Donoso-Barros & Garrido, 1964","Murphy et al. (2019) elevated Bachia marcelae, previously a subspecies of B. heteropa, to a full species based on morphological differences." 144318993,Bachia whitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,whitei,,,,,"Murphy, Salvi, Santos, Braswell, Charles, Borrzee & Jowers, 2019",Murphy et al. (2019) described Bachia whitei based on specimens from Tobago previously assigned to B. flavescens. 144319517,Bachia lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,lineata,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903","Murphy et al. (2019) elevated Bachia lineata, previously a subspecies of B. heteropa, to a full species based on morphological differences. These authors uphold the action by Burt and Burt (1933) in regarding B. anomala as a junior synonym of B. lineata in the absence of sufficient morphological data to reevaluate its taxonomic status, but suspect that it may warrant recognition as a separate species as first proposed by Shreve (1947)." 178323,Leiocephalus melanochlorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,melanochlorus,,,,,"Cope, 1863","This species has two subspecies:
Leiocephalus melanochlorus melanochlorus Cope, 1863
Leiocephalus m. hysistus Schwartz, 1965." 199593,Stenodactylus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,arabicus,,,,,"(Haas, 1957)", 99929100,Draco blanfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Draco,blanfordii,,,,,"Blanford, 1878","The taxonomic status of Draco norvilii was considered doubtful by Musters (1983), who elected to treat it as a subspecies of Draco blanfordii. McGuire et al. (2001), in an evaluation of Draco systematics based on mitochondrial DNA, explicitly refrained from making a judgment on this issue. This taxon has more recently been accepted as a full species (e.g. Manthey 2010, Islam and Saikia 2013), but it is not clear that any formal action has been taken to justify this treatment. J. McGuire (pers. comm. 2019) notes that this species cannot reliably be distinguished from D. blanfordii and suspects that it is unlikely to be valid either as a species or subspecies, however cautions that further material is needed to resolve this issue." 144231367,Oophaga histrionica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Oophaga,histrionica,,,,,"(Berthold, 1845)","This is a restricted concept of Oophaga histrionica following the split of the broader concept into this and Oophaga anchicayensis, O. andresi and O. solanensis (Posso-Terranova and Andrés 2018)." 48342159,Salaria atlantica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Salaria,atlantica,,,,,"Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2011", 144643181,Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Tropidophoxinellus,chaignoni,,,,,(Vaillant 1904),Perea et al. (2010) transferred this species to the genus Tropidophoxinellus. 113551736,Pelomedusa galeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,PELOMEDUSIDAE,Pelomedusa,galeata,,,,,"(Schoepff, 1792)","This species, together with other helmeted terrapins throughout sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar and the southwestern Arabian Peninsula, were previously combined under the name Pelomedusa subrufa. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that P. galeata in western South Africa represents a separate lineage and a possible candidate new species (Petzold et al. 2014, Fritz et al. 2015)." 144763179,Pareremus callabonnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Pareremus,callabonnensis,,,,,"(Tepper, 1895)", 90377823,Gopherus evgoodei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Gopherus,evgoodei,,,,,"Edwards, Karl, Vaughn, Rosen, Meléndez Torres & Murphy, 2016","Gopherus evgoodei was previously considered to be part of Gopherus morafkai, but was demonstrated to be morphologically and genetically distinct by Edwards et al. (2016). Both these species were previously considered to be part of Gopherus agassizii sensu lato, the Desert Tortoise. This taxonomy has been accepted by TTWG (2017)." 97259978,Acanthochelys macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Acanthochelys,macrocephala,,,,,"(Rhodin, Mittermeier & McMorris, 1984)","The species Acanthochelys chacoensis (Fritz and Pauler 1992) was included in the 1996 and 2000 IUCN Red Lists, was been determined by Fritz and Pauler (1999) to be a junior synonym of A. macrocephala." 9028,Chelonoidis vicina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,vicina,,,,,"(Günther, 1875)","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy was largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises, while synonymizing the four central and southern Isabela Island populations (vicina, guntheri, microphyes, and vandenburghi) under C. vicina. However, TTWG (2017) and this Red List assessment now treat these four Isabela Island taxa, previously treated as subspecies of vicina, as separate and valid species, rather than retaining their previous rankings.

The taxonomy of the C. vicina species complex remains less resolved than for other Galápagos taxa, with four taxa on central (microphyes, vandenburghi) and southern (guntheri, vicina) Isabela treated here as a series of four recognized species. These most recently diverged lineages may not have been completely sorted into reciprocally monophyletic clades in terms of mitochondrial DNA data, although their nuclear gene pools are distinct (Ciofi et al. 2006, Poulakakis et al. 2008, Edwards et al. 2014). They may possibly represent subspecies or Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) rather than full species (Edwards et al. 2014). TTWG (2009, 2014), following Pritchard (1996), synonymized these four taxa under C. vicina, but in consideration of the majority of the assessors’ view that they may be full species, TTWG (2017) and the Red List now treats them as separate species.

Tortoises from southern Isabela Island have also been referred to as C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) vicina for the southwestern Cerro Azul population and C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) guentheri or C. (n.) guntheri for the southeastern Sierra Negra subpopulation. The guentheri and guntheri names have previously either been considered nomina dubia and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology. Tortoises from Darwin Volcano on north central Isabela have historically been recognized as C. (n.) microphyes, a name that has previously been considered either a nomen dubium and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology (review by Pritchard 1996). Tortoises from Alcedo Volcano on central Isabela have traditionally been recognized as C. (n.) vandenburghi, but were previously synonymized under C. (n.) vicina based on morphology (Pritchard 1996; Fritz and Havas 2007; TTWG 2009, 2014).

All these taxa have in the past variously been argued to be valid at species or subspecies level (under either elephantopus and/or nigra), and placed in the genera Testudo, Geochelone, or Chelonoidis, and these permutations, plus a variety of typographic errors, have yielded over 50 nomenclatural combinations and chresonyms." 9027,Chelonoidis vandenburghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,vandenburghi,,,,,"(DeSola, 1930)","The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra (now named Chelonoidis niger), as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and the more recent consensus among researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) is to treat most as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy was largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most, but not all, phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises, while synonymizing the four central and southern Isabela Island populations (vicina, guntheri, microphyes, and vandenburghi) under C. vicina. However, TTWG (2017) and this Red List assessment now treat these four Isabela Island taxa, previously treated as subspecies of vicina, as separate and valid species, rather than retaining their previous rankings.

The taxonomy of the C. vicina species complex remains less resolved than for other Galápagos taxa, with four taxa on central (microphyes, vandenburghi) and southern (guntheri, vicina) Isabela treated here as a series of four recognized species. These most recently diverged lineages may not have been completely sorted into reciprocally monophyletic clades in terms of mitochondrial DNA data, although their nuclear gene pools are distinct (Ciofi et al. 2006, Poulakakis et al. 2008, Edwards et al. 2014). They may possibly represent subspecies or Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) rather than full species (Edwards et al. 2014). TTWG (2009, 2014), following Pritchard (1996), synonymized these four taxa under C. vicina, but in consideration of the majority of the assessors’ view that they may be full species, TTWG (2017) and the Red List now treats them as separate species.

Tortoises from southern Isabela Island have also been referred to as C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) vicina for the southwestern Cerro Azul population and C. (n.) elephantopus or C. (n.) guentheri or C. (n.) guntheri for the southeastern Sierra Negra subpopulation. The guentheri and guntheri names have previously either been considered nomina dubia and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology. Tortoises from Darwin Volcano on north central Isabela have historically been recognized as C. (n.) microphyes, a name that has previously been considered either a nomen dubium and referred to vicina based on type locality, or synonymized under C. (n.) vicina by morphology (review by Pritchard 1996). Tortoises from Alcedo Volcano on central Isabela have traditionally been recognized as C. (n.) vandenburghi, but were previously synonymized under C. (n.) vicina based on morphology (Pritchard 1996; Fritz and Havas 2007; TTWG 2009, 2014).

All these taxa have in the past variously been argued to be valid at species or subspecies level (under either elephantopus and/or nigra), and placed in the genera Testudo, Geochelone, or Chelonoidis, and these permutations, plus a variety of typographic errors, have yielded over 50 nomenclatural combinations and chresonyms." 75320046,Leiocephalus carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,carinatus,,,,,"Gray, 1827","This widespread species has the following subspecies:
Leiocephalus carinatus carinatus Gray, 1827,
Leiocephalus carinatus aquarius Schwartz & Ogren, 1956,
Leiocephalus carinatus armouri Barbour & Shreve, 1935,
Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis Schwartz, 1959,
Leiocephalus carinatus coryi Schmidt, 1936,
Leiocephalus carinatus granti Rabb, 1957,
Leiocephalus carinatus hodsdoni Schmidt, 1936,
Leiocephalus carinatus labrossytus Schwartz, 1959,
Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon Schwartz, 1959,
Leiocephalus carinatus mogotensis Schwartz, 1959,
Leiocephalus carinatus virescens Stejneger, 1901, and
Leiocephalus carinatus zayasi Schwartz, 1959.

L. varius, previously considered a subspecies, is treated as a full species following McCranie (2015)." 14665983,Lygosoma bampfyldei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygosoma,bampfyldei,,,,,"Bartlett, 1895","The assignment of specimens to this species has been complicated by the brevity of the original description and only three verifiable specimens have been reported in the last 124 years, one of which has since been lost (see discussion in Grismer et al. 2018). Following the collection of new material allied to Lygosoma bampfyldei from Peninsular Malaysia, Grismer et al. (2018) evaluated the taxonomic status of every known specimen and determined (on morphological grounds, as insufficient specimens are known to conduct a meaningful genetic analysis) that they corresponded to four discrete populations. These authors considered that, given the observed morphological differences, ""it would require more ad hoc justification to consider the variation ... as simply conspecific geographic variation within Lygosoma bampfyldei than it would to consider them all different species"", and consequently presented a revised taxonomy for the L. bampfyldei group." 61356,Luciobarbus magniatlantis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,magniatlantis,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1919)",Levin et al. (2012) transferred this species to the genus Luciobarbus. 79000951,Arphax brunneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PHASMIDA,PHASMATIDAE,Arphax,brunneus,,,,,"(Gray, 1833)", 107396571,Serratorotula acarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Serratorotula,acarinata,,,,,"(Hemmen & Groh, 1985)", 104716783,Cyrtodactylus wayakonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,wayakonei,,,,,"Nguyen, Kingsada, Rösler, Auer & Ziegler, 2010", 136623,Balaenoptera omurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,omurai,,,,,"Wada, Oishi & Yamada, 2003","Although it was only recently described (Wada et al. 2003), the separate species identity of Omura’s Whale, Balaenoptera omurai, is now well established phylogenetically (Sasaki et al. 2006). It was formerly regarded as a pygmy form of Bryde’s Whale (B. brydei/edeni), but it is not closely related to that group, lying outside the clade formed by the Sei Whale (B. borealis) and two forms of Bryde's Whales). The morphology of Omura’s Whale is quite distinct from those of Bryde’s Whales and other known baleen whales, but its colouration resembles that of the Fin Whale (B. physalus) while lacking lateral rostral ridges (Wada et al. 2003).

To date (December 2017), the only genetically confirmed observations of living Omura’s Whales are of 18 biopsied individuals in an apparently resident population off northwestern Madagascar (Cerchio et al. 2015). Specimens collected in 1976 in the Solomon Sea (Ohsumi 1978) and in 1978 in the eastern Indian Ocean (Ohsumi 1980) were originally taken under a scientific permit for Bryde’s Whales and were subsequently genetically identified as Omura’s Whales (Wada et al. 2003). LeDuc and Dizon (2002) genetically analysed specimens of small “Bryde’s Whales” from the Bohol Sea, Philippines, and found that they segregated phylogenetically outside the Sei/Bryde’s Whale clade and basal to B. edeni/B. borealis. From a comparison of the published phylogenies, Sasaki et al. (2006) concluded that these specimens corresponded to Omura’s Whale. Yamada et al. (2008) identified 24 skulls from a whaling operation in the Philippines as Omura’s Whales." 156368,Geomitra grabhami,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Geomitra,grabhami,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 157091,Geomitra watsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Geomitra,watsoni,,,,,"(J.Y. Johnson, 1897)", 4091,Cecilioides eulima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,FERUSSACIIDAE,Cecilioides,eulima,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1855)", 156497,Helicopsis arenosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,arenosa,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1836)","Hausdorf (2013) corrected the name of this species from Helix dejecta De Cristofori & Jan, 1832, to Helicopsis arenosa (Krynicki, 1836), on the basis that Helix dejecta was not in fact included in De Cristofori and Jan (1832), but that the same species was described as Helix arenosa.

It is possible that, in different Black Sea countries, this name is used for different species, especially in Ukraine and Bulgaria." 156339,Leucomastus kindermanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Leucomastus,kindermanni,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)","The species has two subspecies, with the subspecies L. k. mesopotamica (E. Martens, 1874) is found in the Asian part of Turkey around Mardin (Schütt 2001)." 5488,Craterocephalus centralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,centralis,,,,,"Crowley & Ivantsoff, 1990","This species may be a synonym of C. eyresii (Unmack and Dowling, 2000)." 144922507,Helix cincta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,cincta,,,,,"O.F. Müller, 1774","The concept of H. cincta in this assessment follows Neubert (2014). The most important change compared to the former assessment (Fehér 2011) is that H. anatolica is now considered a synonym of H. cincta. In contrast, since the latest assessment, it became clear that the conchologically similar form that lives in continental Greece does not belong to H. cinta, but this is a distinct species, H. borealis." 49829770,Apionichthys menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Apionichthys,menezesi,,,,,"Ramos, 2003",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 49829505,Apionichthys rosai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Apionichthys,rosai,,,,,"Ramos, 2003",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 49830688,Apionichthys seripierriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Apionichthys,seripierriae,,,,,"Ramos, 2003",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 49830104,Hypoclinemus mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Hypoclinemus,mentalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations 198732,Scophthalmus rhombus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Scophthalmus,rhombus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Based on recent genetics studies, the taxonomic status of this species in the Black and Marmara seas is somewhat uncertain. According to Turan et al. (2019), Scophthalmus rhombus is a distinct species in the region, but Firidin et al. (2020) concluded it is not distinct from S. maximus in the region. For purposes of this assessment, and based on past literature (e.g., Giragosov et al. 2012), S. rhombus, though rare, is considered to represent a distinct species in the Black and Marmara seas." 198731,Scophthalmus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Scophthalmus,maximus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomic history of this species is complicated in the Black Sea region (Parin et al. 2014). Scophthalmus maeoticus has been considered a junior synonym of S. maximus with uncertainty by some workers (Chanet 2003, Suzuki et al. 2004, Nielsen et al. 2004, Bailly and Chanet 2010). Scophthalmus maeoticus has also been considered as a subspecies of S. maximus by some (Parin et al. 2014), but both cytogenetic and population genetic data suggest that these two nominal species are part of the same species (Bouza et al. 1995, do Prado et al. 2018). 

Currently, the subpopulation in the Black Sea is very likely isolated from other residual Mediterranean subpopulations due to the high temperature of the Mediterranean waters. A notable genetic differentiation has been reported in the subpopulation inhabiting the Black Sea, but this differentiation is similar to that of other residual subpopulations in the Mediterranean Sea (do Prado et al. 2018). This has prompted some authors (Turan et al. 2019) to claim that S. maeoticus and S. maximus are different species. A study by Firidin et al. (2020) that used mitochondrial DNA concluded that only S. maximus occurs in the Black Sea. Based on evidence provided in Firidin et al. (2020), it is concluded that S. maeoticus is a junior subjective synonym of S. maximus even if sampling conditions differed from those reported in Turan et al. (2019) (B. Chanet and T. Munroe pers. comm. 2020). 

This species is still frequently referred to in the literature as Psetta maxima, but the proper generic placement and nomenclature is Scophthalmus maximus (Bouza et al. 1995, Bailly and Chanet 2010). Different scientific names are used for this species in the coastal countries of the Black Sea. For example, in Russia, the name S. maeoticus is used, while in the Ukraine, both S. maximus and Psetta maeoticus are used. The region-level stock assessment conducted by the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) primarily refers to this nominal species as S. maximus (V. Shlyakhov pers. comm. 2020)." 198730,Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Lepidorhombus,whiffiagonis,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 198729,Lepidorhombus boscii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Lepidorhombus,boscii,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 155066,Samariscus huysmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,huysmani,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 155070,Samariscus filipectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,filipectoralis,,,,,"Shen, 1982", 178290,Eulamprus tryoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eulamprus,tryoni,,,,,"(Longman, 1918)","The appropriate generic name for Lygosoma tryoni is subject to some dispute. Skinner et al. (2013) erected the genus Silvascincus for this species and L. tryoni (at that time both included within Eulamprus) as part of a wide-ranging effort to resolve paraphyly among Australian sphenomorphine skinks. They have alternatively been included within Concinnia (Cogger 2014) or Karma. This latter name was coined by Wells (2009), and as such Silvascincus is a junior synonym (Cogger 2014). There is, however, controversy over the acceptance of Karma as a valid name (Kaiser et al. 2013, Cogger et al. 2014). These accounts take the conservative approach of retaining both of these species, and the related E. luteilateralis, within Eulamprus pending resolution of both nomenclatural issues and relationships between these taxa, as genetic and morphological data are ""not yet fully in agreement"" (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017)." 144776919,Luciobarbus biscarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,biscarensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","Luciobarbus amguidensis (Pellegrin, 1934) is a synonym of this species." 61355,Anaecypris punica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Anaecypris,punica,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1920)","According to recent molecular studies this species does not belong to the genus Phoxinellus or Pseudophoxinus, and is most closely related to the Iberian endemic Anaecypris hispanica (e.g., Perea et al. 2010, Geiger et al. 2014)." 141483768,Gobiodon albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,albolineatus,,,,,"Smith, 1959", 141483785,Gobiodon aoyagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,aoyagii,,,,,"Shibukawa, Suzuki & Aizawa, 2013", 141483795,Gobiodon ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,ater,,,,,"Herler, Bogorodsky & Suzuki, 2013", 98807658,Nematalosa erebi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Nematalosa,erebi,,,,,(Günther 1868), 8415,Eurytides iphitas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Eurytides,iphitas,,,,,"Hübner, 1821",Experts have suggested that this species may be a spring form of Eurytides dolicaon deicoon (Tyler et al. 1994).  15991,Papilio himeros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,himeros,,,,,"Hopffer, 1866","There are two subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies himeros; and subspecies baia Rothschild & Jordan, 1906." 16239,Parides ascanius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,ascanius,,,,,"(Cramer, 1775)", 16240,Parides burchellanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,burchellanus,,,,,"(Westwood, 1872)","Previously, some authors recognised two subspecies for this species: the nominate subspecies burchellanus; and subspecies jaguarae (Foetterle, 1902). The latter was previously considered a subspecies of Parides panthonus, but was synonimised with P. burchellanus at the species level by both morphological observations as well as by genetic analysis (Mielke et al. 2004, Silva-Brandão et al. 2008)." 16242,Parides hahneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,hahneli,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1882)", 16243,Parides klagesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,klagesi,,,,,"(Ehrmann, 1904)", 16244,Parides pizarro,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,pizarro,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1884)","There are currently three subspecies known for this species: the nominate subspecies pizarro; subspecies kuhlmanni (May, 1925); and subspecies steinbachi (Rothschild, 1905)." 160549,Euryades corethrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Euryades,corethrus,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 110716929,Protographium agesilaus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Protographium,agesilaus,,,,,"(Guérin & Percheron, 1835) ","There are seven subspecies reported for this species: the nominate subspecies agesilaus; subspecies eimeri (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906): subspecies fortis (Rothschild & Jordan, 1906); subspecies neosilaus (Hopffer, 1866); subspecies autosilaus (Bates, 1861); subspecies montanum (Küppers, 1974); and subspecies viridis (Röber, 1926)." 121975537,Euryades duponchelii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Euryades,duponchelii,,,,,"(Lucas, 1839)", 121975575,Eurytides bellerophon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Eurytides,bellerophon,,,,,"(Dalman, 1823)", 121975634,Eurytides callias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Eurytides,callias,,,,,"(Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)", 122083281,Mimoides lysithous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Mimoides,lysithous,,,,,"(Hübner, 1821)","There are currently five subspecies recognised for this species: the nominate subspecies lysithous; subspecies eupatorion (Lucas, [1859]); subspecies harrisianus (Swainson, 1822); subspecies rurik (Eschscholtz, 1821); and subspecies sebastianus (Oberthür, 1879)." 122598883,Protographium asius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Protographium,asius,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1781)", 22721153,Xenospiza baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Xenospiza,baileyi,,,,,"Bangs, 1931", 196336,Mugilogobius notospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,notospilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","This species was reviewed by Larson (2001). It was often previously referred to as Mugilogobius fontinalis (Jordan and Seale 1906)." 145199567,Planiliza ordensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,ordensis,,,,,"(Whitley, 1945)", 145199903,Planiliza alata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Planiliza,alata,,,,,(Steindachner 1892), 195409,Epinephelus itajara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Epinephelus,itajara,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1822)","In 2009, Craig et al. confirmed that the Pacific “subpopulations” of Epinephelus itajara as a distinct species: E. quinquefasciatus (Craig et al. 2009)." 75555966,Cynoglossus semilaevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,semilaevis,,,,,"Günther, 1873","Menon (1977) considered Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther 1873 as the senior synonym of C. rhomaleus (Jordan and Starks 1906) and C. roulei Wu 1932. Although Li and Wang (1995) considered C. roulei to be a valid species, it is treated here as a junior synonym of C. semilaevis." 139155307,Neoneura cristina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,cristina,,,,,"Rácenis, 1955", 139162566,Tepuibasis garciana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tepuibasis,garciana,,,,,"De Marmels, 2007", 77345717,Bolitoglossa cataguana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,cataguana,,,,,"Townsend, Butler, Wilson & Austin, 2009", 59157,Bolitoglossa dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,dunni,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1933)", 78521187,Nototriton mime,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,mime,,,,,"Townsend, Medina-Flores, Reyes-Calderón & Austin, 2013", 78521935,Oedipina leptopoda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,leptopoda,,,,,"McCranie, Vieites & Wake, 2008", 78522005,Oedipina quadra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,quadra,,,,,"McCranie, Vieites & Wake, 2008",Honduran subpopulations formerly considered Oedipina cyclocauda have been assigned to this species by McCranie et al. (2008). 121382794,Plectrohyla calvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,calvata,,,,,"McCranie, 2017", 143828186,Craugastor castanedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,castanedai,,,,,"McCranie, 2018", 143847482,Smilisca manisorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,manisorum,,,,,"(Taylor, 1954)",Removed from the synonymy of Smilisca baudini by McCranie (2017). There may be two species within this taxon; taxonomic work is underway (J. Cossel pers. comm. September 2019). 143844130,Craugastor gutschei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,gutschei,,,,,"McCranie, 2018",This is a split from the broader concept of Craugastor rostralis (McCranie 2018). 78459186,Cryptotriton necopinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Cryptotriton,necopinus,,,,,"McCranie & Rovito, 2014", 144775304,Luciobarbus zayanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,zayanensis,,,,,"Doadrio, Casal-López & Yahyaoui, 2016",This species was misidentified as Luciobarbus nasus prior to its description. 144775404,Luciobarbus yahyaouii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,yahyaouii,,,,,"Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea, 2016","Luciobarbus yahyaouii was for many years referred to as Luciobarbus moulouyensis, which is currently treated as a synonym of Carasobarbus fritschii." 144775488,Luciobarbus rifensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,rifensis,,,,,"Doadrio, Casal-López & Yahyaoui, 2015", 144775534,Luciobarbus rabatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,rabatensis,,,,,"Doadria, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015", 144776724,Luciobarbus guercifensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,guercifensis,,,,,"Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2016", 144776867,Luciobarbus chelifensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,chelifensis,,,,,"Brahimi, Freyhof, Henrard & Libois, 2017", 145304499,Luciobarbus lanigarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,lanigarensis,,,,,"Brahimi, Libois, Henrard & Freyhof, 2018", 145304773,Luciobarbus numidiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,numidiensis,,,,,"Brahimi, Libois, Henrard & Freyhof 2018", 139162525,Tepuibasis fulva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tepuibasis,fulva,,,,,"(Needham, 1933)", 145337546,Gigantopelta aegis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Gigantopelta,aegis,,,,,"Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015", 145337626,Dracogyra subfuscus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Dracogyra,subfuscus,,,,,"C. Chen, Y.-D. Zhou, C.-S. Wang & Copley, 2017", 145337758,Lirapex politus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Lirapex,politus,,,,,"C. Chen, Y.-D. Zhou, C.-S. Wang & Copley, 2017", 145337921,Bruceiella wareni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Bruceiella,wareni,,,,,"Okutani, Hashimoto & Sasaki, 2004", 18596,Pseudorca crassidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Pseudorca,crassidens,,,,,"(Owen, 1846)","No subspecies of False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens) are currently recognized. However, there is evidence of geographic variability in skull morphology and life history (Kitchener et al. 1990, Ferreira et al. 2014). Based on genetics there is substantial population structure, both between and within-ocean basins, and even within a single archipelago (Martien et al. 2014). This species has been intensively studied only in Hawaii (Baird 2016) and more recently in New Zealand (Zaeschmar 2014). In Hawaii, three subpopulations have been identified based on a combination of genetic studies (Martien et al. 2014), satellite tagging (Baird et al. 2010, 2012, 2014, Bradford et al. 2014a), and analyses of photo-identification data (Baird et al. 2008, Baird 2016). These include two partially overlapping insular populations, one around the main Hawaiian Islands, and one in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, as well as a partially overlapping pelagic population that ranges throughout and beyond the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) around the Hawaiian Archipelago. In New Zealand, based on high resighting rates of photo-identified individuals and a relatively small number of individuals documented, it is likely that this represents a distinct subpopulation (Zaeschmar 2014). While the number of subpopulations world-wide is unknown, this is due primarily to incomplete sampling in most of the range. Based on the evidence from Hawaii, subpopulation structure likely exists throughout their range." 22956,Vicugna vicugna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CAMELIDAE,Vicugna,vicugna,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)","

Two subspecies have been described, originally distinguished by morphometric characteristics (Wheeler 1995) and confirmed by mithocondrial DNA analysis afterwards (Marín et al. 2007): the southern subspecies Vicugna vicugna vicugna (Molina 1782), found between 18º and 29ºS and V. vicugna mensalis (Thomas 1917), the northern variant, reported between 9º30ºS and 18ºS latitude. V. v. mensalis is generally smaller and is characterized by the long growth of hair on the chest. The head, neck, back, sides and dorsal surface of the tail are dark cinnamon colour, with white covering the lower portion of the face, the chest, belly, interior surface of the legs, and ventral surface of the tail. In contrast, V.v. vicugna lacks the long chest hairs, and has a lighter, beige pelage colouration with white covering a greater proportion of the body, specially the counter-shading that is markedly higher on the posterior flank (Wheeler and Laker 2009, Franklin 2011).

" 139162142,Telebasis selaopyge,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,selaopyge,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 139167253,Oligoclada garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,garrisoni,,,,,"De Marmels, 2008", 139167257,Oligoclada hypophane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,hypophane,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 139167284,Oligoclada leucotaenia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,leucotaenia,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 145379801,Alviniconcha marisindica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Alviniconcha,marisindica,,,,,"Okutani, 2014", 145380159,Alviniconcha adamantis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Alviniconcha,adamantis,,,,,"Johnson, Warén, Tunnicliffe, Van Dover, Wheat, Schultz & Vrijenhoek, 2014", 145380180,Alviniconcha boucheti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Alviniconcha,boucheti,,,,,"Johnson, Warén, Tunnicliffe, Van Dover, Wheat, Schultz & Vrijenhoek, 2014", 145380214,Alviniconcha kojimai,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Alviniconcha,kojimai,,,,,"Johnson, Warén, Tunnicliffe, Van Dover, Wheat, Schultz & Vrijenhoek, 2014", 145380245,Alviniconcha strummeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Alviniconcha,strummeri,,,,,"Johnson, Warén, Tunnicliffe, Van Dover, Wheat, Schultz & Vrijenhoek, 2014", 145380272,Alviniconcha hessleri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Alviniconcha,hessleri,,,,,"Okutani & Ohta, 1988", 145380421,Ifremeria nautilei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Ifremeria,nautilei,,,,,"Bouchet & Warén, 1991", 145380484,Desbruyeresia marisindica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Desbruyeresia,marisindica,,,,,"Okutani, Hashimoto & Sasaki, 2004", 145380559,Iphinopsis boucheti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CANCELLARIIDAE,Iphinopsis,boucheti,,,,,"Okutani, Hashimoto & Sasaki, 2004", 144775576,Luciobarbus mascarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,mascarensis,,,,,"Brahimi, Freyhof, Henrard & Libois, 2017", 3999,Casinycteris argynnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Casinycteris,argynnis,,,,,"Thomas, 1910", 145404522,Amolops wenshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,wenshanensis,,,,,"Yuan, Jin, Li, Stuart & Wu, 2018", 145404583,Amolops yunkaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,yunkaiensis,,,,,"Lyu, Wang, Liu, Zeng & Wang, 2018", 142673841,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Bavispe Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Bavispe Trout',,,,,,"The Yaqui Trout is the only native salmonid in the Río Yaqui watershed. There is some evidence that the Yaqui trout in the Bavispe, Papigochi and the Tutuaca sub-basins are differentiated from each other phentotypically. Rainbow trout are raised as food in grow-out facilities in the Yaqui basin, and have escaped into the wild. Hybridization with the Yaqui trout has occurred but is of localized occurrence." 142674103,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Mayo Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Mayo Trout',,,,,,

The Mayo trout is most closely related to the Yaqui trout. 

142674122,Oncorhynchus chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,chrysogaster,,,,,"(Needham & Gard, 1964)","

The taxon Oncorhynchus chrysogaster currently includes the drainages of the ríos Fuerte, Sinaloa, and Culiacán. Here we treat only the Río Fuerte subpopulations as O. chrysogaster. Sinaloa and Culiacán subpopulations are different phenotypically from each other and from those subpopulations in the Fuerte watershed.

" 142674143,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Sinaloa Golden Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Sinaloa Golden Trout',,,,,,"The Sinaloa trout is phenotypically and meristically distinct from Oncorhynchus chrysogaster specimens in the rios Fuerte and Culiacán, and is therefore treated separately from those taxa." 142674166,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Culiacán Golden Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Culiacán Golden Trout',,,,,,The Culiacán Trout is phenotypically and meristically distinct from Oncorhynchus chrysogaster in the rios Fuerte and Sinaloa. 142674185,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'San Lorenzo Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'San Lorenzo Trout',,,,,, 142674424,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Piaxtla Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Piaxtla Trout',,,,,,"The Piaxtla Trout is the closest relative to the San Lorenzo trout, but is phenotypically distinct and  Escalante et al. (2015) report genetic differences." 142674431,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Presidio Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Presidio Trout',,,,,,"Hendrickson and Tomelleri (In Press) discussed the provenance of trout in the Presidio basin, and determined that trout were indeed native to the drainage." 142674469,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Baluarte Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Baluarte Trout',,,,,,Some museum specimens appear to be introgressed with Rainbow Trout. 142674476,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Acaponeta Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Acaponeta Trout',,,,,,There is evidence that most populations of native Acaponeta trout are likely to be introgressed with Rainbow Trout. 145640871,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Northern Conchos Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Northern Conchos Trout',,,,,,"Undescribed species. Affinity appears to be with Yaqui trout in the adjacent basin, but genetic work shows this trout to be unique." 145641073,Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Southern Conchos Trout',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Oncorhynchus,sp. nov. 'Southern Conchos Trout',,,,,,"Undescribed species. Affinity appears to be with Mexican golden trout in the adjacent Fuerte basin, but genetic work shows this trout to be unique. Nathaniel Thomas Lupton collected two specimens of trout  from this region in 1884 (Cope, 1886), but the location of the specimens and the collection locality remain a mystery." 83153451,Xiphiagrion truncatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Xiphiagrion,truncatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 87533125,Neurobasis australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,australis,,,,,"Selys, 1878","

This species was originally described as Neurobasis chinensis race australis Selys, 1897. A subspecies, Neurobasis australis misoolensis, is known from Misool Island.

" 122150599,Mortonagrion martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,martini,,,,,"(Ris, 1900)", 122309282,Selysioneura cervicornu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,cervicornu,,,,,"Förster, 1900", 122309294,Selysioneura drymobia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,drymobia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 122309516,Tanymecosticta filiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Tanymecosticta,filiformis,,,,,"(Ris, 1898)", 122310221,Indolestes linsleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,linsleyi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1960", 122312752,Indolestes lygisticercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,lygisticercus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1932)", 122447363,Akrothemis bimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Akrothemis,bimaculata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2012", 122447383,Bironides glochidion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bironides,glochidion,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 122447459,Diplacina antigone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,antigone,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 122876866,Lanthanusa cochlear,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lanthanusa,cochlear,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2014", 122880185,Lanthanusa richardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lanthanusa,richardi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 139068009,Agyrtacantha tumidula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Agyrtacantha,tumidula,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 139121057,Neurobasis ianthinipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,ianthinipennis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 139347759,Pseudagrion civicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,civicum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 139349120,Pseudagrion farinicolle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,farinicolle,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 139349322,Pseudagrion fumipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,fumipennis,,,,,"Polhemus, Michalski & Richards, 2008", 139349949,Pseudagrion parafarinicolle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,parafarinicolle,,,,,"Theischinger, Richards & Toko, 2018", 139351417,Pseudagrion woodlarkensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,woodlarkensis,,,,,"Gassmann & Richards, 2016", 139352305,Procordulia leopoldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,leopoldi,,,,,"Fraser, 1932", 139372939,Microtrigonia curvata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Microtrigonia,curvata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2014", 139373811,Microtrigonia sinuosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Microtrigonia,sinuosa,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 143816694,Hemicordulia ericetorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,ericetorum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 143816707,Hemicordulia olympica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,olympica,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 143816717,Hemicordulia silvarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,silvarum,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 145787135,Austroagrion kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austroagrion,kiautai,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2007", 145787692,Diplacina erigone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,erigone,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 145787816,Diplacina ismene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,ismene,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 145788068,Diplacina smaragdina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,smaragdina,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 145788192,Drepanosticta antilope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,antilope,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2005", 145788793,Drepanosticta dendrolagina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,dendrolagina,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 145788933,Drepanosticta elaphos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,elaphos,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2014", 145789416,Drepanosticta machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,machadoi,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2014", 145789524,Drepanosticta pterophora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,pterophora,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2014", 145789744,Drepanosticta taurulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,taurulus,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2005", 145790214,Huonia epinephela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,epinephela,,,,,"Förster, 1903", 145790265,Huonia hylophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,hylophila,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 145791554,Macromia celaeno,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,celaeno,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 145792548,Nannophlebia amphicyllis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,amphicyllis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 145792591,Nannophlebia axiagasta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,axiagasta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 145792699,Nososticta moginae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,moginae,,,,,"Theischinger, Richards & Toko, 2018", 145794385,Palaeosynthemis cyrene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,cyrene,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1953)", 145794607,Palaeosynthemis elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,elegans,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2013", 145794688,Palaeosynthemis nigrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,nigrostigma,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2014", 145794701,Palaeosynthemis opaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,opaca,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2016", 145794809,Papuagrion chrysosoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,chrysosoma,,,,,"Orr & Richards, 2016", 145794828,Papuagrion magnanimum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,magnanimum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 145794850,Papuagrion marijanmatoki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,marijanmatoki,,,,,"Orr & Richards, 2016", 145794877,Papuagrion nigripedum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,nigripedum,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2006", 145795028,Papuagrion occipitale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,occipitale,,,,,"Selys, 1877", 145795508,Papuagrion tydecksjuerging,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,tydecksjuerging,,,,,"Orr & Richards, 2016", 145795645,Teinobasis buwaldai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,buwaldai,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 145795759,Teinobasis chrysea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,chrysea,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2013", 145795885,Teinobasis cuneata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,cuneata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 145796324,Teinobasis debeauxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,debeauxi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 145796492,Teinobasis dolabrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,dolabrata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 145796619,Teinobasis dominula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,dominula,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 145796732,Teinobasis flavolineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,flavolineata,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2015", 145796782,Teinobasis kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,kiautai,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2007", 145796861,Teinobasis lutea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,lutea,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2013", 145796909,Teinobasis macroglossa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,macroglossa,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2013", 145796940,Teinobasis scintillans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,scintillans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 145796978,Tramea aquila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,aquila,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 145797062,Wahnesia kutubuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Wahnesia,kutubuensis,,,,,"Theischinger, Richards & Toko, 2018", 145797415,Diplacina anthaxia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,anthaxia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 22696628,Podiceps gallardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,gallardoi,,,,,"Rumboll, 1974", 144774749,Salmo pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,pellegrini,,,,,"Werner, 1931","Five endemic Salmo populations from northwest Africa are currently recognised as valid species. All are members of the so-called 'Salmo trutta' (brown trout) complex', which is widely distributed across much of the Palearctic region. However, taxonomic classification within this complex remains a matter of discussion due to its complicated evolutionary history and inherent phenotypic diversity. While a consensus regarding the existence of several distinct phylogeographic lineages (Atlantic, Duero, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Marmoratus, Danubian and Tigris) has been reached, the evolutionary relationships between them remain unclear. In northwest Africa, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses have revealed the existence of three major clades which derived from multiple waves of ancient colonisation; (1) an Afro-Atlantic clade inhabiting Mediterranean coastal rivers of North Africa and the Sous River system in Atlantic Morocco, stemming from a colonisation wave of the Atlantic lineage from Iberia, (2) a relict and native clade inhabiting the Draa River in Atlantic Morocco and (3) a native Atlas Mountains clade which probably arose from a reticulate evolutionary event, following invasion by Atlantic trout that introgressed into local populations.

The drawing of concrete conclusions is complicated, however, because the stocking of hatchery trout appears to have driven significant introgression in some populations. Furthermore, the Salmo trutta complex reaches the southern limit of its natural range in northwest Africa, and most rivers in the region are too warm to support trout populations. Those populations that do exist are mostly confined to high altitude streams and lakes, or perennial headwaters of short Mediterranean rivers. This degree of isolation, coupled with the relatively extreme environmental conditions, has permitted localised adaptation and morphological differentiation which is not necessarily reflected in distinct genetic signatures. In fact, the population inhabiting the Draa River (currently valid as Salmo multipunctatus) constitutes the only case in which a fully preserved indigenous genetic signature has been detected. Additional research employing a broader genomic survey has therefore been recommended to more clearly elucidate the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships between northwest African Salmo populations.

Salmo pellegrini is included in the Atlas Mountains clade, but there is evidence of introgression with stocked trout. This is particularly apparent within the Rheriya River subpopulation, where one individual was found to form a monophyletic group with trouts from the geographically distant Lake Isni (this population is currently valid as Salmo viridis) and the heavily-stocked Ziz River. Other individuals from the Rheriya shared haplotypes with trouts from a hatchery in northern Morocco plus an introduced population inhabiting Lake Tamda in the High Atlas Mountains. The subpopulation from the Ourika River exhibits a more distinct genetic signature, but also share haplotypes with trouts from the Moulouya River, which empties into the Mediterranean Sea in northeast Morocco." 144774654,Salmo viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Salmo,viridis,,,,,"Doadrio, Perea & Yahyaoui, 2015","Five endemic Salmo populations from northwest Africa are currently recognised as valid species. All are members of the so-called 'Salmo trutta' (brown trout) complex', which is widely distributed across much of the Palearctic region. However, taxonomic classification within this complex remains a matter of discussion due to its complicated evolutionary history and inherent phenotypic diversity. While a consensus regarding the existence of several distinct phylogeographic lineages (Atlantic, Duero, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Marmoratus, Danubian and Tigris) has been reached, the evolutionary relationships between them remain unclear. In northwest Africa, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses have revealed the existence of three major clades which derived from multiple waves of ancient colonisation; (1) an Afro-Atlantic clade inhabiting Mediterranean coastal rivers of North Africa and the Sous River system in Atlantic Morocco, stemming from a colonisation wave of the Atlantic lineage from Iberia, (2) a relict and native clade inhabiting the Draa River in Atlantic Morocco and (3) a native Atlas Mountains clade which probably arose from a reticulate evolutionary event, following invasion by Atlantic trout that introgressed into local populations.

The drawing of concrete conclusions is complicated, however, because the stocking of hatchery trout appears to have driven significant introgression in some populations. Furthermore, the Salmo trutta complex reaches the southern limit of its natural range in northwest Africa, and most rivers in the region are too warm to support trout populations. Those populations that do exist are mostly confined to high altitude streams and lakes, or perennial headwaters of short Mediterranean rivers. This degree of isolation, coupled with the relatively extreme environmental conditions, has permitted localised adaptation and morphological differentiation which is not necessarily reflected in distinct genetic signatures. In fact, the population inhabiting the Draa River (currently valid as Salmo multipunctatus) constitutes the only case in which a fully preserved indigenous genetic signature has been detected. Additional research employing a broader genomic survey has therefore been recommended to more clearly elucidate the evolutionary and taxonomic relationships between northwest African Salmo populations.

Salmo viridis is included in the Atlas Mountains clade, within which it exhibits a distinct genetic signature. No evidence of artificial stocking has been detected, but it shares genetic affinities with trouts from the Oum Er-Rbia, Tensift (currently valid as Salmo pellegrini), Ziz and Moulouya river systems." 165044,Libellula foliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Libellula,foliata,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 49254602,Cora modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,modesta,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 80718595,Enallagma coecum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,coecum,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 119091328,Phoenicagrion trilobum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Phoenicagrion,trilobum,,,,,"Faasen, 2014", 125254630,Miocora chirripa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,chirripa,,,,,"(Calvert, 1907)", 125254963,Miocora notoxantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,notoxantha,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 125254992,Miocora obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,obscura,,,,,"(Ris, 1918)", 125255080,Miocora semiopaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,semiopaca,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 125255119,Miocora skinneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Miocora,skinneri,,,,,"(Calvert, 1907)", 125520361,Perilestes eustaquioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,eustaquioi,,,,,"Machado, 2015", 139118757,Amphipteryx nataliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AMPHIPTERYGIDAE,Amphipteryx,nataliae,,,,,"González-Soriano, 2010", 139119057,Mnesarete astrape,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,astrape,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 139119089,Mnesarete borchgravii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,borchgravii,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 139119130,Mnesarete machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,machadoi,,,,,"Garrison, 2006", 139119173,Mnesarete pruinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,pruinosa,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)", 139119178,Mnesarete pudica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,pudica,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1853)", 139119194,Mnesarete williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnesarete,williamsoni,,,,,"Garrison, 2006", 139133822,Acanthagrion egleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,egleri,,,,,"dos Santos, 1961", 139138038,Angelagrion fredericoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Angelagrion,fredericoi,,,,,"Lencioni, 2008", 139138069,Angelagrion nathaliae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Angelagrion,nathaliae,,,,,"Lencioni, 2008", 139138124,Anisagrion kennedyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Anisagrion,kennedyi,,,,,"Leonard, 1937", 139138133,Anisagrion truncatipenne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Anisagrion,truncatipenne,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 139139243,Argia angelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,angelae,,,,,"Vilela, Guillermo-Ferreira, Del-Claro & Cordero-Rivera, 2018", 139139664,Cyanallagma corbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Cyanallagma,corbeti,,,,,"Costa, Santos & I. de Souza, 2009", 139139913,Denticulobasis ariken,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Denticulobasis,ariken,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139140274,Denticulobasis garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Denticulobasis,garrisoni,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139141813,Enacantha caribbea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enacantha,caribbea,,,,,"Donnelly & Alayo, 1966", 139144883,Enallagma rua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Enallagma,rua,,,,,"Donnelly, 1968", 139145045,Epipleoneura ottoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,ottoi,,,,,"Pessacq, 2014", 139145260,Epipleoneura susanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipleoneura,susanae,,,,,"Pessacq, 2014", 139151620,Epipotoneura machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Epipotoneura,machadoi,,,,,"von Ellenrieder & Garrison, 2008", 139152031,Inpabasis machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Inpabasis,machadoi,,,,,"Santos, 1961", 139152270,Inpabasis rosea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Inpabasis,rosea,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 139152815,Leptagrion andromache,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,andromache,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1876", 139152903,Leptagrion bocainense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,bocainense,,,,,"Santos, 1979", 139152960,Leptagrion capixabae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,capixabae,,,,,"Santos, 1965", 139152976,Leptagrion cyanostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,cyanostigma,,,,,"Machado, 2012", 139153023,Leptagrion dardanoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,dardanoi,,,,,"Santos, 1968", 139153035,Leptagrion garbei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,garbei,,,,,"Santos, 1961", 139153125,Leptagrion lencioninetoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,lencioninetoi,,,,,"Lencioni, 2017", 139153214,Leptagrion vriesianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,vriesianum,,,,,"Santos, 1978", 139153762,Leucobasis candicans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leucobasis,candicans,,,,,"Rácenis, 1959", 139153777,Mesamphiagrion gaianii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,gaianii,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1997)", 139153832,Mesamphiagrion tepuianum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesamphiagrion,tepuianum,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1997)", 139154361,Metaleptobasis bovilla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,bovilla,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 139154403,Metaleptobasis diceras,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,diceras,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 139154426,Metaleptobasis falcifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,falcifera,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 139154445,Metaleptobasis inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,inermis,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 139154473,Metaleptobasis leniloba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,leniloba,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 139154482,Metaleptobasis longicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,longicauda,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 139154495,Metaleptobasis paludicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,paludicola,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 139154614,Metaleptobasis tridentigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,tridentigera,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 139155285,Metaleptobasis truncata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Metaleptobasis,truncata,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2013", 139155288,Neoneura anaclara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,anaclara,,,,,"Machado, 2005", 139155319,Neoneura kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,kiautai,,,,,"Machado, 2007", 139155323,Neoneura leonardoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,leonardoi,,,,,"Machado, 2005", 139155327,Neoneura luzmarina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,luzmarina,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 139155348,Neoneura moorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,moorei,,,,,"Machado, 2003", 139155403,Oreiallagma thelkterion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oreiallagma,thelkterion,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1997)", 139155427,Oxyagrion basale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,basale,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 139155480,Oxyagrion chapadense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,chapadense,,,,,"Costa, 1978", 139155515,Oxyagrion evanescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,evanescens,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 139155524,Oxyagrion fernandoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,fernandoi,,,,,"Costa, 1988", 139155540,Oxyagrion haematinum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,haematinum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 139155611,Oxyagrion hempeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,hempeli,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 139155626,Oxyagrion imeriense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,imeriense,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1989)", 139156445,Oxyagrion microstigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,microstigma,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 139156474,Oxyagrion mirnae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,mirnae,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 139156505,Oxyagrion pavidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,pavidum,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1876", 139156516,Oxyagrion pseudocardinale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,pseudocardinale,,,,,"Costa, Souza & Santos, 2000", 139156570,Oxyagrion rubidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,rubidum,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 139156705,Oxyagrion santosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,santosi,,,,,"Martins, 1967", 139156715,Oxyagrion simile,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,simile,,,,,"Costa, 1978", 139156719,Oxyagrion sulmatogrossense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,sulmatogrossense,,,,,"Costa, Souza & Santos, 2000", 139156730,Oxyagrion zielmae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Oxyagrion,zielmae,,,,,"Costa, De Souza & Muzón, 2006", 139156749,Peristicta aeneoviridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,aeneoviridis,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 139157390,Peristicta forceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,forceps,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1860", 139157408,Peristicta guarellae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,guarellae,,,,,"Anjos-Santos & Pessacq, 2013", 139157446,Peristicta jalmosi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,jalmosi,,,,,"Pessacq & Costa, 2007", 139157459,Peristicta janiceae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,janiceae,,,,,"Pessacq & Costa, 2007", 139157462,Peristicta muzoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Peristicta,muzoni,,,,,"Pessacq & Costa, 2007", 139161566,Protoneura ailsa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,ailsa,,,,,"Donnelly, 1961", 139161612,Protoneura corculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,corculum,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 139161718,Protoneura peramans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,peramans,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 139161763,Protoneura romanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,romanae,,,,,"Meurgey, 2006", 139161768,Protoneura viridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,viridis,,,,,"Westfall, 1964", 139161804,Psaironeura selvatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Psaironeura,selvatica,,,,,"Esquivel, 1993", 139161904,Pseudostigma aberrans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudostigma,aberrans,,,,,"Selys, 1860", 139161907,Pseudostigma accedens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudostigma,accedens,,,,,"Selys, 1860", 139161913,Telebasis aurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,aurea,,,,,"May, 1992", 139161927,Telebasis celiovallei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,celiovallei,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 139162018,Telebasis collopistes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,collopistes,,,,,"Calvert, 1902", 139162034,Telebasis corbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,corbeti,,,,,"Garrison, 2009", 139162041,Telebasis divaricata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,divaricata,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 139162056,Telebasis dominicana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,dominicana,,,,,"(Selys in Sagra, 1857)", 139162062,Telebasis lenkoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,lenkoi,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 139162100,Telebasis luizae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,luizae,,,,,"Lencioni, 2010", 139162116,Telebasis myrianae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,myrianae,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 139162125,Telebasis pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,pallida,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 139162138,Telebasis pataxo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,pataxo,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 139162151,Telebasis vulnerata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,vulnerata,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 139162476,Tepuibasis chimantai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tepuibasis,chimantai,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1988)", 139162569,Tepuibasis neblinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tepuibasis,neblinae,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1989)", 139162593,Tepuibasis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tepuibasis,nigra,,,,,"De Marmels, 2007", 139162629,Tepuibasis rubicunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tepuibasis,rubicunda,,,,,"De Marmels, 2007", 139162660,Tepuibasis thea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tepuibasis,thea,,,,,"De Marmels, 2007", 139162692,Tuberculobasis arara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,arara,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139162695,Tuberculobasis geijskesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,geijskesi,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139162701,Tuberculobasis guarani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,guarani,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139162709,Tuberculobasis karitiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,karitiana,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139162712,Tuberculobasis macuxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,macuxi,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139162715,Tuberculobasis tirio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,tirio,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139162730,Tuberculobasis yanomami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,yanomami,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1992)", 139162747,Tukanobasis corbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tukanobasis,corbeti,,,,,"Machado, 2009", 139162764,Cordulegaster virginiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,virginiae,,,,,"Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2018", 139163339,Cordulisantosia machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Cordulisantosia,machadoi,,,,,"(Costa & Santos, 2000)", 139163402,Cordulisantosia marshalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Cordulisantosia,marshalli,,,,,"(Costa & Santos, 1992)", 139163438,Cordulisantosia newtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Cordulisantosia,newtoni,,,,,"(Costa & Santos, 2000)", 139163489,Navicordulia aemulatrix,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,aemulatrix,,,,,"Pinto & Lamas, 2010", 139163547,Navicordulia kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,kiautai,,,,,"Machado & Costa, 1995", 139163550,Navicordulia leptostyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,leptostyla,,,,,"Machado & Costa, 1995", 139163699,Navicordulia longistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,longistyla,,,,,"Machado & Costa, 1995", 139163778,Navicordulia mielkei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,mielkei,,,,,"Machado & Costa, 1995", 139163796,Navicordulia miersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,miersi,,,,,"Machado & Costa, 1995", 139163829,Agriogomphus ericae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Agriogomphus,ericae,,,,,"(Belle, 1966)", 139163860,Agriogomphus tumens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Agriogomphus,tumens,,,,,"(Calvert, 1905)", 139163932,Aphylla alia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,alia,,,,,"Calvert, 1948", 139163956,Aphylla caraiba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,caraiba,,,,,"Selys, 1854", 139163981,Aphylla caudalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,caudalis,,,,,"Belle, 1987", 139164036,Aphylla dentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,dentata,,,,,"Selys, 1859", 139164064,Aphylla distinguenda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,distinguenda,,,,,"(Campion, 1920)", 139164088,Aphylla exilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,exilis,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 139164104,Aphylla janirae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,janirae,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 139164125,Aphylla linea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,linea,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 139164148,Aphylla molossus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,molossus,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 139164166,Aphylla scapula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,scapula,,,,,"Belle, 1992", 139164264,Archaeogomphus globulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Archaeogomphus,globulus,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 139164288,Archaeogomphus nanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Archaeogomphus,nanus,,,,,"Needham, 1944", 139164309,Archaeogomphus vanbrinkae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Archaeogomphus,vanbrinkae,,,,,"Machado, 1994", 139164326,Brasiliogomphus uniseries,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Brasiliogomphus,uniseries,,,,,"Belle, 1995", 139164353,Cyanogomphus angelomachadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyanogomphus,angelomachadoi,,,,,"Pinto & de Almeida, 2016", 139164374,Cyanogomphus comparabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyanogomphus,comparabilis,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 139164484,Desmogomphus tigrivensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Desmogomphus,tigrivensis,,,,,"Williamson, 1920", 139164508,Diaphlebia nexans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Diaphlebia,nexans,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 139164558,Epigomphus bosquenuboso,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,bosquenuboso,,,,,"Haber, 2017", 139164594,Epigomphus jannyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,jannyae,,,,,"Belle, 1993", 139164598,Epigomphus morrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,morrisoni,,,,,"Haber, 2017", 139164607,Epigomphus subobtusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,subobtusus,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 139164617,Epigomphus tumefactus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,tumefactus,,,,,"Calvert, 1903", 139164662,Epigomphus wagneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,wagneri,,,,,"Haber, 2017", 139164671,Erpetogomphus elaphe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,elaphe,,,,,"Garrison, 1994", 139164680,Erpetogomphus ophibolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,ophibolus,,,,,"Calvert, 1905", 139164701,Erpetogomphus oxybelis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,oxybelis,,,,,"Ortega-Salas, 2018", 139164710,Erpetogomphus schausi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Erpetogomphus,schausi,,,,,"Calvert, 1919", 139164748,Neogomphus molestus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Neogomphus,molestus,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 139164792,Phyllocycla propinqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,propinqua,,,,,"Belle, 1972", 139164807,Progomphus aberrans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,aberrans,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 139164824,Progomphus basistictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,basistictus,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 139164836,Progomphus clendoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,clendoni,,,,,"Calvert, 1905", 139164853,Progomphus guyanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,guyanensis,,,,,"Belle, 1966", 139164868,Progomphus integer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,integer,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1878", 139164880,Progomphus lepidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,lepidus,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 139164892,Progomphus longistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,longistigma,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 139164898,Progomphus microcephalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,microcephalus,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 139164933,Progomphus perithemoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,perithemoides,,,,,"Belle, 1980", 139164951,Progomphus polygonus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,polygonus,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 139164968,Progomphus racenisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,racenisi,,,,,"De Marmels, 1983", 139165095,Progomphus recticarinatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,recticarinatus,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 139165116,Progomphus tibialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,tibialis,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 139165122,Progomphus victor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,victor,,,,,"St. Quentin, 1973", 139165125,Progomphus virginiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,virginiae,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 139165130,Progomphus zonatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,zonatus,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854", 139165155,Zonophora diversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,diversa,,,,,"Belle, 1983", 139165173,Zonophora solitaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,solitaria,,,,,"Rácenis, 1970", 139165176,Zonophora wucherpfennigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,wucherpfennigi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1941", 139165215,Heteragrion ovatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,ovatum,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 139165246,Oxystigma caerulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Oxystigma,caerulans,,,,,"De Marmels, 1987", 139165273,Oxystigma cyanofrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Oxystigma,cyanofrons,,,,,"Williamson, 1919", 139165659,Lauromacromia bedei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lauromacromia,bedei,,,,,"Machado, 2005", 139165790,Lauromacromia luismoojeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lauromacromia,luismoojeni,,,,,"(Santos, 1967)", 139165814,Lauromacromia melanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lauromacromia,melanica,,,,,"Pinto & Carvalho, 2010", 139165819,Lauromacromia picinguaba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lauromacromia,picinguaba,,,,,"Carvalho, Salgado, & Werneck-de-Carvalho, 2004", 139165950,Neocordulia biancoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,biancoi,,,,,"Rácenis, 1970", 139165994,Neocordulia campana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,campana,,,,,"May & Knopf, 1988", 139166017,Neocordulia carlochagasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,carlochagasi,,,,,"Santos, 1967", 139166116,Neocordulia fiorentini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,fiorentini,,,,,"Costa & Machado, 2007", 139166175,Neocordulia gaucha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,gaucha,,,,,"Costa & Machado, 2007", 139166190,Neocordulia machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,machadoi,,,,,"Santos, Costa & Carriço, 2010", 139166205,Neocordulia matutuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,matutuensis,,,,,"Machado, 2005", 139166226,Neocordulia pedroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,pedroi,,,,,"Costa, Carriço & Santos, 2010", 139166230,Neocordulia santacatarinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,santacatarinensis,,,,,"Costa, Ravanello & Souza-Franco, 2008", 139166455,Lestes bipupillatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,bipupillatus,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 139166473,Lestes minutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,minutus,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 139166490,Lestes scalaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,scalaris,,,,,"Gundlach, 1888", 139166553,Lestes spatula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,spatula,,,,,"Fraser, 1946", 139166591,Lestes tricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,tricolor,,,,,"Hoffmansegg in Shomburgk, 1848", 139166706,Carajathemis simone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Carajathemis,simone,,,,,"Machado, 2012", 139166712,Dasythemis venosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dasythemis,venosa,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 139166729,Dythemis rufinervis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Dythemis,rufinervis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 139166782,Garrisonia aurindae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Garrisonia,aurindae,,,,,"Penalva & Costa, 2007", 139167043,Macrothemis absimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,absimilis,,,,,"Costa, 1991", 139167145,Macrothemis delia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,delia,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 139167148,Macrothemis fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,fallax,,,,,"May, 1998", 139167158,Macrothemis guarauno,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,guarauno,,,,,"Rácenis, 1957", 139167168,Macrothemis hosanai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,hosanai,,,,,"Santos, 1967", 139167191,Macrothemis newtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,newtoni,,,,,"Costa, 1990", 139167194,Macrothemis nobilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,nobilis,,,,,"Rácenis, 1957", 139167198,Macrothemis proterva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,proterva,,,,,"Belle, 1987", 139167201,Micrathyria almeidai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,almeidai,,,,,"Santos, 1945", 139167216,Micrathyria debilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,debilis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1861)", 139167227,Micrathyria eximia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,eximia,,,,,"Kirby, 1897", 139167241,Micrathyria hesperis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,hesperis,,,,,"Ris, 1911", 139167244,Nephepeltia berlai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nephepeltia,berlai,,,,,"Santos, 1950", 139167247,Oligoclada borrori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,borrori,,,,,"Santos, 1945", 139167250,Oligoclada calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,calverti,,,,,"Santos, 1951", 139167315,Oligoclada mortis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,mortis,,,,,"Pinto & Lamas, 2011", 139167343,Oligoclada waikinimae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,waikinimae,,,,,"De Marmels, 1992", 139167357,Orthemis ambirufa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,ambirufa,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 139167364,Orthemis garrisoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,garrisoni,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2012", 139167367,Orthemis levis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,levis,,,,,"Calvert, 1906", 139167381,Perithemis capixaba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Perithemis,capixaba,,,,,"Costa, De Souza & Muzón, 2006", 139167427,Planiplax phoenicura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Planiplax,phoenicura,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 139167442,Scapanea frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Scapanea,frontalis,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 139167462,Tauriphila xiphea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tauriphila,xiphea,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 139167471,Uracis turrialba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Uracis,turrialba,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 139167577,Teinopodagrion lepidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,lepidum,,,,,"(Rácenis, 1959)", 139167642,Philogenia augusti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,augusti,,,,,"Calvert, 1924", 139167702,Philogenia expansa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,expansa,,,,,"Calvert, 1924", 139167707,Philogenia terraba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,terraba,,,,,"Calvert, 1907", 139167754,Philogenia zeteki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,zeteki,,,,,"Westfall & Cumming, 1956", 139167813,Chalcopteryx machadoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Chalcopteryx,machadoi,,,,,"Costa, 2005", 139167848,Chalcopteryx seabrai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Chalcopteryx,seabrai,,,,,"Santos & Machado, 1961", 22690804,Columbina cyanopis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columbina,cyanopis,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1870)", 145974011,Aspidura ravanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,ravanai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Kandambi, Pyron & Wickramasinghe, 2017", 145974379,Aspidura desilvai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Aspidura,desilvai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Bandara, Vidanapathirana & Wickramasinghe, 2019","Wickramasinghe et al. (2019) described a new species, Aspidura desilvai sp. nov., closely resembling A. trachyprocta and the last addition to the genus, from Knuckles massif, Matale District, of Sri Lanka." 146057852,Buergeria otai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Buergeria,otai,,,,,"Wang, Hsiao, Lee, Tseng, Lin, Komaki & Lin, 2018",This species is a split from the broader concept of Buergeria japonica (Wang et al. 2018). 241,Acipenser mikadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,mikadoi,,,,,"Hilgendorf, 1892","The taxonomic status of the species has only recently been clarified. Previously, it was considered conspecific with North American Green Sturgeon (A. medirostris) (Shmigirilov et al. 2007)." 236,Acipenser sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,sinensis,,,,,"Gray, 1835","The Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis is restricted to the main channel of the Yangtze and the Pearl rivers and the East and South China Seas. Though there is still disagreement about the taxonomy of the Pearl and Yangtze River populations, Chinese scholars commonly divide Chinese Sturgeon into two populations; one is the Pearl River Chinese Sturgeon, which spawns in spring, and is close to dying out. The other is the Yangtze River Chinese Sturgeon, which spawns in autumn and still maintains a certain amount below the Gezhouba Dam." 228,Acipenser schrenckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,schrenckii,,,,,"Brandt, 1869", 18428,Psephurus gladius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,POLYODONTIDAE,Psephurus,gladius,,,,,"(Martens, 1862)", 10268,Huso dauricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Huso,dauricus,,,,,"(Georgi, 1775)", 146280943,Thymallus aeliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Thymallus,aeliani,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1848", 139120960,Neurobasis daviesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,daviesi,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1993", 139440501,Luzonargiolestes baltazarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Luzonargiolestes,baltazarae,,,,,"(Gapud & Recuenco-Adorada, 2001)", 139121079,Neurobasis luzoniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,luzoniensis,,,,,"Selys, 1879", 139121086,Neurobasis subpicta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,subpicta,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1990", 139121901,Vestalis melania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,melania,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 122150545,Mortonagrion astamii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,astamii,,,,,"Villanueva & Cahilog, 2013", 122209257,Euphaea cora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,cora,,,,,"Ris, 1930", 122209458,Euphaea refulgens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,refulgens,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853", 122210173,Leptogomphus palawanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,palawanus,,,,,"Asahina, 1968", 122210215,Leptogomphus semperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,semperi,,,,,"Selys, 1878", 122362383,Agrionoptera bartola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,bartola,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1937","

Agrionoptera bartola was described from a single female specimen (Needham & Gyger 1937) without locality information beyond the fact that it was collected in the Philippines. It is close to, and quite likely a junior synonym of, Agrionoptera sexlineata.

" 122447465,Diplacina bolivari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,bolivari,,,,,"Selys, 1882", 122801726,Rhinocypha colorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,colorata,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 122802233,Rhinocypha sanguinolenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,sanguinolenta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1961", 122802439,Rhinocypha turconii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,turconii,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 123529516,Telosticta paruatia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,paruatia,,,,,"(van Tol, 2005)", 139344766,Chlorogomphus splendidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,splendidus,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)","

Laidlaw (1911) recorded a female of Orogomphus ?splendidus from Sarawak and later (Laidlaw 1914) an additional female as Orogomphus ?splendidus, also from Sarawak. These records have been repeated by subsequent authors. However there is no convincing evidence that the females from Borneo belong to the same species as the true C. splendidus from Luzon in the Philippines and they are not treated as being C. splendidus for assessment purposes. Similarly the species has been listed from Taiwan but these records appear to refer to C. risi and all records from China and Taiwan are left out of consideration for assessment purposes.

" 139346566,Pericnemis bonita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,bonita,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 139346882,Pericnemis flavicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,flavicornis,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 139346947,Pericnemis incallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,incallida,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 139347150,Pericnemis lestoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,lestoides,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139347178,Pericnemis melansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,melansoni,,,,,"Villanueva, Medina & Jumawan, 2013", 139347548,Pseudagrion buenafei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,buenafei,,,,,"Müller, 1996", 139349091,Pseudagrion evanidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,evanidum,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 139351805,Stenagrion petermilleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Stenagrion,petermilleri,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1997", 139352357,Procordulia moroensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,moroensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1977", 139354211,Devadatta basilanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,basilanensis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1934", 139364570,Gomphidia kirschii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,kirschii,,,,,"Selys, 1878","Garrison et al. (2015) highlighted Mitragomphus ganzanus (supposedly collected from Prana, Brazil) as a junior synonym of Gomphidia kirschii (a species endemic to the Philippines) and suggested that M. ganzanus was incorrectly labelled as to its locality and collector. This also means that the monotypic genus Mitragomphus Needham, 1944 is a synonym of the genus Gomphidia Selys, 1854 (Garrison et al. 2015)." 139366014,Heliogomphus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,olivaceus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1961","

A form allied to Heliogomphus olivaceus is known from Borneo, see Dow & Stokvis (2018) but it is not clear if they are the same species or not at this time. For assessment purposes the Bornean form is left out of consideration but if they do eventually prove to be the same species then re-assessment will be necessary.

" 139440885,Cyrano angustior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Cyrano,angustior,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1989", 139442972,Ceriagrion lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,lieftincki,,,,,"Asahina, 1967", 139541671,Pandanobasis cantuga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pandanobasis,cantuga,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1939)", 139541726,Pandanobasis curacha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pandanobasis,curacha,,,,,"Villanueva, 2012", 139541745,Pandanobasis daku,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pandanobasis,daku,,,,,"Villanueva, 2012", 139541948,Pandanobasis mcgregori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pandanobasis,mcgregori,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1939)", 139542112,Paracercion pendulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,pendulum,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1939)", 139544386,Sangabasis braulitae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,braulitae,,,,,"(Villanueva, 2005)", 139544736,Sangabasis bukid,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,bukid,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 139544741,Sangabasis bulba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,bulba,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 139544824,Sangabasis cahilogi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,cahilogi,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 139544865,Sangabasis carmelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,carmelae,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 139544878,Sangabasis circularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,circularis,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1974)", 139544948,Sangabasis dentifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,dentifer,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1939)",

Villanueva and Dow (2014) noted that there are some differences between populations of this species from mainland Mindanao and those from Dinagat and Siargao Islands. The view taken here is that these differences merely represent variation within a single species.

139545032,Sangabasis furcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,furcata,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139545047,Sangabasis hamis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,hamis,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 139545346,Sangabasis janvantoli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,janvantoli,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 139545355,Sangabasis zamboanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,zamboanga,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 139545569,Teinobasis annamalija,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,annamalija,,,,,"Hämäläinen & Müller, 1989", 139545581,Teinobasis corolla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,corolla,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 139545605,Teinobasis filiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,filiformis,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139545638,Teinobasis filum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,filum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139545680,Teinobasis hamalaineni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,hamalaineni,,,,,"Müller, 1992", 139545692,Teinobasis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,nigra,,,,,"Campion in Laidlaw, 1928", 139545894,Teinobasis olivacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,olivacea,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 139545908,Teinobasis ranee,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,ranee,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1941", 139546000,Teinobasis recurva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,recurva,,,,,"(Selys, 1877)", 139546034,Teinobasis rubricauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,rubricauda,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1974", 139546802,Teinobasis strigosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,strigosa,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1939", 139547001,Cyclophaea cyanifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Cyclophaea,cyanifrons,,,,,"Ris, 1930", 139548368,Heterophaea barbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Heterophaea,barbata,,,,,"(Martin, 1902)", 139548831,Paragomphus balneorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,balneorum,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1937)", 139548915,Diplacina guentherpetersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,guentherpetersi,,,,,"Villanueva, 2012",

Diplacina guentherpetersi appears to differ from D. bolivari Selys mostly in details of colouration and wing venation and confirmation that it is really a distinct species rather than a variant of D. bolivari is needed.

139548970,Diplacina holgerhungeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,holgerhungeri,,,,,"Villanueva, 2012",

Diplacina holgerhungeri appears to differ from D. bolivari Selys mostly in details of colouration and confirmation that it is really a distinct species rather than a variant of D. bolivari is needed.

139549052,Diplacina paragua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,paragua,,,,,"Villanueva, 2012", 139549062,Lyriothemis latro,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,latro,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1937", 139549067,Protorthemis intermedia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Protorthemis,intermedia,,,,,"Fraser, 1936", 139549193,Macromia negrito,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,negrito,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1937", 139549213,Rhinagrion reinhardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,reinhardi,,,,,"Kalkman & Villanueva, 2011", 139549239,Rhinagrion schneideri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,schneideri,,,,,"Kalkman & Villanueva, 2011", 139549557,Asthenocnemis linnaei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Asthenocnemis,linnaei,,,,,"Gassmann & Hämäläinen, 2008", 139554272,Asthenocnemis stephanodera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Asthenocnemis,stephanodera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 139554286,Coeliccia axinocercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,axinocercus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1974", 139554749,Coeliccia boettcheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,boettcheri,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 139554761,Coeliccia dinoceras,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,dinoceras,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1925", 139555954,Coeliccia palawana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,palawana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 139556008,Coeliccia werneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,werneri,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1961", 139559714,Igneocnemis calceata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,calceata,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)", 139559727,Igneocnemis flammea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,flammea,,,,,"(Selys, 1882)", 139559753,Igneocnemis fuligifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,fuligifrons,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)", 139560577,Igneocnemis haematopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,haematopus,,,,,"(Selys, 1882)", 139560702,Igneocnemis ignea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,ignea,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139560865,Igneocnemis incisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,incisa,,,,,"(Kimmins, 1936)", 139561186,Igneocnemis kaiseri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,kaiseri,,,,,"(Gassmann & Hämäläinen, 2002)", 139561234,Igneocnemis melanops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,melanops,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)", 139561436,Igneocnemis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,nigra,,,,,"(Gassmann & Hämäläinen, 2002)", 139561597,Igneocnemis odobeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,odobeni,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)", 139561690,Igneocnemis pistor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,pistor,,,,,"(Gassmann & Hämäläinen, 2002)", 139561905,Igneocnemis plebeja,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,plebeja,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)", 139562955,Igneocnemis polilloensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,polilloensis,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)", 139563724,Igneocnemis rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,rubripes,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1939)", 139563883,Igneocnemis siniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,siniae,,,,,"(Hämäläinen, 1991)", 139563979,Igneocnemis tendipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Igneocnemis,tendipes,,,,,"(Needham & Gyger, 1941)", 139564048,Prodasineura integra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,integra,,,,,"(Selys, 1882)", 139564224,Prodasineura palawana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,palawana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948","

A record of Prodasineura palawana from Balabac (Hämäläinen & Muller 1997) might refer to the recently described P. poncei Villanueva & Cahilog, 2013 which is only known from Balabac. However P. poncei is very similar to P. palawana structurally and might eventually prove to be a junior synonym of this species.

" 139564263,Prodasineura poncei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,poncei,,,,,"Villanueva & Cahilog, 2013","

Prodasineura poncei is very similar to P. palawana Lieftinck, 1948, differing only in having a reduced or absent antehumeral stripe, and might eventually prove to be a junior synonym of P. palawana.

" 139564283,Risiocnemis appendiculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,appendiculata,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139564472,Risiocnemis arator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,arator,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139564484,Risiocnemis confusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,confusa,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139564504,Risiocnemis corbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,corbeti,,,,,"Villanueva, 2009", 139565297,Risiocnemis elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,elegans,,,,,"Kitagawa, 1990","The Roland Müller collection contains a number of specimens identified as allied to Risiocnemis elegans by M. Hämäläinen (pers. comm. 2019: unpub. database of specimens from collection R. Müller identified by M. Hämäläinen); the status of these specimens is unresolved. The view taken for assessment purposes is that only the type series and other specimens identified as elegans in published sources are definitely R. elegans and other specimens are left out of consideration. Hämäläinen (1991) noted that R. varians Hämäläinen, 1991 might eventually prove to be a junior synonym of R. elegans but Hämäläinen and Muller (1997: 279) noted that material collected in Quirino Province after the publication of Hämäläinen (1991) “seems to indicate that R. elegans and R. varians are different species.”" 139565367,Risiocnemis erythrura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,erythrura,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139565397,Risiocnemis gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,gracilis,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139565409,Risiocnemis hamalaineni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,hamalaineni,,,,,"Villanueva, 2009", 139565462,Risiocnemis kiautai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,kiautai,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139565471,Risiocnemis laguna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,laguna,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139565500,Risiocnemis moroensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,moroensis,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991","The species was described from the female sex only and although male specimens subsequently became available, no description of the male has been published to the assessor’s knowledge." 139565510,Risiocnemis praeusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,praeusta,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139565719,Risiocnemis rolandmuelleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,rolandmuelleri,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139565872,Risiocnemis varians,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Risiocnemis,varians,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991","Hämäläinen (1991) noted that Risiocnemis varians might eventually prove to be a junior synonym of R. elegans but Hämäläinen and Muller (1997) noted that material collected in Quirino Province after the publication of Hämäläinen (1991) “seems to indicate that R. elegans and R. varians are different species.” This issue has not yet been satisfactorily resolved, but the two are treated as distinct for assessment purposes." 139565907,Drepanosticta acuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,acuta,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139565939,Drepanosticta annulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,annulata,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 139566036,Drepanosticta aries,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,aries,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1941", 139566045,Drepanosticta aurita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,aurita,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139566056,Drepanosticta belyshevi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,belyshevi,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1991", 139566082,Drepanosticta clados,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,clados,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139566089,Drepanosticta flavomaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,flavomaculata,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139566109,Drepanosticta furcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,furcata,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139566159,Drepanosticta halterata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,halterata,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)",Drepanosticta halterata and its allies are in need of revision and it is possible that records from some locations that are considered to belong to D. halterata here will eventually prove to be different species. 139566230,Drepanosticta hamalaineni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,hamalaineni,,,,,"Villanueva, Van Der Ploeg & Van Weerd, 2011", 139567662,Drepanosticta hermes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,hermes,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139567776,Drepanosticta leonardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,leonardi,,,,,"Villanueva, Gapud & Lin, 2011", 139567828,Drepanosticta lestoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,lestoides,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)", 139567932,Drepanosticta lymetta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,lymetta,,,,,"Cowley, 1936", 139568018,Drepanosticta makilingia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,makilingia,,,,,"Gapud, 2006", 139568026,Drepanosticta malleus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,malleus,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139568078,Drepanosticta megametta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,megametta,,,,,"Cowley, 1936", 139568128,Drepanosticta moorei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,moorei,,,,,"van Tol & Müller, 2003", 139568377,Drepanosticta mylitta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,mylitta,,,,,"Cowley, 1936", 139568480,Drepanosticta myzouris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,myzouris,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139568681,Drepanosticta philippa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,philippa,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1961", 139568750,Drepanosticta pistor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,pistor,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139568795,Drepanosticta quadricornu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,quadricornu,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139568933,Drepanosticta sugbo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,sugbo,,,,,"Villanueva & Seidenschwarz, 2012", 139569066,Drepanosticta taurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,taurus,,,,,"Needham & Gyger, 1941", 139569154,Drepanosticta trachelocele,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,trachelocele,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139569432,Drepanosticta trimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,trimaculata,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1939", 139569536,Drepanosticta wildermuthi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,wildermuthi,,,,,"Villanueva & Schorr, 2011", 139569559,Protosticta lepteca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,lepteca,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139569850,Sulcosticta pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Sulcosticta,pallida,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139569892,Sulcosticta sierramadrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Sulcosticta,sierramadrensis,,,,,"Villanueva, Van Der Ploeg & Van Weerd, 2011", 139569914,Sulcosticta vantoli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Sulcosticta,vantoli,,,,,"Villanueva & Schorr, 2011", 139569928,Sulcosticta viticula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Sulcosticta,viticula,,,,,"van Tol, 2005", 139570899,Macromidia asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,asahinai,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1971", 88160339,Platyrrhinus fusciventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,fusciventris,,,,,"Velazco, Gardner & Patterson, 2010", 22693388,Calidris temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,temminckii,,,,,"(Leisler, 1812)", 22715310,Phylloscopus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,inornatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 55313,Duellmanohyla soralia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Duellmanohyla,soralia,,,,,"(Wilson & McCranie, 1985)", 9877,Hemicycla modesta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Hemicycla,modesta,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1822)","According to the original pictures and description, this species appears to be somewhat similar to H. melchori with regard to the sculpture of the shell (Vega-Luz and Vega-Luz 2008). However, this species is described from a locality far away, although also on the island of Tenerife. Genetically, H. modesta belongs to a clade including also species of the H. plicaria group (H. plicaria, H. bethencourtiana) and the H. consobrina group (H. consobrina consobrina, H. consobrina nivariae, H. consobrina retrodens, H. melchori, H. fulgida, H. invernicata) but appears to be more closely related to H. plicaria and H. bethencourtiana than to the other taxa (M. Neiber unpublished data).

According to Bank et al (2002), the name modesta appeared twice as a nomen nudum in A. Férussac in 1821; in both publications, Férussac referred to plate 42 fig. 1. This plate was actually published by Férussac in 1822, but without explanations on the plate or on the covers. However, the identity of fig. 2 can be inferred from the two 1821 publications. Bank et al. (2002) considered 1822 as the publication date of modesta, as the name became for the first time nomenclaturally available in the year the plate was published, and we follow that opinion here." 145406260,Zhangixalus lishuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,lishuiensis,,,,,"(Liu, Wang & Jiang, 2017)", 145419451,Zhangixalus zhoukaiyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,zhoukaiyae,,,,,"(Pan, Zhang & Zhang, 2017)","This species is the sister taxon of Rhacophorus dorsoviridis, and was previously confused with Rhacophorus nigropunctatus according to Pan et al. (2017)." 56506,Craugastor charadra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,charadra,,,,,"(Campbell & Savage, 2000)", 29426,Nototriton brodiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,brodiei,,,,,"Campbell & Smith, 1998",The taxonomic relationship of this species to Cryptotriton monzoni needs to be investigated (D. Wake and G. Parra-Olea pers. comm. 2007). 55422,Bromeliohyla bromeliacia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Bromeliohyla,bromeliacia,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1933)", 55911,Ptychohyla hypomykter,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ptychohyla,hypomykter,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1993",Much of the scientific literature uses the name Ptychohyla spinipollex for this species. McCranie and Wilson (1993b) explain the correct usage of the names. 58749,Lithobates warszewitschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,warszewitschii,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)", 59189,Bolitoglossa odonnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,odonnelli,,,,,"(Stuart, 1943)","This form is part of a complex of three species that are difficult to separate morphologically, making it hard to know which species occurs where. It might be conspecific with Bolitoglossa mexicana." 61545710,Cryptotriton nasalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Cryptotriton,nasalis,,,,,"(Dunn, 1924)",McCranie and Rovito (2014) synonymised Cryptotriton wakei with this species. 146946489,Citharoides macrolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CITHARIDAE,Citharoides,macrolepidotus,,,,,"Hubbs, 1915","In the past, Citharoides macrolepidotus has been considered by some authors to be a junior synonym of Paracitharus macrolepis (e.g., Norman 1934). 

Hubbs (1915) described Citharoides macrolepidotus. Earlier, Gilchrist (1904) had described a species macrolepis that he placed in the bothid genus Arnoglossus. Regan (1920) determined that A. macrolepis was not a member of this bothid genus, so he described a new genus, Paracitharus, for this species.

Norman (1934) considered Paracitharus as a junior synonym of Citharoides and also synonymized P. macrolepis with C. macrolepidotus. He considered there to be only a single genus and species with the name Citharoides macrolepis (Gilchrist 1904). Hubbs (1945) recognized both species and genera as valid based on differences in the canal shape on their posterior lateral line scales. Hoshino (2001), based on this character and other morphological data, confirmed these observations and agreed that both species and genera were distinct from each other. 

Following the morphological data of Hubbs (1945) and Hoshino (2001), Paracitharus is herein recognized as a valid genus, distinct from Citharoides, and C. macrolepidotus is recognized as a valid species, distinct from P. macrolepis." 146946513,Citharoides orbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CITHARIDAE,Citharoides,orbitalis,,,,,"Hoshino, 2000", 146946542,Lepidoblepharon ophthalmolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CITHARIDAE,Lepidoblepharon,ophthalmolepis,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 146946640,Cynoglossus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,abbreviatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1834)", 146946645,Cynoglossus brachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,brachycephalus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1870","

This species has long been considered to be a synonym of Cynoglossus kopsii (Bleeker 1851) by some authors (e.g., Norman 1928, Menon 1977, Shen et al. 1993, Shen and Wu 2011). Wang et al. (2016) and Lee (2019) considered Cynoglossus brachycephalus to be a valid species. Currently, it is considered valid in the Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2020); however, further work is needed to clarify the status of this nominal species. 

" 146946654,Cynoglossus broadhursti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,broadhursti,,,,,"Waite, 1905", 146946663,Cynoglossus cleopatridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,cleopatridis,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1949","Menon (1977) considered this species to be a junior synonym of Cynoglossus dollfusi; however, this hypothesis is not supported by the data. Despite the two species being currently considered distinct, more specimens are needed for a better understanding of the taxon (Munroe 2017). Furthermore, Gruvel and Chabanaud (1937) reported C. lingua from the Red Sea based on the specimen that Chabanaud (1949) later designated as the holotype of C. cleopatridis. These two species are currently considered to be valid species (Munroe 2017)." 146946679,Cynoglossus crepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,crepida,,,,,"Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017", 146946690,Cynoglossus dollfusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,dollfusi,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1931)","This species was originally described by Chabanaud (1931) as Paraplagusia dollfusi based on a single specimen. Shortly after, Gruvel and Chabanaud (1937) placed P. dollfusi in the genus Cynoglossus as Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi (Munroe and Kong 2016). However, when Gruvel and Chabanaud (1937) transferred this species to Cynoglossus, the designation was not explicit, leading several subsequent authors to believe that Gruvel and Chabanaud (1937) had described a new species (see Munroe and Kong 2016, Munroe 2017 for history). Uncertainty was further aggravated by the apparent loss of the only two known specimens. Extensive analysis of the taxonomic history of this species, as well as the location of the two long lost known specimens, has confirmed that Paraplagusia dollfusi and Cynoglossus (Trulla) dollfusi referred to the same species, now valid as Cynoglossus dollfusi (Munroe 2017). Furthermore, C. dollfusi had been proposed to be a senior synonym of C. cleopatridis (Menon 1977). The two specimens of C. dollfusi were misidentified as C. sealarki by Chabanaud (1947, 1954), and thus C. dollfusi was treated as a junior subjective synonym of C. sealarki. Recently, Munroe (2017) determined that these two misidentified specimens were actually the holotype and the second known specimen of C. dollfusi. Cynoglossus dollfusi is a valid species distinct from C. sealarki and C. cleopatridis (Munroe and Kong 2016, Munroe 2017)." 146946722,Cynoglossus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,gracilis,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 146946732,Cynoglossus interruptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,interruptus,,,,,"Günther, 1880","This species was long considered to have two forms, one was characterized by having two lateral lines and the other by having three lateral lines. Yokogawa et al. (2008b) examined isozymes and demonstrated these forms are genetically distinct at the specific level. The species with two lateral lines was identified as Cynoglossus interruptus, while the form with three lateral lines was described as the new species, Cynoglossus ochiaii (Yokogawa et al. 2008b)." 146946735,Cynoglossus itinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,itinus,,,,,"(Snyder, 1909)", 146946749,Cynoglossus joyneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,joyneri,,,,,"Günther, 1878","Menon (1977) considered Cynoglossus lighti Norman 1925, C. tenuis (Oshima 1927) and C. tshusanensis Chabanaud 1951 as junior subjective synonyms of Cynglossus joyneri. Cynoglossus tenuis is known only from the holotype, collected in Taiwan, and this specimen has subsequently been lost. Cynoglossus tshusanensis was described on the basis of three specimens collected off China. It has been regarded as a junior subjective synonym of C. joyneri by most authors that have dealt with this nominal species. Cynoglossus lighti has been considered a valid species by several authors working with this nominal species, but the prevailing opinion is that this is a junior subjective synonym of C. joyneri (see Fricke et al. 2020 for relevant literature)." 146946774,Cynoglossus maculipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,maculipinnis,,,,,"Rendahl, 1921", 146946888,Cynoglossus microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,microphthalmus,,,,,"(von Bonde, 1922)","There has been confusion regarding the validity of this nominal species. Menon (1977) considered it to be a junior subjective synonym of Cynoglossus capensis, though he noted several characters to distinguish the nominal species. Barnard (1925) also noted differences in characters of specimens that he identified as Trulla microphthalmus compared to those of C. capensis, however, he did not consider these differences to be significant enough to recognize two species. Further study based on additional material is needed to resolve this taxonomic question (T. Munroe unpublished data). Munroe (unpublished data) considers the morphological differences sufficient to recognize both as valid species." 146946895,Cynoglossus nanhaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,nanhaiensis,,,,,"Wang, Munroe & Kong, 2016", 146946915,Cynoglossus nigropinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,nigropinnatus,,,,,"Ochiai, 1963", 146946919,Cynoglossus ochiaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,ochiaii,,,,,"Yokogawa, Endo & Sakaji, 2008","Cynoglossus interruptus was long considered to have two forms, one was characterized by having two lateral lines and the other by having three lateral lines. Recently, isozymic analysis demonstrated these forms are genetically distinct at the specific level. The species with two lateral lines was identified as Cynoglossus interruptus, while the form with three lateral lines was described as the new species, Cynoglossus ochiaii (Yokogawa et al. 2008). Thus, data from prior to the description of C. ochiaii, data for the two species were intermingled." 146946922,Cynoglossus ogilbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,ogilbyi,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 146947088,Cynoglossus oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,oligolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)","This nominal species was originally described based on a single specimen (36.5 cm total length) as Plagusia oligolepis Bleeker 1855 from Java, Indonesia. Norman (1928) considered Cynoglossus oligolepis as a junior synonym of C. macrolepidotus (Bleeker). Menon (1977) considered both C. macrolepidotus and C. oligolepis as junior synonyms of C. arel. Li and Wang (1995) considered both C. oligolepis and C. arel as valid species, and it was included in the comparative material for the description of C. crepida (Fricke et al. 2017). 

Given the confusion, the taxonomic status of this nominal species remains uncertain. More work is needed to establish the validity of this nominal species. Erring on the side that this species is valid, we provide an assessment using information only on this species and not that of proposed senior synonyms." 146947112,Cynoglossus pottii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,pottii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1902","This nominal species was described on the basis of two specimens, which are apparently lost. Features overlap those of two other species of Cynoglossus from the Red Sea, so the taxonomic status of C. pottii is uncertain (Bogorodsky and Randall 2019, T. Munroe pers. comm. 2019)." 146947121,Cynoglossus praecisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,praecisus,,,,,"Alcock, 1890","

This species was previously considered a junior synonym of Cynoglossus brachycephalus (Norman 1928) and C. kopsii (Menon 1977) but was recently treated as valid (Wang et al. 2016).

" 146947137,Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,purpureomaculatus,,,,,"Regan, 1905","Regan (1905) described Cynoglossus purpureomaculatus on the basis of a single specimen from the Inland Sea of Japan. Matsubara (1955) and Ochiai (1963) consider C. purpureomaculatus Regan a junior synonym of C. trigrammus. Menon (1977) considered both C. purpureomaculatus and C. trigrammus as junior synonyms of C. abbreviatus. Lindberg and Fedorov (1993) also consider C. purpureomaculatus a junior synonym of C. abbreviatus. 

However, later authors, e.g., Li and Wang (1995) and Kottelat (2001, 2013), consider C. purpureomaculatus to be a valid species. These authors (Li and Wang 1995; Kottelat 2001, 2013) also placed Cynoglossus pellegrini Wu 1932 in the synonymy of C. purpureomaculatus. Chevey and Lemasson (1937) reported Cynoglossus pellegrini from the Gulf of Tonkin.  
Available evidence (Li and Wang 1995; Kottelat 2001, 2013) as well as that contained in Chevey and Lemasson (1937; according to Kottelat 2001), supports recognition of C. purpureomaculatus as a valid species." 146947149,Cynoglossus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,robustus,,,,,"Günther, 1873", 146947164,Cynoglossus sealarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,sealarki,,,,,"Regan, 1908","Chabanaud (1947) misidentified two specimens of Cynoglossus dollfusi as C. sealarki. Recently, Munroe (2017) determined that these two misidentified specimens were actually the holotype and the second known specimen of C. dollfusi." 146947167,Cynoglossus sibogae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,sibogae,,,,,"Weber, 1913","Weber (1913) described Cynoglossus sibogae based on two specimens collected off Indonesia. Norman (1928) questioned whether C. sibogae was a junior synonym of C. brachycephalus Bleeker 1875. Menon (1977) regarded both C. sibogae and C. brachycephalus as synonyms of C. kopsii (Bleeker 1851). Later authors (e.g., Li and Wang 1995, Mohsin and Ambak 1996, Munroe 2000, Wang et al. 2016) consider C. sibogae to be a valid species distinct from C. kopsii and C. brachycephalus. Although further research is required to clarify the taxonomic status of these nominal species, for the purposes of this work, C. sibogae is regarded as a valid species." 146947291,Cynoglossus suyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,suyeni,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 146947936,Cynoglossus trulla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,trulla,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)","Plagusia trulla (now C. trulla), described by Cantor (1849), has a complicated nomenclatural history. At least two other species, Cynoglossus borneensis Bleeker 1858 and C. sinicus Wu 1932, have been entangled in the synonymy of P. trulla (Menon 1977). In his global revision of the genus Cynoglossus, Menon (1977) incorrectly regarded C. borneensis as the senior synonym of Plagusia trulla. However, since C. trulla was described earlier than C. borneensis, this former species has precedence and C. trulla is the appropriate name for this taxon.  

Cynoglossus sinicus Wu 1932 is currently (Kottelat 2013) regarded as a junior synonym of C. trulla. According to Kottelat (2013), Li and Wang (1995) treated C. sinicus as specifically distinct (and valid) from C. borneensis (or from a species locally misidentified as C. borneensis). Given the taxonomic uncertainty regarding the specimens Li and Wang (1995) identified as C. borneensis, more work is needed to determine what species they actually had under consideration.

For the purpose of this assessment, the account of Cynoglossus trulla also includes information reported for C. borneensis and C. sinicus." 146947943,Cynoglossus versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,versicolor,,,,,"Alcock, 1890", 146947989,Paraplagusia guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Paraplagusia,guttata,,,,,"(Macleay, 1878)","Paraplagusia guttata (Macleay 1878) has had a complex nomenclatural history. It has been considered a junior subjective synonym of Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch 1787) by many authors, including Menon (1980) in his revision of the genus Paraplagusia. Chapleau and Renaud (1993) in their treatment of species of Paraplagusia from Australian waters also considered this species as a synonym of P. bilineata (Bloch 1787), as did Johnson (1999, 2010) and Larson et al. (2013). In contrast, Li and Wang (1995), Randall and Lim (2000), and Hutchins (2004) considered P. guttata as a valid species.
 
Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch 1787) has had an equally complex nomenclatural history, with many nominal species of Paraplagusia placed in its synonymy. Likely, several of these nominal species are valid, but the taxonomic work to resolve this problem has not been conducted. Preliminary observations (T.A. Munroe unpublished data) indicate that P. guttata should be recognized as a valid species and it is therefore treated as such herein." 146948008,Paraplagusia japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Paraplagusia,japonica,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 146948812,Paraplagusia longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Paraplagusia,longirostris,,,,,"Chapleau, Renaud & Kailola, 1991", 146948841,Paraplagusia sinerama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Paraplagusia,sinerama,,,,,"Chapleau & Renaud, 1993", 146948845,Symphurus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,arabicus,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1954", 146948857,Symphurus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,australis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1907","McCulloch (1907) originally described Symphurus strictus var. australis based on a single specimen collected in relatively deep water off southeastern Australia. This taxon is now regarded as a valid species, Symphurus australis." 146948866,Symphurus bathyspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,bathyspilus,,,,,"Krabbenhoft & Munroe, 2003","Symphurus bathyspilus Krabbenhoft and Munroe 2003 was described from specimens collected in the Philippines and Indonesia. Other specimens tentatively identified as this species collected in other Indo-West Pacific localities likely represent a complex of at least six nominal species (M.-Y. Lee pers. comm. 2021). Further research is needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these specimens, to better understand the diversity within this potential species complex, and to provide more accurate information on the distribution of S. bathyspilus (sensu Krabbenhoft and Munroe 2003)." 146948887,Symphurus fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,fallax,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1957","This species was described on the basis of a single specimen, which has since been lost. As such, its taxonomic status remains questionable (Lee et al. 2013)." 146948897,Symphurus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,fuscus,,,,,"Brauer, 1906", 146948906,Symphurus gilesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,gilesii,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)","Symphurus gilesii was described from a single specimen collected in the Bay of Bengal (Alcock 1889). Later, Weber (1913), Weber and de Beaufort (1929), and Norman (1928, 1939) listed this species as occurring in the Kei Islands, Indonesia. Chabanaud (1957) recognized that the specimen from the Kei Islands represented an undescribed species, which he formally described as S. fallax. Subsequently, the type specimen of S. fallax has been lost (Desoutter et al. 2001) and some authors (e.g. Lee et al. 2013) have questioned the validity of S. fallax. For the purposes of this assessment, we consider the specimen from the Kei Islands to represent a species different from S. gilesii (Alcock 1889)." 146948943,Symphurus ginsburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,ginsburgi,,,,,"Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976", 146948957,Symphurus holothuriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,holothuriae,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1948","This species was previously considered a junior synonym of Symphurus microrhynchus (Munroe and Marsh 1997), but is now recognized as a valid species on the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics (Lee et al. 2016)." 146948961,Symphurus hondoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,hondoensis,,,,,"Hubbs, 1915","Originally described on the basis of a single specimen (Hubbs 1915), Symphurus hondoensis was subsequently considered by Matsubara (1955) to be a junior synonym of Symphurus strictus Gilbert 1905. Upon discovery of a second specimen of S. hondoensis, this species was redescribed and recognized as valid by Munroe and Amaoka (1998)." 146948989,Symphurus kyaropterygium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,kyaropterygium,,,,,"Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976", 146948998,Symphurus leucochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,leucochilus,,,,,"Lee, Munroe & Shao, 2014", 146949785,Symphurus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,longirostris,,,,,"Lee, Munroe & Kai, 2016", 146949792,Symphurus maldivensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,maldivensis,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1955","Norman (1939) recorded a specimen caught at JM Station 153 as Symphurus marmoratus. This damaged specimen was later described as a new species, Symphurus maldivensis, by Chabanaud (1955). No additional specimens have been reported, but S. maldivensis is currently regarded as valid (Munroe 1992, 2006, Adam et al. 1998). Additional specimens are needed to more properly assess the taxonomic status of this nominal species." 146951381,Symphurus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,marmoratus,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 146951392,Symphurus megasomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,megasomus,,,,,"Lee, Chen & Shao, 2009", 146951396,Symphurus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,microlepis,,,,,"Garman, 1899", 146951416,Symphurus ocellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,ocellaris,,,,,"Munroe & Robertson, 2005", 146951436,Symphurus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,orientalis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1879)","Bleeker (1879) described Aphoristia orientalis on the basis of a unique holotype that was subsequently lost (Lee et al. 2013). Limited diagnostic characters and loss of the holotype led to confusion regarding the identity of this and other, similar tonguefishes in the Indo-Pacific (Lee et al. 2013). Lee et al. (2013) examined morphological and molecular characters of a large series of specimens collected in Taiwanese and Japanese waters, redefined Symphurus orientalis (Bleeker 1879), and redescribed the species based on these specimens. They also designated a neotype for S. orientalis." 146951447,Symphurus regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,regani,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1929","Weber (1913) described the nominal species, Aphoristia (= Symphurus) elongata. Unfortunately, Weber (1913) did not realize that elongata had already been used by Günther (1868) in naming another nominal species, Aphoristia (= Symphurus) ornata elongata. This latter name has priority. Therefore, Weber and de Beaufort (1929) proposed S. regani as the replacement name for the nominal species Aphoristia elongata Weber 1913." 146951450,Symphurus sayademalhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,sayademalhensis,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1955", 146951460,Symphurus schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,schultzi,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1955", 146951463,Symphurus septemstriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,septemstriata,,,,,"(Alcock, 1891)", 146951485,Symphurus undatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,undatus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 146951488,Symphurus woodmasoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,woodmasoni,,,,,"(Alcock, 1889)","Aphoristia (= Symphurus) woodmasoni Alcock 1889 was described on the basis of a single specimen collected off the Andaman Islands, India. Three additional specimens were later collected from the Bay of Bengal (Alcock 1892). Identifications of these specimens have been verified. Earlier records (Regan 1908, Norman 1928) that report this species from the Saya de Malha Bank are incorrect. These specimens were misidentified and later described by Chabanaud (1955c) as S. sayademalhensis. Additionally, other studies that have reported S. woodmasoni from Oman, Laccadive Islands, Indonesia, and the Philippines (e.g., Norman 1928, 1939; Chabanaud 1955a,b; Munroe 1992) also may not be based on specimens of this species. According to Chabanaud (1954, 1955c) and Krabbenhoft and Munroe (2003), these records may represent other tonguefish species. Likewise, the report of S. woodmasoni from the Philippines by Cabanban et al. (2010), which is based on the same series of specimens reported in Chabanaud (1955a,b), also may be in doubt. Resolution of taxonomic questions regarding the other specimens from beyond the Bay and Bengal and Andaman Sea, which were previously identified as S. woodmasoni, is necessary to establish the actual distribution of S. woodmasoni." 107982537,Cyrtophyllicus chlorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Cyrtophyllicus,chlorum,,,,,"Hebard, 1908", 103779336,Calamonastides bensoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Calamonastides,bensoni,,,,,"(Amadon, 1954)","

Calamonastides gracilirostris and C. bensoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Chloropeta gracilirostris following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 147031512,Chironius leucometapus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,leucometapus,,,,,"Dixon, Wiest & Cei, 1993","This species was elevated from a subspecies of Chironius fuscus by Hollis (2006) based on diagnostic morphological features, but this author did not formally redescribe the species. Torres-Carvajal et al. (2019) fully redescribed this species, identifying further morphological differences." 167444,Ceriagrion cerinorubellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,cerinorubellum,,,,,"(Brauer, 1865)", 174524,Rhinocypha pelops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,pelops,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1936", 174533,Mortonagrion arthuri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,arthuri,,,,,"Fraser, 1942", 190796,Calicnemia chaseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,chaseni,,,,,"Laidlaw in Campion & Laidlaw, 1928", 83153609,Cnemisticta angustilobata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Cnemisticta,angustilobata,,,,,"Donnelly, 1993", 122150489,Mortonagrion amoenum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,amoenum,,,,,"(Ris, 1915)", 122309291,Selysioneura cornelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,cornelia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 122309340,Selysioneura rangifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Selysioneura,rangifera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 122309556,Tanymecosticta leptalea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Tanymecosticta,leptalea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1959", 122447469,Diplacina callirrhoe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,callirrhoe,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 122447489,Huonia aruana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,aruana,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 122876730,Lanthanusa bilineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lanthanusa,bilineata,,,,,"Michalski & Oppel, 2012", 122876890,Lanthanusa donaldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lanthanusa,donaldi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 122877117,Lanthanusa lamberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lanthanusa,lamberti,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 122880200,Lanthanusa sufficiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lanthanusa,sufficiens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 125502530,Arrhenocnemis sinuatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Arrhenocnemis,sinuatipennis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 139120933,Neurobasis awamena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Neurobasis,awamena,,,,,"Michalski, 2006", 139349736,Pseudagrion lorenzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,lorenzi,,,,,"Gassmann, 2011", 139352039,Procordulia artemis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,artemis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1930", 139352044,Procordulia astridae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,astridae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 139352382,Procordulia rantemario,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,rantemario,,,,,"van Tol, 1997", 139352503,Procordulia sambawana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,sambawana,,,,,"(Förster, 1899)", 139353930,Procordulia sylvia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,sylvia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 139371115,Onychogomphus perplexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,perplexus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 139371143,Onychogomphus pollux,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,pollux,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1941", 139371719,Onychogomphus thienemanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,thienemanni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1934", 139373340,Microtrigonia marsupialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Microtrigonia,marsupialis,,,,,"Förster, 1903", 143816669,Hemicordulia cyclopica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,cyclopica,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 143816691,Hemicordulia eduardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,eduardi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 143816721,Hemicordulia teramotoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,teramotoi,,,,,"Yokoi, 2015", 145787545,Diplacina dioxippe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,dioxippe,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 145787747,Diplacina hippolyte,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,hippolyte,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 145787875,Diplacina merope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,merope,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 145788041,Diplacina persephone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,persephone,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 145789151,Drepanosticta emtrai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,emtrai,,,,,"Dow, Kompier & Phan, 2018", 145791237,Huonia thalassophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,thalassophila,,,,,"Förster, 1903", 145791413,Macromia astarte,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,astarte,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1971", 145791680,Macromia celebica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,celebica,,,,,"van Tol, 1994", 145791874,Macromia chalciope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,chalciope,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1952", 145792047,Macromia dione,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,dione,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1971", 141483816,Gobiodon fuscoruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,fuscoruber,,,,,"Herler, Bogorodsky & Suzuki, 2013", 147312623,Aciagrion feuerborni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,feuerborni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1934", 147312657,Aciagrion tonsillare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aciagrion,tonsillare,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 147313450,Argiocnemis ensifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argiocnemis,ensifera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 147332474,Austroallagma sagittiferum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austroallagma,sagittiferum,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 147332491,Ceriagrion batjanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,batjanum,,,,,"Asahina, 1967", 147332494,Ceriagrion hoogerwerfi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,hoogerwerfi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940","

Ceriagrion hoogerwerfi was treated as a subspecies of C. bellona by Asahina (1967) but is still treated as a separate species by some authorities. Since some differences between the two taxa in, for instance, the male anal appendages, are apparent in Asahina’s own illustrations, so Ceriagrion hoogerwerfi is best kept separate from C. bellona until a thorough investigation is made.

" 147332516,Ceriagrion inaequale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,inaequale,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 147332536,Ischnura ariel,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,ariel,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147332540,Ischnura armeniaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,armeniaca,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 147332557,Ischnura isoetes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,isoetes,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147332560,Ischnura oreada,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,oreada,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 147332589,Ischnura stueberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,stueberi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 147332612,Ischnura xanthocyane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,xanthocyane,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1949)", 147332721,Papuagrion carcharodon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,carcharodon,,,,,"Michalski & Oppel, 2007", 147332730,Papuagrion corruptum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,corruptum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 147332851,Papuagrion digitiferum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,digitiferum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147371744,Nothobranchius taiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,taiti,,,,,"Nagy, 2019","

When populations of this species were first found east of Lake Kyoga in Uganda by Tait in 1969 and 1971, they were referred to as N. cf. taeniopygus, based on some affinities shown in male colouration. The locality of the population from Uganda is, however, far-removed from the known northern limits of N. taeniopygus in central Tanzania (Wildekamp 1990) but without more recent collections, the taxonomic position of the Ugandan population remained uncertain (Wildekamp, 1994, 2004). Finally, morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed it to be distinct and Nothobranchius taiti was established as a species by Nagy in 2019, based on material collected in 2017.

" 139548745,Megaleporinus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Megaleporinus,elongatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1850)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167782,Cyphocharax corumbae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,corumbae,,,,,"(Pavanelli & Britski, 1999)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 167679,Hypsolebias picturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,picturatus,,,,,"(Costa, 2000)", 39299,Leptopanchax opalescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Leptopanchax,opalescens,,,,,"(Myers, 1942)", 167747,Cambeva stawiarski,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,stawiarski,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1968)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 147384446,Papuagrion flavipedum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,flavipedum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147385138,Papuagrion flavithorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,flavithorax,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 147414226,Papuagrion insulare,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,insulare,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147414545,Papuagrion laminatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,laminatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 147414663,Papuagrion maribori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,maribori,,,,,"Orr & Kalkman, 2016", 147414747,Papuagrion pandanicolum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,pandanicolum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147414859,Papuagrion parameles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,parameles,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147414905,Papuagrion pesechem,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,pesechem,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949","Two subspecies of Papuagrion peschem have been recognised, the nominate subspecies and P. p. corniculatum; both occur in the same area of New Guinea." 147415175,Papuagrion prothoracale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,prothoracale,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 147416689,Teinobasis albula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,albula,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 147416789,Teinobasis fulgens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,fulgens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1949", 147416913,Teinobasis alternans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,alternans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 147419994,Teinobasis metallica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,metallica,,,,,"(Förster, 1898)", 147420039,Teinobasis serena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,serena,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 147420181,Teinobasis stigmatizans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,stigmatizans,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1938", 147420545,Orientogomphus aemulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Orientogomphus,aemulus,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1937)", 147420685,Paragomphus aquila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,aquila,,,,,"Martin, 1921", 147420789,Paragomphus flavohamatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,flavohamatus,,,,,"(Martin, 1921)", 147471317,Platylestes pertinax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Platylestes,pertinax,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932",

Platylestes pertinax is placed in Lestes by many authorities.

147471421,Diplacina clymene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,clymene,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963","Diplacina clymene is possibly merely a colour variant of D. ismene, but the two are widely separated geographically (Orr & Kalkman 2015)." 147471484,Nannophlebia ampycteria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,ampycteria,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1933", 147471548,Nannophlebia antiacantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,antiacantha,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 147471807,Orthetrum signiferum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,signiferum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1926", 147472169,Macromia euphrosyne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,euphrosyne,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1952", 147472402,Macromia eurynome,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,eurynome,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942", 147472877,Macromia gerstaeckeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,gerstaeckeri,,,,,"Krüger, 1899","Macromia corycia Laidlaw, 1922 is very similar to M. gerstaeckeri and may eventually prove to be a junior synonym of this species." 147472901,Macromia hermione,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,hermione,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1952", 147472911,Macromia holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,holthuisi,,,,,"Kalkman, 2008", 147472958,Macromia jucunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,jucunda,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1955", 147473015,Macromia melpomene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,melpomene,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 147473119,Macromia polyhymnia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,polyhymnia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1929", 147473153,Macromia terpsichore,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,terpsichore,,,,,"Förster, 1900", 147473164,Calicnemia rectangulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,rectangulata,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1932", 147473413,Coeliccia sameerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,sameerae,,,,,"Dow, Choong & Ng, 2018","

Until recently this species had been confused with Coeliccia erici, see Dow et al. (2018.)

" 147473594,Yunnanosticta cyaneocollaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Yunnanosticta,cyaneocollaris,,,,,"Dow & Zhang, 2018", 147473646,Yunnanosticta wilsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Yunnanosticta,wilsoni,,,,,"Dow & Zhang, 2018", 147474025,Idionyx laidlawi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,laidlawi,,,,,"Fraser, 1936", 147474108,Palaeosynthemis cervula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,cervula,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1938)", 147474129,Palaeosynthemis feronia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,feronia,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1938)", 147474174,Palaeosynthemis gracilenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,gracilenta,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 147474204,Palaeosynthemis kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,kimminsi,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1953)", 147474230,Palaeosynthemis wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Palaeosynthemis,wollastoni,,,,,"(Campion, 1915)", 147474473,Neurothemis papuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neurothemis,papuensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1942",

Neurothemis papuensis was described as a subspecies of N. ramburii but Seehausen & Dow (2016) elevated it to a full species.

195501,Ambassis macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,macracanthus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1849",This species was reviewed by Allen and Burgess (1990). 16124,Parambassis altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,altipinnis,,,,,"Allen, 1982", 21660,Tetracentrum caudovittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Tetracentrum,caudovittatus,,,,,"(Norman, 1935)", 193318,Yarica hyalosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Yarica,hyalosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 5493,Craterocephalus kailolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,kailolae,,,,,"Ivantsoff, Crowley & Allen, 1987", 5494,Craterocephalus lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,lacustris,,,,,"Trewavas, 1940", 5497,Craterocephalus pimatuae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,pimatuae,,,,,"Crowley, Ivantsoff & Allen, 1991", 196438,Pardachirus poropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pardachirus,poropterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)","According to Randall and Johnson (2007), specimens from Australia previously identified as Pardachirus poropterus are actually specimens of P. rautheri. Randall and Johnson (2007) also indicate that research is needed to clarify possible regional variations observed among specimens of P. poropterus, as these variations may reflect differences among members of a species complex, rather than population variation within a single species." 2894,Bostrychus aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bostrychus,aruensis,,,,,"Weber, 1911", 169354,Eleotris aquadulcis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,aquadulcis,,,,,"Allen & Coates, 1990","This species has been recorded as Eleotris macorlepis from Sepik River, Papua New Guinea (Hoese and Larson unpublished data)." 13610,Mogurnda furva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,furva,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 1986", 13611,Mogurnda lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,lineata,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 1991", 13612,Mogurnda orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,orientalis,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 1991", 13619,Mogurnda spilota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,spilota,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 1986", 13620,Mogurnda variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,variegata,,,,,"Nichols, 1951", 13621,Mogurnda vitta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,vitta,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 1986", 15772,Oxyeleotris wisselensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,wisselensis,,,,,"Allen & Boeseman, 1982","This species may belong to the genus Odonteleotris; work is in progress (D. Hoese, in prep.)." 193092,Exyrias puntang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Exyrias,puntang,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 180682,Eugnathogobius variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eugnathogobius,variegatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 9255,Glossogobius hoesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,hoesei,,,,,"Allen & Boeseman, 1982", 196332,Lentipes venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,venustus,,,,,"Allen, 2004", 196337,Mugilogobius fusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,fusculus,,,,,"(Nichols, 1951)", 180866,Mugilogobius platystoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,platystoma,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 181048,Mugilogobius rambaiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,rambaiae,,,,,"(Smith, 1945)", 9300,Pseudogobiopsis tigrellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudogobiopsis,tigrellus,,,,,"(Nichols, 1951)", 196350,Pseudogobius poicilosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudogobius,poicilosoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)",This species is presently under revision (Larson and Hammer in prep.). 196355,Redigobius oyensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,oyensi,,,,,"de Beaufort, 1913","This species was recently reviewed by Larson (2010); it had been confused with Redigobius leptochilus (a synonym of Redigobius tambujon)." 196356,Redigobius tambujon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,tambujon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)","This species was recently reviewed by Larson (2010); it has often been identified as Redigobius roemeri." 196379,Stenogobius alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,alleni,,,,,"Watson, 1991","Revisonary work is required for the genus Stenogobius. This species is very similar to S. hoesei and S. watsoni.
" 196380,Stenogobius beauforti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,beauforti,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)","

Revisonary work is required for the genus Stenogobius. This species name may be a senior synonym to S. blokzeyli (Larson in prep.).

" 196383,Stenogobius hoesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,hoesei,,,,,"Watson, 1991","

Revisonary work is required for the genus Stenogobius.

" 196385,Stenogobius laterisquamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,laterisquamatus,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius. This species is similar to four others in New Guinea and the Pacific.

196387,Stenogobius psilosinionus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,psilosinionus,,,,,"Watson, 1991",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius.

196390,Stenogobius watsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,watsoni,,,,,"Allen, 2004",

Further study is required for the genus Stenogobius. This species may be synonymous with two other species from the same region.

196400,Stiphodon larson,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,larson,,,,,"Watson, 1996", 110211866,Pteronemobius bagua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TRIGONIDIIDAE,Pteronemobius,bagua,,,,,"Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009", 147610587,Ischnura lorentzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,lorentzi,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 184723,Galatea congica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,congica,,,,,"Boettger, 1885",Galatea congica is often confused with Galatea paradoxa. A revision of the genus needs to establish if both species are distinctive or not. 148802388,Galatea paradoxa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,paradoxa,,,,,"(Born, 1780)","Galatea concamerata (Duval, 1840) is a synonym according to Poutiers (2016). Additional species are now considered conspecific with this species since the assessment in 2011 (kochii and concamerata), hence this is a new species concept." 184732,Galatea tenuicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,tenuicula,,,,,"Philippi, 1849","This brackish water species was described by Philippi in 1851 from an unknown locality. Pilsbry and Bequaert (1927) recorded G. tenuicula langi from the mouth of the Congo river. 

The former IUCN Red List rationale that the species still was recorded around 1970 is incorrect. It is just listed by Richard and Old (1969) as being part of the Smithsonian collection, containing Pilsbry and Bequaert's material used in their 1927 publication. .

The taxonomy of the genus Galatea (Donacidae) is unresolved and such brackish water donacids are usually wide spread or very common where they occur, but there are no mentions anymore of this species after the early 20th Century." 175128,Pettancylus chudeaui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,chudeaui,,,,,"(Germain, 1917)","The African representatives of the family Ancylidae need to revised, since the present taxonomy is based on questionable morphological characteristics." 165378,Pettancylus leonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,leonensis,,,,,"(Connolly, 1928)","The African representatives of the family Ancylidae need to be revised, since the present taxonomy is based on questionable morphological characteristics." 175119,Sphaerium hartmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Sphaerium,hartmanni,,,,,"(Jickeli, 1874)",Mandahl-Barth (1988) has divided this species into four geographical races. 147657796,Angiola lineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PLANAXIDAE,Angiola,lineata,,,,,"(da Costa, 1778)", 147657848,Aspatharia pangallensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,pangallensis,,,,,"(Rochebrune, 1882)",Aspatharia pangallensis was formerly confused with other species such as A. mabillei. 147657877,Aspatharia rochebrunei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,rochebrunei,,,,,"(Jousseaume, 1886)","Aspatharia rochebrunei was formerly often confused with other species such as A. tristis, A. nigeriensis, A. tawai, and A. chaiziana. This affects our knowledge on its distribution, in particular the AOO." 147658057,Galatea bengoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,bengoensis,,,,,"Dunker, 1849","The taxonomy of the genus Galatea needs revision, as already noticed by Daget (1998). Considering that brackish bivalves can be highly polymorphic, the number of species described is probably too high. In many articles the name Egeria de Roissy, 1805 is still used. Galatea seems to be endemic to the African Atlantic coast and Galatea aegypytaca (Philippi 1851), recorded from the Nile estuarium by Chemnitz, 1795, does not exist and is based on an erroneous location." 147658654,Coelatura essoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,essoensis,,,,,"(Chaper, 1885)",Considered by Daget (1998) and by Graf and Cummings (2019) as a distinct species and not a form of Coelatura aegyptiaca. 147658697,Nerita ascensionis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Nerita,ascensionis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 147658723,Pleiodon ovatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Pleiodon,ovatus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1823)","In the former IUCN assessment (Kristensen and Stengaard 2010) this species was referred to as Mutela ovata, based on the lumping taxonomic approach of Mandahl-Barth (1988).

But the genus Pleiodon is a distinct genus that occurs in Africa since the Later Cretaceous and presently only persists in Lake Tanganyika (P. spekii) and till the early part of the 20th Century in most of West Africa (P. ovatus). All West African populations of P. ovatus appear to have become extinct during the early 20th Century. A new population of Pleiodon ovatus was discovered in Sierra Leone in 1968. However, the shells of the Sierra Leone population differ from the West African ones by the absence of a swollen, protruding central umbo, the general shape and the colour (black instead of green). For the confirmation of the taxonomic identification, additional collecting and taxonomic investigation is needed." 169522,Chilatherina alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,alleni,,,,,"Price, 1997", 4628,Chilatherina axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,axelrodi,,,,,"Allen, 1979", 4629,Chilatherina bleheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,bleheri,,,,,"Allen, 1985", 4630,Chilatherina bulolo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,bulolo,,,,,"(Whitley, 1938)", 4631,Chilatherina sentaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,sentaniensis,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 9268,Glossolepis incisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,incisus,,,,,"Weber, 1907","Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke, Eschmeyer and Van der Laan 2020) has this species valid as Glossolepis incisa but here we follow Gerry Allen (pers. comm. 2020) in accepting the spelling as Glossolepis incisus." 9269,Glossolepis maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,maculosus,,,,,"Allen, 1981","Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes (Fricke, Eschmeyer and Van der Laan 2020) has this species valid as Glossolepis maculosa but here we follow Gerry Allen (pers. comm. 2020) in accepting the spelling as Glossolepis maculosus." 169502,Glossolepis multisquamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,multisquamata,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1922)", 9270,Glossolepis pseudoincisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,pseudoincisus,,,,,"Allen & Cross, 1980", 9271,Glossolepis ramuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,ramuensis,,,,,"Allen, 1985", 9272,Glossolepis wanamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,wanamensis,,,,,"Allen & Kailola, 1979", 13055,Melanotaenia ajamaruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,ajamaruensis,,,,,"Allen & Cross, 1980", 13056,Melanotaenia angfa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,angfa,,,,,"Allen, 1990", 13058,Melanotaenia boesemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,boesemani,,,,,"Allen & Cross, 1980", 13059,Melanotaenia catherinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,catherinae,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1910)", 13060,Melanotaenia corona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,corona,,,,,"Allen, 1982", 13063,Melanotaenia herbertaxelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,herbertaxelrodi,,,,,"Allen, 1981", 13064,Melanotaenia iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,iris,,,,,"Allen, 1987", 13065,Melanotaenia lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,lacustris,,,,,"Munro, 1964", 13066,Melanotaenia maylandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,maylandi,,,,,"Allen, 1983", 13067,Melanotaenia misoolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,misoolensis,,,,,"Allen, 1982", 13068,Melanotaenia monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,monticola,,,,,"Allen, 1980", 13069,Melanotaenia ogilbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,ogilbyi,,,,,"Weber, 1910", 13070,Melanotaenia oktediensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,oktediensis,,,,,"Allen & Cross, 1980", 13071,Melanotaenia papuae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,papuae,,,,,"Allen, 1981", 13072,Melanotaenia parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,parva,,,,,"Allen, 1990", 13073,Melanotaenia pimaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,pimaensis,,,,,"Allen, 1981", 13074,Melanotaenia praecox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,praecox,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1922)", 13076,Melanotaenia sexlineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sexlineata,,,,,"(Munro, 1964)", 13077,Melanotaenia vanheurni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,vanheurni,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1922)", 13057,Melanotaenia arfakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,arfakensis,,,,,"Allen, 1990", 196975,Heliobolus lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Heliobolus,lugubris,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)", 196979,Ichnotropis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ichnotropis,capensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)",The status of the isolated subpopulation of this species in Maputaland and adjacent southern Mozambique should be assessed. 196982,Meroles ctenodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,ctenodactylus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)", 196983,Meroles cuneirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,cuneirostris,,,,,"(Strauch, 1867)",No notable taxonomic issues. 196985,Meroles suborbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,suborbitalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","The species is widespread and shows some morphological variability across its range. The possibility of significant population structuring and the presence of cryptic species should be investigated, particularly in the vicinity of the lower Orange River (Bauer and Branch 2003 [2001], Branch et al. 2006)." 196989,Nucras holubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,holubi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1882)","A disjunct population in eastern Namibia (de Waal 1978, Branch 1998) was incorrectly attributed to this taxon (A. Bauer pers. comm. 2019)." 196990,Nucras intertexta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,intertexta,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)","Previous assessments of the Nucras tesellata complex, which includes N. intertexta, presented various morphological characters to distinguish between the taxa (Broadley 1972, Jacobsen 1989, Bates 1996). A molecular phylogeny of Nucras confirmed the species status of N. intertexta, which is the sister species of N. ornata (Edwards et al. 2013)." 196996,Nucras tessellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,tessellata,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)","The Nucras tesselata complex was last revised by Broadley (1972), who recognized three subspecies (N. t. tessellata, N. t. livida and an unnamed subspecies of N. tessellata). Apart from typical N. t. tessellata, Broadley (1972) also recognized two varieties (N. t. tessellata var. elegans and N. t. tessellata var. 'T'). Although N. t. livida was subsequently elevated to species level (Branch and Bauer 1995), the taxonomic status of the two varieties and the unnamed subspecies remain unresolved. A molecular phylogeny of Nucras confirmed the species status of N. tessellata, which is the sister species of N. taeniolata (Edwards et al. 2013), but a detailed molecular investigation of N. tessellata is still needed.  At present, Nucras tessellata includes the two varieties but excludes the supposed Angolan subspecies which, considering its vast geographical separation from other conspecifics represents a separate species. This has been confirmed by a recent study of the group (Branch et al. 2019)." 196998,Pedioplanis inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,inornata,,,,,"(Roux, 1907)","Pedioplanis inornata is paraphyletic with respect to P. gaerdesi, with a clade from northern Namibia and another from southern Namibia and the Northern Cape. These two clades represent two different species (Makokha et al. 2007)." 197000,Pedioplanis lineoocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,lineoocellata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","There has been confusion regarding the subspecies (Pedioplanis lineoocellata lineoocellata, P. lineoocellata pulchella, P. lineoocellata inocellata). The ranges are overlapping (see Bates et al. 2014) and although Branch (1998) suggested there are morphological differences between the subspecies, a detailed study of the two South African subspecies P. lineoocellata lineoocellata, P. lineoocellata pulchella) could find no morphological differences to support the subspecies status (Edwards 2013). Although Makokha et al. (2007) suggested there were notable genetic differences between these subspecies, only a few localities were included in that study and the genetic structure was not deep. Sampling from multiple localities across the range of both subspecies suggest that while there is some geographic structuring, this does not match the subspecies and the subspecies as currently described should not be considered valid (Edwards 2013)." 197001,Pedioplanis namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,namaquensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","A molecular analysis indicated that Pedioplanis namaquensis consists of two distinct taxa, one in Namibia and the other in South Africa (Makokha et al. 2007), but their distributions are still unclear. Until further work can be done to resolve this issue, the taxon must be considered as a single species." 110134009,Lycodonomorphus obscuriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,obscuriventris,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1964",This species was previously considered a subspecies of Lycodonomorphus whytii but raised to species status by Broadley (1995). The relationship between these two taxa should be investigated by means of a molecular phylogenetic analysis. 110134030,Lycodonomorphus rufulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,rufulus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Broadley (1967) treated Lycodonomorphus rufulus mlanjensis as a subspecies of L. leleupi, rendering L. rufulus a monotypic species. Lycodonomorphus leleupi mlanjensis was later raised to species status by Broadley and Cotterill (2004). The status of the isolated population of L. rufulus on the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe, and phylogenetic relationships within the genus, require investigation (Bates et al. 2014)." 13291002,Lycophidion variegatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,variegatum,,,,,"Broadley, 1969", 110153295,Prosymna bivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,bivittata,,,,,"Werner, 1903", 110153351,Prosymna frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,frontalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 110153367,Prosymna lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,lineata,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)","Previously a subspecies of Prosymna sundevallii, but elevated to species status by Broadley (1999)." 190519,Dipsina multimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Dipsina,multimaculata,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1847)", 15268,Oloplotosus torobo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Oloplotosus,torobo,,,,,"Allen, 1985", 11021,Kiunga ballochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Kiunga,ballochi,,,,,"Allen, 1983", 44979961,Psammophis brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,brevirostris,,,,,"Peters, 1881","The taxonomic status of this species—which is part of the Psammophis ‘phillipsii’ species complex—has been investigated by Kelly et al. (2008). Psammophis brevirostris leopardinus from southern Angola and Namibia is now considered a valid species (Broadley 2002, validated by Kelly et al. 2008). The taxonomic status of several apparently relict populations in South Africa requires further assessment (Bates et al. 2014)." 44979987,Psammophis jallae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,jallae,,,,,"Peracca, 1896", 44980047,Psammophis notostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,notostictus,,,,,"Peters, 1867", 44980063,Psammophis trigrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,trigrammus,,,,,"Günther, 1865", 44960203,Acontias gariepensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,gariepensis,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1941)",Last reviewed by Broadley (1968). Transferred from Typhlosaurus to Acontias by Lamb et al. (2010) on the basis of molecular phylogenetics. 44960290,Acontias kgalagadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,kgalagadi,,,,,"Lamb, Biswas & Bauer, 2010",A molecular study indicates that Acontias kgalagadi subtaeniatus is a valid species and this will necessitate the reevaluation of the taxonomic status for both taxa. 44960378,Acontias lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,lineatus,,,,,"Peters, 1879","The genus Microacontias, to which this species had previously been assigned (Daniels et al. 2006), was synonymised with Acontias by Lamb et al. (2010) based on molecular phylogenetic results. Daniels et al. (2006) suggested that A. litoralis was derived from within a polytypic A. lineatus, making the latter paraphyletic. In a subsequent mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the ‘Microacontias’ group (Janse van Vuuren 2009), the four currently recognized taxa in this clade were found to interdigitate in the phylogram. However, although all taxa were found to be identifiable morphologically, it was suggested that all subspecies of A. lineatus retain their status, with A. litoralis treated as a fourth subspecies of A. lineatus. The findings of Lamb et al. (2010) were similar to those of Daniels et al. (2006) and, on this basis and with regards to the diagnostic differences described by Broadley and Greer (1969), they elevated A. l. grayi and A. l. tristis to full species status, rendering A. lineatus monotypic." 44960156,Acontias occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,occidentalis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1941","Previously considered a subspecies of Acontias percivali, an East African species. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies (Daniels et al. 2006, Lamb et al. 2010) have revealed that Acontias occidentalis is closely related to A. percivali percivali, but not to A. percivali tasmani, which Lamb et al. (2010) synonymised with A. orientalis. Lamb et al. (2010) also formally elevated A. occidentalis to full species status based on morphological diagnosability (Broadley and Greer 1969) and the 1,700 km disjunction between this form and its East African sister taxon, rendering A. percivali a monotypic species." 13155178,Panaspis maculicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,maculicollis,,,,,"Jacobson & Broadley, 2000","Panaspis maculicollis was first recognized by Jacobsen (1989) as a cryptic species related to P. wahlbergii, and was described by Jacobsen and Broadley (2000) based on differences in the average number of scale rows at mid-body, body patterning (particularly on the neck) and male colouration during the breeding season. Older specimen records and pre-2000 references to P. wahlbergii should be carefully checked using the key provided by Jacobsen and Broadley (2000). In a recent phylogentic study of the Panaspis group, previous unknown cryptic diversity was documented (Medina et al. 2016). According to Medina et al. (2016), 'P. maculicollis' group is comprised of at least two cryptic species. Further taxonomic work is needed to describe the above cryptic diversity." 44979015,Scelotes arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,arenicola,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)","The species was last reviewed by Broadley (1994). Bauer (2016) provided evidence that Scelotes bicolor is a synonym of S. arenicola and clarified that the specific epithet is indeed “arenicola”, despite the fact that Scelotes is masculine.

" 44979080,Scelotes capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,capensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)", 44979184,Scelotes limpopoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,limpopoensis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1930","Two subspecies of Scelotes limpopoensis are currently recognized, namely S. l. limpopoensis and S. l. albiventris, with sympatric distributions. Phylogenetic investigations are needed to determine taxon boundaries and the taxonomic status of these two forms." 110230193,Trachylepis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,capensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)","Currently no notable issues with this species, but due to its large distribution there are potentially cryptic species." 128711022,Trachylepis damarana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,damarana,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)","There are several cryptic species within the taxon formerly recognized as Trachylepis varia (Weinell and Bauer 2018). Petters (1870) described Euprepes damarana from Damaraland, which was subsequently synonymised with Trachylepis varia. Based on genetics, lepidosis and colouration Weinell and Bauer (2018) reinstated this species to full status." 110230203,Trachylepis depressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,depressa,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 110230223,Trachylepis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,occidentalis,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 110230238,Trachylepis punctulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,punctulata,,,,,"(Bocage, 1872)", 110230248,Trachylepis sparsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,sparsa,,,,,"(Mertens, 1954)","Trachylepis sparsa differs from T. punctatissima in both morphology and coloration, but is not genetically distinct. It may therefore not be a valid species." 110230268,Trachylepis spilogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,spilogaster,,,,,"(Peters, 1882)", 110230417,Trachylepis sulcata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,sulcata,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Three poorly defined subspecies of Trachylepis sulcata have been recognized, namely T. s. sulcata, T. s. ansorgii and T. s. nigra (Bauer et al. 1993, Branch 1998). In a molecular study, T. s. nigra-from Lüderitz, Namibia was found to be merely a melanistic form which is not genetically distinct from the nominate subspecies (Portik et al. 2010, 2011). Trachylepis s. ansorgii occurs in Angola (Bauer et al. 1993, Portik 2009)." 110230498,Trachylepis variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,variegata,,,,,"(Peters, 1870)", 44978352,Typhlosaurus meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlosaurus,meyeri,,,,,"Boettger, 1894", 22475197,Bitis cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,cornuta,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)", 2818,Bitis schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,schneideri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1886)","Bitis schneideri was revived from synonymy with Bitis caudalis by Haacke (1975). Recent phylogenetic analysis shows that B. caudalis is polyphyletic, with a southern clade related to B. schneideri and a northern clade related to B. peringueyi (Barlow et al. 2019). The relationship between subpopulations of B. schneideri on either side of the Orange River has not been investigated, but they are assumed to be a single taxon." 22475231,Bitis xeropaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,xeropaga,,,,,"Haacke, 1975", 18544,Pseudomugil connieae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,connieae,,,,,"(Allen, 1981)", 18546,Pseudomugil majusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,majusculus,,,,,"Ivantsoff & Allen, 1984", 18547,Pseudomugil paskai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,paskai,,,,,"Allen & Ivantsoff, 1986", 9944,Hephaestus adamsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,adamsoni,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1940)", 9946,Hephaestus obtusifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,obtusifrons,,,,,"(Mees & Kailola, 1977)", 9947,Hephaestus trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,trimaculatus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)", 22921,Variichthys jamoerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Variichthys,jamoerensis,,,,,"(Mees, 1971)", 172416,Chelonodontops patoca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Chelonodontops,patoca,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 197583,Caridina troglodytes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,troglodytes,,,,,"Holthuis, 1978", 197590,Macrobrachium grandimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,grandimanus,,,,,"(Randall, 1840)","Although Macrobrachium grandimanus was previously considered to be endemic to the Hawaiian islands, it is now considered to also occur in Fiji, Tonga, the Rykyus, Moorea and New Caledonia.  As records of this species from Hainan Island (China) have been recently re-assigned to a new species, M. trichodactylum, the other non-Hawaiian records require further scrutiny." 197591,Caridina samar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,samar,,,,,"Cai & Anker, 2004", 197599,Caridina bakoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,bakoensis,,,,,"P.K.L. Ng, 1995", 197604,Caridina rangoona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,rangoona,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2000", 197607,Caridina boholensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,boholensis,,,,,"Cai, Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 197617,Caridina timorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,timorensis,,,,,"De Man, 1893", 197624,Macrobrachium srilankense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,srilankense,,,,,"Costa, 1979", 197626,Caridina guangxiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,guangxiensis,,,,,"Liang & Zhou, 1993", 197627,Caridina xiangnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,xiangnanensis,,,,,"X.-Y. Liu,Guo & Yu, 2006", 197631,Macrobrachium platyrostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,platyrostris,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 197632,Caridina devaneyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,devaneyi,,,,,"Choy, 1991", 197647,Macrobrachium tratense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,tratense,,,,,"Cai, Naiyanetr & P.K.L. Ng, 2004", 197655,Macrobrachium scabriculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,scabriculum,,,,,"(Heller, 1862)", 197659,Caridina feixiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,feixiana,,,,,"Cai & Liang, 1999", 197662,Caridina anislaq,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,anislaq,,,,,"Cai, Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 197665,Caridina propinqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,propinqua,,,,,"De Man, 1908", 197666,Caridina cantonensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cantonensis,,,,,"Yu, 1938", 197674,Caridina dianchiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,dianchiensis,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1985", 197677,Macrobrachium dolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,dolatum,,,,,"Cai, Naiyanetr & P.K.L. Ng, 2004", 197688,Macrobrachium oenone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,oenone,,,,,"(De Man, 1902)", 197696,Caridina clinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,clinata,,,,,"Cai, Nguyên & P.K.L. Ng, 1999", 197704,Caridina laoagensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,laoagensis,,,,,"Blanco, 1939", 197714,Caridina ablepsia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,ablepsia,,,,,"Guo, Jiang & Zhang, 1992", 197716,Caridina leucosticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,leucosticta,,,,,"Stimpson, 1860", 197719,Caridina weberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,weberi,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 197724,Caridina opaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,opaensis,,,,,"J. Roux, 1904", 197734,Caridina longicarpus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,longicarpus,,,,,"J. Roux, 1926", 197746,Caridina okinawa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,okinawa,,,,,"Cai & Shokita, 2006", 197752,Caridina malayensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,malayensis,,,,,"Cai, P.K.L. Ng & Choy, 2007", 197757,Caridina brevicarpalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,brevicarpalis,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 197759,Caridina liaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,liaoi,,,,,"Cai, Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 197763,Caridina mindanao,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mindanao,,,,,"Cai & Shokita, 2006", 197770,Caridina leclerci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,leclerci,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 197774,Macrobrachium spinosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,spinosum,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2001", 197777,Macrobrachium naso,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,naso,,,,,"(Kemp, 1918)", 197781,Typhlocaridina semityphlata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlocaridina,semityphlata,,,,,"Cai, 1995", 197783,Caridina camaro,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,camaro,,,,,"Cai, Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 197799,Caridina semiblepsia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,semiblepsia,,,,,"Guo, Choy & Gui, 1996", 197800,Caridina neglecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,neglecta,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2007","Caridina neglecta was only recently separated (Cai and Ng 2007),  from the widely reported Caridina gracilirostris.  Some of the records of C.gracilirostris may refer to this species." 197805,Caridina sumatrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,sumatrensis,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 197807,Macrobrachium gua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,gua,,,,,"Chong, 1989", 197811,Edoneus sketi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Edoneus,sketi,,,,,"Cai & Husana, 2009", 197817,Parisia deharvengi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,deharvengi,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 197819,Macrobrachium thai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,thai,,,,,"Cai, Naiyanetr & P.K.L. Ng, 2004", 197821,Macrobrachium dienbienphuense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,dienbienphuense,,,,,"Đăng & Nguyên, 1972", 197825,Caridina thambipillai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,thambipillai,,,,,"Johnson, 1961", 197834,Macrobrachium lanchesteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lanchesteri,,,,,"(De Man, 1911)", 197840,Macrobrachium saigonense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,saigonense,,,,,"Nguyên, 2006", 197853,Caridina parvidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,parvidentata,,,,,"J. Roux, 1904", 197854,Caridina leytensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,leytensis,,,,,"Blanco, 1939", 197857,Caridina bruneiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,bruneiana,,,,,"Choy, 1992", 197868,Caridina endehensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,endehensis,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 197869,Macrobrachium rhodochir,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,rhodochir,,,,,"P.K.L. Ng, 1995", 197880,Macrobrachium oxyphilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,oxyphilus,,,,,"P.K.L. Ng, 1992", 197886,Caridina parvirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,parvirostris,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 197897,Macrobrachium latimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,latimanus,,,,,"(von Martens, 1868)", 197905,Caridina jeani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,jeani,,,,,"Cai, 2010", 197907,Caridina excavatoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,excavatoides,,,,,"Johnson, 1961", 197917,Caridina gortio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gortio,,,,,"Cai & Anker, 2004", 197920,Atyoida pilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyoida,pilipes,,,,,"(Newport, 1847)", 197925,Macrobrachium jaroense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,jaroense,,,,,"(Cowles, 1914)", 197929,Typhlocaridina lanceifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlocaridina,lanceifrons,,,,,"Liang & Yan, 1981", 197935,Macrobrachium sintangense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sintangense,,,,,"(De Man, 1898)", 197936,Caridina williamsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,williamsi,,,,,"Cai, & P.K.L. Ng, 2000", 197939,Neocaridina brevidactyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Neocaridina,brevidactyla,,,,,"Liang, Chen & W.-X. Li, 2005", 197942,Atyoida serrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyoida,serrata,,,,,"(Spence Bate, 1888)", 197956,Caridina fijiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,fijiana,,,,,"Choy, 1983", 197959,Marosina brevirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Marosina,brevirostris,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2005", 197960,Macrobrachium sabanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sabanus,,,,,"P.K.L. Ng, 1994", 197970,Macrobrachium lingyunense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lingyunense,,,,,"J. Li, Cai & Clarke, 2006", 197974,Potamalpheops amnicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ALPHEIDAE,Potamalpheops,amnicus,,,,,"Yeo & Ng, 1997", 197988,Caridina burmensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,burmensis,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2000", 197994,Macrobrachium niphanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,niphanae,,,,,"Shokita & Takeda, 1989", 197998,Edoneus marulas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Edoneus,marulas,,,,,"Cai & Husana, 2009", 198028,Caridina gracilipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gracilipes,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 198031,Macrobrachium caledonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,caledonicum,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1926)", 198048,Macrobrachium weberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,weberi,,,,,"(De Man, 1892)", 198050,Macrobrachium pentazona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,pentazona,,,,,"He, Gao & Guo, 2009", 198052,Macrobrachium neglectum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,neglectum,,,,,"(De Man, 1905)", 198063,Caridina villadolidi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,villadolidi,,,,,"Blanco, 1939", 198082,Macrobrachium lanatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,lanatum,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2002", 198086,Caridina temasek,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,temasek,,,,,"Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 1991", 198088,Caridina annandalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,annandalei,,,,,"Kemp, 1918", 198092,Typhlocaridina liui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Typhlocaridina,liui,,,,,"Liang & Zhou, 1993", 198095,Caridina prashadi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,prashadi,,,,,"Tiwari & R.S. Pillai, 1971", 198102,Macrobrachium sirindhorn,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,sirindhorn,,,,,"Naiyanetr, 2001", 198113,Edoneus atheatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Edoneus,atheatus,,,,,"Holthuis, 1978", 198121,Caridina mertoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mertoni,,,,,"J. Roux, 1911", 198128,Caridina nanaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,nanaoensis,,,,,"Cai & N.K. Ng, 1999", 198132,Atyoida bisulcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atyoida,bisulcata,,,,,"Randall, 1840", 198135,Caridina caverna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,caverna,,,,,"Liang, Chen & W.-X. Li, 2005", 198140,Caridina nguyeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,nguyeni,,,,,"S.-Q. Li & Liang, 2002", 198141,Macrobrachium feunteuni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,feunteuni,,,,,"Keith & Vigneux, 2002", 198144,Caridina johnsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,johnsoni,,,,,"Cai, P.K.L. Ng & Choy, 2007", 198147,Caridina cebuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cebuensis,,,,,"Cai & Shokita, 2006", 198169,Macrobrachium peguense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,peguense,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 198170,Atydina atyoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Atydina,atyoides,,,,,"(Nobili, 1900)", 198177,Caridina valencia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,valencia,,,,,"Cai, Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 198181,Macrobrachium thuylami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,thuylami,,,,,"Nguyên, 2006", 198188,Macrobrachium malayanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,malayanum,,,,,"(J. Roux, 1935)", 198195,Caridina papuana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,papuana,,,,,"Nobili, 1905", 198213,Caridina minidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,minidentata,,,,,"Cai & Anker, 2004", 198222,Caridina modiglianii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,modiglianii,,,,,"Nobili, 1900", 198225,Caridina batuan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,batuan,,,,,"Cai, Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 198233,Caridina caobangensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,caobangensis,,,,,"S.-Q. Li & Liang, 2002", 198234,Caridina longifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,longifrons,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2007", 198238,Edoneus erwini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Edoneus,erwini,,,,,"Cai & Husana, 2009", 198249,Parisia holthuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,holthuisi,,,,,"Cai, 2010", 198252,Marosina longirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Marosina,longirostris,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2006", 198258,Caridina multidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,multidentata,,,,,"Stimpson, 1860","In older literature this species is usually listed under the name Caridina japonica De Man, 1892.  Cai et al. (2006) demonstrated that C. multidentata Stimpson, 1860 is a senior synonym of C.japonica." 198266,Macrobrachium ahkowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,ahkowi,,,,,"Chong & Khoo, 1987", 198269,Caridina acuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,acuta,,,,,"Liang, Chen & W.-X. Li, 2005", 198272,Caridina buhi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,buhi,,,,,"Cai & Shokita, 2006", 198279,Caridina macrodentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,macrodentata,,,,,"Cai & Shokita, 2006", 198283,Macrobrachium platycheles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,platycheles,,,,,"Ou & Yeo, 1995", 198287,Caridina celebensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,celebensis,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 198289,Caridina pareparensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,pareparensis,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 198290,Caridina rubella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,rubella,,,,,"Fujino & Shokita, 1975", 198291,Parisia macrophora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Parisia,macrophora,,,,,"Cai & Anker, 2004", 198292,Caridina gracillima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,gracillima,,,,,"Lanchester, 1901", 198297,Caridina appendiculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,appendiculata,,,,,"Jalihal & Shenoy, 1998", 198298,Caridina sphyrapoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,sphyrapoda,,,,,"Liang & Zhou, 1993", 198308,Macrobrachium mammillodactylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,mammillodactylus,,,,,"(Thallwitz, 1892)", 198309,Caridina celestinoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,celestinoi,,,,,"Blanco, 1939","Chace (1997) considered the possibility that C.celestinoi is the juvenile form of C. leytensis." 198313,Caridina serratirostris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,serratirostris,,,,,"De Man, 1892", 198314,Caridina demenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,demenica,,,,,"Cai & S. Li, 1997", 198316,Caridina cavernicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,cavernicola,,,,,Liang & Zhou, 198317,Caridina brachydactyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,brachydactyla,,,,,"De Man, 1908","In the latest revision of this species by Richard and Clark (2010) the species is considered to occur from Tanzania through to New Caledonia, more taxonomic work is required to confirm this unusually broad distribution." 198323,Macrobrachium hirsutimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,hirsutimanus,,,,,"(Tiwari, 1952)", 198326,Caridina peninsularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,peninsularis,,,,,"Kemp, 1918", 198329,Caridina palawanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,palawanensis,,,,,"Cai & Shokita, 2006", 198331,Macrobrachium pilimanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALAEMONIDAE,Macrobrachium,pilimanus,,,,,"(De Man, 1879)", 198333,Caridina mengae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,mengae,,,,,"Liang, 1993", 198338,Caridina sulawesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,sulawesi,,,,,"Cai & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 198340,Caridina lobocensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,lobocensis,,,,,"Cai, Choy & P.K.L. Ng, 2009", 41695,Civettictis civetta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,VIVERRIDAE,Civettictis,civetta,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)","This species was formerly considered to be congeneric with Asian civets of the genus Viverra. It was first included in Civettictis by Pocock (1915) and retained in that genus by several authors, including Ray (1995, 2013), Kingdon (1997) and Wozencraft (2005), but others, such as Ellerman et al. (1953) and Coetzee (1977), continued to include it in Viverra. Although several subspecies have been recorded, their validity remains questionable (Rosevear 1974; Coetzee 1977; Meester et al. 1986)." 70207409,Mustela nivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Mustela,nivalis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766","The taxonomy of Least Weasel Mustela nivalis was reviewed by Abramov and Baryshnikov (2000), who considered Egpytian Weasel M. subpamata to be a distinct species, a treatment followed here. Tonkin Weasel M. tonkinensis and Sichuan Weasel M. russelliana, here treated as distinct species following Groves (2007), were included as part of M. nivalis by Abramov and Baryshnikov (2000) (and in previous versions of its Red List assessment). A weasel population found in Taiwan in the late 20th century and considered by its finders to be a new species allied to Stoat M. erminea is here considered, following Abramov (2006) to be part of M. nivalis." 163766,Coeliccia satoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,satoi,,,,,"Asahina, 1997",

Asahina (1997) described Coeliccia satoi from a single male from north Viet Nam.

167068,Macromia fulgidifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,fulgidifrons,,,,,"Wilson, 1998","Described from holotype male plus paratype female and male from Shi Wan Da Shan, Guangxi (Wilson 1998)." 167123,Philosina buchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Philosina,buchi,,,,,"Ris, 1917",Ris (1917) established the genus Philosina and described buchi as the type species from a series of specimens collected from Fujian. 167125,Indocypha katharina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Indocypha,katharina,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)","Needham (1930) described Rhinocypha katharina from two females collected from Suifu, Sichuan by Dr. D.C. Graham in 19 May 1928, which are housed in the US National Museum. Wilson and Reels (2003) collected three male specimens from Longrui, Guangxi and Mulun, Guangxi in addition to female material collected from Mulun. Wilson and Reels (2003) described the first male and placed the species in the genus Indocypha Fraser, 1949.

Zhou and Zhou (2006) described Indocypha chishuiensis from: 'Jinshagou, Chishui City, Guizhou Province', which is less than 150 km from the type-locality of I. katharina. Hämäläinen (2014) considers it probable that I. chishuiensis is a synonym of I. katharina and Schorr and Paulson (2020) treat I. chishuiensis as a junior synonym of I. katharina." 167131,Sieboldius alexanderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,alexanderi,,,,,"(Chao, 1955)","Originally described by Chao (1955) under the genus Hagenius Sélys and subgenus Sieboldius Sélys, the former of which is now considered containing just one species, namely Hagenius brevistylus Sélys, from North America (Davies and Tobin 1985). Carle (1986) established the subgenera Hagenoides with Sieboldius alexanderi as the type species. Chao (1990) sank Carle's Hagenoides subgenus with the nominate subgenus established by Chao in 1984. Bridges (1994) considered Carle's subgenus Hagenoides valid but probably overlooked Chao (1984)." 167185,Nihonogomphus semanticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,semanticus,,,,,"Chao,1954 ","Chao (1954) described Nihonogomphus semanticus from male specimens collected from Fujian. Wilson and Xu (2009) described the first female from specimens collected across north and central Guangdong from Chengjia, Xiaokeng and Nankunshan. Chao (1995) established the Nihonogomphus subgenus Lobogomphus based, principally, on differences in the structure of the penile organ. Lobogomphus has a penile organ possessing a posterior lobe (prepuce) whereas the nominate subgenus Nihonogomphus (Nihonogomphus) does not possess a prepuce. Nihonogomphus semanticus belongs in the subgenus Lobogomphus." 167190,Sinolestes editus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Sinolestes,editus,,,,,"Needham, 1930","Needham (1930: The Dragonflies of China) established the genus Sinolestes and described three new species within the genus in the following order: Sinolestes edita, Sinolestes truncata and Sinolestes ornata. Needham (1930) placed Sinolestes in Coenagrioninae but Lieftinck (1939) transferred the genus to Synlestidae Tillyard, 1917.

The only differences between the three Sinolestes species as described by Needham (1930) was the wing colour pattern; S. edita with hyaline wings, S. truncata wings with dark broad cross-bands and S. ornata wings with dark narrow cross-bands. Chao (1947) synonymised S. ornata with S. edita. Asahina (1956) adopted this treatment for Fujianese specimens and suggested the third species S. truncata might also be a junior synonym of S. edita. Based on a series of specimens from the same location in Guangxi, some with broad cross-bands and some with narrow cross-bands, Wilson and Reels (2003) synonymised S. truncata with S. edita.

Since Sinolestes is masculine and in accordance with the Rules of Nomenclature these specific name endings should have been latinised as S. editus, S. truncatus and S. ornatus. Both S. truncatus and S. ornatus are junior synonyms of S. editus." 168057,Anisopleura yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,yunnanensis,,,,,"Zhu & Zhou, 1999","Zhu and Zhou (1999) described Anisopleura yunnanensis from the Dali region of west Yunnan, China. Zhang, Hämäläinen and Cai (2014) thought that A. yunnanensis might be conspecific with A. subplatystyla. However, there are slight differences in the dorsal thoracic colour pattern and shape of the caudal genitalia of these two species and there is an abrupt and marked curve at the base of the hind wing costa of A. yunnanensis which is absent in A. subplatystyla (Zhang 2019)." 119865204,Euthygomphus wuzhishanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Euthygomphus,wuzhishanus,,,,,"(Chao, 1982)","

Chao (1982) described Anisogomphus wuzhishanus Chao, 1982, from a single female from Hainan. Kosterin (2018) established the genus Euthygomphus to resolve a taxonomic confusion and receive species formerly placed either in Anisogomphus Selys, 1857 or Merogomphus Martin, 1904, that possess simple cerci and moderately divergent epiproct branches. Although no males of wuzhishanus have been documented the female is very similar to Euthygomphus koxingai (Chao, 1954) and undoubtedly should be placed in Euthygomphus. The only difference between E. koxingai and E. wuzhishanus is the structure of the lobes of the vulvar scale, which were illustrated with pointed lobes for E. wuzhishanus (Chao 1982, 1990) but with rounded lobes for E. koxingai (Wilson and Xu 2009).

" 122210091,Leptogomphus hongkongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,hongkongensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1988","

Asahina (1988) established the subspecies Leptogomphus elegans hongkongensis based on three males and the structural difference of their caudal genitalia when compared with the nominate taxon L. elegan elegans. Wilson (2009), on discovering that females of hongkongensis were also structurally different from female elegans raised the taxon to species level. The occipital horns of L. hongkongensis are widely divergent compared to L. elegans which has more or less vertical horns. In addition, the subgenital plate of L. hongkongensis is slightly broader and more divergent when compared with L. elegans.

" 125521806,Megalestes omeiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,omeiensis,,,,,"Chao, 1965","Megalestes omeiensis Chao, 1965 was described from Sichuan from a single male. It is a large Megalestes (male ab. 64 mm, hw 45 mm) with a mainly black abdomen related to the another large Chinese Megalestes heros Needham, 1930, which has a predominantly brownish-orange abdomen." 125521923,Megalestes riccii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,riccii,,,,,"Navás, 1935","Megalestes riccii Navás, (1935) was described from Kuling, Jiangxi from a single male and female. Between 1934 and 1936, Navás described 31 Chinese odonates. In 1961 Chao studied many of the Navás types deposited in the Zoological Institute of Academia Sinica and the following year Chao synonymised 12 Navasian species in one paper (Chao 1965). In the same paper Chao provided more accurate figures of both the holotype male and paratype female of Megalestes riccii. Chao’s (1962) drawings of the superior appendages indicate that Navás’ rather oversimplified drawing had failed to indicate the true shape and form of the superior appendages.

Chao (1965) studied all the described Chinese Megalestes and provided a full description of M. riccii, described M. omeiensis, and provided a key to Chinese Megalestes. In Chao’s (1965) redescription of M. riccii he pointed out some errors given in the Navás’ original description especially relating to the black marks on the prothorax, which are much more extensive than indicated by Navás, have a different shape and are also may be quite variable in extent as indicated in a series of specimens examined by Chao from Kuling, Jiangxi. Chao (1965) also figured good drawings of the penile organ and provided a more detailed redescription.

It is now clear that Megalestes tuska Wilson & Reels (2003) is much closer to M. riccii than the authors realised when they described M. tuska from Damingshan, Guangxi having relied on the inaccurate description and drawings provided by Navás (1935). Both M. riccii and M. tuska have very similar appearance and size (male hw: 30-32 mm and 31.5 mm respectively), share the same form of the penile organ and both have pale creamy brownish-white superior appendages. Megalestes tuska has slightly finer and more sinuous superior appendages than M. riccii and its inferior appendages have two pairs of projections; the basal pair is sharply pointed and adorned with relatively longer pale coloured stout hairs that form an upwardly curved tip. The two species were described from locations ca 1,000 km apart but there remains the possibility that M. tuska is a junior synonym of M. riccii.

Zhang (2019) remarks that Megalestes maai Chen, 1947 from Taiwan might be a junior synonym of M. ricci. It also has relatively stout and whitish-coloured superior anal appendages. Chao (1965) separated M. maai from M. riccii in his key to Chinese Megalestes by its inferior appendages, which have a pair of bluntly pointed dorso-lateral teeth, which are pointed apically in M. riccii. Wilson and Reels (2003) remarked that this latter feature may be variable in M. tuska as their type male had inferior appendages with bifurcated basal projection and a paratype's basal projection was pointed but not bifurcated. A recent revision of the genus Megalestes defined both M. maai and M. tuska as junior synonyms of M. ricci (Yu and Xue 2020)." 139119442,Caliphaea consimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Caliphaea,consimilis,,,,,"McLachlan, 1894","

Asahina (1956) reinstated Caliphaea consimilis as a good species after it was erroneously synonymised with Caliphaea confusa Hagen in Selys, 1859 by Fraser in 1929 (Fraser 1934). It was originally described from Ta-chien-lu in central Sichuan, China (McLachlan 1984). Davies and Yang (1996) treated Caliphaea nitens Navás, 1934 as a synonym of C. consimilis  but Hämäläinen (2004) reinstated C. nitens as a good species based on a study of Fujian specimens and the original description of the type C. nitens from Zhejiang. The Guangxi records of Caliphaea consimilis from Huaping, Dayaoshan and Cenwanglaoshan provided by Wilson and Reels were stated by them to be of the ‘nitens’ form (Wilson and Reels 2003) and these records should all be treated as Caliphaea nitens. All Caliphaea records recorded from Guangdong belong to C. nitens (Wilson and Xu 2007). The records of Caliphaea consimilis from Guangxi in Needham (1930) are also likely to belong to Caliphaea nitens.

" 139356310,Bayadera forcipata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,forcipata,,,,,"Needham, 1930","

Bayadera forcipata was described by Needham (1930) from a single male held in the US National Museum, collected by Dr. D. C. Graham west of Yachow, central Sichuan, 8 June 1923.

" 139361584,Burmagomphus collaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,collaris,,,,,"(Needham, 1929)","Burmagomphus collaris was described under the name Gomphus collaris by Needham (1930) from a single female obtained from Foochow, Fujian, China. In the same publication Needham (1930) also described Gomphus campestris from three males collected from ‘Hopei’ (Hubei province). Chao (1954) placed collaris in the genus Burmagomphus and also synonymised Gomphus campestris with Burmagomphus collaris. Although campestris was described first in the 1930 publication on page 57 as opposed to page 60 for collaris, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (24.2.1), the 'First Revisor' has the choice to declare the valid name. As such, Burmagomphus collaris should be treated as the senior synonym following Chao (1954) as the First Reviser. Davies and Tobin (1985), Bridges (1994), Steinmann (1997) and Lee (2001) all erroneously listed B. collaris as a junior synonym of B. campestris.

Needham (1929) listed both G. collaris and G. campestris as new species in a publication titled: Key to the Adults of Peping Odonata. Jan van Tol of the Leiden Museum (pers com) is of the opinion that the names listed in the 1929 key are available and in consequence the author citation should be Burmagomphus collaris (Needham, 1929)." 139369911,Lamelligomphus choui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,choui,,,,,"Chao & Liu, 1989","Lamelligomphus choui was described by Chao and Liu (1989) from a single male from Anhui, China. Lamelligomphus choui tienfuensis Chao 1995 was described from a single male from Sichuan. Chao (1995) considered the presence of semi-circular prominences above the lateral ocelli and depressed areas at each side of the occiput indicated that this taxon belonged to L. choui. According to Chao (1995) its colour pattern differs markedly from the nominate species by the following: (i) labrum predominantly yellow, (ii) crest of synthorax yellow and joined to yellow collar stripe, antehumeral stripe absent, (iv) three yellow spots on metepisternum (v) most abdominal segments with a basal ring. Chao (1995) stated there were no distinct structural differences when compared with the nominate subspecies but figured the posterior hamulus without a markedly curved tip, which is present in nominate choui. Wilson and Xu (2009) remarked that the shape of the hamuli of L. choui tienfuensis are identical to those of L. ringens (Needham 1930) and the overall body pattern and colouration is very similar. There is a distinct possibility that L. choui tienfuensis is a junior synonym of L. ringens." 141864269,Stylurus gaudens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylurus,gaudens,,,,,"(Chao, 1953)","Wilson (2019) reviewed the genus Stylurus Needham 1897 as follows: Stylurus is a Holarctic genus with representatives found in temperate and subtropical areas from North America, Asia and Europe. In the first edition of the Dragonflies of North America (Needham and Westfall 1955) Stylurus was treated as a subgenus of Gomphus Leach 1815 but following many taxonomists’ opinions, including Needham (1948), Asahina (1978), Carle (1986), Chao (1990) and Schmidt (1987), it is now universally accepted at generic level. The key characters used to determine the genus are small, simple post-like or narrow blade-like anterior hamules without hooks or teeth, simple and divaricate male cerci, short female subgenital plate (=<1/4 length of 9th sternite) deeply notched at tip, fourth segment of the penile organ very short, a short and wide post frons, absent or vestigial burrowing hooks on the larval mid and front tibia and elongate abdominal segment nine. Although the males of some species possess straight abdomens the majority have broadly clubbed abdomens with widely expanded abdominal segments 7-9. Chao (1991) noted that the genus Stylurus in China can easily be recognized by the shape of the posterior hamuli as well as by the colour marking on the frontal surface of the synthorax (dorsal stripes not confluent with collar stripe as observed in Asiagomphus). The posterior hamuli are long, narrow and always perpendicular or tangential to the longitudinal axis of the body.

Stylurus gaudens was described under Gomphus by Chao (1953) from a single female in the Kellogg collection collected in 1930 from Sichuan and housed in the US National Museum. Chao (1990) place gaudens in the genus Stylurus. Stylurus gideon was described under Gomphurus from male and female specimens collected from Chengdu, Sichuan (Needham, 1941) and transferred to Stylurus (Needham, 1948). Chengdu is just 65 km from the S. gaudens type locality. Stylurus gaudens was described with wide, u-shaped ridge above and between lateral ocelli but this feature has never been directly compared between the two species. Chao (1990) produced a key to Chinese Stylurus and could only separate these two species in a couplet based on minor colour differences observed in the labium i.e. S. gaudens having a mostly yellow labrum with narrow brown margin whereas S. gideon has a labrum with basal half black and a pair of large transverse yellow spots. These are minor differences and S. gaudens may prove to be a junior synonym of S. gideon." 145791475,Macromia beijingensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,beijingensis,,,,,"Zhu & Chen, 2005","Described from holotype male and paratype female from Beijing City. The authors considered Macromia beijingensis closest to Macromia amphigena Selys 1871, which is known from further north in China (Heilongjiang, Jilin) and also Japan, Korean Peninsula and Russia (Urals, Siberia and far east south Russia). There are clear colour pattern and structural differences including a distinctive yellow spot at the central base of the labrum, entirely dark dorsal antefrons, a pair of conical tubercles on the dorsum of abdominal segment 10 in addition to a unique form of caudal and secondary sexual appendages.
" 97114574,Olisthopus inclavatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Olisthopus,inclavatus,,,,,"Israelson, 1983", 148207679,Macromia hamata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,hamata,,,,,"Zhou, 2003","Described from single holotype male from Guizhou (Zhou 2003). It is similar to Macromia manchurica Asahina, 1964, which Zhang (2019) considered might be a senior synonym. Males of M. manchurica have a more developed yellow abdominal colour pattern but possess a similarly-shaped posterior hamulus. The M. hamata hamulus does not have such a sharply pointed hook at its apex, which is smoothly curved and rounded at its apex. Some records of M. manchuria in south China may refer to M. hamata. M. Manchuria is known from northeast China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing), Korean peninsula, south far east Russia (Zhang 2019, Malikova and Kosterin 2019)." 148207862,Melligomphus guangdongensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Melligomphus,guangdongensis,,,,,"(Chao, 1994)","Chao (1953) published a very detailed account of the external morphology of Onychogomphus ardens Needham. Later, Chao (1990) selected ardens as the genotype species for his new genus Melligomphus, which he established to receive Chinese onychogomphines with, inter alia, superior appendages shorter than inferior appendages and without markedly hooked tips, as in seen in the genus Lamelligomphus Fraser. Wilson (2009) stated the genus Melligomphus is reliably characterised by: (i) inferior anal appendages of male slightly longer than superior appendages, (ii) both branches of superior appendages more or less parallel, (iii) penile organ with a prominent postgenital lobe and a pair of raised, prominent, nose-like sclerotized structures, (iv) anal triangle of male 4-celled, (v) anal loop 2-celled or occasionally 1 or 3-celled, and (vi) posterior hamulus with an acuminate tip, not overtly hook-like. Wilson (2009) transferred Ophiogomphus guangdongensis Chao, 1994 to the genus Melligomphus and synonymised Melligomphus moluami Wilson (1995) as a junior synonym of Melligomphus quangdongensis." 148207913,Nihonogomphus huangshaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,huangshaensis,,,,,"Chao & Zhu, 1999","

Chao and Zhu (1999) described Nihonogomphus huangshaensis from a single female collected from Huangsha, Guangxi. Wilson (2005) described the first male from Nonggang, Guangxi and noted it was one of the few members of the genus with divaricate inferior appendages and black labrum. Chao (1995) established the subgenus Lobogomphus based, principally, on differences in the structure of the penile organ. Lobogomphus has a penile organ possessing a posterior lobe (prepuce) whereas the nominate subgenus Nihonogomphus (Nihonogomphus) does not possess a prepuce. Nihonogomphus huangshaensis belongs in the subgenus Lobogomphus.

" 148207989,Nychogomphus flavicaudus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nychogomphus,flavicaudus,,,,,"(Chao, 1982)","Carle (1986) established the subgenus Nychogomphus and Chao (1990) raised its status to genus and placed flavicaudus, which Chao had previously described from Hainan in Onychogomphus, into the newly established genus." 148208013,Orientogomphus armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Orientogomphus,armatus,,,,,"Chao & Xu, 1987","Chao and Xu (1987) established the subgenus Orientogomphus when describing Orientogomphus armatus from Fujian, south China." 148208041,Philoganga robusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGANGIDAE,Philoganga,robusta,,,,,"Navás, 1936","The genus Philoganga was established in 1890 by Kirby. It was long considered a member of the Amphipterygidae (Davies and Tobin 1984) but has now been placed in its own family (Dijkstra et al., 2014). Philoganga robusta was described by Navás (1936) and overlooked by many early taxonomists until Chao (1953) reviewed its status, redescribed P. robusta and reidentified many specimens previously identified as P. vetusta Ris, 1912. Wilson and Reels (2001) reviewed the status of many Chinese Philoganga and remarked that P. robusta can be separated from P. vetusta based on its larger size, general dark colouration, the presence of a complete or partial antehumeral stripe, lack of a bright-coloured abdominal dorsum in the male and slightly more robust penile organ." 148208099,Priscagrion pinheyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Priscagrion,pinheyi,,,,,"Zhou & Wilson, 2001","Zhou and Wilson (2001) established the genus Priscagrion within the subfamily Megapodagrioninae and described two species under the genus namely: Priscagrion kiauta Zhou & Wilson, 2001 and Priscagrion pinheyi Zhou & Wilson, 2001. The taxonomic affinities of the genus has caused considerable interest. Zhou and Wilson (2001) considered Priscagrion to be an archaic genus hence its name (Latin Priscus = ancient). De Marmels (2002) considered the closest relatives of Priscagrion are species of the Australo-Papuan Argiolestinae. Yu and Bu (2011) undertook a cladistic analysis and found Priscagrion along with Mesopodagrion, Philosina and Austroargiolestes formed a polytomy group of four branches at the base of a cladogram and agreed with De Marmels (2002) that Priscagrion’s closest relatives might be Argiolestinae. Based on a molecular phylogenic assessment Dijkstra et al. (2014) considered a close relationship to Argiolestidae is unlikely and that Priscagrion may represent a separate family perhaps together with Sinocnemis Wilson & Zhou, 2000. It is currently unclassified at family level as intertae sedis Group 5 (Schorr and Paulson 2019).

As noted by Petrulevičius et al. (2008) only the representatives of the tribe Megapodagrionini have their CuP veins proximal to the arculus and distal to the base of the anterior analis and the only extant members are Megapodagrion and Priscagrion." 148208206,Rhipidolestes fascia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,fascia,,,,,"Zhou, 2003","Zhou Wen-bao (2003) described Rhipidolestes fascia from male and female specimens collected in Guizhou, China. Males have very distinctive dark brown, broad medial cross bands on both for and hind wings.

The species is closely allied to R. yangbingi Davies 1998, which also has abdominal S9 with a bifid projection, similar caudal appendages and very similar penile organ. The only differences are a black labrum and very extensive medial wing bands in R. fascia as opposed to pale yellowish-brown labrum and wings having brown patches medially as described for R. yangbingi. The only structural difference was stated by Zhou (2003) to be: basal one third of superior appendages expanded with a prominent dorsal projection. The latter is not actually a projection but merely a slight angle in the superior appendages when viewed laterally in R. yangbingi. The exact same bend or angle is seen in other specimens of R. fascia depicted in Zhang (2019). It is not unusual to have minor colour variation in the labium (yellow-brown as opposed to black) and the degree of wing colouration can also vary within populations. It is likely that R. fascia is merely a colour form of R. yangbingi." 148208276,Rhipidolestes jucundus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,jucundus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1948",

Lieftinck (1948) described Rhipidolestes juncundus from Fujian based on three males and two females. Lieftinck remarked that his new species resembled R. malaisei but was a good deal smaller with different anal appendages.

148208284,Rhipidolestes laui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,laui,,,,,"Wilson & Reels, 2003","Wilson and Reels (2003) described Rhipidolestes laui from Guangxi based on two males. It is a non-pruinosed, large-sized Rhipidoletes with a yellowish-orange face. The authors remark that R. laui is allied to R. janetae and R. aculeatus but is much larger with slightly different caudal appendages and penile organ." 148208327,Rhipidolestes lii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,lii,,,,,"Zhou, 2003","Zhou (2003) described Rhipidolestes lii from Guizhou based on a single male. It is a non-pruinosed, medium-sized Rhipidoletes with a yellowish-orange face and hyaline wings. The authors remark that R. lii is allied to R. bastiaani Zhu and Yang (1998) from Shaanxi, which has a salmon pink face and smokey-brown wing tips. Its caudal appendages are very similar.
" 148208465,Rhipidolestes nectans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,nectans,,,,,"(Needham, 1929)","Between 1928 and 1931 three species of Rhipidolestes Ris, 1912, all with dark faces, were described from Zhejiang Province, China. The first of the trio was described as Taolestes nectans by Needham (1928) from a single female, collected from Hangzhou, Zhejiang. In the same publication Needham had erected the new genus Taolestes to receive it. Needham (1930) subsequently described the larvae of nectans, again under the Taolestes genus. The female nectans description included a blackish face with a very narrow pale stripe across the front of the clypeus, a broad yellow stripe between eyes. The male colouration was not described but the male abdominal segments 9-10 were figured showing a very small basal spine and the characteristic form of the superior appendages were shown in lateral and dorsal view. We now know, from photos taken in the field of live male Ripidolestes nectans in Zhejiang, that its upper head, lateral synthorax (excluding metepimeron), and abdominal segments 8-10 are heavily pruinosed white (Zhang 2019: 1145).

Rhipidolestes bidens Schmidt (1931) was the second of the trio to be described from Zhejiang at Hsiieh-Tau-Gebirge, Ninpo, Tsche-kiang (probably Xuedou Mountain, Ningpo, Zhejiang). Schmidt described the face as brown-black, labrum shimmering dark metallic green and blue, head black and both forehead and midsection pruinosed white, synthorax brown-black with bright humeral stripes and lower lateral up to second suture plus coxae pruinosed, abdomen dark metallic blue-green with S8-10 matte brownish-black. Schmidt figured the tip of the abdomen showing a very small basal spine and the characteristic form of the superior appendages were shown in lateral and dorsal view.

The third species, Ripidolestes apicatus Navás (1934), was described from a male from T’ien-Mou-Chan, Chekiang (Tianmushan, Zhejiang). Navás (1934) described the labrum and clypeus as: ‘caeruleo-viola-ceis, nitendibus’ i.e. shining or glittering blue-violet, perhaps equivalent to black with metallic violet-blue reflections. Navás (1934) figured the caudal appendages R. apicatus including abdominal segments 9-10 showing a very small basal spine. Navás described the lateral synthorax and abdomen with segments 8-10 pruinosed. The caudal appendages and S9 basal spine are identical to those figured for R. nectans by Needham (1930).

Most Rhipdolestes have black faces with orange, red or blue markings. Lieftinck (1948) noted, when describing Rhipidolestes juncundus, that R. bidens, R. nectans (Needham, 1929) and R. apicatus all have dark faces, partly or almost wholly black, or metallic blue-green. Asahina (1956) tentatively synonymised R. bidens with R. nectans based on male and female R. nectans specimens collected from west Tien-Mu-Shan, Chekiang (Tianmushan, Zhejiang), which is the same locality at the type-location for R. apicatus. He felt Needham’s male description rather inadequate to decide the true identity of R. nectans but nevertheless stated that it was highly probable that his specimens belonged to R. nectans. Asahina (1956) also examined the type female nectans in the California Academy, which he stated was ‘quite similar’ to his female specimens and summarised: ‘I should tentatively make our material belong to Needham’s “nectans”…’

Both Davies and Tobin (1984) and Steinmann (1997) accepted Asahina’s synonymy and treated R. bidens as a junior synonym of R. nectans.

Chao (1962) noted that during 1934 to 1936 Navás published 31 new Chinese species most of which were deposited in the Zoological Institute of Academia Sinica. Navás paid scant attention to the published odonate literature and after Chao examined many of the types in 1961 he found most of them were not new to science. Chao (1962) sank 12 of Navás’ types in a single paper. As mentioned R. apicatus was described from the same locality as Asahina’s (1956) R. nectans material from Tianmushan, Zhejiang, which Asahina argued was a senior synonym of R. bidens. The description of R. apicatus and drawings of caudal abdomen and anal appendages provided by Navás (1934) exactly match the description given for both R. bidens by Schmidt (1931) and that given for R. nectans by Asahina (1956). It is clearly a junior synonym of R. nectans as stated by Asahina (1956).

The only known Rhipidolestes species currently known from Zhejiang are R. nectans, R. bidens and R. apicatus plus a putative new reddish-brown faced species clearly allied to R. rubriceps Navás known from neighbouring Jiangxi (Zhang 2019).

It is now evident that both R. bidens and R. apicatus are junior synonyms of R. nectans as already indicated by previous authors." 148208549,Rhipidolestes yangbingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Rhipidolestes,yangbingi,,,,,"Davies, 1998","Davies (2003) described Rhipidolestes yangbingi from male specimens collected in Sichuan, China. It is closely allied to R. fascia Zhou, 2003, which also has abdominal S9 with a bifid projection, similar caudal appendages and very similar penile organ. The differences include a black labrum and very extensive medial wing bands in R. fascia as opposed to pale yellowish-brown labrum and wings having brown patches medially as described for R. yangbingi. The only structural difference was stated by Zhou (2003) to be: basal one third of superior appendages expanded with a prominent dorsal projection. The latter is not actually a projection but merely a slight angle in the superior appendages when viewed laterally in R. yangbingi. The exact same bend or angle is seen in other specimens of R. fascia depicted in Zhang (2019). It is not unusual to have minor colour variation in the labium (yellow-brown as opposed to black) and the degree of wing colouration can also vary within populations. It is likely that R. fascia is merely a colour form of R. yangbingi." 148208641,Sieboldius herculeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,herculeus,,,,,"Needham, 1930","Needham (1930) described Sieboldius herculeus from a single female collected by C.R. Kellogg in Fujian. Asahina (1972) suggested that Sieboldius deflexus (Chao, 1955) described from male only specimens from Fujian and separated from S. herculeus based only on minor colour differences might be a junior synonym of S. herculeus. Wilson and Xu (2009) described a female S. deflexus from Guangdong and closely compared the female with Needham’s original description. They could find no overt structural differences and noted only a narrowly divided yellow transverse frons stripe as opposed to an almost divided frons stripe. With so few records of Sieboldius known at that time Wilson and Xu (2009) refrained from synonymising S. deflexus with S. herculeus. However, it is most probable that S. deflexus, which has now been recorded from Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guixhou, Hubei, Taiwan and Zhejiang (Zhang 2019) is a junior synonym of S. herculeus. No further records of S. herculeus have been made since its original description." 148208774,Sinocnemis dumonti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Sinocnemis,dumonti,,,,,"Wilson & Zhou, 2000","Wilson and Zhou (2000) erected the genus Sinocnemis within Platycnemididae to receive two new species S. dumonti and S. yangbingi. Sinocnemis dumonti was described from Guizhou, China. Wilson and Zhou (2000) noted that both species did not appear to be closely related to any other members of the Platycnemididae. The true taxonomic affinities within Zygoptera along with Priscagrion Zhou and Wilson (2001) have caused mush debate in recent years.

Kalkman (2008) considered Sinocnemis should be placed in Megapodagrionidae. Van Tol's (2009) analysis indicated Sinocnemis to be sister to all zygopterans except lestids. Dumont et al. (2010) remarked that Sinocnemis was neither a megapodagrionid nor a platycnemidid. Yu and Bu (2011) carried out a cladistic study and also concluded that Sinocnemis was neither a megapodagrionid nor a platycnemid and might warrant a family of its own. Dijkstra et al. (2014) stated the different genital ligulae and their molecular data implied there was no close relationship to Megapodagrionidae and that Sinocnemis may represent a separate family perhaps together with Priscagrion. It is currently placed in Incertae Sedis Group 5 in Schorr and Paulson's (2020) World Odonata List." 148208808,Sinocnemis henanese,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Sinocnemis,henanese,,,,,"Wang, 2003","Wilson and Zhou (2000) erected the genus Sinocnemis to receive two new species; S. dumonti and S. yangbingi. Sinocnemis henanese Wang (2003) was described shortly afterwards from Henan based primarily on its lack of a bluish-yellowish stripe at the posterior base of the humeral suture and the presence of an ‘apophysis’ at the distal margin of the penile organ. Kalkman (2008) considered that the differential diagnosis provided by Wang was inadequate to describe a new species and considered S. henanese to be a junior synonym of S. yangbingi. Yu and Bu (2011) examined further specimens of both S. yangbingi and S. henanese and reinstated S. henanese as a valid species based on its penile organ (ligula) and the clear protrusion at its tip, which is lacking in Sinocnemis yangbingi and S. dumonti." 148208845,Sinocnemis yangbingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Sinocnemis,yangbingi,,,,,"Wilson & Zhou, 2000","Wilson and Zhou (2000) erected the genus Sinocnemis within Platycnemididae to receive two new species S. dumonti and S. yangbingi. Sinocnemis yangbingi was described from Sichuan, China. Wilson and Zhou (2000) noted that both species did not appear to be closely related to any other members of the Platycnemididae. The true taxonomic affinities within Zygoptera along with Priscagrion Zhou and Wilson (2001) have caused mush debate in recent years.

Kalkman (2008) considered Sinocnemis should be placed in Megapodagrionidae. Van Tol's (2009) analysis indicated Sinocnemis to be sister to all zygopterans except lestids. Dumont et al. (2010) remarked that Sinocnemis was neither a megapodagrionid nor a platycnemidid. Yu and Bu (2011) carried out a cladistic study and concluded that Sinocnemis was neither a megapodagrionid nor a platycnemid and might warrant a family of its own. Dijkstra et al. (2014) stated the different genital ligulae and their molecular data implied there was no close relationship to Megapodagrionidae and that Sinocnemis may represent a separate family perhaps together with Priscagrion. It is currently placed in Incertae Sedis Group 5 in Schorr and Paulson's (2020) World Odonata List." 148208983,Sinogomphus asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sinogomphus,asahinai,,,,,"Chao, 1984","May (1935) established the genus Sinogomphus when he described S. nigrofasciatus and named it the genotype species. However, May overlooked Gomphus scissus McLachlan 1896, a senior synonym, that has now replaced it as the genotype species S. scissus following Klots (1947). Chao (1984) described S. asahinai based on both male and female specimens collected from Guangxi. It is similar to S. telemon (Lieftinck, 1939) and S. suensoni (Lieftinck, 1939) but the males of these two species do not possess a deeply cleft inferior appendage and females lack horns on the occipital margin which are both features found in S. asahinai." 148209319,Sympetrum nomurai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,nomurai,,,,,"Asahina, 1997","

Asahina (1997) described Sympetrum nomurai from male and female specimens collected from high altitude mountains (3,300 m) in Sichuan. These are the only specimens recorded for this taxon. The male specimens have strongly upturned superior appendages similar to S. eroticum Selys, 1841, but the abdominal body colour is pale brown above and black below S2-10 rather than red above and less extensive black below as seen in S. eroticum. The female vulvar scale is broadly divided whereas the vulvar scale of S. eroticum is closed.

" 148209435,Trigomphus carus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Trigomphus,carus,,,,,"Chao, 1954","Chao (1953) listed just the name: ‘Trigomphus needhami sp. nov.’ from Fujian but Chao (1954) ultimately described it as Trigomphus carus in his formal description.

The genus Trigomphus was established by Bartenov, 1911. Trigomphus nigripes (Selys, 1887) is the genotype species. Chao (1954) divided the genus into two groups viz: agricola group with female valvular vulvae deeply cleft and reflexed outwards at tips but cleft less than half length of subgenital plate and carus group with deeply cleft female valvular vulvae that exceed the overall length of the subgenital plate. " 141483916,Gobiodon winterbottomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiodon,winterbottomi,,,,,"Suzuki, Yano & Senou, 2012", 114175970,Poecilopsetta dorsialta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,dorsialta,,,,,"Guibord & Chapleau, 2001", 154795,Poecilopsetta albomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,albomaculata,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 145791223,Huonia oreophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,oreophila,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 148575585,Nannophlebia biroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,biroi,,,,,"(Förster, 1900)", 148575768,Nannophlebia braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,braueri,,,,,"(Förster, 1900)","

Lieftinck (1963: 752) noted that Nannophlebia braueri is likely to be the same species as N. amphicyllis, this issue is not yet resolved. 

" 148575810,Nannophlebia imitans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,imitans,,,,,"Ris, 1900", 148575868,Nannophlebia kalkmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,kalkmani,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2011", 197198,Lankascincus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lankascincus,megalops,,,,,"(Annandale, 1906)","There is extensive confusion surrounding the identity of the species Lygosoma megalops, Sphenomorphus dorsicatenatus and Eutropis tammana. The collection localities of the original two syntypes of S. megalops were described as Kitulgala in the wet zone and Puttalam in the dry zone, but while the syntypes have been lost these specimens have long been suspected to correspond to two different species. Subsequently, Deraniyagala (1944) described Lankascincus dorsicatenatus (the holotype of which has also been lost) from the southern wet zone and Das et al. (2008) described a new species from Puttulam, Eutropis tammana. Based on presently understood concepts, all three species are difficult to distinguish from one another and it is likely that either the wet zone S. dorsicatenatus or the dry zone E. tammana represents a junior synonym of L. megalops. Due to the lack of clarity over the true identity of S. megalops and the presumption that the two syntypes are not conspecific, it is presently impossible to determine to which of these two species the name should refer, or indeed whether S. megalops represents a genuinely distinct taxon (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019).

In an effort to resolve confusion surrounding this species, Batuwita (2019) assigned a neotype to S. megalops based on material from Kitulgala, but this has served to generate further confusion and controversy. The selection of this type locality was justified only by the claim that ""the only known Lankascincus from Puttulam is L. fallax"", but this author did not discuss the status of Eutropis tammana (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). Furthermore, he assigned a neotype for Lankascincus dorsicatenatus and redescribed it as a validly distinct species from his Lankascincus megalops, although recent molecular evidence suggests that material from the type locality of L. dorsicatenatus - which is close to Kitulgala - is conspecific with the Kitulgala form (M. Wickramasinghe pers. comm. 2019). On this basis, M. Wickramasiinghe (pers. comm. 2019) argues that recognizing L. megalops as a valid species from Kitulgala necessitates relegating L. dorsicatenatus to its synonymy." 61293,Oreochromis karongae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,karongae,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1941)", 182001,Oreochromis shiranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,shiranus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897","There are two recognised subspecies of this species (Trewavas 1983). Oreochromis shiranus shiranus Boulenger, 1897 is found in Lakes Malawi and Malombe and the Shire River down to just below Kapachira Falls. The second subspecies O. s. chilwae (Trewavas 1966) occurs in Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta and their affluent streams. The two subspecies are distinguished by colour, with the Lake Malawi subspecies having yellow-orange lappets on dorsal and caudal fins, while the Chilwa/Chiuta subspecies has deep red lappets.

As Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta are headwaters of the Rovuma River, the Chilwa subspecies relationship with Oreochromis placidus ruvumae (Trewavas, 1966) needs to be assessed using modern genetic techniques. Oreochromis shiranus is distinct from Oreochromis placidus placidus from the Lower Zambezi (Tweddle and Willoughby 1979)." 60760,Oreochromis squamipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,squamipinnis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Mature males of O. squamipinnis are easily distinguished from the other chambo, because they have pale heads. Usually the head is blue, but sometimes it can be green or white. The genital tassels may be exceptionally long in O. squamipinnis. One 17 cm (6.7 inch) SL male, which held a territory but did not spawn, was reported to have a pair of tassels as long as 9 cm or 3½ inches (Trewavas 1983: 477)." 61044,Lethrinops micrentodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,micrentodon,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61161,Chindongo ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,ater,,,,,"(Stauffer, 1988)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Pseudotropheus ater Stauffer, 1988 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61175,Chindongo saulosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,saulosi,,,,,"(Konings, 1990)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61107,Labidochromis zebroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,zebroides,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61121,Melanochromis lepidiadaptes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,lepidiadaptes,,,,,"Bowers & Stauffer, 1997", 60991,Nyassachromis breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,breviceps,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61002,Otopharynx selenurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,selenurus,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 60979,Placidochromis phenochilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,phenochilus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)",Previously classified in Protomelas due to lack of knowledge on its melanin pattern when it was described — only individuals in full blue colouration had been observed. 61111,Pseudotropheus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,brevis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 60947,Trematocranus microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocranus,microstoma,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60870,Copadichromis mloto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,mloto,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)","Copadichromis virginalis, C. kajose and C. mloto are combined in all fisheries statistics, and all are considered as C. mloto." 60859,Nyassachromis boadzulu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,boadzulu,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)","This species has a bold mid-lateral stripe on its body. Konings (1995) regards this species as belonging to the genus Nyassachromis due to its basic pigmentation pattern as well as its habit of constructing spawning cones, since all other species in the genus Copadichromis have spots or lack pattern on the flanks and are not known to build spawning cones on sand [except for Copadichromis likomae (Iles, 1960)]. This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis but is now valid in the genus Nyassachromis (Konings 2016)." 60869,Copadichromis mbenjii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,mbenjii,,,,,"Konings, 1990",This species previously appeared on the Red List as Copadichromis mbenji but the correct spelling is Copadichromis mbenjii. 60887,Corematodus shiranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Corematodus,shiranus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 60920,Cyrtocara moorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cyrtocara,moorii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902", 61007,Otopharynx pachycheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,pachycheilus,,,,,"Arnegard & Snoeks, 2001", 61027,Mchenga conophoros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mchenga,conophoros,,,,,"(Stauffer, LoVullo & McKaye, 1993)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006." 61057,Aulonocara baenschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,baenschi,,,,,"Meyer & Riehl, 1985", 61060,Aulonocara ethelwynnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,ethelwynnae,,,,,"Meyer, Riehl & Zetzsche, 1987", 61067,Aulonocara maylandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,maylandi,,,,,"Trewavas, 1984", 61068,Aulonocara kandeense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,kandeense,,,,,"Tawil & Allgayer, 1987", 61112,Melanochromis chipokae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,chipokae,,,,,"Johnson, 1975", 61113,Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,cyaneorhabdos,,,,,"(Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 61163,Chindongo demasoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,demasoni,,,,,"(Konings, 1994)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Pseudotropheus demasoni Konings, 1994 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 117809499,Metriaclima flavicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,flavicauda,,,,,"Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016", 120732502,Metriaclima usisyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,usisyae,,,,,"Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016", 124556154,Metriaclima koningsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,koningsi,,,,,"Stauffer, 2018", 60850,Bathyclarias longibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,longibarbis,,,,,"(Worthington, 1933)", 60851,Bathyclarias rotundifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,rotundifrons,,,,,"Jackson, 1959", 60852,Bathyclarias eurydon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,eurydon,,,,,"Jackson, 1959", 60853,Bathyclarias filicibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,filicibarbis,,,,,"Jackson, 1959", 60854,Bathyclarias worthingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,worthingtoni,,,,,"Jackson, 1959","Banda (unpublished) proposes that this species is conspecific with Bathyclarias gigas Jackson, 1959. The type specimens for both species were examined and could not be distinguished. Bathyclarias gigas was described by the suprabranchial organ based on the structure which M. Banda (unpublished) notes is not a valid key character. Banda (unpublished) also notes that B. worthingtoni was described by Jackson from an aberrant specimen with a deformity on one of its maxillary barbels causing its base to swell into an enlarged conical structure - no specimen resembling the diagram in Jackson's paper was found. Banda further notes that conical swellings at the base of the maxillary barbel (but not as in Jacksons 1959 diagram) are a common feature in fish with short gill rakers. He notes that the specimens found in the field fitted the description of B. worthingtoni except for this character." 60855,Bathyclarias atribranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,atribranchus,,,,,"(Greenwood, 1961)", 60867,Mchenga inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mchenga,inornata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)","Only known from two museum specimens (cotypes) with TL of 9.5 cm (could be juveniles). The collection site is unknown and therefore it is unlikely to be recognised in the field (Konings 1995).

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006.

Additionally, this species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under the incorrect spelling of Mchenga inornatus, but it is valid as Mchenga inornata." 60873,Nyassachromis prostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,prostoma,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)","This species has a dark lateral stripe on the body. Konings (1995) regards this species as belonging to the genus Nyassachromis due to its basic pigmentation pattern as well as its habit of constructing spawning cones, since all other species in the genus Copadichromis have spots or lack pattern on the flanks and are not known to build spawning cones on sand [except for Copadichromis likomae (Iles, 1960)]. This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis but is now valid in the genus Nyassachromis (Konings 2016)." 60911,Naevochromis chrysogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Naevochromis,chrysogaster,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)",Sometimes classified in Otopharynx. 60932,Aristochromis christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aristochromis,christyi,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60936,Labeotropheus trewavasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labeotropheus,trewavasae,,,,,"Fryer, 1956", 60937,Labeotropheus fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labeotropheus,fuelleborni,,,,,"Ahl, 1926", 60942,Tyrannochromis nigriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tyrannochromis,nigriventer,,,,,"Eccles, 1989",May be a junior synonym of Tyrannochromis maculiceps. 60949,Stigmatochromis modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stigmatochromis,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 60953,Tramitichromis intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tramitichromis,intermedius,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60955,Tramitichromis trilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tramitichromis,trilineatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1931)", 60956,Tramitichromis variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tramitichromis,variabilis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1931)", 60957,Taeniolethrinops cyrtonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Taeniolethrinops,cyrtonotus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1931)", 60958,Taeniolethrinops furcicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Taeniolethrinops,furcicauda,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1931)", 60960,Taeniolethrinops praeorbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Taeniolethrinops,praeorbitalis,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60962,Petrotilapia tridentiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,tridentiger,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60964,Petrotilapia genalutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Petrotilapia,genalutea,,,,,"Marsh, 1983", 60981,Placidochromis electra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,electra,,,,,"(Burgess, 1979)", 60982,Placidochromis hennydaviesae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,hennydaviesae,,,,,"(Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)", 60983,Placidochromis johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,johnstoni,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 60985,Placidochromis milomo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,milomo,,,,,"Oliver, 1989", 60986,Aulonocara stonemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,stonemani,,,,,"(Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)", 60989,Nyassachromis purpurans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,purpurans,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60990,Nyassachromis microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,microcephalus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60992,Nyassachromis nigritaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,nigritaeniatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60994,Nyassachromis serenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,serenus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60997,Otopharynx brooksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,brooksi,,,,,"Oliver, 1989", 60999,Otopharynx heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,heterodon,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)",May be a complex of species; needs revision. 61004,Otopharynx tetraspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,tetraspilus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61005,Otopharynx tetrastigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,tetrastigma,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 61009,Mylochromis balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,balteatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61010,Mylochromis epichorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,epichorialis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61014,Mylochromis incola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,incola,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61015,Mylochromis labidodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,labidodon,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61016,Mylochromis lateristriga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,lateristriga,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 61019,Mylochromis mollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,mollis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61020,Mylochromis obtusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,obtusus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61021,Mylochromis plagiotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,plagiotaenia,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61025,Bathyclarias foveolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,foveolatus,,,,,"(Jackson, 1955)", 61049,Lethrinops lunaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,lunaris,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61052,Lethrinops auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,auritus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61053,Lethrinops argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,argenteus,,,,,"Ahl, 1926",This species corresponds to Lethrinops sp. 'longipinnis orange head'. 61054,Lethrinops turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,turneri,,,,,"Ngatunga & Snoeks, 2003", 61074,Aulonocara trematocephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,trematocephalum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)","This species is only known from its holotype whose locality was erroneously recorded as from the""north end of Lake Tanganyika"" and described as Tilapia trematocephala. It was suggested later, that it belongs to the Malawi cichlid group and was initially included in the genus Trematocranus (Eccles and Trewavas 1989, Konings 1995).

This species previously appeared on the Red List as Aulonocara trematocephala but the correct spelling is Aulonocara trematocephalum." 61075,Protomelas annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,annectens,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61077,Protomelas fenestratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,fenestratus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61079,Protomelas kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,kirkii,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 61080,Protomelas labridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,labridens,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61081,Protomelas macrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,macrodon,,,,,"Eccles, 1989","This species was among the initial P. pleurotaenia collection. It was later assigned to a new species (together with another specimen from Nkhotakota) due to its greatly enlarged, molariform pharyngeal teeth. Konings (1995) notes ""since it is known that the pharyngeal teeth structure can vary from individual to individual within a single population it is unclear whether this is a distinct species or a local variant of P. pleurotaenia"". Field observations combined with the examination of additional preserved specimens are needed to give the answer." 61083,Protomelas pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,pleurotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1901)", 61085,Protomelas spilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,spilonotus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61090,Labidochromis caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,caeruleus,,,,,"Fryer, 1956", 61098,Labidochromis maculicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,maculicauda,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61103,Labidochromis shiranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,shiranus,,,,,"Lewis, 1982", 61105,Labidochromis textilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,textilis,,,,,"Oliver, 1975", 61108,Melanochromis auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,auratus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 61110,Pseudotropheus benetos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,benetos,,,,,"(Bowers & Stauffer, 1997)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 61120,Abactochromis labrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Abactochromis,labrosus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)",On the basis of research conducted by Oliver and Arnegard (2010) this species has been moved from the genus Melanochromis to Abactochromis. 61123,Melanochromis melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,melanopterus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 61128,Melanochromis simulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,simulans,,,,,"Eccles, 1973", 61132,Metriaclima barlowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,barlowi,,,,,"(McKaye & Stauffer, 1986)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61136,Pseudotropheus crabro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,crabro,,,,,"(Ribbink & Lewis, 1982)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia Meyer & Förster, 1984 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 61141,Metriaclima fainzilberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,fainzilberi,,,,,"(Staeck, 1976)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61157,Tropheops macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,macrophthalmus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1926)", 61159,Tropheops novemfasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,novemfasciatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61162,Chindongo cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,cyaneus,,,,,"(Stauffer, 1988)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Pseudotropheus cyaneus Stauffer, 1988 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61170,Pseudotropheus lucerna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,lucerna,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 61171,Chindongo minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,minutus,,,,,"(Fryer, 1956)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61173,Pseudotropheus perspicax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,perspicax,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)","This ""mbuna"" was reassigned to the genus Pseudotropheus from Melanochromis due to it lacking the colour pattern of two horizontal bands found in most Melanochromis species as well as its territorial behaviour (which this species exhibits) which is more pronounced in Pseudotropheus than Melanochromis species." 61176,Chindongo socolofi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,socolofi,,,,,"(Johnson, 1974)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 120690122,Bathyclarias nyasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Bathyclarias,nyasensis,,,,,"(Worthington, 1933)", 66080948,Aphonopelma pallidum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Aphonopelma,pallidum,,,,,"(Pickard-Cambridge, 1897)", 66081178,Brachypelma albiceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,albiceps,,,,,"Pocock, 1903", 66081213,Brachypelma albopilosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,albopilosum,,,,,"Valerio, 1980","The known species range comprises two disjunct areas, one in the Caribbean coast of Honduras and another in southern Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica. However, the Honduran subpopulations are currently of unclear taxonomic status and deserve further taxonomic studies, not being considered here." 66081217,Brachypelma andrewi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,andrewi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1992","

B. andrewi is known from a single male supposedly from the island of Cuba (Smith 1992). However, the holotype is lost and there is no other information about the species. Probably it will be considered as nomen dubium after future taxonomic revision.


" 66081448,Brachypelma auratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,auratum,,,,,"Schmidt, 1992", 66081466,Brachypelma aureoceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,aureoceps,,,,,"(Chamberlin, 1917) ","

This species is known from a single female, described in 1917 and reportedly from the Dry Tortugas islands, Florida, USA (Chamberlin 1917). This species will likely be reevaluated as nomen dubium after an ongoing taxonomic revision is published.


" 66081548,Brachypelma baumgarteni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,baumgarteni,,,,,"Smith, 1993", 66081558,Brachypelma boehmei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,boehmei,,,,,"Schmidt & Klaas, 1993", 66081622,Brachypelma emilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,emilia,,,,,"(White, 1856)", 66081696,Brachypelma epicureanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,epicureanum,,,,,"(Chamberlin, 1925)", 66081722,Brachypelma fossorium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,fossorium,,,,,"Valerio, 1980","

An ongoing revision indicates that B. fossorium belongs to a different genus, thus, the taxonomic position of this species could change in the near future.


" 66081800,Brachypelma hamorii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,hamorii,,,,,"Tesmoingst, Cleton & Verdez, 1997","

Due to a misidentification by Schmidt (1992a), subsequent errors were done by different authors, which identified B. hamorii specimens as being B. smithi (Mendoza and Francke 2017).  

" 66081869,Brachypelma kahlenbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,kahlenbergi,,,,,"Rudloff, 2009", 66081934,Brachypelma klaasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,klaasi,,,,,"(Schmidt & Krause, 1994)", 66082155,Brachypelma sabulosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,sabulosum,,,,,"(Pickard-Cambridge, 1897)","Probably the status of this species will change with the future publication of the taxonomic revision of the group." 66082166,Brachypelma schroederi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,schroederi,,,,,"Rudloff, 2003", 8152,Brachypelma smithi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,smithi,,,,,"(Cambridge, 1897)","CITES still records the synonym Brachypelma annitha as a valid species.
" 66082277,Brachypelma verdezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,verdezi,,,,,"Schmidt, 2003", 66081257,Sericopelma angustum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Sericopelma,angustum,,,,,"(Valerio, 1980)", 66081568,Sericopelma embrithes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Sericopelma,embrithes,,,,,"(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936)","

This species was listed by CITES for many years as Brachypelma embrithes (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936). Despite being known and currently present in several zoological collections, the male of this species remains undescribed.


" 66082199,Brachypelma vagans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,THERAPHOSIDAE,Brachypelma,vagans,,,,,"(Ausserer, 1875)","

Ongoing taxonomic revision indicates that Brachypelma vagans seems to be a complex of species. The status of this taxon will be clarified in the future.


" 148750771,Megaleporinus obtusidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Megaleporinus,obtusidens,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

145432634,Megophrys leishanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,leishanensis,,,,,"Li, Xu, Liu, Jiang, Wei & Wang, 2019",This species is a split from the broader concept Megophrys minor (Li et al. 2018). 195084,Symphurus jenynsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,jenynsi,,,,,"Evermann & Kendall, 1906", 184745,Galatea cailliaudi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,cailliaudi,,,,,"Bernardi, 1860",The genus Galatea is in need of revision. 184544,Galatea bernardii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Galatea,bernardii,,,,,"Dunker, 1857",The genus is in need of revision. 61138,Pseudotropheus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,elegans,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia Meyer & Förster, 1984 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 60846,Labeo mesops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,mesops,,,,,"Günther, 1868", 60862,Mchenga cyclicos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mchenga,cyclicos,,,,,"(Stauffer, Lovullo & McKaye, 1993)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006." 61026,Copadichromis azureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,azureus,,,,,"Konings, 1990", 61069,Aulonocara nyassae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,nyassae,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 61118,Labidochromis joanjohnsonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Labidochromis,joanjohnsonae,,,,,"Johnson, 1974","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 but is now valid in the genus Labidochromis Trewavas, 1935." 61127,Melanochromis robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,robustus,,,,,"Johnson, 1985", 61129,Melanochromis vermivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,vermivorus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 61133,Metriaclima benetos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,benetos,,,,,"Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997","This species was known previously by the cheironym Pseudotropheus zebra sp. 'mazinzi' (Ribbink et al. 1983). It differs from other individuals in the genus (except for M. callainos) in that individuals have a pale blue ground colour with the absence of distinct black vertical bars. The females of M. callainos are either light blue or white, while females of M. benetos are brown with green highlights.

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61137,Metriaclima cyneusmarginatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,cyneusmarginatum,,,,,"(Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997)","The blue marginal band and brown lappets distinguishes it from other members of the genus.

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61142,Metriaclima greshakei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,greshakei,,,,,"(Meyer & Förster, 1984)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61154,Metriaclima xanstomachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,xanstomachus,,,,,"(Stauffer & Boltz, 1989)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia but is now considered valid in the genus Metriaclima (Konings 2016, Stauffer et al. 2016)." 61158,Tropheops microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,microstoma,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61164,Chindongo elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,elongatus,,,,,"(Fryer, 1956)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Pseudotropheus elongatus (Fryer, 1956) but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61165,Chindongo flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chindongo,flavus,,,,,"(Stauffer, 1988)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922 but is now valid in the genus Chindongo Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016." 61168,Pseudotropheus galanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,galanos,,,,,"Stauffer & Kellogg, 2002", 61172,Tropheops modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,modestus,,,,,"(Johnson, 1974)","This species was previously known under the cheironym Pseudotropheus sp. 'Elongatus Bar' (Ribbink et al. 1983, Konings 1990). This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922 but is now valid in the genus Tropheops Trewavas, 1984." 61177,Pseudotropheus tursiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,tursiops,,,,,"Burgess & Axelrod, 1975", 57482786,Copadichromis cyanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,cyanocephalus,,,,,"Stauffer & Konings, 2006", 57482794,Copadichromis diplostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,diplostigma,,,,,"Stauffer & Konings, 2006", 57484459,Metriaclima glaucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,glaucos,,,,,"Ciccotto, Konings & Stauffer, 2011", 57484643,Metriaclima xanthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,xanthos,,,,,"Ciccotto, Konings & Stauffer, 2011", 57486681,Melanochromis mossambiquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,mossambiquensis,,,,,"Konings-Dudin, Konings & Stauffer, 2009", 57486708,Melanochromis wochepa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Melanochromis,wochepa,,,,,"Konings-Dudin, Konings & Stauffer, 2009", 115866950,Metriaclima lundoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,lundoense,,,,,"Stauffer, Black & Konings, 2013", 115867013,Metriaclima midomo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,midomo,,,,,"Stauffer, Black & Konings, 2013", 117808095,Cynotilapia chilundu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cynotilapia,chilundu,,,,,"Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016", 117850663,Tropheops biriwira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,biriwira,,,,,"Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016", 117850739,Tropheops kumwera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,kumwera,,,,,"Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016", 120695830,Iodotropheus sprengerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Iodotropheus,sprengerae,,,,,"Oliver & Loiselle, 1972", 129252382,Trematocranus pachychilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocranus,pachychilus,,,,,"Diericks, Hanssens, Rusawa & Snoeks, 2018", 141484010,Paragobiodon kasaii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Paragobiodon,kasaii,,,,,"Suzuki & Randall, 2011", 148872355,Ameles andreae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,andreae,,,,,"(Galvagni, 1976)", 148872843,Ameles paradecolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,paradecolor,,,,,"Agabiti, Salvatrice & Lombardo, 2010", 145432317,Megophrys ombrophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,ombrophila,,,,,"Messenger & Dahn, 2019", 141481850,Eviota abax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,abax,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 44792809,Geomantis larvoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,RIVETINIDAE,Geomantis,larvoides,,,,,"Pantel, 1896", 22705203,Vireo caribaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,caribaeus,,,,,"Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1942", 148940295,Agdistis cambriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PTEROPHORIDAE,Agdistis,cambriana,,,,,"Arenberger, Beard & Karisch, 2016", 148941417,Campsicnemus flavissimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,DOLICHOPODIDAE,Campsicnemus,flavissimus,,,,,"Grichanov, 2012", 65893566,Glyphipterix semilunaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE,Glyphipterix,semilunaris,,,,,"Wollaston, 1879", 148943547,Helenoscoparia helenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Helenoscoparia,helenensis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1879)", 148943780,Helenoscoparia lucidalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Helenoscoparia,lucidalis,,,,,"Walker, 1875", 148943827,Helenoscoparia scintillulalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Helenoscoparia,scintillulalis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1879)", 148943867,Helenoscoparia transversalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CRAMBIDAE,Helenoscoparia,transversalis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1879)", 148944177,Longitarsus mellissi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CHRYSOMELIDAE,Longitarsus,mellissi,,,,,"Wollaston, 1871", 148944579,Tarphiophasis leleupi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Tarphiophasis,leleupi,,,,,"Ardoin, 1972", 88127526,Melanophryniscus paraguayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,paraguayensis,,,,,"Céspedez & Motte, 2007", 149115153,Merodon albifasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,albifasciatus,,,,,"Macquart, 1842", 149115163,Merodon adriaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,adriaticus,,,,,"Veselić, Vujić & Radenković, 2017", 149115173,Merodon abruzzensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,abruzzensis,,,,,"(van der Goot, 1969)", 149115186,Merodon aerarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,aerarius,,,,,"Rondani, 1857", 149115226,Merodon alexandri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,alexandri,,,,,"Popov, 2010", 169370,Ancistrus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,spinosus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1916",Taphorn et al. (2013) classify Ancistrus spinosus as a synonym of Ancistrus centrolepis. The name Ancistrus spinosus is currently valid in Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2019) and is therefore retained. 169373,Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,tortuguerae,,,,,"Böhlke, 1958", 169382,Amphilophus zaliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,zaliosus,,,,,"(Barlow, 1976)", 169390,Brachyrhaphis roswithae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,roswithae,,,,,"Meyer & Etzel, 1998","

Recent phylogenetic evidence suggests that B. roswithae may not warrant species-level recognition, and that the systematic relationships within the B. episcopi species complex have not been fully resolved (Ingley et al. 2015, Stallsmith 2018). However, subpopulations in El Valle de Antón appear to be distinct (Stallsmith 2018). Any amendment to the current species concept will probably warrant reassessment.

" 49829548,Eretmobrycon scleroparius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,scleroparius,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 49829567,Gephyrocharax chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,chocoensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49830103,Brycon striatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,striatulus,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 49830316,Lebiasina festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,festae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 149082404,Atherinella guija,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,guija,,,,,"(Hildebrand, 1925)", 149082482,Atherinella meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,meeki,,,,,"(Miller, 1907)", 149082874,Carlana eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Carlana,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Meek, 1912)", 149103349,Eretmobrycon terrabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,terrabensis,,,,,"(Meek, 1914)", 149103814,Hoplias microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ERYTHRINIDAE,Hoplias,microlepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 149104990,Lebiasina boruca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,boruca,,,,,"(Bussing, 1967)", 149108666,Brycon costaricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,costaricensis,,,,,"Angulo & Gracian-Negrete, 2013", 149113333,Astyanax bransfordii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,bransfordii,,,,,"(Gill, 1877)", 149113944,Astyanax cocibolca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,cocibolca,,,,,"Bussing, 2008", 149113949,Astyanax nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,nasutus,,,,,"Meek, 1907", 149114729,Eretmobrycon gonzalezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,gonzalezi,,,,,"(Román-Valencia, 2002)", 149114795,Hyphessobrycon savagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,savagei,,,,,"Bussing, 1967", 149114854,Odontostilbe dialeptura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,dialeptura,,,,,"(Fink & Weitzman, 1974)",Molecular data suggests that there are at least two distinct subpopulations that exhibit morphological differences. Additional research is needed to determine if these distinct subpopulations warrant species-level status. Changes to the current species concept would likely warrant reassessment. 149114916,Roeboides bussingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,bussingi,,,,,"Matamoros, Chakrabarty, Angulo, Garita-Alvarado & McMahan, 2013", 149115239,Brycon argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,argenteus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1913", 149115310,Brycon chagrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,chagrensis,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 149115445,Brycon obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,obscurus,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1938", 149118674,Brycon petrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,petrosus,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1913", 149118753,Astyanax baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,baileyi,,,,,"(Rosen, 1972)", 149118918,Astyanax kompi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,kompi,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1938", 149119068,Astyanax panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,panamensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 149119212,Astyanax dorioni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,dorioni,,,,,"(Rosen, 1970)", 149163215,Merodon aureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,aureus,,,,,"Fabricius, 1805","Although Preradović et al. (2018) described the pupa under the name of Merodon aureus, new molecular data reidentified this pupa as an immature stage of Merodon calidus (Vujić et al. 2020). Speight (2020) listed the biological data under the name Merodon aeneus." 149163227,Eumerus gibbosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,gibbosus,,,,,"van Steenis, Hauser & van Zuijen, 2017", 149163247,Eumerus etnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,etnensis,,,,,"van der Goot, 1964", 149163267,Eumerus consimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,consimilis,,,,,"Šimić & Vujić, 1996", 149163287,Eumerus claripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,claripennis,,,,,"Coe, 1957", 149163297,Eumerus canariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,canariensis,,,,,"Báez, 1982", 149163337,Eumerus alpinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,alpinus,,,,,"Rondani, 1857","The species belongs to Eumerus olivaceus group. E. alpinus Rondani, 1857 was resurrected from synonymy of E. olivaceus Loew, 1848 and considered a good species by Grković et al. (2015). Until than the name of E. olivaceus was used for both species." 149163359,Pipiza noctiluca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,noctiluca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

Vujić et al. (2013) successfully used an integrative taxonomy approach for delimitation of Pipiza noctiluca from related species. P. noctiluca can be separated from related species using molecular data and geometric morphometric evidence: wing size and shape (Vujić et al. 2013). 

149163370,Pipiza luteitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,luteitarsis,,,,,"Zetterstedt, 1843","

Pipiza luteitarsis can be separated from other European species of genus using key from Vujić et al. (2013). Vujić et al. (2008) provide a key distinguishing P. luteitarsis from other known European species of the luteitarsis group and also figure the male terminalia. Species of the luteitarsis group can be separated from other European Pipiza species by the lack of a pair of apico-ventral ridges on the hind femora, which are present in the other species (Speight 2020).

" 149163380,Pipiza luteibarba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,luteibarba,,,,,"Vujić, Radenković & Polić, 2008",

Vujić et al. (2008) provide figures of the male terminalia and the key distinguishing Pipiza luteibarba from other European members of the luteitarsis group. The luteitarsis group of species may be distinguished from other European Pipiza by the lack of apicoventral ridges on the hind femora. P. luteibarba can be separated from other European species of the genus using the key provided by Vujić et al. (2013).

149163390,Pipiza lugubris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,lugubris,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775",Vujić et al. (2013) successfully applied an integrative taxonomy approach for delimitation of Pipiza lugubris. P. lugubris can be separated from related species using molecular data and geometric morphometric evidence: wing size and shape. This species can also be distinguished from P. laurusi by the distribution. 149163400,Pipiza laurusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,laurusi,,,,,"Vujić & Ståhls, 2012","

Pipiza laurusi cannot be separated using traditional morphological characters, only with molecular data and using geometric morphometric evidence: wing size and shape (Vujić et al. 2013). Distribution can also be used to separate this species from Pipiza lugubris.

" 149163410,Pipiza fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,fasciata,,,,,"Meigen, 1822",

Pipiza fasciata can be separated from other European species of genus using key from Vujić et al. (2013)

149163435,Pipiza carbonaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,carbonaria,,,,,"Meigen, 1822",

Pipiza carbonaria can be separated from other European species of the genus using the key provided by Vujić et al. (2013).

149163445,Pipiza austriaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,austriaca,,,,,"Meigen, 1822",

Pipiza austriaca can be separated from other European species of genus using key from Vujić et al. (2013)

149163465,Katara connexa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Katara,connexa,,,,,"Vujić & Radenković, 2018","This newly-recognized European monotypic genus has been discovered and described recently (Vujić et al. 2019). The systematic position of the taxon is within the tribe Rhingiini. Katara connexa is shiny, black species with broad, oval abdomen, which is distinctly broader than thorax in both sexes. Eyes are separated in both sexes (Vujić et al. 2019)." 149163476,Heringia adpropinquans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Heringia,adpropinquans,,,,,"(Becker, 1908)","Claussen et al. (1994) provided the key in which Heringia adpropinquans is distinguished from H. heringi (Zetterstedt, 1843) and figured the male terminalia. In the male of H. adpropinquans the surstylus is noticeably broader in the apical half of its length, whereas in H. heringi it is almost parallel-sided, from base almost to apex (Speight 2018)." 149163510,Cheilosia venosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,venosa,,,,,"Loew, 1857","A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figured the male terminalia. Cheilosia venosa belongs to the Cheilosia caerulescens-group for which Ståhls and Barkalov (2017) provided the key. This species is inadequately differentiated from C. caerulescens, C. herculana and C. kerteszi in the existing keys (Speight 2018)." 149163538,Cheilosia varnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,varnensis,,,,,"Claussen, 2000","Based on the presence of a precoxal bridge, Cheilosia varnensis belongs to the Cheilosia angustigenis-species group. Claussen (2000) provides features separating C. varnensis from other species in this group and figures the male terminalia." 149163548,Cheilosia vangaveri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,vangaveri,,,,,"Timon-David, 1937",A species of the subgenus Taeniochilosia. For identification see key to males of European Taeniochilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figured the male terminalia. Both sexes can be easily confused with C. sahlbergi Becker and females can easily be confused with C. pedestris Becker (Speight 2018). Claussen and van der Weyer (2004) provided an additional key for its identification. 149163569,Cheilosia tonsa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,tonsa,,,,,"Sack, 1938",A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figured the male terminalia. 149163579,Cheilosia marginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,marginata,,,,,"Becker, 1894",A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figure the male terminalia. 149163589,Cheilosia pini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,pini,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia pini belongs to the nominal subgenus. Vujić and Claussen (2000) redescribed the male and provide a description of the female, together with figures of the male terminalia and the key separating C. pini from other species of the pini group (Speight 2020)." 149163784,Cheilosia rhynchops,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,rhynchops,,,,,"Egger, 1860",Cheilosia rhynchops belongs to the nominate subgenus. It is extremely difficult to separate this species from C. lenta. The main difference is the presence of pilosity at mid of katepisternum. 149163811,Cheilosia rhodiolae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,rhodiolae,,,,,"Schmid, 2000","Cheilosia rhodiolae belongs to the nominate subgenus. Schmid (2000) figures the male terminalia and provides a key distinguishing this species from related C. fasciata and C. semifasciata. Speight et al. (2017) review the features available for separation of C. rhodiolae from C. fasciata and C. semifasciata and provide another identification key. Unpublished findings of Cheilosia semifasciata mining in leaves of Rhodiola rosea in Enontekiö, Finnish Lapland complicates the taxonomic interpretation of C. rhodiolae, which was previously believed to use a different host plant from C. semifasciata. Its species status remains doubtful as comparisons of mtDNA COI barcode sequences of adults and larvae from Central Europe, southern and northern Finland of both Cheilosia semifasciata and C. rhodiolae show identical mtDNA barcode sequences (Lair et al. 2021), and the morphological characters to separate the species are not informative." 149163831,Cheilosia redi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,redi,,,,,"Vujić, 1996","Cheilosia redi belongs to the nominal subgenus. It was originally described (Vujic 1996) as a subspecies of Cheilosia melanopa, it was raised to species level by Francuski et al. (2009), on the results of a comparative morphometric study of the adult insects involving C. lasiopa, C. melanopa and C. variabilis (Speight 2018)." 149163841,Cheilosia ranunculi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,ranunculi,,,,,"Doczkal, 2000","

Cheilosia ranunculi belongs to the nominate subgenus. Doczkal (2000) provides features for distinguishing the male of Cheilosia ranunculi from males of the closely-related C. albitarsis. Males of C. albitarsis and C. ranunculi can also be separated using the keys provided by van Veen (2004). Females of these two species cannot be distinguished. C. ranunculi and C. albitarsis are indistinguishable in the field and may be found in flight in the same place and on the same day, so considerable care is required in determining specimens.

" 149163851,Cheilosia pubera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,pubera,,,,,"(Zetterstedt, 1838)",A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figure the male terminalia. 149163862,Cheilosia psilophthalma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,psilophthalma,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia psilophthalma belongs to the nominate subgenus. In some recent keys this species would usually key out to C. urbana, since C.psilophthalma can have antennae that are from pale orange to almost black, and the keys do not accommodate this range of variation. This species can also be confused with C. latigenis (Speight 2018)." 149163872,Cheilosia personata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,personata,,,,,"Loew, 1857",A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figure the male terminalia. 149163882,Cheilosia pedemontana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,pedemontana,,,,,"Rondani, 1857","A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figure the male terminalia. The female of this species is remarkably similar to the female of C. alpestris, from which it may most easily be distinguished by its hairy metasternum (the metasternum is bare in C. alpestris; Speight 2018), and by the shape of alula on the wing." 149163892,Cheilosia pascuorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,pascuorum,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia pascorum belongs to proxima group of species of nominal subgenus. For identification see key of European species of proxima group in Vujić et al. (2013) who figure the male terminalia. In general appearance C. pascuorum closely resembles C. gigantea, but has abdominal tergites that are entirely pale (yellow-brown) haired, whereas in C. gigantea black hairs are also present. Where it meets R4+5, vein M1 is curved slightly toward the wing base in C. pascuorum. In the other species it either meets R4+5 at a right angle or is pointing more toward the wing apex, in consequence reaching R4+5 at an angle less than 90° (Speight 2018)." 149163923,Cheilosia orthotricha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,orthotricha,,,,,"Vujić & Claussen, 1994",Cheilosia orthotricha belongs to the nominate subgenus. It is related to Cheilosia canicularis and C. himanthopa (Vujić and Claussen 1994). The long pleural hairs are smooth. Other diagnostic features presented in (Vujić and Claussen 1994). 149163944,Cheilosia nebulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,nebulosa,,,,,"Verrall, 1871",Cheilosia nebulosa belongs to nominal subgenus. The male terminalia are figured by Claussen and Speight (1988). The adult insect is illustrated in colour by Stubbs and Falk (1983). Species with black r-m cross-vein on wing. 149163954,Cheilosia naruska,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,naruska,,,,,"Haarto & Kerppola, 2007",Cheilosia naruska belongs to nominal subgenus. Haarto et al. (2007) describe both sexes of this proxima group species and figure the male terminalia. The comprehensive key in which C. naruska has so far appeared is that provided by Bartsch et al. (2009). 149163975,Cheilosia montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,montana,,,,,"Egger, 1860",Cheilosia montana belongs to alpina species group of the subgenus Montanocheila. Features that distinguished this species from other members of this group were given by Claussen (1998). 149163995,Cheilosia lucense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,lucense,,,,,"Ricarte, 2014","

Cheilosia lucense belongs to the subgenus Montanocheila. It is most similar to C. chrysocoma. Males can be distinguished by using features of terminalia. Females can be separated by angular facial tubercle and pollinose sternum 2. Ricarte et al. (2014) describe both the male and female, figure the male terminalia and show how C. lucense can be incorporated into the key to the European alpina group of species (Claussen 1998).


" 149164033,Cheilosia limbicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,limbicornis,,,,,"Strobl, 1909",Cheilosia limbicornis belongs to nominal subgenus. The male is described by Torp Pedersen (1971). Diagnostic features are mentioned by Pérez-Bañón et al. (1996). 149164043,Cheilosia lenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,lenta,,,,,"Becker, 1894",Cheilosia lenta belongs to the nominate subgenus. It is extremely difficult to separate C. lenta from C. rhynchops. The main difference is absence of pilosity at mid of katepisternum. 149164053,Cheilosia latigenis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,latigenis,,,,,"Claussen & Kassebeer, 1993","Claussen and Kassebeer (1993) provide the key for distinguishing Cheilosia latigenis from the closely similar species C. mutabilis, C. psilophthalma and C. urbana. C. latigenis belongs to the nominate subgenus." 149164083,Cheilosia laeviventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,laeviventris,,,,,"Loew, 1857",A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figured the male terminalia. Cheilosia laeviventris belongs to the caerulescens species group of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia (former Nigrocheilosia) for which Ståhls and Barkalov (2017) provided the key. 149164093,Cheilosia laeviseta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,laeviseta,,,,,"Claussen, 1987",

Cheilosia laeviseta is a species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figured the male terminalia.

149164113,Cheilosia kerteszi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,kerteszi,,,,,"Szilady, 1938",

Cheilosia kerteszi belongs to the caerulescens species group of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia (former Nigrocheilosia) for which Ståhls and Barkalov (2017) provide the key. It can be distinguished from the most similar species (Cheilosia circassica) by the presence of a few black bristles on the postalar callus.


149164123,Cheilosia katara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,katara,,,,,"Claussen & Vujić, 1993",

Cheilosia katara belongs to nominal subgenus Cheilosia. An identification key distinguishing C. katara from other related species was provided by Vujić and Claussen (2000).

149164133,Cheilosia insignis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,insignis,,,,,"Loew, 1857","Cheilosia insignis is a member of subgenus Taeniocheilosia. An identification key is provided by Claussen and Van der Weyer (2004), Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) figure the male terminalia. Verlinden (2000) points out problems in the identification of C. insignis and provides features that help to identify C. insignis with more certainty." 149164143,Cheilosia ingerae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,ingerae,,,,,"Nielsen & Claussen, 2001","Cheilosia ingerae is a member of the nominative subgenus. Nielsen and Claussen (2001) described Cheilosia ingerae from northern Norway, and figured the male genitalia. They also provided characters to separate C. ingerae from C. gigantea. This species is included in the keys to northern European Cheilosia species in Haarto and Kerppola (2007) and Bartsch (2009)." 149164153,Cheilosia impudens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,impudens,,,,,"Becker, 1894",Cheilosia impudens belongs to the genus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figure the male terminalia. 149164184,Cheilosia iberica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,iberica,,,,,"Marcos-Garcia & Claussen, 1989","Cheilosia iberica belongs to Cheilosia s.str., and is a member of the proxima species-group. Marcos-Garcia and Claussen (1989) described both sexes of this species and figured the male terminalia and the head of the female." 149164194,Cheilosia hypena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,hypena,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia hypena belongs to the nominate subgenus. There is no key in which C. hypena is adequately distinguished from related species. Verlinden (1999) redescribed the species, providing detailed information on separation of this species from C. frontalis Loew. Goeldlin de Tiefenau (1974) mentioned some distinguishing features of C. hypena (as C. capitata). Claussen established that Cheilosia capitata Goeldlin, 1974 is a junior synonym of C. hypena." 149164204,Cheilosia himantopa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,himantopa,,,,,"(Panzer, 1798)",

Cheilosia himantopa belongs to canicularis species group of the subgenus Cheilosia. From the closely similar Cheilosia canicularis it can be distinguished based on features published by Stuke and Claussen (2000).

149164215,Cheilosia hercyniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,hercyniae,,,,,"Loew, 1857","Cheilosia hercyniae is a member of subgenus Taeniochilosia, and shares characters with members of the Cheilosia caerulescens species group. Ståhls and Barkalov (2017) provide a key for the separation of this species from others of the caerulescens group. The female of C. hercyniae is distinguished from related species by its possession of a very large, yellow-orange, third antennal segment, with, low down on its internal face, a very distinct, straight, slit-like antennal pit. An additional distinguishing feature of this species is that, in both sexes, the postero-dorsal triangular extension of mesanepisternite 1 carries long hairs (Speight 2018)." 149164225,Cheilosia herculana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,herculana,,,,,"Bradescu, 1982","Cheilosia herculana belongs to subgenus Taeniochilosia, and the caerulescens species group. Barkalov and Ståhls (2017) provide a key for the separation of this species from others of the caerulescens group. This species closely resembles C. caerulescens (Mg.)." 149164235,Cheilosia grisella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,grisella,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia grisella belong to subgenus Taeniochilosia. An identification key to differentiate this species from other members of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia was provided by Barkalov and Ståhls (1997), and a key for Taenichilosia males by Speight in the StN volume (Speight 2018).

The mtDNA COI barcode partly shared with other grisella-group species (G. Ståhls pers. comm. 2020)." 149164245,Cheilosia griseifacies,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,griseifacies,,,,,"Vujić, 1994","

Cheilosia griseifacies can be distinguished by features in the key presented in Vujić (1994). It has previously been confused with Cheilosia canicularis, but there should be less confusion now.

" 149164255,Cheilosia gagatea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,gagatea,,,,,"Loew, 1857","Cheilosia gagatea belongs to subgenus Taeniochilosia. An identification key to males of European Nigrocheilosia (=Taeniochilosia) species is provided in the StN Keys volume and by  Barkalov and Ståhls (1997), the latter study also figure the male terminalia. The length of the aristal hairs is variable in this species (Speight 2020)." 149164286,Cheilosia faucis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,faucis,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia faucis is a member of the subgenus Taeniochilosia. An identification key to males of European Taeniochilosia species is provided in StN Keys volume, and the key bare-eyed, black-legged Cheilosia species with partly red/orange antennae by Claussen and Van de Weyer (2004). Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) figure the male terminalia." 149164296,Cheilosia derasa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,derasa,,,,,"Loew, 1857","The species is a member of the subgenus Taeniochilosia. Identification keys are provided by Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) and Speight (2020) to males of European Taeniochilosia (as Nigrocheilosia). Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) figure the male terminalia. A particular feature of C. derasa is that in the wing the alula is more than six times as long as its maximum width, appearing strap-like, almost parallel-sided, a condition most unusual among Cheilosia species and shared only with Cheilosia alpestris." 149164309,Cheilosia cynocephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,cynocephala,,,,,"Loew, 1840","Cheilosia cynocephala is a member of the nominal subgenus. C.cynocephala is more variable in size than many other Cheilosia species, from the dimensions of C.melanura down to those of C. vernalis. Distinction of the males from C.melanura and C.vernalis on any basis other than the blue-black colour of C.cynocephala can be difficult. The surstyli of the male terminalia are figured by Stubbs and Falk (2002). Falk (2004) discusses the differences between males of spring and summer populations of C. cynocephala in Britain and how they may be distinguished from C. vernalis." 149164329,Cheilosia crassiseta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,crassiseta,,,,,"Loew, 1859","Cheilosia crassiseta belongs to subgenus Taeniochilosia. A key to males of European Nigrocheilosia (= Taeniochilosia) species is provided in StN Keys volume. An additional key, for identification of the bare-eyed, black-legged Cheilosia species with partly red/orange antennae, is provided by Claussen and Van der Weyer (2004). Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) figured the male terminalia." 149164339,Cheilosia clausseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,clausseni,,,,,"Barkalov & Ståhls, 1997","Cheilosia clausseni belongs to subgenus Taeniochilosia. Identification keys include key to males of European Nigrocheilosia (=Taeniochilosia) species in StN Keys volume, and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who also figure the male terminalia, and a key for identification of the bare-eyed, black-legged Cheilosia species with partly red/orange antennae by Claussen and Van der Weyer (2004)." 149164349,Cheilosia clama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,clama,,,,,"Claussen & Vujić, 1995","The species belongs to Cheilosia s.str. The male of this species bears a superficial resemblance to C. nebulosa Verrall, while the female resembles C. psilophthalma, though its eyes are entirely bare and its claws are paler in colour (Speight 2020). Vujić and Claussen (2000) provide information for discerning C. clama from the similar species C. pini and C. alba." 149164391,Cheilosia caerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,caerulescens,,,,,"(Meigen, 1822)","Cheilosia caerulescens is a member of the subgenus Taeniochilosia, and the caerulescens species-group. Ståhls & Barkalov (2017) provide a key for the separation of this species from others of the caerulescens group. Cheilosia caerulescens is a morphologically very variable species. Dark forms of this species may be mistaken for C. laeviventris Loew or C. venosa Loew, and the male terminalia of these species are indistinguishable." 149164432,Cheilosia beckeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,beckeri,,,,,"Strobl, 1910","Cheilosia beckeri is a member of subgenus Taeniochilosia. Strobl (1910) included a number of males in his description of Cheilosia beckeri, but whether they all belong to the same taxon is doubtful (Speight 2018). The female lectotype was redescribed by Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) and included in their key to females, and the male was tentatively included in the key to males but no male specimen was available for study, see also key to males of European Taeniochilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume in Speight (2018). Barcoding of recently obtained specimens links male specimens with the females (Ståhls, in prep.), which will enable the accurate inclusion of the males in identification keys based on diagnostic characteristics." 149164442,Cheilosia barbafacies,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,barbafacies,,,,,"Vujić and Radenković, 2013","Cheilosia barbafacies was described by Vujić et al. (2013). The species is a member of the nominal subgenus and the proxima group. Vujić et al. (2013) provided descriptions of both sexes of the species, figured the male terminalia and provided an identification key distinguishing C. barbafacies from closely related species." 149164452,Cheilosia balkana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,balkana,,,,,"Vujić, 1994","

Cheilosia balkana belongs to the proxima group of species of the nominal subgenus, and it  morphologically closely resembles the species Cheilosia pascuorum. For identification see the key for European species of the proxima group in Vujić et al. (2013), who figured the male terminalia.


" 149164462,Cheilosia aristata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,aristata,,,,,"Barkalov & Ståhls, 1997","This is one of several small, black Cheilosia species of the subgenus Taeniochilosia endemic to the Alps. The thickened antennal arista is readily observable and facilitates identification (also in the field), identification key is provided by Barkalov and Ståhls (1997)." 149164472,Cheilosia antiqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,antiqua,,,,,"(Meigen, 1822)","Cheilosia antiqua belongs to the subgenus Taeniochilosia. The species is morphologically similar to Cheilosia nigripes, and identification keys are provided by Barkalov and Ståhls (1997), and StN keys in Speight (2020)." 149164483,Cheilosia andalusiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,andalusiaca,,,,,"Torp Pedersen, 1971","The species belongs to the nominal subgenus Cheilosia s. str. Torp Pedersen (1971) described the male of this species, and Marcos-Garcia (1987) described the female. This species is apparently similar to C. rhynchops (C. Claussen pers. comm. 2020)." 149164504,Cheilosia alpestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,alpestris,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Identification keys include Barkalov and Ståhls (1997; including figures of the male terminalia) and the key to males of European Taeniochilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in the StN Keys volume (Speight 2018). In general appearance this species is similar to C. derasa Loew and the female to the female of C. pedemontana Rondani, separating characteristics provided in Barkalov and Ståhls (1997)." 149164551,Cheilosia alba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,alba,,,,,"Vujić & Claussen, 2000","Cheiloisa alba is a member of the nominative subgenus. The species is similar in general appearance to Cheilosia clama, C. flavipes (Panzer, 1798), C. nebulosa Verrall, 1871 and C. uviformis Becker, 1894. Vujić and Claussen (2000) provide details for their separation." 149164561,Platycheirus caesius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,caesius,,,,,"Nielsen & Stuke, in Nielsen, 2004", 149164626,Xanthogramma pilosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Xanthogramma,pilosum,,,,,"Nedeljković, Ricarte & Vujić, 2018", 149164636,Merodon unguicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,unguicornis,,,,,"Strobl in Czerny & Strobl, 1909",
 149164659,Xanthogramma aeginae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Xanthogramma,aeginae,,,,,"Ricarte, Nedeljković & Vujić, 2018", 149164660,Merodon trochantericus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,trochantericus,,,,,"Costa, 1884",
 149164723,Eupeodes tirolensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eupeodes,tirolensis,,,,,"(Dušek & Láska, 1973)", 149164758,Merodon teruelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,teruelensis,,,,,"(van der Goot, 1966)", 149164780,Chrysotoxum triarcuatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Chrysotoxum,triarcuatum,,,,,"Macquart in Webb & Berthelot, 1839", 149164820,Merodon sacki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,sacki,,,,,"(Paramonov, 1936)",




149164886,Merodon rubidiventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,rubidiventris,,,,,"Costa, 1884", 149164940,Sphegina clavata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,clavata,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1763)", 149164951,Merodon quercetorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,quercetorum,,,,,"Marcos-García, Vujić & Mengual, 2007",
 149165022,Sphegina limbipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,limbipennis,,,,,"Strobl, 1909", 149165032,Merodon peloponnesius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,peloponnesius,,,,,"Vujić, Radenković, Ačanski and Šašic, 2018",


149165054,Merodon parietum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,parietum,,,,,"Wiedemann in Meigen, 1822",
 149165065,Riponnensia morini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Riponnensia,morini,,,,,"Vujić, 1999", 149165099,Merodon nisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,nisi,,,,,"Veselić, Vujić & Radenković, 2017",
 149165101,Riponnensia daccordii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Riponnensia,daccordii,,,,,"(Claussen, 1991)", 149165173,Portevinia maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Portevinia,maculata,,,,,"(Fallén, 1817)", 149165203,Orthonevra montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Orthonevra,montana,,,,,"Vujić, 1999","
" 149165213,Merodon naxius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,naxius,,,,,"Vujić & Šašić, 2018", 149165245,Neoascia unifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Neoascia,unifasciata,,,,,"(Strobl, 1898)", 149165312,Criorhina pachymera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Criorhina,pachymera,,,,,"Egger, 1858", 149165322,Merodon megavidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,megavidus,,,,,"Vujić & Radenković, 2016",
 149165345,Merodon luteomaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,luteomaculatus,,,,,"Vujić, Ačanski and Šašic, 2018", 149165412,Merodon longispinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,longispinus,,,,,"Marcos-García, Vujić & Mengual, 2007",
 149165434,Merodon legionensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,legionensis,,,,,"Marcos-García, Vujić & Mengual, 2007",


149165436,Chrysogaster rondanii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Chrysogaster,rondanii,,,,,"Maibach & Goeldlin, 1995", 149165478,Brachyopa silviae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,silviae,,,,,"Doczkal & Dziock, 2004", 149165498,Brachyopa scutellaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,scutellaris,,,,,"Robineau-Desvoidy, 1844", 149165508,Eumerus dubius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,dubius,,,,,"Báez, 1982", 149165538,Brachyopa plena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,plena,,,,,"Collin, 1939", 149165606,Claussenia hispanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Claussenia,hispanica,,,,,"(Strobl, 1909)","Until recently (e.g. Peck 1988), Claussenia hispanica has been regarded as a synonym of Heringia heringi (Zetterstedt). It may be found in flight with H. heringi and the two species are virtually indistinguishable in the field, though males of C. hispanica are usually slightly larger than those of H. heringi (Speight 2018). A key distinguishing these two species is provided by Speight and Sarthou (2017). One of the features used to characterise C. hispanica is the presence of hairs at the ventral extremity of the median lobe of the lunule. These can be absent in the female (Speight 2018). Claussen et al. (1994) figured the male terminalia." 149165607,Brachyopa obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,obscura,,,,,"Thompson & Torp, 1982", 149165628,Brachyopa minima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,minima,,,,,"Vujić & Pérez-Bañón, 2016", 149165648,Brachyopa maculipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,maculipennis,,,,,"Thompson, 1980", 149165649,Cheilosia vujici,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,vujici,,,,,"Claussen & Doczkal, 1998",Cheilosia vujici belongs to the nominal subgenus. It is very similar in general appearance to the smallest specimens of C. psilophthalma and C. latigenis. Main diagnostic features are presented in Claussen and Doczkal (1998). 149165668,Brachyopa insensilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,insensilis,,,,,"Collin, 1939", 149165699,Cheilosia uviformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,uviformis,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia uviformis belongs to the nominate subgenus. It is not satisfactorily distinguished in existing keys. It is included in the keys provided by van Veen (2004), but specimens lacking scutellar marginal bristles could be misidentified as C. laticornis, and others with a heavily-dusted face could be identified as C. rufimana. It is redescribed and its diagnostic features are detailed by Speight and Claussen (1987), who also figure features of the male terminalia (Speight 2018)." 149165724,Merodon hoplitis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,hoplitis,,,,,"Hurkmans, 2012",


149165734,Brachyopa bimaculosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,bimaculosa,,,,,"Doczkal & Dziock, 2004", 149165881,Sphaerophoria potentillae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphaerophoria,potentillae,,,,,"Claussen, 1984", 149165998,Sphaerophoria infuscata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphaerophoria,infuscata,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1974", 149166018,Sphaerophoria fatarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphaerophoria,fatarum,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1989", 149166031,Sphaerophoria estebani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphaerophoria,estebani,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1991", 149166071,Sphaerophoria batava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphaerophoria,batava,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1974", 149166205,Pipizella zeneggenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,zeneggenensis,,,,,"(Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1974)", 149166249,Platycheirus tatricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,tatricus,,,,,"Dušek & Láska, 1982", 149166291,Pipizella siciliana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,siciliana,,,,,"Nielsen & Torp, 1973","The record of the species from Romania (Bradescu 1991) is considered to refer to Pipizella zloti (Vujić 1997), and according to van Eck (2011), Portuguese records refer to Pipizella thapsiana." 149166292,Platycheirus subambiguus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,subambiguus,,,,,"Nielsen, 2004", 149166311,Pipizella nigriana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,nigriana,,,,,"(Séguy, 1961)", 149166406,Pipizella elegantissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,elegantissima,,,,,"Lucas, 1976", 149166416,Platycheirus ramsarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,ramsarensis,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, Maibach & Speight, 1990", 149166426,Pipizella calabra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,calabra,,,,,"(Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1974)",
 149166448,Pipizella brevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,brevis,,,,,"Lucas, 1977","Pipizella certa and P. brevis are very similar morphologically, even male genitalia structure. P. certa proposed as a junior synonym of P. brevis by Kuznetzov (1987), but van Steenis and Lucas (2011) reinstated P. certa a valid species. P. brevis is a generally ”southern species“ (Spain, Austria..), whilst P. certa is a ”northern“ (Finland...) species." 149166468,Pipizella annulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,annulata,,,,,"(Macquart, 1829)","Records of this species from Anatolia (Turkey) require confirmation; they probably refer to Pipizella orientalis (van Steenis and Lucas 2011), and P. annulata is considered to be endemic to Europe here." 149166585,Paragus sexarcuatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Paragus,sexarcuatus,,,,,"Bigot, 1862", 149166595,Platycheirus muelleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,muelleri,,,,,"Marcuzzi, 1941", 149166647,Paragus medeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Paragus,medeae,,,,,"Stănescu, 1991",


149166676,Paragus majoranae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Paragus,majoranae,,,,,"Rondani, 1857", 149166777,Platycheirus fasciculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,fasciculatus,,,,,"(Loew, 1856)", 149166829,Paragus ascoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Paragus,ascoensis,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau & Lucas, 1981","

According to some authors (e.g. Burgio et al. 2015), P. ascoensis, P. haemorrhous and P. tibialis belong to a single polymorphic taxon with high intraspecific variability. If this approach is accepted, the senior name would be Paragus tibialis (Fallén, 1817).

" 149166839,Platycheirus cintoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,cintoensis,,,,,"van der Goot, 1961", 149166849,Paragus albipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Paragus,albipes,,,,,"Gimmerthal, 1842",Speight (2011) notes that the identity of this species is uncertain; its description (Gimmerthal 1842) is undiagnostic and its its maleterminalia have never been figured. 149166911,Platycheirus altomontis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,altomontis,,,,,"Merlin & Nielsen, in Nielsen, 2004", 149166942,Eumerus vandenberghei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,vandenberghei,,,,,"Doczkal, 1996", 149166965,Microdon major,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Microdon,major,,,,,"Andries, 1912", 149166983,Merodon gallicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,gallicus,,,,,"Vujíc & Radenković, 2012", 149167049,Eumerus rubrum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,rubrum,,,,,"Grković & Vujić, 2017", 149167110,Syrphus nitidifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Syrphus,nitidifrons,,,,,"Becker, 1921", 149167120,Eumerus narcissi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,narcissi,,,,,"Smith, 1928","This species was described from North America, however, Speight et al. (2013) confirmed the species to be European in origin." 149167130,Syrphus auberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Syrphus,auberti,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1996", 149167140,Eumerus minotaurus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,minotaurus,,,,,"Claussen & Lucas, 1988", 149167184,Cheilosia pilifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,pilifer,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Barkalov and Stahls (1997) figure the male terminalia. An additional key, for identification of the bare-eyed, black-legged Cheilosia species with partly red/orange antennae, is providedby Claussen and van der Weyer (2004). C. clausseni is easily mistaken for C. pilifer (Speight 2020)." 149167226,Cheilosia pedestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,pedestris,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia pedestris belongs to the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. It was described by Becker (1894), based on a solitary female. Claussen and van der Weyer (2004) described C. romigi from Italy. The synonymy of C. romigi with C. pedestris was established by Claussen and Speight (2007) (Speight 2018)." 149167246,Cheilosia nivalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,nivalis,,,,,"Becker, 1894",A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figure the male terminalia. Genitalia have complicated structures which can make identification more difficult than for other species of the subgenus. 149167267,Merodon flavicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,flavicornis,,,,,"Macquart, 1842",


149167289,Cheilosia morio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,morio,,,,,"(Zetterstedt, 1838)","Two different taxa are clearly encompassed by the names Cheilosia morio and C. scanica, but correct application of these names and consequently relative range limits remain to be established (Speight 2020). The identities of Cheilosia morio (Zetterstedt 1838) (Syrphidae, tribe Rhingiini) and of its synonyms are reviewed by Doczkal and Claußen (in prep.). This work referred Cheilosia scanica Ringdahl, 1937 to the synonymy of Cheilosia morio (Zetterstedt, 1838) and determined that the name C. morio had been widely misapplied to a distinct species, for which these authors resurrected the name Cheilosia luteicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838). This nomenclature was used in a few recent publications (Nilsson et al. 2012, van Steenis 2016).

Cheilosia morio belongs to the subgenus Neocheilosia. From the most similar species it can be distinguished by its smaller size, presence of black pile around facial knob and black pile on terga. In Bartsch et al. (2009) this species is mentioned as Cheilosia morio B." 149167311,Cheilosia melanopa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,melanopa,,,,,"(Zetterstedt, 1843)","Cheilosia melanopa belongs to nominal subgenus. Vujić (1996) figures the male terminalia and differentiates the Balkan subspecies C. m. redi, that is now recognised as a species in its own right, C. redi Vujic. C. melanopa is also included in the keys provided by van Veen (2004) and Haarto and Kerppola (2007)." 149167336,Melangyna ericarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melangyna,ericarum,,,,,"(Collin, 1946)", 149167337,Cheilosia loewi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,loewi,,,,,"Becker, 1894","A species of the subgenus Taeniocheilosia. For identification see the key to males of European Taeniocheilosia (as Nigrocheilosia) species in StN Keys volume; and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997) who figured the male terminalia. Not an easy species to identify, closely related to other species but the genitalia are distinct." 149167360,Cheilosia lenis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,lenis,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia lenis belongs to nominal subgenus. It can be difficult to separate C. lenis from its allies in central Europe. In western Europe, it is probably most easily confused with C. bergenstammi Becker. In C. lenis the eye hairs are long, vary from black to pale grey and extend to the ventral surface of the eyes. In C. bergenstammi they are shorter (especially in the female), pale brown and absent from the ventral quarter of the eye surface. The posterior margin of the scutellum can possess only fine hairs in this species, or fine hairs with some thin, black bristles, or hairs with some well-developed black bristles (Speight 2018)." 149167431,Cheilosia frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,frontalis,,,,,"Loew, 1857","Cheilosia frontalis belongs to the nominative subgenus. There is confusion in the literature between this species and C. hypena (Becker). Verlinden (1999) details distinctions between C. frontalis and C. hypena. The keys provided by van Veen (2004) help to distinguish females of C. frontalis and C. melanopa. This species is also included in the keys of van der Goot (1981), and keys to northern European Cheilosia species in Haarto and Kerppola (2007, provided in both Finnish and English)." 149167516,Eupeodes lucasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eupeodes,lucasi,,,,,"(Marcos-García & Láska, 1983)", 149167527,Cheilosia brachysoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,brachysoma,,,,,"Egger, 1860","Cheilosia brachysoma belongs to the nominate subgenus. The male of C. brachysoma is similar to C. vernalis in general appearance and the species has to be regarded as a member of the vernalis species group, whose component taxa still pose considerable taxonomic problems. Claussen and Vujic (1995) provide means of separating females of C. brachysoma from females of C.clama. The species is difficult to identify even for people with significant expertise." 149167572,Merodon euri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,euri,,,,,"Vujić & Radenković, 2018",


149167647,Merodon vladimiri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,vladimiri,,,,,"Vujić, 2018",
 149167669,Merodon escorialensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,escorialensis,,,,,"Strobl, 1909",


149167756,Merodon erymanthius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,erymanthius,,,,,"Vujić, Ačanski and Šašić, 2018",


149167798,Merodon dzhalitae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,dzhalitae,,,,,"Paramonov, 1927", 149167818,Merodon crypticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,crypticus,,,,,"Marcos-García, Vujić & Mengual, 2007",


149167838,Merodon constans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,constans,,,,,"(Rossi, 1794)", 149167955,Merodon andriotes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,andriotes,,,,,"Vujić, Radenković & Šašic, 2018", 149167976,Merodon antonioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,antonioi,,,,,"Marcos-García, Vujić & Mengual, 2007", 149168021,Merodon arundanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,arundanus,,,,,"Marcos-García, Vujić & Mengual, 2007", 149168113,Brachypalpus valgus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachypalpus,valgus,,,,,"(Panzer, 1798)",


149168179,Merodon atratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,atratus,,,,,"(Oldenberg, 1919)", 149168203,Merodon analis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,analis,,,,,"Meigen, 1822", 149168223,Merodon balkanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,balkanicus,,,,,"Šašić, Ačanski & Vujić, 2016",
 149168281,Merodon caerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,caerulescens,,,,,"Loew, 1869", 149168323,Merodon cinereus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,cinereus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1794)", 149168345,Merodon confusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,confusus,,,,,"Marcos-García, Vujić, Ricarte & Ståhls, 2011",


149168365,Merodon desuturinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,desuturinus,,,,,"Vujić, Šimić & Radenković, 1995","



" 149168387,Merodon dobrogensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,dobrogensis,,,,,"Bradescu, 1982",


149168452,Merodon flavus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,flavus,,,,,"Sack, 1913",
 149168486,Merodon geniculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,geniculatus,,,,,"Strobl, 1909",


149168488,Temnostoma sericomyiaeforme,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Temnostoma,sericomyiaeforme,,,,,"(Portschinsky, 1886)",


149168731,Sericomyia hispanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sericomyia,hispanica,,,,,"Peris, 1962",


149168804,Pelecocera pruinosomaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pelecocera,pruinosomaculata,,,,,"Strobl, 1906",



149168870,Trichopsomyia lucida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Trichopsomyia,lucida,,,,,"(Meigen, 1822)", 149168912,Trichopsomyia joratensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Trichopsomyia,joratensis,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1997", 149168922,Pipizella zloti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,zloti,,,,,"Vujić, 1997",


149168932,Sphegina elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,elegans,,,,,"Schummel, 1843", 149168942,Pipizella speighti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,speighti,,,,,"Verlinden, 1999", 149168962,Pipizella pennina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,pennina,,,,,"(Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1974)",


149168965,Sphegina cornifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,cornifera,,,,,"Becker, 1921", 149169004,Sphegina atrolutea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,atrolutea,,,,,"Lucas in Thompson & Torp, 1986", 149169003,Pipizella lyneborgi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,lyneborgi,,,,,"Torp Pedersen, 1971", 149169023,Sphegina varifacies,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,varifacies,,,,,"Kassebeer, 1991", 149169044,Sphegina sublatifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,sublatifrons,,,,,"Vujić, 1990", 149169075,Pipizella cantabrica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,cantabrica,,,,,"Claussen, 1991",


149169085,Sphegina platychira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,platychira,,,,,"Szilády, 1937", 149169119,Sphegina latifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphegina,latifrons,,,,,"Egger, 1865", 149169265,Orthonevra tristis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Orthonevra,tristis,,,,,"(Loew, 1871)","" 149169268,Eumerus azabense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,azabense,,,,,"Ricarte & Marcos-Garcia, 2018", 149169296,Eumerus uncipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,uncipes,,,,,"Rondani, 1850", 149169360,Eumerus torsicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,torsicus,,,,,"Grković & Vujić, 2015", 149169468,Eumerus sicilianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,sicilianus,,,,,"van der Goot, 1964",The species belongs to the Eumerus obliquus group. 149169489,Eumerus santosabreui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,santosabreui,,,,,"Báez, 1982", 149169562,Melanogaster curvistylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melanogaster,curvistylus,,,,,"Vujić & Stuke, 1998","" 149169580,Eumerus purpurariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,purpurariae,,,,,"Baez, 1982", 149169625,Eumerus phaeacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,phaeacus,,,,,"Loew, 1848", 149169627,Criorhina ranunculi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Criorhina,ranunculi,,,,,"(Panzer, 1804)", 149169648,Eumerus pannonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,pannonicus,,,,,"Ricarte, Vujić & Nedeljković, 2016", 149169687,Pelecocera lusitanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pelecocera,lusitanica,,,,,"(Mik, 1898)",


149169708,Pelecocera caledonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pelecocera,caledonica,,,,,"(Collin, 1940)",



149169719,Eumerus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,olivaceus,,,,,"Loew, 1848","The species belongs to Eumerus olivaceus group. E. alpinus Rondani, 1857 is resurrected from synonymy of E. olivaceus Loew, 1848 and considered as bona species in Grković et al. (2015), until than the name of E. olivaceus was used for both species." 149169783,Eumerus nivariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,nivariae,,,,,"Báez, 1982", 149169828,Eumerus longicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,longicornis,,,,,"Loew, 1855", 149169849,Eumerus latitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,latitarsis,,,,,"Macquart in Webb & Berthelot, 1839", 149169986,Callicera macquarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Callicera,macquarti,,,,,"Rondani, 1844","

The identity of Callicera rohdendorfi Zimina, 1982 with respect to C. macquarti requires confirmation. Zimina (1986) described details of Callicera rohdendorfi which led to the assumption that it should be C. macquarti. Callicera rohdendorfi was considered to be ""almost certainly the same"" as C. macquarti by Speight (1991), however this requires confirmation based on review of the Zimina holotype and/or paratype specimens of Callicera rohdendorfi. If C. rohdendorfi is a synonym of C. macquarti, then the range of C. macquarti extends to Crimea and the Caucasus, probably to Azerbaijan.

Callicera macquarti is probably synonymous with C. fagesii according to recent results from DNA analysis, but Callicera macquarti is maintained as a valid species until its identity is formally revised.

" 149170034,Merodon toscanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,toscanus,,,,,"Hurkmans, 1993",


149170036,Brachypalpus laphriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachypalpus,laphriformis,,,,,"(Fallén, 1816)",


149170056,Merodon virgatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,virgatus,,,,,"Vujić & Radenković, 2016", 149170077,Cheilosia ahenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,ahenea,,,,,"von Roser, 1840","Cheilosia ahenea belongs to the subgenus Taeniochilosia. The species is included in identification keys in the StN Keys volume (Speight 2018), Speight and Claussen (1987) and Barkalov and Ståhls (1997), the latter figure the male terminalia." 149170101,Cheilosia fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,fasciata,,,,,"Schiner & Egger, 1853","Cheilosia fasciata belongs to the subgenus Pollinocheila. Both sexes of this species have the central area of the mesoscutal disc entirely undusted and brightly shining black, separating C. fasciata from both C. rhodiolae and C. semifasciata, in which the mesoscutum is uniformly dusted over its entire surface. A key for the separation of these three species is provided in Speight et al. (2017)." 149170224,Eumerus montanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,montanum,,,,,"Grković, Radenković & Vujić, 2017","A recent record (Mutin and Barkalov 2018) of this species from Omsk (Siberia) refer to another species, with genetic confirmation (A. Grković pers. comm. 2021)." 149170245,Eumerus niehuisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,niehuisi,,,,,"Doczkal, 1996", 149170288,Eumerus pauper,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,pauper,,,,,"Becker, 1921", 149170309,Eumerus purpureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,purpureus,,,,,"Macquart, in Webb & Berthelot, 1839", 149170386,Paragus punctulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Paragus,punctulatus,,,,,"Zetterstedt, 1838",


149170408,Pipizella bispina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipizella,bispina,,,,,"Šimić, 1987", 149170436,Eumerus karyates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,karyates,,,,,"Chroni, Grković and Vujić, 2018", 149170459,Eumerus hispidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,hispidus,,,,,"Smit, Franquinho-Aguiar & Wakeham-Dawson, 2004", 149170481,Eumerus hispanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,hispanicus,,,,,"van der Goot, 1966", 149170510,Cheilosia thessala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,thessala,,,,,"Claussen & Ståhls, 2007",

Cheilosia thessala belongs to the longula species group closely resembling the species Cheilosia scutellata. Claussen and Ståhls (2007) provided the key to separate this species from others in the C. scutellata group and also figured the male terminalia (Speight 2018).

149170573,Cheilosia semifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,semifasciata,,,,,"Becker, 1894","Cheilosia semifasciata is a small species with hairy eyes and dark legs with at least the apical ends of all femora and/or the base of all tibiae yellow in both sexes. High altitude specimens may have entirely black legs (Schmid 2000). It is the most similar with C. rhodiolae Schmid, 2000. To separate these two species from one another it is necessary to refer Schmid (2000). The surstyli of the male terminalia are figured out by Stubbs and Falk (2002)." 149170654,Pipiza notata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pipiza,notata,,,,,"Meigen, 1822","

Vujić et al. (2013) successfully used an integrative taxonomy approach for delimitation of Pipiza notata from related species. P. notata can be separated from related species using subtle characters in male genitalia, molecular data and geometric morphometric evidence: wing size and shape (Vujić et al. 2013). 

" 149171108,Palumbia bellierii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Palumbia,bellierii,,,,,"(Bigot, 1860)","

The species is morphologically similar to Palumbia eristaloides (Portschinsky, 1887), and further research is needed to determine whether they may be the same taxon.

" 149171119,Pelecocera nigricornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Pelecocera,nigricornis,,,,,"(Santos Abreu, 1924)",


149171142,Ischyroptera bipilosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Ischyroptera,bipilosa,,,,,"Pokorny, 1887", 149171163,Melanogaster parumplicata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melanogaster,parumplicata,,,,,"(Loew, 1840)","


" 149171185,Neoascia balearensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Neoascia,balearensis,,,,,"Kassebeer, 2002",
 149171237,Orthonevra auritarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Orthonevra,auritarsis,,,,,"Bradescu, 1992","
" 149171258,Orthonevra plumbago,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Orthonevra,plumbago,,,,,"(Loew, 1840)","



" 149171269,Orthonevra shusteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Orthonevra,shusteri,,,,,"Bradescu, 1993","" 149171300,Brachyopa vernalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,vernalis,,,,,"J. van Steenis and W. van Steenis, 2014", 149171321,Brachyopa grunewaldensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Brachyopa,grunewaldensis,,,,,"Kassebeer, 2000", 149171382,Platycheirus laskai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,laskai,,,,,"Nielsen, 1999", 149171441,Melanostoma mellarium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melanostoma,mellarium,,,,,"(Meigen, 1822)","This species is similar to Melanostoma scalare. It is separable from it using the characters provided by Haarto and Ståhls (2014), but prior to this work the two species are likely to have been confused." 149171452,Melanostoma incompletum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melanostoma,incompletum,,,,,"Becker, 1908", 149171462,Melanostoma certum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melanostoma,certum,,,,,"Haarto & Ståhls, 2014",This species has been recently described (Haarto and Ståhls 2014) and many labelled specimens of Melanostoma in collections all over Europe should be revised to understand the actual distribution of this species. 149171568,Eupeodes vandergooti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eupeodes,vandergooti,,,,,"(Dušek & Láska, 1973)","This species has been reported from outside Corsica (the French mainland, Sardinia and from Italy) by other authors (Burgio et al. 2015, Speight et al. 2018), but Eupeodes vandergooti is difficult to distinguish from related species, such as E. lucasi, and has not reliably been confirmed from outside Corsica. The species is considered here to be endemic to Corsica pending further work." 149171603,Sericomyia bombiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sericomyia,bombiformis,,,,,"(Fallén, 1810)",


149171636,Sericomyia superbiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sericomyia,superbiens,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",


149171699,Temnostoma carens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Temnostoma,carens,,,,,"Gaunitz, 1936",


149171833,Chrysotoxum fasciolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Chrysotoxum,fasciolatum,,,,,"(De Geer, 1776)", 149171875,Chrysotoxum tomentosum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Chrysotoxum,tomentosum,,,,,"Giglio-Tos, 1890",This species was recently discovered amongst specimens labelled as C. festivum from the Balkan Peninsula. Black-haired specimens of C. festivum from high altitudes were found to be this new taxon (C. tomentosum) and they can now be separated from the typical C. festivum based on the characters described by Nedeljković et al. (2013). These recent updates in the taxonomy of C. festivum warrant the revision of the C. festivum from other parts of Europe to obtain a clearer understanding of the range of C. festivum and C. tomentosum in the continent. 149171916,Dasysyrphus lenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Dasysyrphus,lenensis,,,,,"Bagatshanova, 1980","The species Dasysyrphus lenensis Bagatshanova, 1980 was described based on specimens from eastern Siberia (Yakutia). Doczkal (1996) introduced this name for Dasysyrphus species collected in Central European woodlands that was previously confused with other similar species e.g. D. pinastri and D. pauxillus. Barkalov (2007) proposed synonymizing the name D. lenensis within Dasysyrphus nigricornis (Verrall, 1873). This synonymy was proposed only on the characters based on similarity of pictures from papers of Bičík and Láska (1995) and Doczkal (1996), without study of D. nigricornis type specimens and Central European D. lenensis specimens. Distribution ranges as well as habitats of D. nigricornis and D. lenensis seems to be strongly different in Europe (D. Doczkal pers. comm.; Bartsch et al. 2009). Nevertheless the habitat on the type locality of Dasysyrphus lenensis seems to be more similar to habitat of D. nigricornis in northern Europe.

Locke and Skevington (2013) used the name D. lenensis for Central European specimens of Dasysyrphus that are clearly genetically separated from specimens from the northern Nearctic region referred as D. nigricornis, unfortunately specimens from northern Europe were absent within the analysed specimens of D. nigricornis. As such this assessment treats the two species as distinct pending more detailed taxonomic work." 149172040,Epistrophella coronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Epistrophella,coronata,,,,,"(Rondani, 1857)",There is uncertainty as to which genus Epistrophella coronata should be referred to because the only other species of this genus - E. euchroma - is consigned by some authors to the genus Meligramma (Speight 2020). 149172062,Eupeodes biciki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eupeodes,biciki,,,,,"Nielsen, 2003", 149172073,Eupeodes borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eupeodes,borealis,,,,,"(Dušek & Láska, 1973)","This species is very close to, and may be a synonym of, Eupeodes curtus, being distinguished only by pale hairs on scutellum and different abdominal pattern." 149172084,Eupeodes duseki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eupeodes,duseki,,,,,"Mazánek, Láska & Bičík, 1999",The species has been recognized relatively recently. This species was confused with several similar Eupeodes species previously (Mazánek et al. 1999). Male terminalia are almost identical with E. goeldlini. 149172104,Eupeodes lambecki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eupeodes,lambecki,,,,,"(Dušek & Láska, 1973)","This species is similar to Eupeodes luniger. To date it is known only from the male holotype, an extremely dark specimen. Its validity is uncertain and its identity requires confirmation." 149172186,Melangyna cingulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melangyna,cingulata,,,,,"(Egger, 1860)","This species can be found in literature under the genera Melanostoma and Meligramma. It resembles Melanostoma species but it can be separate from them by the abdominal markings, which widen progressively towards the lateral margins of the tergites, meeting the lateral margins at full width. In addition, the second tergite bears a pair of narrow, transverse, whitish yellow bars, which come to a point towards the mid-line, while tergites three and four each exhibit either a pair of bars or a narrow, transverse band, of the same colour as the markings on tergite two (Speight 2020)." 149172222,Melanostoma wollastoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melanostoma,wollastoni,,,,,"Wakeham-Dawson, Franquinho-Aguiar, Smit, McCullough & Wyatt, 2004", 149172352,Syrphus admirandus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Syrphus,admirandus,,,,,"Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1996", 149172386,Syrphus stackelbergi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Syrphus,stackelbergi,,,,,"Kuznetzov, 1990","This species is known only from the type series described from San Petesburg by Kuznetzov (1990). Goeldlin de Tiefenau (1996) in his revision of European species of the genus Syrphus included this species in the identification key.

Further faunistic and taxonomic research is needed to determine whether this is a valid species or not. If valid, this species can be separated from other Syrphus by the following characters: Second basal cell of wing bare on the anterior quarter or more; setae on the basitarsis all yellow; face mainly black; yellow bands on tergites divided." 149172407,Xanthandrus babyssa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Xanthandrus,babyssa,,,,,"(Walker, 1849)","Smit et al. (2004) supports the validity of X. babyssa and placed X. parahyalinatus as a synonym of X. babyssa, following Wakeham-Dawson et al. (2004).

However, there are some doubts about the validity of X. babyssa (Speight 2020), which appears in recent literature as Xanthandrus parahyalinatus. The fact that X. babyssa is found only on Madeira island - from which other endemic hoverflies are known - provides sufficient justification to consider it valid until new studies integrating morphology and molecular biology are undertaken." 149172462,Microdon myrmicae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Microdon,myrmicae,,,,,"Schönrogge, Barr, Wardlaw, Napper, Gardner, Breen, Elmes & Thomas, 2002", 149172587,Platycheirus islandicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platycheirus,islandicus,,,,,"Ringdahl, 1930", 149172700,Chrysogaster virescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Chrysogaster,virescens,,,,,"Loew, 1854", 149172712,Criorhina asilica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Criorhina,asilica,,,,,"(Fallén, 1816)", 145401992,Rana dabieshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,dabieshanensis,,,,,"Wang, Qian, Zhang, Guo, Pan, Wu, Wang & Zhang, 2017","This species is a split from the broader concept of Rana omeimontis, and has been placed as the sister taxon to R. hanluica (Wang et al. 2017)." 8966,Gavialis gangeticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,GAVIALIDAE,Gavialis,gangeticus,,,,,"(Gmelin in Linnaeus, 1789)", 49829641,Hyphessobrycon panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,panamensis,,,,,"Durbin, 1908","

A revision of the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species group was made by Ota (2018) under the format of a PhD thesis; the results will be published soon (Ota et al. in press.).


In her dissertation and the unpublished paper, Ota et al. redescribes H. panamensis restricting it to rivers of (western and central) Panama (i.e., Agua Clara, Bejuco, Boqueron, Calovébora and Llano Sucio), describes the Costa Rican (and western Panamanian) population (Sixaola and San San River basins) as new, and extends the distribution of H. columbianus, previously only known from its type-locality (Acandí River basin, Colombia), to the province of San Blas, Southeast Panama.

" 49830280,Hoplosternum punctatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Hoplosternum,punctatum,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1916", 49830289,Creagrutus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,affinis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1880","

Further review of Creagrutus affinis on the range-wide scale is needed to determine if this species represents a complex (Albornoz-Garzon et al. 2018). Identification of cryptic diversity would probably result in a non-genuine decrease in Extent of Occurrence and Area of Occupancy, warranting reassessment.

" 49830518,Ctenolucius beani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CTENOLUCIIDAE,Ctenolucius,beani,,,,,"(Fowler, 1907)", 149248636,Characidium marshi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,marshi,,,,,"Breder, 1925", 149248738,Compsura gorgonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Compsura,gorgonae,,,,,"(Evermann & Goldsborough, 1909)", 149248842,Eretmobrycon bayano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,bayano,,,,,"Fink, 1976", 149249053,Gephyrocharax atracaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,atracaudatus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1912)", 149249086,Gephyrocharax intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,intermedius,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1916","Gephyrocharax whaleri is currently synonymized with G. intermedius, and may represent a distinct species level that warrants description. Changes to the current species concept would be likely to reduce the range of this species, warranting reassessment." 149249126,Hemibrycon dariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,dariensis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1916", 149249150,Odontostilbe mitoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,mitoptera,,,,,"(Fink & Weitzman, 1974)", 149249824,Oxyzygonectes dovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Oxyzygonectes,dovii,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 149251994,Apteronotus rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,rostratus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 149252220,Trachelyopterus amblops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterus,amblops,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 149286395,Nothophryne inagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Nothophryne,inagoensis,,,,,"Conradie, Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Loader, Menegon & Tolley, 2018",No notable taxonomical issues. 149286315,Nothophryne ribauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Nothophryne,ribauensis,,,,,"Conradie, Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Loader, Menegon & Tolley, 2018",First recorded from Mount Ribáuè by Blake (1965) and Poynton (1996). This is a split from the broader concept of Nothophryne broadleyi (Conradie et al. 2018). No notable taxonomical issues. 141482209,Eviota algida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,algida,,,,,"Greenfield & Erdmann, 2014", 141482238,Eviota aquila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,aquila,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2014", 141482274,Eviota asymbasia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,asymbasia,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2016", 141482311,Eviota bilunula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,bilunula,,,,,"Greenfield & Suzuki, 2016", 141482327,Eviota bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,bimaculata,,,,,"Lachner & Karnella, 1980", 141482452,Eviota brahmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,brahmi,,,,,"Greenfield & Tornabene, 2014", 141482455,Eviota epistigmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,epistigmata,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2014", 149307802,Monilesaurus acanthocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Monilesaurus,acanthocephalus,,,,,"Pal, Vijayakumar, Shanker, Jayarajan & Deepak, 2018", 149308131,Monilesaurus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Monilesaurus,montanus,,,,,"Pal, Vijayakumar, Shanker, Jayarajan & Deepak, 2018", 149312411,Sitana gokakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,gokakensis,,,,,"Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya & Karanth, 2018", 149313273,Sitana thondalu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,thondalu,,,,,"Deepak, Khandekar, Chaitanya & Karanth, 2018", 149313287,Sitana kalesari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Sitana,kalesari,,,,,"Bahuguna, 2015","It’s not clear if this species was properly published, as the paper lacks a Zoobank registration number and is poorly-presented (Uetz et al. 2019). V. Deepak (pers. comm. to P. Uetz 2018) suggests that it is likely to be a junior synonym of Sitana sivalensis." 149313307,Blythia hmuifang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Blythia,hmuifang,,,,,"Vogel, Lalremsanga & Vanlalhrima, 2017", 149313378,Rhabdops aquaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdops,aquaticus,,,,,"Giri, Deepak, Captain & Gower, 2017", 149321599,Rhabdops olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Rhabdops,olivaceus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1863)",Giri et al. (2017) described Rhabdops aquaticus to encompass northern populations of R. olivaceus found to be distinct on both genetic and morphological grounds 149322205,Cnemaspis agarwali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,agarwali,,,,,"Khandekar, 2019", 149322635,Cnemaspis ajijae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,ajijae,,,,,"Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, 2018", 149322834,Cnemaspis amboliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,amboliensis,,,,,"Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, 2018", 149322922,Cnemaspis limayei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,limayei,,,,,"Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, 2018", 149323006,Cnemaspis mahabali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,mahabali,,,,,"Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, 2018", 149323119,Cnemaspis anamudiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,anamudiensis,,,,,"Cyriac, Johny, Umesh & Palot, 2018", 149323332,Cnemaspis maculicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,maculicollis,,,,,"Cyriac, Johny, Umesh & Palot, 2018", 149323391,Cnemaspis ingerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,ingerorum,,,,,"Batuwita, Agarwal & Bauer, 2019",This species was previously confused with Cnemaspis kumarasinghei. It was found to be genetically distinct by Agarwal et al. (2017) and formally described by Batuwita et al. (2019). 149323623,Cnemaspis nilgala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,nilgala,,,,,"Karunarathna, Bauer, de Silva, Surasinghe, Somaratna, Madawala, Gabadage, Botejue, Henkanaththegedara & Ukuwela, 2019", 149328967,Cyrtodactylus bhupathyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,bhupathyi,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018", 149332938,Cyrtodactylus tripuraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tripuraensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018","Similar populations in Bangladesh, about 100 km from the northernmost record of C. tripuraensis in the same area of continuous natural habitat, may represent this species but genetic research is required to confirm this assignment (Agarwal et al. 2018). Al-Razi et al. (2018) reported records from Kamalganj Upazila, Lawachara National Park in Bangladesh under the name C. tripuraensis and these are presently accepted here, but this identification was based on morphological characters and requires validation with molecular data (V. Giri pers. comm. 2019)." 149333480,Cyrtodactylus chamba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,chamba,,,,,"Agarwal, Khandekar & Bauer, 2018", 149333886,Cyrtodactylus himalayicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,himalayicus,,,,,"(Annandale, 1906)","Smith (1935) examined available specimens of Cyrtodactylus “khasiensis” and Gymnodactylus himalayicus, concluding that the latter fell within the morphological range of his redefined C. khasiensis. As a result, Smith (1935) referred G. himalayicus to the synonymy of C. khasiensis. Agarwal et al. (2018) subsequently re-examined these specimens and concluded that G. himalayicus warrants recognition as a distinct species (as Cyrtodactylus himalayicus), with the caveat that the two known specimens are poorly-preserved and not all relevant taxonomic characters could be identified." 149336417,Cyrtodactylus guwahatiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,guwahatiensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018", 149336678,Cyrtodactylus jaintaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,jaintaensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018", 149336748,Cyrtodactylus kazirangaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,kazirangaensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018", 149336821,Cyrtodactylus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,montanus,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018", 149336847,Cyrtodactylus nagalandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,nagalandensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018", 149336886,Cyrtodactylus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Agarwal, Mahony, Giri, Chaitanya & Bauer, 2018", 149347694,Cyrtodactylus rosichonarieforum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,rosichonarieforum,,,,,"Riyanto, Grismer & Wood Jr, 2015", 164743,Rhinogekko misonnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhinogekko,misonnei,,,,,"De Witte, 1973", 170407,Japalura variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Japalura,variegata,,,,,"Gray, 1853", 170410,Japalura dasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Japalura,dasi,,,,,"(Schleich & Kästle, 2002)", 176826,Liopeltis rappi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Liopeltis,rappi,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 178590,Cyrtopodion kohsulaimanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtopodion,kohsulaimanai,,,,,"(Khan, 1991)", 192034,Xenochrophis trianguligerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Xenochrophis,trianguligerus,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Natrix." 192082,Gonyosoma prasinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gonyosoma,prasinum,,,,,"(Blyth, 1854)","This species was formerly included within the genus Rhadinophis (and by Wallach et al. 2014 in Rhynchophis), until Chen et al. (2014) determined that it should be reassigned to Gonyosoma.

Liu et al. (2021) recorded differences in scale counts from specimens close to the type locality in Myanmar and China, raising uncertainty about the identity of true Gonyosoma prasinum. This is further complicated by the lack of genetic data from the species' type locality and the original description lacks detail (Liu et al. 2021). These authors were able to confirm the occurrence of the lineage they call G. prasinum in Myanmar, but further research is likely to be needed to clarify to which lineage the name G. prasinum properly applies and to understand range limits between the two taxa.

Luu et al. (2020) reported that specimens from Ba Vi National Park in Vietnam differ in the number of scale rows from typical G. prasinum (and from G. coeruleum as defined by Liu et al. 2021)." 149352063,Hemidactylus kangerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,kangerensis,,,,,"Mirza, Bhosale & Patil, 2017","The apparently isolated record of this species from Khammam, Telengana needs taxonomic validation (C. Srinivasulu and P. Mohapatra pers. comm. 2019)." 149352598,Hemidactylus paaragowli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,paaragowli,,,,,"Srikanthan, Swamy, Mohan & Pal, 2018", 149352703,Hemidactylus sahgali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,sahgali,,,,,"Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel, 2018", 149352778,Hemidactylus siva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,siva,,,,,"Srinivasulu, Srinivasulu & Kumar, 2018", 149352834,Hemidactylus sushilduttai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,sushilduttai,,,,,"Giri, Bauer, Mohapatra, Srinvasulu & Agarwal, 2017", 149353315,Hemidactylus vanam,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,vanam,,,,,"Chaitanya, Lajmi & Giri, 2018", 149353378,Hemidactylus vijayraghavani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,vijayraghavani,,,,,"Mirza, 2018", 149353398,Hemidactylus whitakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,whitakeri,,,,,"Mirza, Gowande, Patil, Ambekar & Patel, 2018", 149403320,Hemiphyllodactylus arakuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,arakuensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Khandekar, Giri, Ramakrishnan & Karanth, 2019", 149403494,Hemiphyllodactylus jnana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,jnana,,,,,"Agarwal, Khandekar, Giri, Ramakrishnan & Karanth, 2019",This species was described from within Hemiphyllodactylus aurantiacus. 149403525,Hemiphyllodactylus kolliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,kolliensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Khandekar, Giri, Ramakrishnan & Karanth, 2019", 149403786,Ophisops kutchensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,kutchensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Khandekar, Ramakrishnan, Vyas & Giri, 2018", 149404362,Ophisops pushkarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,pushkarensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Khandekar, Ramakrishnan, Vyas & Giri, 2018", 149406888,Hebius lacrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,lacrima,,,,,"Purkayashta & David, 2019", 149407276,Nessia gansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Nessia,gansi,,,,,"Batuwita & Ederisinghe, 2017", 149407736,Uropeltis bhupathyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,UROPELTIDAE,Uropeltis,bhupathyi,,,,,"Jins, Sampaio & Gower, 2018", 145400418,Rana luanchuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,luanchuanensis,,,,,"Zhao & Yuan, 2017",The sister taxon of Rana amurensis and Rana coreana (Zhao et al. 2017). 145432675,Scutiger tengchongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,tengchongensis,,,,,"Yang & Huang, 2019",Recognized as sister taxon to S. spinosus. 145408862,Scutiger wanglangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Scutiger,wanglangensis,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 2007", 22683487,Todiramphus godeffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,godeffroyi,,,,,"(Finsch, 1877)", 57678,Aphantophryne minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Aphantophryne,minuta,,,,,"Zweifel & Parker, 1989", 57679,Aphantophryne pansa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Aphantophryne,pansa,,,,,"Fry, 1917",Genetic analysis has highlighted four lineages existing under this species name (Rivera et al. 2017); however further taxonomic and molecular studies are required to confirm this (Melanesia Red List Assessment Workshop July 2019). 22714802,Acrocephalus aequinoctialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,aequinoctialis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 141482554,Eviota erdmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,erdmanni,,,,,"Tornabene & Greenfield, 2016", 141482634,Eviota eyreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,eyreae,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 2016", 57927,Oreophryne parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,parkeri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1955","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Frost et al. (2006) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012).

Proper characterization of this species will depend on obtaining new specimens, and recording of its vocalizations from the type locality (Zweifel pers. comm.)." 141482650,Eviota filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,filamentosa,,,,,"Sukuzi & Greenfield, 2014", 57680,Aphantophryne sabini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Aphantophryne,sabini,,,,,"Zweifel & Parker, 1989", 141482736,Eviota flavipinnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,flavipinnata,,,,,"Suzuki, Greenfield & Motomura, 2015", 141482833,Eviota flebilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,flebilis,,,,,"Greenfield, Suzuki & Shibukawa, 2014", 141482867,Eviota imitata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,imitata,,,,,"Greenfield, Tornabene & Erdmann, 2017", 141482900,Eviota inutilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,inutilis,,,,,"Whitley, 1943", 57730,Callulops boettgeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,boettgeri,,,,,"(Méhelÿ, 1901)","There is some doubt whether this species belongs in this genus, and further taxonomic work needs to be carried out to resolve this (Günther 2009)." 141482930,Eviota japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,japonica,,,,,"Jewett & Lachner, 1983", 57733,Callulops dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,dubius,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 141483105,Eviota kermadecensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,kermadecensis,,,,,"Hoese & Stewart, 2012", 57735,Callulops fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,fuscus,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 141483137,Eviota korechika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,korechika,,,,,"Shibukawa & Suzuki, 2005", 141483196,Eviota lateritea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,lateritea,,,,,"Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2016", 55713,Litoria capitula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,capitula,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)", 55757,Litoria vagabunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,vagabunda,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 57913,Oreophryne frontifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,frontifasciata,,,,,"(Horst, 1883)", 57924,Oreophryne moluccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,moluccensis,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 58474,Cornufer papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,papuensis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)", 58447,Cornufer acrochordus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,acrochordus,,,,,"Brown, 1965", 58448,Cornufer aculeodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,aculeodactylus,,,,,"(Brown, 1952)", 149661131,Hynobius abuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,abuensis,,,,,"Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa & Tominaga, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius nebulosus prior to its description by Matsui et al. (2019). 149661351,Hynobius akiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,akiensis,,,,,"Matsui, Okawa & Nishikawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius nebulosus prior to its description by Matsui et al. (2019). 149661844,Hynobius fossigenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,fossigenus,,,,,"Okamiya, Sugawara, Nagano & Poyarkov, 2018", 58255,Cornufer bufoniformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,bufoniformis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)", 149667541,Hynobius iwami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,iwami,,,,,"Matsui, Okawa, Nishikawa & Tominaga, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius nebulosus prior to its description by Matsui et al. (2019). 149667689,Hynobius oyamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,oyamai,,,,,"Tominaga, Matsui & Nishikawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius naevis prior to its description by Tominaga et al. 2019. 149667764,Hynobius sematonotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,sematonotos,,,,,"Tominaga, Matsui & Nishikawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius naevis prior to its description by Tominaga et al. 2019. 149667851,Hynobius setoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,setoi,,,,,"Matsui, Tanabe & Misawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius nebulosus prior to its description by Matsui et al. (2019). 149667937,Hynobius setouchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,setouchi,,,,,"Matsui, Okawa, Tanabe & Misawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius nebulosus prior to its description by Matsui et al. (2019). 149668148,Hynobius tosashimizuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,tosashimizuensis,,,,,"Sugawara, Watabe, Yoshikawa & Nagano, 2018","This species was previously confused as a subpopulation of Hynobius dunni, but was recently elevated to species status by Sugawara et al. (2018). Hynobius dunni is now considered to be endemic to Kyushu and H. tosashimizuensis as endemic to Shikoku." 149668212,Hynobius utsunomiyaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,utsunomiyaorum,,,,,"Matsui & Okawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius nebulosus prior to its description by Matsui et al. (2019). 149668241,Hynobius vandenburghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,vandenburghi,,,,,"Dunn, 1923",This species was removed from the synonymy of Hynobius nebulosus by Matsui et al. (2019). 149669099,Hynobius naevius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,naevius,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)","Tominaga and Matsui (2007) elevated the subspecies Hynobius naevius yatsui to full species status. Matsui et al. (2017) showed that the holotype of H. stejnegeri, long applied to another species (now H. ikioi), was the senior synonym for H. yatsui.

Tominaga et al. (2019) revised the Hynobius naevius group and described the subpopulation on Honshu as the new species Hynobius sematonotos, and the subpopulation in north-eastern Kyushu as the new species Hynobius oyamai. Thus, Hynobius naevius is now confined to the population in north-western Kyushu." 149671176,Hynobius nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,nebulosus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)","The concept of this species has been significantly reduced by Matsui et al. (2019) with the description of the new species H. abuensis, H. akiensis, H. bakan, H. iwami, H. setoi, H. setouchi, H. utsunomiyaorum and H. vandenburghi - the latter was raised from synonymy." 149673503,Hynobius dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,dunni,,,,,"Tago, 1931","

The subpopulation from Shikoku previously attributed to this species has now been described as a new species, Hynobius tosashimizuensis by Sugawara et al. (2018). Hynobius dunni is now considered to be endemic to Kyushu and H. tosashimizuensis endemic to Shikoku.

" 149679965,Charadrahyla sakbah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,sakbah,,,,,"Jiménez-Arcos, Calzada-Arciniega, Alfaro-Juantorena, Vázquez-Reyes, Blair & Parra-Olea, 2019", 149680223,Leptobrachella shangsiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,shangsiensis,,,,,"Chen, Liao, Zhou & Mo, 2019", 149684973,Leptobrachella macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,macrops,,,,,"Duong, Do, Ngo, Nguyen & Poyarkov, 2018", 149685117,Leptobrachella puhoatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,puhoatensis,,,,,"(Rowley, Dau & Cao, 2017)", 149685315,Leptobrachella rowleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,rowleyae,,,,,"(Nguyen, Poyarkov, Le, Vo, Ninh, Duong, Murphy & Sang, 2018)", 149685795,Liurana vallecula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Liurana,vallecula,,,,,"Jiang, Wang, Wang, Li & Che, 2019", 149692574,Nymphargus manduriacu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,manduriacu,,,,,"Guayasamin, Cisneros-Heredia, Vieira, Kohn, Gavilanes, Lynch, Hamilton & Maynard, 2019", 149692891,Lynchius megacephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Lynchius,megacephalus,,,,,"Sánchez-Nivicela, Urgilés, Navarrete, Yánez-Muñoz & Ron, 2019", 145404677,Gracixalus guangdongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,guangdongensis,,,,,"Wang, Zeng, Liu & Wang, 2018", 149237287,Gracixalus tianlinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,tianlinensis,,,,,"Chen, Bei, Liao, Zhou & Mo, 2018", 56289,Hyperolius thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,thomensis,,,,,"Bocage, 1886",This species has previously been assigned to the genus Nesionixalus. 61366030,Rhampholeon bruessoworum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,bruessoworum,,,,,"Branch, Bayliss & Tolley, 2014",No notable taxonomic issues. 42760243,Rhampholeon gorongosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,gorongosae,,,,,"Broadley, 1971",No notable taxonomic issues. 61364057,Rhampholeon maspictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,maspictus,,,,,"Branch, Bayliss & Tolley, 2014",Accepted as Rhampholeon maspictus (Branch et al. 2014). No notable taxonomic issues. 61365784,Rhampholeon nebulauctor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,nebulauctor,,,,,"Branch, Bayliss & Tolley, 2014",Accepted as Rhampholeon nebulauctor (Branch et al. 2014). No notable taxonomic issues. 61365811,Rhampholeon tilburyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,tilburyi,,,,,"Branch, Bayliss & Tolley, 2014","Rhampholeon tilburyi is found in the lower elevation forests on Mt Namuli. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that R. tilburyi is a separate taxon to an undescribed species (R. sp. nov. 'namuli2') that is found in the high elevation forests (K.A. Tolley unpub. data 2019). The holotype of R. tilburyi was collected from Ukalini Forest on Mt Namuli, but it was not included in the phyologenetic analysis that lead to the species description (Branch et al. 2014). The only material included was from the Cha Madal tea estate and these samples form a monophyletic clade with those from Ukalini Forest. Samples of Rhampholeon collected from Manho Forest, which is higher in elevation, are in a different clade (K.A. Tolley unpub. data 2019). Recent records from Mt Ribáuè, Mt Mepalué and Mt Socone were confirmed as Rhampholeon tilburyi using a phylogenetic analysis (K.A. Tolley unpub. data)." 149768142,Scolecoseps broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scolecoseps,broadleyi,,,,,"Verburgt, Verburgt, Branch, 2018",The phylogenetic relationship within Scolecoseps requires investigation. 56275,Leptopelis palmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,palmatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)",Populations from mainland Africa assigned to this species are now considered to be Leptopelis rufus. 21309,Tachypleus tridentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MEROSTOMATA,XIPHOSURA,LIMULIDAE,Tachypleus,tridentatus,,,,,"(Leach, 1819)","Tachypleus tridentatus and T. gigas are sometimes the subject of misidentification. In China, three horseshoe crab nature reserves were established in Guangdong Province in 2004 for the protection of T. gigas (Kwan et al. 2016), even though T. gigas has not been recorded in these areas (Liao and Li 2001, Liao et al. 2001a).

In Hong Kong, the occurrence of T. gigas, T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda was reported (Mikkelsen 1988), but recent population studies did not reveal any presence of T. gigas in Hong Kong waters (Li 2008, Shin et al. 2009, Morton and Lee 2010) and a recent literature review suggests previous reports of the presence of T. gigas in Hong Kong was a case of mistaken identity, based on the wrong labelling of photographs in a popular natural history book at the time (Laurie 2011, unpublished).

On 23 May 2012, five horseshoe crabs were seized at Sam Ratulangi International Airport, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia under PP No. 7/1999 (Indonesia Government Regulation No. 7/1999). Although described as T. gigas, photographs indicate the seized animals were T. tridentatus (BKIPM 2012)." 149769657,Dipsadoboa montisilva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dipsadoboa,montisilva,,,,,"Branch, Conradie & Tolley, 2019","The presence of an undescribed species of Dipsadoboa was first reported from Mount Mabu in 2008 (Bayliss et al. 2014). Newly collected material in subsequent surveys allowed phylogenetic analysis that confirmed it representeda new species, which was subsequently described as D. montisilva (Conradie et al. 2016, Branch et al. 2019). No further notable taxonomic issues." 58514,Ptychadena newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,newtoni,,,,,"(Bocage, 1886)", 54586,Poyntonophrynus beiranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Poyntonophrynus,beiranus,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)",Isolated populations in Zambia and northern Mozambique needs taxonomic validations. 149776516,Hyperolius stictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,stictus,,,,,"Conradie, Verburgt, Portik, Ohler, Bwong & Lawson, 2018 ",Recently described species which forms part of a larger Hyperolius mitchelli complex. No notable taxonomical issues. 141483311,Eviota lentiginosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,lentiginosa,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 2017", 141483319,Eviota maculibotella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,maculibotella,,,,,"Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2016", 141483336,Eviota masudai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,masudai,,,,,"Matsuura & Senou, 2006", 141483352,Eviota melanosphena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,melanosphena,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2016", 141483379,Eviota mimica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,mimica,,,,,"Greenfield & Randall, 2016", 141483498,Eviota minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,minuta,,,,,"Greenfield & Jewett, 2014", 123431369,Bryaninops spongicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bryaninops,spongicolus,,,,,"Suzuki, Bogorodsky & Randall, 2012", 141481752,Amblyeleotris neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,neglecta,,,,,"Jaafar & Randall, 2009", 145400229,Kurixalus lenquanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,lenquanensis,,,,,"Yu, Wang, Hou, Rao & Yang, 2017", 141483511,Eviota natalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,natalis,,,,,"Allen, 2007",Eviota fallax closely resembles E. natalis (Greenfield and Allen 2012). 141483531,Eviota pamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,pamae,,,,,"Allen, Brooks & Erdmann, 2013","This species is part of the Eviota nigriventris complex (Greenfield and Tornabene 2014), and is closely related to E. raja (Allen et al. 2013)." 145405279,Leptobrachella purpura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,purpura,,,,,"(Yang, Zeng & Wang, 2018)", 145405869,Leptobrachella yingjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,yingjiangensis,,,,,"(Yang, Zeng & Wang, 2018)", 58242,Cornufer guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)", 58235,Cornufer gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,gigas,,,,,"(Brown & Parker, 1970)", 58633,Papurana kreffti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,kreffti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)",The taxonomy of the Solomon Islands Hylarana species requires further study to determine the number of taxa involved. 55754,Litoria thesaurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,thesaurensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)",This species is a species complex (S. Richards pers. comm. 2019). 58241,Cornufer wolfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,wolfi,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1920)", 58485,Cornufer weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,weberi,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1932)", 58240,Cornufer vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,vertebralis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 58239,Cornufer trossulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,trossulus,,,,,"(Brown & Myers, 1949)", 58258,Cornufer opisthodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,opisthodon,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)","The status of this species has been questioned, but it is currently recognized as being distinct from its congeners and is treated as such here." 58472,Cornufer neckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,neckeri,,,,,"Brown & Myers, 1949", 58482,Cornufer solomonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,solomonis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1884", 141483551,Eviota pictifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,pictifacies,,,,,"Greenfield & Erdmann, 2017", 141483580,Eviota punyit,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,punyit,,,,,"Tornabene, Valdez & Erdmann, 2016",This species is closely related to Eviota sebreei (Tornabene et al. 2016). 149237705,Microhyla beilunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,beilunensis,,,,,"Zhang, Fei, Ye, Wang, Wang & Jiang, 2018", 150084022,Pristimantis gralarias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,gralarias,,,,,"Guayasamin, Arteaga-Navarro & Hutter, 2018",There is some taxonomic confusion as this taxon may be synonym of Pristimantis floridus (M. Yánez-Muñóz pers. comm. 2021). 150084044,Pristimantis mallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,mallii,,,,,"Reyes-Puig, Reyes-Puig, Velarde-Garcéz, Dávalos, Mancero, Navarrete, Yánez-Muñoz, Cisneros-Heredia & Ron, 2019", 150084079,Pristimantis tiktik,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tiktik,,,,,"Székely, Eguiguren, Székely, Ordóñez-Delgado, Armijos-Ojeda, Riofrîo–Guamán & Cogǎlniceanu, 2018", 150087086,Megophrys fansipanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,fansipanensis,,,,,"Tapley, Cutajar, Mahony, Nguyen, Dau, Luong, Le, Nguyen, Nguyen, Portway, Luong &Rowley, 2018","Found within the subgenus Panophrys, according to the species description (Tapley et al. 2018).

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 150087100,Megophrys hoanglienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,hoanglienensis,,,,,"Tapley, Cutajar, Mahony, Nguyen, Dau, Luong, Le, Nguyen, Nguyen, Portway, Luong & Rowley, 2018","Found within the subgenus Panophrys, according to the species description (Tapley et al. 2018).

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys.  Dubois et al. (2021) recognized that Panophrys is proccupied and employed Boulenophrys as the generic name rather than Tianophrys under the Principle of First Revisor. This assessment retains it under Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 150087113,Megophrys elfina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,elfina,,,,,"Poyarkov, Duong, Orlov, Gogoleva, Vassilieva, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen, Che & Mahony, 2017","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Ophrophryne without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 150087273,Megophrys feii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,feii,,,,,"Yang, Wang & Wang, 2018", 150088460,Microhyla aurantiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,aurantiventris,,,,,"Nguyen, Poyarkov, Nguyen, Nguyen, Tran, Gorin, Murphy & Nguyen, 2019", 150088672,Microhyla mihintalei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,mihintalei,,,,,"Wijayathilaka, Garg, Senevirathne, Karunarathna, Biju & Meegaskumbura, 2016","Prior to its naming, this species was confused with M. rubra (Wijayathilaka et al. 2016)." 150088903,Hyloscirtus japreria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,japreria,,,,,"Rojas-Runjaic, Infante-Rivero, Salerno & Meza-Joya, 2018", 150088916,Craugastor aenigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,aenigmaticus,,,,,"Arias, Chaves & Parra-Olea, 2018", 150088930,Chiropterotriton aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,aureus,,,,,"García-Castillo, Soto-Pozos, Aguilar-López, Pineda-Arredondo & Parra-Olea, 2018", 150088945,Chiropterotriton chico,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,chico,,,,,"García-Castillo, Rovito, Wake & Parra-Olea, 2017","This species from Parque Nacional El Chico in the state of Hidalgo was long assigned to Chiropterotriton multidentatus (Rabb 1958, Wake and Lynch 1976)." 150088962,Chiropterotriton nubilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,nubilus,,,,,"García-Castillo, Soto-Pozos, Aguilar-López, Pineda-Arredondo & Parra-Olea, 2018", 150089121,Pseudophilautus conniffae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,conniffae,,,,,"Batuwita, De Silva & Udugampala, 2019", 18242362,Amatitlania nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,nigrofasciata,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)","Recently, Schmitter-Soto (2007) described three new species from Amatitlania nigrofasciata. However, mtDNA studies revealed that there may not be enough genetic divergence to warrant this split (Bagley et al. 2016). More studies are necessary to resolve these taxonomy uncertainties." 49830575,Phenagoniates macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenagoniates,macrolepis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 49830722,Roeboides dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,dayi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 150105682,Pseudocheirodon arnoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pseudocheirodon,arnoldi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 150105894,Pseudocheirodon terrabae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pseudocheirodon,terrabae,,,,,"Bussing, 1967", 150106255,Pterobrycon myrnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pterobrycon,myrnae,,,,,"Bussing, 1974", 150106336,Roeboides carti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,carti,,,,,"Lucena, 2000", 150106380,Roeboides guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 150106494,Roeboides ilseae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,ilseae,,,,,"Bussing, 1986", 150106516,Roeboides loftini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,loftini,,,,,"Lucena, 2011", 150106597,Amatitlania altoflava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,altoflava,,,,,"(Allgayer, 2001)","

This species is closely related to Cryptoheros nanoluteus. Additional research is needed to determine if species-level recognition is warranted (Tobler 2005, Říčan et al. 2016).

" 150106660,Amatitlania kanna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,kanna,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2007","Although this species is currently considered valid (Eschmeyer et al. 2019), recent genetic analysis suggests that species-level status may not be warranted. Any taxonomic changes in this regard would like cause a non-genuine increase in Extent of Occurrence (EOO), which may warrant reassessment." 150106675,Amatitlania myrnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,myrnae,,,,,"(Loiselle, 1997)", 150106703,Amatitlania nanolutea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,nanolutea,,,,,"(Allgayer, 1994)", 150106793,Amatitlania septemfasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,septemfasciata,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 150106872,Amatitlania siquia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,siquia,,,,,"Schmitter-Soto, 2007",there is considerable uncertainty regarding the validity of this species. Further molecular study may result in the recognition of several currently undescribed species or subsumption under another species concept (W. Matamoros pers. comm. 2019). 18242650,Amphilophus citrinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,citrinellus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 150107090,Amphilophus amarillo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,amarillo,,,,,"Stauffer & McKaye, 2002", 150107127,Amphilophus astorquii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,astorquii,,,,,"Stauffer, McCrary & Black, 2008",

This species is part of a unique species complex endemic to Lake Apoyo (Říčan et al. 2016). Changes to the taxonomic concept of this species may warrant reassessment.

150107133,Amphilophus chancho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,chancho,,,,,"Stauffer, McCrary & Black, 2008", 150107194,Amphilophus flaveolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,flaveolus,,,,,"Stauffer, McCrary & Black, 2008", 150122729,Amphilophus globosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,globosus,,,,,"Geiger, McCrary & Stauffer, 2010", 150122739,Amphilophus hogaboomorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,hogaboomorum,,,,,"(Carr & Giovannoli, 1950)", 150122865,Amphilophus lyonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,lyonsi,,,,,"(Gosse, 1966)", 150122871,Amphilophus sagittae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,sagittae,,,,,"Stauffer & McKaye, 2002", 150122874,Amphilophus supercilius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,supercilius,,,,,"Geiger, McCrary & Stauffer, 2010", 150123270,Amphilophus xiloaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,xiloaensis,,,,,"Stauffer & McKaye, 2002", 145405002,Leptobrachella mangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,mangshanensis,,,,,"(Hou, Zhang, Hu, Li, Shi, Chen, Mo & Wang, 2018)",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptobrachella liui (Hou et al. 2018). 145405080,Leptobrachella maoershanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,maoershanensis,,,,,"(Yuan, Sun, Chen, Rowley & Che, 2017)", 150216112,Psammophylax ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophylax,ocellatus,,,,,"Bocage, 1873","The recent collection of new material of this taxon, previously treated as a subspecies of Psammophylax rhombeatus, enabled Branch et al. (2019) to evaluate its taxonomic status on both morphological and molecular grounds. These authors confirmed that this species should be recognized as a distinct species, while noting that the new material exhibits some character differences and was collected at different elevations from historical material." 150217347,Afrotyphlops chirioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,chirioi,,,,,"Trape, 2019", 150217589,Afrotyphlops rouxestevae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,rouxestevae,,,,,"Trape, 2019", 150217747,Letheobia weidholzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,weidholzi,,,,,"Wallach & Gemel, 2018", 150219035,Agama picticauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,picticauda,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 150250153,Chondrodactylus laevigatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Chondrodactylus,laevigatus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1888)","There has been extensive taxonomic confusion within Chondrodactylus, which is the subject of ongoing research (A. Bauer pers. comm. 2020). Four taxa presently accepted as species - C. turneri, C. laevigatus, C. pulitzerae and C. fitzsimonsi (Uetz et al. 2019) - have all previously been treated as subspecies of a single widespread species under the name C. turneri or C. laevigatus. Genetic evidence suggests that taxonomic issues remain within C. laevigatus (Bauer et al. 2019). Due to a lack of clarity about range limits of these various taxa, which have been recognized as distinct based on phylogenetic work (Lamb and Bauer 2002, Bauer and Lamb 2005, Heinz et al. 2011), these assessments follow preliminary work presented by A. Bauer, T. Jackman and I. Brennan at conferences (pers. comm. 2020, Bauer et al. 2019), and for species other than C. turneri summarized by Marques et al. (2018)." 150250273,Echis romani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Echis,romani,,,,,"Trape, 2018",This species represents Central African populations formerly assigned to Echis ocellatus (Trape 2018). 150250389,Feylinia boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Feylinia,boulengeri,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1917", 150252994,Lygodactylus bonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,bonsi,,,,,"Pasteur, 1962", 150253097,Myriopholis occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Myriopholis,occipitalis,,,,,"Trape & Chirio, 2019", 150253597,Panaspis namibiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,namibiana,,,,,"Ceríaco, Branch & Bauer, 2018", 150254322,Panaspis thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,thomensis,,,,,"Ceríaco, Soares, Marques, Bastos-Silveira, Scheinberg, Harris, Brehm & Jesus, 2018", 150254466,Polemon ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,ater,,,,,"Portillo, Branch, Tilbury, Nagy, Hughes, Kusamba, Muninga, Aristote, Behangana & Greenbaum, 2019", 150254610,Polemon graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,graueri,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1908)", 150254723,Rhoptropus benguellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,benguellensis,,,,,"Mertens, 1938", 150254798,Rhoptropus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropus,montanus,,,,,"Laurent, 1964","This species has previously been considered a subspecies of Rhoptropus boultoni, but molecular research indicates that this represents a distinct species (Kuhn 2016, Heinicke et al. 2017)." 150254890,Trachylepis langheldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,langheldi,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1917)","Trachylepis quiquetaeniata langheldi has widely been treated as a full species in recent literature and this scheme is followed here, although comparative research is needed to clarify that it is distinct from T. quinquetaeniata (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020). L. Chirio (pers. comm. 2020) reports that the two commonly co-occur in northern Cameroon, apparently within the same population, supporting the idea that T. langheldi is just a colour morph of T. quinquetaeniata." 150255080,Trachylepis raymondlaurenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,raymondlaurenti,,,,,"Marques, Ceríaco, Bandeira, Pauwels & Bauer, 2019", 150255196,Tricheilostoma kongoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Tricheilostoma,kongoensis,,,,,"Trape, 2019", 150255225,Cyrtodactylus agamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,agamensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)","This species has long been treated as a junior synonym of Cyrtodactylus marmoratus. Following a comparative examination of the holotypes of both taxa Rösler et al. (2007) revalidated C. agamensis, but Harvey et al. (2015) note that this action - in a German-language publication - was subsequently neglected. D.T. Iskandar (pers. comm. 2019) has confirmed that, while poorly-described, this is a validly distinct taxon." 150255299,Dibamus manadotuaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIBAMIDAE,Dibamus,manadotuaensis,,,,,"Koppetsch, Böhme & Koch, 2019", 150255772,Trimeresurus gunaleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,gunaleni,,,,,"Vogel, David & Sidik, 2014","This species was described from highland populations previously included within Trimeresurus sumatranus. Molecular studies are underway on this species, which was described based on morphological data (Awal pers. comm. 2019).  This species would be classified in the genus Parias under the revisions of Malhotra and Thorpe (2004)." 141483602,Eviota raja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,raja,,,,,"Allen, 2001","This species is part of the Eviota nigriventris complex (Greenfield 2017) and is closely related to E. pamae and E. bifasciata (Allen 2001, Allen et al. 2013)." 141483717,Eviota readerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eviota,readerae,,,,,"Gill & Jewett, 2004", 145405617,Leptobrachella tengchongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,tengchongensis,,,,,"(Yang, Wang, Chen & Rao, 2016)", 145405709,Leptobrachella wuhuangmontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,wuhuangmontis,,,,,"Wang, Yang & Wang, 2018", 145405935,Leptobrachella yunkaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,yunkaiensis,,,,,"Wang, Li, Lyu & Wang, 2018", 58471,Cornufer myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,myersi,,,,,"(Brown, 1949)", 58237,Cornufer minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,minutus,,,,,"(Brown & Parker, 1970)", 58236,Cornufer mediodiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,mediodiscus,,,,,"(Brown & Parker, 1970)", 58257,Cornufer malukuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,malukuna,,,,,"(Brown & Webster, 1969)", 58465,Cornufer macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,macrops,,,,,"Brown, 1965", 58256,Cornufer guppyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,guppyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1884)", 58461,Cornufer hedigeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,hedigeri,,,,,"Brown, Siler, Richards, Diesmos & Cannatella, 2015", 57682,Asterophrys leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Asterophrys,leucopus,,,,,"Richards, Johnston & Burton, 1994", 143801549,Pronothobranchius chirioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Pronothobranchius,chirioi,,,,,"Valdesalici, 2013","It is distinguished from all congeners (P. kiyawensis, P. gambiensis and P. seymouri) by the following unique combination of characters: males with about 20-30 spots on flank, each having a smaller diameter than the radius of the pupil, spots on proximal portion of anal fin, pectoral fin hyaline, pelvic fin reaching anal fin, dorsal fin tip reaching centre of caudal peduncle, females without spots; dorsal fin with 14-15 rays and 30-31 scales in median lateral series (Valdesalici 2013)." 136020,Asterophrys pullifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Asterophrys,pullifer,,,,,"(Günther, 2006)","Formerly Calluops pullifer (Günther, 2006) according to Günther (2009)." 57683,Asterophrys turpicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Asterophrys,turpicola,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","The unjustified emendation (under Article 32.c.ii of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1984) of the specific epithet to turpicula has had widespread use. It could comprise several species (R. Günther pers. comm.)." 57684,Austrochaperina adamantina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,adamantina,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000", 145401912,Pachytriton wuguanfui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pachytriton,wuguanfui,,,,,"Yuan, Zhang & Che, 2016", 11070,Labeo fisheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,fisheri,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1917","Sudasinghe et al. (2018) reviewed the genus Labeo and confirmed, both morphologically and phylogenetically, that Labeo fisheri is a true species. Anusha et al. (2017) recorded a specimen of L. fisheri from the upstream regions of the Tamiraparani River in the southern Peninsular India. However, the meristic counts reported for this specimen differ from those of Sri Lankan L. fisheri as follows: 42 (vs. 37–39) lateral-line scales; and 21 (vs. 17–20) circumpeduncular scales. Therefore, the record of L. fisheri from India by Anusha et al. (2017) can be considered as a misidentification (Sudasinghe et al. 2018)." 11532,Lepidocephalichthys jonklaasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Lepidocephalichthys,jonklaasi,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1956)", 18883,Systomus asoka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,asoka,,,,,"(Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1989)",Genus has changed to Systomus by Pethiyagoda et al. 2012. 18908,Systomus martenstyni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,martenstyni,,,,,"(Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1991)",Genus changed to Systomus by Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). 20200,Sicyopus jonklaasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopus,jonklaasi,,,,,"Klausewitz & Henrich, 1986", 61213,Oligolepis acutipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oligolepis,acutipennis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","This species is commonly confused with Oligolepis stomias and the two species may occur together (Larson in prep.). In southern Africa, records of this species is confused with those of Oxyurichthys keiensis. There appears to be at least one undescribed species which may be confused with this species. The genus is in need of revision.

The species name is often misspelled as 'acutipinnis'." 180568,Garra ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,ceylonensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1863", 196105,Rasbora armitagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,armitagei,,,,,"Silva, Maduwage & Pethiyagoda, 2010", 196106,Rasbora naggsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,naggsi,,,,,"Silva, Maduwage & Pethiyagoda, 2010", 196110,Clarias brachysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,brachysoma,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 196297,Stiphodon martenstyni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,martenstyni,,,,,"Watson, 1998","Described in 1998 by Watson E.R., using single specimen collected from type locality and there were no records of this species since it was described (Watson, 1998)." 196298,Macrognathus pentophthalmos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,MASTACEMBELIDAE,Macrognathus,pentophthalmos,,,,,"(Gronow, 1854)", 196299,Puntius tetraspilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,tetraspilus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",The taxonomic status of this species appears to be very uncertain (Eschmeyer 2015). Species inquirendae  Pethiyagoda et al. (2008). 196300,Puntius layardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,layardi,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","Species inquirendae (Pethiyagoda et al. 2008); In 2012, Pethiyagoda et al. phylogenetically recognized as a species." 196351,Redigobius balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Redigobius,balteatus,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)",The taxonomy of this species has recently been reviewed by Larson (2010). 199468,Monopterus desilvai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,desilvai,,,,,"Bailey & Gans, 1998","In 1998, it was described by using single specimen collected in 1976 from Marawila (Bailey and Gans 1998)." 65403364,Microphis ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,ocellatus,,,,,"(Duncker, 1910)", 149844673,Labeo heladiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,heladiva,,,,,"Sudasinghe, Ranasinghe, Goonatilake & Meegaskumbura, 2018", 149845853,Puntius thermalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,thermalis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)",Puntius chola (Hamilton 1822) was misapplied to this species (Pethiyagoda et al. 2012). 149846324,Systomus spilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,spilurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",Puntius sarana and Barbus sarana were misapplied; the genus was changed to Systomus by Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). 149846458,Systomus timbiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Systomus,timbiri,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1963)",Earlier this species was considered as junior synonym of Systomus sarana and Pethiyagoda et al. (2012) validated it as a species. 79,Paracanthocobitis urophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Paracanthocobitis,urophthalma,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","In 2015, Singer and Page changed the genus name to Paracanthocobitis (Singer & Page, 2015)." 152524589,Cophixalus verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,verrucosus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)","Following morphological analysis, Cophixalus aimbensis has now been synonymised with this species." 57794,Copiula fistulans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,fistulans,,,,,"Menzies & Tyler, 1977", 57798,Copiula oxyrhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,oxyrhina,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 135814,Cornufer adiastolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,adiastolus,,,,,"(Brown, Richards, Sukumaran & Foufopoulos, 2006)", 136087,Cornufer admiraltiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,admiraltiensis,,,,,"(Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007)", 58452,Cornufer boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,boulengeri,,,,,"Boettger, 1892", 58453,Cornufer browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,browni,,,,,"(Allison & Kraus, 2001)", 136183,Cornufer bufonulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,bufonulus,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2007)", 145401474,Tylototriton anhuiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,anhuiensis,,,,,"Qian, Sun, Li, Guo, Pan, Kang, Wang, Jiang, Wu & Zhang, 2017","This species was previously confused with Tylototriton wenxianensis and T. dabienicus, so subpopulations from Anhui Province that were previously attributed to these species are now assigned to T. anhuiensis (Qian et al. 2017)." 145406129,Odorrana kweichowensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,kweichowensis,,,,,"Li, Xu, Lv, Jiang, Wei & Wang, 2018", 58042,Xenorhina adisca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,adisca,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2003", 139350908,Pseudagrion silaceum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,silaceum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 58024,Xenorhina anorbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,anorbis,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58025,Xenorhina arfakiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,arfakiana,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58026,Xenorhina bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,bidens,,,,,"Van Kampen, 1909", 58044,Xenorhina bouwensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,bouwensi,,,,,"(Witte, 1930)", 58045,Xenorhina eiponis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,eiponis,,,,,"Blum & Menzies, 1989", 58028,Xenorhina gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,gigantea,,,,,"van Kampen, 1915", 58459,Cornufer gilliardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,gilliardi,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1960)",Specimens previously assigned to this species from the Admiralty Archipelago have now been described as Cornufer admiraltiensis and C. latro (Richards et al. 2007). 136158,Cornufer latro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,latro,,,,,"(Richards, Mack & Austin, 2007)", 165386,Afropomus balanoidea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Afropomus,balanoidea,,,,,"(Gould, 1850)", 175137,Lanistes libycus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,libycus,,,,,"(Morelet, 1848)", 175132,Lanistes varicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Lanistes,varicus,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)","This is an exclusively western African species. The record by Ibrahim et al. (1999) from Lake Nasser (Egypt) is erroneous and appears to be an abberant juvenile form of L. carinatus The spiral banding is similar to that of L. carinatus, while L. varicus usually is homogeneously dark brown." 165375,Pila africana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,africana,,,,,"(Martens, 1886)", 175127,Pila wernei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Pila,wernei,,,,,"(Phillipi, 1851)","The identification of a Pila population as P. wernei  in Lake Nasser (Egypt) (Ibrahim et al., 1999) needs confirmation. The specimen figured in their study may be in our opinion a Pila ovata." 165390,Saulea vitrea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,AMPULLARIIDAE,Saulea,vitrea,,,,,"(Born, 1780)", 175138,Assiminea hessei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Assiminea,hessei,,,,,"O. Boettger, 1887","The taxonomy of the minute Assimineidae is completely outdated and in need of revision. Assimineids seem to be easily spread by birds and their distribution is erratic and instable. The species Assiminea hessei may possibly not belong in the genus Assiminea (Brown 1994). It is also possible that the Nigerian species may be a different taxon to the originally described Congo species, which is only known from shells. Since shells are near useless for identification, the type material can not be identified anymore." 165403,Gabbiella africana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,africana,,,,,"(Frauenfeld, 1862)", 184743,Gabbiella depressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,depressa,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 165397,Gabbiella neothaumaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,neothaumaeformis,,,,,"(Germain, 1907)",Gabbiella neothaumaeformis is taxonomically insufficiently known. 165387,Gabbiella tchadiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Gabbiella,tchadiensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1968", 165395,Sierraia expansilabrum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Sierraia,expansilabrum,,,,,"Brown, 1988", 165401,Sierraia leonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Sierraia,leonensis,,,,,"Connolly, 1929", 165391,Sierraia outambensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Sierraia,outambensis,,,,,"Brown, 1988", 165389,Sierraia whitei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Sierraia,whitei,,,,,"Brown, 1988", 165392,Soapitia dageti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BITHYNIIDAE,Soapitia,dageti,,,,,"Binder, 1961", 160702103,Cyrenoida dupontia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,CYRENOIDIDAE,Cyrenoida,dupontia,,,,,"Joannis, 1835","Two species of the Atlantic brackish water genus Cyrenoida were described from the West Atlantic coast: C. dupontia and C. rhodopyga. The latter is presently considered as a form of C. dupontia (Huber, 2010). 
" 165400,Hydrobia accrensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,accrensis,,,,,"Connolly, 1929", 165381,Hydrobia guyenoti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,guyenoti,,,,,"Binder, 1955","Brown is happy that there are three taxa in this genus, though recommends a revision of the taxonomy." 165380,Hydrobia lineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Hydrobia,lineata,,,,,"Binder, 1957 [name invalid]","The name Hydrobia lineata is pre-occupied by a fossil species Hydrobia lineata Jekelius, 1944 from Soceni (Romania). The name, Hydrobia lineata, for the taxon described by Binder, 1957 from Côte d'Ivoire, is a junior primary homonym and therefore invalid hence this species needs to be renamed. Until such time as a new combination is published it is assumed here that the references in the literature all apply to the same Hydrobia species and it is left here as Hydrobia lineata [name invalid]." 175136,Potamopyrgus ciliatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamopyrgus,ciliatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1850)",The genus is presently placed in the family Tateidae and not in the Hydrobiidae. 175124,Aspatharia chaiziana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,chaiziana,,,,,"(Rang, 1835)","Aspatharia chaiziana is considered a mainly West African Sahelian species extending in East Africa (Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan). But it is not certain that the East African populations and the West African ones all belong to A. chaiziana. Graf and Cummings (2007) ranging the East African populations  under A. chaiziana, state that 'these East African populations may warrant distinction from those in the West under the name Aspatharia innesi (Pallary, 1903)'" 165384,Aspatharia dahomeyensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,dahomeyensis,,,,,"(Lea, 1859)", 165405,Aspatharia droueti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,droueti,,,,,"(Chaper, 1885)", 165796,Aspatharia pfeifferiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Aspatharia,pfeifferiana,,,,,"(Bernardi, 1860)","Aspatharia pfeifferiana was formerly considered as a species ranging from Senegal to Zambia (Mandahl-Barth, 1988). We here follow the taxonomic interpretation of Graf and Cummings (2019), which confines Aspatharia pfeifferiana to the region of the Congo basin and Gabon." 44232,Chambardia wissmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Chambardia,wissmanni,,,,,"(von Martens, 1883)","Chambardia wissmanni has been frequently confused with Chambardia rubens and in certain treatments, the two species are considered synonymous (e.g. Leloup 1950, Mandahl-Barth 1968, Haas 1969). We follow the taxonomy of Graf and Cummings (2019) who consider the two species as distinct and with a different distribution, overlapping in western Africa." 175126,Mutela dubia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,dubia,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)","In recent treatments, Mutela dubia has been regarded as a number of subspecies: Mutela d. dubia, M. d. nilotica, M. d. emini and M. d. garambae (Van Damme 1984, Mandahl-Barth 1988, Daget 1998, Graf and Cummings 2007). M. d. garambae is morphologically distinct and geographically isolated from the others in this complex and perhaps represents a distinct species." 165407,Mutela franci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,franci,,,,,"Daget, 1964", 184522,Mutela joubini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,joubini,,,,,"(Germain, 1904)","This species is poorly known. Mandahl-Barth (1988) treated M. joubini as a synonym of M. rostrata, but it was recognized as valid by Daget (1998)." 175129,Mutela rostrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,IRIDINIDAE,Mutela,rostrata,,,,,"(Rang, 1835)","Elongate Mutela species with pointed posteriors and green periostracum from the Nile basin, West Africa and the Congo basin have all been treated as Mutela rostrata (Pilsbry and Bequaert 1927, Van Damme 1984, Mandahl-Barth 1988, Daget 1998), but the Congolese populations may represent a separate species based upon their distinct morphology (Graf and Cummings 2006, 2007). A revision is needed." 14626,Neritilia manoeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITILIIDAE,Neritilia,manoeli,,,,,"(Dohrn, 1866)", 165778,Nereina afra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Nereina,afra,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1841)", 14627,Vitta cristata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Vitta,cristata,,,,,"(Morelet, 1864)","
" 165780,Vitta glabrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Vitta,glabrata,,,,,"(Sowerby, 1849)", 158567718,Clypeolum owenianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clypeolum,owenianum,,,,,"(Wood, 1828)", 40090,Vitta rubricata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Vitta,rubricata,,,,,"(Morelet, 1858)", 184556,Potadoma angulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,angulata,,,,,"Thiele, 1928", 165383,Potadoma bicarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,bicarinata,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1967","The type locality given in Mandahl-Barth (1967), the Otiso River, does not exist. Otiso was a village near the Oti River, which presently lies in Lake Volta." 165399,Potadoma buttikoferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,buttikoferi,,,,,"(Schepman, 1888)","The soft parts of this species are unknown and its generic position is uncertain. Its shell shows some resemblance to the genus Cleopatra." 175120,Potadoma freethi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,freethi,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 184631,Potadoma kadeii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,kadeii,,,,,"Samé-Ekobo & Kristensen, 1985", 165385,Potadoma liberiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,liberiensis,,,,,"(Schepman, 1888)","Potadoma liberiensis has a rather restricted range and seems to be confused with morphologically similar species, such as P. freethi." 165382,Potadoma moerchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,moerchi,,,,,"(Reeve, 1859)", 184603,Potadoma riperti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,riperti,,,,,"Samé-Ekobo & Kristensen, 1985", 165394,Potadoma togoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,togoensis,,,,,"Thiele, 1928",The species name 'togoensis' is erroneous because this species has never been recorded from Togo but only from Ghana. 165393,Potadoma vogeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Potadoma,vogeli,,,,,"Binder, 1955", 175131,Cleopatra bulimoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Cleopatra,bulimoides,,,,,"(Olivier, 1804)","Formerly placed in family Thiaridae, this genus is now placed in Paludomidae." 165404,Pseudocleopatra togoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Pseudocleopatra,togoensis,,,,,"Thiele, 1928",The species name is misleading since P. togoensis has not been recorded from Togo. 165376,Pseudocleopatra voltana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PALUDOMIDAE,Pseudocleopatra,voltana,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1973", 175130,Biomphalaria camerunensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,camerunensis,,,,,"(C.R. Boettger, 1941)",Biomphalaria camerunensis is not readily identified and therefore the range cited may be altered in following assessments. 2810,Biomphalaria tchadiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Biomphalaria,tchadiensis,,,,,"(Germain, 1904)","Probably a lacustrine form of Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Brown 1994). B. tchadiensis is marked as ' taxon inquirendum' in WoRMS, meaning that its taxonomic status is  uncertain and under investigation." 165388,Bulinus jousseaumei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,jousseaumei,,,,,"(Dautzenberg, 1890)","Akinwale et al. (2015) show that Nigerian Bulinus populations, identified on morphological characteristics as B. jousseaumei, were identified on molecular evidence either as B. globosus or B. camerunensis. All former identifications, based on morphological characteristics only, hence need to be treated with caution." 165377,Bulinus obtusus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,obtusus,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1973", 165398,Bulinus senegalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,senegalensis,,,,,"Müller, 1781",Recent morphological and molecular investigation in Nigeria indicates that identification of B. senegalensis on morphological characteristics only is unreliable. 175134,Bulinus umbilicatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,umbilicatus,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1973", 184741,Ceratophallus bicarinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Ceratophallus,bicarinatus,,,,,"(Mandahl-Barth, 1954)","Due to the minute differences in shell characteristics, the taxonomy of species of the genus Ceratophallus needs to be revised and to be based on molecular differences." 175122,Pettancylus eburnensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Pettancylus,eburnensis,,,,,"(Binder, 1957)","The African representatives of the family Ancylidae need to revised, since the present taxonomy is based on questionable morphological characteristics." 165803,Tympanotonos fuscatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,POTAMIDIDAE,Tympanotonos,fuscatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 165379,Melanoides manguensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,manguensis,,,,,"(Thiele, 1928)","Considering the extreme polymorphism in the genus Melanoides, Melanoides manguensis is probably a form of Melanoides tuberculata. The taxonomic position of this 'species' will remain unresolved, awaiting molecular investigation." 165406,Melanoides voltae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,voltae,,,,,"(Thiele, 1928)",Recent molecular investigations in the genus Melanoides have shown that marked morphological differences are no evidence for genetic differentiation. It is advisable that the species status of M. voltae is confirmed by molecular research.   165769,Pachymelania aurita,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Pachymelania,aurita,,,,,"(Müller, 1774)",The representatives of the genus Pachymelania are presently ranged in the family Hemisinidae 175140,Pachymelania byronensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Pachymelania,byronensis,,,,,"(Wood, 1828)",The representatives of the genus Pachymelania are presently ranged in the family Hemisinidae. 165779,Pachymelania fusca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,HEMISINIDAE,Pachymelania,fusca,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)",The representatives of the genus Pachymelania are presently ranged in the family Hemisinidae 175142,Coelatura aegyptiaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,aegyptiaca,,,,,"(Cailliaud, 1827)","The taxonomic arrangement of Graf and Cummings (2019) is here followed. Accordingly, all references of Coelatura gabonensis from West Africa are considered to be misidentifications of C. aegyptiaca specimens." 184621,Coelatura gabonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,gabonensis,,,,,"(Küster, 1862)","The taxonomic view of Graf and Cummings (2019) is here followed, placing all references of Coelatura gabonensis from West Africa under C. aegyptiaca." 184642,Coelatura lobensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Coelatura,lobensis,,,,,"(Frierson, 1913)","This is a poorly characterized species, known only from the original type material, described by Frierson (1913) from the Lobo (or Lobé) and Nyang (or Nyong) rivers in Cameroon. Haas (1936) created the new genus Afroparreysia for it. Recent studies (Whelan et al., 2011) indicate that the genus Coelatura is paraphyletic and that a revision, correcting the erroneous former lumping, is needed. It is possible that the genus name Afroparreysia will be reinstituted." 2746,Bellamya liberiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,VIVIPARIDAE,Bellamya,liberiana,,,,,"(Schepman, 1888)","Brown (1994) states that 'from its size and shape, this shell could be taken for a Bellamya, but from the description of the surface as ‘granular’ it might also be a Potadoma. Operculum and anatomy unknown'.  The original description reads: 'the whole shell is covered with very small granules, which are arranged spirally'. This characteristic is absent in Bellamya species but very common in the genus Potadoma. In addition the genus Bellamya was absent from the part of West and Central Africa in the region below 10° latitude North  and 3° latitude South (Brown, 1994: fig. 69). 

The putative presence of this genus in Liberia is hence a zoogeographic anomaly.

The granulate ornamentation and the location are arguments in favour of placing this species in the genus Potadoma." 151182898,Phyllurus pinnaclensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CARPHODACTYLIDAE,Phyllurus,pinnaclensis,,,,,"Hoskin, Bertola & Higgie, 2019","Bertola et al. (2018) reported a population related to Phyllurus gulbaru from The Pinnacles, while recognising that this represented an evolutionarily significant unit whose taxonomic status was in need of further investigation. Subsequent morphological and molecular research confirmed that this population should be regarded as a distinct species despite moderately low mtDNA differentiation Hoskin et al. (2019), and these authors accordingly described it as the new species Phyllurus pinnaclensis." 151183543,Atractus collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,collaris,,,,,"Peracca, 1897","Passos et al. (2018) synonymized Atractus limitaneus within Atractus collaris based on comparison of the type material of A. limitaneus and the description of A. collaris (for which the type has apparently been lost). These authors report that the state of one character distinguishing the two species is impossible to determine from the damaged A. limitaneus holotype, but note that this character is unlikely to be a reliable diagnostic feature. Atractus collaris as defined by Passos et al. (2018) is likely to exhibit some degree of divergence across its broad range, and a number of related species exhibit very restricted ranges. Passos et al. (2018) recommend further taxonomic studies at a higher resolution may be required to fully clarify the systematics of this species and to identify cryptic diversity." 57784,Cophixalus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,pulchellus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2000", 57698,Austrochaperina parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,parkeri,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000", 57699,Austrochaperina polysticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,polysticta,,,,,"(Méhelÿ, 1901)", 57700,Austrochaperina rivularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,rivularis,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Austrochaperina. Peloso et al. (2016) transferred the species to the genus Copiula. It has subsequently been transferred back to Austrochaperina. 151283776,Eleutherodactylus colimotl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,colimotl,,,,,"Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones & Boissinot, 2018","

A member of the genus Eleutherodactylus, subgenus Syrrhophus, as defined by Hedges et al. (2008).

" 151283808,Eleutherodactylus erendirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,erendirae,,,,,"Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones & Boissinot, 2018", 151283865,Eleutherodactylus floresvillelai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,floresvillelai,,,,,"Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones & Boissinot, 2018","

A member of the genus Eleutherodacytlus, subgenus Syrrhophus, as defined by Hedges et al. (2008).

" 151283886,Eleutherodactylus jaliscoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,jaliscoensis,,,,,"Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones & Boissinot, 2018","

A member of the genus Eleutherodactylus, subgenus Syrrhophus, as defined by Hedges et al. 2008.

" 151283927,Eleutherodactylus manantlanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,manantlanensis,,,,,"Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones & Boissinot, 2018","

A member of the genus Eleutherodactylus, subgenus Syrrhophus, as defined by Hedges et al.(2008).

" 151283966,Eleutherodactylus nietoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,nietoi,,,,,"Grünwald, Reyes-Velasco, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo, Jones & Boissinot, 2018", 151284673,Sarcohyla labeculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,labeculata,,,,,"(Shannon, 1951)","This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Sarcohyla bistincta by Campbell et al. (2018) where it had been placed by Duellman (1964). Additionally, Campbell et al. (2018) synonymised S. calthula and S. ephemera with this species." 151284796,Sarcohyla hapsa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,hapsa,,,,,"Campbell, Brodie, Caviedes-Solis, Nieto-Montes de Oca, Luja, Flores-Villela, García-Vázquez, Sarker & Wostl, 2018","Removed from the synonymy of Sarcohyla bistincta by Campbell et al. (2018). Campbell et al. (2018:378) assigned the only known specimen (IBH 138072) of S. floresi from Estado de Mexico (then S. pentheter) to S. hapsa “based on distribution and morphology,” but did not report which characters they examined. Kaplan et al. (2020) found that this specimen has the diagnostic characters of S. floresi, and thus assign it to that species." 56993,Pristimantis tamsitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,tamsitti,,,,,"(Cochran & Goin, 1970)","Lynch (1976) elevated this taxon to species status with no further comment. Lynch, Ruíz-Carranza and Ardila-Robayo (1994) redescribed the species, and noted a possible synapomorphy with Pristimantis cremnobates." 57701,Austrochaperina septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,septentrionalis,,,,,"Allison & Kraus, 2003", 57702,Austrochaperina yelaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,yelaensis,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000", 57704,Barygenys atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,atra,,,,,"(Günther, 1896)", 57705,Barygenys cheesmanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,cheesmanae,,,,,"Parker, 1936", 57707,Barygenys flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,flavigularis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1972", 193451,Python bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYTHONIDAE,Python,bivittatus,,,,,"Kuhl, 1820","Python bivittatus was recently recognized as a full species (Jacobs et al. 2009), having previously been considered a subspecies of P. molurus. The subspecies P. b. progschai has been erected to describe populations from Sulawesi (Jacobs et al. 2009). " 57708,Barygenys maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,maculata,,,,,"Menzies & Tyler, 1977", 57709,Barygenys nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,nana,,,,,"Zweifel, 1972", 57710,Barygenys parvula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Barygenys,parvula,,,,,"Zweifel, 1981", 135730,Cophixalus timidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,timidus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2006", 136120,Cophixalus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,variabilis,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2006",Further taxonomic studies are needed to determine the status of populations from the D'Entrecasteaux Islands. Kraus and Allison (2006) tentatively included these subpopulations under this species until additional recordings of calls from D'Entrecasteaux Islands become available. 57790,Cophixalus verecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,verecundus,,,,,"Zweifel & Parker, 1989", 55705,Litoria albolabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,albolabris,,,,,"(Wandolleck, 1911)", 145400860,Nasutixalus yingjiangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Nasutixalus,yingjiangensis,,,,,"Yang & Chan, 2018", 151562583,Papilio natewa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,natewa,,,,,"Tennent, Chandra and Müller, 2018", 145401778,Megophrys rubrimera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,rubrimera,,,,,"Tapley, Cutajar, Mahony, Chung, Dau, Nguyen, Luong & Rowley, 2017","This is a split from the broader concept of Megophrys kuatunensis (Tapley et al. 2017).

Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 199656,Mulloidichthys ayliffe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Mulloidichthys,ayliffe,,,,,"Uiblein, 2011","This species is easily confused with Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, which is a congener and shoals together with M. ayliffe. The Pacific sister species is M. mimicus. Both mimic the Indo-Pacific snapper Lutjanus kasmira (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 18177504,Upeneus pori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,pori,,,,,"Ben-Tuvia & Golani, 1989", 154731,Apeltes quadracus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Apeltes,quadracus,,,,,"(Mitchill, 1815)", 60324,Chanos chanos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GONORYNCHIFORMES,CHANIDAE,Chanos,chanos,,,,,"(Forsskål, 1775)", 57688,Austrochaperina blumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,blumi,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000","The species concept is currently restricted to Papua, Indonesia and records from Papua New Guinea require verification and are therefore excluded at present (F. Kraus and S. Richards pers. comm. August 2019)." 66080578,Xenodon werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Xenodon,werneri,,,,,"Eiselt, 1963","Eiselt (1963) renamed Procteria viridis to Xenodon werneri, because X. viridis is preoccupied by Xenodon viridis Duméril & Bibron, 1854 (= Macropisthodon plumbicolor Cantor, 1839). Yuki (1993) erected a new genus, Thalesius, for Procteria, however, this is pre-occupied. The correct name for this taxon, which some authors have continued to call Thalesius viridis following Yuki (1993), is therefore Xenodon werneri.

The holotype was supposedly from Tsumeb, Namibia, but Eiselt  (1963) questioned this and indicated it was possibly from South America." 57687,Austrochaperina basipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,basipalmata,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1906)", 57690,Austrochaperina derongo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,derongo,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000","We depart from the taxonomy proposed by Peloso et al. (2016), moving to Copuila, and retain this species in Austrochaperina." 57693,Austrochaperina kosarek,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,kosarek,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000", 190983,Austrochaperina minutissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,minutissima,,,,,"Günther, 2009", 57740,Callulops personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,personatus,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)", 58234,Cornufer elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,elegans,,,,,"(Brown & Parker, 1970)","Records below 1,000 m asl that were previously allocated to this species are now believed to belong to an undescribed species (S. Travers pers. comm. July 2019)." 58466,Cornufer macrosceles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,macrosceles,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1975)", 58467,Cornufer magnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,magnus,,,,,"(Brown & Menzies, 1979)", 61867,Cornufer mamusiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,mamusiorum,,,,,"(Foufopoulos & Brown, 2004)", 58468,Cornufer mimicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,mimicus,,,,,"(Brown & Tyler, 1968)", 58238,Cornufer montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,montanus,,,,,"(Brown & Parker, 1970)", 57666,Choerophryne laurini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,laurini,,,,,"(Günther, 2000)","Change in genus from Albericus to Choerophryne according to Peloso et al. 2016." 57767,Choerophryne proboscidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,proboscidea,,,,,"van Kampen, 1914", 57672,Choerophryne variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,variegata,,,,,"(Van Kampen, 1923)",Change in genus from Albericus to Choerophryne according to Peloso et al. 2016. 57772,Cophixalus balbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,balbus,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57774,Cophixalus biroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,biroi,,,,,"(Méhelÿ, 1901)", 135734,Cophixalus humicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,humicola,,,,,"Günther, 2006", 203045,Basiliscus galeritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORYTOPHANIDAE,Basiliscus,galeritus,,,,,"Duméril, 1851", 197472,Coniophanes fissidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,fissidens,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 16394413,Leptosiaphos blochmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,blochmanni,,,,,"(Tornier, 1903)", 196625,Eugongylus albofasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eugongylus,albofasciolatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","While the holotype was reportedly collected from northern Australia, examination of all available Eugongylus material from Australia and the Torres Strait by G. Shea confirms that the only species known from this area is E. rufescens (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017). The type locality is consequently considered to be in error." 55711,Litoria brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,brongersmai,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1945)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55712,Litoria bulmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,bulmeri,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 151803860,Chiloglanis camarabounyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,camarabounyi,,,,,"Schmidt & Bart, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. camarabounyi as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151803898,Chiloglanis kolente,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,kolente,,,,,"Schmidt & Bart, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. kolente as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804100,Chiloglanis kabaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,kabaensis,,,,,"Schmidt & Friel, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. kabaensis as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804190,Chiloglanis dialloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,dialloi,,,,,"Schmidt & Pezold, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. dialloi as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804244,Chiloglanis loffabrevum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,loffabrevum,,,,,"Schmidt & Pezold, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. loffabrevum as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804330,Chiloglanis longibarbis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,longibarbis,,,,,"Schmidt & Friel, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. longibarbis as a distinct species endemic to the Moa River drainage (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804366,Chiloglanis pezoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,pezoldi,,,,,"Schmidt & Bart, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. pezoldi as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804407,Chiloglanis nzerekore,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,nzerekore,,,,,"Schmidt & Pezold, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. nzerekore as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804452,Chiloglanis tweddlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,tweddlei,,,,,"Schmidt & Friel, 2017","This species was previously thought to be Chiloglanis occidentalis; a presumed widespread species found throughout the region. Molecular and morphological differences confirmed C. tweddlei as a distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804515,Chiloglanis waterloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,waterloti,,,,,"Daget, 1954","Initially described as a subspecies of Chiloglanis niloticus (Daget, 1954); this species was subsequently considered a junior synonym of C. occidentalis a presumed widespread species. Molecular and morphological differences between this species in the Senegal and Niger River basins and topotypic C. occidentalis allowed C. waterloti to be removed from synonymy and recognized as distinct (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017)." 151804791,Chiloglanis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,occidentalis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1933","When described this species was reported to occur throughout West Africa. Recent works recognized that many populations of C. occidentalis were distinct species (Schmidt et al. 2016, 2017). Chiloglanis occidentalis is restricted to the Sassandra River and Volta Rivers in Cote D'Ivoire and the Pra River in Ghana (Schmidt et al. 2017). Evaluations of the taxonomic status of these populations are ongoing." 55714,Litoria chloronota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,chloronota,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 151805166,Amphilius rheophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,rheophilus,,,,,"Daget, 1959","Amphilius rheophilus was previously thought to be widespread throughout West Africa occurring from Sengal to Ghana. Recent studies have shown that Amphilius rheophilus was a species complex with many undescribed species. Amphilius rheophilus is restricted to the Rio Corubal and Gambie River drainages in Guinea and Senegal (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151805494,Amphilius sp. nov. 'Konkouré River',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'Konkouré River',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151805904,Amphilius sp. nov. 'Kokoulo River',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'Kokoulo River',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151805981,Amphilius sp. nov. 'Senegal River drainage',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'Senegal River drainage',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151806109,Amphilius sp. nov. 'Little Scarcies drainage',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'Little Scarcies drainage',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151806140,Amphilius sp. nov. 'Niger River drainage',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'Niger River drainage',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151806172,Amphilius sp. nov. 'Moa River drainage',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'Moa River drainage',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151806215,Amphilius sp. nov. 'Loffa River drainage',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'Loffa River drainage',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151806238,Amphilius sp. nov. 'St. Paul River drainage',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'St. Paul River drainage',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151806253,Amphilius sp. nov. 'St. John River drainage',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,sp. nov. 'St. John River drainage',,,,,,"This species was previously recognized as Amphilius rheophilus, a presumed widespread West African species. Molecular and morphological studies suggest that it is a distinct species (Schmidt and Pezold 2011, Schmidt 2014)." 151806574,Enteromius foutensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,foutensis,,,,,"(Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1988)",Enteromius foutensis was thought to be endemic to several river systems in the Fouta Djallon highlands in the Upper Guinean Forest. Recent work investigating the molecular and morphological variation within this species suggests that Enteromius foutensis is restricted to the Little Scarcies drainage in Guinea and Sierra Leone (Schmidt et al. 2019). 151806662,Enteromius sp. nov. '1 - Upper Konkoure River basin',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,sp. nov. '1 - Upper Konkoure River basin',,,,,,"This species was previously thought to be a part of Enteromius foutensis, which was considered endemic to several rivers in the Fouta Djallon highlands in the Upper Guinean Forests. Recent studies investigating the molecular and morphological variation within supposed E. foutensis populations suggest that the populations in the upper Konkoure River basin are distinct and should be recognized as a new species (Schmidt et al. 2019)." 151806685,Enteromius sp. nov. '2 - Upper Senegal and Gambie River basins',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,sp. nov. '2 - Upper Senegal and Gambie River basins',,,,,,"This species was previously thought to be a part of Enteromius foutensis, which was considered endemic to several rivers in the Fouta Djallon highlands in the Upper Guinean Forests. Recent studies investigating the molecular and morphological variation within supposed E. foutensis populations suggest that the populations in the upper Senegal and Gambie River basins are distinct and should be recognized as a new species (Schmidt et al. 2019)." 135863,Litoria chrisdahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,chrisdahli,,,,,"Richards, 2007", 151820206,Helicopsis filimargo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Helicopsis,filimargo,,,,,"(Krynicki, 1833)",Helicopsis paulhessei was formally synonymised by Balashov (2016) with Helicopsis filimargo filimargo. 58450,Cornufer batantae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,batantae,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1969)",Genus change from Platymantis to Cornufer (Brown et al. 2015). 58451,Cornufer bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1999)",Genus change from Platymantis to Cornufer (Brown et al. 2015). 58478,Cornufer punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,punctatus,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)",Genus change from Platymantis to Cornufer (Brown et al. 2015). 136156,Cornufer wuenscheorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,wuenscheorum,,,,,"(Günther, 2006)",Genus change from Platymantis to Cornufer (Brown et al. 2015). 57868,Hylophorbus infulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,infulatus,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)",Genus change from Mantophryne to Hylophorbus (Oliver et al. 2013). 58455,Cornufer cheesmanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,cheesmanae,,,,,"(Parker, 1940)",Genus change from Platymantis to Cornufer (Brown et al. 2015). Adults of this species resemble juveniles of Cornufer papuensis and individuals could be misidentified in the field. 58457,Cornufer cryptotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,cryptotis,,,,,"(Günther, 1999)", 60181,Rhynchobatus cooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINIDAE,Rhynchobatus,cooki,,,,,"Last, Kyne & Compagno, 2016",The Clown Wedgefish is a recently described small species of wedgefish (Last et al. 2016). It is a distinct species which is not likely to be confused with other Rhynchobatus species. 170421,Pseudocalotes brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Pseudocalotes,brevipes,,,,,"(Werner, 1904)", 151594796,Cruziohyla sylviae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Cruziohyla,sylviae,,,,,"Gray, 2018","This is a split from the broader concept of Cruziohyla calcarifer (Gray 2018)." 57789,Cophixalus tetzlaffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,tetzlaffi,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 135780,Cophixalus tridactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,tridactylus,,,,,"Günther, 2006", 57793,Copiula exspectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,exspectata,,,,,"Günther, 2002", 57795,Copiula major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,major,,,,,"Günther, 2002", 57797,Copiula obsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,obsti,,,,,"Günther, 2002", 57799,Copiula pipiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,pipiens,,,,,"Burton & Stocks, 1986", 58473,Cornufer nexipus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,nexipus,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1975)", 58480,Cornufer schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,schmidti,,,,,"(Brown & Tyler, 1968)", 58259,Cornufer vogti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,vogti,,,,,"(Hediger, 1934)", 55706,Litoria amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,amboinensis,,,,,"(Horst, 1883)", 55707,Litoria angiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,angiana,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species. 55708,Litoria arfakiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,arfakiana,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)",There is strong evidence that shows that Litoria arfakiana comprises more than one species (R. Guenther and S. Richards pers. comm.). 152010187,Calamophis katesandersae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Calamophis,katesandersae,,,,,"Murphy, 2012",This species was described from material originally attributed to Calamophis jobiensis by Murphy (2012). 152010238,Calamophis ruuddelangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Calamophis,ruuddelangi,,,,,"Murphy, 2012",This species was described from material originally attributed to Calamophis jobiensis by Murphy (2012). 152010314,Calamophis sharonbrooksae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOMALOPSIDAE,Calamophis,sharonbrooksae,,,,,"Murphy, 2012",This species was described from material originally attributed to Calamophis jobiensis by Murphy (2012). 152011620,Zygaspis arenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,arenicola,,,,,"Broadley & Broadley, 1997","Broadley and Broadley (1997) recognized two subspecies, Zygaspis vandami vandami and Z. v. arenicola, differing only with regard to the number of postoculars and the fusion of temporal head shields. Gans (2005) recognized these as separate species, although with no justification. Bates (2018) subsequently evaluated the taxonomic status of the two subspecies, and on the basis of differences in geographic range and ecology, as well as the recognized morphological differences, formally proposed recognizing Zygaspis arenicola as a distinct species applying an evolutionary species concept." 44575,Atlantoraja castelnaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Atlantoraja,castelnaui,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1907)", 170501,Batagur affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Batagur,affinis,,,,,"(Cantor, 1847)","Praschag et al. (2007, 2008) demonstrated that the widespread species Batagur baska comprised at least two genetically distinct species, and separated out B. affinis for the southern species occupying southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra in Indonesia, retaining the name B. baska for the more northern species from India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Praschag et al. (2009) further assessed the genetics and taxonomic status of a Cambodian relict subpopulation and eastern Peninsular Malaysian subpopulations and described them as the new subspecies B. affinis edwardmolli, with B. a. affinis occurring in western Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. Moll et al. (2015) reviewed the range-wide conservation biology and conservation status of the species." 10953,Batagur dhongoka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Batagur,dhongoka,,,,,"(Gray, 1832)", 10949,Batagur kachuga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Batagur,kachuga,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 10952,Batagur trivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Batagur,trivittata,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1835)", 4695,Chitra chitra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TRIONYCHIDAE,Chitra,chitra,,,,,"Nutphand, 1986","

Two subspecies are recognized, Chitra chitra chitra Nutphand, 1986 occurring in western Thailand and presumably Peninsular Malaysia, and Chitra chitra javanensis McCord & Pritchard, 2003 recorded from eastern Java and possibly extending to Sumatra.

" 9029,Geoclemys hamiltonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Geoclemys,hamiltonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 10824,Indotestudo elongata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Indotestudo,elongata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1853)", 12774,Manouria emys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Manouria,emys,,,,,"(Schlegel & Müller, 1840)","Taxonomic research is needed, particularly regarding subspecies and northeast Indian status." 22736027,Passer zarudnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,zarudnyi,,,,,"Pleske, 1896", 22684515,Eos reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eos,reticulata,,,,,"(Müller, 1841)", 22685508,Psittacula caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacula,caniceps,,,,,"(Blyth, 1846)", 152136779,Kryptopterus vitreolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,vitreolus,,,,,"Ng & Kottelat, 2013", 22708509,Zoothera machiki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,machiki,,,,,"(Forbes, 1883)", 22706894,Rhipidura opistherythra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHIPIDURIDAE,Rhipidura,opistherythra,,,,,"Sclater, 1883", 57800,Copiula tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,tyleri,,,,,"Burton, 1990", 57775,Cophixalus cheesmanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,cheesmanae,,,,,"Parker, 1934", 103761482,Cyornis nicobaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,nicobaricus,,,,,"(Richmond, 1902)","

Cyornis brunneatus and C. nicobaricus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Rhinomyias brunneatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22733672,Geokichla joiceyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,joiceyi,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1921)",

Geokichla joiceyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera joiceyi.

22708342,Geokichla schistacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,schistacea,,,,,"(Meyer, 1884)",

Geokichla schistacea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera schistacea.

18487,Pseudocampylaea lowii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Pseudocampylaea,lowii,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1835)","Seddon (2008) noted that it was possibly only a giant form of Pseudocampylaea portosanctana, but both have been found alive on Ilheu de Cima and, according to Wollaston (1878), there are a few other conchological differences besides size.

The species was originally assessed as 'Pseudocampylaea loweii' A. Férussac, 1835, however the correct specific epithet is 'lowii' (E. Neubert pers. comm. 2019)." 22714418,Horornis carolinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,carolinae,,,,,"(Rozendaal, 1987)",

Horornis carolinae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia carolinae.

 

22712086,Tachycineta euchrysea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,euchrysea,,,,,"(Gosse, 1847)", 22680816,Melanerpes pucherani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,pucherani,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1849)", 22682983,Aspatha gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Aspatha,gularis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1840)", 22729019,Glaucidium palmarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,palmarum,,,,,"Nelson, 1901", 22680843,Melanerpes hypopolius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,hypopolius,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22690891,Leptotila cassinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,cassinii,,,,,"Lawrence, 1867",Leptotila cassinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as L. cassini. 22690862,Leptotila plumbeiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,plumbeiceps,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1868", 22684447,Morococcyx erythropygus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Morococcyx,erythropygus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1842)", 22726352,Phaethornis mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,mexicanus,,,,,"Hartert, 1897","

Phaethornis longirostris, P. mexicanus and P. baroni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. longirostris following SACC (2005), and before then were also lumped with P. superciliosus as P. superciliosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22692565,Aramides axillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,axillaris,,,,,"Lawrence, 1863", 22687066,Campylopterus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,rufus,,,,,"Lesson, 1840", 22682980,Hylomanes momotula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Hylomanes,momotula,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1839", 22682292,Malacoptila panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,panamensis,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1847", 22688238,Atthis ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Atthis,ellioti,,,,,"Ridgway, 1878", 22692720,Laterallus flaviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,flaviventer,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Laterallus flaviventer (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously in the genus Hapalocrex (del Hoyo and Collar 2014). Stervander et al. (2019) found that Inaccessible Rail Atlantisia rogersi, Dot-winged Crake Porzana spiloptera and Yellow-breasted Crake Hapalocrex flaviventer nest within a clade of Laterallus crakes, with the first two grouped closely with Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis. It thus appears appropriate to move all three species to the genus Laterallus, and this option is adopted by BirdLife. 

Previously, the taxon had been placed in the genus Porzana." 22680847,Melanerpes pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1885)", 152267192,Cnemaspis godagedarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,godagedarai,,,,,"Silva, Bauer, Botejue & Karunarathna, 2019", 152269166,Smithophis atemporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Smithophis,atemporalis,,,,,"Giri, Gower, Das, Lalremsanga, Lalronunga, Captain & Deepak, 2019",Smithsophis atemporalis was described from a sample of Northeast Indian Rhabdophis previously confused with Rhabdophis (now Smithsophis atemporalis) (Giri et al. 2019). 22684337,Coccyzus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,minor,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 198510,Scincella cherriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincella,cherriei,,,,,"(Cope, 1893)", 22736398,Antrostomus arizonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,arizonae,,,,,"Brewster, 1881","Antrostomus arizonae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. Caprimulgus vociferus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into C. vociferus and C. arizonae following AOU (2010).

" 16926,Phelsuma guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 3989,Casarea dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOLYERIDAE,Casarea,dussumieri,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 11409,Leiolopisma telfairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leiolopisma,telfairii,,,,,"(Desjardin, 1831)", 22688202,Calypte costae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Calypte,costae,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1839)", 149163622,Parhelophilus crococoronatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Parhelophilus,crococoronatus,,,,,"Reemer, 2000",This species was previously considered synonymous with Parhelophilus frutetorum but the two species were separated in 2000 (Speight 2020). 149163644,Myathropa usta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Myathropa,usta,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1859)", 149165816,Eristalis picea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eristalis,picea,,,,,"(Fallén, 1817)",This species may be misidentified with Eristalis rupium (Speight 2020) and also with Eristalis obscura (Prokhorov and Popov 2017). 149168620,Eristalis tecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eristalis,tecta,,,,,"Vujić, Radenković, Nielsen & Šimić, 2004","The proper identification of this species, which is very similar to Eristalis nemorum (and Eristalis interrupta), is only possible using the specific key (Vujić et al. 2004)." 149168902,Anasimyia femorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Anasimyia,femorata,,,,,"Šimić, 1987",This species is recently described (2001) and might need genetic verification to confirm that it is a separate species. It is very close to Anasimyia transfuga which is a widespread species but has not been found in the same locality as Anasimyia femorata (Speight 2020). 149170078,Neocnemodon larusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Neocnemodon,larusi,,,,,"(Vujić, 1999)","

Vujić (1999) figures the male terminalia and discusses distinctions between this species and the closely similar Neocnemodon pubescens and Neocnemodon vitripennis. According to Vujić (1999) the body length of Neocnemodon larusi is 7-8.5 mm. The body length given for Neocnemodon larusi by Bartsch et al. (2009) is 4-6 mm, exactly the same as given by those authors for Neocnemodon pubescens. Delucchi and Pschorn-Walcher (1955) give the body length for Neocnemodon pubescens as 5.5-6.5 mm. Whether the small size of the Scandinavian Neocnemodon larusi specimens indicates a regional size difference or confusion with Neocnemodon pubescens is a moot point. Re-appraisal of central European Neocnemodon pubescens material would seem worthwhile. All this information has been extracted from Speight (2020).

" 149170214,Sphiximorpha petronillae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphiximorpha,petronillae,,,,,"Rondani, 1850",


149170457,Ceriana glaebosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Ceriana,glaebosa,,,,,"van Steenis & Ricarte, 2016",This species is very close to Ceriana vesipformis - it was quite recently split into two species by van Steenis et al. (2016). 149170563,Primocerioides regale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Primocerioides,regale,,,,,"Violovitsch, 1985", 149170583,Psilota exilistyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Psilota,exilistyla,,,,,"Smit & Vujić, 2008", 149170604,Psilota nana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Psilota,nana,,,,,"Smit & Vujić, 2008", 149170644,Sphiximorpha garibaldii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphiximorpha,garibaldii,,,,,"Rondani, 1860",
 149170677,Psilota anthracina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Psilota,anthracina,,,,,"Meigen, 1822",Some differences with the male genitalia showed in different publications suggest more than one species might be included inside Psilota anthracina (Speight 2020). 149170700,Platynochaetus macquarti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Platynochaetus,macquarti,,,,,"Loew, 1862","Described from Sicily, was a synonym of the North African species Platynochaetus rufus but is now confirmed as a valid species (Speight 2020)." 149170850,Volucella elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Volucella,elegans,,,,,"Loew, 1862", 152294642,Brachylophus gau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Brachylophus,gau,,,,,"Fisher, Niukula, Watling & Harlow, 2017","Prior to analysis by Keogh et al. (2008), all Fijian banded iguanas were lumped together as a single species (Brachylophus fasciatus). The Gau Banded Iguana, Brachylophus gau, was newly described in 2017 (Fisher et al. 2017) as being morphologically distinct from the Lau Banded Iguana (Brachylophus fasciatus) and from the Central Fijian Banded Iguana (Brachylophus bulabula)." 55731,Litoria longicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,longicrus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)",It is possible that the reports from Indonesia refer to undescribed species (Richards and Iskandar pers. comm.). 55732,Litoria louisiadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,louisiadensis,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)", 64791001,Andinoacara coeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,coeruleopunctatus,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 150123428,Archocentrus centrarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Archocentrus,centrarchus,,,,,"(Gill, 1877)", 150123724,Chortiheros wesseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chortiheros,wesseli,,,,,"(Miller, 1996)",

Říčan et al. (2016) moved this species from the genus Theraps into genus Chortiheros based partly on uncertainty in the original placement of this species discussed by Miller (1996) in its original description.

150123760,Chuco godmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chuco,godmanni,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 150123800,Chuco microphthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chuco,microphthalmus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 150123901,Cincelichthys bocourti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cincelichthys,bocourti,,,,,"(Vaillant & Pellegrin, 1902)", 152304950,Cribroheros diquis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,diquis,,,,,"(Bussing, 1974)", 152305090,Cribroheros longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,longimanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 152305261,Cribroheros rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,rostratus,,,,,"(Gill, 1877)", 152305420,Cryptoheros cutteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cryptoheros,cutteri,,,,,"(Fowler, 1932)", 152305758,Darienheros calobrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Darienheros,calobrensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 152305791,Geophagus crassilabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,crassilabris,,,,,"Steindachner, 1876", 152305910,Herotilapia multispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Herotilapia,multispinosa,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 152306028,Hypsophrys nicaraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hypsophrys,nicaraguensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 152306251,Neetroplus nematopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Neetroplus,nematopus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 152306277,Isthmoheros tuyrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Isthmoheros,tuyrensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 152306295,Kronoheros umbrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Kronoheros,umbrifer,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 152306325,Mesoheros atromaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mesoheros,atromaculatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1912)", 57826,Hylophorbus richardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,richardsi,,,,,"Günther, 2001", 57824,Hylophorbus nigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,nigrinus,,,,,"Günther, 2001", 22684328,Coccyzus erythropthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,erythropthalmus,,,,,"(Wilson, 1811)", 90330470,Scleropages inscriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Scleropages,inscriptus,,,,,"Roberts, 2012","Until 2003, all Scleropages from Southeast Asia were considered to belong to the same species; S. formosus. In 2003 Pouyaud et al., considered there to actually be four species, three of which they described as new (S. aureus, S. legendrei, S. macrocephalus). Kottelat and Widjanarti (2005) reviewed the published data and did not reach the same conclusions from the quality of the data presented, and in order for more than one species to be recognised, a professional standard study would need to be presented. In 2012, a new species (S. incriptus) was described from Myanmar (Roberts 2012)." 61783,Litoria kumae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,kumae,,,,,"Menzies & Tyler, 2004","This species has been separated from Litoria gracilenta (Menzies and Tyler 2004). We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55730,Litoria leucova,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,leucova,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)", 136072,Litoria hunti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,hunti,,,,,"Richards, Oliver, Dahl & Tjaturadi, 2006","The name Litoria hunti was emended to L. huntorum by Shea and Kraus (2007). However, according to Amphibian Species of the World, this is an unjustified emendation (Frost 2019: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php). We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Frost et al. (2006) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55726,Litoria impura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,impura,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55727,Litoria iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,iris,,,,,"(Tyler, 1962)","As currently recognized, this name possibly covers more than one taxon (S. Richards pers. comm.)." 55729,Litoria jeudii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,jeudii,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)",Provisionally treated under the genus Litoria. 55734,Litoria macki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,macki,,,,,"Richards, 2001","This species has been separated from Litoria gracilenta (Menzies and Tyler 2004). We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 155660662,Megascops asio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,asio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The form lambi was reassigned to Megascops asio from M. cooperi in del Hoyo and Collar (2014), however the claimed sympatry of lambi and M. cooperi (König et al. 2008) is not clear (T.S. Schulenberg in litt. 2019) and lambi is reassigned back to M. cooperi." 55735,Litoria majikthise,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,majikthise,,,,,"Johnston & Richards, 1994", 152334598,Amolops australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,australis,,,,,"Chan, Abraham, Grismer & Grismer, 2018",This is a split from the broader concept of Amolops larutensis (Chan et al. 2018). 152335587,Amolops gerutu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,gerutu,,,,,"Chan, Abraham, Grismer & Grismer, 2018","This is a split from the broader concept of Amolops larutensis, which it was previously confused with (Chan et al. 2018)." 152335940,Amolops mengdingensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,mengdingensis,,,,,"Yu, Wu & Yang, 2019", 152336041,Amolops shuichengicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,shuichengicus,,,,,"Lyu & Wang, 2019", 152340346,Leptobrachella bijie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,bijie,,,,,"Wang, Li, Li, Chen & Wang, 2019", 152341174,Leptobrachella purpuraventra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,purpuraventra,,,,,"Wang, Li, Li, Chen & Wang, 2019", 152341473,Litoria pinocchio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,pinocchio,,,,,"Oliver, Günther, Mumpun & Richards, 2019", 152342322,Cophixalus cateae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,cateae,,,,,"Richards & Günther, 2019", 152342422,Cophixalus hannahae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,hannahae,,,,,"Richards & Günther, 2019", 152342769,Oreophryne nicolasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,nicolasi,,,,,"Richards & Günther, 2019", 152342874,Diasporus amirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,amirae,,,,,"Arias, Chaves, Salazar, Salazar-Zúñiga & García-Rodríguez, 2019", 152342949,Diasporus darienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,darienensis,,,,,"Batista, Köhler, Mebert, Hertz & Vesely, 2016", 152342985,Diasporus majeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,majeensis,,,,,"Batista, Köhler, Mebert, Hertz & Vesely, 2016", 152343042,Diasporus pequeno,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,pequeno,,,,,"Batista, Köhler, Mebert, Hertz & Vesely, 2016", 152343129,Diasporus sapo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Diasporus,sapo,,,,,"Batista, Köhler, Mebert, Hertz & Vesely, 2016", 152343209,Callulops argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,argus,,,,,"Kraus, 2019", 152343348,Callulops bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,bicolor,,,,,"Kraus, 2019", 152343381,Callulops stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,stellatus,,,,,"Kraus, 2019", 152343432,Callulops taxispilotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,taxispilotus,,,,,"Kraus, 2019", 152343499,Callulops neuhaussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,neuhaussi,,,,,"(Vogt, 1911)",This species was resurrected from synonymy with Callulops doriae (Kraus 2019). 152343599,Callulops doriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,doriae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888","This is a restricted concept of Callulops doriae; C. bicolor, C. neuhaussi, C. taxispilotus, C. argus have been removed from the broader concept." 57825,Hylophorbus picoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,picoides,,,,,"Günther, 2001", 152355538,Boophis nauticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,nauticus,,,,,"Glaw, Hawlitschek, Glaw & Vences, 2019","Glaw et al. (2019) report that this species ""was previously considered as Rhacophorus tephraeomystax (Boettger 1913: 342), Boophis tephraeomystax (Meirte 1999, 2004), Boophis opisthodon (Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc 1993), Boophis n. sp. (Vences et al. 2003), Boophis (Sahona) new species Comoros (Glaw and Vences 2006), Boophis sp. 1 (Vieites et al. 2009), Boophis sp. Ca1 (Perl et al. 2014; Hutter et al. 2018), and Boophis sp. (Hawlitschek et al. 2011).""" 152355660,Blommersia transmarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,transmarina,,,,,"Glaw, Hawlitschek, Glaw & Vences, 2019","According to Glaw et al. (2019), this species was previously considered as Mantidactylus granulatus (Guibé 1978, Blommers-Schlösser and Blanc 1993; Meirte 1999, 2004), Mantidactylus n. sp. (Vences et al. 2003a), Blommersia new species Comoros (Glaw and Vences 2006), Blommersia sp. 4 (Vieites et al. 2009), Blommersia sp. Ca4 (Perl et al. 2014), and Blommersia sp. (Hawlitschek et al. 2011). Some of the records assigned to B. transmarina could, in truth, represent the newly described Blommersia nataliae (Vieites et al. 2020)." 136011,Hylophorbus rainerguentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,rainerguentheri,,,,,"Richards & Oliver, 2007", 152357977,Limnonectes savan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,savan,,,,,"Phimmachak, Richards, Sivongxay, Seateun, Chuaynkern, Makchai, Som & Stuart, 2019","Phimmachak et al. (2019), in the original description paper, placed this species in the subgenus Elachyglossa." 57828,Hylophorbus sextus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,sextus,,,,,"Günther, 2001", 57829,Hylophorbus tetraphonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,tetraphonus,,,,,"Günther, 2001", 57830,Hylophorbus wondiwoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,wondiwoi,,,,,"Günther, 2001", 57379,Lechriodus platyceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Lechriodus,platyceps,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 57380,Mixophyes hihihorlo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MYOBATRACHIDAE,Mixophyes,hihihorlo,,,,,"Donnellan, Mahony & Davies, 1990", 22686259,Amazona viridigenalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,viridigenalis,,,,,"(Cassin, 1853)", 57870,Mantophryne louisiadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Mantophryne,louisiadensis,,,,,"(Parker, 1934)", 57947,Mantophryne menziesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Mantophryne,menziesi,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)",Genus change from Pherohapsis to Mantophryne (Oliver et al. 2013). 55768,Nyctimystes daymani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,daymani,,,,,"Zweifel, 1958", 55770,Nyctimystes fluviatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,fluviatilis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1958", 55772,Nyctimystes granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,granti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 55773,Nyctimystes gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,gularis,,,,,"Parker, 1936", 152501278,Parmaturus angelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,angelae,,,,,"Soares, Carvalho, Schwingel & Gadig, 2019", 22718591,Anthus spragueii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,spragueii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1844)", 22728472,Centrocercus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Centrocercus,minimus,,,,,"Young, Braun, Oyler-McCance, Hupp & Quinn, 2000", 22728447,Otus alius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,alius,,,,,"Rasmussen, 1998", 115604734,Cnemaspis andalas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,andalas,,,,,"Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017","The two known populations of this species, one from the eastern Bukit Barisan and the other from the western part of the range, may represent different species (D.T. Iskandar pers. comm. 2019)." 22695028,Elanus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Elanus,caeruleus,,,,,"(Desfontaines, 1789)", 152524131,Cophixalus ateles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,ateles,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",Cophixalus sisyphus has been synonymized under this species by Kraus (2012). 22715363,Phylloscopus hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,hainanus,,,,,"Olsson, Alström & Colston, 1993", 22715497,Poodytes albolimbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Poodytes,albolimbatus,,,,,"D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879",

Poodytes albolimbatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Megalurus albolimbatus.

103661256,Sclerurus cearensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sclerurus,cearensis,,,,,"Snethlage, 1924","

Sclerurus scansor and S. cearensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. scansor following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 57744,Callulops stictogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,stictogaster,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)", 136099,Nyctimystes kuduki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,kuduki,,,,,"Richards, 2007", 55776,Nyctimystes montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,montanus,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 55778,Nyctimystes obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,obsoletus,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1900)", 55779,Nyctimystes oktediensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,oktediensis,,,,,"Richards & Johnston, 1993", 55780,Nyctimystes papua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,papua,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 57745,Callulops wilhelmanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,wilhelmanus,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1948)", 55777,Nyctimystes narinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,narinosus,,,,,"Zweifel, 1958", 55775,Nyctimystes kubori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,kubori,,,,,"Zweifel, 1958",This form might be a complex of more than one species (J. Menzies pers. comm.). 57765,Choerophryne allisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,allisoni,,,,,"Richards & Burton, 2003", 55709,Litoria aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,aruensis,,,,,"(Horst, 1883)","Many of the subpopulations currently identified as Litoria aruensis probably do not belong to this species, but are likely to represent other taxa related to L. gracilenta (S. Richards pers. comm.).

We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55715,Litoria congenita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,congenita,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 55716,Litoria contrastens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,contrastens,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)", 55717,Litoria darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1945)", 55719,Litoria dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,dorsalis,,,,,"Macleay, 1877", 55720,Litoria dorsivena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,dorsivena,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012). Records reported by Menzies and Zweifel (1974) from the Vogelkop Peninsula represent a different taxon and they are not included here within Litoria dorsivena (S. Richards pers. comm. 2004 and 2019)." 55721,Litoria elkeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,elkeae,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2000","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55723,Litoria exophthalmia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,exophthalmia,,,,,"Tyler, Davies & Aplin, 1986","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55724,Litoria graminea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,graminea,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016), and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012).

Richards and Oliver (2006) separated Litoria dux and L. sauroni from this species. The name Litoria graminea has been applied quite widely to canopy-dwelling treefrogs in New Guinea, but in some cases these refer to species that have not yet been described." 55725,Litoria havina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,havina,,,,,"Menzies, 1993", 55736,Litoria micromembrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,micromembrana,,,,,"(Tyler, 1963)",This form is a complex of composed of several species (S. Richards pers. comm.). 55737,Litoria modica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,modica,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species (R.W. Zweifel pers. comm.). 55738,Litoria mucro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,mucro,,,,,"Menzies, 1993", 55739,Litoria multiplica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,multiplica,,,,,"(Tyler, 1964)", 55740,Litoria mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,mystax,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1906)", 55741,Litoria napaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,napaea,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55742,Litoria nigropunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,nigropunctata,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)",This form is certainly a complex of closely related species (S. Richards pers. comm.). 55743,Litoria obtusirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,obtusirostris,,,,,"Meyer, 1875",This species will probably prove to be a synonym of Litoria nigropunctata (Richards pers. comm.). 55744,Litoria oenicolen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,oenicolen,,,,,"Menzies & Zweifel, 1974", 55745,Litoria ollauro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,ollauro,,,,,"Menzies, 1993", 55746,Litoria pratti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,pratti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)","Populations have been referred to this name from various parts of New Guinea, but only the true Litoria pratti is covered in this account (Steve Richards pers. comm.). We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55747,Litoria pronimia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,pronimia,,,,,"Menzies, 1993", 55748,Litoria prora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,prora,,,,,"(Menzies, 1969)", 55749,Litoria pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,pygmaea,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 55751,Litoria rubrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,rubrops,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2004", 55752,Litoria sanguinolenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,sanguinolenta,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1909)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55753,Litoria spinifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,spinifera,,,,,"(Tyler, 1968)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 55755,Litoria timida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,timida,,,,,"Tyler & Parker, 1972", 55756,Litoria umbonata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,umbonata,,,,,"Tyler & Davies, 1983", 55758,Litoria vocivincens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,vocivincens,,,,,"Menzies, 1972", 55759,Litoria wapogaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,wapogaensis,,,,,"Richards & Iskandar, 2001", 55761,Litoria wollastoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,wollastoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)",The status of populations in Papua New Guinea is unclear. More than one species might be included in this taxon (S. Richards pers. comm.). 55771,Nyctimystes foricula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,foricula,,,,,"Tyler, 1963", 55774,Nyctimystes humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,humeralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1912", 55781,Nyctimystes perimetri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,perimetri,,,,,"Zweifel, 1958","The Rossel Island subpopulations of this species are most likely a separate species (F. Kraus pers. comm. 2005). Menzies (2006) suggested that this species might possibly be extant in the Owen Stanley Mountain range, however this is highly unlikely (F. Kraus pers. comm. August 2019)." 55782,Nyctimystes persimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,persimilis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1958", 55783,Nyctimystes pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,pulcher,,,,,"(Wandolleck, 1911)", 55785,Nyctimystes semipalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,semipalmatus,,,,,"Parker, 1936", 55786,Nyctimystes trachydermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,trachydermis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1983", 55787,Nyctimystes tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,tyleri,,,,,"Zweifel, 1983", 55788,Nyctimystes zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,zweifeli,,,,,"Tyler, 1967", 57377,Lechriodus aganoposis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Lechriodus,aganoposis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1972", 57378,Lechriodus melanopyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LIMNODYNASTIDAE,Lechriodus,melanopyga,,,,,"(Doria, 1875)", 57661,Choerophryne brunhildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,brunhildae,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)", 57662,Choerophryne darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1948)",Choerophyne darlingtoni and C. fafniri are only distinguishable by their calls (R. Zweifel pers. comm.). 57663,Choerophryne fafniri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,fafniri,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)",This species and Choerophryne darlingtoni are distinguishable only by their calls (Zweifel pers. comm.). 57664,Choerophryne gudrunae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,gudrunae,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)", 57665,Choerophryne gunnari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,gunnari,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)", 57667,Choerophryne rhenaurum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,rhenaurum,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)", 57669,Choerophryne swanhildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,swanhildae,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)", 170913775,Choerophryne tubercula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,tubercula,,,,,"(Richards, Johnston & Burton, 1992)",This species is now restricted to the type locality (Ok Tedi headwaters region) as other records have been allocated to Choerophryne alainduboisi and other undescribed species (S. Richards pers. comm. July 2019). 57671,Choerophryne valkuriarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,valkuriarum,,,,,"(Menzies, 1999)",It is possible that this form comprises more than one species (A. Allison and R. Zweifel pers. comm.). 57685,Austrochaperina aquilonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,aquilonia,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000", 57686,Austrochaperina archboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,archboldi,,,,,"Zweifel, 2000", 57689,Austrochaperina brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,brevipes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 57691,Copiula guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Copiula,guttata,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Austrochaperina. Peloso et al. (2016) transferred the species to the genus Copiula. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change. 57692,Austrochaperina hooglandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,hooglandi,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1967)", 57695,Austrochaperina mehelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,mehelyi,,,,,"(Parker, 1934)", 57697,Austrochaperina palmipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Austrochaperina,palmipes,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1956)", 57731,Callulops comptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,comptus,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)", 57736,Callulops glandulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,glandulosus,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)", 57737,Callulops humicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,humicola,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)", 57739,Callulops marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,marmoratus,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2003", 57742,Callulops sagittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Callulops,sagittatus,,,,,"Richards, Burton, Cunningham & Dennis, 1995", 57766,Choerophryne longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,longirostris,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2001", 57768,Choerophryne rostellifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,rostellifer,,,,,"(Wandolleck, 1911)", 57773,Cophixalus bewaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,bewaniensis,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2000", 57776,Cophixalus cryptotympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,cryptotympanum,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956", 57777,Cophixalus daymani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,daymani,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956", 57778,Cophixalus kaindiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,kaindiensis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1979", 57782,Cophixalus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,parkeri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1948", 57783,Cophixalus pipilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,pipilans,,,,,"Zweifel, 1980", 57785,Cophixalus riparius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,riparius,,,,,"Zweifel, 1962", 57786,Cophixalus shellyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,shellyi,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956", 57787,Cophixalus sphagnicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,sphagnicola,,,,,"Zweifel & Allison, 1982", 57788,Cophixalus tagulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,tagulensis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1963", 57819,Sphenophryne thomsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,thomsoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1890)","This species has been moved from Genyophryne to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). However, this genus change is being challenged (Poyarkov et al. 2018). It is possible that this form comprises more than one species (A. Allison pers. comm.).

A single specimen deposited at the University of Papua New Guinea from the eastern end of the Huon Peninsula (Menzies 2006) is considered to be another species (F. Kraus pers. comm. August 2019)." 57827,Hylophorbus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Hylophorbus,rufescens,,,,,"Macleay, 1878","This genus is currently undergoing substantial revision and is being separated into many new species. Furthermore, the insular subspecies, Hylophorbus rufescens extimus from Tagula Island, and H.r. myopicus from Woodlark Island described by Zweifel (1972) clearly warrant full species status." 57861,Sphenophryne allisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,allisoni,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",Genus change from Liophryne to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57862,Sphenophryne dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,dentata,,,,,"Tyler & Menzies, 1971",Genus change from Liophryne to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57863,Sphenophryne rhododactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,rhododactyla,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)",Genus change from Liophryne to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57864,Sphenophryne rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,rubra,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",Genus change from Liophryne to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57865,Sphenophryne schlaginhaufeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,schlaginhaufeni,,,,,"Wandollek, 1911",Genus change from Liophryne to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57866,Sphenophryne similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,similis,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",Genus change from Liophryne  to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57869,Mantophryne lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Mantophryne,lateralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897",This is most likely a species complex (Oliver et al. 2013). 57901,Oreophryne albopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,albopunctata,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1909)", 57902,Oreophryne anthonyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,anthonyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 57904,Oreophryne asplenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,asplenicola,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57905,Oreophryne atrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,atrigularis,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Iskandar, 2001", 57906,Oreophryne biroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,biroi,,,,,"(Méhelÿ, 1897)",This species was recently redefined by Zweifel et al. (2003). 57907,Oreophryne brachypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,brachypus,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)", 57908,Oreophryne brevicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,brevicrus,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956", 57910,Oreophryne clamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,clamata,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57911,Oreophryne crucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,crucifer,,,,,"(Van Kampen, 1913)", 57912,Oreophryne flava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,flava,,,,,"Parker, 1934",The taxonomic status of some populations assigned to this species is unclear. 57914,Oreophryne geislerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,geislerorum,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)", 57915,Oreophryne hypsiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,hypsiops,,,,,"Zweifel, Menzies & Price, 2003",There is uncertainty around the validity of this species (F. Kraus pers. comm. August 2019). 57916,Oreophryne idenburgensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,idenburgensis,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956", 57917,Oreophryne inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,inornata,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956",Subpopulations on the two islands may be taxonomically distinct and need to be evaluated with call analysis (F. Kraus pers. comm. August 2019). 57918,Oreophryne insulana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,insulana,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956",Subpopulations on the two islands may be taxonomically distinct and need to be evaluated with call analysis (F. Kraus pers. comm. August 2019). Records reported by Menzies from the mainland are Oreophryne equus (F. Kraus pers. comm. August 2019). 57920,Oreophryne kampeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,kampeni,,,,,"Parker, 1934", 57921,Oreophryne kapisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,kapisa,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57922,Oreophryne loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,loriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)",Recordings of the call from the type locality are needed to stabilize the identification of this species. We follow Menzies (1976) in recognizing that this species is distinct from Oreophryne biroi. 57923,Oreophryne minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,minuta,,,,,"Richards & Iskandar, 2000", 57926,Oreophryne notata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,notata,,,,,"Zweifel, 2003", 57928,Oreophryne pseudasplenicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,pseudasplenicola,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57930,Oreophryne sibilans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,sibilans,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57931,Oreophryne unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,unicolor,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57933,Oreophryne waira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,waira,,,,,"Günther, 2003", 57934,Oreophryne wapoga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,wapoga,,,,,"Günther, Richards & Iskandar, 2001",It is not clear whether or not populations on Yapen Island represent this species. 57935,Oreophryne wolterstorffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,wolterstorffi,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)", 57940,Sphenophryne alpestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,alpestris,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Oxydactyla. Peloso et al. (2016) transferred the species to the genus Copiula. This is not a reassessment of the status of this species; instead it is an updated version of the original assessment to reflect this taxonomic change. 57941,Sphenophryne brevicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,brevicrus,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1913)","Following the synonymy of the genus Oxydactyla with Sphenophryne, this species has become Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017)." 57942,Sphenophryne coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,coggeri,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",Genus change from Oxydactyla to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57943,Sphenophryne crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,crassa,,,,,"Zweifel, 1956",Genus change from Oxydactyla to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 57944,Sphenophryne stenodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,stenodactyla,,,,,"(Zweifel, 2000)",Genus change from Oxydactyla to Sphenophryne (Rivera et al. 2017). 58005,Sphenophryne cornuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Sphenophryne,cornuta,,,,,"Peters & Doria, 1878","This species is a species complex, and further taxonomic work is required for delineation (S. Richards and B. Tjaturadi pers. comm. July 2019)." 58027,Xenorhina fuscigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,fuscigula,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58029,Xenorhina huon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,huon,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58030,Xenorhina macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,macrops,,,,,"Van Kampen, 1913", 58031,Xenorhina mehelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,mehelyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 58032,Xenorhina multisica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,multisica,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58033,Xenorhina obesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,obesa,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1960)", 58034,Xenorhina ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,ocellata,,,,,"van Kampen, 1913", 58035,Xenorhina ophiodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,ophiodon,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 58036,Xenorhina rostrata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,rostrata,,,,,"(Méhelÿ, 1898)", 58037,Xenorhina scheepstrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,scheepstrai,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58038,Xenorhina schiefenhoeveli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,schiefenhoeveli,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58039,Xenorhina subcrocea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,subcrocea,,,,,"(Menzies & Tyler, 1977)", 58040,Xenorhina tumulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,tumulus,,,,,"(Blum & Menzies, 1989)", 58041,Xenorhina zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,zweifeli,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2002)", 58043,Xenorhina arboricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,arboricola,,,,,"Allison & Kraus, 2000", 58046,Xenorhina minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,minima,,,,,"(Parker, 1934)", 58047,Xenorhina oxycephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,oxycephala,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1858)", 58048,Xenorhina parkerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,parkerorum,,,,,"Zweifel, 1972", 58049,Xenorhina similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,similis,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1956)", 58547,Papurana arfaki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,arfaki,,,,,"(Meyer, 1875)",This is a complex of several species (Donnellan et al. 2010). 58552,Papurana aurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,aurata,,,,,"(Günther, 2003)", 58602,Papurana garritor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,garritor,,,,,"(Menzies, 1987)", 58610,Papurana grisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,grisea,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1913)","The name Rana (= Hylarana) grisea has been promiscuously applied to most large members of the Hylarana papua group throughout the uplands of New Guinea (both Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) and from the island of Seram (Indonesia) (Kraus and Allison 2007). However, studies show that name can currently only be applied with certainty to material from the type locality, whereas frogs from everywhere else are currently of uncertain species placement, although some or many of them may turn out to be true H. grisea (Kraus and Allison 2007). For the purposes of this assessment, until new information becomes available, we restrict H. grisea to its type locality." 58626,Papurana jimiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,jimiensis,,,,,"(Tyler, 1963)", 58682,Papurana novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,novaeguineae,,,,,"(van Kampen, 1909)",This form is probably a complex of more than one species. 58691,Papurana papua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,papua,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)", 58725,Papurana supragrisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,supragrisea,,,,,"(Menzies, 1987)","This name is currently used for a complex of more than one species, which collectively range widely in the mountains of New Guinea (Kraus and Allison 2007). True Papurana supragrisea occurs in the southeast of New Guinea, including the D'Entrecasteaux Islands, but its distributional limits are uncertain (Kraus and Allison 2007). In this account we continue to use this name for the whole complex, pending resolution of these taxonomic issues." 58748,Papurana volkerjane,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,volkerjane,,,,,"(Günther, 2003)", 61781,Litoria auae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,auae,,,,,"Menzies & Tyler, 2004","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012).

This species was separated from Litoria gracilenta (Menzies and Tyler 2004)." 61784,Litoria multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,multicolor,,,,,"Günther, 2004", 61785,Litoria singadanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,singadanae,,,,,"Richards, 2005", 61786,Litoria umarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,umarensis,,,,,"Günther, 2004", 61787,Litoria verae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,verae,,,,,"Günther, 2004", 61843,Choerophryne exclamitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,exclamitans,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2005)", 61844,Choerophryne sanguinopicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,sanguinopicta,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2005)", 61854,Oreophryne alticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,alticola,,,,,"Zweifel, Cogger and Richards, 2005", 61855,Oreophryne brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,brevirostris,,,,,"Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005", 61856,Oreophryne geminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,geminus,,,,,"Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005", 61857,Oreophryne habbemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,habbemensis,,,,,"Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005", 61858,Oreophryne terrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,terrestris,,,,,"Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005", 135764,Litoria biakensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,biakensis,,,,,"Günther, 2006", 135765,Litoria dux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,dux,,,,,"Richards & Oliver, 2006","Richards and Oliver (2006) separated this species from Litoria graminea. This species was synonymised with Litoria graminea by Kraus (2018), however it was resurrected again by Oliver et al. (2019) on the basis of genetic distance and morphological differences." 135804,Litoria rivicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,rivicola,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2005","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 135895,Litoria purpureolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,purpureolata,,,,,"Oliver, Richards, Tjaturadi & Iskandar, 2007","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Duellman et al. (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 135896,Litoria spartacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,spartacus,,,,,"Richards & Oliver, 2006", 135897,Litoria humboldtorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,humboldtorum,,,,,"Günther, 2006", 135967,Cornufer sulcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,sulcatus,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2007)", 135992,Cophixalus misimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,misimae,,,,,"Richards & Oliver, 2007", 136013,Cornufer nakanaiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,nakanaiorum,,,,,"(Brown, Foufopoulos & Richards, 2006)",It appears as though there may be two species within this taxonomic concept; further work is needed to clarify its taxonomic status (S. Richards pers. comm. July 2019). 136016,Nyctimystes sauroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Nyctimystes,sauroni,,,,,"(Richards & Oliver, 2006)","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012). This species has now been moved to Nyctimystes (Kraus 2018).

Richards and Oliver (2006) separated this species from Litoria graminea." 136025,Litoria fuscula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,fuscula,,,,,"Oliver & Richards, 2007","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 136040,Papurana milneana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,milneana,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1948)",Kraus and Allison (2007) resurrected this species from the synonymy of Rana daemeli. It is closely related to R. aurata and R. volkerjane. 136077,Xenorhina macrodisca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,macrodisca,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2005", 136085,Litoria megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,megalops,,,,,"Richards & Iskandar, 2006", 136117,Litoria rara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,rara,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2005","We depart from the taxonomy of Pelodryadidae proposed by Dubois and Frétey (2016) and retain the composition of Litoria and Nyctimystes as previously recognised, following Clulow and Swan (2018) and Kraus (2012)." 136121,Xenorhina varia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,varia,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2005", 136151,Xenorhina lanthanites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Xenorhina,lanthanites,,,,,"(Günther & Knop, 2006)", 136159,Papurana waliesa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,waliesa,,,,,"(Kraus & Allison, 2007)", 136161,Choerophryne burtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,burtoni,,,,,"Richards, Dahl & Hiaso, 2007", 136164,Litoria richardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,richardsi,,,,,"Dennis & Cunningham, 2006", 136177,Litoria hilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,hilli,,,,,"Hiaso & Richards, 2006","F. Kraus (pers. comm.) and S. Richards (pers. comm.) consider that Litoria rostandi Kraus, 2007 is a synonym of L. hilli." 136190,Litoria scabra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,scabra,,,,,"Günther & Richards, 2005", 158633,Litoria christianbergmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,christianbergmanni,,,,,"Günther, 2008","This species has affinities to the Litoria nigropunctata species-group according to the original publication (Günther 2008).
" 158634,Litoria mareku,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,mareku,,,,,"Günther, 2008", 201489,Litoria bibonius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,bibonius,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2004", 201490,Litoria flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODRYADIDAE,Litoria,flavescens,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2004", 82498195,Cornufer custos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,custos,,,,,"(Richards, Oliver & Brown, 2015)", 89254299,Cophixalus rajampatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,rajampatensis,,,,,"Günther, Richards, Tjaturadi, & Krey, 2015", 89254960,Cophixalus salawatiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophixalus,salawatiensis,,,,,"Günther, Richards, Tjaturadi, & Krey, 2015", 89255631,Choerophryne epirrhina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,epirrhina,,,,,"Iannella, Oliver, & Richards, 2015", 89255717,Choerophryne grylloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Choerophryne,grylloides,,,,,"Iannella, Oliver, & Richards, 2015", 22693414,Calidris acuminata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,acuminata,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22690733,Ectopistes migratorius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ectopistes,migratorius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 103764950,Carduelis carduelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carduelis,carduelis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Carduelis carduelis and C. caniceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. carduelis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); Christidis & Boles (2008); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Turbott (1990).

" 22736393,Antrostomus vociferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,vociferus,,,,,"(Wilson, 1812)","Antrostomus vociferus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. Caprimulgus vociferus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into C. vociferus and C. arizonae following AOU (2010).

" 22680373,Aythya nyroca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,nyroca,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1770)", 22702652,Limnoctites rectirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Limnoctites,rectirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1839", 103838531,Pyrrhula waterstradti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,waterstradti,,,,,"Hartert, 1902","

Pyrrhula nipalensis and P. waterstradti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. nipalensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22733646,Amazilia humboldtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,humboldtii,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)","Amazilia humboldtii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Hylocharis. Hylocharis grayi (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously split into H. grayi and H. humboldtii following SACC (2006).

" 22729286,Scytalopus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,fuscus,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22702585,Thripophaga cherriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripophaga,cherriei,,,,,"Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902", 22718856,Ploceus burnieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,burnieri,,,,,"Baker & Baker, 1990", 22715535,Megalurulus llaneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurulus,llaneae,,,,,"(Hadden, 1983)", 22715529,Megalurulus grosvenori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurulus,grosvenori,,,,,"(Gilliard, 1960)", 22718564,Anthus roseatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,roseatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1847", 22708375,Geokichla citrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,citrina,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)",

Geokichla citrina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera citrina.

22705602,Platylophus galericulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYLOPHIDAE,Platylophus,galericulatus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)","Some confusion has existed over names applied to subspecies; proposed names scapulatus and ardesiacus (both with vague type localities in Java) are treated as synonyms of nominate. Subspecies lemprieri sometimes thought to be part of a cline and perhaps of doubtful validity, but accepted by recent authors (Eaton et al. 2016). Four subspecies recognized." 22735899,Cyornis banyumas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,banyumas,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22697997,Pterodroma longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,longirostris,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1893)", 22698084,Pterodroma incerta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,incerta,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1863)", 22698252,Puffinus huttoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,huttoni,,,,,"Mathews, 1912", 132467692,Puffinus newelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,newelli,,,,,"Henshaw, 1900","Puffinus newelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been split into P. newelli and P. myrtae (which see) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018). Martínez-Gómez et al. (2015) found molecular evidence that Newell’s Shearwater Puffinus newelli and Townsend’s Shearwater P. auricularis are conspecific. Although they mention the morphological analysis in del Hoyo and Collar (2014: p386) which gave a Tobias score of 7 to newelli, these authors did not consider the characters in question: larger size (an effect size of 3.29 on tail length yielded a score of 2; new data in Shirihai et al. [2017] yields an effect size of 2.41, thus again a score of 2); cleaner-cut head pattern (score 1); bolder, squarer neck mark (score 2); all-white undertail-coverts (score 2); plus darker upperparts (scored 1 but uncounted).

(These characters and scores are revised below.)

Martínez-Gómez et al. (2015) also mentioned that ‘Howell (2012) proposed a separate treatment based on their differences in morphology, breeding chronology (Ainley et al. 1997; Bourne et al. 1988), and breeding ecology (Spear et al. 1995)’ [NB these citations in quotation marks are not in the reference list below]. Thus it appears that there are behavioural and ecological differences between the taxa in addition to the morphological ones. Martínez-Gómez et al. (2015) cited the case of Charadrius dealbatus as one in which morphological characters are strong but genetic ones non-existent, but they did not mention that del Hoyo and Collar (2014) accepted the morphological characters despite the genetic evidence. In the present case it seems appropriate to continue to consider that two species are involved, pending confirmation of the authors’ molecular work, clarification of the accuracy of the scoring used to maintain the split of newelli in del Hoyo and Collar (2014), and evidence of the behavioural and ecological differences between the taxa.

However, Martínez-Gómez et al. (2015) also found that P. n. myrtae, ‘Rapa Shearwater’, is genetically more distinct from newelli than newelli is from auricularis. On this basis they propose that myrtae be treated as a full species. Such an arrangement is supported by Shirihai et al. (2017), who noted:

Rapa Shearwater is much smaller (in all biometric characters) than the other two taxa…, and is furthermore highly distinctive in having a unique combination of white undertail-coverts (vs. dark in both newelli and auricularis) and whitish inner webs to the remiges, as well as a white face.

There is a contradiction here with del Hoyo and Collar (2014), where the undertail-coverts of newelli, compared to auricularis, are given as ‘white vs white-edged grey’. Further consideration of this point, by examining images online and Plate 16.1 in Howell (2012: 147), indicate that auricularis has marginally more extensive black undertail-coverts than newelli. However, the information contained in Howell (2012) and the references he cited, plus that conveyed in Howell’s Plate 16.1, lead to somewhat differently scored and parsed characters for newelli vs auricularis:  larger size (effect size 2.41 [see above]: 2);  cleaner-cut and blacker head- and neck-sides (2);  more white on undertail-coverts (1); darker upperparts (1); somewhat different feeding ecology, using less upwelled, more stratified waters with more turbulent meteorological features (Spear et al. 1995; allow 1); breeding chronology (Ainley et al. 1997; no score allowed).

By this means newelli continues to achieve species rank under the Tobias criteria. We therefore retain P. newelli as a separate species from P. auricularis until independent genetic analysis supports Martínez-Gómez et al. (2015) and/or until a new full assessment of morphological characters, and of the behavioural/ecological evidence, can be undertaken." 22696649,Papasula abbotti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Papasula,abbotti,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1893)", 6557,Diceros bicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,RHINOCEROTIDAE,Diceros,bicornis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","There is significant population genetic differentiation between all three extant subspecies of Black Rhinoceros (hereafter Black Rhino) recognised by the IUCN SSC African Rhinoceros Specialist Group (AfRSG) (Harley et al. 2005), and the differences are consistent with them being considered subspecies although it is unlikely that outbreeding depression would occur in any mix of these populations (E. Harley pers. comm. 2016).

Subsequent classification analyses of RhoDIS DNA samples (originally undertaken primarily for forensic purposes) also strongly supported use of the current three surviving subspecies classification at a continental level. It also indicated that Diceros bicornis minor samples could be further subdivided into those of Zambesi, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) or mixed Zambesi/KZN origin (Emslie 2018, Harper et al. 2018). Moodley et al. (2017) also found this partitioning of D. b. minor. The populations founded with KZN animals were found to be less genetically diverse than ones derived from Zambesi animals due to a relatively recent severe bottleneck (Emslie 2018, Harper et al. 2018). Data indicates that most of the genetic diversity has been recovered in the large mixed KZN/Zambesi founded population in the Kruger National Park (C. Harper pers. comm. 2018).

Strong support for continuing to use the three remaining subspecies/management units also comes from  independent work on different DNA datasets by Moodley et al. (2017) and Le Roex (2018).  Moodley et al.'s (2017) analyses were based on wide sampling of rhino DNA from existing populations as well as from 217 museum specimens worldwide (covering many areas where Black Rhino have since been extirpated). This work found that that 69% of the species' mitochondrial genetic variation has been lost. Based on nuclear and mitochondrial data from Moodley et al. (2017) four surviving Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU's) were identified for Black Rhino. Three of these ESU's (SC, EA and CE haplogroups/populations) were found to be co-occurring with secondary contact having occurred in East Africa. An East African Community Rhino Management Group meeting which had a focus on African rhino genetics (and was also attended by some IUCN SSC AfRSG and Conservation Specialist Group members) recommended that due to this co-occurrence, these three ESU's in East Africa should constitute and be managed as a single Eastern Black Rhino Management Unit Cluster (equivalent to D. b. michaeli). While Moodley et al.'s (2017) data also indicated there was  a single surviving Evolutionary Significant Unit in Southern Africa, microsatellite data further indicated  this Southern ESU should be subdivided  into South Western and South Eastern Black Rhino Management Unit Clusters. These two southern African Management Unit Clusters are equivalent to D. b. bicornis (SW haplogroup) and D. b. minor (SE and SN haplogroups) subspecies respectively).

Moodley et al.'s (2017) study also found that the historic range of the Western Black Rhino (D. b. longipes) that has been declared Extinct extends into an inter-crossed predominantly D. b. michaeli population in the Masai Mara (CV haplogroup). However, very few individuals with this CV haplotype probably survive. 

Thus there was agreement across different studies that used different data sets and different analytical methods that the three recommended Management Unit Clusters mapped closely onto and supporting the existing three surviving Black Rhino subspecies classification.

All studies found that differences were  greatest between D. b. michaeli and the other two southern African subspecies  D. b. minor and D. b. bicornis. Putative subspecies boundaries in current species plans also in part reflect climatic and habitat differences as well as taking into account potential barriers to movement such as the “Transkei gap”. 

Based on very small sample sizes, Moodley et al.'s (2017) results suggested that perhaps the original historical Black Rhino that used to occur in Zambia but which had been wiped out by poaching by 1995 might be better classified as D. b. michaeli than D. b. minor. However, on account of the small sample sizes, and given that the species was reintroduced with D. b. minor founders, and that historically Zambia had been considered D. b. minor range, and climate and habitats are more similar to some D. b. minor range; reviewers recommended that historical pre-1995 Zambian animals should continue to be allocated to D. b. minor  for this Red List revision (as has historically been the case). With further data this may change in future. As there were still significant numbers of Black Rhinos in Zambia in the early 1970s how these animals are allocated influences the D. b. minor subspecies Red List assessment which would change to Endangered under criteria A2 and A4. The D. b. michaeli assessment remains the same whether or not the historical animals are classified as D. b. minor or D. b. michaeli.      

" 152781715,Hexanchus vitulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,HEXANCHIFORMES,HEXANCHIDAE,Hexanchus,vitulus,,,,,"Springer & Waller, 1969",The taxonomic concept for Bigeye Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus nakamurai) has been revised and the Atlantic Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus vitulus) has now been resurrected to a separate species that occurs in the Western Central Atlantic Ocean (Daly-Engel et al. 2019). 60344,Anguilla anguilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,anguilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Other Anguilla species have occasionally been stocked in Europe, but none have established a self-sustaining population. Pure A. rostrata (American Eel) have been recorded but are relatively rare (Boëtius 1976). Stocking attempts are likely to have caused this (Frankowski et al. 2008, Marohn et al. 2014). DNA analysis is the best tool to distinguish between the European Eel and other species (e.g. Frankowski et al. 2008), but A. rostrata have fewer vertebrae than A. anguilla (102–112, usually 106–108, vs. 111–119, usually 114–116). Hybrids have been found as larvae in the Sargasso Sea (Als et al. 2011, Pujolar et al. 2014a) and as yellow eels in Iceland where pure A. rostrata and A. anguilla also exist (Albert et al. 2006).

" 22685533,Cyanopsitta spixii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyanopsitta,spixii,,,,,"(Wagler, 1832)", 153031021,Cnemaspis muria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,muria,,,,,"Riyanto, Munir, Martamenggala, Fitriana & Hamidy, 2019", 54887,Mertensophryne anotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Mertensophryne,anotis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)","Specimens from coastal northeastern Mozambique and Mount Lico in Mozambique have been shown to be genetically similar to specimens from the type locality at Chirinda in Zimbabwe (W. Conradie pers. comm. 2020, Farooq et al. 2015). They are therefore accepted as valid records of this species. However, the relatively large geographic distances between the different known subpopulations may have resulted in long term isolation and led to distinct and non-interbreeding populations (Farooq et al. 2015). Further taxonomic work would be useful, in particular to determine whether the northeastern coastal Mozambique subpopulation is a separate species. Furthermore, the similarities between Mertensophryne anotis and Mertensophryne loveridgei in Tanzania to the north requires further investigation (W. Conradie pers. comm. 2020) and may provide further clarity regarding the identify of the northeastern coastal Mozambique subpopulation." 153198442,Mollisquama mississippiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,DALATIIDAE,Mollisquama,mississippiensis,,,,,"Grace, Doosey, Denton, Naylor, Bart & Maisey, 2019","This species is known only from the holotype collected in 2010. It is distinct from Mollisquama parini Dolganov, 1984, the only other member of the genus (Grace et al. 2015, Grace et al. 2019)." 153293497,Cnemaspis shevaroyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,shevaroyensis,,,,,"Khandekar, Gaitonde & Agarwal, 2019", 153293524,Cnemaspis thackerayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,thackerayi,,,,,"Khandekar, Gaitonde & Agarwal, 2019", 153293539,Trimeresurus arunachalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,arunachalensis,,,,,"Captain, Deepak, Pandit, Bhatt & Athreya, 2019","The closest related species to Trimeresurus arunachalensis is T. tibetanus (Captain et al. 2019). Therefore, under the general proposed by Malhotra and Thorpe (2004) both species would be in the genus Himalayophis." 195086,Etropus longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,longimanus,,,,,"Norman, 1933", 190188,Etropus microstomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,microstomus,,,,,"(Gill, 1864)", 114175910,Beliops batanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PLESIOPIDAE,Beliops,batanensis,,,,,"Smith-Vaniz & Johnson, 1990", 114176003,Manonichthys winterbottomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Manonichthys,winterbottomi,,,,,"Gill, 2004", 153631945,Micryletta nigromaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Micryletta,nigromaculata,,,,,"Poyarkov, Nguyen, Duong, Gorin & Yang, 2018", 153632261,Microhyla fodiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,fodiens,,,,,"Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanan & Che, 2019", 153632417,Microhyla irrawaddy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,irrawaddy,,,,,"Poyarkov, Gorin, Zaw, Kretova, Gogoleva, Pawangkhanant & Che, 2019", 153632728,Fejervarya kupitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Fejervarya,kupitzi,,,,,"Köhler, Mogk, Khaing & Than, 2019", 174548,Macromia cydippe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,cydippe,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1922", 22724673,Xanthopsar flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Xanthopsar,flavus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22701205,Piprites pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Piprites,pileata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22705159,Vireo atricapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,atricapilla,,,,,"Woodhouse, 1852", 22680726,Picumnus minutissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,minutissimus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1782)", 22724802,Setophaga flavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,flavescens,,,,,"Todd, 1909",

Setophaga flavescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

22720863,Melamprosops phaeosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Melamprosops,phaeosoma,,,,,"Casey & Jacobi, 1974", 22724010,Psarocolius cassini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Psarocolius,cassini,,,,,"(Richmond, 1898)", 114176047,Pseudochromis colei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,colei,,,,,"Herre, 1933", 47407523,Pseudochromis eichleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PSEUDOCHROMIDAE,Pseudochromis,eichleri,,,,,"Gill, Allen & Erdmann, 2012", 22699773,Xenotriccus callizonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Xenotriccus,callizonus,,,,,"Dwight & Griscom, 1927", 22694064,Vanellus leucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,leucurus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22702514,Asthenes luizae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,luizae,,,,,"Vieillard, 1990", 62026481,Gelochelidon nilotica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Gelochelidon,nilotica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Gelochelidon nilotica and G. macrotarsa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Sterna and lumped as S. nilotica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22703389,Grallaricula lineifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,lineifrons,,,,,"(Chapman, 1924)", 22705672,Cyanolyca nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanolyca,nanus,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1847)","

Cyanolyca armillata and C. quindiuna (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. armillata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22680247,Spatula clypeata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Spatula,clypeata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Spatula clypeata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Anas. 22693862,Charadrius leschenaultii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,leschenaultii,,,,,"Lesson, 1826", 22680301,Anas acuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,acuta,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22680804,Melanerpes herminieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,herminieri,,,,,"(Lesson, 1830)", 22735467,Hypocnemis cantator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,cantator,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22682186,Jacamaralcyon tridactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Jacamaralcyon,tridactyla,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22690898,Leptotila conoveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,conoveri,,,,,"Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1943", 22689826,Eleothreptus candicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eleothreptus,candicans,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1867)", 154030088,Chiasmocleis parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,parkeri,,,,,"Almendáriz C., Brito-M., Batallas-R., Vaca-Guerrero & Ron, 2017", 154032280,Craugastor blairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,blairi,,,,,"(Barbour, 1928)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Craugastor podiciferus by Arias et al. (2019) where it had previously been placed by Taylor (1952). 154032877,Craugastor sagui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,sagui,,,,,"Arias, Hertz & Parra-Olea, 2019","This is a split from the broader concept of Craugastor podiciferus (Arias et al. 2019)." 154032898,Craugastor zunigai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,zunigai,,,,,"Arias, Hertz & Parra-Olea, 2019",This is a split from the broader concept of Craugastor podiciferus (Arias et al. 2019). 22705146,Vireo masteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,masteri,,,,,"Salaman & Stiles, 1996", 22690328,Patagioenas subvinacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,subvinacea,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1868)", 22685448,Alexandrinus eques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Alexandrinus,eques,,,,,"(Newton & Newton, 1876)","Alexandrinus eques (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously listed as Psittacula eques (del Hoyo et al. 2014). Braun et al. (2019) report the situation where the parrot genera Psittinus, Tanygnathus and Mascarinus nest genetically within Psittacula, meaning that either Psittacula replaces these latter three genera or it breaks down into monophyletic genera of their own. The latter course is preferred, building on Braun et al. (2016), where several genera were established, including Alexandrinus for P. krameri, P. eques and P. exsul." 22689778,Antrostomus carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,carolinensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Antrostomus carolinensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22696916,Egretta rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,rufescens,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22729451,Myiopagis olallai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiopagis,olallai,,,,,"Coopmans & Krabbe, 2000", 154089104,Microkayla huayna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,huayna,,,,,"De la Riva, Cortez F. & Burrowes, 2017", 22722799,Chlorochrysa nitidissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chlorochrysa,nitidissima,,,,,"Sclater, 1873", 155158,Psettina hainanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Psettina,hainanensis,,,,,"(Wu & Tang, 1935)", 62293391,Psittacara wagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,wagleri,,,,,"(G. R. Gray, 1845)","Psittacara wagleri and P. frontatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Aratinga and lumped as A. wagleri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 164916,Adenomera coca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Adenomera,coca,,,,,"(Angulo & Reichle, 2008)",


78584355,Microkayla teqta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,teqta,,,,,"(De la Riva & Burrowes, 2014)", 154107179,Nototriton costaricense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,costaricense,,,,,"Arias & Kubicki, 2018", 55113,Allobates mcdiarmidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,mcdiarmidi,,,,,"(Reynolds & Foster, 1992)", 190979,Ameerega boehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,boehmei,,,,,"Lötters, Schmitz, Reichle, Rödder & Quennet, 2009","This species was originally included within Dendrobates flavopictus (Gans 1960) and later allocated to Ameerega picta by Silverstone (1976). After re-examination of the original material the frogs were subsequently included within Ameerega braccata (Morales 2001). Prior to their description as a full species, Lötters et al. (2007) provisionally restored the massif populations in Ameerega flavopicta." 22708670,Hylocichla mustelina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Hylocichla,mustelina,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22724722,Molothrus armenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Molothrus,armenti,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851","

Molothrus aeneus and M. armenti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. aeneus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 154195907,Kerivoula depressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,depressa,,,,,"Miller, 1906",This species belongs to the hardwickii species complex (See Tu et al. 2018) and has been recognized as a distinct species (Simmons and Cirranello 2020). 89183450,Cryptotriton xucaneborum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Cryptotriton,xucaneborum,,,,,"Rovito, Vázquez-Almazán, Papenfuss, Parra-Olea, & Wake, 2015",This species was confused with Cryptotriton veraepacis prior to its naming by Rovito et al. (2015). 154195951,Kerivoula dongduongana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,dongduongana,,,,,"Tu, Hassanin, Furey, Son & Csorba, 2018",This species belongs to the hardwickii species complex (Tu et al. 2018) and has been recognized as a distinct species (Simmons and Cirranello 2020). 154196065,Kerivoula furva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,furva,,,,,"Kuo, Soisook, Ho & Rossiter, 2017","Specimens previously referred to Kerivoula hardwickii in South Asia (Bates and Harrison, 1997, Molur et al. 2002) are now considered to be two distinct species. Bats in Northeastern India (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and West Bengal) to Nepal (Taplejung), and probably to the region between India (Jammu and Kashmir) and Pakistan (Punjab) represent Kerivoula furva, whereas those in Southern India and Sri Lanka are regarded as a separate species: Kerivoula crypta Wroughton and Ryley, 1913 (Kuo et al. 2017, Tu et al. 2018). Simmons and Cirranello (2020) has recognized Kerivoula furva as a distinct species." 154196297,Kerivoula crypta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,crypta,,,,,"Wroughton & Ryley, 1913","This species belongs to the hardwickii species complex. We treat Kerivoula malpasi Phillips, 1932 as a synonym of Kerivoula crypta and recognize that further scrutiny is warranted to clarify its taxonomic status (Tu et al. 2018). Simmons and Cirranello (2020) has recognized Kerivoula crypta as a distinct species and do not recognize Kerivoula malpasi as a distinct species." 4230,Allochrocebus solatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Allochrocebus,solatus,,,,,"(Harrison, 1988)",This species was treated in previous Red List assessments (1988 to 2008) under the genus Cercopithecus. It is now placed under Allochrocebus following Mittermeier et al. (2013). 4201,Cercocebus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercocebus,torquatus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","In this assessment, Cercocebus torquatus is equivalent to what some classifications have called C. t. torquatus; that subspecies is only valid if the more westerly populations (lunulatus and atys) are recognised as part of a C. torquatus species concept. The Primate SG currently recognises C. atys, C. lunulatus, and C. torquatus as separate species, as do Oates (2011) and Ehardt (2013)." 22724592,Cranioleuca henricae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,henricae,,,,,"Maijer & Fjeldså, 1997", 114177251,Scorpaena hemilepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,hemilepidota,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 114178923,Plectranthias knappi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Plectranthias,knappi,,,,,"Randall, 1996", 114179083,Pseudogramma erythrea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SERRANIDAE,Pseudogramma,erythrea,,,,,"Randall & Baldwin, 1997", 114179126,Aseraggodes kimurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,kimurai,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 22696602,Podiceps cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,cristatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22692667,Zapornia pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,pusilla,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)",Zapornia pusilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22692913,Fulica atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Fulica,atra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 75156645,Amphisbaena acrobeles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,acrobeles,,,,,"(Ribeiro, Castro-Mello & Nogueira, 2009)", 75159572,Amphisbaena brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,brevis,,,,,"Strüssmann & Mott, 2009", 50009998,Ameivula abaetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,abaetensis,,,,,"(Reis Dias, Rocha & Vrcibradic, 2002)",Recent studies have placed Cnemidophorus abaetensis in the genus Ameivula Harvey et al. 2012. Pyron et al. (2013) recommended it should remain in Cnemidophorus until a more extensive review of Brazilian species is concluded. Nonetheless the Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia and this evaluation follow Harvey et al. (2012). 50010587,Ameivula nativo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,nativo,,,,,"(Rocha, Bergallo & Peccinini-Seale, 1997)","Recent studies listed Cnemidophorus nativo within the genus Ameivula (Harvey et al. 2012). Pyron et al. (2013) suggested that it should remain within Cnemidophorus until a more extensive revision is completed. Following common usage among workers in the area where this species occurs, this evaluation follows Harvey et al. (2012) and Arias et al. (2014) in treating this species within Ameivula." 75161349,Leposternon octostegum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,octostegum,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)","Leposternon octostegum was described in 1851 from a specimen now archived in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, in Paris, with uncertain locality (Brèsil). Other specimens were lost due to uncertain taxonomic status; destroyed during World War II (Deutsches Museum Bonn, Germany), or deposited in unknown collections (Barros-Filho et al. 2013). It was rediscovered in 2003 from five subpopulations (Barros-Filho et al. 2013), and was subsequently re-described in detail by Barros-Filhos et al. (2019)." 66082656,Leposoma sinepollex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Leposoma,sinepollex,,,,,"Rodrigues, Texeira, Recoder, Dal Vechio, Damasceno & Machado-Pellegrino, 2013", 50010430,Ameivula littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,littoralis,,,,,"(Rocha, Bamberg Araújo, Vrcibradic & Mamede Da Costa, 2000)",A recent study listed Cnemidophorus littoralis under the genus Ameivula (Harvey et al. 2012). Pyron et al. (2013) suggested it remain under Cnemidophorus before a more extensive revision is completed. 49845610,Tropidurus jaguaribanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,jaguaribanus,,,,,"Passos, Lima & Borges-Nojosa, 2011", 50010605,Ameivula nigrigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,nigrigula,,,,,"(Arias, De Carvalho, Rodrigues & Zaher, 2011)","Recent studies have placed Cnemidophorus nigrigula in the genus Ameivula Harvey et al. 2012. Pyron et al. (2013) recommended it should remain as Cnemidophorus until a more extensive review of Brazilian species is concluded. However, the Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia and this evaluation follow Harvey et al. (2012)." 50009912,Ameiva parecis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,parecis,,,,,"(Colli, Costa, Garda, Kopp, Mesquita, Péres, Valdujo, Vieira & Wiederhecker, 2003)","Morphological and molecular studies have shown that Ameiva parecis belongs within Ameiva, and not Cnemidophorus as in its original description (Arias et al. 2011, Harvey et al. 2012, Giugliano et al. 2013)." 66082587,Leposoma nanodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Leposoma,nanodactylus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1997", 48279980,Bachia geralista,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,geralista,,,,,"Teixeira, Sousa-Recoder, Camacho, de Sena, Navas & Rodrigues, 2013",Formerly considered to be Bachia bresslaui. 48279925,Bachia cacerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,cacerensis,,,,,"Castrillon & Strüssmann, 1998", 75161699,Amphisbaena supernumeraria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,supernumeraria,,,,,"Mott, Rodrigues & Dos Santos, 2009", 75159959,Amphisbaena heathi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,heathi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936", 66084010,Gonatodes tapajonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,tapajonicus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1980", 47102633,Brasiliscincus caissara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Brasiliscincus,caissara,,,,,"(Reboucas-Spieker, 1974)","A recent study (Hedges and Conn 2012) separated the species previously, included in Mabuya, in a different genus. Vrcibradic et al. (2006) analysed the complex M. agilis, M. caissara, and M. heathi, and found that the genetic distances between them were small. They suggested that the three may represent a single species, but indicated the need for further data." 66081196,Leposoma baturitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Leposoma,baturitensis,,,,,"Rodrigues & Borges, 1997", 48280122,Bachia scaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,scaea,,,,,"Teixeira, dal Vechio, Sales-Nunes, Mollo-Neto, Moreira-Lobo, Storti, Junqueira-Gaiga, Freire-Dias & Rodrigues, 2013", 48280025,Bachia micromela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,micromela,,,,,"Rodrigues, Pavan & Curcio, 2007", 48279940,Bachia didactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,didactyla,,,,,"de Freitas, Strüssmann, de Carvalho, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Mott, 2011","Gainsbury and Colli (2003) included this population within Bachia cacerencis. De Freitas et al. (2011) confirmed it represented a new species, which they named Bachia didactyla." 75160487,Leposternon kisteumacheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,kisteumacheri,,,,,"Porto, Soares & Caramaschi, 2000", 75161767,Amphisbaena talisiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,talisiae,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1995","On the basis of morphology and distribution, Costa et al. (2019) synonymized Amphisbaena mensae within A. talisiae." 75161286,Amphisbaena nigricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,nigricauda,,,,,"Gans, 1966", 75160871,Amphisbaena maranhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,maranhensis,,,,,"Gomes & Maciel, 2012", 56792080,Amphisbaena littoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,littoralis,,,,,"Roberto, Brito & Ávila, 2014", 63488514,Amphisbaena leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,leucocephala,,,,,"Peters, 1878","The species was described from its holotype found in the state of Bahia (no specific locality; Peters 1878), and later Gans (1965) redescribed it based on an individual found in the municipality of Itabuna, also in Bahia." 75159900,Amphisbaena frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,frontalis,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1991", 75159716,Amphisbaena caiari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,caiari,,,,,"Teixeira Jr, dal Vechio, Neto & Rodrigues, 2014", 49845586,Tropidurus imbituba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,imbituba,,,,,"Kunz & Borges-Martins, 2013", 50950782,Stenocercus dumerilii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,dumerilii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 44579814,Tupinambis palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Tupinambis,palustris,,,,,"Manzani & Abe, 2002","Péres (2003) indicated that Tupinambis palustris is a junior synonym of Tupinambis teguixin. While this - from an unpublished review - has not been widely accepted, and the species was treated as valid by Harvey et al. (2012) without comment, it is possible that confusion between the two taxa has contributed to the scarcity of data on this species." 50010220,Ameivula cyanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameivula,cyanura,,,,,"(Arias, De Carvalho, Rodrigues & Zaher, 2011)","Recent studies have listed Cnemidophorus cyanurus in the genus Ameivula Harvey et al. 2012. Pyron et al. (2013) recommended that it remain in the genus Cnemidophorus until a more extensive review is carried out. For this evaluation, the specialists followed Harvey et al. (2012)." 203143,Enyalius erythroceneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Enyalius,erythroceneus,,,,,"Rodrigues, De Freitas, Santos Silva & Viña Bertolotto, 2006", 66082619,Leposoma puk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Leposoma,puk,,,,,"Rodrigues, Dixo, Pavan & Verdade, 2002", 66081164,Leposoma annectans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Leposoma,annectans,,,,,"Ruibal, 1952", 48280087,Bachia psamophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Bachia,psamophila,,,,,"Rodrigues, Pavan & Curcio, 2007", 75102611,Anolis pseudotigrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,pseudotigrinus,,,,,"Amaral, 1933","The species of Anolis have been divided into eight genera (Nicholson et al. 2012, Castañeda and de Queiroz 2013) but the classification has not been widely accepted. In this assessment A. pseudotigrinus Amaral, 1933, is placed in the genus Anolis Daudin, 1802." 75098208,Anolis nasofrontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DACTYLOIDAE,Anolis,nasofrontalis,,,,,"Amaral, 1933","The species of Anolis have been divided into eight genera (Nicholson et al. 2012, Castañeda and de Queiroz 2013) but the classification has not been widely accepted. In this assessment A. nasofrontalis Amaral, 1933, is placed in the genus Anolis Daudin, 1802." 75161937,Amphisbaena uroxena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,uroxena,,,,,"Mott, Rodrigues, de Freitas & Silva, 2008", 75161595,Amphisbaena saxosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,saxosa,,,,,"(Castro-Mello, 2003)", 75161540,Amphisbaena sanctaeritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,sanctaeritae,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1994", 75160421,Amphisbaena ignatiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,ignatiana,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1991", 75158969,Amphisbaena arenaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,arenaria,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1991", 75157005,Amphisbaena anomala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,anomala,,,,,"(Barbour, 1914)", 75158906,Amphisbaena arda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,arda,,,,,"Rodrigues, 2003", 75159135,Amphisbaena bahiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,bahiana,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1964", 22722812,Tangara cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,cabanisi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1866)", 54675,Rhinella justinianoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,justinianoi,,,,,"(Harvey & Smith, 1994)", 54742,Rhinella quechua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,quechua,,,,,"(Gallardo, 1961)","Harvey and Smith (1993) pointed out that Rhinella echinodes, described by Reynolds and Foster (1992), is a synonym of R. quechua. There is an unconfirmed record in Parque Nacional Cotapata in La Paz (Cortez 2001). This species is possibly a complex of more than one species." 54949,Nymphargus bejaranoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,bejaranoi,,,,,"(Cannatella, 1980)",Harvey (1996) synonymized Cochranella flavidigitata with N. bejaranoi. 55359,Gastrotheca splendens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,splendens,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1857)","The original type locality of this species was Panama, but this is in error according to Savage and Heyer (1969) who suggested that the type specimen might have come from Colombia, Peru or Bolivia. Subsequently, Duellman and De la Riva (1999) found a single specimen. Based on morphological characters, it is suspected that this species may be the senior synonym of at least two other common species of the region (I. De la Riva pers. comm. September 2019)." 55443,Hyloscirtus charazani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,charazani,,,,,"(Vellard, 1970)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al. 2005). It was rediscovered by J. Aparicio and S. Reichle in 1997 at the type locality. 55446,Hyloscirtus chlorosteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,chlorosteus,,,,,"(Reynolds & Foster, 1992)","De la Riva et al. (2000) registered a slight doubt as to the taxonomic validity of the species. Faivovich and De la Riva (2006), however, continue to recognize it as a valid species, pending a revision of subpopulations associated with the name Hyloscirtus armatus. In the Hyloscirtus armatus group according to Faivovich and De la Riva (2006)." 56433,Yunganastes ashkapara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Yunganastes,ashkapara,,,,,"(Köhler, 2000)", 56465,Yunganastes bisignatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Yunganastes,bisignatus,,,,,"(Werner, 1899)","This species was formerly considered a synonym of Pristimantis fenestratus by Lynch (1980), but it was elevated to species status by Köhler (2000)." 56607,Yunganastes fraudator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Yunganastes,fraudator,,,,,"(Lynch & McDiarmid, 1987)", 56661,Oreobates ibischi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,ibischi,,,,,"(Reichle, Lötters & De la Riva, 2001)",Differences in acoustic parameters support the specific status of Oreobates ibischi (Padial et al. 2008). 56869,Yunganastes pluvicanorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Yunganastes,pluvicanorus,,,,,"(De la Riva & Lynch, 1997)", 57067,Oreobates zongoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,zongoensis,,,,,"(Reichle & Köhler, 1997)", 57106,Oreobates sanctaecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,sanctaecrucis,,,,,"(Harvey & Keck, 1995)", 57199,Microkayla adenopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,adenopleura,,,,,"(Aguayo-Vedia & Harvey, 2001)", 57212,Microkayla iatamasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,iatamasi,,,,,"(Aguayo-Vedia & Harvey, 2001)", 57215,Microkayla kempffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,kempffi,,,,,"(De la Riva, 1992)", 57226,Microkayla pinguis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,pinguis,,,,,"(Harvey & Ergueta, 1998)", 57231,Noblella carrascoicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,carrascoicola,,,,,"(De la Riva & Köhler, 1998)", 57236,Noblella ritarasquinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Noblella,ritarasquinae,,,,,"(Köhler, 2000)", 57326,Telmatobius bolivianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,bolivianus,,,,,"Parker, 1940","This species was formerly considered to be a synonym of Telmatobius marmoratus (Vellard 1970). It was resurrected as a full species by De la Riva et al. (2000). Telmatobius ifornoi is included as a synonym of this species, following De la Riva (2005)." 57337,Telmatobius edaphonastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,edaphonastes,,,,,"De la Riva, 1994", 57339,Telmatobius gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,gigas,,,,,"Vellard, 1969", 57342,Telmatobius huayra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,huayra,,,,,"Lavilla & Ergueta, 1995", 57349,Telmatobius marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,marmoratus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1841)",This species is a complex of more than one species. 57361,Telmatobius sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,sibiricus,,,,,"De la Riva & Harvey, 2003", 57362,Telmatobius simonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,simonsi,,,,,"Parker, 1940", 57367,Telmatobius verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,verrucosus,,,,,"Werner, 1899","We follow De la Riva et al. (2000) in considering this species to be separate from Telmatobius marmoratus, and also follow De la Riva (2004) in considering T. jahuira as a synonym of T. verrucosus." 57369,Telmatobius yuracare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,yuracare,,,,,"De la Riva, 1994", 61749,Nannophryne apolobambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nannophryne,apolobambica,,,,,"(De la Riva, Ríos & Aparicio, 2005)", 61811,Oreobates madidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,madidi,,,,,"(Padial, Gonzáles & De La Riva, 2005)",Differences in acoustic parameters support the specific status of Oreobates madidi (Padial et al. 2008). 61827,Oreobates choristolemma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,choristolemma,,,,,"(Harvey & Sheehy, 2005)", 135741,Microkayla katantika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,katantika,,,,,"(De la Riva & Martínez-Solano in De la Riva, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). 135829,Cochranella phryxa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,phryxa,,,,,"Aguayo & Harvey, 2006",In the Cochranella granulosa group according to the original description. This taxon is characterized by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (Aguayo and Harvey 2006). 135911,Microkayla condoriri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,condoriri,,,,,"(De la Riva, Aguayo & Padial, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). 135999,Microkayla guillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,guillei,,,,,"(De la Riva, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). 136017,Telmatobius hintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,hintoni,,,,,"Parker, 1940","Previously considered to be a subspecies of Telmatobius marmoratus, T. hintoni was elevated to species category by De la Riva (2005) based on morphological and colour differences.

In addition to the holotype, the type series of T. hintoni is comprised of three specimens from Calacoto, La Paz, but these specimens are not conspecific with the holotype, and they were correctly identified as T. marmoratus by Vellard (De la Riva 2005)." 136030,Microkayla illampu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,illampu,,,,,"(De la Riva, Reichle & Padial, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). 136053,Microkayla ankohuma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,ankohuma,,,,,"(Padial & De la Riva, 2007)","This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva, 2007)." 136101,Microkayla harveyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,harveyi,,,,,"(Muñoz, Aguayo & De la Riva in De la Riva, 2007)", 136102,Microkayla iani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,iani,,,,,"(De la Riva, Reichle & Cortéz in De la Riva, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features (De la Riva 2007). 136103,Microkayla illimani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,illimani,,,,,"(De la Riva & Padial in De la Riva, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). 136104,Microkayla quimsacruzis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,quimsacruzis,,,,,"(De la Riva, Reichle & Bosch, 2007)","This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). It seems that there are two different subpopulations of this species; however, it is not known whether these are conspecific with each other (I. De la Riva pers. comm. 2008, 2019)" 136130,Telmatobius espadai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,espadai,,,,,"De la Riva, 2005","This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological features and colour patterns (De la Riva 2005). It is possible that the two subpopulations are not conspecific, so further taxonomic studies are needed (I. De la Riva pers. comm. September 2019)." 136145,Microkayla kallawaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,kallawaya,,,,,"(De la Riva & Martínez-Solano in De la Riva, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). 136150,Microkayla saltator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,saltator,,,,,"(De la Riva, Reichle & Bosch in De la Riva, 2007)","This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters, colour patterns, saltatorial behaviour and advertisement call features (De la Riva 2007)." 136165,Microkayla chacaltaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Microkayla,chacaltaya,,,,,"(De la Riva, Padial & Cortéz, 2007)",This species is distinguished from other similar species by a combination of colour patterns and morphological features (De la Riva 2007). There are probably two species contained within this taxon (I. De la Riva pers. comm. September 2019). 22700667,Pachyramphus spodiurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TITYRIDAE,Pachyramphus,spodiurus,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22686511,Aerodramus francicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,francicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Aerodramus francicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia as C. francica. 22720560,Haemorhous cassinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Haemorhous,cassinii,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)","

Haemorhous cassinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carpodacus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 77347483,Bolitoglossa tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,tenebrosa,,,,,"Vazquez-Almazán & Rovito, 2014",This is a split from the broader concept of Bolitoglossa meliana (Vazquez-Almazán and Rovito 2014). 22690419,Streptopelia turtur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,turtur,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685527,Anodorhynchus glaucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Anodorhynchus,glaucus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22682860,Coracias garrulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,CORACIIDAE,Coracias,garrulus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22722994,Dacnis viguieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Dacnis,viguieri,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1883", 22724813,Psittacus erithacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacus,erithacus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22680384,Aythya baeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,baeri,,,,,"(Radde, 1863)", 22698209,Ardenna grisea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Ardenna,grisea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Ardenna grisea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Puffinus as P. griseus. 22715064,Eremomela turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Eremomela,turneri,,,,,"van Someren, 1920", 22727811,Streptopelia decaocto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Streptopelia,decaocto,,,,,"Frivaldszky, 1838","

Streptopelia decaocto and S. xanthocycla (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. decaocto following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22735287,Buteogallus gundlachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,gundlachii,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1855)", 22735588,Acrocephalus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,longirostris,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Acrocephalus caffer, A. musae and A. longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. caffer following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22718556,Anthus pratensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,pratensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22718379,Motacilla citreola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,citreola,,,,,"Pallas, 1776", 22735267,Oenanthe xanthoprymna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,xanthoprymna,,,,,"(Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)", 22718179,Passer hispaniolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,hispaniolensis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22696453,Falco columbarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,columbarius,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22693749,Pluvialis squatarola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Pluvialis,squatarola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694591,Thalasseus sandvicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Thalasseus,sandvicensis,,,,,"(Latham, 1787)",Thalasseus sandvicensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22694357,Larus armenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,armenicus,,,,,"Buturlin, 1934","Larus michahellis and L. armenicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. michahellis following a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group. Prior to that, L. armenicus had been split and L. cachinnans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) had been lumped with L. michahellis as L. cachinnans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 62030970,Larus michahellis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,michahellis,,,,,"J. F. Naumann, 1840","L. michahellis and L. armenicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. michahellis following a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group. Prior to that, L. armenicus had been split and L. cachinnans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) had been lumped with L. michahellis as L. cachinnans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22696993,Ardea cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,cinerea,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 114179176,Aseraggodes winterbottomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,winterbottomi,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 114179201,Polyipnus ovatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Polyipnus,ovatus,,,,,"Harold, 1994", 114179226,Thorophos euryops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Thorophos,euryops,,,,,"Bruun, 1931", 114179260,Thorophos nexilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,STOMIIFORMES,STERNOPTYCHIDAE,Thorophos,nexilis,,,,,"(Myers, 1932)", 114180338,Vespicula cypho,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Vespicula,cypho,,,,,"(Fowler, 1938)", 22680024,Tadorna tadorna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Tadorna,tadorna,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694428,Larus genei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,genei,,,,,"Brème, 1839", 22694443,Larus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,melanocephalus,,,,,"Temminck, 1820", 22686332,Amazona aestiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,aestiva,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 154589710,Nothura maculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothura,maculosa,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)",Nothura chacoensis has been lumped into Nothura maculosa after Hayes et al. (2018) determined that there is no support for the former as an independent species. 22734803,Oenanthe chrysopygia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,chrysopygia,,,,,"(de Filippi, 1863)", 154625310,Macropygia magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,magna,,,,,"Wallace, 1864","

Following extensive museum work appraising morphological differences, in addition to differences in vocalisations (Ng et al. 2016, Eaton et al. 2016) , Dusky Cuckoo-dove has been split into Timor Cuckoo-dove M. magna, Flores Sea Cuckoo-dove M. macassariensis and Tanimbar Cuckoo-dove M. timorlaoensis.

" 22679770,Dendrocygna arborea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,arborea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 154619546,Turacoena manadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turacoena,manadensis,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)",Turacoena manadensis has been split into White-faced Cuckoo-dove T. manadensis and Sula Cuckoo-dove T. sulaensis on the basis of striking vocal differences (Ng and Rheindt 2016) and a consistent size difference revealed by an appraisal of specimens. 22693336,Arenaria interpres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Arenaria,interpres,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694730,Onychoprion anaethetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Onychoprion,anaethetus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)",Onychoprion anaethetus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22695503,Accipiter soloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,soloensis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22695588,Accipiter virgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,virgatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22720996,Emberiza sulphurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,sulphurata,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1848", 22697237,Gorsachius goisagi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Gorsachius,goisagi,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 22712646,Pycnonotus taivanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,taivanus,,,,,"Styan, 1893", 22714704,Acrocephalus sorghophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,sorghophilus,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1863)", 103822471,Motacilla tschutschensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,tschutschensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","

Motacilla flava and M. tschutschensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. flava following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 155646620,Zoothera aurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,aurea,,,,,"(Holandre, 1825)","The subspecies neilgherriensis has been moved from Z. aurea into Z. dauma, following song analysis that showed it to belong with the latter species (Weir 2018).

Previously, Zoothera dauma (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) and Z. imbricata (Collar [2004]) were lumped together into Z. dauma and subsequently split into Z. dauma, Z. major and Z. aurea following del Hoyo and Collar (2016)." 22693452,Calidris pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,pygmaea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Calidris pygmaea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eurynorhynchus as E. pygmeus. 114192219,Bovitrigla acanthomoplate,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Bovitrigla,acanthomoplate,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 78515971,Hyalinobatrachium dianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,dianae,,,,,"Kubicki, Salazar & Puschendorf, 2015", 22690682,Geophaps plumifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geophaps,plumifera,,,,,"Gould, 1842","

Geophaps plumifera and G. ferruginea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) have been lumped as G. plumifera following the scoring of specimens that revealed that G. ferruginea does not meet the threshold for species status, and is accordingly a well-marked subspecies. This restores the taxonomic position prior to the Checklist. 

" 154797056,Phaethornis bourcieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,bourcieri,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)","Phaethornis bourcieri has been split into P. bourcieri and P. major Hinkelmann 1989, following genetic evidence that the latter is actually more closely related to P. philippii and P. koepckeae (Araujo-Silva et al. 2017), plus morphological characters supporting the separation." 195502,Anguilla australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,australis,,,,,"Richardson, 1841","

There is some debate over the taxonomic status of separate sub-populations of A. australis in Australia and New Zealand. Based on geographic distribution, geographic differences in vertebral counts and position of dorsal fin insertions, Schmidt (1928) inferred two sub-species. He therefore divided A. australis into A. australis occidentalis in mainland Australia, Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island, and A. australis orientalis distributed in New Zealand. Griffin (1936) renamed the sub-species A. australis australis in Australia and A. australis schmidtii in New Zealand. Ege (1939) retained these names in his revision of the genus Anguilla. Since then, a variety of papers examining the control region of mtDNA (Dijkstra and Jellyman 1999) and the 16S ribosomal RNA domain of mtDNA (Aoyama et al. 2000) suggested a single species. Although, many papers published since indicate both significant morphological (Watanabe et al. 2006) and genetic (Leander et al. 2012, Shen and Tzeng 2007) differences between the two proposed sub-species. At the glass eel stage, they are found to show genetic homogeneity, and it is therefore suggested that the species should be managed cooperatively by Australia and New Zealand as if it were a single population (Jellyman 2007).


The two subpopulations are considered synonyms of A. australis here, though this observed intraspecific variation is noted for the purposes of regionally specific conservation planning for the two subpopulations in the Australia and New Zealand.


" 196303,Anguilla reinhardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,reinhardtii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867", 197276,Anguilla dieffenbachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,dieffenbachii,,,,,"Gray, 1842", 114192231,Lepidotrigla deasoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,deasoni,,,,,"Herre & Kauffman, 1952", 154807906,Anthocephala floriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthocephala,floriceps,,,,,"(Gould, 1854)","Blossomcrown Anthocephala floriceps has been split into Santa Marta Blossomcrown and Tolima Blossomcrown A. berlepschi following the finding of reciprocal monophyly between the two (Loranzo-Jaramillo et al. 2014), supported by subsequent assessment of morphological differences in museum specimens, albeit with a sample size of only three for A. (f.) floriceps." 22695174,Gypaetus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gypaetus,barbatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697031,Ardea purpurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,purpurea,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22694705,Sterna repressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,repressa,,,,,"Hartert, 1916", 22730119,Chaetura fumosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,fumosa,,,,,"Salvin, 1870", 114192240,Lepidotrigla eydouxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,eydouxii,,,,,"Sauvage, 1878", 114192251,Lepidotrigla macrobrachia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,macrobrachia,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 114192254,Lepidotrigla pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TRIGLIDAE,Lepidotrigla,pectoralis,,,,,"Fowler, 1938", 22708544,Turdus lherminieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,lherminieri,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1844)", 131299383,Felis lybica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Felis,lybica,,,,,"Forster, 1780","The wildcat group consists of a few species, subspecies, or populations, which are phylogenetically very close to each other. Concerning its taxonomy, the wildcats in Africa and Asia were previously considered as subspecies of Felis silvestris (Yamaguchi et al. 2015). However, according to Kitchener et al. (2017), the populations from steppes and bushes of Africa and Asia are now classified as F. lybica, a separate species. Moreover, F. bieti, formerly considered as a sister taxon to F. silvestris or F. l. ornata (Driscoll et al. 2007) is recognized as a monotypic species from China due to its restricted distribution and distinct morphology (Kitchener et al. 2017). However, a recent genomic study (Yu et al. 2021) suggests that the distinction of F. bieti from other wildcat species (F. silvestris and F. ornata) is at subspecies level. Nevertheless, we did not assess the status of F. bieti in this assessment.

Driscoll et al. (2007) identified three distinct clades within this species, which are identified by Kitchener et al. (2017) as subspecies within F. lybica:

Felis lybica lybica Forster, 1780.
Distribution: Eastern, western and northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Corsica, Sardinia and Crete; integrates with F. l. ornata in western Iran, and probably in eastern Iraq and southern Turkey (Can et al. 2011, Ghoddousi et al. 2016, Kitchener et al. 2017, Mousavi et al. 2019).

Felis lybica cafra Desmarest, 1822.
Distribution: Southern Africa; the exact boundary with F. l. lybica is uncertain but may lie in Mozambique or Tanzania (Kitchener and Rees 2009).

Felis lybica ornata Gray, 1830.
Distribution: Southwestern and central Asia, Pakistan, India, Mongolia and China. Distinguishing characters: Light-coloured pelage with black spots. The contact zone between F. l. ornata and F. silvestris is perhaps in Turkey and the Caucasus (Ghoddousi et al. 2016, Mousavi et al. 2019, Wuest et al. 2021). Moreover, F. l. ornata distribution reaches and interogresses (Yu et al. 2021) that of F. bieti in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor, Gansu, in China (S.-J. Luo pers. obs. 2019) and perhaps in Tajikistan (T. Rosen pers. obs. 2019).

" 22695231,Aegypius monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aegypius,monachus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 141363454,Polysteganus cerasinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polysteganus,cerasinus,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2015", 141363488,Polysteganus flavodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Polysteganus,flavodorsalis,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2015", 141363565,Sparidentex jamalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Sparidentex,jamalensis,,,,,"Amir, Siddiqui & Masroor, 2014",This species has been confused with S. hasta in the past (Amir et al. 2014). 155515,Zaumia kusceri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Zaumia,kusceri,,,,,"(Hadžišče, 1959)", 156127,Anagastina scutarica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Anagastina,scutarica,,,,,"(Radoman, 1973)", 22693613,Haematopus ostralegus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,ostralegus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Haematopus ostralegus and H. finschi were previously lumped as H. ostralegus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), but have once more been recognised as species following a review of additional material allowing the scoring of the taxa against each other and H. longirostris, H. chathamensis, and H. unicolor (G. Ehmke in litt. 2015, Hayman et al. 1986, Marchant and Higgins 1993). This restores the taxonomic position of the two species prior to del Hoyo and Collar (2014).

" 60409,Enteromius litamba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,litamba,,,,,"(Keilhack, 1908)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus but is now considered valid in the genus Enteromius (Yang et al. 2015). 60410,Labeobarbus johnstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,johnstonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1907)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Barbus Daudin, 1805 but is now valid in the genus Labeobarbus Rüppell, 1835." 60418,Engraulicypris sardella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Engraulicypris,sardella,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 60690,Coptodon rendalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Coptodon,rendalli,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)",This species previously on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but it is now considered valid in the genus Coptodon Gervais 1853 (see Konings 2016). There are four other synonyms from outside the assessment area. 60843,Synodontis njassae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,njassae,,,,,"Keilhack, 1908",Some specimens caught in the Middle Shire from gabions at Liwonde Barrage had unusual mottled colouration rather than distinct spots. There were no specimens with intermediate pigmentation and thus further investigation may be justified. 60844,Opsaridium microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,microlepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 60845,Opsaridium microcephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Opsaridium,microcephalum,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 60856,Bagrus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrus,meridionalis,,,,,"Günther, 1894", 60861,Copadichromis chrysonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,chrysonotus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 60863,Mchenga eucinostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mchenga,eucinostomus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006." 60871,Copadichromis pleurostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,pleurostigma,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60872,Copadichromis pleurostigmoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,pleurostigmoides,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)", 60874,Copadichromis quadrimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,quadrimaculatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)","This species shows variation in morphology and colouration (especially females), suggesting that there may be more than one species. It is probably a species complex." 60876,Copadichromis trimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,trimaculatus,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)", 60879,Copadichromis virginalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Copadichromis,virginalis,,,,,"(Iles, 1960)","This species belongs to the pure 'utaka' group i.e. without spots. This species has a wide variation in morphology and colouration, and it may consist of more than any species (virginalis complex). Iles (1960) observed two forms in Nkhata Bay known locally as kaduna and kajose. Konings (1995) considers them as two different species that have been observed at Gome rock in the same locality but in different habitats. Konings considers the kaduna type as conspecific with C. virginalis. Other researchers have also observed different forms in other parts of the lake, which may represent different species (Turner 1995). Kaduna has been observed in Nkhata Bay (type locality) in Tanzania and may be more widespread." 60884,Chilotilapia euchilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chilotilapia,euchilus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Cheilochromis but is now considered valid in the genus Chilotilapia (Konings 2016). 60885,Chilotilapia rhoadesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Chilotilapia,rhoadesii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1908", 60886,Corematodus taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Corematodus,taeniatus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60888,Nimbochromis linni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nimbochromis,linni,,,,,"(Burgess & Axelrod, 1975)", 60889,Nimbochromis fuscotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nimbochromis,fuscotaeniatus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60890,Nimbochromis polystigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nimbochromis,polystigma,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60891,Nimbochromis venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nimbochromis,venustus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 60892,Dimidiochromis kiwinge,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dimidiochromis,kiwinge,,,,,"(Ahl, 1926)", 60893,Dimidiochromis compressiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dimidiochromis,compressiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 60894,Dimidiochromis dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dimidiochromis,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Günther,1864)", 60896,Ctenopharynx intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ctenopharynx,intermedius,,,,,"(Günther,1864)", 60897,Ctenopharynx nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ctenopharynx,nitidus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60898,Ctenopharynx pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ctenopharynx,pictus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60899,Champsochromis spilorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Champsochromis,spilorhynchus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60901,Caprichromis liemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Caprichromis,liemi,,,,,"(McKaye & Mackenzie, 1982)", 60902,Caprichromis orthognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Caprichromis,orthognathus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)",This species previously appeared on the Red List as Caprichromis orthognathous but the correct spelling is Caprichromis orthognathus. 60904,Diplotaxodon limnothrissa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,limnothrissa,,,,,"Turner, 1994", 60907,Diplotaxodon argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,argenteus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60908,Diplotaxodon greenwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,greenwoodi,,,,,"Stauffer & McKaye, 1986", 60909,Docimodus johnstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Docimodus,johnstoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 60910,Nimbochromis livingstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nimbochromis,livingstonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 60917,Hemitaeniochromis urotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemitaeniochromis,urotaenia,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60919,Lichnochromis acuticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lichnochromis,acuticeps,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935", 60922,Buccochromis heterotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Buccochromis,heterotaenia,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60923,Buccochromis lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Buccochromis,lepturus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60925,Buccochromis rhoadesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Buccochromis,rhoadesii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)","This species has been confused with B. lepturus (Regan, 1922) in the past." 60926,Buccochromis spectabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Buccochromis,spectabilis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60928,Champsochromis caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Champsochromis,caeruleus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 60929,Pallidochromis tokolosh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pallidochromis,tokolosh,,,,,"Turner, 1994", 60931,Taeniochromis holotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Taeniochromis,holotaenia,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60941,Tyrannochromis macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tyrannochromis,macrostoma,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60948,Trematocranus placodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocranus,placodon,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60950,Stigmatochromis pholidophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stigmatochromis,pholidophorus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60951,Stigmatochromis woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Stigmatochromis,woodi,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60952,Tramitichromis brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tramitichromis,brevis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 60954,Tramitichromis lituris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tramitichromis,lituris,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1931)", 60959,Taeniolethrinops laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Taeniolethrinops,laticeps,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1931)", 60966,Sciaenochromis benthicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Sciaenochromis,benthicola,,,,,"Konings, 1993", 60970,Mylochromis spilostichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,spilostichus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 but is now valid in the genus Mylochromis Regan, 1920." 60980,Mylochromis subocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,subocularis,,,,,"(Gunther, 1894)", 60984,Placidochromis longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,longimanus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 60993,Nyassachromis leuciscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nyassachromis,leuciscus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 60995,Otopharynx argyrosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,argyrosoma,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)",There is confusion in the collections and reports. This name should be reserved for species with red blotches on the flanks. 60996,Otopharynx auromarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,auromarginatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 60998,Otopharynx decorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,decorus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61003,Otopharynx speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Otopharynx,speciosus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61008,Mylochromis anaphyrmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,anaphyrmus,,,,,"(Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)", 61011,Mylochromis ericotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,ericotaenia,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61012,Mylochromis formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,formosus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61013,Mylochromis guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,guentheri,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61017,Mylochromis melanotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,melanotaenia,,,,,"(Regan,1922)", 61018,Mylochromis mola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,mola,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61023,Mylochromis sphaerodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,sphaerodon,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61024,Alticorpus mentale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Alticorpus,mentale,,,,,"Stauffer & McKaye, 1988", 61031,Lethrinops albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,albus,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 61032,Lethrinops altus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,altus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61033,Lethrinops christyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,christyi,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61034,Lethrinops furcifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,furcifer,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61035,Lethrinops gossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,gossei,,,,,"Burgess & Axelrod, 1973", 61036,Lethrinops lethrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,lethrinus,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 61037,Lethrinops leptodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,leptodon,,,,,"Regan, 1922", 61038,Lethrinops stridei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,stridei,,,,,"Eccles & Lewis, 1977","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List under the incorrect spelling of Lethrinops stridae, but it is valid as Lethrinops stridei." 61039,Placidochromis polli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,polli,,,,,"(Burgess & Axelrod, 1973)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Lethrinops Regan, 1922 but is now valid in the genus Placidochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989." 61040,Lethrinops parvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,parvidens,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61042,Lethrinops microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,microstoma,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61043,Lethrinops microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,microdon,,,,,"Eccles & Lewis, 1977", 61047,Lethrinops macrochir,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,macrochir,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61048,Lethrinops macracanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,macracanthus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61050,Lethrinops longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,longipinnis,,,,,"Eccles & Lewis, 1978",This species is undergoing taxonomic revision and is possibly a complex of three to four species. 61051,Lethrinops longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,longimanus,,,,,"Trewavas, 1931", 61059,Trematocranus brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Trematocranus,brevirostris,,,,,"Trewavas,1935",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Aulonocara but is now considered valid in the genus Trematocranus (Konings 2016). 61062,Aulonocara guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,guentheri,,,,,"Eccles, 1989", 61070,Aulonocara rostratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aulonocara,rostratum,,,,,"Trewavas, 1935","Aulonocara macrochir Trewavas, 1935 is considered to be conspecific with this species (Konings 1990, 1995)." 61078,Protomelas insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,insignis,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61082,Protomelas marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,marginatus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)","Two subspecies having different distributions were described by Trewavas, 1935. P. marginatus marginatus is known from the southern end of the lake and P. marginatus vuae is recorded from Vua and Chilumba (northern region). According to Konings (1990, 1995) these two forms may ""represent the extremes of a single widely distributed species. Not until specimens from locations between the two have been examined can anything meaningful be said about their relationship""." 61084,Protomelas similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,similis,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 61086,Hemitaeniochromis spilopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Hemitaeniochromis,spilopterus,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Protomelas but is now valid in the genus Hemitaeniochromis (Konings 2016). 61088,Protomelas triaenodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Protomelas,triaenodon,,,,,"(Trewavas, 1935)", 61145,Pseudotropheus livingstonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Pseudotropheus,livingstonii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Maylandia Meyer & Förster, 1984 but is now valid in the genus Pseudotropheus Regan, 1922." 61201,Diplotaxodon macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,macrops,,,,,"Turner & Stauffer, 1998", 166023,Clarias gariepinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,gariepinus,,,,,"(Burchell, 1822)",This species is in need of a detailed taxonomic review since there are indications that more than a single species is included within the current concept. 182025,Mormyrus longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,MORMYRIDAE,Mormyrus,longirostris,,,,,"Peters, 1852", 182433,Labeo cylindricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,cylindricus,,,,,"Peters, 1852","As this species is currently recognised it has a wide geographical distribution over numerous distinct river systems. A thorough investigation of all populations is needed to determine the taxonomic status of these populations, but it is clearly a species complex with notable differences between geographically separated populations. Currently we are not aware of any major taxonomic studies." 185645,Lethrinops mylodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Lethrinops,mylodon,,,,,"Eccles & Lewis, 1979", 57482316,Alticorpus geoffreyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Alticorpus,geoffreyi,,,,,"Snoeks & Walapa, 2004", 57488417,Placidochromis macrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Placidochromis,macrognathus,,,,,"Hanssens, 2004", 117849983,Rhamphochromis esox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rhamphochromis,esox,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)", 117850029,Rhamphochromis longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rhamphochromis,longiceps,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 120690256,Buccochromis nototaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Buccochromis,nototaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1902)", 120692798,Diplotaxodon ecclesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Diplotaxodon,ecclesi,,,,,"Burgess & Axelrod, 1973", 120730440,Mylochromis melanonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mylochromis,melanonotus,,,,,"(Regan, 1922)", 11533,Lepidochelys kempii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELONIIDAE,Lepidochelys,kempii,,,,,"(Garman, 1880)",The specific name was incorrectly spelt on earlier Red Lists as kempi. 155069065,Celeus undatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,undatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Waved Woodpecker Celeus undatus and Scaly-breasted Woodpecker C. grammicus have been lumped as Waved Woodpecker C. undatus, following the finding that there was no genetic or morphological differences between representatives of the two (Sampaio et al. 2018), and the previous observation that the calls were extremely similar (Benz and Robbins 2011)." 155070695,Pyrrhura melanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,melanura,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Pyrrhura melanura has been split into P. melanura and P. chapmani following an assessment of the latter by Donegan et al. (2018), in light of the previous split of Maroon-tailed Parakeet into P. melanura and P. pacifica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014). While Donegan et al. (2018) are mistaken in scoring two covarying measurements twice, and only 1 is allowed for habitat difference, which in any case is not accepted here as too vague (the elevational difference may well be responsible for the increase in body size). However, in reviewing the photographs used to illustrate these differences it certainly appears that the blue primaries and the darker crown merit 2 each, the buffy nuchal region perhaps only 1 (3 seems extreme), but the size difference vs. melanura (mean wing 136.8 vs 126.6, tail 125.2 vs 109.9 in Table 1 in Ridgely & Robbins 1988, Wilson Bull. 100: 173-182) clearly scores 2, on which basis the form reaches and is accepted here as holding species rank." 155073767,Eclectus polychloros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eclectus,polychloros,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus has been split into Moluccan Eclectus E. roratus, Sumba Eclectus E. cornelia, Tanimbar Eclectus E. riedeli and Papuan Eclectus E. polychloros. Extensive museum work confirmed the four groups proposed as species on molecular data (Braun et al. 2017) do exceed the threshold of 7 under the Tobias criteria (Tobias et al. 2010) and are therefore accepted as species." 155073764,Eclectus riedeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eclectus,riedeli,,,,,"Meyer, 1882","Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus has been split into Moluccan Eclectus E. roratus, Sumba Eclectus E. cornelia, Tanimbar Eclectus E. riedeli and Papuan Eclectus E. polychloros. Extensive museum work confirmed the four groups proposed as species on molecular data (Braun et al. 2017) do exceed the threshold of 7 under the Tobias criteria (Tobias et al. 2010) and are therefore accepted as species." 155072216,Eclectus cornelia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eclectus,cornelia,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus has been split into Moluccan Eclectus E. roratus, Sumba Eclectus E. cornelia, Tanimbar Eclectus E. riedeli and Papuan Eclectus E. polychloros. Extensive museum work confirmed the four groups proposed as species on molecular data (Braun et al. 2017) do exceed the threshold of 7 under the Tobias criteria (Tobias et al. 2010) and are therefore accepted as species." 22698949,Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Hemitriccus,cinnamomeipectus,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & O'Neill, 1979", 7709,Emydoidea blandingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,EMYDIDAE,Emydoidea,blandingii,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1838)","The species blandingii has generally been placed in Emydoidea in recent years, but has also been argued to belong in the genus Emys, based on molecular phylogeny results." 155139697,Poecile montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,montanus,,,,,"(Conrad von Baldenstein, 1827)","Poecile montanus has been split into Willow Tit P. montanus and Sichuan Tit P. weigoldicus following evidence of strong differentiation from molecular work (Tritsch et al. 2017), reinforcing the morphological differences noted by Eck and Martens (2006). All evidence points to the distinctiveness of P. weigoldicus and, with the proviso that the case will continue to be studied, the form is accepted as taking species rank.
 
Previously this treatment was not followed owing to the apparent overlap in morphological characters between weigoldicus and parapatric P. m. affinis, and because it was not possible to find adequate recordings to meaningfully analyse vocal differences. Hence P. weigoldicus was considered a subspecies of P. montanus (del Hoyo et al. 2016)." 22735364,Poecile weigoldicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARIDAE,Poecile,weigoldicus,,,,,"O. Kleinschmidt, 1921","Poecile montanus has been split into Willow Tit P. montanus and Sichuan Tit P. weigoldicus following evidence of strong differentiation from molecular work (Tritsch et al. 2017), reinforcing the morphological differences noted by Eck and Martens (2006). All evidence points to the distinctiveness of P. weigoldicus and, with the proviso that the case will continue to be studied, the form is accepted as taking species rank.
 
Previously this treatment was not followed owing to the apparent overlap in morphological characters between weigoldicus and parapatric P. m. affinis, and because it was not possible to find adequate recordings to meaningfully analyse vocal differences. Hence P. weigoldicus was considered a subspecies of P. montanus (del Hoyo et al. 2016).

" 22698535,Hydrobates tristrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,tristrami,,,,,"(Salvin, 1896)",Hydrobates tristrami (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 155164575,Zosterops citrinella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,citrinella,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","Zosterops palbebrosus unicus has been transferred to Ashy-bellied White-eye Z. citrinella, following genetic analysis by Lim et al. (2019)." 47261026,Flabellotilloidea palaestina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Flabellotilloidea,palaestina,,,,,"(Pic, 1900)", 47261189,Opilo barbarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Opilo,barbarus,,,,,"Abeille de Perrin, 1893",Opilio lencinai is a junior synonym of O. barbarus since it has been compared with the type material (H. Brustel pers. comm. 2015). 47261191,Opilo cilicicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Opilo,cilicicus,,,,,"Hintz, 1902","O. cilicicus, O. taeniatus and O. tilloides are included in the O. taeniatus complex, which needs taxonomic revision (P. Audisio pers. comm. 2015, H. Brustel pers. comm. 2015)." 47261221,Opilo tilloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Opilo,tilloides,,,,,"Chevrolat, 1876","O. cilicicus, O. taeniatus and O. tilloides are included in the O. taeniatus complex, which needs taxonomic revision (P. Audisio pers. comm. 2015, H. Brustel pers. comm. 2015)." 47261271,Syriopelta funebris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Syriopelta,funebris,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1892)", 47261459,Tilloidea laevigata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Tilloidea,laevigata,,,,,"(Peyerimhoff, 1927)", 47261607,Tillus flabellicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Tillus,flabellicornis,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1866",This species could be the male of Tillus mozabitus (H. Brustel pers. comm. 2015). 47265745,Platycerus senguni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Platycerus,senguni,,,,,"Schweiger, 1966","This species was described in 1966 based on a single specimen and it is closely related to Platycerus caraboides (Linné, 1758); according to the original description, it can be distinguished by the denser punctuation of the pronotum and the shape of the aedeagus (Schweiger, 1966). It seems that only the type specimen is known at date." 91472334,Nosodomodes rotundicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Nosodomodes,rotundicollis,,,,,"(Pic, 1897)", 91472898,Diodesma parallela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Diodesma,parallela,,,,,"Reitter, 1922", 91476608,Tarphius fairmairei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,fairmairei,,,,,"Marseul, 1873", 91477278,Tarphius liliputanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,liliputanus,,,,,"(Lucas, 1847)", 91478073,Tarphius maroccanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,maroccanus,,,,,"Franz, 1967", 91478093,Tarphius oulmesensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,oulmesensis,,,,,"Franz, 1967", 91478402,Tarphius isabelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Tarphius,isabelae,,,,,"Serrano & Borges, 2013", 155155950,Zosterops palpebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,palpebrosus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)","Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus has been split into Indian White-eye Z. palpebrosus, Hume's White-eye Z. auriventer and Sangkar White-eye Z. melanurus on the basis of thorough morphological comparisons (Wells et al. 2017a, b) and genetic differentiation, morphology and vocalisations (Round et al. 2017, Lim et al. 2019).

Z. p. unicus has been transferred to Ashy-bellied White-eye Z. citrinella, and Z. p. wiliamsoni has been transferred to Swinhoe's White-eye Z. simplex (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) following genetic analysis by Lim et al. (2019)." 155156040,Zosterops auriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,auriventer,,,,,"Hume, 1878","Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus has been split into Indian White-eye Z. palpebrosus, Hume's White-eye Z. auriventer and Sangkar White-eye Z. melanurus on the basis of thorough morphological comparisons (Wells et al. 2017a, b) and genetic differentiation, morphology and vocalisations (Round et al. 2017, Lim et al. 2019).

The subspecies Z. everetti wetmorei and Z. e. tahanensis are transferred to Z. auriventer (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019): Z. a. medius is taken out of synonymy with Z. a. tahanensis to represent the Bornean population." 155158152,Zosterops simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,simplex,,,,,"Swinhoe, 1861","Zosterops japonicus has been split into Z. japonicus and Z. simplex, and Z. salvadorii has been lumped into Z. simplex following detailed work on genetics, morphology and vocalisations (Round et al. 2017, Lim et al. 2019).

Subspecies Z. j. hainanus, Z. palpebrosus williamsoni and Z. p. erwini (previously included within Z. p. auriventer) have been transferred to Z. simplex (Handbook of the Birds of the World 2019). " 22707741,Malaconotus monteiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Malaconotus,monteiri,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1870)", 155179593,Zosterops everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,everetti,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1878","The subspecies Z. e. wetmorei and Z. e. tahanensis have been transferred to Z. auriventer (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) following morphological comparisons exploring the relationships of Zosterops in the Thai-Malay Peninsula (Wells 2017a, b)." 155183519,Catharus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,maculatus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)","Catharus dryas has been split into Gould's Nightingale-thrush C. dryas and Sclater's Nightingale-thrush C. maculatus following Halley et al. (2017), whose conclusions are fully backed when the Tobias yardstick approach (Tobias et al. 2010) is applied to their data. C. maculatus emerges as a species with; effect size for wing-length ‒3.49 (score 2); effect size for bill shape 1.1 (score 1); streaked throat (1); absence of subtle yellow-olive wash to upper- and underparts in life (?1); effect size for number of notes in song ‒5.26 (3); effect size for song duration 8.12 (3)." 155187257,Pelecanoides whenuahouensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pelecanoides,whenuahouensis,,,,,"Fischer et al., 2018","Pelecanoides georgicus has been split into South Georgia Diving-petrel P. georgicus and Whenua Hou Diving-petrel following the application of the Tobias et al. (2010) criteria by Fischer et al. (2018) to a new form of South Georgia Diving-petrel, upon which it emerges as a species on the basis of a score of 8 in comparison with the population of P. georgicus from the South Atlantic Ocean and a score of 9 in comparison with that from the South Indian Ocean. 

There is a technical problem with the authors’ scoring of the two biometric characters, because they could be said to co-vary with the greater size of NZ birds. However, their data indicate that the bill of NZ birds is actually slightly shorter than those of birds from other populations, so the depth could be interpreted as independent of body size and the other character used. The authors appear to have used standard errors rather than standard deviations in their calculations. However, converting SE to SD yields scores of 1 as they indicated. While the scores for plumage differences in the original description are possibly on the generous side, the taxon is clearly valid, but much more study is needed to demonstrate the strength and consistency of the diagnostic characters. With these reservations, its status as a species is nonetheless accepted here." 155187102,Pelecanoides georgicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pelecanoides,georgicus,,,,,"Murphy & Harper, 1916","Pelecanoides georgicus has been split into South Georgia Diving-petrel P. georgicus and Whenua Hou Diving-petrel following the application of the Tobias et al. (2010) criteria by Fischer et al. (2018) to a new form of South Georgia Diving-petrel, upon which it emerges as a species on the basis of a score of 8 in comparison with the population of P. georgicus from the South Atlantic Ocean and a score of 9 in comparison with that from the South Indian Ocean. 

There is a technical problem with the authors’ scoring of the two biometric characters, because they could be said to co-vary with the greater size of NZ birds. However, their data indicate that the bill of NZ birds is actually slightly shorter than those of birds from other populations, so the depth could be interpreted as independent of body size and the other character used. The authors appear to have used standard errors rather than standard deviations in their calculations. However, converting SE to SD yields scores of 1 as they indicated. While the scores for plumage differences in the original description are possibly on the generous side, the taxon is clearly valid, but much more study is needed to demonstrate the strength and consistency of the diagnostic characters. With these reservations, its status as a species is nonetheless accepted here." 155190014,Machaeropterus eckelberryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Machaeropterus,eckelberryi,,,,,"Lane et al., 2017","Painted Manakin Machaeropterus eckelberryi is accepted as a newly described species following Lane et al. (2017), with additional support for species level divergence from both M. striolatus and M. regulus from a detailed vocal analysis (Boesman 2016), resulting in a score of 7 for M. eckelberryi versus M. striolatus, and 6-7 versus M. regulus. Further, the new taxon greatly resembles M. striolatus aureopectus, which achieves a score of 5 on morphological differences alone from M. regulus (del Hoyo et al. 2016). Versus M. striolatus the score is augmented by 1 for the darker green-olive upperparts and may even merit a further score of 1 for longer wings/primary extension, although this must await a larger sample in particular of M. s. aureopectus." 155019839,Otus cyprius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,cyprius,,,,,"(von Madarász, 1901)",Otus scops has been split into Eurasian Scops-owl O. scops and Cyprus Scops-owl O. cyprius on the basis on significant vocal differences and minor plumage characteristics following a detailed review by Flint et al. 2015). 22693632,Haematopus finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,finschi,,,,,"Martens, 1897","Haematopus ostralegus and H. finschi were previously lumped as H. ostralegus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), but have once more been recognised as species following a review of additional material allowing the scoring of the taxa against each other and H. longirostris, H. chathamensis, and H. unicolor (G. Ehmke in litt. 2015, Hayman et al. 1986, Marchant and Higgins 1993). This restores the taxonomic position of the two species prior to del Hoyo and Collar (2014).

" 155218901,Pycnonotus simplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,simplex,,,,,"Lesson, 1839","Pycnonotus simplex has been split into Cream-vented Bulbul P. simplex and Cream-eyed Bulbul P. pseudosimplex after Shakya et al. (2019) discovered that white-eyed birds on Borneo hitherto considered variants of red-eyed P. simplex are genetically distinct and more closely related to Ashy-fronted Bulbul P. cinereifrons of Palawan, while Bornean P. simplex are sister to white-eyed P. simplex of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Since they are sympatric with red-eyed birds, white-eyed Bornean birds must constitute a species, P. pseudosimplex.

Apart from the molecular difference the new form differs by its iris colour (score 3), ‘in being yellower on the throat and vent, creating greater contrast with the darker breast and flanks’ (1), and in seemingly small morphometric characters, with a shorter, shallower bill—when data on males (the paper does not discriminate by sex) are compared, P. pseudosimplex has a mean bill depth of 4.06 SD 0.31 (n=7) vs 4.66 SD 0.23 (n=5) resulting in an effect size of ₋2.21 (score 2)." 155219571,Pycnonotus pseudosimplex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,pseudosimplex,,,,,"Shakya et al., 2019","Pycnonotus simplex has been split into Cream-vented Bulbul P. simplex and Cream-eyed Bulbul P. pseudosimplex after Shakya et al. (2019) discovered that white-eyed birds on Borneo hitherto considered variants of red-eyed P. simplex are genetically distinct and more closely related to Ashy-fronted Bulbul P. cinereifrons of Palawan, while Bornean P. simplex are sister to white-eyed P. simplex of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Since they are sympatric with red-eyed birds, white-eyed Bornean birds must constitute a species, P. pseudosimplex. 

Apart from the molecular difference the new form differs by its iris colour (score 3), ‘in being yellower on the throat and vent, creating greater contrast with the darker breast and flanks’ (1), and in seemingly small morphometric characters, with a shorter, shallower bill—when data on males (the paper does not discriminate by sex) are compared, P. pseudosimplex has a mean bill depth of 4.06 SD 0.31 (n=7) vs 4.66 SD 0.23 (n=5) resulting in an effect size of ₋2.21 (score 2)." 155223332,Phylloscopus presbytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,presbytes,,,,,"(Blyth, 1870)","Phylloscopus presbytes has been split into Timor Leaf-warbler P. presbytes and Rote Leaf-warbler P. rotiensis after Ng et al. (2018).

The previously undescribed taxon, in comparison with P. presbytes, differs by its; greater bill length, possibly related to a bark-gleaning habit unusual in leaf-warblers (16.3 [n=1] vs 13.4 [n=2] (allow 3); much stronger pale yellow median crown-stripe (2); wholly yellow-orange vs mostly dark lower mandible (1); richer yellow underparts, supercilium and ear-coverts (2); brighter olive-brown upperparts (ns[1]).

The proposed treatment of P. presbytes floresianus in Ng et al. (2018), called Seicercus floris in Eaton et al. (2016) is not accepted: the latter suggested 'differences in plumage and voice', but no vocal differences were found by Ng et al. (2018), the plumage differences are not quantified, and the taxon was not included in genetic sampling. Consequently the treatment of the taxon as a subspecies of P. presbytes is upheld." 155224052,Phylloscopus rotiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,rotiensis,,,,,"Ng et al., 2018","Phylloscopus presbytes has been split into Timor Leaf-warbler P. presbytes and Rote Leaf-warbler P. rotiensis after Ng et al. (2018). 

The previously undescribed taxon, in comparison with P. presbytes, differs by its; greater bill length, possibly related to a bark-gleaning habit unusual in leaf-warblers (16.3 [n=1] vs 13.4 [n=2] (allow 3); much stronger pale yellow median crown-stripe (2); wholly yellow-orange vs mostly dark lower mandible (1); richer yellow underparts, supercilium and ear-coverts (2); brighter olive-brown upperparts (ns[1])." 22708574,Myadestes lanaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Myadestes,lanaiensis,,,,,"(Wilson, 1891)", 155254743,Megascops gilesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,gilesi,,,,,"Krabbe, 2017","Santa Marta Screech-owl Megascops gilesi is recognised as a species, having first been noted to differ from the rest of the series of M. choliba seen by Todd and Carriker (1922), and finally described by Krabbe (2017). Genetic analysis indicates that it is indeed distinct from other Megascops, with a minimum uncorrected genetic distance of 6.1% (from M. watsonii usta) higher than that recovered between other Megascops species (Dantas et al. 2016). 

Unfortunately the detail of the vocal analysis is unclear as the five taxa for which measured parameters overlap do not appear to be identified, and the differences are not scored (Krabbe 2017). Equally only a description of the plumage is given, rather than a treatment that assesses the differences between taxa. However the sonogram suggests at least a moderately distinctive song, and the phylogenetic position indicated by Dantas et al. (2016) is strong reason to accept that the distinction is indeed a valid full species." 154625453,Macropygia macassariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,macassariensis,,,,,"Wallace, 1865","Following extensive museum work appraising morphological differences, in addition to differences in vocalisations (Ng et al. 2016, Eaton et al. 2016) , Dusky Cuckoo-dove has been split into Timor Cuckoo-dove M. magna, Flores Sea Cuckoo-dove M. macassariensis and Tanimbar Cuckoo-dove M. timorlaoensis." 154625942,Macropygia timorlaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Macropygia,timorlaoensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1884","Following extensive museum work appraising morphological differences, in addition to differences in vocalisations (Ng et al. 2016, Eaton et al. 2016), Dusky Cuckoo-dove has been split into Timor Cuckoo-dove M. magna, Flores Sea Cuckoo-dove M. macassariensis and Tanimbar Cuckoo-dove M. timorlaoensis." 22725044,Acanthis flammea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Acanthis,flammea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

Acanthis flammea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following Ottvall et al. (2002).

22709717,Calliope obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Calliope,obscura,,,,,"(Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891)","

Calliope obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22690195,Columba argentina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,argentina,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1855", 22685295,Poicephalus senegalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,senegalus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 155093173,Malurus lamberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,lamberti,,,,,"Vigors & Horsfield, 1827","Malurus lamberti has been split into Variegated Fairy-wren M. lamberti (monotypic) and Purple-backed Fairy-wren M. assimilis (with races rogersi, dulcis and bernieri) following the proposal by McLean et al. (2017) upon finding that the two forms occur in close proximity with very little hybridisation along the Great Dividing Range. Using information from the paper, it appears that M. lamberti separates from M. assimilis and other subspecies by its; much paler, brighter shade of (different) blues on crown, ear-coverts and mantle (score = 3); extensive fawn-grey vs reduced fawn-grey to pale cinnamon flanks (1); longer tail (no raw data given, but at least 1); and either parapatric distribution (score 3) or very narrow hybrid zone (2; latter preferred on the evidence provided)." 155093185,Malurus assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Malurus,assimilis,,,,,"North, 1901","Malurus lamberti has been split into Variegated Fairy-wren M. lamberti (monotypic) and Purple-backed Fairy-wren M. assimilis (with races rogersi, dulcis and bernieri) following the proposal by McLean et al. (2017) upon finding that the two forms occur in close proximity with very little hybridisation along the Great Dividing Range. Using information from the paper, it appears that M. lamberti separates from M. assimilis and other subspecies by its; much paler, brighter shade of (different) blues on crown, ear-coverts and mantle (score = 3); extensive fawn-grey vs reduced fawn-grey to pale cinnamon flanks (1); longer tail (no raw data given, but at least 1); and either parapatric distribution (score 3) or very narrow hybrid zone (2; latter preferred on the evidence provided)." 22714839,Acrocephalus taiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,taiti,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1913", 22722239,Poospiza rufosuperciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,rufosuperciliaris,,,,,"Blake & Hocking, 1974","

Poospiza rufosuperciliaris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22734130,Accipiter striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,striatus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1807", 22678122,Apteryx australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,APTERYGIDAE,Apteryx,australis,,,,,"Shaw, 1813","Apteryx australis, A. mantelli and A. rowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously treated as A. australis and A. mantelli (incorporating rowi) following Baker et al. (1995); prior to that all three taxa were lumped as A. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22681981,Aulacorhynchus huallagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Aulacorhynchus,huallagae,,,,,"Carriker, 1933", 22681269,Colaptes atricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,atricollis,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1850)", 22735845,Cursorius cursor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Cursorius,cursor,,,,,"(Latham, 1787)", 22721012,Emberiza schoeniclus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,schoeniclus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720030,Fringilla coelebs,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Fringilla,coelebs,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22714741,Acrocephalus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,palustris,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1798)", 22714722,Acrocephalus scirpaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,scirpaceus,,,,,"(Hermann, 1804)", 22718575,Anthus rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,rubescens,,,,,"(Tunstall, 1771)", 22686845,Apus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,pacificus,,,,,"(Latham, 1802)", 22695063,Harpagus diodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Harpagus,diodon,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22727969,Himantopus himantopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,RECURVIROSTRIDAE,Himantopus,himantopus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Himantopus himantopus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as H. himantopus, H. leucocephalus and H. mexicanus and following AOU (1998) and SACC (2006). Prior to that, H. melanurus had been split from H. mexicanus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727459,Hypotaenidia tertia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,tertia,,,,,"(Mayr, 1949)","

Hypotaenidia woodfordi, H. tertia and H. immaculata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously previously placed in the genus Nesoclopeus and lumped as N. woodfordi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22734747,Iduna pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Iduna,pallida,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1833)",

Iduna pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hippolais pallida.

103676114,Machaeropterus striolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Machaeropterus,striolatus,,,,,"(Hahn, 1819)","Machaeropterus regulus and M. striolatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. regulus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 131366585,Myiodynastes chrysocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiodynastes,chrysocephalus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Myiodynastes hemichrysus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) contains the subspecies minor and cinerascens, which were previously included within M. chrysocephalus. Myiodynastes chrysocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is monotypic.

" 103817919,Neochmia evangelinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Neochmia,evangelinae,,,,,"(D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)","

Neochmia phaeton and N. evangelinae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as N. phaeton following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22679678,Odontophorus strophium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,strophium,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 22709724,Calliope pectardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Calliope,pectardens,,,,,"David, 1871","

Calliope pectardens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22714751,Acrocephalus stentoreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,stentoreus,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1833)", 104007058,Alaudala rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alaudala,rufescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1820)","

Calandrella rufescens (AERC TAC [2003]; Cramp et al. [1977-1994]; Dowsett & Forbes-Watson [1993]; Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) and C. cheleensis (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped into Alaudala rufescens following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

" 22678691,Alectoris chukar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Alectoris,chukar,,,,,"(Gray, 1830)", 22717236,Ammomanes cinctura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Ammomanes,cinctura,,,,,"(Gould, 1839)", 22680186,Anas platyrhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,platyrhynchos,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Anas platyrhynchos and A. fulvigula (incorporating diazi) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously treated as A. platyrhynchos (incorporating diazi) and A. fulvigula following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103821389,Anthus richardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,richardi,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818",

Anthus richardi and A. cinnamomeus (del Hoyo and Collar (2016) were previously lumped as A. richardi following AERC TAC (2003); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993).

103821527,Anthus similis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,similis,,,,,"Jerdon, 1840","

Anthus similis and A. nyassae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. similis following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp and Simmons (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993). Anthus longicaudatus is no longer recognized as a species, following del Hoyo and Collar (2016); available material in museums is an amalgam of specimens of A. vaalensis and A. similis.

" 22697555,Platalea leucorodia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Platalea,leucorodia,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22707192,Pomarea whitneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,whitneyi,,,,,"Murphy & Mathews, 1928", 22686815,Apus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Apus,pallidus,,,,,"(Shelley, 1870)", 22696076,Aquila fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,fasciata,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1822)",Aquila fasciata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. fasciatus.

22696048,Aquila heliaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,heliaca,,,,,"Savigny, 1809", 22697043,Ardea alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,alba,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Ardea alba (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Casmerodius as C. albus. Casmerodius albus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was previously retained as a cross-regional species contra Christidis and Boles (2008) who moved C. albus into the genus Ardea and split it into two cross-regional species A. alba and A. modesta (note gender agreement of specific name for alba).

" 22698188,Ardenna carneipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Ardenna,carneipes,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)",Ardenna carneipes (del Hoyo et al. 2014) was previously placed in the genus Puffinus. 22689328,Athene noctua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Athene,noctua,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)", 22693052,Scolopax rusticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,rusticola,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22734661,Scytalopus rodriguezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,rodriguezi,,,,,"Krabbe, Salaman, Cortés, Quevedo, Ortega & Cadena, 2005", 22723537,Sporophila maximiliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,maximiliani,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851","

Sporophila maximiliani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oryzoborus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 61741628,Bubo africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,africanus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)","Bubo africanus and B. cinerascens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. africanus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22735635,Stachyris nonggangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,nonggangensis,,,,,"Zhou & Jiang, 2008", 22688938,Bubo ascalaphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,ascalaphus,,,,,"Savigny, 1809", 22694656,Sternula albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sternula,albifrons,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)",Sternula albifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22697109,Bubulcus ibis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Bubulcus,ibis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720513,Bucanetes githagineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Bucanetes,githagineus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22694666,Sternula saundersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sternula,saundersi,,,,,"(Hume, 1877)",Sternula saundersi was previously placed in the genus Sterna (del Hoyo et al. 2014).

22693427,Calidris alpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,alpina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22693464,Calidris falcinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,falcinellus,,,,,"(Pontoppidan, 1763)",Calidris falcinellus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Limicola. 22693359,Calidris tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Calidris,tenuirostris,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22689902,Caprimulgus aegyptius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,aegyptius,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22709936,Cercotrichas galactotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cercotrichas,galactotes,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)", 22727487,Charadrius alexandrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,alexandrinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Charadrius alexandrinus, C. dealbatus and C. nivosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. alexandrinus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22693770,Charadrius dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,dubius,,,,,"Scopoli, 1786", 22693759,Charadrius hiaticula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,hiaticula,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22711234,Tichodroma muraria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Tichodroma,muraria,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22717855,Cinnyris asiaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,asiaticus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","

Cinnyris asiaticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia and listed as N. asiatica following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22694787,Chlidonias niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Chlidonias,niger,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22690066,Columba livia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,livia,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22683873,Cuculus canorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,canorus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22694081,Dromas ardeola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,DROMADIDAE,Dromas,ardeola,,,,,"Paykull, 1805", 22721020,Emberiza calandra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,calandra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Emberiza calandra (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Miliaria following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp and Simmons (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22717383,Galerida cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Galerida,cristata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22708028,Xenopirostris damii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Xenopirostris,damii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22693097,Gallinago gallinago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,gallinago,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Gallinago gallinago and G. delicata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. gallinago following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22693251,Xenus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Xenus,cinereus,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1775)", 62120190,Gallinula chloropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallinula,chloropus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Gallinula chloropus and G. galeata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. chloropus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22709791,Dessonornis caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Dessonornis,caffer,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)",

Dessonornis caffer (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cossypha caffra.

22708523,Zoothera margaretae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,margaretae,,,,,"(Mayr, 1935)", 22718294,Gymnoris xanthocollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Gymnoris,xanthocollis,,,,,"(Burton, 1838)","

Gymnoris xanthocollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Petronia following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp and Simmons (1977-1994); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22694524,Hydroprogne caspia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Hydroprogne,caspia,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)",Hydroprogne caspia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22713263,Hypocolius ampelinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HYPOCOLIIDAE,Hypocolius,ampelinus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22735766,Ixobrychus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ixobrychus,minutus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Ixobrychus minutus and I. dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as I. minutus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22697037,Egretta picata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Egretta,picata,,,,,"(Gould, 1845)",Egretta picata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ardea. 22683756,Merops apiaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,apiaster,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22725894,Merops cyanophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,cyanophrys,,,,,"(Cabanis & Heine, 1860)","

Merops orientalis, M. viridissimus and M. cyanophrys (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. orientalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22699271,Elaenia albiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Elaenia,albiceps,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22683740,Merops persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,persicus,,,,,"Pallas, 1773", 22697211,Nycticorax nycticorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Nycticorax,nycticorax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22690645,Oena capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Oena,capensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22720920,Emberiza caesia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,caesia,,,,,"Cretzschmar, 1828", 22710248,Oenanthe albonigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,albonigra,,,,,"(Hume, 1872)", 22710244,Oenanthe monacha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,monacha,,,,,"(Temminck, 1825)", 22721007,Emberiza pallasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,pallasi,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1851)", 103818789,Passer domesticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,domesticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Passer domesticus and P. italiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. domesticus following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 and supplements); Christidis and Boles (2008); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); SACC (2005 and updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996); Turbott (1990).

" 22696792,Phalacrocorax carbo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,carbo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696802,Phalacrocorax nigrogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Phalacrocorax,nigrogularis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899", 22720875,Emberiza siemsseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,siemsseni,,,,,"(Martens, 1906)","

Emberiza siemsseni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Latoucheornis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22693490,Phalaropus lobatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Phalaropus,lobatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697360,Phoenicopterus roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHOENICOPTERIFORMES,PHOENICOPTERIDAE,Phoenicopterus,roseus,,,,,"Pallas, 1811", 22697422,Plegadis falcinellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Plegadis,falcinellus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22693735,Pluvialis fulva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Pluvialis,fulva,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22692792,Porphyrio porphyrio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,porphyrio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22713590,Prinia gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Prinia,gracilis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 22698267,Puffinus persicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,persicus,,,,,"Hume, 1873","Puffinus lherminieri (incorporating baroli), P. bannermani, P. persicus, P. subalaris and P. bailloni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. lherminieri and baroli was subsumed under P. assimilis, following Brooke (2004), before which P. bannermani and P. persicus where split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22712681,Pycnonotus xanthopygos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,xanthopygos,,,,,"(Ehrenberg, 1833)", 22725141,Rallus aquaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,aquaticus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Rallus aquaticus and R. indicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. aquaticus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103815961,Riparia riparia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Riparia,riparia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Riparia riparia and R. diluta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. riparia following AERC TAC (2003), AOU (1998 and supplements), Cramp and Simmons (1977–1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22694623,Sterna hirundo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,hirundo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","The BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group is aware that phylogenetic analyses have been published which have proposed generic rearrangements which may affect this species, but prefers to wait until work by other taxonomists reveals how these changes affect the entire groups involved." 22709315,Ficedula albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,albicollis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 22696545,Tachybaptus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Tachybaptus,ruficollis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22683399,Todiramphus chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,chloris,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22688504,Tyto alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,TYTONIDAE,Tyto,alba,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1769)", 22694053,Vanellus gregarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,gregarius,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)", 22709217,Ficedula ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,ruficauda,,,,,"(Swainson, 1838)","

Ficedula ruficauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Muscicapa following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22686677,Hirundapus caudacutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Hirundapus,caudacutus,,,,,"(Latham, 1802)", 22712318,Hirundo atrocaerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,atrocaerulea,,,,,"Sundevall, 1850", 22714376,Horornis canturians,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SCOTOCERCIDAE,Horornis,canturians,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1860)",

Horornis canturians (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cettia canturians.

155108940,Microptilotis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,gracilis,,,,,"(Gould, 1866)","Microptilotis gracilis has been split as Graceful Honeyeater M. gracilis and Imitatress Honeyeater M. imitatrix after a scrupulous comparison by Nielsen (2018), which found that M. imitatrix differs by its; less circular, more wedge-shaped ‘ear-spot’ (1); navy blue vs dark brown iris (2); greyish-olive vs off-white belly and undertail-coverts (2); usually paler yellow gape (ns); hugely restricted vocal repertoire (‘only two simple vocalisations and possibly no song’) vs a ‘remarkable repertoire of complex vocalisations, all of which can be heard throughout its range’ (at least 3).
Previously M. gracilis and M. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were lumped as Meliphaga gracilis following Christidis and Boles (2008); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 155556942,Calotes zolaiking,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Calotes,zolaiking,,,,,"Giri, Chaitanya, Mahony, Lalrounga, Lalrichhana, Das, Sarkar, Karanth & Deepak, 2019", 155557125,Hemidactylus varadgirii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,varadgirii,,,,,"Chaityana, Agarwal, Lajmi & Khandekar, 2019","This species was described based on a lineage within the complex Hemidactylus brookii group, originally identified as being divergent by Agarwal et al. (2019)." 22734089,Iduna opaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Iduna,opaca,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)",

Iduna opaca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hippolais opaca.

103718932,Lanius excubitor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,excubitor,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Lanius excubitor, L. borealis and L. meridionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as L. excubitor following AOU (1998 and supplements), Cramp and Simmons (1977-1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705099,Lanius nubicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,nubicus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823", 22694308,Larus canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,canus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22729877,Larus glaucoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,glaucoides,,,,,"Meyer, 1822","Larus glaucoides and L. thayeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) have been lumped as L. glaucoides (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2018). Chesser et al. (2017) made Thayer’s Gull Larus thayeri a subspecies of Iceland Gull L. glaucoides, with the race L. g. kumlieni retained ‘as a separate group’ although the proposal (http://checklist.aou.org/assets/proposals/PDF/2017-C.pdf) on which the decision on thayeri was based argued that kumlieni is the product of non-assortative mating between the taxa thayeri and glaucoides; see also Ayyash (2017). The close relationship of thayeri and glaucoides is shown without commentary in Figure 8B in Sonsthagen et al. (2016). We accept Larus thayeri as a subspecies of L. glaucoides but treat kumlieni as an apparent hybrid population having no taxonomic status.

" 62030590,Larus smithsonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,smithsonianus,,,,,"Coues, 1862","Larus argentatus and L. smithsonianus (the latter including vegae and mongolicus) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. argentatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22709727,Larvivora brunnea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Larvivora,brunnea,,,,,"Hodgson, 1837","

Larvivora brunnea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Luscinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717411,Lullula arborea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Lullula,arborea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696734,Microcarbo pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Microcarbo,pygmaeus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)",Microcarbo pygmaeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phalacrocorax. 22708271,Monticola cinclorhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,cinclorhyncha,,,,,"(Vigors, 1832)","

Monticola cinclorhyncha (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as M. cinclorhynchus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103822349,Motacilla flava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,flava,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Motacilla flava and M. tschutschensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. flava following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22709207,Muscicapa dauurica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,dauurica,,,,,"Pallas, 1811", 22709204,Muscicapa sibirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,sibirica,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22709192,Muscicapa striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Muscicapa,striata,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22700152,Muscisaxicola capistratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Muscisaxicola,capistratus,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1860)", 22712194,Neophedina cincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Neophedina,cincta,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)",

Neophedina cincta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Riparia cincta.

 

22710312,Oenanthe cypriaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,cypriaca,,,,,"(Homeyer, 1884)", 22710292,Oenanthe finschii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,finschii,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1869)", 22710302,Oenanthe hispanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,hispanica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 106000073,Oenanthe lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,lugens,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)",

Oenanthe lugens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously split as O. lugens and O. lugentoides following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

22710295,Oenanthe picata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Oenanthe,picata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)", 22718197,Passer moabiticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERIDAE,Passer,moabiticus,,,,,"Tristram, 1864", 22710051,Phoenicurus ochruros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,ochruros,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1774)","Has hybridized with P. phoenicurus. Proposed subspecies aterrimus (Portugal, S & C Spain) merged with gibraltariensis. Subspecies phoenicuroides and rufiventris intergrade, with birds from W China (S Xinjiang) named as subspecies xerophilus probably intermediate between them; these taxa speculated to represent a separate species, but morphological differences not very strong and limited evidence suggests vocal homogeneity (Boesman 2016). Six subspecies recognized." 22710055,Phoenicurus phoenicurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Phoenicurus,phoenicurus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22734347,Phylloscopus burkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,burkii,,,,,"(E. Burton, 1836)",

Phylloscopus burkii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Seicercus burkii.

 

103843725,Phylloscopus collybita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,collybita,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)",

Phylloscopus collybita and P. tristis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. collybita following AERC TAC (2003).

 

22729520,Phylloscopus ibericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,ibericus,,,,,"Ticehurst, 1937", 22715249,Phylloscopus neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,neglectus,,,,,"Hume, 1870", 22731553,Phylloscopus nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,nitidus,,,,,"Blyth, 1843","

Phylloscopus trochiloides, P. nitidus and P. plumbeitarsus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. trochiloides (see AERC TAC [2003]; Cramp et al. [1977-1994]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]).

 

" 22728939,Phylloscopus sindianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,sindianus,,,,,"Brooks, 1879", 22692983,Pterocles alchata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PTEROCLIFORMES,PTEROCLIDAE,Pterocles,alchata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22692479,Rallus limicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,limicola,,,,,"Vieillot, 1819", 22694497,Rissa tridactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Rissa,tridactyla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720053,Serinus syriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Serinus,syriacus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 22723499,Sporophila cinnamomea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,cinnamomea,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1839)", 22723487,Sporophila palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,palustris,,,,,"(Barrows, 1883)", 22694607,Sterna striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,striata,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22694635,Sterna vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,vittata,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22694685,Sternula lorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sternula,lorata,,,,,"(Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)",Sternula lorata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

103874024,Curruca cantillans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,cantillans,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered conspecific with C. subalpina (AERC TAC 2003, Cramp et al. 1977-1994, Dowsett and Forbes-Watson 1993 and Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) (see related note/s). Subspecies inornata also proposed for species rank in course of separation of S. subalpina and description of iberiae (Svensson 2013a, Svensson 2013b), but plumage differences relatively weak and call differences slight (Boesman 2016). Some authors propose that albistriata be treated as a full species, but evidence not conclusive. Has apparently hybridized with C. melanocephala (Calvo 2016). Four subspecies recognized.

" 22716910,Curruca communis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,communis,,,,,"(Latham, 1787)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Geographical variation largely clinal, but subspecies form two rather well-differentiated groups: NW group contains nominate subspecies and volgensis, which intergrade widely in E Europe, and SE group comprises icterops and rubicola; groups intergrade in SE Europe, Turkey, Caucasus and Altai. Proposed subspecies jordansi (from British Is except SE & E England), cinerea (Scandinavia, Germany S to N Greece) and hoyeri (E from E Poland) synonymized with nominate, and traudeli (E Asia Minor) included in icterops. Four subspecies recognized." 22716976,Curruca conspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,conspicillata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)","Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Geographical variation minor; this species said to provide “an unexpected example of lack of diversification in a songbird occurring in oceanic islands” (Illera et al. 2014). Subspecies orbitalis appears to vary clinally from N to S; Madeira birds the most distinctive, and formerly separated as subspecies bella, while those from Cape Verde Is are closest to nominate, and those from Canary Is intermediate (underparts very much like nominate, upperparts more deeply coloured). Two subspecies recognized." 22734793,Curruca crassirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,crassirostris,,,,,"(Cretzschmar,1827)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered conspecific with C. hortensis following Cramp et al. (1977–1994), Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), but differs in its more clearly demarcated slaty crown and paler mantle and back (2); whiter underparts (1); slightly larger size including longer bill (effect size for bill 2.41, score 2); and different song, involving greater length of phrase (at least 2), number of notes per phrase (ns2), higher maximum number (five vs two) of repetitions of same note (3), and number of different note types per phrase (ns2). Form balchanica of dubious validity, perhaps part of a cline (Svensson 2012). Three subspecies currently recognized.

" 22734992,Curruca curruca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,curruca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered to constitute several species, with splits of althaea and minula (with margelanica) (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) from curruca (AOU 1998 and supplements; Dowsett and Forbes-Watson 1993; Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), and this may ultimately be more appropriate. Nuclear DNA, however, fails to support clades based on mtDNA, and, although althaea is relatively well marked, characters used to define species (and subspecies) limits prove too weak for taxa to pass tests of diagnosability (Olsson et al. 2013b). Treatment of these forms under a single species currently therefore inevitable (Dickinson and Christidis 2014).

Geographical variation largely clinal, subspecies halimodendri intergrading widely with nominate in S Siberia. Proposed subspecies caucasica (Turkey, Caucasus and N Iran) and zagrossiensis (SW Iran) barely separable from nominate; similarly, telengitica (Russian Altai and Mongolia) included in margelanica. Proposed subspecies snigirewskii (Turkmenistan) largely inseparable from minula, and jaxartica (S Kazakhstan) falls within range of clinal variation of halimodendri; poorly differentiated chuancheica (upper R Huang He, S of Gobi, in N China) included in margelanica. Birds from Alai and Pamir Ranges E to Tien Shan sometimes separated as subspecies monticola, but not reliably distinguishable from those in rest of range of althaea. Six subspecies recognized.

" 22735012,Curruca hortensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,hortensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Until recently considered conspecific with C. crassirostris (Cramp et al. 1977–1994, Dowsett and Forbes-Watson 1993, and Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993 (see related note/s). Newly described subspecies cyrenaicae based on specimen previously thought to represent crassirostris, but plumage and other characters indicate that it belongs with present species (Svensson 2012). Two subspecies recognized.

 

" 22716954,Curruca ruppeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,ruppeli,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Original species name likely an unintended misspelling, but original description yields no internal evidence to this effect; emendation to “rueppelli” therefore unjustified (Dickinson & Christidis 2014). Monotypic.

" 22735596,Curruca subalpina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SYLVIIDAE,Curruca,subalpina,,,,,"(Orlando, 1937)","

Previously placed in Sylvia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Often referred to by (sub)species epithet moltonii, but name subalpina is valid and has priority (Baccetti et al. 2007, Svensson 2013a). For long treated as a subspecies of C. cantillans (AERC TAC 2003, Cramp et al. 1977-1994, Dowsett and Forbes-Watson 1993 and Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), but recognized as being distinctive on account of call, moult strategy, delayed breeding season, and very divergent mtDNA; also, more recently, the two found to occur sympatrically in N Italy (Brambilla et al. 2008). Monotypic.

" 103715992,Terpsiphone paradisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,paradisi,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Terpsiphone paradisi, T. incei, T. affinis and T. floris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as T. paradisi following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22708790,Turdus feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,feae,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1887)", 22708768,Turdus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,torquatus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22708756,Turdus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,unicolor,,,,,"Tickell, 1833", 22725531,Turnix nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,nanus,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1851)","

Turnix hottentottus and T. nanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. hottentottus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), the gender agreement of which follows David and Gosselin (2002b), and before then were split as T. nana and T. hottentotta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22728950,Urile pelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Urile,pelagicus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)","Following Kennedy and Spencer (2014) the genus Phalacrocorax has been divided into six genera, with P. penicillatus, P. pelagicus and P. urile moved into Urile (HBW and BirdLife International 2018)." 154797026,Phaethornis major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,major,,,,,"Hinkelmann, 1989","Phaethornis bourcieri has been split into P. bourcieri and P. major Hinkelmann 1989, following genetic evidence that the latter is actually more closely related to P. philippii and P. koepckeae (Araujo-Silva et al. 2017), plus morphological characters supporting the separation." 155070829,Pyrrhura chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,chapmani,,,,,"Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941","Pyrrhura melanura has been split into P. melanura and P. chapmani following an assessment of the latter by Donegan et al. (2018), in light of the previous split of Maroon-tailed Parakeet into P. melanura and P. pacifica (del Hoyo and Collar 2014). While Donegan et al. (2018) are mistaken in scoring two covarying measurements twice, and only 1 is allowed for habitat difference, which in any case is not accepted here as too vague (the elevational difference may well be responsible for the increase in body size). However, in reviewing the photographs used to illustrate these differences it certainly appears that the blue primaries and the darker crown merit 2 each, the buffy nuchal region perhaps only 1 (3 seems extreme), but the size difference vs. melanura (mean wing 136.8 vs 126.6, tail 125.2 vs 109.9 in Table 1 in Ridgely & Robbins 1988, Wilson Bull. 100: 173-182) clearly scores 2, on which basis the form reaches and is accepted here as holding species rank." 155072212,Eclectus roratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eclectus,roratus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Eclectus Parrot Eclectus roratus has been split into Moluccan Eclectus E. roratus, Sumba Eclectus E. cornelia, Tanimbar Eclectus E. riedeli and Papuan Eclectus E. polychloros. Extensive museum work confirmed the four groups proposed as species on molecular data (Braun et al. 2017) do exceed the threshold of 7 under the Tobias criteria (Tobias et al. 2010) and are therefore accepted as species." 155109013,Microptilotis imitatrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,imitatrix,,,,,"(Mathews, 1912)","Microptilotis gracilis has been split as Graceful Honeyeater M. gracilis and Imitatress Honeyeater M. imitatrix after a scrupulous comparison by Nielsen (2018), which found that M. imitatrix differs by its; less circular, more wedge-shaped ‘ear-spot’ (1); navy blue vs dark brown iris (2); greyish-olive vs off-white belly and undertail-coverts (2); usually paler yellow gape (ns); hugely restricted vocal repertoire (‘only two simple vocalisations and possibly no song’) vs a ‘remarkable repertoire of complex vocalisations, all of which can be heard throughout its range’ (at least 3).
Previously M. gracilis and M. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were lumped as Meliphaga gracilis following Christidis and Boles (2008); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 155158005,Zosterops japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,japonicus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1845","Zosterops japonicus has been split into Z. japonicus and Z. simplex, and Z. montanus has been lumped with the resulting Z. japonicus following detailed work on genetics, morphology and vocalisations (Round et al. 2017, Lim et al. 2019).

Subspecies Z. j. hainanus has been transferred to Z. simplex (Handbook of the Birds of the World 2019, Lim et al. 2019). " 155185342,Arremon flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,flavirostris,,,,,"Swainson, 1838",Arremon flavirostris has been split into Saffron-billed Sparrow A. flavirostris and Stripe-crowned Sparrow A. dorbignii following the evidence of genetic separation and after comparison of museum specimens revealed that dorbignii differs by its; grey central crown-stripe vs none or just a grey nuchal patch (3); white vs black preocular supercilium (2); narrower breast-stripe (somewhat variable in other taxa; hence only 1); different song (at least 1). 155185351,Arremon dorbignii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,dorbignii,,,,,"Sclater, 1856",Arremon flavirostris has been split into Saffron-billed Sparrow A. flavirostris and Stripe-crowned Sparrow A. dorbignii following the evidence of genetic separation (Trujillo-Arias et al. 2017) and after comparison of museum specimens revealed that dorbignii differs by its; grey central crown-stripe vs none or just a grey nuchal patch (3); white vs black preocular supercilium (2); narrower breast-stripe (somewhat variable in other taxa; hence only 1); different song (at least 1). 155246763,Ortalis squamata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,squamata,,,,,"Lesson, 1829","Ortalis guttata, O. araucuan and O. squamata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guttata following Stotz et al. (1996) and SACC (2011), and before then were also lumped with O. colombiana as O. guttata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

The form remota has been recognised as a subspecies of O. guttata, having previously been an unrecognised form included within O. squamata, following the description of minor plumage differences in Silveira et al. (2017)." 155257123,Cypsiurus parvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypsiurus,parvus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)","Cypsiurus parvus has been split into African Palm-swift C. parvus and Madagascar Palm-swift C. gracilis, on the basis of striking vocal differences and notable morphological differences (Mills et al. 2019)." 155257132,Cypsiurus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypsiurus,gracilis,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1871)","Cypsiurus parvus has been split into African Palm-swift C. parvus and Madagascar Palm-swift C. gracilis, on the basis of striking vocal differences and notable morphological differences (Mills et al. 2019)." 22698039,Pterodroma ultima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,ultima,,,,,"Murphy, 1949", 155657173,Zoothera dauma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,dauma,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","The subspecies neilgherriensis has been moved from Z. aurea into Z. dauma, following song analysis that showed it to belong with the latter species (Weir 2018).

Previously, Zoothera dauma (Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]) and Z. imbricata (Collar [2004]) were lumped together into Z. dauma and subsequently split into Z. dauma, Z. major and Z. aurea following del Hoyo and Collar (2016)." 22713919,Zosterops leucophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,leucophaeus,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)",

Zosterops leucophaeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Speirops leucophoeus.

22696637,Phaethon aethereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHAETHONTIFORMES,PHAETHONTIDAE,Phaethon,aethereus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22731796,Vireo chivi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,chivi,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","Vireo olivaceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been split into Red-eyed Vireo V. olivaceus and Chivi Vireo V. chivi, as previously adopted by Stotz et al. (1996). Battey and Klicka (2017) strengthen this case on the basis of complete genetic separation and entirely antithetical patterns of movement but make no attempt to consider morphological characters. Boesman (2016) provides further support via finding that there is an extreme likelihood that there are consistent differences between the songs, (allowing a score of 4), plus chivi has a dark brown versus ruby-red iris (3) and the different migratory habits (maximum permitted score 1). Consequently, Chivi Vireo V. chivi is accorded species status.

" 136019,Ommatotriton ophryticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Ommatotriton,ophryticus,,,,,"(Berthold, 1846)",We follow Litvinchuk et al. (2005) in separating this species from Ommatotriton vittatus. 103671170,Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cichlocolaptes,mazarbarnetti,,,,,"Mazar Barnett & Buzzetti, 2014", 155959799,Leiocassis rudicula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Leiocassis,rudicula,,,,,"Ng & Hadiaty, 2019", 22700886,Cotinga maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cotinga,maculata,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 155238855,Ortalis guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Ortalis,guttata,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)","Ortalis guttata, O. araucuan and O. squamata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guttata following Stotz et al. (1996) and SACC (2011), and before then were also lumped with O. colombiana as O. guttata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

The form remota has been recognised as a subspecies of O. guttata, having previously been an unrecognised form included within O. squamata, following the description of minor plumage differences in Silveira et al. (2017)." 22701397,Dysithamnus plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,plumbeus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 22733081,Glaucidium mooreorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,mooreorum,,,,,"Silva, Coelho & Gonzaga, 2002", 22724465,Glaucidium sanchezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,sanchezi,,,,,"Lowery & Newman, 1949", 199660,Upeneus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,randalli,,,,,"Uiblein & Heemstra, 2011","Upeneus randalli was initially misidentified as U. margarethae, which was only known from a single record in the Arabian/Persian Gulf. It is clearly distinguished from other goatfish species in this region (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 22687614,Amazilia castaneiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,castaneiventris,,,,,"Gould, 1856", 22678625,Megapodius pritchardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,pritchardii,,,,,"Gray, 1864", 22706104,Macgregoria pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Macgregoria,pulchra,,,,,"De Vis, 1897", 155249960,Remiz pendulinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,REMIZIDAE,Remiz,pendulinus,,,,,"(Linaeus, 1758)","Remiz macronyx has been lumped with Eurasian Penduline-tit R. pendulinus, after detailed molecular analysis (Barani-Beiranvand et al. 2017) suggested that there is very little difference between the forms and that R. pendulinus/macronyx, R. coronatus and R. consobrinus form three independent evolutionary lineages.

Further support for the two superficial distinctive types actually belonging to a single species can be found in the taxonomic notes in the Checklist, which mention taxa (bostanjogli, loudoni and altaicus) now known to be hybrids between the two species, while R. m. ssaposhnikowi is so variable that it, too, is probably better considered a hybrid, and the race R. p. caspius is admitted as possibly better belonging with R. macronyx. Such taxonomic uncertainty suggests a boundary between the two species so porous that the only reasonable course is to treat them as one. " 22702869,Philydor novaesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Philydor,novaesi,,,,,"Teixeira & Gonzaga, 1983", 22724477,Formicivora acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,acutirostris,,,,,"(Bornschein, Reinert & Teixera, 1995)",

Formicivora acutirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stymphalornis acutirostris.

 

22707224,Clytorhynchus hamlini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Clytorhynchus,hamlini,,,,,"(Mayr, 1931)", 22684524,Eos semilarvata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eos,semilarvata,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22700718,Lipaugus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,ater,,,,,"(Férussac, 1829)",Lipaugus ater (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Tijuca atra. 22685428,Loriculus flosculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,flosculus,,,,,"Wallace, 1864", 103730380,Callaeas cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALLAEIDAE,Callaeas,cinereus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","

Callaeas cinereus and C. wilsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinereus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Turbott (1990).

" 183656,Ancylopsetta dendritica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Ancylopsetta,dendritica,,,,,Gilbert 1890, 22735151,Spelaeornis chocolatinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,chocolatinus,,,,,"(Godwin-Austen & Walden, 1875)", 22707313,Symposiachrus menckei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,menckei,,,,,"(Heinroth, 1902)",

Symposiachrus menckei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha menckei.

22732420,Megapodius tenimberensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,tenimberensis,,,,,"P.L. Sclater, 1883", 156302218,Nothobranchius angelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,angelae,,,,,"Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt, 2019","

Following its early discovery in 1893 and more recent collections since 1978, populations of this species were referred to N. taeniopygus, based on general similarities of colour pattern with that species. The differences described by Wildekamp (1990) in colour pattern and morphology were attributed at the time to interpopulation variation; so specimens of this species were included in the redescription as representatives of N. taeniopygus. However, more recent morphometric and molecular analyses on a broader range of specimens confirmed the distinction from N. taeniopygus and the species was described as N. angelae by Watters et al. in 2019.

" 156302239,Nothobranchius ottoschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,ottoschmidti,,,,,"Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt, 2019","

Following its discovery in 1940 by Vanderplank, populations representing this species were regarded by Wildekamp (1990) as variants of N. taeniopygus, based on some general similarities of colour pattern with that species, although lacking in the prominent white subdistal band in the caudal fin.

Since the redescription by Wildekamp (1990), many more populations of members of the N. taeniopygus group across a wide distribution range in western and central Tanzania have been found. These resulted in the name N. taeniopygus or N. aff. taeniopygus being attached to various populations, and notable differences, primarily in colour pattern, led to the informal designation of numerous ‘phenotypes’ by Wildekamp (2004). Populations of this species had been regarded as associated to ‘phenotype 2’ (Wildekamp 2004). Morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed the distinction from N. taeniopygus and the species was described as N. ottoschmidti by Watters et al. in 2019.

" 156302263,Nothobranchius sonjae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,sonjae,,,,,"Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt, 2019","

Following its discovery in 1992, populations of this species were referred to N. taeniopygus, based on some general similarities of colour pattern with that species. Since the redescription by Wildekamp (1990), many more populations of members of the N. taeniopygus group across a wide distribution range in western and central Tanzania have been found. These resulted in the name N. taeniopygus or N. aff. taeniopygus being attached to various populations, and notable differences, primarily in colour pattern, led to the informal designation of numerous ‘phenotypes’ by Wildekamp (2004). Populations of this species had been regarded as representing ‘phenotype 2’ (Wildekamp 2004). Morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed the distinction from N. taeniopygus and the species was described as N. sonjae by Watters et al. in 2019.

" 156302297,Nothobranchius rungwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,rungwaensis,,,,,"Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt, 2019","

Following its discovery in 1994, populations of this species were referred to as N. taeniopygus, based on general similarities of colour pattern with that species. Since the redescription by Wildekamp (1990), many more populations of members of the N. taeniopygus group across a wide distribution range in western and central Tanzania have been found. These resulted in the name N. taeniopygus or N. aff. taeniopygus being attached to various populations, and notable differences, primarily in colour pattern, led to the informal designation of numerous ‘phenotypes’ by Wildekamp (2004). Populations of this species had been regarded as representing ‘phenotype 2’ (Wildekamp, 2004). Morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed the distinction from N. taeniopygus and the species was described as N. rungwaensis by Watters et al. in 2019.

" 156302361,Nothobranchius skeltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,skeltoni,,,,,"Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt, 2019","

Following its discovery in 1990, populations of this species were referred to N. taeniopygus, based on some similarities of colour pattern with that species. Since the redescription by Wildekamp (1990), many more populations of members of the N. taeniopygus group across a wide distribution range in western and central Tanzania have been found. These resulted in the name N. taeniopygus or N. aff. taeniopygus being attached to various populations, and notable differences, primarily in colour pattern, led to the informal designation of numerous ‘phenotypes’ by Wildekamp (2004). Populations of this species had been regarded as representing ‘phenotype 3’ (Wildekamp, 2004). Morphometric and molecular analyses confirmed the distinction from N. taeniopygus and the species was described as N. skeltoni by Watters et al. in 2019.

" 22731107,Certhia tianquanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CERTHIIDAE,Certhia,tianquanensis,,,,,"Li, 1995", 183537,Etropus ectenes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Etropus,ectenes,,,,,Jordan 1889, 183761,Hippoglossina macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Hippoglossina,macrops,,,,,Steindachner 1876, 183933,Hippoglossina tetrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Hippoglossina,tetrophthalma,,,,,(Gilbert 1890), 183547,Syacium latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,latifrons,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)",It is easily confused with Syacium ovale (Murakami and Amaoka 1992). 183687,Syacium longidorsale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,longidorsale,,,,,"Murakami & Amaoka, 1992",This species is very similar to the congener Syacium ovale (Murakami and Amaoka 1992). 183823,Syacium maculiferum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,maculiferum,,,,,"(Garman, 1899)", 183268,Syacium ovale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Syacium,ovale,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 22723656,Diglossa gloriosissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Diglossa,gloriosissima,,,,,"Chapman, 1912", 22698567,Hydrobates hornbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,hornbyi,,,,,"(G.R. Gray, 1864)",Hydrobates hornbyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 22693962,Vanellus macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,macropterus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 22698543,Hydrobates markhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,markhami,,,,,"(Salvin, 1883)",Hydrobates markhami (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 22734623,Paradoxornis margaritae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Paradoxornis,margaritae,,,,,"(Delacour, 1927)","

The genus Paradoxornis has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Psittiparus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019), though this taxon was not included in that analysis. It had formerly been placed in Paradoxornis.
Formerly considered conspecific with P. gularis. Monotypic.

 

" 22735664,Robsonius sorsogonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Robsonius,sorsogonensis,,,,,"(Rand & Rabor, 1967)", 22714341,Megazosterops palauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Megazosterops,palauensis,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1915)", 22683328,Todiramphus albonotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,albonotatus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1885)", 22692441,Hypotaenidia owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,owstoni,,,,,"Rothschild, 1895",Hypotaenidia owstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus. 22684689,Charmosyna diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Charmosyna,diadema,,,,,"(Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860)", 22724425,Phylloscartes kronei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,kronei,,,,,"Willis & Oniki, 1992", 11638,Leptailurus serval,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Leptailurus,serval,,,,,"(Schreber, 1776)","A recent molecular phylogenetic study revealed that the Serval is closely related to both the African Golden Cat (Caracal aurata) and the Caracal (Caracal caracal) (Johnson et al. 2006), diverging from a common ancestor approximately 5.4 million years ago, though distinct enough to be monospecific (O’Brien and Johnson 2007). The Serval taxonomy is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group (Thiel 2015). Only one subspecies is recognised from within the assessment region, L. s. serval (Meester et al. 1986)." 54459,Adenomus kelaartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Adenomus,kelaartii,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 54683,Duttaphrynus kotagamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,kotagamai,,,,,"(Fernando & Dayawansa, 1994)", 54716,Duttaphrynus noellerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Duttaphrynus,noellerti,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 1998)", 57883,Microhyla karunaratnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,karunaratnei,,,,,"Fernando & Siriwardhane, 1996", 57895,Microhyla zeylanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,zeylanica,,,,,"Parker & Hill, 1949", 57988,Uperodon nagaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,nagaoi,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2001)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon." 57989,Uperodon obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,obscurus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon." 57990,Uperodon palmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Uperodon,palmatus,,,,,"(Parker, 1934)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Ramanella. Ramanella Rao & Ramanna, 1925 is now recognised as a junior synonym of Uperodon Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Peloso et al. 2016), hence the transfer of this species to the genus Uperodon." 58271,Minervarya greenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,greenii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognized as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya.

Krishnamurthy and Shakunthala (1993) reported this species from Karnataka, India. Dutta (1997) rejected the species' presence in India, but notes that there is an unspecified form of Fejervarya in Karnataka and Maharashtra that is closely related to F. greenii (S. Dutta pers. comm.)." 58274,Minervarya kirtisinghei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,kirtisinghei,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Gabadage, 1996)","When the first assessment for this species was published (in 2004) it was under the generic name Fejervarya. In 2009, the species was transferred to the genus Zakerana. Zakerana is now recognized as a junior synonym of Fejervarya (Dinesh et al. 2015), hence the species has been returned to the genus Fejervarya." 58324,Lankanectes corrugatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Lankanectes,corrugatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 58389,Nannophrys ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nannophrys,ceylonensis,,,,,"Günther, 1869", 58390,Nannophrys guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nannophrys,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882",The five available museum specimens require further comparison with specimens of Nannophrys ceylonensis. 58391,Nannophrys marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nannophrys,marmorata,,,,,"Kirtisinghe, 1946", 58604,Hydrophylax gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hydrophylax,gracilis,,,,,"(Gravenhorst, 1829)",Sri Lankan subpopulations from Galle and Udawatta that were previously assigned to I. aurantiaca have now been reallocated to this species (Biju et al. 2014). 174266186,Pseudophilautus abundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,abundus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)","We depart from the taxonomy on Amphibians of the World, and consider Pseudophilautus procrax to have been synonymised with this species as in Ellepola et al. (2021)." 58811,Pseudophilautus adspersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,adspersus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 58813,Pseudophilautus alto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,alto,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 174265411,Pseudophilautus asankai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,asankai,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)","We depart from the taxonomy on Amphibians of the World, and consider Pseudophilautus hoffmani to have been synonymised with this species as in Ellepola et al. (2021)." 58819,Pseudophilautus auratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,auratus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58825,Pseudophilautus caeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,caeruleus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58828,Pseudophilautus cavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,cavirostris,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)","We follow Bossuyt and Dubois (2001) in considering this species to be separate from Philautus microtympanum, and belonging to the genus Philautus, rather than Polypedates." 58833,Pseudophilautus cuspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,cuspis,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58835,Pseudophilautus dimbullae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,dimbullae,,,,,"(Shreve, 1940)","This species is considered distinct from Philautus microtympanum, following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005)." 58839,Pseudophilautus eximius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,eximius,,,,,"(Shreve, 1940)", 58840,Pseudophilautus extirpo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,extirpo,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58842,Pseudophilautus fergusonianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,fergusonianus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)", 58844,Pseudophilautus folicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,folicola,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58845,Pseudophilautus fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,fulvus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58852,Pseudophilautus halyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,halyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)",This species is considered distinct from Philautus leucorhinus following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005). 58855,Pseudophilautus hypomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,hypomelas,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 58862,Pseudophilautus leucorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,leucorhinus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)",Specimens recorded as Philautus temporalis and P. leucorhinus from the Western Ghats of India are now considered to be P. wynaadensis. P. temporalis and P. leucorhinus are endemic species of Sri Lanka (S.D. Biju and K. Manamendra-Arachchi pers. comm.; Bossuyt and Dubois 2001). 58863,Pseudophilautus limbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,limbus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58866,Pseudophilautus lunatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,lunatus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58869,Pseudophilautus malcolmsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,malcolmsmithi,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)",We consider this species to be distinct from Philautus leucorhinus following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005). 58874,Pseudophilautus microtympanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,microtympanum,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",This species is sometimes placed in the genus Rhacophorus. 58877,Pseudophilautus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,nanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)",This species was resurrected from the synonymy of Philautus microtympanum by Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi (1996). 58878,Pseudophilautus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,nasutus,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)", 58879,Pseudophilautus nemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,nemus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58881,Pseudophilautus ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,ocularis,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58883,Pseudophilautus oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)",This species is considered distinct from Philautus leucorhinus following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005). 174265859,Pseudophilautus pleurotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,pleurotaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1904)","This is a broader concept of Pseudophilautus pleurotaenia that now includes all the records from P. hoipolloi, as these species have been synonymized (Ellepola et al. 2021)." 58889,Pseudophilautus popularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,popularis,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58892,Pseudophilautus regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,regius,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 174266061,Pseudophilautus reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,reticulatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","We depart from the taxonomy on Amphibians of the World, and consider Pseudophilautus papillosus to have been synonymised with this species as in Ellepola et al. (2021)." 58895,Pseudophilautus rugatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,rugatus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)","This species is considered distinct from Philautus leucorhinus (Günther, 1858) following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005)." 58896,Pseudophilautus rus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,rus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58898,Pseudophilautus sarasinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,sarasinorum,,,,,"(Muller, 1887)",We consider this species to be distinct from Philautus nanus (Günther 1869) following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005). 58901,Pseudophilautus semiruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,semiruber,,,,,"(Annandale, 1913)",This species is known only from the holotype which has been lost. It is not currently possible to match this name to any known species in the wild. It was removed from the synonymy of Philautus leucorhinus following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005). 58904,Pseudophilautus silus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,silus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58905,Pseudophilautus simba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,simba,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58908,Pseudophilautus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,sordidus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)","This species is currently considered distinct from Pseudophilautus macropus following Ellepola et al. (2021). However, further taxonomic studies on this species are required." 58919,Pseudophilautus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,stellatus,,,,,"(Kelaart, 1853)", 58920,Pseudophilautus stictomerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,stictomerus,,,,,"(Günther, 1876)", 58924,Pseudophilautus temporalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,temporalis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Specimens formerly attributed to Philautus temporalis and P. leucorhinus from the Western Ghats are now correctly assigned to P. wynaadensis. P. temporalis and P. leucorhinus are now considered to be endemic species of Sri Lanka (S.D. Biju and K. Manamendra-Arachchi pers. comm.). 58931,Pseudophilautus variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,variabilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","Specimens formerly attributed to Philautus variabilis from the Western Ghats of India are now known to be misidentified P. wynaadensis. P. variabilis is endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is now considered to be extinct (K. Manamendra-Arachchi and S.D. Biju pers. comm.)." 58933,Pseudophilautus silvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,silvaticus,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58934,Pseudophilautus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,viridis,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58938,Pseudophilautus zal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,zal,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58939,Pseudophilautus zimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,zimmeri,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)",This species is considered distinct from Philautus microtympanum following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005). 58940,Pseudophilautus zorro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,zorro,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005)", 58943,Polypedates cruciger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,cruciger,,,,,"Blyth, 1852",Specimens previously attributed to this species from the Western Ghats of India have been assigned to Polypedates pseudocruciger (Das and Ravichandran 1998). 58946,Taruga eques,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Taruga,eques,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)",This species was previously placed in the genera Rhacophorus and Polypedates. 58947,Taruga fastigo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Taruga,fastigo,,,,,"(Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2001)", 58954,Taruga longinasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Taruga,longinasus,,,,,"(Ahl, 1927)", 59618,Ichthyophis glutinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,glutinosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","This is a poorly circumscribed species in need of taxonomic review (M. Wilkinson pers. comm.). Specimens from Welegama resemble Ichthyophis glutinosus, but appear to be more closely related to I. orthoplicatus. They could represent an undescribed cryptic species (Gower et al. 2005)." 59628,Ichthyophis orthoplicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,orthoplicatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1965","Specimens from Welegama resemble Ichthyophis glutinosus, but appear to be more closely related to I. orthoplicatus. They could represent an undescribed cryptic species (Gower et al. 2005)." 59631,Ichthyophis pseudangularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,pseudangularis,,,,,"Taylor, 1965", 61879,Pseudophilautus frankenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,frankenbergi,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)", 61883,Pseudophilautus mittermeieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,mittermeieri,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)", 61884,Pseudophilautus mooreorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,mooreorum,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)", 61887,Pseudophilautus poppiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,poppiae,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)", 61888,Pseudophilautus steineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,steineri,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)", 135839,Nannophrys naeyakai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Nannophrys,naeyakai,,,,,"Fernando, Wickramasingha & Rodirigo, 2007", 136000,Pseudophilautus maia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,maia,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi, Schneider & Pethiyagoda, 2007)", 136163,Pseudophilautus pardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,pardus,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi, Schneider & Pethiyagoda, 2007)", 187831,Pseudophilautus singu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,singu,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2009)", 187832,Pseudophilautus tanu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,tanu,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura, Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2009)", 79101722,Pseudophilautus bambaradeniyai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,bambaradeniyai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79101728,Pseudophilautus dayawansai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,dayawansai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79101734,Pseudophilautus hankeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,hankeni,,,,,"Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2011", 79101737,Pseudophilautus jagathgunawardanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,jagathgunawardanai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79101750,Pseudophilautus karunarathnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,karunarathnai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79101755,Pseudophilautus newtonjayawardanei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,newtonjayawardanei,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79101760,Pseudophilautus puranappu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,puranappu,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79101771,Pseudophilautus samarakoon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,samarakoon,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79101776,Pseudophilautus schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,schneideri,,,,,"Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2011", 79101779,Pseudophilautus sirilwijesundarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,sirilwijesundarai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana, Rajeev, Ariyarathne, Chanaka, Priyantha, Bandara & Wickramasinghe, 2013", 79102645,Polypedates ranwellai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,ranwellai,,,,,"Wickramasinghe, Munindradasa & Fernando, 2012", 22683479,Todiramphus tutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,tutus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22692211,Rhynochetos jubatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,EURYPYGIFORMES,RHYNOCHETIDAE,Rhynochetos,jubatus,,,,,"Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860", 244,Acipenser baerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Acipenser,baerii,,,,,"Brandt, 1869","As a result of most recent revisions of Acipenser baerii, the species is now accepted as monotypic; all previously described subspecies (A. b. baerii, A. b. baicalensis, A. b. stenorrhynchus, and A. b. chatys) are not valid (Ruban 2005)." 18600,Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Pseudoscaphirhynchus,hermanni,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)", 18599,Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ACIPENSERIFORMES,ACIPENSERIDAE,Pseudoscaphirhynchus,fedtschenkoi,,,,,"(Kessler, 1872)", 156720510,Barbatula toni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,toni,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1869)", 156720771,Oxynoemacheilus oxianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Oxynoemacheilus,oxianus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)", 156721009,Triplophysa paradoxa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,paradoxa,,,,,"(Turdakov, 1955)", 156721118,Iskandaria pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Iskandaria,pardalis,,,,,"(Turdakov, 1941)", 156720699,Iskandaria kuschakewitschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Iskandaria,kuschakewitschi,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1890)", 156721428,Triplophysa sewerzowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,sewerzowi,,,,,"(Nikolskii, 1938)", 156722271,Triplophysa coniptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,coniptera,,,,,"(Turdakov, 1954)", 156722500,Triplophysa dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,dorsalis,,,,,"(Kessler, 1872)", 156722567,Triplophysa labiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,labiata,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 156722955,Triplophysa strauchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,strauchii,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 39461,Troglocobitis starostini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Troglocobitis,starostini,,,,,"(Parin, 1983)", 156724186,Cnemaspis koynaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,koynaensis,,,,,"Khandekar, Thackeray & Agarwal, 2019", 156724226,Cnemaspis amba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,amba,,,,,"Khandekar, Thackeray & Agarwal, 2019", 156725073,Dzihunia amudarjensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Dzihunia,amudarjensis,,,,,"(Rass, 1929)", 156725357,Dzihunia turdakovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Dzihunia,turdakovi,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2003", 156725893,Misgurnus mohoity,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Misgurnus,mohoity,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1869)", 156726244,Cottus sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,sibiricus,,,,,"Warpachowski, 1889", 156726301,Cottus spinulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,spinulosus,,,,,"Kessler, 1872",The systematics and taxonomy of the sculpins from Centtral Asia need revision. Doukravets et al. (2002) revealed large introgression of morphological features of the sculpins. 131010092,Alburnoides taeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnoides,taeniatus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 39462,Aspiolucius esocinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Aspiolucius,esocinus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)","There is strong evidence that the genus Aspiolucius is a synonym of Leuciscus, and the species might be transferred to Leuciscus soon." 156729577,Oligosoma albornense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,albornense,,,,,"Melzer, Hitchmough, Bell, Chapple & Patterson, 2019","This species was previously included in the Oligosoma infrapunctatum species complex but had been recognized as a candidate species by multiple authors, under the informal names Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ""Chesterfield"" (a name properly applied to the sister species Oligosoma salmo) or Oligosomaa aff. infrapunctatum ""Alborn""." 156730072,Oligosoma auroraense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,auroraense,,,,,"Melzer, Hitchmough, Bell, Chapple & Patterson, 2019","This taxon, previously included within Oligosoma infrapunctatum, has been informally treated as a part of distinct species by several authors under the name Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ""southern North Island"" (and further split by van Winkel et al. 2018, who restricted its distribution to Hawke's Bay under the name Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ""Hawke's Bay""). Melzer et al. (2019) formally described this species, coining the name Oligosoma auroraensis later emended to O. aurorarense." 156730274,Oligosoma salmo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,salmo,,,,,"Melzer, Hitchmough, Bell, Chapple & Patterson, 2019","This taxon has previously been included within the O. infrapunctatum species complex, although since its discovery in 1993 it has been recognized as a candidate species under the common name 'Chesterfield skink' and, scientifically, by several authors under the name Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ""Chesterfield"". Melzer et al. (2019) formally described this species, and coined the name Oligosoma salmo for this taxon." 156730638,Oligosoma newmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,newmani,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985","Uncertainty surrounds the identity of 'true' Oligosoma infrapunctatum, whose type locality is unknown: an assumption that this was Stephens Island (Takapourewa) (McCann 1955) is now considered to be in error, as the species known from this island is not conspecific with the O. infrapunctatum holotype (Melzer et al. 2019). Melzer et al. (2019) resurrected the name Oligosoma newmani for the Takapourewa population. The concept applied by these authors encompassed the majority of South Island populations previously included within O. infrapunctatum, but they cautioned that significant morphological differences between island and mainland populations suggest that taxonomic issues are likely to remain within this clade despite relatively low genetic divergence." 156730906,Oligosoma robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Oligosoma,robinsoni,,,,,"Wells & Wellington, 1985","This taxon, previously included within Oligosoma infrapunctatum, has been informally treated as a distinct species by several authors under the name Oligosoma aff. infrapunctatum ""crenulate"". Melzer et al. (2019) formally described this species, and resurrected the name Oligosoma robinsoni for this taxon (excluding a genetically and morphologically distinct population from Granity and Hokitika in the South Island). These authors note morphological differences between mainland and island populations." 169620,Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Capoetobrama,kuschakewitschi,,,,,"(Kessler, 1872)","Two sub-species are sometimes recognised: Capoetobrama k. orientalis was found in Kazakhstan, in the Chu River from the lower reaches to the region of Frunze. Capoetobrama k. kuschakewitschi was found in the Syr Darya (up to Kara Darya at Balykchi) and Amu Darya (upto Panj), and Zeravshan rivers, in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Bogutskaya, pers. comm.), Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Both are treated as conspecific here." 156734047,Diptychus sewerzowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Diptychus,sewerzowi,,,,,"Kessler, 1872", 156734223,Gobio cynocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,cynocephalus,,,,,"Dybowski, 1869", 156734501,Gymnodiptychus dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnodiptychus,dybowskii,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 156735331,Rhynchocypris dementjevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,dementjevi,,,,,"(Turdakov & Piskarev, 1954)", 156735597,Phoxinus poljakowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,poljakowii,,,,,"Kessler, 1879", 156737101,Leuciscus baicalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,baicalensis,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1874)", 156737317,Leuciscus bergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,bergi,,,,,"Kashkarov, 1925", 156737870,Leuciscus latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,latus,,,,,"(Keyserling, 1861)",Leuciscus latus has not been found again since its description and its identity remains unclear. It cannot be excluded that the only individual known is a hybrid or an abnormal individual of another species. None of the records in the literature can be identified as this species with confidence. The holotypes also seem to be lost and the species name cannot be linked to any extant fish population. 156738072,Leuciscus lehmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,lehmanni,,,,,"Brandt, 1852", 156738646,Leuciscus lindbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,lindbergi,,,,,"Zanin & Eremejev, 1934", 156738797,Leuciscus schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,schmidti,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1896)", 166112,Mylopharyngodon piceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Mylopharyngodon,piceus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)","
" 156741963,Petroleuciscus squaliusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Petroleuciscus,squaliusculus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1872)", 156742076,Phoxinus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,brachyurus,,,,,"Berg, 1912", 156742102,Phoxinus issykkulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,issykkulensis,,,,,"Berg, 1912", 166136,Pseudorasbora parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Pseudorasbora,parva,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)",Pseudorasbora parva might be endemic to Japan and all the mainland and alien populations might belong to other species. This hypothesis must be further tested and then the assessment needs to be adapted. 19671,Rhodeus sericeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,sericeus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 156744412,Schizothorax argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,argentatus,,,,,"Kessler, 1874", 156749363,Triplophysa ulacholica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,ulacholica,,,,,"(Anikin, 1905)", 156750169,Luciobarbus caspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Luciobarbus,caspius,,,,,"(Berg, 1914)","The subspecies Barbus brachycephalus caspius Berg, 1914 has been regarded as a synonym  of Luciobarbus brachycephalus (Kessler 1872), but a valid subspecies (Bogutskaya and Naseka 2004). As it was stated by some researchers (Esmaeili et al. 2017) further studies are needed to describe the ecology of this subspecies. It differs in its large body size and differs from the Aral subspecies (Luciobarbus brachycephalus Kessler 1872) with its lower dorsal fin and shorter ventral and pectoral fins (Reshetnikov et al. 1997)." 156752119,Schizothorax intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,intermedius,,,,,"McClelland & Griffith, 1842", 156752554,Schizothorax pseudoaksaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,pseudoaksaiensis,,,,,"Herzenstein, 1889", 156754995,Anatirostrum profundorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Anatirostrum,profundorum,,,,,"(Berg, 1927)", 156755140,Benthophiloides turcomanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophiloides,turcomanus,,,,,"(Iljin, 1941)", 156755278,Benthophilus baeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,baeri,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 156755653,Benthophilus casachicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,casachicus,,,,,"Ragimov, 1978", 156755702,Benthophilus ctenolepidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,ctenolepidus,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 156755866,Benthophilus pinchuki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,pinchuki,,,,,"Ragimov, 1982", 156756575,Benthophilus grimmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,grimmi,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 156756692,Benthophilus kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,kessleri,,,,,"Berg, 1927", 156756871,Benthophilus leptocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,leptocephalus,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 156757038,Benthophilus leptorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,leptorhynchus,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 156757703,Benthophilus abdurahmanovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,abdurahmanovi,,,,,"Ragimov, 1978", 156758702,Benthophilus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,spinosus,,,,,"Kessler, 1877", 156758973,Benthophilus svetovidovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,svetovidovi,,,,,"Pinchuk & Ragimov, 1979", 156761759,Ponticola bathybius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,bathybius,,,,,"(Kessler, 1877)", 156761995,Neogobius caspius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Neogobius,caspius,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1831)", 18160537,Ponticola ratan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,ratan,,,,,(Nordmann 1840),The taxonomy of this species requires revision (Bogutskaya and Naseka 2013). 156763140,Ponticola goebelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ponticola,goebelii,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 40709,Perca schrenkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Perca,schrenkii,,,,,"Kessler, 1874", 20861,Sander marinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCIDAE,Sander,marinus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)",Appeared in the IUCN Red Lists from 1996 to 2006 under the name Stizostedion marinum. 156767039,Brachymystax lenok,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Brachymystax,lenok,,,,,"(Pallas, 1773)","In this assessment, we follow Fricke et al. (2020) in the taxonomy of the genus Brachymystax, with three valid species: B. lenok, B. savinovi and B. tumensis.

Taxonomically, many authors still group both so-called Sharp- and Blunt-snouted Lenoks under one species, Brachymystax lenok, but genetic data (see Froufe et al. 2008) support a distinct division between these phenotypes throughout their range (78 localities sampled). Froufe et al. (2008) also provide a rough distribution of both phenotypes. A summary of the distribution and morphological differences in these phenotypes is also provided in Alekseyev et al. (2003) and Alekseyev and Osinov (2006). Authors treating the Blunt-snouted Lenok as a distinct species, recognize the Sharp-snouted Lenok as B. lenok. Populations of Sharp-snouted Lenok from China and Republic of Korea are sometimes recognized as a subspecies B. lenok tsinlingensis or a species B. tsinlingensis (e.g. see Shao et al. 2019 and references therein). The Blunt-snouted Lenok are often treated as B. tumensis (Shedko 2001, Bogutskaya and Naseka 2004), but there is some disagreement or unclarity here, because the original description of B. tumensis from Korea does not seem to fit the phenotype of Blunt-snouted Lenok found over a large area of eastern Russia (see discussion in Kottelat 2006). It is likely that Blunt-snouted Lenok represent a distinct species from B. lenok but the proper nomenclature has not been clarified, and probably requires re-description (S. Weiss pers. comm. 2020). Brachymystax lenok, B. tumensis and B. lenok tsinglingensis were investigated morphologically with geometric morphometric analysis and nearly 100% diagnosis with discriminant analysis was achieved (Meng et al. 2018)." 156767157,Brachymystax savinovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Brachymystax,savinovi,,,,,"Mitrofanov, 1959","In this assessment, we follow Fricke et al. (2020) in the taxonomy of the genus Brachymystax, with three valid species: B. lenok, B. savinovi and B. tumensis.

Several authors consider this taxon to be a synonym of B. lenok (e.g. Shedko 2001, Bogutskaya and Naseka 2004)." 22691890,Didunculus strigirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Didunculus,strigirostris,,,,,"(Jardine, 1845)", 55492,Isthmohyla graceae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Isthmohyla,graceae,,,,,"(Myers & Duellman, 1982)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Isthmohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55674,Ecnomiohyla thysanota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,thysanota,,,,,"(Duellman, 1966)",This species was previously within the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 2477,Balaenoptera musculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,musculus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy (Committee on Taxonomy 2016) provisionally lists the following subspecies: Balaenoptera musculus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Northern Blue Whale (found in the North Atlantic and the North Pacific); B. m. intermedia (Burmeister, 1871) - Antarctic Blue Whale; B. m. indica (Blyth 1859) - Northern Indian Ocean Blue Whale; B. m. brevicauda (Ichihara, 1966) - Pygmy Blue Whale; and B. m. un-named subspecies - Chilean Blue Whale.

The nominate subspecies B. m. musculus refers at least to the North Atlantic Blue Whale which was the basis for the first description of the species by Linnaeus. Animals in the North Pacific are similar in size and morphology to North Atlantic Blue Whales and are also regarded as B. m. musculus, pending a genetic comparison of these populations. The Antarctic form B. m. intermedia is distinguished by its large body size and Antarctic distribution in summer. The Pygmy Blue Whale B. m. brevicauda has a number of morphological characteristics that distinguish it from B. m. intermedia and B. m. musculus. It occurs in the Indian Ocean, excluding the Antarctic, from Africa and Madagascar across to Indonesia and Australia, and in the southwestern Pacific, including Tasmania and New Zealand. Blue Whales in the northern Indian Ocean have been tentatively assigned the name B. m. indica, but a clear distinction between B. m. indica and B. m. brevicauda has not yet been established.

Blue Whales in the southeastern Pacific are intermediate in size between B. m. intermedia and B. m. brevicauda (Branch et al. 2007a) and are genetically differentiated from both groups (LeDuc et al. 2017). They are provisionally designated as an unnamed subspecies with the common name Chilean Blue Whales. Chilean Blue Whales are genetically most similar to Blue Whales in the northeast Pacific (LeDuc et al. 2017); investigations into the genetic and morphological distinction between these two groups are ongoing. The respective winter ranges of Blue Whales from the eastern South Pacific (Chilean Blue whales) and from the eastern North Pacific may overlap in the eastern equatorial Pacific but their breeding seasons are probably six months out of phase (LeDuc et al. 2017)." 9918,Arabitragus jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Arabitragus,jayakari,,,,,"(Thomas, 1894)","

The Arabian Tahr was removed from the Hemitragus genus and assigned the monotypic genus Arabitragus following research by Ropiquet and Hassanin (2005), which showed a weak genetic relationship with other Hemitragus species. The Arabian Tahr is most closely allied with the Ammotragus genus which has one living member, the Aoudad Ammotragus lervia. Ancestors of the Aoudad and Arabian Tahr are thought to have diverged around 4–7 Mya in North Africa and/or Arabia (Ropiquet and Hassanin 2005). This period coincides with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciations, and cooler, drier, and more variable climates (Peizhen et al. 2001).

" 20733,Stenella longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Stenella,longirostris,,,,,"(Gray, 1828)","Recent genetic work indicates that the genus Stenella is paraphyletic and it is likely that the Delphininae will be restructured in the coming years (LeDuc et al. 1999, Perrin et al. 2013).

Four subspecies of Spinner Dolphins are currently recognized: S. l. longirostris (Gray’s Spinner Dolphin), S. l. orientalis (Eastern Spinner Dolphin), S. l. centroamericana (Central American Spinner Dolphin) and S. l. roseiventris (Dwarf Spinner Dolphin) (Perrin 1990, Perrin et al. 1999). There is a zone of hydridisation between Gray’s Spinner and the Eastern Spinner where an intermediate form called the White-bellied Spinner occurs (Andrews et al. 2013). Smaller individuals in Arabian waters (Red Sea and Arabian Gulf) (Van Waerebeek et al. 1999) and morphologically different animals in West Africa may represent as yet undescribed subspecies (Cadenat 1959, Jefferson et al. 1997). Several studies have demonstrated significant meta-population genetic structure, especially where relatively insular dolphin communities are strongly associated with island resting habitat such as in the Hawaiian Archipelago (Andrews et al. 2013) and in the South Pacific (Oremus et al. 2007)." 22563,Tursiops truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Tursiops,truncatus,,,,,"(Montagu, 1821)","All Bottlenose Dolphins around the world were previously recognized as Tursiops truncatus, but currently, the genus is considered to be composed of two species: T. truncatus (Common Bottlenose Dolphin) and T. aduncus (the smaller Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin) (Wang et al. 1999, 2000a,b). The Common Bottlenose Dolphin has a worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate latitudes but exhibits a strong ability to adapt to local conditions, a complex social structure and strong site fidelity which results in considerable habitat partitioning throughout its range. This, in turn, has created strong population differentiation accompanied, in some cases, by marked morphological differentiation. The taxonomy of Bottlenose Dolphins is confused due to this geographical variation, and it is very possible that additional species will be recognized in the future.

Three subspecies are currently recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (2017) and a recent re-assessment of Tursiops taxonomy worldwide conducted by the International Whaling Commission confirmed their validity (IWC 2018). These subspecies are the Black Sea Bottlenose Dolphin (T. t. ponticus Barabash-Nikiforov, 1940) which differs morphologically and genetically from other forms including those in the nearby Mediterranean Sea (Barabash-Nikiforov 1960, Geptner et al. 1976, Natoli et al. 2005, Viaud-Martinez et al. 2008). The Lahille Bottlenose Dolphin (T. t. gephyreus) (Lahille, 1908), a larger form in the coastal waters of the western South Atlantic Ocean, is morphologically and genetically different from the offshore population in eastern South America (Costa et al. 2015, 2016; Fruet et al. 2011, 2015). The third subspecies is the nominate subspecies that includes the remaining Common Bottlenose Dolphins worldwide (T. t. truncatus (Montagu, 1821)). In the western North Atlantic, two forms, offshore and coastal, are distinguishable on the basis of morphology and ecological markers (Mead and Potter 1995) and have fixed genetic differences (Le Duc and Curry 1997, Hoelzel et al. 1998, Kingston et al. 2009, Rosel et al. 2009, Van Waerebeek et al. 2017a) and according to the recent IWC review the coastal population should be recognized as at least a different subspecies." 22723509,Sporophila melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,melanogaster,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1870)", 181326,Helostoma temminckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HELOSTOMATIDAE,Helostoma,temminckii,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829",The taxonomic status of populations from parts of the species range require confirmation. 169380,Cribroheros rhytisma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,rhytisma,,,,,"(López S., 1983)", 22732267,Chloropsis media,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,media,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22691445,Ptilinopus richardsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,richardsii,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1882)", 22698628,Hydrornis gurneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Hydrornis,gurneyi,,,,,"(Hume, 1875)",Hydrornis gurneyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta gurneyi. 135105,Sudanonautes monodi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Sudanonautes,monodi,,,,,"(Balss, 1929)","Bott (1955) treated this species as Sudanonautes (Convexonautes) aubryi monodi. Cumberlidge (1997, 1998, 1999) redescribed this species as Sudanonautes monodi." 157247863,Haliotis arabiensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,arabiensis,,,,,"Owen, Regter & Van Laethem, 2016", 134901,Potamonemus sachsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonemus,sachsi,,,,,"Cumberlidge, 1993","This species was described by Cumberlidge (1993) with additional localities and ecological notes provided by Cumberlidge (1997, 1998, 1999)." 22690758,Zenaida galapagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zenaida,galapagoensis,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22694479,Xema sabini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Xema,sabini,,,,,"(Sabine, 1819)", 22697810,Spheniscus demersus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Spheniscus,demersus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22697822,Spheniscus magellanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Spheniscus,magellanicus,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 22679896,Anser caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anser,caerulescens,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Anser caerulescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chen. 22696056,Aquila gurneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,gurneyi,,,,,"Gray, 1860", 103734840,Petroica pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,pusilla,,,,,"Peale, 1848","

Petroica multicolor, P. pusilla and P. boodang (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. multicolor following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103734824,Petroica multicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,multicolor,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Petroica multicolor, P. pusilla and P. boodang (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. multicolor following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 157470471,Schoutedenapus myoptilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Schoutedenapus,myoptilus,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1888)","Schouteden's Swift Schoutendapus schoutedeni is now considered to represent dark juvenile or subadult Scarce Swift S. myoptilus of subspecies S. m. chapini (Fishpool 2019). Based on this, Schouteden's Swift is no longer considered to be a valid species, and is incorporated into Scarce Swift." 22695170,Gypohierax angolensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gypohierax,angolensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22732931,Pomarea mira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,mira,,,,,"Murphy & Mathews, 1928", 55249,Mannophryne olmonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,olmonae,,,,,"(Hardy, 1983)","

Mannophryne olmonae is not closely related to Mannophryne trinitatis (Lehtinen et al. 2011, Jowers et al. 2011), as was previously thought (Murphy 1997). Chromosome banding pattern data clearly allow a distinction between M. olmonae and Trinidadian M. trinitatis (Kaiser et al. 2003). These two species are not sister taxa; the sister taxon of M. olmonae is Mannophryne riveroi from the Peninsula de Paria, Venezuela (Lehtinen et al. 2011, Jowers et al. 2011). 



" 157579609,Ahaetulla laudankia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,laudankia,,,,,"Deepak, Narayanan, Sarkar, Dutta & Mohapatra, 2019", 157581397,Hemidactylus chikhaldaraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,chikhaldaraensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar, 2019", 157581488,Hemidactylus kolliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,kolliensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar, 2019", 157581549,Hemidactylus sankariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,sankariensis,,,,,"Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar, 2019", 22711179,Sitta ledanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,ledanti,,,,,"Vielliard, 1976", 22683819,Clamator glandarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Clamator,glandarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 157579726,Proahaetulla antiqua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Proahaetulla,antiqua,,,,,"Mallik, Achyuthan, Ganesh, Pal, Vijayakumar & Shanker, 2019", 78521975,Oedipina nica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,nica,,,,,"Sunyer, Wake, Townsend, Travers, Rovito, Papenfuss, Obando & Köhler, 2010", 55265,Phyllobates vittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Phyllobates,vittatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1893)", 155149,Arnoglossus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,brunneus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 155225,Arnoglossus rueppelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Arnoglossus,rueppelii,,,,,"(Cocco, 1844)", 183862,Bothus leopardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,leopardinus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)", 154833,Bothus mancus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Bothus,mancus,,,,,"(Broussonet, 1782)", 155137,Chascanopsetta crumenalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Chascanopsetta,crumenalis,,,,,"(Gilbert & Cramer, 1897)", 183467,Engyophrys sanctilaurentii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Engyophrys,sanctilaurentii,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183232,Monolene maculipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Monolene,maculipinna,,,,,Garman 1899, 183903,Perissias taeniopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Perissias,taeniopterus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 154977,Eopsetta jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Eopsetta,jordani,,,,,"(Lockington, 1879)", 154845,Lyopsetta exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Lyopsetta,exilis,,,,,(Jordan & Gilbert 1880), 155183,Paralichthodes algoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHODIDAE,Paralichthodes,algoensis,,,,,"Gilchrist, 1902","Some debate has surrounded the placement of Paralichthodes algoensis Gilchrist 1902. Previously, it was classified as belonging to the subfamily Samarinae of the Pleuronectidae (Regan 1910). Regan (1920) erected the family Paralichthodidae for this species. In 1929, Regan reduced its rank to the subfamily Paralichthodinae within the Pleuronectidae. This classification was retained by Norman (1934), Hubbs (1945), and Evseenko (2004). In contrast, Nelson (1976) reassigned P. algoensis to the Samarinae. Sakamoto (1984) considered this species as a member of the subfamily Pleuronectinae within the Pleuronectidae. However, more recent works based on both morphological and molecular evidence (e.g., Cooper and Chapleau 1998, Pardo et al. 2005, Campbell et al. 2019) classify P. algoensis as the only member of the family Paralichthodidae." 22697752,Aptenodytes forsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Aptenodytes,forsteri,,,,,"Gray, 1844", 22697758,Pygoscelis adeliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Pygoscelis,adeliae,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)", 22697755,Pygoscelis papua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Pygoscelis,papua,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 157676992,Cnemaspis nandimithrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,nandimithrai,,,,,"Karunaratha, Poyarkov, de Silva, Madawala, Botejue, Gorin, Surasinghe, Gabadage, Ukuwela & Bauer, 2019", 157678025,Cnemaspis kohukumburai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kohukumburai,,,,,"Karunaratha, Poyarkov, de Silva, Madawala, Botejue, Gorin, Surasinghe, Gabadage, Ukuwela & Bauer, 2019", 157677493,Cnemaspis gotaimbarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,gotaimbarai,,,,,"Karunaratha, Poyarkov, de Silva, Madawala, Botejue, Gorin, Surasinghe, Gabadage, Ukuwela & Bauer, 2019", 157678188,Cnemaspis hitihamii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,hitihamii,,,,,"Karunaratha, Poyarkov, de Silva, Madawala, Botejue, Gorin, Surasinghe, Gabadage, Ukuwela & Bauer, 2019", 157678393,Cnemaspis butewai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,butewai,,,,,"Karunaratha, Poyarkov, de Silva, Madawala, Botejue, Gorin, Surasinghe, Gabadage, Ukuwela & Bauer, 2019", 157679001,Cnemaspis kivulegedarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,kivulegedarai,,,,,"Karunaratha, Poyarkov, de Silva, Madawala, Botejue, Gorin, Surasinghe, Gabadage, Ukuwela & Bauer, 2019", 22707133,Terpsiphone corvina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,corvina,,,,,"(Newton, 1867)", 157702758,Acharax alinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,SOLEMYIDA,SOLEMYIDAE,Acharax,alinae,,,,,"Métivier & Cosel, 1993", 157702812,Bathyacmaea jonassoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,PECTINODONTIDAE,Bathyacmaea,jonassoni,,,,,"Beck, 1996", 157703016,Bathyaustriella thionipta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,LUCINIDA,LUCINIDAE,Bathyaustriella,thionipta,,,,,"Glover, J D. Taylor & Rowden, 2004", 157703119,Bruceiella globulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Bruceiella,globulus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157703231,Cantrainea jamsteci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,COLLONIIDAE,Cantrainea,jamsteci,,,,,"(Okutani & Fujikura, 1990)", 157715403,Desbruyeresia cancellata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Desbruyeresia,cancellata,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157715467,Desbruyeresia armata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Desbruyeresia,armata,,,,,"C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019", 157715642,Desbruyeresia marianaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Desbruyeresia,marianaensis,,,,,"(Okutani, 1990)", 157715686,Desbruyeresia melanioides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Desbruyeresia,melanioides,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157715716,Desbruyeresia spinosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Desbruyeresia,spinosa,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 22695219,Gyps fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,fulvus,,,,,"(Hablizl, 1783)", 23156,Xiphophorus couchianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,couchianus,,,,,"(Girard, 1859)", 157718171,Helicrenion reticulatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Helicrenion,reticulatum,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157718687,Hyalogyra vitrinelloides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,HYALOGYRINIDAE,Hyalogyra,vitrinelloides,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157720147,Iheyaspira lequios,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Iheyaspira,lequios,,,,,"Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000", 157720831,Laeviphitus japonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ELACHISINIDAE,Laeviphitus,japonicus,,,,,"Okutani, Fujikura & Sasaki, 1993", 157722538,Lepetodrilus japonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,japonicus,,,,,"Okutani, Fujikura & Sasaki, 1993", 157722679,Lepetodrilus nux,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,nux,,,,,"(Okutani, Fujikura & Sasaki, 1993)", 157722768,Lepetodrilus schrolli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,schrolli,,,,,"Beck, 1993", 157732028,Leptogyra inflata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,MELANODRYMIIDAE,Leptogyra,inflata,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157733480,Margarites ryukyuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,MARGARITIDAE,Margarites,ryukyuensis,,,,,"Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000", 157734512,Oenopota ogasawarana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MANGELIIDAE,Oenopota,ogasawarana,,,,,"Okutani, Fujikura & Sasaki, 1993", 157734651,Pachydermia sculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Pachydermia,sculpta,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157734945,Paralepetopsis rosemariae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NEOLEPETOPSIDAE,Paralepetopsis,rosemariae,,,,,"Beck, 1996", 157735154,Phreagena edisonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,VESICOMYIDAE,Phreagena,edisonensis,,,,,"(Okutani, Kojima & Kim, 2004)", 157772408,Phymorhynchus hyfifluxi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,hyfifluxi,,,,,"L. Beck, 1996", 157772443,Phymorhynchus wareni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,wareni,,,,,"Sysoev & Kantor, 1995", 157772501,Planorbidella depressa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Planorbidella,depressa,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157772605,Planorbidella planispira,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Planorbidella,planispira,,,,,"(Warén & Bouchet, 1989)", 157772803,Pliocardia crenulomarginata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,VESICOMYIDAE,Pliocardia,crenulomarginata,,,,,"(crenulomarginata Okutani, Kojima & Iwasaki, 2002)", 157777615,Provanna buccinoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,buccinoides,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157778795,Provanna clathrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,clathrata,,,,,"Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016", 157781173,Provanna lucida,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,lucida,,,,,"Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016", 157782070,Provanna nassariaeformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,nassariaeformis,,,,,"Okutani, 1990", 157783266,Provanna segonzaci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,segonzaci,,,,,"Warén & Ponder, 1991", 157783956,Provanna subglabra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,subglabra,,,,,"Sasaki, Ogura, Watanabe & Fujikura, 2016", 157786353,Pseudorimula marianae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Pseudorimula,marianae,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157786883,Puncturella parvinobilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,FISSURELLIDAE,Puncturella,parvinobilis,,,,,"Okutani, Fujikura & Sasaki, 1993", 157786893,Puncturella rimaizenaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,FISSURELLIDAE,Puncturella,rimaizenaensis,,,,,"Okutani, Fujikura & Sasaki, 1993", 157786976,Puncturella solis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,FISSURELLIDAE,Puncturella,solis,,,,,"Beck, 1996", 22693154,Limosa haemastica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Limosa,haemastica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 157846127,Pyropelta bohlei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,PYROPELTIDAE,Pyropelta,bohlei,,,,,"Beck, 1996", 157846146,Pyropelta ryukyuensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,PYROPELTIDAE,Pyropelta,ryukyuensis,,,,,"Sasaki, Okutani & Fujikura, 2008", 157846164,Shinkailepas kaikatensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,PHENACOLEPADIDAE,Shinkailepas,kaikatensis,,,,,"Okutani, Saito & Hashimoto, 1989", 157846171,Shinkailepas myojinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,PHENACOLEPADIDAE,Shinkailepas,myojinensis,,,,,"Sasaki, Okutani & Fujikura, 2003", 157846178,Shinkailepas tollmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,PHENACOLEPADIDAE,Shinkailepas,tollmanni,,,,,"(L. Beck, 1992)", 157846281,Shinkailepas tufari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,PHENACOLEPADIDAE,Shinkailepas,tufari,,,,,"L. Beck, 1992", 157846332,Solemya flava,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,SOLEMYIDA,SOLEMYIDAE,Solemya,flava,,,,,"Sato, Sasaki & Watanabe, 2013", 157846409,Symmetromphalus hageni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Symmetromphalus,hageni,,,,,"L. Beck, 1992", 157846490,Symmetromphalus regularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Symmetromphalus,regularis,,,,,"McLean, 1990", 157850651,Ventsia tricarinata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SEGUENZIIDA,SEGUENZIOIDEA,Ventsia,tricarinata,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157850657,Vetulonia phalcata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SEGUENZIIDA,SEGUENZIOIDEA,Vetulonia,phalcata,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157850677,Waisiuconcha helios,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,VESICOMYIDAE,Waisiuconcha,helios,,,,,"Krylova & R. Janssen, 2006", 157850705,Xylodiscula major,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,XYLODISCULIDAE,Xylodiscula,major,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157858690,Bathymargarites symplector,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SEGUENZIIDA,SEGUENZIIDAE,Bathymargarites,symplector,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157861471,Calyptogena magnifica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,VESICOMYIDAE,Calyptogena,magnifica,,,,,"Boss & R.D. Turner, 1980", 157861491,Calyptogena starobogatovi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,VESICOMYIDAE,Calyptogena,starobogatovi,,,,,"Krylova & Sahling, 2006", 157861594,Catillopecten vulcani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,PECTINIDA,PROPEAMUSSIIDAE,Catillopecten,vulcani,,,,,"(Schein-Fatton, 1985)", 157861604,Clypeosectus curvus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Clypeosectus,curvus,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157861608,Clypeosectus delectus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Clypeosectus,delectus,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157861649,Cornisepta verenae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,FISSURELLIDAE,Cornisepta,verenae,,,,,"McLean & Geiger, 1998", 157861655,Cyathermia naticoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Cyathermia,naticoides,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157861694,Depressigyra globulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Depressigyra,globulus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157861722,Echinopelta fistulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Echinopelta,fistulosa,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157866176,Eulepetopsis vitrea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NEOLEPETOPSIDAE,Eulepetopsis,vitrea,,,,,"McLean, 1990", 157866229,Fucaria striata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Fucaria,striata,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157866293,Gorgoleptis emarginatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Gorgoleptis,emarginatus,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157866309,Gorgoleptis patulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Gorgoleptis,patulus,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157866313,Gorgoleptis spiralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Gorgoleptis,spiralis,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157866633,Helicoradomenia acredema,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,SOLENOGASTRES,CAVIBELONIA,SIMROTHIELIIDAE,Helicoradomenia,acredema,,,,,"Scheltema, 2000", 157866709,Helicoradomenia juani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,SOLENOGASTRES,CAVIBELONIA,SIMROTHIELIIDAE,Helicoradomenia,juani,,,,,"Scheltema & Kuzirian, 1991", 157867007,Hirtopelta hirta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Hirtopelta,hirta,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157867042,Hyalogyrina globularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,HYALOGYRINIDAE,Hyalogyrina,globularis,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157867061,Hyalogyrina grasslei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,HYALOGYRINIDAE,Hyalogyrina,grasslei,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157856812,Lirapex granularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Lirapex,granularis,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157856815,Lirapex humatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Lirapex,humatus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157867188,Lacunoides exquisitus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Lacunoides,exquisitus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157867208,Lacunoides vitreus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Lacunoides,vitreus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157867255,Lepetodrilus corrugatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,corrugatus,,,,,"McLean, 1993", 157867259,Lepetodrilus cristatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,cristatus,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157867269,Lepetodrilus elevatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,elevatus,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157867298,Lepetodrilus galriftensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,galriftensis,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157867328,Lepetodrilus ovalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,ovalis,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157867341,Lepetodrilus pustulosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,pustulosus,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157867345,Lepetodrilus tevnianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,tevnianus,,,,,"McLean, 1993", 157867377,Melanodrymia aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,MELANODRYMIIDAE,Melanodrymia,aurantiaca,,,,,"Hickman, 1984", 157867387,Melanodrymia brightae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,MELANODRYMIIDAE,Melanodrymia,brightae,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157867391,Melanodrymia galeronae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,MELANODRYMIIDAE,Melanodrymia,galeronae,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157867399,Neolepetopsis densata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NEOLEPETOPSIDAE,Neolepetopsis,densata,,,,,"McLean, 1990", 157867417,Neolepetopsis occulta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NEOLEPETOPSIDAE,Neolepetopsis,occulta,,,,,"McLean, 1990", 157867421,Neolepetopsis verruca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NEOLEPETOPSIDAE,Neolepetopsis,verruca,,,,,"McLean, 1990", 157857023,Peltospira delicata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Peltospira,delicata,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157857026,Peltospira lamellifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Peltospira,lamellifera,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157857029,Peltospira operculata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Peltospira,operculata,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157909867,Neomphalus fretterae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Neomphalus,fretterae,,,,,"McLean, 1981", 157909880,Nodopelta heminoda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Nodopelta,heminoda,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157909995,Pachydermia laevis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Pachydermia,laevis,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157910032,Provanna ios,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,ios,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1986", 157910046,Provanna muricata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,muricata,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1986", 157910197,Rhynchopelta concentrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Rhynchopelta,concentrica,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157910230,Solutigyra reticulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Solutigyra,reticulata,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1989", 157910258,Temnocinclis euripes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,SUTILIZONIDAE,Temnocinclis,euripes,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157910264,Temnozaga parilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,SUTILIZONIDAE,Temnozaga,parilis,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157910270,Wareniconcha lepta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,VESICOMYIDAE,Wareniconcha,lepta,,,,,"(Dall, 1896)", 157910369,Nodopelta subnoda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Nodopelta,subnoda,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157910494,Lepetodrilus fucensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,fucensis,,,,,"McLean, 1988", 157715572,Desbruyeresia costata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Desbruyeresia,costata,,,,,"C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019", 158152945,Hanleyella henrici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,POLYPLACOPHORA,LEPIDOPLEURIDA,LEPTOCHITONIDAE,Hanleyella,henrici,,,,,"Sigwart & C. Chen, 2018", 158153228,Provanna fenestrata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,fenestrata,,,,,"C. Chen, Watanabe & Sasaki, 2019", 158648207,Hemiphyllodactylus aurantiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemiphyllodactylus,aurantiacus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","This species was treated for a time as a subspecies of Hemiphyllodactylus typus until Bauer and Das (1999) showed it to be a distinct species. These authors' concept for H. aurantiacus it as a single, widespread species, which was subsequently shown to be a species complex and revised by Agarwal et al. (2019)." 42841,Teinobasis alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,alluaudi,,,,,"(Martin, 1896)","The subspecies ""Seychelles fineliner damselfly"" (T. a. alluaudi), originally classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List, is regarded as a synonym to the nominate species." 172615,Calliophis beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Calliophis,beddomei,,,,,"Smith, 1943","Calliophis beddomei was described by Smith in 1943 based on specimens collected from two locations, one each from Shevaroy Hills, Salem District, Tamil Nadu and Koppa, Chikamagaluru district, Karnataka (Smith 1943)." 3313,Bulinus camerunensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,BULINIDAE,Bulinus,camerunensis,,,,,"Mandahl-Barth, 1957","Bulinus camerunensis from Cameroon is considered as a distinct species, but Bulinus populations were recently discovered in Nigeria that were morphologically identified as B. camerunensis (Salawu and Odaibo 2014) but appear genetically to belong to B. forskalii (Akinwale et al. 2015)." 184711,Iphigenia laevigata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Iphigenia,laevigata,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1791)", 175139,Melampus liberianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Melampus,liberianus,,,,,"H. & A. Adams, 1854", 184686,Mytilopsis africana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DREISSENIDAE,Mytilopsis,africana,,,,,"(van Beneden, 1835)","Mytilopsis africana is a brackish water species occurring in mangroves and sublitorally on stones, shells and other hard substrates, from Senegal to Congo. This species could be part of the lineage of the Caribbean M. hessei, that crossed the ocean via the slave trade." 158395702,Nerita senegalensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Nerita,senegalensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1791", 158396340,Thais nodosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,MURICIDAE,Thais,nodosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 194111,Hemidactylus sataraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,sataraensis,,,,,"Giri & Bauer, 2008","Hemidactylus satarensis was described based on specimens collected from Chalakewadi, Satara District, Maharashtra (Giri and Bauer 2008) ." 172679,Cnemaspis yercaudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,yercaudensis,,,,,"Das & Bauer, 2000","This species was described based on two specimens from Yercaud. Recent surveys have revealed the presence of two additional species within the Shevaroys, partitioned along an elevational gradient, which had previously been understood to represent this species, and also additional populations atop nearby peaks (Kolli Hills, Pachamalai Hills) (Ganesh and Arumagam 2016, Agarwal et al. 2019)." 158414107,Sieboldius maai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,maai,,,,,"Chao, 1990","

Chao (1990) described Sieboldius maai from male and female specimens reared from larvae collected in Shaowu, Fujian and further material from Zhejiang. The male anal appendages and secondary sexual apparatus are very similar to those of S. alexanderi Chao (1955). Chao (1990) separated S. maai from S. alexanderi based primarily on its yellow dorsal stripe conjoined with the collar stripe whereas these two stripes are separate in S. alexanderi.  In addition, the terminal margin of the vulvar scale is almost straight in S. maai and highly incised in S. alexanderi.

" 174133,Ristella rurkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ristella,rurkii,,,,,"Gray, 1839", 172589,Ahaetulla dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,dispar,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)","Ahaetulla dispar was described by Günther in 1864 as Tragops dispar based on specimens collected from Anaimalai Hills, Western Ghats (Smith 1943)." 194097,Cnemaspis nilagirica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,nilagirica,,,,,"Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007","Cnemaspis nilagirica was described by Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuvita and Pethiyagoda in 2007 based on type specimen from Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (Manamendra-Arachchi et al. 2007). The holotype was formerly a syntype of C. tropidogaster, presently understood to be endemic to Sri Lanka. Following recent clarification of the species concept for C. tropidogaster, research is needed to establish its relationship to Indian taxa and to verify the validity of C. nilagrica." 172675,Microauris aurantolabium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Microauris,aurantolabium,,,,,"(Krishnan, 2008)","Calotes aurantolabium was described by Krishnan in 2008 based on two female specimens collected from Kalakkad-Mundunthurai Tiger Reserve, Agasthyamalai Hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Calotes andamanensis reported from mainland India by Ishwar and Das (1998) based on specimens collected from Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve are misidentified Calotes aurantolabium (Krishnan 2008). It was subsequently recognized as a distinct genus based on a distinct phylogenetic position by Pal et al. (2018)." 172590,Coronella brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coronella,brachyura,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)","Coronella brachyura was described by Günther in 1866 as Zamenis brachyurus (Smith 1943) based on specimens collected from Western Ghats in Poona, Poona District, Maharashtra (Smith 1943)." 209039855,Boulengerula denhardti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,denhardti,,,,,"Nieden, 1912","This species was incorrectly synonymized with Schistometopum gregorii, and was resurrected by Wilkinson et al. (2004). Measey et al. (2012) assigned specimens from Ngaya forest-Nyambne Hills in Meru North to this species, which were included in its 2012 reassessment. However, these specimens were later described as Boulengerula spawlsi (Wilkinson et al. 2017)." 56128,Hyperolius cystocandicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,cystocandicans,,,,,"Richards & Schiøtz, 1977", 56205,Hyperolius sheldricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,sheldricki,,,,,"Duff-MacKay & Schiøtz, 1971","This species is part of the Hyperolius viridiflavus complex (Schiøtz 1999). It is considered here as a separate species following Frost (2002), and because it differs rather markedly from adjacent forms in this complex. The taxonomy of this species is highly confused and it is difficult to distinguish from congeners (Hyperolius viridiflavus group e.g H. glandicolor, H, ferniquei), which may account for the lack of recent records. It should be noted that the taxonomic relationships within this complex are still far from settled, and the species limits should be considered as provisional (A. Schiøtz pers. comm.)." 58119,Phrynobatrachus irangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,irangi,,,,,"Drewes & Perret, 2000", 59498,Boulengerula taitana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,HERPELIDAE,Boulengerula,taitana,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935", 55288,Agalychnis annae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,annae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1963)", 158563754,Iphigenia centralis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Iphigenia,centralis,,,,,"(Germain, 1904)", 184626,Iphigenia curta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Iphigenia,curta,,,,,"(Dunker, 1857)", 158568370,Iphigenia delessertii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,DONACIDAE,Iphigenia,delessertii,,,,,"(Bernardi, 1860)", 158619800,Nothobranchius derhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,derhami,,,,,"Valdesalici & Amato, 2019","

Populations of this species were regarded as part of a diverse complex generally lumped into Nothobranchius species ‘Lake Victoria’, from the basin of that lake in central and western Tanzania and south-western Kenya, together with populations from drainage systems in central Tanzania.

Nothobranchius derhami was described by Valdesalici and Amato (2019) and is known from the Nyando system north-east of Lake Victoria in south-western Kenya. Previously, specimens from this area, in the vicinity of Kisumu, were known from Leakey and Greenwood in the 1950s (Turner 2009), and the first collected specimen representing this complex to be lodged in a museum was from the Kano Plains in south-western Kenya, associated with the lower reaches of the Nyando River system, by Whitehead in 1966. These specimens are now housed in NHM.

Finally, first identified populations were collected by de Rham from near Ahero in 1985 (de Rham 1991).

" 158619819,Nothobranchius kwalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,kwalensis,,,,,"Costa, 2019","

Following its discovery in 1974, populations of this species found in the Ramisi drainage in southern Kenya were referred to N. melanospilus, a geographically widespread and locally common species in lowland East Africa, based on general similarities with that species. Based on morphological analyses and minor colour pattern differences, Costa (2019) separated two cryptic species from peripheral parts of the range of N. melanospilus, thus describing specimens from a single location in the Ramisi drainage in southern Kenya as N. kwalensis. Its status is currently controversial, being regarded by some as a colour variation and junior synonym of N. melanospilus.

" 158619903,Nothobranchius prognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,prognathus,,,,,"Costa, 2019","

Fundulus melanospilus was established as a species by Pfeffer in 1896 after four female specimens from Longo-Bay (present Ilonga) in Tanzania. Furthermore, Pfeffer (1896) mentioned specimens from the Seychelles. This latter locality is clearly misidentified for Zanzibar (Wildekamp 1981, Costa 2012). Ahl (1935) restricted the type locality of the species to Longo-Bay, and the remaining specimens mentioned by Pfeffer (1896) originating from the Seychelles are described in the same work by Ahl (1935) as N. seychellensis.

Nothobranchius seychellensis Ahl, 1935 from Zanzibar (erroneously Seychelles islands) is regarded as a synonym of N. melanospilus (Wildekamp 1981,Wildekamp 2004, Wildekamp et al. 2009).

Costa (2017) redescribed N. melanospilus, and designated a lectotype from the specimens originating from Zanzibar.

Based on morphological analyses and minor colour pattern differences, Costa (2019) separated two cryptic species from peripheral parts of the range of N. melanospilus, thus populations found in the upper Wami drainage, including the area around Ilonga, which locality was regarded by Ahl (1935) and by Wildekamp (1981, 2004, 2019) as the type locality of N. melanospilus, were described as N. prognathus. However, its status is currently controversial.

" 158620785,Citharichthys darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,darwini,,,,,"Victor & Wellington, 2013", 158620855,Citharichthys sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,sordidus,,,,,"(Girard, 1854)", 158620915,Citharichthys xanthostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,xanthostigma,,,,,"Gilbert, 1890", 158621105,Hippoglossina montemaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Hippoglossina,montemaris,,,,,"de Buen, 1961",The taxonomic status of this species requires verification. 158621132,Hippoglossina mystacium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Hippoglossina,mystacium,,,,,"Ginsburg, 1936", 158621217,Paralichthys brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Ranzani, 1842)", 158621286,Paralichthys delfini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,delfini,,,,,"Pequeño & Plaza, 1987","This species is known from five specimens collected in Lago Budi, a coastal lagoon in Chile (Pequeño and Plaza 1987 ). The taxonomic status of this nominal species needs reevaluation." 158621313,Paralichthys fernandezianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,fernandezianus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1903", 158621580,Paralichthys microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,microps,,,,,"(Günther, 1881)", 158621882,Pseudorhombus argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,argus,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 158621929,Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,cinnamoneus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 158622072,Pseudorhombus ctenosquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,ctenosquamis,,,,,"(Oshima, 1927)","Spinirhombus (now Pseudorhombus) ctenosquamis was described by Oshima in 1927 based on a single specimen collected at a fish market in Taiwan, which subsequently has been lost. The taxonomic status of this species is questionable. No other specimens have been reported by authors working on flatfishes of Taiwan (e.g., Chen and Weng 1965, Shao et al. 2008, Shao and Ho 2011).

Wu (1932) considered Pseudorhombus ctenosquamis as a synonym of P. cinnamoneus, but did not indicate that he had examined the type specimen. Norman (1934) provided an account for this species, but equivocated in noting that Wu (1932) considered it to be a synonym of P. cinnamoneus. Chen and Weng (1965) provided an account for this species, but all indications are that the information is based on that provided in the original description. Li and Wang (1995) considered this as a valid species. However, Randall and Lim (2000) do not include this species among the paralichthyids recorded from the South China Sea nor did Shao et al. (2008) list this species in their checklist of fishes of southern Taiwan. 

Given that no additional specimens have ever been recorded and authors working with the genus Pseudorhombus disagree, further research is required to establish the taxonomic status of this nominal species." 158622102,Pseudorhombus diplospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,diplospilus,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 158622377,Pseudorhombus jenynsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,jenynsii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 158622475,Pseudorhombus levisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,levisquamis,,,,,"(Oshima, 1927)", 158622495,Pseudorhombus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,megalops,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 158622617,Pseudorhombus neglectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,neglectus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1865", 158622621,Pseudorhombus oculocirris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,oculocirris,,,,,"Amaoka, 1969", 158622936,Pseudorhombus oligodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,oligodon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 158623105,Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,pentophthalmus,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 158623350,Pseudorhombus quinquocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,quinquocellatus,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1929", 158623410,Pseudorhombus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,spinosus,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914", 158623455,Pseudorhombus tenuirastrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,tenuirastrum,,,,,"(Waite, 1899)", 158623522,Tarphops elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Tarphops,elegans,,,,,"Amaoka, 1969", 158623542,Tarphops oligolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Tarphops,oligolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)", 158623643,Thysanopsetta naresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Thysanopsetta,naresi,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 158624465,Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Acanthopsetta,nadeshnyi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1904", 158624557,Atheresthes evermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Atheresthes,evermanni,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1904","Taxonomic uncertainty associated with Atheresthes evermanni and A. stomias was resolved with the genetic study (Ranck et al. 1986) that confirmed their validity as separate species. The two species are also well distinguished from one another by external morphology (Yang 1988, Mukhametov and Orlov 2002)." 158624714,Atheresthes stomias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Atheresthes,stomias,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)","Due to high similarity in both appearance, ecology and distribution, there was much taxonomic uncertainty associated with Atheresthes evermanni and A. stomias until genetics studies in the mid-1980s (Ranck et al. 1986) and morphological differences (Yang 1988) confirmed their validity as separate species." 158624882,Clidoderma asperrimum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Clidoderma,asperrimum,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 158625076,Dexistes rikuzenius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Dexistes,rikuzenius,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1904", 158625197,Microstomus bathybius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Microstomus,bathybius,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1890)", 158625391,Eopsetta grigorjewi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Eopsetta,grigorjewi,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1890)", 158625557,Glyptocephalus stelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Glyptocephalus,stelleri,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1904)",This species may be easily confused with Glyptocephalus kitaharae (Jang et al. 2016). An mtDNA analysis of specimens of Glyptocephalus stelleri from four widely separated areas throughout the Japanese Archipelago reported no significant genetic differentiation among samples from these four areas (Xiao et al. 2010). 158625570,Glyptocephalus zachirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Glyptocephalus,zachirus,,,,,"Lockington, 1879", 158625603,Hippoglossoides dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Hippoglossoides,dubius,,,,,"Schmidt, 1904", 158625653,Hippoglossoides elassodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Hippoglossoides,elassodon,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1880","The genus Hippoglossoides, including Hippoglossoides robustus, H. elassodon and H. dubius, has been the subject of recent taxonomic uncertainty (Parin et al. 2014, Vinnikov et al. 2018). Kartavtsev et al. (2008) concluded that H. robustus is a junior synonym of H. elassodon; however, this was later refuted by additional genetic studies (Roje 2010, Parin et al. 2014). According to Vinnikov et al. (2018), the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of H. robustus are not yet fully resolved, and additional sampling of specimens from throughout the entire geographic range is needed. Some genetic studies are currently underway, and preliminary results suggest that they are separate species (I. Spies pers. comm. 2020)." 158625699,Cleisthenes pinetorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Cleisthenes,pinetorum,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1904","Cleisthenes herzensteini (Schmidt 1904) is considered a junior synonym of C. pinetorum Jordan and Starks 1904 according to Vinnikov et al. (2018), but these authors mention uncertainty remains concerning this taxonomic decision and that further sampling across the entire range inhabited by these two nominal species is required." 158625914,Hippoglossoides robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Hippoglossoides,robustus,,,,,"Gill & Townsend, 1897","The genus Hippoglossoides, including Hippoglossoides robustus, H. elassodon and H. dubius, has been the subject of recent taxonomic uncertainty (Parin et al. 2014, Vinnikov et al. 2018). Kartavtsev et al. (2008) concluded that H. robustus is a junior synonym of H. elassodon; however, this was later refuted by additional genetic studies (Roje 2010, Parin et al. 2014). According to Vinnikov et al. (2018), the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of H. robustus are not yet fully resolved, and additional sampling of specimens from throughout the entire geographic range is needed. Some genetic studies are currently underway, and preliminary results suggest that they are separate species (I. Spies pers. comm. 2020)." 158625941,Hippoglossus stenolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Hippoglossus,stenolepis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1904", 158626318,Isopsetta isolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Isopsetta,isolepis,,,,,"(Lockington, 1880)", 158631336,Platichthys bicoloratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Platichthys,bicoloratus,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)", 158631442,Lepidopsetta bilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Lepidopsetta,bilineata,,,,,"(Ayres, 1855)","Orr and Matarese (2000) recognized that specimens previously identified as Lepidopsetta bilineata actually represent two species. In addition to L. bilineata, they described a second species, Lepidopsetta polyxstra, within the genus Lepidopsetta. Distribution records, ranging from the Salish Sea north to the Bering Sea, documented prior to recognition of two species in Lepidopsetta, may represent mixtures of the two species." 158631782,Lepidopsetta mochigarei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Lepidopsetta,mochigarei,,,,,"Snyder, 1911", 158631806,Lepidopsetta polyxystra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Lepidopsetta,polyxystra,,,,,"Orr & Matarese, 2000","Orr and Matarese (2000) recognized that specimens previously identified as Lepidopsetta bilineata actually represent two species. In addition to L. bilineata, they described a second species, Lepidopsetta polyxstra, within the genus Lepidopsetta. Distribution records, ranging from the Salish Sea north to the Bering Sea, documented prior to recognition of two species in Lepidopsetta, may represent mixtures of the two species." 158631834,Limanda aspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Limanda,aspera,,,,,"(Pallas, 1814)","This species was originally described as Pleuronectes aspera by Pallas (1814). Later, this species was transferred to the genus Limanda by Bean (1882). Some authors (Sakamoto 1984a) placed this species back in the genus Pleuronectes. However, in the very same year, Sakamoto (1984b) considered this to be a member of the genus Limanda. There has been considerable debate regarding the number of species to be placed in the genus Limanda (Cooper and Chapleau 1998, Roje 2010, McCusker et al. 2013, Voronina and Chanet 2014, Busby et al. 2017, Vinnikov et al. 2018). Throughout this history, Pleuronectes aspera Pallas 1814 has more consistently been placed in the genus Limanda, except for the classification proposed by Sakamoto (1984a) and literature accepting this classification. A revision of the genus Limanda is needed, as recent data on larval morphology (Busby et al. 2017) and DNA sequences (McCusker et al. 2013) suggest that the genus is not monophyletic. Based on the morphological evidence (Norman 1934, Cooper and Chapleau 1998, Roje 2010, Voronina and Chanet 2014) and molecular data (Roje 2010, McCusker et al. 2013, Vinnikov et al. 2018), Pleuronectes aspera is regarded as a member of the genus Limanda Gottsche 1825." 158631929,Myzopsetta proboscidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Myzopsetta,proboscidea,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1896)","This species was originally described as Limanda proboscidea by Gilbert (1896). This species has been variously placed in the genera Limanda (Cooper and Chapleau 1998, Roje 2010, Voronina and Chanet 2014), Pleuronectes (Sakamoto 1984 and literature following this placement), and Myzopsetta (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000, Fedorov et al. 2003, Mecklenburg and Steinke 2015, Vinnikov et al. 2018). Most frequently, it has been considered a member of the genus Limanda (e.g., Cooper and Chapleau 1998, Roje 2010, Voronina and Chanet 2014), but there has been considerable debate regarding the number of species to be placed in that genus (Cooper and Chapleau 1998, Roje 2010, McCusker et al. 2013, Voronina and Chanet 2014, Busby et al. 2017, Vinnikov et al. 2018). A revision of the genus Limanda is needed, as recent data on larval morphology (Busby et al. 2017) and DNA sequences (McCusker et al. 2013, Mecklenburg and Steinke 2015) suggest that the genus is not monophyletic. The most recent studies consider this species to be a member of the genus Myzopsetta (Sheiko and Fedorov 2000, Fedorov et al. 2003, Mecklenburg and Steinke 2015, Vinnikov et al. 2018). Herein, Limanda proboscidea Gilbert 1896 is regarded as a member of the genus Myzopsetta." 158632011,Myzopsetta punctatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Myzopsetta,punctatissima,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","Hippoglossoides punctatissima Steindachner 1879 has been placed by various authors in the genera Pleuronectes, Limanda, and Myzopsetta (see Fricke et al. 2021 for further details). The most recent systematic review of the Pleuronectidae considers this species a member of the genus Myzopsetta (Vinnikov et al. 2018), and this decision is followed herein." 158632105,Limanda sakhalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Limanda,sakhalinensis,,,,,"Hubbs, 1915","A taxonomic revision of the genus Limanda is needed (Busby et al. 2017, Vinnikov et al. 2018)." 158632261,Liopsetta pinnifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Liopsetta,pinnifasciata,,,,,"(Kner, 1870)", 158632357,Liopsetta putnami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Liopsetta,putnami,,,,,"(Gill, 1864)","Liopsetta putnami (Gill 1864) has been treated as a junior subjective synonym of L. glacialis (Pallas 1776) by some, but most workers consider them to be separate species (Mecklenburg et al. 2018). Voronina and Chanet (2014) commented that additional genetics work is needed to resolve the relationships of species assigned to Liopsetta. Vinnikov et al. (2018), based on molecular data, recognized L. putnami and L. glacialis as distinct species. This species can be easily confused with smaller individuals of Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)." 158632464,Microstomus achne,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Microstomus,achne,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1904)", 158632595,Microstomus pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Microstomus,pacificus,,,,,"(Lockington, 1879)", 158632688,Microstomus shuntovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Microstomus,shuntovi,,,,,"Borets, 1983", 158632774,Parophrys vetulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Parophrys,vetulus,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 158632875,Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronectes,quadrituberculatus,,,,,"Pallas, 1814", 158632931,Pleuronichthys coenosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,coenosus,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 158633070,Pleuronichthys cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,cornutus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) was described based on several specimens collected off Japan. Later, Pleuronichthys lighti Wu 1929 was described based on a unique holotype collected near Amoy Island, China. The present whereabouts of this specimen is unknown. Subsequently, P. lighti was considered as a junior synonym of P. cornutus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) by several authors (Li and Wang 1995; Evseenko 2003, 2004; Suzuki et al. 2009). According to the taxonomic work of Yokogawa et al. (2014, 2016), both P. lighti and P. cornutus should be recognized as valid species. Molecular analyses conducted by Vinnikov et al. (2018) also support recognition of P. cornutus and P. lighti." 158633085,Pleuronichthys decurrens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,decurrens,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1881", 158633105,Pleuronichthys lighti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pleuronichthys,lighti,,,,,"Wu, 1929","Pleuronichthys lighti Wu 1929 was described based on a unique holotype collected near Amoy Island, China. The present whereabouts of this specimen is unknown. Subsequently, P. lighti was considered as a junior synonym of P. cornutus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) from off Japan by several authors (Li and Wang 1995, Evseenko 2003, 2004, Suzuki et al. 2009). According to the taxonomic work of Yokogawa et al. (2014, 2016), both P. lighti and P. cornutus should be recognized as valid species. Molecular analyses conducted by Vinnikov et al. (2018) also support recognition of P. cornutus and P. lighti." 158633166,Psettichthys melanostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Psettichthys,melanostictus,,,,,"Girard, 1854", 158637142,Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pseudopleuronectes,herzensteini,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 158637179,Pseudopleuronectes obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pseudopleuronectes,obscurus,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1890)", 158637216,Pseudopleuronectes schrenki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pseudopleuronectes,schrenki,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1904)","According to Parin et al. (2014), conclusions by Vinnikov et al. (2006) and Kartavtsev et al. (2007) that Pseudopleuronectes schrenki is a synonym of P. yokohamae were not fully supported and required further examination of syntypes. Tsukagoshi et al. (2015) concluded that these are two separate species based on mitochondrial DNA analysis. Vinnikov et al. (2018) also found strong molecular evidence that these two species are indeed separate and should be considered sister species." 158637499,Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Pseudopleuronectes,yokohamae,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","According to Parin et al. (2014), conclusions by Vinnikov et al. (2006) and Kartavtsev et al. (2007) that Pseudopleuronectes schrenki is a synonym of P. yokohamae were not fully supported and required further examination of syntypes. Tsukagoshi et al. (2015), based on molecular analyses, concluded these two are separate species. Similarly, Vinnikov et al. (2018), using molecular evidence, concluded that these two nominal species are indeed separate, and likely sister species." 158637575,Glyptocephalus kitaharae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Glyptocephalus,kitaharae,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1904)","This species is frequently referred to as Tanakius kitaharae or T. kitaharai in the literature, especially in Japan." 158637880,Verasper moseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Verasper,moseri,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1898", 158638809,Marleyella maldivensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Marleyella,maldivensis,,,,,"Norman, 1939", 158638897,Nematops grandisquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Nematops,grandisquama,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1929", 158638924,Nematops macrochirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Nematops,macrochirus,,,,,"Norman, 1931",Guibord and Chapleau (2004) synonymized Nematops chui Fowler 1934 with Nematops macrochirus Norman 1931 after analyzing the only known specimen of the first nominal species. 158638929,Nematops microstoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Nematops,microstoma,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 158638938,Nematops nanosquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Nematops,nanosquama,,,,,"Amaoka, Kawai & Séret, 2006", 158638945,Poecilopsetta macrocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,macrocephala,,,,,"Hoshino, Amaoka & Last, 2001", 158638981,Poecilopsetta multiradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,multiradiata,,,,,"Kawai, Amaoka & Séret, 2010", 158639034,Poecilopsetta normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,normani,,,,,"Foroshchuk & Fedorov, 1992", 158639066,Poecilopsetta pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,pectoralis,,,,,"Kawai & Amaoka, 2006", 158639146,Poecilopsetta plinthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,POECILOPSETTIDAE,Poecilopsetta,plinthus,,,,,"(Jordan & Starks, 1904)",Guibord and Chapleau (2002) synonymized Poecilopsetta megalepis Fowler 1934 with Poecilopsetta plinthus (Jordan and Starks 1904) after analyzing the holotype and only specimen of P. megalepis. 158645218,Cordylus phonolithos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,phonolithos,,,,,"Marques, Ceríaco, Stanley, Bandeira, Agarwal & Bauer, 2019", 158645960,Cnemaspis anandani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,anandani,,,,,"Murthy, Nitesh, Sengupta & Deepak, 2019", 158639825,Ammotretis brevipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Ammotretis,brevipinnis,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 158640029,Ammotretis elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Ammotretis,elongatus,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914", 158644366,Ammotretis lituratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Ammotretis,lituratus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)", 158644441,Ammotretis macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Ammotretis,macrolepis,,,,,"McCulloch, 1914", 158644577,Ammotretis rostratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Ammotretis,rostratus,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 158644596,Azygopus flemingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Azygopus,flemingi,,,,,"Nielsen, 1961","Comparing specimens of two similar flatfishes from Australia and New Zealand, Nielsen noted that New Zealand specimens agreed with all of the characters defining Azygopus and further observed that, although the New Zealand specimens shared characteristics with A. pinnifasciatus from Australian waters, several morphological features were different between fishes from the two locations (Nielsen 1961). Even though he could distinguish New Zealand specimens from Australian A. pinnifasciatus based on a number of characters, Nielsen (1961) was influenced by the overall similarities between specimens from Australia and New Zealand and, following taxonomic conventions of that time period (J. Nielsen pers. comm. as cited in Munroe 2012), chose not to recognize the New Zealand specimens as a distinct species, instead describing them as a distinct subspecies (A. p. flemingi). Munroe (2012) distinguished it as a separate species and this was followed in various checklists and in the book The Fishes of New Zealand (e.g. Munroe 2015, Roberts et al. 2015, 2020)." 158645678,Azygopus pinnifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Azygopus,pinnifasciatus,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 158646470,Psammodiscus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Psammodiscus,ocellatus,,,,,"Günther, 1862", 158646489,Taratretis derwentensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,RHOMBOSOLEIDAE,Taratretis,derwentensis,,,,,"Last, 1978", 158646632,Plagiopsetta biocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Plagiopsetta,biocellata,,,,,"Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2018", 158646729,Plagiopsetta glossa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Plagiopsetta,glossa,,,,,"Franz, 1910","Mihara and Amaoka (1995) synonymized Samariscus fasciatus Fowler, 1934 with Plagiopsetta glossa Franz, 1910 after analyzing the holotype and only known specimen of S. fasciatus." 158671558,Plagiopsetta gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Plagiopsetta,gracilis,,,,,"Mihara & Amaoka, 2004", 158671571,Plagiopsetta stigmosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Plagiopsetta,stigmosa,,,,,"Mihara & Amaoka, 2004", 158671587,Samaretta perexilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samaretta,perexilis,,,,,"Voronina & Suzumoto, 2017", 158671675,Samaris chesterfieldensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samaris,chesterfieldensis,,,,,"Mihara & Amaoka, 2004", 158671849,Samaris spinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samaris,spinea,,,,,"Mihara & Amaoka, 2004", 158671895,Samariscus asanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,asanoi,,,,,"Ochiai & Amaoka, 1962", 158671917,Samariscus corallinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,corallinus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1905", 158672448,Samariscus hexaradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,hexaradiatus,,,,,"Díaz de Astarloa, Causse & Pruvost, 2014", 158672475,Samariscus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,inornatus,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1909)","The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work." 158672506,Samariscus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,japonicus,,,,,"Kamohara, 1936", 158672576,Samariscus latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,latus,,,,,"Matsubara & Takamuki, 1951", 158672829,Samariscus leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,leopardus,,,,,"Voronina, 2009","The taxonomy of the species in the genera Samaris and Samariscus is still in need of further work." 158673049,Samariscus luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,luzonensis,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 158673195,Samariscus macrognathus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,macrognathus,,,,,"Fowler, 1934", 158673225,Samariscus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,maculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 158673307,Samariscus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,multiradiatus,,,,,"Kawai, Amaoka & Séret, 2008", 158673458,Samariscus neocaledonia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,neocaledonia,,,,,"Kawai, Amaoka & Séret, 2011", 158673884,Samariscus sunieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,sunieri,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1929", 158673917,Samariscus xenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SAMARIDAE,Samariscus,xenicus,,,,,"Ochiai & Amaoka, 1962", 158782388,Cnemaspis anslemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,anslemi,,,,,"Karunarathna & Ukuwela, 2019", 158814566,Triplophysa herzensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,herzensteini,,,,,"(Berg, 1909)", 49830543,Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,abbreviatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)","This species belongs to Acestrorhynchus gr. lacustris (Toledo-Piza 2007). There are difficulties in diagnosing the species in relation to the other species in the lacustris group." 49830408,Acestrorhynchus falcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,falcatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)","This species has more than one morphotype, mainly with regard to the populations of the Demerara/Essequibo river and the lower Orinoco, which may represent a complex of species or subspecies (Menezes 1969, Lopez-Fernández and Winemiller 2003).
" 49829777,Acestrorhynchus falcirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,falcirostris,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1819)","The species belongs to the group Acestrorhynchus gr. nasutus (Toledo-Piza 2007). There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation." 49830175,Acestrorhynchus grandoculis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,grandoculis,,,,,"Menezes & Gery, 1983","The species belongs to the group Acestrorhynchus gr. microlepis (Toledo-Piza and Menezes 1996). There are no relevant taxonomic limitations for A. grandoculis." 49829878,Acestrorhynchus heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,heterolepis,,,,,"(Cope, 1878)","There are no relevant taxonomic limitations for the species" 49830363,Acestrorhynchus microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,microlepis,,,,,"(Jardine, 1841)", 49830370,Acestrorhynchus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,minimus,,,,,"Menezes, 1969","

The taxon belongs to Acestrorhynchus gr. microlepis (Toledo-Piza and Menezes 1996). There are no relevant taxonomic limitations for the species.

" 49830389,Acestrorhynchus nasutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Acestrorhynchus,nasutus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912","There are no relevant taxonomic limitations." 49829684,Amaralia hypsiura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Amaralia,hypsiura,,,,,"(Kner, 1855)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830638,Anadoras weddellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Anadoras,weddellii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1855)","Here we consider Anadoras regani a junior synonym of A. weddellii following Sousa (2010), a taxonomic status largely accepted by fish specialists (B.B. Calegari pers. comm. 2020). This is contrary to Fricke et al. (2020) who consider Anadoras regani a valid species.

Anadoras weddellii has been identified as Amblydoras hancockii in French Guiana (ICMBio 2018)." 158674561,Aseraggodes albidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,albidus,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158674616,Aseraggodes andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,andersoni,,,,,"Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013", 158674637,Aseraggodes beauforti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,beauforti,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1930",Chabanaud (1930) described Aseraggodes beauforti based on two syntypes from the Timor Sea. Randall and Desoutter-Meninger (2007) later re-identified the smaller specimen as A. kaianus and designated the larger specimen as the lectotype of A. beauforti. 158674672,Aseraggodes chapleaui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,chapleaui,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158674694,Aseraggodes cheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,cheni,,,,,"Randall & Senou, 2007", 158674751,Aseraggodes corymbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,corymbus,,,,,"Randall & Bartsch, 2007", 158674774,Aseraggodes cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,cyaneus,,,,,"(Alcock, 1890)","As reported in the literature, Aseraggodes cyaneus has a widespread distribution in the Indo-West Pacific (Alcock 1890, Quero and Desoutter 1990, Winterbottom and Anderson 1997, Munroe 2000, Munroe 2001, Manilo and Bogorodsky 2003, Fricke et al. 2018). However, the taxonomic status of such widely distributed subpopulations purportedly of this species needs further investigation. It is likely that a species complex is represented among these subpopulations." 158876675,Aseraggodes dubius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,dubius,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 158876758,Aseraggodes filiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,filiger,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 158876789,Aseraggodes haackeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,haackeanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1883)", 158876908,Aseraggodes kaianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,kaianus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)", 158877016,Aseraggodes kobensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,kobensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1896)", 158877156,Aseraggodes kruppi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,kruppi,,,,,"Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013", 158877194,Aseraggodes lenisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,lenisquamis,,,,,"Randall, 2005", 158877202,Aseraggodes longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,longipinnis,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158877295,Aseraggodes macronasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,macronasus,,,,,"Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013", 158877329,Aseraggodes martine,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,martine,,,,,"Randall & Bogorodsky, 2013", 158877343,Aseraggodes matsuurai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,matsuurai,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158877477,Aseraggodes microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,microlepidotus,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 158877494,Aseraggodes nigrocirratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,nigrocirratus,,,,,"Randall, 2005", 158877513,Aseraggodes normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,normani,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1930", 158877542,Aseraggodes orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,orientalis,,,,,"Randall & Senou, 2007","Randall and Senou (2007) note that this species was previously identified as Aseraggodes xenicus by Matsubara and Ochiai (1963)." 158877552,Aseraggodes pelvicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,pelvicus,,,,,"Randall, 2005", 158877672,Aseraggodes satapoomini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,satapoomini,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158877695,Aseraggodes senoui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,senoui,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158877733,Aseraggodes suzumotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,suzumotoi,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158877787,Aseraggodes texturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,texturatus,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 158877800,Aseraggodes umbratilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,umbratilis,,,,,"(Alcock, 1894)", 158878027,Aseraggodes zizette,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,zizette,,,,,"Randall & Desoutter-Meniger, 2007", 158878123,Barbourichthys zanzibaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Barbourichthys,zanzibaricus,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1934", 158878136,Zebrias annularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,annularis,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","

The taxonomic status of this species and Zebrias maculosus needs to be investigated (T. Munroe and R. Nair pers. comm. 2019). At present, both nominal species are considered valid (Eschmeyer et al. 2019). 

" 158878192,Brachirus aspilos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,aspilos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","In a recent redescription of the soleid Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker 1852), Okamoto and Motomura (2021) regarded B. dicholepis (Peters 1877), B. heterolepis (Bleeker 1856), B. marmoratus (Bleeker 1853), and B. sorsogonensis (Evermann and Seale 1907) as junior, subjective synonyms of B. aspilos. This taxonomic conclusion is followed herein." 158878297,Brachirus breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,breviceps,,,,,"Ogilby, 1910", 158878334,Brachirus fitzroiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,fitzroiensis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1882)", 158878443,Brachirus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,niger,,,,,"(Macleay, 1880)", 158878486,Brachirus swinhonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,swinhonis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)","Synaptura swinhonis was described by Steindachner (1867) based on a single specimen collected off Hong Kong. Since that time, no other specimens of this nominal species have been reported in the literature, but it has been regarded as a valid species by most authors (e.g., Li and Wang 1995, Munroe 2000, Voronina 2019). Okamoto and Motomura (2021) tentatively consider Brachirus swinhonis (Steindachner 1867) as valid, pending further specimens from Hong Kong. At present, this species is considered valid pending further investigation." 158878517,Brachirus villosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,villosus,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 158878674,Heteromycteris hartzfeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Heteromycteris,hartzfeldii,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 158878734,Heteromycteris japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Heteromycteris,japonicus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)", 158878778,Heteromycteris matsubarai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Heteromycteris,matsubarai,,,,,"(Ochiai, 1963)", 158878846,Leptachirus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,alleni,,,,,"Randall, 2007", 158879183,Leptachirus bensbach,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,bensbach,,,,,"Randall, 2007", 158879221,Leptachirus kikori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,kikori,,,,,"Randall, 2007", 158879268,Leptachirus klunzingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,klunzingeri,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 158879314,Leptachirus lorentz,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,lorentz,,,,,"Randall, 2007", 158879329,Leptachirus robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Leptachirus,robertsi,,,,,"Randall, 2007", 158879365,Liachirus whitleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Liachirus,whitleyi,,,,,"Chabanaud, 1950", 158879553,Paradicula setifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Paradicula,setifer,,,,,"(Paradice, 1927)", 158879635,Pardachirus hedleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pardachirus,hedleyi,,,,,"Ogilby, 1916", 158879668,Pardachirus rautheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pardachirus,rautheri,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1931)","Chabanaud (1931) described Achirus rautheri on the basis of a single specimen taken from Port Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Clark and George (1979) and Desoutter et al. (2001) considered this species to be a junior synonym of Pardachirus hedleyi Ogilby 1916, whereas Larson and Williams (1997) treated it as a junior synonym of P. poropterus (Bleeker 1851). However, Randall and Johnson (2007), in a revision of the genus Pardachirus, concluded that P. rautheri (Chabanaud 1931) is a valid species." 158879977,Phyllichthys punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Phyllichthys,punctatus,,,,,"McCulloch, 1916", 158879993,Phyllichthys sclerolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Phyllichthys,sclerolepis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1878)", 158880053,Phyllichthys sejunctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Phyllichthys,sejunctus,,,,,"Whitley, 1935", 158880150,Pseudaesopia callizona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Pseudaesopia,callizona,,,,,"(Regan, 1903)","The generic placement of Synaptura callizona Regan 1903 is uncertain. It has been placed in the genera Aesopia, Pseudaesopia, and Zebrias by various authors. The current name in the Catalog of Fishes is Zebrias callizona, but no references or justification are provided to support this listing. Stephens (2011), in an unpublished revision of Zebrias and related genera, concluded that Synaptura callizona Regan 1903 should be assigned to the genus Pseudaesopia, and this decision is recognized herein." 158880240,Rendahlia jaubertensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Rendahlia,jaubertensis,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1921)", 158880285,Rhinosolea microlepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Rhinosolea,microlepidota,,,,,"Fowler, 1946", 158880573,Soleichthys dori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,dori,,,,,"Randall & Munroe, 2008", 158880612,Soleichthys maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,maculosus,,,,,"Muchhala & Munroe, 2004", 158880677,Soleichthys microcephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,microcephalus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)","Soleichthys microcephalus was originally described by Günther (1862). Munroe and Menke (2004) redescribed this species because they discovered that specimens in collections previously identified as S. microcephalus actually represented three species (S. microcephalus, S. oculofasciatus, and S. serpenpellis). As such, specimens identified as S. microcephalus before 2004 may be incorrect." 158880751,Soleichthys multifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,multifasciatus,,,,,"(Kaup, 1858)","Desoutter et al. (2001) considered Soleichthys multifasciatus (Kaup 1858) to be a synonym of Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker 1856), but it has since been considered to be a valid species (Muchhala and Munroe 2004, Munroe and Menke 2004, Randall and Munroe 2008)." 158880824,Soleichthys nigrostriolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,nigrostriolatus,,,,,"(Steindachner & Kner, 1870)","Li and Wang (1995) considered Soleichthys nigrostriolatus (Steindachner and Kner 1870) to be a synonym of Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker 1856). More recently, S. nigrostriolatus has been treated as a valid species (Muchhala and Munroe 2004, Munroe and Menke 2004, Randall and Munroe 2008)." 158880874,Soleichthys oculofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,oculofasciatus,,,,,"Munroe & Menke, 2004", 158880934,Soleichthys serpenpellis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,serpenpellis,,,,,"Munroe & Menke, 2004", 158880956,Soleichthys siammakuti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Soleichthys,siammakuti,,,,,"Wongratana, 1975", 158881003,Typhlachirus caecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Typhlachirus,caecus,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1931","This species was originally assigned to the genus Cryptops (Hardenberg 1931a); however, the genus name Cryptops was preoccupied. The species was subsequently reassigned to the genus Typhlachirus by Hardenberg (1931b)." 158881014,Zebrias cancellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,cancellatus,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1916)", 158881030,Zebrias cochinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,cochinensis,,,,,"Rama-Rao, 1967","There has been some taxonomic confusion between this species and Zebrias keralensis. These taxonomic issues have not been fully resolved. At present, both nominal species are considered valid (Fricke et al. 2019)." 158881036,Zebrias craticulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,craticulus,,,,,"(McCulloch, 1916)","McCulloch (1916) described a new species of sole from Australian waters as Synaptura craticula. Later, this species was transferred to the genus Zebrias. To agree with the masculine gender of Zebrias, the specific epithet for this species was changed to craticulus. Not all authors have agreed with the spelling of this epithet, instead they continued to use craticula (Allen and Swainson 1988, Allen 1997, Hutchins 2001, Larson et al. 2013) or craticulatus (Hoese and Bray 2006). However, according to the Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2021) and ETYFish (Scharpf and Lazara 2020), the correct spelling of the species epithet is craticulus." 158881129,Phyllichthys munroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Phyllichthys,munroi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1966)","Whitley (1966) described a new sole from Australian waters as Strabozebrias munroi. Subsequently, this species was listed both in the genus Phyllichthys and in the genus Strabozebrias by Hutchins (2001). Munroe (2001), based on morphological and pigmentation features, considered this species as a member of the genus Phyllichthys. Stephens (2011), in an unpublished thesis, also considered Strabozebrias munroi Whitley 1966 as a member of the genus Phyllichthys, based on these morphological and pigmentation features. This decision has not been universally accepted, instead, several authors have recognized this species as a member of Zebrias (e.g. Hoese and Bray 2006, Bray 2017). For the purposes of this assessment, based on the information presented in Munroe (2001) and Stephens (2011), this species is considered a member of Phyllichthys." 158881166,Zebrias penescalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,penescalaris,,,,,"Gomon, 1987", 158881223,Zebrias scalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,scalaris,,,,,"Gomon, 1987","Gomon (1987) designated Zebrias scalaris as a replacement name for Synaptura fasciata Macleay 1882, which is preoccupied in Zebrias by Solea fasciata Basilewsky 1855." 158881297,Zebrias zebrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Zebrias,zebrinus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)","Historically, a great deal of confusion has surrounded the species complex comprising Zebrias zebra (Bloch 1787), Zebrias zebrinus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846), Zebrias ommatura (Richardson 1846), and Zebrias fasciatus (Basilewsky 1855). Zebrias ommatura and Z. fasciatus have been regarded as junior subjective synonyms for both Z. zebra and Z. zebrinus by different authors. The more persistent problem involves the taxonomic status of Z. zebra (Bloch 1787) and Z. zebrinus (Temminck and Schlegel 1847). These have been considered synonymous by some authors (Ochiai 1963, Lindberg and Fedorov 1993, Li and Wang 1995, Kottelat 2013), whereas other authors (Wang et al. 2014) have regarded both as valid species. The most recent appraisal of these nominal species based on morphology and molecular data (Wang et al. 2014) concluded that both Z. zebra (Bloch 1787) and Z. zebrinus (Temminck and Schlegel 1847) are valid, while Z. ommatura  and Z. fasciatus are junior subjective synonyms of Z. zebrinus. These conclusions are followed herein." 158882395,Nautichthys oculofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,HEMITRIPTERIDAE,Nautichthys,oculofasciatus,,,,,"(Girard, 1858)","

This species, along with the rest of the family Hemitripteridae, was included for a long time in the family Cottidae, but the monophyly of the family Hemitripteridae was established in the 1980s leading Mecklenburg (2003) to consider its taxonomy well established.

" 158882453,Hexagrammos decagrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,HEXAGRAMMIDAE,Hexagrammos,decagrammus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1810)","

Hexagrammos superciliosus is sometimes considered a subspecies of Hexagrammos lagocephalus or of Hexagrammos decagrammus (Gomelyuk 2000). Furthermore, the sexual dimorphism is so strong in this species that males and females were originally described as different species, females as Chirus guttatus and Chirus maculoseriatus, and the males as Chirus constellatus (Mecklenburg and Eschmeyer 2003).

" 158882544,Hexagrammos lagocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,HEXAGRAMMIDAE,Hexagrammos,lagocephalus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1810)","Hexagrammos lagocephalus has long been considered a separate species from Hexagrammos superciliosus, however molecular data does not support this hypothesis and H. superciliosus is now considered a junior synonym of H. lagocephalus (Crow et al. 2004)." 158882686,Oxylebius pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,HEXAGRAMMIDAE,Oxylebius,pictus,,,,,"Gill, 1862","

Shinohara (1994) and Crow et al. (2004) consider the genus Oxylebius to belong to the family Zaniolepididae, but Mecklenburg and Eschmeyer (2003) place it in the family Hexagrammidae. As this latter placement has been followed by recent authors (e.g., Kells et al. 2016, Pietsch and Orr 2019), we treat this species as a member of the Hexagrammidae. Further research is needed to clarify familial placement of this genus.

" 158882723,Rhamphocottus richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,RHAMPHOCOTTIDAE,Rhamphocottus,richardsonii,,,,,"Günther, 1874","This species is currently considered to be the only species of the family Rhamphocottidae, however in past years it was considered part of the family Cottidae (Mecklenburg 2003)." 158883246,Anoplocapros lenticularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Anoplocapros,lenticularis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1841)", 158883594,Aracana aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Aracana,aurita,,,,,"(Shaw, 1798)", 183810,Symphurus atramentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,atramentatus,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890", 183227,Symphurus atricaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,atricaudus,,,,,"(Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)", 183796,Symphurus callopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,callopterus,,,,,"Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989", 183601,Symphurus chabanaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,chabanaudi,,,,,"Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990",This species is frequently misidentified as Symphurus elongatus (Mahadeva and Munroe 1990). 183376,Symphurus elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,elongatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",This species is frequently misidentified as Symphurus chabanaudi (Mahadeva and Munroe 1990). 183803,Symphurus fasciolaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,fasciolaris,,,,,Gilbert 1892, 183432,Symphurus gorgonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,gorgonae,,,,,Chabanaud 1948, 183892,Symphurus leeorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,leeorum,,,,,"Jordan & Bollman, 1890","Symphurus leei Jordan and Bollman 1890 was named after Professor L.A. Lee and Mr. Thomas Lee. According to Fricke et al. (2021), the appropriate spelling of the specific epithet should be leeorum because this is the correct form when the species was named after two people (ICZN Article 31.1.2)." 183906,Symphurus melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,melanurus,,,,,"Clark, 1936",Munroe (1990) placed Symphurus seychellensis Chabanaud 1955 and S. sechurae Hildebrand 1946 into the synonymy of S. melanurus Clark 1936. 183806,Symphurus melasmatotheca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,melasmatotheca,,,,,"Munroe & Nizinski, 1990", 183683,Symphurus oligomerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,oligomerus,,,,,"Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990", 183606,Symphurus prolatinaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,prolatinaris,,,,,"Munroe, Nizinski & Mahadeva, 1991", 183210,Symphurus undecimplerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,undecimplerus,,,,,"Munroe & Nizinski, 1990", 183215,Symphurus varius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,varius,,,,,Garman 1899, 183881,Symphurus williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Symphurus,williamsi,,,,,"Jordan & Culver, 1895", 49830385,Bunocephalus aleuropsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,aleuropsis,,,,,"Cope, 1870",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830466,Bunocephalus verrucosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,verrucosus,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

159099689,Anarrhichthys ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANARHICHADIDAE,Anarrhichthys,ocellatus,,,,,"Ayres, 1855", 159099353,Barathronus algrahami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Barathronus,algrahami,,,,,"Nielsen, Pogonoski & Appleyard, 2019", 159098975,Chlorophthalmus imperator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,CHLOROPHTHALMIDAE,Chlorophthalmus,imperator,,,,,"Fujiwara, Wada & Motomura, 2019", 159099200,Sardinella electra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,electra,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2019", 159099258,Sardinella pacifica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,pacifica,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2019", 159099284,Stolephorus insignus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,insignus,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2018", 159025755,Hyporhamphus quoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Hyporhamphus,quoyi,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)", 159099095,Trachinocephalus atrisignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,SYNODONTIDAE,Trachinocephalus,atrisignis,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2019", 159145434,Cynoglossus westraliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,westraliensis,,,,,"Fricke, 2019", 159145430,Cynoglossus yokomaru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,yokomaru,,,,,"Naito & Endo, 2019", 159145278,Parupeneus angulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,angulatus,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 2009", 159145282,Parupeneus diagonalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,diagonalis,,,,,"Randall, 2004", 159145286,Parupeneus fraserorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,fraserorum,,,,,"Randall & King, 2009",This species can be easily confused with the congener Parupeneus heptacanthus (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 159145290,Parupeneus minys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,minys,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 2009",This species is easily confused with Parupeneus heptacanthus (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 159145294,Parupeneus nansen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,nansen,,,,,"Randall & Heemstra, 2009",This species is easily confused with Parupeneus heptacanthus (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 159145298,Parupeneus procerigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,procerigena,,,,,"Kim & Amaoka, 2001", 159145302,Parupeneus rubescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Parupeneus,rubescens,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1801)", 159145308,Upeneus davidaromi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,davidaromi,,,,,"Golani, 2001", 159145312,Upeneus heemstra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,heemstra,,,,,"Uiblein & Gouws, 2014", 159145316,Upeneus margarethae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,margarethae,,,,,"Uiblein & Heemstra, 2010",This species was recently revised by Uiblein et al. (2019). 159145320,Upeneus mascareinsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,mascareinsis,,,,,"Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1967", 159145324,Upeneus niebuhri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,niebuhri,,,,,"Guézé, 1976","This species is easily confused with other goatfish species, including Upeneus heemstra (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019)." 159145328,Upeneus saiab,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,saiab,,,,,"Uiblein & Lisher, 2013",This species was previously misidentified as Upeneus guttatus and U. bensassei (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 159145332,Upeneus seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,seychellensis,,,,,"Uiblein & Heemstra, 2011", 159145336,Upeneus suahelicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,suahelicus,,,,,"Uiblein & Heemstra, 2010",This species is may be confused with Upeneus vittatus (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 159145340,Upeneus supravittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,supravittatus,,,,,"Uiblein & Heemstra, 2010",This species may be confused with Upeneus vittatus (F. Uiblein pers. comm. 2019). 159145386,Bairdiella goeldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bairdiella,goeldi,,,,,"Marceniuk, Molina, Caires, Rotundo, Wosiacki & Oliveira, 2019", 159145390,Bairdiella veraecrucis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bairdiella,veraecrucis,,,,,"Jordan & Dickerson, 1908", 159145398,Johnius taiwanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,taiwanensis,,,,,"Chao, Chang, Chen, Guo, Lin, Liou, Shen & Liu, 2019", 159145394,Otolithes arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Otolithes,arabicus,,,,,"Lin, Qurban, Shen & Chao, 2019", 159145402,Argyrops caeruleops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrops,caeruleops,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2018","This species has recently been described as distinct from an A. filamentosus species complex. These two species have previously been confused (Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2018). This species has a blue lacrimal and preopercular flange and is commonly confused with A. spinifer that lacks the blue colouration of the head (Y. Iwatsuki pers. comm. 2019)." 159145406,Argyrops flavops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrops,flavops,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2018","This species has recently been described as distinct from A. spinifer, with which it has been confused (Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2018)." 159145410,Argyrops notialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Argyrops,notialis,,,,,"Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2018",This species has recently been described as distinct from an A. spinifer species complex. The two species have been confused in the past (Iwatsuki and Heemstra 2018). 159145751,Pogonias courbina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pogonias,courbina,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)",This species was recently separated from Pogonias cromis (Azpelicueta et al. 2019). 49830368,Lebiasina panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,panamensis,,,,,"Gill, 1877", 49830505,Gasteropelecus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,GASTEROPELECIDAE,Gasteropelecus,maculatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879", 159145792,Panamius panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Panamius,panamensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 159145817,Parachromis dovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parachromis,dovii,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 176235,Amphisbaena absaberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,absaberi,,,,,"(Strüssmann & Carvalho, 2001)", 29475,Amphisbaena anaemariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,anaemariae,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1997", 75159367,Amphisbaena bilabialata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,bilabialata,,,,,"(Stimson, 1972)", 29476,Amphisbaena crisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,crisae,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1997", 176227,Amphisbaena lumbricalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,lumbricalis,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1996", 176228,Amphisbaena neglecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,neglecta,,,,,"Dunn & Piatt, 1936", 176230,Amphisbaena pretrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,pretrei,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1839", 176231,Amphisbaena ridleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,ridleyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1890", 176234,Amphisbaena tragorrhectes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,tragorrhectes,,,,,"Vanzolini, 1971","Avila-Pires et al. (2010) state that a large sample of small amphisbaenians from the area around the Amphisbaena tragorrhectes type locality confirm that this species is a junior synonym of A. vanzolini. It appears that a ""forthcoming paper"" providing the evidence for this synonymy has never been published, and at present A. tragorrhectes is recognized as a valid species." 174111,Coleodactylus natalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Coleodactylus,natalensis,,,,,"Freire, 1999","Recent molecular studies (Geurgas et al., 2008) indicate that the taxonomic diversity within Coleodactylus is largely underestimated, resulting from ancient vicariant events started back in the late Cretaceous (64.2 - 75.2 mya). The genus includes a large number of cryptic species, and Coleodactylus natalensis is nested within a clade including undescribed species currently assigned to C. meridionalis. Further taxonomic studies are necessary for describing the real diversity within this genus. Despite the overall ancient nature of divergence within the genus, molecular data indicate a relatively recent (1.9 ± 1.3 mya) divergence between C. natalensis and undescribed species allocated to C. meridionalis." 178724,Colobodactylus dalcyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Colobodactylus,dalcyanus,,,,,"Vanzolini & Ramos, 1977", 178188,Contomastix vacariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Contomastix,vacariensis,,,,,"(Feltrim & Lema, 2000)", 178588,Eurolophosaurus amathites,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Eurolophosaurus,amathites,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1984)", 29455,Gymnophthalmus vanzoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Gymnophthalmus,vanzoi,,,,,"Carvalho, 1999", 176240,Leposternon polystegum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,polystegum,,,,,"(Duméril, 1851)", 176241,Leposternon scutigerum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Leposternon,scutigerum,,,,,"(Hemprich, 1820)", 178744,Liolaemus arambarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,arambarensis,,,,,"Verrastro, Veronese, Bujes & Martins Dias Filho, 2003", 178622,Psilops paeminosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Psilops,paeminosus,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1991)", 178594,Tropidurus erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,erythrocephalus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1987", 49845566,Tropidurus helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,helenae,,,,,"(Manzani & Abe, 1990)", 49845594,Tropidurus insulanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,insulanus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1987", 49845602,Tropidurus itambere,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,itambere,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1987", 49845628,Tropidurus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,montanus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1987", 49845644,Tropidurus oreadicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,oreadicus,,,,,"Rodrigues, 1987", 49845652,Tropidurus pinima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,pinima,,,,,"(Rodrigues, 1984)", 178631,Tropidurus psammonastes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,psammonastes,,,,,"Rodrigues, Kasahara & Yonenaga-Yasuda, 1988", 178707,Tropidurus semitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Tropidurus,semitaeniatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)",The genus Platynotus has been revalidated by Schmidt and Inger (1951) and by Vanzolini et al. (1980). 203158,Urostrophus vautieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEIOSAURIDAE,Urostrophus,vautieri,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1837", 59092521,Vanzosaura multiscutata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Vanzosaura,multiscutata,,,,,"(Amaral, 1933)", 159100452,Champsocephalus esox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNICHTHYIDAE,Champsocephalus,esox,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 195021,Sprattus fuegensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sprattus,fuegensis,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1842)", 195023,Engraulis anchoita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Engraulis,anchoita,,,,,"Hubbs & Marini, 1935", 159100515,Harpagifer bispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HARPAGIFERIDAE,Harpagifer,bispinis,,,,,"(Forster, 1801)",Work is underway that will consider Harpagifer palliolatus a synonym of H. bispinis (M. Hüne pers. comm. 2019). 159145356,Patagonotothen tessellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,NOTOTHENIIDAE,Patagonotothen,tessellata,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)", 195078,Acanthistius patachonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANTHIADIDAE,Acanthistius,patachonicus,,,,,"(Jenyns, 1840)","Acanthistius patachonicus and A. brasilianus have been confused in the past, but are confirmed as separate species. Acanthistius brasilianus does not occur in Argentine waters (Irigoyen et al. 2008, 2010)." 159614502,Acheilognathus asmussii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Acheilognathus,asmussii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1872)", 159614950,Rhodeus amurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,ACHEILOGNATHIDAE,Rhodeus,amurensis,,,,,"(Vronsky, 1967)", 169597,Tachysurus brashnikowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,brashnikowi,,,,,"(Berg, 1907)",Some authorities consider this species to be a synonym of P. nitidus. 159616403,Tachysurus herzensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,herzensteini,,,,,"(Berg, 1907)", 159616452,Tachysurus mica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,mica,,,,,"(Gromov, 1970)", 159616524,Tachysurus ussuriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Tachysurus,ussuriensis,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1872)", 159616558,Parabotia mantschuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Parabotia,mantschuricus,,,,,"(Berg, 1907)", 62192,Catostomus catostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,catostomus,,,,,"(Forster, 1773)", 159617606,Cobitis gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,gracilis,,,,,"Chen & Chen, 2016", 159617993,Cobitis lebedevi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,lebedevi,,,,,"Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985", 159618078,Cobitis lutheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Cobitis,lutheri,,,,,"Rendahl, 1935", 159619005,Misgurnus buphoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Misgurnus,buphoensis,,,,,"Kim & Park, 1995", 159619085,Misgurnus nikolskyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Misgurnus,nikolskyi,,,,,"Vasil'eva, 2001", 159625993,Abyssocottus elochini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Abyssocottus,elochini,,,,,"Taliev, 1955", 159626061,Abyssocottus gibbosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Abyssocottus,gibbosus,,,,,"Berg, 1906", 159626118,Abyssocottus korotneffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Abyssocottus,korotneffi,,,,,"Berg, 1906", 159626298,Asprocottus abyssalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,abyssalis,,,,,"Taliev, 1955", 159626345,Asprocottus herzensteini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,herzensteini,,,,,"Berg, 1906", 159626506,Asprocottus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,intermedius,,,,,"Taliev, 1955", 159626554,Asprocottus korjakovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,korjakovi,,,,,"Sideleva, 2001", 159626665,Asprocottus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,minor,,,,,"Sideleva, 2001", 159626730,Asprocottus parmiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,parmiferus,,,,,"Taliev, 1955", 159626759,Asprocottus platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,platycephalus,,,,,"Taliev, 1955", 159626865,Asprocottus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Asprocottus,pulcher,,,,,"Taliev, 1955", 159626980,Batrachocottus baicalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Batrachocottus,baicalensis,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1874)", 159627065,Batrachocottus multiradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Batrachocottus,multiradiatus,,,,,"Berg, 1907", 159627217,Batrachocottus nikolskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Batrachocottus,nikolskii,,,,,"(Berg, 1900)", 159627307,Batrachocottus talievi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Batrachocottus,talievi,,,,,"Sideleva, 1999", 159627515,Comephorus baikalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Comephorus,baikalensis,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 159627633,Comephorus dybowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Comephorus,dybowskii,,,,,"Korotneff, 1904", 159627778,Cottinella boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottinella,boulengeri,,,,,"(Berg, 1906)", 159627912,Cottocomephorus comephoroides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottocomephorus,comephoroides,,,,,"(Berg, 1900)","Cottocomephorus comphoroides (following Bogdanov 2019) includes synonyms C. comwogieiuswa Berg, 1900, and data of Sideleva (2002) for C. alexandrae identified as C. comephotoides by Bogdanov (2019)." 159628023,Cottocomephorus grewingkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottocomephorus,grewingkii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1874)","Cottocomephorus alexandrae is considered as the synonym of Cottocomephorus grewingkii (Bogdanov 2019), and is distributed mainly in the southern part of Baikal Lake, found at the Strait of Maloe More and in the Selenga shallows." 159629137,Cottocomephorus inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottocomephorus,inermis,,,,,"(Yakovlev, 1890)",Cottocomephorus inermis (following Bogdanov 2019). 159629361,Cottus altaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,altaicus,,,,,"Kaschenko, 1899", 159629490,Cottus amblystomopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,amblystomopsis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1904", 159629581,Cottus czerskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,czerskii,,,,,"Berg, 1913", 159629868,Cottus dzungaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,dzungaricus,,,,,"Kottelat, 2006","Kottelat (2006) established Cottus dzungaricus as a new replacement name for Cottus sibiricus altaicus (Li et al. 1966) which is described from the Ertix (upper Irtysh) and its tributary Ulungur River in China. Cottus dzungaricus is possibly a synonym of C. sibiricus (Golubtsov and Malkov 2007, Sideleva 2017)." 159630073,Cottus hangiongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,hangiongensis,,,,,"Mori, 1930", 159630214,Cottus kolymensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,kolymensis,,,,,"Sideleva & Goto, 2012","The species' distribution includes the Kolyma drainage, western Chukotka Peninsula and rivers of the northern Sea of Okhotsk (Chereshnev 2008, Sideleva and Goto 2012, Bogdanov and Knizhin 2013, Parin et al. 2014). Distribution in the north-eastern Kamchatka is questionable as the Kamchatka Sculpin C. cf. poecilopus may represent a distinct species (Tokranov et al. 2019). The Lena Sculpin is now referred to as C. kuznetzovi and the identity of the sculpin in the area between the Lena and the Kolyma (e.g., in Yana and Indigirka rivers) needs further research." 159630985,Cottus kuznetzovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,kuznetzovi,,,,,"Berg, 1903", 159631103,Cottus nasalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,nasalis,,,,,"Berg, 1933",Cottus nasalis might be a synonym of C. spinulosus and more taxonomic research is needed to potentially distinguish both species. 159631614,Cottus szanaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,szanaga,,,,,"Dybowski, 1869", 159631726,Cottus volki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,volki,,,,,"Taranetz, 1933", 159632282,Cyphocottus eurystomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cyphocottus,eurystomus,,,,,"(Taliev, 1955)", 159632421,Cyphocottus megalops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cyphocottus,megalops,,,,,"(Gratzianov, 1902)", 159632628,Leocottus kesslerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Leocottus,kesslerii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1874)", 159632719,Limnocottus bergianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Limnocottus,bergianus,,,,,"Taliev, 1935", 159632800,Limnocottus godlewskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Limnocottus,godlewskii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1874)", 159632832,Limnocottus griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Limnocottus,griseus,,,,,"(Taliev, 1955)", 159633453,Limnocottus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Limnocottus,pallidus,,,,,"Taliev, 1948", 159633608,Megalocottus taeniopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Megalocottus,taeniopterus,,,,,"(Kner, 1868)", 159633773,Mesocottus haitej,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Mesocottus,haitej,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1869)", 159634086,Neocottus thermalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Neocottus,thermalis,,,,,"Sideleva, 2002", 159634174,Neocottus werestschagini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Neocottus,werestschagini,,,,,"(Taliev, 1935)", 159634674,Paracottus knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Paracottus,knerii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1874)", 159635769,Procottus gotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Procottus,gotoi,,,,,"Sideleva, 2001", 159635875,Procottus gurwicii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Procottus,gurwicii,,,,,"(Taliev, 1946)", 159636050,Procottus jeittelesii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Procottus,jeittelesii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1874)", 159636240,Procottus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Procottus,major,,,,,"Taliev, 1949", 166052,Cyprinus rubrofuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,rubrofuscus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1803","

Cyprinus rubrofuscus is the species commonly identified as the Common Carp, C. carpio, a species native to eastern Europe and central Asia. Contrary to what is often believed, the European Carp is not introduced in Europe from Asia (Kottelat 1997, Kottelat 2001). Cyprinus carpio has been introduced worldwide, but many cultivated stocks in Asia are in fact C. rubrofuscus, a species native to Eastern Asia (China, and probably Japan and Viet Nam). The molecular data of Zhou et al. (2004) support this conclusion although these authors did not discuss the taxonomy aspect of their results.

" 159637629,Esox reichertii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,ESOCIDAE,Esox,reichertii,,,,,"Dybowski, 1869", 159638212,Gasterosteus nipponicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Gasterosteus,nipponicus,,,,,"Higuchi, Sakai & Goto, 2014", 18257727,Pungitius bussei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,bussei,,,,,"(Warpachowski, 1888)", 19915112,Pungitius polyakovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,polyakovi,,,,,"Shedko, Shedko & Pietsch, 2005", 19915743,Pungitius sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GASTEROSTEIFORMES,GASTEROSTEIDAE,Pungitius,sinensis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1869)", 159639612,Benthophilus ragimovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Benthophilus,ragimovi,,,,,"Boldyrev & Bogutskaya, 2004", 181137,Acanthogobius flavimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acanthogobius,flavimanus,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)", 159667176,Acanthogobius lactipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acanthogobius,lactipes,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1879)", 159667348,Gymnogobius breunigii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,breunigii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 159667568,Gymnogobius macrognathos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,macrognathos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 159667589,Gymnogobius mororanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,mororanus,,,,,"(Jordan & Snyder, 1901)", 159667609,Gymnogobius opperiens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,opperiens,,,,,"Stevenson, 2002", 159667628,Gymnogobius petschiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,petschiliensis,,,,,"(Rendahl, 1924)", 159667650,Gymnogobius taranetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,taranetzi,,,,,"(Pinchuk, 1978)","As morphologically defined, Gymnogobius taranetzi has a polyphyletic origin (Sota et al. 2005) and therefore, the range of this species in Russia needs further clarification (Parin et al. 2014)." 159667668,Gymnogobius urotaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,urotaenia,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1879)", 159667690,Luciogobius guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Luciogobius,guttatus,,,,,"Gill, 1859", 198667,Pomatoschistus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Risso, 1810)", 198668,Pomatoschistus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pomatoschistus,minutus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1770)",Stefanni et al. (2003) found that populations from the Atlantic and the western Mediterranean differs from those in the Adriatic (Venice). 159668563,Rhinogobius lindbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,lindbergi,,,,,"Berg, 1933", 169646,Tridentiger bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tridentiger,bifasciatus,,,,,"Steindachner, 1881", 159668848,Tridentiger brevispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tridentiger,brevispinis,,,,,"Katsuyama, Arai & Nakamura, 1972", 159669128,Gnathopogon mantschuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gnathopogon,mantschuricus,,,,,"(Berg, 1914)","Gnathopogon mantschuricus (following Bogutskaya et al. 2008) includes the synonym Gnathopogon soldatovi, previously a synonym of Paraleucogobio strigatus. Both G. mantschuricus and G. soldatovi were historically synonyms of P. strigatus, but this separate species itself is now recognised as absent from the Amur drainage." 159669370,Gobio macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,macrocephalus,,,,,"Mori, 1930", 159669422,Gobio sibiricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,sibiricus,,,,,"Nikolskii, 1936",Thios species is often identified as Gobio gobio cynocephalus. 159669499,Gobio soldatovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,soldatovi,,,,,"Berg, 1914", 159669544,Gobiobotia pappenheimi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobiobotia,pappenheimi,,,,,"Kreyenberg, 1911", 159670723,Hemibarbus labeo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Hemibarbus,labeo,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 159671232,Hemibarbus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Hemibarbus,maculatus,,,,,"Bleeker, 1871", 49829880,Heterocharax macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Heterocharax,macrolepis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 159671588,Ladislavia taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Ladislavia,taczanowskii,,,,,"Dybowski, 1869", 159671646,Mesogobio tumenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Mesogobio,tumenensis,,,,,"Chang, 1980", 159671701,Microphysogobio amurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,amurensis,,,,,"(Taranetz, 1937)",The majority of Russian authors did not distinguish M. amurensis and M. anudarini (N. Bogutskaya pers. comm. 2020). 159671764,Microphysogobio anudarini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Microphysogobio,anudarini,,,,,"Holcík & Pivnicka, 1969","It is not clear if  the ""Russian"" Argun', as well as other rivers of the Upper Amur in Russia, are included in this species'  distribution as the majority of Russian authors do not distinguish between M. amurensis and M. anudarini." 159705546,Romanogobio tenuicorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Romanogobio,tenuicorpus,,,,,"(Mori, 1934)", 159705614,Sarcocheilichthys czerskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Sarcocheilichthys,czerskii,,,,,"(Berg, 1914)", 159705829,Sarcocheilichthys soldatovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Sarcocheilichthys,soldatovi,,,,,"(Berg, 1914)", 159705977,Squalidus mantschuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Squalidus,mantschuricus,,,,,"(Mori, 1927)","Identification of the Long-barbelled Amur Gudgeon (Gobio ussuriensis morpha longicirris Berg, 1914 [name not available]) as S. mantschuricus Mori, 1927 from the Liao drainage still needs further studies. Naseka (1996) found no difference between the Long-barbelled Amur Gudgeon and type material of S. mantschuricus from the Liao River and treated them as a valid subspecies of S. argentatus. Bogutskaya et al. (2008) considered S. matschuricus as a full species distributed in the Amur and the Liao. Unless this hypothesis is rejected based on additional studies, the Long-barbelled Amur Gudgeon is treated as S. mantschuricus." 159706513,Leuciscus dzungaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,dzungaricus,,,,,"Paepke & Koch, 1998", 159706655,Leuciscus waleckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Leuciscus,waleckii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1869)", 159708117,Rhynchocypris oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Mori, 1930)","Formerly Phoxinus oxyrhynchus (Mori 1930), this species is now recognised as Rhynchocypris oxyrhynchus, now belonging to the group Lagowskii, which is in Rhynchocypris genus." 159708294,Phoxinus ujmonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,ujmonensis,,,,,"Kaschenko, 1899", 159708516,Oreoleuciscus humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Oreoleuciscus,humilis,,,,,"Warpachowski, 1889", 159708631,Oreoleuciscus potanini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Oreoleuciscus,potanini,,,,,"(Kessler, 1879)", 159708848,Pseudaspius brandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudaspius,brandtii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1872)", 159708969,Pseudaspius hakonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudaspius,hakonensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 159709138,Pseudaspius leptocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudaspius,leptocephalus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)", 159709497,Pseudaspius sachalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Pseudaspius,sachalinensis,,,,,"(Nikolskii, 1889)", 159709657,Rhynchocypris lagowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,lagowskii,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1869)", 159709731,Rhynchocypris mantschuricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,mantschuricus,,,,,"(Berg, 1907)", 159709916,Rhynchocypris oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,oxycephalus,,,,,"(Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874)", 159710078,Rhynchocypris sachalinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Rhynchocypris,sachalinensis,,,,,"(Berg, 1907)", 169659,Barbatula altayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,altayensis,,,,,"Zhu, 1992", 159712005,Barbatula cobdonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,cobdonensis,,,,,"(Gundriser, 1973)", 159712119,Barbatula golubtsovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,golubtsovi,,,,,"(Prokofiev, 2003)", 159712221,Barbatula markakulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,markakulensis,,,,,"(Menshikov, 1939)", 159712266,Barbatula nuda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,nuda,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1864)", 159712670,Barbatula restricta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,restricta,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2015", 159712715,Barbatula sawadai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,sawadai,,,,,"(Prokofiev, 2007)", 159713362,Barbatula tomiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,tomiana,,,,,"(Ruzsky, 1920)","This species is believed to occur in the Irtysh and Ob as well as in other Siberian rivers east of Ob to Kolyma (inclusive). These loaches have usually been identified as Barbatula toni, which seems to be restricted to the Amur and few coastal rivers in China. However, Siberian Barbatula are in need of taxonomic revision and the identification of all these populations is preliminary." 159713626,Lefua costata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Lefua,costata,,,,,"(Kessler, 1876)", 159713884,Lefua pleskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Lefua,pleskei,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1888)", 159714936,Triplophysa chandagaitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,chandagaitensis,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2002", 159715101,Triplophysa gundriseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,gundriseri,,,,,"Prokofiev, 2002", 159715238,Perccottus glenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ODONTOBUTIDAE,Perccottus,glenii,,,,,"Dybowski, 1877", 159715311,Hypomesus japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Hypomesus,japonicus,,,,,"(Brevoort, 1856)", 159715391,Hypomesus nipponensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Hypomesus,nipponensis,,,,,"McAllister, 1963", 19014407,Platichthys stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Platichthys,stellatus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1788)", 159717665,Salangichthys microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Salangichthys,microdon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1860)", 166951,Silurus asotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,asotus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 159754137,Silurus soldatovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Silurus,soldatovi,,,,,"Nikolskii & Soin, 1948", 159754503,Dallia admirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,UMBRIDAE,Dallia,admirabilis,,,,,"Chereshnev, 1980", 202400,Dallia pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,UMBRIDAE,Dallia,pectoralis,,,,,"Bean, 1880", 159754691,Dallia delicatissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ESOCIFORMES,UMBRIDAE,Dallia,delicatissima,,,,,"Smitt, 1881", 159754908,Chanodichthys abramoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Chanodichthys,abramoides,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1872)", 166143,Chanodichthys erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Chanodichthys,erythropterus,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)","For some time, the species identified as Culter erythropterus (or Cultrichthys erythropterus) and Culter alburnus have been inverted in the Chinese and Southeast Asian literature. See Bogutskaya and Naseka (1996) for discussion. The species listed in the synonymy for Chanodichthys erythropterus by Chen (1998) in fact are synonyms of C. alburnus. Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species (Kottelat 2006)." 180698,Chanodichthys mongolicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Chanodichthys,mongolicus,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)", 159755569,Chanodichthys oxycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Chanodichthys,oxycephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1871)", 159755674,Culter alburnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Culter,alburnus,,,,,"Basilewsky, 1855", 166188,Elopichthys bambusa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Elopichthys,bambusa,,,,,"(Richardson, 1845)","
" 166883,Opsariichthys bidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Opsariichthys,bidens,,,,,"Günther, 1873","This is a likely species complex and requires confirmation (Perdices 2005, Li et al. 2009, Chen et al. 2008)." 166128,Plagiognathops microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Plagiognathops,microlepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1871)",
166930,Squaliobarbus curriculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Squaliobarbus,curriculus,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 187882,Xenocypris macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,XENOCYPRIDIDAE,Xenocypris,macrolepis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1871", 183860,Pseudorhombus binii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Pseudorhombus,binii,,,,,Tortonese 1955,The taxonomic status of this nominal species needs to be investigated further (T. Munroe pers. comm. 2020). 49830135,Lonchogenys ilisha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Lonchogenys,ilisha,,,,,"Myers, 1927",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations 160074944,Eumerus banaticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,banaticus,,,,,"Nedeljković, Grković & Vujić, 2019", 160074983,Eumerus bifurcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,bifurcatus,,,,,"van Steenis & Hauser, 2019", 160075007,Eumerus grallator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Eumerus,grallator,,,,,"Smit, 2019", 160075998,Pinna nobilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,PTERIOIDA,PINNIDAE,Pinna,nobilis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 49829724,Pellona castelnaeana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,PRISTIGASTERIDAE,Pellona,castelnaeana,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847",

There have been no published papers synonymizing this species in the last five years. There are no taxonomic limitations relevant to taxon validation.

89185587,Isthmura sierraoccidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Isthmura,sierraoccidentalis,,,,,"(Lowe, Jones, & Wright, 1968)","This is a split from the broader concept of Isthmura belli, of which it was previously considered a subspecies (Rovito et al. 2015)." 49830084,Pseudobunocephalus amazonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pseudobunocephalus,amazonicus,,,,,"(Mees, 1989)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830159,Pseudobunocephalus bifidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pseudobunocephalus,bifidus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1942)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829918,Pterobunocephalus depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pterobunocephalus,depressus,,,,,"(Haseman, 1911)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49829808,Pterobunocephalus dolichurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pterobunocephalus,dolichurus,,,,,"(Delsman, 1941)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

49830373,Roestes molossus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Roestes,molossus,,,,,"(Kner, 1858)",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 49830663,Roestes ogilviei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Roestes,ogilviei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1914)",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 49830154,Scoloplax dicra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCOLOPLACIDAE,Scoloplax,dicra,,,,,"Bailey & Baskin, 1976", 49830616,Scoloplax empousa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCOLOPLACIDAE,Scoloplax,empousa,,,,,"Schaefer, Weitzman & Britski, 1989", 49830346,Synbranchus madeirae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Synbranchus,madeirae,,,,,"Rosen & Rumney, 1972",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 160436721,Psammophis leightoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,leightoni,,,,,"Boulenger, 1902","Although Broadley (2002) elevated Psammophis leightoni namibensis and P. l. trinasalis to full species, a recent phylogenetic analysis shows that these three species are a single species (Taft 2018, Taft et al. in press)." 177563,Namazonurus campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Namazonurus,campbelli,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1938)", 122183815,Gymnogobius castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnogobius,castaneus,,,,,"(O'Shaughnessy, 1875)","Although considered valid by Eschmeyer et al. (2018), this species is recognised in Japan as a species complex composed of a few species." 156993,Acicula parcelineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,ACICULIDAE,Acicula,parcelineata,,,,,"(Clessin, 1911)","Two published occurrences in the Caucuses (Jackiewicz 1974, Boeters et al. 1989), however, both are excluded here pending further research, and misidentification of the Caucasian A. moussoni is probable (F. Walther pers. comm. 2019)." 154936,Chaunax flammeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,CHAUNACIDAE,Chaunax,flammeus,,,,,"Le Danois, 1979", 155283,Coelophrys arca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,OGCOCEPHALIDAE,Coelophrys,arca,,,,,"Smith & Radcliffe, 1912", 202658,Cottus cognatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,cognatus,,,,,"Richardson, 1836", 160668496,Phoxinus tumensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Phoxinus,tumensis,,,,,"Luo, 1996", 160670553,Sarcocheilichthys sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Sarcocheilichthys,sinensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1871", 160670759,Sarcocheilichthys lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Sarcocheilichthys,lacustris,,,,,"(Dybowski, 1872)", 41258,Ochotona curzoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,curzoniae,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1858)",This species is within subgenus Ochotona. There are no recognized subspecies Ochotona curzoniae. This species was formerly included by some treatments in O. dauurica. The form melanostoma is a synonym of this species (Smith et al. 1990). Ochotona curzoniae is possibly sister taxa to O. nubrica (Lissovsky 2014). 7960,Equus zebra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE,Equus,zebra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Two allopatric subspecies of Mountain Zebra have traditionally been recognized, the nominate race Equus zebra zebra (Cape Mountain Zebra) and E. z. hartmannae (Hartmann's Mountain Zebra). Groves and Ryder (2000) proposed that the two be treated as distinct species, and Groves and Bell (2004) presented morphological evidence for separating the two subspecies as distinct species based on the diagnosability criterion of the phylogenetic species concept. Recent genetic analyses indicate that the two populations have a high incidence of mitochondrial haplotype sharing; the hypothesis that Cape and Hartmann's Mountain Zebra mitochondrial lineages were reciprocally monophyletic was not supported (Moodley and Hartley 2005). However, the presence of private alleles at nuclear loci rendered the two subspecies genetically distinct evolutionary significant units. We continue to recognize Mountain Zebra as a single species comprising two subspecies." 10946,Juscelinomys candango,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Juscelinomys,candango,,,,,"Moojen, 1965", 15786,Oxymycterus hucucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Oxymycterus,hucucha,,,,,"Hinojosa, Anderson & Patton, 1987", 6985,Callistomys pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ECHIMYIDAE,Callistomys,pictus,,,,,"(Pictet, 1841)",This species was on the 2000 IUCN Red List as Isothrix picta (DD). The Rodent Specialist Group note that Echimys pictus is the correct name. Now listed by IUCN as Callistomys pictus. 6909,Dugong dugon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SIRENIA,DUGONGIDAE,Dugong,dugon,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 160846300,Nucras broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,broadleyi,,,,,"Branch, Conradie, Pinto & Tolley, 2019","This species was recently split from the larger Nucras tesellata group (Broadley 1972, Branch et al. 2019)." 178502,Cryptoblepharus gloriosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,gloriosus,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1893)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region (e.g. Blom et al. 2019, Augros and Hawlitschek 2019).

The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Prior to the Horner revision, specific status was previously proposed for the Madagascan C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi and supported by significant morphological differences (Andreone and Greer 2002), but this has not been widely adopted within the region and the taxonomy of these forms remains among the most controversial in the genus.

Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 160883244,Flexiseps valhallae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Flexiseps,valhallae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)", 55579,Megastomatohyla nubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Megastomatohyla,nubicola,,,,,"(Duellman, 1964)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but was moved to the new genus Megastomatohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 178183,Panaspis annobonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,annobonensis,,,,,"Fuhn, 1972", 160962416,Parambassis confinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Parambassis,confinis,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)","

Weber and de Beaufort (1929) considered the population from the Mosso, Sermowai, and Mamberamo rivers as a separate subspecies, Parambassis confinis occidentalis, based on its apparent larger scales (37-39 lateral-line scales versus 44-46 for P. confinis confinis) (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019). 

" 160962598,Tetracentrum apogonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Tetracentrum,apogonoides,,,,,"Macleay, 1883", 160962696,Tetracentrum honessi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Tetracentrum,honessi,,,,,"(Schultz, 1945)", 160962859,Glossamia arguni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,arguni,,,,,"Hadiaty & Allen, 2011", 160962906,Glossamia beauforti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,beauforti,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 160962949,Glossamia gjellerupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,gjellerupi,,,,,"(Weber & de Beaufort, 1929)", 160963007,Glossamia narindica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,narindica,,,,,"Roberts, 1978", 160963205,Glossamia sandei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,sandei,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 160963346,Glossamia timika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,timika,,,,,"Allen, Hortle & Renyaan, 2000", 160963409,Glossamia trifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,trifasciata,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 160963517,Glossamia wichmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,APOGONIDAE,Glossamia,wichmanni,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 160965496,Craterocephalus fistularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,fistularis,,,,,"Crowley, Ivantsoff & Allen, 1995", 160965632,Craterocephalus nouhuysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,nouhuysi,,,,,"(Weber, 1910)", 160965722,Craterocephalus randi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,randi,,,,,"Nichols & Raven, 1934", 160966327,Sashatherina gigantea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Sashatherina,gigantea,,,,,"Ivantsoff & Allen, 2011", 160966744,Datnioides campbelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DATNIOIDIDAE,Datnioides,campbelli,,,,,"Whitley, 1939", 160967283,Allomogurnda flavimarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,flavimarginata,,,,,"Allen, 2003", 160967481,Allomogurnda hoesei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,hoesei,,,,,"Allen, 2003", 160967569,Allomogurnda insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,insularis,,,,,"Allen, 2003", 160967693,Allomogurnda landfordorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,landfordorum,,,,,"Allen, 2003",This species is often refereed to as Allomogurnda landfordori. 160968330,Allomogurnda montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,montana,,,,,"Allen, 2003", 160968832,Allomogurnda nesolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,nesolepis,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)",Preliminary analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences indicates the species is most likely divisible into several distinct geographic populations that are probably deserving of separate species status (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019). It comprises at least five different colour forms (Hoese and Larson unpublished data). 160968994,Allomogurnda papua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,papua,,,,,"Allen, 2003", 160969061,Allomogurnda sampricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,sampricei,,,,,"Allen, 2003", 160969193,Allomogurnda multicincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Allomogurnda,multicincta,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 2017", 196312,Belobranchus belobranchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Belobranchus,belobranchus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)",Two species have been confused under this species and some literature information may refer to the second species (Belobranchus segura). 160969723,Belobranchus segura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Belobranchus,segura,,,,,"Keith, Hadiaty & Lord, 2012", 160973817,Bostrychus strigogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bostrychus,strigogenys,,,,,"Nichols, 1937", 41755,Physeter macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHYSETERIDAE,Physeter,macrocephalus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Although Physeter catodon is still occasionally used in the literature, P. macrocephalus is recommended (Rice 1989). Both names are listed on the same page of the original description by Linnaeus (1758), and priority is unclear. However, P. macrocephalus is preferable because it is used much more frequently, and this will support nomenclatural stability." 59413,Thorius insperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,insperatus,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 1994", 59389,Isthmura naucampatepetl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Isthmura,naucampatepetl,,,,,"(Parra-Olea, Papenfuss & Wake, 2001)", 56556,Eleutherodactylus dennisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,dennisi,,,,,"(Lynch, 1970)", 161058712,Mogurnda aiwasoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,aiwasoensis,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161058823,Mogurnda arguni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,arguni,,,,,"Allen & Hadiaty, 2014", 161058967,Mogurnda aurifodinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,aurifodinae,,,,,"Whitley, 1938","

Genetic research is required to determine the taxonomic status of the many geographic populations, which are most likely to represent a complex of several species (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019).

" 161059115,Mogurnda cingulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,cingulata,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 1991", 161059247,Mogurnda kaifayama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,kaifayama,,,,,"Allen & Jenkins, 1999", 161059536,Mogurnda kaimana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,kaimana,,,,,"Allen & Hadiaty, 2014", 161059649,Mogurnda kutubuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,kutubuensis,,,,,"Allen & Hoese, 1986", 161059718,Mogurnda maccuneae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,maccuneae,,,,,"Jenkins, Buston & Allen, 2000", 161059939,Mogurnda magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,magna,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161061063,Mogurnda malsmithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,malsmithi,,,,,"Allen & Jebb, 1993", 161061198,Mogurnda mbuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,mbuta,,,,,"Allen & Jenkins, 1999", 161061226,Mogurnda mosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,mosa,,,,,"Jenkins, Buston & Allen, 2000", 161061334,Mogurnda pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,pardalis,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161061473,Mogurnda pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,pulchra,,,,,"Horsthemke & Staeck, 1990", 161061545,Mogurnda wapoga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Mogurnda,wapoga,,,,,"Allen, Jenkins & Renyaan, 1999", 161062238,Oxyeleotris altipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,altipinna,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161062312,Oxyeleotris caeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,caeca,,,,,"Allen, 1996", 161062471,Oxyeleotris herwerdenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,herwerdenii,,,,,"(Weber, 1910)",This species has been confused with others in the genus. 161062811,Oxyeleotris heterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,heterodon,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)",It is unclear if this species is distinct from Oxyeleotris lineolata (Hoese and Larson unpublished data). 161063122,Oxyeleotris colasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,colasi,,,,,"Pouyaud, Kadarusman & Hadiaty, 2013", 161063276,Oxyeleotris paucipora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,paucipora,,,,,"Roberts, 1978","This species may belong to the genus Odonteleotris; work is in progress (D. Hoese, in prep.)." 161063345,Oxyeleotris stagnicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,stagnicola,,,,,"Allen, Hortle & Renyaan, 2000", 161063461,Prionobutis microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Prionobutis,microps,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 161063638,Tateurndina ocellicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Tateurndina,ocellicauda,,,,,"Nichols, 1955", 161064099,Acentrogobius gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,gracilis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1875)",Fricke et al. (2020) list this species in the genus Acentrogobius but it belongs in the genus Amoya (Z. Jaafar in prep). 161064452,Boleophthalmus caeruleomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Boleophthalmus,caeruleomaculatus,,,,,"McCulloch & Waite, 1918", 161064619,Glossogobius bulmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,bulmeri,,,,,"Whitley, 1959",The type material of this species is in poor condition and the use of its name is tentative (Hoese and Larson unpublished data). 161064743,Glossogobius brunnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,brunnoides,,,,,"(Nichols, 1951)", 161064953,Glossogobius clitellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,clitellus,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2012", 161065063,Glossogobius coatesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,coatesi,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1990", 161065257,Glossogobius gnomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,gnomus,,,,,"Hoese, Allen & Hadiaty, 2017", 161065462,Glossogobius koragensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,koragensis,,,,,"Herre, 1935","The taxonomy of this species needs resolving, as it may be more widespread." 161065596,Glossogobius macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,macrocephalus,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2015", 161065972,Glossogobius multipapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,multipapillus,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2015", 161066026,Glossogobius muscorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,muscorum,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2009", 161066125,Glossogobius pumilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,pumilus,,,,,"Hoese, Allen & Hadiaty, 2017","The three populations of this species need taxonomic verification as there is a lot of variation between then (Hoese et al. 2017, D. Hoese pers. comm. 2019). It is also very similar to the Austrian Glossogobius nanus." 161066168,Glossogobius robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,robertsi,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2009", 161067417,Glossogobius sentaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,sentaniensis,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 2015","This may be the same species as Glossogobius koragensis (D. Hoese and H. Larson unpublished data), and more taxonomic research is required." 161067527,Glossogobius torrentis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,torrentis,,,,,"Hoese & Allen, 1990","There are isolated populations that are exhibiting variation in features that may be different species, but more taxonomic work is needed to confirm this (Allen and Hoese 1990)." 161067905,Gymnoamblyopus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gymnoamblyopus,novaeguineae,,,,,"Murdy & Ferraris, 2003", 161068167,Lentipes crittersius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,crittersius,,,,,"Watson & Allen, 1999",The taxonomy of this genus needs to be resolved (P. Keith pers. comm. 2020). Lentipes multiradiatus is considered as a synonym of L. crttersius (H. Larson pers. comm. 2019). 161068298,Lentipes dimetrodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,dimetrodon,,,,,"Watson & Allen, 1999", 161068558,Lentipes watsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,watsoni,,,,,"Allen, 1997", 161068798,Mugilogobius fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,fuscus,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)", 161068903,Mugilogobius rivulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,rivulus,,,,,"Larson, 2001", 161069045,Mugilogobius wilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,wilsoni,,,,,"Larson, 2001", 161069326,Oligolepis jaarmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Oligolepis,jaarmani,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161069594,Pandaka rouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pandaka,rouxi,,,,,"(Weber, 1911)",The genus is presently under review and this species' distribution is uncertain. 161069818,Periophthalmodon freycineti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmodon,freycineti,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)", 161070284,Periophthalmus novaeguineaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,novaeguineaensis,,,,,"Eggert, 1935","It is likely that there is a species complex within Periophthalmus novaeguineaensis. Periophthalmus murdyi Larson and Takita, 2004, is a junior synonym. Type specimens of Eggert's original description (in 1935) include three specimens of P. darwini." 161070702,Pseudogobius melanosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudogobius,melanosticta,,,,,"(Day, 1876)",The specific name melanosticta has been treated as a noun by the original author and as melanostictus by some others. Here we follow the original spelling (melanosticta) as is being used in a revision of the genus (Larson and Hammer in press). 161070884,Sicyopterus calliochromus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,calliochromus,,,,,"Keith, Allen & Lord, 2012", 161071050,Sicyopterus erythropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,erythropterus,,,,,"Keith, Allen & Lord, 2012", 161071148,Sicyopterus lengguru,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,lengguru,,,,,"Keith, Lord & Hadiaty, 2012", 161071297,Sicyopterus ocellaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,ocellaris,,,,,"Keith, Allen & Lord, 2012", 161071381,Sicyopterus stiphodonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,stiphodonoides,,,,,"Keith, Allen & Lord, 2012", 161071454,Stenogobius lachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,lachneri,,,,,"Allen, 1991","Allen (1991) described and illustrated this species, citing it as Stenogobius lachneri Watson, 1990, but Watson did not publish the name until 1994." 161071479,Stenogobius marinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,marinus,,,,,"Watson, 1991",The genus Stenogobius is in need of revision. 161071738,Zappa confluentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Zappa,confluentus,,,,,"(Roberts, 1978)", 161071940,Arrhamphus sclerolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,HEMIRAMPHIDAE,Arrhamphus,sclerolepis,,,,,"Günther, 1866","Two subspecies are recognised (Collette 1974, 2004): Arrhamphus sclerolepis sclerolepis (southern Papua New Guinea and northern Australia) and A. sclerolepis kreftii (south-eastern Australia; south-east Queensland to Sydney, New South Wales)." 161076417,Marilyna meraukensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Marilyna,meraukensis,,,,,"(de Beaufort, 1955)", 161076509,Neosilurus equinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,equinus,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161076602,Neosilurus gjellerupi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,gjellerupi,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161076653,Neosilurus idenburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,idenburgi,,,,,"(Nichols, 1940)", 161076718,Neosilurus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Neosilurus,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 161076817,Oloplotosus luteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Oloplotosus,luteus,,,,,"Gomon & Roberts, 1978", 161076855,Oloplotosus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Oloplotosus,mariae,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 161076901,Plotosus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Plotosus,papuensis,,,,,"Weber, 1910", 161076991,Porochilus meraukensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PLOTOSIDAE,Porochilus,meraukensis,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161077227,Kiunga bleheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Kiunga,bleheri,,,,,"Allen, 2004", 161077247,Pseudomugil inconspicuus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,inconspicuus,,,,,"Roberts, 1978", 161077334,Pseudomugil ivantsoffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,ivantsoffi,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1999", 161077353,Pseudomugil luminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,luminatus,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016", 161077381,Pseudomugil novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,novaeguineae,,,,,"Weber, 1907", 161077447,Pseudomugil paludicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,paludicola,,,,,"Allen & Moore, 1981",Preliminary genetic investigations by P. Unmack and G.R. Allen indicate that this species contains several distinct populations that may warrant separate species status (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019). 161077487,Pseudomugil reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,reticulatus,,,,,"Allen & Ivantsoff, 1986", 161077712,Selenotoca multifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCATOPHAGIDAE,Selenotoca,multifasciata,,,,,"(Richardson, 1846)", 161077896,Kalyptatherina helodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,TELMATHERINIDAE,Kalyptatherina,helodes,,,,,"(Ivantsoff & Allen, 1984)", 161078069,Amniataba affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Amniataba,affinis,,,,,"(Mees & Kailola, 1977)", 161078229,Hephaestus habbemai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,habbemai,,,,,"(Weber, 1910)", 161078265,Hephaestus komaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,komaensis,,,,,"Allen & Jebb, 1993", 161078383,Hephaestus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,lineatus,,,,,"Allen, 1984", 161078518,Hephaestus raymondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,raymondi,,,,,"(Mees & Kailola, 1977)", 161078800,Hephaestus roemeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,roemeri,,,,,"(Weber, 1910)", 161078852,Hephaestus transmontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Hephaestus,transmontanus,,,,,"(Mees & Kailola, 1977)", 161079214,Pelangia mbutaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Pelangia,mbutaensis,,,,,"Allen, 1998", 161079348,Chilatherina campsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,campsi,,,,,"(Whitley, 1957)", 161079519,Chilatherina crassispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,crassispinosa,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161079834,Chilatherina fasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,fasciata,,,,,"(Weber, 1913)", 161080164,Chilatherina lorentzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,lorentzii,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 161080305,Chilatherina pagwiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,pagwiensis,,,,,"Allen & Unmack, 2012", 161080365,Chilatherina pricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Chilatherina,pricei,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161080437,Glossolepis dorityi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,dorityi,,,,,"Allen, 2001", 161080469,Glossolepis kabia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,kabia,,,,,"(Herre, 1935)", 161080708,Glossolepis leggetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Glossolepis,leggetti,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1998", 161080953,Melanotaenia affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,affinis,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)","Melanotaenia affinis no doubt consists of a multi-species complex, and is in need of further research, especially with the aid of genetic analysis (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019)." 161081159,Melanotaenia albimarginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,albimarginata,,,,,"Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015", 161081280,Melanotaenia ammeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,ammeri,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2008", 161081517,Melanotaenia goldiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,goldiei,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)","This species was formerly thought to be widely distributed across southern New Guinea, but genetic evidence indicates a much narrower range with most populations to the west of the Port Moresby region representing separate species (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019)." 161081685,Melanotaenia archboldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,archboldi,,,,,"(Nichols & Raven, 1934)",This species is considered a synonym of Melanotaenia goldiei by Catalog of Fishes (2019) but will be resurrected based on re-examination of specimens (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019). 161081935,Melanotaenia novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)","Eschmeyer et al. (2019) considers this species to be a synonym of Melanotaenia goldiei. However, it is going to be reserructed (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019)." 161082638,Melanotaenia arguni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,arguni,,,,,"Kadarusman, Hadiaty & Pouyaud, 2012", 161082759,Melanotaenia aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,aruensis,,,,,"Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015", 161082871,Melanotaenia batanta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,batanta,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1998", 161082932,Melanotaenia bowmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,bowmani,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016", 161083080,Melanotaenia caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,caerulea,,,,,"Allen, 1996", 161096365,Melanotaenia dumasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,dumasi,,,,,"Weber, 1907", 161096432,Melanotaenia ericrobertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,ericrobertsi,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2014", 161096588,Melanotaenia etnaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,etnaensis,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016", 161096754,Melanotaenia fasinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,fasinensis,,,,,"Kadarusman, Sudarto, Paradis & Pouyaud, 2010", 161096870,Melanotaenia flavipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,flavipinnis,,,,,"Allen, Hadiaty & Unmack, 2014", 161097003,Melanotaenia fredericki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,fredericki,,,,,"(Fowler, 1939)", 161097234,Melanotaenia grunwaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,grunwaldi,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016", 161098535,Melanotaenia irianjaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,irianjaya,,,,,"Allen, 1985", 161098633,Melanotaenia japenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,japenensis,,,,,"Allen & Cross, 1980", 161098680,Melanotaenia kamaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,kamaka,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161098833,Melanotaenia klasioensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,klasioensis,,,,,"Kadarusman, Hadiaty & Pouyaud, 2015", 161098872,Melanotaenia kokasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,kokasensis,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2008", 161098925,Melanotaenia kolaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,kolaensis,,,,,"Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015", 161099045,Melanotaenia lacunosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,lacunosa,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016", 161099125,Melanotaenia lakamora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,lakamora,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161099162,Melanotaenia laticlavia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,laticlavia,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2014", 161100016,Melanotaenia longispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,longispina,,,,,"Kadarusman, Avarre & Pouyaud, 2015", 161100233,Melanotaenia mairasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,mairasi,,,,,"Allen & Hadiaty, 2011", 161100311,Melanotaenia mamahensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,mamahensis,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016", 161100359,Melanotaenia manibuii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,manibuii,,,,,"Kadarusman, Slembrouck & Pouyaud, 2015", 161109572,Melanotaenia mubiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,mubiensis,,,,,"Allen, 1996", 161109755,Melanotaenia multiradiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,multiradiata,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2014", 161109855,Melanotaenia naramasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,naramasae,,,,,"Kadarusman, Nugraha & Pouyaud, 2015", 161109944,Melanotaenia parkinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,parkinsoni,,,,,"Allen, 1980", 161109984,Melanotaenia patoti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,patoti,,,,,"(Weber, 1907)", 161110162,Melanotaenia picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,picta,,,,,"Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015", 161110340,Melanotaenia pierucciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,pierucciae,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1996", 161110387,Melanotaenia rubripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,rubripinnis,,,,,"Allen & Renyaan, 1998", 161110458,Melanotaenia rubrivittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,rubrivittata,,,,,"Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2015", 161110591,Melanotaenia rumberponensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,rumberponensis,,,,,"Kadarusman, Ogistira & Pouyaud, 2015", 161110694,Melanotaenia salawati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,salawati,,,,,"Kadarusman, Sudarto, Slembrouck & Pouyaud, 2011", 161110853,Melanotaenia sembrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sembrae,,,,,"Kadarusman, Carman & Pouyaud, 2015", 161110940,Melanotaenia senckenbergiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,senckenbergiana,,,,,"(Weber, 1911)", 161111103,Melanotaenia sikuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sikuensis,,,,,"Kadarusman, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2015", 161111171,Melanotaenia sneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sneideri,,,,,"Allen & Hadiaty, 2013", 161111219,Melanotaenia susii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,susii,,,,,"Kadarusman, Hubert & Pouyaud, 2015", 161111293,Melanotaenia sylvatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sylvatica,,,,,"Allen, 1997", 161111408,Melanotaenia synergos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,synergos,,,,,"Allen & Unmack, 2008", 161111566,Melanotaenia rubrostriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,rubrostriata,,,,,"(Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)","It is likely this widely distributed species is actually composed of several genetically distinct populations that warrant separate species recognition. This species is closely related to Melanotaenia splendida of northern Australia, but recent DNA evidence indicates the two populations are distinct. The New Guinea fish tends to reach a larger size and is generally deeper bodied than its Australian relative (G.R. Allen pers. comm. 2019)." 161111673,Melanotaenia urisa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,urisa,,,,,"Kadarusman, Setiawibawa & Pouyaud, 2012", 161111751,Melanotaenia veoliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,veoliae,,,,,"Kadarusman, Caruso & Pouyaud, 2012", 161111803,Melanotaenia wanoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,wanoma,,,,,"Kadarusman, Segura & Pouyaud, 2012", 161111876,Melanotaenia wokamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,wokamensis,,,,,"Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015", 161118406,Oxyeleotris mertoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,mertoni,,,,,"(Weber, 1911)", 59368,Pseudoeurycea anitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,anitae,,,,,"Bogert, 1967",The taxonomic validity of this species is not clear (G. Parra-Olea and D. Wake pers. comm.). 56809,Craugastor omiltemanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,omiltemanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1900)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 59066,Ambystoma ordinarium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,ordinarium,,,,,"Taylor, 1940","Based on allozymes and mtDNA, this is one of the most distinct species of Mexican ambystomatids. It was previously thought to be a species complex, however, this was resolved by Weisrock et al. (2006) and this is not the case." 161164535,Trachylepis albopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,albopunctata,,,,,"(Bocage, 1867)","Weinell and Bauer (2018) examined morphological and genetic variation within the Trachylepis varia complex and identified eight major clades across the species' range. These authors' focus was on resolving the taxonomy of southern African members of this group, from which they revalidated Trachylepis laevigata and T. damarana. A clade recognized from most of Angola, Zambia and the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is likely to correspond to one of two recognized species, either T. albopunctata or T. angolensis (Weinell and Bauer 2018). Weinell et al. (2019) follow Marques et al. (2018) in using the name T. albopunctata for most of the Angolan and Zambian populations of what were usually called T. varia." 4227,Allochrocebus preussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Allochrocebus,preussi,,,,,"(Matschie, 1898)","This species was treated in previous Red List assessments (1988 to 30 June 2008) under the genus Cercopithecus, but is now placed under Allochrocebus following Butynski (2013). Along with A. solatus and A. lhoesti, it forms part of the Allochrocebus preussi geospecies (Grubb 2006). There are two subspecies, C. preussi preussi and C. p. insularis, following Grubb et al. (2003) and Groves (2005)." 82410205,Eleutherodactylus ligiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,ligiae,,,,,"Incháustegui, Díaz & Marte, 2015", 12416,Lutjanus analis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Lutjanus,analis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1828)", 161247840,Piliocolobus badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,badius,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994; Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Rahm (1970) placed all the 14 red colobus that he recognised as subspecies of Colobus badius. Napier (1985) did likewise except for Colobus kirkii, considered as a distinct species. Groves (2007) treated most of the geographically separated populations of red colobus monkeys (variously regarded by different authors as subspecies or species) as distinct species, but he made an exception for the forms badius and temminckii in West Africa, treating them as subspecies of Piliocolobus badius on the grounds that they show a gradual transition in pelage colour from north to south. Oates (2011) followed Groves’s treatment in this case. While Groves and Ting (2013) treated P. badius and P. temminckii as separate species, here we follow Groves (2007) and Oates (2011) in regarding badius and temminckii as subspecies of P. badius.

" 161263941,Coeliades libeon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Coeliades,libeon,,,,,"Druce, 1875", 161264000,Coeliades pisistratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Coeliades,pisistratus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 161264054,Borbo fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,fallax,,,,,"(Gaede, 1916)", 161264136,Borbo gemella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,gemella,,,,,"(Mabille, 1884)", 161264189,Larsenia holtzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Larsenia,holtzi,,,,,"(Plötz, 1883)","The genus Borbo was split into three lineages by Fan et al. (2016); Borbo, Pseudoborbo and Larsenia. Borbo holtzi falls into the final of these three lineages." 161264257,Coeliades keithloa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Coeliades,keithloa,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)","Coeliades keithloa currently has no recognized subspecies as all of the taxa formerly accorded this rank have been raised to distinct species (Henning et al. 1997, Chiba 2009, Cock 2010)." 161264312,Fresna nyassae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Fresna,nyassae,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1878)", 161264365,Borbo micans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,micans,,,,,"(Holland, 1896)", 161264418,Borbo lugens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,lugens,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 161264472,Borbo detecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,detecta,,,,,"(Trimen, 1893)", 161264526,Acada biseriata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Acada,biseriata,,,,,"(Mabille, 1893)", 161275784,Actizera stellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Actizera,stellata,,,,,"(Trimen, 1883)", 161275925,Metisella willemi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Metisella,willemi,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161275979,Aloeides aranda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,aranda,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161276174,Kedestes mohozutza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,mohozutza,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161276228,Anthene talboti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,talboti,,,,,"Stempffer, 1936", 161276400,Actizera lucida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Actizera,lucida,,,,,"(Trimen, 1883)", 161276619,Parnara monasi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Parnara,monasi,,,,,"(Trimen, 1889)", 161277250,Spialia secessus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,secessus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1891)", 161277302,Spialia paula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,paula,,,,,"(Higgins, 1924)", 161277413,Netrobalane canopus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Netrobalane,canopus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 161277467,Eretis djaelaelae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Eretis,djaelaelae,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161277822,Zenonia zeno,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Zenonia,zeno,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 161278121,Kedestes callicles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,callicles,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1868)", 161278176,Gegenes hottentota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Gegenes,hottentota,,,,,"(Latreille, 1824)","The genus Gegenes is currently being investigated by Larsen (in prep.), and Williams (2019) places this species in Afrogegenes." 161278284,Platylesches moritili,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,moritili,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161278339,Platylesches tina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,tina,,,,,"Evans, 1937",There is some uncertainty as to whether Platylesches tina found in South Africa is the same species as that found further north in Africa (S. Collins pers. comm.) 161278492,Sarangesa phidyle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Sarangesa,phidyle,,,,,"(Walker, 1870)", 161278745,Spialia spio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,spio,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 161279254,Anthene larydas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,larydas,,,,,"(Cramer, 1780)",The genus was recently revised by Libert (2010). 161279365,Sarangesa motozi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Sarangesa,motozi,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161279430,Zophopetes dysmephila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Zophopetes,dysmephila,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161280117,Abantis tettensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Abantis,tettensis,,,,,"Hopffer, 1855", 161280170,Platylesches galesa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,galesa,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1877)", 161280370,Sarangesa ruona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Sarangesa,ruona,,,,,"Evans, 1937", 161280424,Spialia delagoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,delagoae,,,,,"(Trimen, 1898)", 161280530,Anthene millari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,millari,,,,,"(Trimen, 1893)", 161280588,Pelopidas mathias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pelopidas,mathias,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 161280641,Abantis paradisea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Abantis,paradisea,,,,,"(Butler, 1870)", 161280699,Platylesches picanini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,picanini,,,,,"(Holland, 1894)", 161280952,Tagiades flesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Tagiades,flesus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1781)", 161281063,Platylesches neba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,neba,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1877)", 161281121,Spialia dromus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,dromus,,,,,"(Plötz, 1884)", 161281363,Caprona pillaana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Caprona,pillaana,,,,,"Wallengren, 1857", 891,Aloeides pringlei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,pringlei,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1976", 161281869,Leucochitonea levubu,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Leucochitonea,levubu,,,,,"Wallengren, 1857", 161281924,Anthene princeps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,princeps,,,,,"(Butler, 1876)","Anthene princeps subsp. smithi (Mabille, 1877) was raised to species level by Libert (2010); A. princeps thus does not contain any subspecies." 161282043,Abantis venosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Abantis,venosa,,,,,"Trimen, 1889", 174246,Pelopidas thrax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pelopidas,thrax,,,,,"(Hübner, 1821)","Pelopidas thrax ssp. inconspicua (Bertoloni, 1850) was synonymized with P. thrax (Hübner, [1821]) by Larsen (2005)." 161303416,Monochirus trichodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Monochirus,trichodactylus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

This is a poorly known nominal species, described by Linnaeus (1758) from an unreported number of specimens taken at Ambon Island, Indonesia. No type specimens are known to exist. Additional reports of this nominal species are limited. In an overview of the Soleidae, Kaup (1858) determined that the diagnosis of this nominal species by Linnaeus (1758) was correct, but did not indicate whether additional specimens had been examined. Kaup (1858) transferred this nominal species to the genus Solea. Günther (1862) provided a brief synonymy and some information in a brief description of this nominal species, but again did not indicate whether further specimens were available or if his account was based only on the specimens reported in Linnaeus. Günther (1862) indicated that the typical specimens were 30 lines long (~6.3 cm). Weber and de Beaufort (1929) included this nominal species among those listed as doubtful species from the Indo-Australian Archipelago.


Several studies have reported this species from China. Jouan (1867) purportedly examined at least one specimen of this nominal species from Hong Kong. However, Wu (1932) determined that the identification of this species in Jouan (1867) was uncertain. Li and Wang (1995) further remarked that no specimen or description were supplied by Jouan (1867) and noted Wu’s (1932) report of the uncertainty of this record. Li and Wang (1995) provide a synonymy, counts from the original description, and a discussion of the historical literature for this nominal species. They provided no new information regarding specimens from Chinese waters. Their account of this nominal species primarily is a discussion of the historical literature on this nominal species, but no new information was presented to resolve the question regarding the validity of this nominal species. 


Although it is currently regarded as a valid species in the Catalog of Fishes, the limited available evidence raises doubts concerning the validity of this species. Research is needed to determine whether this nominal species is valid. For purposes of this assessment, only the information from the specimen(s) examined by Linneaus is considered. 

" 161303437,Aseraggodes crypticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,crypticus,,,,,"Randall & Allen, 2007", 161303579,Lestrolepis pofi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestrolepis,pofi,,,,,"(Harry, 1953)",This species was previously placed under the junior synonym of Lestrolepis luetkeni (Ho and Golani 2019). 161303645,Lestrolepis luxiocula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,AULOPIFORMES,PARALEPIDIDAE,Lestrolepis,luxiocula,,,,,"Ho & Golani, 2019", 41878,Stegostoma tigrinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,STEGOSTOMIDAE,Stegostoma,tigrinum,,,,,"Forster, 1781","The nomenclatural history of the species is somewhat complicated. The name Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann, 1783) has been the standard name used, however Dahl et al. (2019) concluded that the original name Stegostoma tigrinum Forster, 1781 is the correct senior synonym." 161108,Acraea axina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,axina,,,,,"Westwood, 1881 ", 160057,Charaxes candiope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,candiope,,,,,"(Godart, 1824)","This species has two subspecies. The nominate subspecies Charaxes candiope ssp. candiope is found on mainland Africa, while the subspecies C. c. ssp. velox is limited to the island of Socotra. The latter has been treated as a separate species by some, and it is likely that future reassessments of the species will need to assess the two concepts separately." 159896,Acraea barberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,barberi,,,,,"Trimen, 1881 ", 161316928,Acraea lygus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,lygus,,,,,"Druce, 1875", 161316980,Acraea machequena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,machequena,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1887", 161317097,Acraea anemosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,anemosa,,,,,"Hewitson, 1865", 161317151,Charaxes wakefieldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,wakefieldi,,,,,"(Ward, 1873)","The genus Euxanthe Hübner, in which this species was previously placed, was recently synonymized with Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Aduse-Poku et al. 2009)." 161317311,Sevenia natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Sevenia,natalensis,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)", 161317364,Sevenia morantii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Sevenia,morantii,,,,,"(Trimen, 1881)", 161317418,Baliochila lipara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Baliochila,lipara,,,,,"Stempffer & Bennett, 1953", 161317749,Zizula hylax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Zizula,hylax,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 161318160,Leptotes jeanneli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptotes,jeanneli,,,,,"(Stempffer, 1935)","It can only be distinguished from its congeners Leptotes babaulti, L. brevidentatus and L. pirithous by examination of the genitalia." 11555,Lepidochrysops wykehami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,wykehami,,,,,"Tite, 1964", 11541,Lepidochrysops titei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,titei,,,,,"Dickson, 1976", 161299,Tuxentius calice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tuxentius,calice,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)","The two recognized subspecies, Tuxentius calice ssp. calice Hopffer, 1855 (Type locality: Mozambique: Querimba) and Tuxentius calice ssp. gregorii Butler, 1894 (Type locality: Kenya: Bondoni and Kapte Plains), are probably distinct species (Larsen 1991)." 161319118,Leptotes brevidentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptotes,brevidentatus,,,,,"(Tite, 1958)","It can only be distinguished from its congeners Leptotes babaulti, L. jeanneli and L. pirithous by examination of the genitalia." 160524,Leptomyrina lara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptomyrina,lara,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 161319933,Lepidochrysops trimeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,trimeni,,,,,"(Bethune-Baker, 1923)", 161320120,Leptomyrina hirundo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptomyrina,hirundo,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161320179,Leptotes babaulti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptotes,babaulti,,,,,"(Stempffer, 1935)","Can only be distinguished from its congeners Leptotes brevidentatus, L. jeanneli and L. pirithous by examination of the genitalia." 161321095,Lachnocnema bibulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lachnocnema,bibulus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 161321149,Lachnocnema durbani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lachnocnema,durbani,,,,,"Trimen, 1887", 161321222,Lachnocnema laches,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lachnocnema,laches,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 161322200,Cnodontes penningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cnodontes,penningtoni,,,,,"Bennett, 1954", 161322252,Durbania limbata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Durbania,limbata,,,,,"Trimen, 1887", 161322367,Byblia ilithyia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Byblia,ilithyia,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 161322420,Sevenia rosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Sevenia,rosa,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1877)", 161322478,Charaxes bohemani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,bohemani,,,,,"Felder, C. & Felder, R., 1859", 161322531,Charaxes phaeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,phaeus,,,,,"Hewitson, 1877", 161322646,Charaxes zoolina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,zoolina,,,,,"(Westwood, [1850])", 161322699,Tirumala petiverana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tirumala,petiverana,,,,,"(Doubleday, [1847])", 161322759,Acraea aglaonice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,aglaonice,,,,,"Westwood, 1881", 161322853,Acraea horta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,horta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 8410,Euryphura achlys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euryphura,achlys,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 160008,Graphium antheus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,antheus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1779) ", 161047,Colotis ione,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,ione,,,,,"(Godart, 1819)",As many as 27 subspecies have been described for this species. 161326276,Pardopsis punctatissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pardopsis,punctatissima,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)", 161326410,Telchinia igola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,igola,,,,,"(Trimen, 1889)", 161326627,Acraea petraea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,petraea,,,,,"Boisduval, 1847", 174379,Vanessa cardui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Vanessa,cardui,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 161326781,Dixeia pigea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Dixeia,pigea,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 161326886,Mylothris trimenia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,trimenia,,,,,"(Butler, 1869)", 161327134,Pseudonympha varii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,varii,,,,,"van Son, 1955","The P. varii species complex appears to be a group of isolated populations with distinctive characteristics which may be in the process of speciating. The possibility exists that there are more taxa than the two named species - P. varii van Son, 1955 and P. swanepoeli van Son, 1955 (Curle, A.I. & Curle, N.I. 1995). Some of these populations show similarities to P. swanepoeli van Son, 1955, and taxonomic work to resolve the situation is needed." 161327191,Pseudonympha poetula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,poetula,,,,,"Trimen, 1891", 161327653,Bicyclus ena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,ena,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1877)", 161327876,Melanitis leda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Melanitis,leda,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 161327982,Acraea violarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,violarum,,,,,"Boisduval, 1847", 161328043,Telchinia cabira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,cabira,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 161328097,Telchinia esebria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,esebria,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1861)", 161328161,Lachnoptera ayresii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Lachnoptera,ayresii,,,,,"Trimen, 1879", 161328219,Hamanumida daedalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hamanumida,daedalus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 161328271,Neptis goochii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,goochii,,,,,"Trimen, 1879", 161328324,Neptis laeta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,laeta,,,,,"Overlaet, 1955", 161328855,Dira jansei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dira,jansei,,,,,"(Swierstra, 1909)", 161328962,Physcaeneura panda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Physcaeneura,panda,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)", 161329125,Pseudonympha magoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,magoides,,,,,"van Son, 1955", 161329804,Ypthima granulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ypthima,granulosa,,,,,"Butler, 1883", 161329858,Colotis doubledayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,doubledayi,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1862)", 161329963,Dixeia spilleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Dixeia,spilleri,,,,,"(Spiller, 1884)", 161330017,Acraea oncaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,oncaea,,,,,"Hopffer, 1855", 161330069,Acraea natalica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,natalica,,,,,"Boisduval, 1847", 161330300,Neita extensa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neita,extensa,,,,,"(Butler, 1898)", 161330352,Acraea trimeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,trimeni,,,,,"Aurivillius, 1899", 161330404,Protogoniomorpha parhassus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Protogoniomorpha,parhassus,,,,,"(Drury, 1782)", 122058707,Graphium morania,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,morania,,,,,"(Angas, 1849)", 161330568,Afrodryas leda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Afrodryas,leda,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)","Previously placed in Eronia Hübner, [1823]; Afrodryas Stoneham, 1957 was re-instated as a valid genus by Nazari et al. (2011)." 161330743,Colotis pallene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,pallene,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 161330943,Precis antilope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Precis,antilope,,,,,"(Feisthamel, 1850)", 161330995,Acraea stenobea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,stenobea,,,,,"Wallengren, 1860", 161331047,Telchinia alalonga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,alalonga,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1996", 161331099,Telchinia serena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,serena,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 161331151,Telchinia burni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,burni,,,,,"(Butler, 1896)", 161331204,Neita neita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neita,neita,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1875)", 161331256,Colotis regina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,regina,,,,,"(Trimen, 1863)", 62148529,Belenois aurota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,aurota,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 62148588,Hypolimnas misippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hypolimnas,misippus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 161331460,Eronia cleodora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Eronia,cleodora,,,,,"Hübner, [1823]", 121978812,Graphium colonna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,colonna,,,,,"(Ward, 1873)", 160324,Paternympha narycia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Paternympha,narycia,,,,,"Wallengren, 1857 ", 161331611,Neptis jordani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,jordani,,,,,"Neave, 1910", 174213,Catopsilia florella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Catopsilia,florella,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 161331979,Telchinia anacreon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,anacreon,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161332332,Acraea satis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,satis,,,,,"Ward, 1871", 161334052,Haliotis papulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,HALIOTIDAE,Haliotis,papulata,,,,,"Reeve, 1846","This small species (to 27 mm) was recently described as Haliotis thailandis Dekker and Patamakanthin 2001. However, Owen et al. (2019) determined that it had been incorrectly described, and it was a synonym of Haliotis papulata Reeve 1846, which in turn was not, as previously described, a synonym of Haliotis varia Linnaeus 1758." 161335676,Cigaritis namaquus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cigaritis,namaquus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1874)", 161335848,Euchrysops subpallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Euchrysops,subpallida,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1923", 161335913,Axiocerses coalescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Axiocerses,coalescens,,,,,"Henning S.F. & Henning G.A., 1996", 160492,Cacyreus virilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cacyreus,virilis,,,,,"Stempffer, 1936","Cacyreus virilis has no recent synonyms or recognised subspecies. It is difficult to separate from C. lingeus." 161336631,Cigaritis ella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cigaritis,ella,,,,,"(Hewitson, [1865])", 161337111,Deudorix dariaves,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deudorix,dariaves,,,,,"Hewitson, 1877", 174361,Freyeria trochylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Freyeria,trochylus,,,,,"(Freyer, 1845)","We follow e.g. LepIndex, Wiemers et al. (2018), Beccaloni et al. (2021) in placing this species in the genus Freyeria, but in Williams (2020) it is retained in genus Chilades." 161337590,Aphnaeus hutchinsonii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aphnaeus,hutchinsonii,,,,,"Trimen, 1887", 161337698,Azanus moriqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Azanus,moriqua,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161337752,Azanus natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Azanus,natalensis,,,,,"(Trimen & Bowker, 1887)", 161337805,Cacyreus lingeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cacyreus,lingeus,,,,,"(Stoll, [1782])", 161337861,Capys disjunctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Capys,disjunctus,,,,,"Trimen, 1895", 161338217,Deudorix antalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deudorix,antalus,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 161338273,Deudorix dinochares,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deudorix,dinochares,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1887", 161338328,Deudorix vansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deudorix,vansoni,,,,,"Pennington, 1948","Libert (2004) synonymized Deudorix penningtoni van Son, 1949 with D. vansoni Pennington, 1948." 161338380,Eicochrysops hippocrates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Eicochrysops,hippocrates,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 161338435,Euchrysops barkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Euchrysops,barkeri,,,,,"(Trimen, 1893)", 161338921,Iolaus trimeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,trimeni,,,,,"Wallengren, 1875", 174346,Azanus ubaldus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Azanus,ubaldus,,,,,"(Stoll in Cramer, 1782)", 161339956,Cigaritis phanes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cigaritis,phanes,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 10842,Iolaus aphnaeoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,aphnaeoides,,,,,"Trimen, 1873", 161340163,Euchrysops malathana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Euchrysops,malathana,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)", 161340220,Cigaritis natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cigaritis,natalensis,,,,,"(Westwood, 1851)", 161340276,Cigaritis mozambica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cigaritis,mozambica,,,,,"(Bertolini, 1850)", 161340625,Azanus mirza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Azanus,mirza,,,,,"(Plötz, 1880)", 161340833,Deudorix diocles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deudorix,diocles,,,,,"Hewitson, 1869", 160605,Iolaus pallene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,pallene,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857) ", 62148820,Azanus jesous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Azanus,jesous,,,,,"(Guérin-Ménéville, 1849)", 161341224,Lepidochrysops patricia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,patricia,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 174427,Lampides boeticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lampides,boeticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 161341445,Crudaria leroma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Crudaria,leroma,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)",The genus is in need of a taxonomic review. 161341503,Lepidochrysops glauca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,glauca,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)","Pinhey, cited by Pringle et al. (1994), regarded Lepidochrysops glauca var. swinburnei Stevenson, 1939 as only a form of glauca (Trimen). It is not clear, however, whether Pinhey formally synonymized swinburnei with glauca. It has been stated that glauca and swinburnei are sympatric and synchronal, and this precludes the latter being a subspecies of glauca (Williams 2010). D'Abrera (2009) suggests that swinburnei is a synonym of glauca but makes no formal taxonomic change." 174289,Cacyreus marshalli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cacyreus,marshalli,,,,,"Butler, 1898", 161342092,Iolaus sidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,sidus,,,,,"Trimen, 1864", 180706,Mugilogobius chulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,chulae,,,,,"(Smith, 1932)", 183928,Xystreurys liolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Xystreurys,liolepis,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1880", 82410208,Eleutherodactylus neiba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,neiba,,,,,"Incháustegui, Díaz & Marte, 2015", 161684678,Apostolepis thalesdelemai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,thalesdelemai,,,,,"Borges-Nojosa, Lima, Bezerra & James, 2016","

Exemplares deste táxon vinham sendo identificados como outras espécies (Apostolepis pymi, Apostolepis gr. nigrolineata ou Apostolepis sp.) (Costa e Bérnils 2018).

" 22703477,Merulaxis stresemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Merulaxis,stresemanni,,,,,"Sick, 1960", 22724407,Myrmotherula snowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmotherula,snowi,,,,,"Teixeira & Gonzaga, 1985", 87948071,Ochotona coreana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,OCHOTONIDAE,Ochotona,coreana,,,,,"Allen et Andrews, 1913","This species is within the subgenus Pika. There are no subspecies identified. Initially, Ochotona coreana was described as an independent species, after which it was included as a subspecies of O. hyperborea. Now, based on new molecular evidence and its geographic isolation, it is once again treated as an independent species, and is most closely related to O. hyperborea (Lissovsky et al. 2008, Lissovsky 2014)." 41279,Lepus coreanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Lepus,coreanus,,,,,"Thomas, 1892","There are no recognized subspecies (Hoffmann and Smith 2005). There has been past uncertainty regarding the taxonomic status of Lepus coreanus with regard to other Lepus species in the region (Flux and Angermann 1990, Koh et al. 2001). It has previously been included in the Chinese Hare (L. sinensis), Japanese Hare (L. brachyurus), and the mountain Hare (L. timidus) (Hoffmann and Smith 2005, Wu et al. 2005). A study of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing has shown that L. coreanus is indeed a valid species (Koh et al. 2001), and that it is most closely related to the Manchurian Hare (L. mandshuricus)." 22699516,Phylloscartes ceciliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,ceciliae,,,,,"Teixeira, 1987", 161792326,Gomphidia kruegeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,kruegeri,,,,,"(Martin, 1904)","Gomphidia krueger was described by Martin (1904) from ‘Tonkin’, north Viet Nam. Chao (1955) established the subspecies G. krueger fukienensis from Fujian. Zhang (2019) stated that apart from the colour pattern differences the posterior hamulus and female vulvar laminar are structurally different and raised the taxon to species status." 169368,Cynodonichthys wassmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,wassmanni,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1999)", 169384,Cynodonichthys kuelpmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,kuelpmanni,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1993)", 18243419,Parachromis managuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parachromis,managuensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 53875516,Cynodonichthys birkhahni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,birkhahni,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1992)", 53875622,Cynodonichthys brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,brunneus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 53875631,Cynodonichthys chucunaque,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,chucunaque,,,,,"(Breder, 1925)", 53875718,Cynodonichthys frommi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,frommi,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1993)", 53875783,Cynodonichthys fuscolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,fuscolineatus,,,,,"(Bussing, 1980)", 53875841,Cynodonichthys glaucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,glaucus,,,,,"(Bussing, 1980)", 53875943,Cynodonichthys hildebrandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,hildebrandi,,,,,"(Myers, 1927)", 53875958,Cynodonichthys isthmensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,isthmensis,,,,,"(Garman, 1895)", 53875974,Cynodonichthys monikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,monikae,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1995)", 53875988,Cynodonichthys montium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,montium,,,,,"(Hildebrand, 1938)", 53876023,Cynodonichthys rubripunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,rubripunctatus,,,,,"(Bussing, 1980)", 53876095,Cynodonichthys siegfriedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,siegfriedi,,,,,"(Bussing, 1980)", 53876177,Cynodonichthys uroflammeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,uroflammeus,,,,,"(Bussing, 1980)", 53876218,Cynodonichthys villwocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,villwocki,,,,,"(Berkenkamp & Etzel, 1997)", 53876256,Cynodonichthys weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynodonichthys,weberi,,,,,"(Huber, 1992)", 161823981,Parachromis motaguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Parachromis,motaguensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 161824030,Rocio spinosissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rocio,spinosissima,,,,,"(Vaillant & Pellegrin, 1902)", 161824071,Talamancaheros sieboldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Talamancaheros,sieboldii,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)","

Talamancaheros underwoodi was recently validated based on differences in morphology and breeding coloration, effectively limiting the range of Talamancaheros sieboldii under its new species concept to subpopulations in western Panama (Říčan et al. 2016). Subsequent changes to this species concept may warrant reassessment.

" 161824127,Tomocichla asfraci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tomocichla,asfraci,,,,,"Allgayer, 2002", 161824150,Tomocichla tuba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tomocichla,tuba,,,,,"(Meek, 1912)", 161824266,Alfaro cultratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Alfaro,cultratus,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 161824278,Alfaro huberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Alfaro,huberi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1923)", 183389,Achirus klunzingeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,ACHIRIDAE,Achirus,klunzingeri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)", 42397,Capra ibex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,ibex,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 178064,Centropomus nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,nigrescens,,,,,"Günther, 1864", 183942,Aseraggodes herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Aseraggodes,herrei,,,,,Seale 1940, 162154636,Squalus hawaiiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,hawaiiensis,,,,,"Daly-Engel, Koch, Anderson, Cotton & Grubbs, 2018",This recently described species was previously identified as Squalus cf. mitsukurii (Daly-Engel et al. 2018). 162159966,Oryzias luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,luzonensis,,,,,"(Herre & Ablan, 1934)", 162160049,Clupea manulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Clupea,manulensis,,,,,"Marion de Procé, 1822", 162160233,Bostrychus albooculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bostrychus,albooculata,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 162160312,Hypseleotris everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,everetti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)",This species is regarded as species inquirenda in Hypseleotris (Kottelat 2013) 162160332,Hypseleotris pangel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hypseleotris,pangel,,,,,"Herre, 1927","The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain. This is placed under species inquirendae in Hypseleotris (Kottelat 2013). It is possibly a synonym of Hypseleotris cyprinoides (Valenciennes, 1837) according to Thacker and Unmack (2005)." 162160400,Caecogobius cryptophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caecogobius,cryptophthalmus,,,,,"Berti & Ercolini, 1991", 162160431,Exyrias volcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Exyrias,volcanus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)",Genus placement under Exyrias is uncertain but possibly correct (Larson and Buckle 2012). This species is also considered species inquirenda in Exyrias by Kottelat (2013). Morphological examination is needed to ascertain the genus of this species. 162160460,Glossogobius obscuripinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Glossogobius,obscuripinnis,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 162160534,Gobiopterus lacustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopterus,lacustris,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 162160563,Lentipes mindanaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Lentipes,mindanaoensis,,,,,"Chen, 2004", 162160581,Mugilogobius cagayanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mugilogobius,cagayanensis,,,,,"(Aurich, 1938)", 162160686,Pandaka trimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pandaka,trimaculata,,,,,"Akihito & Meguro, 1975", 162160716,Periophthalmus malaccensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Periophthalmus,malaccensis,,,,,"Eggert, 1935", 162160863,Rhinogobius bucculentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,bucculentus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 162160909,Rhinogobius carpenteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,carpenteri,,,,,"Seale, 1910", 162160938,Silhouettea flavoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Silhouettea,flavoventris,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 162160960,Rhinogobius philippinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Rhinogobius,philippinus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 162160989,Schismatogobius ampluvinculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,ampluvinculus,,,,,"Chen, Shao & Fang, 1995", 162161008,Schismatogobius insignus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,insignus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)","Keith et al. 2017b and Maeda et al. 2017 indicate that Schismatogobius roxasi Herre, 1936 is probably a synonym of this species. This synonymy is included here following Fricke et al. (2020)." 162161120,Gobiosoma pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiosoma,pallida,,,,,"Herre, 1934",The identify of this species remains uncertain (Keith et al. 2017). This is considered questionably a synonym of Cryptocentroides insignis (Kottelat 2013). 162161247,Stenogobius kyphosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stenogobius,kyphosus,,,,,"Watson, 1991", 162161296,Stigmatogobius elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stigmatogobius,elegans,,,,,"Larson, 2005", 162161340,Stiphodon palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,palawanensis,,,,,"Maeda & Palla, 2015", 162161387,Stiphodon pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,pulchellus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 162161453,Tamanka siitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tamanka,siitensis,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 162161619,Leiopotherapon plumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Leiopotherapon,plumbeus,,,,,"(Kner, 1864)", 162161861,Mesopristes iravi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,TERAPONTIDAE,Mesopristes,iravi,,,,,"Yoshino, Yoshigou & Senou, 2002", 162161923,Dichotomyctere nigroviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Dichotomyctere,nigroviridis,,,,,"(Marion de Procé, 1822)", 2884,Bostrychus expatria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bostrychus,expatria,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 15939,Pandaka pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pandaka,pygmaea,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 18906,Barbodes hemictenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,hemictenus,,,,,"Jordan & Richardson, 1908", 166124,Clarias fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,fuscus,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)", 166148,Monopterus albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Monopterus,albus,,,,,"(Zuiew, 1793)","It was described from Java, Indonesia (type locality). What is currently recognized as Monopterus albus is almost certainly a species complex, and the taxonomic identity of the eastern Himalayan subpopulation needs to be validated." 169359,Tetraroge barbata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,TETRAROGIDAE,Tetraroge,barbata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 169362,Cestraeus oxyrhyncus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Cestraeus,oxyrhyncus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 169542,Gobiopterus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gobiopterus,stellatus,,,,,"(Herre, 1927)", 187987,Eugnathogobius illotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Eugnathogobius,illotus,,,,,"(Larson, 1999)", 196334,Mangarinus waterousi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Mangarinus,waterousi,,,,,"Herre, 1943","Mangarinus waterousi belongs to a genus that has never been reviewed and it is uncertain whether it consists of one or several species throughout its range." 196396,Stiphodon elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,elegans,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)","

Stiphodon is a problematic genus (Watson 1995). Other species have been misidentified as S. elegans.



" 196419,Cestraeus plicatilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Cestraeus,plicatilis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1836", 90999908,Cyclocheilichthys schoppeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyclocheilichthys,schoppeae,,,,,"Cervancia & Kottelat, 2007", 91072549,Rasbora everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,everetti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 91073440,Rasbora lateristriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,lateristriata,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 91073906,Rasbora philippina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,philippina,,,,,"Günther, 1880", 91074120,Rasbora semilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,semilineata,,,,,"Weber & de Beaufort, 1916", 91074180,Rasbora taytayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,taytayensis,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 162209137,Etmopterus lailae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,lailae,,,,,"Ebert, Papastamatiou, Kajiura & Wetherbee, 2017",The species may be misidentified with other members of the Etmoperus lucifer clade (Ebert et al. 2017). 162209242,Etmopterus marshae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,marshae,,,,,"Ebert & Van Hees, 2018", 162209351,Etmopterus samadiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,samadiae,,,,,"White, Ebert, Mana & Corrigan, 2017", 162209834,Pristiophorus lanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pristiophorus,lanae,,,,,"Ebert & Wilms, 2013", 162209907,Apristurus yangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Apristurus,yangi,,,,,"White, Mana & Naylor, 2017", 162209990,Galeus corriganae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,corriganae,,,,,"White, Mana & Naylor, 2016", 162215361,Parmaturus nigripalatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Parmaturus,nigripalatum,,,,,"Fahmi & Ebert, 2018", 162215534,Cephaloscyllium pictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,pictum,,,,,"Last, Séret & White, 2008", 162215596,Cephaloscyllium stevensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,stevensi,,,,,"Clark & Randall, 2011", 162215695,Gollum suluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE,Gollum,suluensis,,,,,"Last & Gaudiano, 2011", 162215720,Planonasus indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PSEUDOTRIAKIDAE,Planonasus,indicus,,,,,"Ebert, Akhilesh & Weigmann, 2018", 162215803,Dipturus amphispinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,amphispinus,,,,,"Last & Alava, 2013", 162215826,Notoraja sereti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Notoraja,sereti,,,,,"White, Last & Mana, 2017", 162215884,Sinobatis andamanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,andamanensis,,,,,"Last & Bussarawit, 2016", 162216008,Sinobatis brevicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,brevicauda,,,,,"Weigmann & Stehmann, 2016", 162216137,Sinobatis kotlyari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Sinobatis,kotlyari,,,,,"Stehmann & Weigmann, 2016", 162292301,Centrophorus longipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,longipinnis,,,,,"White, Ebert & Naylor, 2017",The Longfin Gulper Shark is recently described (White et al. 2017). An extremely long-based first dorsal fin is distinctive and distinguishes it from other Centrophorus species. 162292832,Centrophorus lesliei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,CENTROPHORIDAE,Centrophorus,lesliei,,,,,"White, Ebert & Naylor, 2017", 18545,Pseudomugil furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,PSEUDOMUGILIDAE,Pseudomugil,furcatus,,,,,"Nichols, 1955", 162336422,Tarsius spectrumgurskyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,spectrumgurskyae,,,,,"Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017", 162336881,Tarsius supriatnai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,supriatnai,,,,,"Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto & Mittermeier, 2017", 162369593,Tarsius fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,fuscus,,,,,"Fischer, 1804","Described by Fischer (1804), this species was treated as a junior synonym of either Tarsius spectrum or T. tarsier until it was resurrected by Groves and Shekelle (2010)." 162471391,Chiloglanis mongoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Chiloglanis,mongoensis,,,,,"Schmidt & Barrientos, 2019", 162471417,Enteromius amboseli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,amboseli,,,,,"(Banister, 1980)", 162471510,Enteromius apleurogramma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Enteromius,apleurogramma,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1911)", 162481387,Schismatogobius alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,alleni,,,,,"Keith, Lord & Larson, 2017", 162481449,Schismatogobius baitabag,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Schismatogobius,baitabag,,,,,"Keith, Lord & Larson, 2017", 162637781,Ypthima antennata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ypthima,antennata,,,,,"van Son, 1955", 162637795,Thestor basutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,basutus,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162637813,Pseudacraea eurytus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudacraea,eurytus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 162637834,Hemiolaus caeculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hemiolaus,caeculus,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 162637865,Belenois gidica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,gidica,,,,,"(Godart, [1819])", 162637896,Mylothris rueppellii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,rueppellii,,,,,"(Koch, 1865)", 162637913,Coenyropsis natalii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenyropsis,natalii,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)", 162637923,Aloeides pallida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,pallida,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968", 162637953,Dixeia doxo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Dixeia,doxo,,,,,"(Godart, [1819])", 162637964,Aloeides damarensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,damarensis,,,,,"(Trimen, 1891)", 162638001,Ypthima condamini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ypthima,condamini,,,,,"Kielland, 1982", 162638012,Ypthima impura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ypthima,impura,,,,,"Elwes & Edwards, 1893", 162638081,Zintha hintza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Zintha,hintza,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 162638091,Vanessa dimorphica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Vanessa,dimorphica,,,,,"(Howarth, 1966)", 162638111,Tylopaedia sardonyx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tylopaedia,sardonyx,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 162638148,Thestor protumnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,protumnus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 162638209,Telchinia rahira,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,rahira,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)", 162638298,Stugeta bowkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Stugeta,bowkeri,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 162638308,Spialia mafa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,mafa,,,,,"(Trimen, 1870)", 162638320,Spialia confusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,confusa,,,,,"(Higgins, 1924)", 162638336,Pyrrhiades anchises,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Pyrrhiades,anchises,,,,,"(Gerstaecker, 1871)","The listing of this species within Pyrrhiades follows (Williams 2020), whereas Beccaloni et al. (2021) place it in Coeliades." 162638358,Pseudonacaduba sichela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudonacaduba,sichela,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162638368,Precis tugela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Precis,tugela,,,,,"Trimen, 1879", 162638383,Precis ceryne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Precis,ceryne,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)", 162638397,Phalanta phalantha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Phalanta,phalantha,,,,,"(Drury, [1773])", 162638429,Neptis serena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,serena,,,,,"Overlaet, 1955", 162638534,Neptis saclava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,saclava,,,,,"Boisduval, 1833", 162638616,Nepheronia buquetii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Nepheronia,buquetii,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 162638626,Myrina silenus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Myrina,silenus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 162638637,Myrina dermaptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Myrina,dermaptera,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162638647,Mylothris agathina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,agathina,,,,,"(Cramer, [1779])", 162638658,Leptomyrina henningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptomyrina,henningi,,,,,"Dickson, 1976", 162638668,Lepidochrysops plebeia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,plebeia,,,,,"(Butler, 1898)", 162638678,Junonia terea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,terea,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)", 162638689,Gomalia elma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Gomalia,elma,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 162638700,Gnophodes betsimena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Gnophodes,betsimena,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)", 162638710,Eicochrysops messapus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Eicochrysops,messapus,,,,,"(Godart, [1824])", 162638721,Durbaniella clarki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Durbaniella,clarki,,,,,"(van Son, 1941)", 162638731,Dixeia charina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Dixeia,charina,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 162638744,Cupidopsis jobates,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cupidopsis,jobates,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 162638754,Colotis evenina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,evenina,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162638812,Charaxes protoclea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,protoclea,,,,,"Feisthamel, 1850", 162638822,Charaxes jahlusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,jahlusa,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 162638833,Charaxes castor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,castor,,,,,"(Cramer, [1775])", 162638844,Charaxes achaemenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,achaemenes,,,,,"C. & R. Felder, [1867]", 162638871,Cacyreus fracta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cacyreus,fracta,,,,,"(Grünberg, 1912)", 162638881,Belenois thysa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,thysa,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 162638941,Belenois creona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,creona,,,,,"(Cramer, 1776)", 162638995,Apallaga mokeezi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Apallaga,mokeezi,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)","Because there appears to be no geographical division between the two described subspecies it appears that they may represent forms of the same species or that they may be different species (Mecenero et al. 2013). The listing of this species within Apallaga follows (Williams 2020), whereas Beccaloni et al. (2021) place it in Celaenorrhinus." 162639005,Anthene definita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,definita,,,,,"(Butler, 1899)", 162639015,Anthene amarah,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,amarah,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1847)", 162639027,Alaena amazoula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Alaena,amazoula,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)", 162639037,Acraea rabbaiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,rabbaiae,,,,,"Ward, 1873", 162639064,Acraea caldarena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,caldarena,,,,,"Hewitson, 1877", 162639080,Acraea aganice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,aganice,,,,,"Hewitson, 1852", 162639098,Acraea acrita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,acrita,,,,,"Hewitson, 1865", 162639113,Thestor petra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,petra,,,,,"Pennington, 1962", 162639144,Teracolus agoye,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Teracolus,agoye,,,,,"Wallengren, 1857","Previous placed in Colotis Hübner, [1819], but Teracolus Swainson, [1833] was re-instated as a valid genus by Nazari et al. (2011)." 162639156,Stygionympha wichgrafi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,wichgrafi,,,,,"van Son, 1955", 162639202,Stugeta subinfuscata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Stugeta,subinfuscata,,,,,"(Grünberg, 1910)", 162639233,Spialia depauperata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,depauperata,,,,,"(Strand, 1911)", 162639259,Serradinga bowkeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Serradinga,bowkeri,,,,,"(Trimen, 1870)", 162639270,Sarangesa seineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Sarangesa,seineri,,,,,"Strand, 1909", 162639283,Pseudacraea lucretia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudacraea,lucretia,,,,,"(Cramer, 1775)", 162639304,Phasis clavum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Phasis,clavum,,,,,"Murray, 1935", 162639314,Pentila tropicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pentila,tropicalis,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)", 162639329,Neptis trigonophora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,trigonophora,,,,,"Butler, 1878", 162639339,Nepheronia thalassina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Nepheronia,thalassina,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 162639349,Nepheronia argia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Nepheronia,argia,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)", 162639360,Leptosia alcesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Leptosia,alcesta,,,,,"(Stoll, [1782])", 162639370,Leptomyrina gorgias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptomyrina,gorgias,,,,,"(Stoll, [1790])", 162639380,Kedestes nerva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,nerva,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 162639401,Junonia natalica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,natalica,,,,,"(C. & R. Felder, 1860)", 162639413,Colotis celimene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,celimene,,,,,"(Lucas, 1852)", 162639429,Colotis auxo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,auxo,,,,,"(Lucas, 1852)", 162639442,Colotis annae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,annae,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162639479,Catacroptera cloanthe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Catacroptera,cloanthe,,,,,"(Stoll, [1781])", 162639489,Appias sabina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Appias,sabina,,,,,"(C. & R. Felder, [1865])", 162639504,Appias epaphia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Appias,epaphia,,,,,"(Cramer, [1779])", 162639522,Anthene dulcis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,dulcis,,,,,"(Pagenstecher, 1902)",This taxon was formerly treated as a subspecies of Anthene otacilia (see e.g. Williams 2020). 162639532,Anthene crawshayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,crawshayi,,,,,"(Butler, 1899)", 162639544,Amauris niavius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Amauris,niavius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 162639568,Artitropa erinnys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Artitropa,erinnys,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 162639578,Cyrestis camillus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cyrestis,camillus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1781)", 162639630,Platylesches robustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,robustus,,,,,"Neave, 1910", 162639668,Leptotes pulchra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptotes,pulchra,,,,,"(Murray, 1874)", 162639723,Iolaus alienus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,alienus,,,,,"Trimen, 1898", 162639735,Hypolycaena buxtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypolycaena,buxtoni,,,,,"Hewitson, 1874", 162639751,Hypolimnas deceptor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hypolimnas,deceptor,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 162639768,Eurytela dryope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Eurytela,dryope,,,,,"(Cramer, [1775])", 162639778,Euphaedra neophron,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,neophron,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 162639802,Eagris nottoana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Eagris,nottoana,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162639825,Charaxes varanes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,varanes,,,,,"(Cramer, 1764)", 162639870,Charaxes brutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,brutus,,,,,"(Cramer, [1779])", 162639880,Aloeides molomo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,molomo,,,,,"(Trimen, 1870)", 162639890,Acraea acara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,acara,,,,,"Hewitson, 1865", 162639900,Acraea boopis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,boopis,,,,,"Wichgraf, 1914", 162639910,Acraea neobule,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Acraea,neobule,,,,,"Doubleday, [1847]", 162639926,Amauris albimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Amauris,albimaculata,,,,,"Butler, 1875", 162639944,Andronymus caesar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Andronymus,caesar,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 162639954,Andronymus neander,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Andronymus,neander,,,,,"(Plötz, 1884)", 162639966,Anthene lemnos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,lemnos,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1878)", 162639977,Anthene liodes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,liodes,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1874)", 162639989,Anthene minima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,minima,,,,,"(Trimen, 1893)", 162640004,Axiocerses tjoane,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Axiocerses,tjoane,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162640017,Borbo fatuellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,fatuellus,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 162640027,Byblia anvatara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Byblia,anvatara,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)", 162640040,Charaxes cithaeron,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,cithaeron,,,,,"C. & R. Felder, 1859", 162640050,Chloroselas pseudozeritis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chloroselas,pseudozeritis,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 162640300,Coeliades forestan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Coeliades,forestan,,,,,"(Stoll, [1782])", 162640314,Colias electo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colias,electo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1763)", 162640328,Cupidopsis cissus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cupidopsis,cissus,,,,,"(Godart, [1824])", 162640351,Cymothoe coranus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,coranus,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1889", 162640369,Deloneura millari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deloneura,millari,,,,,"Trimen, 1906", 162640403,Eretis umbra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Eretis,umbra,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 162640545,Hypolimnas anthedon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hypolimnas,anthedon,,,,,"(Doubleday, 1845)", 162640581,Iolaus mimosae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,mimosae,,,,,"Trimen, 1874", 162640593,Kedestes wallengrenii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,wallengrenii,,,,,"(Trimen, 1883)", 162640617,Metisella metis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Metisella,metis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 162640643,Parosmodes morantii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Parosmodes,morantii,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 162640653,Precis archesia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Precis,archesia,,,,,"(Cramer, [1779])", 162640663,Pseudacraea boisduvalii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudacraea,boisduvalii,,,,,"(Doubleday, 1845)", 162640674,Spialia colotes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,colotes,,,,,"(Druce, 1875)", 162640693,Tarucus sybaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tarucus,sybaris,,,,,"(Hopffer, 1855)", 162640714,Telchinia induna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,induna,,,,,"Trimen, 1895", 162640732,Uranothauma nubifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Uranothauma,nubifer,,,,,"(Trimen, 1895)", 162640765,Vanessa hippomene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Vanessa,hippomene,,,,,"(Hübner, [1823])", 162640947,Acleros mackenii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Acleros,mackenii,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 162640977,Amauris ochlea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Amauris,ochlea,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1847)", 162641002,Antanartia schaeneia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Antanartia,schaeneia,,,,,"(Trimen, 1879)", 162641012,Anthene livida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,livida,,,,,"(Trimen, 1881)","The genus Anthene was revised by Libert (2010). In this revision, livida was raised from being a subspecies of Anthene butleri to full species status." 162641022,Axiocerses amanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Axiocerses,amanga,,,,,"(Westwood, 1881)", 162641080,Belenois zochalia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,zochalia,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 162641090,Bicyclus safitza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,safitza,,,,,"(Westwood, 1850)", 162641106,Borbo ferruginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,ferruginea,,,,,"(Aurivillius, 1925)", 162641116,Charaxes ethalion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,ethalion,,,,,"Boisduval, 1847", 162641178,Colotis antevippe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,antevippe,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1836)", 162641189,Colotis calais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,calais,,,,,"(Cramer, [1775])", 162641215,Colotis euippe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,euippe,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 162641232,Deudorix dinomenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deudorix,dinomenes,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1887", 162641303,Eurema desjardinsii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Eurema,desjardinsii,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)", 162641340,Eurytela hiarbas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Eurytela,hiarbas,,,,,"(Drury, 1782)", 162641350,Hypolycaena philippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypolycaena,philippus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 162641366,Iolaus silarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,silarus,,,,,"Druce, 1885", 162641414,Metisella aegipan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Metisella,aegipan,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 162641430,Paralethe dendrophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Paralethe,dendrophilus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 162641440,Phalanta eurytis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Phalanta,eurytis,,,,,"(Doubleday, [1847])", 162641472,Pinacopteryx eriphia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pinacopteryx,eriphia,,,,,"(Godart, 1819)", 162641482,Pontia helice,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Pontia,helice,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 162641510,Sevenia boisduvali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Sevenia,boisduvali,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 162641572,Spialia agylla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,agylla,,,,,"(Trimen, 1889)", 162641582,Telchinia cerasa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,cerasa,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1861)", 162641592,Telchinia encedon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Telchinia,encedon,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 162641612,Trimenia macmasteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Trimenia,macmasteri,,,,,"(Dickson, 1968)", 162641622,Tsitana tulbagha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Tsitana,tulbagha,,,,,"Evans, 1937", 162641632,Zizina otis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Zizina,otis,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)",Subspecies Zizian otis ssp. antanossa has been referred to as Z. antanossa but presently it is considered a subspecies of Z. otis (Yago et al. 2008). 162641642,Colotis vesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,vesta,,,,,"(Reiche, 1849)", 59219,Bolitoglossa zapoteca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,zapoteca,,,,,"Parra-Olea, Garcia-Paris & Wake, 2002", 162701702,Acanthobunocephalus nicoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Acanthobunocephalus,nicoi,,,,,"Friel, 1995",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

162702131,Aspredinichthys tibicen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Aspredinichthys,tibicen,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

162702544,Aspredo aspredo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Aspredo,aspredo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

162702659,Bunocephalus aloikae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,aloikae,,,,,"Hoedeman, 1961",This species is taxonomically problematic and is in need of revision (T.P. Carvalho pers. comm. 2020). 162702813,Platystacus cotylephorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Platystacus,cotylephorus,,,,,"Bloch, 1794",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

162702921,Pseudobunocephalus rugosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pseudobunocephalus,rugosus,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903)",


18227047,Microstomus kitt,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PLEURONECTIDAE,Microstomus,kitt,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)", 162708774,Atractoscion aequidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atractoscion,aequidens,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)","Henriques et al. (2014, 2016) used microsatellite makers to show that A. aequidens (sensu lato) included cryptic species – in particular with evidence of two southern African populations, one in South Africa and the other in Angola and Namibia. Subsequently, Song et al. (2017) demonstrated that global Atractoscion comprised four species and that A. aequidens was confined to southern/south-east Africa." 183674,Robaloscion wieneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Robaloscion,wieneri,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1883)",Sciaenia starksi is a junior synonym of S. wierneri (N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2018). 181264,Kryptopterus macrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Kryptopterus,macrocephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)","This species was described from Padang, Sumatra (Bleeker 1858), although this locality is possibly in error, given that the rivers draining the vicinity of Padang are not suitable habitats for this species, and it has never been recorded from there since.  Roberts (1989) recognizes a striped and a mottled form of this species, the conspecificity of which needs to be verified." 18238431,Zeugopterus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Zeugopterus,punctatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1787)", 198733,Zeugopterus regius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SCOPHTHALMIDAE,Zeugopterus,regius,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)", 162207827,Cephaloscyllium fasciatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,fasciatum,,,,,"Chan, 1966", 162916735,Capricornis sumatraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capricornis,sumatraensis,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1799)","The taxonomy of this genus has been discussed over a long period by a number of authors, as there has been a degree of confusion and disagreement among scientists. Descriptions, range maps and assessment of conservation status in the literature vary because sources differ on nomenclature and specific/sub-specific status of the various taxa. This re-assessment follows the taxonomy of Mori et al. (2019) which recently and firstly used the total mitochondrial genome of all taxa and confirmed the existence of four species of Capricornis as follows:

  • Capricornis crispus - Japanese Serow (restricted to Japan);
  • Capricornis rubidus - Red Serow (restricted to Myanmar and southwest China);
  • Capricornis sumatraensis - Mainland Serow, including the Sumatran Serow (C. s. sumatraensis; restricted to Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand); Chinese Serow (C. s. mildneedwardsii; restricted to China and southeast Asia countries); and Himalayan Serow (C. s. thar; restricted to the Himalayan range);
  • Capricornis swinhoei - Formosan Serow (restricted to Taiwan).
" 162917734,Upeneus caudofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,caudofasciatus,,,,,"Uiblein & Gledhill, 2019", 162917776,Upeneus gubal,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,gubal,,,,,"Uiblein, 2019", 162917796,Upeneus heterospinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,MULLIDAE,Upeneus,heterospinus,,,,,"Uiblein & Pavlov, 2019", 162917863,Anoplocapros amygdaloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Anoplocapros,amygdaloides,,,,,"Fraser-Brunner, 1941",This species is easily confused with Anoplocapros inermis (Matsuura 2008). 162917933,Aracana ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Aracana,ornata,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)", 162918261,Caprichthys gymnura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Caprichthys,gymnura,,,,,"McCulloch & Waite, 1915", 162918363,Capropygia unistriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Capropygia,unistriata,,,,,"(Kaup, 1855)", 162919068,Kentrocapros rosapinto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Kentrocapros,rosapinto,,,,,"(Smith, 1949)", 162918625,Kentrocapros flavofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Kentrocapros,flavofasciatus,,,,,"(Kamohara, 1938)", 162918514,Kentrocapros eco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Kentrocapros,eco,,,,,"(Phillipps, 1932)",There is significant taxonomic uncertainty associated with this species in part due to the damaged condition of the holotype and possible confusion with Kentrocapros flavofasciatus (Stewart and Roberts 2015). 162918438,Kentrocapros aculeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Kentrocapros,aculeatus,,,,,"(Houttuyn, 1782)", 162919274,Kentrocapros spilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Kentrocapros,spilonotus,,,,,"(Gilbert, 1905)",This species was previously considered a synonym of Kentrocapros aculeatus (Mundy 2005). 162919600,Polyplacapros tyleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Polyplacapros,tyleri,,,,,"Fujii & Uyeno, 1979", 162923732,Chilabothrus schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Chilabothrus,schwartzi,,,,,"(Buden, 1975)","Chilabothrus schwartzi is a recently elevated boa species (Reynolds et al. 2018). The species was originally described as Epicrates chryogaster schwartzi by Donald W. Buden in 1975 based on four type specimens collected by locals on Crooked and Acklins islands. Individuals were not recorded again in the literature (and no additional specimens were secured) until Reynolds et al. (2018) recorded four individuals on Crooked Island in 2017. Subsequent analyses of DNA, morphology, and comparison to the types by Reynolds et al. (2018) provided support for the elevation of the lineage to the specific level within the West Indian endemic genus Chilabothrus on the basis of diagnostic and divergent morphological and genetic characters." 154771,Anoplocapros inermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,ARACANIDAE,Anoplocapros,inermis,,,,,"(Fraser-Brunner, 1935)", 55640,Ecnomiohyla salvaje,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,salvaje,,,,,"(Wilson, McCranie & Williams, 1985)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has recently been moved to the new genus Ecnomiohyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 163015583,Nycticebus kayan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,kayan,,,,,"Munds, Nekaris & Ford, 2013","

This taxon was previously included in Nycticebus menagensis, but was described as a separate species by Munds et al. (2013). The species description was based on facemask variation between existing sample photographs and museum specimens formerly described as N. menagensis.

" 163015864,Nycticebus bancanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,bancanus,,,,,"Lyon, 1906","

This taxon was considered to be Nycticebus menagensis, but was described as a new species by Munds et al. (2013). The species description was based on facemask variation between existing sample photographs and museum specimens previously believed to be N. menagensis. Nycticebus bancanus is characterized by a deep chestnut coloured facemask and a diffuse-edged upper circumocular patch. The lower part of the circumocular patch never extends below the zygomatic arch, it has a wide interocular stripe, the crown patch is also diffused, the ears are hairy, and the preauricular hair band is narrow. The species is also characterized by a distinct crimson red dorsal pelage (Munds et al. 2013).

When assessing this species in 1937, Sody, on the basis of 146 specimens, wrote the darkness of the ventral side was sufficient reason therein to accept Lyon’s race bancanus. He also pointed out that the temporal ridges do not meet in adults and that the Banka animals never possess four upper incisors, placing them closer Bornean species than to those from Sumatra.

" 163015906,Nycticebus borneanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,borneanus,,,,,"Lyon, 1906","

This taxon was previously included in Nycticebus menagensis, but was described as a separate species by Munds et al. (2013). The species description was based on facemask variation between sampled photographs and museum specimens previously classed as N. menagensis.

" 181055,Chaca bankanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CHACIDAE,Chaca,bankanensis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1852","This species was described from Bangka (Bleeker, 1852), and was considered a junior synonym of C. chaca for a long time until Roberts (1982) revalidated it. There is evidence that some populations currently identified as this species (e.g. from southern Borneo) represent unnamed species." 181250,Clarias meladerma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,meladerma,,,,,"Bleeker, 1846","This species was described from Batavia (=Jakarta), Java (Bleeker, 1846). Clarias melasoma Bleeker, 1852 from south-east Borneo and south-east Sumatra is regarded as its junior synonym (Teugels et al. 2001). Clarias melanoderma Bleeker, 1858 has been regarded as an unneeded replacement name for or unjustified emendation of C. melasoma (see Teugels et al. 2001), but is now considered a separate taxon that is now considered a junior synonym of C. meladerma (see Ferraris 2007)." 91211911,Ompok borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,borneensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1901)", 169559,Ompok fumidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,fumidus,,,,,"Tan & Ng, 1996", 163019804,Nycticebus hilleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,hilleri,,,,,"Stone & Rehn, 1902","Described as a distinct subspecies in 1902, this taxon was later grouped with Nytcicebus coucang. Lydekker (1904) described this much redder and larger form as having a brightly rufescent chestnut colour slightly washed with grey, with a dorsal stripe and crown-patch being a deeper rufous, faintly bordered with brown. When working with lorises confiscated in trade originating from Sumatra, Nekaris and Jaffe (2007) were struck by two forms in a sample of 25 individuals. Nine individuals possessed the characteristics described by Stone and Rehn (1902), and were so statistically distinct, that Nekaris and Jaffe suggested that they be elevated to a species, N. hilleri. They reported the following average morphometric parameters for N. hilleri that were larger than those of N. coucang: weight: 689 g; head length 61 mm; muzzle length 21 mm; head breath 39 mm; head body length 278 mm; hand span 51 mm; foot span 68 mm; ear length 18 mm (Nekaris and Jaffe 2007)." 163020756,Cheirogaleus shethi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,shethi,,,,,"Frasier, Lei, McLain, Taylor, Bailey, Ginter, Nash, Randriamampionona, Groves, Mittermeier & Louis Jr., 2016","Described in 2016, Cheirogaleus shethi was previously thought to be a population of C. medius. However, Frasier et al. (2016) showed that this species is in fact genetically distinct to all other Cheirogaleus species. There are also significant morphological differences between C. shethi and C. medius (Frasier et al. 2016)." 163021607,Cheirogaleus andysabini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,andysabini,,,,,"Lei, McLain, Frasier, Taylor, Bailey, Engberg, Ginter, Nash, Randriamampionona, Groves, Mittermeier & Louis Jr, 2015","Thiele et al. (2013) identified a Cheirogaleus lineage from Montagne d’Ambre that grouped closely with individuals spanning a large range throughout the north and east of Madagascar. Although genetically distinct, this subgroup was retained within C. crossleyi pending more data. An expanded dataset permitted the description of C. andysabini from Montagne d’Ambre by Lei et al. (2015) who showed that this species is genetically distinct from other species within the C. crossleyi group. There are also significant differences in pelage between C. andysabini and C. crossleyi (Lei et al. 2015)." 163021927,Cheirogaleus grovesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,grovesi,,,,,"McLain, Lei, Frasier, Taylor, Bailey, Robertson, Nash, Randriamanana, Mittermeier & Louis Jr, 2017","A dwarf lemur from Ranomafana (RANO229) which was originally described as Cheirogaleus major (E. Louis pers. comm.) and later assigned to C. crossleyi (Groeneveld et al. 2009). Thiele et al. (2013) proposed that samples from Ranomafana-Andrambovato belonged to a separate clade within the “crossleyi” lineage. Most recently, McLain et al. (2017) described species C. grovesi, on the basis of four samples, two from Ranomafana, and two from Andringitra National Parks." 163022131,Cheirogaleus lavasoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,lavasoensis,,,,,"Thiele, Razafimahatratra & Hapke, 2013","This species was previously described as Cheirogaleus crossleyi-like by Hapke et al. (2005), but later named as C. lavasoensis by Thiele et al. (2013). It is geographically restricted to very small forest fragments on the southern slopes of the three main part of the Lavasoa mountains: Grand Lavasoa, Petit Lavasoa and Ambatotsirongorongo. Most recently Lei et al. (2014) extended the northern range of this species to the Kalambatritra (Sahalava) forest (dwarf lemurs previously assigned to the species C. crossleyi)." 163024481,Microcebus tanosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,tanosi,,,,,"Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony & Kappeler, 2013","First described in 2013, initially considered as Microcebus murinus." 41793,Chimaera panthera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CHIMAERIDAE,Chimaera,panthera,,,,,"Didier, 1998", 163022885,Cheirogaleus thomasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Cheirogaleus,thomasi,,,,,"(Forsyth Major, 1894)","A full account of the taxonomic history of is provided by Groves (2000). After various reassignments, the species had been described as Opolemur thomasi by Forsyth Major. It was then assigned to Cheirogaleus adipicaudatus by Groves (2000). In 2014 Cheirogaleus thomasi was resurrected (Lei et al. 2014)." 163313085,Microcebus ganzhorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,ganzhorni,,,,,"Hotaling, Foley, Lawrence, Bocanegra, Blanco, Rasoloarison, Kappeler, Barrett, Yoder & Weisrock, 2016 ",The species has been assigned to Microcebus murinus but has separated from M. murinus and described as a distinct species in 2016 (Hotaling et al. 2016). 163313848,Microcebus manitatra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,manitatra,,,,,"Hotaling, Foley, Lawrence, Bocanegra, Blanco, Rasoloarison, Kappeler, Barrett, Yoder & Weisrock, 2016 ","Microcebys manitatra includes a subpopulation of mouse lemurs, formerly referred to as M. murinus from the southeastern region of Madagascar that is disjunct from the broader range of M. murinus across western and southern Madagascar. It is also distinct from the nearby mouse lemur subpopulation of Bemanasy. This species forms a monophyletic group in the mtDNA gene tree, is assigned to a distinct nuclear cluster in population structure analyses and is strongly supported with coalescent-based Bayesian species delimitation tests (Hotaling et al. 2016). This recent description confirmed previous comprehensive surveys of mtDNA of M. murinus across the southeastern region that revealed divergent geographic clades in close geographical proximity with no evidence of haplotype sharing (Weisrock et al. 2010, Hapke et al. 2012).This species is named for the Malagasy ‘manitatra’ meaning ‘range expansion’ to reflect the divergent distribution of this mouse lemur from the primarily western distribution of M. murinus." 22692192,Heliornis fulica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,HELIORNITHIDAE,Heliornis,fulica,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22693594,Burhinus bistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,BURHINIDAE,Burhinus,bistriatus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 5229,Connochaetes taurinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Connochaetes,taurinus,,,,,"(Burchell, 1823)","Generally, five subspecies are recognised the Western White-bearded Wildebeest (C. t. mearnsi), the Eastern White-bearded Wildebeest (C. t. albojubatus), Nyassa Wildebeest (C. t. johnstoni), Cookson’s Wildebeest (C. t. cooksoni), and the Blue Wildebeest (C. t. taurinus) (Ansell 1972, Grubb 2005)." 57060,Craugastor xucanebi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,xucanebi,,,,,"(Stuart, 1941)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 163435336,Melanotaenia maccullochi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,maccullochi,,,,,"Ogilby, 1915", 163435979,Melanotaenia sahulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,sahulensis,,,,,"Hammer, Allen, Martin, Adams & Unmack, 2019", 163443511,Pseudavakubia majus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Pseudavakubia,majus,,,,,"de Winter & Vastenhout, 2013", 163444081,Pseudavakubia atewaensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,STREPTAXIDAE,Pseudavakubia,atewaensis,,,,,"de Winter, 2013", 22678443,Chamaepetes unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Chamaepetes,unicolor,,,,,"Salvin, 1867", 22690962,Geotrygon violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,violacea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)", 22690883,Leptotila jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22690908,Zentrygon costaricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,costaricensis,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1868)",Zentrygon costaricensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon. 22728963,Zentrygon lawrencii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,lawrencii,,,,,"(Salvin, 1874)","Zentrygon lawrencii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon.

Previously, Geotrygon lawrencii (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) was split into G. lawrencii and G. carrikeri following AOU (1998).

" 22690932,Zentrygon albifacies,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,albifacies,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)",Zentrygon albifacies (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon. 22690936,Zentrygon chiriquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,chiriquensis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1856)",Zentrygon chiriquensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon. 22690750,Zenaida aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zenaida,aurita,,,,,"(Temminck, 1809)", 22689695,Lurocalis semitorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Lurocalis,semitorquatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22689755,Nyctiphrynus mcleodii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctiphrynus,mcleodii,,,,,"(Brewster, 1888)", 22689767,Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctiphrynus,yucatanicus,,,,,"(Hartert, 1892)", 22689773,Nyctiphrynus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctiphrynus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22689781,Antrostomus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,rufus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Antrostomus rufus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. Caprimulgus otiosus (Stotz 1996) was lumped into C. rufus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and AOU (1998). Note that this taxon was treated as a species in Collar and Andrew (1988) but not subsequently.

" 22689792,Antrostomus salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,salvini,,,,,"(Hartert, 1892)",Antrostomus salvini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689795,Antrostomus badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,badius,,,,,"Bangs & Peck, 1908",Antrostomus badius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22689813,Antrostomus saturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,saturatus,,,,,"Salvin, 1870",Antrostomus saturatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 118264161,Canis aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,aureus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Recent studies based on mtDNA and morphology have shown that ""Golden Jackals"" in Africa are larger in size than those from Eurasia and are actually more closely related to the Grey Wolf Canis lupus. African animals hence represent a previously overlooked distinct species, the African Wolf, Canis lupaster (see Rueness et al. 2011, Gaubert et al. 2012, Koepfli et al. 2015, Viranta et al. 2017). However, the putative presence of Golden Jackal in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt remains unclear (see Gaubert et al. 2012, Viranta et al. 2017)." 3745,Canis latrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,latrans,,,,,"Say, 1823", 3746,Canis lupus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,lupus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","In Europe, two subspecies are recognized: C. l. signatus (Iberia) and C. l. italicus (Italy, France and Switzerland).

In Asia, two subspecies are recognized: C. l. pallipes (most of the Asian range from Israel to China) and C. l. arabs (Arabian peninsula). Furthermore, wolves of the Himalayan range have been proposed as a distinct subspecies (C. l. chanco).

In North America, five subspecies are often recognized: C. l. arctos (Arctic wolf), C. l. lycaon (Eastern wolf), which Chambers et al. (2012) consider a distinct species, C. l. nubilus (Plains wolf), C. l. occidentalis (Northwestern wolf or Northern timber wolf), and C. l. baileyi (Mexican wolf).

Note that this assessment follows Jackson et al. (2017) in regarding the Dingo, sometimes considered a subspecies of Grey Wolf (C. l. dingo), as a feral dog population derived from a domesticate, and hence as C. familiaris, along with all other free-ranging dogs." 22689823,Hydropsalis cayennensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Hydropsalis,cayennensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Hydropsalis cayennensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 3747,Canis rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Canis,rufus,,,,,"Audubon & Bachman, 1851","See Chambers et al. (2012) for a brief review of recent literature concerning the status of this species, which they considered a full species, as does this assessment." 22689847,Hydropsalis maculicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Hydropsalis,maculicaudus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)",Hydropsalis maculicaudus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22697630,Cathartes burrovianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CATHARTIFORMES,CATHARTIDAE,Cathartes,burrovianus,,,,,"Cassin, 1845", 22722724,Euphonia laniirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,laniirostris,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837", 22722760,Euphonia minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Euphonia,minuta,,,,,"Cabanis, 1849", 22720398,Spinus xanthogastrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,xanthogastrus,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1855)","

Spinus xanthogastrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis and listed as C. xanthogastra following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22696286,Micrastur mirandollei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Micrastur,mirandollei,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1862)", 22696229,Ibycter americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Ibycter,americanus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22696261,Milvago chimachima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Milvago,chimachima,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22681908,Capito maculicoronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,maculicoronatus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1861", 22681939,Eubucco bourcierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Eubucco,bourcierii,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)", 22682174,Brachygalba salmoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Brachygalba,salmoni,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1879", 22682200,Galbula ruficauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,ruficauda,,,,,"Cuvier, 1816", 22682224,Jacamerops aureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Jacamerops,aureus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22683649,Chloroceryle amazona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Chloroceryle,amazona,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22683655,Chloroceryle inda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Chloroceryle,inda,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683658,Chloroceryle aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Chloroceryle,aenea,,,,,"(Pallas, 1764)", 22689636,Nyctibius grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,NYCTIBIIDAE,Nyctibius,grandis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22689646,Nyctibius griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,NYCTIBIIDAE,Nyctibius,griseus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22689642,Nyctibius jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,NYCTIBIIDAE,Nyctibius,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22692282,Micropygia schomburgkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Micropygia,schomburgkii,,,,,"(Schomburgk, 1848)", 22692343,Laterallus ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,ruber,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1860)", 22692349,Laterallus exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,exilis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1831)", 22692601,Amaurolimnas concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Amaurolimnas,concolor,,,,,"(Gosse, 1847)", 22693553,Jacana jacana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Jacana,jacana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22733979,Puffinus subalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Puffinus,subalaris,,,,,"Ridgway, 1897","Puffinus lherminieri (incorporating baroli), P. bannermani, P. persicus, P. subalaris and P. bailloni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. lherminieri and baroli was subsumed under P. assimilis, following Brooke (2004), before which P. bannermani and P. persicus where split following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22697460,Mesembrinibis cayennensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Mesembrinibis,cayennensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22694075,Vanellus chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,chilensis,,,,,"(Molina, 1782)", 22693842,Charadrius collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,collaris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22697710,Jabiru mycteria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Jabiru,mycteria,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1819)", 22691893,Eurypyga helias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,EURYPYGIFORMES,EURYPYGIDAE,Eurypyga,helias,,,,,"(Pallas, 1781)", 22728990,Sula granti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Sula,granti,,,,,"Rothschild, 1902", 22683001,Momotus mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Momotus,mexicanus,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 61634591,Momotus coeruliceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Momotus,coeruliceps,,,,,"(Gould, 1836)","Momotus momota, M. coeruliceps, M. lessonii, M. subrufescens, M. bahamensis and M. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. momota following SACC (2005). Prior to that, M. aequatorialis had been split following Stotz et al. (1996), and before that all forms were lumped with M. momota following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
" 61634649,Momotus lessonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Momotus,lessonii,,,,,"Lesson, 1842","Momotus momota, M. coeruliceps, M. lessonii, M. subrufescens, M. bahamensis and M. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. momota following SACC (2005). Prior to that, M. aequatorialis had been split following Stotz et al. (1996), and before that all forms were lumped with M. momota following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
" 61634657,Momotus subrufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Momotus,subrufescens,,,,,"Sclater, 1853","Momotus momota, M. coeruliceps, M. lessonii, M. subrufescens, M. bahamensis and M. aequatorialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. momota following SACC (2005). Prior to that, M. aequatorialis had been split following Stotz et al. (1996), and before that all forms were lumped with M. momota following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).
" 22682995,Baryphthengus martii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Baryphthengus,martii,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22682986,Electron platyrhynchum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Electron,platyrhynchum,,,,,"(Leadbeater, 1829)", 22682992,Eumomota superciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Eumomota,superciliosa,,,,,"(Sandbach, 1837)", 163632493,Phrynocephalus sogdianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,sogdianus,,,,,"Chernov, 1948","The relationship between P. interscapularis and P. sogdianus is unclear. The latter taxon has been listed both as a subspecies of P. interscapularis (Milto and Barabanov 2012) and as a full species (Sindaco and Jeremčenko 2008, Melville et al. 2009) in recent literature. Solovyeva et al. (2014) found ""only insignificant"" genetic differentiation between the two taxa and suggested that the status of P. sogdianus, which they retained as a full species, warrants further investigation." 163715576,Gekko guishanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gekko,guishanicus,,,,,"Lin & Yao, 2016", 163737137,Melanotaenia garylangei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,MELANOTAENIIDAE,Melanotaenia,garylangei,,,,,"Graf, Herder & Hadiaty, 2015", 22697733,Fregata minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,FREGATIDAE,Fregata,minor,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 61214753,Crypturellus cinnamomeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,cinnamomeus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1842)","Crypturellus cinnamomeus and C. occidentalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cinnamomeus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61214775,Crypturellus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1985)","Crypturellus cinnamomeus and C. occidentalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cinnamomeus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22685745,Eupsittula pertinax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eupsittula,pertinax,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Eupsittula pertinax (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga. 22685566,Ara chloropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,chloropterus,,,,,"Gray, 1859", 22685937,Forpus conspicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,conspicillatus,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1848)", 45429607,Pionus menstruus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,menstruus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Pionus menstruus and P. reichenowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. menstruus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 45421217,Pyrrhura emma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,emma,,,,,"Salvadori, 1891","Pyrrhura leucotis and P. emma (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucotis, under which P. griseipectus and P. pfrimeri were also formerly subsumed following (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993)." 22697343,Botaurus pinnatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Botaurus,pinnatus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1829)", 22697001,Ardea cocoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,cocoi,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22696987,Pilherodius pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Pilherodius,pileatus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22684379,Coccycua minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccycua,minuta,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 61418830,Piaya cayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Piaya,cayana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Piaya cayana and P. mexicana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cayana following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61419028,Piaya mexicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Piaya,mexicana,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)","Piaya cayana and P. mexicana (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cayana following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22684444,Tapera naevia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Tapera,naevia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22684452,Dromococcyx phasianellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Dromococcyx,phasianellus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22684461,Geococcyx velox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Geococcyx,velox,,,,,"(Wagner, 1836)", 22684431,Crotophaga major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Crotophaga,major,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788", 22694799,Anous minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Anous,minutus,,,,,"Boie, 1844","Anous tenuirostris and A. minutus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993), cross-regional species, are retained as separate species contra Turbott (1990) who includes minutus as a subspecies of tenuirostris." 22696645,Phaethon lepturus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHAETHONTIFORMES,PHAETHONTIDAE,Phaethon,lepturus,,,,,"Daudin, 1802", 22696641,Phaethon rubricauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHAETHONTIFORMES,PHAETHONTIDAE,Phaethon,rubricauda,,,,,"Boddaert, 1783", 22736251,Trogon melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,melanurus,,,,,"Swainson, 1838", 22736244,Trogon chionurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,chionurus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1871", 22682744,Euptilotis neoxenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Euptilotis,neoxenus,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 103797456,Geothlypis semiflava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,semiflava,,,,,"Sclater, 1861","

Geothlypis semiflava and G. bairdi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were lumped as G. semiflava following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103801561,Basileuterus cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,cabanisi,,,,,"von Berlepsch, 1879","

Basileuterus culicivorus, B. cabanisi and B. auricapilla (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. culicivorus, following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 15954,Panthera pardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Panthera,pardus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","According to genetic analyses, nine subspecies are recognized, with all continental African Leopards attributable to the nominate form, P. p. pardus (Miththapala et al. 1996, Uphyrkina et al. 2001)." 164010215,Udara blackburni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Udara,blackburni,,,,,"(Tuely, 1878)", 163971035,Lankanectes pera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,NYCTIBATRACHIDAE,Lankanectes,pera,,,,,"Senevirathne, Samarawickrama, Wijayathilaka, Manamendra-Arachchi, Bowatte, Samarawickrama, & Meegaskumbura, 2018", 1802,Aotus miconax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,miconax,,,,,"Thomas, 1927","It is doubtful that the current taxonomy provides a true picture of the diversity of the genus Aotus. Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) reported that cytogenetic studies have characterized 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. The taxonomy of the night monkeys essentially follows the revision by Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms." 13484053,Nactus soniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,soniae,,,,,"Arnold & Bour, 2008", 96829156,Cryptotis niausa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,niausa,,,,,"Moreno & Albuja, 2014","This is a new species (Moreno and Albuja 2014)." 57360,Telmatobius scrocchii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,scrocchii,,,,,"Laurent & Lavilla, 1986", 171312,Alopia maciana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,maciana,,,,,"Bădărău & Szekeres, 2001",This species belongs to the subgenus Kimakowiczia. 40044,Serratorotula juliformis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Serratorotula,juliformis,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1852)","

Groh and Hemmen (1986) examined Geomitra coronata, and reclassified it with two other taxa (both extinct) into a new subgenus Serratorotula. Bank et al. (2002) elevated the subgenus to generic status.

This species was previously assessed under the name Serratorotula coronata, however the correctly the valid name is Serratorotula juliformis, due to pre-occupation of the first (K. Groh pers. comm. 2019).

" 4975,Myodes rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,rutilus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1779)","Formerly included in the genus Clethrionomys, now considered a synonym of Myodes." 164377509,Erythrocebus poliophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Erythrocebus,poliophaeus,,,,,"(Reichenbach, 1862)","

Schwarz (1927) placed all the patas monkeys that are currently recognised as subspecies of Erythrocebus patas (Schreber, 1775). Napier and Napier (1967) listed the patas monkey as comprising just the one species, with four subspecies: E. p. patas (Schreber, 1775), E. p. pyrrhonotus (Hemprich and Erhenberg 1829), E. p. baumstarki Matschie, 1906, and E. p. villiersi Dekeyser, 1950. Verheyen (1962), Dandelot (1968 1971) and Kingdon (1971, 1997, 2015) also recognised these four subspecies, but listed Erythrocebus as a subgenus of Cercopithecus, based evidently on the indication of paraphyly with such as the grivet monkey, the vervet, and l'Hoest’s monkey that were then considered members of the genus Cercopithecus (Disotell 2000). This was resolved by the reinstatement of the genera Chlorocebus Gray, 1870, for the grivets and vervets, and Allochrocebus Elliot, 1913, for l’Hoest’s monkey, Preuss’s monkey and the sun-tailed monkey. Isbell (2013) recognised E. p. patas (the western patas monkey), E. p. pyrrhonotus (the eastern patas monkey) and E. p. baumstarki (the southern patas), but considered E. p. villiersi to be a synonym of E. p. patas.

Gippoliti (2017) resurrected this species described by Martin Theodor von Heuglin (in Reichenbach, 1862) as Cercopithecus poliophaeus from Fazoglo [Fazughli], southeastern Sudan. It is found in western Ethiopia adjoining Sudan along the Blue Nile. Gippoliti (2017) placed albigenus Elliot, 1909, from Sudan as a junior synonym. Erythrocebus poliophaeus is within the range formerly ascribed to E. p. pyrrhonotus. Groves (2001, 2005) placed poliophaeus as a synonym of Erythrocebus patas.

Gippoliti’s 2017 review was only partial and, considering the little-known and numerous synonyms (see Groves, 2001), further research on patas monkeys throughout their range is urgently needed, especially since some “forgotten” but valid taxa might well be endangered.

" 164378198,Galagoides kumbirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Galagoides,kumbirensis,,,,,"Svensson, Bersacola, Mills, Munds, Nijman, Perkin, Masters, Couette, Nekaris & Bearder, 2017","

Described in 2017 by Svensson et al. (2017) on the basis of field observations of live animals, analysis of vocalisations and morphological analysis of skins and skulls. Museum specimens previously regarded as Galagoides thomasi serve as syntypes. It is sympatric with the smaller Galagoides demidoff but not with G. thomasi (see Svensson et al. 2017).

Nash et al. (1989, 1990) indicated a range for G. thomasi that included the Loanda Highlands of Angola (see also Groves 2001). Kingdon (1997, 2015) noted that a distinct G. thomasi population occurred on the Loanda Plateau in Angola. This population can evidently now be referred to as G. kumbirensis.

Kingdon (1997, 2015) indicated a distribution for G. thomasi that covered a broad swathe of northern Angola. According to Ambrose and Butynski (2013b), however, G. thomasi is restricted in Angola to a small area in the central north of the country. The distribution maps of G. demidoff and G. thomasi as shown by Kingdon (1997) and Kingdon (2015) are, however, discrepant when compared with those of Ambrose and Butynski (2013a, 2013b). The map for G. thomasi in Kingdon (2015) is that of G. demidovii [sic] in Ambrose and Butynski (2013a), and vice versa; they have evidently been switched. In the southeast, the range of what is supposed to be G. thomasi is unclear and, as indicated by Groves (2001) and Kingdon (1997, 2015), variation in what is currently considered to be G. thomasi needs further investigation.

Kingdon (1997, 2015) indicated that true G. thomasi, which he referred to as G. t. thomasi, occurs in eastern DRC and western Uganda, that there is an undescribed subspecies from the River Niger to the Congo River, and that further distinct populations can be found in the Shaba region of southern Congo and possibly on Mt Masrasabit in Kenya and in Togo. He noted too that central Ugandan thomasi are larger than those of western Uganda and have shorter tails. The West African thomasi differ in the pattern of their loud calls.

Summarizing, Groves (2001) wrote that “One of the few definite conclusions to emerge from my survey [of G. thomasi] is that no museum specimens can be identified with G. thomasi outside of the Uganda-Kivu area: the diversity that clearly exists elsewhere does not include G. thomasi.” (p.120). The type locality of G. thomasi is “Congo, Zaïre: Beni” (Groves 2001).

" 164386040,Nothobranchius melanospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,melanospilus,,,,,"(Pfeffer, 1896)","

Fundulus melanospilus was established as a species by Pfeffer in 1896 after four female specimens from Longo-Bay, present Ilonga in Tanzania, whereas males from the same location were identified in the same publication as belonging to Fundulus guentheri. Furthermore, Pfeffer (1896) also mentioned specimens from the Seychelles. This latter locality is clearly misidentified for Zanzibar (Wildekamp 1981, Costa 2012). Ahl (1935) restricted the type locality of the species to Longo-Bay, and the remaining specimens mentioned by Pfeffer (1896) originating from the Seychelles are described in the same work by Ahl (1935) as N. seychellensis. Bailey (1969) synonymized N. melanospilus with N. guentheri and the two species were regarded as synonyms until Wildekamp (1981) restored the validity of N. melanospilus, with the type locality of Ilonga, and restricted the distribution of N. guentheri to Zanzibar.

Nothobranchius emini Ahl, 1935 Ikongoro, eastern Tanzania, and N. seychellensis Ahl, 1935 from Zanzibar (erroneously Seychelles islands) are regarded as synonyms of N. melanospilus (Wildekamp 1981, 2004).

Populations found since in south-eastern Tanzania and north-eastern Mozambique were, from 1985, referred to as N. aff. melanospilus, based on some similarities in male colour pattern, until these populations were described as N. makondorum by Wildekamp et al. in 2009.

Populations found in the Kilombero drainage in 1995 were also referred to as N. aff. melanospilus, based on some general similarities; however, there were also some important differences and that species was described as N. lucius by Wildekamp et al. in 2009, including populations from the Mbezi and lower Rufiji drainages, and also from Mafia Island. These latter populations occurring on Mafia Island were separated from the populations on the coastal mainland and described as N. insularis by Costa in 2017.

Costa (2017) redescribed N. melanospilus and designated a lectotype from the specimens originating from Zanzibar.

Based on morphological analyses and minor colour pattern differences, Costa (2019) separated two cryptic species from peripheral parts of the range of N. melanospilus.

Populations found in the Ramisi drainage in southern Kenya, following their discovery in 1974, were referred to N. melanospilus based on some similarities in colour pattern of both sexes, until Costa (2019) described specimens from one location in the Ramisi drainage in southern Kenya as N. kwalensis.

Populations found in the upper Wami drainage, including the area around Ilonga, which locality was regarded by Ahl (1935) and by Wildekamp (1981, 2004) as the type locality of N. melanospilus, were described as N. prognathus.

" 91226472,Clarias intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLARIIDAE,Clarias,intermedius,,,,,"Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2001", 164506794,Microphilypnus macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Microphilypnus,macrostoma,,,,,"Myers, 1927",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

164506869,Microphilypnus ternetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Microphilypnus,ternetzi,,,,,"Myers, 1927",

There are no relevant taxonomic limitations.

164511576,Heterocharax leptogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Heterocharax,leptogrammus,,,,,"Toledo-Piza, 2000",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 164511588,Heterocharax virgulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Heterocharax,virgulatus,,,,,"Toledo-Piza, 2000",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 164511617,Hoplocharax goethei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Hoplocharax,goethei,,,,,"Géry, 1966",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 164536639,Scoloplax distolothrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SCOLOPLACIDAE,Scoloplax,distolothrix,,,,,"Schaefer, Weitzman & Britski, 1989", 164541116,Synbranchus lampreia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNBRANCHIFORMES,SYNBRANCHIDAE,Synbranchus,lampreia,,,,,"Favorito, Zanata & Assumpção, 2005",There are no relevant taxonomic limitations. 1793,Aonyx capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Aonyx,capensis,,,,,"(Schinz, 1821)","

Wozencraft (2005) regarded this species as conspecific with the congeneric Congo Clawless Otter (Aonyx congicus). The two are here retained as distinct species (see van Zyll de Jong 1972, Wozencraft 1993, Somers and Nel 2013). Coetzee (1977) recognised three subspecies A. c. capensis (including coombsi and angolae), from southern Africa, W Zambia, Angola, Gabon, Nigeria and throughout West Africa; A. c. hindei (including helios), from Uganda to E DR Congo as far south as N Zambia; and A. c. meneleki, from Ethiopia. Only one subspecies, A. c. capensis, has been recognised within the assessment region (Meester et al. 1986), reaching as far north as Zambia and Angola (Skinner and Chimimba 2005).

" 1794,Aonyx congicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Aonyx,congicus,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1910","

Allen (1924) and Davis (1978) treated A. capensis and A. congicus as being conspecific, arguing that they represent clinal variations of the same species. However, mainly based on tooth size and skin differences, Rosevear (1974), Van Zyll de Jong (1987), Wozencraft (1993), and Larivière (2001) considered A. capensis and A. congicus as separate species, but this remains debated, and Wozencraft (2005) did not retain A. congicus as a valid species, contrary to the opinion of the IUCN SSC Otter Specialist Group (www.otterspecialistgroup.org) (Jacques et al. 2009). The name Aonyx congica is often found in the literature but A. congicus is the correct spelling as Aonyx, from the Greek ‘onux’, is masculine (Van Bree et al. 1999).

" 7750,Enhydra lutris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Enhydra,lutris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Three regional subspecies originally described by Wilson et al. (1991) have been confirmed by Cronin et al. (1996): Enhydra lutris lutris (Linnaeus, 1758) from Japan in the southwest Pacific throughout the Asian range of the Kuril Islands to the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Commander Islands, E. l. kenyoni from the western Aleutian Islands to Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, along the Pacific coast of Canada and into Oregon state in the continental USA, and E. l. nereis (Merriam, 1904) from central to southern California, USA." 12302,Lontra canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lontra,canadensis,,,,,"(Schreber, 1777)","The scientific name North American river otter was formerly Lutra canadensis. Although Lutra may still occasionally be used in some common literature, Lontra is now the accepted genus name for the species (Van Zyll de Jong 1972, 1987; Kellnhauser 1983, Wozencraft 2005)." 12304,Lontra longicaudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lontra,longicaudis,,,,,"(Olfers, 1818)","

The taxonomy of the genus has been debated, but recent work supports the use of the name Lontra rather than Lutra for New World river otters (van Zyll de Jong 1982, Larivière and Walton 1998, Wozencraft 1993, Koepfli and Wayne 1998). Three proposed subspecies are suggested by their present disjunct distribution: L. longicaudis annectens, restricted to México, Central America and north-western South America; L. l. enudris, distributed across the Amazon region, from eastern Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru to north-western Bolivia and northern Brazil; and L. l. longicaudis, southern part of its distribution in South America (Larivière 1999, Trinca et al. 2012, Hernández-Romero et al. 2018).

" 12419,Lutra lutra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lutra,lutra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Twelve subspecies were recognised by Hung and Law (2016):
  1. Lutra lutra angustifrons in North Africa;
  2. Lutra lutra aurobrunneus in Garhwal Himalayas in northern India and higher altitudes in Nepal;
  3. Lutra lutra barang in southeast Asia (Thailand, Viet Nam, Indonesia and Sumatra);
  4. Lutra lutra chinensis in southern China and Taiwan;
  5. Lutra lutra hainana in Hainan Island, China;
  6. Lutra lutra kutab in northern India (Kashmir);
  7. Lutra lutra lutra is the most widely distributed, spanning from Portugal to South Korea;
  8. Lutra lutra meridionalis in from Georgia through Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran
  9. Lutra lutra monticolus in northern India (Punjab, Kumaon, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Assam) Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar;
  10. Lutra lutra nair in southern India and Sri Lanka;
  11. Lutra lutra seistanica in Afghanistan, Eastern Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan; and
  12. the Japanese subspecies, Lutra lutra whiteleyi, was considered a distinct species (L. nippon) by Suzuki et al. (1996).
" 12420,Hydrictis maculicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Hydrictis,maculicollis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1835)","

While this species was included in the genus Lutra by, amongst others, Koepfli and Wayne (1998), recent molecular research places it in the genus Hydrictis Pocock, 1921 (Koepfli et al. 2008, Sato et al. 2012), and has been included as such in d’Inzillo Carranza and Rowe-Rowe (2013). While five subspecies have been recognised from across the continent (Meester et al. 1986), of which H. m. maculicollis occurs within the assessment region (Skinner and Chimimba 2005), further research is needed to confirm the validity of these.

" 12421,Lutra sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lutra,sumatrana,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)","Lutra sumatrana was first described by Raffles in 1822 as Lutra barang; by Gray in 1865 as Barangia sumatrana; and Lutra lovii by Gunther 1876. Pohle (1919) identified three species L. sumatrana in Sumatra, Malay Penisula and Thailand, L. lovii and L. brunnea in Borneo. Pocock 1941 compiled three species to L. sumatrana including in Vietnam. Recent genetic studies have confirmed it as a single species related to Lutra lutra (Koepfli et al. 2008)." 12427,Lutrogale perspicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Lutrogale,perspicillata,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826)","The species was named as Lutra perspicillata by Geoffroy 1826 and as Lutrogale perspicillata by Gray 1865. Two subspecies were reported (Pocock 1941) (1) L. p. perspicillata - in northeast and southern India, Myanmar and Sumatra; and (2) L. p. sindica - in north and northwestern India and Pakistan. Another subspecies L. p. maxwelli, whose current status is uncertain, is reported from the marshes of southern Iraq (Mason and Macdonald 1986)." 18711,Pteronura brasiliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Pteronura,brasiliensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Two subspecies have been described (Duplaix 1980): (1) P. b. brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1788) from Suriname, the Guianas, southern Venezuela, southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil; (2) P. b. paranensis (Rengger, 1830) from the Paraguay and Parana rivers in Brazil, northern Argentina and Uruguay. However, this subspecific division was rejected by Carter and Rosas (1997) and described as being of “doubtful value” by Duplaix (1980).  Wozencraft (2005) treated subspecies paranensis as a synonym of a different subspecies P. b. paraguensis (Schinz, 1821). Subsequent mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analysis supports subdivision of the species into four evolutionary distinct units (ESUs). These comprise: (1) the Rio Madre de Dios with the Rio Madeira (2); the Pantanal (3) the Amazon with the Orinoco and Guianas drainages (4) The Itenez/Guapore basin (Garcia et al. 2007; Pickles et al. 2011, 2012)." 44166,Aonyx cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,MUSTELIDAE,Aonyx,cinereus,,,,,"(Illiger, 1815)","The spelling of the species epithet in Aonyx cinerea (Illiger, 1815) was incorrect; the genus name 'Aonyx' is masculine and hence the adjectival species name 'cinerea' should be changed to have a masculine ending. The species is now correctly named as A. cinereus (Illiger, 1815). Also referred to as Amblonyx cinereus (Illiger, 1815), Amblonyx concolor Rafinesque, 1832 and Amblonyx cinerea Pocock 1941. Two subspecies were reported (Pocock 1941) (1) A. c. concolor in northeast India, Myanmar extending to Sumatra and (2) A. c. nirnai in the hill ranges of southern India (Hussain et al. 2011)." 164453381,Leptobrachella namdongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,namdongensis,,,,,"Hoang, Nguyen, Luu, Nguyen & Jiang, 2019", 164450540,Leptobrachium tenasserimense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,tenasserimense,,,,,"Pawangkhanant, Poyarkov, Duong, Naiduangchan & Suwannapoom, 2018", 49830694,Poecilia caucana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,caucana,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)", 150124226,Cribroheros alfari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,alfari,,,,,"(Meek, 1907)", 150125013,Cribroheros altifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,altifrons,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 150125270,Cribroheros bussingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cribroheros,bussingi,,,,,"(Loiselle, 1997)", 162001763,Brachyrhaphis episcopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,episcopi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1878)", 162001783,Brachyrhaphis hessfeldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,hessfeldi,,,,,"Meyer & Etzel, 2001","

Recent phylogenetic evidence suggests that species-level recognition of B. hessfeldi is unwarranted, and that it may rather comprise a portion of the B. episcopi species complex (Ingley et al. 2015). Changes to the existing species concept will probably warrant reassessment.

" 162001789,Brachyrhaphis holdridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,holdridgei,,,,,"Bussing, 1967", 162001803,Brachyrhaphis olomina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,olomina,,,,,"(Meek, 1914)", 164691394,Brachyrhaphis punctifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,punctifer,,,,,"(Hubbs, 1926)", 164691400,Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,rhabdophora,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)","

Some authors consider B. olomina as junior synonym of B. rhabdophora, however morphological evidence (see Bussing 1998) supports the separation of both species. 

" 164691405,Brachyrhaphis roseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,roseni,,,,,"Bussing, 1988", 164691408,Brachyrhaphis terrabensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Brachyrhaphis,terrabensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1907)", 164691415,Carlhubbsia stuarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Carlhubbsia,stuarti,,,,,"Rosen & Bailey, 1959", 164691419,Gambusia luma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,luma,,,,,"Rosen & Bailey, 1963", 164691422,Gambusia nicaraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,nicaraguensis,,,,,"Günther, 1866", 164691427,Neoheterandria cana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Neoheterandria,cana,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 164691432,Neoheterandria tridentiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Neoheterandria,tridentiger,,,,,"(Garman, 1895)", 164691438,Phallichthys amates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phallichthys,amates,,,,,"(Miller, 1907)", 164691443,Phallichthys quadripunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phallichthys,quadripunctatus,,,,,"Bussing, 1979", 164691446,Phallichthys tico,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Phallichthys,tico,,,,,"Bussing, 1963", 164691452,Poecilia gillii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,gillii,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)","Poecilia gillii is one of nine species in the P. mexicana species complex. Additional studies exploring the distribution, ecological niches, and morphology of these species would provide additional support for their validity (Bagley et al. 2015)." 164691457,Poecilia hondurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,hondurensis,,,,,"Poeser, 2011", 164691460,Poecilia marcellinoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,marcellinoi,,,,,"Poeser, 1995",This species is one of four species within the Poecilia sphenops species complex (Bagley et al. 2015). 164691464,Poecilia rositae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,rositae,,,,,"Meyer, Schneider, Radda, Wilde & Schartl, 2004", 164691467,Poecilia salvatoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,salvatoris,,,,,"Regan, 1907","

A number of molecular studies have suggested that this species may be synonymous with the widely distributed P. mexicana (Bagley et al. 2015, Ho et al. 2016, Palacios et al. 2016, Sanchez et al. 2019). Current taxonomic understanding treats this species as distinct from P. mexicana, although additional research is needed to confirm the validity of this species (Fricke et al. 2020). 

" 164691475,Poeciliopsis retropinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,retropinna,,,,,"(Regan, 1908)", 125341119,Pseudoxiphophorus anzuetoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,anzuetoi,,,,,(Rosen & Bailey 1979), 125341177,Pseudoxiphophorus attenuatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,attenuatus,,,,,"(Rosen & Bailey, 1979)", 125341262,Pseudoxiphophorus cataractae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,cataractae,,,,,"(Rosen, 1979)", 125341281,Pseudoxiphophorus diremptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,diremptus,,,,,"(Rosen, 1979)", 125341338,Pseudoxiphophorus litoperas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,litoperas,,,,,"(Rosen & Bailey, 1979)", 125341465,Pseudoxiphophorus obliquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudoxiphophorus,obliquus,,,,,"(Rosen, 1979)", 125347429,Tlaloc portillorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Tlaloc,portillorum,,,,,"(Matamoros & Schaefer, 2010)", 164692153,Priapichthys annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapichthys,annectens,,,,,"(Regan, 1907)", 164692161,Priapichthys darienensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapichthys,darienensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 164692171,Priapichthys panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapichthys,panamensis,,,,,"Meek & Hildebrand, 1916", 164692174,Priapichthys puetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Priapichthys,puetzi,,,,,"Meyer & Etzel, 1996", 164692219,Scolichthys greenwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Scolichthys,greenwayi,,,,,"Rosen, 1967", 164692223,Scolichthys iota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Scolichthys,iota,,,,,"Rosen, 1967", 164692230,Xenophallus umbratilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xenophallus,umbratilis,,,,,"(Meek, 1912)", 164692238,Xiphophorus mayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,mayae,,,,,"Meyer & Schartl, 2002", 164692241,Xiphophorus signum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Xiphophorus,signum,,,,,"Rosen & Kallman, 1969", 164692249,Profundulus guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Profundulus,guatemalensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1866)", 164692254,Profundulus kreiseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,PROFUNDULIDAE,Profundulus,kreiseri,,,,,"Matamoros, Schaefer, Hernández & Chakrabarty, 2012", 164692295,Hiatirhaphis parismina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hiatirhaphis,parismina,,,,,"(Meek, 1912)",

Additional research is needed to determine the specific relationship between H. parismina and its close congener B. cascajelensis (Angulo et al. 2013).

49829559,Lasiancistrus caucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lasiancistrus,caucanus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49829674,Crossoloricaria variegata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Crossoloricaria,variegata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 49829796,Chaetostoma fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,fischeri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1879","Lujan et al. (2015) propose to limit the distribution of C. fischeri to populations in the Bayano and Chagres River drainages." 49829846,Dasyloricaria latiura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dasyloricaria,latiura,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Vance, 1912)", 49830240,Brachyhypopomus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Regan, 1914)", 164692575,Gobiesox potamius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,potamius,,,,,"Briggs, 1955", 164693697,Gymnotus cylindricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,cylindricus,,,,,"La Monte, 1935", 164693702,Gymnotus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,panamensis,,,,,"Albert & Crampton, 2003", 164693768,Heptapterus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Heptapterus,panamensis,,,,,"(Bussing, 1970)", 164693783,Rhamdia nicaraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdia,nicaraguensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 164693838,Ancistrus chagresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,chagresi,,,,,"Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889", 164694057,Hypostomus aspidolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,aspidolepis,,,,,"(Günther, 1867)", 164694120,Leptoancistrus canensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Leptoancistrus,canensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 164694148,Rineloricaria altipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,altipinnis,,,,,"(Breder, 1925)", 164694181,Rineloricaria uracantha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,uracantha,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 164694340,Sturisomatichthys citurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,citurensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 164694439,Sturisomatichthys dariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,dariensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 164694478,Sturisomatichthys panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisomatichthys,panamensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)", 164694511,Imparfinis lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,lineatus,,,,,"(Bussing, 1970)", 164694686,Pimelodus punctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,punctatus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 120689574,Trachylepis maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,maculata,,,,,"(Gray, 1839)","This species' validity has been uncertain for more than a century, with various authors suggesting the sole known specimen is synonymous with different South American, Caribbean or African species (summarized in Miralles et al. 2009).  The most recent treatment, by Miralles et al. (2009), confirmed that it is distinct from known Neotropical mabuyine skinks, but it remains possible that - if it is not from the Americas - it represents a known African species." 165001830,Cathetorhinus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Cathetorhinus,melanocephalus,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1844","Roux-Estève (1974) proposed synonymizing Cathetorhinus within Rhinotyphlops, but did not justify this assignment although V. Wallach (pers. comm. in Uetz 2019) suggests it may be correct. If, as proposed by Cheke (2010), the type locality of Cathetorhinus melaanocephalus is on Mauritius, this name is likely to be a senior synonym of the only native blindsnake known from Mauritius, Madatyphlops cairei. This author cautions, however, that it is ""not likely to be easy"" to demonstrate a connection between the two, as M. cairei is known only from subfossil remains from a site with poor DNA preservation and the C. melanorhinus holotype has been preserved in alcohol for more than 200 years." 191752,Poecilia petenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poecilia,petenensis,,,,,"Günther, 1866","

This species is often confused with Poecilia kykesis, which replaced Mollienesia petenensis to avoid homonymy with Poecilia petenensis (Poeser 2002).

" 165014363,Astyanax anai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,anai,,,,,"Angulo, Santos, López, Langeani & McMahan, 2018", 165014399,Atherinella hubbsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,hubbsi,,,,,"(Bussing, 1979)", 165014431,Atherinella sardina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,sardina,,,,,"(Meek, 1907)", 165014555,Amatitlania sajica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amatitlania,sajica,,,,,"(Bussing, 1974)", 165015032,Hyphessobrycon bussingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,bussingi,,,,,"Ota, Carvalho, & Pavanelli, 2020","

A revision of the Hyphessobrycon panamensis species group was made by Ota (2018) under the format of a PhD thesis; the results will be published soon (Ota et al. in press.).


In her dissertation and the unpublished paper, Ota et al. redescribes H. panamensis restricting it to rivers of western and central Panama (i.e., Agua Clara, Bejuco, Boqueron, Calovébora and Llano Sucio), describes the Costa Rican (and western Panamanian) population (Sixaola and San San River basins) as new, and extends the distribution of H. columbianus, previously only known from its type-locality (Acandí River basin, Colombia), to the province of San Blas, southeast Panama.

" 91311783,Parosphromenus deissneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Parosphromenus,deissneri,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1859)", 195089,Paralichthys patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,patagonicus,,,,,"Jordan, 1889", 195087,Paralichthys isosceles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,isosceles,,,,,"Jordan, 1891", 195088,Paralichthys orbignyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,orbignyanus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1839)","Many authors have considered this species to be a junior synonym of Paralichthys brasiliensis, a species that is often confused with; however, these species can be distinguished by meristic characteristics and both are currently accepted as separate nominal species (Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006)." 158621613,Paralichthys triocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Paralichthys,triocellatus,,,,,"Miranda Ribeiro, 1903", 195090,Xystreurys rasilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Xystreurys,rasilis,,,,,"(Jordan, 1891)", 42485036,Papuascincus buergersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Papuascincus,buergersi,,,,,"(Vogt, 1932)","Brown (1991) treated Papuascincus buergersi as a junior synonym of Emoia atrocostata on a ""preliminary"" basis, but without examining the types. This assignment is ""clearly"" not correct (G. Shea pers. comm. 2017 quoted in Uetz et al. 2021), and is not discussed by Slavenko et al. (2021) who treat this species as valid without comment." 165063016,Epictia unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epictia,unicolor,,,,,"(Werner, 1913)", 41310,Sylvilagus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,robustus,,,,,"(Bailey, 1905)","There are no recognized subspecies of Sylvilagus robustus (Hall 1981). Sylvilagus robustus was formerly considered a subspecies of S. floridanus, but has been shown to be an independent species (Ruedas 1998, Lee, Pfau and Ammerman 2010, Ruedas and Dowler 2018)." 142542759,Sylvilagus tapetillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,tapetillus,,,,,"Thomas, 1913","No subspecies. Only three specimens definitively identified as Sylvilagus tapetillus exist. The Rio de Janeiro Dwarf Cottontail was originally described as an independent species, and later subsumed as a subspecies of the Tapetí (S. brasiliensis). Recently, on the basis of a comprehensive morphological evaluation, cytochrome-B data, and karyotypic attributes, it was classified as independent and removed from synonymy from brasiliensis (Bonvicino et al. 2015, Ruedas et al. 2017)." 142642715,Sylvilagus sanctaemartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,sanctaemartae,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1950","Sylvilagus sanctaemartae was recently removed from synonymy from S. brasiliensis (Ruedas 2017, Ruedas et al. 2017)." 142541491,Sylvilagus andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,andinus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)","Sylvilagus andinus was originally described as an independent species, and later subsumed as a subspecies of S. brasiliensis. Historically it has gone back and forth between these two assessments, but recently was classified as independent and removed from synonymy from brasiliensis (Ruedas et al. 2017). However, its taxonomic and geographic boundaries remain nebulous. It may include as many as 15 subspecies in what could be called a “polytypic S. andinus group”: S. capsalis, S. kelloggi, S. a. carchensis, S. a. chotanus, S. chillae, S. andinus, S. a. canarius, S. a. chimbanus, S. nivicola, S. salentus, S. fulvescens, S. apollinaris, S. purgatus, S. nicefori, and S. meridensis. The taxon purgatus may not belong in this assemblage (Ruedas and Smith 2018)." 41309,Sylvilagus cognatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Sylvilagus,cognatus,,,,,"Nelson, 1907","There are no recognized subspecies of Sylvilagus cognatus, which was formerly included as a subspecies of S. floridanus (Hall 1981)." 11499,Lenothrix canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lenothrix,canus,,,,,"Miller, 1903", 136781,Crocidura hutanis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,hutanis,,,,,"Ruedi & Vogel, 1995","This species along is thought to be parapatric with respect to C. becarii. Altitudinal segregation exists between the two species, with this species occurring at lower elevations, but the extent of any overlap is not known (Ruedi 1995)." 19353,Rattus norvegicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,norvegicus,,,,,"(Berkenhout, 1769)", 178381,Phyllodactylus clinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,clinatus,,,,,"Dixon & Huey, 1970", 178738,Phyllodactylus interandinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,interandinus,,,,,"Dixon & Huey, 1970", 62075,Kedestes barberae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,barberae,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 62079,Aloeides trimeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,trimeni,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1973", 62099,Iolaus diametra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,diametra,,,,,"(Karsch, 1895)","This butterfly is made up of the four subspecies Iolaus diametra diametra, I. diametra congco (formerly referred to as I. diametra littoralis), I. diametra natalica and I. d. zanzibarensis. A previous assessment referred to three named subspecies (excluding I. d. zanzibarensis), but the assessment did explicitly also refer to a subspecies restricted to Zanzibar. As this is the only subspecies to be restricted to Zanzibar, then it is deemed that there has been no change in taxonomic concept between assessments." 62100,Lepidochrysops jamesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,jamesi,,,,,"Swanepoel, 1971", 62102,Lepidochrysops methymna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,methymna,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 62108,Ornipholidotos peucetia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ornipholidotos,peucetia,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1866)","This species occurs in three subspecies, the nominate, ssp. peuceda and ssp. penningtoni." 62124,Tuxentius melaena,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tuxentius,melaena,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 62127,Charaxes druceanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,druceanus,,,,,"Butler, 1869", 62131,Charaxes xiphares,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,xiphares,,,,,"(Stoll, [1781])", 62133,Cymothoe alcimeda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cymothoe,alcimeda,,,,,"(Godart, [1824])", 159854,Charaxes guderiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,guderiana,,,,,"(Dewitz, 1879)","This butterfly has the two subspecies C. guderiana ssp. guderiana and C. g. ssp. rabaiensis. " 159946,Eurema brigitta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Eurema,brigitta,,,,,"(Stoll, [1780])",A large number of subspecies are described for this extremely widespread butterfly. 159960,Precis octavia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Precis,octavia,,,,,"(Cramer, [1777])","This butterfly has two subspecies called Precis octavia ssp. octavia and P. octavia ssp. sesamus." 160298,Bicyclus anynana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bicyclus,anynana,,,,,"(Butler, 1879)","

This butterfly is separated into the three subspecies, Bicyclus anynana ssp. anynana, B. a. ssp. centralis and B. a. ssp. socotrana.

" 185242556,Protogoniomorpha anacardii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Protogoniomorpha,anacardii,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","A previous assessment of this species included four subspecies: Protogoniomorpha anacardii ssp. anacardii, P. anacardii ssp. ansorgei, P. anacardii ssp. duprei and P. anacardii ssp. nebulosa. P. anacardii ssp. duprei has since been split as a separate species (see Williams 2020)." 160317,Amauris echeria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Amauris,echeria,,,,,"(Stoll, [1790])","

This butterfly has 18 subspecies: Amauris echeria echeria, A. echeria abessinica, A. echeria chyuluensis, A. echeria contracta, A. echeria fernandina, A. echeria jacksoni, A. echeria katangae, A. echeria kikuyu, A. echeria lobengula, A. echeria meruensis, A. echeria mongallensis, A. echeria mpala, A. echeria occidentalis, A. echeria septentrionis, A. echeria serica, A. echeria steckeri, A. echeria terrena and A. echeria whytei. Potentially only thirteen of these subspecies may be considered valid (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2008).

" 160552,Heteropsis perspicua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Heteropsis,perspicua,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)","This species has the two subspecies Heteropsis perspicua ssp. perspicua and H. p. ssp. camerounica." 183367509,Anthene otacilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,otacilia,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161294,Junonia oenone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,oenone,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Two putative subspecies have been proposed for this butterfly: Junonia oenone ssp. oenone and J. o. ssp. epiclelia." 174374,Borbo borbonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Borbo,borbonica,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)", 174306,Colotis evagore,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,evagore,,,,,"(Klug, 1829)", 174455,Danaus chrysippus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Danaus,chrysippus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 174447,Gegenes pumilio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Gegenes,pumilio,,,,,"(Hoffmannsegg, 1804)", 159898,Junonia hierta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,hierta,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","This butterfly has the three subspecies J. h. ssp. hierta, J. hierta ssp. cebrene and J. hierta ssp. paris." 62148749,Junonia orithya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,orithya,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 174451,Ypthima asterope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Ypthima,asterope,,,,,"(Klug, 1832)", 174464,Zizeeria knysna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Zizeeria,knysna,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862) ", 58219,Amolops longimanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,longimanus,,,,,"(Andersson, 1939)", 162001744,Hiatirhaphis cascajalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Hiatirhaphis,cascajalensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 149252092,Astroblepus pirrense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,pirrense,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)", 165529539,Trichomycterus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,striatus,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)","

This species was recently redescribed, wherein range was redefined to extend southward to eastern Panamanian drainages (Angulo et al. 2018). Previously included subpopulations in Colombian drainages require further examination to confirm that they do not belong to Trichomycterus striatus (Angulo et al. 2018).

" 149286221,Nothophryne unilurio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Nothophryne,unilurio,,,,,"Conradie, Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Loader, Menegon & Tolley, 2018",No notable taxonomical issues. 58661,Hylarana margariana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Hylarana,margariana,,,,,"Anderson, 1879",This species may belong in another genus - either Hydrophylax or Indosylvirana - but further research is required (Oliver et al. 2015). 59607,Ichthyophis acuminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,acuminatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1960",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 89256637,Tylototriton himalayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,himalayanus,,,,,"Khatiwada, Wang, Ghimire, Vasudevan, Paudel, & Jiang, 2015", 122914337,Oarisma powesheik,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Oarisma,powesheik,,,,,"(Parker, 1870)","The Powesheik skipperling was first described by Parker in 1870. While the species was named for Poweshiek county, the Iowan county in which it was originally found, Parker mistakenly spelled it Powesheik in his original description. In 1981, Miller and Brown used a corrected spelling in A catalogue/checklist of the butterflies of America, north of Mexico (p. 31). According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [rule 32(c)ii], the spelling can be corrected since it was a case of an original incorrect spelling. Use remains mixed, with some authorities using the corrected spelling and others retaining Parker's original spelling." 15573,Oryx gazella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Oryx,gazella,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Previously regarded as a single species, Gemsbok (O. gazella) and Beisa Oryx (O. beisa), from East Africa, are now considered distinct species based on taxonomic results revealing high (40%) genetic divergence between haplotypes (Osmers et al. 2012), morphology and geographic distribution (Grubb 2005). Osmers et al. (2012) do, however, recommend further molecular investigations into the genetics of the species to confirm their results. Currently, no subspecies have been identified within the assessment region." 18597,Pseudoryx nghetinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Pseudoryx,nghetinhensis,,,,,"Dung, Giao, Chinh, Touc, Arctander & MacKinnon, 1993","This species is in a highly distinctive monotypic genus with uncertain affinities within the Bovidae (Gatesy and Arctander 2000, R.J. Timmins pers. comm. 2006)." 22054,Tragelaphus strepsiceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Tragelaphus,strepsiceros,,,,,"(Pallas, 1766)","Based on the number of pale transverse stripes on the body (Haltenorth 1963), four African subspecies of Tragelaphus strepsiceros have been recorded (Ansell 1972); although only T. s. strepsiceros is present in southern Africa (Skinner & Chimimba 2005)." 19709,Rhynchocyon cirnei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,MACROSCELIDEA,MACROSCELIDIDAE,Rhynchocyon,cirnei,,,,,"Peters, 1847","In the past the single family was included in the order Insectivora, but now the family is in the monophyletic order Macroscelidea and the newly created super-cohort Afrotheria. Currently, there are 19 living species recognized in four genera. The soft-furred sengis or elephant-shrews include three genera: Petrodromus is monospecific, Macroscelides has three species, and Elephantulus contains 11 species. The four species of giant sengis belong to the genus Rhynchocyon. The common name ""sengi"" is being used in place of elephant-shrew by many biologists to try and disassociate the Macroscelidea from the true shrews (family Soricidae) in the order Soricomorpha. See the Afrotheria Specialist Group web site and www.sengis.org for additional information." 16890,Phascogale tapoatafa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Phascogale,tapoatafa,,,,,"(Meyer, 1793)","

The taxonomy of Phascogale tapoatafa is unresolved. It was long considered a single, widely distributed species (Ride 1970). Based on morphological analysis, Rhind et al. (2001) proposed three subspecies: P. t. tapoatafa from south-eastern Australia, P. t. pirata from northern Australia (Kimberley and Northern Territory) and an unnamed subspecies from south-western Australia. Using genetic analyses, Spencer et al. (2001) proposed that Phascogale comprised four distinct lineages: the three groups mentioned above plus P. calura, and inferred that the three taxa within P. tapoatafa be recognised as full species. Later, Soderquist and Rhind (2008) recognised the Northern Territory, but not the Kimberley, population as P. pirata, labelling the Kimberley population as an undescribed subspecies; however no analyses supporting this taxonomy have been published. In this Action Plan, we have followed this taxonomy. M. Westerman et al. (pers. comm.) have unpublished genetic data supporting the separation of P. pirata from P. tapoatafa, but have been unable to obtain samples from Kimberley animals. As currently recognised, there are three subspecies:

P. t. tapoatafa is Near Threatened;

P. t. (south-western Australia) is Near Threatened;

P. t. (Kimberley) is Endangered.

" 20297,Sminthopsis leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DASYUROMORPHIA,DASYURIDAE,Sminthopsis,leucopus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)", 16892,Phascolarctos cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PHASCOLARCTIDAE,Phascolarctos,cinereus,,,,,"(Goldfuss, 1817)", 18102,Potorous longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Potorous,longipes,,,,,"Seebeck & Johnston, 1980", 41511,Potorous tridactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,POTOROIDAE,Potorous,tridactylus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 40579,Petauroides volans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE,Petauroides,volans,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)", 136494,Sturnira oporaphilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Sturnira,oporaphilum,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)",Often confused with bogotensis (Simmons 2005). 17568,Platyrrhinus chocoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Platyrrhinus,chocoensis,,,,,"Alberico & Velasco, 1991", 12436,Lycaon pictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Lycaon,pictus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)","Temminck originally described the African Wild Dog (hereafter Wild Dog) in 1820 from a specimen collected in coastal Mozambique, which was originally thought to be species of hyaena and was classified as Hyena picta (Creel & Creel 2002). Later, in 1930, it was placed in the subfamily Canidae (Creel & Creel 2002) and today, Wild Dogs belong to the family Canidae. DNA sequencing suggests that Wild Dogs are phylogenetically distinct from other wolf-like canids (such as wolves and jackals) (Creel & Creel 2002). Thus, they are considered to be a monotypic genus where they are the only remaining representatives of the genus Lycaon (Mills et al 1998; Creel & Creel 2002)." 84462869,Megaloglossus woermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Megaloglossus,woermanni,,,,,"Pagenstecher, 1885","Based on a recent taxonomic split, the Central African populations of Megaloglossus woermanni are now recognized as a distinct species and distinguished from the newly established West African species M. azagnyi (Nesi et al. 2013). The study used molecular and morphological data which revealed high genetic differences that clearly support the species split, even though the two species show high morphological similarity, with M. woermanni being slightly larger. The limits of the distribution of M. woermanni are currently not known, and it is not clear if it occurs in sympatry with M. azagnyi. Molecular data of individuals from Benin and Nigeria is required to allocate exact species boundaries." 12273,Lonchorhina orinocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchorhina,orinocensis,,,,,"Linares & Ojasti, 1971", 21463,Taphozous perforatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,perforatus,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1818","Meester et al. (1986) recognised three subspecies, including the nominate subspecies (Taphozous perforatus perforatus) from Egypt (where this species was initially described), T. p. sudani Thomas, 1915 from Sudan, and T. p. haedinus Thomas, 1915 from Kenya. However, it remains uncertain how the geographically isolated southern African population (named T. p. rhodesiae, and described from the Shashi-Limpopo confluence; Harrison 1964) is related to these subspecies (Monadjem et al. 2010). T. p. rhodesiae was originally recognised as a subspecies of T. sudani (T. sudani australis), which was previously identified as a distinct species from T. perforatus (ACR 2015)." 7909,Epomops franqueti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Epomops,franqueti,,,,,"(Tomes, 1860)",Mickelburgh et al. (1992) noted that two sub species (Epomops f. franqueti and E. f. strepitans) had been described but observed that Bergmans (1989) found these to be poorly differentiated and synonymized them. Simmons (2005) in Wilson and Reeder (2005) therefore also does not recognize the sub species for this taxon. 7932,Eptesicus innoxius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,innoxius,,,,,"(Gervais, 1841)", 13402,Micropteropus pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Micropteropus,pusillus,,,,,"(Peters, 1868)", 13217,Mesocapromys nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CAPROMYIDAE,Mesocapromys,nanus,,,,,"(G.M. Allen, 1917)",Generic synonym = Capromys. 2354,Atherurus macrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Atherurus,macrourus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 41449,Scutisorex somereni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Scutisorex,somereni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1910)",May be taxonomic issues. 13143,Melursus ursinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Melursus,ursinus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1791)","

This species was initially classified in the genus Bradypus, as it was thought that it was related to South American sloths, due to the absence of the two first upper incisors. Debate persists as to whether this species should be in the mono-specific genus Melursus, or in Ursus (Pagès et al. 2008, Krause et al. 2008, Kitchener 2010).

Two subspecies have been recognized. There is some evidence that they are distinct genetic clades (Fain et al. 1994). Melursus ursinus inornatus only occurs on the island of Sri Lanka and is physically smaller with shorter and sparser hair than its mainland (M. u. ursinus) counterpart.

The principal colour phase is black, with a white or cream/yellow crescent on the chest. Rusty brown phases are also known. The species is often confused with the Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus), due to similar appearance.

" 7951,Equus hemionus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PERISSODACTYLA,EQUIDAE,Equus,hemionus,,,,,"Pallas, 1775","There are currently five generally recognized subspecies:
  1. Equus hemionus hemionus - the Mongolian khulan (in northern Mongolia) (E. h. luteus - the Gobi khulan or dziggetai in southern Mongolia and northern China, is probably a synonym of E. h. hemionus (Oakenfull et al. 2000, Grubb 2005, Kaczensky et al. 2011a)
  2. E. h. khur – the khur (India)
  3. E. h. kulan – the Turkmen kulan (in Turkmenistan, re-introduced in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine and mixed E. h. kulan x E. h. onager in Israel)
  4. E. h. onager - the onager (Iran and re-introduced and mixed E. h. kulan x E. h. onager in Israel)
  5. E. h. hemippus – the Syrian wild ass (Extinct, formerly from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea south into the Arabian Peninsula)
However, the taxonomic arrangement of equids is quite complicated and modern (particularly genetic) analyses may result in future changes or clarifications (Oakenfull and Ryder 2002).

Recent genetic analysis of archaeological, historical and modern samples indeed suggest that there is only one species of Asiatic Wild Ass (Bennett et al. 2012, Bennett et al. in prep., assigning the modern Equus hemionus and Equus kiang as well as Equus hydruntinus which went extinct during the Holocene (Crees and Turvey 2014) to the same species), which is subdivided into regional subpopulations rather than subspecies. Comparative analysis of modern samples of Equus hemionus from Iran (E. h. onager) and China (E. h. hemionus) and Equus kiang also did not support monophyly (Rosenbom et al. 2015). However, this Red List assessment does not include Equus kiang and did not attempt to include semi-reserves where Equus hemionus was reintroduced in central or western Europe – the former distribution range of Equus hydruntinus." 2613,Bassariscus sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Bassariscus,sumichrasti,,,,,"(Saussure, 1860)", 45953979,Apomys magnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apomys,magnus,,,,,"Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Alviola, Duya, Duya, Veluz, VandeVrede & Steppan, 2011", 45954378,Myosorex jejei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Myosorex,jejei,,,,,"Peterhans, Hutterer, Mwanga, Ndara, Davenport, Karhagomba & Udelhoven, 2010", 45958508,Maxomys tajuddinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Maxomys,tajuddinii,,,,,"Achmadi, Maryanto & Maharadatunkamsi, 2012", 48637280,Bassaricyon neblina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Bassaricyon,neblina,,,,,"Helgen, Pinto, Kays, Helgen, Tsuchiya, Quinn, Wilson & Maldonado, 2013","

The genus Bassaricyon was revised by Helgen et al. (2013), who noted that this species lacked any available name, although individuals in the pavt had been misidentified as B. alleni. Four subspecies have been identified; B. n. herzhkovitzi, B. n. neblina, B. n. osborni and B. n ruber.

" 48637802,Bassaricyon medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,PROCYONIDAE,Bassaricyon,medius,,,,,"Thomas, 1909","

The genus Bassaricyon was revised by Helgen et al. (2013), who recognised two subspecies of B. medius: B. m. medius and B. m. orinomus.

" 4139,Cephalophus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Cephalophus,dorsalis,,,,,"Gray, 1846","Two subspecies have been named: C. d. dorsalis in West Africa from Guinea-Bissau to Togo and C. d. castaneus from east of the Niger river in Nigeria through Central Africa to the Albertine Rift and south to northern Angola (Kingdon and Feer 2013). These forms are based on body size and pelage features, though Grubb and Groves (2001) note considerable variation in C. d. castaneus." 51222063,Caenolestes sangay,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PAUCITUBERCULATA,CAENOLESTIDAE,Caenolestes,sangay,,,,,"Ojala-Barbour, Pinto, Brito M., Albuja V., Lee Jr. & Patterson, 2013", 45957342,Margaretamys christinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Margaretamys,christinae,,,,,"Mortelliti, Castiglia, Amori, Maryanto & Musser, 2012","Margaretamys christinae is the fourth species from the genus to be identified (M. beccarii, M. elegans and M. parvus) (Mortelliti et al. 2012). Margaretamys is a member of the Dacnomys division of Murinae (Pagès et al. 2016)." 84463728,Myonycteris leptodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Myonycteris,leptodon,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1908","Nesi et al. (2013) recently elevated the taxon Myonycteris leptodon to species rank. This species was originally described by Anderson (1908), but synonymised with Myonytceris torquata by Bergmans (1976) and has remained in synonymy since then (e.g. Simmons 2005). However, recent molecular analyses have shown that M. leptodon from West Africa differs by 4.8-6.6% in its Cytochrome_b sequence from M. torquata from Central Africa (Nesi et al. 2013). The two species are morphologically similar, but their distributions appear to be non-overlapping." 85289876,Nyctophilus shirleyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,shirleyae,,,,,"Parnaby, 2009", 88149174,Lophostoma occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lophostoma,occidentalis,,,,,"(Davis and Carter, 1978)","Previously this was assessed as the subspecies Lophostoma silvicolum occidentalis. But according to Velazco and Cadenillas (2011), the congruence between the morphological and molecular variation support the recognition of L. occidentalis as a valid species and the consideration of L. aequatorialis as a junior synonym of L. occidentalis." 95740145,Lutreolina massoia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Lutreolina,massoia,,,,,"Martínez-Lanfranco, Flores, Jayat & D'Elía, 2014","This species has been recently described by Martínez-Lanfranco et al. (2014), based on genetic and morphologic characters, which clearly separate the species from the commonly known, and more wide-spread Lutreolina crassicaudata. Lutreolina massoia is smaller in size than L. crassicaudata, both externally and for craniodental characters.
" 19757,Rousettus obliviosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Rousettus,obliviosus,,,,,"Kock, 1978","

Rousettus obliviosus was previously considered to be a subspecies of R. madagascariensis (e.g., Peterson et al. 1995), but the two forms have been shown to be distinct species (Kock 1978, Goodman et al. 2010a).

" 111873049,Tupaia hypochrysa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,hypochrysa,,,,,"(Thomas, 1895)","Tupaia ferruginea hypochrysa was originally described  by Thomas (1895), but was later elevated to T. hypochrysa by Lyon (1913), who included it with T. chrysogaster in his ‘Hypochrysa Group’. Chasen (1940) synonymised T. hypochrysa with T. glis, a decision followed in subsequent classifications (Honacki et al. 1982, Wilson 1993, Helgen 2005). It has been recently resurrected as T. hypochrysa from Java (Sargis et al. 2013)." 111873543,Tupaia ferruginea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,SCANDENTIA,TUPAIIDAE,Tupaia,ferruginea,,,,,"Raffles, 1821","

Described as Tupaia ferruginea Raffles (1821), from Bencoolen, Sumatra. Considered a subspecies of T. glis by Lyon (1913). This taxon generally remains in synonymy with T. glis (Chasen 1940, Corbet and Hill 1992, Helgen 2005, Honacki et al. 1982, Wilson 1993). T. ferruginea is now recognised as a distinct species restricted to Sumatra and Tanahbala (Sargis et al. 2013, Sargis et al. 2014).

" 22824,Ursus thibetanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,URSIDAE,Ursus,thibetanus,,,,,"G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1823","

Seven subspecies have been recognized, many of which have been corroborated as distinct genetic clades (Kim et al. 2011, Yusefi 2013, Wu et al. 2015).

This species was previously included in the genus Selenarctos (meaning moon bear). The principal colour phase is black, with a white or cream/yellow “crescent moon” on the chest. Rare brown phases are also known, and a rare blond colour phase was discovered in Cambodia, Thailand, and Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Galbreath et al. 2000). One case of a wild Asiatic Black Bear–Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) hybrid has been reported in Cambodia (Galbreath et al. 2008).

" 3334,Buprestis splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BUPRESTIDAE,Buprestis,splendens,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775","This species was included in the subgenus Stereosa Casey, 1909 (Verdugo 2005) but more recently, it was changed to the subgenus Cypriacis Casey, 1909 (Kubán 2006)." 80374108,Aphistogoniulus sakalava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPIROBOLIDA,PACHYBOLIDAE,Aphistogoniulus,sakalava,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 194102,Cyrtodactylus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,nebulosus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1870)","Cyrtodactylus nebulosus was described by Beddome in 1870 as Gymnodactylus nebulosus based on type specimen collected from Golkonda Hill, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh (Smith 1935). " 171442,Oxychilus mercadali,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,mercadali,,,,,"Gasull, 1970", 118355648,Hoolock tianxing,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Hoolock,tianxing,,,,,"Fan, He, Chen, Ortiz, Zhang, Zhao, Lio, Zhang, Kimock, Wang, Groves, Turvey, Roos, Helgen & Jiang, 2017","This taxon is monotypic; it was formerly considered a population of H. leuconedys. The previous generic name, Bunopithecus, was changed by Mootnick and Groves (2005) to Hoolock (Haimoff  1984)." 112300360,Prosciurillus alstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Prosciurillus,alstoni,,,,,"(Anderson, 1879)","Prosciurillus alstoni is a member of a species group that includes P. leucomus, P. weberi, P. topapuensis, and P. rosenbergii, all endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands (Musser et al. 2016). On mainland Sulawesi, P. leucomus, P. alstoni, P. weberi, and P. topapuensis have allopatric ranges relative to each other." 18257,Piliocolobus tholloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,tholloni,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1886)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Piliocolobus tholloni was treated as a subspecies of Procolobus pennanti [sic] by Gautier-Hion et al. (1999). Grubb et al. (2013) and Struhsaker and Grubb (2013), on the other hand, considered it a subspecies of P. rufomitratus. Groves (2001, 2005, 2007), Groves and Ting (2013). Kingdon (2015) treated tholloni as a distinct species.

" 18255,Piliocolobus oustaleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,oustaleti,,,,,"(Trouessart, 1906)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Colyn (1991) and Groves (2007) suggested that oustaleti is one of between three (Groves 2007) and five (Colyn 1991) forms contributing to what is commonly regarded as a hybrid population of red colobus that occurs immediately to the south of the range of P. oustaleti and extends to the southern forest – savanna ecotone in eastern DRC, at about 4°S. Groves (2007) referred this intergraded taxon as “ellioti”.

As its synonyms indicate, this population of red colobus monkeys has been classified under a number of different names, sometimes regarded as a species, a subspecies, or just as a local population of a subspecies. In the last edition of the Red List, it was treated as a subspecies of P. rufomitratus, which included the subspecies rufomitratus, semlikiensis, foai, langi, oustaleti, parmentieri, tephrosceles and tholloni. Struhsaker and Grubb (2013) continue to place it as a subspecies of rufomitratus, along with ellioti, foai. langi, lulindicus, parmentieri, tephrosceles and tholloni.

Kingdon (1997), following Colyn (1991), treated oustaleti as the Central African Red Colobus, with parmentieri, foai, langi, lulindicus, ellioti, semlikiensis and tephrosceles as subspecies. Kingdon (2015) maintained the same classification, expect that he placed semilikiensis as a synonym of ellioti.

Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) regarded P. oustaleti as a complex of six forms, three west of the Ubangui (P. oustaleti sensu stricto with synonyms umbrinus Matschie, and nigrimanus Trouessart, and an undescribed form from the vicinity of the Lobaye River, a tributary of the lower Ubangui, Central African Republic) and three to the east (shubotzi Matschie, powelli Matschie, and brunneus Lönnberg with synonym multicolor Lorenz). Piliocolobus oustaleti is known to be highly variable in coat colour (Colyn 1993, Struhsaker 2010, Struhsaker and Grubb 2013). Ting (2008) found considerable mitochondrial genetic diversity among populations included within P. oustaleti sensu lato and suggested that either oustaleti might consist of numerous taxa, or that there have been past introgressions of mitochondrial lineages between neighbouring forms.

Grubb et al. (2003) considered oustaleti as a subspecies but did not assign it to species. Its synonyms included brunneus Lönnberg, powelli Matschie, nigrimanus Trouessart, and schubotzi Matschie. 

Groves (2007) treated oustaleti as a monotypic species, but with four “types”: 1) a dark brown type (oustaleti, powelli and, most extreme, umbrinus and schubotzi); 2) a raw sienna type in the Ubangui/Lobaye basins in the Central African Republic (unnamed and possibly the unnamed form mentioned by Gautier-Hion et al. 1999); 3) a brownish-fawn type from the Uele gallery forest region in DRC (brunneus) in the east; and 4) a red type (nigrimanus in the west. Groves (2001) placed oustaleti as a subspecies of foai, but also mentioning the four types as described in his 2007 revision.

For the purpose of this assessment, we follow Groves (2007) in treating this evidently diverse taxon as a single taxonomic entity. However, we recognise that the taxonomic status of this form remains fluid (Struhsaker 2010).

" 136939,Piliocolobus rufomitratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,rufomitratus,,,,,"(Peters, 1879)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Groves (2001, 2005, 2007), Grubb et al. (2003) and Kingdon (2015) treated rufomitratus as a monotypic species. Considering vocalisations and pelage colour patterns, however, Grubb et al. (2013) noted that tephrosceles, ellioti (semlikiensis a synonym), oustaleti, langi, lulindicus, foai, parmentieri and tholloni were similar, if isolated, forms, and placed them all as subspecies of rufomitratus. Excepting lulindicus (a synonym of foai) and ellioti (possibly a three-way hybrid swarm), Groves (2007) treated all, including semlikiensis, as species.

" 92466239,Cercopithecus wolfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,wolfi,,,,,"Meyer, 1891","

Grubb et al. (2003) treated Cercopithecus wolfi as one of seven subspecies of C. pogonias: pogonias, nigripes, grayi, denti, wolfi, elegans and pyrogaster. The 2008 IUCN Red List followed this taxonomy and assessed C. wolfi as the subspecies C. pogonias wolfi. Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) considered C. wolfi as a distinct species and included denti, elegans and pyrogaster as subspecies of C. wolfi. Groves (2001, 2005), Gautier-Hion (2013), Healy (2013) and Kingdon (2015) treated C. denti and C. wolfi as distinct species with wolfi, elegans and pyrogaster as subspecies of the latter.

In Guschanski et al.’s (2013) phylogenetic study of mitochondrial DNA, wolfi and elegans were most closely related with minimal divergence, and pyrogaster was the sister taxon to the elegans and wolfi clade. Likewise, in a recent phylogenetic study of the Y-chromosome’s TSPY gene (~900 base pair fragment) elegans and wolfi had the same Y-DNA haplotype, suggesting a common, recent ancestry (Leroy 2016). Thus, the genetic evidence supports elegans as a subspecies of wolfi and not a sister taxon to denti, as suggested by Sarmiento and Kingdon (2013).

Recent fieldwork indicates that C. w. elegans forms a cline in pelage coloration, with the palest forms occurring at the southern limits of the range in the forest-savanna ecotone, and the more brightly coloured forms, approaching colouration of the nominate subspecies, to the north and west (Colyn 1988, Niehoff 2016).

The 2016 assessment follows the recent consensus to elevate wolfi to species level and to recognise the three subspecies C. wolfi wolfi, C. w. elegans and C. w. pyrogaster.

" 45954370,Cryptotis oreoryctes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Cryptotis,oreoryctes,,,,,"Woodman, 2011", 136819,Hipposideros khaokhouayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,khaokhouayensis,,,,,"Guillén-Servent & Francis, 2006",This new species is a member of the Hipposideros bicolor group. 40648,Piliocolobus parmentieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,parmentieri,,,,,"(Colyn & Verheyen, 1987)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Piliocolobus parmentieri is little known, and its classification is inconsistent due to the significant complexity and debate in the taxonomy of red colobus monkeys (Groves 2001, Grubb et al. 2003, Struhsaker 2010, Grubb et al. 2013). Colyn and Verheyen (1987) noted that parmentieri differed strongly from tholloni and placed it as a subspecies of the polytypic rufomitratus. Colyn (1991) considered the Lomami Red Colobus to have a stable phenotype, supporting a distinct taxonomic status for the population. Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) treated it as a subspecies of Procolobus pennanti [sic]. Struhsaker and Grubb (2013) on the other hand identified it as one of nine subspecies of rufomitratus: foai, langi, oustaleti, parmentieri, tephrosceles, lulindicus, ellioti (semlikiensis a synonym), and tholloni. Groves and Ting (2013) elevated seven of the nine rufomitratus subspecies to distinct species; the subspecies ellioti and lulindicus were not recognised as distinct taxa. Kingdon (2015) treated it as a subspecies of oustaleti, along with foai, langi, lulindicus, elliotiand tephrosceles. Groves (2001, 2005) treated it as a subspecies of foai, along with ellioti, oustaleti, and semlikiensis, but in his 2007 review of the taxonomy of the African colobines he classified it as a separate species. The current assessment follows Groves (2007) in recognising parmentieri as a distinct species.

Gautier-Hion et al. (1999), Groves (2001, 2005) and Kingdon (2015) altered the epithet to the plural—parmentierorum, but Groves (2007) argued that it was possible (and more expedient) to maintain parmentieri.

" 18261,Piliocolobus langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,langi,,,,,"(J.A. Allen, 1925)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Red Colobus).

The taxonomy of this form is complicated and not fully resolved. Piliocolobus langi was treated as a subspecies of Procolobus pennanti [sic] by Gautier-Hion et al. (1999). Kingdon (2015) considered it to be subspecific to Piliocolobus oustaleti. Colyn (1991) suggested that P. langi and P. semlikiensis (which he referred to as a subspecies of Colobus badius) of the eastern Congo Basin were major contributors to a population of polymorphic red colobus that he characterised as a large zone of intergradation between the ranges of the two taxa. Groves (2007) recognised langi and semlikiensis as valid species, and assigned the name “ellioti” to what he referred to as a three-way hybrid swarm between semlikiensis, langi and oustaleti, bound in the north by the Aruwimi River (with populations of P. oustaleti ranging north of that) and to the west by P. langi and east by P. semlikiensis, without apparent barriers to dispersal separating them. Genetic surveys to determine the origins and composition of red colobus populations over this zone of intergradation, and their relation to the proposed parental forms, have not been conducted. Based on mitochondrial DNA analysis, Ting (2008) suggested that, P. langi should be considered a subspecies of P. rufomitratus, along with (among others) the forms tholloni, oustaleti, parmentieri, foai and ellioti (which he treated as the senior synonym for semlikiensis). This classification is also largely accepted by Struhsaker and Grubb (2013), who stated that P[rocolobus]. r[ufomitratus]. ellioti “probably represents a large hybrid swarm involving langi and semlikiensis”. While we use Groves’ (2007) nomenclature here, we recognise that the taxonomic status of this form is not well settled.

" 13572,Miopithecus talapoin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Miopithecus,talapoin,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)", 865,Allenopithecus nigroviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Allenopithecus,nigroviridis,,,,,"(Pocock, 1907)", 12309,Lophocebus albigena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Lophocebus,albigena,,,,,"(Gray, 1850)","While Grubb et al. (2003) did not list any subspecies of Lophocebus albigena, Groves (2001, 2005), building on his earlier work (Groves 1978) recognized three subspecies: L. a. albigena, L. a. johnstoni and L. a. osmani. After further studies of the cranial morphology of this group, Groves (2007) upgraded these three subspecies to species rank, and recognised a fourth, Lophocebus ugandae (Matschie 1912). This classification is followed by Mittermeier et al. (2013). However, at a Red List assessment workshop in 2016, experts from the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group were not in agreement about a four-species taxonomy and decided to retain a one-species, four-subspecies arrangement for the purposes of the current Red List." 12310,Lophocebus aterrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Lophocebus,aterrimus,,,,,"(Oudemans, 1890)","Grubb et al. (2003) recognized two subspecies, L. a. aterrimus and L. a. opdenboschi, in contrast to Groves (2001, 2005) who considered the two as worthy of recognition as distinct species." 41559,Plecturocebus hoffmannsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,hoffmannsi,,,,,"Thomas, 1908","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species." 46205559,Coendou speratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,ERETHIZONTIDAE,Coendou,speratus,,,,,"Pontes, Gadelha, Melo, de Sá, Loss Junior, Costa & Leite, 2013",This species was described in 2013 (Mendes Pontes et al. 2013). 18245,Procolobus verus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Procolobus,verus,,,,,"(Van Beneden, 1838)", 20165,Setonix brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIPROTODONTIA,MACROPODIDAE,Setonix,brachyurus,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)",


18385,Protoxerus aubinnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Protoxerus,aubinnii,,,,,"(Gray, 1873)","This species was placed in the genus Allosciurus by Rosevear (1969), Grubb et al. (1998), Schennum and Thorington (2013) and Monadjem et al. (2015)." 47992974,Lophuromys chercherensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Lophuromys,chercherensis,,,,,"Lavrenchenko, W. Verheyen, E. Verheyen, Hulseman & Leirs, 2007","Lophuromys chercherensis forms part of the L. flavopunctatus species complex (Lavrenchenko et al. 2007). Data show that L. chercherensis is differentiated from all known and newly recognised taxa of Ethiopian L. flavopunctatus (Lavrenchenko et al. 2004, Lavrenchenko et al. 2007)." 48269338,Crocidura ninoyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,ninoyi,,,,,"Esselstyn & Goodman, 2010","Crocidura ninoyi is part of the Philippine clade of species, which includes C. beatus, C. grayi, C. mindorus, C. negrina, C. palawanensis, and C. panayensis. Upon further analysis C. ninoyi has been shown to be sister species of C. negrina, C. palawanensis. Conversely, a second specimen analysed believed to be C. ninoyi was in fact found to be further removed, with no evidence inferring it as a sister species to C. ninoyi (Giarla and Esselstyn 2015). This information could show a second species on Sibuyan island that has yet to be formally described and more research needs to be undertaken to understand the taxonomy and distribution of the two species." 48297939,Crocidura batakorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,batakorum,,,,,"Hutterer, 2007","This species is a closer relative to Crocidura species from Sulawesi rather than species from the Philippines, with studies suggesting no relationship with Crocidura species on Palawan island or neighbouring Mindoro island (Esselsytn et al. 2009). DNA analysis shows C. batakorum to be closely related to Crocidura elongata, and Crocidura lea suggesting speciation has occurred from over water colonization and subsequent allopatry (Esselstyn et al. 2009). The species was initially misidentified as Crocidura attenuate (Hutterer 2007)." 88120233,Dryadonycteris capixaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Dryadonycteris,capixaba,,,,,"Nogueira, Lima, Peracchi & Simmons, 2012", 88150313,Lonchophylla fornicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE,Lonchophylla,fornicata,,,,,"Woodman, 2007", 4214,Cercopithecus cephus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,cephus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Kingdon (1997) recognized two subspecies: C. c. cephus and C. c. cephodes. Subsequently, Colyn (1999) described the subspecies C. c. ngottoensis, which is included as a valid form in the classifications of Grubb et al. (2003) and Groves (2005). However, Grubb et al. (2003) remarked that the taxonomic status of ngottoensis needed more research because it appears to be both geographically and morphologically intermediate between C. cephus and C. ascanius. Gautier-Hion (2013) recognizes three subspecies C. c. cephus, C. c cephodes and C. c. ngottoensis." 4224,Cercopithecus nictitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,nictitans,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

The 2008 assessment of Cercopithecus nictitans followed the taxonomic arrangement of Grubb et al. (2003) in only recognizing two subspecies. The forms stampflii, insolitus and ludio were provisionally synonymized under the western populations of Cercopithecus nictitans martini (Grubb et al. 2003). However, it was also noted that the form on Bioko (martini) at least could have perhaps represented a distinct subspecies (J. Oates and P. Grubb pers. comm. 2008).

 

Oates (2011) recognised all the subspecies listed here: nictitans, martini, insolitus, ludio and stampflii and this treatment was followed in 2016. Gautier-Hion et al. (1999) recognized three subspecies: stampfli, martini and nictitans. Grubb et al. (2003) and Gautier-Hion (2013) recognised only C. n. nictitans and C. n. martini. Kingdon (2013) has recognised these subspecies as comprising Cluster II Cercopithecus nictitans cluster of the Nictitans Group. Cercopithecus n. insolitus and C. n. ludio were considered by Gautier-Hion (2013) and Kingdon (2013) to be synonyms of C. n. nictitans. Kingdon (2013) listed C. n. stampflii, but Gautier-Hion (2013) placed it as a synonym of C. n. martini.

 

" 4219,Cercopithecus hamlyni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,hamlyni,,,,,"Pocock, 1907","

Cercopithecus hamlyni, along with the recently discovered Lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis), form a clade of highly terrestrial monkeys restricted to lowland and montane forests of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Outside DRC, only one small isolated population of C. hamlyni is known from western Rwanda (Easton et al. 2011). Two subspecies have been named (see Grubb et al. 2003, Groves 2005, Hart et al. 2013): C. h. kahuziensis, characterized primarily by its lack of a prominent white nose stripe, is described from an area of the bamboo forest zone of Mount Kahuzi, DRC. C. h. hamlyni, is the form found throughout the remainder of the species' range. The range of C. h. kahuziensis, purportedly limited to a very small area between 2000 and 3000 m in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, is poorly defined and adjoins, without evident barriers, the range of the nominate form (Maruhashi et al. 1989). Recent surveys in Kahuzi-Biega identified C. h. hamlyni, with prominent white nose stripes, in areas reported to represent the range of C. h. kahuziensis (Hart and Kaleme, personal observation 2002). In addition, the nose stripe appears to be variably present in populations across the species’ range (Hart et al. 2013). The recent publication (Hart et al. 2012) of a photo of a young animal, kept as a pet, and collected east of Kisangani, about 350 km from the reported range of of C. h. kahuziensis, had no evidence of a nose stripe and resembles photographed animals described as C. h. kahuziensis in the publication of the taxon by Colyn and Rahm (1987). The subspecies, C. h. kahuziensis, is not treated further here, pending confirmation of its taxonomic status.

" 112503202,Crocidura munissii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,munissii,,,,,"Stanley, Hutterer, Giarla & Esselstyn, 2015","Molecular analysis shows Crocidura munissii to be a member of the Crocidura monax clade (Stanley et al. 2015). Although C. munissii is endemic to the southern Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), it is a member of a clade that includes the East and West Usambaras (C. tansaniana), the South Pares (C. usambarae), Mt. Meru (Crocidura newmarki), Kilimanjaro and North Pare (Crocidura monax), and Ngorongoro (Crocidura mdumai). This geographic distribution of members of the C. monax clade is significant as it spans two geologically distinct mountains groups the Northern Highlands and the EAM (Stanley et al. 2015)." 80259774,Hipposideros atrox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,atrox,,,,,"Andersen, 1918","This species was listed under Hipposideros bicolor, but is now considered distinct following Douangboubpha et al. (2010)." 120569706,Uromys vika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Uromys,vika,,,,,"Lavery & Judge, 2017", 112387339,Graphiurus walterverheyeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Graphiurus,walterverheyeni,,,,,"Holden & Levine, 2009","The relationship of this species with others in this genus is unknown (Holden and Levine 2009, Holden et al. 2016, Monadjem et al. 2015). The allopatric West African endemic Graphiurus crassicaudatus is currently hypothesised to be its closest relative based upon morphology (Holden and Levine 2009, Holden et al. 2016). The geographic range of G. walterverheyeni may overlap with that of G. lorraineus and/or G. surdus, although neither species has been documented to occur at or even close to the two localities from which G. walterverheyeni is known (Holden and Levine 2009, Holden et al. 2016)." 112386684,Halmaheramys bokimekot,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Halmaheramys,bokimekot,,,,,"Fabre, Pages, Musser, Fitriana, Semiadi & Helgen, 2013",The genus is currently monotypic (Fabre et al. 2013). 112139816,Rattus detentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,detentus,,,,,"Timm, Weijola, Aplin, Flannery & Pine, 2016", 112139630,Crocidura lwiroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,lwiroensis,,,,,"Kerbis Peterhans & Hutterer, 2013",C. lwiroensis is distinguishable from other members of the genus both externally and cranio-dentally (Kerbis Peterhans et al. 2013). 18248,Piliocolobus waldroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,waldroni,,,,,"(Hayman, 1936)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Kingdon 1997, Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

This taxon was long regarded as a subspecies of the Western Red Colobus P. badius, along with temminckii (e.g., Kingdon 1997, Grubb et al. 2003; see Oates and Ting 2015). Dandelot (1971) and Groves (2007) treated waldroni as a full species and, although Ting (2008a) continued to treat it as subspecies of badius, in his thesis Ting (2008b) indicated that it should be a species (see Oates and Ting 2015).

Groves (2007) used the name waldronae for this monkey; however, Brandon-Jones et al. (2007) argued that waldroni is the correct epithet, as it was first named.

" 165030,Aphylla williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Aphylla,williamsoni,,,,,"(Gloyd, 1936)", 51364233,Telebasis byersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,byersi,,,,,"Westfall, 1957", 125520364,Perilestes fragilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perilestes,fragilis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1862", 125520759,Perissolestes guianensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PERILESTIDAE,Perissolestes,guianensis,,,,,"(Williamson & Williamson, 1924)", 166483578,Andaeschna occidentalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Andaeschna,occidentalis,,,,,"Bota-Sierra, 2019", 166483663,Acanthagrion marinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Acanthagrion,marinae,,,,,"Lozano & Rodrigues, 2018", 166483683,Aceratobasis macilenta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Aceratobasis,macilenta,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 166483717,Argia acridens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,acridens,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2018", 166483760,Argia cuspidata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,cuspidata,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2018", 166483763,Argia philipi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,philipi,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2018", 166483766,Argia selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,selysi,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2018", 166483775,Argia tennesseni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Argia,tennesseni,,,,,"Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 2018", 166483797,Austrotepuibasis alvarengai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austrotepuibasis,alvarengai,,,,,"Machado & Lencioni, 2011", 166483816,Austrotepuibasis demarmelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austrotepuibasis,demarmelsi,,,,,"Machado & Lencioni, 2011", 166483836,Austrotepuibasis manolisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Austrotepuibasis,manolisi,,,,,"Machado & Lencioni, 2011", 166483842,Idioneura celioi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Idioneura,celioi,,,,,"Lencioni, 2009", 166483865,Ischnura solitaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,solitaria,,,,,"Bota-Sierra, Velásquez-Vélez & Realpe, 2019", 166483896,Leptagrion aculeatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,aculeatum,,,,,"Santos, 1965", 166483909,Leptagrion dispar,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,dispar,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 166483929,Leptagrion elongatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,elongatum,,,,,"Selys, 1876", 166483956,Leptagrion porrectum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,porrectum,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1876", 166483959,Leptagrion siqueirai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptagrion,siqueirai,,,,,"Santos, 1968", 166483989,Leptobasis raineyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Leptobasis,raineyi,,,,,"(Williamson, 1915)", 166484186,Mesoleptobasis cyanolineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mesoleptobasis,cyanolineata,,,,,"(Wasscher, 1998)", 166484221,Neoneura angelensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,angelensis,,,,,"Juillerat, 2007", 166484224,Neoneura joana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,joana,,,,,"Williamson, 1917", 166484228,Neoneura mariana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,mariana,,,,,"Williamson, 1917", 166484231,Neoneura myrthea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Neoneura,myrthea,,,,,"Williamson, 1917", 166484393,Platystigma humaita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,humaita,,,,,"Machado & Soldati, 2017", 166484626,Platystigma minimum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,minimum,,,,,"Machado & Soldati, 2017", 166484752,Platystigma quadratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Platystigma,quadratum,,,,,"Machado & Soldati, 2017", 166485220,Telebasis bastiaani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,bastiaani,,,,,"Bick & Bick, 1996", 166485223,Telebasis carvalhoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,carvalhoi,,,,,"Garrison, 2009", 166485235,Telebasis erythrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,erythrina,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 166485249,Telebasis igapocola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,igapocola,,,,,"Faasen, 2017", 166485281,Telebasis leptocyclia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,leptocyclia,,,,,"Garrison, 2009", 166485284,Telebasis simulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Telebasis,simulata,,,,,"Tennessen, 2002", 166485287,Tuberculobasis mammilaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Tuberculobasis,mammilaris,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 166485292,Aeschnosoma auripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,auripennis,,,,,"Geijskes, 1970", 166485295,Aeschnosoma elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,elegans,,,,,"Selys, 1871", 166485298,Aeschnosoma hamadae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,hamadae,,,,,"Fleck & Neiss, 2012", 166485301,Aeschnosoma heliophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,heliophila,,,,,"Fleck, 2012", 166485304,Aeschnosoma louissiriusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,louissiriusi,,,,,"Fleck, 2012", 166485307,Aeschnosoma marizae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,marizae,,,,,"Santos, 1981", 166485310,Aeschnosoma pseudoforcipula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Aeschnosoma,pseudoforcipula,,,,,"Fleck, De Marmels & Hamada, 2012", 166485314,Navicordulia errans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,errans,,,,,"(Calvert, 1909)", 166485341,Navicordulia nitens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,nitens,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1991)", 166485588,Navicordulia tumucurakensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,tumucurakensis,,,,,"Fleck, 2017", 166485613,Navicordulia vagans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Navicordulia,vagans,,,,,"(De Marmels, 1989)", 166485687,Cacoides latro,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cacoides,latro,,,,,"(Erichson in Schomburgk, 1848)", 166486290,Idiogomphoides demoulini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Idiogomphoides,demoulini,,,,,"(St. Quentin, 1967)", 166486303,Idiogomphoides ictinia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Idiogomphoides,ictinia,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 166486315,Melanocacus interioris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Melanocacus,interioris,,,,,"Belle, 1986", 166486625,Peruviogomphus bellei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Peruviogomphus,bellei,,,,,"Machado, 2005", 166488482,Phyllocycla armata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,armata,,,,,"Belle, 1977", 166488610,Phyllocycla bartica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,bartica,,,,,"Calvert, 1948", 166488619,Phyllocycla brasilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,brasilia,,,,,"Belle, 1975", 166488628,Phyllocycla diphylla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,diphylla,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 166488647,Phyllocycla hamata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,hamata,,,,,"Belle, 1990", 166488683,Phyllocycla medusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,medusa,,,,,"Belle, 1988", 166488692,Phyllocycla modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,modesta,,,,,"Belle, 1970", 166488814,Phyllocycla murrea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,murrea,,,,,"Belle, 1988", 166488876,Phyllocycla neotropica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,neotropica,,,,,"Belle, 1970", 166488885,Phyllocycla ophis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,ophis,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 166488970,Phyllocycla pegasus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,pegasus,,,,,"(Selys, 1869)", 166489059,Phyllocycla signata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Phyllocycla,signata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1854)", 166492060,Praeviogomphus proprius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Praeviogomphus,proprius,,,,,"Belle, 1995", 166492218,Progomphus approximatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,approximatus,,,,,"Belle, 1966", 166492232,Progomphus basalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,basalis,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 166492244,Progomphus bidentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,bidentatus,,,,,"Belle, 1994", 166492253,Progomphus dorsopallidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,dorsopallidus,,,,,"Byers, 1934", 166492258,Progomphus elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,elegans,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 166492280,Progomphus fassli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,fassli,,,,,"Belle, 1973", 166492306,Progomphus geijskesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,geijskesi,,,,,"Needham, 1944", 166492327,Progomphus gracilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Progomphus,gracilis,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1854", 166492426,Zonophora batesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,batesi,,,,,"Selys, 1869", 166492443,Zonophora campanulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,campanulata,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 166492504,Zonophora nobilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,nobilis,,,,,"Belle, 1983", 166492522,Zonophora supratriangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,supratriangularis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1941", 166492533,Zonophora surinamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Zonophora,surinamensis,,,,,"Needham, 1944", 166492610,Heteragrion demarmelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,demarmelsi,,,,,"Stand-Pérez, Bota-Sierra & Pérez-Gutiérrez, 2019", 166492729,Lauromacromia dubitalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lauromacromia,dubitalis,,,,,"(Fraser, 1939)", 166492831,Lauromacromia flaviae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Lauromacromia,flaviae,,,,,"Machado, 2002", 166492859,Neocordulia androgynis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Neocordulia,androgynis,,,,,"(Selys, 1871)", 166492931,Diastatops emilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,emilia,,,,,"Montgomery, 1940", 166492936,Diastatops estherae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,estherae,,,,,"Montgomery, 1940", 166492971,Diastatops maxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,maxima,,,,,"Montgomery, 1940", 166493079,Diastatops nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diastatops,nigra,,,,,"Montgomery, 1940", 166493262,Gynothemis uniseta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Gynothemis,uniseta,,,,,"Geijskes, 1972", 166493293,Gynothemis venipunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Gynothemis,venipunctata,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 166493651,Idiataphe batesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Idiataphe,batesi,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 166493715,Macrothemis belliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,belliata,,,,,"Belle, 1987", 166494056,Macrothemis calliste,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,calliste,,,,,"(Ris, 1913)", 166494149,Macrothemis capitata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,capitata,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 166494179,Macrothemis cynthia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,cynthia,,,,,"Ris, 1913", 166494203,Macrothemis griseofrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,griseofrons,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 166494256,Macrothemis lutea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,lutea,,,,,"Calvert, 1909", 166494642,Macrothemis pleurosticta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,pleurosticta,,,,,"(Burmeister, 1839)", 166494653,Macrothemis rupicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,rupicola,,,,,"Rácenis, 1957", 166494658,Macrothemis taurepan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,taurepan,,,,,"De Marmels, 2008", 166495135,Macrothemis valida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Macrothemis,valida,,,,,"(Navás, 1916)", 166495195,Micrathyria borgmeieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,borgmeieri,,,,,"Santos, 1947", 166495225,Micrathyria cambridgei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,cambridgei,,,,,"Kirby, 1897","The identity of this species needs to be revised. According to Kirby (1897) Micrathyria cambridgei differs from M. didyma in the number of post-triangular cells. This character is likely to be variable. Therefore,  this species needs revision." 166495291,Micrathyria dunklei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,dunklei,,,,,"Westfall, 1992", 166495325,Micrathyria paruensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,paruensis,,,,,"Geijskes, 1963", 166495383,Micrathyria pirassunungae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,pirassunungae,,,,,"Santos, 1953", 166495423,Micrathyria surinamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,surinamensis,,,,,"Geijskes, 1963", 166495435,Micrathyria wasscheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Micrathyria,wasscheri,,,,,"Minot & Gaschignard, 2017", 166495455,Misagria calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Misagria,calverti,,,,,"Geijskes, 1951", 166495466,Misagria divergens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Misagria,divergens,,,,,"De Marmels, 1981", 166495580,Oligoclada amphinome,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,amphinome,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 166495862,Oligoclada nemesis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,nemesis,,,,,"(Ris, 1911)", 166495900,Oligoclada risi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,risi,,,,,"Geijskes, 1984", 166496206,Orionothemis felixorioni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orionothemis,felixorioni,,,,,"Fleck, Hamada & Carvalho, 2009", 166496541,Orthemis anthracina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,anthracina,,,,,"De Marmels, 1989", 166496559,Orthemis celata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,celata,,,,,"von Ellenrieder, 2012", 166496576,Orthemis macrostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthemis,macrostigma,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 166496741,Rhodopygia geijskesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhodopygia,geijskesi,,,,,"Belle, 1964", 166497180,Sympetrum roraimae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,roraimae,,,,,"De Marmels, 1988", 166497772,Tramea minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tramea,minuta,,,,,"De Marmels & Rácenis, 1982", 166498404,Ypirangathemis calverti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Ypirangathemis,calverti,,,,,"Santos, 1945", 166499112,Zenithoptera anceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zenithoptera,anceps,,,,,"Pujol-Luz, 1993", 166500106,Philogenia lankesteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,lankesteri,,,,,"Calvert, 1924", 166500149,Philogenia marinasilva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOGENIIDAE,Philogenia,marinasilva,,,,,"Machado, 2010", 166500430,Cora verapax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,POLYTHORIDAE,Cora,verapax,,,,,"Bota-Sierra, Sánchez-Herrera & Palacino-Rodríguez, 2018", 117513563,Pethia cumingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,cumingii,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)","Meegaskumbura et al. (2008) showed that Pethia cumingii comprises two species: P. cumingii and P. reval. Subsequently, Pethiyagoda et al. (2012) renamed the genus as Pethia. " 199813,Uromastyx occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,occidentalis,,,,,"Mateo, Geniez, López-Jurado & Bons, 1998", 13374,Micronaspis floridana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Micronaspis,floridana,,,,,"Green, 1948","

Micronaspis floridana is the only named species in this genus (Lloyd 2018). Two subpopulations occur: one along the Florida coastline, and another on some northern islands of the Bahamas (Faust 2017). Although Lloyd (2018) suggests the Bahamas subpopulation may eventually be described as a new species, here we treat both the Florida and Bahamas varieties as the same.

" 163979488,Tenaspis angularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Tenaspis,angularis,,,,,"(Gorhman, 1880)", 163979526,Pyropyga decipiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyropyga,decipiens,,,,,"(Harris, 1836)", 163979556,Pyropyga minuta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyropyga,minuta,,,,,"(LeConte, 1852)", 163979637,Pyropyga modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyropyga,modesta,,,,,"Green, 1961", 163979721,Pyropyga nigricans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyropyga,nigricans,,,,,"(Say, 1823)", 164012360,Aspisoma ignitum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Aspisoma,ignitum,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 164012501,Bicellonycha wickershamorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Bicellonycha,wickershamorum,,,,,"Cicero, 1982", 164012994,Brachylampis blaisdelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Brachylampis,blaisdelli,,,,,"Van Dyke, 1939", 164013002,Brachylampis sanguinicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Brachylampis,sanguinicollis,,,,,"Van Dyke, 1939", 164013781,Ellychnia autumnalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,autumnalis,,,,,"Melsheimer, 1846","

This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. Ellychnia autumnalis is part of a widespread species complex, wherein the division of E. autumnalis, E. lacustris, and E. corrusca is not entirely straightforward (Fender 1970). However, these species can be distinguished by differences in the male genitalia (Marvin 1965). 

" 164013810,Ellychnia bivulnerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,bivulnerus,,,,,"Green, 1949","

This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. Green (1949) notes that Ellychnia bivulnerus is morphologically very similar to Pyropyga fenestralis Melsh., and that the two species may be mixed in some collections. P. fenestralis is now synonymized with P. nigricans (Green 1961). This species is not a true congener with the type of the genus (E. corrusca). Taxonomic revision should eventually remove it to another genus but its Mexican affiliates, if any, are not known. Fender (1970) placed it in its own subgenus, Greeneana, and that has sufficed so far.

" 164013820,Ellychnia californica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,californica,,,,,"Motschulsky, 1854",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164013862,Ellychnia corrusca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,corrusca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)","

Ellychnia corrusca is a widespread species complex probably composed of several closely related, undescribed species (Faust 2017, S. Lower pers. comm. 2019). Given wide size variations and some differences in behaviour and seasonality, eastern Ellychnia corrusca may eventually be split back into the three older species of E. lacustris, E. autumnalis, and E. corrusca; western Ellychnia may represent additional species (Faust 2017). This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision.

" 164014019,Ellychnia facula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,facula,,,,,"LeConte, 1854","This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. ITIS and most other sources list the taxonomic authority for this species as LeConte, 1857. However, Keller and Branham (2018) have proposed nomenclatural changes for a number of species, including Ellychnia facula, which has a corrected date of publication of 1854. Thus the current accepted name for this species is Ellychnia facula LeConte, 1854. At the western edge of this species’ range in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington, it is possible there is some intergradation with Ellychnia hatchi and E. greeni (R. Lyons pers. comm. 2020)." 164014022,Ellychnia flavicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,flavicollis,,,,,"(LeConte, 1868)",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164014068,Ellychnia granulicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,granulicollis,,,,,"Fender in Hatch, 1962",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164014076,Ellychnia greeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,greeni,,,,,"Fender in Hatch, 1962","

This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. Lyons (2015) has observed that the range and even some of the paratype localities of Ellychnia hatchi and E. greeni overlap across most areas west of the Cascade Mountains. Given the fact that multiple specimens of each species have been collected from the same sites, often on the same day by the same collector, it is possible that these species represent an unresolved species complex with individual morphological variation (Lyons 2015). Fender (1970) also notes considerable variation in morphological features of many western Ellychnia, and states that small specimens of E. hatchi may be confused with E. greeni. 

" 164014080,Ellychnia hatchi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,hatchi,,,,,"Fender in Hatch, 1962","

This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. Lyons (2015) has observed that the range and even some of the paratype localities of Ellychnia hatchi and E. greeni overlap across most areas west of the Cascade Mountains. Given the fact that multiple specimens of each species have been collected from the same sites, often on the same day by the same collector, it is possible that these species represent an unresolved species complex with individual morphological variation (Lyons 2015). Fender (1970) also notes considerable variation in morphological features of many western Ellychnia, and states that small specimens of E. hatchi may be confused with E. greeni.  

" 164014570,Ellychnia lacustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,lacustris,,,,,"LeConte, 1852","This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. Previously, eastern Ellychnia were split into three species: E. corrusca, E. autumnalis, and E. lacustris (Luk et al. 2011, Faust 2017). Although Ellychnia lacustris is currently listed as a valid species (ITIS 2020), supported by distinct differences in genitalia (Marvin 1965), it is considered by many to be part of the larger E. corrusca complex (Faust 2017) with lingering questions about its taxonomic status." 164014591,Ellychnia obscurevittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,obscurevittata,,,,,"Fender in Hatch, 1962",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164014619,Ellychnia simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,simplex,,,,,"(LeConte, 1885)",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164014939,Ellychnia megista,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,megista,,,,,"Fender, 1970",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164015185,Ellychnia irrorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,irrorata,,,,,"Fender, 1969",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164015209,Ellychnia captiosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,captiosa,,,,,"Fender, 1969",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164015219,Ellychnia alexanderi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Ellychnia,alexanderi,,,,,"Fender, 1969",This genus of diurnal fireflies is greatly in need of taxonomic revision. 164015516,Lucidota atra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Lucidota,atra,,,,,"(G. Olivier, 1790)", 164015739,Lucidota luteicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Lucidota,luteicollis,,,,,"LeConte, 1878","

Green (1948) correctly asserted that “the generic designations for Lucidota species (atra, punctata, and luteicollis) cannot be determined until the generic types have been properly tabulated.” The original description of species ‘luteicollis’ was published by LeConte in 1878 who placed it directly into the genus Lucidota. Subsequently, Henshaw (1882) moved the species to Pyropyga. Green (1948) returned the species to Lucidota in order to maintain Pyropyga as a homogeneous collection of species. Lucidota was, at that time, and continues to be at present, a heterogeneous collection of unrelated species that unreconciled types could be set aside in. Poole et al. (1966) listed the species as “Pyropyga luteicollis LeConte 1878 (Lucidota)” which suggests that they didn’t know of Green’s revision. This reversion to Pyropyga has been ignored by subsequent authors and should not be considered as a formal re-reversion of the species’ taxonomy.

 

Currently, Lucidota luteicollis stands fully vested as the nomen for LeConte’s type; however, the type of the genus is the South American species banoni, and luteicollis is very likely not congeneric with it. The species will certainly be designated as a new genus if a modern author takes up the species problem and removes it from Lucidota sensu lato. Lucidota is long due a full revision, and when this eventually happens, downsizing will also remove it to a new genus.

" 164015975,Lucidota punctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Lucidota,punctata,,,,,"(LeConte, 1852)", 164044783,Pyractomena angulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,angulata,,,,,"(Say, 1825)","There is no taxonomic uncertainty regarding this species (Green 1957), although there are other fireflies with similar courtship signals, that can be confused with this species (L. Buschman pers. comm. 2020)." 164044835,Pyractomena angustata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,angustata,,,,,"LeConte, 1851", 164044845,Pyractomena barberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,barberi,,,,,"Green, 1957", 164044849,Pyractomena borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,borealis,,,,,"(Randall, 1828)", 164044858,Pyractomena dispersa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,dispersa,,,,,"Green, 1957","

This taxon may in fact represent a species complex, as it occurs over a wide range and is variable in coloration and flash behaviour (Green 1957, Lloyd 2018). The eastern and western varieties of this species may eventually be classified as distinct species (Buschman 2016, Faust 2017).

" 164044862,Pyractomena ecostata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,ecostata,,,,,"(LeConte, 1878)", 164044903,Pyractomena floridana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,floridana,,,,,"Green, 1957", 164044912,Pyractomena limbicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,limbicollis,,,,,"Green, 1957", 164044923,Pyractomena linearis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,linearis,,,,,"LeConte, 1852","

Pyractomena linearis is part of a complex of closely related species, including P. dispersa, P. palustris and P. limbicollis (Green 1957, Faust 2017). There are also several flash patterns observed in P. linearis, adding further confusion to the taxonomic certainty of this species (Lloyd 2018). 

" 164044928,Pyractomena lucifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,lucifera,,,,,"Melsheimer, 1845","

Lloyd (2018) suggests there is a distinction between the sub-populations of Pyractomena lucifera in the northern and southern portions of its range, and the individuals in the southern portion of the range will soon be designated a new species. For the purpose of this assessment, the two sub-populations are treated as one species, P. lucifera. 

" 164044937,Pyractomena marginalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,marginalis,,,,,"Green, 1957", 164044968,Pyractomena palustris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,palustris,,,,,"Green, 1957","

This species is difficult to identify unless flash patterns are observed (Faust 2017). It is aligned with the P. linearis species complex, which requires additional work to resolve taxonomic relationships (Lloyd 2018).


" 164045022,Pyractomena punctiventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,punctiventris,,,,,"LeConte, 1878","

It is possible this species is conspecific with Pyractomena doralis Motschulsky, 1853, a species collected only once from “Mexico”. The binomial P. doralis would have priority if these two species are in fact one and the same (Green 1957).  

" 164045024,Pyractomena similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,similis,,,,,"Green, 1957", 164045035,Pyractomena sinuata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,sinuata,,,,,"Green, 1957", 164045045,Pyractomena vexillaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pyractomena,vexillaria,,,,,"Gorham, 1881", 164045148,Pterotus curticornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pterotus,curticornis,,,,,"Chemsak, 1978","

There is debate about whether Pterotus curticornis is distinct from P. obscuripennis. The type locality is isolated from suitable P. obscuripennis habitat nearby, but additional taxonomic studies are necessary (J. Cicero pers. comm. 2020).


" 164045161,Pterotus obscuripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pterotus,obscuripennis,,,,,"LeConte, 1859", 164045256,Prolutacea pulsator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Prolutacea,pulsator,,,,,"(Cicero, 1984)", 164045301,Pollaclasis bifaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pollaclasis,bifaria,,,,,"(Say, 1835)", 164045338,Pleotomus pallens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pleotomus,pallens,,,,,"LeConte, 1866",

Zaragoza-Caballero (1992) synonymized Pleotomus pallens and P. davisii under P. pallens. 


164045350,Pleotomus nigripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pleotomus,nigripennis,,,,,"LeConte, 1885",

Pleotomus nigripennis was synonomized under P. pallens (Zaragoza 1992) but was subsequently restored to species status (Zaragoza and Ramirez 2009).

164045361,Pleotomodes knulli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pleotomodes,knulli,,,,,"Green, 1949", 164045411,Pleotomodes needhami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Pleotomodes,needhami,,,,,"Green, 1948", 164045636,Photuris walldoxeyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,walldoxeyi,,,,,"Faust and Davis, 2019","

Photuris walldoxeyi a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Faust and Davis 2019, Barber 1951, McDermott 1967). Genetic and cladistics research, to clarify taxonomic relationships within this species complex, is ongoing (Faust 2017).


" 164045730,Photuris versicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,versicolor,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)","

Photuris versicolor is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018).

" 164045734,Photuris tremulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,tremulans,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris tremulans is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018).


" 164045737,Photuris salina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,salina,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris salina is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Genetic and cladistics research, to clarify taxonomic relationships within this species complex, are ongoing (Faust 2017).


" 164045740,Photuris quadrifulgens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,quadrifulgens,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris quadrifulgens is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). 


" 164045819,Photuris pyralomima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,pyralomima,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris pyralomima is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018).

" 164045822,Photuris potomaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,potomaca,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris potomaca is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018).


" 164045826,Photuris pensylvanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,pensylvanica,,,,,"(DeGeer, 1774)","

Photuris pensylvanica is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Prior to the work of Barber (1951) and McDermott (1967), many Photuris species were lumped together and referred to as P. pennsylvanica (notice the misspelling). Therefore, this species is over represented in the collection record.

" 164045835,Photuris mysticalampas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,mysticalampas,,,,,"Heckscher, 2013","

Unlike other species of Photuris, which are difficult to distinguish from one another morphologically and are often placed into species complexes, P. mysticalampas has a morphological character—an oval outline when viewed from above—that clearly distinguishes it from other species within its range (Heckscher 2013, Lloyd 2018).

" 164045841,Photuris missouriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,missouriensis,,,,,"McDermott, 1962","

Photuris missouriensis is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018).


" 164045854,Photuris lucicrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,lucicrescens,,,,,"Barber, 1951","Members of the Photuris genus can be difficult to discern from one another. The taxonomy was recently revised by Lloyd (2018), but work on this complex genus is ongoing. Photuris lucicrescens is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences between species (Faust and Davis 2019). Although Lloyd (2018) suggests this may be the only common Photuris in this group that can be recognized from preserved specimens, Faust (2017) acknowledges that locality records remain a bit uncertain due to difficulties in species ID when flash data are lacking. Genetic and cladistics research to clarify taxonomic relationships within this species group are ongoing (Faust 2017)." 164045872,Photuris lloydi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,lloydi,,,,,"McDermott, 1966","

Photuris lloydi is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observations of male flash patterns, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Photuris lloydi which is distinguished by a male flash pattern consisting of short, single, crescendo flashes emitted continuously, may itself turn out to be a species complex.


" 164045875,Photuris lineaticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,lineaticollis,,,,,"(Motschulsky, 1854)","

Photuris lineaticollis is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Furthermore, this species, also known as the Giant Red, is within a group of species called the “Red Group”, the trim of which is distinctively redder in colour than most, generally yellowish Photuris (Lloyd 2018).  The Red Group species can often be distinguished from each other by their flash patterns. It is unclear which of these Red Group variants was collected by V. Motschulsky when P. lineaticollis was described in 1854, because there is no holotype or information on flash pattern (Lloyd 2018).


" 164045878,Photuris hebes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,hebes,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris hebes is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable only by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Lloyd 2018, Faust and Davis 2019). Genetic and cladistics research, to clarify taxonomic relationships within this species complex, are ongoing (Faust 2017). According to C. Heckscher (pers. comm. 2019) inland and coastal variants of P. hebes are likely represent two separate species, but they have not yet been officially designated as such.

" 164045881,Photuris frontalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,frontalis,,,,,"LeConte, 1852", 164045884,Photuris floridana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,floridana,,,,,"Fall, 1927","

Photuris floridana is difficult to distinguish from, and was once considered a subspecies of, P. brunnipennis, which is found in Cuba (Lloyd 2018). It is also very similar in flash pattern and ecology to P. congener but is distinguished by seasonal occurrence and latitude (Lloyd 2018).

" 164045916,Photuris flavicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,flavicollis,,,,,"Fall, 1927", 164045924,Photuris fairchildi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,fairchildi,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris fairchildi is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018).


" 164045932,Photuris divisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,divisa,,,,,"LeConte, 1852", 164045938,Photuris congener,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,congener,,,,,"LeConte, 1852", 164045951,Photuris cinctipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,cinctipennis,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris cinctipennis is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Lloyd (2018) notes that several similar-looking species, including some that occur in the southeastern United States, may occur within a smaller cintcipennis group. Further complicating matters, although Barber's (1951) description includes its distinctive coloration (pale legs and pale hind margins on ventral abdominal segments), he did not observe the male flash pattern of this species. Genetic and cladistics research to clarify taxonomic relationships within this species complex are ongoing (Faust 2017).

" 164045960,Photuris caerulucens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,caerulucens,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris caerulucens is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Furthermore, P. caerulucens belongs to a poorly resolved group of low-flying species, within the versicolor complex, whose primary flash pattern consists of a long, steady glow, one second or more in duration. It is also morphologically similar to the taxonomically dubious, sympatric species Photuris aureolucens. Although the two species differ slightly in colouration, more notably, the duration of the male flash is much longer in P. caerulucens (Lloyd 2018).


" 164045981,Photuris bethaniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,bethaniensis,,,,,"McDermott, 1953","

Photuris bethaniensis is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Genetic and cladistics research, to clarify taxonomic relationships within this species complex, are ongoing (Faust 2017).

" 164046006,Photuris aureolucens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,aureolucens,,,,,"Barber, 1951","

Photuris aureolucens is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). Furthermore, it is morphologically similar to the sympatric species Photuris caerulucens, although the duration and colour of the male courtship flash differs (Lloyd 2018).


" 164046023,Photinus umbratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,umbratus,,,,,"LeConte, 1878", 164046035,Photinus texanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,texanus,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164046117,Photinus tenuicinctus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,tenuicinctus,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164046126,Photinus tanytoxus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,tanytoxus,,,,,"Lloyd, 1966","Photinus tanytoxus is easily confused with P. collustrans. However, slight morphological differences and nightly timing of courtship displays differentiate them from each other (Lloyd 1966a)." 164046144,Photinus stellaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,stellaris,,,,,"Fall, 1927", 164046161,Photinus scintillans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,scintillans,,,,,"(Say, 1825)","

Photinus scintillans is difficult to distinguish from P. marginellus in the field, especially in the regions where their range overlaps (Faust 2017). These two species can be differentiated by discrete morphological characteristics and slightly different flash patterns (Green 1956, Lloyd 2018).

" 164046423,Photinus sabulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,sabulosus,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164046430,Photinus pyralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,pyralis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 164046472,Photinus punctulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,punctulatus,,,,,"LeConte, 1852", 164046475,Photinus obscurellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,obscurellus,,,,,"LeConte, 1852", 164046492,Photinus marginellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,marginellus,,,,,"LeConte, 1852","

There is some debate about whether this species is conspecific with Photinus curtatus, as their ranges overlap, their courtship displays are almost identical, and there are only small differences in coloration and the morphology of their genitalia (Green 1956, Lloyd 1967). Furthermore, where they are sympatric, hybrid forms, with differing degrees of “genitalic intermediacy”, have been found (Lloyd 1967).

" 164046511,Photinus macdermotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,macdermotti,,,,,"Lloyd, 1966","

Photinus macdermotti is a member of the consanguineus group of Photinus, which contains several morphologically similar species distinguishable primarily by male flash pattern (Green 1956, Lloyd 1966a). P. consanguineus is most easily confused with P. macdermotti due to overlapping distributions, shared habitat preferences, and morphological similarities (Lloyd 1966a, Faust 2017). Photinus consanguineus and P. macdermotti can often be separated by morphological characteristics, but flash behavior (male pulse interval) is needed to positively identify some specimens (Lloyd 1966a). It is possible that new species remain to be described from this group.

" 164046528,Photinus lineellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,lineellus,,,,,"LeConte, 1852", 164047836,Microphotus angustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Microphotus,angustus,,,,,"LeConte, 1874", 164048248,Microphotus chiricahuae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Microphotus,chiricahuae,,,,,"Green, 1959",There are no changes or doubts/debates over the validity of this species. Its aedeagal configuration (Green 1959) is anomalous and is the primary basis for its distinction from other species of the genus. Further support for its taxonomic stability comes from molecular studies of the genus (Usener and Cognato 2006). 164048278,Microphotus dilatatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Microphotus,dilatatus,,,,,"LeConte, 1866", 164048292,Microphotus fragilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Microphotus,fragilis,,,,,"E. Olivier, 1912","

Based on molecular analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and luciferase DNA and morphological similarities, Microphotus fragilis Oliver 1912 and M. decarthrus Fall 1912 were recently synonymized under M. fragilis (Usener and Cognato 2006). However, based on differences in mating behaviour and ontophenology, as well as geographic and temporal allopatry (J. Cicero pers. comm. 2020), it is possible that M. decarthrus may regain species status again in the future.

" 164048344,Microphotus octarthrus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Microphotus,octarthrus,,,,,"Fall, 1912", 164048400,Microphotus pecosensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Microphotus,pecosensis,,,,,"Fall, 1912", 164049126,Nelsonphotus aridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Nelsonphotus,aridus,,,,,"Cicero, 2006", 164049362,Paraphausis eximius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Paraphausis,eximius,,,,,"Green, 1949", 164053201,Phausis californica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,californica,,,,,"Fender, 1966", 164070299,Phausis dorothae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,dorothae,,,,,"Fender in Hatch, 1962", 164070319,Phausis inaccensa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,inaccensa,,,,,"LeConte, 1878", 164070336,Phausis luminosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,luminosa,,,,,"Fender, 1966", 164070352,Phausis marina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,marina,,,,,"Fender, 1966", 164070411,Phausis nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,nigra,,,,,"Hopping, 1937", 164070446,Phausis reticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,reticulata,,,,,"(Say, 1825)","This species was originally described as Lampyris reticulata (Say 1825). Some large specimens of Phausis reticulata archived in collections have been misidentified as the European species L. splendidula (Lloyd 2018). Phausis reticulata-like specimens from various localities throughout this species’ range suggest another undescribed species may occur; however, for now, these are considered P. reticulata (L. Faust pers. comm. 2020)." 164070732,Phausis riversi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,riversi,,,,,"(LeConte, 1885)", 164070893,Phausis skelleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,skelleyi,,,,,"Fender in Hatch, 1962", 164075336,Photinus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,acuminatus,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164075439,Photinus aquilonius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,aquilonius,,,,,"Lloyd, 1969", 164075571,Photinus ardens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,ardens,,,,,"LeConte, 1852","

Le Conte considered Photinus obscurellus a variety, then a synonym of P. ardens, after he described them as separate species in 1852 (Lloyd 1969). After observing courtship flash behaviours, however, Lloyd (1969) asserted they are distinct species.


" 164075817,Photinus australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,australis,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164075844,Photinus brimleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,brimleyi,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164076182,Photinus carolinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,carolinus,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164076387,Photinus collustrans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,collustrans,,,,,"LeConte, 1878","

Photinus collustrans is easily confused with P. tanytoxus. However, slight morphological differences and nightly timing of courtship displays differentiate them from each other (Lloyd 1966a).

" 164076537,Photinus concisus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,concisus,,,,,"Lloyd, 1968", 164076552,Photinus consanguineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,consanguineus,,,,,"LeConte, 1852","

Photinus consanguineus is a member of the consanguineus group of Photinus, which contains several morphologically similar species distinguishable primarily by male flash pattern (Green 1956, Lloyd 1966a). P. consanguineus is most easily confused with P. macdermotti due to overlapping distributions, shared habitat preferences, and morphological similarities (Lloyd 1966a, Faust 2017). Photinus consanguineus and P. macdermotti can often be separated by morphological characteristics, but flash behaviour (male pulse interval) is needed to positively identify some specimens (Lloyd 1966a). It is possible that new species remain to be described from this group.

" 164076640,Photinus consimilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,consimilis,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164076669,Photinus cookii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,cookii,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164076717,Photinus curtatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,curtatus,,,,,"Green, 1956","

There is some debate about whether this species is conspecific with Photinus marginellus, as their ranges overlap, their courtship displays are almost identical, and there are only small differences in colouration and the morphology of their genitalia (Green 1956, Lloyd 1967). Furthermore, where they are sympatric, hybrid forms, with differing degrees of “genitalic intermediacy”, have been found (Lloyd 1967).

" 164076824,Photinus dimissus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,dimissus,,,,,"LeConte, 1881", 164076928,Photinus floridanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,floridanus,,,,,"Fall, 1927", 164076990,Photinus frosti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,frosti,,,,,"Green, 1956","

Photinus frosti has been collected very few times. The closely related species P. umbratus is sympatric with this species (Lloyd 1966). However, according to Green (1956), the punctuation on the pronutum of this species distinguishes it from all other Photinus, except P. punctulatus, which is found in the Midwest United States, unlike this species. 

" 164077021,Photinus granulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,granulatus,,,,,"Fall, 1927", 164077031,Photinus greeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,greeni,,,,,"Lloyd, 1969","

Photinus greeni is a member of the double-flashing Photinus consanguineus complex, distinguished from P. macdermotti and P. consanguineus primarily by differences in male flash pattern (Lloyd 1969).

" 164077167,Photinus ignitus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,ignitus,,,,,"Fall, 1927",Specimens from New Brunswick that were previously identified as Photinus ardens LeConte were recently redetermined to be P. ignitus Fall (Webster et al. 2016). 164077185,Photinus immaculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,immaculatus,,,,,"Green, 1956", 164077202,Photinus indictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,indictus,,,,,"(LeConte, 1881)", 164077389,Photinus knulli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photinus,knulli,,,,,"Green, 1956",


22690814,Paraclaravis mondetoura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Paraclaravis,mondetoura,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1856)","Claravis, as previously defined, was shown to be paraphyletic, with two of the three species grouping separately to C. pretiosi. These two need generic reallocation, moving to the new genus Paraclaravis (Sangster et al. 2018): hence P. geoffroyi and P. mondetoura." 154837304,Aramides albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,albiventris,,,,,"Lawrence, 1868","Aramides cajaneus has been split into Grey-cowled Wood-rail A. cajaneus (with one subspecies A. c. avicenniae: latens and morrisoni are synonymised with cajaneus) and Russet-naped Wood-rail A. albiventris (with mexicanus, vanrossemi, pacificus, and plumbeicollis synonymised with albiventris) following an assessment of the evidence provided by Marcondes and Silveira (2015)." 154837348,Aramides cajaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Aramides,cajaneus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Aramides cajaneus has been split into Grey-cowled Wood-rail A. cajaneus (with one subspecies A. c. avicenniae: latens and morrisoni are synonymised with cajaneus) and Russet-naped Wood-rail A. albiventris (with mexicanus, vanrossemi, pacificus, and plumbeicollis synonymised with albiventris) following an assessment of the evidence provided by Marcondes and Silveira (2015)." 103693596,Hylophilus flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,flavipes,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1845","

Hylophilus flavipes, H. viridiflavus and H. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. flavipes following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 103693800,Tunchiornis luteifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Tunchiornis,luteifrons,,,,,"(Sclater, 1881)","

Tunchiornis ochraceiceps and T. luteifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hylophilus ochraceiceps following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22705309,Pachysylvia aurantiifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Pachysylvia,aurantiifrons,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)",

Pachysylvia aurantiifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylophilus aurantiifrons.

 

55033,Hyalinobatrachium talamancae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,talamancae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1952)","This species is very similar to Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni, and might be conspecific with it (Savage 2002). Taxonomic revision of this species is needed (B. Kubicki pers. comm. 2007)." 11410,Leiolopisma mauritiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leiolopisma,mauritiana,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 22711316,Campylorhynchus albobrunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,albobrunneus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1862)", 22711467,Cantorchilus leucotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cantorchilus,leucotis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)",

Cantorchilus leucotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus leucotis.

22687097,Florisuga mellivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Florisuga,mellivora,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686903,Glaucis aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Glaucis,aeneus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1867", 22686911,Glaucis hirsutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Glaucis,hirsutus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22686925,Threnetes ruckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Threnetes,ruckeri,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22686934,Phaethornis guy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,guy,,,,,"(Lesson, 1833)", 16925,Phelsuma gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,gigas,,,,,"Liénard, 1842", 22607,Madatyphlops cariei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,cariei,,,,,"(Hoffstetter, 1946)","If, as proposed by Cheke (2010), the type locality of Cathetorhinus melanocephalus is on Mauritius, this name is likely to be a senior synonym of the only native blindsnake known from Mauritius, Madatyphlops cairei. This author cautions, however, that it is ""not likely to be easy"" to demonstrate a connection between the two, as M. cairei is known only from subfossil remains from a site with poor DNA preservation and the C. melanorhinus holotype has been preserved in alcohol for more than 200 years." 22686955,Phaethornis anthophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,anthophilus,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)", 22730147,Phaethornis striigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phaethornis,striigularis,,,,,"Gould, 1854", 22687106,Colibri delphinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Colibri,delphinae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22687110,Colibri thalassinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Colibri,thalassinus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 154980,Chirodactylus jessicalenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LATRIDAE,Chirodactylus,jessicalenorum,,,,,"Smith, 1980", 22687125,Anthracothorax prevostii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,prevostii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22687130,Anthracothorax nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,nigricollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22729026,Anthracothorax veraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthracothorax,veraguensis,,,,,"Reichenbach, 1855", 22687208,Lophornis delattrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,delattrei,,,,,"(Lesson, 1839)", 22687247,Lophornis adorabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,adorabilis,,,,,"Salvin, 1870", 22687408,Panterpe insignis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Panterpe,insignis,,,,,"Cabanis & Heine, 1860", 22688138,Heliomaster longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliomaster,longirostris,,,,,"(Audebert & Vieillot, 1801)", 22688135,Heliomaster constantii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliomaster,constantii,,,,,"(DeLattre, 1843)", 22687680,Lampornis hemileucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,hemileucus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1865)", 22729036,Lampornis calolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,calolaemus,,,,,"(Salvin, 1865)", 22688153,Calliphlox bryantae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Calliphlox,bryantae,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)", 22688172,Doricha enicura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Doricha,enicura,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22688189,Calothorax pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Calothorax,pulcher,,,,,"Gould, 1859", 59423,Thorius papaloae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Thorius,papaloae,,,,,"Hanken & Wake, 2001", 22688302,Selasphorus flammula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Selasphorus,flammula,,,,,"Salvin, 1864", 22688305,Selasphorus scintilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Selasphorus,scintilla,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)", 22729031,Chlorostilbon auriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,auriceps,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)", 22724454,Chlorostilbon forficatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,forficatus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1885", 22687304,Chlorostilbon canivetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,canivetii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22687310,Chlorostilbon assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chlorostilbon,assimilis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1861", 22687368,Cynanthus sordidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Cynanthus,sordidus,,,,,"(Gould, 1859)", 22687167,Klais guimeti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Klais,guimeti,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1843)", 22687041,Campylopterus cuvierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,cuvierii,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)",Campylopterus cuvierii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phaeochroa. 22727993,Campylopterus curvipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,curvipennis,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)","

Campylopterus curvipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split into C. curvipennis and C. excellens following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22687075,Campylopterus hemileucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,hemileucurus,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)", 156397,Orexana ultima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Orexana,ultima,,,,,"(Mousson, 1872)","

Until recently, this species was affiliated to the family Sphincterochilidae (genus Sphincterochila) (Alonso et al. 1996).

" 22687643,Elvira chionura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Elvira,chionura,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)", 22687646,Elvira cupreiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Elvira,cupreiceps,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)", 22687652,Chalybura buffonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chalybura,buffonii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)", 22687552,Amazilia amabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,amabilis,,,,,"(Gould, 1853)", 22687556,Amazilia decora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,decora,,,,,"(Salvin, 1891)", 22687577,Amazilia cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,cyanocephala,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22687583,Amazilia beryllina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,beryllina,,,,,"(Deppe, 1830)", 22687587,Amazilia cyanura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,cyanura,,,,,"(Gould, 1859)", 22687590,Amazilia saucerottei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,saucerottei,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)",Amazilia saucerottei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as A. saucerrottei. 22687599,Amazilia edward,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,edward,,,,,"(DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846)", 22730168,Amazilia tzacatl,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,tzacatl,,,,,"(de la Llave, 1833)", 22687603,Amazilia rutila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,rutila,,,,,"(DeLattre, 1842)", 61200240,Amazilia viridifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,viridifrons,,,,,"(Elliot, 1871)","Amazilia viridifrons and A. wagneri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. viridifrons following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61200304,Amazilia wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,wagneri,,,,,"(Philips, 1964)","Amazilia viridifrons and A. wagneri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. viridifrons following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22687414,Amazilia coeruleogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,coeruleogularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1851)","A. coeruleogularis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously recognised as Lepidopyga coeruleogularis (del Hoyo et al. 2014), however Ornelas et al. (2014) found it to be an Amazilia. On the basis of this finding all three Lepidopyga were moved to Amazilia." 22687411,Amazilia julie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,julie,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1842)",Ornelas et al. (2014) found Juliamyia nested within Amazilia hence the species is moved to that genus as A. julie (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020).  

Juliamyia julie (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Damophila. 22687424,Basilinna xantusii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Basilinna,xantusii,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1860)",Basilinna xantusii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Hylocharis. 103820643,Anthus lutescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,lutescens,,,,,"Pucherna, 1855","

Anthus lutescens and A. peruvianus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. lutescens following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 59291,Pseudoeurycea orchileucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,orchileucos,,,,,"(Brodie, Mendelson & Campbell, 2002)","There is a question as to whether both Pseudoeurycea orchileucos and Pseudoeurycea orchimelas are distinct, valid species." 139119297,Atrocalopteryx auco,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Atrocalopteryx,auco,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2014", 139120706,Mnais incolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Mnais,incolor,,,,,"Martin, 1921", 122802184,Rhinocypha peitho,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,peitho,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2017", 139344342,Chlorogomphus aritai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,aritai,,,,,"Karube, 2013", 139344448,Chlorogomphus caloptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,caloptera,,,,,"Karube, 2013", 139344457,Chlorogomphus canhvang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,canhvang,,,,,"Kompier & Karube, 2018",

Zhang (2019) lists this species from China but judged from the photographs this is based on a mis-identification of some other species and the species is not considered to occur in China for assessment purposes.

139347400,Pseudagrion andamanicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,andamanicum,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","

According to Fraser (1933) Pseudagrion andamanicum is separated from the very widespread P. microcephalum (Rambur, 1842) only by details of the markings of the synthorax and abdominal segment 2. However these markings are variable in P. microcephalum and it is entirely possible that P. andamanicum is merely a junior synonym of that species. A detailed study of P. microcephalum and its allies is needed.

" 50980744,Somatochlora nepalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,nepalensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1982","

Somatochlora nepalensis was described from locations in Nepal (Asahina 1982) but Asahina himself noted that his species was very close to S. daviesi Lieftinck, 1977 (known from India and Bhutan) and that he had seen a specimen from Assam that appeared to be intermediate between the two. However the two have never been formerly synonymised, although Kalkman et al. (2020) consider them synonyms.

" 139354906,Devadatta kompieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,kompieri,,,,,"Phan, Sasamoto & Hayashi, 2015","

“The differences between D. ducatrix and D. kompieri are slight and based on a comparison of very few specimens. But at the same time the complete set of differences should enable identification, although the authors stress that it is important to collaborate their findings with DNA analysis in the future, when the extent of the populations is more clear and more specimens are available” Kompier (http://odonatavietnam.blogspot.com/search/label/Devadatta, post of Saturday 1st August 2015). Indeed D. kompieri is very likely to be merely a junior synonym of D. ducatrix which is variable in the characters used to differentiate it from D. kompieri, this is an issue in need of further study.

" 139355179,Devadatta yokoii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,yokoii,,,,,"Phan, Sasamoto & Hayashi, 2015", 139357597,Anisogomphus neptunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,neptunus,,,,,"Karube & Kompier, 2016", 139358700,Anisogomphus yingsaki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,yingsaki,,,,,"Makbun, 2017", 139361494,Burmagomphus chiangmaiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,chiangmaiensis,,,,,"Makbun, 2017", 139362058,Burmagomphus schneideri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Burmagomphus,schneideri,,,,,"Do, 2011", 122210105,Leptogomphus inouei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,inouei,,,,,"Karube, 2014", 122210218,Leptogomphus tamdaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,tamdaoensis,,,,,"Karube, 2014", 122309864,Indolestes davenporti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,davenporti,,,,,"(Fraser, 1930)","

Indolestes davenporti has in the past been confused with Indolestes birmanus (Selys, 1891) and is often treated as a subspecies Indolestes gracilis davenporti of Indolestes gracilis (Hagen in Selys, 1862); see Kalkman et al. (2020).

" 122310212,Indolestes lafaeci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,lafaeci,,,,,"Seehausen, 2017", 145791930,Macromia cincta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,cincta,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 56122119,Copera rubripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,rubripes,,,,,"(Navás, 1934)","

Copera rubripes was described (in Platycnemis) from a single teneral (freshly emerged) female, see Hämäläinen (2003) who notes “Two other Copera [all these species are now placed in Pseudocopera] species are known from this area, C. annulata (Selys, 1863) … and C. tokyoensis Asahina, 1948 … Thus, P. rubripes may be conspecific with one of these two or (less likely) with C. ciliata (Selys, 1863), the range of which is known to reach northwards at least to Fujian and Taiwan”. It is likely that C. rubripes is indeed a junior synonym of a Pseudocopera species.

" 125516305,Nososticta nicobarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,nicobarica,,,,,"Rajeshkumar, Raghunathan & Chandra, 2017", 145789568,Drepanosticta seramensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,seramensis,,,,,"van Tol & Bedjanic, 2018", 125521608,Megalestes australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,australis,,,,,"Karube, 2014", 125521698,Megalestes gyalsey,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,gyalsey,,,,,"Gyeltshen, Kalkman & Orr, 2017", 125521884,Megalestes palaceus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Megalestes,palaceus,,,,,"Zhou & Zhou, 2008",

Megalestes palaceus is an inadequately described species that may well prove to be a junior synonym of some other Megalestes species.

22721519,Arremon brunneinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremon,brunneinucha,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1839)", 22721401,Arremonops conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Arremonops,conirostris,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22701223,Cymbilaimus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cymbilaimus,lineatus,,,,,"(Leach, 1814)", 22701251,Taraba major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Taraba,major,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22701275,Thamnophilus doliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,doliatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 22701296,Thamnophilus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,nigriceps,,,,,"Sclater, 1869", 22701378,Dysithamnus mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,mentalis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 103657707,Herpsilochmus scapularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,scapularis,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)","

Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus and H. scapularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. rufimarginatus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103657347,Formicivora intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,intermedia,,,,,"Cabanis, 1847","

Formicivora grisea and F. intermedia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. grisea following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22701683,Cercomacra nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacra,nigricans,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 22701786,Myrmeciza longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmeciza,longipes,,,,,"(Swainson, 1825)", 103660162,Hafferia zeledoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hafferia,zeledoni,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1909)","

Hafferia immaculata and H. zeledoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. immaculata following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 178170,Cryptoblepharus ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,ater,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)","Low levels of genetic divergence between Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus (Rocha et al. 2006) and difficulties in morphologically differentiating several forms (including the Comoran C. b. ater and C. b. mohelicus – F. Glaw pers. comm. June 2011) suggest the validity of many forms identified by Horner (2007) - who revised the genus and identified 54 species within it - requires further investigation, and the species recognized by Horner (2007) are not widely accepted by workers in the Indian Ocean region (e.g. Blom et al. 2019, Augros and Hawlitschek 2019).

The assessments for this group nonetheless follow the taxonomy proposed by Horner (2007) pending a more detailed revision of Indian Ocean Crypotoblepharus. Prior to the Horner revision, specific status was previously proposed for the Madagascan C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi and supported by significant morphological differences (Andreone and Greer 2002), but this has not been widely adopted within the region and the taxonomy of these forms remains among the most controversial in the genus.

Recent genetic evidence from a biogeographic paper (Blom et al. 2019) confirms that genetic divergence within Indian Ocean Cryptoblepharus is low, but does not sample all nominal taxa and their results suggest that divergence - including that between C. cognatus and C. voeltzkowi - is comparable to that among Pacific Cryptoblepharus lineages recognized as full species (G. Shea pers. comm. 2020)." 59388,Pseudoeurycea mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,mystax,,,,,"Bogert, 1967", 22723783,Geospiza pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,pallida,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1870)","

Geospiza pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Camarhynchus and listed as C. pallidus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103792695,Cacicus flavicrissus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,flavicrissus,,,,,"(P. L. Sclater, 1860)","

The name Cacicus vitellinus Lawrence, 1864 was incorrectly applied to the present taxon following the split of C. cela (Linneaus, 1758). The name C. flavicrissus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) has precedence and is applied. C. cela and C. vitellinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cela following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722527,Tangara episcopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,episcopus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Tangara episcopus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Thraupis following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722869,Tangara guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,guttata,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1850)", 22722881,Tangara lavinia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,lavinia,,,,,"(Cassin, 1858)", 22722878,Tangara gyrola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,gyrola,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22723122,Spodiornis rusticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Spodiornis,rusticus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Spodiornis rusticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Haplospiza and listed as H. rustica following  AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 167462770,Fukomys hanangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,hanangensis,,,,,"Faulkes, Mgode, Archer & Bennett, 2017 ", 167463928,Fukomys livingstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,BATHYERGIDAE,Fukomys,livingstoni,,,,,"Faulkes, Mgode, Archer & Bennett, 2017","Morphological, craniometric and phylogenetic analyses revealed that Fukomys livingstoni is distinct from other populations of Fukomys (Faulkes et al. 2017). It is suggested that historic geological and volcanic activity isolated F. livingstoni and F. hanangensis populations following their earlier dispersal into this region of East Africa, resulting in distinct evolutionary lineages (Faulkes et al. 2017). Based on morphology and molecular (DNA sequence) data, this species can be clearly distinguished from F. hanangensis and the neighbouring F. whytei, whose range extends into southwestern Tanzania (Faulkes et al. 2017)." 112683854,Oreophryne roedeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,roedeli,,,,,"Günther, 2015", 167502525,Apostolepis assimilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Apostolepis,assimilis,,,,,"(Reinhardt, 1861)","Apostolepis tertullianobuei was synonymized within Apostolepis assimilis within a year of its description (Ferrarezi et al. 2005) on the basis that the described characters fell within the latter species' range of variation. These authors did not, however, examine the holotype of A. tertullianobuei, and following a subsequent comparison of the holotypes of the two species Lema and Renner (2007) revalidated it. This was not followed in the checklist by Wallach et al. (2014) but was accepted by Costa and Bérnils (2015), who determined that A. parassimilis represents a junior synonym of A. tertullianobeui. The validity of this species remains in question (C. Nogueira pers. comm. 2020); and is considered doubtful, but it is accepted as valid in a recent atlas for Brazilian snakes (Nogueira et al. 2019)." 170417,Phrynocephalus vlangalii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Phrynocephalus,vlangalii,,,,,"Strauch, 1876","Phrynocephalus roborowskii was elevated to specific status (from a variant or subspecies of P. vlangalli) by Peters (1984), and has since been mentioned only in a small number of publications by German and Russian authors, mainly checklists. While this arrangement is presently considered valid (Milto and Barabanov 2012), it is not recognized by workers in China, the only known range state (Y.Z. Wang pers. comm. 2018). As both taxa are endemic to China, this assessment follows the accepted Chinese arrangement in retaining P. roborowskii within P. vlangalli." 62227,Anniella pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANNIELLIDAE,Anniella,pulchra,,,,,"Gray, 1852","A proposed change in the specific name from pulchra to nigra (Hunt 1983) was rejected by most herpetologists (see Murphy and Smith 1985, 1991; Ballinger et al. 1992; Jennings et al. 1992); 1993 rulings by the ICZN conserved the name Anniella pulchra for this species and placed the name argentea (as published in the trinomen Anniella nigra argentea, on the list of rejected and invalid names.

It has been recognized since the 1970s that Anniella pulchra as presently understood is a species complex (Bezy and Wright 1971, Bezy et al. 1977). Papenfuss and Parham (2013) recognized several new species from within Anniella pulchra: A. campi, A. alexanderae, A. stebbinsi and A. grinelli. This scheme was subsequently adopted in US national checklists but recent investigation suggests that recognizing these taxa as distinct is premature as Anniella has been insufficiently sampled throughout its distribution (G. Pauly pers. comm. 2019). Consequently the currently accepted state taxonomy in California does not recognize the species described by Papenfuss and Parham (2013) (G. Pauly pers. comm. 2019)." 12581,Macquaria australasica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,PERCICHTHYIDAE,Macquaria,australasica,,,,,"Cuvier, 1830", 158463032,Neobola kinondo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Neobola,kinondo,,,,,"Bart, Schmidt, Nyingi & Gathua 2019","This is a newly described species previously considered to be Neobola fluviatilis (Whitehead 1962, Bart et al. 2019). Neobola kinondo is confined to the Tana River drainage and N. fluviatilis is reported in the Athi River drainage." 136615,Cercocebus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercocebus,agilis,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1886","Grubb et al. (2003) treat this as a subspecies of Cercocebus galeritus, but Groves (2005) and Kingdon (2001) both treat it as a distinct taxon." 22722278,Hemithraupis flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Hemithraupis,flavicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22723396,Volatinia jacarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Volatinia,jacarina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22722391,Islerothraupis luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Islerothraupis,luctuosa,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837","

Islerothraupis luctuosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tachyphonus and listed as T. luctuosus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722394,Chrysocorypha delatrii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Chrysocorypha,delatrii,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1847","

Chrysocorypha delatrii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Tachyphonus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722400,Tachyphonus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tachyphonus,rufus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 103816722,Ramphocelus icteronotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,icteronotus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1838","

Ramphocelus flammigerus and R. icteronotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. flammigerus following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722500,Ramphocelus dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Ramphocelus,dimidiatus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1837", 22723012,Cyanerpes cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Cyanerpes,cyaneus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 103817331,Sporophila ophthalmica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,ophthalmica,,,,,"Sclater, 1860",

Sporophila corvina and S. ophthalmica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. corvina following SACC (2005 & updates).

 

103812685,Saltator olivascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,olivascens,,,,,"Cabanis, 1849","

Saltator coerulescens, S. olivascens and S. grandis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. coerulescens following AOU (1998 and supplements); SACC (2005 and updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22731538,Saltator striatipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,striatipectus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1847", 22724664,Megascops seductus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,seductus,,,,,"(Moore, 1941)", 155658784,Megascops cooperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,cooperi,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1878)","The form lambi was reassigned to Megascops asio from M. cooperi in del Hoyo and Collar (2014), however the claimed sympatry of lambi and M. cooperi (König et al. 2008) is not clear (T.S. Schulenberg in litt. 2019) and lambi is reassigned back to M. cooperi." 22688774,Megascops choliba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,choliba,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22689522,Asio clamator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Asio,clamator,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1807)",Asio clamator (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Pseudoscops. 22682261,Nystalus radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nystalus,radiatus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1854)", 22733880,Notharchus hyperrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Notharchus,hyperrhynchus,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1856)", 5861,Ctenotus lancelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ctenotus,lancelini,,,,,"Ford, 1969", 22682240,Notharchus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Notharchus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Gray, 1846)", 61998234,Notharchus tectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Notharchus,tectus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Notharchus tectus and N. subtectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. tectus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 61998257,Notharchus subtectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Notharchus,subtectus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)","Notharchus tectus and N. subtectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. tectus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22682298,Micromonacha lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Micromonacha,lanceolata,,,,,"(Deville, 1849)", 22682310,Nonnula frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nonnula,frontalis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1854)", 22682331,Monasa morphoeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Monasa,morphoeus,,,,,"(Hahn & Küster, 1823)", 103768776,Chlorospingus flavigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Chlorospingus,flavigularis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1852)","

Chlorospingus flavigularis and C. hypophaeus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. flavigularis following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22686464,Cypseloides cryptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,cryptus,,,,,"Zimmer, 1945", 22686424,Streptoprocne rutila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Streptoprocne,rutila,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22686476,Streptoprocne zonaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Streptoprocne,zonaris,,,,,"(Shaw, 1796)", 22686482,Streptoprocne semicollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Streptoprocne,semicollaris,,,,,"(Saussure, 1859)", 22686717,Chaetura chapmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,chapmani,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1907","

Chaetura chapmani (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as C. chapmani and C. viridipennis following SACC (2005), and before then lumped as C. chapmani following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22686725,Chaetura brachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,brachyura,,,,,"(Jardine, 1846)", 22686693,Chaetura spinicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,spinicaudus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1839)", 22686701,Chaetura cinereiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,cinereiventris,,,,,"Sclater, 1862", 22686759,Panyptila cayennensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Panyptila,cayennensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22686756,Panyptila sanctihieronymi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Panyptila,sanctihieronymi,,,,,"Salvin, 1863", 103882394,Polioptila maior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,POLIOPTILIDAE,Polioptila,maior,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1900)","

Polioptila plumbea and P. maior (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. plumbea (see AOU [1998 and supplements]; SACC [2005 and updates]; Sibley and Monroe [1990, 1993]; Stotz et al. [1996]).

" 22708942,Turdus albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,albicollis,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 103679869,Platyrinchus mystaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,mystaceus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818","Platyrinchus mystaceus and P. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. mystaceus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103679884,Platyrinchus albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Platyrinchus,albogularis,,,,,"Sclater, 1860","Platyrinchus mystaceus and P. albogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. mystaceus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680162,Mionectes galbinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Mionectes,galbinus,,,,,"Bangs, 1902","Mionectes olivaceus and M. galbinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. olivaceus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and   updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103680421,Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Rhynchocyclus,aequinoctialis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1858)","Rhynchocyclus olivaceus and R. aequinoctialis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. olivaceus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22699227,Tyrannulus elatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannulus,elatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22699331,Serpophaga cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Serpophaga,cinerea,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 168298161,Teniorhinus harona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Teniorhinus,harona,,,,,"(Westwood, 1881)", 168298789,Iolaus nasisii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,nasisii,,,,,"(Riley, 1928)",The tribe Iolaini does not have subtribes. 161276036,Aloeides stevensoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,stevensoni,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1973",There are no notable issues. 3844,Capys penningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Capys,penningtoni,,,,,"Riley, 1932",There are no notable issues. 161328747,Dingana jerinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dingana,jerinae,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1996",There are no notable issues. 17841,Chrysoritis endymion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,endymion,,,,,"(Pennington, 1962)", 17853,Chrysoritis orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,orientalis,,,,,"(Swanepoel, 1976)",There are no notable issues. 6331,Deloneura immaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deloneura,immaculata,,,,,"Trimen, 1868","Deloneura belongs in the tribe Pentilini not Liptenini. Subtribes are no longer used in the subfamily Poritiinae, so the name Durbaniina should be deleted. Deloneura is not divided into subgenera. The type locality of D. immaculata is ""Bashee River, Kaffraria [Eastern Cape Province, South Africa]""." 11537,Lepidochrysops hypopolia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,hypopolia,,,,,"(Trimen & Bowker, 1887)",There are no notable issues. 161320433,Orachrysops brinkmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,brinkmani,,,,,"Heath, 1997",There are no notable issues. 15413,Orachrysops ariadne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,ariadne,,,,,"(Butler, 1898)",A genetic study is underway to determine how closely related the Nkandla subpopulation is to the central KwaZulu-Natal Midlands population. 892,Aloeides rossouwi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,rossouwi,,,,,"Henning & Henning, 1982",There are no notable issues. 4826,Chrysoritis oreas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,oreas,,,,,"(Trimen, 1891)",There are no notable issues. 17844,Chrysoritis rileyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,rileyi,,,,,"Dickson, 1966",There are no notable issues. 161319448,Lepidochrysops praeterita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,praeterita,,,,,"Swanepoel, 1962",There are no notable issues. 161320641,Orachrysops regalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,regalis,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1994",There are no notable issues. 161320839,Orachrysops warreni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,warreni,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1994",There are no notable issues. 884,Aloeides egerides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,egerides,,,,,"(Riley, 1938)",There are no notable issues. 17850,Chrysoritis irene,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,irene,,,,,"(Pennington, 1968)", 21749,Thestor kaplani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,kaplani,,,,,"Dickson & Stephen, 1971",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 13274,Metisella syrinx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Metisella,syrinx,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)",There are no notable issues. 2171,Aslauga australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aslauga,australis,,,,,"Cottrell, 1981",There are no notable issues. 17852,Chrysoritis lyndseyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,lyndseyae,,,,,"(Henning, 1979)",This species was sunk in the early 2000's and then reinstated a few years later in 2011. 161319657,Lepidochrysops procera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,procera,,,,,"(Trimen, 1893)",Historical records from north of the Magaliesberg (Wonderboom and Nylsvley for example) are believed to represent Lepidochrysops vansoni and have been removed from the distribution data related to this species.

It is recommended that DNA comparisons are undertaken between samples of the four disjunct populations of this butterfly (southern Highveld grassland; eastern Mpumalanga; southern KZN and KZN Midlands). 161316523,Teriomima zuluana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Teriomima,zuluana,,,,,"van Son, 1949",There are no notable issues. 160701,Lepidochrysops gydoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,gydoae,,,,,"Dickson & Wykeham, 1994 ", 161317981,Orachrysops montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,montanus,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1994",There are no notable issues. 22433,Tsitana dicksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Tsitana,dicksoni,,,,,"Evans, 1955",There are no notable issues regarding the taxonomy of this species. The relationship between Tsitana dicksoni and other members of the Tsitana genus should be researched. 161277000,Aloeides barbarae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,barbarae,,,,,"Henning S.F. & Henning G.A., 1994",The specimens from Eswatini are in the USA and were studied from photographs supplied. The assessment author is satisfied that they represent this species. 161331776,Pseudonympha swanepoeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,swanepoeli,,,,,"van Son, 1955","This species was described from a colony near Houtbosdorp, Limpopo. This colony is under severe threat and may be extinct. However, the taxonomic position of the populations to the south, currently assigned to Pseudonympha varii, needs to be revised." 21759,Thestor yildizae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,yildizae,,,,,"Koçak, 1983",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 168306217,Lepidochrysops frederikeae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,frederikeae,,,,,"Henning & Ball, 2013", 161337239,Chrysoritis blencathrae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,blencathrae,,,,,"(Heath & Ball, 1992)",There are no notable issues. 160889,Dingana clara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dingana,clara,,,,,"(van Son, 1940) ",There are no notable issues. 11554,Lepidochrysops victori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,victori,,,,,"Pringle, 1984",There are no notable issues. 161342254,Lepidochrysops irvingi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,irvingi,,,,,"(Swanepoel, 1948)",Subtribe should be Polyommatina. 17855,Chrysoritis penningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,penningtoni,,,,,"(Riley, 1938)", 161321364,Thestor calviniae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,calviniae,,,,,"Riley, 1954",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 161318795,Thestor rooibergensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,rooibergensis,,,,,"Heath, 1994",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 161321281,Thestor barbatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,barbatus,,,,,"Henning S.F. & Henning G.A., 1997",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 161276293,Aloeides monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,monticola,,,,,"Pringle, 1994",There are no notable issues. 882,Aloeides caledoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,caledoni,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1973",There are no notable issues. 15414,Orachrysops niobe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,niobe,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)",There are no notable issues. 890,Aloeides nubilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,nubilus,,,,,"Henning & Henning, 1982","Several specimens found at from Elandshoogte near Nelspruit have extended the range of the taxon southwards, but more material needs to be studied from this locality to confirm the identification." 21752,Thestor compassbergae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,compassbergae,,,,,"Quickelberge & McMaster, 1970",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 168307820,Cassionympha perissinottoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cassionympha,perissinottoi,,,,,"Pringle, 2013","All records from the southern Cape for Cassionympha cassius will have to be re-examined, because many are likely to represent this new species. Until this is done, its distribution will remain unclear." 17840,Chrysoritis aureus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,aureus,,,,,"(van Son, 1966)",The taxonomic relationship between Chrysoritis aureus and a Chrysoritis entity that occurs near Morgenzon in Mpumalanga has been resolved as this entity is being described as a subspecies of C. aethon. 161279834,Aloeides clarki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,clarki,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 11548,Lepidochrysops penningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,penningtoni,,,,,"Dickson, 1969","The taxonomy of this species needs to be reviewed. Several new populations have been found which may be referable to this taxon. There is uncertainty about the taxonomic status of a number of Namaqualand populations which may or may not belong to this species (Henning et al. 2009)." 17847,Chrysoritis daphne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,daphne,,,,,"(Dickson, 1975)",There are no notable issues. 15767,Chrysoritis dicksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,dicksoni,,,,,"(Gabriel, 1947)","There are small morphological differences between the subpopulations on the West Coast and those on the South Coast, but not sufficient to justify distinction at subspecies level. Genetic comparisons are not possible because there are no extant subpopulations on the West Coast from which to obtain DNA samples for comparison." 161281661,Anthene lindae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,lindae,,,,,"Henning S.F. & Henning G.A., 1994", 161277940,Kedestes sarahae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,sarahae,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1998","Morphologically, Kedestes sarahae is similar to Kedestes barberae. 

The subspecies Kedestes barberae bonsa displays features transitional between K. b. barbarae and K. sarahae, and the latter may thus represent another subspecies of K. barberae.

It is recommended that DNA comparisons are undertaken to help resolve the relationship between these taxa." 885,Aloeides lutescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,lutescens,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",There are no notable issues. 4562,Charaxes marieps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,marieps,,,,,"van Someren & Jackson, 1957",There are no notable issues. 161341657,Hypolycaena lochmophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypolycaena,lochmophila,,,,,"Tite, 1967", 11538,Lepidochrysops loewensteini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,loewensteini,,,,,"(Swanepoel, 1951)",There are no notable issues. 161335624,Iolaus aemulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,aemulus,,,,,"Trimen, 1895",There are no notable issues. 17842,Chrysoritis lyncurium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,lyncurium,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)",It has been hypothesised that Chrysoritis lyncurium is the most westerly form of a cline with adults becoming gradually paler until it becomes C. lycegenes in the east (Owen-Johnson 1991). 11549,Lepidochrysops pephredo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,pephredo,,,,,"(Trimen, 1889)",There are no notable issues. 11552,Lepidochrysops quickelbergei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,quickelbergei,,,,,"Swanepoel, 1969", 11539,Lepidochrysops lotana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,lotana,,,,,"Swanepoel, 1962",Should be subtribe Polyommatina. 11536,Lepidochrysops bacchus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,bacchus,,,,,"Riley, 1938","There is some uncertainty about the taxonomic status of subpopulations in the Bitterfontein-Garies area. Some authorities (see Pringle et al. 1994) contend that they are referable to Lepidochrysops bacchus while others regard them as belonging to L. penningtoni. Further research (including molecular genetics), is needed to clarify this." 159833,Cassionympha camdeboo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cassionympha,camdeboo,,,,,"(Dickson, 1981) ",There are no notable issues. 161321888,Thestor pictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,pictus,,,,,"van Son, 1941",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). No taxonomic issues. 161338146,Chrysoritis violescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,violescens,,,,,"(Dickson, 1971)",There are no notable issues. 161326462,Dingana fraterna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dingana,fraterna,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1996",There are no notable issues. 161277876,Platylesches dolomitica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,dolomitica,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1997",There are no notable issues. 161336484,Erikssonia edgei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Erikssonia,edgei,,,,,"Gardiner & Terblanche, 2010","The Waterberg population of Erikssonia was formerly thought to represent Erikssonia acraeina. This population has subsequently been described as a new species, Erikssonia edgei, by Gardiner and Terblanche (2010)." 21757,Thestor strutti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,strutti,,,,,"van Son, 1951",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 11544,Lepidochrysops jefferyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,jefferyi,,,,,"(Swierstra, 1909)",Subtribe should be Polyommatina. 161328590,Dingana dingana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dingana,dingana,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)",There are no notable issues. 161341276,Lepidochrysops mcgregori,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,mcgregori,,,,,"Pennington, 1970",There are no notable issues. 161339344,Crudaria wykehami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Crudaria,wykehami,,,,,"Dickson, 1983","The genus is in need of revision. In the Eastern Cape at least, Crudaria wykehami and C. leroma appear to be distinct, with populations of leroma being found in the Fish River Valley, and those of wykehami on the higher ground on both sides overlooking this valley and beyond. They, therefore, overlap but without any evidence of intermingling so far (E.L. Pringle, pers. comm.). It has also been noted that, unlike leroma, the females of wykehami have a black tip to the abdomen (A. Heath pers. comm., Heath 1997). 

There is good evidence to suggest that the type locality of Fraserburg given for this taxon was erroneous, and that the original specimens were found in the Eastern Cape. There are, therefore, no proven records from the Northern Cape." 161277582,Abantis bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Abantis,bicolor,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)","There are no notable issues. Abantis bicolor is a distinctive species that cannot easily be mistaken for other members of its genus. All subpopulations show some variation in the extent of the black upper side markings, and this variation appears to be consistent across subpopulations. Flight range is based on behaviour on sites where males are found on hilltops and females lower down on flowers; typically these sites are of the order of 1,000 m apart." 11543,Lepidochrysops balli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,balli,,,,,"Dickson, 1985",Subtribe should be Polyommatina. 17859,Chrysoritis trimeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,trimeni,,,,,"(Riley, 1938)",There are no notable issues. 161321464,Thestor claassensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,claassensi,,,,,"Heath & Pringle, 2004",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). No notable issues. 20972,Stygionympha dicksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,dicksoni,,,,,"(Riley, 1938)",There are no notable issues. 161318961,Thestor camdeboo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,camdeboo,,,,,"Dickson & Wykeham, 1994",Genus recently revised by Heath and Pringle (2004). 161326998,Torynesis orangica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Torynesis,orangica,,,,,"Vári, 1971 ","No notable issues, but the genus is in need of revision." 161280225,Metisella meninx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Metisella,meninx,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)","Previous records from Angola were presumed to be incorrect. However, T.B. Larsen has recently confirmed that this species does occur in that country (M.C. Williams, pers. comm.).

A research paper distinguishing two subspecies from the nominate subspecies has been submitted for publication. One of these subspecies comprises the population in Angola." 772,Alaena margaritacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Alaena,margaritacea,,,,,"Eltringham, 1929",There are no notable issues. 161330850,Neita lotenia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neita,lotenia,,,,,"(van Son, 1949)",There are no notable issues. 11551,Lepidochrysops pringlei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,pringlei,,,,,"Dickson, 1982",Subtribe should be Polyommatina. 161329408,Serradinga kammanassiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Serradinga,kammanassiensis,,,,,"(Henning S.F. & Henning G.A., 1994)",There are no notable issues. 11553,Lepidochrysops swanepoeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,swanepoeli,,,,,"Pennington, 1948",Subtribe should be Polyommatina. 11547,Lepidochrysops outeniqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,outeniqua,,,,,"Swanepoel & Vári, 1983",Subtribe should be Polyommatina. 161320920,Trimenia wykehami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Trimenia,wykehami,,,,,"Dickson, 1969",There are no notable issues. 161320521,Orachrysops mijburghi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,mijburghi,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1994","A population discovered at Suikerbosrand has characteristics intermediate between Orachrysops mijburghi and Orachrysops lacrimosa (Terblanche and Edge 2007).

At a locality near Greylingstad, both above-mentioned species occur, although at different times of the year (Dobson pers. obs.)." 161320740,Orachrysops violescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,violescens,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1994",There are no notable issues. 161327414,Dingana alaedeus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dingana,alaedeus,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1984",There are no notable issues. 11545,Lepidochrysops littoralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,littoralis,,,,,"Swanepoel & Vári, 1983","Lepidochrysops littoralis is quite a variable species with populations at the limits of its range showing differences, e.g. Mossel Bay (Edge 2005). A future investigation may show some taxonomically significant infraspecific variation." 160047,Dixeia leucophanes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Dixeia,leucophanes,,,,,"Vári, 1976","The species is possibly nothing but a variation of the common and widely distributed Dixeia doxo with which is has been recorded sympatrically. The pattern of lowland distribution of the species seems an unlikely one for an endemic species, with no obvious biogeographical or ecological rationale. However, A. Gardiner of the Harare branch of the Lepidopterist's Society of Africa (pers. comm. 2008) considers it should be maintained at species level.

Larsen (2011), in his assessment of this taxon in the IUCN Red List doubted the veracity of treating it as a species distinct from Dixeia doxo parva. This reservation is unfounded. The male genitalia of D. leucophanes are very different from those of D. doxo parva, and in wing characters of the male D. leucophanes differs as follows:
  • forewing apex more acute than in D. doxo parva;
  • ground colour bluish white with an opalescent sheen in very fresh specimens, more creamy white in D. doxo parva;
  • discocellulars of fore- and hindwing underside without a distinct black spot, except a faint one in some specimens (the main wing distinguishing characteristic used in the original description of D. leucophanes), D. doxo parva has distinct discocellular spots;
  • subcostal vein on hindwing upperside white in basal half, entirely black in D. doxo parva; 
  • forewing upperside costa pronounced and bluish grey in colour, less pronounced and black in D. doxo parva. 

The females exhibit similar but less obvious differences, the forewing apex being very acute and the dark markings generally more precise and smaller in D. leucophanes." 22700596,Legatus leucophaius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Legatus,leucophaius,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 103682414,Myiophobus crypterythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,crypterythrus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1861)","Myiophobus fasciatus, M. crypterythrus and M. rufescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. fasciatus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103682419,Myiophobus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiophobus,rufescens,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1864)","Myiophobus fasciatus, M. crypterythrus and M. rufescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. fasciatus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103683897,Contopus punensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Contopus,punensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1869","Contopus cinereus , C. punensis and C. bogotensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cinereus following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and   updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 12764,Manis pentadactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PHOLIDOTA,MANIDAE,Manis,pentadactyla,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 103661274,Sittasomus griseicapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sittasomus,griseicapillus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)","

Sittasomus griseicapillus and S. griseus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. griseicapillus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103661261,Deconychura longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Deconychura,longicauda,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)","

Deconychura longicauda, D. typica and D. pallida (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. longicauda following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22703089,Dendrocolaptes picumnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Dendrocolaptes,picumnus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1820", 22702998,Xenops rutilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xenops,rutilus,,,,,"Temminck, 1821",

Xenops rutilus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Xenops rutilans.

 

22728530,Pseudocolaptes johnsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Pseudocolaptes,johnsoni,,,,,"Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922","

Pseudocolaptes lawrencii and P. johnsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. lawrencii following AOU (1998 and supplements), SACC (2005 and updates) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22702858,Philydor rufum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Philydor,rufum,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22702910,Automolus ochrolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,ochrolaemus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 103672218,Automolus subulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Automolus,subulatus,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Automolus subulatus and A. viragtus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Hyloctistes subulatus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 39992,Piliocolobus kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,kirkii,,,,,"(Gray, 1868)","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Although considered a subspecies of badius by Rahm (1970) and of pennantii by Delson et al. (1982), all recent taxonomic appraisals have treated the Zanzibar Red Colobus as a monotypic species (Dandelot 1971, Napier 1985, Oates 1986, Kingdon 1997, 2015; Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Grubb et al. 2013), Groves and Ting (2013), and Siex and Struhsaker (2013).

" 16022,Papio ursinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Papio,ursinus,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","Although up to eight Chacma forms have been suggested in the literature (Hill 1970), today only three are commonly accepted (Jolly 1993, Groves 2001). These are: P. u. ursinus, P. u. griseipes, and P. u. ruacana. Papio u. ursinus, the typical Chacma, is a large baboon with black nape fringes, dark brown hair, black hair on hands and feet and a relatively short tail. This variant occurs in the more southerly and westerly part of the Chacma range, including South Africa and some parts of Botswana. This group incorporates Hill’s (1970) ursinus, orientalis and occidentalis subspecies. Papio ursinus griseipes, the Grey-footed Baboon, is more fawn coloured and found in southwestern Zambia, Zimbabwe, in Mozambique south of the Zambezi, in parts of the Limpopo Province of South Africa, and in the Okavango Delta, Botswana (Jolly 1993). These baboons are smaller than P. u. ursinus and have grey hands and feet, the same colour as their limbs, and a longer tail. This group incorporates Hill’s griesipes, ngamiensis, chobiensis and jubilaeus subspecies. Today it is clear that jubilaeus is in fact a Yellow Baboon and not a Chacma at all. Papio ursinus ruacana is a small black-footed baboon that is darker than P. u. griseipes and smaller than P. u. ursinus. It is found in Namibia and southwestern Angola (Groves 2001).

Mitochondrial genetic data confirm at least two distinct lineages within Chacma separating the species into northern (griseipes) and southern (ursinus) populations (Sithaldeen et al. 2009; Zinner et al. 2009). A third genetic clade may represent orientalis (Keller et al. 2010). As yet, no definitive data exist that distinguish a genetically distinct ruacana clade." 22687562,Amazilia boucardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,boucardi,,,,,"(Mulsant, 1877)", 61881,Pseudophilautus hallidayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,hallidayi,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005)","Named as Philautus hallidayi by Meegaskumbura and Manamendra-Arachchi (2005), the genus has been revised and replaced with Pseudophilautus by Li et al. (2009)." 22680774,Picumnus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picumnus,olivaceus,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1845", 22733729,Melanerpes chrysauchen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,chrysauchen,,,,,"Salvin, 1870", 22680840,Melanerpes chrysogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,chrysogenys,,,,,"(Vigors, 1839)", 22680850,Melanerpes rubricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,rubricapillus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1862)", 22680865,Melanerpes hoffmannii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,hoffmannii,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1862)", 22681212,Veniliornis kirkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Veniliornis,kirkii,,,,,"(Malherbe, 1845)", 22681243,Piculus chrysochloros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Piculus,chrysochloros,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 22681272,Colaptes punctigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,punctigula,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22727150,Campephilus haematogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,haematogaster,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Campephilus haematogaster and C. splendens (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. haematogaster following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22681405,Campephilus melanoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,melanoleucos,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22682102,Ramphastos sulfuratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,sulfuratus,,,,,"Lesson, 1830", 22695025,Gampsonyx swainsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gampsonyx,swainsonii,,,,,"Vigors, 1825", 22694967,Leptodon cayanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Leptodon,cayanensis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22696193,Spizaetus tyrannus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spizaetus,tyrannus,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22696120,Spizaetus melanoleucus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spizaetus,melanoleucus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 22695060,Harpagus bidentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Harpagus,bidentatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22695565,Accipiter superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,superciliosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22695669,Accipiter bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,bicolor,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22695069,Ictinia plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Ictinia,plumbea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695842,Busarellus nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Busarellus,nigricollis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22695729,Geranospiza caerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Geranospiza,caerulescens,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22695051,Helicolestes hamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Helicolestes,hamatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)", 22695832,Buteogallus meridionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,meridionalis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22695827,Buteogallus urubitinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,urubitinga,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695754,Morphnarchus princeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Morphnarchus,princeps,,,,,"(Sclater, 1865)",Morphnarchus princeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis. 22695880,Rupornis magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Rupornis,magnirostris,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",Rupornis magnirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Buteo. 22695786,Pseudastur albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pseudastur,albicollis,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)",Pseudastur albicollis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis. 22695775,Leucopternis semiplumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Leucopternis,semiplumbeus,,,,,"Lawrence, 1861", 22727766,Buteo nitidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,nitidus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)","

Buteo nitidus and B. plagiatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. nitidus following AOU (2006), the gender agreement of which follows David and Gosselin (2002a), and before then were placed in the genus Asturina following AOU (1998), and before then were split as A. nitida and A. plagiata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22690854,Leptotila verreauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,verreauxi,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1855", 22731776,Sporophila morelleti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,morelleti,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Sporophila torqueola and S. morelleti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. torqueola following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 12798,Pseudunio auricularius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,MARGARITIFERIDAE,Pseudunio,auricularius,,,,,"(Spengler, 1793)","Haas (1910) proposed the genus Pseudunio for this species, in order to distinguish it from M. margaritifera. Pseudunio was then synonymized by Ortmann (1911). Pseudunio was used again by Haas (1969) to distinguish P. auricularius and its ""variety"" P. auricularius marocanus (Pallary 1918) from the other species of the genus Margaritifera. More recently, the genus Pseudunio was used again by Smith (2001), Falkner et al. (2002) and Nienhuis (2003).

We now know (Araujo et al. 2009) that P. auricularius and P. marocanus are distinct species belonging to the same clade (thus monophyletic). Moreover, Vikhrev et al. (2017) redescribed ""Margaritifera homsensis"" (Lea, 1865) from specimens collected in Turkey, following the discovery of a few individuals living in the Karasu River, Orontes River Basin. The sequences produced by these authors are very close to those of P. auricularius in France and Spain, to the extent that these two populations could be considered as belonging to the same species regarding the molecular data (the authors discuss the reasons why they maintain the distinction between the two species).

Because the three species P. auricularius, P. homesensis and P. marocanus form a monophyletic clade and present a set of distinct ecological and morphological traits from the other species in the genus Margaritifera, the name Pseudunio was re-established by Lopes-Lima et al. (2018). Lyubas et al. (2019) consider the fossil species P. flabellatus from the Danube as the common ancestor of P. auricularius and P. homesensis." 22689325,Micrathene whitneyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Micrathene,whitneyi,,,,,"(Cooper, 1861)", 22694906,Aethia psittacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Aethia,psittacula,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22694921,Aethia pusilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Aethia,pusilla,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22694918,Aethia pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Aethia,pygmaea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22694931,Fratercula corniculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Fratercula,corniculata,,,,,"(Naumann, 1821)", 22694934,Fratercula cirrhata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Fratercula,cirrhata,,,,,"(Pallas, 1769)", 22689717,Chordeiles gundlachii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Chordeiles,gundlachii,,,,,"Lawrence, 1856", 22689731,Nyctidromus albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctidromus,albicollis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22689801,Antrostomus ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Antrostomus,ridgwayi,,,,,"Nelson, 1897",Antrostomus ridgwayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Caprimulgus. 22721633,Leiothlypis crissalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Leiothlypis,crissalis,,,,,"(Salvin & Godman, 1889)","

Leiothlypis crissalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Vermivora following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103798640,Setophaga pitiayumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,pitiayumi,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)","

Setophaga pitiayumi and S. graysoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Parula and lumped as P. pitiayumi following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22726830,Trogon elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Trogon,elegans,,,,,"Gould, 1834","

Trogon elegans and T. ambiguus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. elegans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22683634,Megaceryle torquata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Megaceryle,torquata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22683652,Chloroceryle americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Chloroceryle,americana,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22694476,Rhodostethia rosea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Rhodostethia,rosea,,,,,"(MacGillivray, 1824)", 22694340,Larus livens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,livens,,,,,"Dwight, 1919", 22694794,Anous stolidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Anous,stolidus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22694740,Onychoprion fuscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Onychoprion,fuscatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Onychoprion fuscatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna as S. fuscata.

22684434,Crotophaga ani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Crotophaga,ani,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22692275,Coturnicops noveboracensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Coturnicops,noveboracensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22693550,Jacana spinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Jacana,spinosa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22698201,Ardenna gravis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Ardenna,gravis,,,,,"(O'Reilly, 1818)",Ardenna gravis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Puffinus. 22687746,Eugenes fulgens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eugenes,fulgens,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22687664,Lampornis clemenciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lampornis,clemenciae,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22688185,Calothorax lucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Calothorax,lucifer,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22725767,Cynanthus latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Cynanthus,latirostris,,,,,"Swainson, 1827","

Cynanthus latirostris, C. doubledayi and C. lawrencei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. latirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725775,Cynanthus doubledayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Cynanthus,doubledayi,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)","

Cynanthus latirostris, C. doubledayi and C. lawrencei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. latirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22687624,Amazilia violiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,violiceps,,,,,"(Gould, 1859)", 22698572,Hydrobates furcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,furcatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",Hydrobates furcatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma as O. furcata. 22698557,Hydrobates melania,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,HYDROBATIDAE,Hydrobates,melania,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)",Hydrobates melania (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Oceanodroma. 22697724,Fregata magnificens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,FREGATIDAE,Fregata,magnificens,,,,,"Mathews, 1914", 22696683,Sula nebouxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Sula,nebouxii,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1882", 22696694,Sula sula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,SULIDAE,Sula,sula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22694971,Chondrohierax uncinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Chondrohierax,uncinatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22695048,Rostrhamus sociabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Rostrhamus,sociabilis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22735514,Buteogallus anthracinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,anthracinus,,,,,"(Depp, 1830)", 22695906,Geranoaetus albicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Geranoaetus,albicaudatus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Geranoaetus albicaudatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Buteo. 22727773,Buteo plagiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,plagiatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1862)","

Buteo nitidus and B. plagiatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. nitidus following AOU (2006), the gender agreement of which follows David and Gosselin (2002a), and before then were placed in the genus Asturina following AOU (1998), and before then were split as A. nitida and A. plagiata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22695897,Buteo brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,brachyurus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 22695926,Buteo albonotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,albonotatus,,,,,"Kaup, 1847", 19509,Rhinocypha hageni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,hageni,,,,,"Krüger, 1898", 169229426,Squalus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,formosus,,,,,White & Iglésias 2011, 169231349,Etmopterus joungi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,joungi,,,,,"Knuckey, Ebert & Burgess, 2011", 169232559,Cephaloscyllium formosanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Cephaloscyllium,formosanum,,,,,"Teng, 1962","This speices was considered a junior synonym of Cephaloscyllium isabellum by Springer (1979) and of C. umbratile by Schaaf-da Silva & Ebert (2008), but resurrected as a valid species by Nakaya et al. (2013)." 169233669,Scoliodon macrorhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Scoliodon,macrorhynchos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","The genus Scoliodon, represented by S. laticaudus, was previously considered monotypic but now consists of three species with S. macrorhynchus resurrected from the junior synonym of S. laticaudus (White et al. 2010)." 169234837,Platyrhina hyugaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,PLATYRHINIDAE,Platyrhina,hyugaensis,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Miyamoto & Nakaya, 2011",

This is a newly described species that was previously referred to as Platyrhina sinensis (Iwatsuki et al. 2011).

169234885,Platyrhina tangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,PLATYRHINIDAE,Platyrhina,tangi,,,,,"Iwatsuki, Zhang & Nakaya, 2011",

This is a newly described species that was previously referred to as Platyrhina sinensis (Iwatsuki et al. 2011).

169236848,Dipturus chinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,chinensis,,,,,"(Basilewsky, 1855)",This species has been confused with the Kwangtung Skate (Dipturus kwangtunensis) that occurs further south; the Polkadot Skate has a shorter snout and more symmetrical pattern on blotches on the dorsal surface (Last et al. 2016). 169300788,Charaxes tavetensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,tavetensis,,,,,"Rothschild, 1894", 169301047,Charaxes saturnus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,saturnus,,,,,"Butler, [1866]", 169301425,Spialia ferax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,ferax,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1863)","This treatment of this taxon follows Williams (2019). Other taxonomies, e.g. Beccaloni et al. (2021) place it as a subspecies of Spialia diomus." 169301642,Libythea laius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Libythea,laius,,,,,"Trimen, 1879", 59225,Chiropterotriton dimidiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,dimidiatus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)", 169592,Amblyceps macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMBLYCIPITIDAE,Amblyceps,macropterus,,,,,"Ng, 2001", 169364191,Sisor pakistanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Sisor,pakistanicus,,,,,"Javed & Mirza, 2011","The description of Sisor pakistanicus (Javed and Mirza 2011) does not mention accession numbers for the type series. Therefore, the validity of the species is doubtful. All records of Sisor from Pakistan mention only Sisor rabdopophorus. However, a comparison of  illustration provided in the description (Javed and Mirza 2011) with specimens recorded from the Ganges shows that Sisor pakistanicus may be a distinct species." 65080285,Garra hindii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,hindii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1905)", 169388855,Triplophysa hazaraensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,hazaraensis,,,,,"(Omer & Mirza, 1975)",Triplophysa hazaraensis is considered a valid species endemic to Pakistan (M. Rafique pers. comm. 2020) and not a synonym of T. grifithi as mentioned in Fricke et al. (2020). 169388991,Triplophysa naziri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,naziri,,,,,"(Ahmad & Mirza, 1963)",Triplophysa naziri is considered a synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868) by Fricke et al. (2020) but regional taxonomic experts at the Pakistan Freshwater Fish Red List Assessment workshop considered this a valid endemic species (M. Rafique pers. comm. 2020) 169389308,Glyptothorax naziri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,naziri,,,,,"Mirza & Naik, 1969","This species is currently considered a synonym of Glyptothorax kashmirensis Hora, 1923 by Javed et al. (2013) and followed by Fricke et al. (2020). However, as per the information provided by taxonomic experts (M. Rafique pers. comm. 2020) at the Pakistan Red List Assessment Meeting (February 2020), G. naziri is a valid endemic species of Pakistan." 59390,Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,nigromaculata,,,,,"(Taylor, 1941)",It is likely that this form consists of two separate species (G. Parra-Olea and D. Wake pers. comm.). 5146,Colobus vellerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Colobus,vellerosus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1834)",Listed as a separate species from Colobus polykomos following Oates and Trocco (1983) and Groves (2005). 55681,Charadrahyla trux,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Charadrahyla,trux,,,,,"(Adler & Dennis, 1972)",This species was previously included in the genus Hyla but has been moved to the new genus Charadrahyla (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55906,Smilisca dentata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Smilisca,dentata,,,,,"(Smith, 1957)",This species was previously included in the genus Pternohyla which was synonymized with Smilisca (Faivovich et al. 2005). 169755340,Lamiopsis tephrodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Lamiopsis,tephrodes,,,,,"(Fowler, 1905)","The taxonomy of Lamiopsis has recently been resolved with White et al. (2010) resurrecting and redescribing Lamiopsis tephrodes from South-east Asia, and Akhilesh et al. (2016) redescribing Lamiopsis temminckii from the Arabian Sea." 169836996,Akheilos suwartanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Akheilos,suwartanai,,,,,"White, Fahmi & Weigmann, 2019", 169837826,Glyptosternon oschanini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptosternon,oschanini,,,,,"(Herzenstein, 1889)", 169837974,Cottus jaxartensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,jaxartensis,,,,,"Berg, 1916","Fricke et al. (2020) consider this species a synonym of Cottus gobio, following Kottelat (1197) which tentatively assigns it as a synonym. Here, we consider Cottus jaxartensis a valid species following Mitrofanov and Dukravec (1989)." 169838369,Schizothorax eurystomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,eurystomus,,,,,"Kessler, 1872", 169838713,Schizothorax fedtschenkoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,fedtschenkoi,,,,,"Kessler, 1872", 169838762,Schizothorax saltans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,saltans,,,,,"Turdakov, 1955", 169839865,Dzihunia ilan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Dzihunia,ilan,,,,,"(Turdakov, 1936)", 169839994,Triplophysa dorsonotatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,dorsonotatus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1879)", 169840033,Triplophysa elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,elegans,,,,,"(Kessler, 1874)", 169840070,Triplophysa kafirnigani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,kafirnigani,,,,,"(Turdakov, 1948)", 169840086,Triplophysa kungessana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,kungessana,,,,,"(Kessler, 1879)", 169840127,Triplophysa uranoscopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,uranoscopus,,,,,"(Kessler, 1872)", 169844353,Gobio latus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GOBIONIDAE,Gobio,latus,,,,,"Anikin, 1905","Fricke et al. (2020) treat this species as a synonym of Gobio gobio. However, according to Kottelat and Freyhof (2007), G. gobio does not occur east of the Black Sea basin where this species is found, and therefore G. latus cannot be a synonym of G. gobio. Here, G. latus is treated as a valid species until there are data demonstrating otherwise." 169851969,Sarcohyla toyota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,toyota,,,,,"Grünwald, Franz-Chávez, Morales-Flores, Ahumada-Carrillo & Jones, 2019","This is a split from the broader concept of Sarcohyla thorectes (Grünwald et al. 2019)." 169928580,Triplophysa lacusnigri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Triplophysa,lacusnigri,,,,,"(Berg, 1928)", 22686894,Hemiprocne longipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,HEMIPROCNIDAE,Hemiprocne,longipennis,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1802)", 184044,Gillichthys mirabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Gillichthys,mirabilis,,,,,"Cooper, 1864", 169500893,Enthora catalai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,catalai,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169500960,Enthora polita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,polita,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1878", 169500983,Enthora alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,alluaudi,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169501818,Enthora atomaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,atomaria,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1905", 169501841,Enthora chlorodera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,chlorodera,,,,,"Blanchard, 1850", 169501853,Enthora lunata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,lunata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169501875,Enthora miliaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,miliaris,,,,,"Kolbe, 1894", 169501936,Enthora ornata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enthora,ornata,,,,,"Nonfried, 1891", 169502899,Encya albostriata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Encya,albostriata,,,,,"Brenske, 1891", 169503765,Encya commersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Encya,commersoni,,,,,"(Olivier, 1789)", 169504192,Encya sikorae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Encya,sikorae,,,,,"Brenske, 1891", 169504786,Encya strigiscutata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Encya,strigiscutata,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1883", 169505221,Bisencya bisignata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,bisignata,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1851)", 169505964,Bisencya catalai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,catalai,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169506003,Bisencya gutticollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,gutticollis,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169506224,Bisencya invulnerata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,invulnerata,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169506492,Bisencya lacunosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,lacunosa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169506619,Bisencya pyriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,pyriformis,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169506713,Bisencya sogai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,sogai,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169506733,Bisencya viettei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Bisencya,viettei,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169507269,Globencya cribrata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Globencya,cribrata,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169507570,Globencya farafanganae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Globencya,farafanganae,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1899)", 169507658,Globencya griveaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Globencya,griveaudi,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169508041,Eutrichesis bourgini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Eutrichesis,bourgini,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169508319,Eutrichesis pilosicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Eutrichesis,pilosicollis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1882", 169508798,Eutrichesis punctatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Eutrichesis,punctatus,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1882", 169509076,Anenaria rubiginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Anenaria,rubiginea,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169509929,Anthrencya anthracina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Anthrencya,anthracina,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1903)", 169510014,Anthrencya arrowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Anthrencya,arrowi,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169510223,Anthrencya castanipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Anthrencya,castanipes,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169510798,Anthrencya lebisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Anthrencya,lebisi,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169511284,Pseudencya cinnabarina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudencya,cinnabarina,,,,,"Lacroix, 1991", 169511950,Mucrencya mucronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Mucrencya,mucronata,,,,,"(Klug, 1833)", 169512579,Lebbea triangularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Lebbea,triangularis,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169513289,Varencya conspersa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,conspersa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169513444,Varencya devillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,devillei,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169513662,Varencya homalophalla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,homalophalla,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169514062,Varencya intricata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,intricata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169514197,Varencya longiclava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,longiclava,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169514618,Varencya mocquerysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,mocquerysi,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169515037,Varencya montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,montana,,,,,"(Moser, 1919)", 169515264,Varencya notata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,notata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169515348,Varencya perinetensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,perinetensis,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169515719,Varencya picea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,picea,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169516428,Varencya tessellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,tessellata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169516474,Varencya varia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,varia,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169516772,Varencya variipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,variipennis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1851)", 169517470,Varencya vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Varencya,vittata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169518018,Apicencya apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,apicalis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1850)", 169518528,Apicencya calva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,calva,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169519313,Apicencya nuda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,nuda,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169519333,Apicencya parva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,parva,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169520143,Apicencya pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,pauliani,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169520294,Apicencya plagulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,plagulata,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1901)", 169520780,Apicencya speculifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,speculifera,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1903)", 169520890,Apicencya vadoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,vadoni,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169520949,Apicencya waterloti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Apicencya,waterloti,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169521738,Semienaria descarpentriesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Semienaria,descarpentriesi,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169525668,Polyenaria ciliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Polyenaria,ciliata,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169526080,Ravautiana jucunda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Ravautiana,jucunda,,,,,"Lacroix, 1991", 169526236,Synenaria borealis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Synenaria,borealis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169526346,Pentaphylla gieseckiei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pentaphylla,gieseckiei,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169526659,Djafouna fairmairei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Djafouna,fairmairei,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169527133,Machala transversa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Machala,transversa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169600596,Enaria alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,alluaudi,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169600810,Enaria ambalavaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,ambalavaoensis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169600850,Enaria andriai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,andriai,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169600901,Enaria androyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,androyensis,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169600962,Enaria antanala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,antanala,,,,,"Künckel, 1887", 169601113,Enaria asperula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,asperula,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1899", 169601343,Enaria barbieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,barbieri,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169601386,Enaria betiokensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,betiokensis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169601392,Enaria biapicata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,biapicata,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1901", 169601401,Enaria boissayei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,boissayei,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169798785,Enaria perrieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,perrieri,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169799023,Enaria grandidieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,grandidieri,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169799085,Enaria melanictera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,melanictera,,,,,"(Klug., 1833)", 169799232,Enaria pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,pauliani,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169799463,Enaria fasciaria,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,fasciaria,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169799739,Enaria micantipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,micantipennis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1851)", 169872308,Enaria rubescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,rubescens,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169872366,Enaria cinerea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,cinerea,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1851)", 169872761,Enaria speculifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,speculifera,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1903", 169872820,Enaria squamata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,squamata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169872916,Enaria scapulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,scapulata,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1903", 169873007,Enaria tulearensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,tulearensis,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169873038,Enaria eliei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,eliei,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169873067,Enaria granulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,granulosa,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1899", 169873124,Enaria grossepunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,grossepunctata,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169873226,Enaria conspurcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,conspurcata,,,,,"(Klug, 1833)", 169873581,Enaria mathiauxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,mathiauxi,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169873807,Enaria scutellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,scutellata,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169873887,Enaria seyrigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,seyrigi,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169874210,Enaria laeviscutata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,laeviscutata,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1899", 169874393,Enaria marginata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,marginata,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1882", 169874558,Enaria orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,orientalis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169874617,Enaria crassa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,crassa,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1899", 169874900,Enaria hepatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,hepatica,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169875094,Enaria limbalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,limbalis,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1899", 169929662,Enaria reticulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,reticulata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169929725,Enaria locellata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Enaria,locellata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169929797,Cherbezatina micropunctata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,micropunctata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169929812,Cherbezatina alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,alluaudi,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169929840,Cherbezatina bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,bicolor,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169929854,Cherbezatina pinguis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,pinguis,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1899)", 169929919,Cherbezatina dilutipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,dilutipes,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169975676,Cherbezatina rufofulva,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,rufofulva,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1880)", 169975860,Cherbezatina maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,maculata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169975882,Cherbezatina kalalaoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,kalalaoensis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169975927,Cherbezatina fuliginosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,fuliginosa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169976167,Cherbezatina setigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,setigera,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169976259,Cherbezatina apposita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,apposita,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169976265,Cherbezatina spadicea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,spadicea,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169976402,Cherbezatina depressiuscula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,depressiuscula,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169976516,Cherbezatina latifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,latifrons,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169976609,Cherbezatina marmorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,marmorata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169976676,Cherbezatina andriai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,andriai,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169976802,Cherbezatina integra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,integra,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169976836,Cherbezatina margiciliata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,margiciliata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169976923,Cherbezatina squamulosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,squamulosa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169977178,Cherbezatina pierroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,pierroni,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169977254,Cherbezatina meridiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,meridiana,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169977313,Cherbezatina viossati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,viossati,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169977385,Cherbezatina oblongula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,oblongula,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1903)", 169977521,Cherbezatina mandarina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,mandarina,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169977559,Cherbezatina livens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,livens,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169977694,Cherbezatina strigosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,strigosa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169977944,Cherbezatina pilosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,pilosa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169978075,Cherbezatina fanovanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,fanovanensis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169978176,Cherbezatina parallela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,parallela,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169978319,Cherbezatina laevis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,laevis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169978608,Cherbezatina ferruginea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,ferruginea,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169978627,Cherbezatina scrobiculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Cherbezatina,scrobiculata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169979534,Pseudenaria maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,maculata,,,,,"(Moser, 1919)", 169979974,Pseudenaria bidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,bidens,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169980043,Pseudenaria sogai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,sogai,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169980116,Pseudenaria ornatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,ornatipennis,,,,,"(Blanchard, 1851)", 169980174,Pseudenaria vadoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,vadoni,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169980360,Pseudenaria fairmairei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,fairmairei,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169980502,Pseudenaria catalai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,catalai,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169981158,Pseudenaria unguicularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pseudenaria,unguicularis,,,,,"(Moser, 1919)", 169981501,Vadonaria guilhoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Vadonaria,guilhoni,,,,,"Dewailly, 1950", 169981599,Vadonaria ambreensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Vadonaria,ambreensis,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 169981739,Vadonaria maxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Vadonaria,maxima,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169982304,Vadonaria variegata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Vadonaria,variegata,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1882)", 169985167,Vadonaria caliginosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Vadonaria,caliginosa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169986159,Renaudiana ranomandriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Renaudiana,ranomandriensis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 169986168,Renaudiana guttata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Renaudiana,guttata,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 144162654,Urotrygon cimar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urotrygon,cimar,,,,,"López S. & Bussing, 1998", 22695568,Accipiter collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,collaris,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 21858,Thunnus maccoyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,maccoyii,,,,,"(Castelnau, 1872)","This species was previously considered a subspecies of the Pacific Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus orientalis) or Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus)." 170309,Kajikia audax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ISTIOPHORIDAE,Kajikia,audax,,,,,"(Philippi, 1887)","Previously, this species was included in the genus Tetrapturus (Collette et al. 2006). It is genetically similar to the White Marlin (Kajikia albida), but represents a distinct evolutionary unit (Collette and Graves 2019)." 170341,Thunnus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCOMBRIDAE,Thunnus,orientalis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)",

The Pacific (Thunnus orientalis) and Atlantic (Thunnus thynnus) Bluefin populations are now recognized as separate species (Collette 1999). Thunnus saliens Jordan & Evermann 1926 is a junior synonym of T. orientalis.

44791445,Ameles fasciipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,MANTODEA,MANTIDAE,Ameles,fasciipennis,,,,,"Kaltenbach, 1963", 170327533,Bolitoglossa copinhorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,copinhorum,,,,,"Itgen, Sessions, Wilson & Townsend, 2020","

A single subadult specimen (FMNH 64646) from the northeastern slopes of the Cordillera de Montecillos, Depto. Comayagua, was tentatively assigned to Bolitoglossa celaque sensu lato by McCranie and Wilson (2002), and, based on the presumed provenance of the specimen (ca 25 km NNE of the nearest locality for B. copinhorum), this specimen is tentatively referred to as B. copinhorum (Itgen et al. 2019).

" 22707140,Terpsiphone bourbonnensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,bourbonnensis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 2796,Bhutanitis ludlowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Bhutanitis,ludlowi,,,,,"Gabriel, 1942", 121975380,Bhutanitis lidderdalii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Bhutanitis,lidderdalii,,,,,"Atkinson, 1873","There are three known subspecies: lidderdalii, spinosa, and ocellatomaculata." 121971752,Losaria coon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Losaria,coon,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)","This species is part of the coon species group which was considered as part of the Atrophaneura by Hancock (1988); the group occurs from Assam and Hainan in the north to the Andaman Islands and Sumatra in the south (Hancock 1988). Other authorities elevate the subgenus Losaria to full genus level (Häuser et al. 2017).

There are eight subspecies reported for this species: the nominate subspecies coon, doubledayi (Wallace, 1865), cacharensis (Butler, 1885), sambilanga (Doherty, 1886), delianus (Fruhstorfer, 1895), palembanganus (Rothschild, 1896), patianus (Fruhstorfer, 1898), and insperatus (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)." 121974900,Losaria rhodifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Losaria,rhodifer,,,,,"(Butler, 1876)","This species was considered part of the coon species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs from Assam and Hainan in the north to the Andaman Islands and Sumatra in the south (Hancock 1988). However, since then the subgenus Losaria has been elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. GLoBIS), and we follow this treatment here.

The females of the species Papilio mayo are mimics of this species (Collins and Morris 1985)." 121973620,Byasa plutonius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,plutonius,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1876)","This species was considered part of the genus Atrophaneura, which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (Hancock 1988). However, since then the subgenus Byasa has since been elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; LepIndex; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this treatment here. 

Three subspecies have been listed for this species: the nominate subspecies plutonius; subspecies tytleri (Evans); and subspecies pembertoni (Moore, 1902) (Collins and Morris 1985, Gupta and Mondal 2005, Racheli and Cotton 2010).

Subspecies pembertoni has been listed under B. alcinous in Nepal (Smith, 2010 and 1989).  Mention of Byasa plutonius plutonius has not been made in Nepal’s record till date. Smith (1989) mentioned that this species sometimes is misnamed as Byasa plutonius." 121972222,Byasa latreillei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,latreillei,,,,,"(Donovan, 1826)","This species was considered part of the latreillei species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (Hancock 1988). Subgenus Byasa has since been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this treatment here.

This species has six subspecies (Racheli and Cotton 2010): the nominate subspecies latreillei; subspecies afghana; subspecies kabrua (Tytler, 1915); subspecies ticona; subspecies genestieri (Oberthür, 1918); and subspecies robus (Jordan, 1928)." 121971564,Byasa alcinous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,alcinous,,,,,"(Klug, 1836)","This species is part of the latreillei species group within the Byasa (Racheli and Cotton 2010), which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (referred to in Hancock 1988 under Atrophaneura). 

This species has five subspecies (Collins and Morris 1985, Kato and Yagi 2004, Racheli and Cotton 2010). These include: B. a. alcinous, B. a. yakushimana (Esaki and Umeno, 1929), B. a. loochooanus (Rothschild, 1896), A. a. miyakoensis (Omoto, 1960), and B. a. bradanus (Fruhstorfer, 1908). B. a. mansonensis (Fruhstorfer, 1901) is occasionally mentioned as a subspecies, but this entity was also listed as a subspecies of Byasa confusus, which was previously considered a subspecies of alcinous. There are some differences in the male genitalia and other morphological characters as well as molecular data which suggest that Byasa confusus should be treated as a separate species from Byasa alcinous (Wu and Bai 2001, Racheli and Cotton 2010). We follow this treatment here." 121971963,Byasa dasarada,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,dasarada,,,,,"(Moore, 1857)","This species was considered part of the latreillei species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (Hancock 1988). However, the subgenus Byasa has been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and this treatment has been followed here.

There are five subspecies: B. d. dasarada, B. d. ravana (Moore, 1857),  B. d. barata (Rothschild, 1908), B. d. ouvrardi (Oberthur, 1920), and B. d. melanurus (Rothschild, 1905) (Racheli and Cotton 2010, Jan Moonen pers. comm. February 2019)." 121972074,Pachliopta hector,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,hector,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The subgenus Pachliopta has been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and this treatment has been followed here." 121973590,Pachliopta pandiyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,pandiyana,,,,,"(Moore, 1881)","This species was previously considered conspecific with P. jophon (Collins and Morris 1985), but was since elevated to species level. This species was considered part of the polydorus species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs in Indo-Australia (Hancock 1988).  However, the subgenus Pachliopta has also since been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this here. The species is considered to be part of the liris species group, together with jophon, oreon and liris (Racheli and Cotton 2010)." 121971639,Pachliopta aristolochiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,aristolochiae,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","Hancock (1988) considered the species under the genus Atrophaneura. The subgenus Pachliopta was elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. Racheli and Cotton 2010), and this is followed here." 121971545,Atrophaneura aidoneus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,aidoneus,,,,,"(Doubleday, 1845)", 121974980,Atrophaneura varuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,varuna,,,,,"(White, 1842)","There are three known subspecies: the nominate subspecies varuna; subspecies astorion; and subspecies zaleucus. Subspecies zaleucus has in the past on occasion been considered a separate species (e.g. Collins and Morris 1985, Hancock 1988), but is here assessed as a subspecies of A. varuna following Racheli and Cotton (2010)." 121973631,Byasa polla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,polla,,,,,"(de Nicéville, 1897)","This species was considered part of the latreillei species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (Hancock 1988). However, since then the subgenus Byasa has been elevated to full genus level by some authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; LepIndex; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this treatment here." 50951103,Atractus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,gigas,,,,,"Myers & Schargel, 2006", 41291,Oryctolagus cuniculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,LAGOMORPHA,LEPORIDAE,Oryctolagus,cuniculus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The genus Oryctolagus appeared in the fossil record (Middle Pliocene) before any other modern leporid genus. Oryctolgus cuniculus was widespread across much of the Mediterranean area and central Europe in the Late Pleistocene, but following the maximum glacial period and Early Holocene it became confined to its current range in the Iberian Peninsula and adjoining areas in France (López-Martínez 2008).

Two subspecies are recognized: O. c. cuniculus and O. c. algirus (Delibes-Mateos et al. 2018). The latter is only present in the Iberian Peninsula and some islands, while the former occurs in most of the species’ introduced range. Based on genetic evidence they have apparently evolved independently beginning approximately 2 mya during the Quaternary glaciations (Ferrand 2008). The independence of these two subspecies has been reinforced by data on parasitology, behavior, reproduction, and morphology (e.g. Gonçalves et al. 2002, Ferreira et al. 2015). Due to their genetic incompatibilities and reproductive isolation in their zone of contact in the middle of the Iberian Peninsula (e.g. Carneiro et al. 2010), some feel that they should be considered separate species (Delibes-Mateos et al. 2018). The domesticated rabbit originates from O. c. cuniculus." 168621390,Astroblepus mendezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,mendezi,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2014", 168621675,Amphilophus tolteca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,tolteca,,,,,"Recknagel, Kusche, Elmer & Meyer, 2013", 168621956,Amphilophus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Amphilophus,viridis,,,,,"Recknagel, Kusche, Elmer & Meyer, 2013", 168622161,Astyanax nicaraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,nicaraguensis,,,,,"Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907", 168622254,Astyanax orstedii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,orstedii,,,,,"(Lütken, 1875)", 168626851,Awaous transandeanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,transandeanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 168626447,Eleotris tecta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,tecta,,,,,"Bussing, 1996", 168626580,Eleotris tubularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Eleotris,tubularis,,,,,"Heller & Snodgrass, 1903", 168962425,Gobiesox cephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,cephalus,,,,,"Lacepède, 1800",Additional research is needed to determine the range extent of this species and its' systematic status (McMahan pers. comm. 2020). 168622404,Gobiesox fulvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIESOCIFORMES,GOBIESOCIDAE,Gobiesox,fulvus,,,,,"Meek, 1907", 168626744,Hemieleotris latifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Hemieleotris,latifasciata,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1912)", 168621549,Leptophilypnus guatemalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Leptophilypnus,guatemalensis,,,,,"Thacker & Pezold, 2006", 168627110,Poeciliopsis paucimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,paucimaculata,,,,,"Bussing, 1967", 168627060,Poeciliopsis santaelena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,santaelena,,,,,"Bussing, 2008", 168626985,Rhonciscus bayanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,HAEMULIDAE,Rhonciscus,bayanus,,,,,"(Jordan & Evermann, 1898)", 139121943,Vestalis nigrescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,nigrescens,,,,,"Fraser, 1929", 197126,Libellago adami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,adami,,,,,"Fraser, 1939", 197125,Libellago corbeti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,corbeti,,,,,"van der Poorten, 2009", 197124,Libellago finalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,finalis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1869)", 163517,Mortonagrion ceylonicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,ceylonicum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1971", 197121,Euphaea splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,splendens,,,,,"Hagen, 1853", 60277,Cyclogomphus gynostylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyclogomphus,gynostylus,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 60279,Gomphidia pearsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,pearsoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 59730,Heliogomphus lyratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,lyratus,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 59731,Heliogomphus nietneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,nietneri,,,,,"(Hagen, 1878)", 163520,Heliogomphus walli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,walli,,,,,"Fraser, 1925", 60281,Macrogomphus lankanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Macrogomphus,lankanensis,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 197103,Megalogomphus ceylonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,ceylonicus,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1922)", 60282,Microgomphus wijaya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,wijaya,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 163518,Paragomphus henryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,henryi,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1928)", 59773,Sinhalestes orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Sinhalestes,orientalis,,,,,"(Hagen, 1862)", 60280,Hylaeothemis fruhstorferi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Hylaeothemis,fruhstorferi,,,,,"(Karsch, 1889)", 197101,Lyriothemis defonsekai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,defonsekai,,,,,"van der Poorten, 2009", 59778,Tetrathemis yerburii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Tetrathemis,yerburii,,,,,"Kirby, 1894", 59738,Macromia flinti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,flinti,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1977", 197102,Macromia zeylanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,zeylanica,,,,,"Fraser, 1927", 60278,Elattoneura caesia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,caesia,,,,,"(Hagen, 1860)", 197106,Elattoneura centralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,centralis,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1860)", 59726,Elattoneura leucostigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,leucostigma,,,,,"(Fraser, 1933)", 163519,Elattoneura oculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,oculata,,,,,"(Kirby, 1894)", 197105,Elattoneura tenax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,tenax,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1860)", 197104,Prodasineura sita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,sita,,,,,"(Kirby, 1893)", 59721,Ceylonosticta adami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,adami,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 141758289,Ceylonosticta alwisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,alwisi,,,,,"Priyadarshana & Wijewardhane, 2016",


141758366,Ceylonosticta anamia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,anamia,,,,,"(Bedjanic, 2010)", 59722,Ceylonosticta austeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,austeni,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1940)", 141759017,Ceylonosticta bine,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,bine,,,,,"(Bedjanic, 2010)", 197118,Ceylonosticta digna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,digna,,,,,"(Hagen, 1860)", 141759311,Ceylonosticta goodalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,goodalei,,,,,"Priyadarshana & Wijewardhane, 2018", 59723,Ceylonosticta hilaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,hilaris,,,,,"(Hagen, 1860)", 141760092,Ceylonosticta mirifica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,mirifica,,,,,"Bedjanic, 2016", 141760152,Ceylonosticta mojca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,mojca,,,,,"(Bedjanic, 2010)", 59724,Ceylonosticta montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,montana,,,,,"(Hagen, 1860)", 141760305,Ceylonosticta nancyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,nancyae,,,,,"Priyadarshana & Wijewardhane, 2016", 197113,Ceylonosticta nietneri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,nietneri,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 141760565,Ceylonosticta rupasinghe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,rupasinghe,,,,,"Priyadarshana & Wijewardhane, 2016", 59725,Ceylonosticta submontana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,submontana,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 197110,Ceylonosticta subtropica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,subtropica,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 197109,Ceylonosticta tropica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,tropica,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1860)", 141765151,Ceylonosticta venusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,venusta,,,,,"Bedjanic & Conniff, 2016", 163516,Ceylonosticta walli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Ceylonosticta,walli,,,,,"Fraser, 1931", 197108,Platysticta apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Platysticta,apicalis,,,,,"Kirby, 1893", 197107,Platysticta maculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Platysticta,maculata,,,,,"Hagen, 1860", 197122,Libellago greeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,greeni,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1924)", 170765178,Stolephorus baganensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,baganensis,,,,,"Delsman, 1931","

Delsman (1931) described Stolephorus baganensis proper (=S. baganensis baganensis) and Stolephorus baganensis var megalops from Indonesia; later, Dutt and Babu Rao (1959) described Anchoviella baganensis bengalensis from eastern India. Whitehead et al. (1988) and Wongratana et al. (1999) erroneously listed this species as S. b. macrops based off of Harenberg (1933). Whitehead et al. (1988) and Wongratana et al. (1999) considered S. b. macrops Delsman 1931 and A. b. bengalensis (Dutt and Babu Rao 1959) to be junior synonyms of S. baganensis. However, a recent morphological and genetic review of ten nominal species of Stolephorus concluded that S. b. megalops is a junior synonym of S. tri and S. bengalensis is a valid species (Hata et al. 2019).

" 170766737,Stolephorus waitei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,waitei,,,,,"Jordan & Seale, 1926","

Stolephorus waitei has long been considered the senior synonym of S. bataviensis and widely distributed in Indo-West Pacific (e.g., Whitehead et al. 1988, Wongratana et al. 1999). A recent morphological and genetic review of ten nominal species of Stolephorus concluded that S. bataviensis is a valid species and restricted the true S. waitei (reported as Stolephorus species A. in Whitehead et al. 1988) to Queensland, Australia (Hata et al. 2019).

" 170256727,Amblyeleotris latifasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,latifasciata,,,,,"Polunin & Lubbock, 1979", 170256742,Amblyeleotris ogasawarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblyeleotris,ogasawarensis,,,,,"Yanagisawa, 1978", 170257097,Amblygobius bynoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,bynoensis,,,,,"(Richardson, 1844)",This species has been confused in the past with Amblygobius stethophthalmus (museum records). 170257477,Amblygobius stethophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,stethophthalmus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)",This species is closely related to Amblygobius bynoensis (Allen and Erdmann 2012) and has been confused with it. 170257837,Cryptocentroides gobioides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentroides,gobioides,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1886)", 170259010,Cryptocentrus niveatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Cryptocentrus,niveatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)","This species is a member of the Cryptocentrus leucostictus complex (Hoese and Larson 2004)." 170259073,Favonigobius lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Favonigobius,lateralis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1881)","Previously considered a widely distributed species and at times with two subspecies, it is now distinct from F. lentiginosus (Richardson, 1844) (Hoese and Larson 2008)." 170259224,Istigobius hoshinonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Istigobius,hoshinonis,,,,,"(Tanaka, 1917)", 170259267,Pleurosicya boldinghi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pleurosicya,boldinghi,,,,,"Weber, 1913", 170259364,Priolepis boreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Priolepis,boreus,,,,,"(Snyder, 1909)", 170276778,Pterogobius elapoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pterogobius,elapoides,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 170277078,Pterogobius virgo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pterogobius,virgo,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)", 170277379,Sagamia geneionema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sagamia,geneionema,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1879)", 170277508,Trimma rubromaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Trimma,rubromaculatum,,,,,"Allen & Munday, 1995", 170277559,Tryssogobius longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Tryssogobius,longipes,,,,,"Larson & Hoese, 2001", 170277598,Valenciennea alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,alleni,,,,,"Hoese & Larson, 1994", 170277637,Valenciennea bella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Valenciennea,bella,,,,,"Hoese & Larson, 1994","This species is similar to Valenciennea randalli (Hoese and Larson 1994)." 170277741,Vanderhorstia flavilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Vanderhorstia,flavilineata,,,,,"Allen & Munday, 1995", 170730654,Stolephorus babarani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,babarani,,,,,"Hata, Lavoué & Motomura, 2020","

Stolephorus babarani closely resembles S. bataviensis Hardenberg, 1933 and S. baweanensis Hardenberg, 1933. Stolephorus babarani was previously misidentified as S. waitei Jordan and Seale, 1926 (Hata et al. 2020).

" 170730663,Stolephorus bataviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,bataviensis,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1933","

Stolephorus bataviensis, originally described as S. insularis bataviensis, has historically been considered a junior synonym of S. waitei (e.g., Whitehead et al. 1988, Wongratana et al. 1999). A recent morphological and genetic review of ten nominal species of Stolephorus concluded that S. bataviensis is a valid species and restricted the true S. waitei to Queensland, Australia (Hata et al. 2019).

" 170730674,Stolephorus baweanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,baweanensis,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1933","

Stolephorus baweanensis, originally described as S. insularis baweanensis, has historically been considered a junior synonym of S. insularis (e.g., Whitehead et al. 1988, Kottelat 2013). A recent morphological and genetic review of ten nominal species of Stolephorus concluded that S. baweanensis is a valid species and that some specimens previously identified as S. waitei are S. baweanensis (Hata et al. 2019).


" 170730685,Stolephorus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Dutt & Babu Rao, 1959)","Stolephorus bengalensis has long been treated as Stolephorus insularis (e.g. Whitehead et al. 1988; Wongratana et al. 1999). The name S. bengalensis, originally described as Anchoviella baganensis bengalensis by Dutt and Babu Rao (1959), has been regarded as a junior synonym of Stolephorus baganensis Delsman 1931. However, a recent morphological and genetic review of ten nominal species of Stolephorus concluded that S. insularis is a junior synonym of S. tri and S. bengalensis is a valid species (Hata et al. 2019)." 170730698,Stolephorus tamilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,tamilensis,,,,,"Gangan, Pavan-Kumar, Jahageerdar & Jaiswar, 2020",

Stolephorus tamilensis is closely related to S. andhraensis (Gangan et al. 2020).

170730708,Thryssa cultella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,cultella,,,,,"(Hata & Motomura, 2019)","

This species was recently described as a new species in the genus Thrissina, distinct from T. vitrirostris (Hata and Motomura 2019). There remains some disagreement as to the validity of the genera Thryssa and Thrissina. Kottelat (2013) regarded the genus Thyrssa as a new spelling for, and a junior synonym of, Thrissa and gave precedence to Thrissina over simultaneous synonyms Xenengraulis and Scutengraulis. However, Thryssa is regarded as independent of Thrissa by Fricke et al. (2020), and for the sake of stability, retained the genus Thryssa.

" 170730723,Thryssa serena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,serena,,,,,"(Hata & Motomura, 2019)","

This species was recently described as a new species in genus Thrissina, distinct from T. vitrirostris (Hata and Motomura 2019). There remains some disagreement as to the validity of the genera Thryssa and Thrissina. Kottelat (2013) regarded the genus Thyrssa as a new spelling for, and a junior synonym of, Thrissa and gave precedence to Thrissina over simultaneous synonyms Xenengraulis and Scutengraulis. However, Thryssa is regarded as independent of Thrissa by Fricke et al. (2020), and for the sake of stability, retained the genus Thryssa.

" 170753998,Parabothus rotundifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,BOTHIDAE,Parabothus,rotundifrons,,,,,"Voronina, Pruvost & Causse, 2017", 170754059,Citharichthys stigmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,stigmaeus,,,,,"Jordan & Gilbert, 1882", 170754096,Citharichthys surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,PARALICHTHYIDAE,Citharichthys,surinamensis,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","Other than the original collection (Bloch and Schneider 1801), nothing is known about this nominal species. Norman (1934) regarded this species as a junior synonym of Bothus lunatus. It was not listed among the species of Citharichthys in Gutherz (1967) field guide to the bothid flatfishes of the Western Atlantic. Munroe (2003) did not consider this species in his treatment of the flatfishes of the Greater Caribbean, nor did Robertson and Van Tassell (2019) include this species in the online checklist. However, it is listed in Paepke (1999) and considered a valid species in the Catalog of Fishes (Fricke et al. 2021). It is assessed here but the taxonomic status of this nominal species needs to be investigated." 170754182,Brachirus sayaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Brachirus,sayaensis,,,,,"Voronina, 2019", 170754344,Typhlachirus lipophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,SOLEIDAE,Typhlachirus,lipophthalmus,,,,,"(Károli, 1882)", 170771638,Sardinella alcyone,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sardinella,alcyone,,,,,"Hata & Motomura, 2019", 22722927,Tangara fucosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,fucosa,,,,,"Nelson, 1912", 170810729,Craterocephalus laisapi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Craterocephalus,laisapi,,,,,"Larson, Ivantsoff & Crowley, 2005",Craterocephalus laisapi resembles but is distinct and different from C. centralis and C. cuneiceps from central and western Australia (Larson et al. 2005). 170825110,Sceloporus shannonorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,shannonorum,,,,,"Langebartel, 1959", 170872509,Provanna cooki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,PROVANNIDAE,Provanna,cooki,,,,,"Linse, Nye, Copley & C. Chen, 2019", 170873188,Bruceiella indurata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Bruceiella,indurata,,,,,"C. Chen & Linse, 2019", 42191,Muntiacus reevesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,CERVIDAE,Muntiacus,reevesi,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1839)","Four subspecies are known:
Muntiacus reevesi jiangkouensis (mainland China);
Muntiacus reevesi reevesi (mainland China);
Muntiacus reevesi micrurus (Taiwan);
Muntiacus reevesi sinensis (Anhui and Zhejiang).

Wang (2003) also listed two undescribed subspecies, as “Yunnan form” (eastern Yunnan) and “Shaanxi/Gansu form” (southern Shaanxi and southern Gansu) but scientific names were not provided." 22692808,Porphyrio hochstetteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Porphyrio,hochstetteri,,,,,"(Meyer, 1883)", 171188735,Leptophilypnus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Leptophilypnus,panamensis,,,,,"(Meek & Hildebrand, 1916)", 171188879,Sicydium adelum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,adelum,,,,,"Bussing, 1996", 171188889,Sicydium altum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,altum,,,,,"Meek, 1907", 168626955,Sicydium cocoense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicydium,cocoense,,,,,"(Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)", 162337005,Tarsius niemitzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,TARSIIDAE,Tarsius,niemitzi,,,,,"Shekelle, Groves, Maryanto, Mittermeier, Salim & Springer, 2019", 171339401,Thryssa vitrirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,vitrirostris,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)","

Hata and Motomura (2019) recently described two new species, Thrissina cultella and T. serena, as distinct from T. vitrirostris. There remains some disagreement as to the validity of the genera Thryssa and Thrissina. Kottelat (2013) regarded the genus Thyrssa as a new spelling for, and a junior synonym of, Thrissa and gave precedence to Thrissina over simultaneous synonyms Xenengraulis and Scutengraulis. However, Thryssa is regarded as independent of Thrissa by Fricke et al. (2020), and for the sake of stability, retained the genus Thryssa.


" 171339305,Stolephorus tri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Stolephorus,tri,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Stolephorus tri was originally described as Engraulis tri by Bleeker (1852). Although Whitehead et al. (1988) and Wongratana et al. (1999) listed no name as a synonym of the nominal species, Hata et al. (2019) regarded Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1931 (previously regarded as a valid species) and Stolephorus baganensis megalops (previously regarded as a junior synonym of Stolephorus baganensis and inadvertently misquoted as S. b. macrops) as the junior synonyms of S. tri. The applicable scientific name for the species regarded as S. insularis by Whitehead et al. (1988) and Wongratana et al. (1999) is newly regarded as Stolephorus bengalensis (Dutt and Babu Rao, 1959), which was previously regarded as a junior synonym of S. baganensis in Hata et al. (2019)." 22699512,Phylloscartes difficilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Phylloscartes,difficilis,,,,,"(Ihering & Ihering, 1907)", 166719850,Eleutherodactylus orarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,orarius,,,,,"(Dixon, 1957)",This is a split from the broader concept of Eleutherodactylus nitidus (Grünwald et al. 2018). 22724580,Anas nesiotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,nesiotis,,,,,"(Fleming, 1935)", 22699462,Pogonotriccus venezuelanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pogonotriccus,venezuelanus,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1907)",Pogonotriccus venezuelanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Phylloscartes venezuelanus. 22701033,Lepidothrix iris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,iris,,,,,"(Schinz, 1851)", 166723659,Eleutherodactylus campi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,campi,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1915)",This is a split from the broader concept of Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides (Grünwald et al. 2018). 171729462,Pliotrema annae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pliotrema,annae,,,,,"Weigmann, Gon, Leeney & Temple, 2020","Weigmann et al. (2020) revised the genus Pliotrema, describing this species and Pliotrema kajae as new species, distinct from Pliotrema warreni." 171729431,Pliotrema kajae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pliotrema,kajae,,,,,"Weigmann, Gon, Leeney & Temple, 2020","Weigmann et al. (2020) revised the genus Pliotrema, describing this species and Pliotrema annae as new species, distinct from Pliotrema warreni." 104003523,Acrocephalus caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,caffer,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1786)","

Acrocephalus caffer, A. musae and A. longirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. caffer following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 18256,Piliocolobus tephrosceles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,tephrosceles,,,,,"(Elliot, 1907)","Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011; Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

Kingdon (1997, 2015), following Colyn (1991), treated oustaleti as the Central African Red Colobus, with parmentieri, foai, langi, lulindicus, ellioti, semlikiensis and tephrosceles as subspecies. Grubb et al. (2003) considered tephrosceles be a subspecies but did not assign it to a species. Considering vocalizations and pelage colour patterns, Grubb et al. (2013) placed tephrosceles as a subspecies of rufomitratus, along with ellioti, foai, langi, lulindicus, parmentieri, oustaleti and tholloni.

Groves (2007) treated tephrosceles as a monotypic species, with gudoviusi Matschie as a junior synonym. For the purpose of this assessment, we follow Groves (2007) in treating tephrosceles as a monotypic species." 22714826,Acrocephalus rimitarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,rimitarae,,,,,"(Murphy & Mathews, 1929)",

Acrocephalus rimitarae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as A. rimatarae.

58670,Papurana moluccana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Papurana,moluccana,,,,,"(Boettger, 1895)", 22731595,Amazona diadema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,diadema,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Amazona autumnalis, A. diadema and A. lilacina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. autumnalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 39337,Pseudocarcharias kamoharai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,PSEUDOCARCHARIIDAE,Pseudocarcharias,kamoharai,,,,,"(Matsubara, 1936)", 103881097,Cichlopsis gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cichlopsis,gularis,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1882","

Cichlopsis leucogenys, C. chubbi, C. peruviana and C. gularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. leucogenys following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22695553,Accipiter imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,imitator,,,,,"Hartert, 1926", 22681408,Campephilus gayaquilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,gayaquilensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1845)", 22695453,Accipiter poliogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,poliogaster,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22722114,Conirostrum binghami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,binghami,,,,,"(Chapman, 1919)","

Conirostrum binghami (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Oreomanes and listed as O. fraseri following  AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 152783714,Sphyrna gilberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,gilberti,,,,,"Quattro, Driggers III, Grady, Ulrich & Roberts, 2013","This cryptic species is most closely related to the Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini), and is morphologically distinguishable by the number of precaudal vertebrae (Quattro et al. 2013)." 22691024,Alopecoenas kubaryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,kubaryi,,,,,"(Finsch, 1880)",Alopecoenas kubaryi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 22702591,Cranioleuca berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,berlepschi,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1905",Cranioleuca berlepschi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thripophaga berlepschi. 22685952,Forpus xanthops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,xanthops,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)", 22723468,Sporophila nigrorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Sporophila,nigrorufa,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 22687794,Aglaeactis aliciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Aglaeactis,aliciae,,,,,"Salvin, 1896", 172269376,Mico munduruku,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,munduruku,,,,,"Costa-Araújo, Farias & Hrbek, 2019", 172272064,Plecturocebus grovesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,grovesi,,,,,"Boubli, Byrne, da Silva, Silva-Júnior, Costa Araújo, Bertuol, Gonçalves, de Melo, Rylands, Mittermeier, Silva, Nash, Canale, Alencar, Rossi, Carneiro, Sampaio, Farias, Schneider, & Hrbek, 2019", 172274032,Plecturocebus parecis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,parecis,,,,,"Gusmão, Messias, Carneiro, Schneider, de Alencar, Calouro, Dalponte, de Souza Mattos, Ferrari, Buss, de Azevedo, Santos Júnior, Nash, Rylands & Barnett, 2019", 22724274,Anumara forbesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Anumara,forbesi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1886)","

Anumara forbesi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Curaeus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22736498,Psittacus timneh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacus,timneh,,,,,"Fraser, 1844", 22696116,Polemaetus bellicosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Polemaetus,bellicosus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22700393,Myiarchus semirufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Myiarchus,semirufus,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1878", 8982,Eudorcas thomsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Eudorcas,thomsonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1884)","Several arrangements of the gazelles in the genus Eudorcas have been proposed, varying from one to four species. Thomson’s Gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii) has been treated variously as conspecific with Mongalla Gazelle (E. albonotata) and/or Red-fronted Gazelle (E. rufifrons) (Gentry 1972, Kingdon 1997, East 1999) or as a separate species. The form tilonura, from east of the Nile River, is either considered a subspecies of E. rufifrons (e.g. Grubb 2005), or a distinct species (Groves 2013). The treatment here follows Groves (2013) in recognizing, at least provisionally, four species, including E. thomsonii. Genetic research to clarify the relationships between all four forms is highly desirable." 41237,Quasipaa fasciculispina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,fasciculispina,,,,,"(Inger, 1970)", 172312067,Pelobates balcanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELOBATIDAE,Pelobates,balcanicus,,,,,"Karaman, 1928",This is a split from the broader concept of Pelobates syriacus (Dufresnes et al. 2019). 174225,Vanessa atalanta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Vanessa,atalanta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 174452,Nymphalis antiopa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Nymphalis,antiopa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 164450745,Minervarya muangkanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Minervarya,muangkanensis,,,,,"(Suwannapoom, Yuan, Jiang, Yan, Gao & Che, 2017)", 164450772,Rhacophorus hoabinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,hoabinhensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Ninh & Ziegler, 2017", 164451067,Siamophryne troglodytes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Siamophryne,troglodytes,,,,,"Suwannapoom, Sumontha, Tunprasert, Ruangsuwan, Pawangkhanant, Korost & Poyarkov, 2018", 164451767,Vietnamophryne inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Vietnamophryne,inexpectata,,,,,"Poyarkov, Suwannapoom, Pawangkhanant, Aksornneam, Duong, Korost & Che, 2018", 171422,Albinaria olivieri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Albinaria,olivieri,,,,,"(Roth, 1839)","Nordsieck (2007) suggests that Albinaria privigna may be a junior synonym of this species, and in this assessment, we adopt this approach. Albinaria privigna was previously retained as a valid species by Bank (2017), but is now placed as a subspecies of A. olivieri (MolluscaBase 2020)." 164451800,Vietnamophryne occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Vietnamophryne,occidentalis,,,,,"Poyarkov, Suwannapoom, Pawangkhanant, Aksornneam, Duong, Korost & Che, 2018", 164451827,Vietnamophryne orlovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Vietnamophryne,orlovi,,,,,"Poyarkov, Suwannapoom, Pawangkhanant, Aksornneam, Duong, Korost & Che, 2018", 164451429,Tylototriton ngarsuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,ngarsuensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza, Grismer, Murdoch & Lin, 2018", 22701677,Cercomacra ferdinandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Cercomacra,ferdinandi,,,,,"Snethlage, 1928", 54345,Peltophryne lemur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,lemur,,,,,"Cope, 1869",


56477,Eleutherodactylus brittoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,brittoni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1920", 7149,Eleutherodactylus cooki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,cooki,,,,,"Grant, 1932", 172768413,Merodon confinium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,confinium,,,,,"Šašić & Vujić, 2020",
 172768498,Merodon nitens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,nitens,,,,,"Hurkmans & Vujić, 2020", 172768520,Merodon spineus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,spineus,,,,,"Vujić, Šašić & Likov, 2020",
 172768543,Merodon triangulum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,triangulum,,,,,"Vujić, Radenković & Hurkmans, 2020", 172768719,Merodon calidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,calidus,,,,,"Vujić, Ačanski & Šašić, 2020", 7142,Eleutherodactylus jasperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,jasperi,,,,,"Drewry & Jones, 1976", 7146,Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,karlschmidti,,,,,"Grant, 1931", 7150,Eleutherodactylus eneidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,eneidae,,,,,"Rivero, 1959", 54346,Osteopilus vastus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,vastus,,,,,"(Cope, 1871)","The subpopulation in the ""South Island"" of Haiti may likely comprise a new taxon, currently under study (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2021). Therefore, the true distribution of Osteopilus vastus may exclude Haiti and the southern portion of the Dominican Republic. However, for the purposes of this assessment, this subpopulation is included in the current assessment until such time as it is formally described." 55502,Boana heilprini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,heilprini,,,,,"(Noble, 1923)",The subpopulations on the Tiburon Peninsula probably represent an undescribed species (R. Thomas pers. comm.). 55806,Osteopilus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Lavilla et al. (2010) determined that the species formerly referred to as Osteopilus brunneus is in fact Osteopilus ocellatus, making O. brunneus a junior synonym of O. ocellatus." 55808,Osteopilus dominicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,dominicensis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1838)", 55810,Osteopilus pulchrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Osteopilus,pulchrilineatus,,,,,"(Cope, 1870)", 56404,Eleutherodactylus alcoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,alcoae,,,,,"Schwartz, 1971", 56432,Eleutherodactylus armstrongi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,armstrongi,,,,,"Noble & Hassler, 1933", 56634,Eleutherodactylus gryllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,gryllus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1920", 56648,Eleutherodactylus hedricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,hedricki,,,,,"Rivero, 1963", 56725,Eleutherodactylus locustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,locustus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1920", 56774,Eleutherodactylus monensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,monensis,,,,,"(Meerwarth, 1901)", 56914,Eleutherodactylus richmondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,richmondi,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 57023,Eleutherodactylus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,unicolor,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 57056,Eleutherodactylus wightmanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,wightmanae,,,,,"Schmidt, 1920", 135828,Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,juanariveroi,,,,,"Rios-López & Thomas, 2007","This species can be distinguished from similar species by a combination of morphometrics, body colouration, advertisement call features and habitat association (Rios-López and Thomas 2007)." 135989,Eleutherodactylus rogersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,rogersi,,,,,"Goin, 1955", 172816631,Eleutherodactylus geitonos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ELEUTHERODACTYLIDAE,Eleutherodactylus,geitonos,,,,,"Díaz, Incháustegui, Marte, Köhler, Cádiz & Rodríguez, 2018",It is suspected that this taxon represents a species complex (Hispaniola Red List Assessment Workshop 2020). 172817035,Peltophryne armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Peltophryne,armata,,,,,"Landestoy T., Turner, Marion & Hedges, 2018", 22688069,Augastes lumachella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Augastes,lumachella,,,,,"(Lesson, 1838)", 22685553,Ara ambiguus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,ambiguus,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1811)", 172910120,Lacustricola kassenjiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Lacustricola,kassenjiensis,,,,,"(Ahl, 1924)", 173004339,Atlides halesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Atlides,halesus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1777)", 173004462,Agraulis vanillae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Agraulis,vanillae,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 173004535,Polygonia interrogationis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Polygonia,interrogationis,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1798)", 173004562,Vanessa annabella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Vanessa,annabella,,,,,"(Field, 1971)", 173004589,Phoebis sennae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Phoebis,sennae,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 173004714,Antheraea polyphemus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,SATURNIIDAE,Antheraea,polyphemus,,,,,"(Cramer, 1775)", 173004869,Zerene cesonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Zerene,cesonia,,,,,"(Stoll, 1790)","There is no taxonomic uncertainty with Zerene cesonia. It co-occurs with the California Dogface (Zerene eurydice) in certain parts of its range, but there are is no evidence of hybridization (Opler and Wright 1999)." 173005000,Abaeis nicippe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Abaeis,nicippe,,,,,"(Cramer, 1779)", 172962880,Bufotes cypriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,cypriensis,,,,,"Litvinchuk, Mazepa, Jablonski, Dufresnes, 2019", 22685836,Pyrrhura viridicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,viridicata,,,,,"Todd, 1913", 173004520,Junonia coenia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,coenia,,,,,"Hübner, 1822", 173004526,Limenitis weidemeyerii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Limenitis,weidemeyerii,,,,,"Edwards, 1861","

Limenitis weidemeyerii hybridizes with Limenitis loruini in the narrow band where their distributions overlap, from east-central California to Idaho and western Montana (Opler and Wright 1999). However, due to limited gene flow through the hybrid zone, apparent hybrid inferiority, and slight genetic incompatibility, they are considered separate species (Boyd et al. 1999).

" 22693532,Actophilornis albinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,JACANIDAE,Actophilornis,albinucha,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832)", 164451375,Sylvirana roberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sylvirana,roberti,,,,,"Sheridan & Stuart, 2018", 164451386,Theloderma auratum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Theloderma,auratum,,,,,"Poyarkov, Kropachev, Gogoleva & Orlov, 2018", 173329988,Gomphus schneiderii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphus,schneiderii,,,,,"Selys, 1850",Schneider et al. (2018) regard the taxa Gomphus amseli and G. schneiderii transcaspicus as synonyms of G. schneiderii. 173338417,Mastigogomphus chapini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Mastigogomphus,chapini,,,,,"(Klotts, 1944)",Dijkstra et al. (2015) confirmed that Lestinogomphus bivittatus is a junior synonym of Mastigogomphus chapini. 167468129,Megophrys caobangensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,caobangensis,,,,,"Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Luong & Ziegler, 2020","Lyu et al. (2021) listed this species in Panophys without comment, and this work was not a revision of Megophrys. This assessment retains it in Megophrys until generic boundaries within the Megophryinae are more stable." 167465009,Rhacophorus vanbanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,vanbanicus,,,,,"Kropachev, Orlov, Ninh & Nguyen, 2019", 22687909,Eriocnemis nigrivestis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,nigrivestis,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)", 183446899,Coracina javensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,javensis,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","Large Cuckooshrike Coracina javensis (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) was previously treated as two species, nominate being one and all other taxa grouping under C. macei (Sibley & Monroe 1990, 1993).

Vocally, however, nominate is very similar to races nipalensis and siamensis, so basis for maintaining it as a separate species is, on present evidence weak. Eaton et al. (2016) treat race larutensis as a full species. Intriguingly, this race (often subject to speculation as to which species is belonged when C. javensis was separated from C. macei) is relatively distinctive in both plumage and voice: differs from both others in its shorter, higher and sonographically different-shaped calls (P. Boesman in litt. 2016), and from C. j. nipalensis in its primaries and wing coverts lacking pale fringes, forming a bold black 'line' when folded, darker upperparts, most notably on rump, although versus siamensis this character minor, and weaker, less extensive barring on belly in female; and from C. javensis in its overall darker grey colour with (in male) much darker chin and throat, more extensively grey vs. largely white lower belly (more obvious in male), browner, darker shade of grey on throat and breast in female. Race rexpineti, surprisingly, has voice that resembles more that of C. striata but voice of mainland Chinese birds apparently unknown. Further research needed on this complex.

As such, C. javensis is recognised as consisting of seven subspecies; C. j. nipalensis, C. j. siamensis, C. j. rexpineti, C. j. larvivora, C. j. andamana, C. j. larutensis and C. j. javensis. " 183458017,Coracina macei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Coracina,macei,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)","Indian Cuckooshrike Coracina macei (del Hoyo & Collar 2016) previously included six races now assigned to Large Cuckooshrike C. javensis (del Hoyo & Collar 2016), and was previously assigned the common name 'Large Cuckooshrike'. Differs from C. javensis in its barring on lower breast and belly in male (3); barring on entire underparts up to chin in female (vague in other taxa, which in any case have grey chin to breast) (2); seemingly smaller than all other taxa (at least 1); and different voice (assuming that unsampled layardi resembles nominate), reaching higher frequencies (at least 2) and having a predominately rising note shape vs fairly flat or up-and-down plateau (1) (P. Boesman in litt. 2016). As such, Indian Cuckooshrike C. macei is recognised with the subspecies C. m. macei and C. m. layardi." 103692955,Oriolus kundoo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,kundoo,,,,,"Sykes, 1832","

Oriolus oriolus and O. kundoo (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. oriolus following AERC TAC (2003), Cramp et al. (1977-1994), Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 173312783,Amolops ottorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amolops,ottorum,,,,,"Pham, Sung, Pham, Le, Ziegler & Nguyen, 2019", 173312786,Kurixalus gracilloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,gracilloides,,,,,"Nguyen, Duong, Luu & Poyarkov, 2020", 22695678,Accipiter henstii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,henstii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1873)", 45359046,Malacoptila striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Malacoptila,striata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)","Malacoptila striata and M. minor (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. striata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 200030437,Anisogomphus ceylonicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,ceylonicus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1878)","Anisogomphus solitaris and Heliogomphus ceylonicus have both been assessed before 2010 as Critically Endangered (Bedjanič 2006, 2009). According to Bedjanič and van der Poorten (2013) they both fall under synonymy of Anisogomphus ceylonicus (Hagen in Selys, 1878)." 173412461,Austrophya monteithorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Austrophya,monteithorum,,,,,"Theischinger, 2019", 173412621,Eusynthemis cooloola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Eusynthemis,cooloola,,,,,"Theischinger, 2018", 173413042,Oristicta rosendaleorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Oristicta,rosendaleorum,,,,,"Theischinger & Burwell, 2017", 173413094,Nannophya fenshami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophya,fenshami,,,,,"Theischinger, 2020", 39365,Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,amblyrhynchos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1856)", 39366,Carcharhinus amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,amboinensis,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 41737,Carcharhinus macloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,macloti,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 161376,Carcharhinus sorrah,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,sorrah,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1839)", 41831,Loxodon macrorhinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Loxodon,macrorhinus,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1839", 41836,Negaprion acutidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Negaprion,acutidens,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 41851,Rhizoprionodon oligolinx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Rhizoprionodon,oligolinx,,,,,"Springer, 1964", 39384,Triaenodon obesus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Triaenodon,obesus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 41835,Nebrius ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,GINGLYMOSTOMATIDAE,Nebrius,ferrugineus,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 161695,Chaenogaleus macrostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Chaenogaleus,macrostoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)", 161506,Paragaleus randalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,HEMIGALEIDAE,Paragaleus,randalli,,,,,"Compagno, Krupp & Carpenter, 1996", 161501,Iago omanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Iago,omanensis,,,,,"(Norman, 1939)","The Bay of Bengal population may represent a separate dwarf Iago omanensis-like species (Fernando et al. 2019, Psomadakis et al. 2019)." 22707178,Pomarea nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Pomarea,nigra,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1786)", 167329,Ischnura nursei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,nursei,,,,,"Morton, 1907", 22695379,Circus maurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,maurus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)", 22713724,Apalis lynesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,lynesi,,,,,"Vincent, 1933", 22696221,Sagittarius serpentarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,SAGITTARIIDAE,Sagittarius,serpentarius,,,,,"(Miller, 1779)", 173654692,Cyclogomphus ypsilon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyclogomphus,ypsilon,,,,,"Selys, 1854","Fraser (1934) regarded Cyclogomphus vesiculosus Selys, 1854 as “probably merely a small specimen of C. ypsilon” and Kalkman et al. (2020) consider it a junior synonym of C. ypsilon Selys, 1854; this view is followed for assessment purposes." 173695079,Platycnemis oedipus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,oedipus,,,,,"(von Eichwald, 1830)","There is no information about the validity of this species. In 1863, Hagen wrote that he is not aware of the description of Agrion oedipus: ""A. oedipus, Eichwald aus Derbend, von dem eine Beschreibung mir nicht bekannt ist; vielleicht mit einer der vorigen Arten identisch."" (Hagen, H., 1863, Die Odonaten- und Nenropteren-Fauna Syriens und Klein-Asiens, Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 7, pp. 193-199: 198)." 22717380,Chersophilus duponti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Chersophilus,duponti,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1820)", 183158,Kuhlia rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,rupestris,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)","Regional synonyms of this species include: Perca ciliata Cuvier, 1828 (Java); Dules guamensis Valenciennes, 1831 (Guam); Dules vanicolensis Valenciennes, 1831 (Santa Cruz Islands); Dules haswellii Macleay, 1881 (Queensland); Dules rupestris hedleyi Ogilby 1897 (New Caledonia); Kuhlia caerulescens Regan, 1913 (Solomon Islands)." 173697401,Sundaeschna cattienensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sundaeschna,cattienensis,,,,,"Katatani & Kiyoshi, 2018", 173697415,Sundaeschna tanintharyiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Sundaeschna,tanintharyiensis,,,,,"Kiyoshi & Katatani, 2018", 173697089,Periaeschna furukawai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,furukawai,,,,,"Karube & Kompier, 2018", 173697175,Periaeschna sanoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Periaeschna,sanoi,,,,,"Karube & Kompier, 2018", 173697469,Podolestes parvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,parvus,,,,,"Dow & Ngiam, 2019", 173697729,Noguchiphaea laotica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Noguchiphaea,laotica,,,,,"Sasamoto, Yokoi & Souphanthong, 2019", 173698635,Indocypha cyanicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Indocypha,cyanicauda,,,,,"Zhang & Hämäläinen, 2018", 173698658,Indocypha neglecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Indocypha,neglecta,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2014", 173698818,Rhinocypha flavipoda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,flavipoda,,,,,"van Tol & Günther, 2018","

Van Tol and Günther (2018) excluded specimens from two locations from the type series of Rhinocypha flavipoda. One of these locations (“South Tomoni”) is not far from the locations where the type series was collected and was excluded on the basis of a small difference in colouration. A single specimen labelled from the Takala Mountains in South Sulawesi was also excluded, van Tol and Günther (2018) do not include this area in their summary of the distribution of this species and, although not explicitly stated, appear to regard the given location as mislabelling. Specimens excluded from the type series are treated as presence uncertain for assessment purposes and in particular, given their remoteness from the other known locations, the Takala Mountains do seem to be an unlikely location for this species.

" 173698833,Rhinocypha pelengensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,pelengensis,,,,,"van Tol & Günther, 2018", 173698846,Rhinocypha sangihensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,sangihensis,,,,,"van Tol & Günther, 2018", 173698901,Rhinocypha togeanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,togeanensis,,,,,"van Tol & Günther, 2018", 173698921,Rhinocypha virgulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,virgulata,,,,,"van Tol & Günther, 2018","

Although van Tol & Günther (2018) did not exclude specimens from the Takala Mountains in South Sulawesi from the type series of Rhinocypha virgulata (in marked contrast to their exclusion of a single specimen of R. flavipoda van Tol & Günther, 2018, from the same location from the type series of that species, which has a similar distribution) it is clear from their other comments (e.g. “Probably restricted to streams running into or from Lake Poso or the Malili lakes”) that they consider the Takala Mountains location highly unlikely. Here we consider the Takala Mountains location as presence uncertain (but very unlikely) for this species, probably it is the result of mislabeling.

" 173698955,Watanabeopetalia ojisan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Watanabeopetalia,ojisan,,,,,"Karube, 2013", 173699067,Agriocnemis kalinga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,kalinga,,,,,"Nair & Subramanian, 2014", 173699070,Agriocnemis naia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,naia,,,,,"Fraser, 1923","

There appears to be a confused situation over whether Agriocnemis naia Fraser, 1923 or A. nana Laidlaw, 1914 or both (or neither) occurs in Peninsular Malaysia. Agriocnemis naia was described without location (Fraser 1923) but later it was revealed that the type series is from King Island (Kadan Kyun) in southern Myanmar (Fraser 1933), A. nana was described from further north in the same country, some authorities have considered them synonymous. The only other record stated with certainty to be A. naia is from Penang Island in Lieftinck (1954) who states “I have seen good series of both sexes from Penang I., which correspond in every respect with the existing descriptions.” Unfortunately a number of similar statements made by the same authority have proven to be incorrect so the statement about A. naia cannot be taken as conclusive (also see below). Wilson & Gibert (2005) list Agriocnemis cf naia from Endau Rompin National Park. The assessor is not aware of any other records referred even provisionally to A. naia. Orr (2005) only listed A. nana from Peninsular Malaysia and subsequent publications have followed this view. However the separation of these two species, which appear to be similarly coloured, may ultimately prove to rely on small structural details and the available illustrations of, for instance, the male anal appendages are of inadequate quality and detail. As-yet-unpublished DNA barcoding data of samples of from Peninsular Malaysia and of material identified as A. nana from Cambodia does not provide support to the notion that the two are the same. The view taken here, largely for convenience, is that only the type series from Myanmar can be regarded as certainly referring to A. naia at the present time. Study of the type material of both A. naia and A. nana as well as more recently collected material is needed to resolve these issues.

" 173699151,Agriocnemis pieli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,pieli,,,,,"Navás, 1933", 173699164,Amphicnemis rigiketit,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,rigiketit,,,,,"Dow, 2019", 173699168,Amphicnemis valentini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,valentini,,,,,"Kosterin & Kompier, 2018", 173699391,Ceriagrion chromothorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,chromothorax,,,,,"Joshi & Sawant, 2019","

Ceriagrion chromothorax may be a junior synonym of the at least very similar C. calamineum, the latter species is not considered by Joshi & Sawant (2019) in the diagnosis of their species.

" 173699534,Ischnura inarmata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,inarmata,,,,,"Calvert, 1898", 173699728,Paracercion ambiguum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Paracercion,ambiguum,,,,,"Kompier & Yu in Ning, Kompier, Yu & Bu, 2016", 173699793,Anotogaster antehumeralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,antehumeralis,,,,,"Lohmann, 1993","

Karube (2012: 55) criticized the paper in which this species was described (Lohmann 1993), stating “Formerly, Lohmann (1993) revised Cordulegastridae and described some new species including Anotogaster. However his revisional work sadly gave us only poor knowledge, because He mistook the groupings of the species, due to too much depending on his own systematic viewpoints, mainly based on body and wing maculation, and also described two new species (A. xanthoptera and A. flaveola) based on only female holotypus, preserved in old collections of European museums. I think a full revisional study of this genus is required in the near future.” It is certainly possible that this species will eventually prove to be a junior synonym of some other.

" 173699819,Anotogaster cornutifrons,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,cornutifrons,,,,,"Lohmann, 1993","

Karube (2012: 55) criticised the paper in which this species was described (Lohmann 1993), stating “Formerly, Lohmann (1993) revised Cordulegastridae and described some new species including Anotogaster. However his revisional work sadly gave us only poor knowledge, because He mistook the groupings of the species, due to too much depending on his own systematic viewpoints, mainly based on body and wing maculation, and also described two new species (A. xanthoptera and A. flaveola) based on only female holotypus, preserved in old collections of European museums. I think a full revisional study of this genus is required in the near future.” It is certainly possible that this species will eventually prove to be a junior synonym of some other.

" 173699824,Anotogaster sapaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,sapaensis,,,,,"Karube, 2012", 173699839,Anotogaster xanthoptera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Anotogaster,xanthoptera,,,,,"Lohmann, 1993","

Karube (2012: 55) criticised the paper in which this species was described (Lohmann 1993), stating “Formerly, Lohmann (1993) revised Cordulegastridae and described some new species including Anotogaster. However his revisional work sadly gave us only poor knowledge, because He mistook the groupings of the species, due to too much depending on his own systematic viewpoints, mainly based on body and wing maculation, and also described two new species (A. xanthoptera and A. flaveola) based on only female holotypus, preserved in old collections of European museums. I think a full revisional study of this genus is required in the near future.” It is certainly possible that this species will eventually prove to be a junior synonym of some other.

" 173699975,Cordulegaster parvistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Cordulegaster,parvistigma,,,,,"(Selys, 1873)", 173705156,Anisopleura bipugio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Anisopleura,bipugio,,,,,"Hämäläinen & Karube, 2013", 173705199,Euphaea cyanopogon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,cyanopogon,,,,,"Hämäläinen, Kosterin & Kompier, 2019", 173705368,Euphaea sanguinea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,sanguinea,,,,,"Kompier & Hayashi, 2018", 173705390,Euphaea saola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,saola,,,,,"Phan & Hayashi, 2018", 173705626,Asiagomphus kosterini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,kosterini,,,,,"Kompier, 2018", 173705669,Asiagomphus monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,monticola,,,,,"Kompier, 2018", 173705812,Asiagomphus superciliaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,superciliaris,,,,,"Kompier, 2018", 173705859,Cyclogomphus flavoannulatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Cyclogomphus,flavoannulatus,,,,,"Rangnekar, Dharwadkar, Sadasivan & Subramanian, 2019", 173705996,Dubitogomphus laosensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Dubitogomphus,laosensis,,,,,"Karube & Katatani, 2019", 173706084,Gomphidia platyceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,platyceps,,,,,"Fraser, 1953", 173712497,Gomphidia podhigai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,podhigai,,,,,"Babu & Subramanian, 2019", 173712833,Gomphidictinus kompieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidictinus,kompieri,,,,,"Karube, 2016", 173712896,Gomphidictinus tongi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidictinus,tongi,,,,,"Zhang, Guan & Wang, 2017", 173713174,Heliogomphus bidentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,bidentatus,,,,,"Kompier & Karube, 2019", 173713269,Ictinogomphus alaquopterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,alaquopterus,,,,,"Yousuf & Yunus, 1976",Ictinogomphus alaquopterus apparently differs from I. rapax only in details of colouration and wing venation and is likely to be a junior synonym of that species. 173713332,Ictinogomphus pugnovittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ictinogomphus,pugnovittatus,,,,,"Yousuf & Yunus, 1976",

Ictinogomphus pugnovittatus apparently differs from I. angulosus only in details of colouration and wing venation and is likely to be a junior synonym of that species.

173713376,Lamelligomphus vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,vietnamensis,,,,,"Karube, 2015", 173713618,Microgomphus farrelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,farrelli,,,,,"Makbun & Fleck, 2018", 173714068,Ophiogomphus caudoforcipus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,caudoforcipus,,,,,"Yousuf & Yunus, 1977 ", 173714498,Ophiogomphus longihamulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,longihamulus,,,,,"Karube, 2014", 173714662,Ophiogomphus minimus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,minimus,,,,,"Karube, 2014", 173715064,Sinogomphus mobydick,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sinogomphus,mobydick,,,,,"Kompier, 2017",

Unfortunately it is now known that the female described as that of Sinogomphus mobydick by Kompier (2017) does not actually belong to that species. This means that the only definitely known specimen of the species is the holotype male.

173715116,Stylogomphus annamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,annamensis,,,,,"Kompier, 2017", 173715585,Stylogomphus delicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,delicatus,,,,,"Kompier, 2017", 173715656,Trigomphus kompieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Trigomphus,kompieri,,,,,"Karube, 2015", 173715952,Lestes malabaricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,malabaricus,,,,,"Fraser, 1929", 173716823,Lestes patricia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,patricia,,,,,"Fraser, 1924",Kosterin (2019) recently pointed out errors in the key to South Asian Lestes in Fraser (1933) that would likely lead to misidentification of other species as L. patricia. This means that recent records of the species from Pakistan (already considered as in need of confirmation) cannot be taken as certainly referring to L. patricia with re-identification of the material concerned. 173717182,Lestes praevius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,praevius,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 173718042,Orthetrum martensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,martensi,,,,,"Asahina, 1978", 173718699,Epophthalmia australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Epophthalmia,australis,,,,,"Hagen, 1867", 173718951,Macromia murakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,murakii,,,,,"Yokoi & Souphanthong, 2019", 173719107,Macromia whitei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,whitei,,,,,"Selys, 1871","

Macromia whitei was described from “Bengale” (Selys 1871). Fraser (1936 and in earlier publications) lists Macromia whitei as a junior synonym of M. cingulata Rambur, 1842 and for this reason the species appears to have been ignored in all publications on Indian Odonata since Fraser’s time. However Fraser gives no reasons for listing M. whitei as a synonym of M. cingulata (although it is entirely plausible) and the name M. whitei has persisted in world Odonata catalogues.

" 173719140,Caconeura obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Caconeura,obscura,,,,,"(Fraser, 1933)","Caconeura obscura was described in Indoneura, from a single male collected in the Eastern Ghats of India (Fraser 1933). Lahiri (1989) listed C. obscura as a species not recorded again after its initial description." 173719263,Calicnemia akahara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,akahara,,,,,"Phan, Kompier & Karube, 2017", 173719309,Calicnemia fortis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,fortis,,,,,"Dow, Zia, Naeem & Rafi, 2014", 173719358,Calicnemia gulinensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,gulinensis,,,,,"Yu & Bu, 2008", 173719412,Calicnemia hamata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,hamata,,,,,"Phan, Kompier & Karube, 2017", 173719444,Calicnemia porcata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,porcata,,,,,"Yu & Bu, 2008",Calicnemia porcata is stated (Yu & Bu 2008) to be similar to C. miles from which it differs primarily in a small feature of the penis which may not actually be either consistently present (since only a single specimens is known this cannot be judged) or diagnostic. Taxonomic work is needed to determine if porcata is really a distinct species. 173719522,Calicnemia soccifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,soccifera,,,,,"Yu & Chen, 2013", 173719583,Calicnemia zhuae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,zhuae,,,,,"Zhang & Yang, 2008", 173719630,Coeliccia bhriulieci,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,bhriulieci,,,,,"To, Phan & Tran, 2017", 173719672,Coeliccia duytan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,duytan,,,,,"Phan, 2017", 173719682,Coeliccia hayashii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,hayashii,,,,,"Phan & Kompier, 2016", 173719717,Coeliccia lecongcoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,lecongcoi,,,,,"Phan, 2019", 173719793,Coeliccia mattii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,mattii,,,,,"Phan & Kompier, 2016", 173719820,Coeliccia mientrung,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,mientrung,,,,,"Kompier & Phan, 2017", 173719850,Coeliccia phamiha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,phamiha,,,,,"Phan & Tran, 2018", 173719920,Coeliccia rolandorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,rolandorum,,,,,"Kosterin & Kompier, 2017", 173719953,Coeliccia schorri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,schorri,,,,,"Phan & To, 2019", 173720065,Copera imbricata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Copera,imbricata,,,,,"(Hagen in Selys, 1863)", 173720212,Indocnemis marijanmatoki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Indocnemis,marijanmatoki,,,,,"Phan, 2018", 173720496,Platycnemis foliosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,foliosa,,,,,"Navás, 1932", 173721057,Protosticta joepani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,joepani,,,,,"Dow, Phan & Choong, 2020", 173721085,Protosticta ngoai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,ngoai,,,,,"Phan & Kompier, 2016","

As noted in Phan et al. (2019) it is possible that P. ngoai is a junior synonym of P. robusta Fraser, 1933 which is known only from a single female collected in Laos and it also it might be a junior synonym of Protosticta taipokauensis Asahina & Dudgeon, 1987 (which could in turn be a junior synonym of P. robusta). Additionally some or all records of Protosticta grandis Asahina, 1985 from northern Vietnam may actually refer to this species.

" 173721152,Protosticta nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,nigra,,,,,"Kompier, 2017","

Van Tol (2008) defined a “dark form” of Protosticta satoi Asahina, 1997. Later Kompier (2016a) considered this dark form as a separate species, P. nigra Kompier, 2016 but only provided a description and list of type material in Kompier (2016b).

" 173721207,Protosticta proboscis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,proboscis,,,,,"Kompier, 2016", 173721243,Protosticta pseudocuriosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,pseudocuriosa,,,,,"Phan & Kompier, 2016","Material from Vietnam identified as Protosticta khaosoidaoensis Asahina, 1984 by van Tol (2008) was shown to actually belong to Protosticta pseudocuriosa by Phan and Kompier (2016)." 173721269,Protosticta socculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,socculus,,,,,"Phan & Kompier, 2016", 173721301,Protosticta spinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,spinosa,,,,,"Phan & Kompier, 2016", 173721432,Idionyx gomantakensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,gomantakensis,,,,,"Subramanian, Rangnekar & Naik, 2013", 173721630,Idionyx murcia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,murcia,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1971", 173721841,Idionyx yolanda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,yolanda,,,,,"Selys, 1871", 173722744,Prodasineura bolavenensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,bolavenensis,,,,,"Katatani, 2019", 173816148,Imparfinis schubarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Imparfinis,schubarti,,,,,"(Gomes, 1956)","No Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, Imparfinis schubarti é apontada como sinônimo de Imparfinis mirini. No entanto, a referência bibliográfica indicada para a sinonimização não trata de revisão taxonômica, mas apenas de descrição de novas espécies. Imparfinis mirini e Imparfinis schubarti não são sinônimos e, pelo contrário, são espécies facilmente diagnosticáveis e distinguíveis uma da outra (F.A. Bockmann pers. comm. 2019)." 173823654,Anablepsoides luitalimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,luitalimae,,,,,"Nielsen, 2016", 173823741,Austrolebias araucarianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,araucarianus,,,,,"Costa, 2014", 173823810,Austrolebias bagual,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,bagual,,,,,"Volcan, Lanés & Gonçalves, 2014", 173823824,Austrolebias camaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,camaquensis,,,,,"Volcan, Gonçalves & Lanés, 2017", 173823851,Austrolebias ephemerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,ephemerus,,,,,"Volcan & Severo-Neto, 2019", 173823877,Austrolebias pelotapes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrolebias,pelotapes,,,,,"Costa & Cheffe, 2017", 173823937,Brachyhypopomus belindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,belindae,,,,,"Crampton, de Santana, Waddell & Lovejoy, 2017", 173824010,Brachyhypopomus cunia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,cunia,,,,,"Crampton, de Santana, Waddell & Lovejoy, 2017", 173824119,Brachyhypopomus menezesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,menezesi,,,,,"Crampton, de Santana, Waddell & Lovejoy, 2017", 173824145,Brachyrhamdia thayeria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Brachyrhamdia,thayeria,,,,,"Slobodian & Bockmann, 2013", 173824316,Bryconamericus coeruleus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,coeruleus,,,,,"Jerep & Shibatta, 2017", 173824450,Bunocephalus hartti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,hartti,,,,,"Carvalho, Cardoso, Friel & Reis, 2015", 173824468,Bunocephalus minerim,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,minerim,,,,,"Carvalho, Cardoso, Friel & Reis, 2015", 173824557,Cambeva pascuali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Cambeva,pascuali,,,,,"(Ochoa, Silva, Costa e Silva, Oliveira & Datovo, 2017)", 173824693,Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Ferrarissoaresia,ferrarisi,,,,,"(Birindelli, Sarmento-Soares & Lima, 2015)",

The inclusion of Ferrarissoaresia ferrarisi in a phylogenetic context is necessary to confirm its generic position (Calegari et al. 2019).

173824777,Tatia orca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,orca,,,,,"(Sarmento-Soares, Lazzarotto, Rapp Py-Daniel & Leitão, 2017)", 173824841,Characidium satoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,satoi,,,,,"Melo & Oyakawa, 2015", 173824878,Characidium travassosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,travassosi,,,,,"Melo, Buckup & Oyakawa, 2016", 173824957,Compsaraia iara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Compsaraia,iara,,,,,"Bernt & Albert, 2017", 173824969,Corumbataia liliai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Corumbataia,liliai,,,,,"Silva, Roxo, Souza & Oliveira, 2018", 173824987,Corumbataia lucianoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Corumbataia,lucianoi,,,,,"Silva, Roxo, Souza & Oliveira, 2018", 173829362,Corydoras benattii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,benattii,,,,,"Espíndola, Tencatt, Pupo, Villa‐Verde & Britto, 2018", 173829429,Corydoras brittoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,brittoi,,,,,"Tencatt & Ohara, 2016", 173829484,Corydoras costai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,costai,,,,,"Ottoni, Barbosa & Katz, 2016", 173829593,Corydoras desana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,desana,,,,,"Lima & Sazima, 2017", 58893474,Pelophylax bedriagae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,bedriagae,,,,,"(Camerano, 1882)","This species was previously reported to occur in Cyprus, however, following genetic analysis, these records are now assigned to Pelophylax cypriensis, previously confused under this name (Plötner et al. 2012)." 173829631,Corydoras hephaestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,hephaestus,,,,,"Ohara, Tencatt & Britto, 2016", 173829963,Corydoras pavanelliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,pavanelliae,,,,,"Tencatt & Ohara, 2016", 173829982,Corydoras zawadzkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,zawadzkii,,,,,"Tencatt & Ohara, 2016", 173830075,Curculionichthys jumaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,jumaorum,,,,,"(Dias, Silva, Oliveira & Roxo, 2018)", 173830147,Curculionichthys sagarana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,sagarana,,,,,"Roxo, Silva, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2015", 173830177,Cynolebias akroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,akroa,,,,,"Nielsen, Martins, Araujo, Lira & Faour, 2018", 173830260,Cynolebias elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,elegans,,,,,"Costa, 2017", 173830346,Cynolebias obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,obscurus,,,,,"Costa, 2014", 173830382,Cynolebias ochraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,ochraceus,,,,,"Costa, 2014", 173830418,Cynolebias oticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,oticus,,,,,"Costa, 2014", 173830524,Cynolebias rectiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,rectiventer,,,,,"Costa, 2014", 173830659,Cynolebias roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynolebias,roseus,,,,,"Costa, 2014", 173830737,Cynopoecilus notabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Cynopoecilus,notabilis,,,,,"Ferrer, Wingert & Malabarba, 2014", 173830864,Cyphocharax albula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,albula,,,,,"(Lütken, 1874)", 173831004,Eigenmannia antonioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,antonioi,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015", 173831033,Eigenmannia besouro,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,besouro,,,,,"Peixoto & Wosiacki, 2016", 173831169,Eigenmannia correntes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,correntes,,,,,"Campos-da Paz & Queiroz, 2017", 173831219,Eigenmannia desantanai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,desantanai,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015", 173831237,Eigenmannia guairaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,guairaca,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015", 173831399,Eigenmannia matintapereira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,matintapereira,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015", 173831411,Eigenmannia muirapinima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,muirapinima,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015", 173831449,Eigenmannia pavulagem,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,pavulagem,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015", 173831476,Eigenmannia waiwai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,waiwai,,,,,"Peixoto, Dutra & Wosiacki, 2015", 173831550,Farlowella gianetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,gianetii,,,,,"Ballen, Pastana & Peixoto, 2016", 173831578,Farlowella gladiolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,gladiolus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 173831654,Gelanoglanis pan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Gelanoglanis,pan,,,,,"Calegari, Reis & Vari, 2014", 173831671,Gelanoglanis varii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Gelanoglanis,varii,,,,,"Calegari & Reis, 2016", 173831804,Gymnotus capitimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,capitimaculatus,,,,,"Rangel-Pereira, 2014", 173831816,Gymnotus refugio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,refugio,,,,,"Giora & Malabarba, 2016", 173831846,Harttia panara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,panara,,,,,"Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018", 173831880,Harttia villasboas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,villasboas,,,,,"Oyakawa, Fichberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2018", 173831893,Hasemania uberaba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hasemania,uberaba,,,,,"Serra & Langeani, 2015", 173831905,Hisonotus alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,alberti,,,,,"Roxo, Silva, Waltz & Melo, 2016", 173831924,Hisonotus devidei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,devidei,,,,,"Roxo, Silva & Melo, 2018", 173831936,Hisonotus pachysarkos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,pachysarkos,,,,,"Zawadzki, Roxo & da Graça, 2016", 173831949,Hisonotus vespuccii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,vespuccii,,,,,"Roxo, Silva & Oliveira, 2015", 173831961,Hypopygus varii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,varii,,,,,"Campos-da-Paz, 2018", 173831979,Hypostomus velhochico,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,velhochico,,,,,"Zawadzki, Oyakawa & Britski, 2017", 173832004,Hypostomus yaku,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,yaku,,,,,"Martins, Langeani & Zawadzki, 2014", 173832069,Hypsolebias faouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,faouri,,,,,"Britzke, Nielsen & Oliveira, 2016", 173832092,Hypsolebias gardneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,gardneri,,,,,"Costa, Amorim & Mattos, 2018", 173832222,Hypsolebias hamadryades,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,hamadryades,,,,,"Costa, Amorim & Mattos, 2018", 173832276,Hypsolebias martinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,martinsi,,,,,"Britzke, Nielsen & Oliveira, 2016", 173832350,Hypsolebias shibattai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,shibattai,,,,,"Nielsen, Martins, Araujo & Suzart, 2014", 173832388,Hypsolebias splendissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,splendissimus,,,,,"Costa, 2018", 173832523,Hypsolebias trifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Hypsolebias,trifasciatus,,,,,"Nielsen, Martins, Araujo, Lira & Faour, 2014", 173832556,Ituglanis amphipotamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,amphipotamus,,,,,"Mendonça, Oyakawa & Wosiacki, 2018", 173832576,Ituglanis apteryx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,apteryx,,,,,"Datovo, 2014", 173832670,Ituglanis compactus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,compactus,,,,,"Castro & Wosiacki, 2017", 173832735,Ituglanis goya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Ituglanis,goya,,,,,"Datovo, Aquino & Langeani, 2016", 173832763,Jenynsia darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,darwini,,,,,"Amorim, 2018", 173832814,Melanorivulus aithogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,aithogrammus,,,,,"Nielsen & Britzke, 2019", 173832858,Melanorivulus britzkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,britzkei,,,,,"Nielsen, 2017", 173833048,Melanorivulus imperatrizensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,imperatrizensis,,,,,"Nielsen & Pinto, 2015", 173833151,Melanorivulus petrisecundi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,petrisecundi,,,,,"Costa, 2016", 173833185,Melanorivulus spixi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,spixi,,,,,"Costa, 2016", 173833219,Melanorivulus wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,wallacei,,,,,"Costa, 2016", 173833279,Microglanis reikoae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,reikoae,,,,,"Ruiz, 2016", 173833321,Microglanis sparsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,sparsus,,,,,"Ruiz, 2016", 173833356,Microglanis xerente,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,xerente,,,,,"Ruiz, 2016", 173833386,Microlepidogaster negomata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Microlepidogaster,negomata,,,,,"Martins, Cherobim, Andrade & Langeani, 2017", 173833424,Microplecostomus forestii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Microplecostomus,forestii,,,,,"Silva, Roxo, Ochoa & Oliveira, 2016", 173833511,Microsternarchus brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Microsternarchus,brevis,,,,,"Cox Fernandes, Nogueira, Williston & Alves-Gomes, 2015", 173833553,Neofundulus aureomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Neofundulus,aureomaculatus,,,,,"Costa, 2015", 173833573,Neoplecostomus canastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,canastra,,,,,"Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki & Oliveira, 2017", 173833621,Neoplecostomus jaguari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,jaguari,,,,,"Andrade & Langeani, 2014", 173833658,Neoplecostomus watersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Neoplecostomus,watersi,,,,,"Silva, Reia, Zawadzki & Roxo, 2019", 173833711,Odontostilbe avanhandava,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,avanhandava,,,,,"Chuctaya, Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2018", 173834526,Odontostilbe weitzmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,weitzmani,,,,,"Chuctaya, Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2018", 173834547,Otocinclus juruenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Otocinclus,juruenae,,,,,"Ribeiro & Lehmann A., 2016", 173834596,Pareiorhina pelicicei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhina,pelicicei,,,,,"Azevedo-Santos & Roxo, 2015", 173834612,Pareiorhina rosai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pareiorhina,rosai,,,,,"Silva, Roxo & Oyakawa, 2016", 173834625,Parotocinclus fluminense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,fluminense,,,,,"Roxo, Melo, Silva & Oliveira, 2017", 173834659,Pimelodella bockmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,bockmanni,,,,,"Slobodian & Pastana, 2018", 173834672,Pimelodella humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,humeralis,,,,,"Slobodian, Akama & Dutra, 2017", 173834708,Pimelodus quadratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,quadratus,,,,,"Lucinda, Ribeiro & Lucena, 2016", 173834736,Pimelodus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,speciosus,,,,,"Costa e Silva, Ribeiro, Lucena & Lucinda, 2018", 173834759,Planaltina kaingang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Planaltina,kaingang,,,,,"Deprá, da Graça, Pavanelli, Avelino & Oliveira, 2018", 173834796,Platydoras birindellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Platydoras,birindellii,,,,,"Sousa, Chaves, Akama, Zuanon & Sabaj, 2018", 173834979,Potamoglanis wapixana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Potamoglanis,wapixana,,,,,"(Henschel, 2016)", 173835122,Rhamphichthys heleios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE,Rhamphichthys,heleios,,,,,"Carvalho & Albert, 2015", 173835183,Rhinolekos capetinga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rhinolekos,capetinga,,,,,"Roxo, Ochoa, Silva & Oliveira, 2015", 173835392,Rhyacoglanis paranensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Rhyacoglanis,paranensis,,,,,"Shibatta & Vari, 2017", 173835472,Rhyacoglanis seminiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Rhyacoglanis,seminiger,,,,,"Shibatta & Vari, 2017", 173835522,Spectrolebias gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Spectrolebias,gracilis,,,,,"Costa & Amorim, 2018", 173835682,Tatia melanoleuca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,melanoleuca,,,,,"Vari & Calegari, 2014", 173835726,Tetragonopterus franciscoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tetragonopterus,franciscoensis,,,,,"Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2016", 173835993,Typhlobelus auriculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Typhlobelus,auriculatus,,,,,"de Pinna & Zuanon, 2013", 22681929,Capito brunneipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,brunneipectus,,,,,"Chapman, 1921", 139566086,Microschemobrycon meyburgi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Microschemobrycon,meyburgi,,,,,"Meinken, 1975",Sem sinonímias nos últimos cinco anos. Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. 140651114,Plesiolebias altamira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Plesiolebias,altamira,,,,,"Costa & Nielsen, 2007", 22707540,Laniarius amboimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,amboimensis,,,,,"Moltoni, 1932", 22723843,Caryothraustes erythromelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Caryothraustes,erythromelas,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","

Caryothraustes erythromelas (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Periporphyrus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 18398,Psammobates geometricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Psammobates,geometricus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",No taxonomic issues. 22725519,Turnix hottentottus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,hottentottus,,,,,"Temminck, 1815","

Turnix hottentottus and T. nanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. hottentottus following Dowsett and Forbes-Watson (1993), the gender agreement of which follows David and Gosselin (2002b), and before then were split as T. nana and T. hottentotta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22707532,Laniarius brauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Laniarius,brauni,,,,,"Bannerman, 1939", 54530,Atelopus muisca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,muisca,,,,,"Rueda-Almonacid & Hoyos, 1992", 22686282,Amazona dufresniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,dufresniana,,,,,"(Shaw, 1812)", 12520,Lynx pardinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Lynx,pardinus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)","Was previously considered conspecific with Lynx lynx by some authorities, but is currently accepted as a distinct species on the basis of both genetics (Johnson et al. 2006, Eizirik et al. submitted) and morphology (Werdelin 1981, Wozencraft 2005)." 22727080,Eubucco glaucogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Eubucco,glaucogularis,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","

Eubucco versicolor, E. steerii and E. glaucogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. versicolor following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 82494309,Hyla orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,orientalis,,,,,"Bedriaga, 1890","This was previously considered a subspecies of Hyla arborea, until it was elevated to species status by Stöck et al. (2008)." 22696523,Falco fasciinucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,fasciinucha,,,,,"Reichenow & Neumann, 1895", 49829922,Gnathocharax steindachneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE,Gnathocharax,steindachneri,,,,,"Fowler, 1913","There are no relevant taxonomic limitations." 174249091,Sarcohyla floresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Sarcohyla,floresi,,,,,"Kaplan, Heimes & Aguilar, 2020","This is a split from the broader concept of Sarcohyla pentheter (Kaplan et al. 2020). Campbell et al. (2018:378) assigned the only known specimen (IBH 138072) of S. floresi from Estado de Mexico (then S. pentheter) to S. hapsa “based on distribution and morphology,” but did not report which characters they examined. Kaplan et al. (2020) found that this specimen has the diagnostic characters of S. floresi, and thus assign it to that species." 143816734,Hemicordulia virens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,virens,,,,,"(Rambur, 1842)", 163581,Rhadinosticta banksi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Rhadinosticta,banksi,,,,,"(Tillyard, 1913)","The original description was based on specimens from Banks Island, Torres Strait, Queensland (Tillyard 1913). Additional taxonomic information is provided by Houston and Watson (1988). Tony Watson has not been able to separated Isosticta handschini, thereafter Rhadinosticta handschini, from Rhadinosticta banksi (Houston and Watson 1988, Watson et al. 1991). Theischinger and Hawking (2006) considered R. handschini  a junior synonym of R. banksi." 22695289,Terathopius ecaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Terathopius,ecaudatus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22721740,Setophaga cerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,cerulea,,,,,"(Wilson, 1810)","

Setophaga cerulea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 174481,Iguana iguana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Iguana,iguana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 56507,Pristimantis charlottevillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,charlottevillensis,,,,,"(Kaiser, Dwyer, Feichtinger & Schmidt, 1995)","

Pristimantis charlottevillensis differs from other Caribbean and South American members of the genus by its vocalizations, morphology, sexual size dimorphism, and chromosome complement. This is a presumed sister taxon to P. terraebolivaris (Kaiser et al. 1995).

" 22721563,Pselliophorus luteoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pselliophorus,luteoviridis,,,,,"Griscom, 1924", 22700946,Procnias tricarunculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Procnias,tricarunculatus,,,,,"(Verreaux & Verreaux, 1853)", 22695115,Haliaeetus vocifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,vocifer,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)", 22713801,Apalis kaboboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,kaboboensis,,,,,"Prigogine, 1955",

Apalis porphyrolaema and A. kaboboensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. porphyrolaema following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

54527,Atelopus minutulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,minutulus,,,,,"Ruíz-Carranza, Hernandez-Camacho & Ardila-Robayo, 1988", 89348353,Neodythemis infra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Neodythemis,infra,,,,,"Dijkstra, Diedericks & Mézière, 2015", 173699174,Archibasis lieftincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Archibasis,lieftincki,,,,,"Conniff & Bedjanic, 2013", 197120,Indolestes divisus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Indolestes,divisus,,,,,"(Hagen, 1862)", 141158826,Tocantinsia piresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tocantinsia,piresi,,,,,"(Miranda Ribeiro, 1920)",Não existem limitações taxonômicas relevantes à validação do táxon. Não há sinonímias para os últimos cinco anos. 22700847,Lipaugus uropygialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Lipaugus,uropygialis,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1876)", 22718735,Ploceus bannermani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,bannermani,,,,,"Chapin, 1932", 697,Agonostomus telfairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Agonostomus,telfairii,,,,,"Bennett, 1832","There has been much disagreement concerning the relationships of the one family placed in order Mugiliformes (Nelson 2006). Although reasons exist for regarding mugilids as perciform, rather than being related to the Atherinomorpha, there seems to be insufficient reason to change the classification from that given in Nelson (1994), based on Stiassny (1993) and Johnson and Patterson (1993) (Nelson 2006)." 789,Alburnus alburnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Alburnus,alburnus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 904,Alosa fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,fallax,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1803)",
 1074,Ambassis agassizii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,agassizii,,,,,"Steindachner, 1867", 2352,Atherina boyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Atherina,boyeri,,,,,"Risso, 1810",
 2568,Barbus plebejus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbus,plebejus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1839", 3381,Butis butis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Butis,butis,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","

This species is often confused with Butis amboinensis.

" 4694,Chitala blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,NOTOPTERIDAE,Chitala,blanci,,,,,"(d'Aubenton, 1965)", 5369,Coregonus lavaretus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Coregonus,lavaretus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The name Coregonus lavaretus was formerly applied to almost all Eurasian and many North American coregonids, and continues to be misapplied in scientific literature." 9184,Gila cypha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,cypha,,,,,"Miller, 1946", 9186,Gila elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,elegans,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 10722,Hypomesus transpacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,OSMERIDAE,Hypomesus,transpacificus,,,,,"McAllister, 1963", 11071,Labeo seeberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,seeberi,,,,,"Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911", 13851,Mordacia praecox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Mordacia,praecox,,,,,"Potter, 1968", 14494,Barbatula barbatula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Barbatula,barbatula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Often erroneously called Nemacheilus barbatulus, Cobitis barbatula or Orthrias barbatula. Several species are apparently confused under the name B. barbatula. Recent molecular studies suggest that several species are lumped under this name and a taxonomic revision is needed to settle this problem." 14562,Neosalanx reganius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,SALANGIDAE,Neosalanx,reganius,,,,,"Wakiya & Takahashi, 1937",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List with the incorrect spelling of regani. 18829,Ptychocheilus lucius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Ptychocheilus,lucius,,,,,"Girard, 1856", 23162,Xyrauchen texanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Xyrauchen,texanus,,,,,"(Abbott, 1860)", 39270,Blicca bjoerkna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Blicca,bjoerkna,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",
41407,Cryptotora thamicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BALITORIDAE,Cryptotora,thamicola,,,,,"(Kottelat, 1988)",Previously assessed in the 2002 Red List (and 1996 and 2000) under the generic name of Homaloptera. This species was transferred to the monospecific genus Cryptotora by Maurice Kottelat in November 1998. 61198,Caspiomyzon hellenicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Caspiomyzon,hellenicus,,,,,"(Vladykov, Renaud, Kott & Economidis, 1982)", 63292,Labeobarbus kimberleyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,kimberleyensis,,,,,"(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1913)","This species cannot be distinguished from Labeobarbus aeneus with mitochondrial DNA, but seems to be morphologically distinct. There are reports from the literature where hybridization has been confirmed (e.g. Mulder, 1971)." 63338,Oreochromis mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Oreochromis,mossambicus,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)", 135537,Alosa kessleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,kessleri,,,,,"(Grimm, 1887)", 135548,Alosa caspia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Alosa,caspia,,,,,"(Eichwald, 1838)","Recent molecular studies found all sea- and coast-spawing shads from the Aegean, Black and Caspian Sea basins to be very closely related and their taxonomy might be revised in the future. We follow the traditional species concept until this species complex will be resolved." 166138,Bostrychus sinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Bostrychus,sinensis,,,,,"Lacepède, 1801", 166446,Arius arius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,arius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 166455,Labeo nandina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,nandina,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated to this species. 166468,Wallago attu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Wallago,attu,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)","This species was described from Malabar, southern India (Bloch and Schneider 1801) and is reported to be widely distributed eastwards to the Mekong River drainage and southwards to Java, Indonesia.  The conspecificity of the populations from the Indian subcontinent, Myanmar and Southeast Asia await verification and require further study." 166479,Neolissochilus hexagonolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,hexagonolepis,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)","
" 166483,Arius gagora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,gagora,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Arius gagora was described from the estuaries of Bengal (Hamilton 1822).  It is distinguished from congeners in having an extensive and granular head shield, snout three times eye diameter, palatal teeth in two oval-oblong patches on each side and placed well forward and parallel to each other on palate and adipose fin with a dark spot (Kailola 1999)." 166497,Labeo pangusia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,pangusia,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)",There are no taxonomic discrepancies associated with this species. 166509,Ompok pabda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,pabda,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","There is some uncertainty regarding the identity of this species.  The name has been largely applied to the brown, mottled species (as opposed to silvery for O. bimaculatus) known from the Ganges-Brahmaputra system.  However, this requires further investigation, as does the record of this species outside of the Ganges-Brahmaputra system; e.g. the Indus River drainage)." 166525,Schizothorax richardsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Schizothorax,richardsonii,,,,,"(Gray, 1832)",


166543,Anabas testudineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,ANABANTIDAE,Anabas,testudineus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1792)","There has been a considerable confusion about the taxonomy of the genus Anabas.  It is often treated as monotypic, but almost certainly represents a species complex. Rao (1968) stated that there are two distinct species and gave the name oligolepis to the second species. Other authors have called it cobojius (Talwar and Jhingran 1991). Until a comprehensive revision of Anabas from its entire range has been performed, we list all populations under A. testudineus (R. Britz and H.H. Ng pers. comm., 2010)." 166556,Batasio tengana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Batasio,tengana,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","Batasio tengana was originally described from Goalpara, Assam (Hamilton 1822).  Its close similarity to and potential confusion with B. spilurus and B. fasciolatus, both sympatric congeners, led Ng (2006) to designate a neotype from the Tista River." 166591,Carinotetraodon travancoricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Carinotetraodon,travancoricus,,,,,"(Hora & Nair, 1941)","Carinotetraodon travancoricus was described as Tetraodon (Monotretus) travancoricus from Pamba river, Kerala, India (Hora and Nair 1941)." 166616,Ompok bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Bloch, 1794)","This species was previously thought to be widely distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent eastwards to Sundaic Southeast Asia (Haig 1952).  However, evidence has been presented to show that the populations from Southeast Asia are not conspecific with those from India (Kottelat and Lim 1995).  Confirmation that the Southeast Asian population is a distinct species (O. siluroides) has been presented by Ng and Hadiaty 2009).  It is still very likely that what has been identified as O. bimaculatus from throughout the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar represents more than one species (Kottelat and Lim 1995; Ng and Hadiaty 2009).  It is also likely that O. bimaculatus may be restricted to southern India and that populations from other areas of the subcontinent represent different species.  This awaits further investigation." 166992,Caragobius urolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Caragobius,urolepis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",The species was reviewed by Murdy and Shibukawa (2003). Previous records from Australia were a different species. 167006,Takifugu ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Takifugu,ocellatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The genus Takifugu speciated and radiated in marine waters around China, Korea, and Japan. The highest species density is found in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea, followed by the Sea of Japan and Pacific Coast of Japan, and finally by the South China Sea. Several species have been reported from the Indian Ocean (Yamanoue et al. 2008)." 168512,Microphis deocata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SYNGNATHIFORMES,SYNGNATHIDAE,Microphis,deocata,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 169617,Hypselobarbus thomassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,thomassi,,,,,"(Day, 1874)","Hypselobarbus thomassi was described by Day (1874) from South Canara (Dakshin Kannada), Karnataka State, India." 169618,Etroplus canarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Etroplus,canarensis,,,,,"Day, 1877","Etroplus canarensis was described by Day (1865) from South Canara (currently Karnataka, India)." 169661,Stiphodon imperiorientis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Stiphodon,imperiorientis,,,,,"Watson & Chen, 1998", 172316,Amblypharyngodon melettinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Amblypharyngodon,melettinus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1844)","What was formerly considered as a distinct species, Amblypharyngodon chakaiensis Babu Rao & Nair 1978, is now a synonym of Amblypharyngodon melettinus (Eschmeyer 2010)." 172334,Thynnichthys sandkhol,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Thynnichthys,sandkhol,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)", 172343,Mystus malabaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,malabaricus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","The species was described as Bagrus malabaricus by Jerdon (1849) from mountain streams of Malabar, India." 172383,Silonia childreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AILIIDAE,Silonia,childreni,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)", 172387,Horabagrus brachysoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Horabagrus,brachysoma,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",

Horabagrus brachysoma was described by Albert Gunther (1864) from Cochin under the name Pseudobagrus brachysoma.

172389,Pseudeutropius mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HORABAGRIDAE,Pseudeutropius,mitchelli,,,,,"Günther, 1864","Pseudeutropius mitchelli was described by Gunther (1864) from the erstwhile Madras Presidency, India." 172410,Hypselobarbus kolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,kolus,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Hypselobarbus kolus was described by Sykes (1839) as Barbus kolus. Menon and Remadevi (1995) synonimised this species with H. curmuca. Later Vairavel et al (1998) recorded this species for the first time from Kerala and treated it as a separate species.  It is a valid species based on mitochondrial genome, meristic, morphometric and osteological characterization (Arunachalam pers.comm.)." 172418,Barbodes carnaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,carnaticus,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1849)","Barbodes carnaticus was described by Jerdon (1849) from Bhavani river, Nilgiris. The placement of this species in the genus Barbodes must be examined. It is closer to Puntius and needs a new generic name (M. Arunachalam  pers. comm.)." 172428,Hypselobarbus micropogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,micropogon,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)","

Hypselobarbus micropogon was described by Valenciennes (1842) from Mysore, Karnataka, India.

" 172443,Bathygobius fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Bathygobius,fuscus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)","Bathygobius fuscus was originally described as Gobius fuscus by Rüppell (1830) from the Red Sea." 180679,Datnioides undecimradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,DATNIOIDIDAE,Datnioides,undecimradiatus,,,,,"(Roberts & Kottelat, 1994)", 180703,Scaphognathops bandanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Scaphognathops,bandanensis,,,,,"Boonyaratpalin & Srirungroj, 1971",Lower populations of this fish may actually be a new species (W. Rainboth pers. comm. 2011). 180710,Arius acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Arius,acutirostris,,,,,"Day, 1877", 180926,Ambassis miops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,AMBASSIDAE,Ambassis,miops,,,,,"Günther, 1872",This species was reviewed by Allen and Burgess (1990). 181191,Aperioptus delphax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Aperioptus,delphax,,,,,"(Siebert, 1991)", 181249,Poropuntius deauratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,deauratus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1842)", 181352,Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Amblyrhynchichthys,truncatus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 182005,Awaous bustamantei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,bustamantei,,,,,"(Greeff, 1882)","Thys (1967) noted that Gobius bustamantei Greeff, 1882 has the fleshy processes inside the branchial opening that are diagnostic for Awaous (however, Thys did not use the name Awaous in his review). Watson (1996), in review of the subgenus Chonophorus, places Gobius bustamantei Greeff, 1882 in synonymy of A. lateristriga. However, preliminary analyses made by one of us (IJH) supports Thys’s (1967) distinction of A. bustamantei and A. lateristiga based on higher scale counts in the former." 185968,Ctenogobius claytonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Ctenogobius,claytonii,,,,,"(Meek, 1902)","There was some uncertainty that this species should be known as Gobionellus atripinnis, however, it is currently considered to be valid as Ctenogobius claytonii. Gobionellus atripinnis is considered a junior synonym (L. Tornabene and F. Pezold pers. comm. 2015)." 190288,Anchoviella guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Anchoviella,guianensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 191823,Megalops atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ELOPIFORMES,MEGALOPIDAE,Megalops,atlanticus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847","Microsatellite markers demonstrated within- and among-population genetic variability. Over most of its range, genetic differentiation was subtle. Geographically isolated and peripheral populations were much more distinct. Populations from Florida, the Pacific of Panama, Gulf of Guinea, and Costa Rica, were genetically differentiated (Ward et al. 2008). It is unknown to what extent larval dispersal versus adult migrations contribute to this differentiation (Adams pers. comm. 2011)." 196313,Butis amboinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Butis,amboinensis,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)","In Australia, Butis butis is often confused with this species." 196432,Protogobius attiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,RHYACICHTHYIDAE,Protogobius,attiti,,,,,"Watson & Pöllabauer, 1998", 197036,Aldrichetta forsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,MUGILIFORMES,MUGILIDAE,Aldrichetta,forsteri,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1836)", 13151680,Hucho bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SALMONIFORMES,SALMONIDAE,Hucho,bleekeri,,,,,"Kimura, 1934", 19025492,Capoeta capoeta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Capoeta,capoeta,,,,,"(Güldenstädt, 1773)", 19513675,Boleophthalmus dussumieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Boleophthalmus,dussumieri,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1837", 19513875,Lampetra lanceolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Lampetra,lanceolata,,,,,"Kux & Steiner, 1972", 68325526,Acentrogobius caninus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acentrogobius,caninus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1837)", 91178510,Bagrichthys macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Bagrichthys,macropterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 151066406,Awaous grammepomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Awaous,grammepomus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)","This species is the senior synonym of Awaous melanocephalus (Bleeker 1849). Bleeker described the two species in the same publication, based on a male (A. melanocephalus) and a female (A. grammepomus). Awaous melanocephalus was first synonymised with A. grammepomus by Gunther (1861), although both names are still often used. Species of the genus Awaous are in need of revision." 22713125,Criniger olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Criniger,olivaceus,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)", 173720718,Platysticta secreta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Platysticta,secreta,,,,,"Bedjanic & van Tol, 2016", 180566,Aplocheilus dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Aplocheilus,dayi,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1892)","Aplocheilus dayi was described as Haplochilus dayi by Steindachner in 1892." 173720800,Platysticta serendibica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Platysticta,serendibica,,,,,"Bedjanic & van Tol, 2016", 196111,Aplocheilus werneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,APLOCHEILIDAE,Aplocheilus,werneri,,,,,"Meinke, 1966", 196109,Mystus ankutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,ankutta,,,,,"Pethiyagoda, Silva & Maduwage, 2008",Similar to Mystus nanus; identified as new species by Pethiyagoda et al. (2008). 149851090,Mystus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,nanus,,,,,"Sudasinghe, Pethiyagoda, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura, 2016",Mystus vittatus was misapplied to this species in Sri Lanka and Sudasinghe et al. in (2016) identified it as a new species. 149851034,Mystus zeylanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,zeylanicus,,,,,"Ng & Pethiyagoda, 2013", 149850612,Channa kelaartii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,kelaartii,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)",Channa gachua has been misapplied to this species. The Sri Lankan population (Channa kelaartii) is different from Indian population (Channa gachua) (Conte-Grand et al. 2017). 166584,Channa orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CHANNIDAE,Channa,orientalis,,,,,"Bloch & Schneider, 1801","This species is restricted to Sri Lanka, but the name has previously been used erroneously for Channa gachua." 153084893,Amblypharyngodon grandisquamis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Amblypharyngodon,grandisquamis,,,,,"Jordan & Starks, 1917", 196104,Dawkinsia singhala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,singhala,,,,,"(Duncker, 1912)", 41247,Dawkinsia srilankensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Dawkinsia,srilankensis,,,,,"(Senanayake, 1985)", 153085429,Devario annnataliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,annnataliae,,,,,"Batuwita, de Silva & Udugampala, 2017","Devario malabaricus (Jerdon, 1849) has been misapplied to this species. Devario annnataliae, as described by Batuwita et al. in 2017, consider this species as ""species inquirendum"" as the characters used to distinguish this species are self-contradictory, making it not possible to be distinguished from its congeners (Sudasinghe and Pethiyagoda 2019)." 149844352,Devario micronema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,micronema,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)","Batuwita et al. (2017) has reevaluated the species but it has been noted that the diagnosis provided for this species is ambiguous and self-contradictory by Sudasinghe and Pethiyagoda, thus, questioning the validity of the species (Sudasinghe and Pethiyagoda 2019)." 149844482,Devario monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,monticola,,,,,"Batuwita, De Silva & Udugampala, 2017","Devario malabaricus was misapplied to this species and it was reevaluated to valid species by Batuwita et al. (2017). However, Sudasinghe and Pethiyagoda (2019) have questioned the validity of this species on the basis that the criteria used to distinguish this species is unusable as it is ambiguous and self contradictory." 6252,Devario pathirana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,pathirana,,,,,"(Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1990)","

Danio pathirana was described from southern Sri Lanka by Kottelat and Pethiyagoda in 1990 and later was placed in the genus Devario by Feng in 2001 (Batuwita et al. 2017). This species is a barred Devario, whose distinctive color pattern immediately distinguishes it from the striped Sri Lankan Devario fishes." 8918,Garra phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,phillipsi,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1933","Originally described as subspecies of Garra ceylonensis by Deraniyagala (1933), who noted that the 76 specimens collected from stream from Mousakele estate, Gammaduwa (3,500 ft) were markedly different from specimens collected elsewhere. Later it was evaluated to species level by Pethiyagoda (1991)." 11072,Labeo lankae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeo,lankae,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1952","This species was originally described as a subspecies of Labeo porcellus by Deraniyagala (1952). Correspondence from R. Pethiyagoda for the 1996 Red List indicates that lankae should be maintained as a distinct species endemic to Sri Lanka whereas porcellus is confined to northwest India, south of Bombay. In 2018, Sudasinghe et al. reviewed the genus and phylogenetically proved the species status." 195357,Laubuka insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,insularis,,,,,"Pethiyagoda, Kottelat, Silva, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura, 2008","Formerly of the genus Laubuca, now of the genus Laubuka. Laubuca was believed to be a misspelling of the genus name (Kottelat 2013)." 195358,Laubuka lankensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,lankensis,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1960)",

Initially described as a subspecies of Chela laubuca by Deraniyagala in 1960. Redescribed as a species by Pethiyagoda et al. in 2008 as Laubuca lankensis. The genus Laubuca was changed to Laubuka as it was believed to be a misspelling of the genus name (Kottelat 2013).

195359,Laubuka ruhuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,ruhuna,,,,,"Pethiyagoda, Kottelat, Silva, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura, 2008","Formerly of the genus Laubuca, now of the genus Laubuka. Laubuca was believed to be a misspelling of the genus name (Kottelat 2013)." 195360,Laubuka varuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,varuna,,,,,"Pethiyagoda, Kottelat, Silva, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura, 2008","

Formerly of the genus Laubuca, now of the genus Laubuka. Laubuca was believed to be a misspelling of the genus name (Kottelat 2013).

" 18905,Pethia bandula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,bandula,,,,,"(Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1991)",The name of the genus has been changed to Pethia by Pethiyagoda et al. (2012) 196102,Pethia melanomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,melanomaculata,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1956)",Originally described as a subspecies of Puntius ticto by Deraniyagala (1956) and re-evaluated as a species by Batuwita et al. in 2015. 18895,Pethia nigrofasciata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,nigrofasciata,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",The name of the genus was changed to Pethia by Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). 196103,Pethia reval,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,reval,,,,,"(Meegaskumbura, Silva, Maduwage & Pethiyagoda, 2008)",The name of this genus was changed to Pethia by Pethiyagoda et al. (2012). Barbus cumingii  (= Puntius cumingii) was misapplied to this species by Meegaskumbura et al. (2008) 195362,Puntius kamalika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,kamalika,,,,,"Silva, Maduwage & Pethiyagoda, 2008",Puntius amphibius was misapplied to this species until Silva et al. (2008) re-evaluated it as a new species. 195361,Puntius kelumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,kelumi,,,,,"Pethiyagoda, Silva, Maduwage & Meegaskumbura, 2008",The name Puntius dorsalis was misapplied to this species (Pethiyagoda et al. 2008). 18900,Puntius titteya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Puntius,titteya,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1929", 19314,Rasbora wilpita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasbora,wilpita,,,,,"Kottelat & Pethiyagoda, 1991", 117513347,Rasboroides pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasboroides,pallidus,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1958)","In 1958, Deraniyagala described Rasbora vaterifloris pallida. Later Batuwita et al. (2013) evaluated it as a true species. Rasboroides rohani is a junior synonym of Rasboroides pallidus (Sudasinghe et al. 2018)" 117512666,Rasboroides vaterifloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Rasboroides,vaterifloris,,,,,"(Deraniyagala, 1930)",Rasbora vaterifloris pallida was misapplied to this species (Batuwita et al. 2013). Rasboroides nigromarginata is a junior synonym of R. vaterifloris (Sudasinghe et al. 2018). 149847680,Schistura madhavai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,madhavai,,,,,"Sudasinghe, 2017", 196108,Schistura notostigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,notostigma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1863)", 149847763,Schistura scripta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,scripta,,,,,"Sudasinghe, 2018", 2759,Belontia signata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Belontia,signata,,,,,"(Günther, 1861)", 149851149,Ompok argestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,argestes,,,,,"Sudasinghe & Meegaskumbura, 2016",Ompok bimaculatus has been misapplied to this species (Sudasinghe and Meegaskumbura 2016). 153085669,Ompok ceylonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SILURIDAE,Ompok,ceylonensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)",Ompok bimaculatus misapplied to this species (Sudasinghe and Meegaskumbura 2016). 180853,Mystus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Volz, 1904)", 887,Aloeides kaplani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,kaplani,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1977", 888,Aloeides merces,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,merces,,,,,"Henning & Henning, 1986", 889,Aloeides nollothi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,nollothi,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1977",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 10964,Kedestes chaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,chaca,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 11542,Lepidochrysops badhami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,badhami,,,,,"van Son, 1956","Henning et al. (2009: 104) state that ""... there is an undescribed coastal subspecies of this insect from the Northern Cape."" A series of some 20 specimens recently captured by Williams and Garvie (October 2010) inland of Port Nolloth shows no obvious differences from topotypical material." 11546,Lepidochrysops oosthuizeni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,oosthuizeni,,,,,"Swanepoel & Vári, 1983", 11550,Lepidochrysops poseidon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,poseidon,,,,,"Pringle, 1987", 16896,Phasis pringlei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Phasis,pringlei,,,,,"Dickson, 1977", 17845,Chrysoritis azurius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,azurius,,,,,"(Swanepoel, 1975)", 21753,Thestor dryburghi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,dryburghi,,,,,"van Son, 1966",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 21754,Thestor pringlei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,pringlei,,,,,"Dickson, 1976",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 21756,Thestor stepheni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,stepheni,,,,,"Swanepoel, 1968",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 62123,Thestor montanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,montanus,,,,,"van Son, 1941",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 159915,Chrysoritis pelion,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,pelion,,,,,"(Pennington, 1953) ", 160380,Thestor braunsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,braunsi,,,,,"van Son, 1941",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 160426,Crudaria capensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Crudaria,capensis,,,,,"van Son, 1956","This genus is in need of a taxonomic review. This species is very similar to Crudaria wykehami and doubtless often overlooked by non-specialists also because of its resemblance to the common Crudaria leroma (Pringle et al. 1994)." 160680,Stygionympha robertsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,robertsoni,,,,,"(Riley, 1932)", 160980,Lepidochrysops lerothodi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,lerothodi,,,,,"(Trimen, 1904)", 161203,Aloeides barklyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,barklyi,,,,,"(Trimen, 1874) ", 161277,Chrysoritis beulah,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,beulah,,,,,"(Quickelberge, 1966) ", 149797532,Coeliades lorenzo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Coeliades,lorenzo,,,,,"Evans, 1947", 149797547,Moltena fiara,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Moltena,fiara,,,,,"(Butler, 1870)", 161276347,Aloeides henningi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,henningi,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1973", 161276455,Calleagris kobela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Calleagris,kobela,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 161276510,Alenia sandaster,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Alenia,sandaster,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161276563,Aloeides caffrariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,caffrariae,,,,,"Henning G.A., 1987", 161276677,Aloeides simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,simplex,,,,,"(Trimen, 1893)", 161276730,Aloeides quickelbergei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,quickelbergei,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968", 161276786,Aloeides margaretae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,margaretae,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 161276839,Aloeides maluti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,maluti,,,,,"Pringle, 1983", 161276892,Aloeides macmasteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,macmasteri,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1973", 161276947,Aloeides juana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,juana,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Species group needs to be reviewed. 161277144,Aloeides arida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,arida,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968", 161277197,Aloeides almeida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,almeida,,,,,"(Felder, 1862)", 161277520,Calleagris krooni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Calleagris,krooni,,,,,"Vári, 1974", 161277665,Tsitana uitenhaga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Tsitana,uitenhaga,,,,,"Evans, 1937", 161277718,Tsitana tsita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Tsitana,tsita,,,,,"(Trimen, 1870)", 161278015,Kedestes macomo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,macomo,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 161278229,Platylesches ayresii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Platylesches,ayresii,,,,,"(Trimen, 1889)", 161278437,Astictopterus inornatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Astictopterus,inornatus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 161278545,Spialia asterodia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,asterodia,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 161278631,Spialia sataspes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,sataspes,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)", 161279047,Aloeides rileyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,rileyi,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1976", 161279101,Aloeides susanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,susanae,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1973", 161279307,Aloeides dicksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,dicksoni,,,,,"Henning G.A., 1987", 161279978,Aloeides bamptoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,bamptoni,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1977",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 161280064,Aloeides apicalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,apicalis,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 161280477,Aloeides dryas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,dryas,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968", 161280831,Aloeides swanepoeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,swanepoeli,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1973", 161280888,Aloeides gowani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,gowani,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 161281004,Alenia namaqua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Alenia,namaqua,,,,,"Vári, 1974", 161281183,Aloeides braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,braueri,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 161281244,Aloeides mbuluensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,mbuluensis,,,,,"Pringle, 1994", 161281418,Aloeides depicta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,depicta,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Species group in need of taxonomic revision. 161281804,Aloeides taikosama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,taikosama,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161281985,Kedestes lepenula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Kedestes,lepenula,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1857)", 161282103,Spialia nanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Spialia,nanus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1889)", 161282171,Aloeides oreas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,oreas,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968", 161282231,Aloeides penningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,penningtoni,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968", 161282692,Aloeides pierus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,pierus,,,,,"(Cramer, [1779])", 161282747,Aloeides titei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,titei,,,,,"Henning G.A., 1987",Two distinct populations are currently allocated to this species. The northern population requires taxonomic review. 161282802,Aloeides vansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aloeides,vansoni,,,,,"Tite & Dickson, 1968",Taxonomic status with regard to the relationship to A. gowani and A. bamptoni to be investigated. 161317205,Charaxes vansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,vansoni,,,,,"van Someren, 1975", 161317258,Charaxes pelias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,pelias,,,,,"(Cramer, [1775])", 161317807,Tarucus thespis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tarucus,thespis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 161317873,Oraidium barberae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Oraidium,barberae,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161317927,Orachrysops subravus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,subravus,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1994", 161318101,Orachrysops lacrimosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Orachrysops,lacrimosa,,,,,"(Bethune-Baker, 1923)", 161318368,Lepidochrysops swartbergensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,swartbergensis,,,,,"Swanepoel, 1969", 161318427,Lepidochrysops rossouwi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,rossouwi,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1994","A similar taxon in south-east Botswana has been located (T.B. Larsen, pers. comm.); images of the adults show that the Botswana material is referable to L. rossouwi. " 161318565,Phasis braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Phasis,braueri,,,,,"Dickson, 1968", 161319709,Lepidochrysops puncticilia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,puncticilia,,,,,"(Trimen, 1883)", 161319761,Lepidochrysops robertsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,robertsoni,,,,,"Cottrell, 1965", 161319813,Lepidochrysops southeyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,southeyae,,,,,"Pennington, 1967", 161319880,Lepidochrysops tantalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,tantalus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)",Northern and southern populations may represent distinct taxa. This possibility needs to be researched. 161320010,Lepidochrysops vansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,vansoni,,,,,"(Swanepoel, 1949)", 161320068,Lepidochrysops variabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,variabilis,,,,,"Cottrell, 1965", 161320235,Lycaena clarki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lycaena,clarki,,,,,"Clark & Dickson, 1971", 161320290,Lycaena orus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lycaena,orus,,,,,"(Stoll, [1780])", 161320974,Tuxentius hesperis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Tuxentius,hesperis,,,,,"(Vári, 1976)", 161321579,Thestor holmesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,holmesi,,,,,"van Son, 1951",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 161321671,Thestor murrayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,murrayi,,,,,"Swanepoel, 1953",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 161321725,Thestor overbergensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,overbergensis,,,,,"Heath & Pringle, 2004",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 161321813,Thestor penningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,penningtoni,,,,,"van Son, 1949",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 161321969,Thestor rileyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,rileyi,,,,,"Pennington, 1956",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 161322043,Thestor vansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,vansoni,,,,,"Pennington, 1962",Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). 161322125,Baliochila aslanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Baliochila,aslanga,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 161322306,Durbaniopsis saga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Durbaniopsis,saga,,,,,"(Trimen, 1883)", 161322586,Charaxes pondoensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,pondoensis,,,,,"van Someren, 1967", 161325990,Tarsocera fulvina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tarsocera,fulvina,,,,,"Vári, 1971",The genus is in need of revision. 161326575,Stygionympha curlei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,curlei,,,,,"Henning S.F. & Henning G.A., 1996", 161326728,Stygionympha vansoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,vansoni,,,,,"(Pennington, 1953)", 161326942,Teracolus subfasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Teracolus,subfasciatus,,,,,"Swainson, 1833","Previously placed in Colotis Hübner, [1819]; Teracolus Swainson, [1833] was re-instated as a valid genus by Nazari et al. (2011). " 161327080,Stygionympha irrorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,irrorata,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 161327243,Pseudonympha paludis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,paludis,,,,,"Riley, 1938", 161327309,Pseudonympha machacha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,machacha,,,,,"Riley, 1938", 161327361,Dingana angusta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dingana,angusta,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1996", 161327601,Coenyra aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenyra,aurantiaca,,,,,"Riley, 1938", 161327930,Aeropetes tulbaghia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Aeropetes,tulbaghia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1764)", 161328381,Cassionympha detecta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cassionympha,detecta,,,,,"(Trimen, 1914)", 161328433,Coenyra hebe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenyra,hebe,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 161328485,Coenyra rufiplaga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Coenyra,rufiplaga,,,,,"Trimen, 1906", 161328537,Dingana alticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dingana,alticola,,,,,"Henning G.A. & Henning S.F., 1996", 161329014,Pseudonympha gaika,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,gaika,,,,,"Riley, 1938", 161329066,Pseudonympha hippia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,hippia,,,,,"(Cramer, [1779])", 161329177,Pseudonympha magus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,magus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1793)", 161329355,Pseudonympha penningtoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,penningtoni,,,,,"Riley, 1938", 161329500,Stygionympha vigilans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,vigilans,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 161329554,Tarsocera cassina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tarsocera,cassina,,,,,"(Butler, 1868)",The genus is in need of revision. 161329609,Tarsocera dicksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tarsocera,dicksoni,,,,,"(van Son, 1962)",The genus is in need of revision. 161329663,Tarsocera imitator,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tarsocera,imitator,,,,,"Vári, 1971 ",The genus is in need of revision. 161329719,Tarsocera namaquensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tarsocera,namaquensis,,,,,"Vári, 1971 ",The genus is in need of revision. 161329910,Colotis erone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,erone,,,,,"(Angas, 1849)", 161330246,Colotis lais,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Colotis,lais,,,,,"(Butler, 1876)", 161330457,Paternympha loxophthalma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Paternympha,loxophthalma,,,,,"(Vári, 1971) ", 161330795,Stygionympha geraldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Stygionympha,geraldi,,,,,"Pennington, 1970", 161331715,Tarsocera southeyae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tarsocera,southeyae,,,,,"Dickson, 1969",The genus is in need of revision. 161331926,Dira oxylus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Dira,oxylus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1881)", 161332032,Cassionympha cassius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cassionympha,cassius,,,,,"(Godart, [1824])", 161332084,Neita durbani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neita,durbani,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 161332145,Torynesis hawequas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Torynesis,hawequas,,,,,"Dickson, 1973",The genus is in need of revision. 161332199,Torynesis magna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Torynesis,magna,,,,,"(van Son, 1941)",The genus is in need of revision. 161332253,Torynesis pringlei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Torynesis,pringlei,,,,,"Dickson, 1979",The genus is in need of revision. 161336049,Harpendyreus notoba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Harpendyreus,notoba,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161336309,Lepidochrysops ignota,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,ignota,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 161336856,Chrysoritis lycegenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,lycegenes,,,,,"(Trimen, 1874)","There are populations intermediate with C. lyncurium in western KwaZulu-Natal (Owen-Johnston 1991), e.g. some localities such as at Bushman's Nek have intermediate forms and this may be a hybrid zone. A full DNA study of the various populations should help to clarify these relationships. Furthermore there is a population closest to C. lycegenes near Morgenzon in Mpumalanga that requires further investigation (Owen-Johnston 1991)." 161337054,Argyraspodes argyraspis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Argyraspodes,argyraspis,,,,,"(Trimen, 1873)", 161337339,Chrysoritis aridus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,aridus,,,,,"(Pennington, 1953)", 161337645,Axiocerses croesus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Axiocerses,croesus,,,,,"(Trimen, 1862)", 161337913,Chrysoritis midas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,midas,,,,,"(Pennington, 1962)", 161337966,Chrysoritis natalensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,natalensis,,,,,"(van Son, 1966)", 161338093,Chrysoritis plutus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,plutus,,,,,"(Pennington, 1967)", 161338489,Euchrysops dolorosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Euchrysops,dolorosa,,,,,"(Trimen & Bowker, 1887)", 161338809,Harpendyreus noquasa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Harpendyreus,noquasa,,,,,"(Trimen & Bowker, 1887)", 161338867,Harpendyreus tsomo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Harpendyreus,tsomo,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161338974,Lepidochrysops asteris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,asteris,,,,,"(Godart, [1824])", 161339029,Lepidochrysops australis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,australis,,,,,"Tite, 1964",Taxonomic status of populations presumed to be referable to this species in the east and north-west parts of its range uncertain. 161340059,Lepidochrysops letsea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,letsea,,,,,"(Trimen, 1870)", 161340111,Lepidochrysops braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,braueri,,,,,"Dickson, 1966", 161340779,Chrysoritis chrysaor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,chrysaor,,,,,"(Trimen, 1864)","Heath & Pringle (2007) synonymised C. lycia with C. chrysaor, and recognised the Leipoldtville and Matjiesfontein populations as form lycia." 161341172,Lepidochrysops ortygia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,ortygia,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 161341342,Lepidochrysops dukei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,dukei,,,,,"Cottrell, 1965", 161341605,Chrysoritis aethon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,aethon,,,,,"(Trimen, 1887)", 161341761,Chrysoritis braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,braueri,,,,,"(Pennington, 1967)", 161341863,Brephidium metophis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Brephidium,metophis,,,,,"(Wallengren, 1860)", 161341916,Cacyreus dicksoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cacyreus,dicksoni,,,,,"Pennington, 1962", 161341969,Chrysoritis chrysantas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,chrysantas,,,,,"(Trimen, 1868)", 161342021,Chrysoritis perseus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Chrysoritis,perseus,,,,,"(Henning, 1977)", 161342145,Iolaus silas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,silas,,,,,"(Westwood, [1851])", 161342198,Lepidochrysops grahami,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Lepidochrysops,grahami,,,,,"(Trimen, 1893)", 161550433,Thestor rossouwi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thestor,rossouwi,,,,,"Dickson, 1971","Genus recently revised by Heath & Pringle (2004). Thestor swanepoeli Pennington, 1971 was treated in Dickson & Kroon (1978) and Pringle et al. (1994) as a distinct species; the taxon was synonymized with T. rossouwi by Heath & Pringle (2004)." 175184008,Nothobranchius ugandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,ugandensis,,,,,"Wildekamp, 1994","

The first account of a Nothobranchius species in Uganda was by Boulenger (1902) in which he listed it as N. taeniopygus. Many of the subsequent publications also referred to the same name until N. taeniopygus was redescribed by Wildekamp (1990) and its range of distribution was limited to drainage systems in Tanzania. Wildekamp established the species Nothobranchius ugandensis from Uganda in 1994, and that status has been since accepted by all authors.

Combined morphometric and molecular analyses from populations across Uganda, including representative material from the Albert Nile drainage in western Uganda, shows that populations from Albert Nile drainage, previously regarded as belonging to N. ugandensis, belong to a distinct species described as N. albertinensis by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in Nagy et al. (2020).

" 175184725,Nothobranchius albertinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,albertinensis,,,,,"Nagy, Watters & Bellstedt, 2020","

Populations of this species were regarded as belonging to Nothobranchius ugandensis that was described by Wildekamp (1994) from collections made near Busesa, north of Lake Victoria, and which species is known from the drainage systems of the Nile and Lake Kyoga in central and northern Uganda, as well as in the drainage system of Lake Victoria in south-eastern Uganda and south-western Kenya. Combined morphometric and molecular analyses from populations across Uganda, including representative material from the Albert Nile drainage in western Uganda, shows that populations from the Albert Nile drainage, previously regarded as belonging to N. ugandensis, belong to a distinct species described as N. albertinensis by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in Nagy et al. (2020).

" 175184840,Nothobranchius attenboroughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,attenboroughi,,,,,"Nagy, Watters & Bellstedt, 2020","

Populations of this species were regarded as part of a diverse complex generally lumped into Nothobranchius species ‘Lake Victoria’, from the basin of that lake in central and western Tanzania and south-western Kenya, together with populations from drainage systems in central Tanzania. Combined morphometric and molecular analyses have revealed that populations from the Grumeti and other lesser systems east of Lake Victoria in northern Tanzania represent a different species, which was described as Nothobranchius attenboroughi by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in Nagy et al. (2020).

" 175184881,Nothobranchius hoermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,hoermanni,,,,,"Nagy, Watters & Bellstedt, 2020","

Nothobranchius hoermanni was described by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in Nagy et al. (2020).

" 175184906,Nothobranchius itigiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,itigiensis,,,,,"Nagy, Watters & Bellstedt, 2020","

Nothobranchius itigiensis was described by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in Nagy et al. (2020).

" 175184932,Nothobranchius moameensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,moameensis,,,,,"Nagy, Watters & Bellstedt, 2020","

Populations of this species were regarded as part of a diverse complex generally lumped into Nothobranchius species ‘Lake Victoria’, from the basin of that lake in central and western Tanzania and south-western Kenya, together with populations from drainage systems in central Tanzania. Combined morphometric and molecular analyses have revealed that populations from the Moame system south of Lake Victoria in northern Tanzania represent a different species, which was described as Nothobranchius moameensis by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in Nagy et al. (2020).

" 175184958,Nothobranchius venustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,venustus,,,,,"Nagy, Watters & Bellstedt, 2020","

Populations of this species were regarded as part of a diverse complex generally lumped into Nothobranchius species ‘Lake Victoria’, from the basin of that lake in central and western Tanzania and south-western Kenya, together with populations from drainage systems in central Tanzania. Combined morphometric and molecular analyses have revealed that populations from the south-western part of the Lake Victoria basin in north-western Tanzania represent a different species, which was described as Nothobranchius venustus by Nagy, Watters and Bellstedt in Nagy et al. (2020).

" 22701605,Formicivora erythronotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Formicivora,erythronotos,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1852", 57018,Pristimantis turpinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,turpinorum,,,,,"(Hardy, 2001)", 57027,Pristimantis urichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,urichi,,,,,"(Boettger, 1894)","There is uncertainty about the taxonomic status of this name in Venezuela. Pristimantis urichi was listed by Rivero (1964), but that name was misapplied according to Kaiser et al. (1994) and Barrio-Amorós et al. (2007) because P. urichi is indeed restricted to the island of Trinidad (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2010). J. Hardy (pers. comm.) has seen specimens from Venezuela in North American institutions; these are in poor condition and are misidentifications of P. urichi." 107605000,Maculabatis bineeshi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,bineeshi,,,,,"Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2016",Previously confused with the Whitespotted Whipray (Maculabatis gerrardi) from which it can be distinguished based on colour and morphometrics (Manjaji-Matsumoto and Last 2016). 161566,Maculabatis gerrardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Maculabatis,gerrardi,,,,,"(Gray, 1851)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Maculabatis, comprised of nine medium to large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including gerrardi). Reports of the species are often confused with the Coach Whipray (Himantura uarnak)." 104166988,Neotrygon caeruleopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,caeruleopunctata,,,,,"Last, White & Séret, 2016","Prior to the recent species description, this species previously included Neotrygon kuhlii (Last et al. 2016a). The Neotrygon genus has recently been split and currently includes at least 11 species. It is difficult to distinguish some members of the genus based solely on morphology, thus the true distribution and overlap of species is not currently known. More work is required to fully understand where each member of the Neotrygon genus occurs," 104208524,Pateobatis bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pateobatis,bleekeri,,,,,"(Blyth, 1860)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Pateobatis, comprised of five medium-size to very large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including bleekeri). Previously on The IUCN Red List bleekeri was treated as a junior synonym of uarnacoides (M. Manjaji pers. obs. 2007). However, Pateobatis bleekeri is considered a valid species by Last et al. (2016). This species was formerly referred to as Himantura alcockii/Himantura uarnacoides in the Arabian Seas region." 161547,Pateobatis uarnacoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pateobatis,uarnacoides,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Pateobatis, comprised of five medium-size to very large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including uarnacoides). Previously on The IUCN Red List, bleekeri was treated as a junior synonym of uarnacoides (M. Manjaji pers. obs. 2007). However Pateobatis bleekeri is considered a valid species by Last et al. (2016). This species is misidentified for Himantura lobiostoma, Pateobatis hortlei and Maculabatis pastinacoides (M. Manjaji pers. obs. 2007)." 195474,Rhinoptera jayakari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,RHINOPTERIDAE,Rhinoptera,jayakari,,,,,"Boulenger, 1895", 22719078,Malimbus ballmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Malimbus,ballmanni,,,,,"Wolters, 1974", 181682,Synodontis kogonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,MOCHOKIDAE,Synodontis,kogonensis,,,,,"Musschoot & Lalèyè, 2008","This species has been separated from Synodontis schall of which it defers mainly by the width of the pemaxillary toothplate and can be distinguished one from the other by differences in orbit diameter." 22685755,Leptosittaca branickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Leptosittaca,branickii,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894", 22735497,Hypocnemis striata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,striata,,,,,"(von Spix, 1825)", 22703277,Grallaria watkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,watkinsi,,,,,"Chapman, 1919", 22698159,Procellaria cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Procellaria,cinerea,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22726303,Trichoglossus forsteni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,forsteni,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850","

Trichoglossus haematodus, T. forsteni, T. capistratus, T. weberi, T. rubritorquis, T. moluccanus and T. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. haematodus following Christidis and Boles (1994), and before then were split as T. haematodus and T. rubritorquis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 173714756,Paragomphus campestris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,campestris,,,,,"Bedjanic, 2013", 22727255,Ciconia episcopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CICONIIFORMES,CICONIIDAE,Ciconia,episcopus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Ciconia episcopus and C. microscelis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. episcopus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 175534175,Sicyopus beremeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopus,beremeensis,,,,,"Keith, Amick, Toko & Lord, 2019", 11146,Lagenorhynchus obscurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Lagenorhynchus,obscurus,,,,,"(Gray, 1828)","

The genus Lagenorhynchus is polyphyletic and likely an artificial genus (LeDuc et al. 1999, Harlin-Cognato 2010), and this species is likely to be included eventually in the genus Sagmatias along with L. obliquidens (Pacific White-sided Dolphin) (Vollmer et al. 2018).

Four subspecies of Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) are currently recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy (2018): African Dusky Dolphin L. o. obscurus off southern Africa, Fitzroy’s Dolphin L. o. fitzroyi off eastern South America, Peruvian/Chilean Dusky Dolphin L. o. posidonia off western South America, and the New Zealand Dusky Dolphin (un-named) off New Zealand (Perrin 2002). The populations centered in New Zealand, the west coast of South America, and southwestern Africa are genetically and morphologically distinct (Harlin-Cognato et al. 2007, Cassens et al. 2003, Würsig et al. 1997, Van Waerebeek 1993a,b). There is a hiatus in distribution spanning about 1,000 km along the Chilean coast (Van Waerebeek, 1994), and the animals off Patagonia in Argentina are smaller than those off northern Chile and Peru (Van Waerebeek, 1993b), suggesting that there may be separate subspecies in western and eastern South America (Van Waerebeek, 1993a,b).

Dusky Dolphins also occur around some oceanic island groups (e.g., Tristan da Cunha, Prince Edward, Amsterdam, and St. Paul Islands). The subspecies affinities of these groups are uncertain.

" 175699141,Laemolyta orinocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Laemolyta,orinocensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 175699271,Leporinus boehlkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,boehlkei,,,,,"Garavello, 1988", 175699356,Leporinus gossei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,gossei,,,,,"Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991", 175699429,Leporinus nigrotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,nigrotaeniatus,,,,,"(Jardine, 1841)", 175699560,Petulanos spiloclistron,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Petulanos,spiloclistron,,,,,"(Winterbottom, 1974)",Records of this species from Guyana are here considered misidentifications of Petulanos plicatus. 175699619,Schizodon scotorhabdotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Schizodon,scotorhabdotus,,,,,"Sidlauskas, Garavello & Jellen, 2007","Although not a synonym, before the description of this species it was identified as Schizodon isognathus, a species now known to occur only in southern South America." 103831996,Pycnonotus snouckaerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,snouckaerti,,,,,"Siebers, 1928","

Pycnonotus bimaculatus and P. snouckaerti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. bimaculatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 175713614,Adontosternarchus devenanzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Adontosternarchus,devenanzii,,,,,"Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & Baskin, 1985","Adontosternarchus devenanzii was described by Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & Baskin 1985. The species is distinguished from congeneres by the combination of following characters: tail and caudal peduncle short; head length less than two times caudal peduncle length; interradial membrane of anal and pectoral fins hyaline; a pale white or yellow stripe on dorsal border of body from snout (sometime from chin) to the origin of dorsal thong; head profile rounded (Mago-Leccia et al. 1985)" 175713650,Apteronotus galvisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,galvisi,,,,,"de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo & Crampton, 2007","Apteronotus galvisi belongs to the Apteronotus leptorhynchus species group and is differentiated from A. anu by the condition of the fifth infraorbital, present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment vs absent; the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous; the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–12 vs seven to nine; and the tail length, 11.8–15.9% of LEA vs 17.1–37.5%. Apteronotus galvisi is distinguished from A. baniwa by the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–12 vs seven to eight. Apteronotus galvisi differs from A. ferrarisi in the orbital diameter, 6.4–11.3% of HL vs 4.0–5.9%; and the tail length, 11.8–15.9% of LEA vs 6.9-9.9%. Apteronotus galvisi is differentiated from A. leptorhynchus by the number of caudal-fin rays, 10–16 vs 17–21; the length of the anal-fin base, 69.4–81.1% of LEA vs 81.7–83.7%; and the tail length 11.8–15.9% of LEA vs 17.1–18.6%. Apteronotus galvisi is distinguished from A. macrostomus by the number of caudal-fin rays, 10–16 vs 18–21. Apteronotus galvisi differs from A. pemon in the ocular diameter, 6.4–11.3% of HL vs 4.0–6.3%; the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–12 vs eight to nine; and the number of caudal-fin rays, 10–16 vs 18–20. Apteronotus galvisi is differentiated from A. rostratus by the condition of the fifth infraorbital, present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment vs absent; the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous; and the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–12 vs nine to ten. Apteronotus galvisi is distinguished from A. spurrellii by the ocular diameter, 6.4–11.3% of HL vs 3.7-5.8%; the condition of the fifth infraorbital, present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment vs absent; the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–12 vs eight to nine; the number of anal-fin rays, 145–165 vs 171–173; and the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous (de Santana and Vari 2013)." 175714108,Apteronotus macrostomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,macrostomus,,,,,"(Fowler, 1943)","Apteronotus macrostomus belongs to Apteronotus leptorhynchus species group and is distinguished from A. anu by the condition of the fifth infraorbital, present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment vs absent; the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous; the number of anal-fin rays, 140–152 vs 159–176; the number of caudalfin rays, 18–21 vs 10–13; and the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–14 vs seven to nine. Apteronotus macrostomus is differentiated from A. baniwa by the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody,11–14 vs seven to eight; the number of caudal-fin rays, 18–21 vs 14–17; and the number of precaudal vertebrae, 18 vs 16–17. Apteronotus macrostomus differs from A. ferrarisi in the tail length, 13.9–20.6% of LEA vs 6.9-9.9%; the number of caudal-fin rays, 18–21 vs 15–17; and the number of total vertebrae, 75 vs 61–71. Apteronotus macrostomus is distinguished from A. galvisi by the number of caudal-fin rays, 18–21 vs 10–16. Apteronotus macrostomus is differentiated from A. leptorhynchus by the number of pectoral-fin rays, 14–17 (17 pectoral-fin rays present in two of 13 specimens examined) vs 17–18 (17 pectoral-fin rays present in one of four specimens examined). In addition, the holotypes of A. macrostomus and A. leptorhynchus, both mature males of nearly identical sizes, differ from each other in the head depth, 32.5% of HL vs 43.6%; the snout length, 44.7% of HL vs 41.9%; the mouth length, 56.2% of HL vs 48.8%; and the postorbital distance, 48.7% of HL vs 57.9%. Apteronotus macrostomus is distinguished from A. pemon by the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–14 vs eight to nine. Apteronotus macrostomus is distinguished from A. rostratus by the condition of the fifth infraorbital, present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment vs absent; the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous; the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–14 vs nine to ten; the number of anal-fin rays, 140–152 vs 153–162; the number of caudal-fin rays, 18–21 vs 14–16; and the tail length, 13.9–20.6% of LEA vs 10.6–12.4%. Apteronotus macrostomus is differentiated from A. spurrellii by the condition of the fifth infraorbital, present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment vs absent; the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous; the number of pectoral-fin rays, 15–17 vs 12–13; the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, 11–14 vs eight to nine; the number of anal-fin rays, 140–152 vs 171–173; and the number of caudal-fin rays, 18–21 vs 14 (de Santana and Vari 2013)." 175714211,Apteronotus magoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,magoi,,,,,"de Santana, Castillo & Taphorn, 2006","Apteronotus magoi is diagnosed from all other species of Apteronotus sensu stricto by the following combination of characters: the body is dark brown to black with a prominent cream-coloured or yellow broad band on the chin and the anterior, dorsal mid-line of head, with a narrower band on the dorsal mid-line of body; and a white caudal peduncle overlain by mottled black or dark brown spots. Apteronous magoi resembles A. albifrons from the Río Orinoco basin, the latter has two well-defined light-coloured bands on caudal peduncle throughout ontogeny. Apteronotus magoi has a shallower caudal fin (7.5-10.3% of caudal length, n = 6) than A. albifrons (18.3-30.4%, n= 11) (de Santana et al. 2006)." 175714299,Megadontognathus cuyuniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Megadontognathus,cuyuniensis,,,,,"Mago-Leccia, 1994","The apteronotid genus Megadontognathus has a remarkable apomorphic feature, up to 2-3 large and conical teeth (sometimes somewhat recurved) on the posterior region of dentary, the anterior region being edentulous (Mago-Leccia 1994). The genus has two species, M. cuyuniensis Mago-Leccia 1994 and M. kaitukaensi Campos da Paz 1999. The species M. cuyuniensis differs from M. kaitukaensi by its larger snout, 35.3-37.9% vs 29.8-33.7% of HL; somewhat smaller branchial opening, 8.7%-18.6% vs 17.4-21.0% of HL; somewhat smaller length to end of anal fin, 73.9-77.5% vs 76.9-81.2% of TL; higher counts of precaudal vertebrae, 20 vs 16-17, and anterior vertebrae 19 vs 13-14; and smaller counts of transitional vertebrae, 1 vs 3. Smaller counts of premaxillary teeth in M. cuyuniensis, 2-3 vs 4-9; maximum number of scales above lateral line, 12 vs 14-15. Upper pharyngeal tooth plates edentulous and poorly developed, vs with 5-10 teeth in M. kaitukaensis; smaller number of teeth on lower pharyngeal tooth plates of M. cuyuniensis, 7-6-7 vs 11; two anterior ossified basibranchials in M. cuyuniensis vs only anterior most basibranchial ossified in M. kaitukaensis (Campos da Paz 1999)." 175714403,Sternarchella orthos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchella,orthos,,,,,"Mago-Leccia, 1994","Sternarchella orthos is described by Mago-Leccia (1994) from Venezuela, Apure state, Orinoco River basin, Apure River, east of San Fernando de Apure. The species can be diagnosed from all congeners by the presence of a terminal mouth vs. sub-terminal in S. orinoco and S. sima, and superior in S. calhamazon, S. duccis and S. patriciae, shared with S. raptor, S. rex, and S. schotti; the possession of a long body cavity with 14-16 pre-caudal vertebrae vs. less than 14 in S. calhamazon, shared with S. duccis, S. orinoco, S. patriciae, S. raptor, S. rex, S. schotti, and S. sima; the presence of a fan or rod-shaped second basibranchial vs. hour-glass shaped in S. calhamazon, S. duccis, S. patriciae, S. raptor, and S. rex and triangular in S. sima and S. orinoco, shared with S. schotti and the presence of a crown of thorny projections present at border between parietals and supraoccipital, continuing to epioccipital vs. no crown present in S. calhamazon, S. duccis, S. orinoco, S. raptor, S. rex, S. schotti, and S. sima, shared with S. patriciae (Evans et al. 2017)." 49830544,Sternarchogiton porcinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchogiton,porcinum,,,,,"Eigenmann & Allen, 1942","Sternarchogiton porcinum is diagnosed from all congeners in having the dorsal profile of head straight vs. convex; black margins of the pectoral and anal fins vs. completely hyaline in S. nattereri, lightly speckled with pale pigmentation in S. labiatus, and black in S. preto, regardless of water quality; ossified enlarged canals in the first to fourth infraorbitals vs. first to fourth infraorbitals unossified or absent; one row of conical teeth on the dentary vs. two rows in S. labiatus; and the absence of teeth on the premaxilla vs. presence of dentition in S. preto (de Santana and Crampton 2007)." 175714581,Sternarchorhynchus gnomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,gnomus,,,,,"de Santana & Taphorn, 2006","Sternarchorhynchus gnomus was described by de Santana and Taphorn (2006) from Venezuela, Bolivar state, Caroni River. The species can be recognized among congeners of the Orinoco River basin by its short gape, terminating posteriorly at, or slightly anterior of, vertically through the anterior naris; and mid-dorsal region of head and body without narrow, lightly coloured stripe or stripe obscure (de Santana and Vari 2010)." 175714612,Sternarchorhynchus marreroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,marreroi,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2010","Sternarchorhynchus marreroi is distinguished from congeners in the Orinoco River basin by the following combination of characters: a short gape that terminates posteriorly at, or slightly short of, the vertical through the anterior nares; the presence of a definite series of scales along the mid-dorsal region of the body; the presence of a more lightly colored narrow band of mid-dorsal pigmentation on the head and mid-dorsal region of the body extending posteriorly to the origin of the electroreceptive filament and sometimes beyond that point; the hyaline anal fin with slight dusky pigmentation distally in some specimens; the extension of the lateral line posteriorly to a point four to five scales anterior of the base of the caudal fin; the possession of eight premaxillary teeth, two rows of teeth on the dentary with eight teeth in the outer row; 14 caudal-fin rays; 15 precaudal vertebrae; 21–31 anterior unbranched anal-fin rays; 162–181 total anal-fin rays; ten to 11 scales above the lateral line at the mid-body (de Santana and Vari 2010)." 49830114,Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1849)","Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus is distinguished from all congeners other than S. goeldii by possessing the following combination of characters: the gape of the mouth is aligned with main axis of snout, with the gape elongate and extending posteriorly distinctly beyond the vertical through the posterior naris. Sternarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus differs from S. goeldii in the number of total vertebrae, 97–108 vs 92–94, respectively; the greatest body depth, 6.3–9.2 vs 8.2–10.8 of TL, respectively; and to a notable degree in head depth at the nape, 26.8–37.7 vs 35.0–44.8 of HL (de Santana and Vari 2010)." 175714713,Sternarchorhynchus roseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchorhynchus,roseni,,,,,"Mago-Leccia, 1994","Sternarchorhynchus roseni is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: a short gape that terminates posteriorly at, or slightly short of, the vertical through the anterior nares, having the scales along the mid-dorsal portion of the body anterior to the origin of the electroreceptive filament sparse and covered by skin, the presence of a more lightly coloured, narrow band of mid-dorsal pigmentation on the head and middorsal region of the body extending posteriorly to the origin of the electroreceptive filament and sometimes beyond that point, the possession of a total of eight to 11 teeth on the dentary, 16 precaudal vertebrae, 19–27 anterior unbranched anal-fin rays, 193–210 total anal-fin rays, the greatest body depth (8.6–10.9 of LEA), the caudal length (10.7–12.8 of LEA), the head depth at the nape (40.1–46.3 of HL), the head depth at the eye (23.0–29.9 of HL), the head width (19.7–23.0 of HL), the distance from the posterior naris to the snout (6.0–8.4 of HL), the distance from the posterior naris to the eye (49.8–63.4 of HL), the postocular distance (34.0–40.7 of HL), the pectoral-fin length (34.4–41.0 of HL), and the tail depth (11.0–16.1 of caudal length) (de Santana and Vari 2010)." 175714950,Bunocephalus amaurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,amaurus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 49829855,Hoplomyzon papillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Hoplomyzon,papillatus,,,,,"Stewart, 1985", 175715103,Hoplomyzon sexpapilostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Hoplomyzon,sexpapilostoma,,,,,"Taphorn & Marrero, 1990", 175715478,Ageneiosus magoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Ageneiosus,magoi,,,,,"Castillo & Brull G., 1989", 175715628,Tatia concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,concolor,,,,,"Mees, 1974", 175715960,Tatia punctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,punctata,,,,,"Mees, 1974", 175716142,Duringlanis romani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Duringlanis,romani,,,,,"(Mees, 1988)", 175716353,Entomocorus gameroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Entomocorus,gameroi,,,,,"Mago-Leccia, 1984", 175716644,Pseudepapterus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Pseudepapterus,gracilis,,,,,"Ferraris & Vari, 2000", 175716723,Tatia galaxias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,galaxias,,,,,"Mees, 1974", 175716779,Tatia musaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,musaica,,,,,"Royero, 1992", 175716840,Trachelyichthys decaradiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyichthys,decaradiatus,,,,,"Mees, 1974",Records from the Orinoco basin and upper Rio Negro in Colombia and Venezuela correspond to an undescribed species 175716898,Trachelyopterichthys anduzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Trachelyopterichthys,anduzei,,,,,"Ferraris & Fernandez, 1987", 175718316,Corydoras habrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,habrosus,,,,,"Weitzman, 1960", 175718371,Corydoras heteromorphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,heteromorphus,,,,,"Nijssen, 1970", 175718881,Corydoras melanistius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,melanistius,,,,,"Regan, 1912", 175718969,Corydoras osteocarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,osteocarus,,,,,"Böhlke, 1951", 175719880,Corydoras septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,septentrionalis,,,,,"Gosline, 1940", 175721234,Cetopsidium minutum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsidium,minutum,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 175721530,Cetopsidium morenoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsidium,morenoi,,,,,"(Fernández-Yépez, 1972)", 175721719,Cetopsis orinoco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,orinoco,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 175721939,Cetopsis umbrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,umbrosa,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 175722159,Helogenes castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Helogenes,castaneus,,,,,"(Dahl, 1960)", 175722247,Acanthocharax microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Acanthocharax,microlepis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 175722320,Aphyocharacidium melandetum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Aphyocharacidium,melandetum,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 175723586,Deuterodon mutator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,mutator,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)","This species was described in the genus Astyanax, but it is now tentatively placed in the genus Deuterodon." 175723696,Astyanax myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,myersi,,,,,"(Fernández-Yépez, 1950)","This species was originally described in the subgenus Poecilurichthys, which is now a subgenus of Astyanax. It may be underestimated because of misidentifications since it is similar to some species of Jupiaba." 175723727,Astyanax scintillans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,scintillans,,,,,"Myers, 1928","Astyanax scintillans was described using a small, shiny specimen. As the name implies, it was shiny silver on the body. This shininess has been shown to be caused by a parasitic infection in other species of Characidae, so that could also be the case with this species. The validity of the species needs to be investigated, but few museums and no live specimens are available for study, so doubt remains." 175723771,Astyanax siapae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,siapae,,,,,"Garutti, 2003","This species is misidentified as Astyanax bimaculatus in many museum records, especially those processed before the description of A. siapae in 2003." 175723950,Astyanax venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,venezuelae,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 175724021,Aulixidens eugeniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Aulixidens,eugeniae,,,,,"Böhlke, 1952", 166624,Aborichthys garoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Aborichthys,garoensis,,,,,"Hora, 1925","Hora (1925) described Aborichthys garoensis from Tura, Garo Hills in Meghalaya, India." 203012,Abronia anzuetoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,anzuetoi,,,,,"Campbell & Frost, 1993", 203019,Abronia vasconcelosii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,vasconcelosii,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1871)", 29479,Abronia frosti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Abronia,frosti,,,,,"Campbell, Sasa, Aceevedo & Mendelson, 1998", 188621,Abudefduf hoefleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACENTRIDAE,Abudefduf,hoefleri,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)",Genetic studies indicate that this species should be synonymized to Abudefduf saxatilis (L.A. Rocha pers. comm. 2010). It is provisionally regarded as a valid species (A. hoefleri) until current genetic studies are published. 19674914,Acanthothericles bicoloripes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,THERICLEIDAE,Acanthothericles,bicoloripes,,,,,"Descamps, 1977", 168292,Acantopsis multistigmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,COBITIDAE,Acantopsis,multistigmatus,,,,,"Vishwanath & Laisram, 2005", 13186336,Acisoma ascalaphoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Acisoma,ascalaphoides,,,,,"Rambur, 1842","The type locality for Acisoma panorpoides ascalaphoides is Madagascar. It is not currently certain that the populations of Madagascar and mainland Africa are similar (K. Schütte in Dijkstra and Boudot 2010), so it is likely that the present subspecific name will have to change in the future for Africa.

This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List as Acisoma panorpoides ssp. ascalaphoides but it has now been promoted to Acisoma ascalaphoides." 15038553,Acrostira euphorbiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Acrostira,euphorbiae,,,,,"Garcia-Becerra & Oromi, 1992", 170924,Aegopis acies,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,acies,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1819)", 171035,Aegopis tenerrimus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Aegopis,tenerrimus,,,,,"(Brancsik, 1890)", 56057,Afrixalus clarkei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Afrixalus,clarkei,,,,,"Largen, 1974","Largen (2001) emended the name from Afrixalus clarkei to Afrixalus clarkeorum. However, according to Amphibian Species of the World version 5.6, this is an unjustified emendation (Frost 2013)." 19672423,Afrophlaeoba longicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Afrophlaeoba,longicornis,,,,,"Jago, 1983", 103821318,Alophoixus tephrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,tephrogenys,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1833)","

Alophoixus bres, A. frater and A. tephrogenys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. bres following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 19672430,Afrophlaeoba usambarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Afrophlaeoba,usambarica,,,,,"(Ramme, 1929)", 170883,Agathylla abrupta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,abrupta,,,,,"(Küster, 1845)", 171005,Agathylla narentana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,narentana,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)", 171169,Agathylla goldi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,goldi,,,,,"(Walderdorff, 1864)", 171524,Agathylla lamellosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,lamellosa,,,,,"(J.A. Wagner, 1829)", 171620,Agathylla neutra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,neutra,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1898)", 171670,Agathylla formosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Agathylla,formosa,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)", 169187,Agrionoptera dorothea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Agrionoptera,dorothea,,,,,"Fraser, 1927","Fraser (1927) described it as Agrionoptera insignis dorothea. Prasad and Varshney (1995) listed this subspecies of A. insignis as a separate species A. dorothea. Recently, in Mitra (2002) A. insignis dorothea has been listed as a synonym to A. insignis (Rambur, 1842). Agrionoptera dorothea has therefore been assessed as a separate species due to taxonomic ambiguity.

" 192058,Ahaetulla fronticincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ahaetulla,fronticincta,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","This species was formerly placed in the genus Dryophis. Records of this mangrove species from far inland in northeastern India, presumably from upland forest, are very likely to be misidentifications." 42863256,Alcalus rajae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Alcalus,rajae,,,,,"Iskandar, Bickford, & Arifin, 2011", 79935161,Alcalus baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Alcalus,baluensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Alcalus sariba (Brown et al. 2015). 

There may be a zone of sympatry for this species and Alcalus sariba in the northern Sarawak and Brunei area, but this needs requires further research for verification (I. Das pers. comm March 2018)." 79934933,Alcalus sariba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Alcalus,sariba,,,,,"(Shelford, 1905)","This is a split from the broader concept of Alcalus baluensis by Brown et al. (2015), who recognised this species as distinct and placed it in this genus (it was previously known as Ingerana baluensis - Inger and Tan 1996)." 41226,Alcalus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Alcalus,mariae,,,,,"(Inger, 1954)", 75885807,Alinda stabilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,stabilis,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1847)","The generic assignment of this species varies between authors; it might be Alinda, Pseudalinda, Alinda (Pseudalinda)." 75888092,Alinda jugularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,jugularis,,,,,"(Vest, 1859)","The generic assignment of this species varies between authors; it might be Alinda, Pseudalinda, Alinda (Pseudalinda)." 75888486,Alinda viridana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,viridana,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)","The generic assignment of this species varies between authors; it might be Alinda, Pseudalinda, Alinda (Pseudalinda)." 75887757,Alinda fallax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alinda,fallax,,,,,"(Rossmassler, 1836)","The generic assignment of this species varies between authors; it might be Alinda, Pseudalinda, Alinda (Pseudalinda)." 19672436,Allaga ambigua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Allaga,ambigua,,,,,"Karsch, 1896", 86862896,Allecula morio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Allecula,morio,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1787)", 86862982,Allecula suberina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Allecula,suberina,,,,,"Novák, 2012","According to Soldati F. (pers. comm. 2016), Allecula suberina might be conspecific with Allecula semilivida Pic, 1891 (now considered junior synonym to Allecula morio (Fabricius, 1787). Research is ongoing to revise the status of Allecula semilivida - type material to be studied and status changes to be published when confirmed." 190492,Allobates paleovarzensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,paleovarzensis,,,,,"Lima, Caldwell, Biavati & Montanarin, 2010","Allobates was formerly included within Dendrobatidae (Grant et al. 2006). Three subpopulations assigned to this species in the original description are included only tentatively (Lima et al. 2010), and the taxonomy of this species remains to be resolved (A. Lima and I. Kaefer pers. comm. October 2010)." 55141,Allobates ranoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,ranoides,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1918)",This species was removed from the synonymy of Allobates brunneus by Silverstone (1971). 84379452,Allocnemis vicki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Allocnemis,vicki,,,,,"Dijkstra & Schütte, 2015", 191371,Allodontichthys tamazulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,GOODEIDAE,Allodontichthys,tamazulae,,,,,"Turner, 1946","Holotype and Paratypes of this species were taken by Clarence L. Turner from the Río Tamazula in Jalisco, just above the town of Tamazula de Giordano in April 1939. In the following years, this species was found to inhabit the Río Tamazula/ Tuxpán system downstream to about the town of San Marcos, 12km SE of Tuxpán, upper Río Coahuayana sections. Furthermore, it was collected in the Río El Tule drainage above El Pihuamo, an affluent of the middle Río Coahuayana section (named Río Naranjo). From the distribution in two distinct river systems, two subpopulations, the Río Tuxpán subpopulation (type subpopulation) and the Río El Tule subpopulation, can be inferred." 171265,Alopia bogatensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Alopia,bogatensis,,,,,"(E.A. Bielz, 1856)","Alopia bogatensis has two subspecies: A. bogatensis bogatensis (E.A. Bielz, 1856) and Alopia bogatensis angustata (E.A. Bielz 1859)." 198136,Alpheus cyanoteles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ALPHEIDAE,Alpheus,cyanoteles,,,,,"Yeo & Ng, 1996", 61800,Alsodes igneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALSODIDAE,Alsodes,igneus,,,,,"Cuevas & Formas, 2005", 54886,Altiphrynoides osgoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Altiphrynoides,osgoodi,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)","Most of the recent publications have treated this as a species of Spinophrynoides (Gower et al. 2012)." 154967,Amblygobius buanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Amblygobius,buanensis,,,,,"Herre, 1927", 45727636,Ameerega berohoka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,berohoka,,,,,"Vaz-Silva & Maciel, 2011", 55219,Ameerega cainarachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,cainarachi,,,,,"(Schulte, 1989)", 77187888,Ameerega yoshina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,yoshina,,,,,"Brown & Twomey, 2009", 112689481,Ameerega shihuemoy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ameerega,shihuemoy,,,,,"Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, Villacampa-Ortega, von May, Gutiérrez, Padial & Chaparro, 2017", 113256871,Amietia chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,chapini,,,,,"(Noble, 1924)",This species was resurrected from synonymy with Amietia angolensis by Channing et al. (2016) and now also includes the name Amietia amieti. 113259295,Amietia moyerorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,moyerorum,,,,,"Channing, Dehling, Lötters & Ernst, 2016","Formerly known as Amietia angolensis and, potentially, partially Amietia viridireticulata, which has now been synonymized under Amieita tenuoplicata (Channing et al. 2016)." 113259478,Amietia nutti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,nutti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",This name was resurrected from synonymy with Amietia angolensis by Channing et al. (2016) and includes A. lubrica. 58189,Amietia ruwenzorica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,ruwenzorica,,,,,"(Laurent, 1972)", 58191,Amietia wittei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Amietia,wittei,,,,,"(Angel, 1924)",The species occurs in sympatry with Amietia nutti (Channing et al. 2016). 175862145,Trachypithecus phayrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,phayrei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)","

A member of the Trachypithecus obscurus group, that also includes T. obscurus and T. barbei, a sister clade to the T. cristatus group (Roos et al., 2007). Groves (2001) grouped T. obscurus and T. phayrei, but he was unsure of the affiliation of T. barbei and placed it in the T. cristatus group, suspecting (p.266), however, that it should in fact be allied with T. obscurus. Roos et al. (2007, 2020) defined this group phylogenetically (mtDNA haplotypes), confirming Groves’ (2001) suspicion and including T. barbei as a sister species to phayrei. Napier (1985) and Groves (2001) placed crepusculus Elliot, 1909, and shanicus Wroughton, 1917, as subspecies of phayrei. Leidigk et al. (2009) and Roos et al. (2019, 2020), however, showed that crepusculus was in fact the earliest branch of the francoisi group. Roos et al. (2020) found that phayrei comprised three clades that diverged about 1 Mya: besides phayrei, shanicus, which they synonymized with melamera Elliot, and a third previously unnamed form that they called popa—each as full species.

" 149661429,Hynobius bakan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,bakan,,,,,"Matsui, Okawa & Nishikawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius nebulosus prior to its description by Matsui et al. (2019). 79075070,Hynobius shinichisatoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,shinichisatoi,,,,,"Nishikawa & Matsui, 2014",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius boulengeri until it was elevated to species status by Nishikawa and Matsui (2014). 22733677,Geokichla interpres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,interpres,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)",

Geokichla interpres (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera interpres.

175960637,Brachychalcinus orbicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Brachychalcinus,orbicularis,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1850)",In the past this species was classified in the genera Poptella and Ephippicharax. 175960684,Knodus alpha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,alpha,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1914)", 175960717,Knodus cinarucoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,cinarucoensis,,,,,"(Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C., 2008)", 175960795,Bryconamericus cismontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,cismontanus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914", 175960835,Hemibrycon cristiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,cristiani,,,,,"(Román-Valencia, 1999)", 175960864,Hemibrycon loisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,loisae,,,,,"(Géry, 1964)", 175960932,Bryconamericus macarenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,macarenae,,,,,"Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn, 2010", 175960952,Bryconamericus macrophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,macrophthalmus,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2003", 175961012,Bryconamericus motatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,motatanensis,,,,,"Schultz, 1944","Knodus motatanensis has been proposed as a new combination based on genetic evidence (García-Melo et al. 2019). However, Bryconamericus motatanensis is still considered a valid species by Fricke et al. (2020)." 175961057,Bryconamericus singularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,singularis,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C., 2008", 175961085,Bryconamericus subtilisform,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,subtilisform,,,,,"Román-Valencia, 2003","This and most other Bryconamericus and Knodus species are difficult to identify. Thus, in most museum collections species of those genera are usually left as sp., leading to an underestimated abundance, and misleading geographic ranges." 175961126,Ceratobranchia joanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Ceratobranchia,joanae,,,,,"Chernoff & Machado-Allison, 1990","We suspect that there may be more than one species identified as Ceratobranchia joanae because it is reported from three disparate localities: one from an Andean piedmont whitewater river; one from a llanos (savannah); and one from a river draining the northern Guiana Shield in Venezuela. This species is possibly more abundant than reported, but misidentified because of its similarity to species of Bryconamericus and Knodus." 175961154,Charax apurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,apurensis,,,,,"Lucena, 1987",Most museum records of this species are identified as Charax gibbosus. 175961201,Charax metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,metae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 175961218,Charax notulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,notulatus,,,,,"Lucena, 1987",Most older museum records of this species are identified as Charax gibbosus. 175961263,Cheirodontops geayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cheirodontops,geayi,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 175961354,Corynopoma riisei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Corynopoma,riisei,,,,,"Gill, 1858", 175962338,Creagrutus bolivari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,bolivari,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 175962388,Creagrutus calai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,calai,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 175962417,Creagrutus ephippiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,ephippiatus,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001","Most species of Creagrutus are difficult to identify. As a result, many museum records are misidentified, or left as ""sp."". This seriously limits our ability to correctly interpret species' geographic ranges. One distinction of Creagrutus ephippiatus is the form of its humeral spots, which are saddle like and meet on the dorsal midline (Vari and Harold 2001)." 175962462,Creagrutus machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,machadoi,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 175962504,Creagrutus maculosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,maculosus,,,,,"Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn, 2010", 175962541,Creagrutus magoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,magoi,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 175962664,Creagrutus melasma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,melasma,,,,,"Vari, Harold & Taphorn, 1994", 175963030,Creagrutus taphorni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,taphorni,,,,,"Vari & Harold, 2001", 175963091,Ctenobrycon oliverai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Ctenobrycon,oliverai,,,,,"Benine, Lopes & Ron, 2010","Until its description, specimens of this species were identified as Ctenobrycon spilurus, and so museum records are unreliable if not reidentified to determine the range of each of those species." 175963124,Cynopotamus bipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Cynopotamus,bipunctatus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1909", 175963161,Gephyrocharax valencia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gephyrocharax,valencia,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1920", 175963551,Gymnocorymbus bondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Gymnocorymbus,bondi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1911)", 49830516,Hemigrammus cylindricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,cylindricus,,,,,"Durbin, 1909","This species was described from Guyana, in the Essequibo River Basin. Reports of it from the Orinoco River basin, from the Guiana Shield rivers are questionable and not verified; possible but unlikely since there are no records of it from rivers in between. Records from Ecuador are here considered misidentifications. Hemigrammus species are difficult to identify, and there are no modern studies providing keys to the numerous species found in northern South America." 175965508,Hemigrammus erythrozonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,erythrozonus,,,,,"Durbin, 1909","Identification of Hemigrammus species is usually difficult, given there small size and overall similarities among many species. As a result, many museum specimens are misidentified or left as ""sp""." 175965533,Hemigrammus micropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,micropterus,,,,,"Meek, 1907", 49829773,Hemigrammus rodwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,rodwayi,,,,,"Durbin, 1909","Although this species is reported from many places in South America, it is probably a complex of similar, cryptic species. The taxonomy is in need of review to determine whether it is a species limited to coastal rivers in the Guianas, or is more widespread." 176041,Amietina larrochei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Amietina,larrochei,,,,,Cambefort,"

The genus Amietina Cambefort was only described in 1981 and now comprises four species (ScarabNet 2009). The relatively recent discovery of Amietina larrochei probably owes to its small-body size, forest distribution, and probable specialized habits.

" 175965820,Hyphessobrycon acaciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,acaciae,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Prada-Pedreros, 2010", 175965898,Hyphessobrycon albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,albolineatus,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1950", 61861,Amnirana fonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,fonensis,,,,,"Rödel & Bangoura, 2004",The taxonomic status of this species requires resolution as it is likely to comprise several species (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm. July 2016). 175966213,Hyphessobrycon eos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,eos,,,,,"Durbin, 1909", 175966239,Hyphessobrycon hildae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,hildae,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1950", 175966286,Hyphessobrycon metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,metae,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1914","It is probable that many specimens identified as H. metae could be other similar species, such as H. mavro." 175966337,Hyphessobrycon niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,niger,,,,,"García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Prada-Pedreros, 2010", 175966356,Hyphessobrycon otrynus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,otrynus,,,,,"Benine & Lopes, 2008","This species is nearly identical to Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, which was also described from the Orinoco River Basin (Río Vichada)." 175966406,Hyphessobrycon saizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,saizi,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 175966474,Jupiaba mucronata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,mucronata,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)", 175966521,Jupiaba pinnata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,pinnata,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)", 58201,Amnirana parkeriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Amnirana,parkeriana,,,,,"(Mertens, 1938)", 175966823,Knodus meridae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Knodus,meridae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1911",Older publications and museum records will report this species as Bryconamericus meridae. 47262569,Ampedus samai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Ampedus,samai,,,,,"Schimmel & Platia, 1988", 175967031,Markiana geayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Markiana,geayi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1909)", 49829651,Microschemobrycon melanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Microschemobrycon,melanotus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)","The alpha taxonomy of Microschemobrycon species requires additional revision. Microschemobrycon melanotus is reported from many places in South America, but was described from the relatively isolated Essequibo River basin in Guyana. It may eventually be found to be endemic to the Guianas, with other similar species from other basins recognized as distinct members of a cryptic species complex." 122150274,Amphicnemis annae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,annae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 175967525,Moenkhausia browni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,browni,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909","There are populations of this species identified from several countries, and several different river systems. We suspect that they may be a species complex of cryptic species, but at this time they are all identified as Moenkhausia browni, which was originally described from the Potaro River drainage in Guyana." 175967614,Moenkhausia eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,eigenmanni,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 175967634,Moenkhausia metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,metae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 49829698,Moenkhausia robertsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,robertsi,,,,,"Géry, 1964", 175967743,Moenkhausia shideleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,shideleri,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909", 122150350,Amphicnemis madelenae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,madelenae,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1913", 175968320,Odontostilbe pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,pulchra,,,,,"(Gill, 1858)", 175968570,Odontostilbe splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Odontostilbe,splendida,,,,,"Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2007", 122150271,Amphicnemis amabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,amabilis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940","

There is a possibility that Amphicnemis amabilis is a junior synonym of A. bicolor (Martin, 1897), in which case the known range of A. bicolor will be considerably increased and reassessment of A. bicolor will be needed.

" 175968871,Phenacogaster maculoblonga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,maculoblonga,,,,,"Lucena & Malabarba, 2010", 163769,Amphicnemis bicolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,bicolor,,,,,"(Martin, 1898)","

There is a possibility that Amphicnemis amabilis Lieftinck, 1940 is a junior synonym of A. bicolor, in which case the known range of A. bicolor will be considerably increased and re-assessment of A. bicolor will be needed.

" 175969495,Phenacogaster microstictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,microstictus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909","Species identification of Phenacogaster is difficult. Most museum specimens have not been correctly identified, thus complicating analysis of the geographic range. Available keys are not reliable." 175969516,Phenacogaster prolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,prolata,,,,,"Lucena & Malabarba, 2010","Species identification of Phenacogaster is difficult. Most museum specimens have not been correctly identified, thus complicating analysis of the geographic range. Available keys are not reliable." 175969814,Pristella maxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pristella,maxillaris,,,,,"(Ulrey, 1894)","This species was described from the lower Orinoco River Basin, near the coast. We suspect that it is a coastal species, but there are records of it inland. It may be that the inland records are misidentifications of the very similar Pristella ariporo, which was described from the upper Meta River drainage (upper Orinoco)." 175970777,Roeboides araguaito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,araguaito,,,,,"Lucena, 2003", 175970827,Roeboides dientonito,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,dientonito,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 122150307,Amphicnemis erminea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,erminea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 175971044,Roeboides numerosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Roeboides,numerosus,,,,,"Lucena, 2000", 163802,Amphicnemis platystyla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,platystyla,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953",Known only from the holotype. 175971499,Schultzites axelrodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Schultzites,axelrodi,,,,,"Géry, 1964",This species is only known from the original description. It is likely that it has been confused with Moenkhausia dichroura or M. lepidura. 49830221,Xenagoniates bondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Xenagoniates,bondi,,,,,"Myers, 1942", 122150378,Amphicnemis triplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Amphicnemis,triplex,,,,,"Dow, 2014", 175972298,Aequidens chimantanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,chimantanus,,,,,"Inger, 1956", 167486,Amphigomphus nakamurai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Amphigomphus,nakamurai,,,,,"Karube, 2001", 182019,Amphilius mamonekenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AMPHILIIDAE,Amphilius,mamonekenensis,,,,,"Skelton, 2007",The specimens of Amphilius lamani of the upper Mpoulou River are Amphilius mamonekenensis. 175974327,Apistogramma hoignei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,hoignei,,,,,"Meinken, 1965", 175974369,Apistogramma hongsloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,hongsloi,,,,,"Kullander, 1979", 175976548,Apistogramma inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,inornata,,,,,"Staeck, 2003", 175976690,Apistogramma macmasteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,macmasteri,,,,,"Kullander, 1979", 175976772,Apistogramma megaptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,megaptera,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 175976896,Apistogramma ortmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,ortmanni,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)","The taxonomy of Apistogramma species is more complex and diverse than is currently reflected by the number of described species. As research progresses, populations of Apistogramma ortmanni other than those of the lowland coastal rivers of Guyana will probably prove to be different, as yet unrecognized species." 175977017,Apistogramma velifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,velifera,,,,,"Staeck, 2003", 175977121,Apistogramma viejita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,viejita,,,,,"Kullander, 1979", 175978514,Biotoecus dicentrarchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Biotoecus,dicentrarchus,,,,,"Kullander, 1989", 175978706,Cichla intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichla,intermedia,,,,,"Machado-Allison, 1971", 175979454,Cichlasoma orinocense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Cichlasoma,orinocense,,,,,"Kullander, 1983", 22714131,Zosterops meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,meeki,,,,,"Hartert, 1898", 176001460,Crenicichla geayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,geayi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1903", 176001535,Crenicichla sveni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,sveni,,,,,"Ploeg, 1991", 176001662,Dicrossus gladicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Dicrossus,gladicauda,,,,,"Schindler & Staeck, 2008", 176002147,Mikrogeophagus ramirezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Mikrogeophagus,ramirezi,,,,,"(Myers & Harry, 1948)", 176002689,Characidium chupa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,chupa,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 49829506,Characidium pellucidum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,pellucidum,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909","This reportedly widespread species probably consists of a species complex of cryptic species, as yet undescribed. If that is the case, the true Characidium pellucidum may be limited to the rivers of the Guianas." 176002730,Melanocharacidium compressum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Melanocharacidium,compressum,,,,,"Buckup, 1993", 176002745,Curimata cerasina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Curimata,cerasina,,,,,"Vari, 1984", 176002773,Cyphocharax meniscaprorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,meniscaprorus,,,,,"Vari, 1992","Identification of Cyphocharax species is difficult, and many time museum specimens are left as ""sp."" complicating their use for determining species' ranges and abundance. We suspect that this species is more common, but unrecognized, as indicated by Vari (1992) who stated that most specimens from the Orinoco River Basin had been mistakenly identified as C. spilurus." 176002795,Cyphocharax oenas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,oenas,,,,,"Vari, 1992", 49829972,Steindachnerina argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,argentea,,,,,"(Gill, 1858)", 176002884,Steindachnerina pupula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Steindachnerina,pupula,,,,,"Vari, 1991", 176003244,Doras carinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Doras,carinatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 176003351,Doras micropoeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Doras,micropoeus,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 176003736,Oxydoras sifontesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Oxydoras,sifontesi,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1968", 49830101,Platydoras costatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Platydoras,costatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 176003888,Rhinodoras gallagheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Rhinodoras,gallagheri,,,,,"Sabaj Pérez, Taphorn & Castillo G., 2008", 176003914,Rhynchodoras castilloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Rhynchodoras,castilloi,,,,,"Birindelli, Sabaj Pérez & Taphorn, 2007", 49829602,Carnegiella myersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,GASTEROPELECIDAE,Carnegiella,myersi,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1950", 49830059,Gymnotus anguillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,anguillaris,,,,,"Hoedeman, 1962","Recently, the taxonomy and systematic of the family Gymnotidae was reviewed and a new classification, and diagnostic characters for clades and species was offered (Craig et al. 2019). Gymnotus anguillaris is located in the subgenus Lamontianus which is equivalent to “Gymnotus anguillaris clade” of Tagliacollo et al. (2016), and Gymnotus (Lamontianus) anguillaris is the new combination. Subgenus Lamontianus is diagnosed by the presence of a single preopercular-mandibular sensory canal pore in the dorsoposterior portion of the preopercle, and a color pattern consisting of evenly spaced, dark pigment bands or band-pairs with wavy, high-contrast (sharp) margins. Gymnotus (Lamontianus) anguillaris is recognized among the other species included in the subgenus by the following characters: color pattern with dark brown band pairs absent or heavily obscured above lateral line in anterior 60% of body vs. bands visible above lateral line over entire body in all other Lamontianus, short body cavity except compared to G. (L.) pedanopterus, PCV 37–38 vs. 31–32 in G. (L.) pedanopterus, 47–51 in G. (L.) cataniapo, 45 in G. (L.) tiquie (Craig et al. 2019)." 176004650,Chasmocranus brevior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Chasmocranus,brevior,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 176005037,Myoglanis aspredinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Myoglanis,aspredinoides,,,,,"DoNascimiento & Lundberg, 2005", 176011828,Pimelodella cruxenti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,cruxenti,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1950", 176011846,Pimelodella figueroai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,figueroai,,,,,"Dahl, 1961", 176011871,Pimelodella linami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,linami,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 176012437,Brachyhypopomus diazae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,diazae,,,,,"(Fernández-Yépez, 1972)","Brachyhypopomus diazae was described by Fernández-Yépez (1972) as Hypopomus diazi from Alpargatón River, a coastal drainage, Carabobo state, Venezuela. The holotype of B. diazae is only known from a black and white photo in Fernández-Yépez’s original description. Museum catalog numbers were not provided for the holotype and sole paratype listed in the description (Crampton et al. 2016). Despite the fact that the species was originally described from coastal drainage of central Venezuela, specimens of this species were identified in the Orinoco River basin, mostly in the Llanos region. Additionally, results show that B.diazae is more closely related with species of the Pacific slope of South America (Crampton et al. 2016, 2017). The appropriate identity of B. diazae populations in Venezuelan coastal and llanos regions needs to be corroborated.

Brachyhypopomus diazae is diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: bilateral columns at anal-fin terminus 4-5, vs. 3 in all congeners except B. belindae, B. janeiroensis, B. jureiae, B. occidentalis, and B. palenque, and vs. 6 columns in B. bennetti; pale stripe along middorsal region of body absent, precaudal vertebrae 16-19, vs. 20-26 in B. belindae and B. jureiae; dorsal rami of the recurrent branch of the anterior lateral line nerve not visible, vs. visible in B. janeiroensis; continuous or discontinuous dark vertical or diagonally oriented stripes or saddles present on body surface dorsal to lateral line, vs. mottled pattern with no stripes in B. palenque (and preopercular sensory canals incised in preopercle, vs. preopercular sensory canals independent of preopercle in B. palenque). Brachyhypopomus diazae exhibits similar pigmentation and overlapping counts and morphometric proportions with B. occidentalis. The two species can be distinguished by a more extensive network of depigmented and dark-margin epidermal canals in B. diazae (including in the anterior half of the body) than in B. occidentalis, and by the first branchiostegal ray distinctly narrower than the third branchiostegal ray, vs. the first branchiostegal ray is approximately as wide as the third in B. occidentalis (Crampton et al. 2017)" 49830555,Hypopomus artedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopomus,artedi,,,,,"(Kaup, 1856)",Hypopomus artedi can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: snout elongated (snout length 36-41% HL); two ossified basibranchial; 17-22 pectoral-fin rays; precaudal vertebrae 15-16; mesocoracoid bridge present; coracoid without a foramen (Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2014). 176012503,Hypopygus isbruckeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,isbruckeri,,,,,"de Santana & Crampton, 2011","Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2014) confirm that Hypopygus grouped with Hypopygus and Steatogenys, previously assigned to the family Hypopomidae, in the family Rhampichthyidae.

Hypopygus isbruckeri is diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: the total number of anal-fin rays, 136–156 vs. 102–135 in H. hoedemani, H. lepturus, and H. minissimus; presence of the sixth infraorbital bone vs. absence in H. hoedemani, H. lepturus, and H. minissimus; presence of oblique bands vs. absence in H. minissimus; presence of scales at midbody vs. absence in H. minissimus; total number of pectoral fin rays 12–16 vs. 10–12 in H. nijsseni; number of scales above the lateral line, seven to eight vs. five to six in H. nijsseni, and three to five in H. neblinae; head length, 13.2–22.9% of LEA vs. 12.6–13.9 in H. ortegai; and the dorsal rami of intermittent branch of anterior lateral line nerve visible as two black parallel lines vs. not visible in H. ortegai (de Santana and Crampton 2011)." 176012551,Hypopygus minissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Hypopygus,minissimus,,,,,"de Santana & Crampton, 2011","Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2014) confirm that Hypopygus grouped with Hypopygus and Steatogenys, previously assigned to the family Hypopomidae, in the family Rhampichthyidae.

Hypopygus minissimus is diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: the absence of oblique bands vs. presence in all congeners; the absence of scales at midbody vs. presence in all congeners; absence of the sixth infraorbital bone vs. presence in all congeners except H. hoedemani and H. lepturus; total number of anal-fin rays, 102–113 vs. 136–170 in all congeners except H. hoedemani and H. lepturus; and dorsal rami of the intermittent branch of the anterior lateral line nerve visible as two black parallel lines vs. not visible in H. ortegai (de Santana and Crampton 2011)." 176012794,Nannostomus bifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,bifasciatus,,,,,"Hoedeman, 1954", 176012820,Nannostomus espei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,espei,,,,,"(Meinken, 1956)", 49830642,Lebiasina erythrinoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,erythrinoides,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1850)", 176012942,Pyrrhulina filamentosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,filamentosa,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847", 176012955,Pyrrhulina lugubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,lugubris,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 176012967,Pyrrhulina stoli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Pyrrhulina,stoli,,,,,"Boeseman, 1953", 176012999,Acestridium colombiense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Acestridium,colombiense,,,,,"Retzer, 2005",When the species was described it was the first record of the genus Acestridium in Colombia (Retzer 2005). 176013011,Acestridium dichromum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Acestridium,dichromum,,,,,"Retzer, Nico & Provenzano, 1999", 176013131,Ancistrus leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,leucostictus,,,,,"(Günther, 1864)", 176014489,Chaetostoma dorsale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,dorsale,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1922", 176014540,Chaetostoma formosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,formosae,,,,,"Ballen, 2011", 176016109,Dentectus barbarmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dentectus,barbarmatus,,,,,"Martín Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1982", 176016194,Farlowella acus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,acus,,,,,"(Kner, 1853)", 176016356,Farlowella mariaelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,mariaelenae,,,,,"Martín Salazar, 1964", 49830553,Farlowella odontotumulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,odontotumulus,,,,,"Retzer & Page, 1997","Farlowella odontotumulus is a member of the F. nattereri group diagnosed by a uniquely derived characteristic, lack of distinct dark spots on spines and rays of dorsal, anal, and paired fins. Further distinguished from other species of Farlowella by the presence of knobs with odontodes on lateral plates, in breeding male, except F. isbruckeri (Retzer and Page 1997)." 176016421,Farlowella vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,vittata,,,,,"Myers, 1942", 176016646,Harttia merevari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,merevari,,,,,"Provenzano, Machado-Allison, Chernoff, Willink & Petry, 2005","Harttia merevari belongs into the group of species with the abdomen naked, and is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of external characters: two or three preanal plates, triangular, rectangular or square in shape; smaller plates, variable in number, arrangement and shape, present anterior to preanal plates, particularly in smaller specimens; broad triangular plate present anterior to each branchial opening; seven lateral (thoracic) plates between the pectoral and pelvic fins; maxillary barbells short, united to oral disk with fleshy flap; dorsal surface of head and anterior portion of body light or dark yellow with numerous black spots; dorsal and posterior portion of body light or dark yellow with five black transverse bands; anterior two bands with a diffused central portion; and caudal fin forked." 176017055,Hypoptopoma machadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypoptopoma,machadoi,,,,,"Aquino & Schaefer, 2010","Most records available in Venezuelan and US collections are outdated, and identified with the usual older name applied for the Orinoco subpopulations as Hypoptopoma steindachneri." 176017433,Lamontichthys llanero,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Lamontichthys,llanero,,,,,"Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984", 176020673,Loricariichthys brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricariichthys,brunneus,,,,,"(Hancock, 1828)", 176023454,Parotocinclus britskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,britskii,,,,,"Boeseman, 1974","Species of the genus Parotocinlus are of minute size and are widespread in cis-Andean region of South America, but concentrated in some habitats, mostly associated with the shields (Guyana and Brazilian). Parotocinclus bristkii belongs to a group of species from northern South America, usually recognized by rather pointed snout, colour pattern dominated by dark saddles, cheek canal plate elongated posteriorly on the ventral surface of head and contacting the cleithrum, with a Y-shaped light mark on the snout and head. Parotocinclus britskii can be diagnosed from its congeners by: 21-31 premaxillary and mandibular teeth, typically 24-25 (Boeseman 1974, Garavello 1977, Schmidt and Ferraris 1985, Garavello 1988, Schaefer 1988, Schaefer and Provenzano 1993, Lehmann et al. 2014, Lehmann et al. 2015, Roxo et al. 2016, Lehmann et al. 2018)." 176023627,Parotocinclus eppleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,eppleyi,,,,,"Schaefer & Provenzano, 1993", 176024841,Rineloricaria eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1908)", 169114,Anaciaeschna donaldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anaciaeschna,donaldi,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","Conniff et al. (2019) reviewed the taxonomic history of Anaciaeschna donaldi and concluded that A. donaldi is a junior synonym of A. martini. Additionally, the status of A. montivagans, once wrongly synonymised with A. martini, is now resurrected as a valid species (Conniff et al. 2019)." 176025776,Parodon apolinari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,apolinari,,,,,"Myers, 1930", 49829685,Parodon suborbitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Parodon,suborbitalis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850", 90668981,Anax rutherfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Anax,rutherfordi,,,,,"McLachlan, 1883","Anax rutherfordi was considered for a long time as a synonym to Anax speratus, which is widespread in eastern and southern Africa. Only recently this synonymy was remove (Dijkstra, Kipping, Mézière 2015)" 3179,Anaxyrus boreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,boreas,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)", 176026638,Megalonema orixanthum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Megalonema,orixanthum,,,,,"Lundberg & Dahdul, 2008", 44710000,Ancistrura nigrovittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Ancistrura,nigrovittata,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)", 176026887,Pimelodus garciabarrigai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Pimelodus,garciabarrigai,,,,,"Dahl, 1961", 19672459,Anischnansis burtti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Anischnansis,burtti,,,,,"(Uvarov, 1941)", 167397,Anisogomphus occipitalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anisogomphus,occipitalis,,,,,"(Selys, 1854)", 188946,Anisus iturupensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,PLANORBIDAE,Anisus,iturupensis,,,,,"Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997", 136168,Anodonthyla hutchisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,hutchisoni,,,,,"Fenolio, Walvoord, Stout, Randrianirina & Andreone, 2007", 190942,Anodonthyla jeanbai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,jeanbai,,,,,"Vences, Glaw, Köhler & Wollenberg, 2010",This species can only reliably be distinguished from Anodonthyla boulengerii with detailed morphological examination. It is therefore impossible to establish with certainty which historical records of A. boulengerii refer instead to this recently-diagnosed species (M. Vences pers. comm. December 2010). 190943,Anodonthyla theoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,theoi,,,,," Vences, Glaw, Köhler & Wollenberg, 2010", 176029650,Cephalosilurus apurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Cephalosilurus,apurensis,,,,,"(Mees, 1978)", 190944,Anodonthyla vallani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Anodonthyla,vallani,,,,,"Vences, Glaw, Köhler & Wollenberg, 2010","Anodonthyla vallani was recognised as a distinct species by Vences et al. (2010), having previously been confused with A. nigrigularis." 22685521,Anodorhynchus leari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Anodorhynchus,leari,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1856", 54472,Ansonia leptopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,leptopus,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)","A taxonomic review of this species is urgently required, since it almost certainly comprises more than one species [e.g. Ansonia latiffi, previously synonymized under A. leptopus, was recently described from Pahang, West Malaysia (Wood et al. 2008)]." 176031809,Microglanis iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,iheringi,,,,,"Gomes, 1946", 176031907,Gymnorhamphichthys bogardusae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE,Gymnorhamphichthys,bogardusae,,,,,"Lundberg, 2005", 176032082,Rhamphichthys apurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,RHAMPHICHTHYIDAE,Rhamphichthys,apurensis,,,,,"(Fernández-Yépez, 1968)", 54464,Ansonia albomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,albomaculata,,,,,"Inger, 1960", 176032598,Austrofundulus transilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Austrofundulus,transilis,,,,,"Myers, 1932", 54473,Ansonia longidigita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,longidigita,,,,,"Inger, 1960", 176033139,Gnatholebias zonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Gnatholebias,zonatus,,,,,"(Myers, 1935)", 53846612,Laimosemion altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,altivelis,,,,,"(Huber, 1992)", 54475,Ansonia mcgregori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,mcgregori,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)", 78901981,Ansonia vidua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,vidua,,,,,"Hertwig, Min, Haas & Das, 2014", 176033878,Rachovia maculipinnis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Rachovia,maculipinnis,,,,,"(Radda, 1964)", 176034415,Renova oscari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Renova,oscari,,,,,"Thomerson & Taphorn, 1995", 159861,Anthene fulvus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Anthene,fulvus,,,,,"Stempffer, 1962","Anthene fulvus has no recent synonyms. It was previously placed within the genus Neurellipes (T. Larsen pers. comm. 2009). There are no subspecies currently recognised." 176034772,Terranatos dolichopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Terranatos,dolichopterus,,,,,"(Weitzman & Wourms, 1967)", 49829903,Metynnis argenteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Metynnis,argenteus,,,,,"Ahl, 1923", 176034886,Metynnis orinocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Metynnis,orinocensis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1908)", 176035869,Pristobrycon careospinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Pristobrycon,careospinus,,,,,"Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992", 154809350,Anthocephala berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Anthocephala,berlepschi,,,,,"Salvin, 1893","Blossomcrown Anthocephala floriceps has been split into Santa Marta Blossomcrown and Tolima Blossomcrown A. berlepschi following the finding of reciprocal monophyly between the two (Loranzo-Jaramillo et al. 2014), supported by subsequent assessment of morphological differences in museum specimens, albeit with a sample size of only three for A. (f.) floriceps." 160545,Aphnaeus coronae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Aphnaeus,coronae,,,,,"Talbot, 1935","This species consists of two subspecies, the nominate and ssp. littoralis. Subspecies littoralis is better known than the nominate subspecies, but is also thought to be much less common than the nominate subspecies." 167469,Archineura hetaerinoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Archineura,hetaerinoides,,,,,"(Fraser, 1933)", 167424,Archineura maxima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Archineura,maxima,,,,,"(Martin, 1904)",

This species was described from a single female. A male has never been found.

19672464,Aresceutica morogorica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Aresceutica,morogorica,,,,,"Dirsh, 1954", 19672467,Aresceutica subnuda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Aresceutica,subnuda,,,,,"Karsch, 1896", 176038426,Serrasalmus altuvei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,altuvei,,,,,"Ramírez, 1965", 156751,Argna bielzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARGNIDAE,Argna,bielzi,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1859)","Fauna Europaea list three subspecies: Argna bielzi bielzi (Rossmassler 1859), Argna bielzi euodon (Westerlund 1887) and Argna bielzi romanica (M. von Kimakowicz 1890).


" 176038538,Serrasalmus irritans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,irritans,,,,,"Peters, 1877", 176038795,Serrasalmus medinai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,medinai,,,,,"Ramírez, 1965", 170989,Arion circumscriptus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,circumscriptus,,,,,"Johnston, 1828","This species is readily confused with the closely related A. silvaticus Lohmander, 1937 and there are arguments for considering them both part of the same species (Geenen et al. 2006, Rowson et al. 2014). However, most works (e.g. Welter-Schultes 2012) treat them separately." 75779251,Arion transsylvanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ARIONIDAE,Arion,transsylvanus,,,,,"Simroth, 1885","

This species have been thought to be the synonym of Arion subfuscus, and some recent authors (e.g. Welter-Schultes 2012) also do not recognize it as a distinct species. Jordaens et al. (2010) however, redescribed this species based on morphological and molecular evidence.

" 176039900,Rhabdolichops zareti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Rhabdolichops,zareti,,,,,"Lundberg & Mago-Leccia, 1986", 176041665,Pygidianops cuao,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Pygidianops,cuao,,,,,"Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin, 2005","This species is distinguished from congeners by the presence of diminutive eyes vs. eyes absent, except P. ampioxus. Further distinguished from P. ampioxus by the caudal fin well differentiated from the body vs. caudal fin continuous with the body profile (dorsal and ventral). It is recognized from P. ampioxus and P. magoi by the presence of anal fin vs. anal fin absent. It is also recognized from P. magoi by the presence of six laterosensory pores on head vs. four pores, presence of pectoral fin vs. pectoral fin absent, presence of 12–13 caudal fin rays associated with the caudal plate vs. 9–10 rays (Schaefer et al. 2005, de Pinna and Kirovsky 2011)." 176041926,Pygidianops magoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Pygidianops,magoi,,,,,"Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin, 2005","It is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of pectoral- fin vs. pectoral- fin present. It is further distinguished by the absence of eyes vs. eyes present, except P. eigenmanni (Schaefer et al. 2005, de Pinna and Kirovsky 2011)." 54397,Arthroleptis aureoli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,aureoli,,,,,"(Schiøtz, 1964)","Blackburn (2008) stated that its molecular data indicates this species is actually Arthroleptis aureoli and it was reported as a direct developer, which confirms it as belonging to the genus Arthroleptis (M.-O. Rodel pers. comm. June 2012).
" 175359,Arthroleptis fichika,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,fichika,,,,,"Blackburn, 2009", 15745196,Arthroleptis formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,formosus,,,,,"Rödel, Kouamé, Doumbia & Sandberger, 2011", 175360,Arthroleptis kidogo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,kidogo,,,,,"Blackburn, 2009", 176285,Arthroleptis nguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,nguruensis,,,,,"Poynton, Menegon & Loader, 2008", 190982,Arthroleptis perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,perreti,,,,,"Blackburn, Gonwouo, Ernst & Rödel, 2009","This species was treated as belonging to Arthroleptis adolfifriederici prior to its formal description (Perret, 1966; Amiet, 1975). Confusion may also have occurred with A. variabilis (Blackburn et al. 2009)." 54391,Arthroleptis variabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,variabilis,,,,,"Matschie, 1893","In West Africa, at least two species are included under this name (M.-O. Rödel pers. comm.). It is very likely that all subpopulations in western African, from Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Ghana, are distinct from those in central Africa and will be described as new species or assigned to other species in the future (Rödel and Bangoura 2004, Ernst et al. 2008, Blackburn et al. 2009).

It is also thought that all records of this species west of Nigeria are misidentifications (Rödel et al. 2009)." 176044826,Typhlobelus guacamaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Typhlobelus,guacamaya,,,,,"Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin, 2005","Typhlobelus guacamaya is distinguished from all congeners by the presence of three branchiostegal rays vs. four in T. ternetzi, T. lundbergi and T. auriculatus, and five in T. macromycterus. It is further distinguished from T. ternetzi, T. macromycterus and T. auriculatus by the absence of eyes vs. eyes present, vestigial, except in T. lundbergi. It is also distinguished from T. lundbergi by the presence of three laterosensory canal pores vs. four laterosensory canal pores (Schaefer et al. 2005, de Pinna and Zuanon 2013)." 176044879,Typhlobelus lundbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Typhlobelus,lundbergi,,,,,"Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin, 2005","Typhlobelus lundbergi is distinguished from all congeners by the vestigial eye being absent versus present, except in T. guacamaya. It is further distinguished from T. guacamaya by the presence four or five branchiostegal rays and four laterosensory pores vs. three branchiostegal rays and three laterosensory pores on the head (Schaefer et al. 2005, de Pinna and Zuanon 2013).
" 73343869,Arthroleptis xenodactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Arthroleptis,xenodactylus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1909","There are major taxonomic problems with the genus Arthroleptis through much of Africa. Given taxonomic uncertainties, individuals collected outside of the East Usambaras are not referrable to Arthroleptis xenodactylus (J. Poynton and S. Loader pers. comm. June 2012), but to the more widespread species A. xenodactyloides or currently undescribed species." 176045266,Triportheus orinocensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,TRIPORTHEIDAE,Triportheus,orinocensis,,,,,"Malabarba, 2004", 20659675,Arytropteris basalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Arytropteris,basalis,,,,,"(Walker, 1869)", 20659685,Arytropteris pondo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Arytropteris,pondo,,,,,"Rentz, 1988", 62183,Asiagomphus amamiensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Asiagomphus,amamiensis,,,,,"(Asahina, 1962)",Two subspecies are known: Asiagomphus amamiensis amamiensis (Amami islands) and A. amamiensis okinawanus (Okinawajima island)(Ozono et al 2012). 16577694,Astylosternus laticephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Astylosternus,laticephalus,,,,,"Rödel, Hillers, Leaché, Kouamé, Ofori-Boateng, Diaz & Sandberger, 2012",The sister taxon of Astylosternus occidentalis and confused with that species prior to its naming according to the original publication (Frost 2014). 21567301,Atelopus loettersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,loettersi,,,,,"De la Riva, Castroviejo-Fisher, Chaparro, Boistel & Padial, 2011", 138026,Ateuchus squalidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ateuchus,squalidus,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1775)","Ateuchus is a diverse genus, with approximately 70 species, distributed from the United States to Argentina and Lesser Antilles. The diversity of the group is also accompanied by various taxonomic and nomenclatural problems. In addition, the need for taxonomic revisions makes the accuracy of identification of most South American species an extremely difficult task. The genus still presents a considerable number of species to describe." 171057,Atlantica putrescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,DISCIDAE,Atlantica,putrescens,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1861)", 203437,Atractus hostilitractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,hostilitractus,,,,,"Myers, 2003", 167453,Atrocalopteryx atrocyana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Atrocalopteryx,atrocyana,,,,,"(Fraser, 1935)",This species was transferred by Wilson and Xu (2007) to the genus Atrocalopteryx. 121974912,Atrophaneura semperi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Atrophaneura,semperi,,,,,"(Felder & Felder, 1861)","This species has nine subspecies, distributed around the Philippines: subspecies semperi; subspecies albofasciata; subspecies aphthonia; subspecies baglantis; subspecies imogene; subspecies lizae; subspecies melanotus; subspecies sorgosona; subspecies supernotatus; and subspecies justini (Treadaway 1995, Page and Treadaway 2004)." 19672472,Aulacobothrus popovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Aulacobothrus,popovi,,,,,"Jago, 1996", 14255731,Austroaeschna hardyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Austroaeschna,hardyi,,,,,"Tillyard, 1917", 20644114,Austrodontura castletoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Austrodontura,castletoni,,,,,"Naskrecki & Bazelet, 2011", 195519,Ba humbugi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Ba,humbugi,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 168334,Badis assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,assamensis,,,,,"Ahl, 1937",


168340,Badis kanabos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BADIDAE,Badis,kanabos,,,,,"Kullander & Britz, 2002","


" 160532,Baliochila lequeuxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Baliochila,lequeuxi,,,,,"Kielland, 1994", 166551,Bangana almorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Bangana,almorae,,,,,"(Chaudhuri, 1912)","Chaudhuri (1912) described Labeo almorae from Almorha District, western Himalaya, Uttar Pradesh, northern India. The species is under genus Bangana (Doi 1997)." 2593,Barkudia insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Barkudia,insularis,,,,,"Annandale, 1917","Barkudia insularis was described by Annandale in 1917 based on a single specimen collected from Barkuda Island, Chilka Lake, Orissa (Smith 1935, Das 1999)." 2644,Batrachoides manglae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Batrachoides,manglae,,,,,"Cervigón, 1964", 167170,Bayadera bidentata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Bayadera,bidentata,,,,,"Needham, 1930","This species were described by Needham (1930) with type locality is ""Cheking"", China. It is closely related to B. kirbyi Wilson & Reels (2001) from Hainan province, China, but it is can be easy separated to these two species by the wings in bidentata hyaline, dark wings tip in kirbyi. In addition, the nodus in kirbyi is located much closer to the wing center than is the case with bidentata; and inter alia, the inner, upper halves of the mid and hind femora are coloured creamy white, whereas the legs of kirbyi are entirely black." 160674,Bebearia ikelemba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bebearia,ikelemba,,,,,"(Aurivillius, 1901)","This species contains two subspecies: B. i. ikelemba and B. i. kamituga." 159978,Bebearia maledicta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bebearia,maledicta,,,,,"(Strand, 1912)", 160306,Bebearia phantasiella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Bebearia,phantasiella,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1891)","The two subspecies B. p. phantasiella and B. phantasiella simulata have been proposed but simulata is highly likely to be another species. It has not been possible to examine this taxon, but a search for B. phantasiella revealed no material from east of Cameroon and so in all likelihood simulata pertains to another species." 176086734,Leporinus arimaspi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,arimaspi,,,,,"Burns, Frable & Sidlauskas, 2014","This species can be separated from congeners by the combination of an extremely dorsoventrally slender body, the presence of a prominent midlateral spot positioned ventral to the dorsal fin, and the absence of any other intense dark pigmentation (Burns et al. 2014)." 176086834,Leporinus enyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,enyae,,,,,"Burns, Chatfield, Birindelli & Sidlauskas, 2017", 176087156,Apteronotus baniwa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,baniwa,,,,,"de Santana & Vari, 2013","Apteronotus baniwa belongs to the Apteronotus leptorhychus group and is distinguished from A. anu by the fifth infraorbital, present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment vs absent; the number of caudal-fin rays, 14–17 vs 10–13; lateral ethmoid ossified vs cartilaginous, and the number of precaudal vertebrae, 16–17 vs 18–19. Apteronotus baniwa is differentiated from A. ferrarisi by the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, seven to eight vs 10–13; the number of scales along the lateral line, 61–70 vs 73–80; the mouth length, 36.6–47.2% of HL vs 49.4–56.4%; the tail length, 13.3–24.2% of LEA vs 6.9–9.9% and the tail depth, 8.2–15.3% of CL vs 22.2–28.7%. Apteronotus baniwa differs from A. galvisi in the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, seven to eight vs 11–12. Apteronotus baniwa is distinguished from A. leptorhynchus by the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, seven to eight vs 12–13; the number of scales along the lateral line, 61–70 vs 78–82; the number of pectoral-fin rays, 14–16 vs 17–18; the number of precaudal vertebrae, 16–17 vs 18 and the number of total vertebrae, 68–77 vs 78–81. Apteronotus baniwa is differentiated from A. macrostomus by the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, seven to eight vs 11–14; the number of caudal-fin rays, 14–17 vs 18–21 and the number of precaudal vertebrae, 16–17 vs 18. Apteronotus baniwa differs from A. pemon in the number of scales above the lateral line at the midbody, seven to eight vs nine to ten; the number of scales along the lateral line, 61–70 vs 74–83; the number of caudal-fin rays, 14–17 vs 18–20 and the number of precaudal vertebrae, 16–17 vs 18–19. Apteronotus baniwa is distinguished from A. rostratus by the condition of the fifth infraorbital, absent vs present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment; the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous; the number of precaudal vertebrae,16–17 vs 18–19 and the tail length, 13.3–24.3% of LEA vs 10.6–12.4%. Apteronotus baniwa is differentiated from A. spurrellii by the condition of the fifth infraorbital, absent vs present as a tubular laterosensory canal segment; the condition of the lateral ethmoid, ossified vs cartilaginous and the number of scales along the lateral line, 61–70 vs 73–76 (de Santana and Vari 2013)." 2719,Bedotia geayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,geayi,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1907", 2720,Bedotia longianalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Bedotia,longianalis,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1914",Eschmeyer (2004) lists this as valid following Sparks 2001 (the most recent study). Sparks and Smith (2004) presents a phylogeny indicating that this is a distinct species but as there is noted spatial intraspecific variation it is possible there may be more than one species present. 176087751,Sternarchella orinoco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Sternarchella,orinoco,,,,,"Mago-Leccia, 1994","Sternarchella orinoco is described by Mago-Leccia (1994) from Venezuela, Delta Amacuro state, Orinoco River, at the delta, between km 153 and 152 in front of Iguana island. The species can be diagnosed from all congeners by possession of a sub-terminal mouth vs. terminal or superior in S. calhamazon, S. duccis, S. orinoco, S. orthos, S. raptor, S. rex, and S. schotti, shared with S. sima; the possession of a small interorbital distance, 17-21% HL vs. 19-25% HL in S. sima, shared with S. calhamazon and S. patriciae; and the presence of a long tail, CPL length more than HL vs. 23-93% HL in all other Sternarchella species (Evans et al. 2017)." 159806,Belenois raffrayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Belenois,raffrayi,,,,,"Oberthür, 1878","The nominate subspecies of this butterfly was described from Ethiopia and Sudan. Two additional subspecies are recognized from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda (ssp. extendens) and another from western Tanzania (ssp. similis).

 

" 199759,Blaesodactylus ambonihazo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Blaesodactylus,ambonihazo,,,,,"Bauer, Glaw, Gehring & Vences, 2011","This species was previously included within Blaesodactylus antongilensis. Recent phylogenies of the genus (Greenbaum et al. 2007, Bauer et al. 2011) confirm that the Ankarafantsika form represents a distinct species. This is consistent with long-recognized morphological differences from typical B. antongilensis (e.g. Henkel & Schmidt 1991, Glaw & Vences 1992), and Bauer et al. (2011) formally described this species. Further research is needed to clarify the distribution of this gecko outside Ankarafantsika, and to establish the specific identity of locality records presently assigned to B. boivini to the north and/or B. sakalava to the south." 176088362,Ageneiosus intrusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Ageneiosus,intrusus,,,,,"Ribeiro, Rapp Py-Daniel & Walsh, 2017","The specimens collected for the Orinoco (ANSP 160177, 160243), are classified as non-type material, since they differ by presenting a more elongated premaxilla, however, the other morphometric and meristic characteristics coincide with the populations of the Amazon and Guyana (Ribeiro et al. 2017)." 176088471,Ageneiosus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Ageneiosus,lineatus,,,,,"Ribeiro, Rapp Py-Daniel & Walsh, 2017","The species was misidentified in its Orinoco distribution as A. ucayalensis. Records from Guyana identified as A. ucayalensis could be this species, but their identity is unconfirmed. Also, this species is well-represented in scientific collections, but has commonly been misidentified as A. vittatus (Ribeiro et al. 2017)." 86466824,Boophis boppa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,boppa,,,,,"Hutter, Lambert, Cobb, Andriampenomanana & Vences, 2015", 57422,Boophis pyrrhus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Boophis,pyrrhus,,,,,"Glaw, Vences, Andreone & Vallan, 2001","The name Boophis difficilis was previously used incorrectly for this species, B. difficilis in fact being a synonym of B. tephraeomystax (Glaw et al. 2001)." 176088929,Auchenipterus dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterus,dentatus,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1840", 125769435,Bornargiolestes fuscus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Bornargiolestes,fuscus,,,,,"Dow, 2014","

The type series of Bornargiolestes fuscus comes from Gunung Mulu and Lambir Hills in Sarawak and Ulu Temburong National Park in Brunei; when Dow (2014) described the species, structurally similar female specimens from the upper Baram, Mount Dulit and the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary were included but excluded from the type series because of differences in colouration. It is possible that the females from the aforementioned locations belong to another species. For purposes of assessment only the populations from Gunung Mulu, Lambir Hills and Ulu Temburong are treated as certainly belonging to this species.

" 163824,Bornargiolestes nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Bornargiolestes,nigra,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936","The female of Bornargiolestes nigra is not known, although it is conceivable, but unlikely, that females treated as B. fuscus Dow, 2014 but excluded from the type series of that species (Dow 2014) are really those of B. nigra; the reader is referred to the assessment of B. fuscus and Dow (2014) for further discussion of these females." 125769523,Bornargiolestes reelsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Bornargiolestes,reelsi,,,,,"Dow, 2014", 168483,Botia almorhae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,almorhae,,,,,"Gray, 1831",

Botia almorhae is commonly called the Yoyo Loach due to its bands which spell 'yo yo'.

166538,Botia histrionica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,BOTIIDAE,Botia,histrionica,,,,,"Blyth, 1860", 176090468,Corydoras guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CALLICHTHYIDAE,Corydoras,guianensis,,,,,"Nijssen, 1970", 163721,Brachydiplax farinosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachydiplax,farinosa,,,,,"Krüger, 1902", 176090645,Cetopsis varii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,varii,,,,,"Abrahão & de Pinna, 2018", 176090885,Astyanax metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,metae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1914", 163823,Brachygonia ophelia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Brachygonia,ophelia,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 176090962,Astyanax superbus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,superbus,,,,,"Myers, 1942", 176091316,Chrysobrycon guahibo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Chrysobrycon,guahibo,,,,,"Vanegas-Ríos, Urbano-Bonilla & Azpelicueta, 2015", 176091773,Hemibrycon guejarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemibrycon,guejarensis,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn, 2018", 167784,Brachyrhamdia imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Brachyrhamdia,imitator,,,,,"Myers, 1927", 176092015,Hemigrammus iota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,iota,,,,,"Durbin, 1909","Identification of Hemigrammus species is usually difficult, given there small size and overall similarities among many species. As a result, many museum specimens are misidentified or left as ""sp""." 176092119,Hemigrammus rubrostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,rubrostriatus,,,,,"Zarske, 2015","This species was described from aquarium specimens, and the supposed type locality was the border area between Colombia and Venezuela, which is vast." 176092140,Hyphessobrycon fernandezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,fernandezi,,,,,"Fernández-Yépez, 1972", 176092233,Hyphessobrycon klausanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,klausanni,,,,,"García-Alzate, Urbano-Bonilla & Taphorn, 2017", 176092299,Hyphessobrycon minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,minor,,,,,"Durbin, 1909", 176092383,Hyphessobrycon rheophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,rheophilus,,,,,"Ohara, Teixeira, Albornoz-Garzón, Mirande & Lima, 2019", 42687009,Brookesia micra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,micra,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler, Townsend & Vences, 2012", 3083,Brookesia perarmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,perarmata,,,,,"(Angel, 1933)", 176093031,Moenkhausia surinamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,surinamensis,,,,,"Géry, 1965", 172944,Brookesia thieli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Brookesia,thieli,,,,,"Brygoo & Domergue, 1969","Brookesia antoetrae is treated as a synonym of B. thieli but additional study is needed on the taxonomy of these taxa (Glaw and Vences 2007)" 176095651,Phenacogaster carteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,carteri,,,,,"(Norman, 1934)","Species identification of Phenacogaster is difficult. Available keys are not reliable. Most museum specimens have not been correctly identified, thus complicating analysis of the geographic range." 176102916,Pristella ariporo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Pristella,ariporo,,,,,"Conde-Saldaña, Albornoz-Garzón, García-Melo, Villa-Navarro, Mirande & Lima, 2019","This species was described from an inland location in the Meta River drainage (Orinoco Basin). We suspect that most Orinoco inland records would be this species, but just where this species occurs and where the very similar coastal species, P. maxillaris occurs has yet to be determined." 188883,Brotia pageli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Brotia,pageli,,,,,"(Thiele, 1908)","This species is currently under taxonomic review, and is suspected to be a combination of many species (F. Köhler pers.comm 2010)." 176103249,Serrapinnus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,gracilis,,,,,"(Géry, 1960)","This species was described in Cheirodon, and later identified as Odontostilbe, and only recently placed tentatively in Serrapinnis. Museum records may therefore have it listed under one of those names. Because of the changes, and the difficulty with its correct identification, its true range is unknown. In French Guiana this species occurs in the interior and is replaced in coastal habitats by Serrapinnus littoris (P.-Y. Le Bail pers. comm. 2020)" 167690,Brycon posadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,posadae,,,,,"Fowler, 1945","Transandean Brycon species need a taxonomical revision. Also, much of the Colombian Pacific versant (mountain slope) is inaccessible for Colombian ichthyologists, so little is known about the fish fauna inhabiting the area." 190987,Bufo eichwaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,eichwaldi,,,,,"Litvinchuk, Borkin, Skorinov & Rosanov, 2008","This species was previously considered as belonging to an indeterminate subspecies of Bufo verrucosissimus (Litvinchuk et al. 2008). Historical records in Iran assigned to Bufo bufo may also represent this species (Litvinchuk et al. 2008). Iranian records are included in this assessment on the basis that their affinities are uncertain, but probably don't represent true Bufo bufo (Litvinchuk et al. 2008)." 170954,Bulgarica rugicollis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Bulgarica,rugicollis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 167430,Burmargiolestes melanothorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Burmargiolestes,melanothorax,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)", 176104930,Tyttocharax metae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tyttocharax,metae,,,,,"Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn, 2012", 176105049,Aequidens superomaculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,superomaculatum,,,,,"Hernández-Acevedo, Machado-Allison & Lasso, 2015", 19672480,Burttia sylvatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Burttia,sylvatica,,,,,"Dirsh, 1951", 176105326,Apistogramma intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,intermedia,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 121971897,Byasa crassipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,crassipes,,,,,"(Oberthür, 1893)","This species was considered part of the latreillei species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (Hancock 1988). However, the subgenus Byasa has been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and this treatment has been followed here." 176105414,Apistogramma lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,lineata,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 176105888,Apistogramma minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,minima,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 121972089,Byasa impediens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,impediens,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1895)","This species was previously considered part of the genus Atrophaneura (Hancock 1988). Subgenus Byasa has since been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this treatment here.

Racheli and Cotton (2010) list two subspecies, impediens and febanus. Subspecies Byasa impediens febanus is sometimes acknowledged as a separate species by some authors." 176106482,Apistogramma nororientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,nororientalis,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 176106730,Apistogramma piaroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,piaroa,,,,,"Mesa S. & Lasso, 2011", 121972215,Byasa laos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Byasa,laos,,,,,"(Riley & Godfrey, 1921)","This species was considered part of the latreillei species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs across Southeast Asia and Japan (Hancock 1988). However, since then, the subgenus Byasa has since been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; LepIndex; Racheli and Cotton 2010), and we follow this here." 176106989,Apistogramma psammophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Apistogramma,psammophila,,,,,"Staeck & Schindler, 2019", 176108027,Trachydoras gepharti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,DORADIDAE,Trachydoras,gepharti,,,,,"Sabaj Pérez & Arce H., 2017", 176108239,Pimelodella macturki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,macturki,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 176108258,Brachyhypopomus provenzanoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,provenzanoi,,,,,"Crampton, de Santana, Waddell & Lovejoy, 2017","The genus Brachyhypopomus was revised by Crampton et al. (2016, 2017). They described 15 new species, one of which is B. provenzanoi. Brachyhypopomus provenzanoi is diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: scales absent in middorsal region of anterior third of body vs. present in all congeners except B. benjamini; dorsal surface of body with irregular pattern of distinct dark blotches on depigmented tan-colored background, vs. speckled with small brown chromatophores on light brown background in B. benjamini." 176108295,Brachyhypopomus regani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,regani,,,,,"Crampton, de Santana, Waddell & Lovejoy, 2017","The genus Brachyhypopomus was revised by Crampton et al. (2016, 2017). They described 15 new species, one of which is B. regani. Brachyhypopomus regani is diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: accessory electric organ over opercular region present, vs. absent in all congeners except B. bombilla, and B. menezesi; dorsal surface with large dark blotches against a lighter background, vs. dorsal surface speckled with small brown chromatophores on a pale background in B. bombilla; caudal filament length 11.1-17.9%, vs. 24.-33.3% LEA in B. menezesi." 176108317,Brachyhypopomus sullivani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,sullivani,,,,,"Crampton, de Santana, Waddell & Lovejoy, 2017","The genus Brachyhypopomus was revised by Crampton et al. (2016, 2017). They described 15 new species, one of which is B. sullivani. Brachyhypopomus sullivani is diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of characters: precaudal vertebrae 15-18, vs. 19-26 in B. alberti, B. arrayae, B. beebei, B. belindae, B. draco, B. hamiltoni, B. janeiroensis, B. jureiae, B. palenque, and B. verdii; anal-fin rays 143-185, vs. 190-293 in B. bennetti, B. brevirostris, B. bullocki, B. diazi, B. hendersoni, B. occidentalis, and B. walteri; scales present in middorsal region, vs. absent in B. benjamini and B. provenzanoi; accessory electric organ over the opercular region absent, vs. present in B. bombilla, B. menezesi, and B. regani; head depth at eye 38.5-47.6% HL, vs. 47.8-59.9% in B. cunia, B. gauderio, and B. pinnicaudatus; presence of scattered conspicuous black or charcoal flecks on flank, vs. absence in B. batesi and B. flavipomus." 49830090,Piabucus dentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Piabucus,dentatus,,,,,"(Koelreuter, 1763)", 49830644,Nannostomus harrisoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,harrisoni,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)", 176108574,Nannostomus nigrotaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,nigrotaeniatus,,,,,"Zarske, 2013", 191950,Calamaria crassa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,crassa,,,,,"Lidthe de Jeude, 1922","

No taxonomic issues.




" 176109328,Chaetostoma joropo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,joropo,,,,,"Ballen, Urbano-Bonilla & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2016", 192008,Calamaria everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,everetti,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893", 192030,Calamaria forcarti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,forcarti,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965","
" 176109711,Dolichancistrus cobrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dolichancistrus,cobrensis,,,,,"(Schultz, 1944)", 191944,Calamaria griswoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,griswoldi,,,,,"Loveridge, 1938", 49829623,Dolichancistrus fuesslii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Dolichancistrus,fuesslii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1911)", 192164,Calamaria melanota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,melanota,,,,,"Jan, 1862",


176110194,Farlowella mitoupibo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,mitoupibo,,,,,"Ballen, Urbano-Bonilla & Zamudio, 2016", 176628,Calamaria modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,modesta,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854", 192239,Calamaria rebentischi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,rebentischi,,,,,"Bleeker, 1860",

No taxonomy issues.

192218,Calamaria sumatrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,sumatrana,,,,,"Edeling, 1870",No taxonomic issues. 139121999,Vestalis submontana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,submontana,,,,,"Fraser, 1934","

The taxonomic history of this species is summarised by Hämäläinen (2011), who raised it to full species status.

" 167356,Calicnemia miniata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,miniata,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 169139,Calicnemia nipalica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,nipalica,,,,,"Kimmins, 1958", 176112318,Limatulichthys nasarcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Limatulichthys,nasarcus,,,,,"Londoño-Burbano, Lefebvre & Lujan, 2014","Limatulichthys nasarcus can be diagnosed from L. griseus by having: anterior abdominal plates half the size of those at center of abdomen (vs. plates similar in size); spots across the entire dorsum, including snout and head, less than half of diameter of naris (vs. indistinct spots larger or equal than diameter of naris); dark well-defined spots on lateral portions of head and opercle, larger than those on dorsum (vs. spots on lateral portions of head and opercle equal in size to those on remainder of body); profile of snout in dorsal view broadly rounded (vs. acutely triangular); head longer (21.4–24.2 SL vs. 17.7–21.0%); and longer anal fin (15.7–18.0 SL vs. 13.7–15.6%) (Londoño-Burbano et al. 2014)." 176112623,Pseudohemiodon unillano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudohemiodon,unillano,,,,,"Rojas-Molina, Provenzano & Ramírez-Gil, 2019", 176113196,Spatuloricaria terracanticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Spatuloricaria,terracanticum,,,,,"Londoño-Burbano, Urbano-Bonilla, Rojas-Molina, Ramírez-Gil & Prada-Pedreros, 2018", 176113246,Hypophthalmus oremaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PIMELODIDAE,Hypophthalmus,oremaculatus,,,,,"Nani & Fuster de Plaza, 1947", 176113509,Rhyacoglanis annulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Rhyacoglanis,annulatus,,,,,"Shibatta & Vari, 2017", 167398,Calicnemia pulverulans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,pulverulans,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 169156,Calicnemia sudhaae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Calicnemia,sudhaae,,,,,"Mitra, 1994","Calicnemis sudhaae species resembles C. pulverulans, but can be distinguished from the latter by small hind wing and black labium. Though the existence of this species was reported in 1994 (Mitra 1994), full description of the species was published in 2002 (Mitra 2002). This species needs to be re-examined, it may merely be a form of C. pulverulans." 47173809,Callidium cedri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Callidium,cedri,,,,,"Peyerimhoff, 1918", 193429,Callulina stanleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BREVICIPITIDAE,Callulina,stanleyi,,,,,"Loader, Gower, Ngalason & Menegon, 2010","This species was previously included within Callulina kreffti, formerly considered to be a monotypic species widespread throughout the Eastern Arc Mountains. (Loader et al. 2010)." 172821,Calumma marojezense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,marojezense,,,,,"(Brygoo, Blanc & Domergue, 1970)",The taxonomy of Calumma marojezense is in need of revision. 42689609,Calumma vohibola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Calumma,vohibola,,,,,"Gehring, Ratsoavina, Vences & Glaw, 2011","This species is part of the C. nasutum/fallax complex, and there are other populations which have not yet been assigned, and might yet be referable to vohibola (Gehring et  al. 2011)" 3687,Cambarus veteranus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,veteranus,,,,,"Faxon, 1914", 3736,Canariella leprosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,leprosa,,,,,"Shuttleworth, 1852", 3737,Canariella pthonera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CANARIELLIDAE,Canariella,pthonera,,,,,"(J. Mabille, 1883)", 176119895,Mylossoma albiscopum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Mylossoma,albiscopum,,,,,"(Cope, 1872)",This species is misidentified in most collections as M. duriventre or M. duriventris. 89186648,Cardioglossa annulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,annulata,,,,,"Hirschfeld, Blackburn, Burger, Zassi-Boulou, & Rödel, 2015", 176121264,Eigenmannia oradens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,oradens,,,,,"Dutra, Peixoto, de Santana & Wosiacki, 2018","Several species of Eigenmannia have a similar external morphology. For the Orinoco River basin, four species were recognized: E. limbata, E. macrops, E. nigra and E. ""virescens"" group (Mago-Leccia 1978, Mago-Leccia 1994, Albert 2001, Albert 2003). Currently, it is considered that E. virescens is not present in the Orinoco River basin, and a couple of new species have been described, E. sayona and E. oradens (Peixoto and Waltz 2017, Dutra et al. 2018).

Eigenmannia oradens does not belong to the E. trilineata group, and lacks the superior midlateral dark stripe on flanks, and differs from all congeners by presence of bony dorsolateral flange of dentary which also anchors numerous teeth along its extension vs. dorsolateral flange absent and teeth are attached only in dentary rim, and first premaxillary teeth row mobile, teeth attached to anteroventral margin of premaxilla vs. first premaxillary teeth row immobile, teeth completely attached to ventral surface of premaxilla (Dutra et al. 2018)." 89186670,Cardioglossa congolia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Cardioglossa,congolia,,,,,"Hirschfeld, Blackburn, Greenbaum & Rödel, 2015","There is a specimen that has been collected in central Democratic Republic of the Congo, which has been assigned to Cardioglossa gratiosa, that possibly belongs to this species (Hirschfeld et al. 2015). However, it is far from this species' type locality (>850 km) and there is currently a lack of genetic data to verify this (Hirschfeld et al. 2015)." 176122540,Eigenmannia sayona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Eigenmannia,sayona,,,,,"Peixoto & Waltz, 2017","The species of Eigenmannia have a similar external morphology. For the Orinoco River basin, four species were recognized: E. limbata, E. macrops, E. nigra and E. ""virescens"" group (Mago-Leccia 1978, Mago-Leccia 1994, Albert 2001, Albert 2003). Apparently, Eigenmannia sayona may be the appropriate species name for the specimens previously identified as E. ""virescens"" group. Peixoto and Waltz (2017) points that ""Mago-Leccia (1978) mentions two or three longitudinal stripes associated with and near the lateral line in specimens identified by him as E. virescens; however, this information does not correspond to Valenciennes (1836; plate xiii), which includes a drawing of a specimen without longitudinal stripes on body surface"". Thus, it is considered that E. virescens is not present in the Orinoco River basin.

Eigenmannia sayona belongs to the E. trilineata group and is recognized from congeners by the ossification of the first basibranchial vs. unossified. Further distinguished by the unique dentition pattern of the premaxilla, 17 teeth distributed in three irregular rows vs. different number of teeth and rows in the remaining species except from E. correntens. The new species can be differentiated from E. besouro, E. correntes, E. desantanai, E. guairaca, E. matintapereira, E. microstoma, E. trilineata, E. vicentespelaea, and E. waiwai by the dentition pattern of the dentary, with teeth increasing abruptly in size from the sixth or seventh tooth vs. dentary teeth similar in size. Eigenmannia sayona can be differentiated from E. oradens by absence of bony dorsolateral flange of dentary that also anchors numerous teeth along its extension vs. dorsolateral flange absent and teeth are attached only in dentary rim, and first premaxillary teeth row mobile, teeth attached to anteroventral margin of premaxilla vs. first premaxillary teeth row immobile, teeth completely attached to ventral surface of premaxilla (Peixoto and Waltz 2017)." 198228,Caridina linduensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,linduensis,,,,,"J. Roux, 1904","
" 198139,Caridina tumida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ATYIDAE,Caridina,tumida,,,,,"L. Wang, Liang & F. Li, 2008",The true taxonomic status of this species requires clarification. 170591,Carychium ibazoricum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ELLOBIIDA,ELLOBIIDAE,Carychium,ibazoricum,,,,,"Bank & E. Gittenberger, 1985", 4052,Catostomus wigginsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CATOSTOMIDAE,Catostomus,wigginsi,,,,,"Herre & Brock, 1936", 171602,Cellariopsis deubeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Cellariopsis,deubeli,,,,,"(A.J. Wagner, 1914)","This species is also known under the name Oxychilus deubeli (Wagner, 1914), and O. orientalis Clessin, 1887, although the latter name is preoccupied." 178062,Centropomus armatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,armatus,,,,,"Gill, 1863","There may be some taxonomic overlap of Centropomus armatus, C. robalito, and C. unionensis. Further taxonomic study is needed." 191831,Centropomus ensiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,ensiferus,,,,,"Poey, 1860", 178067,Centropomus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CENTROPOMIDAE,Centropomus,viridis,,,,,"Lockington, 1877", 47173819,Cerambyx paludivagus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Cerambyx,paludivagus,,,,,"(Lucas, 1842)","

C. paludivagus was originally described as a distinct species (Lucas, 1842), then (Lucas, 1846) regarded as “une varieté du C. cerdo”. Here we follow Sama (2008) who claimed it to be a distinct species, more similar to C. multiplicatus Motschulsky, 1860 than to C.scopolii, and not a variety of the latter or an aberration, or a subspecies.

" 84379601,Ceriagrion obfuscans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ceriagrion,obfuscans,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Kipping, 2015", 176143888,Anostomus brevior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Anostomus,brevior,,,,,"Géry, 1961",See key in Sidlauskas & Vari 2012. 176143946,Hypomasticus despaxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Hypomasticus,despaxi,,,,,"(Puyo, 1943)", 176144013,Leporinus apollo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,apollo,,,,,"Sidlauskas, Mol & Vari, 2011",This species was identified as Leporinus cf. cylindriformis by Willink et al. (2006). See Sidlauskas and Vari (2012) for a key to species. 176144088,Leporinus lebaili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,lebaili,,,,,"Géry & Planquette, 1983", 176144279,Leporinus spilopleura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,spilopleura,,,,,"Norman, 1926","Many modern authors considered this species to be a synonym of Leporinus friderici (Gery et al. 1991), and so it is identified as such in many museum's collections. It was recognized as valid by Garavello and Britski (2003). However, it is not possible at this time to know its geographic distribution, until the taxonomy of the Leporinus friderici species group is resolved. If eventually proved to be valid, it would probably have a range in the Oyapock and other coastal rivers of Amapá Brazil and French Guiana, and possibly Suriname." 176145230,Bunocephalus chamaizelus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Bunocephalus,chamaizelus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912",The species was considered by Mees (1989) under the name Dysichthys chamaizelus. 176145393,Auchenipterus brevior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterus,brevior,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 176145483,Auchenipterus demerarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Auchenipterus,demerarae,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 176145638,Gephyromochlus leopardus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Gephyromochlus,leopardus,,,,,"(Hoedeman, 1961)","Centromochlus gephyromochlus leopardus Hoedman, 1961 was elevated to species level by Calegari et al. (2019)." 176145706,Tatia meesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,meesi,,,,,"Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2008", 188992,Cerithidea ornata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,POTAMIDIDAE,Cerithidea,ornata,,,,,"Adams, 1890", 176154476,Cetopsidium orientale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsidium,orientale,,,,,"(Vari, Ferraris & Keith, 2003)", 176154595,Cetopsidium roae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsidium,roae,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 176154696,Denticetopsis iwokrama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Denticetopsis,iwokrama,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 176154752,Astyanax leopoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,leopoldi,,,,,"Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988", 176154813,Astyanax validus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,validus,,,,,"Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991", 176154850,Bryconamericus guyanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,guyanensis,,,,,"Zarske, Le Bail & Géry, 2010", 176154932,Bryconamericus hyphesson,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,hyphesson,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909", 176154985,Charax rupununi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,rupununi,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1912", 176155056,Creagrutus melanzonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,melanzonus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909", 176155201,Creagrutus planquettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,planquettei,,,,,"Géry & Renno, 1989", 176155349,Deuterodon potaroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Deuterodon,potaroensis,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909",This species is only tentatively placed in the genus Deuterodon (Silva 2017). The disjunct subpopulation in Venezuela may prove to be a different species once DNA analysis can be performed. 176155441,Hemigrammus aereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,aereus,,,,,"Géry, 1959",This species is known from just the two type specimens. Gery and Delage (1963) showed that the shiny silver or gold pigmentation in a similar small characin was caused by a nematode parasite and so that character cannot be considered taxonomically significant. 176155597,Hemigrammus orthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,orthus,,,,,"Durbin, 1909", 176155616,Hyphessobrycon borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,borealis,,,,,"Zarske, Le Bail & Géry, 2006", 176155641,Hyphessobrycon catableptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,catableptus,,,,,"(Durbin, 1909)","This ""species"" was described as a new genus and species Dermatocheir catablepta based on just the holotype specimen (18 mm SL), which had instead of the usual pectoral fin, a fleshy lobe surrounded by a fringe of filaments. It is probably a deformed individual of some other species of Hyphessobrycon, or perhaps a juvenile phase of some larger species." 176156037,Hyphessobrycon roseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,roseus,,,,,"(Géry, 1960)", 167732,Charax macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Charax,macrolepis,,,,,"(Kner, 1858)","This is a valid species (see Lucena 1987, Menezes and Lucena 2014)." 176156096,Hyphessobrycon simulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,simulatus,,,,,"(Géry, 1960)", 160482,Charaxes catachrous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,catachrous,,,,,"van Someren & Jackson, 1952","Some females of this species are difficult to identify with full confidence, however, this is a valid species (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2008)." 176156536,Jupiaba keithi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,keithi,,,,,"(Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)","When this species was described, they also described two ""variations"" from different localities which were not named. Therefore, if those are the same, the range of J. keithi may expand." 160165,Charaxes imperialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Charaxes,imperialis,,,,,"Butler, 1874","

This butterfly has the nine subspecies Charaxes imperialis imperialis, C. imperialis albipuncta, C. imperialis dargei, C. imperialis graziellae, C. imperialis lisomboensis, C. imperialis nathaliae, C. imperialis pauliae, C. imperialis ugandicus and C. imperialis werneri.

" 176156729,Jupiaba maroniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,maroniensis,,,,,"(Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)", 176157094,Jupiaba ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,ocellata,,,,,"(Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1996)", 193742,Chelonodontops laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Chelonodontops,laticeps,,,,,"(Smith, 1948)","Chelonodon laticeps is morphologically similar to C. patoca (Matsuura 2002)." 176157461,Jupiaba potaroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Jupiaba,potaroensis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)","There has been confusion about the generic placement of this species, which was described in Poecilurichthys, later placed in Astyanax and now Jupiaba. Adding to the confusion, a different fish and species of the same name described as Deuterodon potaroensis, was also place in Jupiaba, but now is tentatively again returned to Deuterodon. Museum specimens listed as Jupiaba potaroensis could refer to either of these two species, both of which were described by Eigenmann (1909) from the Potaro River." 176157479,Moenkhausia inrai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,inrai,,,,,"Géry, 1992", 176157620,Moenkhausia moisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Moenkhausia,moisae,,,,,"Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1995", 136146,Chiasmocleis magnova,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Chiasmocleis,magnova,,,,,"Moravec & Köhler, 2007",Chiasmocleis magnova can be distinguished from other similar species through a combination of morphological characters and colour patterns (Moravec and Köhler 2007). 156418,Liburnica denudata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,denudata,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1836)", 176158037,Serrapinnus littoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Serrapinnus,littoris,,,,,"(Géry, 1960)","This species was originally described as a subspecies of Cheirodon gracilis, but now both are given full species rank in the genus Serrapinnus. There are few records identified as Serrapinnus littoris, which is supposed to occur in lowland areas near the coast, whereas S. gracilis was described, and is thought to occur, mostly in the uplands (originally from the Mana River in French Guiana). However, some of the few records of S. littoris are from upland habitats, leading one to believe that there may be identification errors. From Guyana, there are records of S. gracilis from both lowland and upland habitats. If these two species really do have habitat requirement limiting one to lowlands and the other to highlands, it would seem that all museum species of both species need to have their identification rechecked to allow accurate plotting of the geographic range of each. Separation of the two is difficult, with only slight (statistical) difference in the number of lateral scales and interhemal bones. Therefore, it may just be one species with clonal differences that grade in some characters from lowland to highlands. The validity of Serrapinnus littoris remains uncertain." 157239,Josephinella edlaueri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Josephinella,edlaueri,,,,,"(Knipper, 1941)","According to Fehér and Erőss (2009) this species might be a synonym of Josephinella byshekensis. Data provided in this assessment are from the original description." 176158475,Phenacogaster simulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,simulata,,,,,"Lucena & Malabarba, 2010", 176158749,Phenacogaster wayampi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,wayampi,,,,,"Le Bail & Lucena, 2010", 156887,Liburnica harpya,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Liburnica,harpya,,,,,"(Subai, 1995)", 176159036,Phenacogaster wayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,wayana,,,,,"Le Bail & Lucena, 2010", 176159502,Tetragonopterus rarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Tetragonopterus,rarus,,,,,"(Zarske, Géry & Isbrücker, 2004)", 156949,Campylaea hirta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Campylaea,hirta,,,,,"(Menke, 1830)", 176159674,Thayeria ifati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Thayeria,ifati,,,,,"Géry, 1959", 176159753,Chilodus zunevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHILODONTIDAE,Chilodus,zunevei,,,,,"Puyo, 1946","This species was considered as a subspecies of C. punctatus by Géry (1964, 1977) but recognized as a valid species by Isbrücker and Nijssen (1988) based mainly on its different colour pattern." 176159798,Aequidens paloemeuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Aequidens,paloemeuensis,,,,,"Kullander & Nijssen, 1989", 176159914,Crenicichla coppenamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,coppenamensis,,,,,"Ploeg, 1987", 176159959,Crenicichla multispinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,multispinosa,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1903", 176160007,Crenicichla nickeriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,nickeriensis,,,,,"Ploeg, 1987", 176160135,Crenicichla sipaliwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,sipaliwini,,,,,"Ploeg, 1987", 176160233,Crenicichla ternetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,ternetzi,,,,,"Norman, 1926", 176160404,Geophagus brokopondo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,brokopondo,,,,,"Kullander & Nijssen, 1989","This ""species"" is genetically identical to Geophagus surinamensis, based on analysis of its DNA (H. López-Fernández pers. comm.) and will probably become a synonym of G. surinamensis in the near future." 176160733,Geophagus harreri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Geophagus,harreri,,,,,"Gosse, 1976", 176160830,Guianacara owroewefi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Guianacara,owroewefi,,,,,"Kullander & Nijssen, 1989", 176160860,Guianacara sphenozona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Guianacara,sphenozona,,,,,"Kullander & Nijssen, 1989", 176161181,Krobia guianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Krobia,guianensis,,,,,"(Regan, 1905)",The taxonomy of this species is as yet unresolved. It may be a species complex comprised of very similar species. 176161629,Krobia itanyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Krobia,itanyi,,,,,"(Puyo, 1943)", 176163611,Nannacara aureocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nannacara,aureocephalus,,,,,"Allgayer, 1983", 176163641,Ivanacara bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ivanacara,bimaculata,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1912)", 176163719,Satanoperca rhynchitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Satanoperca,rhynchitis,,,,,"Kullander, 2012", 49829816,Ammocryptocharax lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Ammocryptocharax,lateralis,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1909)","Specimens from the upper Mazaruni River identified as this species are genetically distinct from those found in original locality, the upper Potaro River drainage (H. López-Fernández pers. comm.)." 176164440,Poecilocharax bovaliorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Poecilocharax,bovaliorum,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909", 176164482,Skiotocharax meizon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Skiotocharax,meizon,,,,,"Presswell, Weitzman & Bergquist, 2000", 157095,Campylaea lefeburiana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Campylaea,lefeburiana,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","Bank (2007) calls Chilostoma sadleriana a synonym of this taxon. De Mattia (2003) considers this questionable, while Subai (2002) states that these taxa are valid independent species.

The taxonomic position of Chilostoma sadleriana, C. lefeburiana and C. istriana is uncertain, hence the exact distribution of theses species are unclear.

This assessments is following Bank (2007)." 176165121,Cynodon meionactis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CYNODONTIDAE,Cynodon,meionactis,,,,,"Géry, Le Bail & Keith, 1999", 84379630,Chlorocypha aurora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,aurora,,,,,"Dijkstra, Kipping & Schütte, 2015", 176166321,Hemiodus huraulti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,HEMIODONTIDAE,Hemiodus,huraulti,,,,,"(Géry, 1964)", 84379722,Chlorocypha flammea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,flammea,,,,,"Dijkstra & Clausnitzer, 2015", 169203,Chlorocypha jejuna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Chlorocypha,jejuna,,,,,"(Baumann, 1898)",Confused with C. consueta of southern Africa; taxonomy is discussed by Dijkstra (2003). 167410,Chlorogomphus albomarginatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,albomarginatus,,,,,"Karube, 1995", 176167784,Phenacorhamdia tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Phenacorhamdia,tenuis,,,,,"(Mees, 1986)","Phenacorhamdia tenuis was described under the genus Heptapterus (Mees 1986). Bockmann (1998) suggested in an unpublished thesis that H. tenuis would be, in fact, a Phenacorhamdia, and this information was published by DoNascimiento and Milani (2008)." 163651,Chlorogomphus nakamurai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,nakamurai,,,,,"Karube, 1995", 167470,Chlorogomphus takakuwai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,takakuwai,,,,,"Karube, 1995", 176168288,Pimelodella geryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,geryi,,,,,"Hoedeman, 1961",
 176168546,Pimelodella leptosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,leptosoma,,,,,"(Fowler, 1914)","Pimelodella leptosoma (Fowler, 1914) was described under Rhamdella genus and transferred to Pimelodella by Bockmann and Miquelarena (2008)." 176168748,Pimelodella procera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,procera,,,,,"Mees, 1983", 176168864,Pimelodella wesselii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,wesselii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1877)","Described as Pimelodus (Pseudorhamdia) wesselii, this species was transferred to Pimelodella by Eigenmann and Eigenmann (1888). Some authors indicate it might be a junior synonym of Pimelodella cristata (Müller and Troschel, 1849) (Eigenmann 1912, Gosline 1945, Van der Stigchel 1946), but is maintained as valid a priori. Pimelodella wesselii is only known from the type material, from an uncertain locality in Essequibo River." 176169508,Derhamia hoffmannorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Derhamia,hoffmannorum,,,,,"Géry & Zarske, 2002", 176170093,Nannostomus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Nannostomus,minimus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909", 176171679,Cteniloricaria platystoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Cteniloricaria,platystoma,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)", 176171855,Farlowella reticulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,reticulata,,,,,"Boeseman, 1971", 176171886,Farlowella rugosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Farlowella,rugosa,,,,,"Boeseman, 1971", 176171912,Harttia fluminensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,fluminensis,,,,,"Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2012", 176171945,Harttia fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Harttia,fowleri,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1908)", 176172375,Hemiancistrus medians,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hemiancistrus,medians,,,,,"(Kner, 1854)", 176172528,Hypoptopoma guianense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypoptopoma,guianense,,,,,"Boeseman, 1974", 179063485,Tylototriton vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,vietnamensis,,,,,"Böhme, Schöttler, Truong & Köhler, 2005",This is a restricted concept of Tylototriton vietnamensis following the split of the broader concept into this and Tylototriton pasmansi (Bernades et al. 2020). 174540,Chlorogomphus yokoii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chlorogomphus,yokoii,,,,,"Karube, 1995", 163622,Chloropetalia owadai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Chloropetalia,owadai,,,,,"(Asahina, 1995)","Karube (2002) transferred this species to Chloropetalia Carle, 1995." 47173823,Chlorophorus favieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Chlorophorus,favieri,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1873)", 156959,Chondrula lugorensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrula,lugorensis,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1914", 19673919,Chromomastax jagoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Chromomastax,jagoi,,,,,"Descamps, 1973", 19673922,Chromomastax movogovodia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Chromomastax,movogovodia,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19674013,Chromousambilla burtti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,LENTULIDAE,Chromousambilla,burtti,,,,,"Jago, 1981", 202069,Chrosomus saylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Chrosomus,saylori,,,,,"(Skelton, 2001)", 86859837,Chrysanthia hamata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Chrysanthia,hamata,,,,,"Vázquez, 1989", 86859840,Chrysanthia reitteri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Chrysanthia,reitteri,,,,,"Seidlitz, 1899", 22703591,Climacteris rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CLIMACTERIDAE,Climacteris,rufus,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 189130,Clithon bougainvillei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Clithon,bougainvillei,,,,,"Récluz, 1850","Haynes (2000) refers to this species under the genus Septaria, not Clithon. The taxonomy of this species is not fully resolved due to the lack of comprehensive taxonomic studies and therefore available data on its biology and distribution are scarce or unreliable (further taxonomic research is needed)." 76023221,Cochlodina inaequalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Cochlodina,inaequalis,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1868)", 170535,Cochlostoma anomphale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,anomphale,,,,,"Boeckel, 1939","Originally, this species was described as a subspecies of C. septemspirale. Now, its distinct species status is generally accepted (Gittenberger 1971)." 170575,Cochlostoma scalarinum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,scalarinum,,,,,"(A. Villa & G.B. Villa, 1841)","According to Fauna Europaea, this species is comprised of two valid subspecies: C. scalarinum scalarinum and C. scalarinum hirci (Hirc, 1885)." 170576,Cochlostoma septemspirale,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,septemspirale,,,,,"(Razoumowsky, 1789)","Fauna Europaea lists four subspecies under this taxon: Cochlostoma septemspirale septemspirale Razoumowsky, 1789, C. septemspirale bosniense Zilch, 1958, C. septemspirale heydenianum Clessin, 1879 and C. septemspirale riedeli Varga, 1980. Alzona (1971) believes that C. intermedium (Pini, 1884) is a synonym." 170583,Cochlostoma villae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,COCHLOSTOMATIDAE,Cochlostoma,villae,,,,,"(Strobel, 1851)","According to Alzona (1971) the author is De Betta & Martinati, 1855." 190853,Coeliccia albicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,albicauda,,,,,"(Förster in Laidlaw, 1907)", 167493,Coeliccia chromothorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,chromothorax,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)","


" 190848,Coeliccia doisuthepensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,doisuthepensis,,,,,"Asahina, 1984 ", 190836,Coeliccia kazukoae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,kazukoae,,,,,"Asahina, 1984 ","

Coeliccia kazukoae was previously known under two different names (Kosterin, 2011; Kosterin and Kompier 2017) and at the same time two different species were implied under this name (Kosterin and Kompier 2017). The simultaneously described Coeliccia kazukoae Asahina, 1984 and Coeliccia megumii Asahina, 1984 (Asahina 1984) are synonyms (immature and mature individuals, respectively); of these names C. kazukoae was chosen as valid by the first reviser at synonymisation (Kosterin 2011). The specimen reported as C. kazukoae from the southern Vietnam, Gia Lai Province, K’bang, Ka Nak by Steinhoff and Do (2013) and, most probably, as “C. megumii (kazukoae)” from Sekong, Attapu and Champasak Provinces in the southern Laos by Yokoi and Souphanthong (2014) in fact represented a later described closely related species Coeliccia rolandorum Kosterin and Kompier 2017, which ranges in the Annamense Mountains in the eastern Cambodia and the southern Vietnam and Laos (Kosterin and Kompier 2017). Neither of the two species, separated by the vast Cambodian Lowland, are still known from the Dangrek Mountais (the southern escarpment of the Korat Plateau) at the border of Thailand and Cambodia, where either or both could be potentially present (or not) and specimens from where would be important to clarify taxonomical relations of these species.

" 169137,Coeliccia loogali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,loogali,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1932", 122883783,Coeliccia matok,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,matok,,,,,"Dow, 2016", 122884290,Coeliccia paludensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,paludensis,,,,,"Dow, 2016", 167311,Coeliccia renifera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,renifera,,,,,"(Selys, 1886)", 190866,Coeliccia scutellum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,scutellum,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1932 ","

A subspecies, Coeliccia scutellum hainanense Laidlaw, 1932 was recognised for this species, but was split off as a separate species by Steinhoff and Uhl (2015).

" 167480,Coeliccia yamasakii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,yamasakii,,,,,"Asahina, 1984", 176217882,Pseudoqolus koko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudoqolus,koko,,,,,"(Fisch-Muller & Covain, 2012)", 176217958,Parotocinclus collinsae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Parotocinclus,collinsae,,,,,"Schmidt & Ferraris, 1985", 59701,Coenagriocnemis insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Coenagriocnemis,insularis,,,,,"(Selys, 1872)", 193650,Colomesus psittacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Colomesus,psittacus,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 55042,Colostethus agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Colostethus,agilis,,,,,"Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza, 1985", 172993,Compsophis albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Compsophis,albiventris,,,,,"Mocquard, 1894","This species has a highly unusual distribution, with no known subpopulations between Montagne d'Ambre and Bemaraha despite intensive surveys (Raselimanana 2008, F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2011). It is consequently unclear whether the two taxa represent the same species, or whether the Bemaraha form is a distinct species that resembles C. albiventris in patterning and scale counts (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2011). Genetic studies are needed to clarify relationships between these populations (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2011)." 172807,Compsophis fatsibe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Compsophis,fatsibe,,,,,"(Mercurio & Andreone, 2005)", 172922,Compsophis zeny,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Compsophis,zeny,,,,,"(Cadle, 1996)", 193631,Contusus brevicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,TETRAODONTIFORMES,TETRAODONTIDAE,Contusus,brevicaudus,,,,,"Hardy, 1981", 78535878,Cophyla karenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,karenae,,,,,"(Rosa, Crottini, Noel, Rabibisoa, Raxworthy & Andreone, 2014)", 49570575,Cophyla olgae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,olgae,,,,,"(Rakotoarison, Glaw, Vieites, Raminosoa & Vences, 2012)", 57963,Cophyla tsaratananaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Cophyla,tsaratananaensis,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)", 58484,Cornufer vitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Cornufer,vitiensis,,,,,"(Girard, 1853)", 87328451,Corticeus bicoloroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Corticeus,bicoloroides,,,,,"(Roubal, 1933)", 176225576,Pseudancistrus barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,barbatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1840)","According to Chambrier and Montoya-Burgos (2008) this species is the sister taxa of P. depressus; they share the same reddish-brown colored snout odontodes gradually increasing in size from small on the snout tip to large on the cheeks. Pseudancistrus depressus occurs in the Suriname and the Coppename rivers, and P. barbatus occurs in French Guiana rivers, from the Oyapock to the Maroni rivers." 202665,Cottus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,COTTIDAE,Cottus,marginatus,,,,,"(Bean, 1881)", 176225853,Guyanancistrus brevispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,brevispinis,,,,,"(Heitmans, Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1983)","The species was recently re-evaluated (Fisch-Muller et al. 2018) and currently three subspecies are recognised: Guyanancistrus brevispinis brevispinis, Guyanancistrus brevispinis bifax, and Guyanancistrus brevispinis orientalis." 176225886,Pseudancistrus corantijniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,corantijniensis,,,,,"De Chambrier & Montoya-Burgos, 2008","The closest relative to P. corantijniensis is P. nigrescens, collected in the Rupununi River (Chambrier and Montoya-Burgos 2008)." 176225899,Pseudancistrus depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,depressus,,,,,"(Günther, 1868)",According to Chambrier and Montoya-Burgos (2008) P. depressus is the sister taxa of P. barbatus. They share the same reddish-brown colored snout odontodes gradually increasing in size from small on the snout tip to large on the cheeks. 176225935,Pseudancistrus kwinti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Pseudancistrus,kwinti,,,,,"Willink, Mol & Chernoff, 2010", 167160,Cratilla lineata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Cratilla,lineata,,,,,"(Brauer, 1878)","Described by Brauer (1878) the type locality for nominate Cratilla lineata lineata is Malacca, Sumatra. Förster (1903) described Cratilla calverti from Malabar, India but Fraser (1936) considered this taxon to be just a late stage maturation colour form. Lieftinck (1953) recognised calverti as a subspecies of lineata. Davies and Tobin (1985) treated the nominate from to be restricted to East Asia whereas the range of C. l. calverti includes India and Indo-China. The subspecies Cratilla lineata assidua Lieftinck 1953 was described from Java and this subspecies ranges from Bali and Java to the Philippines." 176226203,Guyanancistrus longispinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,longispinis,,,,,"(Heitmans, Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1983)", 56442,Craugastor aurilegulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,aurilegulus,,,,,"(Savage, McCranie & Wilson, 1988)","This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). This is some doubt as to the taxonomic assignment of the subpopulations from Yoro and Olancho Departments, based on differences in habitat and biogeographic patterns (J. Townsend and J.M. Solís pers. comm. March 2019)." 176226264,Guyanancistrus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,niger,,,,,"(Norman, 1926)", 56513,Craugastor chrysozetetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,chrysozetetes,,,,,"(McCranie, Savage & Wilson, 1989)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 135965,Craugastor cyanochthebius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,cyanochthebius,,,,,"McCranie & Smith, 2006",In the Craugastor alfredi group. Craugastor cyanochthebius differs from all other species in the group by a combination of morphological characters (McCranie and Smith 2006). 56598,Craugastor fecundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,fecundus,,,,,"(McCranie & Wilson, 1997)",This species was previously included in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Crawford and Smith 2005). 88298694,Craugastor metriosistus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Craugastor,metriosistus,,,,,"Ospina-Sarria, Angarita-Sierra, & Pedroza-Banda, 2015", 78459104,Cryptobatrachus pedroruizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Cryptobatrachus,pedroruizi,,,,,"Lynch, 2008","Cryptobatrachus remotus (Infante-Rivero et al. 2009 ""2008""), could be a junior synonym of this species based on preliminary evidence (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2015, Meza Joya pers. comm. August 2016)." 167491,Cryptophaea vietnamensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Cryptophaea,vietnamensis,,,,,"(van Tol & Rozendaal, 1995)",
159997,Cupidesthes salvatoris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cupidesthes,salvatoris,,,,,"Belcastro & Larsen, 2005","This species was previously misidentified as Cupidesthes lithas. It was redescribed with the present name in Larsen (2005)." 176230582,Semaprochilodus varii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Semaprochilodus,varii,,,,,"Castro, 1988", 168095,Cyathopoma blandfordi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Cyathopoma,blandfordi,,,,,"Adams, 1868","There is one recognized synonym for this species: Opeas gracile (Adams, 1868)" 167321,Davidius malloryi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,malloryi,,,,,"Fraser, 1926", 167428,Davidius monastyrskii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Davidius,monastyrskii,,,,,"Do, 2005",The female of the species is not known. 53876609,Anablepsoides amphoreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,amphoreus,,,,,"(Huber, 1979)", 195520,Delos gardineri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Delos,gardineri,,,,,"E.A. Smith, 1897",There has been no systematic revision of Pacific Island Rhytididae beyond the commentary by Solem (1959). 53877200,Anablepsoides gaucheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,gaucheri,,,,,"(Keith, Nandrin & Le Bail, 2006)", 194310,Dendrotriton chujorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Dendrotriton,chujorum,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010","Subpopulations that are now recognized as belonging to Dendrotriton chujorum and Dendrotriton kekchiorum were formerly considered as part of Dendrotriton rabbi in the past, a species now considered to be restricted to Montañas de Cuilco (Campbell et al. 2010)." 53877298,Anablepsoides igneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Anablepsoides,igneus,,,,,"(Huber, 1991)", 53846457,Laimosemion agilae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,agilae,,,,,(Hoedeman 1954), 170711,Deroceras zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,AGRIOLIMACIDAE,Deroceras,zilchi,,,,,"Grossu, 1969","This species is poorly known and there are few specimens, and there is a possibility that the Romanian and Bulgarian subpopulations represent different species." 53858416,Laimosemion cladophorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Laimosemion,cladophorus,,,,,"(Huber, 1991)", 114139608,Gracixalus carinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Gracixalus,carinensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1893)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Gracixalus sapaensis (Matsui et al. 2017). 167483,Devadatta cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,DEVADATTIDAE,Devadatta,cyanocephala,,,,,"Hämäläinen, Sasamota & Karube, 2006",


168405,Devario assamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,assamensis,,,,,"(Barman, 1984)","Devario assamensis was described by Barman (1984) under the genus Danio. Fang (2001) treated it under the genus Devario. " 168550,Devario yuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Devario,yuensis,,,,,"(Arunkumar & Tombi Singh, 1998)"," Arunkumar and Tombi (1998) described Danio yuensis from Manipur. Fang and Kullander (2009) treated it under the genus Devario. " 137415,Diastellopalpus thomsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Diastellopalpus,thomsoni,,,,,"(Bates, 1888)","The genus Diastellopalpus Lansberge, 1886 is restricted to intertropical parts of the Afrotropical region and currently comprises 32 described species (Josso and Prévost 2000), most of which show montane or rainforest distributions (Davis and Scholtz 2010). D. thomsoni is considered to be represented by two subspecies, D. thomsoni thomsoni (Bates, 1888) and D. thomsoni malawiensis Josso & Prévost, 2000." 176235287,Acnodon oligacanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Acnodon,oligacanthus,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1844)", 137111,Dichotomius schiffleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Dichotomius,schiffleri,,,,,"Vaz-de-Mello & Louzada & Gavino, 2001","The genus consists of approximately 160 valid species that are distributed throughout Americas. However, the greater diversity of Dichotomius occurs in Brazil. The species that compose the genus are divided into four subgenera: Dichotomius, Homocanthonides, Selenocopris and Luederwaldtinia. Currently, Dichotomius is being revised by F. Vaz-de-Mello. Thus, the number of valid species and the internal structure of the genus may change." 176235398,Myleus knerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Myleus,knerii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1881)","There has been confusion about the genera of large herbivorous serrasalmids, many of which were described in Myletes, then placed in Myleus or Myloplus." 145787726,Diplacina fulgens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Diplacina,fulgens,,,,,"Ris, 1898", 176236031,Myloplus ternetzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Myloplus,ternetzi,,,,,"(Norman, 1929)", 176236162,Myloplus planquettei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Myloplus,planquettei,,,,,"Jégu, Keith & Le Bail, 2003", 6650,Diplommatina alata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,alata,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 49830345,Serrasalmus humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Serrasalmus,humeralis,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1850","Because their identification is difficult, and the taxonomy of the species of Serrasalmus is unresolved, many species, including S. humeralis, have been reported from many different watersheds. The type locality of S. humeralis was originally given as simply Amazonas, Brazil, but there is evidence that this was in error, and actually should have been the Araguay River, in the Tocantins basin. Until this is resolved, the true identify of S. humeralis cannot be ascertained." 176236416,Tometes lebaili,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,SERRASALMIDAE,Tometes,lebaili,,,,,"Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu, 2002", 6651,Diplommatina aurea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,aurea,,,,,"Beddome, 1889", 6659,Diplommatina crassilabris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,crassilabris,,,,,"Beddome, 1889", 6652,Diplommatina gibboni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Diplommatina,gibboni,,,,,"Beddome, 1889", 122791856,Disparocypha biedermanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Disparocypha,biedermanni,,,,,"Ris, 1916",Genus Disparocypha is currently considered as monotypic. But in fact there are obvious differences in colouration and size of specimens between different populations (e.g. Günther 2006). An urgently needed revision is likely to lead to the description of new taxa. 190869,Drepanosticta anascephala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,anascephala,,,,,"Fraser, 1933", 22736414,Turdus xanthorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,xanthorhynchus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1901", 167181,Drepanosticta brownelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,brownelli,,,,,"(Tinkham, 1938)","" 123524606,Drepanosticta rahmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,rahmani,,,,,"Dow, Choong & Ng, 2017", 123524737,Drepanosticta sbong,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,sbong,,,,,"Dow, 2010", 63775,Drymobius chloroticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Drymobius,chloroticus,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)", 190806,Dysphaea dimidiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Dysphaea,dimidiata,,,,,"Selys, 1853","The relationships between Dysphaea dimidiata from Java (from where it was described), from Borneo and from the rest of its range “are not entirely clear” Hämäläinen et al. (2015:484), the reader is referred to the discussion in that publication. However any differences between these populations are not likely to warrant more than subspecific status for the non-Javan populations, and all populations are included in the assessment as D. dimidiata. However populations from north of Songkhla and Trang provinces of Thailand have been separated as a distinct species D. vanida." 174512,Echo modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Echo,modesta,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1902", 22695544,Accipiter henicogrammus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,henicogrammus,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)", 84379759,Elattoneura aurifex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,aurifex,,,,,"Dijkstra & Mézière, 2015", 135436656,Elattoneura erythromma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,erythromma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 135436698,Elattoneura mauros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,mauros,,,,,"Dow, Choong & Ng, 2010", 90668430,Elattoneura tsiamae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Elattoneura,tsiamae,,,,,"Aguesse, 1966","Elattoneura tsiamae was previously considered a synonym of Elattoneura vrijdaghi and only recently regained full species status (Dijkstra & Clausnitzer, 2014)." 84379855,Eleuthemis umbrina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Eleuthemis,umbrina,,,,,"Dijkstra & Lempert, 2015", 153616,Engaeus orientalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Engaeus,orientalis,,,,,"Clark, 1941", 165007,Epigomphus armatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,armatus,,,,,"Ris, 1918", 7833,Epigomphus clavatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Epigomphus,clavatus,,,,,"Belle, 1980", 87537445,Episynlestes intermedius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNLESTIDAE,Episynlestes,intermedius,,,,,"Theischinger & Watson, 1985", 47265838,Esarcus letourneuxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Esarcus,letourneuxi,,,,,"Raffray, 1873",The species was described in the subgenus Entoxylon (Merkl 2008). 169386,Eugerres mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,GERREIDAE,Eugerres,mexicanus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1863)", 110739876,Eulobaspis moluccana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Eulobaspis,moluccana,,,,,"(Redtenbacher, 1891)", 163637,Euphaea basalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,basalis,,,,,"(Laidlaw, 1915)", 167189,Euphaea decorata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,decorata,,,,,"Hagen in Selys, 1853","The species was described as Euphaea decorata Hagen in Selys, 1853 but is placed by some authors in Anisophaea rather than in Euphaea; the validity of the Anisophaea as a genus is unresolved." 167439,Euphaea hirta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,hirta,,,,,"Hämäläinen & Karube, 2001",

The female of this species is undescribed.

22691227,Treron sanctithomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,sanctithomae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 190785,Euphaea pahyapi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,EUPHAEIDAE,Euphaea,pahyapi,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 1985 ","

Euphaea pahyapi was recently (Phan et al. 2018) recorded from Cambodia and Viet Nam, however these records are incorrect (Matti Hämäläinen pers. comm. 2018) and are not considered in the assessment.

" 161186,Euphaedra abri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,abri,,,,,"Faravel, 2005", 160310,Euphaedra losinga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,losinga,,,,,"Hewitson, 1864","

This species is split into the four subspecies E. losinga losinga, E. losinga wardi, E. losinga limita and E. losinga knoopi. These subspecies do not differ much from each other.

" 161114,Euphaedra modesta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,modesta,,,,,"Hecq, 1982", 160816,Euphaedra piriformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,piriformis,,,,,"Hecq, 1982", 160461,Euphaedra simplex,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,simplex,,,,,"Hecq, 1978", 160378,Euphaedra splendens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euphaedra,splendens,,,,,"Hecq, 1982","This butterfly has the two subspecies E. s. splendens and E. splendens ghanaensis." 160755,Euriphene lomaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euriphene,lomaensis,,,,,"Belcastro, 1986", 160588,Euriphene obani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euriphene,obani,,,,,"Wojtusiak & Knoop, 1994", 22682510,Aceros nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Aceros,nipalensis,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1829)", 19673674,Euschmidtia bidens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,bidens,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19673677,Euschmidtia burtti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,burtti,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19673680,Euschmidtia dirshi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,dirshi,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19673834,Euschmidtia fitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,fitzgeraldi,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19673837,Euschmidtia phippsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,phippsi,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19673689,Euschmidtia sansibarica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,sansibarica,,,,,"Karsch, 1889", 19673701,Euschmidtia tangana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,tangana,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19673704,Euschmidtia uvarovi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,uvarovi,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 19673831,Euschmidtia viridifasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,EUSCHMIDTIIDAE,Euschmidtia,viridifasciata,,,,,"Descamps, 1964", 8493,Fallicambarus hortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Fallicambarus,hortoni,,,,,"Hobbs & Fitzpatrick, 1970", 156972,Faustina faustina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Faustina,faustina,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1835)","According to Fauna Europaea this species is comprised of two distinct subspecies: Faustina faustina faustina and F. faustina associata Rossmassler, 1835." 156331,Campylaea illyrica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Campylaea,illyrica,,,,,"(Stabile, 1864)","
" 58999,Feihyla kajau,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Feihyla,kajau,,,,,"(Dring, 1984)", 195529,Fijiopoma diatreta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Fijiopoma,diatreta,,,,,"Gould, 1846","Genus Fijiopoma was erected by Clench (1949) in a revision of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan cyclophoroideans. However, there appears to be considerable conchological variability within, and overlap amongst, the nominal Fijian species, indicating the need for reassessment of their taxonomic status." 172887,Furcifer antimena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,antimena,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)", 172934,Furcifer balteatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,balteatus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1851)", 172740,Furcifer belalandaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,belalandaensis,,,,,"(Brygoo & Domergue, 1970)","The validity of this species has been questioned, but it is currently considered a good species (R. Jenkins pers. comm. June 2011, C. Raxworthy pers. comm. Jan 2011)." 8766,Furcifer minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,minor,,,,,"(Günther, 1879)", 172950,Furcifer petteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Furcifer,petteri,,,,,"(Brygoo & Domergue, 1966)","

Records of this species from Ambohijanahary are attributable to Furcifer willsii (F. Glaw pers. comm. January 2011). Records from Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha may represent this taxon,. F. willsii, or an undescribed form; due to uncertainty about the correct assignment of these records the Bemaraha records are not included in the assessments for either F. petteri or F. wilsii.

" 171341,Erjaveciella approximans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Erjaveciella,approximans,,,,,"(A. Schmidt, 1856)","Two subspecies are accepted (MolluscaBase 2022):
  • Erjaveciella approximans ssp. approximans (A. Schmidt, 1856).
  • Erjaveciella approximans ssp. stolensis H. Nordsieck, 2022.
" 169660,Gagata itchkeea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Gagata,itchkeea,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Gagata itchkeea was described as Phractocephalus itchkeea by Sykes (1839) from Bhima River at Pairgaon, Maharashtra, India." 197290,Galaxias depressiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSMERIFORMES,GALAXIIDAE,Galaxias,depressiceps,,,,,"McDowall & Wallis, 1996", 15039573,Galvagniella albanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Galvagniella,albanica,,,,,"(Mistshenko, 1952)", 168216,Garra compressa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,compressa,,,,,"Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998","Kosygin and Vishwanath (1998) described Garra compressa from Wanze Stream near Khamsom, Manipur, India. Kullander and Fang (2004) considered it as a valid species. It is listed as G. compressus by W. Eschmeyer, however G. compressa is thought to be the correct spelling for this species (M. Kottelat pers. comm. 2010)." 168284,Garra nambulica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,nambulica,,,,,"Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005","Vishwanath and Joyshree (2005) described Garra nambulica from Manipur, India. Vishwanath and Linthoingambi (2008) treated it as a valid species." 166636,Garra rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,rupicola,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)","

McClelland (1839) described Gonorhynchus rupeculus and Gonorhynchus brachypterus from the Mishmee Mountains, Assam (now in Arunachal Pradesh). Hora (1921) didn’t consider the two forms as distinct species and base on the specimens collected from the Manipur valley, placed both as Garra rupeculus. Menon (1964) recognised it as Garra rupecula and base on examination of large number of specimens from Manipur valley placed Garra abhoyai Hora as a junior synonym of it.  However, Nebeshwar et al. (2009) remarked all the streams and rivers draining Manipur valley and Ukhrul district belong to Chindwin drainage whereas the type locality of Garra rupecula belongs to Brahmaputra River basin. Therefore, they suggest validity of Garra abhoyai and absence of Garra rupecula from Manipur. Further research work is needed to determine the identity of the specimens of the species collected from Manipur.

" 22718925,Ploceus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,grandis,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)", 22715589,Garrulax palliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,palliatus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 91169982,Gastromyzon contractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,GASTROMYZONTIDAE,Gastromyzon,contractus,,,,,"Roberts, 1982", 55321,Gastrotheca andaquiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,andaquiensis,,,,,"Ruiz-Carranza & Hernández-Camacho, 1976",Was previously treated under the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55325,Gastrotheca aureomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,aureomaculata,,,,,"Cochran & Goin, 1970",This genus has been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). 55328,Gastrotheca chrysosticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,chrysosticta,,,,,"Laurent, 1976", 78500935,Gastrotheca dysprosita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,dysprosita,,,,,"Duellman, 2013", 78500943,Gastrotheca pachachacae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,pachachacae,,,,,"Catenazzi & von May, 2011", 137408,Genieridium medinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Genieridium,medinae,,,,,"(Gill & Vaz-de-Mello, 2002)","The genus Genieridium (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae: Ateuchini) was described and revised by Vaz-de-Mello (2008). It presents seven species that are distributed throughout Colombia, Venezuela, non-Amazonian Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina. All species that compose the genus were originally described in Pedaridium." 29457,Geophis damiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Geophis,damiani,,,,,"Wilson, McCranie & Williams, 1998", 49565720,Gephyromantis tahotra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Gephyromantis,tahotra,,,,,"Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2011",This species belong to the Gephyromantis asper group and was previously confused with Gephyromantis ambohitra (Frost 2015). 86863386,Gerandryus aetnensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Gerandryus,aetnensis,,,,,"(Rottenberg, 1871)",Initially described as Parablops aetnensis. 166558,Glyptothorax saisii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,saisii,,,,,"(Jenkins, 1910)","Glyptothorax saisii was originally described as Glyptosternum saisii by Jenkins (1910) Sita Nullah stream, Paresnath Hills, Jharkhand. Subsequently, Glyptothorax coheni was described from Subarnarekha River, Chotanagpur Plateau, Jharkhand (Ganguly et al. 1972), which is now synonymized to Glyptothorax saisii (Thomson and Page 2006)." 166576,Glyptothorax striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Glyptothorax,striatus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1842)","Glyptothorax striatus was described from the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya, India (McClelland 1842)." 190826,Gomphidia abbotti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,abbotti,,,,,"Williamson, 1907","A subspecies, G. a. audax Lieftinck, 1948 is recognised from south Sumatra." 190850,Gomphidia maclachlani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Gomphidia,maclachlani,,,,,"Selys, 1873", 195532,Gonatorhaphe intercostata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,NEOCYCLOTIDAE,Gonatorhaphe,intercostata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)","The Fijian members of genus Gonatorhape von Moellendorff were revised by Clench (1949). However, there appears to be considerable conchological variability within and overlap among the nominal Fijian species, indicating the need for reassessment of their taxonomic status. Solem (1978) suggested that G. intercostata may be synonymous with G. stricta (Garrett, 1887) which had been described from Vatulele." 192078,Gongylosoma mukutense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gongylosoma,mukutense,,,,,"Grismer, Das & Leong, 2003","G. mukutense has been recently described and differs from all other species of the Gongylosoma genus in having a single, enlarged, posterior temporal; chinshields of equal size, and a thin nuchal band that contacts a vestigial vertebral stripe (Grismer et al. 2003)." 176399047,Jenynsia obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,ANABLEPIDAE,Jenynsia,obscura,,,,,"(Weyenbergh, 1877)", 160949,Graphium polistratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,polistratus,,,,,"(Grose-Smith, 1889)", 88219153,Guibemantis diphonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,diphonus,,,,,"Vences, Jovanovic, Safarek, Glaw, & Köhler, 2015", 66390706,Guibemantis tasifotsy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Guibemantis,tasifotsy,,,,,"Lehtinen, Glaw, Andreone, Pabijan & Vences, 2012", 22726026,Gymnobucco vernayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Gymnobucco,vernayi,,,,,"Boulton, 1931","

Gymnobucco calvus and G. vernayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. calvus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 168449,Gymnostomus horai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Gymnostomus,horai,,,,,"(Bănărescu, 1986)","Gymnostomus horai was described as Crossocheilus horai by Bănărescu (1986) from Inle Lake in central Myanmar. The species was considered to belong to the genus Cirrhinus by Roberts (1997) and as the name Cirrhinus horai has already been used by Lakshmanan (1966), Roberts (1997) proposed Cirrhinus lu as a replacement name for this species. However, Kottelat (2003) showed that the definition of Cirrhinus as used by Roberts (1997) is erroneous and the species that Roberts (1997) assign to Cirrhinus is congeneric with species of Henicorhynchus Smith, 1945. Furthermore, Kottelat (2003) indicated that the correct generic name for this genus should be Gymnostomus Heckel, 1843." 167287,Gynacantha basiguttata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,basiguttata,,,,,"Selys, 1882", 119049407,Gynacantha comorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,comorensis,,,,,"Couteyen & Papazian, 2009", 84379867,Gynacantha congolica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,congolica,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 169173,Gynacantha dravida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,dravida,,,,,"Lieftinck,1960 ","There are two distinct populations of G. dravida (one in the Western Ghats, and one in eastern and northeastern India), and it may be that these are separate subspecies or even species. More research is needed to confirm this. Prior to 1960 it was treated as Gynacantha hyalina. Fraser (1936) notes that it is very difficult to separate from G. subinterupta; the relationship of these two taxa should be re-examined." 158908,Gynacantha jessei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,jessei,,,,,"Williamson, 1923", 84379872,Gynacantha pupillata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,pupillata,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 172427,Haludaria melanampyx,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Haludaria,melanampyx,,,,,"(Day, 1865)",This species was moved to Haludaria following Pethiyagoda (2013). There is also a need to delineate the species as well as distribution boundaries of H. melanampyx and its congener H. fasciata. 176406033,Astyanax aramburui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Astyanax,aramburui,,,,,"Protogino, Miquelarena & López, 2006", 192102,Hebius annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,annamensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)","This species has also been placed in the genera Opisthotropis and Amphiesma. Research is underway to clarify the validity and content of Parahelicops, and pending resolution of this issue P. annamensis should be retained within this genus (P. David pers. comm. February 2011)." 192156,Hebius venningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Hebius,venningi,,,,,"(Wall, 1910)","A phylogenetic analysis of the Amphiesma group has shown them to consist of three distinct, monophyletic lineages with strong support. Amphiesma is monotypic and all the remaining species are moved to Herpetoreas or Hebius. This species has been placed under Hebius (Guo et al. 2014).

Hebius taronensis was elevated to specific status by Das (2010) (as Amphiesma taronense, an apparently incorrect emendation), having previously been treated as a subspecies or synonym of Amphiesma venningi. Das (2010) provides no explicit justification for this action, although the accompanying description highlights morphological differences between the two taxa (particularly in the number of subcaudals). Its appropriate taxonomic status remains unclear (e.g. Uetz and Hošek 2016). This account tentatively follows Das (2010) in recognizing H. taronensis as a valid species separate from H. venningi." 171791,Heliaeschna crassa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,crassa,,,,,"Krüger, 1899","Heliaeschna crassa is very similar to H. idae (Brauer, 1865), and may ultimately prove to be a junior synonym of that species." 171792,Heliaeschna uninervulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Heliaeschna,uninervulata,,,,,"Martin, 1909","Heliaeschna beesoni (Fraser, 1922) is variously treated as a junior synonym or as a subspecies of H. uninervula. It is treated as a synonym here." 156964,Helicodonta langhofferi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Helicodonta,langhofferi,,,,,"A.J. Wagner, 1912","Described originally as Helicodonta langhofferi A.J. Wagner, 1912. Later, Sturany and Wagner (1914) indicated that ""langhofferi"" was a mistyping and correct writing should be ""laughofferi"". Later, in the faunistical literature, both names occur. According to the interpretation by Fauna Europaea the original spelling should be used. 
Its anatomy is unknown, therefore its systematic position is not clear.


" 177753,Helicostyla velata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,BRADYBAENIDAE,Helicostyla,velata,,,,,"(Broderip, 1841)","This species was listed under the name Helicostyla velatum (Broderip, 1841) by Régnier et al. (2009), but listed as Canistrum velatum (Broderip, 1841) by Poppe et al. (2012)." 167200,Heliogomphus retroflexus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,retroflexus,,,,,"(Ris, 1912)","Originally described by Ris (1912) under the genus Leptogomphus Selys, 1878 the type-locality for Heliogomphus retroflexus is Tonkin, northern Vietnam. Laidlaw (1930) transferred the species to Heliogomphus Laidlaw 1922. Asahina (1977) described the larvae collected by Mr Matsuki from Taiwan, which was the first larval representative described from the Heliogomphus genus." 169126,Heliogomphus selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Heliogomphus,selysi,,,,,"Fraser, 1925", 156360,Helix dormitoris,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,dormitoris,,,,,"Kobelt, 1898", 156514,Helix secernenda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,secernenda,,,,,"Rossmässler, 1837","This species is usually considered to contain two subspecies: Helix secernenda secernenda Rossmässler 1847 and Helix secernenda schlaeflii Mousson 1858, the latter being recorded from the southern part of its range. The separation on subspecific level ist still under debate, so the assessment considers the species as a whole." 157151,Helix vladica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Helix,vladica,,,,,"(Kobelt, 1898)", 91180456,Hemibagrus caveatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Hemibagrus,caveatus,,,,,"Ng, Wirjoatmodjo & Hadiaty, 2001", 169098,Hemicordulia asiatica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,asiatica,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)",Dijkstra (2007) reviewed the taxonomy of this species and showed that records from Africa in fact refer to distinct species. 83305799,Hemicordulia erico,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,erico,,,,,"Asahina, 1940", 174541,Hemicordulia tenera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,tenera,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1930", 189517,Hemistomia neku,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,neku,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 189313,Hemistomia shostakovichi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Hemistomia,shostakovichi,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 19672679,Heteracris trimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Heteracris,trimaculata,,,,,"Grunshaw, 1991", 156318,Buliminus carneus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Buliminus,carneus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1846)", 159022,Heteragrion dorsale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,dorsale,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 158967,Heteragrion flavovittatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HETERAGRIONIDAE,Heteragrion,flavovittatum,,,,,"Selys, 1862", 156592,Hiltrudia kusmici,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Hiltrudia,kusmici,,,,,"(Clessin, 1887)","Before the revision of the Hygromiid family (Nordsieck 1993), this species was called Metafruticicola kusmici. Some authors incorrectly treat this species and Hiltrudia mathildae as synonyms (Maassen 1995)." 156849,Hiltrudia mathildae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Hiltrudia,mathildae,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1881)","Some authors incorrectly treat this species as the synonym of Hiltrudia kuzmici, however according to Maassen (1995), they are distinct species." 153957,Hobbseus prominens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Hobbseus,prominens,,,,,"(Hobbs, 1966)","There is some uncertainty regarding the distinction between Hobbseus petilus and Hobbseus prominens (S. Adams pers. comm)." 172465,Garra arunachalami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Garra,arunachalami,,,,,"(Johnson & Soranam, 2001)","Horalabiosa arunachalami was described by Johnson and Sornam (2001) from Panniyar stream in Santhamparai, Iddukki district, Kerala." 163865,Huonia moerens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Huonia,moerens,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 176424503,Psalidodon troya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Psalidodon,troya,,,,,"(Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón, 2002)", 176424533,Psalidodon tumbayaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Psalidodon,tumbayaensis,,,,,"(Miquelarena & Menni, 2005)", 176424725,Bryconamericus agna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,agna,,,,,"Azpelicueta & Almirón, 2001", 176425151,Bryconamericus eigenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,eigenmanni,,,,,"(Evermann & Kendall, 1906)", 176425201,Bryconamericus mennii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,mennii,,,,,"Miquelarena, Protogino, Filiberto & López, 2002", 176425386,Bryconamericus sylvicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,sylvicola,,,,,"Braga, 1998", 176425529,Bryconamericus ytu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,ytu,,,,,"Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta, 2004", 176426194,Hemigrammus matei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,matei,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1918", 176426413,Hyphessobrycon isiri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,isiri,,,,,"Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2006", 176426464,Hyphessobrycon nicolasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hyphessobrycon,nicolasi,,,,,"Miquelarena & López, 2010", 22705080,Lanius newtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,newtoni,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1891", 22710940,Acridotheres cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,cinereus,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1851", 176458683,Australoheros ykeregua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Australoheros,ykeregua,,,,,"Říčan, Piálek, Almirón & Casciotta, 2011", 176459283,Crenicichla hu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,hu,,,,,"Piálek, Říčan, Casciotta & Almirón, 2010", 176459366,Crenicichla ypo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Crenicichla,ypo,,,,,"Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek, Gómez & Říčan, 2010", 176460856,Heptapterus mbya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Heptapterus,mbya,,,,,"Azpelicueta, Aguilera & Mirande, 2011", 176461578,Pimelodella laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,laticeps,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1917", 176461760,Rhamdella aymarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdella,aymarae,,,,,"Miquelarena & Menni, 1999", 176461812,Rhamdella cainguae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Rhamdella,cainguae,,,,,"Bockmann & Miquelarena, 2008", 176485629,Proscyllium magnificum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PROSCYLLIIDAE,Proscyllium,magnificum,,,,,"Last & Vongpanich, 2004", 176485916,Atelomycterus erdmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SCYLIORHINIDAE,Atelomycterus,erdmanni,,,,,"Fahmi & White, 2015","Atelomycterus erdmanni is closely related to A. baliensis and A. marmoratus, being sympatric with the latter (Fahmi and White 2015)." 176486023,Hemitriakis indroyonoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Hemitriakis,indroyonoi,,,,,"White, Compagno & Dharmadi, 2009","Hemitriakis indroyonoi is separable from the other congeners, H. abdita, H. complicofasciata, H. falcata, H. japanica and H. leucoperiptera, by a combination of vertebral counts, morphometric characters, and juvenile colouration (White et al. 2009)." 176486152,Orectolobus leptolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,ORECTOLOBIDAE,Orectolobus,leptolineatus,,,,,"Last, Pogonoski & White, 2010","This species has been confused with its congener the Japanese Wobbegong (Orectolobus japonicus). Species referred to as Orectolobus japonicus are likely a complex of Western Indian Ocean species including this species and the complex requires further taxonomic work (Last et al. 2010a, Last et al. 2010b)." 176486201,Okamejei cairae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Okamejei,cairae,,,,,"Last, Fahmi & Ishihara, 2010",Previously confused with Boeseman's Skate (Okamejei boesemani) which shares similar colouration to the Borneo Sand Skate (O. cairae) but differs in morphology (Last et al. 2010a). 176486224,Rhinobatos manai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,manai,,,,,"White, Last & Naylor, 2016","The species is distinguished from Philippine Guitarfish (Rhinobatos whitei) and Goldeneye Guitarfish (R. sainsbury) by colour, morphology, and meristic characters (White et al. 2016)." 176486239,Rhinobatos ranongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Rhinobatos,ranongensis,,,,,"Last, Séret & Naylor, 2019","The species is distinguished from its regional congeners, the Bengal Guitarfish (Rhinobatos annandalei) and Smoothback Guitarfish (R. lionatus) by colour, morphology, and meristic characters (Last et al. 2019)." 176486255,Narcine baliensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,baliensis,,,,,"Carvalho & White, 2016", 176486271,Platyrhina psomadakisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,PLATYRHINIDAE,Platyrhina,psomadakisi,,,,,"White & Last, 2016", 176490625,Hisonotus hungy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hisonotus,hungy,,,,,"Azpelicueta, Almirón, Casciotta & Koerber, 2007", 176492262,Loricaria holmbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Loricaria,holmbergi,,,,,"Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2005", 166184,Anguilla japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,japonica,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1846","

Silfvergrip (2009) described the diagnostic features of A. japonica greater than 200 mm total length (TL). These include a plain colouration, with no distinct markings, and a total number of vertebrae between 112–119. Dorsal fin anterior margin is 8.5–9.5% of TL, in advance of anus. The mouth is small, about one fourth of head length, and distance from anus to end of tail is 5.6–6.0 times longer than distance from anus to dorsal fin insertion.

" 166189,Anguilla marmorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,marmorata,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1824","

It is thought that there are at least four different subpopulations of A. marmorata based on morphological and genetic characters, in the North Pacific, South Pacific, Indian Ocean and Micronesia (Minegishi et al. 2008, Watanabe et al. 2009). Although, some studies using genetics have identified five (Ishikawa et al. 2004). Watanabe et al. (2008) suggested that total number of vertebrae indicated four morphological groups, but five different subpopulations in the North Pacific, South Pacific, Indian Ocean, Micronesia and Tahiti. Anguilla marmorata is thought to have between 100-110 vertebrae and can reach up to 2 m in length.

" 166894,Anguilla bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,bicolor,,,,,"McClelland, 1844","

This species of shortfin eel has been proposed to have two subpopulations: one is described as the subspecies Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland 1844), found in the Indian Ocean from the east coast of Africa to northwestern Australia and greater Sundaland; while the other, described as the subspecies Anguilla bicolor pacifica, is found in the West Indo-Pacific from southern China, Philippines and the Indonesian islands of Borneo, Sulawesi and New Guinea (Schmidt 1923). The two subpopulations are considered synonyms of A. bicolor here, though this observed intraspecific variation is noted for the purposes of regionally specific conservation planning for the two subpopulations in the Indian Ocean and West Indo-Pacific.

From a study conducted across the Indonesian archipelago, these proposed subpopulations were found to share many morphological similarities but significant differences in geographic distribution (Sugeha and Suharti 2008). It has been suggested that the two subpopulations share no overlapping continental range (Fahmi 2013). However, A. bicolor from the Indian Ocean has been identified in Malaysia using both morphological and molecular techniques (Arai et al. 2012a, 2015; Hamzah et al. 2015, Arai and Wong 2016, Arai and Kadir 2017b). More recently A. bicolor from the Indo-pacific has been found to recruit to the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatera (Sugeha 2019 unpub. data). These indicate an overlap of ranges of the subpopulations. This, as well as almost identical morphological characteristics, suggests molecular techniques are the only fail-safe way to identify the subpopulations (Tanaka et al. 2014, Arai et al. 2015).

Anguilla bicolor is olive to dark bluish-brown dorsally and lighter ventrally from the jaw to the anus. Its dorsal fin soft rays number 240–250 and its anal fin soft rays, 200–220. This species typically has between 103 to 115 vertebrae (Ege 1939, Silfvergrip 2009). It is most easily confused with Anguilla obscura (and its distribution overlaps with this species in New Guinea). It can only be reliably separated from A. obscura by vertebral count (102–108 for A. obscura) (Ege 1939) and/or genetic analyses (Watanabe et al. 2004). 

" 183155,Anguilla mossambica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,mossambica,,,,,"(Peters, 1852)","

Anguilla mossambica is olive to greyish black dorsally and lighter ventrally, with the caudal fin confluent with the dorsal and anal fin (Froese and Pauly 2011). It has been suggested that this species and A. borneensis could be basal species of the genus (Aoyama et al. 2001, Minegishi et al. 2005, Fahmi 2015).

" 195503,Anguilla celebesensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,celebesensis,,,,,"Kaup, 1856","

The morphological characteristics, ecology and distribution of A. celebesensis overlap broadly with those of both A. interioris and A. luzonensis making taxonomic distinction difficult in situ. The main difference is the ano-dorsal length which is measured as a percentage of the total length (TL) of the eel. In A. celebesensis, this value is between 6.0–11.9 according to Aoyama et al. (2000). The ADL/%TL of A. celebesensis has been found to overlap with other tropical anguillid species including A. interioris, A. marmorata, A. borneensis, A. bengalensis and A. obscura based on both morphology and genetic analyses (Sugeha et al. 2006b). Sugeha (2010) reported the range of total vertebrae and ano-dorsal vertebrae of this species found in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia) were 100–106 (Mean±SD = 102.86 ± 1.13) and 6–13 (9.48 ± 1.11), respectively. Further, ADL/%TL of the species was 6.00–17.65 with an average of 10.41 (SD = 1.61) (Sugeha 2010). 

" 196301,Anguilla megastoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,megastoma,,,,,"Kaup, 1856","

DNA sequencing has indicated admixture between A. megastoma and A. marmorata in some individuals from Vanuatu (Schabetsberger et al. 2015), American Samoa, and Bougainville (Gubili et al. 2018), and further observations of intermediate dentition suggests hybridisation (Schabetsberger et al. 2017). Samples collected from various expeditions across the Indo-Pacific also revealed another hybrid between A. megastoma and A. obscura (Barth et al. 2019).

The skin is grey to yellowish and more or less spotted with brown or black. It can be sometimes uniformly brownish red on the flanks and the back. The belly is white. Young specimens are grey and do not have spots. This species is also characterised by having 108–114 vertebrae (Smith 1999, Watanabe et al. 2011, Froese and Pauly 2012, Hewavitharane et al. 2017). Hewavitharane et al. (2017) found anodorsal ratios of A. megastoma and A. marmorata do not overlap, with values for anodorsal length (measured as a percentage of the total length) ranging between 8.2–12% and 14–17%, respectively, suggesting this is the only external morphological character that can distinguish these species.

Wanatabe et al. (2011) suggested A. megastoma may be separated into two subpopulations, eastern and western, within the western South Pacific due to statistically significant total vertebrae counts. Consistent results found by Hewavitharane et al. (2017) for vertebrae counts, further strengthens this hypothesis. Although Hewavitharane et al. (2017) adds considerably to the sample size supporting this hypothesis, these studies are based on relatively few specimens. Therefore, there is still a possibility this species may consist a single panmictic population in the South Pacific (Schabetsberger et al. 2018).

" 196302,Anguilla obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,obscura,,,,,"Günther, 1872","

The Pacific Shortfin Eel, Anguilla obscura, belongs to the group of anguillids which have a short dorsal fin which originates slightly before the anus. This species most closely resembles A. australis and A. bicolor, from which it can be distinguished with certainty only by the number of vertebrae of which A. obscura typically has between 102 and 108. At the glass eel stage, this species can be potentially be distinguished from geographically overlapping A. marmorata and A. megastoma through caudal fin pigmentation, as distinctive patterns allow differentiation (Hewavitharane et al. 2017).

" 198972,Anguilla interioris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,interioris,,,,,"Whitley, 1938","

Anguilla interioris is generally considered to be most similar in appearance to Anguilla celebesensis, Anguilla luzonensis and Anguilla megastoma. The distance between the dorsal fin anterior margin and the anus (ADL) in A. interioris is 12.5–13.5% of total length (TL), whereas for A. celebesensis it is 7.5–10.5% of TL, with all other characteristics being almost equal (Silfvergrip 2009).  There does seem to be regional variation in this, as according to Sugeha (2010), A. interioris glass eel recruiting to the Poso River estuary had an ADL of 14.81–17.65% of TL. Without molecular identification, it is practically impossible to distinguish between specimens of A. interioris from A. celebesensis and A. luzonensis with certainty (Silfvergrip 2009). Differences in caudal fin pigmentation have also been documented between A. interioris and A. celebesensis (Sugeha 2010, Shirotori et al. 2016). This presents a possible diagnostic character, although at yellow eel stage they are unidentifiable. A. interioris can be distinguished from A. megastoma by the number of vertebrae: A. interioris typically has between 100 and 106 vertebrae and A. megastoma, 108–116.

" 198973,Anguilla borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,borneensis,,,,,"Popta, 1924","

Anguilla borneensis is the only plain-coloured, longfinned eel found in Indonesia. It typically has 103–108 vertebrae (Watanabe et al. 2014) and grows to a maximum length of 80 cm TL. It has been suggested that this species and A. mossambica could be basal species of the genus (Aoyama et al. 2001, Minegishi et al. 2005, Fahmi 2015).

" 18435966,Anguilla luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,luzonensis,,,,,"Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto, 2009","

Anguilla luzonensis is morphologically similar to other anguillids A. celebesensis and A. interioris, and so molecular techniques would be required to accurately distinguish this species (Minegishi et al. 2009, Leander et al. 2012). Similar to A. celebesensis, this anguillid eel is characterised by mottled colouration with broad maxillary bands of teeth. The two species cannot be distinguished by morphological differences in predorsal, preanal and trunk length or in number of vertebrae because of their overlapping range. Anguilla luzonensis is reported to have 103–106 vertebrae. It has a predorsal-fin length of 28.6–33.1% of TL; preanal length 39.6–44.8% of TL; preanal length without head length (trunk length) 26.4–31.3% of TL; distance between the verticals through the anus and origin of the dorsal fin 9.3–13.9% of TL; LG 35.5–46.9% of HL; TV 103–107; and AV 40–42. The body is elongate. Body colour when fresh is mottled with yellow, olive green, and dark brown or black. HL is 10.8-15.1% of TL, predorsal length without head length is 15.5–19.7% of TL. A. luzonensis has 61–66 caudal vertebrae (Watanabe et al. 2009).


" 61668607,Anguilla bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ANGUILLIFORMES,ANGUILLIDAE,Anguilla,bengalensis,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","

Anguilla bengalensis has an elongate body and a conical head that is dorsally flattened. It has prominent thick lips and narrow bands of teeth on the jaws and is often difficult to distinguish from Anguilla marmorata. Some intraspecific variation has been observed within A. bengalensis to the extent that some authors (e.g., Ege 1939, Watanabe et al. 2014) refer to two subpopulations: one described as Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis commonly found in countries of the Indian Ocean region; and the other A. bengalensis labiata (African Mottled Eel) which occurs in Eastern Africa and as a vagrant in the Arabian Peninsula. The two subpopulations are considered synonyms of A. bengalensis here, though this observed intraspecific variation is noted for the purposes of regionally specific conservation planning for the two subpopulations in the Indian Ocean and in Africa. Several other regional synonyms for this species are known from specimens in Asia and Africa.

The most important parameter for distinguishing between A. bengalensis and A. marmorata is the distance between the origins of the dorsal fin and the anus (ano-dorsal % of TL). Typically, in A. bengalensis this feature is 10.5–12.5% of the total length, for A. marmorata it is 15.5–16.5% (Silfvergrip 2009). This species has between 106 and 115 vertebrae (Silfvergrip 2009).


" 78965851,Hyloscirtus criptico,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,criptico,,,,,"Coloma, Carvajal-Endara, Dueñas, Paredes-Recalde, Morales-Mite, Almeida-Reinoso, Tapia, Hutter, Toral-Contreras & Guayasamin, 2012",This is a split from the broader concept of Hyloscirtus larinopygion (Coloma et al. 2012). 86883481,Hymenorus baudii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Hymenorus,baudii,,,,,"Seidlitz, 1896", 118041979,Hypancistrus vandragti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypancistrus,vandragti,,,,,"(Lujan & Armbruster, 2011)","Originally described as Micracanthicus vandragti, it was recently moved to the genus Hypancistrus after Lujan et al. (2017) conducted new analyses with molecular data." 56123,Hyperolius chlorosteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Hyperolius,chlorosteus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1915)", 103871334,Acridotheres javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,javanicus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1851","

Acridotheres grandis and A. javanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. grandis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 90233528,Hypolestes hatuey,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,HYPOLESTIDAE,Hypolestes,hatuey,,,,,"Torres-Cambas, 2015", 160287,Hypolimnas aubergeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Hypolimnas,aubergeri,,,,,"Hecq, 1987", 159779,Hypolycaena coerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypolycaena,coerulea,,,,,"Stempffer, 1967","The species was first definitively raised to species rank by Larsen (1997) and until then had been under-reported. Until 1997, six valid species were subsumed under one or two names (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2008)." 49830355,Hypostomus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Hypostomus,annectens,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)", 169654,Hypselobarbus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypselobarbus,pulchellus,,,,,"(Day, 1870)","Hypselobarbus pulchellus was originally described as Barbus (Barbodes) pulchellus by Day (1870) from inland streams (probably in Mangalore), India." 180990,Hypsibarbus salweenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Hypsibarbus,salweenensis,,,,,"Rainboth, 1996", 113901500,Hyriopsis bialata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Hyriopsis,bialata,,,,,"Simpson, 1900","Hyriopsis bialata used to be regarded as fairly widespread and common in Southeast Asia (Brandt, 1974). However, molecular data (Zieritz et al. 2016) indicate that the Malaysian populations, which are restricted to the lower reaches of the Pahang River, represent a separate, cryptic species endemic to the peninsula. Since the species' type locality is Malaysia, H. bialata populations outside the Malaysian Peninsula are not considered conspecific and therefore excluded from the present assessment." 59627,Ichthyophis monochrous,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,ICHTHYOPHIIDAE,Ichthyophis,monochrous,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1858)","The taxonomic distinctiveness of this species needs confirmation. Historically, all unstriped Ichthyophis from Southeast Asia were assigned to this species (Taylor 1968)." 171587,Leiostyla anglica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,LAURIIDAE,Leiostyla,anglica,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)", 167064,Idionyx carinata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,carinata,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","Ris (1912) recorded Idionyx optata Selys from Tas-Yiu-San, Guangdong, China, but Fraser (1926) described Idionyx carinata from the same Tas-Yiu-San specimens. Zhou (1984) described Idionyx lieftincki from Zhejiang, China but Asahina (1987) treated this species as a junior synonym of I. carinata. Schorr et al. (2009) listed I. lieftincki as a junior synonym of I. carinata." 174543,Idionyx selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,selysi,,,,,"Fraser, 1926","Idionyx selysi is sometimes considered to be a junior synonym of I. yolanda Selys, 1871, but is clearly distinct from that species (for instance see Lieftinck 1960 pages 254-256). A species very similar to, and possibly identical to, I. selysi occurs in Sarawak (e.g. Dow and Reels 2008, 2010) and probably other parts of Borneo. As the status of the Sarawak species is unresolved, it is considered as distinct from I. selysi for the purposes of this assessment." 167305,Idionyx stevensi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Idionyx,stevensi,,,,,"Fraser, 1924","


" 174494,Indaeschna grubaueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Indaeschna,grubaueri,,,,,"(Förster, 1904)", 195058,Indochinamon dangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMIDAE,Indochinamon,dangi,,,,,"Naruse, Nguyen & Yeo, 2011", 169160,Indocypha vittata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Indocypha,vittata,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)","

Indocypha svenhedini Sjöstedt, 1932 is sometimes considered to be a junior synonym of I. vittata. However svenhedini is actually not a synonym of vittata (M. Hämäläinen pers. comm.) and is not considered as one in this assessment.

" 54741,Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ingerophrynus,quadriporcatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","Records of Ingerophrynus biporcatus from mainland Southeast Asia probably refer to this species, and are treated as such here." 160556,Iolaus creta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,creta,,,,,"Hewitson, 1878", 159771,Iolaus iturensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,iturensis,,,,,"(Joicey & Talbot, 1921)", 159887,Iolaus laonides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,laonides,,,,,"Aurivillius, 1898", 176509627,Cnesterodon pirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Cnesterodon,pirai,,,,,"Aguilera, Mirande & Azpelicueta, 2009", 161009,Iolaus sciophilus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Iolaus,sciophilus,,,,,"(Schultze, 1916)", 86859903,Ischnomera xanthoderes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Ischnomera,xanthoderes,,,,,"(Mulsant, 1858)",
 83125670,Ischnura thelmae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Ischnura,thelmae,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1966", 10861,Isomma hieroglyphicum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Isomma,hieroglyphicum,,,,,"Sélys, 1892", 83153764,Isosticta gracilior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Isosticta,gracilior,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1975", 83153820,Isosticta humilior,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ISOSTICTIDAE,Isosticta,humilior,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1975", 47251472,Isotomus theresae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Isotomus,theresae,,,,,"(Pic, 1897)", 19672690,Ixalidium sjostedti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Ixalidium,sjostedti,,,,,"Kevan, 1950", 19672693,Ixalidium transiens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Ixalidium,transiens,,,,,"Ramme, 1929", 170847,Julica schmidtii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Julica,schmidtii,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)", 79076151,Kalophrynus barioensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,barioensis,,,,,"Matsui & Nishikawa, 201", 57835,Kalophrynus eok,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,eok,,,,,"Das & Haas, 2003", 57838,Kalophrynus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,intermedius,,,,,"Inger, 1966", 57847,Kalophrynus subterrestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kalophrynus,subterrestris,,,,,"Inger, 1966", 73727026,Kaloula latidisca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,latidisca,,,,,"Chan, Grismer & Brown, 2014",This is a split from the broader concept of K. baleata (Chan et al. 2014). 57856,Kaloula rigida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Kaloula,rigida,,,,,"Taylor, 1922",This is a species complex which may comprise at least two distinct evolutionary lineages (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 176530724,Pseudostegophilus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Pseudostegophilus,maculatus,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1879)", 56225,Kassina arboricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,arboricola,,,,,"Perret, 1985",We follow Perret (1985) and Rödel et al. (2002) in considering this to be a species distinct from Kassina cochranae. 135862,Kassina decorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYPEROLIIDAE,Kassina,decorata,,,,,"(Angel, 1940)","According to Amiet (2007), this species was removed from the synonymy of Kassina maculosa." 44512,Katria katria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Katria,katria,,,,,"(Reinthal & Stiassny, 1997)","This species previously appeared on The IUCN Red List under the name Ptychochromoides katria Reinthal & Stiassny, 1997." 172540,Kinyongia asheorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,asheorum,,,,,"Necas, Sindaco, Korený, Kopecná, Malonza & Modrý, 2009","Accepted as Kinyongia asheorum in Necas et al. (2009)." 176532311,Trichomycterus alterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,alterus,,,,,"(Marini, Nichols & LaMonte, 1933)", 156881,Kovacsia kovacsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Kovacsia,kovacsi,,,,,"(Varga & Pinter, 1972)",
 57509409,Kuhlia sauvagii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,KUHLIIDAE,Kuhlia,sauvagii,,,,,"Regan, 1913", 63289,Labeobarbus aeneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Labeobarbus,aeneus,,,,,"(Burchell, 1822)",This species cannot be distinguished from Labeobarbus kimberleyensis with mitochondrial DNA even though they seem to be morphologically distinct. More information is needed to assess whether hybridization is occurring between these sympatric species. 195538,Lagivala vivus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Lagivala,vivus,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 188308,Lamelligomphus biforceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,biforceps,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 168035,Lamelligomphus parvulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,parvulus,,,,,"Zhou & Li, 2000", 168055,Lamelligomphus ringens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lamelligomphus,ringens,,,,,"(Needham, 1930)","Originally described under the genus Onychogomphus Sélys 1854. Fraser (1922) originally established the genus Lamelligomphus. Following Carle (1986), Chao transferred many Chinese species, previously considered belonging to Onychogomphus, to Lamelligomphus." 171841,Lamprotula blaisei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,blaisei,,,,,"Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1905","Simpson (1900) listed the original combination as Unio (Quadrula) blaisei Dautzenberg and H. Fischer with a type locality as Bas Luc-Nam village of Van-Ien, Tonkin. Simpson (1914) listed this as Quadrula (Lamprotula) blaisei (Dautzenberg and H. Fischer,1905). Haas (1969) recognized the combination as Lamprotula blaisei and listed the distribution as Tonkin. Dang et al. (1980) lists this species from north Viet Nam and other data is from Cao Bang and Lang Son, Vietnam." 171842,Lamprotula contritus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,contritus,,,,,"Heude, 1881","Simpson (1900, 1914)  placed Unio contritus Heude , 1881 as a junior synonym of Quadrula (Lamprotula) caveata (Heude, 1877) combining three similarly shaped taxa from China. Haas (1969) listed Unio contritus Heude , 1881 with a type locality as streams north of Po-yang, Kien -te-hien, China and listed as a junior synonym of Lamprotula leai (Gray, 1834). Dang et al. (1980) recognized this as a valid species from Ha Tay and Bac Thai provinces." 171844,Lamprotula liedtkei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,liedtkei,,,,,"Rolle, 1904"," Simpson (1914) listed this species as Quadrula (Lamprotula) liedtkei  (Rolle, 1904) and the type locality as Riviere Claire, Tonkin, Vietnam. Haas (1969) used this species as a junior synonym of Mya nodulosa Wood, 1815 in the genus Lamprotula. Dang et al. (1980) recognized both L. liedtkei and L. nodulosa as separate valid species. There is taxonomic uncertainty about if this an distinct species or a synonym Lamprotula nodulosa (Wood) (Hass 1969)." 176539277,Trichomycterus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,tenuis,,,,,"Weyenbergh, 1877", 171845,Lamprotula nodulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lamprotula,nodulosa,,,,,"Wood, 1815","Simpson (1914) used Lamprotula nodulosa (Wood, 1815)  and Lamprotula liedtkei (Rolle, 1904) as a separate species. Haas (1969) placed L. liedtkei in the synonymy of L. nodulosa. Dang et al. (1980) recognized both as valid species." 171849,Lanceolaria bilirata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Lanceolaria,bilirata,,,,,"von Martens, 1902","It has been used as a subspecies of Lanceolaria oxyrhyncha Von Martens, 1902 of Japan (http://fada.biodiversity.be/) (Haas 1969)." 168357,Laubuka khujairokensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Laubuka,khujairokensis,,,,,"(Arunkumar, 2000)","Originally described under genus Chela as Chela khujairokensis by Arunkumar (2000). Placement under the genus Laubuca follows Pethiyagoda et al. (2008). Although they do not treat this species specifically (""species previously recognized as Chela Hamilton, 1822 from Sri Lanka are now recognized as belonging to the genus Laubuca""), they do restrict Chela as monotypic (only C. cachius). The current accepted name of the genus is Laubuka (Fricke et al. 2019)." 195542,Lauopa mbalavuana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Lauopa,mbalavuana,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 177653,Leiorhagium solemi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Leiorhagium,solemi,,,,,"Haase & Bouchet, 1998", 66082632,Leposoma scincoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Leposoma,scincoides,,,,,"Spix, 1825", 57542,Leptobrachella baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,baluensis,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 48101579,Leptobrachella bidoupensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,bidoupensis,,,,,"(Rowley, Le, Tran & Hoang, 2011)", 79076602,Leptobrachella dringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,dringi,,,,,"(Dubois, 1987)","This is a restricted concept of Leptobrachella dringi following the split of the broader concept into this, L. fritinniens (Dehling and Matsui 2013) and L. sabahmontana (Leptolalax sabahmontanus - Matsui et al. 2014).

This species was moved from Leptolalax to Leptobrachella (Chen et al. 2018)." 79076955,Leptobrachella gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,gracilis,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and L. platycephala (as Leptolalax platycephalus - Dehling 2012).

This species was moved from Leptolalax to Leptobrachella (Chen et al. 2018). 88322364,Leptobrachella hamidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,hamidi,,,,,"(Matsui, 1997)",This is a restricted concept of Leptobrachella hamidi (formerly Leptolalax) following the split of the broader concept into this and L. marmoratus (Matsui et al. 2014). 48101708,Leptobrachella melica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,melica,,,,,"(Rowley, Stuart, Thy & Emmett, 2010)", 89183610,Leptobrachella mjobergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,mjobergi,,,,,"Smith, 1925",This is a restricted concept following the recognition of Leptobrachella juliandringi as a separate species (Eto et al. 2015). 79076469,Leptobrachella sabahmontana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,sabahmontana,,,,,"(Matsui, Nishikawa & Yambun, 2014)",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptolalax dringi (Matsui et al. 2014). This species was moved from Leptolalax to Leptobrachella (Chen et al. 2018). 57548,Leptobrachella serasanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachella,serasanae,,,,,"Dring, 1984","Taxonomic work is required to verify whether both subpopulations belong to this species, or whether they belong to two different species (I. Das and Y.M. Pui pers. comm. March 2018)." 57553,Leptobrachium hainanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,hainanense,,,,,"Ye & Fei, 1993", 79076234,Leptobrachium kantonishikawai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,kantonishikawai,,,,,"Hamidy & Matsui, 2014",This is a split from the broader concept of Leptobrachium abbotti (Hamidy and Matsui 2014). 46255743,Leptobrachium leucops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,leucops,,,,,"Stuart, Rowley, Tran, Le & Hoang, 2011", 46256013,Leptobrachium lumadorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,lumadorum,,,,,"Brown, Siler, Diesmos & Alcala, 2010", 46256092,Leptobrachium mangyanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,mangyanorum,,,,,"Brown, Siler, Diesmos & Alcala, 2010", 47151415,Leptobrachium tagbanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Leptobrachium,tagbanorum,,,,,"Brown, Siler, Diesmos & Alcala, 2010","This species was confused with Leptobrachium hasseltii prior to its naming (Brown et al. 2010 ""2009"")" 54428,Leptodactylodon bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,bicolor,,,,,"Amiet, 1971", 54430,Leptodactylodon boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,boulengeri,,,,,"Nieden, 1910", 54431,Leptodactylodon bueanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptodactylodon,bueanus,,,,,"Amiet, 1981","Following Amiet and Dowsett-Lemaire (2000), Leptodactylodon bueanus is here treated as a separate species from L. albiventris (as opposed to a subspecies of L. albiventris following Amiet (1987))." 57153,Leptodactylus pascoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,pascoensis,,,,,"Heyer, 1994", 163770,Leptogomphus coomansi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,coomansi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1936", 163803,Leptogomphus pasia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,pasia,,,,,"van Tol, 1990", 122210185,Leptogomphus pendleburyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,pendleburyi,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1934", 125770083,Leptogomphus schieli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,schieli,,,,,"Dow, Stokvis & Ngiam, 2017", 122210242,Leptogomphus williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Leptogomphus,williamsoni,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1912",Females from Gunung Penrissen and the Matang Range in south-western Sarawak exhibit some morphological differences from typical L. williamsoni; males have not yet been collected west of the Lupar River in Sarawak. Dow et al. 2017 treated the south-western form as L. species cf williamsoni and noted that may it represent a distinct species. 56259,Leptopelis jordani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ARTHROLEPTIDAE,Leptopelis,jordani,,,,,"Parker, 1936","This species is not mentioned in the review of African treefrogs by Schiøtz (1999), nor in the Field Guide to the Amphibians of Central and Southern Africa by Channing (2001). It might not be a valid species (Schiøtz pers. comm.).

This species is only known from the original description (Parker, 1936), from a single female specimen of the escarpment forest of Kwanza Sul. It was considered as the escarpment forest representative of the widespread Leptopelis aubryi in the rain forest. Further research is needed to decide on the validity of this species." 88090756,Lestes auripennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LESTIDAE,Lestes,auripennis,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 84379900,Lestinogomphus obtusus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Lestinogomphus,obtusus,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 138082,Liatongus urus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Liatongus,urus,,,,,"Kolbe, 1914","The genus Liatongus Reitter 1893 shows a wide disjunct distribution in the Afrotropical, Oriental, eastern Palaeartic and western Nearctic regions. In the Afrotropical region, it is currently represented by fifteen valid species (ScarabNet 2009)." 22720310,Crithagra concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,concolor,,,,,"(Barboza du Bocage, 1888)","

Crithagra concolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Neospiza following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 122800611,Libellago daviesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,daviesi,,,,,"van Tol, 2007", 202048,Libellago orri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Libellago,orri,,,,,"Dow & Hämäläinen, 2008", 58326,Limnonectes acanthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,acanthi,,,,,"(Taylor, 1923)","Taxonomic studies are needed to determine the status of the various subpopulations of this species. The subpopulation on Mindoro Island is considered to be a different species to that of the other subpopulations in the Philippines, and further taxonomic work is required to verify its identity (A. Diesmos pers. comm. March 2018)." 42863484,Limnonectes ferneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,ferneri,,,,,"Siler, McVay, Diesmos & Brown, 2009", 58338,Limnonectes hascheanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,hascheanus,,,,,"(Stoliczka, 1870)","This form is a complex of more than one species (Dubois 1987), and further taxonomic work is required to fully delineate this species (Malaysia Red List Assessment Workshop January 2018). Subpopulations in northern Viet Nam and Lao People's Democratic Republic that were previously believed to have been Limnonectes hascheanus have now been assigned to Limnonectes limborgii (T. Nguyen pers. comm. October 2013)." 79077060,Limnonectes larvaepartus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,larvaepartus,,,,,"Iskandar, Evans & McGuire, 2014", 21648,Testudo hermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Testudo,hermanni,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","Two subspecies are currently recognized, T. h. hermanni and T. h. boettgeri (includes hercegovinensis)." 58353,Limnonectes magnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,magnus,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1909)","The Sulawesi subpopulations previously referred to this species belong to another Limnonectes species (Setiadi et al. 2011, Iskandar et al. 2014)." 58357,Limnonectes micrixalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,micrixalus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1923)", 143844904,Lithobates lenca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,lenca,,,,,"(Luque-Montes, Austin, Weinfurther, Wilson, Hofmann & Townsend, 2018)", 61880,Liuixalus hainanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Liuixalus,hainanus,,,,,"(Liu & Wu, 2004)", 58880,Liuixalus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Liuixalus,ocellatus,,,,,"(Liu & Hu, 1973)", 172494,Schistura striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,striatus,,,,,"(Day, 1867)",This species was originally described under the genus Nemacheilus by Day (1867) from the Wayanad. 22696111,Lophotriorchis kienerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Lophotriorchis,kienerii,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835)", 121973550,Losaria neptunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Losaria,neptunus,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1840)","This species was considered part of the coon species group within the Atrophaneura, which occurs from Assam and Hainan in the north to the Andaman Islands and Sumatra in the south (Hancock 1988). However, the species has been regarded within a separate genus, Balignina, by a number of authors (e.g. Page and Treadaway 2004). This, in turn, is considered a junior synonym of Losaria by some (e.g. LepIndex; Cotton et al. 2005). However, it is thought to be distinct in the structure of the antennae, wings and genitalia of both sexes (Page and Treadaway 2004). We retain the name Losaria in this assessment until further evidence.

This species has a number of subspecies: L. n. neptunus, L. n. doris, L. n. padanganus, L. n. creber, L. n. dacasini, L. n. siborangitana, and  L. n. matbai. Cotton et al. (2005) describe another subspecies, L. n. manasukkitti, found alongside L. n. neptunus in Thailand. The subspecies are all distributed around different regions of Malaysia, Burma, Sumatra and the Philippines. L. n. fehri, L. n. sumatrana are generally considered varieties rather than subspecies (Cotton et al. 2005)." 156381,Lozekia deubeli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Lozekia,deubeli,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1890)",The taxonomic status of the species was clarified by Fehér et al. (2009a) and Fehér et al. (2009b). 156312,Lozekia transsilvanica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Lozekia,transsilvanica,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1876)","The correct spelling of the specific name is ""transsilvanica"" (Fehér et al. 2009)." 185152,Lupinoblennius paivai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,BLENNIIDAE,Lupinoblennius,paivai,,,,,"(Pinto, 1958)", 192047,Lycodon rosozonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,rosozonatus,,,,,"(Hu & Zhao, 1972)", 172975,Lycodryas gaimardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,gaimardi,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","Stenophis gaimardi was reassigned to Lycodryas by Nagy et al. (2010). The relationship of this species with L. carleti (the validity of which is uncertain - Glaw and Vences 2007) needs further investigation. Nagy et al. (2010) report a form they describe as S. sp. aff. gaimardi, found to be related to S. citrinus. This form is not included in the present account." 172775,Lygodactylus guibei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,guibei,,,,,"Pasteur, 1965","

There are no distinct morphological or meristic differences between Andasibe and Ambohitantely populations, but further genetic study is needed to establish whether Lygodactylus guibei represents a single species (Puente et al. 2009).

" 172956,Lygodactylus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)","

Additional genetic comparisons are needed between specimens from Nosy Be and the mainland to determine the status of Lygodactylus madagascariensis petteri at Montagne d'Ambre, and some morphological differences between this subpopulation and that from Manongarivo have been reported (Glaw and Vences 2007, Puente et al. 2009).

" 190860,Lyriothemis magnificata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,magnificata,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 169161,Lyriothemis mortoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Lyriothemis,mortoni,,,,,"Ris, 1919", 195544,Maafu thaumasius,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Maafu,thaumasius,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 174546,Macromia arachnomima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,arachnomima,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 167109,Macromia clio,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,clio,,,,,"Ris, 1916","Macromia clio Ris, 1916 was described from a single female collected from Taiwan and Macromia hamifera was described by Lieftinck (1955) from a single male collected from Fujian. When Wilson (1998) described the first female M. hamifera from Guangxi it became apparent that M. hamifera and M. clio might be conspecific. Wilson and Reels (2001) subsequently synonymised the two species when it was discovered from examination of specimens from mainland China and Taiwan that both shared a tiny nipple-like protuberance at the anterior part of the dividing groove on the dorsum of the frons. Matsuki and Lien (1982) described the larvae and its habitats. Wilson and Reels (2001) also stated they considered Macromia macula Zhou et al., 1994, described from Zhejiang Province was likely to be a synonym." 147472993,Macromia lachesis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,lachesis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1971", 174552,Macromia septima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Macromia,septima,,,,,"Martin, 1904", 174554,Macromidia genialis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Macromidia,genialis,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1923","Two taxa, M.  erratica Lieftinck, 1948 and M. shanensis Fraser, 1927, are variously treated as subspecies or synonyms of M. genialis. M. erratica at least differs consistently from M. genialis in colouration, and probably deserves at least subspecific status. For the purposes of this assessment both are treated as subspecies." 172842,Madascincus mouroundavae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Madascincus,mouroundavae,,,,,"(Grandidier, 1872)","The habitat at the type locality, Morondava, is very different from that occupied by skinks attributed to this species elsewhere in its range. Recent taxonomic study of the holotype has established that it is conspecific with Madascincus moroundavae from elsewhere in Madagascar, but it is unclear whether this specimen was in fact collected at Morondava or whether the type locality is in error (M. Vences pers. comm. May 2011), and it may be that this species does not actually occur at Morondava." 177593,Madgeaconcha sevathiani,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,CYCLOPHORIDAE,Madgeaconcha,sevathiani,,,,,"Griffiths & Florens, 2004", 88090398,Malgassogomphus robinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Malgassogomphus,robinsoni,,,,,"Cammaerts, 1987", 136048,Mantidactylus noralottae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Mantidactylus,noralottae,,,,,"Mercurio & Andreone, 2007",Candidate species from the subgenus Brygoomantis (see Vieites et al. 2009 and Wollenberg et al. 2011) are not considered in this assessment (F. Glaw pers. comm. May 2016). 156524,Mastus bielzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Mastus,bielzi,,,,,"(M. von Kimakowicz, 1890)",According to the Fauna Europaea there are two valid subspecies: Mastus bielzi bielzi and Mastus bielzi traxleri (M. von Kimakowicz 1890).


190824,Megalogomphus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Megalogomphus,sumatranus,,,,,"(Krüger, 1899)","

Dow & Price (2020) synonymised Megalogomphus icterops (Martin, 1903) with M. sumatranus (Krüger, 1899) but separated Bornean populations that had been treated as M. icterops as M. borneensis (Laidlaw, 1914) and those that had been treated as M. sumatranus as M. buddi Dow & Price, 2020.

" 57580,Megophrys ligayae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,ligayae,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Megophrys montana by Iskandar (1998), where it had been placed by Inger (1954)." 57578,Megophrys edwardinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,edwardinae,,,,,"Inger, 1989","This species has been moved from the genus Borneophrys to Megophrys, following the synonymy of the former genus with the latter by Chen et al. (2016)." 57583,Megophrys stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MEGOPHRYIDAE,Megophrys,stejnegeri,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)","This species was removed from the synonymy of Megophrys montana by Iskandar (1998), where it had been placed previously by Inger (1954)." 83127155,Melanesobasis mcleani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Melanesobasis,mcleani,,,,,"Donnelly, 1984", 184678,Melanoides depravata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Melanoides,depravata,,,,,"(Dupuis & Putzeys, 1900)", 79096095,Meristogenys amoropalamus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Meristogenys,amoropalamus,,,,,"(Matsui, 1986)",This is a restricted concept of Meristogenys amoropalamus following the split of the broader concept into this and Meristogenys dyscritus (Shimada et al. 2011). Shimada et al. (2011) provided molecular evidence for at least three cryptic species in addition to nominal Meristogenys amoropalamus. 122149837,Metagrion trigonale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Metagrion,trigonale,,,,,"(Theischinger & Richards, 2008)", 57872,Metaphrynella sundana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Metaphrynella,sundana,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","This genus is thought to be in the same clade as Phrynella and further investigation into this matter should be undertaken (D. Iskandar pers. comm. May 2017)." 163925,Metaphya tillyardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Metaphya,tillyardi,,,,,"Ris, 1913","In older literature as Anacordulia tillyardi. Anacordulia stuberi Lieftinck, 1938 and Anacordulia maccullochi Tillyard, 1926 are normally considered to be junior synonyms of Metaphya tillyardi, following Lieftinck (1961). However M. stuberi is still listed as a separate species in the World Odonata List on 15 April 2015 (Schorr and Paulson 2015). For assessment purposes M. stuberi is treated as a synonym of M. tillyardi." 115867472,Metriaclima pambazuko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Metriaclima,pambazuko,,,,,"Stauffer, Black & Konings, 2013", 190799,Microgomphus chelifer,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Microgomphus,chelifer,,,,,"Selys, 1858","

A subspecies, Microgomphus chelifer thelyphonus Lieftinck, 1929 is known from Java, but some specimens from Thailand and Malaysia have been identified as this subspecies in the Japanese literature (e.g. Asahina 1990, Kitagawa 1997). As most records are of females, often freshly emerged, or of larvae, which are extremely difficult to identify to species, considerable doubt must remain over what species or subspecies is really referred to in many records. As pointed out in Hämäläinen and Pinratana (1999, note 28), the chelifer-group of species is in need of revision.

" 57885,Microhyla mixtura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,mixtura,,,,,"Liu & Hu, 1966", 57894,Microhyla superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,superciliaris,,,,,"Parker, 1928","This species might be synonymous with Microhyla palmipes (see Berry 1975). However, Iskandar (pers. comm.) considers that it is a separate species." 160072,Micropentila bunyoro,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Micropentila,bunyoro,,,,,"Stempffer & Bennett, 1965", 64021,Micrurus diastema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,diastema,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 159920,Mimacraea darwinia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Mimacraea,darwinia,,,,,"Butler, 1872",

 The original concept of the species was recently split into three distinct species by Libert (2000) during a genus revision.

156484,Monachoides bacescui,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monachoides,bacescui,,,,,"Grossu, 1979", 156315,Monachoides kosovoensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monachoides,kosovoensis,,,,,"De Winter & Maassen, 1992", 157023,Monachoides vicinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Monachoides,vicinus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1842)",


156951,Monilearia arguineguinensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Monilearia,arguineguinensis,,,,,"(Seddon & Aparicio, 1998)","This is a replacement name for Helix canariensis Mousson, 1872 (see Seddon and Aparicio 1998)." 189425,Morrisonietta acicula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,PYRAMIDELLIDAE,Morrisonietta,acicula,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 189619,Morrisonietta bandonensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PYLOPULMONATA,PYRAMIDELLIDAE,Morrisonietta,bandonensis,,,,,"Brandt, 1968",This species is in need of taxonomic review. 122150596,Mortonagrion indraneil,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Mortonagrion,indraneil,,,,,"Dow, 2011", 86883967,Mycetochara flavipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,flavipennis,,,,,"Reitter, 1908", 87329429,Mycetochara melandryina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,melandryina,,,,,"Roubal, 1934", 86884153,Mycetochara obscura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,obscura,,,,,"(Zetterstedt, 1838)", 86884223,Mycetochara roubali,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,roubali,,,,,"Maran, 1935", 87327788,Mycetochara straussii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,straussii,,,,,"Seidlitz, 1896", 86884323,Mycetochara thoracica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TENEBRIONIDAE,Mycetochara,thoracica,,,,,"(Gredler, 1854)", 161080,Mylothris polychroma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,polychroma,,,,,"Berger, 1981", 160393,Mylothris talboti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Mylothris,talboti,,,,,"Berger, 1980", 160404,Myrina sharpei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Myrina,sharpei,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1906","This species is split into the two subspecies Myrina sharpei sharpei and M. sharpei fontainei." 68441316,Myrmecophilus hirticaudus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MYRMECOPHILIDAE,Myrmecophilus,hirticaudus,,,,,"Fischer von Waldheim, 1846", 174492,Mystus dibrugarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,BAGRIDAE,Mystus,dibrugarensis,,,,,(Chaudhuri 1913),"Mystus dibrugarensis was described from Dibrugarh, Assam (which is situated along the Brahmaputra River) as a subspecies of M. montanus by Chaudhuri (1913). Although it is regarded as a junior synonym of M. montanus in many accounts (e.g. Jayaram and Sanyal 2003; Ferraris 2007), the latter species is restricted to southern India (in the Cauvery River drainage) and differs from M. dibrugarensis in having a longer adipose-fin base and a more diffuse spot on the caudal peduncle." 86859989,Nacerdes hesperica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Nacerdes,hesperica,,,,,"(Magistretti, 1941)", 54616,Nannophryne corynetes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Nannophryne,corynetes,,,,,"(Duellman and Ochoa, 1991)", 202047,Nannophyopsis chalcosoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophyopsis,chalcosoma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1935", 156719,Napaeus moquinianus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,moquinianus,,,,,"(Webb & Berthelot, 1833)", 14336,Napaeus nanodes,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,nanodes,,,,,"Shuttleworth, 1852", 156425,Napaeus osoriensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,osoriensis,,,,,"(Wollaston, 1878)", 172357,Nemacheilus mooreh,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,mooreh,,,,,"(Sykes, 1839)","Nemacheilus mooreh was described by Sykes (1839) from Deccan, India. 
Nemacheilus sinuatus (Day 1870) and N. aureus (Day 1872) are considered junior synonyms of this species.
" 166484,Nemacheilus pavonaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,pavonaceus,,,,,(McClelland 1839),"McClelland (1839) described Cobitis pavonacea from Assam. Grant (2007) placed the species under Nemacheilus." 91175446,Nemacheilus tuberigum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Nemacheilus,tuberigum,,,,,"Hadiaty & Siebert, 2001", 188085,Neolissochilus blanci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,blanci,,,,,"(Pellegrin & Fang, 1940)","The species level taxonomy of several species of Neolissochilus is unclear. This species is often referred to as N. stracheyi, which was originally described from Moulmein, Myanmar and is known from the Salween and Irrawaddy drainages. Neolissochilus blanci from the Mekong drainage is a distinct species; the Neolissochilus from the Chao Phraya drainage apparently belongs to the same species (M, Kottelat pers. comm. 2011)." 166454,Neolissochilus hexastichus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Neolissochilus,hexastichus,,,,,"(McClelland, 1839)", 161038,Neptidopsis fulgurata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptidopsis,fulgurata,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1833)","This butterfly has the two subspecies N. fulgurata fulgurata and N. fulgurata platyptera." 159878,Neptis nicoteles,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,nicoteles,,,,,"Hewitson, 1874 ", 83127554,Nesobasis caerulescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,caerulescens,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 83128301,Nesobasis monticola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Nesobasis,monticola,,,,,"Donnelly, 1990", 158522,Nesocordulia malgassica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Nesocordulia,malgassica,,,,,"Fraser, 1956",The genus Nesocordulia needs revision. 88090365,Nesocordulia mascarenica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Nesocordulia,mascarenica,,,,,"Fraser, 1948", 88090392,Nesocordulia spinicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Nesocordulia,spinicauda,,,,,"Martin, 1903", 59748,Nesocordulia villiersi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,NOT ASSIGNED,Nesocordulia,villiersi,,,,,"Legrand, 1984", 88087761,Nesolestes albicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,albicauda,,,,,"Fraser, 1952", 88087825,Nesolestes alboterminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,alboterminatus,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 176666631,Leporinus ecuadorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,ANOSTOMIDAE,Leporinus,ecuadorensis,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1916", 176666732,Chinchaysuyoa labiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Chinchaysuyoa,labiata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 176667557,Astroblepus chimborazoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,chimborazoi,,,,,"(Fowler, 1915)",It is important to note that the systematics of the genus Astroblepus are currently under investigation due to the high cryptic diversity that the genus presents (P. Arguello and R. Barriga pers. comm. 2021). Changes to species concepts and the description of new species may warrant reassessment as more information becomes available. 66600035,Astroblepus simonsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASTROBLEPIDAE,Astroblepus,simonsii,,,,,"(Regan, 1904)",It is important to note that the systematics of the genus Astroblepus are currently under investigation due to the high cryptic diversity that the genus presents (P. Arguello and R. Barriga pers. comm. 2021). Changes to species concepts and the description of new species may warrant reassessment as more information becomes available. 176667871,Brycon atrocaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,atrocaudatus,,,,,"(Kner, 1863)", 176667916,Chilobrycon deuterodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Chilobrycon,deuterodon,,,,,"Géry & de Rham, 1981", 176667967,Paracetopsis atahualpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Paracetopsis,atahualpa,,,,,"Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005", 176668001,Paracetopsis bleekeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Paracetopsis,bleekeri,,,,,"Bleeker, 1862", 176668166,Eretmobrycon festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,festae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 176668481,Eretmobrycon brevirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,brevirostris,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 176668927,Bryconamericus bucayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Bryconamericus,bucayensis,,,,,"Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate, 2013", 66597300,Eretmobrycon peruanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Eretmobrycon,peruanus,,,,,"(Müller & Troschel, 1845)", 176669626,Iotabrycon praecox,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Iotabrycon,praecox,,,,,"Roberts, 1973", 176669675,Landonia latidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Landonia,latidens,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1914", 176670462,Phenacobrycon henni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacobrycon,henni,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1914)", 176670609,Rhoadsia altipinna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Rhoadsia,altipinna,,,,,"Fowler, 1911", 64791028,Andinoacara rivulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,rivulatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 64791053,Andinoacara stalsbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,stalsbergi,,,,,"Musilová, Schindler & Staeck, 2009","

Andinoacara stalsbergi is distinguished from its sister species A. rivulatus by the possession of a white margin along the dorsal and caudal fin, and scales with light centres and contrasting dark marginal lines that form a fine reticulated pattern on the side of the body (Musilová et al. 2009).

" 176673042,Pseudocurimata boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Pseudocurimata,boulengeri,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1907)", 176673279,Pseudocurimata peruana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Pseudocurimata,peruana,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1922)", 176675286,Pseudocurimata troschelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Pseudocurimata,troschelii,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 49830534,Pimelodella yuncensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,HEPTAPTERIDAE,Pimelodella,yuncensis,,,,,"Steindachner, 1902", 66598843,Lebiasina aureoguttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,aureoguttata,,,,,"(Fowler, 1911)", 176675515,Lebiasina bimaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,LEBIASINIDAE,Lebiasina,bimaculata,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847", 176675557,Ancistrus clementinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,clementinae,,,,,"Rendahl, 1937", 176675621,Chaetostoma microps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Chaetostoma,microps,,,,,"Günther, 1864","Future taxonomic research will be necessary to clarify the distribution of this species, given uncertainty regarding the specific status of trans-Andean and cis-Andean populations (P. Arguello pers. comm. 2021)." 66601846,Transancistrus santarosensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Transancistrus,santarosensis,,,,,"(Tan & Armbruster, 2012)","

Range extent and systematic relationship to close relatives are still unclear. Given subtle variations in colour throughout the Pacific slope range of Transancistrus, the need to collect additional morphometric and meristic data from a large number of specimens, and the value of also incorporating population-level molecular genetic methods to more precisely delimit species, Lujan et al. (2015) defer a formal re-description of T. aequinoctialis and T. santarosensis until more data and specimens are available. Formal re-descriptions of these species concepts may result in non-genuine changes in range extent that could warrant reassessment.

" 176676647,Isorineloricaria spinosissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Isorineloricaria,spinosissima,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1880)", 176676754,Saccodon terminalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Saccodon,terminalis,,,,,"(Eigenmann & Henn, 1914)", 176676853,Saccodon wagneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PARODONTIDAE,Saccodon,wagneri,,,,,"Kner, 1863", 176676947,Pseudopoecilia festae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Pseudopoecilia,festae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 176677054,Ichthyoelephas humeralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,PROCHILODONTIDAE,Ichthyoelephas,humeralis,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)", 176677373,Microglanis variegatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PSEUDOPIMELODIDAE,Microglanis,variegatus,,,,,"Eigenmann & Henn, 1914", 176677436,Sternopygus arenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,STERNOPYGIDAE,Sternopygus,arenatus,,,,,"(Eydoux & Souleyet, 1850)", 22690138,Columba thomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,thomensis,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1888", 176727988,Cetopsis aspis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CETOPSIDAE,Cetopsis,aspis,,,,,"Abrahão, Mol & de Pinna, 2019", 176728040,Guyanancistrus brownsbergensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,brownsbergensis,,,,,"Mol, Fisch-Muller & Covain, 2018", 176728071,Guyanancistrus megastictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,megastictus,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Mol & Covain, 2018", 176728110,Guyanancistrus nassauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,nassauensis,,,,,"Mol, Fisch-Muller & Covain, 2018", 176728154,Guyanancistrus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,tenuis,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Mol & Covain, 2018", 176728198,Guyanancistrus teretirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Guyanancistrus,teretirostris,,,,,"Fisch-Muller, Mol & Covain, 2018", 88087866,Nesolestes forficuloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,forficuloides,,,,,"Fraser, 1955", 158492,Nesolestes mariae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,mariae,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968",The genus Nesolestes needs revision. 158530,Nesolestes martini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,martini,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951",The genus Nesolestes needs revision. 59749,Nesolestes pauliani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,pauliani,,,,,"Fraser, 1951",This species known from the type male only. The genus Nesolestes needs revision. 88087972,Nesolestes radama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,radama,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 158535,Nesolestes ranavalona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,ranavalona,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951",The genus Nesolestes needs revision. 88087978,Nesolestes robustus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,robustus,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 88088193,Nesolestes rubristigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Nesolestes,rubristigma,,,,,"Martin, 1903", 197019,Notarius neogranatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Notarius,neogranatensis,,,,,"(Acero P. & Betancur-R., 2002)","This is a recently described species. It was originally placed in the genus Arius. A revised (unified) nomenclature for Ariidae is currently underway (R. Betancur pers. comm. 2014)." 113770157,Nothophryne broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PYXICEPHALIDAE,Nothophryne,broadleyi,,,,,"Poynton, 1963","This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this, Nothophryne baylissi, and N. ribauensis (Conradie et al. 2018)." 169436,Notoglanidium boutchangai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,CLAROTEIDAE,Notoglanidium,boutchangai,,,,,"(Thys van den Audenaerde, 1965)", 51061021,Nototriton picucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,picucha,,,,,"Townsend, Medina-Flores, Murillo & Austin, 2011", 51061032,Nototriton tomamorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Nototriton,tomamorum,,,,,"Townsend, Butler, Wilson & Austin, 2010", 26156,Nyctixalus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Nyctixalus,spinosus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1920)",Sivongxay et al. (2016) maintain this species as Nyctixalus spinosus. 54966,Nymphargus ignotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,ignotus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1990)",It is considered as a species complex (W. Bolívar pers comm. 2016). 88380390,Nymphargus mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,mariae,,,,,"(Duellman & Toft, 1979)",Nymphargus puyoensis has been synonymized under this species by Cisneros-Heredia and Guayasamin (2014). 58406,Occidozyga baluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,baluensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1896)",A taxonomic review of the specimens assigned to this taxon (especially those of Sumatran origin) is recommended. 41225,Occidozyga diminutiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,diminutiva,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)", 58414,Occidozyga semipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Occidozyga,semipalmata,,,,,"Smith, 1927","A recent expedition to the eastern peninsula of Sulawesi recorded a species that is presumably closely related to Occidozyga semipalmata, however due to issues regarding its generic position, it remains undescribed (Iskandar et al. 2011)." 22690351,Columba malherbii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,malherbii,,,,,"Verreaux & Verreaux, 1851", 156595,Odontocyclas kokeilii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ODONTOCYCLADIDAE,Odontocyclas,kokeilii,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)",


1093,Ambystoma lermaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,lermaense,,,,,"(Taylor, 1940)",Additional work differentiating this species from nearby populations of Ambystoma velasci is needed (Shaffer and McKnight 1996). 59070,Ambystoma taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,taylori,,,,,"Brandon, Maruska & Rumph, 1982","Based on both allozymes and mtDNA, this is a very distinctive salamander (H.B. Shaffer pers. comm.). The Ambystoma salamanders occurring in other natural lakes around Alchichica are not closely related to this species." 59051,Ambystoma andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,andersoni,,,,,"Krebs & Brandon, 1984","Based on both allozymes and mtDNA, this is one of the more differentiated of the Mexican Ambystoma species; morphologically, it has evolved a superficially similar body plan to the distantly related A. dumerilii from Lago Pátzcuaro (H.B. Shaffer pers. comm.)." 54605,Incilius cavifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Incilius,cavifrons,,,,,"(Firschein, 1950)", 59391,Aquiloeurycea praecellens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Aquiloeurycea,praecellens,,,,,"(Rabb, 1955)","This species was previously within the genus Pseudoeurycea but has recently been moved to the genus Aquiloeurycea (Rovito et al. 2015). The species has not been seen since the 1940s and is only known from the type locality, which is somewhat vague and now seems to all be converted to sugarcane fields (S. Rovito pers. comm. October 2019)." 59228,Chiropterotriton mosaueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,mosaueri,,,,,"(Woodall, 1941)", 59287,Ixalotriton niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Ixalotriton,niger,,,,,"Wake & Johnson, 1989", 59366,Pseudoeurycea altamontana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,altamontana,,,,,"(Taylor, 1939)", 59370,Pseudoeurycea aurantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,aurantia,,,,,"Canseco-Máquez & Parra-Olea, 2003", 59290,Pseudoeurycea orchimelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,orchimelas,,,,,"(Brodie, Mendelson & Campbell, 2002)","There is a question as to whether both Pseudoeurycea orchileucos and Pseudoeurycea orchimelas are distinct, valid species." 61910,Pseudoeurycea papenfussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudoeurycea,papenfussi,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-París, Hanken & Wake, 2005",Specimens of this species have been included in Pseudoeurycea smithi by some previous authors (Parra-Olea et al. 2005). 16084359,Odontopodisma fallax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,fallax,,,,,"Ramme, 1951","As there are no differences between this species and O. rammei, the latter represents a junior synonym of O. fallax and synonymization of both taxa is necessary (J. Skejo pers. comm. 2015). There are differences in the altitudinal and habitat preferences (at 1,600-1,750 m altitude in Velebit Mountain and down to 200 m in the northern part of its distribution) of some subpopulations of O. fallax. Although the slight morphological differences suggest a possible taxonomic subdivision (G. Szovenyi pers. comm. 2015), they actually seem to highlight the high morphological variability of the species." 15125,Odontopodisma montana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Odontopodisma,montana,,,,,"Kis, 1962", 149335691,Oedipina gephyra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,gephyra,,,,,"McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1993", 51146806,Oedipina petiola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,petiola,,,,,"McCranie & Townsend, 2011","The sister taxon of, and previously confused with, Oedipina gephrya according to the original publication (Frost 2013)." 158892,Oligoclada xanthopleura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Oligoclada,xanthopleura,,,,,"Borror, 1931", 157100,Oligolimax apatelus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Oligolimax,apatelus,,,,,"(Soos, 1924)","According to Hausdorf (2002), this species belongs to the genus Semilimax. According to Dhora and Welter-Schultes (1996) its systematic position is unclear." 195554,Omphalotropis circumlineata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,circumlineata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)", 195557,Omphalotropis longula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,longula,,,,,"Mousson, 1870", 195560,Omphalotropis rosea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,rosea,,,,,"(Gould, 1852)", 195561,Omphalotropis subsoluta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Omphalotropis,subsoluta,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)", 138259,Ontherus androgynus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,androgynus,,,,,"Génier, 1996","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 137663,Ontherus erosioides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Ontherus,erosioides,,,,,"Luederwaldt, 1930","The genus Ontherus was revised by Génier (1996). Its consists approximately of 60 species that are distributed throughout continental tropical and subtropical Latin America. However, the greater diversity of the group occurs in southeastern Brazil and the Andes (Génier 1996). The species that compose the genus are divided into three subgenera: Caelontherus, Planontherus and Ontherus." 88090480,Onychogomphus vadoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,vadoni,,,,,"Paulian, 1960", 190805,Onychothemis culminicola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Onychothemis,culminicola,,,,,"Förster, 1904","

A subspecies, Onychothemis culminicola celebensis Ris, 1912 is known from Sulawesi.

" 15362,Ophiogomphus acuminatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Ophiogomphus,acuminatus,,,,,"Carle, 1981", 17046338,Orchamus kaltenbachi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Orchamus,kaltenbachi,,,,,"Massa, 2009", 190909,Orchithemis pruinans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orchithemis,pruinans,,,,,"(Selys, 1878)", 122881667,Orchithemis xanthosoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orchithemis,xanthosoma,,,,,"Laidlaw, 1911", 15441,Orconectes hartfieldi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Orconectes,hartfieldi,,,,,"Fitzpatrick & Suttkus, 1992","

Individuals of this species from drainages near the known range may represent undocumented variation within this species or a new species.  For example, no Orconectes (Hespericambarus) spp. have a described range including the Pearl River drainage, so the one female O. (Hespericambarus) sp. collected in that drainage cannot be definitively identified (S. Adams, pers. comm. 2009).

" 156664,Orcula dobrogica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,dobrogica,,,,,"(Grossu, 1986)","According to www.animalbase.org ""this species was classified by R. Bank in the Fauna Europaea checklist (www.faunaeur.org 7-2008) in the genus Orcula (possibly without any published reference behind), Grossu had originally described it in the genus Sphyradium. We follow Bank and classify it preliminarily in Orcula. More research is necessary." 156965,Orcula jetschini,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,jetschini,,,,,"M. von Kimakowicz, 1883", 156985,Orcula schmidtii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,schmidtii,,,,,"(Küster, 1843)","According to Fauna Europaea and Hausdorf (1987) this species is comprised of two distinct subspecies: Orcula schmidtii schmidtii and O. schmidtii transversalis Westerlund, 1894.


" 156819,Orcula zilchi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Orcula,zilchi,,,,,"Urbanski, 1960","The anatomical structure of the species is unknown, therefore the generic status of the species is questionable (Hausdorf 1996)." 87763480,Oreobates amarakaeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Oreobates,amarakaeri,,,,,"Padial, Chaparro, Castroviejo-Fisher, Guayasamin, Lehr, Delgado, Vaira, Teixeira, Aguayo-Vedia & De la Riva, 2012", 57903,Oreophryne anulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Oreophryne,anulata,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1908)", 26210,Aphantophryne nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Aphantophryne,nana,,,,,"(Brown & Alcala, 1967)",We acknowledge the discussion in Sanguila et al. (2016) regarding the morphological variation in Oreophryne species and maintain the restricted range of this species on the island of Camiguin (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 163624,Orthetrum borneense,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,borneense,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936", 119049449,Orthetrum lugubre,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,lugubre,,,,,"Ris, 1915", 84380657,Orthetrum umbratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,umbratum,,,,,"Dijkstra & Mézière, 2015", 89808701,Oryzias javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,javanicus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1854)", 90980832,Oryzias nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BELONIFORMES,ADRIANICHTHYIDAE,Oryzias,nebulosus,,,,,"Parenti & Soeroto, 2004", 198796,Ouagapia perryi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Ouagapia,perryi,,,,,"(E.A. Smith, 1897)","

There has been no systematic revision of Pacific Island Rhytididae beyond the commentary by Solem (1959).

Solem (1962) suggested that in the absence of comparative study, material from Gaua (Banks Islands), Mota Island (Vanuatu) and Rotuma Island should be regarded as conspecific. While such great geographic dispersion over several disparate archipelagos in Rhytididae is likely to be associated with species level differentiation, Solem's view is accepted here pending revision of the Pacific Rhytididae. Christensen and Kirch (1981) recorded a rhytidid from archaeological sites on Tikopia Island in the southeastern Solomon Islands under the name Ouagapia perryi (Smith 1897), although this identification requires confirmation." 198797,Ouagapia ratusukuni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,RHYTIDIDAE,Ouagapia,ratusukuni,,,,,"Cooke, 1942",

There has been no systematic revision of Pacific Island Rhytididae beyond the commentary by Solem (1959).

15768,Oxychilus agostinhoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,OXYCHILIDAE,Oxychilus,agostinhoi,,,,,"Frias Martins, 1981", 160410,Oxylides faunus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Oxylides,faunus,,,,,"(Drury, 1773)","This butterfly consists of the two subspecies O. faunus faunus and O. faunus camerunica." 171102,Oxyloma pinteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,SUCCINEIDAE,Oxyloma,pinteri,,,,,"Grossu, 1987",The taxonomy of Succineidae is not resolved. Much more research is necessary to understand the morphological and geographic boundaries of the nominal species. 171855,Oxynaia diespiter,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Oxynaia,diespiter,,,,,"Mabille, 1887", 171857,Oxynaia jourdyi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Oxynaia,jourdyi,,,,,"Morelet, 1886","" 2375,Pachliopta atropos,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,atropos,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1888)","This species is part of the phlegon pecies group within the Pachliopta (Racheli and Cotton 2010). It had previously been listed as in the polydorus group of Atrophaneura by Hancock (1988)." 121972240,Pachliopta leytensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Pachliopta,leytensis,,,,,"(Murayama, 1978)","This species was previously thought to be synonymous with Atrophaneura phegeus, for example in Collins and Morris (1985). However, phegeus was found to be invalid by Kocak (1983) and substituted the name buraki. However, leytensis takes precendence, with buraki a synonym of leytensis (Treadaway 1995).Since then the subgenus Pachliopta has since been elevated to full genus level by many authorities (e.g. GLoBIS; Treadaway 1995), and we follow this here." 135431279,Pachycypha aurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Pachycypha,aurea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1950", 15891,Palaina albata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,albata,,,,,"(Beddome, 1889)", 15898,Palaina patula,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,patula,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 15899,Palaina platycheilus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,platycheilus,,,,,"(Beddome, 1889)", 15900,Palaina pupa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,pupa,,,,,"(Semper, 1866)", 15902,Palaina rubella,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,rubella,,,,,"(Beddome, 1889)", 15904,Palaina strigata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ARCHITAENIOGLOSSA,DIPLOMMATINIDAE,Palaina,strigata,,,,,"(Crosse, 1866)", 160033,Palla violinitens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Palla,violinitens,,,,,"(Crowley, 1890)","

This butterfly has the three subspecies P. violinitens violinitens, P. violinitens coniger and P. violinitens bwamba.

" 15923,Palline notera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Palline,notera,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 180765,Pangasius elongatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,PANGASIIDAE,Pangasius,elongatus,,,,,"Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels, 2002", 147332701,Papuagrion auriculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,auriculatum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 147332763,Papuagrion degeneratum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,degeneratum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 147385407,Papuagrion fraterculum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Papuagrion,fraterculum,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1937", 16033,Papustyla pulcherrima,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CAMAENIDAE,Papustyla,pulcherrima,,,,,"Rensch, 1931",Papuina pulcherrima is used by online communities attempting to avoid detection and for this reason it is an active synonym. 88092686,Paracnemis alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Paracnemis,alluaudi,,,,,"Martin, 1903", 84380875,Paragomphus lemperti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Paragomphus,lemperti,,,,,"Dijkstra & Papazian, 2015", 44697976,Paranocarodes chopardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PAMPHAGIDAE,Paranocarodes,chopardi,,,,,"Peshev, 1965", 172331,Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Parapsilorhynchus,tentaculatus,,,,,"(Annandale, 1919)","Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus was originally described as Psilorhynchus tentaculatus by Annandale (1919) from Khandala near Pune and Yenna River at Medha in the Satara district, Maharashtra. Hora (1921) changed the generic status of the fish to Parapsilorhynchus.

This species is also recorded from Godavari river in Satpura hill ranges and Eastern Ghats. This wide distribution and isolated records suggests that there is a need to evaluate the taxonomic identity of this species. It is possible that the species known as Parapsilorhynchus tentaculatus is in fact a species complex. Further taxonomic studies aided with molecular phylogeny are essential to resolve this problem." 172921,Parastenophis betsileanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Parastenophis,betsileanus,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)","Parastenophis, previously a subgenus of Stenophis containing only S. betsileana, was elevated to a full genus by Nagy et al. (2010) in their revision of Stenophis and Lycodryas." 40706,Paretroplus damii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,damii,,,,,"Bleeker, 1868",Note correction to scientific spelling of dami to damii. Added to synonyms table. 44500,Paretroplus tsimoly,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Paretroplus,tsimoly,,,,,"Stiassny, Chakrabarty & Loiselle, 2001", 110618658,Parides gundlachianus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Parides,gundlachianus,,,,,"(Felder & Felder, 1864)",There are two recognised subspecies: P. g. gundlachianus (Felder and Felder 1864) and P. g. alayoi (Hernández et al. 1995). 172898,Paroedura lohatsara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,lohatsara,,,,,"Glaw, Vences & Schmidt, 2001", 172883,Paroedura masobe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,masobe,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1994",


172793,Paroedura oviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,oviceps,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)", 161744,Pateobatis jenkinsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Pateobatis,jenkinsii,,,,,"(Annandale, 1909)","Last et al. (2016) described the genus Pateobatis, consisting of five medium-size to very large, marine whiprays previously placed in Himantura (including jenkinsii).

This species has probably been misidentified as Himantura (=Pateobatis) fai in the literature (W. White pers. obs). More specimens of both this species and of H. draco from South Africa need to be examined to resolve the taxonomic status of this species. Presently, H. draco is considered a synonym of P. jenkinsii. The South African species had dark spots along the posterior margin of the disc, but this form has also been reported from the Arafura Sea and off Sumatra in Indonesia. It is possible that these may in fact be colour forms of the same species. Examples of specimens with dark spots along the posterior margin of the disc are from the Arafura Sea, Sumatra (Last and Stevens 1994, Fahmi pers. obs. 2007), and from western Sri Lanka (Morón et al. 1998, Manjaji 2004), and the Sulu Sea (B.M. Manjaji-Matsumoto pers. obs. 2002)." 134122323,Pelophryne brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,brevipes,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","This is the revised taxonomic concept for this species. Records from Peninsular Malaysia are now thought to belong to either Pelophryne signata or an undescribed new species (Chan et al. 2010, Chan et al. unpubl. data)." 159223,Pelophryne linanitensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,linanitensis,,,,,"Das, 2008", 159222,Pelophryne murudensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,murudensis,,,,,"Das, 2008", 42862554,Pelophryne saravacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pelophryne,saravacensis,,,,,"Inger & Stuebing, 2009", 156412,Perforatella dibothrion,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Perforatella,dibothrion,,,,,"(E.A. Bielz, 1860)","The taxonomic authority of this species is frequently given as ""(M. von Kimakowicz, 1884)"", and this was used when this species was first assessed for the IUCN Red List. The taxonomic authority is now revised to ""(E.A. Bielz, 1860)"" following MolluscaBase (2022).

Hausdorf (2019): ""Bielz (1860: 160) listed “H. diodon Parr.” and “H. dibotrion, Friv.” as synonyms of H. bidens var. major. Kimakowicz (1884: 105) separated the larger Carpathian taxon again as a distinct species, which he called “Fruticicola (Petasia) dibothrion (Friv.) Bielz”. By adopting this name as the name of a taxon, Kimakowicz (1884) made the name, which was previously published in the synonymy of an available name by Bielz (1860), available (Art. 11.6.1). According to Art. 50.7, Bielz (1860) has to be considered as author of the name.""" 139347091,Pericnemis kiautarum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,kiautarum,,,,,"Orr & Hämäläinen, 2013", 157220,Peristoma merduenianum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Peristoma,merduenianum,,,,,"Krynicki, 1833", 167429,Petaliaeschna tomokunii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Petaliaeschna,tomokunii,,,,,"Karube, 2000", 156659,Edentiella bakowskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Edentiella,bakowskii,,,,,"(Poliński, 1924)",


156775,Edentiella bielzi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Edentiella,bielzi,,,,,"(E.A. Bielz, 1860)","According to Falkner (1995) the correct year of description is 1859, whilst according to AnimalBase, the name was mentioned in 1859 just as a nomen nudum without formal description, and the valid date of description is 1860. '1860' is adopted here following MolluscaBase (2022).

Soós (1943) treats this species as a subspecies of Petasina filicina, but according to Poliński (1924), it is a distinct species. There are two accepted subspecies: P. bielzi bielzi and P. bielzi euconus Westerlund, 1890." 156750,Edentiella filicina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Edentiella,filicina,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1841)","Three distinct subspecies are accepted by MolluscaBase (2022):

  • Edentiella filicina filicina L. Pfeiffer, 1841
  • Edentiella filicina bosnensis Moellendorff, 1873, and
  • Edentiella filicina styriaca Klemm, 1954.
" 16713,Edentiella subtecta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Edentiella,subtecta,,,,,"(Poliński, 1929)", 168453,Pethia atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,atra,,,,,"(Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2007)","Linthoingambi and Vishwanath (2007) described Puntius ater from Chindwin basin in Manipur, India. The fish was previously reported as Puntius ticto (Hamilton) from Imphal River (Chindwin basin), Manipur by Vishwanath and Laishram (2004)." 172441,Pethia narayani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Pethia,narayani,,,,,"(Hora, 1937)",Puntius narayani was described as Barbus narayani by from the Cauvery River in Coorg by Hora in 1937. It is now placed in Pethia following Pethiyagoda et al. 2012. 97296244,Phaon rasoherinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Phaon,rasoherinae,,,,,"Fraser, 1949", 58884,Philautus pallidipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,pallidipes,,,,,"(Barbour, 1908)","From genetic analysis, both this species and Philautus vittiger may belong to another genus (D. T. Iskandar and A. Hamidy pers. comm. Indonesian Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). However further taxonomic research is required to verify this. Due to morphological similarities, there is also some confusion over identifying this species and P. vittiger in the field and there is uncertainty that these two species are distinct (A. Hamidy pers. comm. Indonesia Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017)." 16895588,Canariola willemsei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Canariola,willemsei,,,,,"Morales-Agacino, 1959","The status of this species and its relationship with Canariola nubigena needs to be studied. Both species are flightless, but overlapping ranges have been documented. Canariola willemsei has even been documented from two islands (La Gomera and Tenerife)." 26459,Philautus schmackeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Philautus,schmackeri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1892)","This is the only Philautus species known on Mindoro Island, but additional records of Philautus-like specimens were made during surveys at Mount Calavite, Mount Halcon, Mount Baco, Abra de Ilog, Sablayan, and Blue Mountain between 2005-2017; these are tentatively assigned to this species but require analysis and confirmation of their identity as they may represent undescribed species (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017)." 68451913,Pholidoptera macedonica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Pholidoptera,macedonica,,,,,"Ramme, 1928",This species needs to be taxonomically studied due to uncertainty of its relationships with Pholidoptera rhodopensis and the possible synonymy of both taxa. 149687139,Phrynobatrachus afiabirago,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,afiabirago,,,,,"Ofori-Boateng, Leaché, Obeng-Kankam, Kouamé, Hillers & Rödel, 2018", 58090,Phrynobatrachus alleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,alleni,,,,,"Parker, 1936", 89251039,Phrynobatrachus horsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,horsti,,,,,"Rödel, Burger, Zassi-Boufou, Emmrich, Penner, & Barej, 2015",There has been some taxonomic confusion between this species and Phrynobatrachus ruthbeateae due to morphological similarities (Rödel et al. 2015). 175371,Phrynobatrachus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,intermedius,,,,,"Rödel, Boateng, Penner & Hillers, 2009", 74724558,Phrynobatrachus jimzimkusi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,jimzimkusi,,,,,"Zimkus, Gvoždík & Gonwouo, 2013",This is a split from the broader concept of Phrynobatrachus steindachneri (Zimkus and Gvoždík 2013). 58125,Phrynobatrachus manengoubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHRYNOBATRACHIDAE,Phrynobatrachus,manengoubensis,,,,,"(Angel, 1940)",This species is probably a synonym of Phrynobatrachus werneri (J.-L. Amiet pers. comm.). 78534603,Phrynopus interstinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,interstinctus,,,,,"Lehr & Oróz, 2012", 78535863,Phrynopus vestigiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Phrynopus,vestigiatus,,,,,"Lehr & Oróz, 2012", 190827,Phyllothemis eltoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Phyllothemis,eltoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1935 ","

Records from Peninsular Malaysia seem closer to Phyllothemis raymondi Lieftinck, 1950 (Orr 2005), otherwise known from Sumatra, than to P. eltoni.

However P. raymondi is very similar to P. eltoni, and is likely to be a junior synonym of eltoni. For this assessment records from Peninsular Malaysia are treated as raymondi.

" 19673127,Physocrobylus tessa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Physocrobylus,tessa,,,,,"Hochkirch, 1996", 160762,Pilodeudorix pseudoderitas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pilodeudorix,pseudoderitas,,,,,"Stempffer, 1964",
 184301,Pinheyschna waterstoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Pinheyschna,waterstoni,,,,,"Peters & Theishinger, 2011","" 45429616,Pionus reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionus,reichenowi,,,,,"(Heine, 1884)","Pionus menstruus and P. reichenowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. menstruus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 195578,Placostylus guanensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORTHALICIDAE,Placostylus,guanensis,,,,,"(Garrett, 1872)","Fourteen species of Placostylus are recorded from the Fijian archipelago (Barker et al. 2005, Barker and Bouchet, 2010). " 168372,Planaeschna milnei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Planaeschna,milnei,,,,,"(Sélys, 1883)",Two subspecies are known: Planaeschna milnei milnei (Mainland Japan) and Planaeschna milnei naica (Amami islands)(Ozono et al 2012). 158497,Proplatycnemis pseudalatipes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,pseudalatipes,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)","The subspecies pallidus is known only from Marojejy National Park, but is now tentatively treated as a good species (pers. comm. K.-D.B. Dijkstra)." 42862685,Platymantis bayani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,bayani,,,,,"Siler, Alcala, Diesmos & Brown, 2009", 17528,Platymantis cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,cornutus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)",This species is a taxonomic complex and contains several cryptic species (Philippines Red List Assessment Workshop May 2017). 58460,Platymantis guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,guentheri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1882)", 87739576,Platymantis quezoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CERATOBATRACHIDAE,Platymantis,quezoni,,,,,"Brown, De Layola, Lorenzo, Diesmos & Diesmos, 2015", 55873,Plectrohyla dasypus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Plectrohyla,dasypus,,,,,"McCranie & Wilson, 1981", 10835,Insulivitrina machadoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Insulivitrina,machadoi,,,,,"Ibáñez & M.R. Alonso, 1990","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was treated by Valido et al. (1999).

" 157194,Canarivitrina ripkeni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Canarivitrina,ripkeni,,,,,"(M.R. Alonso & Ibáñez, 2000)","

The family Vitrinidae in the Canary Islands was revised by Valido et al. (1999).

" 122149943,Podolestes atomarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,atomarius,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1950", 122149946,Podolestes buwaldai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,buwaldai,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1940", 122149969,Podolestes harrissoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podolestes,harrissoni,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 176958295,Trichomycterus belensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,belensis,,,,,"Fernández & Vari, 2002", 176958356,Trichomycterus minus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,minus,,,,,"Fernández & Vari, 2012", 87532918,Podopteryx selysi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Podopteryx,selysi,,,,,"(Förster, 1899)", 17181904,Poecilimon artedentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,artedentatus,,,,,"Heller, 1984", 176958601,Trichomycterus ramosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,ramosus,,,,,"Fernández, 2000", 176958820,Trichomycterus varii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,varii,,,,,"Fernández & Andreoli Bize, 2018", 68455238,Poecilimon heinrichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,heinrichi,,,,,"(Ramme, 1951)", 17182024,Poecilimon hoelzeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,hoelzeli,,,,,"Harz, 1966", 139412086,Rhyothemis fulgens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,fulgens,,,,,"Kirby, 1889","

Rhyothemis fulgens has been confused with R. pygmaea, with all records of the later from west of the Wallace line actually referring to R. fulgens (see Dow et al. 2015).

" 68458981,Poecilimon roseoviridis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,roseoviridis,,,,,"Chobanov & Kaya, 2012", 68459238,Poecilimon tauricus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Poecilimon,tauricus,,,,,"Retowski, 1888","The great morphological variation and genetic similarity (Kaya et al. 2012, D. Chobanov pers. comm. 2015) suggest close relationships between P. tauricus and P. pliginskii." 15350832,Poeciliopsis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,occidentalis,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1853)","Previously, this species included two subspecies: P. o. occidentalis and P. o. sonoriensis. These subspecies are now recognised as separate species: P. occidentalis and P. sonoriensis. The previous entry for P. occidentalis on the IUCN Red List (LR/nt, 1996) does not refer to the current concept of P. occidentalis as that assessment included data for both subspecies, while the current assessment refers only to the population that was previously referred to as P. o. occidentalis." 22685317,Poicephalus cryptoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,cryptoxanthus,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)", 195333,Polyommatus theresiae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,theresiae,,,,,"Schurian, van Oorschot & Van den Brink, 1992","This species was first described in 1992 from four Turkish provinces (Konya, Adana, Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep). Then in 1994 Frédéric Carbonell described a new subspecies, P. (A.) theresiae larseni from Lebanon.

In 1999, a thorough review by Olivier et al. of all the theresiae specimens had the following outcomes:
-  Genetic study established that P. t. larseni should be elevated to a full species. P. theresiae was thus restored to being a Turkish endemic.
-  The specimens which had been used to establish the karyotype and chromosome number for theresiae came from Konya whilst the type specimens came from Adana. However, the Adana specimens were found to have a different chromosome number. It was thus decided to describe the Konya population as a new species: P. guezelmavi.
-  The specimens from Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep were identified to be Polyommatus poseidon.
 
 It was thus established that theresiae is an endemic species known only from the type locality in Adana." 135783,Polypedates chlorophthalmus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Polypedates,chlorophthalmus,,,,,"Das, 2005", 143915578,Poropuntius normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Poropuntius,normani,,,,,"Smith, 1931", 197609,Potamalpheops haugi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,ALPHEIDAE,Potamalpheops,haugi,,,,,"(Coutière, 1906)", 189350,Potamolithus conicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamolithus,conicus,,,,,"(Brot, 1867)", 189345,Potamolithus lapidum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamolithus,lapidum,,,,,"(d’Orbigny, 1835)", 189248,Potamolithus paranensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamolithus,paranensis,,,,,"Pilsbry, 1911", 188893,Potamolithus paysanduanus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,TATEIDAE,Potamolithus,paysanduanus,,,,,"Ihering, 1910", 61806,Pristimantis aniptopalmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,aniptopalmatus,,,,,"(Duellman and Hedges, 2005)", 56443,Pristimantis avicuporum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,avicuporum,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56494,Pristimantis carmelitae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,carmelitae,,,,,"(Ruthven, 1922)", 130481421,Pristimantis cruciocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cruciocularis,,,,,"(Lehr, Lundberg, Aguilar & von May, 2006)",Pristimantis flavobracatus has been synonymized with this species (Catenazzi and Lehr 2018). 56545,Pristimantis cuneirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cuneirostris,,,,,"(Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)", 56678,Pristimantis ixalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ixalus,,,,,"(Lynch, 2003)", 87738555,Pristimantis limoncochensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,limoncochensis,,,,,"Ortega-Andrade, Rojas-Soto, Valencia, Espinosa de los Monteros, Morrone, Ron & Cannatella, 2015",Pristimantis limocochensis was originally confused with P. acuminatus (Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015). 164791,Pristimantis lucasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lucasi,,,,,"Duellman & Chaparro, 2008","Tentatively placed in the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original description (Duellman and Chaparro 2008)." 56755,Pristimantis melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,melanogaster,,,,,"(Duellman & Pramuk, 1999)", 78550311,Pristimantis padiali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,padiali,,,,,"Moravec, Lehr, Perez-Peña, Lopez, Gagliardi-Urrutia & Arista-Tuanama, 2010", 56852,Pristimantis phalarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,phalarus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)", 107283813,Pristimantis pluvialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pluvialis,,,,,"Shepack, von May, Ttito & Catenazzi, 2016", 56893,Pristimantis quantus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,quantus,,,,,"(Lynch, 1998)", 61819,Pristimantis stictogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,stictogaster,,,,,"(Duellman and Hedges, 2005)", 100099193,Pristimantis stictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,stictus,,,,,"González-Durán, 2016", 153968,Procambarus cuetzalanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Procambarus,cuetzalanae,,,,,"Hobbs, 1982", 190811,Prodasineura collaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,collaris,,,,,"(Selys, 1860)", 135437246,Prodasineura quadristigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,quadristigma,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1951", 122885292,Prodasineura yulan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Prodasineura,yulan,,,,,"Dow & Ngiam, 2013", 158512,Proplatycnemis longiventris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,longiventris,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1951)",This species was previously placed in the genus Platycnemis but it has now been moved to Proplatycnemis. 88070076,Proplatycnemis melana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Proplatycnemis,melana,,,,,"(Aguesse, 1968)", 199574,Prosopogryllacris sechellensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,GRYLLACRIDIDAE,Prosopogryllacris,sechellensis,,,,,"(Bolivar, 1895)", 158516,Protolestes furcatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,furcatus,,,,,"Aguesse, 1967",The genus Protolestes needs revision. 158511,Protolestes kerckhoffae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,kerckhoffae,,,,,"Schmidt, 1949",The genus Protolestes needs revision. 88091721,Protolestes proselytus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,proselytus,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1965", 88091731,Protolestes rufescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,rufescens,,,,,"Aguesse, 1967", 88091735,Protolestes simonei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Protolestes,simonei,,,,,"Aguesse, 1967", 60263,Protoneura dunklei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Protoneura,dunklei,,,,,"Daigle, 1990", 163944,Protorthemis woodfordi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Protorthemis,woodfordi,,,,,"(Kirby, 1889)", 190793,Protosticta caroli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,caroli,,,,,"van Tol, 2008",The female of the species is not known. 190912,Protosticta medusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,medusa,,,,,"Fraser, 1934", 167158,Protosticta taipokauensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Protosticta,taipokauensis,,,,,"Asahina & Dudgeon, 1987", 171878,Protunio messageri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Protunio,messageri,,,,,"Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1901","The type specimens of Unio messageri do not match the species recorded from Viet Nam, although they come from the same locality. These are possibly two species under the same heading. This assessment refers to the more recently described of the two species." 158493,Pseudagrion ampolomitae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,ampolomitae,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158488,Pseudagrion apicale,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,apicale,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158518,Pseudagrion deconcertans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,deconcertans,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 56142652,Pseudagrion estesi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,estesi,,,,,"Pinhey, 1971", 158502,Pseudagrion hamulus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,hamulus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 158495,Pseudagrion igniceps,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,igniceps,,,,,"Fraser, 1953",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 133327587,Pseudagrion isidromorai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,isidromorai,,,,,"Compte Sart, 1967","Pseudagrion isidromorai was, for some time, considered a synonym to P. glaucoideum. It regained full species status by Dijkstra and Clausnitzer (2014)" 22694413,Larus bulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,bulleri,,,,,"Hutton, 1871", 79075043,Hynobius osumiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,osumiensis,,,,,"Nishikawa & Matsui, 2014",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius boulengeri until it was elevated to species status by Nishikawa and Matsui (2014). 79075007,Hynobius amakusaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,amakusaensis,,,,,"Nishikawa & Matsui, 2014",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius boulengeri until it was elevated to species status by Nishikawa and Matsui (2014). 22697478,Bostrychia bocagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Bostrychia,bocagei,,,,,"(Chapin, 1923)", 158520,Pseudagrion tinctipenne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,tinctipenne,,,,,"Fraser, 1951",Madagascan species of the genus Pseudagrion need revison. 177037898,Atherinella venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINOPSIDAE,Atherinella,venezuelae,,,,,"(Eigenmann, 1920)", 177038034,Nandopsis haitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Nandopsis,haitiensis,,,,,"(Tee-Van, 1935)", 177038117,Limia melanonotata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,melanonotata,,,,,"Nichols & Myers, 1923","

There is some evidence to suggest that L. melanonotata may not represent a separate species because of the high similarities in genetic sequences with L. perugiae (Hamilton 2001). In addition, both species have very similar ecology, distribution and morphology being the size the only distinguishable trait to separate both species (Farr 1984, Schroder et al. 1996). Further molecular and morphological analyses are needed to reassess the validity of L. melanonotata.

Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention.

" 177038422,Limia islai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,islai,,,,,"Rodriguez-Silva & Weaver, 2020","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 177038449,Limia mandibularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,mandibularis,,,,,"Rodriguez-Silva, Torres-Pineda & Josaphat, 2020","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 177038495,Limia tridens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Limia,tridens,,,,,"(Hilgendorf, 1889)","Even though some previous studies have treated Limia as one of the multiple subgenera in the genus Poecilia (Rosen and Bailey 1963, Meredith et al. 2010, Meredith et al. 2011), several other works have supported the generic classification for Limia (Rodriguez 1997, Hamilton 2001, Poeser 2003, Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). Here we endorse the latter assessment that Limia should be considered a valid, separate genus.

The taxonomic role of genera to express relationships among species is clearly justified in the case of Limia from different points of view. From the biogeographic point of view, species of Limia show a discrete distribution since they are only found in the Antilles, specifically on Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica and the island of Grand Cayman. However, only three species of Poecilia sensu strictu occur in this region and they are restricted exclusively to Hispaniola. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses have found Limia to be a monophyletic group probably originated from a South American ancestor with the three Hispaniolan Poecilia species mentioned above representing the closest sister group (Palacios et al. 2016, Weaver et al. 2016). A very detailed analysis is currently in prep, also confirming Limia as monophyletic (Spikes et al. in prep). Moreover, there is enough morphological distinctiveness in characters with adaptive value such is the case of gonopodial traits to separate species of Limia and Poecilia (Rivas 1978). Furthermore, all of the existing ecological and behavioral literature is using Limia, not Poecilia. Not recognizing Limia as a separate genus from Poecilia may obscure their similarities and cause even more confusion in a group that in fact deserves more taxonomic attention." 174536,Pseudagrion williamsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,williamsoni,,,,,"Fraser, 1922","Some have considered that Pseudagrion coomansi Lieftinck, 1987 from Borneo is a junior synonym, but this is unsubstantiated and probably based on the misleading description of that species." 163703,Pseudagrionoptera diotima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Pseudagrionoptera,diotima,,,,,"Ris, 1912", 189624,Pseudassiminea waigiouensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Pseudassiminea,waigiouensis,,,,,"(Sykes, 1903)", 54874,Pseudobufo subasper,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Pseudobufo,subasper,,,,,"Tschudi, 1838", 156806,Pseudochondrula seductilis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Pseudochondrula,seductilis,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1837)","In Turkey there are also Buliminus komarowi O. Boettger, 1880 and Buliminus scapus L. Pfeiffer, 1853.


" 189549,Pseudocyclotus rugatellus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ASSIMINEIDAE,Pseudocyclotus,rugatellus,,,,,"(Tapparone-Canefri, 1883)", 188107,Pseudogobiopsis paludosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Pseudogobiopsis,paludosa,,,,,"(Herre, 1940)","The species was originally described in 1940 as Ctenogobius paludosus; Ctenogobius is masculine. Larson (2009) placed it in Pseudogobiopsis but retained the original spelling. Pseudogobiopsis is feminine, therefore paludosa is the correct spelling." 10617,Hynobius ikioi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,ikioi,,,,,"Matsui, Nishikawa & Tominaga, 2017","The holotype of Hynobius stejnegeri Dunn, 1923, the name for this species for almost 100 years, was found by Matsui et al. (2017) to be a member of the species known as H. yatsui Oyama, 1947, taking priority over that name and requiring a new name for this species, namely H. ikioi." 169623,Pseudosphromenus dayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,OSPHRONEMIDAE,Pseudosphromenus,dayi,,,,,"(Köhler, 1908)","Pseudosphromenus dayi was originally described as Polyacanthus cupanus var. dayi by Köhler (1908) and the type locality of the fish is suggested as southern Kerala (Kottelat 1994 )." 47266097,Pseudotriphyllus vicarius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MYCETOPHAGIDAE,Pseudotriphyllus,vicarius,,,,,"Peyerimhoff, 1913",The species have been compared by Carlton and Leschen (2009) with all other Pseudotriphyllus already described. Those authors confirmed the species status. 68462331,Psorodonotus fieberi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Psorodonotus,fieberi,,,,,"(Frivaldsky, 1853)", 169846,Ptyas luzonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Ptyas,luzonensis,,,,,"(Günther, 1873)", 58518,Ptychadena perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PTYCHADENIDAE,Ptychadena,perreti,,,,,"Guibé & Lamotte, 1958", 96306872,Ptychochromis loisellei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,loisellei,,,,,"Stiassny & Sparks, 2006", 96238241,Ptychochromis mainty,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromis,mainty,,,,,"Martinez, Arroyave & Sparks, 2015", 18832,Ptychochromoides betsileanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromoides,betsileanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)", 44513,Ptychochromoides itasy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Ptychochromoides,itasy,,,,,"Sparks, 2004", 171888,Ptychorhynchus pfisteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Ptychorhynchus,pfisteri,,,,,"Heude, 1874", 170011,Puerulus sewelli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PALINURIDAE,Puerulus,sewelli,,,,,"Ramadan, 1938", 58643,Pelophylax lessonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,lessonae,,,,,"(Camerano, 1882)", 89113176,Pulchrana guttmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pulchrana,guttmani,,,,,"(Brown, 2015)","This is a split from the broader concept of Pulchrana grandocula (Brown 2015)." 47251891,Purpuricenus schurmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Purpuricenus,schurmanni,,,,,"Sláma, 1985","The species is very close to P. globulicollis and its status (valid species or subspecies of P. globulicollis) is unclear, pending molecular data (Rapuzzi and Sama 2013)." 69673708,Pyrgomorphula serbica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,PYRGOMORPHIDAE,Pyrgomorphula,serbica,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 18989,Pyrgulopsis thompsoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pyrgulopsis,thompsoni,,,,,"Hershler, 1988", 19035,Pyxis arachnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Pyxis,arachnoides,,,,,"Bell, 1827","Three subspecies are recognized:

Pyxis arachnoides arachnoides Bell, 1827
Pyxis arachnoides brygooi (Vuillemin & Domergue, 1972)
Pyxis arachnoides oblonga Gray, 1869" 193431,Ranitomeya benedicta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,benedicta,,,,,"Brown, Twomey, Pepper, & Sanchez Rodriguez, 2008","This species was formerly classified as Ranitomeya fantastica (Brown et al. 2008)." 79100485,Onychodactylus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,fuscus,,,,,"Yoshikawa & Matsui, 2014",This species was split from the broader concept of Onychodactylus japonicus (Yoshikawa and Matsui 2014). 55183,Ranitomeya flavovittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,flavovittata,,,,,"(Schulte, 1999)",Previous taxonomic uncertainties regarding this species have now been resolved and its taxonomic status appears to be valid (Brown et al. 2011). It is considered to be in the Ranitomeya vanzolinii species group by Brown et al. (2011). 22697590,Pelecanus onocrotalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,PELECANIDAE,Pelecanus,onocrotalus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 56378936,Ranitomeya imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,imitator,,,,,"(Schulte, 1986)",Ranitomeya intermedia is now considered to be a junior synonym of Ranitomeya imitator (Brown et al. 2011). 136043,Ranitomeya uakarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,uakarii,,,,,"(Brown, Schulte & Summers, 2006)","Prior to its description in 2006, Ranitomeya uakarii was commonly referred to as a morph of R. ventrimaculata (then classified as Dendrobates duellmani)." 78584863,Ranitomeya yavaricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Ranitomeya,yavaricola,,,,,"Pérez-Peña, Chávez, Twomey & Brown, 2010","This species was originally thought to be a morph of Ranitomeya flavovittata based on a similar dorsal pattern. However, it possessed one unusual characteristic in that its limbs were solid bronze and lacked black markings. Based on additional specimens collected in 2009, Perez-Peña et al. (2010) determined that this unusual color pattern is a fixed trait within the population, and that this species is distinct from R. flavovittata on the basis of both morphology and genetics." 22693712,Recurvirostra avosetta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,RECURVIROSTRIDAE,Recurvirostra,avosetta,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 202050,Raphismia inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Raphismia,inermis,,,,,"Ris, 1910", 58969,Zhangixalus achantharrhena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,achantharrhena,,,,,"(Harvey, Pemberton & Smith, 2002)", 79681770,Rhacophorus gauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,gauni,,,,,"(Inger, 1966)",This is a restricted concept of Rhacophorus gauni following the split of the broader concept into this and Rhacophorus malkmusi. The two species occur sympatrically at Poring Hot Springs on the eastern slope of Gunung Kinabalu. 58996,Rhacophorus georgii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,georgii,,,,,"Roux, 1904", 59002,Rhacophorus margaritifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,margaritifer,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 47143971,Rhacophorus vampyrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Rhacophorus,vampyrus,,,,,"Rowley, Le, Tran, Stuart & Hoang, 2010", 202422,Rhadinella tolpanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,tolpanorum,,,,,"(Holm & Cruz, 1994)", 117849934,Rhamphochromis woodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Rhamphochromis,woodi,,,,,"Regan, 1922","R. brevis and R. woodi closely resemble each other and Turner et al. (2004) regarded R. brevis synonymous to R. woodi. Genner (in Konings 2016:395), however, is of the opinion that the name R. brevis should be retained for the large, common species and the name R. woodi restricted to the species characterized by a large premaxillary pedicel which gives the snout a hooked upper profile." 19479,Rheocles lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Rheocles,lateralis,,,,,"Stiassny & Reinthal, 1992", 19480,Rheocles pellegrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,BEDOTIIDAE,Rheocles,pellegrini,,,,,"(Nichols & La Monte, 1931)", 190910,Rhinagrion mima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,mima,,,,,"(Karsch, 1891)","

Rhinagrion viridatum Fraser, 1938 was incorrectly placed in the synonymy of R. mima by Lieftinck (1954), this error has been corrected by Kalkman and Villanueva (2011); R. mima and R. viridatum are treated as distinct species in this assessment. Because of the disjoint distribution of R. mima Kalkman and Villanueva (2011) also raise the possibility that “that R. mima is not monophyletic and that it should be divided into two species”, one on Sumatra, the other in mainland Asia, this is a subject of ongoing investigation.

" 191418,Rhinagrion viridatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PHILOSINIDAE,Rhinagrion,viridatum,,,,,"Fraser, 1938","Rhinagrion viridatum Fraser, 1938 has been treated as a junior synonym of R. mima, but Kalkman and Villaneuva (2011) have shown convincingly that it is a separate species; accordingly it is assessed separately." 135882,Rhinella manu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,manu,,,,,"Chaparro, Pramuk and Gluesenkamp, 2007",Rhinella manu can be distinguished from all known Rhinella by a unique combination of external and osteological characters as well as by molecular data (Chaparro et al. 2007). 135985,Rhinella yanachaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,yanachaga,,,,,"Lehr, Pramuk, Hedges and Córdova, 2007",This species is assigned to the festae species group (Moravec et al. 2014). 167306,Rhinocypha ignipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,ignipennis,,,,,"(Selys, 1879)", 167465,Rhinocypha orea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,orea,,,,,"Hämäläinen & Karube, 2001", 122802318,Rhinocypha stygia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,stygia,,,,,"Förster, 1897","

The taxonomic history of this species, and confusion over the female are discussed in detail in Hämäläinen (2009). However females stated to be of this species in Hämäläinen (2009), from Mount Kinabalu, where the altitude of collection is known, are from higher altitudes than have been recorded for the male (the species was described from somewhere on Mount Kinabalu, but the exact type locality and its altitude are not known) and might not actually belong to R. stygia.

" 169093,Rhinocypha trimaculata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,trimaculata,,,,,"(Selys, 1853)", 167292,Rhinocypha vitrinella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,vitrinella,,,,,"(Fraser, 1935)", 163638,Rhinocypha xanthe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinocypha,xanthe,,,,,"Ris, 1927", 163698,Rhinoneura caerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Rhinoneura,caerulea,,,,,"Kimmins, 1936","Two species of Rhinoneura are known, both apparently confined to high altitudes in north Borneo." 57971,Rhombophryne guentherpetersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,guentherpetersi,,,,,"(Guibé, 1974)",This is likely to represent a species complex (C. Raxworthy pers. comm.). 22704953,Chloropsis cyanopogon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,cyanopogon,,,,,"(Temminck, 1829)", 85628040,Rhombophryne longicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,longicrus,,,,,"Scherz, Rakotoarison, Hawitschk, Vences & Glaw, 2015", 49581455,Rhombophryne matavy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,matavy,,,,,"D'Cruze, Köhler, Vences & Glaw, 2010",The sister species of Rhombophryne testudo according to the original publication (Frost 2013). 57975,Rhombophryne minuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,minuta,,,,,"(Guibé, 1975)","The taxonomic status of this species is doubtful, and it might be a complex of several species (F. Andreone, F. Glaw and M. Vences pers. comm.)." 86466943,Rhombophryne ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,ornata,,,,,"Scherz, Ruthensteiner, Vieites, Vences & Glaw, 2015", 86466968,Rhombophryne tany,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,tany,,,,,"Scherz, Ruthensteiner, Vieites, Vences & Glaw, 2015", 57994,Rhombophryne testudo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,testudo,,,,,"Boettger, 1880","It is not clear that the populations on the mainland of Madagascar belong to the same species as those on Nosy Be and Nosy Komba (M. Vences, F. Glaw, F. Andreone and C.J. Raxworthy pers. comm.)." 79130249,Rhombophryne vaventy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Rhombophryne,vaventy,,,,,"Scherz, Ruthensteiner, Vences & Glaw, 2014",This species has been split from the broader concept of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (Scherz et al. 2014). 167466,Rhyothemis aterrima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,aterrima,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 167426,Risiophlebia dohrni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Risiophlebia,dohrni,,,,,"(Krüger, 1902)", 189101,Robertsiella kaporensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,POMATIOPSIDAE,Robertsiella,kaporensis,,,,,"Davis & Greer, 1980", 157838,Ropalopus siculus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Ropalopus,siculus,,,,,"(Stierlin, 1864)",

There are old records of this species which are now thought to be related to R.ungaricus. According to Sama (2002) the whole genus is problematic from a nomenclatural point of view since all type specimens are lost. A taxonomic revision is necessary.

171757,Ruthenica gallinae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Ruthenica,gallinae,,,,,"(E.A. Bielz, 1861)",The validity of Ruthenica gallinae is questionable. Lengyel and Páll-Gergely (2010) reported large variability of specimens in terms of shell size ranging from typical R. filograna to R. gallinae. 139545021,Sangabasis feliculoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Sangabasis,feliculoi,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2014", 56344279,Sanguirana aurantipunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Sanguirana,aurantipunctata,,,,,"Fuiten, Welton, Diesmos, Barley, Oberheide, Duya, Rico & Brown, 2011", 19896,Sanopus astrifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,BATRACHOIDIFORMES,BATRACHOIDIDAE,Sanopus,astrifer,,,,,"(Robins & Starck, 1965)", 44661,Sauvagella robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Sauvagella,robusta,,,,,"Stiassny, 2002", 78585464,Scaphiophryne matsoko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Scaphiophryne,matsoko,,,,,"Raselimanana, Raxworthy, Andreone, Glaw & Vences, 2014", 181004,Schistura quaesita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,quaesita,,,,,"Kottelat, 2000", 19977,Schistura sijuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,NEMACHEILIDAE,Schistura,sijuensis,,,,,"(Menon, 1987)","Menon (1987) described Noemacheilus sijuensis from Siju cave, Meghalaya, India. Kottelat et al. (2007) treated the species in the genus Schistura." 48086104,Scinax cretatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,cretatus,,,,,"Nunes & Pombal, 2011","This species has been assigned to the Scinax ruber clade, and is considered part of the Scinax auratus species complex (Nunes and Pombal Jr. 2011)." 59772,Sciotropis lattkei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Sciotropis,lattkei,,,,,"de Marmels, 1994", 54592,Sclerophrys brauni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,brauni,,,,,"(Nieden, 1911)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 16214951,Sclerophrys channingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,channingi,,,,,"(Barej, Schmitz, Menegon, Hillers, Hinkel, Böhme & Rödel, 2011)","Formerly considered under the Amietophrynus superciliaris species complex, Amietophrynus channingi has been elevated to full species status (Barej et al. 2011). The biological populations that had been formerly assigned to A. superciliaris in eastern Lower Guinea now correspond to A. channingi (Barej et al. 2011).

This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 54653,Sclerophrys gracilipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,gracilipes,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1899)","

Amietophrynus has been synonymised with Sclerophrys, and as a result all species that were previously in the former genus are now known under Sclerophrys (Ohler and Dubois 2016).

This nominal form is considered to be a complex of several species (V. Gvozdik pers. comm., November 2012) and as a result has been confused with numerous cryptic species in the lowland forests of Central Africa (E. Greenbaum pers. comm. May 2016). 

" 54732,Sclerophrys perreti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,perreti,,,,,"(Schiøtz, 1963)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 54774,Sclerophrys taiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,taiensis,,,,,"(Rödel & Ernst, 2000)",This species was under the generic name Amietophrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016). 198747,Scorpaena porcus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SCORPAENIFORMES,SCORPAENIDAE,Scorpaena,porcus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 166512,Securicula gora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,DANIONIDAE,Securicula,gora,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)","This species is usually referred to the genus Oxygaster van Hasselt but this genus has now been shown to be restricted to its type-species, Chela anomalura van Hasselt (Howes, 1979: 187)." 156495,Semilimacella bonellii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Semilimacella,bonellii,,,,,"(Targioni Tozzetti, 1873)","This species comprises the subspecies Semilimacella bonellii reitteri (Boettger, 1880).



" 157112,Semilimax carinthiacus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Semilimax,carinthiacus,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1886)",


156917,Hessemilimax kotulae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Hessemilimax,kotulae,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1883)",





189384,Sermyla sculpta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,THIARIDAE,Sermyla,sculpta,,,,,"(Souleyet, 1832)","This species was previously known as Melania (Sermyla) sculpta in the literature (Tyron et al. 1871, Kobelt 1886)." 44662,Sicyopterus franouxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,franouxi,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1935)", 44663,Sicyopterus punctissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Sicyopterus,punctissimus,,,,,"Sparks & Nelson, 2004",Submitted as Sicyopterus sp. nov. 'Masoala' and subsequently changed to Sicypoterus punctissimus on recommendation of Paul Loiselle. 169155,Sieboldius nigricolor,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Sieboldius,nigricolor,,,,,"(Fraser, 1924)", 78586320,Silverstoneia gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,gutturalis,,,,,"Grant & Myers, 2013", 78586324,Silverstoneia minima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,minima,,,,,"Grant & Myers, 2013", 78586339,Silverstoneia minutissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,minutissima,,,,,"Grant & Myers, 2013", 78586360,Silverstoneia punctiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Silverstoneia,punctiventris,,,,,"Grant & Myers, 2013 ", 195591,Sinployea angularis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,angularis,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 195597,Sinployea navutuenis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,navutuenis,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 195598,Sinployea princei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,princei,,,,,"(Liardet, 1876)","Pacific Island Charopidae were last revised by Solem (1983). Solem (1983) questioned the validity of the Kadavu locality given for material, ex Rolle Collection, in FMNH and SMF. Thus, pending further information, the species is not considered to occur in Kadavu." 195600,Sinployea rotumana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Sinployea,rotumana,,,,,"(Smith, 1897)",Pacific Island Charopidae were last revised by Solem (1983). 20344,Somatochlora margarita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Somatochlora,margarita,,,,,"Donnelly, 1962", 156467,Soosia diodonta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICODONTIDAE,Soosia,diodonta,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)",


86860087,Sparedrus lencinae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Sparedrus,lencinae,,,,,"Vázquez, 1988", 86860090,Sparedrus orsinii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,OEDEMERIDAE,Sparedrus,orsinii,,,,,"Costa, 1852", 65527130,Sphaeromimus andohahela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,andohahela,,,,,"Wesener, 2014", 65527148,Sphaeromimus lavasoa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,lavasoa,,,,,"Wesener, 2014", 65526510,Sphaeromimus musicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,musicus,,,,,"(Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 65527213,Sphaeromimus saintelucei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,saintelucei,,,,,"Wesener, 2014", 65526540,Sphaeromimus splendidus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Sphaeromimus,splendidus,,,,,"Wesener & Sierwald, 2005", 49582559,Spinomantis tavaratra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Spinomantis,tavaratra,,,,,"Cramer, Rabibisoa & Raxworthy, 2008", 39328,Squatina californica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUATINIFORMES,SQUATINIDAE,Squatina,californica,,,,,"Ayres, 1859", 56351244,Staurois nubilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Staurois,nubilus,,,,,"(Mocquard, 1890)",Removed from synonymy with Staurois guttatus by Arifin et al. (2011). 157852,Stenagostus sardiniensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ELATERIDAE,Stenagostus,sardiniensis,,,,,"(Reitter, 1914)", 189296,Stenothyra mandahlbarthi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,mandahlbarthi,,,,,"Brandt, 1968", 189795,Stenothyra ventricosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,STENOTHYRIDAE,Stenothyra,ventricosa,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1834", 22733306,Strix chacoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,chacoensis,,,,,"Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1921", 79680099,Stumpffia analamaina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,analamaina,,,,,"Klages, Glaw, Köhler, Müller, Hipsley & Vences, 2013", 49583046,Stumpffia be,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,be,,,,,"Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze & Glaw, 2010", 79680110,Stumpffia kibomena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,kibomena,,,,,"Glaw, Vallan, Andreone, Edmonds, Dolch & Vences, 2015", 49584796,Stumpffia madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,madagascariensis,,,,,"Mocquard, 1895",Removed from synonymy under Stumpffia psologlossa by Köhler et al. (2010). 49585165,Stumpffia megsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,megsoni,,,,,"Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze & Glaw, 2010", 49585498,Stumpffia staffordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Stumpffia,staffordi,,,,,"Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze & Glaw, 2010", 167284,Stylogomphus inglisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Stylogomphus,inglisi,,,,,"Fraser, 1922", 135431310,Sundacypha striata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROCYPHIDAE,Sundacypha,striata,,,,,"Orr, 1999", 83370886,Synthemis ariadne,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,ariadne,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1975", 158659,Synthemis flexicauda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,SYNTHEMISTIDAE,Synthemis,flexicauda,,,,,"Campion, 1921",Family Synthemistidae is sometimes treated as a subfamily of Corduliidae. 10615,Hynobius hidamontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,hidamontanus,,,,,"Matsui, 1987",Hynobius tenuis was synonymized with this species by Matsui et al. (2002). 54673,Bufo japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,japonicus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1838",There are two subspecies: Bufo japonicus japonicus and B.j. formosus. 54781,Bufo torrenticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,torrenticola,,,,,"Matsui, 1976", 41239,Limnonectes namiyei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Limnonectes,namiyei,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1901)", 55499,Hyla hallowellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,hallowellii,,,,,"Thompson, 1912", 10613,Hynobius abei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,abei,,,,,"Sato, 1934", 82498401,Hynobius hirosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,hirosei,,,,,"Lantz, 1931",This species was removed from the synonymy of Hynobius boulengeri by Nishikawa et al. 2007. 61895,Hynobius katoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,katoi,,,,,"Matsui, Kokuryo, Misawa & Nishikawa, 2004", 188970983,Hynobius kimurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,kimurae,,,,,"Dunn, 1923", 59096,Hynobius lichenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,lichenatus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1883",Aoki et al. (2013) suggested that this is a species complex. 85341790,Ecnomiohyla veraguensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Ecnomiohyla,veraguensis,,,,,"Batista, Hertz, Mebert, Köhler, Lotzkat, Ponce & Vesely, 2014","This species has previously been regarded as a subpopulation of Ecnomiohyla rabborum, but is now regarded as a distinct species as a result of morphology and molecular examination of specimens (Batista et al. 2014)." 59099,Hynobius nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,nigrescens,,,,,"Stejneger, 1907", 10616,Hynobius okiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,okiensis,,,,,"Sato, 1940", 59101,Hynobius retardatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,retardatus,,,,,"Dunn, 1923", 10618,Hynobius takedai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,takedai,,,,,"Matsui & Miyazaki, 1984", 59104,Hynobius tsuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,tsuensis,,,,,"Abé, 1922", 79100618,Onychodactylus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,intermedius,,,,,"Yoshikawa & Matsui, 2014",This species was split from the broader concept of Onychodactylus japonicus (Yoshikawa and Matsui 2014). 79100655,Onychodactylus kinneburi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,kinneburi,,,,,"Yoshikawa, Matsui, Tanabe & Okayama, 2013",This species was split from the broader concept of Onychodactylus japonicus (Yoshikawa et al. 2013). 79100669,Onychodactylus nipponoborealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,nipponoborealis,,,,,"Kuro-o, Poyarkov & Vieites, 2012",This species was split from the broader concept of Onychodactylus japonicus (Poyarkov et al. 2012). 79100806,Onychodactylus tsukubaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Onychodactylus,tsukubaensis,,,,,"Yoshikawa & Matsui, 2013",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Onychodactylus japonicus until it was described by Yoshikawa and Matsui (2013). 186881149,Microhyla okinavensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,okinavensis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1853",We follow Matsui et al. (2005) in separating this species from Microhyla ornata. Tominaga et al. (2019) demonstrated that this nominal taxon is composed of four lineages. The lineage from the Southern Ryukyus has recently been described as Microhyla kuramotoi (Matsui and Tominaga 2020). 19168,Babina holsti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Babina,holsti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1892)", 78922642,Glandirana susurra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Glandirana,susurra,,,,,"(Sekiya, Miura & Ogata, 2012)","This species was considered a subpopulation of Glandirana rugosa prior to its description by Sekiya, Miura and Ogata (2012)." 58541,Odorrana amamiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,amamiensis,,,,,"(Matsui, 1994)", 54308994,Odorrana ishikawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,ishikawae,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1901)",The population on Amami Island formerly identified as Odorrana ishikawae has been identified by Kuramoto et al. (2011) as a separate species named O. splendida. 58675,Odorrana narina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,narina,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1901)", 54314436,Odorrana splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,splendida,,,,,"Kuramoto, Satou, Oumi, Kurabayashi & Sumida, 2011",According to Kuramoto et al. (2011) this species was confused with Odorrana ishikawae prior to its naming. 58726,Odorrana supranarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,supranarina,,,,,"(Matsui, 1994)", 59444,Cynops pyrrhogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,pyrrhogaster,,,,,"(Boie, 1826)", 59441,Cynops ensicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Cynops,ensicauda,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1860)", 187984019,Zhangixalus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,viridis,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1861)",Matsui and Maeda (2018) elevated the two subspecies into two distinct species Rhacophorus viridis and Rhacophorus amamiensis supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Matsui et al. 2019). 59021,Zhangixalus schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,schlegelii,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 59011,Zhangixalus owstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,owstoni,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1907)", 58973,Zhangixalus arboreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,arboreus,,,,,"(Okada & Kawano, 1924)", 58782,Buergeria buergeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Buergeria,buergeri,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)","Genetic analysis by Nishizawa et al. (2011) documented three distinctive haplotype regions (Eastern, Central, and Western Japan) that may correspond to separate species." 81657044,Rana ulma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,ulma,,,,,"Matsui, 2011","Matsui (2007) determined that Rana okinavana is a senior synonym of R. psaltes that occurs in the Southern Ryukyus and Taiwan. This meant that the brown frogs of the Central Ryukyus that had been referred to as R. okinavana, no longer had a name. Further taxonomic study determined that there were in fact two genetically and morphologically distinct lineages, and hence they were described as two new species, Rana kobai and Rana ulma (Matsui 2011)." 160259,Syrmoptera bonifacei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Syrmoptera,bonifacei,,,,,"Stempffer, 1961", 156968,Tacheocampylaea carotii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tacheocampylaea,carotii,,,,,"(Paulucci, 1882)","In contrast to Zilch (1952), who divided the Sardinian Tacheocampylaea's in the polytypic species carotii with the subspecies carotii s. str. and T. carotii melonii and T. gennarii as distinct species, the Italian checklist (Manganelli et al. 1995) and Fauna Europaea treat all Sardinian populations as one species under the name T. carotii.
" 156460,Tacheocampylaea cyrniaca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Tacheocampylaea,cyrniaca,,,,,"(Dutailly, 1867)","There are four subspecies currently accepted: Tacheocampylaea cyrniaca cyrniaca, T. cyrniaca omphalophora, T. cyrniaca faucicola and T. cyrniaca arusalensis. Tacheocampylaea revelierii (Debeaux, 1867) [Helix] is a synonym to this species. In 2009, a fourth subspecies, T. c. arusalensis (Hagenmüller, 1888) – up to now forgotten – was found back near its type locality by G. Falkner, C. Régnier and B. Recorbet." 158490,Tatocnemis crenulatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,crenulatipennis,,,,,"Fraser, 1952",The genus Tatocnemis needs revision. 88091762,Tatocnemis denticularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,denticularis,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 88091870,Tatocnemis emarginatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,emarginatipennis,,,,,"Fraser, 1960", 158513,Tatocnemis malgassica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,malgassica,,,,,"Kirby, 1889",The genus Tatocnemis needs revision. 88091880,Tatocnemis mellisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,mellisi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88092508,Tatocnemis micromalgassica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,micromalgassica,,,,,"Aguesse, 1968", 88092525,Tatocnemis olsufieffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,olsufieffi,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88092541,Tatocnemis robinsoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,robinsoni,,,,,"Schmidt, 1951", 88092557,Tatocnemis sinuatipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Tatocnemis,sinuatipennis,,,,,"(Selys, 1891)", 135432012,Teinobasis aurea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,aurea,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1932", 83130790,Teinobasis bradleyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,bradleyi,,,,,"Kimmins, 1957", 135434064,Teinobasis helvola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,helvola,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1930","

A revision of the Teinobasis of Sulawesi and the Moluccas is needed, and might result in changes to the identification of some populations listed as T. helvola in the assessment.

" 83150678,Teinobasis ponapensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,ponapensis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1962", 122150899,Teinobasis suavis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,suavis,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1953", 167711,Teleocichla centisquama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Teleocichla,centisquama,,,,,"Zuanon & Sazima, 2002", 160502,Telipna kigoma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Telipna,kigoma,,,,,"Kielland, 1978", 123528185,Telosticta berawan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,berawan,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012", 123528264,Telosticta dayak,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,dayak,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012","

A small series of specimens from a location high on Mount Dulit were treated as Telosticta dayak in Dow and Orr (2012) but excluded from the type series because of some differences, principally in markings and size. However it appears increasingly likely that this population does not belong to T. dayak, and it is not considered to belong to T. dayak for assessment purposes.

" 123528293,Telosticta dupophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,dupophila,,,,,"(Lieftinck, 1933)", 123529326,Telosticta gading,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,gading,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012", 123529420,Telosticta kajang,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,kajang,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012","

A population from Mount Dulit in Sarawak listed under Telosticta dayak Dow & Orr, 2012 in Dow & Orr (2012), but excluded from the type series of that species, might actually be closer to T. kajang, although it is also possible that it represents a third species. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the Mount Dulit taxon it is not considered further for assessment purposes.

" 123529597,Telosticta serapi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,serapi,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012", 123529654,Telosticta tubau,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,tubau,,,,,"(Dow, 2010)","The female of Telosticta tubau is not known," 123529691,Telosticta ulubaram,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Telosticta,ulubaram,,,,,"Dow & Orr, 2012","

The female of Telosticta ulubaram has not been described. A female possibly belonging to this species has been collected in Pulong Tau National Park in Sarawak (Dow unpublished), but because the association is not definite, this record is not considered in the assessment.

" 21629,Teramulus waterloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,ATHERINIFORMES,ATHERINIDAE,Teramulus,waterloti,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1932)", 174497,Tetracanthagyna plagiata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Tetracanthagyna,plagiata,,,,,"(Waterhouse, 1877)", 167474,Tetracanthagyna waterhousei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Tetracanthagyna,waterhousei,,,,,"McLachlan, 1898", 2805,Tetrix transsylvanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETRIGIDAE,Tetrix,transsylvanica,,,,,"(Bazyluk & Kis, 1960)", 70613909,Tettigonia balcanica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Tettigonia,balcanica,,,,,"Chobanov & Lemonnier-Darcemont, 2014", 172936,Thamnosophis infrasignatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Thamnosophis,infrasignatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1882)","Along with other members of the Liopholidophis stumpffi group, this species was briefly included within the new genus Bibilava (Glaw et al. 2007, Glaw and Vences 2007). Cadle and Ineich (2008) later resurrected Thamnosophis for this species group." 195601,Thaumatodon corrugata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Thaumatodon,corrugata,,,,,"Solem, 1976",

Pacific Endodontidae were revised by Solem (1976).

195603,Thaumatodon spirrhymatum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Thaumatodon,spirrhymatum,,,,,"Solem, 1973",

Pacific Endodontidae were revised by Solem (1976).

195604,Thaumatodon subdaedalea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENDODONTIDAE,Thaumatodon,subdaedalea,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)",

Pacific Endodontidae were revised by Solem (1976).

163228,Thysanoteuthis rhombus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OEGOPSIDA,THYSANOTEUTHIDAE,Thysanoteuthis,rhombus,,,,,"Troschel, 1857", 84381149,Tragogomphus grogonfla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Tragogomphus,grogonfla,,,,,"Dijkstra, 2015", 167713,Tridensimilis venezuelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Tridensimilis,venezuelae,,,,,"Schultz, 1944", 172557,Trioceros fuelleborni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Trioceros,fuelleborni,,,,,"(Tornier, 1900)","Accepted as Trioceros fuelleborni in Tilbury and Tolley (2009)." 47265496,Triplax bedeli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,bedeli,,,,,"Reitter, 1888 ", 47265518,Triplax breviscutata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,breviscutata,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1868", 47265552,Triplax castanea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,castanea,,,,,"Peyerimhoff, 1925 ", 157722,Triplax cyanescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,cyanescens,,,,,"Bedel, 1868","There is uncertainty about the validity of some of the specimens recorded under the name Triplax cyanescens due to confusion with Triplax melanocephala Lacordaire, considered a synonym erroneously (Benoît pers. comm. 2016). At present, only its presence in Algeria and Portugal can be verified under this name." 157580,Triplax emgei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,emgei,,,,,"Reitter, 1885", 157616,Triplax rudis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,EROTYLIDAE,Triplax,rudis,,,,,"Reitter, 1887",Triplax peyerimhoffi is a synonym of T. lacordairii 195605,Trochomorpha abrochroa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,abrochroa,,,,,"Crosse, 1868","Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on BPBM specimen material. Records from Kioa Island by Andrew Garrett under the Trochomorpha abrochroa (Crosse) were provisionally treated as separate species by Barker & Bouchet (2010) and thus excluded from this assessment." 195607,Trochomorpha albostriata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,albostriata,,,,,"Mousson, 1870","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material. The disjunct distribution in Lau suggests the distribution is poorly known or relictual and/or taxonomy needs reassessment. 



" 195611,Trochomorpha kambarae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,kambarae,,,,,"Baker, 1941","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material.

" 195617,Trochomorpha planoconus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,planoconus,,,,,"Garrett, 1887","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on BPBM specimen material.

" 195618,Trochomorpha tavinniensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,tavinniensis,,,,,"(Garrett, 1872)","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material. ""T. taviuniensis may be only a subspecies of T. corallina but it attains a larger size and has more rapid whorl-increase"" (Baker 1941), and is here treated as distinct following Barker & Bouchet (2010) pending a taxonomic revision. A record from Ovalau (AusMus C.34251 J. Brazier Coll.) has not been confirmed and is thus excluded from this assessment.

" 195619,Trochomorpha transarata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ZONITIDAE,Trochomorpha,transarata,,,,,"(Mousson, 1870)","

Fijian Trochomorphidae were last revised by Baker (1941), but with strong reliance on Bishop Museum specimen material. Mousson figured a specimen from Viti Levu as T. transarata but this is referable to T. fessonia (Baker 1941: 302).

" 177261769,Ancistrus kellerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,kellerae,,,,,"de Souza, Taphorn & Armbruster, 2019", 156515,Trochulus clandestinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,clandestinus,,,,,"(W. Hartmann, 1821)","This is a polytypic species with two subspecies: Trochulus clandestinus clandestinus and T. clandestinus putonii Clessin, 1874." 156753,Xerocampylaea erjaveci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Xerocampylaea,erjaveci,,,,,"(Brusina, 1870)", 156396,Plicuteria lubomirskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Plicuteria,lubomirskii,,,,,"(Ślósarski, 1881)",


156921,Trochulus villosulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Trochulus,villosulus,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)", 91184396,Trogonoptera trojana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Trogonoptera,trojana,,,,,"(Honrath, 1886)","Following D'Abrera (1975), most authors consider Trogonoptera trojana to be a distinct species, but Igarashi (1979) regards it as a subspecies of T. brookiana." 62160,Troides aeacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,aeacus,,,,,"(C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860)","Five subspecies are known: the nominate subspecies T. a. aeacus (C. & R. Felder, 1860), T. a. kaguya Nakahara & Esaki, 1930, also referred to as T. a. formosanus Rothschild, 1899 (occurring in Taiwan), T. a. malaiianus Fruhstorfer, 1902 (occurring in the southern Malay Peninsula) , T. a. insularis Ney, 1905 (occurring in northeastern Sumatra) and T. a. szechwanus Okano & Okano, 1983 (occurring in China)." 22301,Troides andromache,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,andromache,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1892)","Note, for the birdwing butterflies, genera Ornithoptera, Trogonoptera and Troides, specific and subspecific status follows D'Abrera. Subsequent revisions have been referenced but only totally new taxa have been added. Subspecies are listed where possible as they may occasionally be listed as full species. For this species, three subspecies are recognised; two were recognised in the previous assessment by Collins and Morris (1985): the nominate subspecies andromache, subspecies marapokensis Fruhstorfer, 1899, and subspecies nishikawai Kobayashi, 1992. Ohya (2001) does not recognise marapokensis as a subspecies." 91189690,Troides plateni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Troides,plateni,,,,,"(Staudinger, 1888)",Some authorities consider this to be a subspecies of Troides rhadamantus (see LepIndex; Ohya 2001; UNEP-WCMC 2012). 103890794,Zosterops feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,feae,,,,,"Salvadori, 1901","

Zosterops ficedulinus and Z. feae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. ficedulinus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 117850714,Tropheops kamtambo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Tropheops,kamtambo,,,,,"Li, Konings & Stauffer, 2016", 198528,Tropidodipsas sartorii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tropidodipsas,sartorii,,,,,"Cope, 1863","This species has been placed in the genus Sibon in the past, but was returned to Tropidodipsas by Wallach (1995)." 135798,Tsingymantis antitra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Tsingymantis,antitra,,,,,"Glaw, Hoegg & Vences, 2006",This is the only surviving species of an ancient lineage from the early evolutionary history of the endemic family Mantellidae. It is therefore evolutionarily distinct and should be a high priority for efforts preserving Malagasy amphibian biodiversity. 85589446,Tsoukatosia arabatzis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Tsoukatosia,arabatzis,,,,,"A. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2014", 109685895,Tylomelania abendanoni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,abendanoni,,,,,"(Kruimel, 1913)", 109690770,Tylomelania masapensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,PACHYCHILIDAE,Tylomelania,masapensis,,,,,"(Kruimel, 1913)", 84381491,Umma gumma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Umma,gumma,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Kipping, 2015", 160478,Uranothauma cordatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Uranothauma,cordatus,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1892)",This upland species has no recent synonyms or any recognised subspecies. 161431,Urogymnus granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Urogymnus,granulatus,,,,,"(Macleay, 1883)","Formerly a monotypic genus (containing only U. asperrimus), Last et al. (2016) added five more species to Urogymmus, including U. granulatus." 172769,Uroplatus lineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,lineatus,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)",


172876,Uroplatus malama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,malama,,,,,"Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1995", 22705846,Dendrocitta leucogastra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Dendrocitta,leucogastra,,,,,"Gould, 1833", 172906,Uroplatus phantasticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,phantasticus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888",

Genetic data reveal that U. phantasticus is a complex of several species and a full taxonomic revision is required (Glaw and Vences 2007).

172943,Uroplatus pietschmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,pietschmanni,,,,,"Böhle & Schönecker, 2003", 193502,Uroplatus sameiti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Uroplatus,sameiti,,,,,"Böhme & Ibisch, 1990","A recent study treated U. sameiti as a full species that occurs in the same sites as U. sikorae but at lower elevations (Raxworthy et al. 2008); it had previously been regarded as a subspecies of U. sikorae." 84381289,Urothemis venata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Urothemis,venata,,,,,"Dijkstra, Mézière & Kipping, 2015", 195623,Vatusila kondoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Vatusila,kondoi,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 195624,Vatusila nayauana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CHAROPIDAE,Vatusila,nayauana,,,,,"Solem, 1983", 47251957,Vesperella maroccana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Vesperella,maroccana,,,,,"Sama, 2008", 167477,Vestalaria vinnula,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalaria,vinnula,,,,,"Hämäläinen, 2006", 139121895,Vestalis lugens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CALOPTERYGIDAE,Vestalis,lugens,,,,,"Albarda in Selys, 1879", 171137,Vestia gulo,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,CLAUSILIIDAE,Vestia,gulo,,,,,"(E.A. Bielz, 1859)", 68486352,Vichetia oblongicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Vichetia,oblongicollis,,,,,"(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882)", 22705225,Vireo osburni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,osburni,,,,,"(Sclater, 1861)", 85590206,Vitrea megistislavras,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,megistislavras,,,,,"A. Reischütz & P.L. Reischütz, 2014", 171387,Vitrea nadejdae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,nadejdae,,,,,"Lindholm, 1926", 167434,Watanabeopetalia uenoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CHLOROGOMPHIDAE,Watanabeopetalia,uenoi,,,,,"(Asahina, 1995)", 177301951,Dipturus lamillai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,lamillai,,,,,"Concha, Caira, Ebert & Pompert, 2019","

Concha et al. (2019) synonymised the genus Zearaja with Dipturus based on morphological and molecular analyses, thus assigning species formerly in the genus Zearaja to Dipturus. The species Dipturus chilensis formerly was considered as occurring in both the Southeast Pacific and the Southwest Atlantic. However, Gabbanelli et al. (2018) resurrected Raja brevicaudata Marini, 1933 from Argentina out of synonymy with D. chilensis and Concha et al. (2019) described Dipturus lamillai Concha, Caira, Ebert & Pompert, 2019 as a distinct species from the Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Southwest Atlantic. Therefore, D. chilensis is restricted to the Southeast Pacific, from central Chile to the Strait of Magellan, and references to D. chilensis in the Southwest Atlantic refer either to D. brevicaudatus or D. lamillai.

" 61762,Werneria submontana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Werneria,submontana,,,,,"Rödel, Schmitz, Pauwels and Böhme, 2004", 23073,Westralunio carteri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,HYRIIDAE,Westralunio,carteri,,,,,"Iredalei, 1944","Conventionally accepted as Westralunio carteri (Iredale, 1934). There have been no recent changes to its taxonomy (Walker et al. 2013);

Iredale (1934) referred to two subspecies: Westralunio ambiguus ambiguus and Westralunio ambiguus carteri. McMichael & Hiscock (1958) recognised Westralunio carteri as a single taxon to avoid confusion with Velesunio ambiguus, a widespread species from eastern Australia.

Older synonyms include:
  • Unio australis Menke, 1843;
  • Unio moretonicus E.A. Smith, 1874;
  • Hyridella ambigua Cotton & Gabriel, 1932;
  • Centralhyria angasi subjecta Iredale, 1934;
  • Westralunio ambiguus carteri Iredale, 1934; Iredale, 1943;
  • Westralunio ambiguus ambiguus Iredale, 1934; Iredale, 1943.
Recent investigations have indicated that juveniles of this species possess shell sculpturing on their umbos, which may assist in further refinement of morphological keys and may result in higher level taxonomic re-alignment in the future (Zieritz et al. 2013).

This species is the sole representative of the genus in Australia, with two other Westralunio species occurring in New Guinea (McMichael and Hiscock 1958, Walker et al. 2013). The evolutionary relationship between the three species is currently unknown and their description is based primarily on adult shell characters." 58171,Xenopus boumbaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,boumbaensis,,,,,"Loumont, 1983",This species is one of a group of cryptic species resembling Xenopus fraseri but which is distinguished from it by chromosome number (2n = 72) and a mating call of a single note (found elsewhere within the genus only in X. borealis). 58176,Xenopus longipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PIPIDAE,Xenopus,longipes,,,,,"Loumont & Kobel, 1991","Uniquely among vertebrates (except Xenopus eysoole, X. kobeli and X. ruwenzoriensis), this is a dodecaploid species, and it is therefore of considerable scientific interest. It was probably formed by both hybridization and polyploidization (Loumont and Kobel 1991)." 169430,Xenotilapia albini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Xenotilapia,albini,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1909)","This species is considered by all Tanganyika cichlid scientists to be E. melanogenys. However, this needs to be verified (Snoeks, pers. comm.)." 156853,Zenobiellina subrufescens,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HYGROMIIDAE,Zenobiellina,subrufescens,,,,,"(Miller, 1822)", 172996,Zonosaurus anelanelany,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,anelanelany,,,,,"Raselimanana, Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2000","There is no observed genetic distinction between Z. laticaudatus and Z. anelanelany in the south-east and further studies are needed using a larger sample size (only two individuals of Z. anelanelany have been included in comparisons), and from a wider area, than has been previously undertaken to clarify whether this is a real effect (Raselimanana et al. 2009). The two species are morphologically distinct, and therefore introgression or hybridization may account for the lack of genetic differences (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011)." 172894,Zonosaurus brygooi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Zonosaurus,brygooi,,,,,"Lang & Böhme, 1990","

There is strong evidence for three distinct population lineages based on molecular studies and the putative existence of a new species (Raselimanana et al. 2009). Subpopulations in the Reserve Speciale de Marotandrano, Tampolo and Antalaha, and Daraina represent three distinct clades. Specimens from the latter location resembling Z. bemaraha, a species only known from a single site in western Madagascar (Raselimanana et al. 2009). Z. brygooi has a type locality of Nosy Be, an island off the northwest coast of Madagascar, but this is probably incorrect (A. Raselimanana and M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011), and this assessment considers the lizard absent from this locality.

" 65524313,Zoosphaerium alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,DIPLOPODA,SPHAEROTHERIIDA,ARTHROSPHAERIDAE,Zoosphaerium,alluaudi,,,,,"(de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)", 103879758,Zoothera talaseae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Zoothera,talaseae,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1926)","

Zoothera talaseae and Z. atrigena (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. talaseae following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22714172,Zosterops rennellianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,rennellianus,,,,,"Murphy, 1929", 190852,Zygonyx ida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zygonyx,ida,,,,,"Selys, 1869 ", 22725573,Ducula oenothorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,oenothorax,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1892)","In recent years considered conspecific with D. aenea and previously assessed as such following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). but differs in its purplish-pink vs grey breast (3), green vs chestnut vent (3), and brighter turquoise-and-blue reflectant upperparts (1) (del Hoyo  Collar 2014). Forms a species-group with D. aenea, D. perspicillata, D. neglecta and D. concinna. Monotypic." 22714545,Elaphrornis palliseri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Elaphrornis,palliseri,,,,,"(Blyth, 1851)","Elaphrornis palliseri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus palliseri; appears to be closely related to that genus, but differs in structure (relatively shorter-tailed and longer-billed), plumage (unmarked) and song. Placement in separate genus confirmed by molecular analysis of Alström et al. (2018). Monotypic." 22724375,Bradypterus bangwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,bangwaensis,,,,,"Delacour, 1943", 22715783,Arcanator orostruthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MODULATRICIDAE,Arcanator,orostruthus,,,,,"(Vincent, 1933)","

Arcanator orostruthus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Modulatrix following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22713021,Crossleyia tenebrosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Crossleyia,tenebrosa,,,,,"(Stresemann, 1925)",

Crossleyia tenebrosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bernieria tenebrosa.

22709386,Ficedula platenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,platenae,,,,,"(Blasius, 1888)", 22734448,Garrulax bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Garrulax,bicolor,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1844", 165866,Genicanthus semicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,POMACANTHIDAE,Genicanthus,semicinctus,,,,,"(Waite, 1900)", 155724,Deganta azarum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Deganta,azarum,,,,,"(Boeters & Rolán, 1988)", 22715586,Argya cinereifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,cinereifrons,,,,,"(Blyth, 1851)",Previously placed in Garrulax as Ashy-headed Laughingthrush (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Common name changed to Ashy-fronted Babbler as name Ashy-headed Babbler already in use. Monotypic. 58723,Lithobates sphenocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,sphenocephalus,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)", 57813,Gastrophryne carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Gastrophryne,carolinensis,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1836)", 177960108,Hynobius stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,stejnegeri,,,,,"Dunn, 1923","This species has recently been identified as pertaining to Hynobius naevius yatsui and has been elevated to full species rank (Tominaga and Matsui 2008). Matsui et al. (2017) showed that the holotype of Hynobius stejnegeri Dunn, 1923, applied for almost 100 years to another species (now H. ikioi), was the senior name for the species known as H. yatsui Oyama, 1947, hence it takes priority.

Subsequently, a taxonomic revision of this species by Tominaga et al. (2019) recognized three additional species (H. guttatus, H. tsurugiensis, and H. kuishiensis), and limited the range of this species to Kyushu." 22692109,Anthropoides paradiseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Anthropoides,paradiseus,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1793)",Monotypic. 22732956,Geokichla leucolaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,leucolaema,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1892)",

Geokichla leucolaema (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera leucolaema.

177521320,Curculionichthys karipuna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Curculionichthys,karipuna,,,,,"Silva, Roxo, Melo & Oliveira, 2016", 22681360,Celeus galeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Celeus,galeatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)","Hylatomus galeatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) has been demonstrated by Benz et al. (2015) and Lammertink et al. (2016) to be a mimic of American species in the genus Hylatomus, and is actually appropriately placed within Celeus. All members of Hylatomus were previously placed in the genus Dryocopus." 22718774,Ploceus subpersonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,subpersonatus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1876)", 1086,Amblyrhynchus cristatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Amblyrhynchus,cristatus,,,,,"Bell, 1825","

The Marine Iguana (genus Amblyrhynchus) is a single species, with 11 subspecies after taxonomic revision by Miralles et al. (2017).

" 22696330,Microhierax latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Microhierax,latifrons,,,,,"Sharpe, 1879", 59103,Hynobius tokyoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,tokyoensis,,,,,"Tago, 1931", 22717033,Mirafra pulpa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,pulpa,,,,,"Friedmann, 1930", 177614078,Gynacantha vanuatua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,vanuatua,,,,,"Theischinger, Marinov & Bybee, 2020", 177614108,Gynacantha vitiana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,vitiana,,,,,"Theischinger & Marinov, 2020", 177614118,Gynacantha koroana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,koroana,,,,,"Theischinger & Marinov, 2020", 22680659,Melignomon eisentrauti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Melignomon,eisentrauti,,,,,"Louette, 1981", 22711231,Sitta formosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,formosa,,,,,"Blyth, 1843", 58261,Euphlyctis ehrenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Euphlyctis,ehrenbergii,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 22716137,Spelaeornis longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,longicaudatus,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)", 177644007,Erikssonia acraeina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Erikssonia,acraeina,,,,,"Trimen, 1891",Erikssonia acreaina has been split into E. acraeina and E. edgei (Gardiner and Terblanche 2010). 22718432,Macronyx grimwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Macronyx,grimwoodi,,,,,"Benson, 1955", 22695323,Spilornis elgini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spilornis,elgini,,,,,"(Blyth, 1863)", 22713394,Cisticola restrictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Cisticola,restrictus,,,,,"Traylor, 1967", 22717180,Calendulauda burra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,burra,,,,,"(Bangs, 1930)",

Calendulauda albescens (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Certhilauda albescens.

22734553,Spelaeornis kinneari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Spelaeornis,kinneari,,,,,"Delacour & Jabouille, 1930", 22711228,Sitta magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,magna,,,,,"Ramsay, 1876", 58743,Odorrana utsunomiyaorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Odorrana,utsunomiyaorum,,,,,"(Matsui, 1994)", 22679163,Tragopan blythii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tragopan,blythii,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)", 22720457,Linaria johannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Linaria,johannis,,,,,"(Clarke, 1919)","

Linaria johannis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22717428,Alauda razae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Alauda,razae,,,,,"(Alexander, 1898)", 22679172,Tragopan caboti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tragopan,caboti,,,,,"(Gould, 1857)", 54779,Sclerophrys tihamica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,tihamica,,,,,"(Balletto & Cherchi, 1973)",This species was under the generic name Bufo but is now treated under Sclerophrys following Ohler and Dubois (2016). 6715,Latonia nigriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Latonia,nigriventer,,,,,"(Mendelssohn & Steinitz, 1943)",Biton et al. (2013) removed this species from the genus Discoglossus and placed it into the fossil genus Latonia. 22691170,Treron floris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,floris,,,,,"Wallace, 1864", 22717368,Spizocorys fringillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Spizocorys,fringillaris,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1850)", 22700968,Procnias nudicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Procnias,nudicollis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 177754310,Distichodus sp. nov. 'microps',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,sp. nov. 'microps',,,,,"Schmidt, Knobloch & Barrientos, 2021 ined.","Distichodus sp. nov. ""microps"" is a newly described species that was initially determined to be D. notospilus. Subsequent molecular and morphological analyses revealed that this species was distinct from topotypic D. notospilus from the Ogooué River in Gabon." 177754327,Distichodus sp. nov. 'mbiniensis',ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,sp. nov. 'mbiniensis',,,,,"Schmidt, Knobloch & Barrientos, 2021 ined.","Distichodus sp. nov. ""mbiniensis"" is a newly described species that was initially determined to be D. notospilus. Subsequent molecular and morphological analyses revealed that this species was distinct from topotypic D. notospilus from the Ogooué River in Gabon." 22726285,Treron phayrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,phayrei,,,,,"(Blyth, 1862)","

Treron pompadora, T. affinis, T. chloropterus, T. phayrei, T. axillaris and T. aromaticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. pompadora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 84543703,Heteromirafra archeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Heteromirafra,archeri,,,,,"Clarke, 1920","Sister to H. ruddi (Alström et al. 2013a). Morphological, vocal and genetic analysis recently demonstrated that form sidamoensis, treated as a species in HBW, belongs in present species, and may not even be subspecifically distinct; a new population in E Ethiopia simultaneously shown also to belong to nominate (Spottiswoode et al. 2013).We follow Donald & Alström (in prep) in treating Liben Lark as monotypic." 22716552,Actinodura sodangorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Actinodura,sodangorum,,,,,"Eames, Le Trong Trai, Nguyen Cu & Eve, 1999", 22717153,Heteromirafra ruddi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Heteromirafra,ruddi,,,,,"(Grant, 1908)", 22732272,Circaetus beaudouini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circaetus,beaudouini,,,,,"Verreaux & Des Murs, 1862", 22679514,Tympanuchus cupido,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tympanuchus,cupido,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 177893681,Aeshna annulata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Aeshna,annulata,,,,,"Fabricius, 1798","

Martin (1908) states “N'existe, à notre connaissance, dans aucune collection. L'exempilaire décrit par Fabricius sonible perdu et l'espèce est douteuse [To our knowledge, does not exist in any collection. The example described by Fabricius is lost and the species is doubtful.]” Nothing can be added to this except the species is indeed doubtful but in the absence of any type specimen it may never be possible to know for certain what it actually is.

" 177893907,Agyrtacantha picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Agyrtacantha,picta,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2019", 177893920,Argiolestes spungisi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Argiolestes,spungisi,,,,,"Kalnins, 2017", 177893953,Solomonargiolestes bougainville,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,ARGIOLESTIDAE,Solomonargiolestes,bougainville,,,,,"(Kalkman, 2008)",

Solomonargiolestes bougainville was described as an Argiolestes and transferred to their newly erected genus Solomonargiolestes by Kalkman and Theischinger (2013).

177893996,Agriocnemis lepida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,lepida,,,,,"Seehausen, 2020", 177894274,Agriocnemis luteola,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,luteola,,,,,"Navás, 1936","

Agriocnemis luteola is likely to be a synonym of some other species of Agriocnemis or, maybe more likely judging from the sketch of the anal appendages in Navás (1936), a Mortonagrion species.

" 177894335,Pericnemis bisaya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,bisaya,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2020","Although Pericnemis bisaya is known from Cebu, Mindanao, Negros and Panay in the Philippines, Villanueva & Dow (2020) expressed some doubts over whether populations from outside of Cebu really represent the same species. However all populations are treated as a single species for assessment purposes." 177894341,Pericnemis gili,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,gili,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2020", 177894388,Pericnemis muragbonita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,muragbonita,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2020", 177894478,Pericnemis yakal,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pericnemis,yakal,,,,,"Villanueva & Dow, 2020","

Although Pericnemis yakal is known from Samar and Leyte as well as Mindanao, Villanueva and Dow (2020) expressed some doubts over whether populations from outside of Mindanao really represent the same species. However, all populations are treated as a single species for assessment purposes.

" 177895195,Pseudagrion schieli,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Pseudagrion,schieli,,,,,"Villanueva, 2011",

Both the general appearance and the structure of the anal appendages of Pseudagrion schieli suggest that it might be better placed in Archibasis.

177895199,Teinobasis martinschorri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,martinschorri,,,,,"Villanueva, 2010", 177895217,Teinobasis vincenti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Teinobasis,vincenti,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2017", 177895243,Neallogaster choui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULEGASTRIDAE,Neallogaster,choui,,,,,"Yang & Li, 1994","

Neallogaster choui is considered likely to be a synonym of Cordulegaster jinensis Zhu & Han, 1992 by van Pelt (1996).

" 177895275,Anormogomphus exilocorpus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Anormogomphus,exilocorpus,,,,,"Yousuf & Yunus, 1977","

Anormogomphus exilocorpus appears to differ from A. kiritschenkoi Bartenef, 1913 mainly in size and details of colouration and may prove to be a junior synonym of that species.

" 177895565,Nihonogomphus chaoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,chaoi,,,,,"Zhou & Wu, 1992", 177895602,Nihonogomphus silvanus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nihonogomphus,silvanus,,,,,"Zhou & Wu, 1992", 177895616,Nychogomphus yangi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Nychogomphus,yangi,,,,,"Zhang, 2014", 177895628,Onychogomphus louissiriusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,louissiriusi,,,,,"Fleck, 2020", 177895696,Perissogomphus asahinai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Perissogomphus,asahinai,,,,,"Zhu, Yang & Wu, 2007","

Perissogomphus asahinai is similar to the Himalayan species Perissogomphus stevensi Laidlaw, 1922 from which it appears to differ only in details of its markings that could merely represent variation.

" 177895817,Epophthalmia kuani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MACROMIIDAE,Epophthalmia,kuani,,,,,"Jiang, 1998",

Epophthalmia kuani is doubtfully distinct from Epophthalmia elegans Selys. The anal appendages as illustrated in the original description (Jiang 1998) appear to be within the variation occurring in E. elegans and other characters stated to be diagnostic are either insignificant or appear to be the result of confusion (e.g. the statement that the penis bears three long flagellae when the illustration only shows a very typical penis for the genus with only two long flagellae).

177895834,Bironides ypsilon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Bironides,ypsilon,,,,,"Theischinger, Richards & Toko, 2017", 177895852,Nannophlebia ballerina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nannophlebia,ballerina,,,,,"Theischinger, Richards & Toko, 2017", 177895859,Rhyothemis rita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Rhyothemis,rita,,,,,"Kovács & Theischinger, 2016", 177895877,Nososticta nancowra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,nancowra,,,,,"Rajeshkumar, 2018", 177895940,Coeliccia caerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,caerulea,,,,,"Kompier, Dow & Steinhoff, 2020", 177896023,Coeliccia coronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,coronata,,,,,"Kompier, Dow & Steinhoff, 2020", 177896346,Coeliccia curua,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,curua,,,,,"Kompier, Dow & Steinhoff, 2020", 177896375,Coeliccia diomedea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,diomedea,,,,,"Kompier, Dow & Steinhoff, 2020", 177896480,Coeliccia pulchella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,pulchella,,,,,"Kompier, Dow & Steinhoff, 2020", 177896617,Idiocnemis lakekamuensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,lakekamuensis,,,,,"Gassmann & Richards, 2019", 177896632,Idiocnemis milou,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Idiocnemis,milou,,,,,"Gassmann & Richards, 2019", 177896680,Nososticta purari,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Nososticta,purari,,,,,"Theischinger, Richards & Toko, 2019", 177896700,Papuargia brevistigma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Papuargia,brevistigma,,,,,"Orr & Richards, 2017", 177896752,Rhyacocnemis gassmanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Rhyacocnemis,gassmanni,,,,,"Orr, Richards & Toko, 2019", 177896807,Drepanosticta schorri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,schorri,,,,,"Villanueva, 2011", 22720651,Loxia megaplaga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Loxia,megaplaga,,,,,"Riley, 1916", 22728310,Circus maillardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,maillardi,,,,,"Verreaux, 1862", 22686549,Aerodramus whiteheadi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,whiteheadi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)",Aerodramus whiteheadi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22686507,Aerodramus elaphrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,elaphrus,,,,,"(Oberholser, 1906)",Aerodramus elaphrus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia as C. elaphra. 177754005,Distichodus notospilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Distichodus,notospilus,,,,,"Günther, 1867", 177937692,Nesogonia blackburni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Nesogonia,blackburni,,,,,"(McLachlan, 1883)", 8542,Felis nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Felis,nigripes,,,,,"Burchell, 1824","Two subspecies have been described and these persist in theory (Meester et al. 1986). Felis nigripes nigripes, the nominate genotype form described by Burchell, was first described from near Kuruman in the Northern Cape. Its range includes present-day south eastern Namibia, Botswana, Northern Cape, North West, Gauteng, Limpopo and marginally into Mpumalanga. Felis nigripes thomasi (Shortridge 1931) is described from a specimen collected near Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape. Its range includes the present-day Eastern Cape, westwards to the southern regions of the Northern Cape and the Free State.

However, Smithers (1971) doubted the validity of two subspecies, and his thought is shared by Sliwa (2013) who suggests that the species may be polymorphic in the centre of its range but does exhibit on some geocline variations towards the extremes of its range. The northern race typically tends to be paler with less distinct striping whereas the southern race has a more tawny appearance with bolder patterning. However, since there are no obvious geographical or ecological barriers between the ranges which are the leading causes of genetic drift and speciation (Hoskin et al. 2005), it is likely that the subspecies status is invalid (Wilson 2016)." 22678449,Penelopina nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelopina,nigra,,,,,"(Fraser, 1852)", 22724518,Aethopyga linaraborae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,linaraborae,,,,,"Kennedy, Gonzales & Miranda, 1997", 22708735,Turdus ludoviciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,ludoviciae,,,,,"(Phillips, 1895)", 177956423,Hynobius guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,guttatus,,,,,"Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe & Nishikawa, 2019","This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius stejnegeri prior to its description by Tominaga et al. (2019)." 177956705,Hynobius kuishiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,kuishiensis,,,,,"Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe & Nishikawa, 2019",This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius stejnegeri prior to its description by Tominaga et al. (2019). 177957663,Hynobius tsurugiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,tsurugiensis,,,,,"Tominaga, Matsui, Tanabe & Nishikawa, 2019","This species was previously considered a subpopulation of Hynobius stejnegeri prior to its description by Tominaga et al. (2019)." 22714018,Zosterops modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,modestus,,,,,"Newton, 1867", 177958012,Hynobius mikawaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,mikawaensis,,,,,"Matsui, Misawa, Nishikawa & Shimada, 2017", 177958735,Lieftinckia ulunorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lieftinckia,ulunorum,,,,,"Marinov, 2016", 177958503,Lieftinckia kimminsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Lieftinckia,kimminsi,,,,,"Lieftinck, 1963", 177959139,Hemicordulia tuiwawai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Hemicordulia,tuiwawai,,,,,"Marinov, 2019", 22719061,Ploceus flavipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,flavipes,,,,,"Chapin, 1916", 22705324,Androphobus viridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PSOPHODIDAE,Androphobus,viridis,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1911)", 22718979,Ploceus aureonucha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,aureonucha,,,,,"Sassi, 1920", 22678453,Oreophasis derbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Oreophasis,derbianus,,,,,"Gray, 1844", 22688667,Otus insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,insularis,,,,,"(Tristram, 1880)","Otus magicus and O. tempestatis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. magicus, and O. alfredi, O. siaoensis, O. enganensis, O. insularis and O. beccarii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were split from O. magicus following Widodo et al. (1999), Lambert and Rasmussen (1998), Andrew (1992) and Holt et al. (1999). Prior to that all these taxa were lumped in O. magicus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 177971425,Ladislavella terebra,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Ladislavella,terebra,,,,,"(Westerlund, 1885)","The species was assessed for the European Red List in 2011, and included Ladislavella occulta (Jackiewicz, 1959) at that time. Today, L. occulta is considered an independent species (M.V. Vinarski pers. comm. 2020)." 22678401,Pipile pipile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pipile,pipile,,,,,"(Jacquin, 1784)", 22682485,Anorrhinus galeritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anorrhinus,galeritus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1831)", 22728206,Rhea tarapacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,RHEIDAE,Rhea,tarapacensis,,,,,"(Chubb, 1913)","

Rhea pennata and R. tarapacensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. pennata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22696533,Rollandia microptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Rollandia,microptera,,,,,"(Gould, 1868)", 22678521,Crax rubra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,rubra,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22724229,Leistes defilippii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Leistes,defilippii,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","

Leistes defilippii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Sturnella following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22728282,Geotrygon purpurata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,purpurata,,,,,"(Salvin, 1878)","Geotrygon purpurata and G. saphirina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. saphirina following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22690895,Leptotila ochraceiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,ochraceiventris,,,,,"Chapman, 1914", 22682824,Apalharpactes reinwardtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Apalharpactes,reinwardtii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1822)", 22728956,Colinus virginianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Colinus,virginianus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22689751,Siphonorhis brewsteri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Siphonorhis,brewsteri,,,,,"(Chapman, 1917)", 103672561,Premnoplex pariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Premnoplex,pariae,,,,,"Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1949","Premnoplex tatei and P. pariae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. tatei following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22682447,Anthracoceros montani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anthracoceros,montani,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1880)", 22679576,Dendrortyx barbatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Dendrortyx,barbatus,,,,,"Gould, 1846", 22684789,Cacatua alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,alba,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22724628,Grallaria ridgelyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,ridgelyi,,,,,"Krabbe, Agro, Rice, Jacome, Navarrete & Sornoza, 1999", 155256702,Myrmoderus eowilsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoderus,eowilsoni,,,,,"Moncrieff et al., 2018",Cordillera Azul Antbird Myrmoderus eowilsoni has been accepted as a new species following its description by Moncrieff et al. (2018). The new species is closest in morphological characters and genetics to M. ferrugineus but is highly distinct in both male and female plumages and also in song (‘fewer notes and a slower pace’). 22703378,Grallaricula loricata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaricula,loricata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1857)", 22684800,Cacatua goffiniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,goffiniana,,,,,"(Finsch, 1863)", 157033,Sphyradium doliolum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ORCULIDAE,Sphyradium,doliolum,,,,,"(Bruguière, 1792)", 22679673,Odontophorus dialeucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,dialeucos,,,,,"Wetmore, 1963", 22724748,Cyrtonyx sallei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Cyrtonyx,sallei,,,,,"J. Verreaux, 1859","Cyrtonyx montezumae and C. sallei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. montezumae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), but prior to that had been treated as two species in Collar and Andrew (1988).

" 200296187,Cacatua sulphurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,sulphurea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Closely related to C. galerita and C. ophthalmica. Previous recognised taxon included subspecies citrinocristata (del Hoyo & Collar 2014), but this now split as Citron-crested Cockatoo (which see). Subspecies abbotti strikingly large (except in bill size) (3), with small, pale brownish-yellow ear-covert patch (2). Subspecies djampeana and occidentalis generally regarded as synonyms of nominate subspecies and parvula, respectively, but new evaluation indicates real morphological differences and even possible subspecific division within djampeana (Collar & Marsden 2014). Five subspecies recognized." 22724683,Sylviorthorhynchus yanacensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Sylviorthorhynchus,yanacensis,,,,,"Carriker, 1933",Sylviorthorhynchus yanacensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Leptasthenura yanacensis. 22702200,Asthenes perijana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,perijana,,,,,"(Phelps, 1977)", 22679717,Cyrtonyx ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Cyrtonyx,ocellatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22700764,Phytotoma raimondii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Phytotoma,raimondii,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1883", 22690974,Caloenas nicobarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Caloenas,nicobarica,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 161660,Narcine atzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,atzi,,,,,"Carvalho & Randall, 2003", 161545,Narcine prodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,prodorsalis,,,,,"Bessednov, 1966",The taxonomy of this species remains unresolved and it may prove to be a synonym of the Smallspot Numbfish Narcine maculata (Last et al. 2016). 161445,Narcine timlei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Narcine,timlei,,,,,"(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)", 22679529,Meleagris ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Meleagris,ocellata,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1820)", 185804,Haplochromis niloticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Haplochromis,niloticus,,,,,"Greenwood, 1960","At one time there were two species with the name Haplochromis bayoni, one described as Paratilapia bayoni by Boulenger in 1909 and one described as Tilapia bayoni by Boulenger in 1911. As they both ended up in the same genus, a replacement name had to be given to the youngest. Haplochromis bayoni (Boulenger, 1911) was, therefore, replaced by Haplochromis niloticus by Greenwood in 1960." 22732425,Melanitta americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Melanitta,americana,,,,,"(Swainson, 1832)", 178144049,Encrasicholina sigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Encrasicholina,sigma,,,,,Hata & Motomura 2020,

This species was recently described from 20 specimens and is morphologically similar to Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hata and Motomura 2020).

178144352,Thryssa belvedere,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,ENGRAULIDAE,Thryssa,belvedere,,,,,"(Hata, Quan, Ha, & Motomura, 2020)","

This species was recently described and is closely related to T. chefuensis (Günther 1874). There remains some disagreement as to the validity of the genera Thryssa and Thrissina. Kottelat (2013) regarded the genus Thryssa as a new spelling for, and a junior synonym of, Thrissa and gave precedence to Thrissina over simultaneous synonyms Xenengraulis and Scutengraulis. However, Thryssa is regarded as independent of Thrissa by Fricke et al. (2020), and for the sake of stability, the genus Thryssa is retained.

" 178145699,Acanthogobius hasta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,GOBIIDAE,Acanthogobius,hasta,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)", 22690229,Patagioenas leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,leucocephala,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 178290603,Lucifuga gibarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OPHIDIIFORMES,BYTHITIDAE,Lucifuga,gibarensis,,,,,"Hernández, Møller, Casane & García-Machado, 2020", 22690281,Patagioenas caribaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,caribaea,,,,,"(Jacquin, 1784)", 22690312,Patagioenas inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,inornata,,,,,"(Vigors, 1827)", 22690924,Geotrygon versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,versicolor,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1846)", 22729904,Geotrygon caniceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,caniceps,,,,,"(Gundlach, 1852)","Geotrygon caniceps and G. leucometopia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. caniceps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22729909,Geotrygon leucometopia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geotrygon,leucometopia,,,,,"(Chapman, 1917)","Geotrygon caniceps and G. leucometopia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. caniceps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22690868,Leptotila battyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,battyi,,,,,"Rothschild, 1901", 22690874,Leptotila wellsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Leptotila,wellsi,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1884)", 178394459,Balroglanis carolae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Balroglanis,carolae,,,,,"(Vari & Ferraris, 2013)", 22690901,Zentrygon carrikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zentrygon,carrikeri,,,,,"(Wetmore, 1941)","Zentrygon carrikeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Geotrygon.

Previously, Geotrygon lawrencii (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) had been split into G. lawrencii and G. carrikeri following AOU (1998).

" 22690740,Zenaida graysoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Zenaida,graysoni,,,,,"Lawrence, 1871", 22690970,Starnoenas cyanocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Starnoenas,cyanocephala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22689738,Siphonorhis americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Siphonorhis,americana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 64379,Potamonautes clarus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,clarus,,,,,"Gouws, Stewart & Coke, 2000", 64380,Potamonautes dentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,dentatus,,,,,"Stewart, Coke & Cook, 1995", 64381,Potamonautes depressus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,depressus,,,,,"(Krauss, 1843)",Bott (1955) treated this species as Potamonautes (Potamonautes) depressus depressus. Gouws and Stewart (2001) treated it as Potamonautes depressus depressus and described its distribution and habitat. Cumberlidge and Tavares (2006) argued that this species should properly be referred to as Potamonautes depressus. 64383,Potamonautes granularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,granularis,,,,,"Daniels, Stewart & Gibbons, 1998","This species was described by Daniels, Stewart and Gibbons (1998) who provided details of its distribution and habitat." 64387,Potamonautes parvicorpus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,parvicorpus,,,,,"Daniels, Stewart, Gouws, Cunningham & Matthee, 2002", 176992896,Potamonautes ntendekaensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,ntendekaensis,,,,,"Daniels, Busschau & Cumberlidge, 2019", 176993126,Potamonautes ngoyensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,ngoyensis,,,,,"Daniels, Busschau & Cumberlidge, 2019", 176993210,Potamonautes mhlophe,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,mhlophe,,,,,"Daniels, 2017", 176993881,Potamonautes isimangaliso,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,isimangaliso,,,,,"Peer & Gouws, 2015", 176993965,Potamonautes tuerkayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,tuerkayi,,,,,"Wood & Daniels, 2016",Potamonautes tuerkayi has been diagnosed primarily based on genetic evidence with an overall morphology that is congruent with that of Potamonautes parvicorpus. 177661907,Potamonautes brincki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,POTAMONAUTIDAE,Potamonautes,brincki,,,,,"(Bott, 1960)","Following genetic and morphological work, part of what was formerly included under this name has now been split off as Potamonautes tuerkayi (Wood and Daniels 2016)." 22686440,Cypseloides niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,niger,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22686461,Cypseloides storeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Cypseloides,storeri,,,,,"Navarro, Peterson, Escalante & Benitez D., 1992", 22726267,Cynanthus lawrencei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Cynanthus,lawrencei,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1887)","

Cynanthus latirostris, C. doubledayi and C. lawrencei (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. latirostris following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22687627,Eupherusa poliocerca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eupherusa,poliocerca,,,,,"Elliot, 1871", 155905,Pseudamnicola pisolinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,HYDROBIIDAE,Pseudamnicola,pisolinus,,,,,"(Paladilhe, 1876)","This species was described by Paladilhe from the Hautes-Alpes in the 19th century, but the type locality is doubtful and the species has never been found again in this area. The species was considered as “mysterious” by Boeters and Falkner (2017)." 119194112,Amazilia alfaroana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,alfaroana,,,,,"Underwood, 1896","Amazilia cyanifrons and A. alfaroana (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) were previously lumped as A. cyanifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), but A. alfaroana is now recognised as a good species following Kirwan and Collar (2016), who examined the sole specimen and found species-level differences from cyanifrons and no evidence of characters suggesting that it is a hybrid, with the conclusion that - subject to any future molecular analysis - it is best treated as a separate species." 22687464,Goethalsia bella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Goethalsia,bella,,,,,"Nelson, 1912", 22687461,Goldmania violiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Goldmania,violiceps,,,,,"Nelson, 1911", 41712,Eubalaena glacialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENIDAE,Eubalaena,glacialis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","The taxonomy follows the view of the IWC Scientific Committee and the Society for Marine Mammalogy’s Committee on Taxonomy which now recognize Right Whales in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Southern Hemisphere as three distinct species in the genus Eubalaena, namely E. glacialis (North Atlantic Right Whale), E. japonica (North Pacific Right Whale), and E. australis (Southern Right Whale) (IWC 2004), based mainly on the mtDNA phylogenetic findings of Rosenbaum et al. (2000).

The North Atlantic Right Whale was included in previous Red Lists together with the North Pacific Right Whale under the species name E. glacialis (Baillie and Groombridge 1996).

Rice (1998) classified Right Whales in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Southern Hemisphere as the single species Balaena glacialis, in the genus Balaena along with B. mysticetus, the Bowhead Whale. While not all cetologists accept that the three Right Whale taxa qualify as full biological species, their clear geographical separation means that their treatment as separate taxa for conservation purposes is appropriate." 22688175,Doricha eliza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Doricha,eliza,,,,,"(Lesson & DeLattre, 1839)", 22688214,Mellisuga helenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Mellisuga,helenae,,,,,"(Lembeye, 1850)", 22688296,Selasphorus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Selasphorus,rufus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22715555,Megalurulus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Megalurulus,rufus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1890)",

Megalurulus rufus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Trichocichla rufa.

3797,Capra walie,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,walie,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835","Capra walie is here treated as a distinct species from Capra ibex and Capra nubiana, following Grubb (2005)." 22684340,Coccyzus ferrugineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,ferrugineus,,,,,"Gould, 1843", 22728160,Coccyzus bahamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,bahamensis,,,,,"(Bryant, 1864)","

Coccyzus merlini and C. bahamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. merlini following AOU (2006), and before then were placed in the genus Saurothera as S. merlini following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22728525,Rallus tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,tenuirostris,,,,,"Ridgway, 1874","Rallus elegans and R. tenuirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. elegans following AOU (2000). Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) included tenuirostris within R. longirostris.

" 22731577,Rallus obsoletus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,obsoletus,,,,,"Ridgway, 1874","Rallus longirostris, R. crepitans and R. obsoletus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. longirostris following AOU (2000). Rallus elegans and R. tenuirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. elegans following AOU (2000). Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) included tenuirostris within R. longirostris.

" 22692353,Laterallus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 62155060,Rallus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,elegans,,,,,"Audubon, 1834","Rallus elegans and R. tenuirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. elegans following AOU (2000). Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) included tenuirostris within R. longirostris." 22692737,Cyanolimnas cerverai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Cyanolimnas,cerverai,,,,,"Barbour & Peters, 1927", 22714882,Acrocephalus sechellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,sechellensis,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1877)", 55267,Alytes maurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Alytes,maurus,,,,,"Pasteur & Bons, 1962","This species has been separated from Alytes obstetricans (Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts 2003, Martínez-Solano et al. 2004, Fromhage et al. 2004)." 178756893,Berardius minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Berardius,minimus,,,,,"Yamada, Kitamura & Matsuishi, 2019","

Berardius minimus differs from all of its congeners by having the following unique characters: much smaller body size of physically mature individuals, proportionately shorter beak, and darker body color. Also, within 431 base pairs of mtDNA control region, it can be differentiated from B. bairdii and B. arnuxii at 16 and 22 diagnostic sites, respectively (Yamada et al. 2019).

" 178839665,Poeciliopsis jackschultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Poeciliopsis,jackschultzi,,,,,"Conway, Mateos & Vrijenhoek, 2019", 103692619,Oriolus cruentus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ORIOLIDAE,Oriolus,cruentus,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)","

Oriolus cruentus and O. consanguineus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as O. cruentus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 19172,Babina subaspera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Babina,subaspera,,,,,"(Barbour, 1908)", 22693170,Numenius borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,borealis,,,,,"(Forster, 1772)", 22693876,Charadrius montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,montanus,,,,,"Townsend, 1837", 20738,Steno bredanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Steno,bredanensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)","No subspecies of the Rough-toothed Dolphin (Steno bredanensis) are currently recognized (Committee on Taxonomy 2017). However, based on genetics there is evidence of population structuring, both within and between ocean basins, and even within specific archipelagos (Oremus et al. 2012, Da Silva et al. 2015, Albertson et al. 2016). Analyses of photo-identification and satellite tag data indicate population structuring within the Hawaiian archipelago (Baird et al. 2008, Baird 2016), and similar population structuring has been identified in the Society Islands, French Polynesia, based on photo-identification data (Oremus et al. 2012). It is likely that subpopulation structure exists throughout the species’ range.

Many current publications erroneously attribute the name Steno (Delphinus) bredanensis to G. Cuvier in Lesson (1828), rather than to Lesson (1828) (Smeenk 2018), and this latter attribution is now followed by the Committee on Taxonomy (2020)." 57334,Telmatobius culeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,culeus,,,,,"(Garman, 1875)","Telmatobius albiventris and T. crawfordi were synonymized with this species by Benavides, Ortiz and Sites (2002)." 22685346,Agapornis fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Agapornis,fischeri,,,,,"Reichenow, 1887", 22694296,Larus heermanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,heermanni,,,,,"Cassin, 1852", 22694716,Onychoprion aleuticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Onychoprion,aleuticus,,,,,"(Baird, 1869)",Onychoprion aleuticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna as S. aleutica.

22718452,Anthus crenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,crenatus,,,,,"Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870", 22694268,Rynchops albicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Rynchops,albicollis,,,,,"Swainson, 1838", 22694552,Thalasseus elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Thalasseus,elegans,,,,,"(Gambel, 1849)",Thalasseus elegans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22694870,Brachyramphus marmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Brachyramphus,marmoratus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22718467,Anthus hoeschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,hoeschi,,,,,"Stresemann, 1938", 62101249,Synthliboramphus scrippsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Synthliboramphus,scrippsi,,,,,"(Green and Arnold, 1939)","Synthliboramphus hypoleucus and S. scrippsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. hypoleucus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 39758,Nycticebus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Lacépède, 1800)","

This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of Nycticebus coucang, with which there is a small hybridization zone in peninsular Thailand. Based on genetic evidence, it was elevated to species level by Roos (2003). Considerable variation exists in body size (850–2,100 g), genetics and coat colour (white to crimson red; absence of head forks to possession of light head forks) in this taxon, which may lead to at least three new taxa being described. 

" 22718048,Aethopyga primigenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,primigenia,,,,,"(Hachisuka, 1941)", 22713719,Apalis fuscigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,fuscigularis,,,,,"Moreau, 1938", 22718059,Aethopyga boltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Aethopyga,boltoni,,,,,"Mearns, 1905", 22719716,Erythrura coloria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Erythrura,coloria,,,,,"Ripley & Rabor, 1961", 22694887,Synthliboramphus craveri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Synthliboramphus,craveri,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1865)", 22724428,Caprimulgus solala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,solala,,,,,"Safford, Ash, Duckworth, Telfer & Zewdie, 1995", 22708101,Chaetops aurantius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHAETOPIDAE,Chaetops,aurantius,,,,,"Layard, 1867", 177960606,Coeliccia lephuocdieui,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,lephuocdieui,,,,,"Phan, Ngo & Bui, 2020", 145789285,Drepanosticta gazelle,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,gazelle,,,,,"Theischinger & Richards, 2017", 145789335,Drepanosticta johncanni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYSTICTIDAE,Drepanosticta,johncanni,,,,,"Theischinger, Richards & Toko, 2018", 81657710,Rana kobai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,kobai,,,,,"Matsui, 2011","Matsui (2007) determined that Rana okinavana is a senior synonym of R. psaltes that occurs in the Southern Ryukyus and Taiwan. This meant that the brown frogs of the Central Ryukyus that had been referred to as R. okinavana, no longer had a name. Further taxonomic study determined that there were in fact two genetically and morphologically distinct lineages, and hence they were described as two new species, Rana kobai and Rana ulma (Matsui 2011)." 22693814,Charadrius pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,pallidus,,,,,"Strickland, 1852", 22706593,Edolisoma dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,dispar,,,,,"Salvadori, 1878",

Edolisoma dispar (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina dispar.

 

22693785,Charadrius sanctaehelenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,sanctaehelenae,,,,,"(Harting, 1873)", 22688049,Taphrolesbia griseiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Taphrolesbia,griseiventris,,,,,"(Taczanowski, 1883)", 22682989,Electron carinatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MOMOTIDAE,Electron,carinatum,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1847)", 22681417,Campephilus imperialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,imperialis,,,,,"(Gould, 1832)", 22681293,Colaptes fernandinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,fernandinae,,,,,"Vigors, 1827", 22686209,Amazona collaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,collaria,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22686201,Amazona leucocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,leucocephala,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22687078,Campylopterus ensipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,ensipennis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1822)", 22720844,Drepanis coccinea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Drepanis,coccinea,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)","

Drepanis coccinea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Vestiaria following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 58699,Pelophylax porosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,porosus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)","Pelophylax porosus is divided into two very distinct allopatric subspecies: P. p. porosus (Cope, 1868) and P. p. brevipodus (Okada 1966). In addition, within P. p. brevipodus two forms (Nagoya and Okayama race) have been reported. It is still unknown whether the two forms are geographically separated or distributed sympatrically with mutual genetic introgression (Nagai et al. 2018).


" 179262953,Coeliccia yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,yunnanensis,,,,,"Dow & Zhang, 2020", 167208,Agriocnemis femina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Agriocnemis,femina,,,,,"(Brauer, 1868)","

There is considerable variation across the range of this species; this variation needs to be re-examined, at present a subspecies, Agriocnemis femina oryzae is recognised from parts of the range.

" 58625,Rana japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,japonica,,,,,"Boulenger, 1879",This form might be a complex of more than one species. 22717931,Cinnyris loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,loveridgei,,,,,"Hartert, 1922","

Cinnyris loveridgei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22686215,Amazona ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,ventralis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22717954,Cinnyris rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,rufipennis,,,,,"(Jensen, 1983)","

Cinnyris rufipennis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22686239,Amazona vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,vittata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22709978,Copsychus sechellarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Copsychus,sechellarum,,,,,"Newton, 1865", 22727890,Coracopsis barklyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Coracopsis,barklyi,,,,,Newton 1867,"Coracopsis nigra, C. barklyi and C. sibilans (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. nigra following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22686268,Amazona finschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,finschi,,,,,"(Sclater, 1864)", 22684360,Coccyzus rufigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,rufigularis,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1852", 22686387,Amazona versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,versicolor,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22695849,Buteogallus solitarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteogallus,solitarius,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)",Buteogallus solitarius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Harpyhaliaetus. 22724980,Mentocrex beankaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Mentocrex,beankaensis,,,,,"(Goodman, 2011)","Mentocrex beankaensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Canirallus. This cryptic species was described by Goodman et al. (2011)." 22686337,Amazona oratrix,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,oratrix,,,,,"Ridgway, 1887", 79128013,Rana neba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,neba,,,,,"Ryuzaki, Hasegawa & Kuramoto, 2014","Subpopulations of this species were previously considered Rana tagoi, prior to its description (Ryuzaki et al. 2014)." 58688,Rana ornativentris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,ornativentris,,,,,"Werner, 1903", 58708,Rana sakuraii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,sakuraii,,,,,"Matsui &. Matsui, 1990","

This species was previously considered Rana tagoi, prior to its description (Matsui and Matsui 1990).

" 58741,Rana tsushimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,tsushimensis,,,,,"Stejneger, 1907", 22682255,Nystactes noanamae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,BUCCONIDAE,Nystactes,noanamae,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1909)",Nystactes noanamae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Bucco. 45359950,Capito fitzpatricki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,fitzpatricki,,,,,"Seeholzer, Winger, Harvey, Caceres & Weckstein, 2012",Capito fitzpatricki (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly described by Seeholzer et al. (2012). 22681158,Leuconotopicus borealis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Leuconotopicus,borealis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1809)",Leuconotopicus borealis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Picoides. 22708233,Monticola explorator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Monticola,explorator,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 45430583,Amazona guatemalae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,guatemalae,,,,,"(Sclater, 1860)","Amazona farinosa and A. guatemalae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. farinosa following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22721439,Atlapetes flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,flaviceps,,,,,"Chapman, 1912", 179385431,Dicaeum dayakorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,dayakorum,,,,,"Saucier et al., 2019","Saucier et al. (2019) describe the Spectacled Flowerpecker Dicaeum dayakorum from Borneo based on a single female specimen collected after a decade of observations and photographs of birds across the island. Their diagnosis reports:

Phenotypically assignable to the genus Dicaeum Cuvier, 1816, by short thin bill, specialized (bifid and semi-tubular) tongue morphology (Fig. 4), and a greatly reduced outermost primary feather… Diagnosable as distinct from other species of Dicaeum by the following combination of characters; (1) rows of white orbital feathers above and below the eye, forming thin, but conspicuous white arcs; (2) entirely gray and white plumage coloration with no evidence of carotenoid pigments in the adult plumage; (3) short distal bill length (6 mm from nares to bill tip). Field observations indicate that the eye-arcs of putative males are even more strongly expressed than in the female holotype. The strong white eye-arcs of D. dayakorum are unique in Dicaeidae, although traces of pale eye-arcs are known to be present in female and juvenile plumages of a few other species (e.g. D. monticolum, D. agile, D. pygmaeum). Red and yellow carotenoid pigments are evident in the plumage of most species of Dicaeum. The apparent lack of these pigments in the adult female holotype and field observations of putative adult males sets D. dayakorum apart from most of its congeners.

This new species is thus valid and is accepted by BirdLife." 22690392,Nesoenas mayeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Nesoenas,mayeri,,,,,"(Prévost, 1843)","

Nesoenas picturata and N. mayeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. picturata following Cheke (2005), and before that N. picturata and N. mayeri were present in the genus Streptopelia following Johnson et al. (2001), and before that were present in the genus Columba following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). 

" 22686403,Amazona guildingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,guildingii,,,,,"(Vigors, 1837)", 22685923,Forpus cyanopygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Forpus,cyanopygius,,,,,"(Souancé, 1856)", 45422623,Pyrrhura eisenmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,eisenmanni,,,,,"Delgado, 1985","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22685772,Rhynchopsitta terrisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Rhynchopsitta,terrisi,,,,,"Moore, 1947", 22694262,Rynchops flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Rynchops,flavirostris,,,,,"Vieillot, 1816", 45418540,Eupsittula nana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eupsittula,nana,,,,,"(Vigors, 1830)","Eupsittula nana and E. astec (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Aratinga and lumped as A. nana following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22687863,Sephanoides fernandensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Sephanoides,fernandensis,,,,,"(King, 1831)", 119194858,Poicephalus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Poicephalus,robustus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)","Poicephalus robustus and P. fuscicollis (HBW and BirdLife International 2017) were previously lumped as P. robustus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014), but have been split following work by Collar and Fishpool (2017) who showed that the form robustus reached species rank under the Tobias criteria on morphological scoring alone, with the difference augmented by voice (7+3 = 10). The newly-defined P. robustus is monotypic, while P. fuscicollis is polytypic, including the races fuscicollis and suahelicus." 22685548,Ara militaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,militaris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22685695,Psittacara chloropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,chloropterus,,,,,"(Souancé, 1856)",Psittacara chloropterus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga as A. chloroptera. 22718945,Ploceus golandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,golandi,,,,,"(Clarke, 1913)", 22703501,Scytalopus panamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,panamensis,,,,,"Chapman, 1915", 22702726,Margarornis bellulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Margarornis,bellulus,,,,,"Nelson, 1912", 22700874,Cotinga ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cotinga,ridgwayi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1887", 58054,Pelobates varaldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELOBATIDAE,Pelobates,varaldii,,,,,"Pasteur & Bons, 1959", 22686395,Amazona arausiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,arausiaca,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22700907,Carpodectes antoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Carpodectes,antoniae,,,,,"Ridgway, 1884", 22686411,Amazona imperialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,imperialis,,,,,"Richmond, 1899", 22699191,Nesotriccus ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Nesotriccus,ridgwayi,,,,,"Townsend, 1895", 22694699,Sternula balaenarum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sternula,balaenarum,,,,,"Strickland, 1852",Sternula balaenarum (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Sterna.

22700516,Tyrannus cubensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Tyrannus,cubensis,,,,,"Richmond, 1898", 22708740,Turdus helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,helleri,,,,,"(Mearns, 1913)", 45422401,Pyrrhura subandina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,subandina,,,,,"Todd, 1917","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22719031,Ploceus nicolli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,nicolli,,,,,"Sclater, 1931", 22687828,Coeligena orina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,orina,,,,,"Wetmore, 1953", 169229923,Squalus blainville,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,blainville,,,,,"(Risso, 1827)","Previously considered to also occur in the Northwest Pacific, a separate species that is likely endemic to the Northwest Pacific, that is Squalus formosus, has now been split from S. blainville and S. blainville occurs only in the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea (White and Iglésias 2013). This species has a historically unstable nomenclature that has confused its identification with other Squalus spp. across its range (Veríssimo et al. 2017)." 45422600,Pyrrhura caeruleiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,caeruleiceps,,,,,"Todd, 1947","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22714578,Scepomycter winifredae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Scepomycter,winifredae,,,,,"(Moreau, 1938)",

Scepomycter winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bathmocercus winifredae.

22699767,Aphanotriccus capitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Aphanotriccus,capitalis,,,,,"(Salvin, 1865)", 22705194,Vireo bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,bairdi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1885", 22705042,Lanius ludovicianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,ludovicianus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 22685867,Pyrrhura calliptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,calliptera,,,,,"(Massena & Souancé, 1854)", 22705874,Pica nutalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Pica,nutalli,,,,,"(Audubon, 1837)",

Pica nutalli (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as P. nuttalli.

22688694,Otus pauliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,pauliani,,,,,"(Benson, 1960)", 22705608,Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Gymnorhinus,cyanocephalus,,,,,"Wied, 1841", 22685690,Psittacara euops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,euops,,,,,"(Wagler, 1832)",Psittacara euops (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga. 22701358,Clytoctantes alixii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Clytoctantes,alixii,,,,,"Elliot, 1870", 22692245,Sarothrura ayresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,ayresi,,,,,"(Gurney, 1877)", 22705629,Aphelocoma coerulescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Aphelocoma,coerulescens,,,,,"(Bosc, 1795)", 22696623,Podiceps taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,taczanowskii,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894", 22705726,Cyanocorax dickeyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cyanocorax,dickeyi,,,,,"Moore, 1935", 22692358,Laterallus tuerosi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,tuerosi,,,,,"Fjeldså, 1983", 22712080,Tachycineta cyaneoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Tachycineta,cyaneoviridis,,,,,"(Bryant, 1859)", 22712107,Progne sinaloae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,sinaloae,,,,,"Nelson, 1898", 22711341,Hylorchilus sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Hylorchilus,sumichrasti,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1871)", 22711346,Hylorchilus navai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Hylorchilus,navai,,,,,"Crossin & Ely, 1973", 22711392,Ferminia cerverai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Ferminia,cerverai,,,,,"Barbour, 1926", 22678160,Nothocercus nigrocapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Nothocercus,nigrocapillus,,,,,"(G. R. Gray, 1867)", 22711493,Troglodytes tanneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,tanneri,,,,,"Townsend, 1890", 22711380,Troglodytes sissonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Troglodytes,sissonii,,,,,"(Grayson, 1868)", 22678213,Crypturellus duidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,duidae,,,,,"Zimmer, 1938", 136858,Colobus caudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Colobus,caudatus,,,,,"Thomas, 1885","Butynski and De Jong (2018) provide a detailed account of the taxonomic history of this species. Although described by Thomas (1885) as a subspecies of Colobus guereza, De Rochebrune (1887) considered it sufficiently distinct to be a species; a classification that was accepted by most other taxonomists at that time. Schwarz (1929), however, designated all the black-and-white colobus monkeys to just one species, Colobus polykomos (Zimmermann 1780) with 20 subspecies, caudatus one of them. Pocock (1935) argued that there were four species of black-and-white colobus, and his proposition was taken up by Dandelot (1965, 1968, 1974), resulting in the acceptance of five species today—polykomos, vellerosus, guereza, satanas and angolensis—but caudatus was left behind as a subspecies of guereza. Using the Phylogenetic Species Concept, Butynski and De Jong (2018) argued that caudatus should be considered a species on the basis of its geographic isolation, distinctive cranial morphology and coat colour patterns, and its calls—Oates et al. (2000; p.444) found significant differences in the loud call of caudatus from Mt Meru, Tanzania, when compared with Colobus guereza occidentalis." 22711293,Campylorhynchus yucatanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Campylorhynchus,yucatanicus,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1934)", 61432,Phelsuma astriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,astriata,,,,,"Tornier, 1901", 22711137,Ramphocinclus brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Ramphocinclus,brachyurus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 61428,Ailuronyx seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ailuronyx,seychellensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)","Rocha et al. (2017) identified cryptic diversity within Ailuronyx seychellensis based on both morphological and molecular evidence which suggested the existence of at least distinct northern and southern species-level clades. Although these authors took no taxonomic action and did not sample every island where the species is reported to occur, they recommended further investigation into the taxonomy of this species." 61429,Ailuronyx tachyscopaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ailuronyx,tachyscopaeus,,,,,"Gerlach & Canning, 1996","Rocha et al. (2017) identified ""considerable levels of genetic diversity and extensive geographical structure"" within Ailuronyx tachyscopaeus based on both morphological and molecular evidence, and identified two candidate species Although these authors took no taxonomic action, they recommended further investigation into the taxonomy of this species." 61430,Ailuronyx trachygaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ailuronyx,trachygaster,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1851)", 61434,Phelsuma sundbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,sundbergi,,,,,"Rendahl, 1939","Species and subspecific boundaries within Seychelles Phelsuma are unclear, and Phelsuma sundbergi longinsulae has variously been treated as a subspecies or a full species. Rocha et al. (2013) examined molecular variation in this group and recommended that, pending further research, this was best reflected by retaining the three recognized subspecies: P. s. sundbergi, P. s. longinsulae and P. s. ladinguensis." 61435,Urocotyledon inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Urocotyledon,inexpectata,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1893)","This species exhibits little evidence of gene flow, and deep divergence between some lineages suggests that cryptic diversity exists (Rocha et al. 2011)." 61426,Lamprophis geometricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lamprophis,geometricus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","This species is ""not particularly distinct"" from African members of the genus (Rocha et al. 2009), and its validity as a full species is uncertain (Kopeczky and Gemel 2016)." 61427,Lycognathophis seychellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Lycognathophis,seychellensis,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)","We follow Smith and Wallach (1994) in including this species in the monotypic genus Lycognathophis, rather than in Scopelophis, as proposed by Dowling (1990). This is supported by more recent molecular studies, which confirm its placement within Natricidae (e.g. Pyron et al. 2013, Zaher et al. 2019). Genetic evidence indicates that this species belongs to an ancient lineage, having diverged from African relatives around 35 million years ago (Deepak et al. 2021)." 61437,Janetaescincus braueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Janetaescincus,braueri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1896)","The genus Janetaescincus was established by Greer (1970), and is endemic to the Seychelles. The two nominal species in this genus are frequently treated as a single species, J. braueri, following Cheke (1984) and a series of subsequent resurrections and re-synonymizations (Bowler et al. 2006). The first genetic study on this genus suggests greater divergence than is represented by a two-species model, with at least three lineages on Silhouette alone (Harris et al. 2015). These authors recommend recognizing considering Janetaescincus as a single species complex under the name J. braueri, pending further taxonomic research.

For the sake of taxonomic stability, these assessments retain the two-species approach adopted in prior Red List assessments pending clarification of species boundaries, with the caveat that neither a one- nor a two-species model accurately reflects our current understanding of diversity in this group (S. Rocha and J. Harris pers. comms. 2020)." 61438,Janetaescincus veseyfitzgeraldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Janetaescincus,veseyfitzgeraldi,,,,,"(Parker, 1947)","The genus Janetaescincus was established by Greer (1970), and is endemic to the Seychelles. The two nominal species in this genus are frequently treated as a single species, J. braueri, following Cheke (1984) and a series of subsequent resurrections and re-synonymizations (Bowler et al. 2006). The first genetic study on this genus suggests greater divergence than is represented by a two-species model, with at least three lineages on Silhouette alone (Harris et al. 2015). These authors recommend recognizing considering Janetaescincus as a single species complex under the name J. braueri, pending further taxonomic research.

For the sake of taxonomic stability, these assessments retain the two-species approach adopted in prior Red List assessments pending clarification of species boundaries, with the caveat that neither a one- nor a two-species model accurately reflects our current understanding of diversity in this group (S. Rocha and J. Harris pers. comms. 2020)." 61439,Pamelaescincus gardineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Pamelaescincus,gardineri,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1909)","The monotypic genus Pamelaescincus was established by Greer (1970), and is endemic to the Seychelles. Molecular evidence suggests that two highly divergent clades exist within this species as presently understood, and morphological research is needed to determine whether taxonomic changes are necessary (Valente et al. 2014)." 61440,Trachylepis sechellensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,sechellensis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)","In a range-wide review of the two Seychelles species of Trachylepis, Gerlach (2005) referred the doubtful subspecies Trachylepis wrightii ilotensis to the synonymy of T. sechellensis on morphological grounds. Subsequent surveys and molecular research have confirmed that both species are present on the island, but do not support the existence of a distinct subspecies T. w. itolensis (Rocha et al. 2013)  These authors' data indicate that the species has undergone widespread hybridization with T. wrightii and mtDNA replacement in the south of its range (Mahé, Fregaté and north Silhouette). This is expected to have resulted in the extinction of some genetic lineages within the latter species, but there appears to be no ongoing hybridization (Rocha et al. 2016)." 61441,Trachylepis wrightii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,wrightii,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","In a range-wide review of the two Seychelles species of Trachylepis, Gerlach (2005) referred the doubtful subspecies Trachylepis wrightii ilotensis to the synonymy of T. sechellensis on morphological grounds." 22678220,Crypturellus atrocapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,atrocapillus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22711084,Mimus graysoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,graysoni,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1871)", 22711105,Toxostoma guttatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,guttatum,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1885)", 22711108,Toxostoma bendirei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Toxostoma,bendirei,,,,,"(Coues, 1873)", 8790,Paragalago zanzibaricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Paragalago,zanzibaricus,,,,,"(Matschie, 1893)","

A phylogenetic analysis of the lorisiform primates by Pozzi et al. (2015) showed that Galagoides demidoff and Galagoides thomasi comprise a clade separate from other species currently in the genus Galagoides: G. rondoensis, G. orinus, G. zanzibaricus, G. cocos, and G. granti. This latter group is sister to the lesser galagos Galago É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796, with the two lineages diverging about 15 mya. As such, this latter group has been allocated to a new genus, Paragalago (Masters et al. 2017). Galagoides is now restricted to the more western forms: demidoff (G. Fischer, 1808), thomasi (Elliot, 1907), and kumbirensis Svensson et al.,2017.

Two subspecies, both endemic to Tanzania, are listed here following Butynski et al. (2006) and Honess et al. (2013), the nominate form from Unguja (Zanzibar) Island and P. z. udzungwensis from the mainland. A population discovered in Mlola Forest Reserve, Mafia Island, has not been identified to subspecies level (A. Perkin pers. obs. 2008).


" 22688279,Chaetocercus berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chaetocercus,berlepschi,,,,,"Simon, 1889", 22708955,Turdus swalesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,swalesi,,,,,"(Wetmore, 1927)", 22721232,Peucaea sumichrasti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,sumichrasti,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1871)", 54678,Sclerophrys kassasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,kassasii,,,,,"(Baha el Din, 1993)",This species was formerly confused with Amietophrynus vittatus. 22687529,Amazilia luciae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,luciae,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1867)", 22721256,Peucaea aestivalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Peucaea,aestivalis,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1823)", 59462,Pleurodeles poireti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pleurodeles,poireti,,,,,"(Gervais, 1836)","Carranza and Wade (2004) showed that most of the animals from North Africa previously referred to as Pleurodeles poireti actually belong to P. nebulosus, true P. poireti being restricted to the Edough Peninsula in northern Algeria. The two species hybridize in a broad contact zone in the east of the coastal plain of El Taref (Berrihane and Lac des Oiseaux) and in the west in Guerbes-Foret des Senhaja (Djendel, Skikda) (Escoriza et al. 2016)." 14294,Naemorhedus baileyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Naemorhedus,baileyi,,,,,"Pocock, 1914","Goral Naemorhedus spp. taxonomy was recently clarified by Mori et al. (2019) based on mitochondrial DNA. Three goral species are now recognised: long-tailed goral Naemorhedus caudatus, red goral Naemorhedus baileyi and Himalayan goral Naemorhedus goral. Only one species of red goral has been confirmed, all current and earlier references to Naemorhedus cranbrooki should be considered as N. baileyi." 61919,Pleurodeles nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Pleurodeles,nebulosus,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1850)","Carranza and Wade (2004) showed that most of the animals from North Africa previously referred to as Pleurodeles poireti actually belong to Pleurodeles nebulosus, true P. poireti being restricted to the Edough Peninsula in northeastern Algeria. The two species hybridize in a broad contact zone, in the east of the coastal plain of El Taref (Berrihane and Lac des Oiseaux) and in the west in Guerbes-Foret des Senhaja (Djendel, Skikda) (Escoriza et al. 2016). Three geographically distinct haplotype clades have been identified: the eastern clade, present in north-eastern Tunisia to the Algerian border (between Cap Bon and El Ayoun); the central clade, present between the wilaya of Skikda and Constantine (Algeria) to southern Jendouba (Tunisia) and the western clade; between the wilaya of Jijel and Algiers (Carranza and Arnold 2004, Escoriza et al. 2016)." 54594,Barbarophryne brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Barbarophryne,brongersmai,,,,,"(Hoogmoed, 1972)", 103773037,Pipilo socorroensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pipilo,socorroensis,,,,,"Grayson, 1867",

Pipilo maculatus and P. socorroensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. maculatus following AOU (1998 and supplements); Stotz et al. (1996).

22698280,Pelecanoides garnotii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pelecanoides,garnotii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1828)", 103777087,Junco bairdi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Junco,bairdi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1883","

Junco phaeonotus and J. bairdi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as J. phaeonotus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22721082,Zonotrichia querula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Zonotrichia,querula,,,,,"(Nuttall, 1840)", 22701390,Dysithamnus leucostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Dysithamnus,leucostictus,,,,,"Sclater, 1858", 103780279,Passerculus sanctorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerculus,sanctorum,,,,,"Coues, 1884","

Passerculus sandwichensis, P. guttatus, P. sanctorum and P. rostratus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. sandwichensis following AERC TAC (2003); AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

" 103658063,Thamnophilus shumbae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Thamnophilus,shumbae,,,,,"Carriker, 1934","

Thamnophilus bernardi and T. shumbae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Sakesphorus bernardi following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22735434,Sturnella magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Sturnella,magna,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Sturnella magna (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) and S. lilianae (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) have been lumped as S. magna following AOU (1998), who note the two groups differ in plumage, morphology, and habitat preferences (Lanyon 1962; Rohwer 1972, 1976), but are quite similar in vocalizations (Lanyon 1962)." 22701368,Xenornis setifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Xenornis,setifrons,,,,,"Chapman, 1924", 175942795,Merodon kozufensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,kozufensis,,,,,"Radenković & Vujić, 2020",
 175944745,Merodon medium,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,medium,,,,,"Vujić, Likov & Radenković, 2020",
 175944635,Merodon olympius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,olympius,,,,,"Vujić & Radenković, 2020",
 175944666,Merodon orjensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,orjensis,,,,,"Radenković & Vujić, 2020",


175922919,Merodon atricapillatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,atricapillatus,,,,,"Šašić, Ačanski & Vujić, 2018",
 175923879,Merodon rojoi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Merodon,rojoi,,,,,"Vujić & Radenković, 2020",
 22724150,Icterus bonana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,bonana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22724163,Nesopsar nigerrimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Nesopsar,nigerrimus,,,,,"(Osburn, 1859)", 22724329,Euphagus carolinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Euphagus,carolinus,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22692162,Grus nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,nigricollis,,,,,"Przevalski, 1876",MtDNA analyses indicate that this species and G. monacha are each other’s closest relatives (Krajewski & King 1996). Monotypic. 61173094,Coeligena consita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,consita,,,,,"Wetmore & Phelps, Jr., 1952","Coeligena bonapartei, C. consita and C. eos (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. bonapartei following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22721607,Vermivora bachmanii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Vermivora,bachmanii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1833)", 22721873,Leucopeza semperi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Leucopeza,semperi,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22721851,Geothlypis speciosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,speciosa,,,,,"Sclater, 1859", 22721842,Geothlypis flavovelata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,flavovelata,,,,,"Ridgway, 1896", 22721755,Catharopeza bishopi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Catharopeza,bishopi,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1878)", 22721749,Setophaga angelae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,angelae,,,,,"Kepler & Parkes, 1972","

Setophaga angelae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22694140,Glareola ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Glareola,ocularis,,,,,"Verreaux, 1833", 22680459,Bucephala islandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Bucephala,islandica,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 103798676,Setophaga graysoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,graysoni,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1887)","

Setophaga pitiayumi and S. graysoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously placed in the genus Parula and lumped as P. pitiayumi following AOU (1998 & supplements); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22717653,Hedydipna pallidigaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Hedydipna,pallidigaster,,,,,"(Sclater & Moreau, 1935)","

Hedydipna pallidigaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Anthreptes following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22688807,Megascops barbarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Megascops,barbarus,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1868)", 22718444,Hemimacronyx chloris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Hemimacronyx,chloris,,,,,"(Lichtenstein, 1842)","

Hemimacronyx chloris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Anthus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22721728,Setophaga vitellina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,vitellina,,,,,"Cory, 1886","Setophaga vitellina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996)." 22722301,Phaenicophilus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHAENICOPHILIDAE,Phaenicophilus,poliocephalus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1851)", 22722076,Xenoligea montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHAENICOPHILIDAE,Xenoligea,montana,,,,,"(Chapman, 1917)", 22722939,Tangara phillipsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Tangara,phillipsi,,,,,"Graves & Weske, 1987", 22722592,Bangsia aureocincta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Bangsia,aureocincta,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1910)", 15640,Otocolobus manul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Otocolobus,manul,,,,,"(Pallas, 1776)","

The Pallas’s Cat has retained the monotypic genus Otocolobus and has been placed within the Leopard Cat lineage (Johnson et al. 2006). O'Brien and Johnson (2007) estimated that Otocolobus manul diverged from a Leopard Cat ancestor approximately 5.9 million years ago. There have been no recent molecular or morphological studies on the species, and two subspecies (O. m. manul [Pallas, 1776] in the Southwest and Central Asia and O. m. nigripectus [Hodgson, 1842] in the Himalayas) have been tentatively suggested, largely based on variation in pelage colouration (Kitchener et al. 2017). 

" 22723904,Pseudosaltator rufiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pseudosaltator,rufiventris,,,,,"d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837","

Pseudosaltator rufiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Saltator following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22718907,Ploceus ruweti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,ruweti,,,,,"Louette & Benson, 1982", 103804320,Granatellus francescae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Granatellus,francescae,,,,,"Baird, 1865","

Granatellus venustus and G. francescae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. venustus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22694537,Sterna aurantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Sterna,aurantia,,,,,"Gray, 1831", 22723960,Passerina rositae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Passerina,rositae,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1874)", 136458,Microcebus jollyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,jollyae,,,,,"Louis Jr., Coles, Andriantompohavana, Sommer, Engberg, Zaonarivelo, Mayor & Brenneman, 2006", 22689038,Scotopelia ussheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Scotopelia,ussheri,,,,,"Sharpe, 1871", 103813101,Pyrrhulagra nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pyrrhulagra,nigra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Pyrrhulagra nigra and P. taylori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Melopyrrha as M. nigra following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103813133,Pyrrhulagra taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pyrrhulagra,taylori,,,,,"(Hartert, 1896)","

Pyrrhulagra nigra and P. taylori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped and placed in the genus Melopyrrha as M. nigra following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22723725,Melanospiza richardsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Melanospiza,richardsoni,,,,,"(Cory, 1886)", 22723792,Pinaroloxias inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Pinaroloxias,inornata,,,,,"(Gould, 1843)", 22722558,Bangsia arcaei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Bangsia,arcaei,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1869)", 22680412,Somateria fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Somateria,fischeri,,,,,"(Brandt, 1847)", 22693845,Charadrius bicinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,bicinctus,,,,,"Jardine & Selby, 1827", 22722236,Poospiza goeringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,goeringi,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1870)","

Poospiza goeringi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Hemispingus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722099,Conirostrum tamarugense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conirostrum,tamarugense,,,,,"Johnson & Millie, 1972", 22723898,Saltator cinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Saltator,cinctus,,,,,"Zimmer, 1943", 22686342,Amazona auropalliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,auropalliata,,,,,"(Lesson, 1842)", 22721891,Cardellina versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Cardellina,versicolor,,,,,"(Salvin, 1864)","

Cardellina versicolor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ergaticus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22722025,Basileuterus ignotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Basileuterus,ignotus,,,,,"Nelson, 1912", 22729426,Setophaga subita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,subita,,,,,"Riley, 1904", 22696446,Falco concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,concolor,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 22721129,Ammospiza caudacuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Ammospiza,caudacuta,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)",

Ammospiza caudacuta (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ammodramus and listed as A. caudacutus following AOU (1998 & supplements).

 

103811282,Foudia aldabrana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Foudia,aldabrana,,,,,"Ridgway, 1893","

Foudia eminentissima, F. consobrina and F. aldabrana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. eminentissima following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22691076,Alopecoenas hoedtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,hoedtii,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)",Alopecoenas hoedtii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 22708464,Geokichla guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,guttata,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",

Geokichla guttata (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera guttata.

22681911,Capito squamatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,squamatus,,,,,"Salvin, 1876", 180502386,Gymnura sereti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,sereti,,,,,"Yokota & Carvalho, 2017",This species has been split from Gymnura micra and is morphologically similar but can be distinguished on the basis of clasper morphology and disc shape (Yokota and de Carvalho 2017). 22681920,Capito quinticolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Capito,quinticolor,,,,,"Elliot, 1865", 49254423,Teinopodagrion macropus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,MEGAPODAGRIONIDAE,Teinopodagrion,macropus,,,,,"(Selys, 1862)", 22685857,Pyrrhura rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,rupicola,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22686000,Nannopsittaca dachilleae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Nannopsittaca,dachilleae,,,,,"O'Neil, Munn & Franke, 1991", 22720493,Carpodacus sillemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Carpodacus,sillemi,,,,,"(Roselaar, 1992)",

Carpodacus sillemi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Leucosticte following Roselaar (1992).

22724209,Agelaius xanthomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelaius,xanthomus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1862)", 22714832,Acrocephalus vaughani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,vaughani,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1900)", 179262745,Coeliccia tongbiguan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Coeliccia,tongbiguan,,,,,"Dow & Zhang, 2020", 22724196,Agelaius tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Agelaius,tricolor,,,,,"(Audubon, 1837)", 22721040,Calcarius ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALCARIIDAE,Calcarius,ornatus,,,,,"(Townsend, 1837)", 22686231,Amazona agilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,agilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 103656460,Erythropitta meeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,meeki,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1898)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22702956,Clibanornis erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Clibanornis,erythrocephalus,,,,,"(Chapman, 1919)",Clibanornis erythrocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Hylocryptus erythrocephalus. 22732871,Apteryx rowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,APTERYGIDAE,Apteryx,rowi,,,,,"Tennyson, Palma, Robertson, Worthy & Gill, 2003","Apteryx australis, A. mantelli and A. rowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously treated as A. australis and A. mantelli (incorporating rowi) following Baker et al. (1995); prior to that all three taxa were lumped as A. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22702624,Phacellodomus dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Phacellodomus,dorsalis,,,,,"Salvin, 1895", 22716326,Chrysomma altirostre,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Chrysomma,altirostre,,,,,"Jerdon, 1862",The genus Chrysomma has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Three subspecies recognized. 22689320,Xenoglaux loweryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Xenoglaux,loweryi,,,,,"O'Neill & Graves, 1977", 22706202,Cicinnurus respublica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Cicinnurus,respublica,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22710153,Cochoa azurea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Cochoa,azurea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)", 22728467,Catharus bicknelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Catharus,bicknelli,,,,,"(Ridgway, 1882)", 157924,Dorcus musimon,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Dorcus,musimon,,,,,"Gené, 1836", 22688308,Selasphorus ardens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Selasphorus,ardens,,,,,"Salvin, 1870", 22727074,Eubucco steerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,CAPITONIDAE,Eubucco,steerii,,,,,"(Sclater, 1878)","

Eubucco versicolor, E. steerii and E. glaucogularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as E. versicolor following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 39895,Nomascus leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,HYLOBATIDAE,Nomascus,leucogenys,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1840)","

This taxon was formerly considered a subspecies of N. concolor, however, the light-cheeked gibbons were subsequently separated (Dao Van Tien 1983; Ma and Wang 1986; Ma et al. 1988) and then further divided into the four taxa currently recognized with the separation of N. gabriellae (Groves 1993), then N. siki (e.g. Groves 2001; Mootnick 2006; Geissmann 2007; Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010a; Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010b; Mootnick and Fan Pengfei 2011; Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2011) and finally with the recent description of N. annamensis (Van Ngoc Thin et al. 2010c). Nomascus leucogenys was previously considered to overlap with N. concolor in Viet Nam and Yunnan, China (Dao Van Tien 1983; Ma and Wang 1986), however, there seems to be insufficient evidence to currently conclude this (Fooden 1996; Geissmann et al. 2000; Rawson et al. 2011).

" 22695732,Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Cryptoleucopteryx,plumbea,,,,,"(Salvin, 1872)",Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis as L. plumbeus.

103674421,Cranioleuca marcapatae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,marcapatae,,,,,"Zimmer, 1935","Cranioleuca marcapatae and C. weskei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. marcapatae following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103674478,Cranioleuca weskei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,weskei,,,,,"Remsen, 1984","Cranioleuca marcapatae and C. weskei (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. marcapatae following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702451,Cranioleuca dissita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,dissita,,,,,"Wetmore, 1957",Cranioleuca vulpina and C. dissita (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. vulpina following AOU (1998 & supplements) and SACC (2005 & updates). 22700831,Snowornis subalaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Snowornis,subalaris,,,,,"Sclater, 1861", 22694903,Ptychoramphus aleuticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Ptychoramphus,aleuticus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22686581,Aerodramus sawtelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Aerodramus,sawtelli,,,,,"Holyoak, 1974",Aerodramus sawtelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Collocalia. 22699947,Ochthoeca piurae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,piurae,,,,,"Chapman, 1924", 22731728,Progne murphyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,murphyi,,,,,"Chapman, 1925", 22689089,Strix occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,occidentalis,,,,,"(Xántus de Vesey, 1860)", 22690191,Columba punicea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,punicea,,,,,"Blyth, 1842", 22711078,Mimus melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,melanotis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 180990825,Hipposideros pomona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,pomona,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1918","This species belongs to bicolor species group. This species was listed under Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck, 1834), but is now considered distinct (Hill et al. 1986, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). Based on morphology and bacular structure, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2018) upgraded the taxon gentilis Andersen, 1918 to specific rank, and suggested that H. pomona Andersen, 1918 sensu stricto is restricted to southern India, and H. gentilis sensu lato occurs from northeast India to Southeast Asia." 180991219,Hipposideros gentilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,gentilis,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1918","This species belongs to bicolor species group. Based on morphology and bacular structure, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2018) upgraded the taxon gentilis Andersen, 1918 to specific rank, and suggested that H. pomona Andersen, 1918 sensu stricto is restricted to southern India, and H. gentilis sensu lato occurs from northeast India to Southeast Asia." 22724043,Cacicus koepckeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Cacicus,koepckeae,,,,,"Lowery & O'Neill, 1965", 22690178,Columba torringtoniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Columba,torringtoniae,,,,,"(Blyth & Kelaart, 1853)", 22724568,Coracornis sanghirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Coracornis,sanghirensis,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1881)",

Coracornis sanghirensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Colluricincla sanghirensis.

 

22724153,Icterus laudabilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,laudabilis,,,,,"Sclater, 1871", 22734578,Cutia legalleni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Cutia,legalleni,,,,,"Robinson & Kloss, 1919", 22709502,Cyornis ruckii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,ruckii,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1881)", 22721692,Setophaga chrysoparia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,chrysoparia,,,,,"(Sclater & Salvin, 1861)","

Setophaga chrysoparia (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22717507,Dicaeum quadricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,quadricolor,,,,,"(Tweeddale, 1877)", 55591,Dendropsophus pelidnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,pelidnus,,,,,"(Duellman, 1989)","It was described as Hyla pelidna by Duellman (1989) and later transferred to Dendropsophus (as D. pelidna) by Faivovich et al. (2005). Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) amended the specific name ending (as pelidnus) to be consistent with the masculine grammatical gender of Dendropsophus. The species was assigned to the labialis group by Duellman (1989), and Faivovich et al. (2005) and phylogenetically corroborated by Guarnizo et al. (2012) using genetic evidence. Guarnizo et al. (2012) suggested that D. pelidnus could be a junior synonym of D. meridensis based on the low genetic divergence between them; however, they refrained from taking any taxonomic decision in the absence of further evidence (e.g., bioacoustics and morphological data)." 181049859,Felis silvestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Felis,silvestris,,,,,"Schreber, 1777","There is a need for a new assessment of the European Wildcat (Felis silvestris) as it was recently recognized as a distinct species. In their revised taxonomy of the Felidae, Kitchener et al. (2017) consider Felis silvestris to comprise two subspecies, F. s. silvestris occurring in Europe, and F. s. caucasica in Anatolia and the Caucasus.

However, there has been limited information on morphology and genetics of F. s. caucasica. In Turkey, F. s. silvestris (European part) and F. s. caucasica (Anatolian part), individuals are morphologically similar to each other and individual pelt patterns (spots, lines, pale or dark colouration) exhibit high diversity independent of locality, leaving no clear external morphological difference between the proposed subspecies.

Several wildcat populations occurring in southern and eastern Anatolia and the Lesser Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia and Iran) are F. lybica rather than F. silvestris and this situation considerably reduces the distribution of F. silvestris in Anatolia and Caucasus. A contact zone between the two species is highly possible in southern and eastern Anatolia, and the southern Caucasus (Wuest et al. 2021). Therefore, a comprehensive genetic and morphological study covering wildcat populations from eastern Europe, Anatolia and Caucasus is recommended to clarify the status and identity of wildcat populations in the region.

The Afro-Asiatic wildcat (Felis lybica), also announced as a distinct species in 2017, has its own Red List assessment.

The domestic cat (Felis catus) is not descended from the European Wildcat (Felis silvestris), but mostly from a lineage of the Afro-Asian wildcat (Felis lybica) from Mesopotamia (Driscoll et al. 2007). Felis silvestris was never domesticated, but it can hybridise with both Felis lybica and Felis catus.

" 22701776,Myrmoborus lophotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Myrmoborus,lophotes,,,,,"(Hellmayr & Seilern, 1914)",

Myrmoborus lophotes (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Percnostola lophotes.

 

22703299,Grallaria carrikeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Grallaria,carrikeri,,,,,"Schulenberg & Williams, 1982", 5661,Crocodylus intermedius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,intermedius,,,,,"Graves, 1819", 22736301,Clibanornis rufipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Clibanornis,rufipectus,,,,,"Bangs, 1898",Clibanornis rufipectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Automolus rufipectus. 22717490,Dicaeum vincens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,vincens,,,,,"(Sclater, 1872)", 22721016,Emberiza yessoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,yessoensis,,,,,"(Swinhoe, 1863)", 22687086,Campylopterus phainopeplus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,phainopeplus,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1879", 181146498,Heloderma alvarezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HELODERMATIDAE,Heloderma,alvarezi,,,,,"Bogert & Martin del Campo, 1956","Reiserer et al. (2013) proposed recognizing the four established subspecies of Heloderma horridum as full species, as these are morphologically diagnosable and have been found to exhibit relatively high levels of genetic divergence. This latter observation was based on the results of Douglas et al. (2010), although those authors did not propose elevating these taxa to specific status. While Reiserer et al. (2013) caution that the morphological diagnoses of the former subspecies are ""somewhat incomplete"" and that further research is needed to confirm their species-level arrangement, the four-species approach is now widely accepted and is followed here." 22697636,Gymnogyps californianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CATHARTIFORMES,CATHARTIDAE,Gymnogyps,californianus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1797)", 181151381,Heloderma charlesbogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HELODERMATIDAE,Heloderma,charlesbogerti,,,,,"Campbell & Vannini, 1988","Reiserer et al. (2013) proposed recognizing the four established subspecies of Heloderma horridum as full species, as these are morphologically diagnosable and have been found to exhibit relatively high levels of genetic divergence. This latter observation was based on the results of Douglas et al. (2010), although those authors did not propose elevating these taxa to specific status. While Reiserer et al. (2013) caution that the morphological diagnoses of the former subspecies are ""somewhat incomplete"" and that further research is needed to confirm their species-level arrangement, the four-species approach is now widely accepted and is followed here." 181151831,Heloderma exasperatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HELODERMATIDAE,Heloderma,exasperatum,,,,,"Bogert & Martin del Campo, 1956","Reiserer et al. (2013) proposed recognizing the four established subspecies of Heloderma horridum as full species, as these are morphologically diagnosable and have been found to exhibit relatively high levels of genetic divergence. This latter observation was based on the results of Douglas et al. (2010), although those authors did not propose elevating these taxa to specific status. While Reiserer et al. (2013) caution that the morphological diagnoses of the former subspecies are ""somewhat incomplete"" and that further research is needed to confirm their species-level arrangement, the four-species approach is now widely accepted and is followed here. There has been an assumption that intergradation occurs between H. horridum and H. exasperatum along a north-south gradient, but no definitive evidence of this exists (Reiserer et al. 2013)," 181152163,Heloderma horridum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HELODERMATIDAE,Heloderma,horridum,,,,," (Weigmann, 1829)","Reiserer et al. (2013) proposed recognizing the four established subspecies of Heloderma horridum as full species, as these are morphologically diagnosable and have been found to exhibit relatively high levels of genetic divergence. This latter observation was based on the results of Douglas et al. (2010), although those authors did not propose elevating these taxa to specific status. While Reiserer et al. (2013) caution that the morphological diagnoses of the former subspecies are ""somewhat incomplete"" and that further research is needed to confirm their species-level arrangement, the four-species approach is now widely accepted and is followed here. There has been an assumption that intergradation occurs between H. horridum and H. exasperatum along a north-south gradient, but no definitive evidence of this exists (Reiserer et al. 2013). Recent confirmation that H. alvarezi occurs as far north as Oaxaca (García-Grajales et al. 2020) suggests that a possible intergradation area may exist here." 181153339,Oedura elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,elegans,,,,,"Hoskin, 2019","Hoskin (2019) revised the taxonomy of the Oedura monilis species complex and found that it consisted of four morphologically distinct species. He did not provide genetic data, but indicated that then-unpublished work demonstrated ""substantial divergence"" in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA between the identified clades. He consequently described three new species: O. elegans, O. lineata and O. picta." 181155529,Oedura lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,lineata,,,,,"Hoskin, 2019","Hoskin (2019) revised the taxonomy of the Oedura monilis species complex and found that it consisted of four morphologically distinct species. He did not provide genetic data, but indicated that then-unpublished work demonstrated ""substantial divergence"" in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA between the identified clades. He consequently described three new species: O. elegans, O. lineata and O. picta." 181155673,Oedura picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,picta,,,,,"Hoskin, 2019","Hoskin (2019) revised the taxonomy of the Oedura monilis species complex and found that it consisted of four morphologically distinct species. He did not provide genetic data, but indicated that then-unpublished work demonstrated ""substantial divergence"" in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA between the identified clades. He consequently described three new species: O. elegans, O. lineata and O. picta." 181156980,Oedura monilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,monilis,,,,,"De Vis, 1888","Hoskin (2019) revised the taxonomy of the Oedura monilis species complex and found that it consisted of four morphologically distinct species. He did not provide genetic data, but indicated that then-unpublished work demonstrated ""substantial divergence"" in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA between the identified clades. He consequently described three new species: O. elegans, O. lineata and O. picta. He restricted the name O. monilis to the northernmost clade within the former complex, and concluded that Oedura attenboroughi represents a junior synonym." 22685760,Ognorhynchus icterotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ognorhynchus,icterotis,,,,,"(Massena & Souancé, 1854)", 22728485,Chondrohierax wilsonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Chondrohierax,wilsonii,,,,,"(Cassin, 1847)", 22692156,Grus americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,americana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Monotypic. 181244306,Hypanus berthalutzae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hypanus,berthalutzae,,,,,"Petean, Naylor & Lima, 2020",This new species was split from Hypanus americanus (Petean et al. 2020) 22697641,Vultur gryphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CATHARTIFORMES,CATHARTIDAE,Vultur,gryphus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 4097,Celestus occiduus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,occiduus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 103881687,Sitta insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,SITTIDAE,Sitta,insularis,,,,,"(Bond, 1931)","

Sitta pusilla and S. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. pusilla following AOU (1998 & supplements), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

" 22693182,Numenius tahitiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Numenius,tahitiensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22725033,Charadrius nivosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,nivosus,,,,,"(Cassin, 1858)","

Charadrius alexandrinus, C. dealbatus and C. nivosus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. alexandrinus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103823595,Hemignathus lucidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Hemignathus,lucidus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1839","

Hemignathus lucidus, H. hanapepe and H. affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. lucidus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 181371184,Cercococcyx mechowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cercococcyx,mechowi,,,,,"Cabanis, 1882","

Boesman and Collar (2019) establish Cercococcyx lemaireae as a split from C. mechowi based on voice, a narrow hybrid zone and shorter tail. Pending reaction from the ornithological community to splits based entirely on voice, it appears appropriate to accept the validity of these new species given their meeting of the Tobias criteria. 

" 22728296,Amazona lilacina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,lilacina,,,,,"Lesson, 1844","Amazona autumnalis, A. diadema and A. lilacina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. autumnalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 181379225,Buccanodon duchaillui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Buccanodon,duchaillui,,,,,"(Cassin, 1855)","Boesman and Collar (2019) establish Buccanodon dowsetti as a split from B. duchaillui based on voice and tail length. Pending reaction from the ornithological community to splits based entirely on voice, it appears appropriate to accept the validity of these new species given their meeting of the Tobias criteria." 181378951,Buccanodon dowsetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,LYBIIDAE,Buccanodon,dowsetti,,,,,"Boesman & Collar, 2019","Boesman & Collar (2019) establish Buccanodon dowsetti as a split from B. duchaillui based  on voice and tail length. Pending reaction from the ornithological community to splits based entirely on voice, it appears appropriate to accept the validity of these new species given their meeting of the Tobias criteria." 181366408,Cercococcyx lemaireae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cercococcyx,lemaireae,,,,,"Boesman & Collar, 2019","Boesman and Collar (2019) establish Cercococcyx lemaireae as a split from C. mechowi based on voice, a narrow hybrid zone and shorter tail. Pending reaction from the ornithological community to splits based entirely on voice, it appears appropriate to accept the validity of these new species given their meeting of the Tobias criteria." 62114603,Podiceps juninensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Podiceps,juninensis,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894","Podiceps occipitalis and P. juninensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. occipitalis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22696492,Falco jugger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,jugger,,,,,"Gray, 1834", 190309,Etelis oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,LUTJANIDAE,Etelis,oculatus,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1828)", 22688244,Eulidia yarrellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eulidia,yarrellii,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1847)", 22690988,Gallicolumba keayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gallicolumba,keayi,,,,,"(Clarke, 1900)", 22692366,Laterallus spilonota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,spilonota,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)",Laterallus spilonota (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as L. spilonotus. 22708367,Geokichla cinerea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,cinerea,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)",

Geokichla cinerea (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera cinerea.

22708478,Geokichla spiloptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,spiloptera,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)",

Geokichla spiloptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera spiloptera.

22685851,Pyrrhura orcesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,orcesi,,,,,"Ridgely & Robbins, 1988", 22691874,Goura victoria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Goura,victoria,,,,,"(Fraser, 1844)", 22729454,Zimmerius villarejoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Zimmerius,villarejoi,,,,,"Alvarez Alonso & Whitney, 2001", 103774724,Atlapetes taczanowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,taczanowskii,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1875)","The species name is a replacement name introduced for Buarremon mystacalis Taczanowskii, 1874, based on perceived homonymy with Arremon mysticalis [sic] P.L. Sclater, 1852, a name now in synonymy of Atlapetes albofrenatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016); irrespective of other arguments, and whether or not replacement was justified, the name mystacalis was replaced (long) before 1961 and is thus permanently invalid, as prescribed by ICZN Code (del Hoyo and Collar 2016)." 22721487,Atlapetes pallidiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,pallidiceps,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1900)", 22729498,Anas carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,carolinensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789","Common Teal Anas crecca (del Hoyo et al. 2014) has been split into Common Teal A. crecca and Green-winged Teal A. carolinensis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020).
  
This change follows a revision to the scoring of the males' vertical white breast-side line, due to its role as a signal in display. As such the revised scoring is as follows: male A. carolinensis differs from A. crecca male in its vertical white breast-side line, replicated on rear flank  (3), lack of white horizontal scapular stripe (2), and lack of narrow buff supercilium (above broad green “eyestripe”) (1); various other very minor differences cannot be scored (plumage characters capped at three), differences in measurements do not exist, behavioural differences are matters of frequency rather than type, and genetic evidence, while suggesting paraphyly involving A. flavirostris, indicates that hybridization is relatively widespread in Beringia (allow 1 for broad hybrid zone), indicating that carolinensis does warrant species status. 

Aleutian race nimia remains treated as a synonym of a monotyic A. crecca." 181524214,Lophorina minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lophorina,minor,,,,,"E.P. Ramsay, 1885","

Lophorina superba, L. feminina and L. minor (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from L. superba (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). Irestedt et al. (2017) presented a case for splitting Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina superba into three species.  

On morphology alone the western group (superba and niedda) reaches species rank on ‘Tobias’ scores for the male birds’ unspotted breast-shield (plumage difference, score 1); elongate and outcurved outer cape feathers (plumage difference, score 3); different-shaped cape feather tips plus lack of ‘hair-fringing’ (plumage difference, score 2); shorter, narrower ‘ultra extensions’ (effect size vs feminina and latipennis for length −3.43 and for width −3.09; mensural difference, score 2); and longer tail (effect size vs feminina and latipennis 2.78; mensural difference, score 2). Further differences, but with scores not countable, are apparent in western females, which are much darker-headed than taxa in central New Guinea (ns[2]),with an effect size for the divergent tail lengths of western females (sample size only 8) vs central New Guinea of 5.6 (ns because of low sample size [3]). Moreover, the display and vocalisations of males in this western group have been shown to be distinct on a number of points (Scholes & Laman 2018), with the ‘cape presentation display’ being exactly as predicted in Irestedt et al. (2017) (‘the outer tips of the cape should curl much further under the breast plate in Vogelkop populations’). Further Tobias scores for the clear vocal differences in the Vogelkop group would seal the certainty of the split, but regrettably Scholes & Laman (2018) did not deal with the problem pointed out in Irestedt et al. (2017), that ‘voices resembling those of Vogelkop birds have also been recorded from the western cordillera (XC26375 and XC140367 on the Xeno-Canto website)’.

The split of Lophorina minor is less straightforward. Irestedt et al. (2017) claimed to be using ‘integrative taxonomy’ in making their decisions, but in this case they were dealing with a very early divergence of minor from the other taxa in the superba complex that yet involved only ‘limited morphological and vocal differentiation’. Instead they used geographical relationship as the lever by which to raise minor to species rank: ‘Parapatric replacement in the same life zones marks speciation between Papuan Peninsula minor and cordillera populations in Lophorina… partly contrary to morphological and vocal indicators’ (i.e. less ‘integrative taxonomy’ than its opposite). Parapatric arrangements certainly demonstrate the reproductive incompatibility of the two taxa involved, but true parapatry requires those taxa to be in geographical contact, not separated by a river valley or a mountain range. It is hard to see how minor can have a genuine parapatric relationship with the taxon/taxa to its west, and indeed this seems somewhat implausible if minor is really so much longer diverged than its neighbour taxon/taxa and if parapatric relationships tend to involve taxa of roughly equal age, as a reading of Haffer (1992) seems to imply.
The Tobias criteria allow a score of 3 for a parapatric relationship, but we set this aside as not demonstrated in this case. These criteria also have no way of providing a score for genetic distance, which has been perceived as a flaw in the system but which reflects the fact that evolution proceeds at different speeds in different contexts and that therefore genetic distance, however great, is not in isolation a dependable indicator of reproductive incompatibility (Webb et al. 2011). Males of minor are, despite their name, only marginally shorter in wing and tail than their neighbour taxon/taxa (effect size vs feminina and latipennis −1.37, −1.41 and −1.24 for length and width of ultra extensions and length of tail, repectively; score 1), and they are identical in colour pattern and plumage structure (and apparently also in display and voice). This then leaves the females, with black head vs pale-freckled grey-brown crown and dark-freckled pale supercilium in feminina and latipennis(score 3), slightly darker upperparts and barring on underparts (1), and notably different stony-white vs rufous-tinged buff barring on underparts (2). On this basis minor just reaches the score set for species status, albeit on characters that scarcely seem likely to serve in combination as a prezygotic deterrent. Scores of minor vs superba with niedda are similar to those involved in the split of feminina and latipennis.

Irestedt et al. (2017) used an illustration of the lost type specimen of the species to reidentify the type locality as from the western end of the Central Cordillera of New Guinea, which would have significant consequences for the naming of the new species. However, Elliott et al. (2020) have argued that the reidentification of the type locality of superba as the Central Cordillera derives from a flawed consideration of the characters in the illustration of the lost type. In reality this illustration matches the western group in having (i) an unspotted green breast; (ii) distinct but short ‘ultra extensions’ to the breast-shield; (iii) a cape feather at least as long as the wing; (iv) an asymmetrical shape to the tips of the inner cape feathers; (v) no hair-fringing to the cape feathers; (vi) the elongate, out-curved feathers of the outer cape; and (vii) a well-graduated tail. Apart from this Elliott et al. (2020) provide ample evidence that at the time the type specimen was acquired trade of any kind of artefact of interest to westerners did not exist in New Guinea except at ports on the western peninsula, and no trade avenues existed between these ports and the main body of New Guinea. Therefore there is no case to justify the rearrangement of names as presented in Irestedt et al. (2017) and the three species adopted are:
Western Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina superba (western New Guinea), with subspecies L. s. superba (Arkfak Mountains) and L. s. niedda (Wandammen Mountains); Central Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina feminina (central New Guinea), L. f. feminina (Weyland Mountains east to central New Guinea) and L. f. latipennis (Central Highlands east and north to Huon Peninsula); and Eastern Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina minor (south-eastern New Guinea).

" 181524111,Lophorina feminina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lophorina,feminina,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1915","

Lophorina superba, L. feminina and L. minor (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from L. superba (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). Irestedt et al. (2017) presented a case for splitting Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina superba into three species.  

On morphology alone the western group (superba and niedda) reaches species rank on ‘Tobias’ scores for the male birds’ unspotted breast-shield (plumage difference, score 1); elongate and outcurved outer cape feathers (plumage difference, score 3); different-shaped cape feather tips plus lack of ‘hair-fringing’ (plumage difference, score 2); shorter, narrower ‘ultra extensions’ (effect size vs feminina and latipennis for length −3.43 and for width −3.09; mensural difference, score 2); and longer tail (effect size vs feminina and latipennis 2.78; mensural difference, score 2). Further differences, but with scores not countable, are apparent in western females, which are much darker-headed than taxa in central New Guinea (ns[2]),with an effect size for the divergent tail lengths of western females (sample size only 8) vs central New Guinea of 5.6 (ns because of low sample size [3]). Moreover, the display and vocalisations of males in this western group have been shown to be distinct on a number of points (Scholes & Laman 2018), with the ‘cape presentation display’ being exactly as predicted in Irestedt et al. (2017) (‘the outer tips of the cape should curl much further under the breast plate in Vogelkop populations’). Further Tobias scores for the clear vocal differences in the Vogelkop group would seal the certainty of the split, but regrettably Scholes & Laman (2018) did not deal with the problem pointed out in Irestedt et al. (2017), that ‘voices resembling those of Vogelkop birds have also been recorded from the western cordillera (XC26375 and XC140367 on the Xeno-Canto website)’.

The split of Lophorina minor is less straightforward. Irestedt et al. (2017) claimed to be using ‘integrative taxonomy’ in making their decisions, but in this case they were dealing with a very early divergence of minor from the other taxa in the superba complex that yet involved only ‘limited morphological and vocal differentiation’. Instead they used geographical relationship as the lever by which to raise minor to species rank: ‘Parapatric replacement in the same life zones marks speciation between Papuan Peninsula minor and cordillera populations in Lophorina… partly contrary to morphological and vocal indicators’ (i.e. less ‘integrative taxonomy’ than its opposite). Parapatric arrangements certainly demonstrate the reproductive incompatibility of the two taxa involved, but true parapatry requires those taxa to be in geographical contact, not separated by a river valley or a mountain range. It is hard to see how minor can have a genuine parapatric relationship with the taxon/taxa to its west, and indeed this seems somewhat implausible if minor is really so much longer diverged than its neighbour taxon/taxa and if parapatric relationships tend to involve taxa of roughly equal age, as a reading of Haffer (1992) seems to imply.
The Tobias criteria allow a score of 3 for a parapatric relationship, but we set this aside as not demonstrated in this case. These criteria also have no way of providing a score for genetic distance, which has been perceived as a flaw in the system but which reflects the fact that evolution proceeds at different speeds in different contexts and that therefore genetic distance, however great, is not in isolation a dependable indicator of reproductive incompatibility (Webb et al. 2011). Males of minor are, despite their name, only marginally shorter in wing and tail than their neighbour taxon/taxa (effect size vs feminina and latipennis −1.37, −1.41 and −1.24 for length and width of ultra extensions and length of tail, repectively; score 1), and they are identical in colour pattern and plumage structure (and apparently also in display and voice). This then leaves the females, with black head vs pale-freckled grey-brown crown and dark-freckled pale supercilium in feminina and latipennis(score 3), slightly darker upperparts and barring on underparts (1), and notably different stony-white vs rufous-tinged buff barring on underparts (2). On this basis minor just reaches the score set for species status, albeit on characters that scarcely seem likely to serve in combination as a prezygotic deterrent. Scores of minor vs superba with niedda are similar to those involved in the split of feminina and latipennis.

Irestedt et al. (2017) used an illustration of the lost type specimen of the species to reidentify the type locality as from the western end of the Central Cordillera of New Guinea, which would have significant consequences for the naming of the new species. However, Elliott et al. (2020) have argued that the reidentification of the type locality of superba as the Central Cordillera derives from a flawed consideration of the characters in the illustration of the lost type. In reality this illustration matches the western group in having (i) an unspotted green breast; (ii) distinct but short ‘ultra extensions’ to the breast-shield; (iii) a cape feather at least as long as the wing; (iv) an asymmetrical shape to the tips of the inner cape feathers; (v) no hair-fringing to the cape feathers; (vi) the elongate, out-curved feathers of the outer cape; and (vii) a well-graduated tail. Apart from this Elliott et al. (2020) provide ample evidence that at the time the type specimen was acquired trade of any kind of artefact of interest to westerners did not exist in New Guinea except at ports on the western peninsula, and no trade avenues existed between these ports and the main body of New Guinea. Therefore there is no case to justify the rearrangement of names as presented in Irestedt et al. (2017) and the three species adopted are:
Western Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina superba (western New Guinea), with subspecies L. s. superba (Arkfak Mountains) and L. s. niedda (Wandammen Mountains); Central Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina feminina (central New Guinea), L. f. feminina (Weyland Mountains east to central New Guinea) and L. f. latipennis (Central Highlands east and north to Huon Peninsula); and Eastern Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina minor (south-eastern New Guinea).

" 181500967,Ardea herodias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,herodias,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","McGuire et al. (2019) review in detail the status of the all-white taxon occidentalis, which although formerly given species status (‘Great White Heron’ [GWH]) has long been considered a subspecies of Great Blue Heron [GBH] Ardea herodias, in great part because the two taxa interbreed with regularity. However, given that the evidence points to assortative mating where possible, they conclude that occidentalis is indeed better treated as a species.

It is separated by diagnostic plumage (white vs. blue), behavior (mate choice and timing of mating) and habitat (saltwater-island vs. fresh/brackish water mainland).

There are, in fact, a few additional morphological considerations, with GWH having a shorter occipital plume but longer bill, tarsus and middle toe than GBH (supplementary material online with measurements not accessed). Applying the Tobias criteria to the situation, the taxonomic status of GWH involves a consideration of its

·       all-white vs grey/blue plumage (an exceptional difference: score 4);
·       shorter occipital plume (seemingly fairly distinctive from the authors’ Figure 3: allow 1);
·       longer tarsus (apparently the most distinctive of the longer characters measured, but perhaps insufficient to be allowed a score: ns);
·       timing of mating or habitat choice (only one of these permitted as a score: 1);
·       narrow hybrid zone (not more than 50 km as measured on Google Earth: 2).

On this basis BirdLife accepts Ardea occidentalis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) as a separate species." 181501221,Ardea occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,occidentalis,,,,,"Audubon, 1835","

McGuire et al. (2019) review in detail the status of the all-white taxon occidentalis, which although formerly given species status (‘Great White Heron’ [GWH]) has long been considered a subspecies of Great Blue Heron [GBH] Ardea herodias, in great part because the two taxa interbreed with regularity. However, given that the evidence points to assortative mating where possible, they conclude that occidentalis is indeed better treated as a species:

it is separated by diagnostic plumage (white vs. blue), behaviour (mate choice and timing of mating) and habitat (saltwater-island vs. fresh/brackish water mainland).

There are, in fact, a few additional morphological considerations, with GWH having a shorter occipital plume but longer bill, tarsus and middle toe than GBH (supplementary material online with measurements not accessed). Applying the Tobias criteria to the situation, the taxonomic status of GWH involves a consideration of its

·       all-white vs grey/blue plumage (an exceptional difference: score 4);
·       shorter occipital plume (seemingly fairly distinctive from the authors’ Figure 3: allow 1);
·       longer tarsus (apparently the most distinctive of the longer characters measured, but perhaps insufficient to be allowed a score: ns);
·       timing of mating or habitat choice (only one of these permitted as a score: 1);
·       narrow hybrid zone (not more than 50 km as measured on Google Earth: 2).

On this basis BirdLife accepts Ardea occidentalis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) as a separate species.

" 22710988,Gracula ptilogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracula,ptilogenys,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 154632189,Chaetura vauxi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,vauxi,,,,,"(Townsend, 1839)","Chaetura vauxi (del Hoyo et al. 2014) has been split into Vaux's Swift C. vauxi, including form aphanes from NE Venezuela, and Andre's Swift C. andrei (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) following a review of the relationships within Chaetura and investigation of the morphological characters within the group (Chesser et al. 2018)." 154632117,Chaetura andrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Chaetura,andrei,,,,,"von Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902","Chaetura vauxi has been split into Vaux's Swift C. vauxi, including form aphanes from NE Venezuela, and Andre's Swift C. andrei following a review of the relationships within Chaetura and investigation of the morphological characters within the group (Chesser et al. 2018)." 22688257,Chaetocercus bombus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Chaetocercus,bombus,,,,,"Gould, 1871", 22692256,Himantornis haematopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Himantornis,haematopus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1855", 22698102,Halobaena caerulea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Halobaena,caerulea,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22692181,Heliopais personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,HELIORNITHIDAE,Heliopais,personatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)", 22693627,Haematopus moquini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,moquini,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1856", 22715082,Newtonia amphichroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Newtonia,amphichroa,,,,,"Reichenow, 1891", 22710184,Saxicola torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,torquatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22686495,Collocalia esculenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,APODIDAE,Collocalia,esculenta,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 61433519,Chalcites minutillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Chalcites,minutillus,,,,,"(Gould, 1859)","Chalcites minutillus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Chrysococcyx and split as C. minutillus (Payne 1997, 2005) and C. russatus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993). Prior to that, C. minutillus was split as C. minutillus and C. rufomerus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 103693235,Falcunculus frontatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FALCUNCULIDAE,Falcunculus,frontatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)","

Falcunculus frontatus, F. whitei and F. leucogaster (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. frontatus following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22695072,Milvus milvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Milvus,milvus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680321,Anas crecca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,crecca,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Common Teal A. crecca (del Hoyo et al. 2014) has been split into Common Teal A. crecca and Green-winged Teal Anas carolinensis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020).
  
This change follows a revision to the scoring of the males' vertical white breast-side line, due to its role as a signal in display. As such the revised scoring is as follows: male A. carolinensis differs from A. crecca male in its vertical white breast-side line, replicated on rear flank (3), lack of white horizontal scapular stripe (2), and lack of narrow buff supercilium (above broad green “eyestripe”) (1); various other very minor differences cannot be scored (plumage characters capped at three), differences in measurements do not exist, behavioural differences are matters of frequency rather than type, and genetic evidence, while suggesting paraphyly involving A. flavirostris, indicates that hybridization is relatively widespread in Beringia (allow 1 for broad hybrid zone), indicating that carolinensis does warrant species status. 

Aleutian race nimia remains treated as a synonym of a monotyic A. crecca." 22692412,Hypotaenidia okinawae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,okinawae,,,,,"(Yamashina & Mano, 1981)",Hypotaenidia okinawae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallirallus. 22695886,Buteo ridgwayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,ridgwayi,,,,,"(Cory, 1883)", 22696730,Microcarbo coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,PHALACROCORACIDAE,Microcarbo,coronatus,,,,,"(Wahlberg, 1855)",Microcarbo coronatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Phalacrocorax. 22688196,Archilochus alexandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Archilochus,alexandri,,,,,"(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)", 181733673,Trichomycterus donascimientoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,donascimientoi,,,,,"Castellanos-Morales, 2018", 181733869,Trichomycterus rosablanca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,rosablanca,,,,,"Mesa S., Lasso, Ochoa & DoNascimiento, 2018", 64792693,Trichomycterus santanderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,santanderensis,,,,,"Castellanos-Morales, 2007", 64792696,Trichomycterus sketi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,sketi,,,,,"Castellanos-Morales, 2011", 64792707,Trichomycterus uisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,uisae,,,,,"Castellanos-Morales, 2008", 64792690,Trichomycterus sandovali,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,sandovali,,,,,"Ardila Rodríguez, 2006", 22735460,Atlapetes blancae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,blancae,,,,,"Donegan, 2007", 181747196,Tanygnathus sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Tanygnathus,sumatranus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)","Tanygnathus sumatranus (with subspecies sangirensis) and T. everetti (with subspecies burbidgii; race duponti synonymised with nominate) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from T. sumatranus (del Hoyo et al. 2014). 

The assessment against the Tobias criteria (Tobias et al. 2010) in diagnosing the split is given here, from Arndt et al. (2019). In both sexes Philippine forms differ by their larger bills (effect size of everetti vs. sangirensis 1.62 and vs. sumatranus 1.15; effect size of burbidgii vs. sangirensis 1.75 and vs. sumatranus 2.02; as burbidgii is here treated as conspecific with everetti, the lower values for everetti must be considered, hence score 1); blood-red or orange-red vs. yellowish-white irides (3); pale matt royal blue in place of slightly glossy turquoise-blue lower back and rump (2); paler green head (ns[1]); and duller green underparts (ns[1]).
Moreover, in males the Philippine forms further differ by their absence of blue in the carpal feathers and scapulars (2); and much darker green mantle (ns[2]). Philippine birds thus reach a total of 8 under the Tobias criteria, and achieve species rank as a consequence. The difference in wing length between everetti and burbidgii yields an effect size of 3.32. The difference in tail length between nominate sumatranus and sangirensis yields an efect size of 3.70. Both these findings point to the distinctness and validity of the forms burbidgii and sangirensis; burbidgii is larger in all dimensions than any other taxon except the little-known freeri (see below), while sangirensis almost matches it for wing length and almost matches everetti for tail length while exactly matching nominate sumatranus for bill length. It is also worth noting that the four Peleng and Banggai birds proved to have shorter wings and tails than any other taxa, and that the four Sula birds had larger bills than either sumatranus or sangirensis. Additionally, phylogenetic reconstruction identified the Philippine and Indonesian clades as being as genetically distinct as T. lucionensis and T. megalorynchos." 22679735,Dendrocygna guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Dendrocygna,guttata,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22689690,Lyncornis macrotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Lyncornis,macrotis,,,,,"(Vigors, 1831)",Lyncornis macrotis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Eurostopodus. 181753148,Tanygnathus everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Tanygnathus,everetti,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877","Tanygnathus sumatranus (with its longer-tailed subspecies sangirensis) and T. everetti (with its larger subspecies burbidgii; race duponti synonymised with nominate) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from T. sumatranus (del Hoyo & Collar 2014). Arndt et al. (2019) found that in both sexes Philippine forms differ by their larger bills (effect size of everetti vs sangirensis 1.62 and vs sumatranus 1.15; effect size of burbidgii vs sangirensis 1.75 and vs sumatranus 2.02; as burbidgii is here treated as conspecific with everetti, the lower values for everetti must be considered, hence score 1); blood-red or orange-red vs yellowish-white irides (3); pale matt royal blue in place of slightly glossy turquoise-blue lower back and rump (2); paler green head (ns1); and duller green underparts (ns1). Moreover, in males the Philippine forms further differ by their absence of blue in the carpal feathers and scapulars (2); and much darker green mantle (ns2). Additionally, phylogenetic reconstruction identified the Philippine and Indonesian clades as being as genetically distinct as T. lucionensis and T. megalorynchos. Three subspecies recognised.Tanygnathus sumatranus (with subspecies sangirensis) and T. everetti (with subspecies burbidgii; race duponti synonymised with nominate) (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from T. sumatranus (del Hoyo et al. 2014)." 22692317,Rallina eurizonoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallina,eurizonoides,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1845)", 22727668,Ardea intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardea,intermedia,,,,,"Wagler, 1829","

Ardea intermedia, A. brachyrhyncha and A. plumifera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Mesophoyx and lumped as M. intermedia following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22679820,Oxyura maccoa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Oxyura,maccoa,,,,,"(Eyton, 1838)", 22694956,Aviceda jerdoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aviceda,jerdoni,,,,,"(Blyth, 1842)", 22732090,Nisaetus cirrhatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,cirrhatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 181772488,Aplonis circumscripta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,circumscripta,,,,,"(A.B. Meyer, 1884)","Aplonis metallica and A. circumscripta (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from A. metallica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), after an assessment of 24 specimens in four museums and literature review (Collar 2018). 

Aplonis circumscripta is consistently diagnosed from metallica by its (1) short-feathered clear-cut inverted-U-shaped purple chin-patch, (2) large purple mantle-patch and correspondingly very narrow green hind-collar, and (3) average shorter bill and wings but, in males, notably longer central rectrices, strongly indicating that species rank is indeed appropriate for the taxon, for which the vernacular name Purple-chinned Starling is proposed." 22701646,Terenura sicki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Terenura,sicki,,,,,"Teixeira & Gonzaga, 1983", 22682655,Upupa epops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,UPUPIDAE,Upupa,epops,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22727124,Dendrocopos leucotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Dendrocopos,leucotos,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1803)","

Dendrocopos leucotos and D. owstoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as D. leucotos following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22716826,Suthora nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,nipalensis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1837","

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Suthora nipalensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Paradoxornis nipalensis.
Has elsewhere been considered conspecific with S. verreauxi, but is very distinct morphologically; subspecies craddocki of that species has erroneously been listed for present species by some authors. Subspecies distinctive, forming five groups: “nipalensis group”, “humii group”, “poliotis group”, “ripponi group” and “beaulieui group”; subspecies crocotia here placed with humii group, but perhaps a semi-stable hybrid population. These groups treated as species by some authors (Penhallurick and Robson 2009) and genetic evidence tends to support such an arrangement (Yeung et al. 2011), but full presentation and evaluation of diagnostic (including vocal) characters lacking. Proposed subspecies daflaensis (from Dafla Hills, in NE India) currently synonymized with poliotis, but specimens appear to show signs of intergradation towards latter, rather than being identical with it; further study required. Birds observed in NE Thailand (Phu Lang) and S Laos of uncertain racial identity; presumed to belong with, respectively, beaulieui and kamoli, but corroboration needed. Also, claimed sightings of subspecies beaulieui at Ngoc Linh Kon Tum (within range of kamoli) merit investigation. Ten subspecies currently recognized.

" 22720283,Crithagra leucoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,leucoptera,,,,,"Sharpe, 1871","

Crithagra leucoptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. leucopterus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22709591,Ficedula hodgsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,hodgsoni,,,,,"(Moore, 1854)","

Ficedula hodgsoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) - Pygmy Blue-flycatcher - was previously placed in the genus Muscicapella following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993). Ficedula erithacus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) - Slaty-backed Flycatcher - was previously listed as F. hodgsonii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22709406,Ficedula superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,superciliaris,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1840)", 22729485,Motacilla samveasnae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Motacilla,samveasnae,,,,,"Duckworth, Alström, Davidson, Evans, et al., 2001", 22708094,Chaetops frenatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHAETOPIDAE,Chaetops,frenatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 22721722,Setophaga kirtlandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Setophaga,kirtlandii,,,,,"(Baird, 1852)","

Setophaga kirtlandii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Dendroica following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22709650,Sheppardia gunningi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,gunningi,,,,,"Haagner, 1909", 22702679,Metopothrix aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Metopothrix,aurantiaca,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1866", 22698350,Phoebastria nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Phoebastria,nigripes,,,,,"(Audubon, 1849)", 22713949,Zosterops kulalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,kulalensis,,,,,"Williams, 1947","

Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22699420,Polystictus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Polystictus,pectoralis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1817)", 22685739,Eupsittula canicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eupsittula,canicularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Eupsittula canicularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga. 22693811,Charadrius melodus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,melodus,,,,,"Ord, 1824", 22706007,Corvus jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Corvus,jamaicensis,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788", 103776650,Melozone cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Melozone,cabanisi,,,,,"Sclater & Salvin, 1868","

Melozone biarcuata and M. cabanisi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. biarcuata following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 8204,Eulemur albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,albifrons,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1796)","Formerly considered a subspecies of Eulemur fulvus, but later raised to species level (Groves 2001)." 2435,Avahi occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,INDRIIDAE,Avahi,occidentalis,,,,,"von Lorenz-Liburnau, 1898","Previously, there had been a debate over whether this taxa was a full species or a subspecies of Avahi laniger (Avahi laniger occidentalis). Rumpler et al. (1990) used cytogenetic data to justify elevation of this taxa to a full species, A. occidentalis." 8212,Eulemur macaco,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,macaco,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Previously, this species was considered to have two subspecies: Eulemur macao macaco, the Black Lemur and E. m. flavifrons, the Blue-eyed Back Lemur or Sclater’s Lemur. Taxonomic revision of each member of the Eulemur fulvus subspecies complex to full species status (Mittermeier et al. 2006), left E. macaco as the only species in the genus that was classified as polytypic (i.e., E. m. macaco and E. m. flavifrons). However, given the degree of morphological differences between the Black Lemur and the Blue-eyed Black Lemur, retaining this subspecific taxonomy was assessed as not consistent with the available comparative data on the two taxa. Pair-wise genetic distance values between the Black Lemur and the Blue-eyed Black Lemur range from 68–72 bp -- this is in the same range as what has been found between the former E. fulvus subspecies (29–90 bp; see Pastorini 2000). In the late 1980s and early 1990s, reports of a north-south geographical morphocline in subspecific traits was reported in the region between Maromandia and the Manongarivo Special Reserve (Meyers et al. 1989, Rabarivola et al. 1991), but more recently completed survey work indicates that the hybrid zone between the two taxa is restricted to the northeastern geographic range of the Blue-eyed Black Lemur and southern portions of the Manongarivo Special Reserve (Andrianjakarivelo 2004, Schwitzer et al. 2005, 2006, Tinsman et al. 2019). In light of these findings, the Blue-eyed Black Lemur was raised to full species status (i.e., E. flavifrons) by Mittermeier et al. (2008, 2010)." 8210,Eulemur sanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,sanfordi,,,,,"(Archbold, 1932)","Formerly considered a subspecies of Eulemur fulvus, but later raised to species level (Groves 2001)." 9676,Hapalemur alaotrensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Hapalemur,alaotrensis,,,,,"Rumpler, 1975","Cytogenetic and molecular data do not distinguish Hapalemur alatorensis from H. griseus griseus (Fausser et al. 2002, Pastorini et al. 2002), although the former is differentiated based on its larger size (Rabarivola et al. 2007)." 8199,Eulemur coronatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,coronatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)",. 163314248,Microcebus murinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,murinus,,,,,"(J.F. Miller, 1777)", 163314140,Microcebus boraha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,boraha,,,,,"Hotaling, Foley, Lawrence, Bocanegra, Blanco, Rasoloarison, Kappeler, Barrett, Yoder & Weisrock, 2016 ", 136684,Mirza zaza,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Mirza,zaza,,,,,"Kappeler & Roos, 2005","Analyses of morphometric, genetic, and behavioral data (Kappeler et al. 2005) resulted in the recognition of Mirza zaza as distinct from M. coquereli. Mirza coquereli is the larger of the two, with a distribution nucleus in southwestern Madagascar. Mirza zaza is found in the northern western dry forest domain and the Sambirano region and (Kappeler et al. 2005)." 22687922,Eriocnemis godini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Eriocnemis,godini,,,,,"(Bourcier, 1851)", 181524349,Lophorina superba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lophorina,superba,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)","

Lophorina superba, L. feminina and L. minor (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from L. superba (del Hoyo and Collar 2016). Irestedt et al. (2017) presented a case for splitting Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina superba into three species.  

On morphology alone the western group (superba and niedda) reaches species rank on ‘Tobias’ scores for the male birds’ unspotted breast-shield (plumage difference, score 1); elongate and outcurved outer cape feathers (plumage difference, score 3); different-shaped cape feather tips plus lack of ‘hair-fringing’ (plumage difference, score 2); shorter, narrower ‘ultra extensions’ (effect size vs feminina and latipennis for length −3.43 and for width −3.09; mensural difference, score 2); and longer tail (effect size vs feminina and latipennis 2.78; mensural difference, score 2). Further differences, but with scores not countable, are apparent in western females, which are much darker-headed than taxa in central New Guinea (ns[2]),with an effect size for the divergent tail lengths of western females (sample size only 8) vs central New Guinea of 5.6 (ns because of low sample size [3]). Moreover, the display and vocalisations of males in this western group have been shown to be distinct on a number of points (Scholes & Laman 2018), with the ‘cape presentation display’ being exactly as predicted in Irestedt et al. (2017) (‘the outer tips of the cape should curl much further under the breast plate in Vogelkop populations’). Further Tobias scores for the clear vocal differences in the Vogelkop group would seal the certainty of the split, but regrettably Scholes & Laman (2018) did not deal with the problem pointed out in Irestedt et al. (2017), that ‘voices resembling those of Vogelkop birds have also been recorded from the western cordillera (XC26375 and XC140367 on the Xeno-Canto website)’.

The split of Lophorina minor is less straightforward. Irestedt et al. (2017) claimed to be using ‘integrative taxonomy’ in making their decisions, but in this case they were dealing with a very early divergence of minor from the other taxa in the superba complex that yet involved only ‘limited morphological and vocal differentiation’. Instead they used geographical relationship as the lever by which to raise minor to species rank: ‘Parapatric replacement in the same life zones marks speciation between Papuan Peninsula minor and cordillera populations in Lophorina… partly contrary to morphological and vocal indicators’ (i.e. less ‘integrative taxonomy’ than its opposite). Parapatric arrangements certainly demonstrate the reproductive incompatibility of the two taxa involved, but true parapatry requires those taxa to be in geographical contact, not separated by a river valley or a mountain range. It is hard to see how minor can have a genuine parapatric relationship with the taxon/taxa to its west, and indeed this seems somewhat implausible if minor is really so much longer diverged than its neighbour taxon/taxa and if parapatric relationships tend to involve taxa of roughly equal age, as a reading of Haffer (1992) seems to imply.
The Tobias criteria allow a score of 3 for a parapatric relationship, but we set this aside as not demonstrated in this case. These criteria also have no way of providing a score for genetic distance, which has been perceived as a flaw in the system but which reflects the fact that evolution proceeds at different speeds in different contexts and that therefore genetic distance, however great, is not in isolation a dependable indicator of reproductive incompatibility (Webb et al. 2011). Males of minor are, despite their name, only marginally shorter in wing and tail than their neighbour taxon/taxa (effect size vs feminina and latipennis −1.37, −1.41 and −1.24 for length and width of ultra extensions and length of tail, repectively; score 1), and they are identical in colour pattern and plumage structure (and apparently also in display and voice). This then leaves the females, with black head vs pale-freckled grey-brown crown and dark-freckled pale supercilium in feminina and latipennis(score 3), slightly darker upperparts and barring on underparts (1), and notably different stony-white vs rufous-tinged buff barring on underparts (2). On this basis minor just reaches the score set for species status, albeit on characters that scarcely seem likely to serve in combination as a prezygotic deterrent. Scores of minor vs superba with niedda are similar to those involved in the split of feminina and latipennis.

Irestedt et al. (2017) used an illustration of the lost type specimen of the species to reidentify the type locality as from the western end of the Central Cordillera of New Guinea, which would have significant consequences for the naming of the new species. However, Elliott et al. (2020) have argued that the reidentification of the type locality of superba as the Central Cordillera derives from a flawed consideration of the characters in the illustration of the lost type. In reality this illustration matches the western group in having (i) an unspotted green breast; (ii) distinct but short ‘ultra extensions’ to the breast-shield; (iii) a cape feather at least as long as the wing; (iv) an asymmetrical shape to the tips of the inner cape feathers; (v) no hair-fringing to the cape feathers; (vi) the elongate, out-curved feathers of the outer cape; and (vii) a well-graduated tail. Apart from this Elliott et al. (2020) provide ample evidence that at the time the type specimen was acquired trade of any kind of artefact of interest to westerners did not exist in New Guinea except at ports on the western peninsula, and no trade avenues existed between these ports and the main body of New Guinea. Therefore there is no case to justify the rearrangement of names as presented in Irestedt et al. (2017) and the three species adopted are:
Western Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina superba (western New Guinea), with subspecies L. s. superba (Arkfak Mountains) and L. s. niedda (Wandammen Mountains); Central Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina feminina (central New Guinea), L. f. feminina (Weyland Mountains east to central New Guinea) and L. f. latipennis (Central Highlands east and north to Huon Peninsula); and Eastern Superb Bird-of-paradise Lophorina minor (south-eastern New Guinea).

" 155256104,Scytalopus alvarezlopezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,alvarezlopezi,,,,,"Stiles et al., 2017","A new species of tapaculo, Tatamá Tapaculo Scytalopus alvarezlopezi, is accepted after the description (Stiles et al. 2017) that indicates that the voice is highly distinctive, being a protracted series of short trills, entirely unlike other related tapaculos in the region." 103878817,Gracula robusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Gracula,robusta,,,,,"Salvadori, 1887","

Gracula religiosa, G. venerata, G. robusta and G. indica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. religiosa following AOU (1998 and supplements) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 182279465,Nothobranchius ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,ocellatus,,,,,"(Seegers, 1985)","

This species was established as Paranothobranchius ocellatus by Seegers in 1985, belonging to that monotypic genus. Wildekamp and Haas (1992) assigned Paranothobranchius as a subgenus in Nothobranchius, including also N. bojiensis, N. fasciatus and N. microlepis, which latter three species were thought to form a monophyletic sister group within the subgenus. Costa (2018) confirmed N. ocellatus as belonging to the subgenus Paranothobranchius and separated from the other three species, which in turn were assigned to a newly created subgenus Cynobranchius. Molecular study further confirms the subgenus status of Paranothobranchius within the genus Nothobranchius (Watters et al. 2020).

The original description by Seegers (1985) was based on a preserved immature male specimen designated as the holotype that formed the primary basis for the description, and on a photograph of a non-preserved female specimen. However, the museum holdings and records of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) in Bonn indicate that the holotype specimen was in fact never received by the museum (Herder et al. 2010) and the holotype is considered as lost. The species was redescribed in detail by Watters et al. (2020), and a neotype was designated from a site near the original type locality.

Further, combined morphometric and molecular analyses from disjunct populations in the Matandu River system, previously regarded as belonging to N. ocellatus, belong to a distinct species described as N. matanduensis by Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt in Watters et al. (2020).

" 182279674,Nothobranchius matanduensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,matanduensis,,,,,"Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt, 2020","

Populations of this species from the Matandu drainage were previously regarded as belonging to Nothobranchius ocellatus that was described by Seegers (1985) as Paranothobranchius ocellatus. Combined morphometric and molecular analyses from populations across the entire range of N. ocellatus in Tanzania, including representative material from the lower Ruvu and lower Rufiji drainages, shows that the populations from the Matandu drainage belong to a distinct species described as N. matanduensis by Watters, Nagy & Bellstedt in Watters et al. (2020).

" 22697776,Eudyptes pachyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptes,pachyrhynchus,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 22727636,Amazona bodini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,bodini,,,,,"(Finsch, 1873)","

Amazona festiva and A. bodini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. festiva following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103658673,Drymophila hellmayri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Drymophila,hellmayri,,,,,"Todd, 1915","

Drymophila caudata, D. klagesi, D. hellmayri and D. striaticeps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as D. caudata following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103660951,Scytalopus gettyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,gettyae,,,,,"Hosner, Robbins, Valqui & Peterson, 2013",

Scytalopus gettyae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Hosner et al. (2013).

154619350,Turacoena sulaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Turacoena,sulaensis,,,,,"Forbes & Robinson, 1900","Turacoena manadensis has been split into White-faced Cuckoo-dove T. manadensis and Sula Cuckoo-dove T. sulaensis on the basis of striking vocal differences (Ng and Rheindt 2016) and a consistent size difference revealed by an appraisal of specimens." 12876,Mauremys annamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,GEOEMYDIDAE,Mauremys,annamensis,,,,,"(Siebenrock, 1903)",The common name for this species in Vietnamese is Rùa Trung Bộ. 22721919,Myioborus pariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,pariae,,,,,"Phelps & Phelps, 1949", 22723768,Geospiza psittacula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,psittacula,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)","

Geospiza psittacula (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Camarhynchus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22682421,Ocyceros griseus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Ocyceros,griseus,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 103674338,Thripophaga amacurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Thripophaga,amacurensis,,,,,"Hilty, Ascanio & Whittaker, 2013",Thripophaga amacurensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Hilty et al. (2013). 103815245,Geospiza septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,septentrionalis,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1899","

Geospiza difficilis, G. acutirostris and G. septentrionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. difficilis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22703871,Myzomela chermesina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,chermesina,,,,,"Gray, 1846", 103821243,Alophoixus bres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Alophoixus,bres,,,,,"(Lesson, 1832)","

Alophoixus bres, A. frater and A. tephrogenys (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. bres following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22697387,Phoenicoparrus andinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PHOENICOPTERIFORMES,PHOENICOPTERIDAE,Phoenicoparrus,andinus,,,,,"Philippi, 1854", 22706266,Paradisornis rudolphi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Paradisornis,rudolphi,,,,,"Finsch & Meyer, 1885",

Paradisornis rudolphi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Paradisaea rudolphi.

103815404,Geospiza acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,acutirostris,,,,,"Ridgway, 1894","

Geospiza difficilis, G. acutirostris and G. septentrionalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. difficilis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 182502187,Chiropterotriton casasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,casasi,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-Castillo, Rovito, Maisano, Hanken & Wake, 2020","The holotype and paratypes were collected since 1969, but this species has only been recently described (Parra-Olea et. al. 2020) based on morphometrics and osteological evidence." 182502456,Chiropterotriton ceronorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,ceronorum,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-Castillo, Rovito, Maisano, Hanken & Wake, 2020","The species was suggested as a new taxon following Darda (1994), but it has only recently been described (Parra-Olea et al. 2020) based on molecular and morphological evidence." 182502587,Chiropterotriton melipona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,melipona,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-Castillo, Rovito, Maisano, Hanken & Wake, 2020","The species was suggested as a new taxon following Darda (1994), but it has only recently been described (Parra-Olea et. al. 2020) based on molecular and morphological evidence." 182502901,Chiropterotriton totonacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,totonacus,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-Castillo, Rovito, Maisano, Hanken & Wake, 2020","The species was suggested as a new taxon following Darda (1994), but it has only recently been described (Parra-Olea et. al. 2020) based on molecular and morphological evidence." 182503798,Chiropterotriton perotensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Chiropterotriton,perotensis,,,,,"Parra-Olea, García-Castillo, Rovito, Maisano, Hanken & Wake, 2020","The species was suggested as a new taxon following Darda (1994), but it has only recently been described (Parra-Olea et. al. 2020) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Parra-Olea et. al. (2020) hypothesize that specimens reported as C. chiropterus from 11,000 feet on Cofre de Perote by Smith and Taylor (1948) actually belong to C. perotensis." 22703813,Myzomela albigula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Myzomela,albigula,,,,,"Hartert, 1898", 103815509,Geospiza conirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,conirostris,,,,,"Ridgway, 1890","

Geospiza conirostris and G. propinqua (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. conirostris following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103815544,Geospiza propinqua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,propinqua,,,,,"Ridgway, 1894","

Geospiza conirostris and G. propinqua (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. conirostris following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22723786,Geospiza heliobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Geospiza,heliobates,,,,,"(Snodgrass & Heller, 1901)","

Geospiza heliobates (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Camarhynchus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 127826787,Mesoplodon hotaula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Mesoplodon,hotaula,,,,,"Deraniyagala, 1963","A stranded Mesoplodon in Sri Lanka in 1963 was identified as new to science and named M. hotaula Deraniyagala (1963a, b). However, few details were provided on how it was distinguishable from other species of Mesoplodon. Two years later, Moore and Gilmore (1965) synonymized M. hotaula with the very similar M. ginkgodens. Dalebout et al. (2014) showed through genetic analyses and morphological comparisons (mainly skull) that M. hotaula was separable from M. ginkgodens and a valid species. They are, however, sister taxa." 22720855,Palmeria dolei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Palmeria,dolei,,,,,"(Wilson, 1891)", 22682531,Rhyticeros narcondami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhyticeros,narcondami,,,,,"Hume, 1873",Rhyticeros narcondami (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 13155203,Panaspis tristaoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Panaspis,tristaoi,,,,,"(Monard, 1940)","Trape et al. (2012) indicate that Panaspis tristaoi (Monard, 1940) is the correct name for the species previously referred to as P. nimbensis (the common spelling nimbaensis - e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2012 - being incorrect - Schmitz et al. 2005). The Monard description appears to have been forgotten; Angel described P. nimbensis without reference to Monard's earlier work, and the name tristaoi is not a recognized synonym (Uetz and Hallerman 2012). As the two names are considered to refer to the same species, L. Chirio (pers. comm. 2013) argues P. tristaoi has priority over the previously-accepted name P. nimbensis. However, as this name has not been used since the species' original description over 70 years ago, the name P. tristaoi may be a nomen oblitum (P.P. van Dyck pers. comm. 2013). Subsequent to the assessment being published on the Red List it appears that the earlier name for this species has been accepted for use (e.g. Uetz et al. 2020), hence the assessment is updated to reflect this change." 22681425,Campephilus principalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Campephilus,principalis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22729867,Gallinago delicata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,delicata,,,,,"(Ord, 1825)","Gallinago gallinago and G. delicata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. gallinago following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22693072,Scolopax minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,minor,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22731986,Progne modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Progne,modesta,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22697800,Megadyptes antipodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Megadyptes,antipodes,,,,,"(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)", 22697817,Spheniscus humboldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Spheniscus,humboldti,,,,,"Meyen, 1834", 22697825,Spheniscus mendiculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Spheniscus,mendiculus,,,,,"Sundevall, 1871", 22711070,Mimus macdonaldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MIMIDAE,Mimus,macdonaldi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1890", 120038159,Roppaneura beckeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Roppaneura,beckeri,,,,,"Santos, 1966", 22735250,Eudyptes chrysocome,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptes,chrysocome,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)","So far, there have been six genetic studies undertaken on rockhopper penguins using different genetic technics and analysis (Banks et al. 2006; Jouventin et al. 2006; de Dinechin et al. 2009, Frugone et al. 2018, Mays et al. 2019, Lois et al. 2020). Jouventin et al. (2006) found only significant genetic differentiation between the northern and southern/ eastern populations. However, Banks et al. (2006) identified three species, and proposed a further split of E. chrysocome into southern (E. chrysocome) and eastern (E. filholi) ‘species’. This was not adopted by BirdLife International on the grounds of small sample sizes and limited morphological differences between the southern and eastern forms (BirdLife International 2008). However, further research by de Dinechin et al. (2009) also supported the split of chrysocome and filholi.
Recently, Frugone et al. (2018) analyzed two mtDNA (HVRI, COI) and two nuclear (ODC, AK1) markers from 13 locations of five putative Eudyptes species: rockhopper (E. filholi, E. chrysocome, and E. moseleyi), macaroni (E. chrysolophus) and royal penguins (E. schlegeli). They found a strong phylogeographic structure among rockhopper penguins from South America, subantarctic and subtropical islands supporting the recognition of three separate species of rockhopper penguins. Mays et al. (2019), on the other hand, using similar markers but different modelling also found genetic structure and low genetic flow, but in his analyses the best-supported population models for the southern rockhoppers combined E. c. chrysocome and E. c. filholi into a single lineage or 2 lineages with bidirectional gene flow, and thus proposed that they should be treated as different management units only. Lois et al. (2020) added new information on the southern rockhopper (E. c. chrysocome) from the southwest Atlantic Ocean. Studying the genetic structure of individuals from different colonies located in the southwest Atlantic they found evidence for two genetic clusters within the rockhopper, one northern (Falkland/ Malvinas Islands and Isla Pingüino) and one southern (Terhalten and Staten Island)." 169804,Lepidodactylus aureolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,aureolineatus,,,,,"Taylor, 1915","Cebu records appear to represent this species but are ""biogeographically anomalous"" (R. Brown pers. comm. 2020)" 169877,Lepidodactylus balioburius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,balioburius,,,,,"Ota & Crombie, 1989","The first modern revision of Philippine Lepidodactylus, focused on the L. balioburius-yami clade, found that these exhibited limited genetic distance from one another and that samples from Sabtang were less genetically distinct from L. yami than from topotypical L. balioburius despite closer geographical proximity to the latter (Eliades et al. 2021). These authors noted that prior work had been unable to identify unambiguous morphological traits that can distinguish the two taxa. Eliades et al. (2021) refrained from taking taxonomic action due to limited sample sizes for L. yami, but suggested that the two nominal species may be conspecific." 169871,Lepidodactylus christiani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,christiani,,,,,"Taylor, 1917","This species is poorly differentiated from Lepidodactylus planicaudus in the original description, and additional genetic data is needed to resolve of the relationships between these species as well as to identify possible cryptic species within L. christiani as presently understood (S. Eliades and C. Siler pers. comm. 2020).

Preliminary genetic data suggest that L. christiani may be more widespread than currently recognized, as it belongs to a lineage that may reach southern Luzon (S. Eliades pers. comm. 2020)." 169847,Lepidodactylus herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,herrei,,,,,"Taylor, 1923","This species consists of two subspecies: Lepidodactylus herrei herrei from Negros and nearby islands, and L. h. medianus from Mindanao and the Central Visayas islands (Supsup et al. 2016). Although no taxonomic changes appear to have been formally proposed, by restricting its described distribution to Negros, Cebu and Camiguin Sur, Venturina et al. (2020) implicitly exclude L. h. medianus from their concept of L. herrei. These two clades are genetically divergent and each is mostly restricted to a single faunal region; as such they may represent distinct species (R. Brown pers. comm. 2020)." 169810,Lepidodactylus planicaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,planicaudus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1905","Brown et al. (2013) suggest that Lepidodactylus planicaudus may be a species complex, and that as presently understood it may be the name applicable to a number of geckos from Luzon which these authors refer to as L. cf. lugubris.

This species is poorly differentiated from Lepidodactylus christiani in the original description, and additional genetic data is needed to resolve of the relationships between these species as well as to identify possible cryptic species within L. christiani as presently understood (S. Eliades and C. Siler pers. comm. 2020)." 22696186,Nisaetus nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,nanus,,,,,"(Wallace, 1868)", 22724821,Cissa thalassina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Cissa,thalassina,,,,,"(Temminck, 1826)", 103828414,Pycnonotus bimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,bimaculatus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

Pycnonotus bimaculatus and P. snouckaerti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. bimaculatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22721839,Geothlypis beldingi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Geothlypis,beldingi,,,,,"Ridgway, 1883", 103827052,Rubigula dispar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Rubigula,dispar,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)","

A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bulbuls (Shakya and Sheldon 2017) recommends that the five species previously lumped as Pycnonotus melanicterus be moved into the genus Rubigula (Blyth, 1845), consequently R. melanictera, R. gularis, R. flaviventris, R. dispar and R. montis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2019) are accepted.

Pycnonotus melanicterus, P. gularis, P. flaviventris, P. dispar and P. montis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. melanicterus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22714082,Zosterops flavus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,flavus,,,,,"(Horsfield, 1821)", 22723185,Xenospingus concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Xenospingus,concolor,,,,,"(D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)", 155156221,Zosterops melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,melanurus,,,,,"Hartlaub, 1865","Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus has been split into Indian White-eye Z. palpebrosus, Hume's White-eye Z. auriventer and Sangkar White-eye Z. melanurus on the basis of thorough morphological comparisons (Wells et al. 2017a, b) and genetic differentiation, morphology and vocalisations (Round et al. 2017, Lim et al. 2019). 

The subspecies Z. m. buxtoni is here cautiously treated in line with Lim et al. (2019), who conclude: 'photographic evidence of populations in montane Sumatra strongly suggests the presence of a population of the montane species Hume’s White-eye, Zosterops auriventer … that has hitherto been misidentified (unpublished data), and we follow this preliminary evidence here in excluding montane Sumatran populations from the range of buxtoni." 22685766,Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Rhynchopsitta,pachyrhyncha,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22728303,Anas chlorotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,chlorotis,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 193340571,Luperosaurus cumingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,cumingii,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","Gaulke et al. (2007) discussed taxonomic problems with Luperosaurus cumingii as then understood and restricted its distribution to Luzon and Polillo, describing records from the Visayan Islands as the new species Luperosaurus corfeldi noting that further research was needed to clarify the identity of records from other islands. Subsequently Brown et al. (2011) referred the specimens from Polillo and most records from Luzon to the new species Luperosaurus angliit and concluded that the imprecise type locality should be restricted to the Bicol Peninsula." 22700933,Cephalopterus glabricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Cephalopterus,glabricollis,,,,,"Gould, 1851", 169845,Luperosaurus joloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,joloensis,,,,,"Taylor, 1918", 169785,Luperosaurus kubli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,kubli,,,,,"Brown, Diesmos & Duya, 2007", 22710912,Leucopsar rothschildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Leucopsar,rothschildi,,,,,"Stresemann, 1912", 169908,Luperosaurus macgregori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,macgregori,,,,,"Stejneger, 1907","Hatchlings from Polillo have variously been assigned to Luperosaurus cumingii (Gaulke et al. 2007) or L. macgregori; Oliveros et al. (2011) suggested that the Polilllo specimens likely represent an undescribed species, and Brown et al. (2011) tentatively assigned them to their new species Luperosaurus angliit.

This taxon might be a complex of three species; one from each of the islands from which it has been recorded. Oliveros et al. (2011) noted that a revision of this species was then ongoing, but no further work on this species appears to have been published." 169779,Luperosaurus palawanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,palawanensis,,,,,"Brown & Alcala, 1978", 22678684,Alectoris graeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Alectoris,graeca,,,,,"(Meisner, 1804)", 22728354,Eunymphicus uvaeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eunymphicus,uvaeensis,,,,,"(Layard, 1882)", 22711001,Scissirostrum dubium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Scissirostrum,dubium,,,,,"(Latham, 1802)", 103894856,Kittacincla malabarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Kittacincla,malabarica,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1788)",

Kittacincla malabarica and K. albiventris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Copsychus malabaricus AOU (1998 and supplements) and Collar (2004).

183085384,Pseudogekko hungkag,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pseudogekko,hungkag,,,,,"Brown, Meneses, Wood, Fernandez, Cuesta, Clores, Tracy, Buehler & Siler, 2020","A single immature specimen from Caramoan is tentatively included in this species by Brown et al. (2020), who nevertheless note that it is genetically divergent from Sorsogon sequences and suspect that it is likely to represent an undescribed species." 103893432,Copsychus saularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Copsychus,saularis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Copsychus saularis and C. mindanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. saularis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22698001,Pterodroma alba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,alba,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22704950,Chloropsis sonnerati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,sonnerati,,,,,"Jardine & Selby, 1827", 103775551,Chloropsis cochinchinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CHLOROPSEIDAE,Chloropsis,cochinchinensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)",

Chloropsis cochinchinensis and C. moluccensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. cochinchinensis following Wells et al. (2003).

 

22719912,Lonchura oryzivora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Lonchura,oryzivora,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Lonchura oryzivora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Padda following AOU (1998 & supplements); Christidis & Boles (2008); Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 169868,Pseudogekko smaragdinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pseudogekko,smaragdinus,,,,,"(Taylor, 1922)", 22731946,Anorrhinus tickelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anorrhinus,tickelli,,,,,"(Blyth, 1855)", 22699951,Ochthoeca salvini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Ochthoeca,salvini,,,,,"Taczanowski, 1877",Ochthoeca salvini (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Tumbezia salvini. 22712603,Pycnonotus zeylanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,zeylanicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22718588,Anthus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MOTACILLIDAE,Anthus,antarcticus,,,,,"Cabanis, 1884", 22725006,Argusianus argus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Argusianus,argus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 139353949,Procordulia valevahalo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,CORDULIIDAE,Procordulia,valevahalo,,,,,"Marinov, 2016", 19041,Theliderma intermedia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,UNIONIDA,UNIONIDAE,Theliderma,intermedia,,,,,"(Conrad, 1836)","Quadrula intermedia has been synonymized in the past with Quadrula tuberosa and Quadrula sparsa (Ortmann 1918, Williams et al. 2008). The relationship to Quadrula tuberosa, Quadrula intermedia, and Quadrula sparsa is questionable; however, both Q. tuberosa and Q. sparsa have been found historically within the range of Q. intermedia and no intergrade specimens have been found (USFWS 1984). Q. tuberosa may be the form of Q. intermedia occurring in big rivers, where a more obese form typically occurs in many unionid species. Quadrula sparsa is currently recognized by Turgeon et al. (1998). Distributional records became confused when Ortmann (1914, 1918) lumped Quadrula sparsa and Quadrula tuberosa under Quadrula intermedia (Bogan and Parmalee 1983, Parmalee and Bogan 1998). Historical records for Q. tuberosa from the Cumberland River are therefore also included with historical records for Q. sparsa (USFWS 1984) but if these are distinct species, then Q. sparsa was not present in the headwaters of the Cumberland River (Parmalee and Bogan 1998).

This species is listed in Graf and Cummings (2007) under the genus Theliderma. However, it is thought by some that further justification is needed before this change can be confirmed.

A list of synonyms for this species can be found on The MUSSEL project web site (Graf and Cummings 2011)." 22678711,Alectoris rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Alectoris,rufa,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22725015,Picus sharpei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Picus,sharpei,,,,,"(Saunders, 1872)", 22694313,Larus audouinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,audouinii,,,,,"Payraudeau, 1826", 183782506,Hemitrygon yemenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Hemitrygon,yemenensis,,,,,"Moore, Last & Naylor, 2020",This species is newly described from old preserved material (Moore et al. 2020). 183784866,Zanobatus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,ZANOBATIDAE,Zanobatus,maculatus,,,,,"Séret, 2016","Previously a junior synonym of the Striped Panray (Zanobatus schoenleinii), this species has larger thorns on the upper disc and a more heavily spotted disc (Last et al. 2016)." 90377834,Elseya rhodini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Elseya,rhodini,,,,,"Thomson, Amepou, Anamiato & Georges, 2015","Elseya rhodini is part of a complex of three allopatric species in New Guinea, formerly considered to be a single species, Elseya novaeguineae. Elseya rhodini was split from Elseya novaeguineae, and Elseya schultzei resurrected, on the basis of exceptionally high genetic divergences arising from the drainage divides and ranges separating northern New Guinea from the south, and the Vogelkop/Bomberai (Birds Head) Peninsula in the west from the rest of New Guinea in the east. Elseya novaeguineae is now restricted to the Birds Head area, E. schultzei to northern New Guinea, and E. rhodini to southern New Guinea. Adult specimens of these species are commonly confused with Elseya branderhorsti, owing to superficial similarity, and museum identifications are often unreliable. Fritz and Baur (1995) reported captive hybridization between Emydura subglobosa and Elseya novaeguineae (which then included Elseya rhodini); Emydura subglobosa is sympatric with Elseya rhodini." 22724836,Melanitta fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Melanitta,fusca,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 160248,Teracolus eris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Teracolus,eris,,,,,"(Klug, 1829) ","Previously placed in Colotis Hübner, [1819]; Teracolus Swainson, [1833] was re-instated as a valid genus by Nazari et al. (2011). The subspecies contracta (Gabriel, 1954) from Arabia appears to be valid, while other subspecies may be questionable (e.g. ssp. johnstoni Butler, 1886 from the eastern Cape Province)." 1906,Apodemus pallipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,pallipes,,,,,"(Barrett-Hamilton, 1900)",Formerly included within Apodemus uralensis and prior to that under A. sylvaticus. A. wardi as considered to be conspecific with A. pallipes. 6313,Delanymys brooksi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Delanymys,brooksi,,,,,"Hayman, 1962", 16724,Petaurista philippensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SCIURIDAE,Petaurista,philippensis,,,,,"(Elliot, 1839)","

Until Corbet and Hill (1992) the forms here treated as P. philippensis were almost universally treated as conspecific with P. petaurista (e.g. Lekagul and McNeely 1977), meaning that much information concerning P.  philippensis has been published under the name P. petaurista. Great care is, however, needed in determining what information refers to which species because the two (as here constituted) are widely sympatric. Even Petaurista philippensis possibly represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species.

" 22682535,Rhyticeros everetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhyticeros,everetti,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1897)",Rhyticeros everetti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 163144,Opisthoteuthis chathamensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,CEPHALOPODA,OCTOPODA,OPISTHOTEUTHIDAE,Opisthoteuthis,chathamensis,,,,,"O’Shea, 1999", 184535176,Copelatus betampona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,betampona,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535187,Madaglymbus menalamba,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Madaglymbus,menalamba,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535197,Madaglymbus semifactus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Madaglymbus,semifactus,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535207,Copelatus amphibius,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,amphibius,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535217,Copelatus vokoka,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,vokoka,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535227,Copelatus kely,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,kely,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535237,Copelatus mahajanga,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,mahajanga,,,,,"Pederzani & Hájek, 2005", 184535247,Copelatus baculiformis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,baculiformis,,,,,"Guignot, 1955","No other specimen than the female holotype is known of this species. The species belongs in the hydroporoides species group of Copelatus, but two other Malagasy species placed in this group have turned out to be misidentified Madaglymbus or Exocelina, but the type locality data is fairly exact, suggesting against misidentification (Ranarilalatiana et al. 2019). It is much smaller than C. peridinus but may be closely related." 184535257,Copelatus peridinus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,peridinus,,,,,"Guignot, 1955", 184535268,Copelatus befasicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,befasicus,,,,,"Guignot, 1956", 184535278,Copelatus distinguendus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,distinguendus,,,,,"Régimbart, 1903","Régimbart (1895) described this species as Copelatus duodecimstriatus Aubé from Madagascar but later realised it was not conspecific with Aubé’s C. duodecimstriatus from the Mascarene islands. It was therefore renamed C. distinguendus." 184535288,Copelatus pulchellus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,pulchellus,,,,,"(Klug, 1834)", 184535304,Copelatus marginipennis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,marginipennis,,,,,"(Laporte, 1835)","Copelatus marginipennis (Laporte 1835) was previously treated as a junior synonym of C. pulchellus Klug, 1834 since Aubé (1838)." 184535317,Copelatus insuetus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,insuetus,,,,,"Guignot, 1941", 184535327,Copelatus ankaratra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,ankaratra,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535337,Copelatus zanatanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,zanatanensis,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019",This species is very similar in appearance to C. amphibius (Ranarilalatiana and Bergsten 2019). 184535347,Madaglymbus kelimaso,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Madaglymbus,kelimaso,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535357,Rhantus manjakatompo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhantus,manjakatompo,,,,,"Pederzani & Rocchi, 2009", 184535367,Rhantus bouvieri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhantus,bouvieri,,,,,"Régimbart, 1900", 184535385,Rhantus latus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Rhantus,latus,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1869)", 184535398,Copelatus safiotra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,safiotra,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 184535408,Copelatus pseudostriatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Copelatus,pseudostriatus,,,,,"Ranarilalatiana & Bergsten, 2019", 22727431,Lophura ignita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,ignita,,,,,"(Shaw, 1797)","

Lophura ignita and L. rufa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. ignita following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22682464,Rhinoplax vigil,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhinoplax,vigil,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 22727445,Lophura rufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,rufa,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)","

Lophura ignita and L. rufa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. ignita following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727019,Buceros hydrocorax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Buceros,hydrocorax,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766","

Buceros hydrocorax and B. mindanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. hydrocorax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22727029,Buceros mindanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Buceros,mindanensis,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877","

Buceros hydrocorax and B. mindanensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. hydrocorax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22682453,Buceros bicornis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Buceros,bicornis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22697748,Aptenodytes patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Aptenodytes,patagonicus,,,,,"Miller, 1778", 60138,Callorhinchus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CHIMAERIFORMES,CALLORHINCHIDAE,Callorhinchus,capensis,,,,,"Duméril, 1865", 22682544,Rhyticeros plicatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhyticeros,plicatus,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)",Rhyticeros plicatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 22682488,Penelopides manillae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Penelopides,manillae,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 61623294,Penelopides affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Penelopides,affinis,,,,,"Tweeddale, 1877","Penelopides affinis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as P. affinis and P. samarensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22682491,Penelopides mindorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Penelopides,mindorensis,,,,,"Steere, 1890", 22682494,Penelopides panini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Penelopides,panini,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 22682522,Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhabdotorrhinus,leucocephalus,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)",Rhabdotorrhinus leucocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aceros. 22734408,Eudyptes moseleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptes,moseleyi,,,,,"Mathews & Iredale, 1921", 22697793,Eudyptes chrysolophus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptes,chrysolophus,,,,,"(Brandt, 1837)","

Recent phylogenetic analyses have shown that the species shows little genetic divergence from Royal Penguin populations (Frugone et al. 2018; 2019), suggesting that a reappraisal of the taxonomic status is needed.

" 135876,Dendropsophus juliani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,juliani,,,,,"Moravec, Aparicio & Köhler, 2006",Tentatively placed in the Dendropsophus microcephalus group according to the original publication. Dendropsophus juliani is characterized by a combination of morphological and advertisement call features (Moravec et al. 2006). 22697761,Pygoscelis antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Pygoscelis,antarcticus,,,,,"(Forster, 1781)", 54574,Sclerophrys arabica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Sclerophrys,arabica,,,,,"(Heyden, 1827)","According to Stöck et al. (2001), the taxonomy and nomenclature of this species requires additional research, since the specimen considered the “holotype” by Balletto et al. (1985) is not that one described by Heyden (1827). Bufo hadramautinus Cherchi 1963 was synonymized with Bufo arabicus by Schätti and Desvoignes (1999). 

This species was under the generic name Duttaphrynus but is now treated under Sclerophrys (Frost 2016)." 22682437,Anthracoceros albirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anthracoceros,albirostris,,,,,"(Shaw & Nodder, 1807)", 22682429,Ocyceros birostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Ocyceros,birostris,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22682425,Ocyceros gingalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Ocyceros,gingalensis,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)", 22682450,Buceros rhinoceros,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Buceros,rhinoceros,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 181506453,Nymphargus colomai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,colomai,,,,,"Guayasamin & Hutter, 2020","This is a split from the broader concept of Nymphargus chancas (Guayasamín et al. 2020)." 46103983,Gambusia rhizophorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,POECILIIDAE,Gambusia,rhizophorae,,,,,"Rivas, 1969", 185198377,Psammobatis normani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Psammobatis,normani,,,,,"McEachran, 1983",This species concept has been revised to incorporate the taxonomic revision of Psammobatis parvacauda (Mabraganã et al. 2020) 12548,Macaca arctoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,arctoides,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1831)","

Morphological evidence suggests this is a species of the sinica species group. Two subspecies are considered, based on pelage variations namely the bright brown northern subspecies, Macaca arctoides arctoides and the black southern subspecies Macaca arctoides melanota (Koyabu et al. 2008) But in this assessment it is considered monotypic (Fooden 1971, Malaivijitnond and Hamada 2005).

" 174286,Leptotes pirithous,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Leptotes,pirithous,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1767)", 58243,Quasipaa delacouri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DICROGLOSSIDAE,Quasipaa,delacouri,,,,,"(Angel, 1928)","The taxonomy of this species (its species definition, synonyms and generic allocation) is very dynamic. It is variously reminiscent of Paa species, the Limnonectes kuhlii complex, or the L. blythii complex." 179063834,Tylototriton pasmansi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,pasmansi,,,,,"Bernardes, Le, Nguyen, Pham, Pham, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2020",This species was previously confused with Tylototriton vietnamensis and T. asperrimus (Bernardes et al. 2020). 22712722,Pycnonotus penicillatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Pycnonotus,penicillatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1851", 103870218,Napothera naungmungensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Napothera,naungmungensis,,,,,Rappole et al. 2005,"

Previously placed in genus Rimator (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). N. danjoui and N. naungmungensis were previously lumped as Jabouilleia danjoui following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

Given species rank in original description (Rappole et al. 2005) but treated as subspecies in HBW owing in part to mistaken claim of morphometric differences (Collar & Pilgrim 2007, Collar 2011); however, single recording reveals a song or call very different from any recording of N. danjoui, involving a much higher maximum frequency (3), a rising whistle (pitch change 3) and shorter note length (ns1), and this, combined with darker overall colour (1), stronger-marked moustachial and malar lines (1) and faint soft-edged ochreish vs well-defined brown-streaked breastband (2), returns the form provisionally to species rank (this may be forfeit if more recordings reveal that call or song scored above is shared by N. danjoui). Monotypic.

" 22716271,Stachyris nigricollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,nigricollis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)", 185495181,Raja parva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Raja,parva,,,,,"Last & Séret, 2016",Raja parva was split from Raja miraletus in 2016 (Last and Séret 2016). 179066179,Tylototriton sparreboomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,sparreboomi,,,,,"Bernardes, Le, Nguyen, Pham, Pham, Nguyen & Ziegler, 2020", 103870381,Graminicola striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Graminicola,striatus,,,,,"Styan, 1892","

Graminicola bengalensis and G. striatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as G. bengalensis following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22693839,Charadrius javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Charadrius,javanicus,,,,,"Chasen, 1938", 45355839,Ceyx fallax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Ceyx,fallax,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1866)","Ceyx fallax and C. sangirensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. fallax following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22716277,Stachyris maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TIMALIIDAE,Stachyris,maculata,,,,,"(Temminck, 1836)", 22685416,Loriculus exilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,exilis,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22732662,Erythropitta ussheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,ussheri,,,,,"(Gould, 1877)",Erythropitta ussheri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Pitta ussheri. 22710226,Saxicola gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Saxicola,gutturalis,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1818)", 186170680,Pipistrellus tenuis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,tenuis,,,,,"(Temminck, 1840)","Pipistrellus tenuis probably represents a complex of several similar species. Further studies are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of populations currently allocated to this species. This taxon was traditionally assigned to the “coromandra” subgroup of “pipistrellus” species group (e.g.: Corbet and Hill 1992). According to available molecular genetic data (Roehrs et al. 2010, Benda et al. 2016, orig.), P. tenuis is a part of genetic cluster of Oriental pipistrelles. This cluster is quite distinct from all the West Palearctic pipistrelles and may be referred to as “javanicus” species group. The taxon P. t. mimus Wroughton, 1899 now represents forms from Indochina, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Afghanistan (Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012, Benda and Gaisler 2015). The taxon glaucillus Wroughton, 1912, considered earlier as distinct subspecies, is synonymized following Sinha (1980) (Bates and Harisson 1997, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). We follow the IUCN SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group (P. Racey pers. comm. 2008) in recognizing Pipistrellus murrayi as distinct from P. tenuis. Benda and Gaisler (2015) opine that this taxon represents a complex and needs a thorough review." 186344466,Heterogyrus milloti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,GYRINIDAE,Heterogyrus,milloti,,,,,Legros 1953, 197275,Geotria australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CEPHALASPIDOMORPHI,PETROMYZONTIFORMES,PETROMYZONTIDAE,Geotria,australis,,,,,"Gray, 1851", 68001545,Oxyeleotris lineolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Oxyeleotris,lineolata,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1867)", 181161789,Nymphargus lindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,lindae,,,,,"Guayasamin, 2020", 181161885,Nymphargus humboldti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Nymphargus,humboldti,,,,,"Guayasamin, Cisneros-Heredia, McDiarmid & Hutter, 2020","This species appears extremely similar to Nymphargus siren, with the only difference being that males are ca 3 mm smaller in size. Other collections of N. siren should be revisited to better elucidate the distributions of both N. siren and this species (D.F. Cisneros-Heredia pers. comm. 2020)." 186872850,Kurixalus berylliniris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,berylliniris,,,,,"Wu, Huang, Tsai, Li, Jhang & Wu, 2016",This is a split from the broader concept of Kurixalus eiffingeri (Wu et al. 2016). 186873063,Kurixalus wangi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Kurixalus,wangi,,,,,"Wu, Huang, Tsai, Li, Jhang & Wu, 2016",This is a split from the broader concept of Kurixalus eiffingeri (Wu et al. 2016). 186881080,Microhyla kuramotoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MICROHYLIDAE,Microhyla,kuramotoi,,,,,"Matsui & Tominaga, 2020","

As a result of molecular phylogenetic analysis (Tominaga et al. 2019), this species has been separated from M. okinavensis and described as M. kuramotoi (Matsui and Tominaga, 2020). The closest relative of this species, M. mixtura is distributed in inland China (Tominaga et al. 2019, Matsui and Tominaga 2020).

" 186883321,Buergeria choui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Buergeria,choui,,,,,"Matsui & Tominaga, 2020","This species was recently separated from Buergeria japonica (Matsui and Tominaga, 2020)." 22688193,Archilochus colubris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Archilochus,colubris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22688199,Calypte anna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Calypte,anna,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22688299,Selasphorus sasin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Selasphorus,sasin,,,,,"(Lesson, 1829)", 22688232,Selasphorus calliope,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Selasphorus,calliope,,,,,"(Gould, 1847)",Selasphorus calliope (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Stellula. 22699871,Empidonax difficilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,difficilis,,,,,"Baird, 1858", 22699874,Empidonax occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Empidonax,occidentalis,,,,,"Nelson, 1897", 22699889,Sayornis saya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Sayornis,saya,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1825)", 103682912,Pyrocephalus rubinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pyrocephalus,rubinus,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Pyrocephalus rubinus, P. nanus and P. dubius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. rubinus following AOU (1998 & supplements), SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 57276,Physalaemus santafecinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Physalaemus,santafecinus,,,,,"Barrio, 1965", 96265253,Plestiodon finitimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Plestiodon,finitimus,,,,,"Okamoto & Hikida, 2014", 187875151,Pseudobunocephalus timbira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Pseudobunocephalus,timbira,,,,,"Leão, Carvalho, Reis & Wosiacki, 2019", 187885610,Xyliphius sofiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Xyliphius,sofiae,,,,,"Sabaj Pérez, Carvalho & Reis, 2017", 187885977,Acanthobunocephalus scruggsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Acanthobunocephalus,scruggsi,,,,,"Carvalho & Reis, 2020", 187983980,Zhangixalus amamiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Zhangixalus,amamiensis,,,,,"(Inger, 1947)",Matsui and Maeda (2018) elevated the two subspecies into two distinct species Rhacophorus viridis and Rhacophorus amamiensis supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis (Matsui et al. 2019). 188000136,Amaralia oviraptor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Amaralia,oviraptor,,,,,"Friel & Carvalho, 2016", 188000682,Hoplomyzon cardosoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ASPREDINIDAE,Hoplomyzon,cardosoi,,,,,"Carvalho, Reis & Friel, 2017", 135339349,Trachydactylus spatalurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Trachydactylus,spatalurus,,,,,"(Anderson, 1901)","De Pous et al. (2015) resurrected the genus Trachydactylus Haas & Battersby, 1959, and moved Bunopus spatalurus to it; in addition, they raised the former subspecies hajarensis to specific level, as Trachydactylus hajarensis (Arnold, 1980)." 56077811,Liolaemus pantherinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,pantherinus,,,,,"Pellegrin, 1909","Liolaemus pantherinus was originally described based on two juvenile specimens, using two characters that are not sufficient either alone or in combination to validly distinguish a species of Liolaemus (R. Langstroth pers. comm. 2016). The name was not subsequently used in the literature to describe either a valid species or a synonym, even in comparative studies of related species, until Donoso-Barros (1966) who considered it an established species within the Chilean fauna.

Its taxonomic status has subsequently been uncertain; Laurent (1982) suggested that it represented a juvenile L. ornatus, and subsequently (Laurent 1992) that it was indistinguishable from L. signifer. An examination of the cotypes (Etheridge in litt.) broadly supports the latter interpretation, although the scale counts this author reports are not identical to those in L. signifer.

Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2002) revalidated L. pantherinus as a valid species, a decision subsequently upheld by Etheridge and by Langstroth (2005). Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2002), however, further complicated the taxonomy of this group by proposing that L. islugensis should be considered a junior synonym of L. pantherinus. This opinion is still held by H. Núñez (pers. comm. 2016) who, however, cautions that he has not examined the specimens. The synonymy was justified in part by the identification of the type locality as Lake Titicaca by Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2002), however, the cotypes do not have an associated type locality (R. Langstroth pers. comm. 2016).

Ruiz de Gamboa and Ortiz (2010) recognize L. isuglensis as distinct from both L. pantherinus and L. signifer.

R. Langstroth (in litt.) has carried out a detailed examination of specimens originally collected by P.O. Simons, which include Bolivian material determined to be Liolaemus annectens by Boulenger and subsequently recognized as L. orientalis by Laurent (1990), as well as a series identified by Boulenger as L. signifer used by Pincheira-Donoso and Núñez (2005) in their characterization of this species. This study concluded both that the latter authors were misled by the ""L. signifer"" specimens, which represent the population from Uyuni considered to be L. islugensis by Ruiz de Gamboa and Ortiz (2010), and that the L. pantherinus cotypes are conspecific with Boulenger's Bolivian L. annectens from Uyuni and Potosi (=L. orientalis).

While the taxonomy involved is extremely complex, in summary this account considers that L. pantherinus is a senior synonym of L. orientalis and is not closely-related to either L. signifer or L. islugensis, with which it has been confused historically largely due to confusion regarding the correct delimitation of L. signifer." 67610419,Atractus fuliginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,fuliginosus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1845)","The taxonomic relationship between A. fuliginosus and A. univittatus needs resolution, as Atractus univittatus may be a junior synonym for Atractus fuliginosus (Rivas et al. 2012). At present the name Atractus univittatus is still used for Colombian populations pending resolution of this issue, and this concept is followed here." 188227841,Centrolene lynchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,lynchi,,,,,"(Duellman, 1980)","This is the new broader concept including Centrolene scirtetes and C. gemmatum synonymised with this species, following Guayasamin et al. (2020)." 22678379,Penelope perspicax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,perspicax,,,,,"Bangs, 1911", 186344055,Haliplus gamma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,HALIPLIDAE,Haliplus,gamma,,,,,Vondel and Bergsten 2012, 186344303,Haliplus incrassatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,HALIPLIDAE,Haliplus,incrassatus,,,,,Régimbart 1900, 22678559,Aepypodius bruijnii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Aepypodius,bruijnii,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1880)", 22697411,Eudocimus albus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Eudocimus,albus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22692078,Grus canadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,canadensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Grus canadensis (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2021) was previously moved to the genus Antigone (del Hoyo & Collar 2014), having previously been included in Grus (Cramp & Simmons 1977-1994, AERC TAC 2003).
Nominate, rowani and tabida may form a cline, with gradual changes in morphology, and random pairing among them; these three intergrade along limits of their ranges. Subspecies tabida subdivided into five populations, among which morphological differences are noted, but not analysed in taxonomic terms. Subspecies rowani sometimes considered undiagnosable, but probably separable (Johnson, Austin & Shaffer 2005). Validity of pulla has been questioned; based mainly on colour differences from pratensis, but remnant population (in Mississippi) was probably more widespread in the past, and likely to have intergraded with pratensis. Six subspecies recognized." 22693717,Recurvirostra americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,RECURVIROSTRIDAE,Recurvirostra,americana,,,,,"Gmelin, 1789", 22684331,Coccyzus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,americanus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22684438,Crotophaga sulcirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Crotophaga,sulcirostris,,,,,"Swainson, 1827", 158610,Melanophryniscus langonei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Melanophryniscus,langonei,,,,,"Maneyro, Naya & Baldo, 2008","In the Melanophryniscus moreirae group according to the original description (Maneyro et al. 2008)." 153704,Euastacus dharawalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,dharawalus,,,,,"Morgan, 1997","Morgan (1997) named Euastacus dharawalus after the Dharawal aboriginal language, but did not designate an official common name. However, he did refer to specimens of Riek’s crayfish in the Australian Museum collection as Fitzroy Falls Crayfish. The common name Fitzroy Falls Crayfish has been used ever since. There are no recent taxonomic changes or doubts as to the species validity." 167060,Gynacantha bayadera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,AESHNIDAE,Gynacantha,bayadera,,,,,"Selys, 1891", 186344308,Haliplus insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,HALIPLIDAE,Haliplus,insularis,,,,,Guignot 1960, 186344323,Haliplus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,HALIPLIDAE,Haliplus,madagascariensis,,,,,Vondel and Bergsten 2012, 186344388,Peltodytes quadratus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,HALIPLIDAE,Peltodytes,quadratus,,,,,Régimbart 1895, 22689714,Chordeiles minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Chordeiles,minor,,,,,"(Forster, 1771)", 22689735,Phalaenoptilus nuttallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Phalaenoptilus,nuttallii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1844)", 22721049,Calamospiza melanocorys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Calamospiza,melanocorys,,,,,"Stejneger, 1885","Plumage dichromatism and elaborate aerial displays reminiscent of Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) and Thick-billed Longspur (Rhynchophanes mccownii), but not closely related. Monotypic." 22721138,Passerculus henslowii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Passerculus,henslowii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1829)","

Passerculus henslowii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ammodramus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22721135,Ammospiza leconteii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Ammospiza,leconteii,,,,,"(Audubon, 1843)","

Ammospiza leconteii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Ammodramus following AOU (1998 & supplements); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 189229837,Ebenavia tuelinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ebenavia,tuelinae,,,,,"Scherz, Ruthensteiner, Crottini & Glaw, 2018",The genus Ebenavia was revised by Hawlitschek et al. (2018). These authors described a lineage endemic to the Comoros previously included within E. inunguis as the new species E. tuelinae. 189230827,Paroedura stellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,stellata,,,,,"Hawlitschek & Glaw, 2012","Paroedura sanctijohannis was previously considered to occur on all four islands in the Comoros Archipelago, and this scheme was adopted in a previous Red List assessment (Hawlitschek and Glaw 2011) The population from Mayotte has since been described as the new species P. stellata (Hawlitschek and Glaw 2012)." 189231040,Paroedura sanctijohannis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Paroedura,sanctijohannis,,,,,"Günther, 1879","Paroedura sanctijohannis was previously considered to occur on all four islands in the Comoros Archipelago, and this scheme was adopted in a previous Red List assessment (Hawlitschek and Glaw 2011) The population from Mayotte has since been described as the new species P. stellata (Hawlitschek and Glaw 2012)." 15543,Orthetrum rubens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Orthetrum,rubens,,,,,"Barnard, 1937", 62290760,Strix butleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,butleri,,,,,"(Hume, 1878)","Strix butleri was previously listed as S. omanensis in del Hoyo and Collar (2014) based on the description under this name by Robb et al. (2013). S hadorami (Kirwan, Schweizer & Copete, 2015) was previously listed as S. butleri in del Hoyo and Collar (2014) and before.

Recent genetic and morphological analyses have revealed that the type specimen of S. butleri - the geographical provenance of which is open to doubt - differs significantly from all other specimens previously ascribed to this species, indicating (despite the lack of vocal data definitively linked to the same population as the type) that two species are involved, principally because the degree of molecular differentiation is close to that in other taxa of Strix traditionally recognised as species, which led to populations of this species from S Oman to the Levant and E Egypt, which share the same morphology and vocalizations, being described as a separate species, Desert Tawny Owl S. hadorami." 704,Agrotis crinigera,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,crinigera,,,,,"(Butler, 1881)", 705,Agrotis fasciata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,fasciata,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1894)","Warren (1912) suggested this species may be a form of Agrotis lucicolens, which was subsequently synonymized with A. photophila, but Zimmerman (1958) disagrees with this assertion. It is therefore treated as a separate species." 706,Agrotis kerri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,kerri,,,,,"Swezey, 1920", 707,Agrotis laysanensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,laysanensis,,,,,,"

This species was listed as a synonym of Agrotis cremata by Warren (1912), but Zimmermann (1958) does not agree with that assessment.

" 708,Agrotis photophila,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,photophila,,,,,"(Butler, 1879)", 709,Agrotis procellaris,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,procellaris,,,,,Meyrick 1900, 188973351,Agrotis arenivolans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,arenivolans,,,,,"Butler, 1879", 188973570,Agrotis aulacias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,aulacias,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188973692,Agrotis baliopa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,baliopa,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188973759,Agrotis bryani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,bryani,,,,,"(Swezey, 1926)", 188974367,Agrotis ceramophaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,ceramophaea,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188974524,Agrotis charmocrita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,charmocrita,,,,,"(Meyrick, 1928)", 188974686,Agrotis cremata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,cremata,,,,,"(Butler, 1880)", 188975110,Agrotis dislocata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,dislocata,,,,,"(Walker, 1856)", 188975299,Agrotis epicremna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,epicremna,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899","The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex 2018) gives the spelling as Agrotis epicremma. As per the original description, this is an error, and the spelling should be Agrotis epicremna." 188987541,Agrotis evanescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,evanescens,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1894)", 188987945,Agrotis giffardi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,giffardi,,,,,"(Swezey, 1932)","

Zimmerman (1958) suggests this species could be synonymous with Agrotis mesotoxa. Additional specimens are needed to be sure, as only the female form of A. mesotoxa and male form of A. giffardi are known.

" 188988037,Agrotis helela,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,helela,,,,,"Medeiros, 2019", 188988179,Agrotis hephaestaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,hephaestaea,,,,,"Meyrick, 1904","

Due to variable colouration in the adult form, Agrotis hephaestaea was described multiple times, under the synonyms Euoxoa diplosticta and Euxoa wikstroemiae (Swezey 1944). Swezey (1944) synonymized these three species and Zimmerman (1958) accepted this change. Some sources still address Agrotis diplosticta (Euoxoa diplosticta) as a species, but it is unclear why synonymy is not recognized (SCAN 2020, J. Boone pers. comm. 2020, Nishida 2002). This assessment considers the two former species as synonyms of Agrotis hephaestaea.

" 188988355,Agrotis kuamauna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,kuamauna,,,,,"Medeiros and Kirkpatrick, 2019", 188988392,Agrotis melanoneura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,melanoneura,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188988462,Agrotis mesotoxa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,mesotoxa,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899","Zimmerman (1958) suggests this species could be synonymous with Agrotis giffardi. Additional specimens are needed to be sure, as only the female form of A. mesotoxa and male form of A. giffardi are known." 188988510,Agrotis microreas,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,microreas,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188988592,Agrotis panoplias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,panoplias,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188988644,Agrotis perigramma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,perigramma,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188989124,Agrotis psammophaea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,psammophaea,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 188989484,Agrotis tephrias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,tephrias,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899","

Zimmerman (1958) synonomized the paler Maui form of this species, which was described as Agrotis spoderopa Meyrick,1899, under Agrotis tephrias, due to the similarities in the pattern on the forewings.

" 188989620,Agrotis xiphias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,xiphias,,,,,"Meyrick, 1899", 8203,Eulemur rubriventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEMURIDAE,Eulemur,rubriventer,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1850)", 22692504,Rallus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,madagascariensis,,,,,"Verreaux, 1833", 22705156,Vireo bellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Vireo,bellii,,,,,"Audubon, 1844", 189774008,Lycodryas cococola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,cococola,,,,,"Hawlitschek, Nagy & Glaw, 2012","Hawlitschek et al. (2012) concluded that Dipsadoboa maculata, described with the uncertain provenance ""Central America"", is conspecific with Comoran Lycodryas sanctijohannis from Anjouan and Mayotte, and that this species is distinct from the form found on Grand Comoro and Mohéli. These authors therefore synonymized L. sanctijohannis within L. maculatus, and referred populations of ""L. sanctijohannis"" from Grand Comoro and Mohéli to the new species L. cococola." 193508,Lycodryas maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Lycodryas,maculatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)","Hawlitschek et al. (2012) concluded that Dipsadoboa maculata, described with the uncertain provenance ""Central America"", is conspecific with Comoran Lycodryas sanctijohannis from Anjouan and Mayotte, and that this species is distinct from the form found on Grand Comoro and Mohéli. These authors therefore synonymized L. sanctijohannis within L. maculatus, and referred populations of ""L. sanctijohannis"" from Grand Comoro and Mohéli to the new species L. cococola." 22679946,Branta bernicla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Branta,bernicla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22678148,Tinamus major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Tinamus,major,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22697143,Ardeola idae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Ardeola,idae,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1860)", 22679824,Oxyura vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Oxyura,vittata,,,,,"(Philippi, 1860)", 54517,Atelopus halihelos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,halihelos,,,,,"Peters, 1973", 54507,Atelopus eusebianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,eusebianus,,,,,"Rivero & Granados, 1993", 54528,Atelopus monohernandezii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,monohernandezii,,,,,"Ardila-Robayo, Osorno-Muñoz & Ruíz-Carranza, 2002", 54538,Atelopus pedimarmoratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,pedimarmoratus,,,,,"Rivero, 1963","Lötters (1996), suggested that the Cauca localities (by Cochran and Goin 1970) were doubtful on geographic grounds." 54541,Atelopus pictiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,pictiventris,,,,,"Kattan, 1986", 51061249,Oedipina taylori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Oedipina,taylori,,,,,"Stuart, 1952","

Following the review of the genus Oedipina by Brodie et al. (2012), where the presence of Oedipina salvadorensis was confirmed for El Salvador, E. Morán and V. Henríquez reviewed nine specimens of Oedipina from the departments of San Salvador and Ahuachapán, El Salvador [deposited in the El Salvador Museum of Natural History (MUNHES)].

The taxonomic characteristics of the specimens from San Salvador corresponded to those of Oedipina salvadorensis, while the specimens from the department of Ahuachapán corresponded to Oedipina taylori (V. Henríquez pers. comm. June 2019).

" 57335,Telmatobius dankoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,dankoi,,,,,"Formas, Northland, Capetillo, Nuñez, Cuevas & Brieva, 1999","The species may be a synonym of T. vilamensis (Sáez et al., 2014)." 190101235,Eriauchenius andriamanelo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,andriamanelo,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 57368,Telmatobius vilamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,TELMATOBIIDAE,Telmatobius,vilamensis,,,,,"Formas, Benavides and Cuevas, 2003",May be a synonym of T. dankoi (Sáez et al. 2014). 8266,Euoticus pallidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Euoticus,pallidus,,,,,"(Gray, 1863)",Grubb et al. (2003) listed two subspecies of E. pallidus: E. p. pallidus from Bioko Island and E. p. talboti from Nigeria and Cameroon. 40651,Paragalago orinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Paragalago,orinus,,,,,"(Lawrence & Washburn, 1936)","

A phylogenetic analysis of the lorisiform primates by Pozzi et al. (2015) showed that Galagoides demidoff and G. thomasi comprise a clade entirely separate from the remaining species currently placed in the genus Galagoides: G. rondoensis, G. orinus, G. zanzibaricus, G. cocos and G. granti. This latter group is sister to Galago É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1796, with the two lineages diverging about 15 mya, and has been attributed to a separate genus Paragalago Masters et al. 2017. Galagoides is now restricted to the more western forms of Central Africa and West Africa: demidoff (G. Fischer, 1806), thomasi (Elliot, 1907), and kumbirensis Svensson, Bersacola, Mills, Munds, Nijman, Perkin, Masters, Couette, Nekaris and Bearder, 2017.

" 190224857,Anomala quelparta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,RUTELIDAE,Anomala,quelparta,,,,,"Okamoto, 1924","Kim (1998) created the new genus, Chejuanomala, to hold this species; however, Zorn (2004) placed Chejuanomala into synonymy with genus Anomala." 22693203,Bartramia longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Bartramia,longicauda,,,,,"(Bechstein, 1812)", 16018,Papio papio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Papio,papio,,,,,"(Desmarest, 1820)", 190273312,Parachronistis geniculella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GELECHIIDAE,Parachronistis,geniculella,,,,,"Park, 1989", 190276878,Parastenolechia suriensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GELECHIIDAE,Parastenolechia,suriensis,,,,,"Park & Ponomarenko, 2006", 136848,Papio kindae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Papio,kindae,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1919","Papio kindae was previously considered a subspecies of the Yellow Baboon, P. cynocephalus (Grubb et al. 2003; Groves 2001, 2005; Altmann et al. 2013) and was assessed as such in 2008. It is now widely recognized as a full species because it is morphologically, genetically and behaviourally distinct from the other baboon species (Jolly 1993, Burrell 2009, Zinner 2013, Weyher et al. 2014, Petersdorf et al. 2019). Papio kindae hybridizes with Yellow Baboons (P. c. cynocephalus) and Chacma Baboons (P. ursinus griseipes) in their respective contact zones in Zambia (Jolly et al. 2011, Zinner 2013)." 190101257,Eriauchenius andrianampoinimerina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,andrianampoinimerina,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190101598,Eriauchenius goodmani,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,goodmani,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190103518,Eriauchenius rafohy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,rafohy,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 120037479,Cyanallagma trimaculatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,COENAGRIONIDAE,Cyanallagma,trimaculatum,,,,,"(Selys, 1876)", 39957,Alouatta belzebul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,belzebul,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Hill (1962) and Stanyon et al. (1995) listed five subspecies of the Red-handed Howler Monkey, Alouatta belzebul: A. b. belzebul Linnaeus, 1766 restricted by Cabrera (1957) to the Rio Capim, eastern Pará; A. b. discolor Spix, 1823 from Gurupá, Pará; A. b. ululata Elliot, 1912, from Miritiba, Maranhão; A. b. mexianae Hagmann 1908, from the island of Mexiana, in the Marajó Archipelago, Brazil; and A. b. nigerrima Lönnberg, 1941 (restricted by Cabrera (1957) to Patinga, Amazonas).

Cruz Lima (1945) listed the form nigerrima Lönnberg 1941 as a full species. Cytogenetic studies also indicated that A. b. nigerrima is sufficiently distinct as to warrant species status (Armada et al. 1987, Lima and Seuánez 1989), and that it is more closely related to A. seniculus than to A. belzebul (Oliveira 1996). Groves (2001, 2005) and Gregorin (2006) list it as a distinct species.

The taxonomy and distributions of A. belzebul have been reviewed by Langguth et al. (1987), Bonvicino et al. (1989) and Gregorin (2006). Groves (2001, 2005) did not recognize any subspecies for A. belzebul: the forms discolor, mexianae and ululata were given as junior synonyms of A. belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766). Here we follow Gregorin (2006) who recognized the forms belzebul, discolor, and ululata as full species and placed mexianae as a junior synonym of A. discolor." 136486,Alouatta arctoidea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,arctoidea,,,,,"Cabrera, 1940 ","Hill (1962) and Stanyon et al. (1995) listed nine subspecies of the red howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus: A. s. seniculus, A. s. arctoidea, A. s. stramineus, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. insulanus, A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, A. s. puruensis, A. s. sara.

Alouatta s. arctoidea is here recognized as a full species because Stanyon et al. (1995) concluded that the number of chromosomal differences between A. s. sara and A. s. arctoidea (which resulted in A. s. sara being a considered a full species) was on a similar scale to that found between A. s. sara and A. s. seniculus by Minezawa et al. (1986). Groves (2001, 2005) nevertheless maintains it as a subspecies of A. seniculus.

An undescribed subspecies of A. seniculus north of the Río Orinoco was reported by Bodini and Pérez-Hernández (1987). It may, however, be Mycetes auratus Gray, 1845 and M. laniger Gray, 1845, both from the Orinoco." 41545,Alouatta caraya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,caraya,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","The taxon is distinguished from other Alouatta species by a distinct sexual dichromatism (adult males are black and adult females are yellowish or brindled tawny) and by some characteristics of the hyoid bone in  males (particularly the lack of a tentorium) (Cortés-Ortiz et al. 2015). Although Nascimento et al. (2005) and Ascunce et al. (2007) suggest the existence of two black-and-gold howler monkey taxa based on phylogenetic analyses using the cytochrome b gene, Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015) call for caution and the need of additional data from a wider range of locations to better evaluate this issue." 43912,Alouatta discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,discolor,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","Hill (1962) listed five subspecies of the red-handed howler monkey, Alouatta belzebul: A. b. belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766) (restricted by Cabrera [1957] to the Rio Capim, eastern Pará); A. b. discolor (Spix, 1823) from Gurupá, Pará; A. b. ululata Elliot, 1912, from Miritiba, Maranhão; A. b. mexianae Hagmann, 1908, from the island of Mexiana, in the Marajó Archipelago, Brazil; and A. b. nigerrima Lönnberg, 1941 (restricted by Cabrera [1957] to Patinga, Amazonas).

Groves (2001, 2005) considered A. discolor (Spix, 1823) and A. ululata Elliot, 1912, to be synonyms of A. belzebul. Here we follow Gregorin (2006) who recognised the forms discolor and ululata as full species based in morphology of the cranium and hyoid apparatus and pelage colour and patterns." 39916,Alouatta guariba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,guariba,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","Rylands and Brandon (1998) and Gregorin (2006) discuss the validity and the use of the alternative names of fusca and guariba for the brown howler monkey of the Atlantic forest in Brazil and Argentina. Rylands and Brandon-Jones (1998) suggested that guariba Humboldt, 1812, is the correct name, while Gregorin (2006) stated that fusca E. Geoffroy, 1812, should be used. Kinzey (1982; see also Rylands et al. 1996) described color variation of pelage in brown howler monkey. Gregorin (2006), studying the morphology of cranium and hyoid apparatus, considered the two brown howlers, listed by Rylands et al. (2000) and Groves (2001, 2005) as subspecies, to be full species. Harris et al. (2005), analyzed cytochrome b sequences and found significant differences between populations of A. guariba clamitans from Rio de Janeiro and those from Santa Catarina. The authors could show that cytochrome b sequences correspond to differences in the karyotype reported by Koiffman (1977) and Oliveira et al. (1995, 1998, 2002). Maximum genetic distances found by Harris et al. (2005) were considerably greater than those recorded for A. caraya and A. belzebul by Nascimento et al. (2005), and they argued that further genetic research may result in the recognition of three species of brown howler monkeys. A similar inference was obtained by Jerusalinsky (2001) in a preliminary analysis of the mtDNA Control Region. Martins et al. (2011), who also analyzed the cytochrome b gene obtained from samples from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina, found two distinct haplogroups corresponding to the northern and southern populations, with both haplogroups occurring in sympatry within São Paulo State. Until the species’ taxonomy will be defined more clearly, this assessment continues to use names and sub-specific classification as proposed by Rylands et al. (2000), Rylands (2012), Groves (2001, 2005), Rylands and Mittermeier (2013), and Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015)." 922,Alouatta juara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,juara,,,,,"Elliot, 1910","Hill (1962) and Stanyon et al. (1995) listed nine subspecies of the red howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus: A. s. seniculus, A. s. arctoidea, A. s. stramineus, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. insulanus, A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, A. s. puruensis, and A. s. sara.

Groves (2001, 2005) considered Alouatta seniculus amazonica Lönnberg, 1941, from Codajáz, north of the Rio Solimões, west of the Rio Negro, and A. s. puruensis Lönnberg, 1941 from the Rio Purus to be junior synonyms of A. seniculus juara Elliot, 1910. Gregorin (2006) tentatively considered it to be a junior synonym of A. juara, extending the range of this species to the north of Rio Solimões. Gregorin (2006) himself stated that this was mere speculation, however, and the identity of the howling monkeys west of the Negro in the north-central Amazon (the eastern range limits of A. seniculus from Colombia) remains unclear." 136332,Alouatta nigerrima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,nigerrima,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1941","In 1854, Wallace referred to black howler monkeys on the upper Amazonas that he called Mycetes caraya. Pelzeln (1883) later designated two specimens from Borba, Amazonas, as Mycetes villosus, following Gray (1845). Lönnberg (1941) described the species on the basis of material collected by A. M. Ollala from various localities in the state Amazonas between the rios Madeira and Tapajós. Cruz Lima (1945) noted that the form nigerrima was distinct, but recommended it be compared to the black howlers of Central America. Hershkovitz (1949) considered nigerrima to be a subspecies of the Red-Handed Howler, Alouatta belzebul, a classification that was maintained by several authors for 50 years (Napier 1976; Wolfheim, 1983). Cytogenetic studies indicated that A. b. nigerrima is sufficiently distinct to warrant species status (Armada et al. 1987; see also Lima and Seuánez 1989), and that it is more closely related to seniculus than to belzebul (see Oliveira 1996). Rylands (2000) and Groves (2001, 2005) raised nigerrima to species level, a classification maintained by Gregorin (2006). This taxonomic history was taken from Gregorin (2006). Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015), however, argued that further genetic analyses and morphological studies are needed to confirm the status of A. nigerrima as a full species." 39960,Alouatta palliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,palliata,,,,,"(Gray, 1849)","

The taxonomy of the howlers of Mesoamerica, the Pacific coasts of Colombia and Ecuador and the Tumbes region of Northern Peru is based on Lawrence (1933), and recently revised by Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015a). Through a comprehensive study of Mesoamerican howlers based on cranial features and pelage colouration patterns, Lawrence (1933) considered all Mesoamerican howlers to be subspecies of A. palliata, including: A. p. mexicana, A. p. palliata, A. p. aequatorialis, A. p. pigra, A. p. luctuosa, A. p. coibensis, and A. p. trabeata. Smith (1970) analysed pelage colouration patterns, and cranial and dental features of 238 specimens from across the range of A. palliata (including those studied by Lawrence, 1933) and compared them with a population sample of two sympatric forms of howler monkeys from the state of Tabasco, Mexico. He determined that the two (partially sympatric) forms from his sample constituted two well-differentiated species, and thus recommended A. pigra to be considered full species and separated from A. palliata. He considered A. p. luctuosa Lawrence, 1933 as junior synonym of A. pigra.

Froehlich and Froehlich (1986, 1987), analysed the dermal ridge patterns of howler monkeys from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama and suggested that the forms coibensis and trabeata be treated as subspecies of a distinct species, A. coibensis. Groves (2001, 2005) followed Froehlich and Froehlich and recognized A. palliata (Gray, 1849) and A. coibensis Thomas, 1902 as distinct species, but did not distinguish any subspecies.

Using mtDNA markers, Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2003) found that the Mantled Howler Monkeys from Mexico to Panama comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from the clade of black howler monkeys (A. pigra). However, individuals from Coiba Island were found to share mitochondrial haplotypes with mantled howler monkeys from Costa Rica and Mexico, and howler monkeys from Azuero peninsula in Panama shared haplotypes with those from central and eastern Panama. In general, the divergence among mitochondrial lineages of individuals from Mexico, Costa Rica, Coiba Island, Azuero Peninsula and the rest of Panama was minimal and did not justify separating them into distinct species.

" 136787,Alouatta puruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,puruensis,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1941","Hill (1962) and Stanyon et al. (1995) listed nine subspecies of the Red Howler Monkey, Alouatta seniculus: A. s. seniculus, A. s. arctoidea, A. s. stramineus, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. insulanus, A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, A. s. puruensis, and A. s. sara.

Alouatta seniculus puruensis Lönnberg, 1941, from Jaburú, Rio Purus, is recognized as a distinct form by Gregorin (2006). He indicated that it occurs along the Ruo Purus basin and adjacent parts of the upper Rio Madeira (at least south from the lower Rio Aripuanã, about 10°S) into Rondônia. The southernmost record is Plácido de Castro, Acre. Groves (2001, 2005) placed it as a junior synonym of A. s. juara." 918,Alouatta ululata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,ululata,,,,,"Elliot, 1912","Alouatta ululata was originally described by Elliot, 1912, but was considered one of five subspecies of Alouatta belzebul (Hill 1962).  Groves (2001, 2005) still considers A. ululata as a synonym of A. belzebul. Gregorin (2006) noted that the sexual dichromatism found in specimens from Ceará and Maranhão was not described for any individual of A. belzebul or A. discolor, and concluded that A. ululata should be considered as a distinct species. Here, we follow Gregorin (2006) in recognizing A. ululata as a distinct species. However, no genetic study has included specimens of this taxon and therefore its genetic distinctiveness from A. belzebul and A. discolor remains an open question (Cortés-Ortiz et al. 2015)." 41539,Aotus azarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,azarae,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1811)","

The species of the genus Aotus are the only nocturnal primates in the Neotropics (Zunino et al. 1986, Ford 1994, Fernández-Duque 2007). The current taxonomy provides a frame on which a wide range of karyotypes is displayed (Menezes et al. 2010, Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2011). Various studies have reported about 18 different karyotypes with diploid number that are distributed on 46 to 58 chromosomes (Ruiz-Herrera et al. 2005, Menezes et al. 2010, Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2011).


To date, the Aotus taxonomy is based on morphological, karyological and carbonic anhydrase II electrophoretic data (Ford 1994, Sampaio et al. 1991). More recently, phylogenetic reconstructions were inferred from mtDNA data (partial cytochrome oxidase II; Ashley and Vaughn 1995; Plautz et al. 2009).


Hershkovitz's (1983) taxonomic revision comprises a total of nine species. In his scheme, the genus Aotus is divided into two groups, based on differences in pelage coloration (red neck or grey neck). Hershkovitz (1983) classified the genus on the basis of fur patterns, karyotypes and geographical distribution. However, more recent revisions of the genus consider eleven species (Defler and Bueno 2007; Menezes et al. 2010; Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2011).


Hershkovitz (1983) divided the genus into two groups: those species that live on the left bank of the Maranon-Solimões-Amazonas Rivers (gray-necked group) and those from the right bank (red-necked group). The gray-necked group comprises of four species: A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans, A. brumbacki, and A. lemurinus (A. l. lemurinus and A. l. griseimembra). Based on karyotypic data, at least seven species can be recognized in this group, being A. brumbacki, A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans, A. zonalis and a presumably new species named A. jorgehernandezi (Defler and Buneo 2007). The red-necked group comprises of five species: A. infulatus, A. nigriceps, A. nancymai, A. miconax, and A. azarae (A. a. azarae and A. a. boliviensis) (Pieczarka et al. 1991, Defler and Bueno 2007). While Hershkovitz (1983) recognized A. infulatus Kuhl, 1820 as a full species, Groves (2001, 2005) sunk it as a subspecies into Aotus azarae.


According to Schneider & Sampaio (2015) the molecular phylogeny of Aotus is relatively well explored. Menezes et al. (2010) carried out phylogenetic analysis using five mitochondrial markers and the nuclear SRY (Y-linked) gene in addition to karyological data. They identified a major diversification event around 4.62 mya (range: 3.07–6.43 mya) related to the presence of at least three refuges: the Andean refuge (Aotus azarae, A. infulatus, and A. nigriceps), the Guyanan refuge (A. trivirgatus), and the Brazilian refuge (A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. zonalis, A. brumbacki, A. vociferans, A. miconax, and A. nancymae). The information published to date is insufficient to fully characterize the diversity of this genus (Fernández-Duque et al. 2008).


Here, the taxonomy essentially follows revisions of Hershkovitz (1983), Groves (2001, 2005), Rylands (2012) and Rylands & Mittermeier (2014).

" 1807,Aotus griseimembra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,griseimembra,,,,,"Elliot, 1912","The taxonomy of the night monkeys (Aotus spp.) is still debated and does not represent a complete picture of the diversity of the genus Aotus. The current taxonomy essentially follows the early revision of Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms. However, Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) reported that cytogenetic studies characterized 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. Recent molecular studies have made valuable contributions towards the understanding of night monkeys’ taxonomy and their phylogenetic relations (Plautz et al. 2009, Menezes et al. 2010).

Reviewing the entire taxonomy and distributions of the night monkeys, Aotus, Ford (1994) carried out multivariate analyses of craniodental measures and pelage patterns and colour, and also took into consideration chromosomal data and blood protein variations. Ford (1994) concluded that there was “good support” for just two species north of the Río Amazonas: A. trivirgatus (Humboldt, 1812) east and north of the Rio Negro, and the polymorphic A. vociferans to the west of the Rio Negro. Aotus vociferans, as such, would include all the forms north of the Río Amazonas/Solimões in Brazil (west of the Rio Negro), Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, and in the Chocó, northern Colombia and Colombian Andes, and Panama: brumbacki, lemurinus, griseimembra, and zonalis.

Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) restricted both lemurinus (Colombian Andes, elevations from 1,000 to 1,500 m up to 3,000-3,200 m) and griseimembra (northern lowlands, Santa Marta mountains, West to Río Sinú, Río San Jorge, lower Río Cauca and lowlands of middle and upper Río Magdalena) to Colombia, while recognizing the form zonalis as the night monkey of north-western Colombia (Chocó) and Panama. Hershkovitz (1983) recognized lemurinus and griseimembra as distinct, but considered them to be subspecies of a single species; he made no mention of the name zonalis, but as he ascribed Central American night monkeys to A. lemurinus lemurinus, by implication he was regarding it as a synonym of this latter form. Groves (2001) followed Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) in recognizing zonalis as the form in Panama, and listed it as a subspecies of lemurinus along with griseimembra and brumbacki Hershkovitz, 1983. Defler et al. (2001) concluded that the karyotype of Aotus hershkovitzi Ramirez-Cerquera, 1983 (from the upper Río Cusiana, Boyacá, Colombia; 2n = 58) was in fact that of true lemurinus, and that the karyotypes which Hershkovitz (1983) had considered to be those of lemurinus were in fact of zonalis. Defler et al. (2001) and others (Defler 2003, 2004; Defler and Bueno 2003) concluded that Aotus lemurinus of Hershkovitz (1983) is in fact three karyotypically well-defined species, and that the night monkeys of the lowlands of Panama and the Chocó region of Colombia belong to the species A. zonalis, and those of the Magdalena valley to A. griseimembra, while those above altitudes of 1,500m should correctly be referred to as A. lemurinus. For a review of the taxonomy of the night monkeys of Panama and northern Colombia see Rylands et al. (2006).

Defler and Bueno (2007) discussed the karyology of the grey-necked night monkeys and reaffirmed the validity of A. brumbacki, A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans and A. zonalis." 136211,Aotus jorgehernandezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,jorgehernandezi,,,,,"Defler & Bueno, 2007","Defler and Bueno (2007) described A. jorgehernandezi from a specimen in captivity in Quindío Department, Colombia, said to be from the Parque de los Nevados on the border between Quindío and Risaralda. The authors also discuss the karyology of the grey-necked night monkeys and reaffirm the validity of A. brumbacki, A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans and A. zonalis." 41542,Aotus nigriceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,nigriceps,,,,,"Dollman, 1909","It is doubtful that the current taxonomy provides a true picture of the diversity of the genus Aotus. Ruiz-Herrera et al. 2005) reported that cytogenetic studies have characterized 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. The taxonomy of the night monkeys essentially follows the revision by Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms." 190497133,Kosciuscola tasmanicus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,tasmanicus,,,,,"Rehn, 1957", 190103544,Eriauchenius ranavalona,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,ranavalona,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190103577,Eriauchenius rangita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,rangita,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 22688359,Tauraco ruspolii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,ruspolii,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1896)", 22687774,Oreotrochilus adela,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreotrochilus,adela,,,,,"(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)", 190550138,Sturisoma graffini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Sturisoma,graffini,,,,,"Londoño-Burbano, 2018", 190550787,Hemigrammus changae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Hemigrammus,changae,,,,,"Ota, Lima & Hidalgo, 2019", 22678232,Crypturellus parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,parvirostris,,,,,"(Wagler, 1827)", 190551440,Ancistrus miracollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Ancistrus,miracollis,,,,,"Bifi, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2019", 190551905,Bryconops chernoffi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,IGUANODECTIDAE,Bryconops,chernoffi,,,,,"Silva-Oliveira, Lima & Bogotá-Gregory, 2018", 190552041,Chinchaysuyoa ortegai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,ARIIDAE,Chinchaysuyoa,ortegai,,,,,"Marceniuk, Marchena, Oliveira & Betancur-R., 2019", 190552112,Creagrutus yudja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Creagrutus,yudja,,,,,"Netto-Ferreira & Moreira, 2018", 190552352,Melanorivulus ivinhemensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,RIVULIDAE,Melanorivulus,ivinhemensis,,,,,"Volcan, Severo-Neto & Lanés, 2018", 190552924,Rineloricaria jurupari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,LORICARIIDAE,Rineloricaria,jurupari,,,,,"Londoño-Burbano & Urbano-Bonilla, 2018", 190554693,Hesperilla picta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HESPERIIDAE,Hesperilla,picta,,,,,"(Leach, 1814)", 122058213,Graphium macleayanum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,macleayanum,,,,,"(Leach, 1814)","There are subspecies of this species on the Australian mainland and Tasmania: the nominate subspecies macleayanum; subspecies moggana Couchman, 1965; and subspecies wilsoni Couchman, 1965 (e.g. in Common and Waterhouse 1981) but treated by some sources as a synonym of the nominate subspecies (see of Living Australia 2021). A fourth subspecies, subspecies insulanum (Waterhouse, 1920), has been described from Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands (Common and Waterhouse 1972).

" 190640842,Ansonia kyaiktiyoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Ansonia,kyaiktiyoensis,,,,,"Quah, Grismer, Wood, Thura, Oaks & Lin, 2019", 22726810,Oxypogon stuebelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oxypogon,stuebelii,,,,,"A. B. Meyer, 1884","Oxypogon guerinii, O. cyanolaemus, O. lindenii and O. stuebelii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. guerinii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22712330,Hirundo megaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Hirundo,megaensis,,,,,"Benson, 1942", 190101542,Eriauchenius fisheri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,fisheri,,,,,(Lotz 2003), 22723269,Poospiza garleppi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Poospiza,garleppi,,,,,"Berlepsch, 1893",

Poospiza garleppi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Compsospiza following SACC (2009).

 

190101622,Eriauchenius harveyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,harveyi,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190103686,Eriauchenius wunderlichi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,wunderlichi,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190101863,Eriauchenius lukemacaulayi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,lukemacaulayi,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190102194,Eriauchenius mahariraensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,mahariraensis,,,,,(Lotz 2003), 190102513,Eriauchenius milajaneae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,milajaneae,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190103831,Eriauchenius zirafy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,zirafy,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018,‘Zirafy’ means ‘giraffe’ in Malagasy (Wood and Scharff 2018). 22729082,Calyptophilus tertius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CALYPTOPHILIDAE,Calyptophilus,tertius,,,,,"Wetmore, 1929","

Calyptophilus frugivorus and C. tertius (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. frugivorus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 190103883,Madagascarchaea fohy,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,fohy,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 22708119,Picathartes oreas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PICATHARTIDAE,Picathartes,oreas,,,,,"Reichenow, 1899", 22722423,Habia gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,gutturalis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1854)", 22723375,Emberizoides duidae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Emberizoides,duidae,,,,,"Chapman, 1929", 181951,Ichthyborus quadrilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,DISTICHODONTIDAE,Ichthyborus,quadrilineatus,,,,,"(Pellegrin, 1904)", 182784,Heterotilapia cessiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Heterotilapia,cessiana,,,,,"Thys van den Audenaerde, 1968",This species previously appeared on the IUCN Red List in the genus Tilapia but is now considered valid in the genus Heterotilapia (Eschmeyer et al. 2018). 183029,Scriptaphyosemion guignardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Scriptaphyosemion,guignardi,,,,,"(Romand, 1981)", 190103980,Madagascarchaea rabesahala,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,rabesahala,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190103495,Eriauchenius milloti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,milloti,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 22710787,Poeoptera femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Poeoptera,femoralis,,,,,"(Richmond, 1897)",

Poeoptera femoralis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Cinnyricinclus femoralis.

190103597,Eriauchenius rixi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,rixi,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 22728454,Hylopezus auricularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,GRALLARIIDAE,Hylopezus,auricularis,,,,,"(Gyldenstolpe, 1941)", 190103657,Eriauchenius sama,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Eriauchenius,sama,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 190103928,Madagascarchaea lotzi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,lotzi,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 22723209,Incaspiza watkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Incaspiza,watkinsi,,,,,"Chapman, 1925", 190514782,Melanogaster jaroslavensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Melanogaster,jaroslavensis,,,,,"(Stackelberg, 1922)",
190103956,Madagascarchaea moramora,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Madagascarchaea,moramora,,,,,Wood and Scharff 2018, 22724596,Atlapetes melanopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,melanopsis,,,,,"Valqui & Fjeldså, 2002", 190797196,Abraxas pseudomiranda,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Abraxas,pseudomiranda,,,,,"Choi, Kim & Shin, 1998", 191002872,Semisulcospira coreana,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,coreana,,,,,"(Martens, 1886)", 191002914,Semisulcospira forticosta,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Semisulcospira,forticosta,,,,,"(Martens, 1886)", 191035442,Microcalicha seolagensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GEOMETRIDAE,Microcalicha,seolagensis,,,,,"Beljaev & Park, 1998", 191113402,Koreoleptoxis tegulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SORBEOCONCHA,SEMISULCOSPIRIDAE,Koreoleptoxis,tegulata,,,,,"(Martens, 1894)","This species has long been placed in the genus Semisulcospira, but because it is oviparous it has been transferred to Koereoleptoxis (rather than the viviparous Semisulcospira), both genera being sister taxa (Köhler 2017; F. Köhler pers. comm. 2020)." 181134648,Tylototriton phukhaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,phukhaensis,,,,,"Pomchote, Khonsue, Thammachoti, Hernandez, Peerachidacho, Suwannapoom, Onishi & Nishikawa, 2020",This species was previously confused with Tylototriton verrucosus (Pomchote et al. 2020). 181138777,Tylototriton kachinorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,kachinorum,,,,,"Zaw, Lay, Pawangkhanant, Gorin & Poyarkov, 2019", 181138092,Tylototriton panwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Tylototriton,panwaensis,,,,,"Grismer, Wood, Quah, Thura, Espinoza & Murdoch, 2019", 186343966,Haliplus alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,HALIPLIDAE,Haliplus,alluaudi,,,,,Régimbart 1903, 22724718,Asthenes usheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,usheri,,,,,"Morrison, 1947","Asthenes dorbignyi. A. arequipae, A. usheri and A. huancavelicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. dorbignyi following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103673286,Asthenes huancavelicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,huancavelicae,,,,,"Morrison, 1938","Asthenes dorbignyi. A. arequipae, A. usheri and A. huancavelicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. dorbignyi following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 22702527,Asthenes berlepschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,berlepschi,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1917)", 103694489,Ceblepyris cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Ceblepyris,cucullatus,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885)","

Ceblepyris cinereus and C. cucullatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina cinerea following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 188456986,Cheilosia candida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Cheilosia,candida,,,,,"Vujić & Radenković, 2020","Cheilosia candida Vujić et Radenković, 2020 is a member of the subgenus Convocheila Barkalov, and endemic to Europe. The species was described based on a single male specimen. Radenković et al. (2020) provide images of the male, including the male genitalia, and an identification key to separate the species from all other members of subgenus Convocheila. The species is morphologically similar to C. paralobi Malski, and distinguishing characters are provided in Radenković et al. (2020)." 22728176,Treron griveaudi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,griveaudi,,,,,"(Benson, 1960)","

Treron australis and T griveaudi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. australis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22733941,Rhynchotus rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Rhynchotus,rufescens,,,,,"(Temminck, 1815)", 191524790,Teleiodes klaussattleri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GELECHIIDAE,Teleiodes,klaussattleri,,,,,"Park, 1992", 191525211,Teleiodes longivalvella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,GELECHIIDAE,Teleiodes,longivalvella,,,,,"Park, 1992", 22702569,Asthenes urubambensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,urubambensis,,,,,"(Chapman, 1919)", 41543,Aotus trivirgatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,trivirgatus,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","

It is doubtful that the current taxonomy provides a true picture of the diversity of the genus Aotus. Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) reported that cytogenetic studies have characterized 18 different karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 46 to 58 chromosomes. The taxonomy of the night monkeys essentially follows the revision by Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms. Bodini and Ferreira (1986) conducted a pilot study on the craniometry and pelage characteristics of Venezuelan Aotus trivirgatus.

Reviewing the entire taxonomy and distributions of the night monkeys, Aotus, Ford (1994) carried out multivariate analyses of craniodental measures and pelage patterns and color, and also took into consideration chromosomal data and blood protein variations. Ford (1994) concluded that there was “good support” for just two species north of the Río Amazonas: A. trivirgatus (Humboldt, 1812) east and north of the Rio Negro, and the polymorphic A. vociferans to the west of the Rio Negro. Aotus vociferans, as such, would include all the forms north of the Río Amazonas/Solimões in Brazil (west of the Rio Negro), Peru, Colombia and Ecuador, and in the Chocó, northern Colombia and Colombian Andes, and Panama: brumbacki, lemurinus, griseimembra, and zonalis.

Amongst others, the karyotype of Aotus trivirgatus was described by Defler and Bueno (2007), and Hershkovitz (1983), who based his taxonomy primarily on karyotypes, indicated that further research may result in a revision of this and the forms he recognizes as miconax and infulatus. In Brazil, Santos-Mello and Thiago de Mello (1986) completed a preliminary analysis of the karyotype of Aotus trivirgatus collected near Manaus. They found a female with 52 chromosomes and a male with 51 chromosomes.

" 41544,Aotus vociferans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,AOTIDAE,Aotus,vociferans,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","The precise phylogeny of the genus Aotus has been and continues to be a matter of debate. Different hypotheses have been proposed, from the existence of a single species (Aotus trivirgatus) with several allopatric subspecies (Hernández-Camacho and Cooper 1976; Hershkovitz 1949), to the 18 different karyotypes reported by Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) from cytogenetic studies. The current taxonomy essentially follows the revision by Hershkovitz (1983), with some modifications for the Colombian and Central American forms.

Hershkovitz (1983) included Aotus vociferans as a species of the “grey-necked group”, together with A. lemurinus (containing 2 subspecies, A. l. lemurinus and A. l. griseimembra), A. brumbacki and A. trivirgatus.  Ford (1994) included the forms lemurinus and griseimembra as subspecies of A. vociferans; however, Groves (2001) also included them as subspecies of A. lemurinus, and noted the differentiation between the lemurinus and vociferans forms. Defler and Bueno (2007) discussed the karyology of the gray-necked night monkeys and reaffirmed the validity of A. brumbacki, A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus, A. trivirgatus, A. vociferans and A. zonalis. Findings by Menezes et al. (2010) further supported the validity of A. griseimembra, A. lemurinus and A. vociferans as species.

Even though few molecular studies have been performed to resolve the phylogeny of Aotus, the available information indicates a close relation between A. vociferans, A. griseimembra and A. brumbacki (grey-necked group) and also between A. nancymaae and this group, especially with A. vociferans (Plautz et al. 2009; Menezes et al. 2010; Ruiz-García et al. 2011). Furthermore, Defler and Bueno (2007) proposed A. vociferans as one of the most ancient Aotus species, and evidence from molecular studies supports this hypothesis (Plautz et al. 2009; Ruiz-García et al. 2010)." 22707769,Prionops alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Prionops,alberti,,,,,"Schouteden, 1933", 2276,Ateles belzebuth,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Ateles,belzebuth,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1806","The current taxonomy of spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) is based on Kellogg and Goldman’s (1944) seminal review and more recently, complemented by morphological and molecular analysis of Froehlich et al. (1991), Collins and Dubach (2000), Nieves et al. (2005) and Morales-Jimenez et al. (2015). The early classification of spider monkeys proposed by Kellogg and Goldman (1944) relied on the geographical distribution and several morphological characters. However, Ateles belzebuth comprised of several taxa characterized by the presence of a white patch on the forehead, including populations of white-bellied spider monkeys from northwestern Amazonia, the trans-Andean populations of Ateles hybridus, and the populations of spider monkeys from eastern Amazonia (Ateles marginatus). Spider monkeys without a whitish brow patch were also grouped together, including spider monkeys of the Guianas (Ateles paniscus) and spider monkeys from southwestern Amazonia (Ateles chamek). This initial taxonomic hypothesis was not parsimonious due to the geographical discordance between groups of spider monkeys with “similar” characters. In fact, Sampaio et al. (1993) had argued that the forms paniscus and chamek should be considered distinct species on the basis of the genetic distance between them.

The morphological and molecular studies conducted by Froehlich et al. (1991) and by Collins and Dubach (2000), respectively, brought up a new hypothesis that suggested that Ateles belzebuth was composed of three major Amazonian groups (Ateles b. belzebuth, Ateles b. chamek and Ateles b. marginatus), while Ateles paniscus was a sister group (and basal) to all other spider monkeys. Also, these studies provided evidence for an early divergence between Ateles hybridus in northern South America and Ateles belzebuth in the Amazon basin (Collins 1999; Collins and Dubach 2000). Later studies based on chromosomal and molecular markers supported the hypothesis that the belzebuth-chamek-marginatus group formed a monophyletic clade (Nieves et al. 2005). Since then there has been debate on the specific status of belzebuth, chamek and marginatus, and several authors have supported this new classification of Amazonian spider monkeys (e.g. Rylands et al. 2000). Recently, a new molecular study proposed that Ateles marginatus may well be the sister taxon to all other spider monkeys, and confirmed that Ateles belzebuth and Ateles chamek are indeed sister taxa that may have shared a common ancestor approximately 1.8 million years ago (Morales-Jimenez et al. 2015)." 41547,Ateles chamek,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Ateles,chamek,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","Traditionally, Ateles taxonomy is based on Kellogg and Goldman (1944) that recognize four species: Ateles paniscus (two subspecies, including Ateles paniscus chamek), A. belzebuth (3 subspecies), A. geoffroyi (nine subspecies) and A. fusciceps (two subspecies). Froehlich et al. (1991), Medeiros (1994) and Medeiros et al. (1997) argue that A. paniscus is a distinct species without subspecies. Boer and Bruijn (1990) indicated that A. chamek should be considered a full species, while Froehlich et al. (1991) and Collins (2008) classify the taxon as a subspecies of Ateles belzebuth (A. b. chamek). According to Collins (2008), genetic evidence shows that the morphological similarities that spider monkeys of Cocha Cashu National Park in Peru share with A. paniscus in Suriname and the Guiana Shield (black coat and pink face) are superficial and thus should be classified as Ateles belzebuth chamek. Rylands et al. (2000), Rylands and Mittermeier (2009) and Konstant and Rylands (2013) recognize A. chamek as a distinct species. According to van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen (2014) the species of spider monkey that occurs throughout the interfluve between the Rios Madeira, Mamoré, Guaporé and Tapajós, an area recognized for the occurrence of A. chamek, should be Ateles longimembris. In this region, Cruz Lima (1945) recognized this spider monkey as a subspecies of Ateles paniscus, while Groves (2001) considered A. longimembris as a synonym of A. chamek. Van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen (2014) report that they regard it as a distinct species of Ateles occurring between the Rios Purus and Madeira, south and west of the Rio Ipixuna (right bank tributary of the Rio Purus)." 135446,Ateles fusciceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Ateles,fusciceps,,,,,"Gray, 1866","The taxonomy of spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) has been based on Kellogg and Goldman´s (1944) seminal study, and complemented by morphological and molecular studies more recently (Froehlich et al. 1991; Collins and Dubach 2000; Nieves et al. 2005; Morales-Jimenez et al. 2015b). The early studies of Kellogg and Goldman (1944) relied in the classification of spider monkeys based on the geographical distribution and several morphological characters. A. fusciceps robustus Allen, 1914 is considered a junior synonym of A. f. rufiventris Sclater, 1871 following Heltne and Kunkel (1975) (see Rylands et al. 2000). Silva-López et al. (1996) argued that Ateles geoffroyi pan was not a valid taxon. Since the earliest studies on the taxonomy of spider monkeys, A. fusciceps has been considered either within the geoffroyi clade or as a sister taxa to A. geoffroyi based on morphological characters (Froehlich et al. 1991) or molecular data (Collins and Dubach 2000).

Collins and Dubach (2000) argued that the forms fusciceps and rufiventris are subspecies of Ateles geoffroyi. The taxonomy and distributions of Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles fusciceps was reviewed by Rylands et al. (2006). Recent molecular data has suggested that the Mesoamerican spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) and spider monkeys in north-western South America (Ateles fusciceps) shared a common ancestor nearly 2.2 Mya, and that both disjunct subspecies A. f. fusciceps and A. f. rufiventris shared a common ancestor nearly 1.3 Mya (Morales-Jimenez et al. 2015b). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing strongly supports Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles fusciceps being reciprocally monophyletic taxa (Morales-Jimenez et al. 2015b).

Ateles f. rufiventris Sclater, 1871, from the Río Atrato, Darien, Colombia, is listed as incertae sedis by Kellogg and Goldman (1944). Medeiros et al. (1997) indicated that, from the cytogenetic viewpoint, rufiventris Sclater, 1871, may well be reproductively isolated from A. geoffroyi." 2279,Ateles geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Ateles,geoffroyi,,,,,"Kuhl, 1820","The current taxonomy of Ateles geoffroyi is based on Kellogg and Goldman (1944), Rylands et al. 2006, and Morales-Jiménez et al. (2015). Originally, detail analyses of cranial morphology and pelage colouration by Kellogg and Goldman (1944) recognized nine distinct subspecies. Hill (1962), Hall (1981), and Konstant et al. (1985) retained all these subspecies, but morphological and genetic analyses over the past two decades challenged the validity of these taxa. For example, Silva-López et al. (1996) exemplified the enormous variation in pelage colouration of Ateles in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize and concluded that A. g. pan Schlegel, 1876 and A. g. yucatanensis Kellogg and Goldman, 1944 was within the variation of A. g. vellerosus. Napier (1976) also showed that the type specimen A. g. panamensis Kellogg and Goldman, 1944 falls within the variation of A. g. ornatus, Gray, 1870 and recommended considering the former a synonym of the latter. Based on phylogenetic analyses of small fragments of mitochondrial DNA genes, Collins and Dubach (2000) recognized a northern and a southern group of spider monkeys in Central America, but due to their fragmentary sampling could not properly evaluate subspecies distinctiveness. Using ~800 bp of the mtDNA control region, Morales-Jiménez et al. (2015) analysed the phylogenetic relationships of 49 spider monkeys sampled across Central America, and concluded that individuals from Mexico, Guatemala and Belize should be considered as part of A. g. vellerosus, while individuals from El Salvador should not be included in this taxon. They also found that individuals from southwestern Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica should be considered as A. g. frontatus and individuals from Azuero peninsula formed a monophyletic clade, supporting their recognition as distinct subspecies. However, despite recent efforts to improve our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the different subspecies of A. geoffroyi, conclusive results regarding the taxonomic validity of its subspecies still require analyses that include samples of individuals from southern Guatemala, Honduras, northern and eastern Nicaragua, central and western Panama, and eastern Costa Rica. Here, we tentatively recognized six subspecies: Ateles geoffroyi geoffroyi, Ateles geoffroyi azuerensis, Ateles geoffroyi frontatus, Ateles geoffroyi grisescens, Ateles geoffroyi ornatus, Ateles geoffroyi vellerosus.

The taxonomy and distributions of Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles fusciceps was reviewed by Rylands et al. (2006). Recent molecular data has suggested that the Mesoamerican spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) and spider monkeys in north-western South America (Ateles fusciceps) shared a common ancestor nearly 2.2 Mya, and that both disjunct subspecies A. f. fusciceps and A. f. rufiventris shared a common ancestor nearly 1.3 Mya (Morales-Jimenez et al. 2015b). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing strongly supports Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles fusciceps being reciprocally monophyletic taxa (Morales-Jimenez et al. 2015b)." 2282,Ateles marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Ateles,marginatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1809)","The taxonomy of the spider monkeys is based on Kellogg and Goldman (1944) and Hill (1962). The forms hybridus, chamek and marginatus are listed as distinct species and A. fusciceps robustus Allen, 1914 is considered a junior synonym of A. f. rufiventris Sclater, 1871 following Heltne and Kunkel (1975) (see Rylands et al. 2000).

Froehlich et al. (1991), and Medeiros (1994; Medeiros et al. 1997) argued that A. paniscus is a distinct form with no subspecies. De Boer and Bruijn (1990) indicated that chamek should be considered a full species, and likewise Sampaio et al. (1993) argued that the forms paniscus and chamek should be considered distinct species on the basis of the genetic distance between them. Ateles chamek was found to be closer to belzebuth than to paniscus (see also Nieves et al. 2005).

M.G.M. van Roosmalen reported (5 August 2003) an undescribed species of spider monkey within the supposed range of A. marginatus. It ""occurs in the most south-eastern limit of the genus' distribution and inhabits the dry savanna forests and cerradão of northern Mato Grosso. Its western limit is the Rio Teles Pires and eastern limit is the Rio Culuene, a headwater tributary of the Rio Xingú. Its distribution is disjunct with that of Ateles marginatus along the lower and middle Rio Xingú, Pará, west as far as the Rio Tapajós and east as far as the left bank of the lower Rio Tocantins."" It differs from A. marginatus by ""the dark chestnut brown black fur, the pink instead of pitch-black muzzle and circumocular rings, and larger white whiskers and triangular blaze."" According to van Roosmalen, it can be seen along the headwater effluents of the Rio Xingú, such as the Rios Culuene, Curisevo, Batoví, Ronuro, and Von den Steinen." 2283,Ateles paniscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Ateles,paniscus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The taxonomy of the spider monkeys is based on Kellogg and Goldman (1944) and Hill (1962). The forms hybridus, chamek and marginatus are listed as distinct species and A. fusciceps robustus Allen, 1914 is considered a junior synonym of A. f. rufiventris Sclater, 1871 following Heltne and Kunkel (1975) (see Rylands et al. 2000).

Froehlich et al. (1991), and Medeiros (1994; Medeiros et al. 1997) argued that A. paniscus is a distinct form with no subspecies. De Boer and Bruijn (1990) indicated that chamek should be considered a full species, and likewise Sampaio et al. (1993) argued that the forms paniscus and chamek should be considered distinct species on the basis of the genetic distance between them. Ateles chamek was found to be closer to belzebuththan to paniscus (see also Nieves et al. 2005)." 2993,Brachyteles arachnoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Brachyteles,arachnoides,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1806)","Vieira (1944) recognized two subspecies of Brachyteles. Recent evidence provided by Lemos de Sá et al. (1990), Fonseca et al. (1991) and Lemos de Sá and Glander (1993) indicated that Vieira’s original (1944) standing was valid, but that differentiation is even more extreme and justifies the classification of the two forms as separate species (see also Coimbra-Filho et al. 1993). Groves (2001, 2005) lists the two muriquis as separate species." 2994,Brachyteles hypoxanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Brachyteles,hypoxanthus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","Vieira (1944) recognized two subspecies of Brachyteles. Recent evidence provided by Lemos de Sá et al. (1990), Fonseca et al. (1991) and Lemos de Sá and Glander (1993) indicated that Vieira’s original (1944) standing was valid, but that differentiation is even more extreme and justifies the classification of the two forms as separate species (see also Coimbra-Filho et al. 1993). Groves (2001, 2005) lists the two muriquis as separate species." 136419,Cacajao ayresi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cacajao,ayresi,,,,,"Boubli, da Silva, Amado, Herbk, Pontual & Farias, 2008",The taxonomy of this newly described species follows Boubli et al. (2008). 136640,Cacajao hosomi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cacajao,hosomi,,,,,"Boubli, da Silva, Amado, Herbk, Pontual & Farias, 2008",The taxonomy of this newly described species follows Boubli et al. (2008). 160875418,Cacajao melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cacajao,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","The taxonomy of Cacajao follows Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976), Hershkovitz (1987), Eisenberg (1989), Boubli (1994), Figueiredo (2006) and Boubli et al. (2008). The species name Cacajao ouakary has been suggested as more appropriate than Cacajao melanocephalus (A. Barnett pers. comm.) but Boubli et al. 2008 disagree." 3555,Callicebus personatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Callicebus,personatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1812)","Up until the end of the twentieth century, what is now considered the Callicebus personatus group consisted of a single species, with four subspecies (Hershkovitz 1988, 1990). Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) elevated the remaining taxa to the species level, resulting in a group of five species including Callicebus personatus." 3564,Callimico goeldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callimico,goeldii,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)","A monotypic genus. Recent genetic studies of the captive population, and the indication of outbreeding depression have aroused suspicion that their may be more than one species in this genus (Vàsàrhelyi 2002)." 3570,Callithrix aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callithrix,aurita,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812)","In the past, the eastern Brazilian marmosets (penicillata É. Geoffroy, 1812; geoffroyi É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812; aurita É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812; and flaviceps Thomas, 1903) of the ‘jacchus group’ were considered to be subspecies of Callithrix jacchus, following Hershkovitz (1977). All taxa were later elevated to full species level (Coimbra-Filho 1984, Mittermeier et al. 1988, Marroig et al. 2004, Coimbra-Filho et al. 2006).

Coimbra-Filho (1986a, b, 1990, 1991) has argued that the similarity in dental morphology (Natori 1986), behaviour, pelage (infants of the two forms are practically identical in appearance), vocalizations (Mendes 1997b,c) and the recent discovery of wild groups of hybrids between C. aurita and C. flaviceps at Carangola, Minas Gerais (Ferrari and Mendes 1991), suggest subspecific status (Coimbra-Filho et al. 1993). Ferrari et al. (1996) studied and reviewed the ecology and behaviour of C. aurita and C. flaviceps groups and concluded that although undoubtedly very similar, the “comparison appears to have done more to re-emphasize the enormous flexibility underlying the behavioural ecology of the marmosets as a whole than clarify the relationships between these two taxa in particular”. Here, Rylands’ (2012) proposed taxonomy is followed; it considers C. aurita and C. flaviceps as full species." 3571,Callithrix flaviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callithrix,flaviceps,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)","In the past, the eastern Brazilian marmosets (penicillata É. Geoffroy, 1812, geoffroyi É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, aurita É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, and flaviceps Thomas, 1903) of the “jacchus group” were considered to be subspecies of Callithrix jacchus, following Hershkovitz (1977). All are now considered to be full species (see Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier 1973, Coimbra-Filho 1984, Mittermeier et al. 1988, Mendes 1997b, Marroig et al. 2004, Coimbra-Filho et al. 2006).

Coimbra-Filho (1986a,b, 1990) and Coimbra-Filho et al. (1993b) argued that Callithrix flaviceps should be considered a subspecies of C. aurita. The similarities between C. flaviceps and C. aurita in pelage patterns such as the ear tufts and the skull-like facial mask, ecological adaptations, ontogeny (the infants are extremely similar), vocalizations and clinal variation in overall pelage colour, based this opinion (Coimbra-Filho 1986a,b; Coimbra-Filho et al. 1993). However, Ferrari et al. (1996) rejected the subspecies status of C. flaviceps based on ecological and behavioural studies of groups of C. flaviceps and C. aurita. Rylands (2012) corroborates this view and considers C. flaviceps as a full species." 3572,Callithrix geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callithrix,geoffroyi,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812)","In the past, the eastern Brazilian marmosets (penicillata É. Geoffroy, 1812, geoffroyi É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, aurita É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, and flaviceps Thomas, 1903) of the “jacchus group” were considered to be subspecies of Callithrix jacchus, following Hershkovitz (1977). All are now considered to be full species (see Coimbra-Filho 1984, Mittermeier et al. 1988, Marroig et al. 2004, Coimbra-Filho et al. 2006)." 3575,Callithrix kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callithrix,kuhlii,,,,,"Coimbra-Filho, 1985","The validity and authorship of the name Callithrix kuhlii has been the subject of some debate. Hershkovitz (1975, p.142) was the first to indicate that Wied-Neuwied (1826) had referred to the marmoset of south-east Bahia as “Hapale penicillata Kuhlii” [sic]. However, Hershkovitz (1975, 1977) argued at length that kuhlii was not a valid taxon, being merely an intergrade between C. j. penicillata and C. j. geoffroyi. Vivo (1991, pp.80-81), on the other hand, argued that Wied-Neuwied (1826) had not intentionally given it this name, merely, and incorrectly, ascribing the authorship of the name penicillatato Kuhl. The first person to intentionally use the name kuhlii to describe the marmosets from south-east Bahia was Hershkovitz (1975), but his argument that it was not a valid taxonomic entity disqualifies the possibility of him being attributed authorship. This is therefore given to Coimbra-Filho (1985). A full description of the species is given in Coimbra-Filho et al. (2006).

In the past, the eastern Brazilian marmosets (penicillata É. Geoffroy, 1812, geoffroyi É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, aurita É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, and flaviceps Thomas, 1903) of the “jacchus group” were considered to be subspecies of Callithrix jacchus, following Hershkovitz (1977). All are now considered to be full species (see Coimbra-Filho 1984, Mittermeier et al. 1988, Marroig et al. 2004, Coimbra-Filho et al. 2006)." 4075,Cebus cuscinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,cuscinus,,,,,"Thomas, 1901","Hershkovitz (1949) listed thirteen subspecies of Cebus albifrons (Humboldt, 1812), including C. a. cuscinus Gray 1901, from the upper Río Madre de Dios, Peru.  Groves (2001) considered C. a. yuracus as a junior synonym of C. a. cuscinus.

Molecular genetic analyses by Boubli et al. (2012) indicated that Cebus albifrons sensu lato is polyphyletic within Cebus and that several subspecies should be considered provisionally as distinct species. However, this publication did not sample C. cuscinus, so its genetic relationship to other gracile capuchins is still largely unknown. Ruiz-García et al. (2010) sampled the mitochondrial COII gene for C. a. cuscinus as well as for other subspecies of C. albifrons sensu lato, but their results were difficult to interpret, with one cuscinus specimen forming a clade with C. a. albifrons and C. a. versicolor, and another with C. a. albifrons and C. olivaceus. More work is needed to determine if C. cuscinus is a species, or whether it should be lumped with C. yuracus (as suggested by Groves 2001, based on morphological characteristics), or with C. albifrons or C. unicolor (based on genetic similarity, Ruiz-García et al. 2010)." 4076,Cebus yuracus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,yuracus,,,,,"Hershkowitz, 1949","Formerly a subspecies of Cebus albifrons, the species was recognized by Boubli et al. (2012) based on a time-calibrated phylogeny using mitochondrial DNA sequences from 50 Cebus samples from across their range." 4081,Cebus aequatorialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,aequatorialis,,,,,"J. A. Allen, 1914","To date there have been only preliminary and non-conclusive molecular genetic assessments of Cebus aequatorialis (Boubli et al. 2012; Ruiz-García et al. 2010, 2018), and so its provisional status as a species is based on its geographic isolation from other Cebus albifrons populations and its unique morphological characteristics such as pelage colouration. Jack and Campos (2012) suggest elevating C. aequatorialis to species level following the phylogenetic species concept. Albuja et al. (2018) provide a preliminary cranio-dental and morphological analysis showing differences between Cebus aequatorialis and another Ecuadorian capuchin species, Cebus yuracus; however, their sample size is too small to be conclusive in terms of species distinction." 4685,Chiropotes albinasus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Chiropotes,albinasus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848)","Hill (1960) listed three species of bearded saki: Chiropotes chiropotes, C. satanas and C. albinasa [sic]. Hershkovitz (1985) described a new species, utahickae, and classified satanas and utahickae as subspecies of C. chiropotes. Groves (2001, 2005) followed the taxonomy of Hershkovitz (1985). The three subspecies of Chiropotes satanas (satanas, chiropotes and utahicki) are here listed as full species following the recommendation of Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002), Figueiredo et al. (2006), and Silva-Júnior et al.(2013). Bonvicino et al. (2003) resurrected the name Chiropotes israelita (Spix, 1823) for the bearded saki discovered by Boubli (2002) to the west of the Rio Branco, a tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Genetic and pelage differences, notably a greenish brown (olive) dorsum as opposed to light golden brown as is typical of C. chiropotes, distinguish it from the bearded sakis of the Guianas to the east of the Rio Branco. There is however, a possible confusion concerning the correct names. Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002) argued that the form west of the Rio Branco is, correctly Chiropotes chiropotes (Humboldt, 1811), according to its type locality, and the form to the east of the Rio Branco, extending through the states of Pará and Amapá, and into the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana) is C. sagulatus (Traill, 1821) from Demerara (see Silva-Júnior et al. (2013). Doubts still remain, however, concerning Hershkovitz’s interpretation of Humboldt’s type locality of C. chiropotes, which would accordingly alter the nomenclature (J. P. Boubli, pers. comm). With the further research and phylogenetic analysis, both Traill’s sagulatus and Spix’s israelita may be valid species names for different populations of this wide ranging genus." 39929,Callicebus barbarabrownae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Callicebus,barbarabrownae,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1990","Described by Hershkovitz (1988, 1990) as a subspecies of Callicebus personatus. Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) argued that the titis of the Atlantic forest should be considered species rather than subspecies of C. personatus. They listed C. nigrifrons, C. personatus, C. melanochir and C. coimbrai besides C. barbarabrownae. According to Printes (2007), the name Callicebus barbarabrownae (Hershkovitz, 1990), may prove to be a junior synonym of Callicebus gigot (Spix, 1823), according to the principle of priority." 39951,Cebus albifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,albifrons,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","Silva Jr. (2001, 2002) argued that the tufted capuchins and the untufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) are so distinct in their morphology that they should be considered separate genera. Cebus Erxleben, 1777 is referable to the untufted group, and Sapajus Kerr, 1792 is the name available for the tufted capuchins. 

Hershkovitz (1949) listed thirteen subspecies of Cebus albifrons (Humboldt, 1812) as follows: C. albifrons albifrons Humboldt, 1812, from the banks of the Orinoco, near the mouth of the Río Ventuari; C. a. hypoleucus Humboldt, 1812, from the Río Sinu, Bolívar, Colombia; C. a. malitiosus Elliot, 1904, from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia;C. a. cesarae Hershkovitz, 1949, from the Río Cesar, Magdalena valley, Colombia; C. a. pleei Hershkovitz, 1949, from Mompós, west bank of the Río Magdalena, at the base of the northern extremity of the Cordillera Central, Colombia; C. a. versicolor Pucheran, 1917, from the middle Río Magdalena, Colombia; C. a. leucocephalus Gray, 1865, considered by Hershkovitz to be from the Rio Lebrija, Santander, Colombia; C. a. adustus Hershkovitz, 1949, from the eastern base of the Sierra de Perijá in Venezuela and Colombia; C. a. unicolor Spix, 1823, from the Rio Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil; C. albifrons yuracus Hershkovitz, 1949, from the Ríos Marañón and Napo, eastern Ecuador and northern Peru; C. a. cuscinus Gray 1901, from the upper Río Madre de Dios, Peru; C. a. aequatorialis Allen, 1921, from north-western Ecuador (and probably also the Tumbes region in northern Peru [Encarnación and Cook 1998]); and C. a. trinitatis Von Pusch 1941, from Trinidad.

Groves (2001, 2005), influenced by Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976), reduced the number of subspecies to six: C. albifrons albifrons, C. a. cuscinus (yuracus as a junior synonym), C. a. unicolor, C. a. trinitatis, C. a. aequatorialis, and C. a. versicolor (leucocephalus, malitiosus, adustus, cesarae and pleei as synonyms). Silva Jr. (2001) did not recognize any subspecific variation in Cebus albifrons.
Groves (2001, 2005) listed Cebus albifrons unicolor Spix, 1823. Defler and Hernández-Camacho (2002) established a neotype for C. a. albifrons, and argued that C. a. unicolor was a junior synonym (see also Defler 2004). 
Defler (2004) listed and described five subspecies for mainland Colombia: 1) Cebus albifrons albifrons (Humboldt, 1812) (C. a. unicolor a synonym), 2) Cebus albifrons yuracus Hershkovitz, 1949 (considered a synonym of C. a. cuscinus Thomas, 1901, by Groves [2001]); 3) Cebus albifrons malitiosus Elliot, 1909 (considered a synonym of C. a. versicolor Pucheran, 1845, by Groves [2001]), Cebus albifrons cesarae Hershkovitz, 1949 (considered a synonym of C. a. versicolor Pucheran, 1845, by Groves [2001]), Cebus albifrons versicolor Pucheran, 1845 (with C. a. leucocephalus Gray 1865 and C. a. pleei Hershkovitz, 1949, as synonyms). 

Recent molecular studies have evidenced that the former C. a. albifrons populations are not sister taxa to other gracile capuchin populations in northern South America (C. capucinus, C. versicolor, C. malitiosus, C. leucocephalus or C. brunneus) (Boubli et al. 2012; Lynch Alfaro et al. 2012). Thus, independent of their morphological similarities to these geographically disjunct populations, C. albifrons currently refers to gracile capuchins living in the upper Amazon basin in Southeastern Colombia, southern Venezuela and northwestern Brazil (Mittermeier et al. 2014).  There is some uncertainty whether the range of C. albifrons should be restricted to between the Rio Negro and Rio Branco (Boubli et al. 2012) or should extend south as well from the Rio Negro to the Rio Solimões in western Brazil (Rylands et al. 2014)." 39956,Chiropotes satanas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Chiropotes,satanas,,,,,"(Hoffmannsegg, 1807)","Hill (1960) listed three species of bearded saki: Chiropotes chiropotes, C. satanas and C. albinasa [sic]. Hershkovitz (1985) described a new species, utahickae, and classified satanas and utahickae as subspecies of C. chiropotes. Groves (2001, 2005) followed the taxonomy of Hershkovitz (1985). The three subspecies of Chiropotes satanas (satanas, chiropotes and utahicki) are here listed as full species following the recommendation of Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002), Figueiredo et al. (2006), and Silva-Júnior et al.(2013). Bonvicino et al. (2003) resurrected the name Chiropotes israelita (Spix, 1823) for the bearded saki discovered by Boubli (2002) to the west of the Rio Branco, a tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Genetic and pelage differences, notably a greenish brown (olive) dorsum as opposed to light golden brown as is typical of C. chiropotes, distinguish it from the bearded sakis of the Guianas to the east of the Rio Branco. There is however, a possible confusion concerning the correct names. Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002) argued that the form west of the Rio Branco is, correctly Chiropotes chiropotes (Humboldt, 1811), according to its type locality, and the form to the east of the Rio Branco, extending through the states of Pará and Amapá, and into the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana) is C. sagulatus (Traill, 1821) from Demerara (see Silva-Júnior et al. (2013). Doubts still remain, however, concerning Hershkovitz’s interpretation of Humboldt’s type locality of C. chiropotes, which would accordingly alter the nomenclature (J. P. Boubli, pers. comm). With the further research and phylogenetic analysis, both Traill’s sagulatus and Spix’s israelita may be valid species names for different populations of this wide ranging genus. Barnett et al. (2012) proposed the black cuxiú for the common name." 40019,Cebus kaapori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,kaapori,,,,,"Queiroz, 1992","Cebus kaapori was originally described by Queiroz in 1992, as who pointed out its resemblance with Cebus olivaceus. It had been previously recorded from Pará and Maranhão (Goeldi and Hagmann 1906 apud Silva Jr. 2001, Vieira 1957) as Cebus nigrivittatus and overlooked in subsequent assessments of the range of the species. Harada and Ferrari (1996), based on genetic data, argued that Cebus kaapori should be considered as a subspecies of C. olivaceus. However, Cebus kaapori was considered a valid species by Groves (2001, 2005) and Silva Jr. (2001) in regard of morphological evidence. Later on, new molecular evidence (Alfaro et al. 2012a,b) supported the current understanding that it is a valid species, and this is the current prevailing systematic arrangement (Paglia et al. 2012)." 41518,Callithrix jacchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callithrix,jacchus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The marmosets of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (penicillata É. Geoffroy, 1812, geoffroyi É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, aurita É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812 and flaviceps Thomas, 1903) belonged to the jacchus group and were all considered subspecies of Callithrix jacchus (Hershkovitz 1977). Currently all are recognized as full species (Coimbra-Filho 1984; Mittermeier et al. 1988; Marroig et al. 2004, Coimbra-Filho et al. 2006). However, some authors still consider Callithrix genus as belonging to the family Cebidae, subfamily Callitrichinae (Groves 2005)." 41519,Callithrix penicillata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callithrix,penicillata,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1812)","In the past, the eastern Brazilian marmosets (penicillata É. Geoffroy, 1812, geoffroyi É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, aurita É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812, and flaviceps Thomas, 1903) of the “jacchus group” were considered to be subspecies of Callithrix jacchus, following Hershkovitz (1977). All are now considered to be full species (Coimbra-Filho 1984; Mittermeier et al. 1988; Marroig et al. 2004; Coimbra-Filho et al. 2006; Rylands et al. 1993, 2008). Here the taxonomy proposed by Rylands (2012) is being followed. The taxonomic history and a discussion of the type locality can be found in Vivo (1991) and Coimbra-Filho et al. (2006)." 41584,Callibella humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Callibella,humilis,,,,,"(M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, R.A. Mittermeier & de Fonseca, 1998)","Previously included in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Callibella) humilis. This marmoset is very distinct, intermediate in size between the Pygmy Marmoset and other Amazonian marmosets. Morphological and genetic studies argued for its placement in a separate genus (Aguiar and Lacher Jr. 2003, van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen 2003). Schneider et al. (2012) transferred it to the genus Mico. Silva et al. (2018) support placing the dwarf marmoset into its own genus, Callibella. We are following their arrangement here." 43941,Cebus castaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,castaneus,,,,,"I. Geoffroy, 1851","Hershkovitz (1949) listed five subspecies of the wedge-capped capuchin, C. nigrivittatus Wagner 1848. Neither Silva-Júnior (2001) nor Groves (2001, 2005) considered them to be valid. Their ranges are not well known. Hershkovitz (1949) plotted only their type localities. Bodini and Pérez-Hernández (1987) indicated that C. n. nigrivittatus was the form in the Territorio Federal Amazonas of Venezuela, C. n. apiculatus in the llanos south of the middle and lower Orinoco, east as far as the Río Caroni, and C. n. olivaceus, in the llanos west of the Río Caroni. Genetic material obtained from wedge-capped capuchins with the putative ranges these subspecies in Venezuela by Lynch Alfaro et al. (2010) and Boubli et al. (2010, 2012) indicated that they were all of one taxon, and the oldest name ascribed was olivaceus Schomburgk, 1848. No material for genetic analysis was obtained from the llanos north of the Orinoco, which Bodini and Pérez-Hernández (1987) considered to be a form that, as of then, was undescribed. For the present it is ascribed to C. olivaceus. Of Hershkovitz’s five subspecies only Cebus brunneus Allen, 1914 (Cordillera de la Costa, extreme northern Venezuela), Cebus olivaceus Schomburgk, 1848 (south of the Orinoco in Venezuela), and a specimen from southern Guyana ascribed to Cebus castaneus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851, on the basis of proximity to its type locality, are considered valid and ‘good’ species." 136865,Cebuella niveiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Cebuella,niveiventris,,,,,"Lönnberg, 1940","In 1940, Lönnberg described the subspecies Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris from Lago Ipixuna, south bank of the Rio Solimões, based on its sharply contrasting whitish chest, belly, and inner surface of arms and legs. The ventral surface of C. p. pygmaea is ochraceous. Cruz Lima (1945) and Napier (1976) also recognized and described the two subspecies. Hershkovitz (1977) argued that the colour of the underparts is individually and locally variable and not justifying the subspecific status of niveiventris. However, van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen (1997) recently presented evidence for the validity of the two subspecies based on field observations and captive specimens of C. p. niveiventris, and confirmed its presence in the interfluvium of the Rios Purus and Madeira.

A phylogenetic study by Boubli et al. (2018), which included the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and a reduced representation genome sequencing approach (ddRADseq) for geographically representative samples from the Brazil, showed that the forms pygmaea Spix (from the north of the Solimões-Amazonas) and niveiventris Lönnberg (from the south of the Solimões-Amazonas) were distinct species." 70330167,Chiropotes sagulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Chiropotes,sagulatus,,,,,"(Traill, 1821)","Hill (1960) listed three species of bearded saki: Chiropotes chiropotes, C. satanas and C. albinasa [sic]. Hershkovitz (1985) described a new species, utahickae, and classified satanas and utahickae as subspecies of C. chiropotes. Groves (2001, 2005) followed the taxonomy of Hershkovitz (1985). The three subspecies of Chiropotes satanas (satanas, chiropotes and utahicki) are here listed as full species following the recommendation of Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002), Figueiredo et al. (2006), and Silva-Júnior et al.(2013). Bonvicino et al. (2003) resurrected the name Chiropotes israelita (Spix, 1823) for the bearded saki discovered by Boubli (2002) to the west of the Rio Branco, a tributary of the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Genetic and pelage differences, notably a greenish brown (olive) dorsum as opposed to light golden brown as is typical of C. chiropotes, distinguish it from the bearded sakis of the Guianas to the east of the Rio Branco. There is however, a possible confusion concerning the correct names. Silva-Júnior and Figueiredo (2002) argued that the form west of the Rio Branco is, correctly Chiropotes chiropotes (Humboldt, 1811), according to its type locality, and the form to the east of the Rio Branco, extending through the states of Pará and Amapá, and into the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana) is C. sagulatus (Traill, 1821) from Demerara (see Silva-Júnior et al. (2013). Doubts still remain, however, concerning Hershkovitz’s interpretation of Humboldt’s type locality of C. chiropotes, which would accordingly alter the nomenclature (J. P. Boubli, pers. comm). With the further research and phylogenetic analysis, both Traill’s sagulatus and Spix’s israelita may be valid species names for different populations of this wide ranging genus." 70333164,Cebus leucocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,leucocephalus,,,,,"Gray, 1865","Cebus leucocephalus Gray, 1865, Colombia, restricted by P. Hershkovitz in 1949 to El Tambor, Rio Labrija, 25 km north-west of Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia. Recent molecular study based on mitochondrial markers however, showed that Cebus leucocephalus and C. adustus are not distinct enough to comprise different taxa. Further studies including more samples as well as more genetic markers would be necessary to confirm that these two taxa are synonyms. If confirmed that adustus is the same taxon as leucocephalus, leucocephalus would be the senior synonym. Thus, C. leucocephlus taxonomic status and distribution remains uncertain." 70333194,Cebus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,unicolor,,,,,"Spix, 1823 ","Cebus unicolor was first described by Spix, 1823, for a specimen collected in the Rio Tefé, near its confluence with the Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Defler and Hernandez-Camacho (2002) argued that unicolor is a synonym of C. albifrons, a widespread species in the Amazon. A recent study based on new molecular evidence shows that white-fronted capuchins south of Rio Negro, i.e. C. unicolor (Spix 1823) are distinct from C. albifrons found north of Rio Negro (Boubli et al. 2012). Morphological and genetic diversity of white fronted capuchins in the south-central Amazon Basin is yet to be investigated. Monotypic." 81257277,Cebus capucinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,capucinus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Silva Jr (2001, 2002) argued that the tufted capuchins and the untufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) are so distinct in their morphology that they should be considered separate genera. Cebus Erxleben, 1777 is referable to the untufted group, and Sapajus Kerr, 1792 is the name available for the tufted capuchins. 

Defler (2004) noted that three subspecies had been recorded for Colombia: C. c. capucinus (Linnaeus, 1758), C. c. nigripectus Elliot, 1909; and C. c. curtus Bangs, 1905, of the Pacific Island of Gorgona. They are not recognized as valid by Hershkovitz (1949), Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976), nor by Groves (2001, 2005).

The assessment of C. capucinus previously included four subspecies but capucinus is now treated as being limited to Colombia with just two subspecies – C. c. capucinus and the Gorgona Island C. c. curtus. Subspecies imitator is now considered a good species (from Panama) and subspecies limitaneus is now a junior synonym of C. imitator. These changes are based on Molecular genetic studies by Ruiz-García et al. (2012) and Boubli et al. (2012) which validated C. imitator as the Central American form, restricting C. c. capucinus to Colombia, and eliminating limitaneus as a junior synonym of imitator." 81265980,Cebus imitator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,imitator,,,,,"Thomas, 1903","Until recently, Central American capuchins were considered to be subspecies of Cebus capucinus; however, recent genetic analyses (Boubli et al. 2012) suggest a phylogenetic division between C. capuchinus from South America and Eastern Panama and the Central American populations with no evidence of division within the latter group." 81384371,Cebus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,olivaceus,,,,,"Schomburgk, 1848","Cebus olivaceus Schomburgk, 1848, Venezuela, southern foot of Mount Roraima, Bolivar State, elevations 945 m. P. Hershkovitz (1949) listed five forms that he “provisionally recognized” as subspecies of a monotypic weeper capuchin, C. nigrivittatus, named by Wagner in 1848. Although the name nigrivittatus was used for the Guianan Weeper Capuchin through the 1970s, J. G. Robinson pointed out that in 1941 B. von Pusch combined Saimiri and Cebus, resulting in nigrivittatus being a secondary homonym due to the prior description of the squirrel monkey Chrysothrix nigrivittatta by Wagner in 1848 (a junior synonym of Saimiri sciureus). Notwithstanding, the name for the Guianan Weeper Capuchin thus became C. olivaceus. C. P. Groves in 2001 did not consider any of the subspecies valid and concluded that C. olivaceus was monotypic. A phylogenetic analysis of C. olivaceus by J. Boubli and co-workers in 2012 largely confirmed the conclusion of Groves, except for one specimen from Guyana that could be distinguished as a distinct taxon; it diverged from the C. olivaceus app. 700,000 years ago. This was ascribed to C. castaneus as listed by Hershkovitz in 1949. Its type locality is Cayenne, French Guiana, and it was considered to be the weeper capuchin of Guyana by G. Tate in 1939." 22702500,Asthenes heterura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,heterura,,,,,"(Berlepsch, 1901)", 22702597,Synallaxis hypochondriaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,hypochondriaca,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)",Synallaxis hypochondriaca (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Siptornopsis hypochondriaca. 22702375,Synallaxis zimmeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,zimmeri,,,,,"Koepcke, 1957", 22736309,Synallaxis beverlyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,beverlyae,,,,,"Hilty & Ascanio, 2009", 22700081,Agriornis albicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Agriornis,albicauda,,,,,"Sclater, 1860", 22711366,Cistothorus apolinari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Cistothorus,apolinari,,,,,"Chapman, 1914", 22703463,Melanopareia maranonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELANOPAREIIDAE,Melanopareia,maranonica,,,,,"Chapman, 1924", 49830237,Phenacogaster megalostictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CHARACIDAE,Phenacogaster,megalostictus,,,,,"Eigenmann, 1909","Records identified as this species are reported from many different river basins in South America. However, Lucena and Malabarba (2010) treat it as endemic to the Essequibo River Basin in Guyana and Venezuela, and it is present in smaller coastal drainages in Guyana as well. Identification of Phenacogaster specimens remains difficult because of sexual dimorphism and incomplete expression of the humeral spot; the shape, presence size and intensity of which has been used as diagnostic characters in some species descriptions." 103670944,Cinclodes maculirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,maculirostris,,,,,"Dabbene, 1917","

Cinclodes antarcticus and C. maculirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. antarcticus following SACC (2005 & updates), Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22702117,Cinclodes palliatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cinclodes,palliatus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22685919,Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Bolborhynchus,ferrugineifrons,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1880)", 22687417,Amazilia lilliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Amazilia,lilliae,,,,,"(Stone, 1917)","A. lilliae (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously recognised as Lepidopyga lilliae (del Hoyo et al. 2014), however Ornelas et al. (2014) found one Lepidopyga species, L. coeruleogularis, to be an Amazilia. On the basis of this finding all three Lepidopyga were moved to Amazilia." 22707722,Malaconotus lagdeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Malaconotus,lagdeni,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1884)", 22708420,Geokichla crossleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Geokichla,crossleyi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1871)",

Geokichla crossleyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Zoothera crossleyi.

22710647,Hylopsar cupreocauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Hylopsar,cupreocauda,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1857)",

Hylopsar cupreocauda (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lamprotornis cupreocauda.

 

22720386,Spinus siemiradzkii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Spinus,siemiradzkii,,,,,"(Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1883)","

Spinus siemiradzkii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Carduelis following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

" 84464403,Scotonycteris zenkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Scotonycteris,zenkeri,,,,,"Matschie, 1894",Scotonycteris zenkeri was considered to be widely distributed from Liberia in the west to the Democratic Republic of Congo in central Africa until the taxonomy of the tribe Scotonycterini was resolved (Hassanin et al. 2015) and S. zenkeri is now considered restricted to southwestern Cameroon and southeastern Nigeria. 103871272,Phyllanthus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Phyllanthus,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1865)","

Phyllanthus atripennis, P. rubiginosus and P. bohndorffi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. atripennis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22721982,Myiothlypis basilica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myiothlypis,basilica,,,,,"(Todd, 1913)","

Myiothlypis basilica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Basileuterus and listed as B. basilicus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 103871177,Phyllanthus atripennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Phyllanthus,atripennis,,,,,"(Swainson, 1837)","

Phyllanthus atripennis, P. rubiginosus and P. bohndorffi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. atripennis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 191498857,Laccophilus morondavensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,morondavensis,,,,,"Guignot, 1957", 22721297,Torreornis inexpectata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Torreornis,inexpectata,,,,,"Barbour & Peters, 1927", 39924,Lagothrix flavicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Lagothrix,flavicauda,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","The most detailed taxonomic treatment for this species remains that of Fooden (1963) who placed it in the genus Lagothrix. However, as a result of his comparative studies of cranial morphology in the atelines, Groves (2001, 2005) and Paredes (2003) concluded that the Peruvian Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey should properly be considered a monotypic genus, Oreonax Thomas, 1927, quite separate from the woolly monkeys. More recent genetic studies by Di Fiore et al. (2014) and Ruiz Garcia et al. (2014) provide support for its position within the genus Lagothrix." 160881218,Lagothrix lagothricha,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Lagothrix,lagothricha,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1812)","The taxonomy of Lagothrix is based on Fooden (1963), although Groves (2001, 2005) classified cana (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812), lugens Elliot, 1907, and poeppigii Schinz, 1844 as full species rather than subspecies of L. lagothricha (Humboldt, 1812). Botero and Stephenson (2014), Defler (2014) and Ruiz-García et al. (2014) argued that there is only recent (Pleistocene) divergence, overlap and interbreeding between neighbouring taxa, and considerable phenotypic plasticity amongst them, arguing in favour of the classification of Fooden (1963) that has just one species with four subspecies. Groves (2001. 2005) also recognized the form tschudii Pucheran, 1857. Cruz Lima (1945) and gave the type locality as Peru. Fooden (1963) considered it a junior synonym of L. lagotricha cana. The name based on a Peruvian specimen was referred to as L. humboldtii by I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1851; report of a specimen “indiqué comme originaire de Bolivie”. Groves (2001, 2005) recognized Lagothrix cana tschudii as a valid subspecies, but the type locality is not known (Bolivia or Peru). He indicated that two forms with more precise type localities were junior synonyms: 1) Alouatta nigra J. A. Allen, 1900 – Peru, Puno, “Juliaca” [= Inca mines], 5,000 ft, Allen, 1901, field notes; 2) Lagothrix thomasi Elliot, 1909, Peru: Cuzco, Rio Comberciato, Callanga, 1,500 m. BM 98.11.6.2. Both are localities in the southeast of Peru." 22716673,Kupeornis chapini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Kupeornis,chapini,,,,,"Schouteden, 1949", 160885500,Leontocebus fuscicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,fuscicollis,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","

The taxonomy of Leontocebus fuscicollis is based on Hershkovitz (1977; see also Cheverud and Moore 1990). Considering their biogeography, morphology, behaviour, ecology, and phylogeny, Rylands et al. (2016) placed Hershkovitz’s (1977) white-mouthed, or nigricollis, group of tamarins (the saddleback and black-mantled tamarins), formerly in the genus Saguinus, into a separate genus: Leontocebus Wagner, 1839.

The nigricollis group of Hershkovitz (1977) included two species, Saguinus nigricollis and Saguinus fuscicollis. A genetic analysis (mitochondrial cytochrome b and hypervariable region 1 of the D-loop) by Matauschek (2010; Matauschek et al., 2011) showed that this group was paraphyletic, and as such required a re-assessment of the taxonomic status of the component species and subspecies (sensu Hershkovitz, 1977). Matauschek et al. (2011) identified four clades with the following compositions: 1) S. f. illigeri, S. f. leucogenys (north of the Río Pachitea); 2) S. f. fuscicollis, S. f. leucogenys (south of the Río Pachitea), S. f. weddelli, S. f. melanoleucus, S. f. nigrifrons; 3) S. n. nigricollis, S. n. graellsi; and 4) S. tripartitus, S. f. lagonotus.

 

For S. fuscicollis sensu Hershkovitz (1977), Matauschek et al. (2011) concluded that the subspecies lagonotus, tripartitus, nigrifrons, weddelli and fuscicollis are morphologically distinct and well-defined taxa and recommended they be given species’ status. The same is true for nigricollis, but with graellsi as a subspecies. They recommended that melanoleucus, although genetically very close to weddelli, should continue to be considered valid because of its distinct coat color, but as a subspecies of weddelli along with the form crandalli. The northern populations of leucogenys and illigeri could be considered distinct species, but each with modified geographic distributions. Either the northern or the southern populations of leucogenys (sensu Hershkovitz, 1977) would require a new definition and name. The central Amazonian forms avilapiresi, cruzlimai, primitivus, and mura were not included in the analysis of Matauschek et al. but are attributed to the fuscicollis, weddelli, melanoleucus, nigrifons clade, all except for cruzlimai, as subspecies of fuscicollis. Saguinus n. hernandezi and S. fuscus were not included in the analysis of Matauschek et al. but are here attributed to the S. nigricollis clade, the former as a subspecies but the latter as a species (following Cropp et al., 1999). Sampaio et al. (2015) discovered the provenance of cruzlimai and considered it to be a species.

 

Peres et al. (1996) concluded that Saguinus fuscicollis acrensis Carvalho, 1957 listed by Hershkovitz (1977) from the upper Rio Juruá is not a valid taxon but a hybrid S. f. fuscicollis × S. f. melanoleucus.

 

The forms melanoleucus and crandalli of Hershkovitz (1977) were listed as subspecies of S. melanoleucus by Coimbra-Filho (1990) and Groves (2001, 2005). Both are now considered subspecies of weddelli. The form crandalli is of unknown provenance (Hershkovitz, 1977), but may also be a hybrid.

" 160939221,Leontocebus weddelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontocebus,weddelli,,,,,"(Deville, 1849)","

The Saguinus nigricollis group of Hershkovitz (1977; see also Cheverud and Moore, 1990) included two species, Saguinus nigricollis and Saguinus fuscicollis. A genetic analysis (mitochondrial cytochrome b and hypervariable region 1 of the D-loop) by Matauschek et al. (2011) showed that this group was paraphyletic, and as such required a re-assessment of the taxonomic status of the component species and subspecies (sensu Hershkovitz, 1977, 1982). Matauschek et al. (2011) identified four clades with the following compositions: 1) S. f. illigeri, S. f. leucogenys (north of the Río Pachitea); 2) S. f. fuscicollis, S. f. leucogenys (south of the Río Pachitea), S. f. weddelli, S. melanoleucus, S. f. nigrifrons; 3) S. n. nigricollis, S. n. graellsi; and 4) S. tripartitus, S. f. lagonotus.

In S. fuscicollis sensu Hershkovitz (1977), Matauschek et al. (2011) concluded that lagonotus, tripartitus, nigrifrons, weddelli and fuscicollis are morphologically distinct and well-defined taxa and recommended they be given species’ status. The same is true for nigricollis, but with graellsi as a subspecies. They recommended that melanoleucus, although genetically very close to weddelli, be considered a subspecies of S. weddelli because of its distinct coat colour. The central Amazonian forms avilapiresi, cruzlimai, primitivus, and mura were not included in the analysis of Matauschek et al. but may be attributed to the fuscicollis, weddelli, melanoleucus, nigrifons clade pending genetic analyses.

The Saguinus nigricollis or “white-mouthed tamarin” group of Hershkovitz (1977) was given its own genus, Leontocebus Wagner, 1839, by Rylands et al. (2016).

" 11506,Leontopithecus rosalia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontopithecus,rosalia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","The lion tamarins, Leontopithecus, are listed as separate species following Della Serra (1951), Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho (1984), Mittermeier et al. (1988), Natori (1989), and Rylands et al. (1993). They have been listed as subspecies of L. rosalia by Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier (1972, 1973), Hershkovitz (1977), Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho (1981), Forman et al. (1986) and Seuánez et al. (1988), the latter two publications on the basis of identical chromosome morphologies." 40643,Leontopithecus chrysomelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontopithecus,chrysomelas,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","The lion tamarins, Leontopithecus, are listed as separate species following Della Serra (1951), Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho (1984), Mittermeier et al. (1988), Natori (1989), and Rylands et al. (1993). They have been listed as subspecies of L. rosalia by Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier (1972, 1973), Hershkovitz (1977), Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho (1981), Forman et al. (1986) and Seuánez et al. (1988), the latter two publications on the basis of identical chromosome morphologies." 22716664,Kupeornis rufocinctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Kupeornis,rufocinctus,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1908)", 22712750,Arizelocichla montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,montana,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)",

Arizelocichla montana (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Andropadus montanus.

 

39910,Mico chrysoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,chrysoleucos,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)","Formerly in the genus Callithrix (Rylands et al. 1993, 2000 & 2008). Groves (2001 & 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) chrysoleucus. 
M. chrysoleucus is almost completely white, with an unpigmented face and long white ear-tufts. The body is pale gold to whitish, and the tail, fore and hind limbs are golden to orange (Hershkovitz 1977)." 41520,Mico argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,argentatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Previously in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) argentata.

Hershkovitz (1977) believed that Mico emiliae (Thomas, 1920) - type locality, Maloca, upper Rio Curuá, (illustrated by Cruz Lima, 1945) - was a dark form of M. argentatus. Rylands et al. (1993, 2000, 2008) listed M. emiliae as a distinct species." 41521,Mico humeralifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,humeralifer,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812)","A. Humboldt is often credited in various ways with the name of this species, but É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1812) is the rightful authority (Rylands and Mittermeier 2013). Formerly in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) humeralifera." 41580,Mico acariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,acariensis,,,,,"(M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, R.A. Mittermeier & Rylands, 2000)","Previously in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) acariensis." 41583,Mico mauesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,mauesi,,,,,"(R.A. Mittermeier, Schwarz & Ayres, 1992)","Formerly in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) marcai. To date the only work that covers all species of the genus Mico is Garbino (2013), where the phylogeny is based on morphological characters of 21 species recognized for the Callitrichini tribe. In the cladogram presented in this paper, Mico mauesi is more related to Mico humeralifer, as was suspected by Mittermeier et al. (1992) and seen in Schneider et al. (2012). Hershkovitz (1977) separates the taxa of ""Amazonian marmosets"" into two groups, the ""tufted marmosets"" and the ""untufted marmosets "". In Garbino (2013) this division made by Hershkovitz (1977) is held to be more parsimonious, but makes it clear that it does not correspond to a monophyletic group." 42691,Mico emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,emiliae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1920)","Formerly in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) emiliae. 
The reason for the resurrection of this form, considered a junior synonym (a dark form) of Callithrix argentata argentata by Hershkovitz (1977) is effectively by default. Hapale emiliae was first described by Thomas (1920) from the Rio Irirí, southern Pará. It was not recognized by Hershkovitz (1977) who regarded it as a dark form of Callithrix argentata. Vivo (1985, 1991) revalidated this form on the basis of specimens from the state of Rondônia. However, Rylands et al. (1993) indicated that the Rondônia marmosets described by Vivo should be considered a distinct form based on the fact that the species’ distribution and that of the Hapale emiliae Thomas, 1904 from Maloca on the Rio Curuá (see Vivo 1985; Ávila Pires 1986) are disjunct, and separated by M. melanurus. That the Rondônia “emiliae” is distinct from emiliae Thomas, 1904 was confirmed by Sena (1998) and Ferrari et al. (1999), who found M. emiliae to be more similar to M. argentatus than the “emiliae” from Rondônia. These authors argue that the Rio Tapajós separates two distinct, very recent, radiations of Mico. Alperin (1995) argued that Mico nigriceps (Ferrari and Lopes 1992) and “emiliae” from Rondônia belong to the same species. Nevertheless, Ferrari et al. (2010) confirmed the “emiliae” from Rondônia as a new species, namely Mico rondoni. Groves (2001) lists M. emiliae as a valid species." 42692,Mico saterei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,saterei,,,,,"(Silva Jr. & Noronha, 1998)","Mico saterei was described by Silva Júnior and Noronha as Callithrix saterei in 1998 belonging to C. argentata species group within bare-eared and smooth-tailed subgroup. The diagnosis characters included the morphology of external genitalia of both sexes, the unpigmented facial skin and pigmented auricular skin, bright orange coloration in the facial skin and genitalia (in natura), and a mantle strongly contrasting with the dorsum and anterior limbs (Silva Júnior and Noronha 1998).
According to Hershkovitz (1977) classification, the Callithrix genus was subdivided into two species groups, C. jacchus group (Atlantic marmoset), and C. argentata group (Amazonian marmoset). In 2000, Rylands and collaborators, based on phylogenetic studies, suggested the Callithrix genus division, proposing the term Callithrix for species living from Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation) and a revalidation of Mico Lesson, 1840 genus to the Amazonian taxa, reinforcing that it is not a paraphyletic genus (Rylands et al. 2000). Groves (2001, 2005) dealt Mico like subgenus. Finally, the study from Rylands et al. (2000) has largely been accepted and used, inclusive in the taxonomy proposed by Rylands (2012), which is succeeding to this work.
The current taxonomy of the Mico genus harbors 14 recognized species: M. humilis, M. argentatus, M. leucippe, M. emiliae, M. melanurus, M. intermedius, M. rondoni, M. nigriceps, M. marcai, M. acariensis, M. mauesi, M. chrysoleucos, M. saterei, and M. humeralifer (Garbino 2014; Rylands and Mittermeier 2013; Schneider et al. 2012). There are few studies addressing phylogenetical relationships within this genus. The unique work that embraces all species is from Garbino (2013), which is a morphology-based phylogeny using 21 species of the Callitrichini tribe. According to Garbino´s cladogram, Mico saterei is a sister-group of M. intermedius sustained by three morphological synapomorphies. The division of the Amazonian marmosets’ taxon into two groups (“with auricular tufts” and “without auricular tufts” - Hershkovitz 1977), is supported by Garbino (2013), but is recognized that such groups are not monophyletic. Thus, M. chrysoleucos, M. humeralifer, M. mauesi, M. saterei and M. humilis belongs to the “with auricular tussock” group. Molecular evidences remain unclear regarding to phylogenetical relationships of M. saterei. For instance, Sena et al. (2002), based on DNA-mitochondrial markers, indicated that M. mauesi, M. melanurus and M. humeralifer are closer taxa to M. saterei. On the other hand, Schneider et al. (2012), using mitochondrial and four nuclear-regions, suggested that M. saterei is included in a higher group composed by M. mauesi and M. humeralifer. Both works, however, focused the relationships among genera (Callithrix, Callibella, Cebuella and Mico) with few species from Mico genus represented. Further studies are needed for clarifying such phylogenetic relationships." 136294,Mico melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,melanurus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812)","Formerly in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008a, 2008b). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) melanura." 136804,Mico rondoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,rondoni,,,,,"Ferrari, Sena, Schneider & Silva Jr., 2010","Vivo (1985) was the first to alert the scientific community to this marmoset of the state of Rondônia, Brazil, and provided a detailed description of it. He believed it to be Callithrix emiliae Thomas, 1920, as it is similar in pelage colour, if just a little darker. These Rondônia marmosets should be considered a new species: similar to, but distinct from, both emiliae and melanura, due to their range being widely separated from M. emiliae of southern Pará (Rylands et al. 1993, 2000, 2008, Ferrari et al. 1999). Nagamachi et al. (1996, 1997, 1999) analysed the karyotype, and Sena et al. (2002) carried out a phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences that substantiated the distinctiveness of Vivo’s Rondônia marmoset." 17407,Pithecia milleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,milleri,,,,,"J.A. Allen, 1914",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 41567,Pithecia albicans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,albicans,,,,,"Gray, 1860",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 43942,Pithecia pithecia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,pithecia,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 70609849,Pithecia inusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,inusta,,,,,"Spix, 1823",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 70609874,Pithecia cazuzai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,cazuzai,,,,,"Marsh, 2014",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 70610693,Pithecia mittermeieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,mittermeieri,,,,,"Marsh, 2014",The taxonomy and distribution of Pithecia follows the revision by Marsh (2014). 70610711,Pithecia rylandsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,rylandsi,,,,,"Marsh, 2014",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014) 70610729,Pithecia pissinattii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,pissinattii,,,,,"Marsh, 2014",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 70610758,Pithecia irrorata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,irrorata,,,,,"Gray, 1842",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 22678564,Talegalla cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Talegalla,cuvieri,,,,,"Lesson, 1828", 41548,Plecturocebus donacophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,donacophilus,,,,,"(D'Orbigny, 1836)","This species was previously known as Callicebus donacophilus (D'Orbigny, 1836). Taxonomical assessments of titi monkeys have recognized different number of species groups (Hershkovitz 1963, 1988, 1990, Kobayashi 1995, Kobayashi and Langguth 1999, van Roosmalen et al. 2002, Groves 2005). This titi monkey species was the reference for a group of species recognized in all the taxonomical revisions: the donacophilus group. In the new phylogenetic arrangement proposed by Byrne et al. (2016), where Callicebus is currently divided in three genera: Cheracebus, Callicebus, and Plecturocebus; the donacophilus group remains and falls into Plecturocebus, and contains Plecturocebus donacophilus, along with P. modestus, P. oenanthe, P. olallae, P. pallescens and P. urubambensis." 41549,Plecturocebus pallescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,pallescens,,,,,"Thomas, 1907","This taxon was initially recognized by Hershkovitz (1990) as the southern subspecies of the Bolivian titi monkey (Callicebus donacophilus pallescens), and was later upgraded to full species status by van Roosmalen et al. (2002). Recent molecular analyses of Titi monkey species (Byrne et al. 2016) propose to split the genus Callicebus into three genera: Cheracebus (the torquatus species group, mostly north of the Amazon), Callicebus (the personatus group, in the Atlantic forest) and Plecturocebus (donacophilus and moloch groups, south of the Amazon to the Chaco of Paraguay).  Plecturocebus pallescens shares the donacophilus group with P. donacophilus, P. modestus, P. oenanthe, P. ollalae and P. urubambensis (Byrne et al. 2016)." 41553,Plecturocebus discolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,discolor,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848)","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species.  The use of the name discolor for the white-fronted titi monkey is disputed (Vermeer et al. 2011)." 41555,Plecturocebus stephennashi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,stephennashi,,,,,"M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen & R.A. Mittermeier, 2002","Byrne et al. 2016 have separated the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (Torquatus group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (Cupreus + moloch+ donacophilus  groups sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002 and Callicebus (personatus group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016) , Plecturocebus includes 22 species.  The precise type locality of this species is unknown. The holotype is aid to have come from along the middle to upper Rio Purús together with the paratypes.   Byrne et al. (2015) have made P. Dubius as a junior synonim of P. caligatus.  Thus, it is likely that P. Stephennashi is also simply a morphotype of P. caligatus." 41556,Plecturocebus moloch,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,moloch,,,,,"(Hoffmannsegg, 1807)","

Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002) recognized five species groups – cupreus, donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus. The moloch group consists of P. brunneus, P. bernhardi, P. baptista, P. cinerascens, P. hoffmannsi, P. moloch, P. miltoni, P. vieirai, and P. grovesi.

Considering molecular, morphological and biogeographic evidence, Byrne et al. (2016) proposed a new genus level taxonomy for the titi monkeys Callicebus: Cheracebus n. gen. in the Orinoco, Negro and upper Amazon basins (torquatus group); Callicebus Thomas, 1903, for the Atlantic Forest titis (personatus group); and Plecturocebus n. gen. for those of the Amazon basin and Chaco region (donacophilus and moloch groups).

" 136815,Plecturocebus aureipalatii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,aureipalatii,,,,,"Wallace, Gómez, Felton & Felton, 2006","Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002).  According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species. This recently described species shows phenotypical similarities to members of the cupreus group, but its distribution borders that of members of the moloch and donacophilus groups in eastern Bolivia (Wallace et al. 2006), and P. toppini in the Pando Department of northern Bolivia (Porter et al. 2013; Wallace et al. 2013). Vermeer and Tello-Alvarado (2015) hypothesize that P. aureipalatii might be a junior synonym of P. toppini, but genetic studies are required to approve this assertion." 14699281,Plecturocebus caquetensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,caquetensis,,,,,"Defler, Bueno & García 2010","

Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species.

" 127530593,Plecturocebus cupreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,cupreus,,,,,"Spix, 1823","Hershkovitz (1990) considered three subspecies: Callicebus cupreus cupreus, Callicebus cupreus discolor and Callicebus cupreus ornatus and placed them in the moloch group of titi monkeys. Groves (2001) considered C. cupreus to be monotypic. Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species." 64411,Plectropomus areolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,EPINEPHELIDAE,Plectropomus,areolatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1830)",There is some genetic evidence that suggests there is a cryptic species in the Red Sea (K. Yan Ma pers. comm. 2016). 192480833,Arapaima mapae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES,OSTEOGLOSSIDAE,Arapaima,mapae,,,,,"(Valenciennes, 1847)","According to Stewart (2013), Arapaima mapae is still known only from its holotype (MHNH a-8836, 203 cm SL, dried and stuffed specimen, in Paris) from ‘‘lac Mapa, sur les confins des nouvelles frontières de la Guyane française.’’ It was purchased from an indigenous person in Cayenne, French Guiana, by C. Pradier, a French naval officer. An important inference that may add some uncertainty about the type locality is that it is based on the verbal account of the person selling the specimen, and that person would have carried the specimen about 360 km from lac Mapa to Cayenne (or, did Mr Pradier’s Cayenne-based ship sail south to near lac Mapa and buy the specimen there?). An attached label gives collection date of 1837. Its status as a unique specimen is based on review by D. Stewart of preserved materials in nearly all museums of the world that house wild-caught voucher specimens of Arapaima. Stewart (2013) provides selected distinguishing characteristics within the diagnosis of A. agassizii.

According to Hilton and Lavoué (2018), Osteoglossidae is the most diverse family of Osteoglossomorpha, with four extant genera, classified in two subfamilies (Osteoglossinae, including Osteoglossum from South America and Scleropages from Southeast Asia and Australia, and Arapaiminae (= Heterotidinae) including Heterotis from Africa and Arapaima from South America)." 19819,Saguinus leucopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,leucopus,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","Taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1977). See also Groves (2001, 2005). Defler (2004) pointed out that two subspecies may exist as mentioned by Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976)." 19823,Saguinus oedipus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,oedipus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Hershkovitz (1977) considered Saguinus geoffroyi to be a subspecies of S. oedipus. Comparative morphological studies by Hanihara and Natori (1987), Moore and Cheverud (1992) and Skinner (1991) argued for them being separate species. Eisenberg (1989), Rylands (1993), Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976), Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho (1981), Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1989), Mittermeier et al. (1988), Rylands et al. (1993), Groves (1993, 2001, 2005), Mast et al. (1993) and Defler (1994) all list S. geoffroyi and S. oedipus as separate species." 40644,Saguinus bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,bicolor,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","Hershkovitz (1977) considered Saguinus bicolor to have three subspecies: the nominate, S. b. ochraceus and S. b. martinsi. Groves (2001, 2005) and Rylands et al. (1993, 2000) listed the forms ochraceus and martinsi as subspecies of S. martinsi." 41522,Saguinus geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,geoffroyi,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1845)","Hershkovitz (1977) considered Saguinus geoffroyi to be a subspecies of S. oedipus. Comparative morphological studies by Hanihara and Natori (1987), Moore and Cheverud (1992) and Skinner (1991) argued them being separate species. Eisenberg (1989), Rylands (1993), Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976), Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho (1981), Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1988, 1991), Mittermeier et al. (1988), Rylands et al. (1993), Groves (2001, 2005), Mast et al. (1993) and Defler (1994) list S. geoffroyi and S. oedipus as separate species. Recent molecular analyses have evidenced that S. geoffroyi and S. oedipus are indeed sister taxa with an estimated divergence time of approximately 1.2 Mya (Buckner et al. 2015)." 41523,Saguinus inustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,inustus,,,,,"(Schwarz, 1951)","Leontocebus midas inustus Schwarz, 1951, Tabocal, Amazonas, Brazil. J. Hernández-Camacho and T. Defler (1989) indicated the possibility of two subspecies of S. inustus in Colombia. The taxonomy proposed by Rylands (2012) is followed." 41524,Saguinus labiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,labiatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812)","Taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1977) except for Saguinus labiatus rufiventer (Gray, 1843), which he listed as a junior synonym of S. l. labiatus. He recognized that red-bellied tamarins in the north of their range were distinct but argued that there is probably a clinal variation between populations. However, it was considered a valid subspecies by Groves (2001, 2005), with a provisional distribution (also indicated by Hershkovitz) which extends south from the Rio Solimões between the Rios Madeira and Purus to the Rio Ipixuna, an east bank tributary of the Rio Purus." 41525,Saguinus midas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,midas,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1977), except in the recognition of the two former subspecies (S. m. midas and S. m. niger) as full species (see S. niger). Vallinoto et al. (2006) found that samples from S. midas from the Río Uatumã separated out from those from the Rio Trombetas to the east, about 200km. This indicates a possibility that red-handed and yellow-handed forms of S. midas may be geographical races or distinct species (J. de Sousa e Silva Jr. pers. comm., April 2007)." 41526,Saguinus mystax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,mystax,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","Taxonomy according to Hershkovitz (1977), but Groves (2001, 2005) found that, while S. m. mystax and S. m. pluto are very similar to each other, the form pileatus is quite distinct, and he listed it as a separate species, S. pileatus. The problem with this is geographic. The three forms have a continuous distribution but pileatus completely separates the geographic ranges of mystax and pluto (see Rylands et al. 1993). The taxonomic status – species or subspecies – remains to be determined in future genetic analyses." 42695,Saguinus martinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,martinsi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1912)","Hershkovitz (1977) considered Saguinus bicolor to have three subspecies: S. b. bicolor, S. b. ochraceus and S. b. martinsi, besides the nominate form. Groves (2001, 2005) and Rylands et al. (2000) listed the forms ochraceus and martinsi, as subspecies of S. martinsi." 70610874,Saguinus ursulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,ursulus,,,,,"Hoffmannsegg, 1807","Vallinoto et al. (2006) indicated that the Rio Tocantins could act as a barrier to gene flow for Saguinus niger. This was presaged in a molecular genetic analysis by Tagliaro et al. (2005). The form described as Mystax ursulus umbratus Thomas, 1922, from Cametá, Rio Tocantins, Pará, listed by Groves (2001, 2005) as a junior synonym of S. niger, and by Hershkovitz (1977) as a junior synonym of S. midas niger, was indicated as a distinct geographical race or species (J. de Sousa and Silva Jr. pers. comm., cited in Rylands and Mittermeier 2008). Recently, Gregorin and de Vivo (2013) revalidated Saguinus ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807 as a distinct species. Based on pelage coloration, morphology and molecular data, the authors described the samples from the east bank of the Tocantins River as S. ursulus which are distinct from specimens of S. niger from the west bank. Saguinus niger and S. ursulus are allopatric, and Tocantins River is acting as an effective barrier for gene flow (Gregorin and De Vivo 2013)." 160901052,Saguinus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,niger,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)","Hershkovitz (1977), Eisenberg (1989), Rylands et al. (1993) and Rylands and Mittermeier (2008) listed the Black-handed Tamarin as a subspecies of Saguinus midas. It is now considered as a distinct species (Rylands et al. 1993, 2000; Groves 2001, 2005). Vallinoto et al. (2006) indicated that the Rio Tocantins could act as a barrier to gene flow for Saguinus niger. This was presaged in a molecular genetic analysis by Tagliaro et al. (2005). The form described as Mystax ursulus umbratus Thomas, 1922, from Cametá, Rio Tocantins, Pará, listed by Groves (2001, 2005) as a junior synonym of S. niger, and by Hershkovitz (1977) as a junior synonym of S. midas niger, was indicated as a distinct geographical race or species (J. de Sousa e Silva Jr. pers. comm., cited in Rylands and Mittermeier 2008). Recently, Gregorinand and de Vivo (2013) revalidated Saguinus ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807 as a distinct species from Saguinus niger. Based on pelage coloration, pattern of morphological divergence and molecular data, the authors described the samples from the east bank of the Tocantins River as S. ursulus which are distinct from specimens of S. niger from the west bank. Saguinus niger and S. ursulus are allopatric, and the Tocantins River is acting as an effective barrier for gene flow (Gregorin and De Vivo 2013)." 191498909,Laccophilus mirabilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,mirabilis,,,,,"Guignot, 1956", 19360,Rattus rattus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Rattus,rattus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 41536,Saimiri boliviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Saimiri,boliviensis,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy & de Blainville, 1834)","Saimiri taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1984) and Groves (2001, 2005). An alternative taxonomy is presented by Thorington Jr. (1985) as follows: S. sciureus sciureus (includes the forms albigena, macrodon, and ustus recognized by Hershkovitz [1984]), S. sciureus boliviensis (includes the forms pluvialis Lönnberg, 1940 and jaburuensis Lönnberg, 1940 recognized by Hershkovitz [1987]), S. sciureus cassiquiarensis, S. sciureus oerstedii (includes the form citrinellus recognized by Hershkovitz [1984]), and S. madeirae (given as a junior synonym of S. ustus by Hershkovitz [1984]). Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1989) recognize S. sciureus caquetensis Allen 1916, given as a junior synonym of S. sciureus macrodon by Hershkovitz (1984). Costello et al. (1993) argued for the recognition of just two species: S. sciureus in South America, and S. oerstedii in Panama and Costa Rica. Boinski and Cropp (1999) using two nuclear genes (IRBP and ZFX) and one mitochondrial (D-Loop) strongly support the Hershkovitz (1984) taxonomy, advocating four distinct species: Saimiri sciureus, S. boliviensis, S. oerstedii and S. ustus.

Hershkovitz (1987, footnote page 22) recognized Saimiri boliviensis jaburuensis Lönnberg, 1940 and S. b. pluvialis Lönnberg, 1940 (given as junior synonyms of S. b. boliviensis in Hershkovitz 1984) as valid subspecies. They are listed by Groves (2001, 2005) as synonyms of S. b. boliviensis." 41538,Saimiri ustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Saimiri,ustus,,,,,"I. Geoffroy, 1843","Saimiri ustus I. Geoffroy, 1843 was described based on material collected by Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, deposited initially in the Museu Real d’Ajuda, in Lisbon. During Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal, the specimen was confiscated and taken to the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, in Paris, registered as number 476 (532), and later described by I. Geoffroy (Hershkovitz 1984). In his description, Geoffroy (1843) gave the diagnostic characters as bright golden-orange forearms, hands and feet and nearly completely nude ears. The validity of Saimiri ustus was accepted by Allen (1916), Elliot (1913), Cruz Lima (1945), Hill (1960) and Hershkovitz (1984).

Saimiri madeirae Thomas, 1908 was described based on a specimen collected in Humaitá, on the left bank of the Madeira River, Amazonas, Brazil, and deposited in the British Museum of Natural History, registered as number 1908.5.9.6. Thomas (1908) emphasized among the diagnostic characters of the new species the general blue grey colouration of the dorsal area and the yellow of the extremities, confined to the hands and feet. The validity of the name Saimiri madeirae was accepted by Elliot (1913), Allen (1916), Cruz Lima (1945) and Hill (1960), who all considered S. madeirae as a species distinct from S. ustus.

Hershkovitz (1984) considered S. madeirae as a junior synonym of S. ustus. On the other hand, Thorington (1985) validated S. madeirae, as distinct from S. ustus. Following Thorington (1985), S. ustus would be a variant form of S. sciureus, with nearly hairless ears. Costello et al. (1993) invalidated S. ustus, considering it a junior synonym of S. sciureus. Subsequent authors (e.g. Rylands et al. 2000, 2012; Groves 2001, 2005; Rylands and Mittermeier 2009; Lavergne et al. 2010; Chiou et al. 2011; Paglia et al. 2012) follow Hershkovitz (1984), considering S. ustus the valid name for the squirrel monkey species with naked ears.

Saimiri taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1984) and Groves (2001, 2005). An alternative taxonomy is presented by Thorington Jr. (1985) as follows: S. sciureus sciureus (includes the forms albigena, macrodon, and ustus recognized by Hershkovitz, [1984]), S. sciureus boliviensis (includes the forms pluvialis Lönnberg, 1940 and jaburuensis Lönnberg, 1940 recognized by Hershkovitz [1987]), S. sciureus cassiquiarensis, S. sciureus oerstedii (includes the form citrinellus recognized by Hershkovitz [1984]), and S. madeirae (given as a junior synonym of S. ustus by Hershkovitz [1984]). Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1989) recognize S. sciureus caquetensis Allen 1916, given as a junior synonym of S. sciureus macrodon by Hershkovitz (1984). Costello et al. (1993) argued for the recognition of just two species: S. sciureus in South America, and S. oerstedii in Panama and Costa Rica.  Boinski and Cropp (1999) using two nuclear genes (IRBP and ZFX) and one mitochondrial (D-Loop) strongly support the Hershkovitz (1984) taxonomy, advocating four distinct species: Saimiri sciureus, S. boliviensis, S. oerstedii and S. ustus. Thorington (1985) described the existence of two different pelage colouration phenotypes (S. ustus vs. S. madeirae) based on geography (see Lynch Alfaro et al. 2015). Mitochondrial molecular data suggests S. ustus as currently defined may be paraphyletic (Lynch Alfaro et al. 2015)." 43968,Saimiri sciureus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Saimiri,sciureus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Saimiri taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1984) and Groves (2001, 2005). An alternative taxonomy is presented by Thorington Jr. (1985) as follows: S. sciureus sciureus (includes the forms albigena, macrodon, and ustus recognized by Hershkovitz, [1984]), S. sciureus boliviensis (includes the forms pluvialis Lönnberg, 1940 and jaburuensis Lönnberg, 1940 recognized by Hershkovitz [1987]), S. sciureus cassiquiarensis, S. sciureus oerstedii (includes the form citrinellus recognized by Hershkovitz [1984]), and S. madeirae (given as a junior synonym of S. ustus by Hershkovitz [1984]). Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1989) recognize S. sciureus caquetensis Allen 1916, given as a junior synonym of S. sciureus macrodon by Hershkovitz (1984). Costello et al. (1993) argued for the recognition of just two species: S. sciureus in South America, and S. oerstedii in Panama and Costa Rica. Boinski and Cropp (1999) using two nuclear genes (IRBP and ZFX) and one mitochondrial (D-Loop) strongly support the Hershkovitz (1984) taxonomy, advocating four distinct species: Saimiri sciureus, S. boliviensis, S. oerstedii and S. ustus.

Phylogenetic studies by Lynch Alfaro et al. (2015) and Mercês et al. (2015) resulted in the classification  of Saimiri sciureus as a monotypic species, restricted to the northeastern Amazon on the Guiana Shield extending in Brazil, north of the Amazon into French Guiana, Suriname and Guyana.

" 70610928,Saimiri collinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Saimiri,collinsi,,,,,"Osgood, 1916","The description of Saimiri sciurea collinsi Osgood, 1916 was based on a specimen that belonged to a series of four collected by Emília Snethlage, an ornithologist and at the time the Director of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).  The holotype was depoited in the Field Museum of Natural History (specimen number 19534). In the original description, Osgood (1916) omitted the other three specimens from the same series that remained in the mammal collection at MPEG (MPEG 1378, 1379, 1380). The type locality is Fazenda Teso, Soure municipality, Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. Cruz Lima (1945), Cabrera (1958) and Hill (1960) reiterated the validity of the taxon as a subspecies of S. sciureus. However, Hershkovitz (1984) considered S. s. collinsi a junior synonym of S. s. sciureus, and this designation was followed by most subsequent authors (e.g., Thorington 1985, Boinski & Cropp 1999, Rylands et al. 2000, Groves 2001, 2005, Rylands & Mittermeier 2009). Despite having observed morphological diferences between specimens from the two banks of the Amazon River, Thorington (1985) interpreted these differences as geographic variation. While Costello et al. (1993) included S. collinsi representatives in their samples, they did not mention the name published by Osgood. In fact, Costello et al. (1993) considered all the names that had been applied to different forms of South American Saimiri to be junior synonyms of Saimiri sciureus. Despite the large differences among the taxonomic arrangements of Hershkovitz (1984), Thorington (1985) and Costello et al. (1993), there was consensus (see also Hill 1960, Boinski & Cropp 1999) in recognizing the populations in all of the eastern Amazon as belonging to a single terminal taxon. More recently, Pinheiro (2003) observed, using mitochondrial genetic analysis of the D-loop region, that the samples coming from the two sides of the Amazon River were presenting genetic differentiation of a similar magnitude as that observed across other taxa within Saimiri. Pinheiro (2003) proposed that the forms north and south of the eastern Amazon River were distinct taxa but did not verify the available names for these taxa. Lavergne et al. (2010) found similar results and proposed the revalidation of Saimiri collinsi Osgood, 1916 as a species, more closely related to Saimiri ustus than to Saimiri sciureus (= S. s. sciureus, also elevated to the level of species). Chiou et al. (2011) replicated the results of Lavergne et al. (2010) with a larger data set. The taxonomic recommendations of Lavergne et al. (2010) and Chiou et al. (2011) were followed by Paglia et al. (2012). Using a larger dataset and an interdisciplinary framework, Mercês et al. (2015) corroborated the results of Lavergne et al. (2010) and updated our knowledge of the geographic distribution of S. collinsi." 160940148,Saimiri cassiquiarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Saimiri,cassiquiarensis,,,,,"(Lesson, 1840)","

The forms macrodon and cassiquiarensis were considered to be subspecies of S. sciureus by Hill (1960), Hershkovitz (1984) and Groves (2001, 2005). Lavergne et al. (2010; see also Carretero-Pinzón et al., 2009) considered them to be full species following a molecular genetic study of the MtDNA cytochrome b gene. The Colombian endemic albigena was considered a junior synonym of S. s. caquetensis J. A. Allen, 1916, by Hill (1960). Hershkovitz (1984), on the other hand, considered caquetensis to be a junior synonym of macrodon, and recognized albigena as a subspecies of S. sciureus (see also Groves, 2001, 2005).  In recognizing the three taxa as species, Carretero-Pinzón et al. (2009) and Lavergne et al. (2010) argued that it would be consistent to consider that peruviensis, a subspecies of boliviensis according to Hershkovitz (1984) and Groves (2001, 2005), be listed as a full species.

A phylogenetic, phylogeographic study by Lynch Alfaro et al. (2015) found that the forms albigena, cassiquiarensis and macrodon formed a clade, and that macrodon was paraphyletic, indicating three lineages (taxa), macrodon A, macrodon B and macrodon C.  They termed this group the “cassiquiarensis complex” and suggested that albigena, and the three lineages of macrodon be considered subspecies of cassiquiarensis, the oldest named taxon.

" 4074,Sapajus xanthosternos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Sapajus,xanthosternos,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1826)","Silva Jr (2001, 2002) argued that the tufted capuchins and the untufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) are so distinct in their morphology that they should be considered separate genera. Cebus Erxleben, 1777 for the untufted group, and Sapajus Kerr, 1792 is the name available for the tufted capuchins.

With a unique karyotype (Seuánez et al. 1986) and evidence for relatively early divergence from other Sapajus species (Lynch Alfaro et al. 2012; Nascimento et al. 2015), Sapajus xanthosternos is considered a distinct species based on morphological characteristics by both Groves (2001, 2005) and Silva Jr. (2001)." 42697,Sapajus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Sapajus,robustus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","Silva Jr (2001, 2002) argued that the tufted capuchins and the un-tufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) are so distinct in their morphology that they should be considered separate genera: Cebus Erxleben, 1777 for the un-tufted group; and Sapajus Kerr, 1792 for the tufted capuchins.

Taxonomy of the tufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) follows Silva Jr (2001), who did not recognise any subspecific forms. Groves (2001, 2005) presented an alternative taxonomy for the tufted capuchins as follows: C. apella apella Linnaeus, 1758; C. apella fatuellus Linnaeus, 1766; C. apella macrocephalus Spix, 1823; C. apella peruanus Thomas, 1901; C. apella tocantinus Lönnberg, 1939; C. apella margaritae Hollister, 1914; C. libidinosus libidinosus Spix, 1823; C. libidinosus pallidus Gray, 1866; C. libidinosus paraguayanus Fischer, 1829; C. libidinosus juruanus Lönnberg, 1939; C. nigritus nigritus Goldfuss, 1809; C. nigritus robustus Kuhl, 1820; C. nigritus cucullatus Spix, 1823; C. xanthosternos Wied-Neuwied, 1826 (see Fragaszy et al. 2004; Rylands et al. 2005).

Groves (2001) listed three subspecific forms for C. nigritus: C. nigritus nigritus Goldfuss, 1809; C. nigritus robustus Kuhl, 1820, considered a distinct species by Silva Jr. (2001); and C. nigritus cucullatus Spix, 1823, considered a junior synonym of C. nigritus by Silva Jr. (2001).

The species was transferred to Sapajus (Lynch Alfaro et al. 2012)." 136253,Sapajus flavius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Sapajus,flavius,,,,,"Schreber, 1774","Georg Marcgrave (1648) described a capuchin monkey from the northeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil as ""caitaia"". This monkey had bright yellow long fur, a rounded head and a not prominent forehead. At least three names have been used for this primate species: Simia flavia Schreber 1774, Cebus flavus Geoffroy 1812 and Cebus apella libidinosus (Spix 1823). Until recently, specimens of Simia flavia did not exist in scientific collections. For this reason the animal depicted in plate 31-b of Schreber (1774) had never been properly identified. A specimen collected in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil was considered the neotype of Simia flavia Schreber, 1774 and was named Cebus flavius (Schreber, 1774) (Oliveira and Langguth 2006). There is a junior synonym: Cebus queirozi (Pontes et al. 2006)." 136346,Sapajus libidinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Sapajus,libidinosus,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","Historically the capuchins were classified in the genus Cebus Erxleben, 1777 by Hershkovitz (1949, 1955). Silva Jr. (2001) argued that the tufted and untufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) are so distinct in their morphology that they should be considered separate genera. Based on genetic, morphological, and phylogeographic analyses, Silva Jr. (2002) and Lynch Alfaro et al. (2012a, b) grouped the untufted capuchins in the genus Cebus and the tufted capuchins in the genus Sapajus Kerr, 1792. Hershkovitz (1949, 1955) recognized only a single species of tufted capuchins, i.e. C. apella. Groves (2001, 2005) presented an alternative taxonomy for the tufted capuchins: C. apella apella (Linnaeus, 1758); C. apella fatuellus (Linnaeus, 1766); C. apella macrocephalus Spix, 1823; C. apella peruanus Thomas, 1901; C. apella tocantinus Lönnberg, 1939; C. apella margaritae Hollister, 1914; C. libidinosus libidinosus Spix, 1823; C. libidinosus pallidus Gray, 1866; C. libidinosus paraguayanus Fischer, 1829; C. libidinosus juruanus Lönnberg, 1939; C. nigritus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809); C. nigritus robustus Kuhl, 1820; C. nigritus cucullatus Spix, 1823; C. xanthosternos Wied-Neuwied, 1826 (see Fragaszy et al. 2004; Rylands et al. 2005). However, Silva Jr. (2001) did not recognize any subspecific forms. Additionally, Silva Jr. (2001) considered C. libidinosus juruanus as a junior synonym of C. macrocephalus, and C. libidinosus pallidus and C. libidinosus paraguayanus as junior synonyms of C. cay. " 172351505,Sapajus apella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Sapajus,apella,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Phylogenomic analyses of Sapajus by Lima et al. (2017, 2018) provided support for the validity of Sapajus nigritus, S. robustus and S. xanthosternos as distinct species but lumped the putative species S. cay, S. libidinosus, S. apella, S. macrocephalus, and S. flavius together as a single widespread lineage. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) phylogeny recovered S. flavius and S. libidinosus as sister species. Sapajus apella, S. macrocephalus, and S. cay individuals, however, were recovered in two geographic clades, from northeastern and southwestern Amazon, rather than clustering by currently defined morphospecies. A STRUCTURE analysis of population clustering revealed widespread admixture among Sapajus populations within the Amazon and even into the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest (Lima et al. 2018). Difficulty in assigning species by morphology may be a result of widespread population admixture facilitated through frequent movement across major rivers and even ecosystems by robust capuchin monkeys (Lima et al. 2018). While the form macrocephalus Spix, 1823 is now considered a synonym of Sapajus apella, for conservation purposes we maintain the forms cay Illiger, 1815 (LC), libidinosus Spix, 1823 (VU), and flavius Schreber, 1774 (CR), each with distinct external morphologies overall (Silva-Júnior 2001). They occur in different phyto- and zoogeographic regions and, correspondingly occupy distinct adaptive zones, and each have their particular conservation issues and threats." 191498923,Laccophilus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,ruficollis,,,,,"Zimmermann, 1919", 199761,Phelsuma nigristriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,nigristriata,,,,,"Meier, 1984","This species represents one of three separate colonization events of the Comoros archipelago by the genus Phelsuma, as inferred by Rocha et al. (2009)." 4135,Barbodes pachycheilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,pachycheilus,,,,,"(Herre, 1924)", 12751,Barbodes resimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,resimus,,,,,"(Herre, 1924)", 15633,Barbodes palaemophagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,palaemophagus,,,,,"(Herre, 1924)", 15634,Barbodes truncatulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,truncatulus,,,,,"(Herre, 1924)", 18882,Barbodes amarus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,amarus,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 18884,Barbodes baoulan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,baoulan,,,,,"Herre, 1926", 18886,Barbodes clemensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,clemensi,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 18888,Barbodes disa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,disa,,,,,"Herre, 1932", 18889,Barbodes flavifuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,flavifuscus,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 18890,Barbodes herrei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,herrei,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)", 18891,Barbodes katolo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,katolo,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 18892,Barbodes lanaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,lanaoensis,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 18898,Barbodes sirang,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,sirang,,,,,"Herre, 1932", 18901,Barbodes tras,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,tras,,,,,"Herre, 1926", 18903,Barbodes lindog,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,lindog,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 18904,Barbodes manalak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,manalak,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 20687,Barbodes palata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Barbodes,palata,,,,,"Herre, 1924", 22678392,Penelope pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,pileata,,,,,"Wagler, 1830", 199762,Phelsuma pasteuri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,pasteuri,,,,,"Meier, 1984","This species, together with Phelsuma robertmertensi and P. v-nigra, represents one of three separate colonization events of the Comoros Archipelago by the genus Phelsuma, as inferred by Rocha et al. (2007, 2009). Originally, it was described as a subspecies of P. v-nigra (Meier 1984)." 199763,Phelsuma robertmertensi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,robertmertensi,,,,,"Meier, 1980","This species, together with Phelsuma pasteuri and P. v-nigra, represents one of three separate colonization events of the Comoros Archipelago by the genus Phelsuma, as inferred by Rocha et al. (2007, 2009)." 209696922,Phelsuma v-nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,v-nigra,,,,,"Boettger, 1913","Each island of the Union of the Comoros is inhabited by a separate subspecies, as described by Meier (1986): Phelsuma v-nigra v-nigra (Mohéli); P. v-nigra comoraegrandensis (Grand Comoro); and P. v-nigra anjouanensis (Anjouan). Phelsuma pasteuri (Mayotte) was also considered a subspecies of P. v-nigra by Meier (1986) and this concept was followed in an earlier Red List assessment of P. v-nigra (Ineich 2009). A molecular study by Rocha et al. (2007) found that P. pasteuri is more closely related to P. robertmertensi than to P. v-nigra, warranting its recognition as a distinct species." 191499238,Laccophilus posticus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,posticus,,,,,"Aubé, 1838", 191499277,Laccophilus flaveolus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,flaveolus,,,,,"Régimbart, 1906", 192712123,Kinosternon abaxillare,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,abaxillare,,,,,"Baur in Stejneger, 1925","

A multivariate analysis of morphometric data by Berry (1978) demonstrated the distinctiveness of the endemic, allopatric taxon Kinosternon scorpioides abaxillare from the parapatric K. s. cruentatum. In addition, preliminary molecular sampling of the K. scorpioides complex by Iverson et al. (2013) suggested that K. s. abaxillare was more closely related to K. oaxacae than to K. s. cruentatum (or any other K. scorpioides). Given both the morphometric and molecular evidence, the latter authors followed Alvarez del Toro (1973, among many others) and suggested that K. abaxillare be recognized as a full species. Until more thorough geographic and molecular sampling is completed, following TTWG (2017) we treat the taxon here as a species.

" 22716161,Hartertula flavoviridis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Hartertula,flavoviridis,,,,,"Hartert, 1924",

Hartertula flavoviridis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Neomixis flavoviridis.

22715015,Poliolais lopezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Poliolais,lopezi,,,,,"(Alexander, 1903)", 200790,Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,puteoserpentis,,,,,"Cosel, Metivier & Hashimoto, 1994", 200849,Bathymodiolus azoricus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,azoricus,,,,,"Cosel & Comtet, 1999", 157720198,Iheyaspira bathycodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Iheyaspira,bathycodon,,,,,"Nye, Copley, Linse & Plouviez, 2013", 157721219,Laeviphitus desbruyeresi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,ELACHISINIDAE,Laeviphitus,desbruyeresi,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157786766,Pseudorimula midatlantica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Pseudorimula,midatlantica,,,,,"McLean, 1992", 157850735,Dendronotus comteti,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NUDIBRANCHIA,DENDRONOTIDAE,Dendronotus,comteti,,,,,"Valdés & Bouchet, 1998", 157856804,Lepetodrilus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,atlanticus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157856808,Lirapex costellatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Lirapex,costellatus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157856823,Lurifax vitreus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,ORBITESTELLIDAE,Lurifax,vitreus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157856995,Paralepetopsis ferrugivora,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NEOLEPETOPSIDAE,Paralepetopsis,ferrugivora,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157857019,Peltospira smaragdina,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Peltospira,smaragdina,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157857032,Phymorhynchus carinatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,carinatus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157857035,Phymorhynchus moskalevi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,moskalevi,,,,,"Sysoev & Kantor, 1995", 157857039,Phymorhynchus ovatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,ovatus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157857179,Protolira valvatoides,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Protolira,valvatoides,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 157857313,Sutilizona pterodon,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,SUTILIZONIDAE,Sutilizona,pterodon,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157857564,Thyasira southwardae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,LUCINIDA,THYASIRIDAE,Thyasira,southwardae,,,,,"P.G. Oliver & Holmes, 2006", 157858181,Veleropilina segonzaci,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,MONOPLACOPHORA,TRYBLIDIIDA,NEOPILINIDAE,Veleropilina,segonzaci,,,,,"(Warén & Bouchet, 2001)", 157858210,Xylodiscula analoga,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,XYLODISCULIDAE,Xylodiscula,analoga,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157910741,Divia briandi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,PHENACOLEPADIDAE,Divia,briandi,,,,,"(Warén & Bouchet, 2001)", 47414458,Onthophagus stylocerus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Onthophagus,stylocerus,,,,,"Graells, 1851", 176831,Liophidium mayottensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Liophidium,mayottensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 199765,Madatyphlops comorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,comorensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1889)","A blindsnake resembling this species was collected on Mayotte in 2014, and referred to as Madatyphlops cf. comorensis by Augros and Hawlitschek (2019). It was subsequently described as the new species M. eudeleni by Hawlitschek et al. (2021)." 22707728,Malaconotus gladiator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALACONOTIDAE,Malaconotus,gladiator,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)", 192839123,Microphilypnus hypolyrasimeion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GOBIIFORMES,ELEOTRIDAE,Microphilypnus,hypolyrasimeion,,,,,"Caires & Toledo-Piza, 2018",There have been no taxonomic changes or doubts since the description of this species. 191500136,Laccophilus transversovittatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,transversovittatus,,,,,"Bistrom, Nilsson & Bergsten, 2015",Laccophilus transversovittatus is closely related to L. laeticulus and L. occidentalis (Biström et al. 2015). 22706553,Ceblepyris graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Ceblepyris,graueri,,,,,"(Neumann, 1908)",

Ceblepyris graueri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Coracina graueri.

 

191498968,Laccophilus comes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,comes,,,,,"Guignot, 1955", 22680643,Indicator pumilio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,INDICATORIDAE,Indicator,pumilio,,,,,"Chapin, 1958", 196574,Lepidodactylus buleli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,buleli,,,,,"Ineich, 2008", 196575,Lepidodactylus euaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,euaensis,,,,,"Gibbons & Brown, 1988", 196576,Lepidodactylus flaviocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,flaviocularis,,,,,"Brown, McCoy & Rodda, 1992", 196577,Lepidodactylus gardineri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,gardineri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1897", 196578,Lepidodactylus guppyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,guppyi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1884","This taxon is ""almost certainly a species complex"" (M. McCoy pers. comm. August 2012). A historical record from New Britain is likely to represent a different species, and records from New Guinea (Bauer and Henle 1994) are thought to represent misidentification. Genetic divergence is low between Lepidodactyus guppyi and the morphologically similar L. vanuatuensis, and range limits between these two taxa are unclear." 193207346,Lepidodactylus magnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,magnus,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1977",Specimens from the Huon Peninsula in the type series were found to represent the distinct species Lepidodactylus sacrolineatus by Kraus and Oliver (2020). 191499017,Laccophilus alluaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,alluaudi,,,,,"Régimbart, 1900", 191499077,Laccophilus seyrigi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,seyrigi,,,,,"Guignot, 1937", 178599,Lepidodactylus mutahi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,mutahi,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1977", 42482976,Lepidodactylus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,novaeguineae,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1977","Kraus (2019) noted that this species' type locality has historically been misreported in the literature as the Vogelkop Peninsula, and that the correct locality given in the original description is Lake Sentani. This author also reports that an additional paratype from Mt. Nibo was intended based on correspondence prior to publication, but omitted apparently in error from the formal description.

As presently understood, and mapped here, Lepidodactylus novaeguineae probably represents three species - with populations from the Huon Peninsula almost certainly different - but there are no genetic data from close to type locality, and there is very little morphological variation in this group (F. Kraus and P. Oliver pers. comm. 2020). It is unclear to which of the lineages identified by Oliver et al. (2018) the name L novaeguineae refers.

An additional lineage from Waigeo is part of this species complex, but as the name L. novaeguineae is certainly not referable to this form this is not treated as part of this species in this assessment." 196581,Lepidodactylus oligoporus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,oligoporus,,,,,"Buden, 2007", 42482989,Lepidodactylus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,orientalis,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1977","The taxonomic status of Lepidodactylus browni and its relationship to L. orientalis is being investigated (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2020). A population from Kamiali, which is genetically and ecologically divergent is no longer considered to belong to this species (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2020)." 22682969,Uratelornis chimaera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,BRACHYPTERACIIDAE,Uratelornis,chimaera,,,,,"Rothschild, 1895", 196582,Lepidodactylus paurolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,paurolepis,,,,,"Ota, Fisher & Ineich, 1995", 196583,Lepidodactylus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,pulcher,,,,,"Boulenger, 1885", 42483029,Lepidodactylus ranauensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,ranauensis,,,,,"Ota & Hikida, 1988", 196584,Lepidodactylus shebae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,shebae,,,,,"(Brown & Tanner, 1949)","The validity of this species - which may have been introduced to Guadalcanal from elsewhere in the Pacific, although this is considered doubtful - is uncertain, and additional specimens are required in order to clarify its taxonomic status (M. McCoy pers. comm. August 2012). It closely resembles Lepidodactylus guppyi, from which it appears to differ only in the number of interorbital scales (a character which may be unreliable based on only a single specimen) (M. McCoy pers. comm. August 2012). This latter species is itself thought to be a species complex (M. McCoy pers. comm. August 2012)." 178452,Lepidodactylus vanuatuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,vanuatuensis,,,,,"Ota, Fisher, Ineich, Case, Radtkey & Zug, 1998", 104718252,Luperosaurus yasumai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Luperosaurus,yasumai,,,,,"Ota, Sengoku & Hikida, 1996", 193106673,Lepidodactylus aignanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,aignanus,,,,,"Kraus, 2019",This taxon was referred to as a candidate species in a molecular phylogeny by Oliver et al. (2018). 193106688,Lepidodactylus kwasnickae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,kwasnickae,,,,,"Kraus, 2019", 193106685,Lepidodactylus pollostos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,pollostos,,,,,"Karkkainen, Richards, Kraus, Tjaturadi, Krey & Oliver, 2020",This species is a member of the Lepidodactylus novaeguineae group and was originally reported as the candidate species Lepidodactylus sp. Salawati by Oliver et al. (2018). 193106707,Lepidodactylus mitchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,mitchelli,,,,,"Kraus, 2019","This species was included within Lepidodactylus novaeguineae by Stubbs et al. (2017), and listed as the candidate species Lepidodactylus Boiaboiawaga in a subsequent molecular phylogeny (Oliver et al. 2018)." 193106718,Lepidodactylus sacrolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,sacrolineatus,,,,,"Kraus & Oliver, 2020",This species was originally referred to in the literature as a candidate species by Oliver et al. (2018). Specimens from the Huon Peninsula now assigned to this species were previously included in the type series of Lepidodactylus magnus (Kraus and Oliver 2020). 193106741,Lepidodactylus dialeukos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,dialeukos,,,,,"Kraus, 2019", 193106753,Lepidodactylus zweifeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,zweifeli,,,,,"Kraus, 2019", 191499490,Laccophilus addendus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,addendus,,,,,"Sharp, 1882", 191499912,Laccophilus pallescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,pallescens,,,,,"Régimbart, 1903", 191499044,Laccophilus furthi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,furthi,,,,,"Bistrom, Nilsson & Bergsten, 2015", 191499060,Laccophilus pseustes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,pseustes,,,,,"Guignot, 1955", 191499127,Laccophilus isamberti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,isamberti,,,,,"Bistrom, Nilsson & Bergsten, 2015", 191499250,Laccophilus complicatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,complicatus,,,,,"Sharp, 1882", 59064,Ambystoma maculatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,maculatum,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 54570,Anaxyrus americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,americanus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1836)", 59060,Ambystoma laterale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,laterale,,,,,"Hallowell, 1856", 191499274,Laccophilus rivulosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,rivulosus,,,,,"Klug, 1833", 191499970,Laccophilus insularum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,insularum,,,,,"Bistrom, Nilsson & Bergsten, 2015", 191499900,Laccophilus olsoufieffi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,olsoufieffi,,,,,"Guignot, 1937", 191499378,Laccophilus lateralis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,lateralis,,,,,"Sharp, 1882", 191499985,Laccophilus luctuosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,DYTISCIDAE,Laccophilus,luctuosus,,,,,"Sharp, 1882", 59253,Desmognathus ochrophaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,ochrophaeus,,,,,"Cope, 1859","Subpopulations in the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee that were previously known as this species were assigned to Desmognathus abditus (Anderson and Tilley 2003). One specimen of a juvenile from central Vermont may belong to this species, but this requires confirmation." 55687,Dryophytes versicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,versicolor,,,,,"(LeConte, 1825)","This species is not distinguished from the very similar Hyla chrysoscelis in most published literature; it is distinguished by chromosomes, erythrocyte size (Matson 1990), and call characteristics.

The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes." 59282,Gyrinophilus porphyriticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Gyrinophilus,porphyriticus,,,,,"(Green, 1827)",Some authors include Gyrinophilus subterraneus in this species (Blaney and Blaney 1978). Bonett et al. (2013) phylogenetic hypothesis has been interpreted as either Gyrinophilus porphyriticus being conspecific with G. palleucus and G. gulolineatus or Gyrinophilus porphyriticus being a species complex (Frost 2014 and references therein). 59285,Hemidactylium scutatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Hemidactylium,scutatum,,,,,"(Temminck, 1838)", 58578,Lithobates clamitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,clamitans,,,,,"(Latreille, 1801)", 58690,Lithobates palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,palustris,,,,,"(LeConte, 1825)",A recently recognized but unnamed new cryptic species with a sister relationship to Lithobates palustris (Newman et al. 2012) suggests that a revision of the species' distribution may be needed to assess geographic variation and if there could be more cryptic species concealed under this nominal form. 58713,Lithobates septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,septentrionalis,,,,,"(Baird, 1854)", 58728,Lithobates sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,sylvaticus,,,,,"(LeConte, 1825)", 59453,Notophthalmus viridescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Notophthalmus,viridescens,,,,,"(Rafinesque, 1820)", 59334,Plethodon cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,cinereus,,,,,"(Green, 1818)","Some published literature on this species actually pertains to Plethodon serratus, which was given species status in mid-1970s." 55892,Pseudacris crucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,crucifer,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1838)", 136004,Pseudacris maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,maculata,,,,,"(Agassiz, 1850)","A molecular phylogeny of Pseudacris based on mtDNA data (Moriarty and Cannatella 2004) revealed four strongly supported clades within Pseudacris: (1) A West Coast Clade containing regilla and cadaverina, (2) a Fat Frog Clade including ornata, streckeri, and illinoensis, (3) a Crucifer Clade consisting of crucifer and ocularis, and (4) a Trilling Frog Clade containing all other Pseudacris. Within the Trilling Frog Clade, brimleyi and brachyphona form the sister group to the Nigrita Clade: nigrita, feriarum, triseriata, kalmi, clarkii, and maculata. The Nigrita Clade shows geographic division into three clades: (1) populations of maculata and triseriata west of the Mississippi River and Canadian populations, (2) southeastern United States populations of feriarum and nigrita, and (3) northeastern United States populations of feriarum, kalmi, and triseriata. Moriarty and Cannatella (2004) found that subspecific epithets for crucifer (crucifer and bartramiana) and nigrita (nigrita and verrucosa) are uninformative, and they therefore discouraged recognition of these subspecies. They concluded that further study is needed to determine if illinoensis warrants status as a distinct species. Molecular data were consistent with retention of regilla, cadaverina, ocularis, and crucifer in the genus Pseudacris.

Using mtDNA samples from a large number of localities throughout North America, Lemmon et al. (2007) elucidated the phylogenetic relationships and established the geographic ranges of the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). They redefined the ranges of several taxa, including P. maculata, P. triseriata, and P. feriarum; found strong evidence for recognizing P. kalmi as a distinct species; and discovered a previously undetected species in the south-central United States (now known as P. fouquettei). Based on mtDNA data, Pseudacris maculata and P. clarkii did not emerge as distinct, monophyletic lineages but, given the degree of morphological and behavioural divergence between the taxa, Lemmon et al. (2007) chose to recognize them as separate species, until further data suggest otherwise." 55899,Pseudacris triseriata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,triseriata,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1838)","A molecular phylogeny of Pseudacris based on mtDNA data (Moriarty and Cannatella 2004) revealed four strongly supported clades within Pseudacris: (1) A West Coast Clade containing regilla and cadaverina, (2) a Fat Frog Clade including ornata, streckeri, and illinoensis, (3) a Crucifer Clade consisting of crucifer and ocularis, and (4) a Trilling Frog Clade containing all other Pseudacris. Within the Trilling Frog Clade, brimleyi and brachyphona form the sister group to the Nigrita Clade: nigrita, feriarum, triseriata, kalmi, clarkii, and maculata. The Nigrita Clade shows geographic division into three clades: (1) populations of maculata and triseriata west of the Mississippi River and Canadian populations, (2) southeastern United States populations of feriarum and nigrita, and (3) northeastern United States populations of feriarum, kalmi, and triseriata. Moriarty and Cannatella (2004) found that subspecific epithets for crucifer (crucifer and bartramiana) and nigrita (nigrita and verrucosa) are uninformative, and they therefore discouraged recognition of these subspecies. They concluded that further study is needed to determine if illinoensis warrants status as a distinct species. Molecular data were consistent with retention of regilla, cadaverina, ocularis, and crucifer in the genus Pseudacris.

Using mtDNA samples from a large number of localities throughout North America, Lemmon et al. (2007) elucidated the phylogenetic relationships and established the geographic ranges of the trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). They redefined the ranges of several taxa, including P. maculata, P. triseriata, and P. feriarum; found strong evidence for recognizing P. kalmi as a distinct species; and discovered a previously undetected species in the south-central United States (now known as Pseudacris fouquettei). Based on mtDNA data, Pseudacris maculata and P. clarkii did not emerge as distinct, monophyletic lineages but, given the degree of morphological and behavioural divergence between the taxa, Lemmon et al. (2007) chose to recognize them as separate species, until further data suggest otherwise." 58565,Lithobates catesbeianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,catesbeianus,,,,,"(Shaw, 1802)", 193422404,Blommersia nataliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,MANTELLIDAE,Blommersia,nataliae,,,,,"Vieites, Nieto-Roman, Fernández & Santos-Santos, 2020","Prior to the description of this species by Vieites et al. in 2020, only one species of Blommersia, B. transmarina, was known from Mayotte (Glaw et al. 2019). Some of the records assigned to B. transmarina could, in truth, represent the newly described B. nataliae." 22678395,Penelope ochrogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,ochrogaster,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1870", 21226,Sympetrum dilatatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Sympetrum,dilatatum,,,,,"(Calvert, 1892)", 193348632,Trachelophorus giraffa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ATTELABIDAE,Trachelophorus,giraffa,,,,,"Voss, 1929","For the purposes of this assessment, Trachelophorus giraffa is considered the accepted species name (Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal 2020)." 22692971,Monias benschi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MESITORNITHIFORMES,MESITORNITHIDAE,Monias,benschi,,,,,"Oustalet & Grandidier, 1903", 22736513,Merops mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,MEROPIDAE,Merops,mentalis,,,,,"Cabanis, 1889", 22682937,Geobiastes squamiger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,BRACHYPTERACIIDAE,Geobiastes,squamiger,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1838)",Geobiastes squamiger (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Brachypteracias. Gender agreement of species name follows David and Gosselin (2002b).

22679545,Agelastes meleagrides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Agelastes,meleagrides,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 23062,Vulpes vulpes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,CANIDAE,Vulpes,vulpes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","A recent extensive global phylogeny of Red Foxes that included ~1,000 samples from across the species’ range found that Red Foxes originated in the Middle East, then radiated out, and that Red Foxes in North America are genetically distinct and probably merit recognition as a distinct species (Vulpes fulva) (Statham et al. 2014)." 22678534,Crax alector,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,alector,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 45092100,Crax fasciolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Crax,fasciolata,,,,,"Spix, 1825","Crax fasciolata and C. pinima (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. fasciolata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 41405,Sorex monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Sorex,monticola,,,,,"Merriam, 1890","There has been disagreement over whether Sorex monticola is distinct from S. vagrans at the species level; most recent studies recognize S. monticola as a distinct species (e.g., Jones et al. 1992; Hutterer in Wilson and Reeder 1993, 2005; Smith and Belk 1996)." 22679630,Odontophorus gujanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,gujanensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 18725,Pteropus giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,giganteus,,,,,"(Brünnich, 1782)","This taxon belongs to the vampyrus species group. Earlier included as Pteropus intermedius Andersen, 1908 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951, Corbet and Hill 1992) and listed under Pteropus vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kloss 1916, 1919; Hill 1975; Lekagul and McNeely 1977; Honacki et al. 1982; Racey 1992; Koopman 1993; Nowak 1999)." 194174678,Paragus thracusi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Paragus,thracusi,,,,,"Radenković, Likov & Vujić, 2020",
 59331,Plethodon angusticlavius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,angusticlavius,,,,,"Grobman, 1944",This form is not universally accepted as a valid species. 22678422,Pipile cujubi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pipile,cujubi,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1858)", 22679929,Branta sandvicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Branta,sandvicensis,,,,,"(Vigors, 1834)", 178592041,Alytes almogavarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Alytes,almogavarii,,,,,"Arntzen and García-París, 1995","This is a split from the broader concept of Alytes obstetricans, for which it was previously considered to be a subspecies (Dufresnes and Martínez-Solano 2020)." 22714620,Nesillas mariae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Nesillas,mariae,,,,,"Benson, 1960", 18917777,Goniurosaurus toyamai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,EUBLEPHARIDAE,Goniurosaurus,toyamai,,,,,"Grismer, Ota & Tanaka, 1994","Honda et al. (2014) revised Japanese members of Goniurosaurus, previously considered either the full species G. kuroiwae, G. toyamai, G. yamashinae, G. orientalis and G. splendens, or a single taxon G. kuroiwae with five subspecies. These authors' results supported the recognition of two full species, G. splendens and G. kuroiwae, and they proposed treating G. orientalis, G. toyamai and G. yamashinae as subspecies of G. kuroiwae.

Further molecular research into this species complex is ongoing, and has confirmed that there are at least five species-level clades in the Ryukyus, corresponding to subspecies of G. kuroiwae recognized by Honda et al. (2014) plus G. splendens (H. Ota pers. comm. 2016). As a revision of this group is due to be submitted for publication shortly, this account adopts a traditional five-species treatment of this complex, while recognizing that both G. kuroiwae and G. orientalis as presently recognized may be further subdivided in the near future." 22708748,Turdus bewsheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,bewsheri,,,,,"Newton, 1877", 22695909,Buteo galapagoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,galapagoensis,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22711458,Thryophilus nicefori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryophilus,nicefori,,,,,"(Meyer de Schauensee, 1946)",

Thryophilus nicefori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Thryothorus nicefori.

22718739,Ploceus batesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,batesi,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1908)", 22692250,Sarothrura watersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,watersi,,,,,"(Bartlett, 1879)", 22678576,Macrocephalon maleo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Macrocephalon,maleo,,,,,"Müller, 1846", 4292,Cetorhinus maximus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,CETORHINIDAE,Cetorhinus,maximus,,,,,"(Gunnerus, 1765)", 22680101,Callonetta leucophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Callonetta,leucophrys,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1816)", 170873445,Spinaxinus caldarium,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,LUCINIDA,THYASIRIDAE,Spinaxinus,caldarium,,,,,"P. G. Oliver & Rodrigues, 2017", 22680127,Salvadorina waigiuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Salvadorina,waigiuensis,,,,,"Rothschild & Hartert, 1894", 22692556,Laterallus rogersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Laterallus,rogersi,,,,,"(Lowe, 1923)","Laterallus rogersi (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously in the genus Atlantisia (del Hoyo and Collar 2014). Stervander et al. (2019) found that this species, Dot-winged Crake Porzana spiloptera and Yellow-breasted Crake Hapalocrex flaviventer nest within a clade of Laterallus crakes, with the first two grouped closely with Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis. It thus appears appropriate to move all three species to the genus Laterallus, and this option is adopted by BirdLife." 22680280,Anas aucklandica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,aucklandica,,,,,"(Gray, 1844)", 22692548,Rougetius rougetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rougetius,rougetii,,,,,"(Guérin-Méneville, 1843)", 22686017,Touit costaricensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,costaricensis,,,,,"(Cory, 1913)", 161454,Bathyraja isotrachys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,isotrachys,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)", 22692654,Zapornia olivieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,olivieri,,,,,"(Grandidier & Berlioz, 1929)",Zapornia olivieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Amaurornis. 22728705,Amazona martinicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,martinicana,,,,,"A. H. Clark, 1905", 22728701,Amazona violacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,violacea,,,,,"(J. F. Gmelin, 1789)", 22724513,Ara tricolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,tricolor,,,,,"Bechstein, 1811", 22728696,Psittacara labati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,labati,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1905)","Psittacara labati (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga.

Conures were also reported from Barbados (Clark 1905a) and Martinique (Clark 1905b), but insufficient evidence exists to assign them taxonomically.

" 22686066,Touit stictopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,stictopterus,,,,,"(Sclater, 1862)", 22694005,Vanellus melanocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,melanocephalus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)", 22685966,Brotogeris pyrrhoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Brotogeris,pyrrhoptera,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 157857014,Paralepetopsis tunnicliffae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,PATELLIDA,NEOLEPETOPSIDAE,Paralepetopsis,tunnicliffae,,,,,"McLean, 2008", 22694048,Vanellus superciliosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,CHARADRIIDAE,Vanellus,superciliosus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1886)", 22692866,Gallinula comeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Gallinula,comeri,,,,,"(Allen, 1892)","Gallinula nesiotis and G. comeri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. nesiotis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Groenenburg et al. (2008, 2009), and before that had been treated as separate species by Collar and Stuart (1985).

" 22678632,Eulipoa wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Eulipoa,wallacei,,,,,"(Gray, 1860)", 22714468,Bradypterus graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Bradypterus,graueri,,,,,"Neumann, 1908", 22686125,Pyrilia pyrilia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrilia,pyrilia,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1853)", 22678370,Penelope superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Penelope,superciliaris,,,,,"Temminck, 1815", 22698719,Pseudocalyptomena graueri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EURYLAIMIDAE,Pseudocalyptomena,graueri,,,,,"Rothschild, 1909", 22686158,Hapalopsittaca amazonina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Hapalopsittaca,amazonina,,,,,"(Des Murs, 1845)", 195277206,Buccinum thermophilum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,BUCCINIDAE,Buccinum,thermophilum,,,,,"Harasewych & Kantor, 2002", 195278682,Enigmaticolus marshalli,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,BUCCINIDAE,Enigmaticolus,marshalli,,,,,"Fraussen & Stahlschmidt, 2016", 195278941,Falsimargarita nauduri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,CALLIOSTOMATIDAE,Falsimargarita,nauduri,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 195295153,Speculator cariosus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYPSOGASTROPODA,CERITHIOPSIDAE,Speculator,cariosus,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 195277242,Cantrainea nuda,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,COLLONIIDAE,Cantrainea,nuda,,,,,"Okutani, 2001", 195279688,Homalopoma bicolor,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,COLLONIIDAE,Homalopoma,bicolor,,,,,"Okutani, 2001", 195277464,Clathrosepta becki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,FISSURELLIDAE,Clathrosepta,becki,,,,,"McLean & Geiger, 1998", 195279947,Lepetodrilus gordensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,LEPETODRILIDAE,Lepetodrilus,gordensis,,,,,"S. B. Johnson, Young, Jones, Warén & Vrijenhoek, 2006", 195280222,Margarites manusensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,MARGARITIDAE,Margarites,manusensis,,,,,"S.-Q. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2017", 195277166,Bathymodiolus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Bathymodiolus,antarcticus,,,,,"S.B. Johnson & Vrijenhoek, 2013", 195295180,Gigantidas vrijenhoeki,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,MYTILIDA,MYTILIDAE,Gigantidas,vrijenhoeki,,,,,"Jang, Ho, Jum, Kim & Won, 2020", 195295356,Lamellomphalus manusensis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,NEOMPHALIDAE,Lamellomphalus,manusensis,,,,,"S.-Q. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2017", 195278125,Ctenopelta porifera,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Ctenopelta,porifera,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 1993", 195278428,Deshayesiella sirenkoi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,POLYPLACOPHORA,LEPIDOPLEURIDA,PROTOCHITONIDAE,Deshayesiella,sirenkoi,,,,,"Saito, Fujikura & Tsuchida, 2008", 195294984,Pyropelta yamato,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,PYROPELTIDAE,Pyropelta,yamato,,,,,"Sasaki, Okutani & Fujikura, 2003", 195280319,Phymorhynchus major,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,major,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 195280342,Phymorhynchus oculatus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,oculatus,,,,,"S.-Q. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2017", 195280380,Phymorhynchus starmeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,RAPHITOMIDAE,Phymorhynchus,starmeri,,,,,"Okutani & Ohta, 1993", 195276406,Adeuomphalus collinsi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SEGUENZIIDA,SEGUENZIOIDEA,Adeuomphalus,collinsi,,,,,"Kano, Chikyu & Warén, 2009", 195276867,Adeuomphalus elegans,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SEGUENZIIDA,SEGUENZIOIDEA,Adeuomphalus,elegans,,,,,"Kano, Chikyu & Warén, 2009", 195277000,Adeuomphalus trochanter,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,SEGUENZIIDA,SEGUENZIOIDEA,Adeuomphalus,trochanter,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 54940655,Ovis vignei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ovis,vignei,,,,,"Blyth, 1841","

The IUCN Caprinae action plan (Shackleton 1997) and the previous IUCN Red List of Threatened Species assessment (Valdez 2008) list one species, Ovis orientalis, for both Mouflon and Urial. The delegates of the Workshop on Caprinae Taxonomy (IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group 2000) disagreed with such classification, partly because of differences in the number of chromosomes (i.e., mouflon 54 and Urial 58), and concluded that Mouflon and Urial are different species. A molecular study (Rezaei et al. 2010) showed that the individuals identified as mouflon and Urial form two strongly monophyletic groups. Individuals sampled from hybrid populations appear either in the clade of Urial or in that of mouflon. Considering these two taxa as distinct species would be coherent with the morphological and genetic differences between them, as well as, their past evolutionary divergence, and the occurrence of a hybrid zone (Rezaei et al. 2010).

The name O. orientalis has first been used to designate the hybrid red sheep, found in Iran (listed as O. o. orientalis on page 13 of the IUCN Caprinae Action Plan). This sheep is considered a hybrid form, the result of interbreeding of Mouflon and Urial. Therefore the name O. orientalis is nomen nudum. Following on chronology, the next valid name for the Asiatic mouflons should be O. gmelini Blyth, 1841; and for the Urial should be O. vignei Blyth, 1841. Both CITES and the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) use O. vignei for the Urial as also suggested by Rezaei et al. (2010).

There are 5-7 subspecies of Urial: arkal, bocharensis, cycloceros, punjabensis, vignei, possibly blanfordi and questionable arabica, which might not be an autochthonous wild sheep.

In fact, it is difficult to distinguish phenotypically several of the 5-7 recognized subspecies of Urial and in absence of supporting molecular evidence some may be ecotypes, and not subspecies. In addition to problems with identifying different subspecies several local populations of Urial may be currently classified to a “wrong” subspecies (IUCN SSC/Caprinae Specialist Group 2000).

" 177247357,Onychogomphus cazuma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,GOMPHIDAE,Onychogomphus,cazuma,,,,,"Barona, Cardo & Díaz, 2020", 22686163,Hapalopsittaca fuertesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Hapalopsittaca,fuertesi,,,,,"(Chapman, 1912)", 22678583,Megapodius nicobariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,nicobariensis,,,,,"Blyth, 1846", 12552,Macaca fuscata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,fuscata,,,,,"(Blyth, 1875)",The population on Yakushima is usually considered a distinct subspecies (M. f. yakui). 22678478,Mitu tuberosum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Mitu,tuberosum,,,,,"(Spix, 1825)", 175648870,Presbytis hosei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,hosei,,,,,"(Thomas, 1889)","The species was originally described as Semnopithecus hosei Thomas 1889 (Malaysia, Sarawak, Niah). The forms sabana and canicrus that are commonly considered subspecies of Presbytis hosei are in fact distinct species; the differences being primarily morphological. The population at the type locality lacks sexual dichromatism and so two subspecies have been described: hosei supposed to be restricted to the region around Niah (extending east to Brunei) lacking sexual colour difference and everetti named by O.Thomas in 1892 from the rest of the distribution of the species (inland eastern Sarawak, Brunei, west Sabah, and northern Kalimantan) possessing it. But the ages of the specimen, when considered, brings to doubt the validity of the specimens as they were young females and not adults. Facial skin is pinkish except for black around eyes and bluish lips.

Brandon-Jones (1996a) maintained hosei as a subspecies of Presbytis comata. Corbet and Hill (1992), Groves (1970, 2001), and Brandon-Jones et al. (2004) listed hosei as a species, with subspecies everetti Thomas, 1893, canicrus, and sabana. Napier (1985) considered everetti to be a synonym. Brandon-Jones (1996a) discussed everetti, from Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, saying that it is very similar to hosei (from Niah, Baram, Sarawak) but with females having a dark crown and a white spot on the forehead. Groves (2001) and Brandon-Jones et al. (2004) continued to recognize everetti as a subspecies of hosei, because as indicated by Groves (2001), everetti “has an odd sexual dichromatism, unparalleled among langurs” (p.282). Groves and Roos (2013), however, argued that the female specimens that inspired the taxonomic distinction, were probably just young—the dark crown of the females appears when adults, and they considered hosei to be monotypic. Following Meijaard and Groves (2004), Nijman (2010) treated hosei, canicrus and sabana as three species, and everetti as a synonym of hosei." 14352,Nasalis larvatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Nasalis,larvatus,,,,,"(Wurmb, 1787)","There is very little difference between the two subspecies, and indeed Nasalis larvatus orientalis is not recognized by all authorities (M. Richardson pers. comm)." 58868,Pseudophilautus macropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RHACOPHORIDAE,Pseudophilautus,macropus,,,,,"(Günther, 1869)","This species is considered distinct from Philautus nanus following Manamendra-Arachchi and Pethiyagoda (2005), and from Pseudophilautus sordidus following Ellepola et al. (2021). However, further taxonomic studies on this species are required." 22686168,Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Hapalopsittaca,pyrrhops,,,,,"(Salvin, 1876)", 22678593,Megapodius bernsteinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,bernsteinii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22717941,Cinnyris rockefelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Cinnyris,rockefelleri,,,,,"Chapin, 1932","

Cinnyris rockefelleri (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Nectarinia following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 13132,Melomys rubicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Melomys,rubicola,,,,,"Thomas, 1924", 195440796,Nothobranchius elucens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,NOTHOBRANCHIIDAE,Nothobranchius,elucens,,,,,"Nagy, 2021","

When first collected in 2017, specimens of this species were referred to in the field as N. sp. Madi Opei (Nagy and Watters 2018). It was retrieved in van der Merwe et al. (2020) as a phylogenetically distinct lineage. Nothobranchius elucens was established as a species by Nagy (2021).

" 22685776,Conuropsis carolinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Conuropsis,carolinensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22685860,Pyrrhura albipectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,albipectus,,,,,"Chapman, 1914", 22709249,Fraseria lendu,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Fraseria,lendu,,,,,"(Chapin, 1932)",

Fraseria lendu (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Muscicapa lendu.

189551153,Metaballus mesopterus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Metaballus,mesopterus,,,,,"Rentz, 1985", 189550107,Moggridgea rainbowi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,MIGIDAE,Moggridgea,rainbowi,,,,,"(Pulleine, 1919)", 195629689,Creagdhubhia mallochorum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,MYCETOPHILIDAE,Creagdhubhia,mallochorum,,,,,"Chandler, 1999", 157866233,Fucaria mystax,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,TROCHIDA,SKENEIDAE,Fucaria,mystax,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 157866713,Helicoradomenia bisquama,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,SOLENOGASTRES,CAVIBELONIA,SIMROTHIELIIDAE,Helicoradomenia,bisquama,,,,,"Scheltema, 2000", 22678588,Megapodius cumingii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,cumingii,,,,,"Dillwyn, 1853", 85199559,Eptesicus serotinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,serotinus,,,,,"Schreber, 1774", 3798,Capra pyrenaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capra,pyrenaica,,,,,"Schinz, 1838", 81633057,Miniopterus schreibersii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,schreibersii,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1817)","In previous Red List assessments, this species included Miniopterus schreibersii pallidus, which is now raised to species level." 85566997,Myotis brandtii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,brandtii,,,,,"(Eversmann, 1845)","In previous assessments it included also Myotis brandtii gracilis now raised to species level, as M. sibiricus (Kruskop et al. 2012)." 85342710,Myotis daubentonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,daubentonii,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1817)","This is the new taxonomic concept for Myotis daubentonii. Previously the assessment referred to M. daubentonii sensu lato, thus including M. petax from Altai and Siberia which is now considered a distinct species (Matveev et al. 2005)." 45014473,Goura scheepmakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Goura,scheepmakeri,,,,,"Finsch, 1876","Goura scheepmakeri and G. sclaterii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as G. scheepmakeri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 85535522,Plecotus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,auritus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","According to new taxonomy this species is endemic to Europe, from Ireland to the Urals (Spitzenberger et al. 2006). The Asian populations have been identified as separate species, Plecotus ognevi and P. sacrimontis. Some Spanish populations were described as subspecies P. auritus begognae (Juste et al. 2004)." 85533333,Plecotus austriacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,austriacus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1829)","This is a revised taxonomic concept for Plecotus austriacus. The Asian populations are considered as distinct species (P. ariel, P. kozlovi, P. turkmenicus and P. wardi)." 39255,Rupicapra rupicapra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Rupicapra,rupicapra,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 171337,Tandonia ehrmanni,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,MILACIDAE,Tandonia,ehrmanni,,,,,"(Simroth, 1910)","There are taxonomic inconsistencies and a lack of a detailed revision of the genus Tandonia. The name Tandonia ehrmanni precedes the name Tandonia simrothi (Hesse, 1923), and the taxon is currently placed as Tandonia ehrmanni by MolluscaBase (2021).

Hesse created Amalia simrothi as a replacement name for Amalia kobelti Simroth, 1910 non Amalia kobelti Hesse, 1883. Later, it was found that an older available name, Amalia ehrmanni Simroth, 1910 is the same biological taxon as Amalia kobelti Simroth." 195897278,Centrolene sanchezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,sanchezi,,,,,"Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991",Centrolene bacatum (Wild 1994) and C. guanacarum (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1995) have been placed in synonymy under C. sanchezi (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1991) by Guayasamín et al. (2020). 4082,Cebus cesarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Cebus,cesarae,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1949","The taxonomy of untufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) has been recently debated and although there is a better understanding of its phylogeny, some phylogenetic and biogeographical aspects of this genus remain unresolved (Ruiz-Garcia et al. 2010, Boubli et al. 2012, Lynch et al. 2012). The varied white-fronted capuchin (Cebus versicolor) currently comprises all populations of untufted capuchins that occur in northern Colombia, east of the Magdalena River and in the middle Magdalena River valley, excluding those populations east of the Eastern Andes mountains (Cebus leucocephalus). Cebus cesarae comprises populations in northern Colombia (i.e. in the northern parts of the Magdalena and Cesar departments, and southwestern part of La Guajira Department), except for the northern Colombian coast, where it is replaced by Cebus malitiosus. The geographic delimitation between the Varied White-fronted Capuchin (C. versicolor) and the Rio Cesar White fronted Capuchin (C. cesarae) is not well understood, and further research is needed in this region.

Genetic analyses by Boubli et al. (2012) and Lima et al. (2017) have indicated that the following forms of white-fronted capuchins that were recognized as subspecies of Cebus albifrons by Hershkovitz (1949) should be considered distinct species: albifrons, yuracus, unicolor, cuscinus, cesarae, malitiosus, leucocephalus, aequatorialis, and versicolor" 80350630,Zephyrarchaea robinsi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Zephyrarchaea,robinsi,,,,,"(Harvey, 2002)", 189545680,Ogyris halmaturia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ogyris,halmaturia,,,,,"Tepper, 1890","The extremely complex nomenclatural history of this species - resulting from a type series consisting of two species, the lack of an unambiguously identified holotype, and a long history of inconsistent usages of the names Ogyris halmaturia and O. waterhouseri - was discussed iin detail by Braby and Douglas (2008), who referred O. halmaturia to the synonymy of O. otanes. 

Braby et al. (2011) subsequently reviewed the evidence presented in favour of multiple proposed treatments and upheld the lectotype designation by Tindale (1923). The consequence of this action is that O. halmaturia represents a valid species, of which O. waterhouseri is a junior synonym following Grund (2010), and this treatment is followed here." 189543079,Pollanisus hyacinthus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,ZYGAENIDAE,Pollanisus,hyacinthus,,,,,"Kallies & Mollet, 2018", 195991864,Diorygopyx duplodentatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Diorygopyx,duplodentatus,,,,,"Matthews, 1974","Two Australian Museum specimens from the area north of Mount Hyland, within the distribution of the similar Diorypogyx niger, appear to represent D. duplodentatus. Further taxonomic research is required to clarify their assignment, and it is possible they represent an undescribed species (C. Reid pers. comm. 2021). These records are excluded from this assessment pending resolution of this issue." 195991738,Matthewsius illawarrensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Matthewsius,illawarrensis,,,,,"(Matthews, 1974)", 195991709,Matthewsius rossi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Matthewsius,rossi,,,,,"(Matthews, 1974)", 189556991,Opaluma opulens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,STRATIOMYIDAE,Opaluma,opulens,,,,,"Lessard & Woodley, 2020", 195992126,Notonomus clivinoides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CARABIDAE,Notonomus,clivinoides,,,,,"(Moore, 1962)", 189533430,Aenigmatinea glatzella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,AENIGMATINEIDAE,Aenigmatinea,glatzella,,,,,"Kristensen & Edwards, 2015", 80350588,Zephyrarchaea melindae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Zephyrarchaea,melindae,,,,,"Rix & Harvey, 2012", 80350006,Zephyrarchaea barrettae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Zephyrarchaea,barrettae,,,,,"Rix & Harvey, 2012", 189541557,Aenetus tindalei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,HEPIALIDAE,Aenetus,tindalei,,,,,"Simonsen, 2018", 4221,Cercopithecus mitis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,mitis,,,,,"Wolf, 1822","This account largely follows the taxonomic arrangement of Grubb et al. (2003) in recognition of subspecies. The two exceptions are the recognition of C. m. zammaranoi (following Groves 2001, 2005; Gippoliti 2006; Lawes et al. 2013)." 39828,Pygathrix nigripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Pygathrix,nigripes,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1871)","While it has been suggested that this species likely hybridizes with the Red-shanked Douc Langur, Pygathrix nemaeus, where their distributions meet in Viet Nam and Cambodia this has yet to be confirmed by genetic analysis." 40789,Trachypithecus hatinhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,hatinhensis,,,,,"(Dao, 1970)","This species is here considered monotypic (Groves 2001).

The different records of Trachypithecus hatinhensis across its range show wide variation in morphology in terms of the pattern of white hairs on the head (especially so in Lao PDR). Published description of the different species included in the François’s-group vary (the morphologically closest being T. francoisi, T. hatinhensis, [T. ebenus], and T. laotum). It has been suggested that [T. ebenus] was a distinct species from T. hatinhensis (Brandon-Jones, 1995) but has also been considered to be a melanistic variant of T. hatinhensis (Nadler 2009). The taxonomic position of [T. ebenus] remains unresolved due to lack of evidence from DNA analysis.

The two named forms living closest by are T. hatinhensis and [T. ebenus] (see Timmins and Khounboline 1996; Walston and Vinton 1999; Nadler et al. 2003). The former is conventionally seen as having a bold white facial stripe including moustache and white marks on the nape, the latter an all-black head (e.g. Brandon-Jones 1995, Francis 2008). Moreover, Nadler et al. (2003) stated that T. (f.) hatinhensis shows a white moustache but T. (f.) francoisi, otherwise similar in head pattern, lacks one." 22691744,Ducula brenchleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,brenchleyi,,,,,"(Gray, 1870)", 137567,Aulacopris reichei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Aulacopris,reichei,,,,,"White, 1859","

The endemic Australian genus Aulacopris White, 1859 comprises three species (Matthews 1974, T. Weir pers. comm. and G.B. Monteith pers. comm.).

" 190500977,Thaumatoperla alpina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,PLECOPTERA,EUSTHENIIDAE,Thaumatoperla,alpina,,,,,"Burns & Neboiss, 1957",Each of the three river catchments in which this species occurs holds a genetically distinct subpopulation (J. Mynott pers. comm. 2021). 189549979,Synemon ignita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,CASTNIIDAE,Synemon,ignita,,,,,"Kallies & Edwards, 2016", 189551442,Requena kangaroo,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Requena,kangaroo,,,,,"Rentz, 2001", 194591468,Maratus sarahae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,SALTICIDAE,Maratus,sarahae,,,,,"Waldock, 2013", 190497387,Kosciuscola usitatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,usitatus,,,,,"Rehn, 1957","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work currently in preparation has identified species-level clades within K. tristis, K. cuneatus and K. usitatus, and confirms that K. cognatus as presently understood is paraphyletic with respect to K. tasmanicus (Umbers et al. 2021).

Work is ongoing to resolve the relationships between members of the K. usitatus clade sensu lato, and the traditional concept is applied here pending full resolution of this species' taxonomy." 80340731,Austrarchaea monteithi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Austrarchaea,monteithi,,,,,"Rix & Harvey, 2011", 80349786,Zephyrarchaea austini,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Zephyrarchaea,austini,,,,,"Rix & Harvey, 2012", 189551007,Nanodectes platycercus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,TETTIGONIIDAE,Nanodectes,platycercus,,,,,"Rentz, 1985", 190512630,Polyzosteria viridissima,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,BLATTODEA,BLATTIDAE,Polyzosteria,viridissima,,,,,"Shelford, 1909", 189556985,Opaluma unicornis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,STRATIOMYIDAE,Opaluma,unicornis,,,,,"Lessard & Woodley, 2020", 189557008,Opaluma iridescens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,STRATIOMYIDAE,Opaluma,iridescens,,,,,"Lessard & Woodley, 2020", 189556853,Opaluma ednae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,STRATIOMYIDAE,Opaluma,ednae,,,,,"Lessard & Woodley, 2020", 189553846,Nunciella kangarooensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,TRIAENONYCHIDAE,Nunciella,kangarooensis,,,,,"Hunt, 1971", 190497027,Kosciuscola cuneatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,cuneatus,,,,,"Rehn, 1957","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. cuneatus, with strong evidence that K. cuneatus proper is restricted to the Australian Capital Territory and northern New South Wales mountains (Umbers et al. 2021) and the remaining clades within K. cuneatus being undescribed species. 

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. cuneatus pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 190459817,Kosciuscola cognatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,cognatus,,,,,"Rehn, 1957","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has confirmed that K. cognatus as presently understood is paraphyletic with respect to K. tasmanicus (Umbers et al. 2021). The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. cognatus pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners.

Further research may be needed to confirm that the name Kosciuscola cognatus is applicable to the species concept applied here, as two major clades exist within this complex (Umbers et al. 2021). Comparisons with the holotype are needed to determine the appropriate usage of this name. Range limits between the two clades of K. cognatus are unclear, but seem to be divided based on elevation with ‘true’ K. cognatus inhabiting lower elevation sites" 196174807,Keyacris scurra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,MORABIDAE,Keyacris,scurra,,,,,"(Rehn, 1952)", 196174760,Blakistonia bassi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,IDIOPIDAE,Blakistonia,bassi,,,,,"Harrison, Rix, Harvey & Austin, 2018", 80337495,Austrarchaea mcguiganae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,ARANEAE,ARCHAEIDAE,Austrarchaea,mcguiganae,,,,,"Rix & Harvey, 2011", 190513532,Agrotis infusa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NOCTUIDAE,Agrotis,infusa,,,,,"(Boisduval, 1832)", 189556509,Antissella purprasina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,STRATIOMYIDAE,Antissella,purprasina,,,,,"Lessard & Woodley, 2021", 22691749,Ducula bakeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,bakeri,,,,,"(Kinnear, 1928)", 22680225,Anas melleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,melleri,,,,,"P.L. Sclater, 1865", 22678602,Megapodius freycinet,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,freycinet,,,,,"Gaimard, 1823", 39849,Trachypithecus mauritius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,mauritius,,,,,"(Griffith, 1821)","

Simia mauritius Griffith was for many years considered to be a Long-tailed Macaque, Macaca fascicularis from Mauritius. Brandon-Jones (1995), however, established its identity as a west Javan Ebony Leaf Monkey, a subspecies of what he referred to as the Semnopithecus auratus superspecies. The type specimen was evidently destroyed, but he assigned a type locality: Jasinga (6°29'S 106°27'E), Banten Province, Java, Indonesia. It was considered a subspecies of T. auratus by Groves (2001, 2005) and Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), but Roos et al. (2008) determined that it was a distinct species.

" 196329948,Kosciuscola sp. nov. 1 'K. tristis Bogong Clade',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,sp. nov. 1 'K. tristis Bogong Clade',,,,,"K. Umbers et al., in prep.","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. tristis.

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. tristis pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 196329976,Kosciuscola sp. nov. 2 'K. tristis Hotham and Sth Vic Clade',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,sp. nov. 2 'K. tristis Hotham and Sth Vic Clade',,,,,"K. Umbers et al., in prep.","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. tristis.

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. tristis pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 196329994,Kosciuscola sp. nov. 3 'K. cuneatus Sth NSW Clade',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,sp. nov. 3 'K. cuneatus Sth NSW Clade',,,,,"K. Umbers et al., in prep.","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. cuneatus, with strong evidence that K. cuneatus proper is restricted to the Australian Capital Territory and northern New South Wales mountains (Umbers et al. 2021) and the remaining clades within K. cuneatus are undescribed species.

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. cuneatus pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 196330106,Kosciuscola sp. nov. 4 'K. cuneatus Bogong Clade',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,sp. nov. 4 'K. cuneatus Bogong Clade',,,,,"K. Umbers et al., in prep.","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. cuneatus, with strong evidence that K. cuneatus proper is restricted to the Australian Capital Territory and northern New South Wales mountains (Umbers et al. 2021) and the remaining clades within K. cuneatus are undescribed species.

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. cuneatus pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 196330133,Kosciuscola sp. nov. 5 'K. cuneatus Mt Buffalo and Sth Vic Clade',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,sp. nov. 5 'K. cuneatus Mt Buffalo and Sth Vic Clade',,,,,"K. Umbers et al., in prep.","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. cuneatus, with strong evidence that K. cuneatus proper is restricted to the Australian Capital Territory and northern New South Wales mountains (Umbers et al. 2021) and the remaining clades within K. cuneatus are undescribed species.

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. cuneatus pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 196330465,Kosciuscola sp. nov. 8 'K. cognatus NSW and Vic Clade',ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,sp. nov. 8 'K. cognatus NSW and Vic Clade',,,,,"K. Umbers et al., in prep.","Two major clades exist within the K. cognatus complex (Umbers et al. 2021) So far as is presently known, the species assessed here does not range as far as the K. cognatus type locality in the Australian Capital Territory and so it is treated as an undescribed form, but it is possible that this taxon may range into the ACT and comparisons with the holotype are needed to determine to which of the two lineages the name K. cognatus properly applies. Range limits between the two clades are unclear, but seem to be elevational with this undescribed clade being restricted to high elevations. Molecular work has confirmed that K. cognatus as presently understood is paraphyletic with respect to K. tasmanicus (Umbers et al. 2021).

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is here considered sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. cognatus pending formal publication of the forthcoming taxonomic revision, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 55894,Pseudacris nigrita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,nigrita,,,,,"(LeConte, 1825)", 54413,Ascaphus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ASCAPHIDAE,Ascaphus,montanus,,,,,"Mittleman & Myers, 1949", 54414,Ascaphus truei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ASCAPHIDAE,Ascaphus,truei,,,,,"Stejneger, 1899", 54612,Anaxyrus cognatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,cognatus,,,,,"(Say in James, 1822)", 54640,Anaxyrus fowleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,fowleri,,,,,"(Hinckley, 1882)", 54661,Anaxyrus hemiophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Anaxyrus,hemiophrys,,,,,"(Cope, 1886)",Anaxyrus baxteri was formerly included in this species. 55287,Acris gryllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Acris,gryllus,,,,,"(LeConte, 1825)", 55448,Dryophytes chrysoscelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,chrysoscelis,,,,,"Cope, 1880","This species is not easily distinguished from the very similar Hyla versicolor in most published literature; it is distinguished by chromosomes, erythrocyte size (Matson 1990), and call characteristics.

The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes." 55481,Dryophytes femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,femoralis,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55495,Dryophytes gratiosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,gratiosus,,,,,"(LeConte, 1856)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 55889,Pseudacris brimleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,brimleyi,,,,,"Brandt & Walker, 1933", 55895,Pseudacris ocularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,ocularis,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1838)", 55896,Pseudacris ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Pseudacris,ornata,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1836)", 58553,Rana aurora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,aurora,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1852",Shaffer et al. (2004) presented genetic evidence supporting the recognition of Rana aurora and R. draytonii as distinct species. 58562,Lithobates blairi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,blairi,,,,,"(Mecham, Littlejohn, Oldham, Brown & Brown, 1973)", 58614,Lithobates heckscheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,heckscheri,,,,,"(Wright, 1924)", 58649,Rana luteiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,luteiventris,,,,,"Thompson, 1913",Green et al. (1997) recognized Rana luteiventris as a distinct species from Rana pretiosa. 58747,Lithobates virgatipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Lithobates,virgatipes,,,,,"(Cope, 1891)", 59042,Scaphiopus holbrookii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SCAPHIOPODIDAE,Scaphiopus,holbrookii,,,,,"(Harlan, 1835)","Scaphiopus hurterii formerly was regarded as a subspecies of S. holbrookii, but checklists (Crother et al. 2000, Collins and Taggart 2002) have treated it as a distinct species. Garcia-Paris et al. (2003) used mtDNA to examine the phylogentic relationships of Pelobatoidea and found that the family Pelobatidae, as previously defined, is not monophyletic (Pelobates is sister to Megophryidae, not to Spea/Scaphiopus). They separated the Pelobatidae into two families: Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates), which retain the name Pelobatidae; and North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus, Spea), which make up the revived family Scaphiopodidae." 59043,Scaphiopus hurterii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SCAPHIOPODIDAE,Scaphiopus,hurterii,,,,,"Strecker, 1910","Scaphiopus hurterii was formerly regarded as a subspecies of S. holbrookii, but checklists (Crother et al. 2000, Collins and Taggart 2002) have treated it as a distinct species. Garcia-Paris et al. (2003) used mtDNA to examine the phylogentic relationships of Pelobatoidea and found that the family Pelobatidae, as previously defined, is not monophyletic (Pelobates is sister to Megophryidae, not to Spea/Scaphiopus). They separated the Pelobatidae into two families: Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates), which retain the name Pelobatidae; and North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus, Spea), which make up the revived family Scaphiopodidae." 59044,Spea bombifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SCAPHIOPODIDAE,Spea,bombifrons,,,,,"(Cope, 1863)","Garcia-Paris et al. (2003) used mtDNA to examine the phylogentic relationships of Pelobatoidea and found that the family Pelobatidae, as previously defined, is not monophyletic (Pelobates is sister to Megophryidae, not to Spea/Scaphiopus). They separated the Pelobatidae into two families: Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates), which retain the name Pelobatidae; and North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus, Spea), which make up the revived family Scaphiopodidae." 59046,Spea intermontana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,SCAPHIOPODIDAE,Spea,intermontana,,,,,"(Cope, 1883)","Garcia-Paris et al. (2003) used mtDNA to examine the phylogentic relationships of Pelobatoidea and found that the family Pelobatidae, as previously defined, is not monophyletic (Pelobates is sister to Megophryidae, not to Spea/Scaphiopus). They separated the Pelobatidae into two families: Eurasian spadefoot toads (Pelobates), which retain the name Pelobatidae; and North American spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus, Spea), which make up the revived family Scaphiopodidae." 59052,Ambystoma annulatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,annulatum,,,,,"Cope, 1886", 59057,Ambystoma gracile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,gracile,,,,,"(Baird, 1857)", 59059,Ambystoma jeffersonianum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,jeffersonianum,,,,,"(Green, 1827)", 59063,Ambystoma macrodactylum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,macrodactylum,,,,,"Baird, 1850", 59071,Ambystoma texanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,texanum,,,,,"(Matthes, 1855)", 59081,Dicamptodon tenebrosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Dicamptodon,tenebrosus,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1852)", 59254,Desmognathus ocoee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,ocoee,,,,,"Nicholls, 1949","This species was removed from synonymy with Desmognathus ochrophaeus (Tilley and Mahoney 1996, Frost 2014)." 59256,Desmognathus quadramaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Desmognathus,quadramaculatus,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1840)",Camp et al. (2002) elevated the form Desmognathus folkertsi to specific status. 59260,Ensatina eschscholtzii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Ensatina,eschscholtzii,,,,,"Gray, 1850","This polytypic, ring species includes taxa that form a semicomplex of more than one species." 59265,Eurycea guttolineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,guttolineata,,,,,"(Holbrook, 1838)",Bonett et al. (2013) indicate that this species is the sister taxon to Eurycea longicauda longicauda. 59268,Eurycea longicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,longicauda,,,,,"(Green, 1818)",Eurycea guttolineata was formerly included in this species. Bonett et al. (2013) study suggests that the two nominal subspecies Eurycea longicauda longicauda and Eurycea longicauda melanopleura could potentially be two distinct species as they are more closely related to other taxa than to each other. 59269,Eurycea lucifuga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,lucifuga,,,,,"Rafinesque, 1822", 59279,Eurycea wilderae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Eurycea,wilderae,,,,,"Dunn, 1920",Bonett et al. (2013) study suggests that this is the sister species to part of Eurycea cirrigera. 59286,Hydromantes platycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Hydromantes,platycephalus,,,,,"(Camp, 1916)","Rovito (2010) indicates that there are two very divergent mtDNA lineages within this species which correspond to the northern and southern parts of the range, with a break between the lineages occurring in the Mammoth Lake region of central Sierra Nevada." 59335,Plethodon cylindraceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,cylindraceus,,,,,"(Harlan, 1825)",This species is part of the Plethodon glutinosus complex. It is not universally accepted as a valid species (Petranka 1998). It was accepted as a distinct species by Crother et al. (2000). 59336,Plethodon dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,dorsalis,,,,,"Cope, 1889",Plethodon ventralis and P. angusticlavius were formerly included in P. dorsalis (Highton 1997). 59337,Plethodon dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,dunni,,,,,"Bishop, 1934", 59338,Plethodon electromorphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,electromorphus,,,,,"Highton, 1999", 59341,Plethodon hoffmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,hoffmani,,,,,"Highton, 1972",This species was included in Plethodon richmondi prior to 1972. Plethodon virginia was formerly included in this species (Highton 1999). 59342,Plethodon idahoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,idahoensis,,,,,"Slater & Slipp, 1940", 59344,Plethodon kentucki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,kentucki,,,,,"Mittleman, 1951", 59348,Plethodon metcalfi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,metcalfi,,,,,"Brimley, 1912",This species was removed from synonymy with Plethodon jordani (Highton and Peabody 2000). 59349,Plethodon montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,montanus,,,,,"Highton & Peabody, 2000",This species was split from Plethodon jordani (Highton and Peabody 2000). 59352,Plethodon richmondi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,richmondi,,,,,"Netting & Mittleman, 1938","Highton (1999) removed certain biological populations from this species and recognized them as a distinct species, Plethodon electromorphus, based on allele frequencies." 59354,Plethodon serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,serratus,,,,,"Grobman, 1944", 59356,Plethodon teyahalee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,teyahalee,,,,,"Hairston, 1950", 59358,Plethodon vehiculum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,vehiculum,,,,,"(Cooper, 1860)", 59359,Plethodon ventralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,ventralis,,,,,"Highton, 1997", 59364,Plethodon yonahlossee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Plethodon,yonahlossee,,,,,"Dunn, 1917","This species includes the junior synonym Plethodon longicrus, which was resurrected in 2006 (Wiens et al. 2006) but subsequently synonymized with P. yonahlossee again by Highton et al. (2012)." 59404,Pseudotriton ruber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Pseudotriton,ruber,,,,,"(Sonnini de Manoncourt & Latreille, 1801)", 59469,Taricha granulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Taricha,granulosa,,,,,"(Skilton, 1849)", 59489,Pseudobranchus axanthus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SIRENIDAE,Pseudobranchus,axanthus,,,,,"(Netting & Goin, 1942)", 59490,Pseudobranchus striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SIRENIDAE,Pseudobranchus,striatus,,,,,"(LeConte, 1824)",Pseudobranchus axanthus was formerly included in this species (Frost 2021). 199970,Ambystoma mavortium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,mavortium,,,,,"Baird, 1850","This species has had a complex taxonomic history with other Ambystomatids such as Ambystoma tigrinum, A. velasci and A. californiense (Frost 2011). There are five recognized subspecies of A. mavortium (Crother 2012), based mainly on colour patterns and geographic distribution; the validity of the subspecies has not been examined recently." 83293207,Ambystoma tigrinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,AMBYSTOMATIDAE,Ambystoma,tigrinum,,,,,"(Green, 1825)",This is a restricted concept of Ambystoma tigrinum following the split of A. mavortium from the broader concept. 196344474,Trachypithecus popa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,popa,,,,,"Roos, Helgen, Miguez, Thant, Lwin, A.K. Lin, A. Lin, Yi, Soe, Hein, Myint, Ahmed, Chetry, Urh, Veatch, Duncan, Kamminga, Chua, Yao, Matauschek, Meyer, Liu, Li, Nadler, Fan, Quyet, Hofreiter, Zinner & Momberg, 2020", 22685672,Psittacara erythrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,erythrogenys,,,,,"Lesson, 1844",Psittacara erythrogenys (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aratinga. 22716767,Crossleyia xanthophrys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Crossleyia,xanthophrys,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1875)", 196429436,Microcebus jonahi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,jonahi,,,,,"Schüßler, Blanco, Salmona, Poelstra, Andriambeloson, Miller, Randrianambinina, Rasolofoson, Mantilla-Contreras, Chikhi, Louis Jr., Yoder, & Radespiel, 2020", 22679106,Rollulus rouloul,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Rollulus,rouloul,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22693107,Gallinago macrodactyla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,macrodactyla,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1839", 22691465,Ptilinopus rarotongensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,rarotongensis,,,,,"Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871", 136843,Lepilemur ahmansoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,ahmansoni,,,,,"Louis Jr., Engberg, Lei, Geng, Sommer, Randriamampionona, Randriamanana, Zaonarivelo, Andriantompohavana, Randria, Prosper, Ramaromilanto, Rakotoarisoa, Rooney & Brenneman, 2006","The original Latin species name (ahmansoni) stems from the naming of the species after a man, Robert Ahmanson. The species has occasionally been incorrectly referred to as ahmansonorum (e.g. Hoffmann et al. 2009) and ahmansorum but the species should be referred to using the original Latin name.

Tattersall (2007) has cautioned that the Lepilemur species reported by Louis et al. 2006 (that were diagnosed exclusively on genetic distance and all allopatric) be treated with extreme caution until supporting data are forthcoming. However, Lei et al. (2016) subsequently established through delimitation analyses of mitogenomic data, that this species is valid despite allopatry." 59406,Stereochilus marginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Stereochilus,marginatus,,,,,"(Hallowell, 1856)", 55403,Dryophytes avivoca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dryophytes,avivoca,,,,,"(Viosca, 1928)",The genus Dryophytes was resurrected from synonymy under Hyla by Duellman et al. (2016) and this species was transferred from Hyla to Dryophytes. 19596,Rhinopithecus roxellana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Rhinopithecus,roxellana,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1870)","

The three presently recognized subspecies (roxellana, hubeiensis, qinlingensis) differ from one another mainly in tail length, as well as in certain features of skeletal structure and width of dental arch (Groves 2001). No genetic separation into distinct clades and therefore the sub-specific designation.

" 157877009,Pseudobatos buthi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,RHINOBATIDAE,Pseudobatos,buthi,,,,,"Rutledge, 2019","The species can be distinguished from the similar regional congener, the Shovelnose Guitarfish (Pseudobatos productus) by a narrower disc width and shorter distance between nostril and disc margin (Rutledge et al. 2019)." 62293270,Psittacara frontatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psittacara,frontatus,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1846)","Psittacara wagleri and P. frontatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously placed in the genus Aratinga and lumped as A. wagleri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22690056,Eleothreptus anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Eleothreptus,anomalus,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22685572,Ara rubrogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,rubrogenys,,,,,"Lafresnaye, 1847", 22731855,Threskiornis bernieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,THRESKIORNITHIDAE,Threskiornis,bernieri,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1855)", 22041,Trachypithecus pileatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,pileatus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1843)","Four subspecies were recognized by Groves (2005), although their validity was in some doubt as it was thought that seasonal variation in pelage colour may account for at least some variation. This has been reviewed recently and distinct hair patterns have been used (Choudhury 2014). Choudhury (2014) recognizes three subspecies: Trachypithecus pileatus pileatus, T. p. brahma and T. p. tenebricus." 85333513,Pipistrellus pipistrellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,pipistrellus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)","The type species, Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) was only separated from its sibling Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 2003, following Jones and Barratt (1999). Older information may therefore refer to either, or both species. " 22685542,Ara glaucogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Ara,glaucogularis,,,,,"Dabbene, 1921", 22685593,Primolius couloni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Primolius,couloni,,,,,"(P.L. Sclater, 1876)", 22709840,Cossypha heinrichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cossypha,heinrichi,,,,,"Rand, 1955", 157856975,Lurifax japonicus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,ORBITESTELLIDAE,Lurifax,japonicus,,,,,"Sasaki & Okutani, 2005", 157866722,Helicoradomenia parathermalis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,SOLENOGASTRES,CAVIBELONIA,SIMROTHIELIIDAE,Helicoradomenia,parathermalis,,,,,"Salvini-Plawen, 2008", 157857425,Sutilizona theca,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,SUTILIZONIDAE,Sutilizona,theca,,,,,"McLean, 1989", 157857480,Sutilizona tunnicliffae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LEPETELLIDA,SUTILIZONIDAE,Sutilizona,tunnicliffae,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 49145276,Argyrosomus heinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Argyrosomus,heinii,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1902)", 49145710,Aspericorvina jubata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Aspericorvina,jubata,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1855)", 49145872,Atrobucca adusta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,adusta,,,,,"Sasaki & Kailola, 1988", 49167164,Atrobucca brevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,brevis,,,,,"Sasaki & Kailola, 1988", 49167992,Atrobucca geniae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atrobucca,geniae,,,,,"Ben-Tuvia & Trewavas, 1987", 49169558,Austronibea oedogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Austronibea,oedogenys,,,,,"Trewavas, 1977", 49169667,Bahaba polykladiskos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Bahaba,polykladiskos,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1852)",Bahaba polykladiskos should be classified under the genus Boesemania (N.L. Chao in prep. 2019). 49177273,Johnius australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,australis,,,,,"(Günther, 1880)",This species has been confused with other Johnius species. 49177958,Johnius cantori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,cantori,,,,,"Bleeker, 1874", 49178121,Johnius carutta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,carutta,,,,,"Bloch, 1793", 49181204,Johnius heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,heterolepis,,,,,"Bleeker, 1873",This species is often confused with other Johnius spp. (N.L. Chao pers. comm. 2016). 49181248,Johnius hypostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,hypostoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 49181363,Johnius latifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,latifrons,,,,,"Sasaki, 1992", 49181447,Johnius macropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,macropterus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1853)", 49181520,Johnius macrorhynus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,macrorhynus,,,,,"(Mohan, 1976)", 49181824,Johnius pacificus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,pacificus,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1941", 49182018,Johnius plagiostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,plagiostoma,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 49182073,Johnius trachycephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,trachycephalus,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1851)", 49182775,Larimichthys pamoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Larimichthys,pamoides,,,,,"(Munro, 1964)", 49186882,Nibea leptolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,leptolepis,,,,,"(Ogilby, 1918)", 49187023,Nibea microgenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,microgenys,,,,,"Sasaki, 1992", 49187192,Nibea soldado,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,soldado,,,,,"(Lacepède, 1802)", 49187516,Nibea squamosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Nibea,squamosa,,,,,"Sasaki, 1992", 49188278,Panna microdon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Panna,microdon,,,,,"(Bleeker, 1849)", 49188296,Panna perarmatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Panna,perarmatus,,,,,"(Chabanaud, 1926)", 49188448,Paranibea semiluctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Paranibea,semiluctuosa,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1830)", 49188506,Pennahia anea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pennahia,anea,,,,,"(Bloch, 1793)", 49188621,Pennahia pawak,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Pennahia,pawak,,,,,"(Lin, 1940)", 91602885,Johnius weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Johnius,weberi,,,,,"Hardenberg, 1936", 143617001,Atractoscion macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SCIAENIDAE,Atractoscion,macrolepis,,,,,"Song, Kim & Kim, 2017", 196926124,Vitrea melovskii,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,PRISTILOMATIDAE,Vitrea,melovskii,,,,,"Dedov, 2021", 22687187,Lophornis gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Lophornis,gouldii,,,,,"(Lesson, 1833)", 22695225,Gyps coprotheres,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,coprotheres,,,,,"(Forster, 1798)", 2762,Berardius arnuxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,ZIPHIIDAE,Berardius,arnuxii,,,,,"Duvernoy, 1851","Some researchers have suggested that Baird’s and Arnoux’s Beaked Whales are members of the same species (see Kasuya 2009), but the lack of known morphological differences may simply be due to the small number of measured specimens (especially for Arnoux’s Beaked Whale). Analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear intron sequence data has however revealed multiple fixed genetic differences, confirming that these species are reproductively isolated and valid taxonomic entities (Dalebout 2002, 2004). The species name has frequently been misspelled arnouxi or arnuxi. However, the generic and specific name given by Duvernoy (1851) was Berardius arnuxii. The type specimen was collected during the exploring voyage of the French corvette Rhin while in New Zealand. Berardius is from the name of the Le Rhin’s captain Auguste Bérard and the arnuxii is from the ship’s surgeon M. Arnoux who collected the specimen near Akaroa, New Zealand and presented the skull to the Paris Museum of Natural History in 1846. Unfortunately, Duvernoy misspelled the species name, omitting the 'o'." 22736369,Icterus northropi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Icterus,northropi,,,,,"Allen, 1890", 172568,Rhampholeon chapmanorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Rhampholeon,chapmanorum,,,,,"Tilbury, 1992","There are several localities in Mozambique (Mt. Namuli, Mt. Mabu) which were originally suspected to contain populations of Rhampholeon chapmanorum (Tilbury 2010). However, molecular phylogenetic analysis confirms that R. chapmanorum is endemic to remaining forest fragments on Malawi Hill, and the Mozambican localities are home to separate species of Rhampholeon (Branch et al. 2014)." 47102972,Marisora aurulae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Marisora,aurulae,,,,,"Hedges & Conn, 2012", 78017839,Bufo gargarizans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufo,gargarizans,,,,,"Cantor, 1842","Fu et al. (2005) synonymized Bufo andrewsi, Ye et al. (1993) synonymized Bufo minshanicus, Zhan and Fu (2011) synonymized Bufo tibetanus, Fei et al. (2009) synonymized Bufo wolongensis, and Fei et al. (2009) synonymized Bufo kabischi with Bufo gargarizans (Frost 2015)." 197258416,Leucoraja elaineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Leucoraja,elaineae,,,,,"Ebert & Leslie, 2019","This recently described species can be distinguished from the regional congener the Yellowspotted Skate (Leucoraja wallacei) by its elongated snout and a dorsal surface pattern of a single ocelli at the mid-base of each pectoral fin, paired small white spots, and no banding on its tail (Ebert and Leslie 2019).

" 197258574,Squalus boretzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,boretzi,,,,,"Dolganov, 2019","The newly described species differs from congeneric North Pacific species (S. mitsukurii and S. japonicus) in having fewer vertebrae, larger dorsal fin bases with a shorter interdorsal space, and a more posterior origin of the pelvic fins (Dolganov 2019, Viana and Carvalho 2020)." 197258874,Arctoraja sexoculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Arctoraja,sexoculata,,,,,"(Misawa, Orlov, Orlova, Gordeev & Ishihara, 2020)","This recently described species is distinguished by a lack of mid-dorsal thorns, three pairs of white blotches on the dorsal disc surface, and dark bands on the mid-ventral line of the tail (Misawa et al. 2020).

" 1892,Apodemus flavicollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,flavicollis,,,,,"(Melchior, 1834)","It is very probable that Apodemus ponticus and A. flavicollis are conspecific, and that their recognition as different species arose because the Cold War prevented comparison of populations on either side of the Iron Curtain (B. Kryštufek and V. Vohralik pers. comm. 2006). A. ponticus was reported by Russian authors from the Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Authors who studied Apodemus from most northeastern Turkey (close to the Georgian border) did not find any difference between these populations and other Turkish populations of A. flavicollis (Frynta et al. 2001, Macholan et al. 2001, B. Kryštufek unpubl. data). Individuals captured on the Turkey-Georgia border formed fertile hybrids with A. flavicollis from Austria (Steiner 1978). Thus, the range of ponticus is arbitrarily defined by political borders: populations from the extreme NE Turkey (close to Georgian border) are classified as flavicollis, those across the border as ponticus. If the Asiatic phylogroup of A. flavicollis is indeed an independent species, than arianus predates all other names, including ponticus (B. Kryštufek pers. comm. 2006)." 1898,Apodemus mystacinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,mystacinus,,,,,"(Danford & Alston, 1877)",A. mystacinus has been split into two separate species: A. mystacinus and A. epimelas (Wilson and Reeder 2005). 1904,Apodemus sylvaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Apodemus,sylvaticus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 2149,Arvicola amphibius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Arvicola,amphibius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Linnaeus' amphibius and terrestris, both proposed in 1758 on the same page, are now considered conspecific by most researchers. As shown by Corbet (1978), amphibius has a priority over terrestris, based on Blasius (1857) as the first reviser. Recently, this species was split into A. amphibius and A. scherman (Panteleyev 2001, Wilson and Reeder 2005). Arvicola amphibius is larger, with shaggy pelage and ortodont incisors, and is associated with aquatic environment; A. scherman is smaller, with softer pelage, more reduced plantar and palmar tubercles, and the upper incisors strongly projecting forwards and has fossorial habits (Panteleyev 2001). Mitochondrial phylogeny based on sequences of 800 to 1,200 BP of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene suggests taxonomy of A. amphibius group to be more complex: three main groups were distinguished within A. amphibius: (1) strictly fossorial water voles from the mountain regions of Europe, (2) aquatic and transitional populations living south of the Alps, and (3) a heterogeneous group of the remaining aquatic populations (Wust Saucy 1998)." 39316,Glis glis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Glis,glis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",Was Myoxus glis but now transferred to Glis. 13454,Microtus levis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,levis,,,,,"Miller, 1908","Synonyms include M. rossiaemeridionalis, M. subarvalis and M. epiroticus (Wilson and Reeder 2005)." 92411527,Cercopithecus pogonias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Cercopithecus,pogonias,,,,,"Bennett, 1833","

This is a species in the Cercopithecus mona group, recognised by Gautier-Hion (2013), who followed Groves (2001, 2005).


Subspecies: C. pogonias pogonias, C. p. nigripes, C. p. grayi and a fourth, C. p. schwarzianus not recognised by Gautier-Hion (2013), but recognised by Groves (2001, 2005). Grubb et al. (2003) left the latter in synonymy. There may be a large hybrid area in the Atlantic coastal basin between the Sanaga River (Cameroon), the Ivindo River (Gabon) and the upstream tributaries of the Congo River in southeastern Cameroon (Gautier-Hion 2013). The Dja River may form part of these limits.

" 9421,Gracilinanus microtarsus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Gracilinanus,microtarsus,,,,,"Wagner, 1842", 9419,Gracilinanus emiliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Gracilinanus,emiliae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1909)","Voss et al. (2001) reported the following: ""Systematic research with nonvolant mammal specimens collected as voucher material resulted in the discovery of new taxa, documented range extensions of previously described species, and helped resolve many longstanding taxonomic problems: (1) Gracilinanus emiliae (Thomas), herein reported for the first time from French Guiana, is redescribed and its known geographic distribution documented; based on examination of type material and original descriptions, G. longicaudus Hershkovitz is considered a junior synonym of G. emiliae, but Marmosa agricolai Moojen is not....""" 13695,Monodelphis iheringi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,iheringi,,,,,"Thomas, 1888", 40514,Monodelphis domestica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,domestica,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)", 40520,Thylamys velutinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,velutinus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)", 136653,Thylamys karimii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Thylamys,karimii,,,,,"(Petter, 1968)", 40505,Marmosa murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,murina,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","This species is currently under revision by Rogerio Vieira Rossi (Museum Zool Sao Paulo), and is likely to be split into three species." 40510,Marmosa demerarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,demerarae,,,,,"(O. Thomas, 1905)","All species of Micoureus are now considered as subgenus of Marmosa (Voss and Jansa 2009)." 40511,Marmosa regina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,regina,,,,,"O. Thomas, 1898","All species of Micoureus are now considered as subgenus of Marmosa (Voss and Jansa 2009). It may be a species complex." 9422,Hyladelphys kalinowskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Hyladelphys,kalinowskii,,,,,"P. Hershkovitz, 1992","Voss et al. (2001) place this in a separate genus Hyladelphys, and have expanded the range to French Guiana. Further taxonomic study may divide this species into several separate species, which would require evaluation of their threat status (Patton pers. comm.)." 11856,Lestodelphys halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Lestodelphys,halli,,,,,"(Thomas, 1921)", 3648,Caluromys lanatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Caluromys,lanatus,,,,,"(Olfers, 1818)","Ojeda and Monjeau (1995) argued that Caluromys lanatus dates from Illiger (1815), not from Olfers (1818). However, as pointed out by Hershkovitz (1959), Illiger’s name (Didelphys lanata) is a nomen nudum because it simply appeared on a list and lacked a description or indication (Pinto and Gardner 2004)." 40500,Didelphis aurita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Didelphis,aurita,,,,,"(Wied-Neuwied, 1826)", 40501,Didelphis marsupialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Didelphis,marsupialis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 40489,Didelphis albiventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Didelphis,albiventris,,,,,"Lund, 1840","Didelphis paraguayensis (=D. albiventris) is the type species of Leucodidelphis Ihering, 1914 (Gardner 2005)." 40515,Philander andersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Philander,andersoni,,,,,"(Osgood, 1913)", 136501,Philander mcilhennyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Philander,mcilhennyi,,,,,"Gardner & Patton, 1972", 40509,Metachirus nudicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Metachirus,nudicaudatus,,,,,"(É. Geoffroy, 1803)","Molecular phylogenetics studies (Costa 2003, Patton and Costa 2003) showed high sequences divergences between specimens from different regions. These results suggest the possibility of there being more than one species named nudicaudatus (Silva 2005). The genus is under taxonomic review." 136545,Cryptonanus agricolai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Cryptonanus,agricolai,,,,,"(Moojen, 1943)",Gracilinanus is the generic synonym (Gardner 2008). 136749,Cryptonanus unduaviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Cryptonanus,unduaviensis,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)", 136705,Cryptonanus guahybae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Cryptonanus,guahybae,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)", 40508,Marmosops noctivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,noctivagus,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)","This species includes Marmosops dorothea (Voss et al., 2004)." 12822,Marmosops incanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,incanus,,,,,"(Lund, 1840)", 12824,Marmosops parvidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,parvidens,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)", 136278,Marmosops paulensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,paulensis,,,,,"(Tate, 1931)", 136830,Marmosops neblina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosops,neblina,,,,,"Gardner, 1990", 62144610,Neomorphus geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Neomorphus,geoffroyi,,,,,"(Temminck, 1820)","Neomorphus geoffroyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as N. geoffroyi and N. squamiger following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 3649,Caluromys philander,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Caluromys,philander,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","The northern Venezuelan subpopulations, including Margarita Island and Trinidad, likely represent a distinct species, which is currently under revision by Perez-Hernandez and Lopez-Fuster (Lew and Soriano pers. comm.)." 97249272,Monodelphis glirina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,glirina,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)",This species was formerly considered to be part of M. brevicaudata (Voss et al. 2001). It now includes M. maraxina as a junior synonym (Pavan et al. 2014). 136844,Marmosa paraguayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Marmosa,paraguayana,,,,,"Tate, 1931","All species of Micoureus are now considered as subgenus of Marmosa (Voss and Jansa 2009)." 96866849,Monodelphis americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,DIDELPHIMORPHIA,DIDELPHIDAE,Monodelphis,americana,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)",The species includes Monodelphis rubida and M. umbristriatus as synonyms (Pavan et al. 2014). 22734928,Milvus aegyptius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Milvus,aegyptius,,,,,"(J.F. Gmelin, 1788)","

Milvus aegyptius (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) has been split from Black Kite Milvus migrans (del Hoyo et al. 2014)

Yellow-billed Kite Milvus aegyptius (with subspecies parasitus) differs from M. migrans by its
·       Yellow vs black bill (3);
·       Dark vs pale iris in adult state (2);
·       Head and nape concolorous with upper body vs pale grey streaked black, contrasting with dark brown mantle (2);
·       Finer black streaking below (ns[2])
·       Wing (from BWP2) male 423 (7.6; n9) vs 447 (10.5; n15), effect size 2.62 (2).

Some Arabian birds (treated as arabicus in some places but synonymised with aegyptius in the Checklist) show some features of migrans (Forsman 2016)." 612,Afroedura hawequensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,hawequensis,,,,,"Mouton & Mostert, 1985",No taxonomic issues. 2817,Bitis inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,inornata,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)","A phylogenetic study indicates that Bitis inornata, B. albanica, B. armata and B. rubida form a closely related species complex (Barlow et al. 2019) and the relationships between these taxa is worthy of further investigation." 3009,Bradypodion nemorale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,nemorale,,,,,"Raw, 1978","Originally described from Qudeni and Nkandla forests (Raw 1978), although the Nkandla subpopulation was later described as Bradypodion nkandlae (Raw and Brothers 2008). This was based on juvenile specimens which lacked clear diagnostic morphological differences with which to distinguish it from the Qudeni subpopulation. Phylogenetic studies showed a lack of divergence between chameleons from these two forests and as a result B. nkandlae was referred to the synonymy of B. nemorale (Tilbury and Tolley 2009). The species is now known from three forest patches, which has been confirmed by genetic studies (K.A. Tolley, unpubl. data 2019). There is also a morphologically distinct but closely related undescribed species near Greytown." 3012,Bradypodion setaroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,setaroi,,,,,"Raw, 1976",No issues. 3017,Bradypodion thamnobates,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,thamnobates,,,,,"Raw, 1976","Recent genetic studies show that this species is part of the Bradypodion melanocephalum species complex. Based on mitochondrial DNA markers, there is low but diagnosable differentiation between these species (da Silva and Tolley 2017)." 3023,Bradypodion taeniabronchum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,taeniabronchum,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1831)","Initially, genetic studies suggested that the subpopulations are each more related to Bradypodion ventrale than they are to each other (Tolley et al. 2006), but this was based on a small dataset. A new, more comprehensive analysis using fine-scale genetic markers clearly shows that the B. taeniabronchum subpopulations are a single taxon, exclusive to B. ventrale (KA Tolley unpubl. data 2021)." 5333,Ouroborus cataphractus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Ouroborus,cataphractus,,,,,"(Boie, 1828)","Previously within the genus Cordylus (Stanley et al. 2011), but with the erection of the monotypic genus Ouroborus, there are no remaining taxonomic issues." 5336,Smaug giganteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,giganteus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1844)",No taxonomic issues. 5340,Cordylus mclachlani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,mclachlani,,,,,"Mouton, 1986",No notable issues. 9160,Gerrhosaurus typicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Gerrhosaurus,typicus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1837)",No notable issues. 10235,Homopholis mulleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Homopholis,mulleri,,,,,"Visser, 1987",There are no taxonomic issues. 10242,Homoroselaps dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Homoroselaps,dorsalis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)",No notable issues. 11227,Lamprophis fiskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lamprophis,fiskii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887",No notable issues. 11228,Lamprophis fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lamprophis,fuscus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1893",No notable issues. 11229,Inyoka swazicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Inyoka,swazicus,,,,,"(Schaefer, 1970)",No taxonomic issues. 12439,Lygodactylus methueni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,methueni,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1937","Although there are no notable taxonomic issues, the range of Lygodactylus methueni may overlap with that of L. nigropunctatus, and these two species can be difficult to distinguish from each other." 16939,Rhoptropella ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Rhoptropella,ocellata,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1885)","The generic placement of this species has long been in question, having been placed in Rhoptropus (Boulenger 1885, Branch 1998), Phelsuma (Roux 1907, Schmidt 1933), and a monotypic genus Rhoptropella (Hewitt 1937). Evidence from phylogenetic studies have not yet adequately resolved the genus level status (Austin et al. 2004, Sound et al. 2006) although it is currently assigned to Rhoptropella (see Austin et al. 2004)." 17124,Goggia microlepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,microlepidota,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1939)",No taxonomic issues. 17575,Platysaurus relictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,relictus,,,,,"Broadley, 1976",No notable issues. 18514,Pseudocordylus langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Pseudocordylus,langi,,,,,"Loveridge, 1944",

There are no taxonomic issues.

18517,Pseudocordylus spinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Pseudocordylus,spinosus,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1947","

A multi-locus phylogeny shows that the subspecies Pseudocordylus melanotus subviridis falls in the P. spinosus clade, not the P. melanotus melanotus clade (Stanley et al. 2011). Although morphologically quite distinct from Pseudocordylus melanotus subviridis, P. spinosus from Goodoo Pass in the Drakensberg Mountains also shared the same 16S mitochondrial haplotype as several P. m. subviridis individuals (Bates 2007). Isolated subpopulations at Ixopo and Donnybrook in southern KwaZulu-Natal province require taxonomic investigation.

" 19953,Scelotes bourquini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,bourquini,,,,,"Broadley, 1994","Raw (1973) assigned specimens from the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands to Scelotes guentheri, but these specimens were later described as S. bourquini (Broadley 1994). A photograph of an individual from Qudeni (KwaZulu-Natal Province) has been assigned to S. bourquini (Broadley 1994). Raw (2020) described this subpopulation as a separate species (S. farquharsoni), but this requires confirmation. Although Raw (2021) suggests that S. bourquini should be synonymised with S. guentheri, this conclusion was based on limited evidence and requires further data to confirm the result." 19954,Scelotes kasneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,kasneri,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1939","Although there appears to be genetic divergence between this species and the morphologically similar Scelotes montispectus (Bauer et al. 2003), further investigation of the species boundaries between these taxa and related forms is required. A molecular phylogeny (Heideman et al. 2011) suggested that the subpopulation of S. kasneri at Elands Bay may represent a distinct species, requiring a taxonomic revision." 19955,Scelotes gronovii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,gronovii,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)",

A phylogenetic assessment (Heideman et al. 2011) suggested that the subpopulation of Scelotes gronovii at Elands Bay and the nearby Steenboksfontein Farm may represent a distinct species. The taxonomic status of this subpopulation needs further investigation.

21662,Tetradactylus breyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,breyeri,,,,,"Roux, 1907","The taxonomic status of an outlier specimen from the Free State Province was originally in doubt (de Waal 1978) but is currently considered to be Tetradactylus breyeri (Bates 1996). Given this record is isolated by 120 km, confirmation of its occurrence and possibly evaluation in a molecular phylogenetic framework is needed." 21663,Tetradactylus eastwoodae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,eastwoodae,,,,,"Methuen & Hewitt, 1913","This species is known from only two specimens, the holotype collected by E.A. Eastwood in November 1911, and another specimen collected by Vincent A. Wager in December 1928." 22701,Typhlosaurus lomiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlosaurus,lomiae,,,,,"Haacke, 1986","There is a potential taxonomic issue relating to the three Typhlosaurus species from the west coast of South Africa (T. caecus, T. lomiae, T. vermis) because they are morphologically similar, there is shallow genetic divergence between them (Lamb et al. 2010), and their ranges are nearly continuous." 23102,Xenocalamus transvaalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Xenocalamus,transvaalensis,,,,,"Methuen, 1919","Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genus Xenocalamus should be synonymised with Amblyodipsas (Figueroa et al. 2016, Portillo et al. 2018), but this needs to be confirmed with better taxon sampling." 41227,Vhembelacerta rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Vhembelacerta,rupicola,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1933)",No taxonomic issues. 41228,Australolacerta australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Australolacerta,australis,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1926)",No notable issues. 41229,Cryptactites peringueyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cryptactites,peringueyi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)",This taxon was separated from Phyllodactylus and placed in the monotypic genus Cryptactites by Bauer et al. (1997). 41230,Acontias rieppeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,rieppeli,,,,,"Lamb, Biswas & Bauer, 2010",No taxonomic issues. 169697,Goggia braacki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,braacki,,,,,"(Good, Bauer & Branch, 1996)",No taxonomic issues. 169698,Goggia essexi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,essexi,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)","No taxonomic issues, although this species is morphologically similar to Goggia hewitti, leading to confusion between the two species." 169699,Goggia gemmula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,gemmula,,,,,"(Bauer, Branch & Good, 1996)",No taxonomic issues. 169700,Goggia hexapora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,hexapora,,,,,"(Branch, Bauer & Good, 1995)",No taxonomic issues. 169704,Afrogecko porphyreus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afrogecko,porphyreus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","Although two isolated subspecies have been described, Afrogecko porphyreus cronwrighti (Hewitt 1937) from Cape St Francis in the Eastern Cape Province and A. p. namaquensis (Hewitt 1935) from the western margin of South Africa (Bitterfontein, Little Namaqualand), neither is recognized currently (e.g., Branch 1998). Substantial genetic divergence across the Cape Fold Mountains has been noted (Heinicke et al. 2014), suggesting that a taxonomic revision is required." 170370,Agama hispida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,hispida,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The apparently disjunct population in the northwest Free State Province, South Africa (de Waal 1978) probably refers to Agama aculeata distanti and records to the east of the distribution probably refer to A. aculeata aculeata." 172551,Bradypodion caeruleogula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,caeruleogula,,,,,"Raw & Brothers, 2008","Genetic studies show that subpopulations from all three forests (Dlinza, Ntumeni and Ngoya) belong to this taxon (Tilbury and Tolley 2009)." 174096,Lamprophis aurora,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lamprophis,aurora,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",No notable issues. 174097,Lycodonomorphus inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,inornatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)","Northern and southern subpopulations differ with regard to body proportions and scalation and are genetically divergent, indicating that two taxa may be present (Kelly et al. 2011)." 174109,Afroedura nivaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,nivaria,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1894)","The Afroedura nivaria species complex requires revision, as at least two cryptic species within A. nivaria have been proposed (Makhubo et al. 2015). There is a possible zone of sympatry between A. nivaria and A. pondolia in the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountains that might be due to misidentified specimens. Records from the western Drakensberg Mountains (Free State Province) that were previously assigned to this taxon (Branch 1998) were shown to be more closely related to A. halli and might represent a cryptic species (Makhubo et al. 2015)." 174121,Pachydactylus labialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,labialis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1938",Records of Pachydactylus capensis from the west coast of South Africa are generally referable to P. labialis. There is significant morphological variation within the species and further study is required to assess any possible taxonomically significant sub-structuring of subpopulations. 174122,Pachydactylus maculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,maculatus,,,,,"Gray, 1845","Pachydactylus maculatus has a wide distribution within which there is genetic variation (Skinner 2016), which could indicate that there are cryptic species." 176270,Amblyodipsas concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,concolor,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","A recent phylogeny suggests that this species should be elevated to a separate genus (Portillo et al. 2018), but additional work is needed to resolve the issue." 176290,Bradypodion caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,caffer,,,,,"(Boettger, 1889)","The closely related subpopulation at Mkambati in the Eastern Cape Province appears to be a grassland ecomorph of this otherwise forest-dwelling species (K.A. Tolley unpubl. data 2019), but more research is needed to assess the taxonomic status of this population.

" 176291,Bradypodion dracomontanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,dracomontanum,,,,,"Raw, 1976","There has been some confusion between Bradypodion dracomontanum and an undescribed species (""Emerald Dwarf Chameleon""). Both occur in the Drakensberg Mountains, but B. dracomontanum occurs from Cathedral Peak northwards, whereas the Emerald Dwarf Chameleon occurs to the south of Cathedral Peak (Tolley and Burger 2007, da Silva and Tolley 2017)." 176292,Bradypodion transvaalense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,transvaalense,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1930)","Considerable morphological variation exists within this species (Tolley and Burger 2007) and it may contain multiple taxa (Jacobsen 1989). Although the subpopulations are monophyletic, genetic variation between these could be at the species level (see Tolley et al. 2004)." 176293,Bradypodion ventrale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,ventrale,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","In the western part of the distribution there appears to be a contact zone with Bradypodion gutturale (Tolley et al. 2006), but it is not known if these species hybridize in the wild." 177556,Hemachatus haemachatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hemachatus,haemachatus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1790)","This species displays regional variation in size and colouration, and there is an isolated subpopulation in the southern Great Escarpment and the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe (Alexander 1996). A phylogeographic analysis indicates limited genetic structuring across South Africa (Brand 2020). Although there is no phylogenetic data available for the relict subpopulation in the Nyanga District of Zimbabwe, snakes from this area appear to be morphologically different with lower ventral and subcaudal counts than those in South Africa." 178184,Scelotes mossambicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,mossambicus,,,,,"(Peters, 1882)","This species is often confused with Scelotes fitzsimonsi due to their morphological similarity, particularly where they are sympatric in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. The coastal and inland subpopulations show differences in colouration and occur in different habitats." 178203,Leptotyphlops jacobseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,jacobseni,,,,,"Broadley & Broadley, 1999",No taxonomic issues. 178207,Scelotes inornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,inornatus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)",No outstanding taxonomic issues. 178302,Tropidosaura cottrelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Tropidosaura,cottrelli,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)",There are no taxonomic issues. 178449,Typhlosaurus caecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlosaurus,caecus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)","There is a potential taxonomic issue relating to the three Typhlosaurus species from the west coast of South Africa (T. caecus, T. lomiae, T. vermis) because they are morphologically similar, there is shallow genetic divergence between them (Lamb et al. 2010), and their ranges nearly continuous." 178597,Bitis atropos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,atropos,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Several discrete subpopulations occur along the southern African escarpment. Phylogenetic analysis correlates with morphological differences between these isolated populations, suggesting that between three and six cryptic taxa are subsumed under this name (C. Kelly unpubl. data 2015)." 178741,Pedioplanis laticeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,laticeps,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1845)",No taxonomic issues. 190527,Montaspis gilvomaculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Montaspis,gilvomaculata,,,,,"Bourquin, 1991","The relationship of this species to other species remains uncertain. Its external morphology suggests a close relationship with Amplorhinus and it was provisionally included in the Pseudoxyrhophiinae (Vidal et al. 2008, Kelly et al. 2009). However, hemipenis morphology indicates close affinities to the lamprophiids (Zaher et al. 2019), and it is thus included in the Lamprophiidae in this treatment." 196887,Afroedura namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,namaquensis,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1938)",

No issues.

196889,Afroedura amatolica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,amatolica,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)",Phylogenetic analyses suggest that there could be cryptic species within the Afroedura amatolica complex (Makhubo et al. 2015). 196890,Afroedura halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,halli,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1935)","The taxonomy of the Afroedura nivaria species complex which includes A. halli requires revision, as a phylogenetic analysis suggests that there are cryptic species (Makhubo et al. 2015). A subpopulation in the southeastern Free State Province referred to A. nivaria by de Waal (1978) was assigned to A. halli by Bates (1996) and this subpopulation and two more in the area were confirmed to be A. halli by Makhubo et al. (2015). Another subpopulation from an inselberg in the eastern Free State previously assigned to A. nivaria (de Waal 1978, Branch 1998, Bates and Bauer 2018) was shown (together with additional nearby isolated subpopulations) to be more closely related to A. halli (Makhubo et al. 2015)." 196891,Afroedura karroica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,karroica,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)","The taxonomy of the Afroedura karroica complex requires revision, as a phylogenetic analysis suggests that there are undescribed, cryptic species (Makhubo et al. 2015)." 196894,Afroedura marleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,marleyi,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1930)","Previously considered a subspecies of Afroedura pondolia (e.g., Onderstall 1984), Branch (1998) elevated it to a full species without comment. The specific status of A. marleyi has subsequently been confirmed in a phylogenetic framework (Jacobsen et al. 2014). Although A. pondolia and A. marleyi are clearly distinct species (Jacobsen et al. 2014), they are morphologically similar and this may result in misidentification of specimens from coastal KwaZulu-Natal Province." 196897,Afroedura haackei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,haackei,,,,,"Onderstall, 1984",

No taxonomic issues.

196899,Afroedura tembulica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,tembulica,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1926)",No taxonomic issues. 196903,Ramigekko swartbergensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Ramigekko,swartbergensis,,,,,"(Haacke, 1996)","The generic placement of this species has changed, initially being placed in Phyllodactylus (Haacke 1996) and thereafter transferred to Afrogecko (Bauer et al. 1997). Phylogenetic analysis has resolved this uncertainty, placing this species in a monotypic genus, Ramigekko (Heinicke et al. 2014). There are no further taxonomic issues." 196914,Goggia hewitti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,hewitti,,,,,"(Branch, Bauer & Good, 1995)","No taxonomic issues, although this species is morphologically similar to Goggia essexi, leading to confusion between the two species." 196918,Lygodactylus graniticolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,graniticolus,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1992",No taxonomic issues. 196920,Lygodactylus nigropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,nigropunctatus,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1992","The subspecies of L. nigropunctatus are now considered separate species (L. incognitus, L.  montiscaeruli; Travers et al. 2014). However, the apparently isolated subpopulation in North-West Province has not been investigated taxonomically. In addition, the range of L. methueni may overlap with that of L. nigropunctatus, and these two species can be difficult to distinguish from each other." 196921,Lygodactylus incognitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,incognitus,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1992","Previously considered a subspecies of Lygodactylus nigropunctatus, this has been raised to a full species (Travers et al. 2014)." 196922,Lygodactylus montiscaeruli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,montiscaeruli,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1992","Previously considered a subspecies of Lygodactylus nigropunctatus, this has been raised to a full species (Travers et al. 2014).  " 196923,Lygodactylus ocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,ocellatus,,,,,"Roux, 1907","With the elevation of Lygodactylus ocellatus soutpansbergensis to a full species (Travers et al. 2014), there are no further taxonomic issues." 196925,Lygodactylus soutpansbergensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,soutpansbergensis,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1994",

No taxonomic issues.

196927,Lygodactylus waterbergensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,waterbergensis,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1992","Previously thought to occur as two isolated subpopulations (Bates and Branch 2018), but this conclusion is likely the result of poor sampling in the intervening area rather than a true disjunction, given that the mountainous region is essentially continuous. Recent observations of this species in these intervening areas further supports the notion that the subpopulations may be connected." 196928,Pachydactylus affinis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,affinis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1896","Although Pachydactylus affinis has been shown to be genetically distinct from P. capensis and P. vansoni (Bauer and Lamb 2002), these three species can be difficult to distinguish morphologically (e.g., Jacobsen 1989). There are potentially several cryptic species within this taxon that should be investigated using a phylogenetic framework." 196930,Pachydactylus austeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,austeni,,,,,"Hewitt, 1923",No notable issues. 196931,Pachydactylus barnardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,barnardi,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1941","Although historically considered a subspecies of Pachydactylus rugosus, with its elevation to full species (Lamb and Bauer 2000), there are no further taxonomic issues." 196934,Pachydactylus formosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,formosus,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849","Although historically considered a subspecies of Pachydactytlus capensis (Hewitt 1927) and P. rugosus (McLachlan 1979), P. formosus has since been elevated to a full species (Lamb and Bauer 2000). There are no further taxonomic issues." 196935,Pachydactylus geitje,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,geitje,,,,,"(Sparrman, 1778)","Pachydactylus monticolus FitzSimons, 1943 is considered a junior synonym of P. geitje and is in reference to high elevation subpopulations (McLachlan in Branch 1981, Branch et al. 1988, Branch and Bauer 1995). Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that there are divergent clades that may represent cryptic species (Skinner 2016)." 196938,Pachydactylus kladaroderma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,kladaroderma,,,,,"Branch, Bauer & Good, 1996",Historical literature records of Pachydactylus namaquensis from the Western Cape and southern Northern Cape provinces are almost certainly referable to P. kladaroderma. 196940,Pachydactylus mariquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,mariquensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849","No taxonomic issues, although there has been some confusion with Pachydactylus latirostris where their distributions overlap (da Silva et al. 2019)." 196943,Pachydactylus namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,namaquensis,,,,,"(Sclater, 1898)","There are no taxonomic issues at present. Where Pachydactylus namaquensis and P. haackei are sympatric (in the Richtersveld area), there might be confusion in the assignment of records." 196944,Pachydactylus oculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,oculatus,,,,,"Hewitt, 1927","Pachydactylus oculatus is sometimes confused with its sister species, P. maculatus, and records from their area of sympatry on the Great Escarpment of South Africa require verification." 196951,Pachydactylus weberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,weberi,,,,,"Roux, 1907","There is some geographic variation in body size, where individuals from inland areas are smaller than those from the western areas (Bauer et al. 2006), and their status should be re-assessed using a phylogenetic approach." 196957,Chirindia langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Chirindia,langi,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1939","The taxonomic status of the Chirindia langi species complex should be re-assessed, preferably by using a combination of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, to determine whether the subspecies C. l. occidentalis is a valid taxon." 196964,Monopeltis capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Monopeltis,capensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1848",The three “forms” of Monopeltis capensis capensis and the subspecies M. c. rhodesiana were elevated to full species based on morphology (Broadley 1997) but this has not yet been examined in a phylogenetic framework (see Measey and Tolley 2013). 196984,Meroles knoxii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Meroles,knoxii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1829)","Two subspecies were previously recognized, Meroles knoxii knoxii from south of the Orange River in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa and M. k. pequensis from north of the Orange River in Namibia based on slight differences in scalation, body size and egg clutch size (Branch 1998). However, these differences more likely reflect a morphological cline and geographic variation in life history within the species, as a contemporary study detected only population level structure across the range of this species (Strauss 2016)." 196991,Nucras lalandii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,lalandii,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1829)",A molecular phylogeny of the genus shows deep divergence within the species which could indicate cryptic diversity (see Branch et al. 2019). 196992,Nucras livida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,livida,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)","

Records from the west coast of South Africa previously assigned to this taxon have been re-assigned to Nucras tessellata (Conradie et al. 2020), and thus there are no outstanding taxonomic issues.

" 196995,Nucras taeniolata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,taeniolata,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)",No taxonomic issues. 196997,Pedioplanis burchelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Pedioplanis,burchelli,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)",No notable issues. 197007,Tropidosaura essexi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Tropidosaura,essexi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1927","There is substantial geographic variation within Tropidosaura essexi with regards to the number of femoral pores, colour pattern and mitochondrial DNA sequences that could represent cryptic taxa (M.J. Cunningham unpubl. data 2014)." 197008,Tropidosaura gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Tropidosaura,gularis,,,,,"Hewitt, 1927",No notable issues. 197009,Tropidosaura montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Tropidosaura,montana,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)","

The currently recognised subspecies (Tropidosaura montana montana, T. m. rangeri and T. m. natalensis) show varying degrees of genetic differences from little DNA sequence variation between T. m. montana and T. m. rangeri (Edwards et al. 2012) to a slightly higher difference between T. m. montana and T. m. natalensis (Engleder et al. 2013). However, this inference is based on very few samples and few sequenced genes, particularly for T. m. natalensis, and the slightly higher divergence for that subspecies could be a function of isolation by distance. 

" 13265123,Dasypeltis inornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dasypeltis,inornata,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849",No notable issues. 13290941,Lycophidion pygmaeum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,pygmaeum,,,,,"Broadley, 1996",No notable issues. 217485253,Agama atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,atra,,,,,"Daudin, 1802","Although not formally elevated, Agama atra knobeli from Namibia has been treated as a full species (Matthee and Flemming 2002, Swart et al. 2009). Subsequent phylogenetic studies show that A. knobeli is not valid (see Nielsen 2016), and it therefore must be treated as a junior synonym of A. atra. Agama atra can be confused with Agama anchietae, possibly resulting in incorrect distribution mapping in some areas of the Northern Cape Province where they presumably co-occur." 21583954,Lamprophis guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lamprophis,guttatus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1843)","There is considerable variation in colour pattern (Branch 1998), habits and behaviour across the range of this species. This is accompanied by genetic divergence (Kelly et al. 2011) which suggests that there may be more than one taxon within this species. The type locality of this species is given as ""beyond Kurrichane"" (Smith 1843), but the locality of Kurrichane is at least 250 kilometres to the west of any other known records of this species. Thus, the type locality might have been given in error." 22473767,Bitis albanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,albanica,,,,,"Hewitt, 1937","Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that Bitis albanica, B. armata, B. inornata and B. rubida are within a closely related species complex (Barlow et al. 2019) and the relationships between these taxa are worthy of further investigation." 22473777,Bitis armata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,armata,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1826)","A recent phylogenetic study suggests that Bitis albanica, B. armata, B. inornata and B. rubida form a closely related species complex (Barlow et al. 2019) and the relationships between these taxa is worthy of further investigation. In addition, the taxonomic status of an isolated subpopulation near Langebaan should be investigated." 22475225,Bitis rubida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bitis,rubida,,,,,"Branch, 1997",A phylogenetic analysis of the genus shows that Bitis rubida is paraphyletic with regards to B. inornata and B. albanica (Barlow et al. 2019) and the relationships between these taxa is worthy of further investigation. 22476160,Afrotyphlops bibronii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,bibronii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1846)",There is an isolated subpopulation in eastern Zimbabwe that could potentially represent a separate taxon. 42678970,Bradypodion atromontanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,atromontanum,,,,,"Branch, Tolley & Tilbury, 2006","Although there are no notable taxonomic issues (Branch et al. 2006), this species can be confused with Bradypodion gutturale (Tolley and Burger 2007)." 214767150,Bradypodion damaranum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,damaranum,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","There is an isolated subpopulation of a similar species at Grootvadersbosch forest, 150 km west of Bradypodion damaranum (Tolley and Burger 2007). Although morphologically similar in appearance, a phylogenetic analysis shows that they are separate taxa (Tolley et al. 2006). The Grootvadersbosch subpopulation has been formally described as a separate species (Tolley et al. 2022)." 42679297,Bradypodion gutturale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,gutturale,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)","There are no taxonomic issues, but considerable morphological variation exists across the distribution of this species (Tolley and Burger 2007) and this can cause confusion for identifications." 42680235,Bradypodion kentanicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,kentanicum,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1935)","Although there are no notable taxonomic issues (Tolley et al. 2004, 2006; Tolley and Burger 2007), this species is sometimes confused with Bradypodion caffer, which occurs further north along the coastline." 42681112,Bradypodion melanocephalum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,melanocephalum,,,,,"(Gray, 1865)","This species is part of a larger species complex (including Bradypodion melanocephalum and B. thamnobates) in which genetic differentiation is low but obvious morphological differences exist (da Silva and Tolley 2013, 2017)." 42683297,Bradypodion ngomeense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,ngomeense,,,,,"Tilbury & Tolley, 2009",No notable issues. 42683369,Bradypodion occidentale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,occidentale,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1935)","There are no major taxonomic issues, although a contact zone may exist between Bradypodion occidentale and B. pumilum and this could potentially result in hybridisation." 42683517,Bradypodion pumilum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,pumilum,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Genetic studies show that there are at least two ecomorphs of Bradypodion pumilum, a colourful ornate form that inhabits the western side of the range across Cape Town and environs, and an inornate form that is found in the eastern portion of the range and inhabits fynbos vegetation of the Cape Fold Mountains (Tolley et al. 2006, 2019)." 44929366,Tetradactylus seps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,seps,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Tetradactylus laevicauda (Hewitt, 1915) was described from the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg region of South Africa but has been treated as a subspecies (FitzSimons 1943) and a junior synonym (Branch 1990) of T. seps. Current distribution records show a large geographic gap in the Eastern Cape Province, which was thought to indicate subpopulations in the Cape area and KwaZulu-Natal Province. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses suggest that there are no notable genetic differences between the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal subpopulations. However, there appears to be some genetic structure within the southern subpopulation (K.A. Tolley and W. Conradie unpubl. data 2020)." 44929463,Tetradactylus tetradactylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,tetradactylus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1802)","Tetradactylus bilineatus has been treated as a subspecies (Loveridge 1942, FitzSimons 1943) and as a junior synonym (Branch 1990) of T. tetradactylus. A preliminary phylogeny suggests that T. bilineatus from along the Great Escarpment and eastern Karoo is genetically differentiated at the species level (W. Conradie unpubl. data 2020)." 44960195,Acontias cregoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,cregoi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)",No taxonomic issues. 44974254,Acontias grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,grayi,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","Phylogenetic analyses show shallow divergence between Acontias tristis, A. grayi, A. lineatus and A. litoralis (Daniels et al. 2006, Lamb et al. 2010) as well as paraphyly between these taxa (Janse van Vuuren 2009). Furthermore, there are no clear, diagnostic morphological differences among taxa (but see Broadley and Greer 1969), and there are some limited areas of sympatry. This has cast some doubt as to the current taxonomic arrangement." 44974868,Acontias meleagris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,meleagris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Acontias meleagris, A. orientalis and A. lineicauda have complex taxonomic histories (Broadley and Greer 1969; Daniels et al. 2002, 2005, 2006, 2009), having been treated as subspecies of A. meleagris and subsequently as full species (Lamb et al. 2010). The taxonomy is still problematic due to confusion around colour morphs that do not correspond to the species level phylogenetic results, paraphyly of A. meleagris (Engelbrecht et al. 2013) and a lack of topotypic material for A. lineicauda (from Dunbrody, Hewitt 1937). In this assessment, the taxonomy recommended by Engelbrecht et al. (2013) has been followed. There is a potential contact zone between A. meleagris and A. orientalis in the Breede River Valley (Engelbrecht et al. 2013). Records from the eastern parts of the Western Cape and the Eastern Cape provinces are now referred to Acontias orientalis (Fig. 5 in Engelbrecht et al. 2013)." 44975073,Acontias tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,tristis,,,,,"Werner, 1911","Phylogenetic analyses show shallow divergence between Acontias tristis, A. grayi, A. lineatus and A. litoralis (Daniels et al. 2006, Lamb et al. 2010) as well as paraphyly between these taxa (Janse van Vuuren 2009). Furthermore, there are no clear, diagnostic morphological differences among taxa (but see Broadley and Greer 1969), and there are some limited areas of sympatry. This has cast some doubt as to the current taxonomic arrangement." 44975191,Acontias orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,orientalis,,,,,"Hewitt, 1938","Acontias meleagris, A. orientalis and A. lineicauda have complex taxonomic histories (Broadley and Greer 1969; Daniels et al. 2002, 2005, 2006, 2009), having been treated as subspecies of A. meleagris and subsequently as full species (Lamb et al. 2010). The taxonomy is still problematic due to confusion around colour morphs that do not correspond to the species level phylogenetic results, paraphyly of A. meleagris (Engelbrecht et al. 2013) and a lack of topotypic material for A. lineicauda (from Dunbrody, Hewitt 1937). Acontias percivali tasmani is not distinct from A. orientalis, showing low genetic divergence and near complete overlap in morphological characters (Broadley and Greer 1969, Lamb et al. 2010) although they differ in colour. In this assessment, the taxonomy recommended by Engelbrecht et al. (2013) has been followed." 44975368,Acontias namaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,namaquensis,,,,,"Hewitt, 1938",No taxonomic issues. 44975977,Acontias gracilicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,gracilicauda,,,,,"Essex, 1925",

The historical records of this species in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa (Bauer 2014) are referable to Acontias occidentalis (Busschau et al. 2017). A potential record from the Swartberg Pass in the Western Cape Province (Bauer 2014) is referable to the Acontias meleagris group (W. Conradie pers. obs. 2017).

44977744,Acontias lineicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,lineicauda,,,,,"Hewitt, 1937","Acontias lineicauda, A. orientalis and A. meleagris have complex taxonomic histories (Broadley and Greer 1969; Daniels et al. 2002, 2005, 2006, 2009), having been treated as subspecies of A. meleagris and subsequently as full species (Lamb et al. 2010). The taxonomy is still problematic due to confusion around colour morphs that do not correspond to the species level phylogenetic results, paraphyly of A. meleagris (Engelbrecht et al. 2013) and a lack of topotypic material for A. lineicauda (from Dunbrody, Hewitt 1937)." 44977870,Acontias litoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,litoralis,,,,,"Broadley & Greer, 1969","Phylogenetic analyses show shallow divergence between Acontias tristis, A. grayi, A. lineatus and A. litoralis (Daniels et al. 2006, Lamb et al. 2010) as well as paraphyly between these taxa (Janse van Vuuren 2009). Furthermore, there are no clear, diagnostic morphological differences among taxa (but see Broadley and Greer 1969), and there are some limited areas of sympatry. This has cast some doubt as to the current taxonomic arrangement." 44977877,Acontias richardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,richardi,,,,,"(Jacobsen, 1987)",No taxonomic issues. 44978364,Typhlosaurus vermis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlosaurus,vermis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887",No notable issues. 44978997,Scelotes vestigifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,vestigifer,,,,,"Broadley, 1994",No taxonomic issues. 44978999,Scelotes sexlineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,sexlineatus,,,,,"(Harlan, 1824)",No issues. 44979007,Scelotes anguineus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,anguineus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)",No notable issues. 44979035,Scelotes bidigittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,bidigittatus,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1930",No taxonomic issues. 44979043,Scelotes bipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,bipes,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)",No taxonomic issues. 44979051,Scelotes guentheri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,guentheri,,,,,"Boulenger, 1887","There has been confusion regarding the identity of this species in the past. Raw (1973) assigned specimens from the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands to Scelotes guentheri, but these specimens were later described as S. bourquini (Broadley 1994). Because S. guentheri is known from only a single specimen, its taxonomic status remains uncertain, although most authors consider it valid (e.g., FitzSimons 1943, Broadley 1994, Branch 1998). The differences between these species are minor (the presence of a slightly higher ventral scale count, a postnasal scale and the absence of preanal pores) prompting Raw (2021) to suggest that S. bourquini should be synonymised with S. guentheri. However, this conclusion was based on the examination of limited material and therefore requires further data to confirm the result." 44979054,Scelotes caffer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,caffer,,,,,"(Peters, 1861)",

Morphological variation within this species suggests that there could be cryptic species (Marais and Bauer 2014).

44979110,Scelotes fitzsimonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,fitzsimonsi,,,,,"Broadley, 1994",No notable issues. Records from Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve and Durban are probably incorrectly identified or represent undescribed species (Broadley 1994). 44979194,Scelotes mirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,mirus,,,,,"(Roux, 1907)",This species was last reviewed by Broadley (1994) and there are no outstanding issues. 44979206,Scelotes montispectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scelotes,montispectus,,,,,"Bauer, Whiting & Sadlier, 2003","Although relatively high genetic divergence between Scelotes montispectus and the related S. kasneri has been recorded (Bauer et al. 2003), there is not strong phylogenetic support for species level differences (Heideman et al. 2011). Regardless, S. montispectus is currently considered distinct from S. kasneri based on small morphological differences and geographical separation (Heideman et al. 2011)." 44979746,Leptotyphlops distanti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,distanti,,,,,"(Boulenger in Distant, 1892)",This species forms part of the Leptotyphlops scutifrons species complex (Broadley and Wallach 2007). The taxonomy of several species in the genus is in question (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009) as there is species level diversity within described taxa as well as paraphyly of some currently recognised species. 44979834,Leptotyphlops nigricans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,nigricans,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)","Leptotyphlops nigricans was restricted to the two southern Cape provinces (Broadley and Broadley 1999), but subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed deep genetic divergence between the Western Cape Province and Eastern Cape Province subpopulations that may indicate separate species (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009). The area of separation between the putative species is unknown as the distribution of L. nigricans is currently thought to be continuous (Broadley and Broadley 1999)." 44979913,Leptotyphlops sylvicolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,sylvicolus,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 1997","Broadley and Broadley (1999) recorded Leptotyphlops sylvicolus from three isolated subpopulations in forest habitats on the east coast of South Africa. Recent records from grassland habitat in the former Transkei, South Africa, are of specimens that do not fully conform to the morphology of this species, and the deep genetic divergence within this species complex (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009, Busschau et al. 2021) indicates the presence of a number of undescribed species that may have more restricted ranges and may be of significant conservation concern." 44979971,Psammophis crucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophis,crucifer,,,,,"(Daudin, 1803)","Although there is colour polymorphism across the range, this does not appear to reflect species level differentiation (see Kelly et al. 2008)." 110133193,Homoroselaps lacteus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Homoroselaps,lacteus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

There are three distinct colour morphs within this species that appear to form broadly parapatric populations, with a barred pattern in the southwest, blotched pattern in the east and striped pattern in the north (Maritz et al. 2019). Although it has been speculated that these may be distinct species, preliminary analyses using scale counts and DNA sequencing have been inconclusive to date due to insufficient geographic coverage of the specimens included (Maritz et al. 2019). 

" 110133204,Macrelaps microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Macrelaps,microlepidotus,,,,,"(Günther, 1860)",No notable issues. 110133584,Amplorhinus multimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Amplorhinus,multimaculatus,,,,,"A. Smith, 1847",

The Zimbabwean subpopulation is geographically isolated from the nearest South African subpopulation and there is substantial genetic divergence between these subpopulations (Kelly et al. 2009). Subpopulations may also exist within South Africa (southwestern and eastern) but this has not been investigated in a phylogenetic context.

110133954,Lycodonomorphus laevissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycodonomorphus,laevissimus,,,,,"(Günther, 1862)",No taxonomic issues. 110152789,Philothamnus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Philothamnus,occidentalis,,,,,"Broadley, 1966",Alexander (1987) suggested that the subspecies Philothamnus natalensis occidentalis be elevated to full species status based on morphological and behavioural differences between it and Philothamnus natalensis natalensis. This has been confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis (Engelbrecht et al. 2019). It is easily confused with Philothamnus natalensis and P. hoplogaster because of superficial similarities in general appearance and behaviour. 110153584,Prosymna sundevallii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PROSYMNIDAE,Prosymna,sundevallii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)",Zaher et al. (2019) placed Prosymna sundevallii in the newly erected family Prosymnidae. 110158816,Chamaesaura aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Chamaesaura,aenea,,,,,"(Fitzinger, 1843)",The relationship between the potentially isolated subpopulations should be investigated in a phylogenetic framework. 110159014,Chamaesaura macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Chamaesaura,macrolepis,,,,,"(Cope, 1862)",A phylogenetic analysis would be helpful to assess the taxonomic status of the isolated subpopulation of Chamaesura macrolepis in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe. 110159331,Cordylus cordylus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,cordylus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","A phylogenetic analysis revealed that Cordylus tasmani is paraphyletic with C. cordylus and it is therefore treated as a junior synonym of C. cordylus (Stanley et al. 2011). Although a phylogeographic study showed there are two clades (southwestern Cape and another covering the rest of the distribution), the divergence between these clades is not at the species level (Diedericks et al. 2013). There are no other outstanding taxonomic issues." 110159395,Cordylus imkeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,imkeae,,,,,"Mouton & Van Wyk, 1994","The taxonomic status of forms in the Cordylus minor species complex (Mouton and van Wyk 1994), to which C. imkeae belongs, have not yet been evaluated within a phylogenetic framework, but this species is considered valid (Tolley et al. 2022). There have not been any taxonomic issues with C. imkeae noted to date." 110159555,Cordylus macropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,macropholis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","

There is a large geographic gap between each of the three subpopulations, particularly for the northernmost subpopulation. The degree of differentiation between these subpopulations has not been assessed. 

" 110159714,Cordylus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,minor,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1943",Cordylus aridus and C. cloetei have been synonymised with C. minor (Tolley et al. 2022). 110159757,Cordylus niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,niger,,,,,"Cuvier, 1829","A phylogenetic analysis (Daniels et al. 2004) suggests that there is cryptic diversity, possibly at the species level, within Cordylus niger." 110159854,Cordylus oelofseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,oelofseni,,,,,"Mouton & Van Wyk, 1990","

The subpopulations occurring at Dasklip Pass, Landdroskop and Piketberg appear to be genetically distinct at the species level (Daniels et al. 2004, Stanley et al. 2011) and merit further investigation.

" 110160307,Cordylus vittifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Cordylus,vittifer,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1887)","There is genetic and morphological structure within Cordylus vittifer that could represent at least three species (de Waal 1978, Stanley et al. 2011)." 110160470,Hemicordylus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Hemicordylus,capensis,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)","

Loveridge (1944) recognised two species, Pseudocordylus [Hemicordylus] capensis and P. [H.] robertsi (van Dam 1921) based on morphological differences, while Branch (1981) treated these as subspecies of P. [H.] capensis. The subspecies are no longer considered valid (Herselman et al. 1992). A subsequent phylogenetic analysis suggested that there are multiple divergent clades within Hemicordylus capensis that may represent cryptic species (Mabe 2009).

" 110160538,Hemicordylus nebulosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Hemicordylus,nebulosus,,,,,"(Mouton & Van Wyk, 1995)","There are no taxonomic issues. However, because the distribution overlaps with the congener Hemicordylus capensis which is morphologically similar, there could be a number of misidentifications in the existing records." 110161123,Karusasaurus polyzonus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Karusasaurus,polyzonus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)","The melanistic subpopulation in the Saldanha-Langebaan area was suspected to be a separate species (Mouton et al. 2002), but phylogenetic analyses do not support that assumption (Engelbrecht et al. 2011, Stanley et al. 2011)." 110161343,Namazonurus lawrenci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Namazonurus,lawrenci,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1939)","Previously included in the genus Cordylus (Stanley et al. 2011), but with the erection of the genus Namazonurus, there are no remaining taxonomic issues." 110162485,Namazonurus peersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Namazonurus,peersi,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1932)","Previously within the genus Cordylus (Stanley et al. 2011), but with the erection of the genus Namazonurus, there are no remaining taxonomic issues." 110163048,Ninurta coeruleopunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Ninurta,coeruleopunctatus,,,,,"(Hewitt & Methuen, 1913)","Previously within the genus Cordylus but with the erection of the genus Ninurta (Stanley et al. 2011), the remaining taxonomic issue concerns the subpopulation in the Langeberg Mountains. There are distinct morphological differences between lizards from this subpopulation and the main subpopulation to the east." 110163707,Platysaurus attenboroughi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,attenboroughi,,,,,"Whiting, Branch, Pepper & Keogh, 2015",This taxon was until recently considered a subpopulation of Platysaurus capensis (Whiting et al. 2015). 110163858,Platysaurus broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,broadleyi,,,,,"Branch & Whiting, 1997",No notable issues. 110164296,Platysaurus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,guttatus,,,,,"A. Smith, 1849","This species is sympatric with Platysaurus minor, but they are morphologically and genetically distinguishable (M Whiting unpubl. data 2020). While sympatric, they are usually not syntopic (Jacobsen 1989)." 110164693,Platysaurus lebomboensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,lebomboensis,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1994",No notable issues. 110164730,Platysaurus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,minor,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1930","This species is sympatric with Platysaurus guttatus, but they are morphologically and genetically distinguishable (M Whiting unpubl. data 2020). While sympatric, they are usually not syntopic (Jacobsen 1989)." 110164784,Platysaurus monotropis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,monotropis,,,,,"Jacobsen, 1994",No notable issues. 110165772,Platysaurus orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,orientalis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1941","The genus Platysaurus requires taxonomic revision and a phylogenetic analysis should help resolve the status of the two subspecies, P. orientalis orientalis and P. o. fitzsimonsi." 110166700,Pseudocordylus melanotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Pseudocordylus,melanotus,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1838)","Genetic and morphological data suggest that there are species-level differences between Pseudocordylus melanotus melanotus and P. m. subviridis and possibly within Pseudocordylus melanotus melanotus (Bates 2007). A multi-locus phylogeny also shows that the subspecies of P. melanotus are paraphyletic, with P. m. subviridis falling in the P. spinosus clade, rather than the P. melanotus melanotus clade (Stanley et al. 2011)." 110166782,Pseudocordylus microlepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Pseudocordylus,microlepidotus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)","Although there are some morphological features unique to each subspecies (FitzSimons 1943, Bates 2005), their taxonomic status is uncertain. In the east of the distribution, Pseudocordylus microlepidotus may be parapatric with P. melanotus subviridis (Bates 2014) and this could cause confusion with identifications." 110166888,Pseudocordylus transvaalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Pseudocordylus,transvaalensis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1943","Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, Pseudocordylus transvaalensis was found to be a valid species rather than a subspecies of P. melanotus (Jacobsen 1989; Bates 2005, 2007; Stanley et al. 2011). The three allopatric populations differ morphologically (Bates 2007), but it is not possible to assess if they are differentiated genetically due to incomplete sampling (see Bates 2007, Stanley et al. 2011)." 110167218,Smaug warreni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,warreni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1908)",All former subspecies of Smaug warreni have been raised to full species (Bates and Stanley 2020). 110167260,Smaug depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,depressus,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1930)","Previously a subspecies of Smaug warreni, but with its elevation to a full species (Stanley and Bates 2014), there are no further taxonomic issues." 211754466,Smaug barbertonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,barbertonensis,,,,,"(Van Dam, 1921)","Previously a subspecies of Smaug warreni, but elevated and split into two species – S. barbertonensis and S. swazicus (Bates and Stanley 2020)." 110167723,Smaug breyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,breyeri,,,,,"(Van Dam, 1921)",The isolated western records attributed to both this species and Smaug vandami by Jacobsen (1989) and Mouton (2014) are in fact referable only to S. breyeri (Stanley and Bates 2014). 110167848,Smaug vandami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,vandami,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1930)",The isolated western records attributed to this species by Jacobsen (1989) and Mouton (2014) are in fact referable only to Smaug breyeri (Stanley and Bates 2014). 110187021,Afroedura broadleyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,broadleyi,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014","

No outstanding taxonomic issues. However, the name ‘Afroedura soutpansbergensis’ was mentioned in error in Jacobsen et al. (2014) on several occasions in reference to A. broadleyi.

" 110187133,Afroedura granitica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,granitica,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014",No taxonomic issues. 110191406,Afroedura leoloensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,leoloensis,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014",

No taxonomic issues.

110191643,Afroedura maripi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,maripi,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014",

No taxonomic issues.

110192130,Afroedura pienaari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,pienaari,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014",

No taxonomic issues.

110193151,Afroedura pongola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,pongola,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014",

No issues.

110193608,Afroedura rondavelica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,rondavelica,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014","

This species has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis, but its weakly verticillate tail, smooth dorsal scales and single internasal scale, as well as its geographic location, suggest that it falls within the Afroedura marleyi-maripi-pongola group.

" 110194092,Afroedura rupestris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,rupestris,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014","

This species has not yet been included in a phylogenetic analysis. According to Jacobsen et al. (2014) it shares bluntly keeled to trihedral dorsal scales with Afroedura haackei, A. multiporis and A. major and therefore may be part of the same clade.

" 110194686,Afroedura waterbergensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,waterbergensis,,,,,"Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer, 2014",

No issues.

110213116,Pachydactylus amoenus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,amoenus,,,,,"Werner, 1910","Some authors have treated Pachydactylus amoenus as a subspecies of P. mariquensis (e.g., Kluge 2001), but the species status has been confirmed based on molecular phylogenetics and morphology (Bauer et al. 2011)." 110213270,Pachydactylus macrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,macrolepis,,,,,"FitzSimons, 1939","Although the taxonomic history of this species has been unstable, it was confirmed as a valid species (Bauer et al. 2011). There appears to be some confusion with Pachydactylus mariquensis in the south of the range, and the diagnostic morphological features used to identify these species are unclear (da Silva et al. 2019)." 110221422,Tetradactylus fitzsimonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,fitzsimonsi,,,,,"Hewitt, 1915","

The subspecies Tetradactylus africanus fitzsimonsi and T. a. africanus (FitzSimons 1943, Branch 1998) were informally treated as full species due to morphological differences (Bates et al. 2014). New records from Hluleka Nature Reserve, Haga-Haga, Lubanzi and Mazeppa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province are referable to T. fitzsimonsi (Venter and Conradie 2015, http://vmus.adu.org.za; https://www.inaturalist.org/).

" 110222301,Namibiana gracilior,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Namibiana,gracilior,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1910)","

There is an isolated subpopulation in south-central Namibia, separated from the main distribution by about 500 km.

" 110229440,Acontias fitzsimonsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,fitzsimonsi,,,,,"(Broadley, 1968)",No taxonomic issues. Pietersen et al. (2018) elevated Acontias fitzsimonsi to specific status. 110230213,Trachylepis homalocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,homalocephala,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1828)","

There are several previously recognised subspecies (T. h. depressa, T. h. peringueyi, T. h. smithi), and of those, T. depressa Peters 1854 has been reinstated as a full species (Branch 1998, Broadley 2000). A phylogenetic analysis revealed some genetic differences within T. homalocephala for subpopulations along the west coast of South Africa (Weinell et al. 2019) and these are possibly referable to the subspecies T. h. homalocephala (southwest coast) and T. homalocephala peringueyi (central-west coast).

" 111481811,Tetradactylus africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,africanus,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)","The subspecies Tetradactylus africanus africanus and T. a. fitzsimonsi (FitzSimons 1943, Branch 1998) were informally treated as full species due to morphological differences (Bates et al. 2014). The identity of a T. africanus specimen collected in 1919 from Witsieshoek (or Witzies Hoek) in the Drakensberg Mountains at 1,800 m asl was confirmed by Bates (1992), but no additional specimens have been collected within 200 km of this site, or in similar high elevation habitat (e.g., de Waal 1978, Bourquin 2004), so this record is viewed with scepticism." 115647992,Afroedura langi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,langi,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1930)","Afroedura langi originally contained several undescribed species (Jacobsen 1989, 1992), but with a taxonomic revision and the description of six new species (Jacobsen et al. 2014), there are no other taxonomic issues." 115648326,Afroedura pondolia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,pondolia,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)","A phylogenetic analysis indicated that Afroedura pondolia comprises two well-supported phylogenetic clades (Makhubo et al. 2015), within which there are four cryptic species (Busschau et al. 2019). There is a possible zone of sympatry between A. pondolia and A. nivaria in the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountains that might be due to misidentified specimens. Furthermore, although A. pondolia and A. marleyi are clearly distinct species (Jacobsen et al. 2014), they are morphologically similar and this may result in misidentification of specimens from coastal KwaZulu-Natal Province." 115648679,Afroedura multiporis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,multiporis,,,,,"(Hewitt, 1925)",No taxonomic issues. 116770668,Platysaurus capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Platysaurus,capensis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1844","With the description of the northern population of Platysaurus capensis as a new species, P. attenboroughi (Whiting et al. 2015), there are no further outstanding taxonomic issues." 120694322,Goggia incognita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,incognita,,,,,"Heinicke, Turk & Bauer, 2017",There is potentially a contact zone between Goggia lineata and G. incognita in the north of the distribution around the Knersvlakte that could cause taxonomic confusion and misidentifications. 120694393,Goggia matzikamaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,matzikamaensis,,,,,"Heinicke, Turk & Bauer, 2017","

This recently described species was previously referable to Goggia rupicola (Branch et al. 1995, Bauer et al. 1997, Heinicke et al. 2017).

" 120694885,Goggia lineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,lineata,,,,,"(Gray, 1838)","

The southern populations of Goggia lineata were assigned to a new species, G. incognita (Heinicke et al. 2017), and the two species appear to be parapatric in the Knersvlakte area. 

" 120695014,Goggia rupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Goggia,rupicola,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1938)","The southern subpopulation of Goggia rupicola has been assigned to a new species, G. matzikamaensis (Heinicke et al. 2017)." 120696043,Homopholis wahlbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Homopholis,wahlbergii,,,,,"(A. Smith, 1849)",

A taxonomic review and molecular phylogeny found that Homopholis wahlbergii arnoldi is a valid species (Broadley et al. 2014). There are no other outstanding taxonomic issues.

126410503,Pachydactylus atorquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,atorquatus,,,,,"Bauer, Barts & Hulbert, 2006","

A recent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Pahydactylus goodi is a junior synonym of P. atorquatus (Šmíd et al. 2018). These two taxa were described as separate species based on colouration pattern, but it now appears that it is a single species that contains multiple colour morphs.

" 128710878,Trachylepis laevigata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,laevigata,,,,,"(Peters, 1869)","Peters (1869) described Euprepes laevigatus (= Trachylepis laevigata) from Gerlachshoop in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The species was later synonymised with T. varia. Based on genetics, lepidosis and colouration, Weinell and Bauer (2018) reinstated T. laevigata as a full species. This species appears to be sometimes confused with T. varia and T. damarana as shown by a DNA barcoding study (Stephens et al. 2022)." 128870065,Acontias breviceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,breviceps,,,,,"Essex, 1925","A phylogenetic analysis shows that the sister taxon to the two northern subpopulations is Acontias gracilicauda, and not the nominal Eastern Cape Province form (Busschau et al. 2017). The nominal form is restricted to the Eastern Cape Province and the northern populations have been described as two species, viz. A. albigularis and A. wakkerstroomensis (Conradie et al. 2018)." 128870755,Acontias albigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,albigularis,,,,,"Conradie, Busschau & Edwards, 2018","This species was recently split from Acontias breviceps Essex, 1925 by Conradie et al. (2018)." 128870867,Acontias wakkerstroomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,wakkerstroomensis,,,,,"Conradie, Busschau & Edwards, 2018","Recently split from Acontias breviceps Essex, 1925, although it is closely related to Acontias gracilicauda Essex, 1925 (Conradie et al. 2018)." 145971380,Nucras aurantiaca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,aurantiaca,,,,,"Bauer, Childers, Broeckhoven & Mouton, 2019",There are no taxonomic issues. 103661232,Scytalopus perijanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,perijanus,,,,,"Avendaño et al., 2015",

Scytalopus perijanus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Avendaño et al. (2015).

22736477,Scytalopus canus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,canus,,,,,"Chapman, 1915", 22692486,Rallus antarcticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,antarcticus,,,,,"King, 1828", 27926,Atelerix algirus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Atelerix,algirus,,,,,"(Lereboullet, 1842)", 22703513,Scytalopus latebricola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,latebricola,,,,,"Bangs, 1899", 4007,Castor fiber,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CASTORIDAE,Castor,fiber,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 29651,Crocidura leucodon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,leucodon,,,,,"(Hermann, 1780)", 40623,Crocidura pachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,pachyura,,,,,"(Kuster, 1835)","This taxon was formerly known as Crocidura ichnusae, which is predated by C. pachyura (Kuster, 1835) (Turini et al. 2007). Originally ascribed as Crocidura russula." 29652,Crocidura russula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Crocidura,russula,,,,,"(Hermann, 1780)","Genetic studies indicate that the population on Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands (previously considered to be a separate species, Crocidura osorio) is conspecific with C. russula (Vogel et al. 2003), although differences in size, ecology, and behaviour (Hutterer et al. 1992) characterize it as a distinct island form." 22727333,Pipile grayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,CRACIDAE,Pipile,grayi,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1870)","

Pipile cumanensis and P. grayi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cumanensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 7619,Eliomys melanurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Eliomys,melanurus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1839)","E. melanurus sensu lato has been divided into two species: E. melanurus (E North Africa, Middle East and southern Turkey) and E. munbyanus (W North Africa: Western Sahara, Morocco (including the Spanish North African Territories), Algeria, Tunisia and east to eastern Libya)." 136469,Eliomys munbyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Eliomys,munbyanus,,,,,"(Pomel, 1856)", 40605,Erinaceus concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Erinaceus,concolor,,,,,"Martin, 1837","This assessment currently includes Erinaceus roumanicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900, but genetic and morphological data suggest that concolor and roumanicus are two distinct species with parapatric distributions." 136344,Erinaceus roumanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Erinaceus,roumanicus,,,,,"Barrett-Hamilton, 1900","Formerly included in europaeus, but see Suchentrunk et al. (1998), among others. Subsequently included in concolor, but genetic and morphological data suggest that concolor and roumanicus are two distinct species with parapatric distributions." 9116,Gerbillus dasyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,dasyurus,,,,,"(Wagner, 1842)", 9134,Gerbillus mackilligini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Gerbillus,mackilligini,,,,,"(Thomas, 1904)", 40607,Hemiechinus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,ERINACEIDAE,Hemiechinus,auritus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1770)", 157656,Lichenophanes numida,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BOSTRICHIDAE,Lichenophanes,numida,,,,,"Lesne, 1899", 47168679,Stenomera blanchardii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BOSTRICHIDAE,Stenomera,blanchardii,,,,,"P.H.Lucas, 1850", 47168687,Xylomedes coronata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,BOSTRICHIDAE,Xylomedes,coronata,,,,,"(Marseul, 1883)", 47251990,Chromovalgus peyroni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CETONIIDAE,Chromovalgus,peyroni,,,,,"(Mulsant & Wachanru, 1852)", 47261048,Korynetes coxalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Korynetes,coxalis,,,,,"Reitter, 1894", 47261116,Korynetes geniculatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Korynetes,geniculatus,,,,,"Klug, 1842", 47265709,Platycerus delagrangei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Platycerus,delagrangei,,,,,"Fairmaire, 1892",


47266488,Tetratoma crenicollis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TETRATOMIDAE,Tetratoma,crenicollis,,,,,"Baudi, 1877",The taxonomy of this species has to be reviewed in the T. baudueri complex (H. Brustel pers. comm. 2015). 47266500,Nemozoma breviatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,TROGOSITIDAE,Nemozoma,breviatum,,,,,"Peyerimhoff, 1917", 47266599,Bitoma turcica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Bitoma,turcica,,,,,"Dajoz, 1973","According to Alekseev (2015), this genus is in need of revision." 91470243,Thanasimodes dorsalis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Thanasimodes,dorsalis,,,,,"(P.H.Lucas, 1843)", 91470245,Flabellotilloidea vaulogeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CLERIDAE,Flabellotilloidea,vaulogeri,,,,,"(Pic, 1906)", 91471024,Coxelus humeridens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Coxelus,humeridens,,,,,"Reitter, 1885", 91472356,Nosodomodes syriacus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,ZOPHERIDAE,Nosodomodes,syriacus,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1892)", 10751,Hystrix indica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,HYSTRICIDAE,Hystrix,indica,,,,,"Kerr, 1792", 10912,Jaculus jaculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Jaculus,jaculus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 13170,Meriones tristrami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Meriones,tristrami,,,,,"Thomas, 1892", 13489,Microtus subterraneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Microtus,subterraneus,,,,,"(de Selys-Longchamps, 1836)", 13992,Muscardinus avellanarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,GLIRIDAE,Muscardinus,avellanarius,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 13972,Mus musculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,MURIDAE,Mus,musculus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758",Includes domesticus as a subspecies (Wilson and Reeder 2005). All Philippine populations of Mus are now placed in the species M. musculus (subspecies castaneus) and the species is considered to be non-native (Marshall 1977). 4973,Myodes glareolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,CRICETIDAE,Myodes,glareolus,,,,,"(Schreber, 1780)",Clethrionomys is a synonym of Myodes. 29657,Neomys anomalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,SORICIDAE,Neomys,anomalus,,,,,"Cabrera, 1907", 22687825,Coeligena phalerata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Coeligena,phalerata,,,,,"(Bangs, 1898)", 22687022,Ramphodon naevius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Ramphodon,naevius,,,,,"(Dumont, 1818)", 157867031,Hirtopelta tufari,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Hirtopelta,tufari,,,,,"L. Beck, 2002", 157909980,Nodopelta rigneae,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Nodopelta,rigneae,,,,,"Warén & Bouchet, 2001", 178290276,Pycnopodia helianthoides,ANIMALIA,ECHINODERMATA,ASTEROIDEA,FORCIPULATIDA,ASTERIIDAE,Pycnopodia,helianthoides,,,,,"(Brandt, 1835)","The genus Pycnopodia is monophyletic, and Pycnopodia helianthoides is the only species in the genus. Pycnopodia helianthoides is one of only two species in the sub-family Pycnopodiinae, the other is Lysastrosoma anthosticta from Japan (Accessed through: WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=240764 on 2020-08-04)." 12553,Macaca maura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,maura,,,,,"(H.R. Schinz, 1825)","

This species belongs to the silenus species group, and was formerly known as Macaca maurus. It hybridizes with M. tonkeana in areas where their ranges overlap at the base of the Toraja Highlands (Tempe depression).

" 45478181,Psophia crepitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,PSOPHIIDAE,Psophia,crepitans,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Psophia crepitans and P. ochroptera (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. crepitans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22730593,Arizelocichla milanjensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Arizelocichla,milanjensis,,,,,"(Shelley, 1894)",

Arizelocichla milanjensis and A. striifacies (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Andropadus milanjensis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

 

157846892,Thermosipho auzendei,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,BUCCINIDAE,Thermosipho,auzendei,,,,,"(auzendei Warén & Bouchet, 2001)", 22707842,Batis reichenowi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLATYSTEIRIDAE,Batis,reichenowi,,,,,"Grote, 1911",

Batis mixta and B. reichenowi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as B. mixta following Fjeldså et al. (2006).

22695490,Accipiter badius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,badius,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695998,Harpia harpyja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Harpia,harpyja,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680859,Melanerpes superciliaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Melanerpes,superciliaris,,,,,"(Temminck, 1827)", 22691799,Ducula bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,bicolor,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)","Ducula spilorrhoa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as D. spilorrhoa, D. subflavescens and D. constans following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), but D. constans was subsequently lumped with D. spilorrhoa because Christidis and Boles (2008) did not recognize it (an Australian endemic) as a separate species. D. bicolor, D. luctuosa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014, Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) and D. spilorrhoa (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) are retained as separate species contra Christidis and Boles (2008), who included constans, spilorrhoa, subflavescens and luctuosa as subspecies of bicolor.

" 22695499,Accipiter brevipes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,brevipes,,,,,"(Severtsov, 1850)", 22726279,Treron chloropterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,chloropterus,,,,,"Blyth, 1840","

Treron pompadora, T. affinis, T. chloropterus, T. phayrei, T. axillaris and T. aromaticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. pompadora following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 14941,Nycticebus pygmaeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,pygmaeus,,,,,"Bonhote, 1907","Pygmy Slow Lorises are distinct from other slow loris taxa on the basis of their relatively small size (360–580 g); naked black ears; black nose; the fur on the crown patch of the head is orangish to light brown and is diffuse to ears with eye patches rather than sharply forked. The form intermedius is here considered a synonym of Nycticebus pygmaeus. There is no evidence of hybridization, either in the wild or in museum specimens, between N. bengalensis and N. pygmaeus from localities where the two are sympatric. A distinct form of Pygmy Slow Loris has been identified in the south of Viet Nam, but more studies need to be done to confirm the taxonomic status of this subpopulation." 153615,Euastacus brachythorax,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,PARASTACIDAE,Euastacus,brachythorax,,,,,"Riek, 1969", 153995,Cambarus setosus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,MALACOSTRACA,DECAPODA,CAMBARIDAE,Cambarus,setosus,,,,,"Faxon, 1889", 192795,Conus boschorum,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOGASTROPODA,CONIDAE,Conus,boschorum,,,,,"Moolenbeek & Coomans, 1993",This species is classified in Lilliconus. 198291781,Cynoglossus quadriocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PLEURONECTIFORMES,CYNOGLOSSIDAE,Cynoglossus,quadriocellatus,,,,,"Fricke, 2021", 198290445,Dussumieria acuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dussumieria,acuta,,,,,"Valenciennes, 1847","

In the past, there has been confusion arising from the use of the names D. acuta and D. elopsoides. Records of D. acuta in the eastern Mediterranean may refer instead to D. elopsoides (Whitehead 1985). However, this confusion has since been resolved (H. Hata pers. comm. 2017).


Additionally, Dussumieria albulina (Fowler 1934) was formerly regarded as a junior synonym of Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes 1847 but is now regarded as a valid species and is redescribed based on morphological characters (e.g. lacking parasphenoid teeth, higher gill raker counts, slender body, presence of melanophores on mid-part of pectoral fin) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene analysis (Hata et al. 2020). All previous accounts of this nominal species (D. acuta) from Indonesia and the Philippines refers to the newly redescribed D. albulina. For the purposes of this Red List Assessment, D. acuta is distributed along the Eurasian Continent from the Persian Gulf to the Chinese coast and D. albulina is distributed from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. These two species occur sympatrically in the eastern Indian Ocean from the southern coast of India to Singapore (Hata et al. 2020).

" 198284208,Dussumieria albulina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CLUPEIFORMES,CLUPEIDAE,Dussumieria,albulina,,,,,"(Fowler, 1934)","Dussumieria albulina (Fowler 1934) was formerly regarded as a junior synonym of D. acuta Valenciennes 1847. Hata et al. (2020) redescribed D. abulina based on morphological characters (e.g. lacking parasphenoid teeth, higher gill raker counts, slender body, presence of melanophores on mid-part of pectoral fin) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene analysis, validating it as a separate species. All previous accounts of the nominal species, D. acuta from Indonesia and the Philippines refers to this newly redescribed species (D. albulina). For the purposes of this Red List Assessment, D. acuta is distributed along the Eurasian Continent from the Persian Gulf to the Chinese coast and D. albulina is distributed from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. These two species occur sympatrically in the eastern Indian Ocean from the southern coast of India to Singapore (Hata et al. 2020)." 22686325,Amazona barbadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,barbadensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 198409731,Madatyphlops eudelini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Madatyphlops,eudelini,,,,,"Hawlitschek, Scherz, Webster, Ineich & Glaw, 2021",Prior to its formal description this species was listed as Madatyphlops cf. comorensis in Augros and Hawlitschek (2019). 22691186,Treron psittaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,psittaceus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1808)", 22733974,Pyrrhura pfrimeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,pfrimeri,,,,,"Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920", 22714554,Locustella accentor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LOCUSTELLIDAE,Locustella,accentor,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1888)",

Locustella accentor (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bradypterus accentor.

22695683,Accipiter gentilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,gentilis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 104062579,Pachyptila macgillivrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pachyptila,macgillivrayi,,,,,"(Mathews, 1912)", 22691705,Ducula rosacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,rosacea,,,,,"(Temminck, 1835)", 29430,Dendropsophus amicorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,amicorum,,,,,"(Mijares-Urrutia, 1998)","This species is assigned to Dendropsophus minuta species group based on its phylogenetic position, and characterized by its combination of the molecular synapomorphies, and some morphological characteristics (Faivovich et al. 2005). It is distinguished from other species of the genus by its noticeably smaller size (2.26 cm), homogeneously dotted back, presence of interdigital palms, smooth dorsal skin, and cloaca with fleshy fold, among others. A survey conducted by the Ministry of Ecosocialism in 2011 reports D. minutus, D. minusculus, D. microcephalus and D. luteoocellatus for the locality (González-Fernández and Nieves 2011), species that noticeably differ from the description of the holotype. However, updated data on taxonomic and genetic traits are still necessary." 54495,Atelopus carbonerensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,carbonerensis,,,,,"Rivero, 1974",This species was elevated to species status by La Marca (1983). 54500,Atelopus chrysocorallus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,chrysocorallus,,,,,"La Marca, 1994", 54502,Atelopus cruciger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,cruciger,,,,,"(Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856)","The nomenclatural history of this species was detailed by Lötters et al. (1998) and Lötters and La Marca (2001). This species was redescribed by Lötters, La Marca and Vences (2004) after the discovery that the original type material represented Atelopus varius of Central America. The former junior synonym Atelopus vogli is considered to be a distinct species following (Lötters et al. 2004)" 54529,Atelopus mucubajiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,mucubajiensis,,,,,"Rivero, 1974", 54535,Atelopus oxyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,oxyrhynchus,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 54542,Atelopus pinangoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,pinangoi,,,,,"Rivero, 1982", 54554,Atelopus sorianoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,sorianoi,,,,,"La Marca, 1983", 54558,Atelopus tamaense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,tamaense,,,,,"La Marca, García-Pérez & Renjifo, 1990", 54561,Atelopus vogli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,vogli,,,,,"Müller, 1934",This species was recognized as distinct from Atelopus cruciger by Lötters et al. (2004). 54757,Rhinella sclerocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Rhinella,sclerocephala,,,,,"(Mijares-Urrutia & Arends, 2001)","

Until now, this species had not been included in any phylogenetic study, and its relationships with Rhinella alata and the others members of Rhinella margaritifera group are still unknown (dos Santos et al. 2015). The records of “Bufo typhonius alatus” from Curimagua (Falcón state) and Bejuma (Carabobo state) by Rivero (1961, 1964) may correspond to Rhinella sclerocephala.

" 54834,Metaphryniscus sosai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Metaphryniscus,sosai,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994","Señaris et al. (1994) described this monotypic genus based on osteological and morphological characters of adults. Until now, this taxon has not been included in phylogenetic studies. Barrio-Amorós (1998) emended the name sosai to sosae, without explanation. However, recently Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) justified this change." 54849,Oreophrynella cryptica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,cryptica,,,,,"Señaris, 1995","Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical analyses in Kok et al. (2017), and osteology in Kok et al. (2020)." 54850,Oreophrynella huberi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,huberi,,,,,"Diego-Aransay & Gorzula, 1990","Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical analyses in Kok et al. (2017), and osteology in Kok et al. (2020)." 54852,Oreophrynella nigra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,nigra,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994","Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical analyses in Kok et al. (2017), and osteology in Kok et al. (2020)." 54854,Oreophrynella vasquezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Oreophrynella,vasquezi,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994","Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical analyses in Kok et al. (2017), and osteology in Kok et al. (2020)." 54901,Centrolene altitudinalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,altitudinalis,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","In the Centrolene prosoblepon group according to Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch (1991), and Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid (2006)." 54942,Centrolene venezuelense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Centrolene,venezuelense,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","Myers and Donnelly (1997) elevated the subspecies Centrolene buckleyi venezuelensis (Rivero 1968) to species level without explanation. Señaris and Ayarzagüena (2005) supported this decision based on morphological and acoustic differences with respect to typical buckleyi populations. More recent phylogenetic studies support the validity of this species (Guayasamin et al. 2009, Castroviejo‐Fisher et al. 2014, Amador et al. 2018)." 54951,Vitreorana castroviejoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,castroviejoi,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena & Señaris, 1997)","Based on a molecular phylogeny, Guayasamin et al. (2009) reallocated this species in the genus Vitreorana." 54958,Cochranella duidaeana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,duidaeana,,,,,"Ayarzagüena, 1992",This species has not been evaluated in any phylogenetic analysis. Guayasamin et al. (2009) regarded this taxon as incertae sedis within the genus Cochranella sensu lato until more data becomes available. 54987,Cochranella riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Cochranella,riveroi,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena, 1992)",This species has not been evaluated in any phylogenetic analysis. Guayasamin et al. (2009) regarded this taxon as incertae sedis within the genus Cochranella sensu lato until more data becomes available. 55000,Celsiella vozmedianoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Celsiella,vozmedianoi,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena & Señaris, 1996)","Based on a molecular phylogeny, Guayasamin et al. (2009) described the new genus Celsiella to reallocate two endemic species – C. revocata and C. vozmedianoi - from the northern mountain system in Venezuela." 55002,Vitreorana antisthenesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Vitreorana,antisthenesi,,,,,"(Goin, 1963)","Based on its phylogenetic position, and characterized by its combination of the molecular synapomorphies and some morphological characteristics, this species was assigned to Vitreorana, and designated as the type species of this genus (Guayasamin et al. 2009)." 55010,Hyalinobatrachium duranti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,duranti,,,,,"(Rivero, 1985)","This species had been included in phylogenetic studies by Guayasamin et al. (2008, 2009), and Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2014)." 55015,Hyalinobatrachium fragile,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,fragile,,,,,"(Rivero, 1985)","Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2008) examined morphological characters of this species and its phylogenetic relationships with other Hyalinobatarchium populations from the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa." 55016,Hyalinobatrachium guairarepanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,guairarepanense,,,,,"Señaris, 2001","In the genus Hyalinobatrachium based on morphological and behavioral characteristics (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2005, Guayasamin et al. 2009). Until now this species has not been included in any phylogenetic study." 55031,Celsiella revocata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Celsiella,revocata,,,,,"(Rivero, 1985)","Originally described in the genus Centrolenella (Rivero, 1985). Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch (1991) transferred this species to Hyalinobatrachium, and posteriorly to the genus Cochranella (Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch 1998). Based on a molecular phylogeny of the family Centrolenidae, Guayasamin et al. (2009) described the genus Celsiella to reallocate this species (as the type species of the genus) and other endemic glass frog from the northern mountain system in Venezuela: C. vozmedianoi." 55040,Aromobates nocturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,nocturnus,,,,,"Myers, Paolillo-O. & Daly, 1991", 55050,Anomaloglossus ayarzaguenai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,ayarzaguenai,,,,,"(La Marca, 1996)","This species is assigned to the genus Anomaloglossus based on the phenotypic synapomorphies of this clade that is the presence of the median lingual process (Grant et al. 2006). Other features, such as morphological characters, differentiate this species from most species of the genus (La Marca 1998)." 55058,Allobates bromelicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,bromelicola,,,,,"(Test, 1956)","

Originally assigned to Phyllobates (Test 1956) but subsequently transferred to Colostethus by Edwards (1971), and to Allobates by Grant et al. (2006). In both cases, taxonomic changes were based only on morphological evidence. Its phylogenetic position and its relationships with other Allobates species are unknown as this species has not yet been included in any quantitative phylogenetic study.

" 55062,Aromobates capurinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,capurinensis,,,,,"(Péfaur, 1993)", 55072,Prostherapis dunni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Prostherapis,dunni,,,,,"Rivero, 1961","Originally assigned to Prostherapis by Rivero (1961) and later transferred to Colostethus by Edwards (1971). Grant et al. (2006) did not include this species in their phylogenetic hypothesis, however, agree with La Marca (2004) in that its phylogenetic relationships remain enigmatic, and refer it as insertae sedis within Aromobatidae." 55091,Anomaloglossus guanayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,guanayensis,,,,,"(La Marca, 1997)","This species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by a combination of morphological characters (La Marca 1997). Its inclusion in this genus, Anomaloglossus, should be confirmed with the presence of the generic synapomorphy of a median lingual process (Grant et al. 2006)." 55092,Allobates humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,humilis,,,,,"(Rivero, 1978)",Misidentified specimens of Allobates humilis reported by Barrio-Amorós and García Porta (2003) from Táchira State actually represent A. algorei (Barrio-Amorós and Santos 2009). 55104,Aromobates leopardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,leopardalis,,,,,"(Rivero, 1978)", 55108,Allobates mandelorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,mandelorum,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1932)","Originally described as a member of Phyllobates (Schmidt 1932) but subsequently transferred to Prostherapis (Rivero 1961), Colostethus (Edwards 1971), and finally to Allobates (Grant et al. 2006) where is currently allocated (Frost 2020). Although the last change was made in the contexts of an exhaustive phylogenetic study (Grant et al. 2006) this species was not included in the analyses and its reallocation was only based on its overall morphological similarity with other Allobates. Therefore, its phylogenetic relationships remain unknown and its generic position should be considered provisional and pending corroboration." 55117,Anomaloglossus murisipanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,murisipanensis,,,,,"(La Marca, 1997)","This species has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis, so its relationships are unknown (Grant et al. 2017)." 55126,Anomaloglossus parimae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,parimae,,,,,"(La Marca, 1997)","This species has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis, so its relationships are unknown (Grant et al. 2017). Barrio-Amoros et al. (2019) commented that Anomaloglossus tamacuarensis (Myers and Donnelly 1997) must be compared to this species, because they could represent the same taxon." 55127,Anomaloglossus parkerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,parkerae,,,,,"(Meinhardt & Parmalee, 1996)","This species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by a combination of morphological characters (La Marca 1997). Its inclusion in this genus, Anomaloglossus, should be confirmed with the presence of the generic synapomorphy of a median lingual process (Grant et al. 2006)." 55146,Aromobates saltuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,saltuensis,,,,,"(Rivero, 1980)","Barrio-Amorós and Santos (2012) provide new information for this species and suggest that the subpopulation in Colombia referred as Aromobates saltuensis by Grant et al. (2006) is an unnamed species most closely related to Aromobates cannatellai. Also, these authors have doubts about the Colombian references of Anganoy-Criollo (2012) of A. cf. saltuensis." 55147,Allobates sanmartini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,sanmartini,,,,,"(Rivero, Langone & Prigione, 1986)","Originally described as Colostethus sanmartini (Rivero et al. 1986) and later transferred to Allobates (Grant et al. 2006) where it is currently allocated (Frost 2020). Although this generic change was made in the context of an exhaustive phylogenetic study (Grant et al. 2006) the species was not included in the analyses and its reallocation was only based on its overall morphological similarity with other Allobates. Hence, its phylogenetic relationships remain unknown and its generic position should be considered provisional and pending corroboration." 55149,Anomaloglossus shrevei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,shrevei,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)",This species can be distinguished from other closed Guianan species by a combination of morphological characters (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2004). 55161,Allobates undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,undulatus,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 2001)",This species is assigned to monophyletic genus Allobates based on its phenotypic synapomorphies (Grant et al. 2006). A conspicuous nonglandular pad thickening and melanosis above the wrist of A. undulatus males (Myers and Donnelly 2001) is not present in other species of this genus (Grant et al. 2006). 55202,Minyobates steyermarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,DENDROBATIDAE,Minyobates,steyermarki,,,,,"(Rivero, 1971)","This species is recovered in various places throughout the dendrobatine phylogeny, either as sister to the genus Adelphobates or to all other dendrobatines aside from Phyllobates and C. ruthveni (see Frost 2020 for a complete review of the systematic of this taxon). Currently, Minyobates is a monotypic genus, but additional phylogenetic research is needed (La Marca 2016)." 55235,Anomaloglossus rufulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,rufulus,,,,,"(Gorzula, 1990)","Originally described as part of the genus Dendrobates (Gorzula 1990) but subsequently transferred to Epipedobates (Myers 1997), Allobates (Jungfer and Böhme 2004) and lastly to Anomaloglossus (Barrio-Amorós and Santos 2011). This last change was justified by the occurrence in this species of a median lingual process, a phenotypic synapomorphy of Anomaloglossus (Grant et al. 2006, 2017). Its phylogenetic position, as part of Anomaloglossus beebei group was inferred by Grant et al. (2017) and corroborated by Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 55241,Mannophryne caquetio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,caquetio,,,,,"Mijares-Urrutia & Arends, 1999","It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne, has been corroborated by Manzanilla et al. (2009), Grant et al. (2017), and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 55242,Mannophryne collaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,collaris,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1912)","

Originally described as Hyloxalus collaris by Boulenger (1912) (misspelled Hylixalus). Successively moved to Prostherapis and Colostetus by Rivero (1961) and Edwards (1971), respectively, and finally allocated in Mannophryne by La Marca (1992), where still remains. Its taxonomic position has been corroborated in two recent phylogenetic studies (Grant et al. 2017, Rojas-Runjaic 2019).

" 55243,Mannophryne cordilleriana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,cordilleriana,,,,,"La Marca, 1994","Since its description (La Marca 1994) it has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its taxonomic position has been corroborated in two recent phylogenetic studies (Santos et al. 2014, Grant et al. 2017)." 55245,Mannophryne lamarcai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,lamarcai,,,,,"Mijares-Urrutia, 1999","It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne, has been corroborated by Manzanilla et al. (2009), Grant et al. (2017), and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 55246,Mannophryne larandina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,larandina,,,,,"(Yústiz, 1991)","This taxon is suspected to be a synonym of Mannophryne yustizi (Manzanilla et al. 2009, Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019; J. Manzanilla pers. comm. 2020)." 55247,Mannophryne neblina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,neblina,,,,,"(Test, 1956)","Originally described as Prostherapis neblina by Test (1956) and subsequently transferred to Colostethus by Edwards (1971) and to Mannophryne by La Marca (1992). Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne, has been recently corroborated by Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 55248,Mannophryne oblitterata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,oblitterata,,,,,"(Rivero, 1984)","Originally described as Colostethus oblitteratus by Rivero (1984) and later transferred to Mannophryne by La Marca (1992). Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne, has been repeatedly corroborated by Manzanilla et al. (2009), Grant et al. (2017), and Rojas-Runjaic (2019). Colostethus guatopoensis Dixon & Rivero-Blanco 1985, is a junior synonym of this species." 55250,Mannophryne riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,riveroi,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1964)",


55252,Mannophryne yustizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,yustizi,,,,,"(La Marca, 1989)","Mannophryne larandina is suspected to be a junior synonym of this species (Manzanilla et al. 2009, Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019, J. Manzanilla pers. comm. 2020)." 55253,Aromobates alboguttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,alboguttatus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","

Previous to Grant et al. (2006) the genus Aromobates was known only by a single species: A. nocturnus (Myers et al. 1991). Then, Grant et al. (2006) moved all Colostethus of the alboguttatus group (sensu Rivero 1988) or Nephelobates (sensu La Marca 1994) to Aromobates and provided a well-corroborated phylogeny of the genus. Barrio-Amorós and Santos (2012) provide a phylogeny and a list with current threats for all species of the genus. Rivero (1982a) included Colostehus inflexus Rivero, 1978 in the synonymy of C. alboguttatus. Myers, Paolillo and Daly (1991) and La Marca (1997) revive the species as Nephelobates inflexus in their works without explanation. Recently, Barrio-Amorós and Santos (2012) consider inflexus different from A. alboguttatus and a valid species, but without supporting evidence.

" 55254,Aromobates duranti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,duranti,,,,,"(Péfaur, 1985)", 55255,Aromobates haydeeae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,haydeeae,,,,,"(Rivero, 1976)", 55256,Aromobates mayorgai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,mayorgai,,,,,"(Rivero, 1980)",Originally described under the genus Colostethus by Rivero (1980). It was transferred to Nephelobates by La Marca (1994) and most recently reallocated to Aromobates by Grant et al. (2006). Its phylogenetic position (as part of Aromobates) has been corroborated by Rojas-Runjaic (2019). 55257,Aromobates meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,meridensis,,,,,"(Dole & Durant, 1972)","Originally described under the genus Colostethus by Dole and Durant (1972). It was transferred to Nephelobates by La Marca (1994) and lastly reallocated to Aromobates by Grant et al. (2006). Its phylogenetic position (as part of Aromobates) has been corroborated by Barrio-Amorós and Santos (2012), Grant et al. (2017), and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 55258,Aromobates molinarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,molinarii,,,,,"(La Marca, 1985)", 55259,Aromobates orostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,orostoma,,,,,"(Rivero, 1978)","Barrio-Amorós and Santos (2012) suggested that the type material of Aromobates orostoma requires additional examination to confirm its status, and its relationship with A. inflexus should be evaluated." 55260,Aromobates serranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,serranus,,,,,"(Péfaur, 1985)", 55350,Gastrotheca ovifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,ovifera,,,,,"(Lichtenstein & Weinland, 1854)",

It can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the skin co-ossified with the skull and transverse occipital ridge bearing spinous elevations (Duellman 1980).

55363,Gastrotheca walkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,walkeri,,,,,"Duellman, 1980","

It can be distinguished from other species of the genus by triangular dermal calcar present on heel and triangular dermal process present on margin of eyelid (Duellman 1980). It could be a junior synonym of Gastrotheca williamsoni, so its taxonomic status requires further investigation (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019).

" 55365,Gastrotheca williamsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Gastrotheca,williamsoni,,,,,"Gaige, 1922","It can be distinguished from other species of the genus by a combination of morphological characters (Duellman 1980). Gastrotheca walkeri could be a junior synonym of G. williamsoni. The taxonomic status of this species requires further investigation, because it has not been collected since the original description (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019)." 55382,Boana alemani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,alemani,,,,,"(Rivero, 1964)","The taxonomic status of this species is unclear since its description was based on two old and poorly preserved specimens from distant bioregions (holotype from Cagua in Cordillera de La Costa, and paratype from Kunana in Sierra de Perijá). A preliminary examination of the holotype suggests that it could be related to Boana punctata whereas the paratype could be a juvenile B. aff. xerophylla. Additional specimens from Kunana (Zulia state) and from Caracas (Distrito Capital) referred as likely pertaining to B. alemani by Rivero (1964), correspond to juveniles of B. aff. xerophylla. The identity of the specimens recorded from Cojedes and Falcón states must be verified (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019)." 55399,Myersiohyla aromatica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Myersiohyla,aromatica,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena & Señaris, 1993)","

Faivovich et al. (2013) reexamined the holotype of Myersiohyla loveridgei and based on its morphological similarity with M. aromatica suggested the possibility of a senior synonym. More samples of M. aromatica and M. loveridgei are needed for further phylogenetic analyses of the genus, and a reevaluation of their taxonomic status.

" 55406,Dendropsophus battersbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,battersbyi,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","This species has not been included in any phylogeny and its current taxonomic position is doubtful, mainly due to the fact that it is only known from a single and poorly preserved male individual, collected in Caracas (Rivero 1961), which was described initially under the genus Hyla, and later transferred to Dendropsophus (Faivovich et al. 2005). Mijares-Urrutia (1998) mentioned that this species is apparently related to Dendropsophus amicorum and D. minutus." 55518,Hyloscirtus jahni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyloscirtus,jahni,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","Originally described as a member of Hyla by Rivero (1961) and then transferred to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) on the basis of morphological evidence. Its phylogenetic position was corroborated by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018) using molecular data. Centrolenella estevesi Rivero, 1968 is a junior synonym of this species (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019)." 55542,Myersiohyla loveridgei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Myersiohyla,loveridgei,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","Faivovich et al. (2013) reviewed the holotype of the species, complemented the former descriptions of Myersiohyla loveridge by Rivero (1961, “1971” [1972]), and discussed its close morphological similarity with M. aromatica, suggesting the possible synonymy of the latter. More samples of M. aromatica and M. loveridgei are needed for further phylogenetic analyses of the genus, and a reevaluation of their taxonomic status." 55545,Dendropsophus luteoocellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,luteoocellatus,,,,,"(Roux, 1927)","Originally described under the genus Hyla by Roux (1927). It was transferred to Dendropsophus by Faivovich et al. (2005) and allocated into the Dendropsophus parviceps species group. This taxonomic change was based on morphological characteristics shared with other species of that group, but its phylogenetic relationships remain untested." 55555,Dendropsophus meridensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,meridensis,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","Originally described as a subspecies of Hyla vilsoniana by Rivero (1961) and later elevated to the species level by Duellman (1989), who also assigned it to the labialis group. It was moved to the genus Dendropsophus by Faivovich et al. (2005) on the basis of molecular phylogenetic evidence. According to Guarnizo et al. (2012), D. pelidnus could be a junior synonym of this species but it is still considered valid for this assessment." 55638,Boana rhythmica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,rhythmica,,,,,"(Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2002)","Removed from the synonymy of Hyla (as Hypsiboas), and placed in the Hypsiboas benitezi Group by Faivovich et al. (2005, 2006). Dubois (2017) concluded that Boana is the appropriate generic name for Hypsiboas." 55700,Dendropsophus yaracuyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Dendropsophus,yaracuyanus,,,,,"(Mijares-Urrutia & Rivero, 2000)","

Originally described under the genus Hyla by Mijares-Urrutia and Rivero (2000). It was transferred to Dendropsophus by Faivovich et al. (2005) based only on morphological similarity and remained unassigned to any species group. Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) assigned it to the Dendropsophus parviceps species group, but also on the basis of its overall similarity with the other species in that group. Its phylogenetic relationships remain unknown.

" 55856,Agalychnis medinae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Agalychnis,medinae,,,,,"(Funkhouser, 1962)","This species was transferred to Agalychnis by Faivovich et al. (2010), but was not assigned to any species group. Until now this leaf frog is still missing in phylogenetic analyses and its evolutionary relationships are unknown." 55933,Scinax baumgardneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,baumgardneri,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","In the Scinax ruber clade, but not assigned to any species group (Faivovich et al. 2005). Scinax lyndsayi described by Pyburn (1992) from the Vaupes River between Brazil and Colombia, could be a junior synonym of Scinax baumgardneri according to Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019)." 55950,Scinax danae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Scinax,danae,,,,,"(Duellman, 1986)","Faivovich et al. (2005) placed this species in the Scinax ruber clade, but unassigned to any group." 56027,Stefania ginesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,ginesi,,,,,"Rivero, 1968","Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Stefania populations in the Guiana Shield in Kok et al. (2012, 2016, 2017) and Salerno et al. (2012). In the ginesi clade sensu Kok et al. (2017), who also noted unnamed species covered by this species name in the Chimantá massif." 56028,Stefania goini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,goini,,,,,"Rivero, 1968","

Kok et al. (2017) provided a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Stefania populations in the Pantepui, and noted several unnamed species.


" 56029,Stefania marahuaquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,marahuaquensis,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","

Kok et al. (2017) provided a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Eastern Guianan Stefania populations, and noted several unnamed species.

" 56030,Stefania oculosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,oculosa,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzaguena & Gorzula, 1997","Kok et al. (2017) provided a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Guianan Stefania populations, and noted several unnamed species." 56031,Stefania percristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,percristata,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzaguena & Gorzula, 1997","

Kok et al. (2017) provided a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Guiana Stefania populations, and noted several unnamed species.

" 56032,Stefania riae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,riae,,,,,"Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1984","Kok et al. (2017) provided a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Eastern Guiana Stefania populations, and noted several unnamed species. One sample of Stefania riae has been incorporated in these phylogenetic analyses (Castroviejo et al. 2015; Kok et al. 2012, 2016, 2017)." 56033,Stefania riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,riveroi,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzaguena & Gorzula, 1997","Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Stefania populations in the Guiana Shield in Kok et al. (2012, 2017). In the riveroi clade sensu Kok et al. (2017)." 56035,Stefania satelles,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,satelles,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1997","This genus has recently been moved from the family Hylidae (Faivovich et al. 2005). Some specimens of this species resemble Stefania ginesi, but in these cases their general aspect is that of a somewhat slimmer and slightly smaller frog. Specimens from Terekeyuren (Murisipan) tepui and Kamarkawarai tepui, from the Los Testigos massif, closely resemble S. satelles, but were not assigned to this species pending further specimens becoming available." 56037,Stefania schuberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,schuberti,,,,,"Señaris, Ayarzaguena & Gorzula, 1997","Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Stefania populations in the Guiana Shield in Kok et al. (2012, 2017). Not assigned to any clade, and pending further investigation (Kok et al. 2017)." 56040,Tepuihyla aecii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,aecii,,,,,"Ayarzaguena, Señaris & Gorzula, 1993","Several recent phylogenetic studies suggest that the species of Tepuihyla (including a sample of T. aecii) evolved recently from a common lowland ancestor, and not a long time ago as usually suspected for endemics amphibians in the Pantepui (Kok et al. 2012; Salerno et al. 2012, 2015; Jungfer et al. 2013)." 56382,Dischidodactylus colonnelloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Dischidodactylus,colonnelloi,,,,,"Ayarzagüena, 1985","This species has been placed in various families (Lynch 1979, Hedges et al. 2008, Pyron and Wiens 2011, Padial et al. 2014). It differs greatly in external morphology from the other Guiana genus Ceuthomantis and all other Terraranae. However, the phylogenetic position of genus Dischidodactylus has never been evaluated using molecular data. Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) noted the uncertainty surrounding the taxonomic placement of this genus, and the need for further research to clarify its relationships." 56383,Dischidodactylus duidensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Dischidodactylus,duidensis,,,,,"Rivero, 1968","

This species has been placed in various families (Lynch 1979, Hedges et al. 2008, Pyron and Wiens 2011, Padial et al. 2014). It differs greatly in external morphology from the other Guiana genus Ceuthomantis and all other Terraranae. However, the phylogenetic position of genus Dischidodactylus has never been evaluated using molecular data. Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) noted the uncertainty surrounding the taxonomic placement of this genus, and the need for further research to clarify its relationships.

" 56423,Pristimantis anotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,anotis,,,,,"(Walker & Test, 1955)","In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) unistrigatus species group by Hedges et al. (2008). This species has not been included in any phylogenetic study, and has not been assigned to any species group in the last molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs of Padial et al. (2014). In the family Strabomantidae sensu Heinicke et al. (2018)." 56444,Pristimantis avius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,avius,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 1997)","In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) unistrigatus species group by Hedges et al. (2008), but not assigned to any species group in the last molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs of Padial et al. (2014)." 56461,Pristimantis bicumulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,bicumulus,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)","Originally described in the genus Hylodes by Peters (1863), and subsequently transferred to Eleutherodactylus by Stejneger (1904) and Pristimantis by Heinicke et al. (2007) where it is currently placed (Frost 2020). Not assigned to any species group by Hedges et al. (2008) or Padial et al. (2014). Its evolutionary relationships within Pristimantis are unknown as it has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis. According to Lynch and La Marca (1993), Eleutherodactylus lancini Rivero 1961, E. racenisi Rivero 1961, and E. williamsi Rivero 1961, are junior synonyms of this species. Lynch and La Marca (1993) further suggested that Eleutherodactylus rozei Rivero 1961 could be an additional junior synonym of Pristimantis reticulatus, but this must be evaluated." 56464,Strabomantis biporcatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Strabomantis,biporcatus,,,,,"Peters, 1863","Originally described as Strabomantis biporcatus (Peters 1863) but later transferred to Eleutherodactylus (Dunn 1931), Craugastor (Crawford and Smith 2005) and again to Strabomantis (Hedges et al. 2008) where it is currently allocated (Frost 2020). Its phylogenetic relationships based on molecular data, were first inferred by Hedges et al. (2008) and later corroborated by Padial et al. (2014). Hylodes maussi Boettger 1893 is a junior synonym of this species (Savage and Myers 2002)." 56467,Pristimantis boconoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,boconoensis,,,,,"(Rivero & Mayorga, 1973)","The genus Paramophrynella was proposed by La Marca (2007); Hedges et al. (2008), however, subsequently placed Paramophrynella in the synonymy of Pristimantis, which includes Pristimantis boconoensis. Recent genetic studies confirm the distinctiveness of the group, but does not guarantee its full genus status (E. La Marca pers. comm. 2020)." 56476,Pristimantis briceni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,briceni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","La Marca (2007) erected the genus Mucubatrachus to accommodate species that have a dermal fold posterior to the urostyle and before the cloaca. Hedges et al. (2008), however, subsequently placed Mucubatrachus in the synonymy of Pristimantis. Further genetic studies are needed to determine the degree of differentiation of this group of species which share a morphological synapomorphy (E. La Marca pers. comm. 2020)." 56490,Pristimantis cantitans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,cantitans,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)","

In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) unistrigatus species group by Hedges et al. (2008), but not assigned to any species group in the last molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs of Padial et al. (2014).

" 56519,Pristimantis colostichos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,colostichos,,,,,"(La Marca & Smith, 1982)", 56614,Pristimantis ginesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ginesi,,,,,"(Rivero, 1964)","La Marca (2007) erected the genus Paramophrynella for this and related species. This genus had been considered a synonym of Pristimantis by Hedges et al. (2008), and later Barrio-Amorós et al. (2013) reinforced this synonym with molecular data. Not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014)." 56667,Pristimantis incertus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,incertus,,,,,"(Lutz, 1927)","The confused taxonomic history involving the names Hylodes anonymus Lutz 1927, Hylodes incertus Lutz 1927 and Eleutherodactylus terraebolivaris Rivero, 1961 was clarified by Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019). Thus, all previous references to Pristimantis terraebolivaris are attributed to Pristimantis incertus. In the Pristimantis conspicillatus species group (Hedges et al. 2008, Padial et al. 2014). In the Family Strabomantidae by Heinicke et al. (2018)." 56699,Pristimantis lancinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,lancinii,,,,,"(Donoso-Barros, 1965)","

The species was named in 1965 by Roberto Donoso Barros as Eleutherodactylus lancinii, but the formal description was published later (Donoso-Barros, 1968). Other descriptions are in Rivero (1982) and La Marca (2007). La Marca (2007) created the new genus Mucubatrachus for this and related species, that was afterwards regarded as a synonym of Pristimantis by Hedges et al. (2008) and later confirmed by molecular data (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2013).

 

" 56826,Pristimantis paramerus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,paramerus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1982)","La Marca (2007) recently erected the genus Mucubatrachus to accommodate species that have a dermal fold posterior to the urostyle and before the cloaca. Hedges et al. (2008), however, subsequently placed Mucubatrachus in the synonymy of Pristimantis." 56881,Pristimantis pruinatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pruinatus,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)","Not assigned to any species group in the original description (Myers and Donnelly, 1996), neither in the molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs by Hedges et al. (2008) or Padial et al. (2014). The phylogenetic relationships of this species are totally unknown." 56907,Pristimantis reticulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,reticulatus,,,,,"(Walker & Test, 1955)","Originally described in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Walker and Test 1955) and later transferred to Pristimantis (Heinicke et al. 2007). Not assigned to any species group by Hedges et al. (2008) or Padial et al. (2014) as it was not included in any phylogenetic analysis. Its evolutionary relationships remain unknown. Lynch and La Marca (1993) mentioned that Eleutherodactylus rozei Rivero 1961 could be a junior synonym of Pristimantis reticulatus, but this awaits corroboration." 56918,Pristimantis riveroi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,riveroi,,,,,"(Lynch & La Marca, 1993)",Originally described as a member of Eleutherodactylus (Lynch and La Marca 1993) and later transferred to Pristimantis (Heinicke et al. 2007). Not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014). Its evolutionary relationships remain unknown as it has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis. 56926,Pristimantis rozei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rozei,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","

Originally described as a member of Eleutherodactylus (Rivero 1961) and later transferred to Pristimantis (Heinicke et al. 2007). In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) unistrigatus species group of Hedges et al. (2008), but not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014) as it has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis. Its evolutionary relationships within Pristimantis remain unknown. According to Lynch and La Marca (1993), this species could be conspecific with Pristimantis reticulatus.

" 56978,Pristimantis stenodiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,stenodiscus,,,,,"(Walker & Test, 1955)",Originally described as a member of Eleutherodactylus (Walker and Test 1955) and later transferred to Pristimantis (Heinicke et al. 2007). Hedges et al. (2008) and Padial et al. (2014) also listed this species as part of Pristimantis but did not assign it to any species group as it was not included in their phylogenetic analyses. Its evolutionary relationships remain unknown. 57020,Pristimantis turumiquirensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,turumiquirensis,,,,,"(Rivero, 1961)","This species is assigned to the unistrigatus species group by Hedges et al. (2008), based on its morphological characteristics, although it has not been assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014)." 57028,Pristimantis vanadise,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,vanadise,,,,,"(La Marca, 1984)","There are two available descriptions for this frog: Eleutherodactylus vanadise by La Marca (1984) and that of its synonym Eleutherodactylus cerasoventris (Rivero 1984 “1982”). Even though these descriptions were based on 29 and 36 specimens respectively, the variation in nature was not fully represented. Barrio-Amorós et al. (2013) reported four chromotypes, based on 98 specimens. In the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group according to the original publication (La Marca 1984) and Hedges et al. (2008); not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014). In the Family Strabomantidae by Heinicke et al. (2018)." 57062,Pristimantis yaviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,yaviensis,,,,,"(Myers & Donnelly, 1996)","

In the Pristimantis (Pristimantis) unistrigatus species group by Hedges et al. (2008), but not assigned to any species group in the last molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs of Padial et al. (2014).

" 57143,Leptodactylus magistris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,magistris,,,,,"Mijares-Urrutia, 1997","

This species is assigned to Leptodactylus melanonotus species group based on its phylogenetic position, and characterized by its combination of the molecular synapomorphies, and some morphological characteristics (de Sá et al. 2014). This species is known only from the Cerro Socopó region in Venezuela. There are no other described species having toe fringes and lacking dorsolateral folds in the area where the Venezuelan states of Falcón, Lara and Zulia converge (de Sá et al. 2014). However, updated data on taxonomic and genetic traits are still necessary, considering several populations in Venezuela and Colombia (Magdalena and Maracaibo basin) could not be assigned to diagnosable species (Heyer 1994).

" 59141,Bolitoglossa borburata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,borburata,,,,,"Trapido, 1942","This species was the first endemic salamander described from Venezuela. It was described by Trapido in 1942 using a single specimen collected in the vicinity of the Borburata River Valley in Carabobo state. This author suggested that a specimen from Río San Esteban, Carabobo state, was B. borburata and not B. altamazonica as previously suggested by Dunn (1926). Specimens reported from Falcón state (Linares 1974, Mijares-Urrutia and Arends 2000) and Yaracuy state (Barrio-Amorós 1999, Lotzkat 2007) might represent a different taxon (Mijares-Urrutia and Arends 2000, Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019). We tentatively consider the populations from Yaracuy as part of the same taxon although a taxonomic assessment is required. The phylogenetic position of this species is unclear. Parra-Olea et al. (2004) assigned this species to the B. (Eladinea) adspersa group based on its South American distribution." 59165,Bolitoglossa guaramacalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,guaramacalensis,,,,,"Schargel, Garcia-Perez & Smith, 2002","Schargel et al. (2002) mentioned that this species is morphologically more similar to B. adspersa, B. borburata, B. savagei, B. taylori, and B. vallecula than the geographically close species, B. orestes. Apparently, such difference is also applicable to the most recently described species B. mucuyensis, which is the sister species of B. orestes (García-Gutiérrez et al. 2013). This species was tentatively assigned to the B. adspersa group by Schargel et al. (2002). Parra-Olea et al. (2004) placed B. guaramacalensis in the B. (Eladinea) adspersa group based on its South American distribution." 59513,Caecilia flavopunctata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,flavopunctata,,,,,"Roze & Solano, 1963","As stated by Maciel and Hoogmoed (2018) “the systematics of the genus Caecilia is one of the major challenges to be solved in the Neotropical region”. We agree with the authors as many species have been described based on only a few collected specimens (that is the case for this species) and in some cases without localities known. Recently, a similar species was described by the aforementioned authors from French Guiana. However, both differ in several morphological traits used traditionally in the taxonomy of Caecilia. Despite the fact that this species was based on a single individual, the species has been validated by different authors (p.e. Taylor 1968, Nussbaum and Wilkinson 1989, Maciel and Hoogmed 2018)." 61765,Allobates pittieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,pittieri,,,,,"(La Marca, Manzanilla & Mijares-Urrutia, 2004)","Originally assigned to Colostethus by La Marca et al. (2004) and later transferred to Allobates by Grant et al. (2006) based on morphological similarities. Recently, Grant et al. (2017) corroborate it as part of Allobates (and sister to A. humilis from Venezuelan Andes) in their revisited phylogeny of Dendrobatoidea." 61766,Anomaloglossus triunfo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,triunfo,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós, Fuentes & Rivas, 2004)",This species can be distinguished from other Guianan species by a combination of morphological characters (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2004). Its name could be a synonym of A. parkerae (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019). 61767,Anomaloglossus wothuja,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,wothuja,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós, Fuentes & Rivas, 2004)","Originally assigned to Colostethus (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2004) but then transferred to Anomaloglossus by Grant et al. (2006). Anomaloglossus verbeeksnyderorum Barrio-Amorós et al. 2010, could be a junior synonym of this species based on preliminary evidence (Kok et al. 2012, Grant et al. 2017, Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019, Rojas-Runjaic 2019). Further studies are required to determine the taxonomic status of the latter." 61809,Pristimantis kareliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,kareliae,,,,,"(La Marca, 2005)", 61813,Pristimantis marahuaka,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,marahuaka,,,,,"(Fuentes & Barrio-Amorós, 2004)",This species can be easily distinguished from other Guiana Shield species by a combination of morphological characters (Fuentes and Barrio-Amorós 2004). 61815,Pristimantis pedimontanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pedimontanus,,,,,"(La Marca, 2004)", 61820,Pristimantis telefericus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,telefericus,,,,,"(La Marca, 2005)", 61821,Pristimantis yustizi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,yustizi,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós & Chacón-Ortiz, 2004)","In the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group of Hedges et al. (2008), but not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014). In the Pristimantis conspicillatus group (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019). In the Family Strabomantidae by Heinicke et al. (2018)." 61834,Stefania breweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Stefania,breweri,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Fuentes, 2003","

Kok et al. (2017) provided a molecular phylogeny and biogeography of eastern Stefania populations in the Pantepui, and noted several unnamed species.

" 135729,Pristimantis culatensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,culatensis,,,,,"(La Marca, 2007)","This species was originally described in the genus Mucubatrachus by La Marca (2007). Hedges et al. (2008), however, placed Mucubatrachus in the synonymy of Pristimantis. Further genetic studies are needed to determine the degree of differentiation of this group of species which share a morphological synapomorphy (E. La Marca pers. comm. 2020)." 135748,Pristimantis jabonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,jabonensis,,,,,"(La Marca, 2007)","The species was originally described within the genus Paramophrynella, which Hedges et al. (2008) placed in synonymy with Pristimantis. Pristimantis jabonensis belongs to a group of small-sized páramo frogs usually found in sympatry with members of another group of frogs to which Pristimantis lancinii belongs (E. La Marca pers. comm. 2020). The latter group of species, originally placed in the genus Mucubatrachus (also currently in synonymy with Pristimantis) are larger frogs with a unique derived character that was used as a synapomorphy for the group (La Marca 2007). Further molecular genetic studies are needed to ascertain the phylogenetic relationships among those frogs (E. La Marca pers. comm. 2020)." 135842,Phyllomedusa neildi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PHYLLOMEDUSIDAE,Phyllomedusa,neildi,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, 2006","This species appears as a sister species to Phyllomedusa trinitatis, suggesting P. neildi could be conspecific with the former (Faivovich et al. 2010), despite the striking morphological differences in size and call structure (Barrio-Amorós 2006)." 135883,Boana jimenezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Boana,jimenezi,,,,,"(Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2006)","Possibly related to some of the green tree frogs of the punctatus group (sensu Faivovich et al. 2005) according to the original description of the species (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2006). Dubois (2017) concluded that Boana is the appropriate generic name for Hypsiboas species. The specimens from Chimantá massif and Cerro Guanay referred as cf. jimenezi by Señaris and Ayarzagüena (2006) require additional studies to define their full identity." 136009,Pristimantis thyellus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,thyellus,,,,,"(La Marca, 2007)","La Marca (2007) erected the genus Mucubatrachus to accommodate species that have a dermal fold posterior to the urostyle and before the cloaca. Hedges et al. (2008), however, subsequently placed Mucubatrachus in the synonymy of Pristimantis. Pristimantis thyellus can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters and colour patterns (La Marca 2007)." 136032,Pristimantis flabellidiscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,flabellidiscus,,,,,"(La Marca, 2007)",Pristimantis flabellidiscus can be distinguished from other similar species by very expanded discs and a combination of morphological characters and colour patterns (La Marca 2007). 136051,Anomaloglossus breweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,breweri,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós, 2006)",This species can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters (Barrio-Amorós 2006). 136066,Ceuthomantis aracamuni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Ceuthomantis,aracamuni,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós & Molina, 2006)","Described originally in genus Eleutherodactylus (Barrio-Amorós and Molina 2006), subsequently transferred to Pristimantis by Heinicke et al. (2007), and posteriorly to Ceuthomantis by Heinicke et al. (2009) whom also erected a new family, Ceuthomantidae, for this taxon. The diverse group of Terrarana is still under phylogenetic revision, and different family and subfamily arrangements for the genus Ceuthomantis have been suggested (Pyron and Wiens 2011, Padial et al. 2014, Heinicke et al. 2018) (see Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019 and Frost 2019 for a summary). In all these studies, Ceuthomantis appears as the most basal lineage within the Terrarana (direct-developing frogs)." 136073,Hyalinobatrachium tatayoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,tatayoi,,,,,"Castroviejo-Fisher, Ayarzagüena & Vilà, 2007","Some phylogenetic analyses suggest that Hyalinobatrachium tatayoi could be a junior synonym of H. fleischmanni (Boettger 1893) since it renders paraphyletic with this species, and its mitochondrial markers do not diverge noticeably from those of the populations of H. fleishmanni from the Chocan region in Panamá, Colombia and Ecuador (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2009, Mendoza et al. 2019). Ongoing integrative studies will determine if H. tatayoi is in fact a junior synonym of H. fleishmanni or if the latter is restricted to Central America, and the Chocoan and South American populations correspond to more than one cryptic species, different from H. fleishmanni but with little mitochondrial divergence." 136097,Allobates caribe,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Allobates,caribe,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós, Rivas & Kaiser, 2006)","This species was originally described as Colostethus caribe, but a year later was moved to the genus Allobates based on its morphological characteristics (Lötters et al. 2007).

Lötters et al. (2007: 60) in an apparent transcription mistake made reference to this species as Anomaloglossus caribe." 136100,Pristimantis rhigophilus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,rhigophilus,,,,,"(La Marca, 2007)","La Marca (2007) erected the genus Mucubatrachus to accommodate species that have a dermal fold posterior to the urostyle and before the cloaca. Hedges et al. (2008), however, subsequently placed Mucubatrachus in the synonymy of Pristimantis. Pristimantis rhigophilus can be distinguished from other similar species by a combination of morphological characters and colour patterns (La Marca 2007)." 136122,Mannophryne trujillensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,trujillensis,,,,,"Vargas Galarce & La Marca, 2007",It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position within Mannophryne has been corroborated by Rojas-Runjaic (2019). 136125,Mannophryne leonardoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,leonardoi,,,,,"Manzanilla, La Marca, Jowers, Sánchez & García-Paris, 2005","Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne and belonging to the M. trinitatis species group, has been corroborated by Manzanilla et al. (2009), Grant et al. (2017) and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 136133,Leptodactylus turimiquensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,LEPTODACTYLIDAE,Leptodactylus,turimiquensis,,,,,"Heyer, 2005",This species is assigned to the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group based on morphological characteristics and traits (Heyer 2005). 136174,Mannophryne venezuelensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,venezuelensis,,,,,"Manzanilla, Jowers, La Marca & García-Paris, 2007","It has not undergone taxonomic changes and there are no doubts about the validity of this species. Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne and belonging to the M. trinitatis species group, has been corroborated by Manzanilla et al. (2009), Grant et al. (2017), and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 171808,Anomaloglossus moffetti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,moffetti,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías, 2008","This species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by a combination of morphological characters. It is assigned to this genus by the presence of the generic synapomorphy of a median lingual process (Barrio-Amorós and Brewer-Carías 2008). Barrio-Amorós et al. (2019) state that this species should be compared to Anomaloglossus ayarzaguenai, as both could represent the same taxon, since they are from neighboring tepuis." 171810,Hyalinobatrachium mesai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,mesai,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías, 2008","The validity of this species has been questioned, and it has been suggested that it could be conspecific with Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense (Guayasamin and North 2009, Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2009, Castroviejo-Fischer et al. 2011)." 171813,Pristimantis sarisarinama,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,sarisarinama,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Brewer-Carías, 2008","This species can be easily distinguished from other Tepui species of Pristimantis by a combination of morphological characters, such as the absence of calcars, shagreened dorsal skin, distinct iris color, and distinct dorsal pattern (Barrio-Amorós and Brewer-Carías 2008)." 172286,Pristimantis auricarens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,auricarens,,,,,"Myers & Donnelly, 2008","In the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group according to the original description (Myers and Donnelly 2008), but not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014). In the family Strabomantidae sensu Heinicke et al. (2018)." 173002,Pristimantis fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,fasciatus,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Infante, 2007","

Assigned to the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group in its original description (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2008), but listed as unassigned to a species group by Padial et al. (2014). Its phylogenetic relationships remain unknown.

" 173003,Pristimantis turik,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,turik,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Infante, 2007",In the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group according to Barrio-Amorós et al. (2008) but unassigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014). Their evolutionary relationships within Pristimantis are unknown because it has not yet been included in any quantitative phylogenetic study. 185662,Pristimantis muchimuk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,muchimuk,,,,," Barrio-Amorós, Mesa, Brewer-Carías & McDiarmid, 2010","Originally assigned to the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group by Barrio-Amorós et al. (2010) but later referred as not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014). Its phylogenetic relationships within Pristimantis remain unknown, but its validity is not questioned. Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2013) amended its definition and described the variation in its external morphology." 185792,Cryptobatrachus remotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HEMIPHRACTIDAE,Cryptobatrachus,remotus,,,,,"Infante-Rivero, Rojas-Runjaic & Barrio-Amorós, 2009","Its phylogenetic position has been inferred by Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2015). Its phylogenetic relationship with Cryptobatrachus pedroruizi Lynch, 2008 must be assessed in order to determine if these two species are conspecific, as both are geographically close and morphologically similar." 190995,Mannophryne speeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,speeri,,,,,"La Marca, 2009", 194802,Tachiramantis lassoalcalai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Tachiramantis,lassoalcalai,,,,,"(Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Barros, 2010)",Barrio-Amorós et al. (2010) noted that it shares morphological similarities with the Pristimantis lentiginosus species group of Rivero (1984). Padial et al. (2014) recognized P. lassoalcalai as part of Pristimantis but as unassigned to species group. Heinicke et al. (2015) moved it to Tachiramantis. 196452,Ceuthomantis duellmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Ceuthomantis,duellmani,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, 2010","The diverse group of Terrarana is still under phylogenetic revision, and different family and subfamily arrangements for the genus Ceuthomantis had been suggested (Heinicke et al. 2009, Pyron and Wiens 2011, Padial et al. 2014, Heinicke et al. 2018) (see Frost 2019 for a summary). In these studies, Ceuthomantis appears as the most basal lineage within the Terrarana (New World direct-developing frogs).
" 197090,Aromobates tokuko,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,tokuko,,,,,"Rojas-Runjaic, Infante-Rivero & Barrio-Amorós, 2011","Its phylogenetic position, as part of Aromobates, has been corroborated by Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 18435600,Pristimantis yuruaniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,yuruaniensis,,,,,"Rödder & Jungfer, 2008","Not assigned to any species group in the original description (Rödder and Jungfer 2008) or in Padial et al. (2014). The specimens mentioned as Pristimantis cf. yuruaniensis by Rödder and Junger 2008) from the Kukenán-tepui correspond to P. aureoventris (Jablonski et al. 2017). In a recent exploratory molecular analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Pristimantis in the Guiana Shield, Kok et al. (2018) considered this species to be in the “unistrigatus” group." 46263363,Hyalinobatrachium orocostale,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CENTROLENIDAE,Hyalinobatrachium,orocostale,,,,,"(Rivero, 1968)","Originally described by Rivero (1968) as Centrolenella orocostale. Cannatella and Lamar (1986) considered this species as a junior synonym of Centrolenella orientalis, and later Ruíz-Carranza and Lynch (1991) placed it in the genus Hyalinobatrachium. Based on phylogenetic analysis and new natural history data, Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2009) removed this species from the synonymy of Hyalinobatrachium orientalis. More recently Jowers et al. (2014) reanalyzed the phylogenetic relationships of this species and its closely related sister species Hyalinobatrachium fragile, and H. orientale (from Venezuela mainland, and Trinidad and Tobago)." 60883364,Bolitoglossa orestes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,orestes,,,,,"Brame & Wake, 1962","Fermin et al. (2012) synonymized Bolitoglossa spongai (described by Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos in 1999), also from Sierra La Culata, under B. orestes based on molecular evidence (16S, cytb and cox genes sequence analysis) and morphological data. Specimens from Sierra Nevada de Mérida, previously considered as B. orestes, are actually specimens of its sister species, B. mucuyensis (García-Gutiérrez et al. 2013). Bolitoglossa orestes was placed in the B. (Eladinea) adspersa group by Parra-Olea et al. (2004).
" 77320421,Anomaloglossus verbeeksnyderorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Anomaloglossus,verbeeksnyderorum,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Santos & Jovanovic, 2010","Preliminary evidence from several phylogenetic studies (Kok et al. 2012, Grant et al. 2017, Rojas-Runjaic 2019) indicates that it could be a junior synonym of Anomaloglossus wothuja (Barrio-Amorós, Fuentes & Rivas, 2004). Further studies including comparative morphology and bioacoustical data are required to determine its taxonomic status." 77342583,Aromobates cannatellai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,cannatellai,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Santos, 2012",It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position was inferred from molecular data by Barrio-Amorós and Santos (2012) and then corroborated in the total evidence analyses of Grant et al. (2017) and Rojas-Runjaic (2019). 77342634,Aromobates ericksonae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,ericksonae,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Santos, 2012", 77342653,Aromobates ornatissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,ornatissimus,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Rivero & Santos, 2011","It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position was inferred from molecular data by Barrio-Amorós et al. (2011) and then corroborated by Barrio-Amorós and Santos (2012), and in the total evidence analyses of Grant et al. (2017) and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 77342769,Aromobates walterarpi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,walterarpi,,,,,"La Marca & Otero-López, 2012", 77342836,Aromobates zippeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Aromobates,zippeli,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós & Santos, 2012","Since its description (Barrio-Amorós and Santos 2012) it has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its taxonomic position has been corroborated in two recent phylogenetic studies (Grant et al. 2017, Rojas-Runjaic 2019)." 77347467,Bolitoglossa mucuyensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,mucuyensis,,,,,"García-Gutiérrez, Escalona, Mora, de Pascual & Fermin, 2013","

Specimens of this species were previously identified as B. orestes (Barrio-Amorós and Fuentes-Ramos 1999, García-Gutiérrez et al. 2013). The molecular and morphological analyses of Fermin et al. (2012) shed light on the species diversity and its known distribution in the vicinity of Mérida city. Thus, B. mucuyensis was described from La Mucuy region, at Sierra Nevada de Mérida, and B. orestes was restricted to the Sierra La Culata, the close parallel mountain chain (García-Gutiérrez et al. 2013). It is unclear if specimens from the road Mérida-El Morro, at Sierra Nevada de Mérida (stored at the Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, MHNLS), belong to B. mucuyensis. B. mucuyensis is the sister species of B. orestes and it is member of the B. adspersa group (García-Gutiérrez et al. 2013).

" 78519340,Mannophryne orellana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,orellana,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Santos & Molina, 2010","It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne, has been corroborated by Grant et al. (2017) and Rojas-Runjaic (2019) based on total evidence analyses." 78519358,Mannophryne urticans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,urticans,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Santos & Molina, 2010","It has not undergone taxonomic changes. Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne, has been corroborated by Grant et al. (2017) and Rojas-Runjaic (2019) based on total evidence analyses." 78535882,Pristimantis abakapa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,abakapa,,,,,"Rojas-Runjaic, Salerno, Señaris & Pauly, 2013","Originally assigned to the non-monophyletic Pristimantis unistrigatus species group (Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2013) but later referred to as unassigned to a species group by Padial et al. (2014). Its phylogenetic relationships have been inferred by Kok et al. (2012, 2018)." 78537198,Pristimantis ameliae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,ameliae,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, 2012","This species has not been included in any phylogenetic study, and was not assigned to any species group in the last molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs of Padial et al. (2014). In the Family Strabomantidae by Heinicke et al. (2018)." 78543194,Pristimantis imthurni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,imthurni,,,,,"Kok, 2013", 78544860,Pristimantis jamescameroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,jamescameroni,,,,,"Kok, 2013", 79080028,Mannophryne vulcano,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,vulcano,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Santos & Molina, 2010","Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne and belonging to the M. trinitatis species group, has been corroborated by Grant et al. (2017) and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 79080275,Mannophryne herminae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,herminae,,,,,"(Boettger, 1893)","Originally described as Prostherapis herminae by Boettger (1893). It was synonymized with Phyllobates trinitatis by Barbour and Noble (1920) although that synonymy was not widely accepted. Edwards (1971) considered it a valid species but in Colostethus. Rivero (1984) in turn, treated it as a subspecies of Colostethus trinitatis (C. t. herminae). Finally, it was transferred to Mannophryne and again recognized as a full species by La Marca (1992). Its phylogenetic position, as part of Mannophryne, has been repeatedly corroborated by Manzanilla et al. (2009), Grant et al. (2017), and Rojas-Runjaic (2019)." 79113413,Pristimantis conservatio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,conservatio,,,,,"Barrio-Amorós, Heinicke & Hedges, 2013","Discovered during the 2010 RAP to Calderas by Conservation International (Rial et al. 2010), and described afterwards by Barrio-Amorós et al. (2013) among the tuberculated Pristimantis of Venezuela. A basic phylogenetic analysis was performed including this species (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2013), showing that P. conservatio is sister and apparently vicariant of P. vanadise from the other side of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida. Not assigned to any species group in the last molecular analysis of the New World direct-developing frogs of Padial et al. (2014). In the Family Strabomantidae by Heinicke et al. (2018)." 79113633,Pristimantis pleurostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pleurostriatus,,,,,"(Rivero, 1984)","This species was described in 1984 by Juan Rivero, but the type material remains in bad condition. Since the description, no other information was gathered about the species, until Barrio-Amorós et al. (2013) redescribed the species with fresh material, including its advertisement call and phylogeny. In the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group according to the original publication (Rivero 1984), but not assigned to any species group by Hedges et al. (2008) and Padial et al. (2014). In the Family Strabomantidae by Heinicke et al. (2018)." 79113839,Pristimantis guaiquinimensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,guaiquinimensis,,,,,"(Schlüter & Rödder, 2007)","In the Pristimantis unistrigatus species group according to the original description (Schlüter and Rödder 2007) and Hedges et al. (2008), but not assigned to any species group by Padial et al. (2014). After a detailed morphological review of the type material from the Guaiquinima-tepui, Kok and Barrio-Amorós (2013) considered Pristimantis tepuiensis as a junior synonym of P. guaiquinimensis." 87735771,Myersiohyla inparquesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Myersiohyla,inparquesi,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena & Señaris, 1994)",

Faivovich et al. (2013) described two new species from La Neblina massif and changed the nominal type species of the genus from Hyla inparquesi to Myersiohyla neblinaria. The monophyly of Myersiohyla remains a matter of debate (Pinheiro et al. 2018)

87735921,Myersiohyla neblinaria,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Myersiohyla,neblinaria,,,,,"Faivovich, McDiarmid & Myers, 2013","

Faivovich et al. (2013) described Myersiohyla neblinaria based on the external morphology of adults and tadpoles, on bioacoustical analyses of advertisement calls, and on molecular phylogenetic evidence. They also commented on the phylogenetic relationships of this species with M. chamaeleo and M. kanaima, and redefined M. neblinaria as the type species for the genus after confirming that the specimen from Cerro La Neblina, miss-identified as M. inparquesi by Faivovich et al. (2005), was M. neblinaria.

" 87736033,Pristimantis geminus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,geminus,,,,,"Kaiser, Barrio-Amorós, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Steinlein & Schmid, 2015",In the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original description (Kaiser et al. 2015). 87736069,Pristimantis hoogmoedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,hoogmoedi,,,,,"Kaiser, Barrio-Amorós, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Steinlein & Schmid, 2015",


87736123,Pristimantis longicorpus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,longicorpus,,,,,"Kaiser, Barrio-Amorós, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Steinlein & Schmid, 2015",

In the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original description (Kaiser et al. 2015).

87736236,Pristimantis nubisilva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,nubisilva,,,,,"Kaiser, Barrio-Amorós, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Steinlein & Schmid, 2015","In the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original description (Kaiser et al. 2015). The karyotype of Pristimantis nubisilva consisting of 36 exclusively telocentric chromosomes (2n = 36, FN = 36), is considered to represent the ancestral condition in the taxon Terrarana (Schmid et al. 2010)." 87736326,Pristimantis pariagnomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CRAUGASTORIDAE,Pristimantis,pariagnomus,,,,,"Kaiser, Barrio-Amorós, Rivas-Fuenmayor, Steinlein & Schmid, 2015","In the Pristimantis unistrigatus group according to the original description (Kaiser et al. 2015). With the adult male measuring 13 mm, this species may be the smallest frog species in Venezuela and rank among the smallest in South America." 89022323,Tepuihyla luteolabris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Tepuihyla,luteolabris,,,,,"(Ayarzagüena, Señaris & Gorzula, 1993)","

Several recent phylogenetic studies suggest that the species of Tepuihyla evolved recently from a common lowland ancestor, and not a long time ago as usually suspected for endemics amphibians in the Pantepui (Kok et al. 2012; Salerno et al. 2012, 2015; Jungfer et al. 2013). So far this species has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis.

" 165505520,Mannophryne molinai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,AROMOBATIDAE,Mannophryne,molinai,,,,,"Rojas-Runjaic, Matta-Pereira & La Marca, 2018", 198622924,Alouatta macconnelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,macconnelli,,,,,"(Elliot, 1910)","Hill (1962) and Stanyon et al. (1995) listed nine subspecies of the Red Howler Monkey, Alouatta seniculus: A. s. amazonica, A. s. arctoidea, A. s. insulanus, A. s. juara, A. s. macconnelli, A. s. puruensis, A. s. sara, A. s. seniculus, and A. s. stramineus.

The holotype of the form straminea Humboldt, 1812 is a female A. caraya, and is, therefore, not available for the Red Howler (Rylands and Brandon-Jones 1998). Bonvicino et al. (1996) argued that Red Howlers east of the Rio Trombetas are distinct from those to the west (and gave them the name of macconnelli (however, see Sampaio et al. 1996, Figueiredo et al. 1998, Rylands and Brandon-Jones 1998). Groves (2001, 2005) listed the Guiana Red Howler as A. macconnelli (Linnaeus, 1766).

The form occurring on the island of Trinidad (insulanus) was formerly considered a subspecies of A. seniculus, but following Groves (2001, 2005) it was included as a junior synonym of A. macconnelli. However, Ruiz-García et al. (2017) concluded that the Red Howler Monkeys from the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean Sea were not A. macconnelli as Groves maintained, and that this taxon is more related to A. seniculus. Therefore, insulanus is again considered a subspecies of Alouatta seniculus." 198676562,Alouatta seniculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,ATELIDAE,Alouatta,seniculus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Hill (1962) listed nine subspecies of the Red Howler Monkey, Alouatta seniculus: amazonica, arctoidea, insulanus, juara, macconnelli, puruensis, sara, seniculus, and stramineus. Since then, except for juara and puruensis, these subspecies were synonymized or considered full species or, in the case of straminea, found to be erroneous.

Groves (2001, 2005) considered A. s. amazonica Lönnberg, 1941, from Codajás, north of the Rio Solimões, west of the Rio Negro, as a junior synonym A. juara Elliot, 1910.

Alouatta s. arctoidea is now recognized as a full species because Stanyon et al. (1995) concluded that the number of chromosomal differences between A. s. sara and A. s. seniculus (see Minezawa et al. 1985), which resulted in A. s. sara being a considered a full species, was similar in scale to that found between A. s. sara and A. s. arctoidea.

Alouatta s. insulanus Elliot, 1910, of the Island of Trinidad, was considered to be a junior synonym of A. macconnelli, following Groves (2001, 2005). However, Ruiz-García et al. (2017) concluded that the Red Howler Monkeys from the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean Sea were not A. macconnelli as Groves maintained, and that this taxon is more related to A. seniculus. Therefore, insulanus is again considered a subspecies of A. seniculus.

Alouatta s. juara Elliot, 1910, from the Rio Juruá, was recognized as a full species following Gregorin (2006), but subsequently was considered a subspecies of A. seniculus by Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015). Its range is from the west of the Rio Purus in the states of Acre and Amazonas into Peru (Gregorin 2006, Cortés-Ortiz et al. 2015).

Bonvicino et al. (1996) argued that Red Howlers east of the Rio Trombetas are distinct from those to the west and gave them the name of macconnelli (however, see Sampaio et al. 1996, Figueiredo et al. 1998, Rylands and Brandon-Jones 1998). Groves (2001, 2005) listed the Guiana Red Howler as A. macconnelli (Linnaeus, 1766).

Alouatta s. puruensis Lönnberg, 1941, from Jaburú, Rio Purus, was placed as a junior synonym of puruensis by Groves (2001) but was recognized as a full species by Gregorin (2006). Subsequently, it was provisionally considered to be a subspecies of A. seniculus by Cortés-Ortiz et al. (2015). It occurs on both margins of the Rio Purus, east to the lower Rio Madeira and middle Rio Aripuanã, east as far as the Rio Teles Pires. To the south it is restricted to the north bank of the Rio Abunã on the Bolivian border. Placido de Castro, Acre, is the southernmost locality (Gregorin 2006).

Alouatta s. straminea is not a valid name for the Red Howler Monkey because its type specimen is a female Alouatta caraya, as demonstrated by Rylands and Brandon-Jones (1998). It was replaced by Alouatta macconnelli Elliott, 1910.

Alouatta s. sara is recognized as a full species following Minezawa et al. (1985; see also Stanyon et al. 1995; Groves, 2001, 2005; Cortés-Ortiz et al. 2015)." 22684641,Vini peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Vini,peruviana,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)", 22695585,Accipiter gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,gularis,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)", 60246,Etmopterus schultzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,ETMOPTERIDAE,Etmopterus,schultzi,,,,,"Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer, 1953", 14519,Neofelis nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Neofelis,nebulosa,,,,,"(Griffith, 1821)","

Classically considered a single species, the Clouded Leopard has been split into two species. Based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites and morphology, Neofelis nebulosa is restricted to mainland Southeast Asia, and N. diardi is found on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo (Buckley-Beason et al. 2006, Kitchener et al. 2006, Wilting et al. 2007). The subspecific classification of Neofelis nebulosa needs further analyses (Kitchener et al. 2017). In addition to the nominate form two subspecies of Mainland Clouded Leopard have been described: N. n. macrosceloides (Hodgson in Gray, 1853, pl. 38) from Nepal, Northeast India, and Bhutan and (the presumably extinct) N. n. brachyura (Swinhoe, 1862, 352, pl. 43) from Taiwan. However, the recent review of wild cat taxonomy felt there was insufficient evidence for these two subspecies and proposed to keep N. nebulosa as monotypic until there was further evidence for subspecification (Kitchener et al. 2017).

" 103656470,Erythropitta splendida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Erythropitta,splendida,,,,,"(Mayr, 1955)","Erythropitta erythrogaster, E. inspeculata, E. caeruleitorques, E. palliceps, Erythropitta celebensis, E. rufiventris, E. rubrinucha, E. macklotii, E. meeki, E. gazellae, E. splendida and E. novaehibernicae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Pitta erythrogaster following Christidis and Boles (2008) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 199932,Hemiscyllium freycineti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,freycineti,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)","The newly described Hemiscyllium michaeli Allen & Dudgeon, 2010 has been split from H. freycineti. As such, H. freycineti is now considered to be restricted to western New Guinea, whereas H. michaeli occurs in eastern New Guinea (Allen et al. 2016)." 195436,Hemiscyllium galei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,galei,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2008","Hemiscyllium galei was recently described as a separate species by Allen and Erdmann (2008). It was previously confused with the Indonesian Speckled Carpet Shark (H. freycineti), which is apparently restricted to West Papua Province (far western New Guinea), Indonesia. The two species differ primarily in colour pattern, which provides the best means of separating the various members of the genus. Phylogenetic analysis with mitochondrial DNA (ND4) also clearly separates H. galei from other hemiscyllid species including H. freycineti.
" 176486052,Hemiscyllium halmahera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,halmahera,,,,,"Allen, Erdmann & Dudgeon, 2013", 195437,Hemiscyllium henryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,henryi,,,,,"Allen & Erdmann, 2008","Henry’s Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium henryi) is most similar to the Epaulette Shark (H. ocellatum) which has previously been thought to exist in Papua New Guinea, but likely is not found there. The latter species is most likely restricted to Australian waters (Allen and Erdmann 2008). Colour pattern features and DNA analysis provide the best means of separation between the two species." 195438,Hemiscyllium michaeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,michaeli,,,,,"Allen & Dudgeon, 2010","Michael’s Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium michaeli) has recently been described as a new species (Allen and Dudgeon 2010). It was previously confused with the Indonesian Speckled Carpet Shark (H. freycineti) (Compagno 2002) which is apparently restricted to West Papua Province (far western New Guinea), Indonesia. The two species differ primarily in colour pattern which provides the best means of separating the various members of the genus. Phylogenetic analysis with mitochondrial DNA (ND4) also clearly separates the two species (Allen and Dudgeon 2010)." 41819,Hemiscyllium strahani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,ORECTOLOBIFORMES,HEMISCYLLIIDAE,Hemiscyllium,strahani,,,,,"Whitley, 1967", 22696402,Falco alopex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,alopex,,,,,"(Heuglin, 1861)", 22696103,Hieraaetus ayresii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Hieraaetus,ayresii,,,,,"Gurney, 1862", 22695042,Chelictinia riocourii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Chelictinia,riocourii,,,,,"(Vieillot, 1822)", 22731882,Tropicoperdix chloropus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tropicoperdix,chloropus,,,,,"(Blyth, 1859)","

Previously placed in Arborophila but moved to Tropicoperdix following Chen et al. (2015, 2018). Former arrangement of members of T. chloropus complex (here involving also T. merlini and T. charltonii) now revised on basis of review of specimen material at NHMUK, resulting in separation at species level of forms tonkinensis and graydoni (from T. charltonii), and treatment of merlini as subspecies of T. chloropus (adopted in 2004). All subspecies recognized within this species share buffy-tan lower throat (with black spots) and black-scaled olive grey-brown upper breast, and replace each other geographically in SE Asia to form a clear group of taxa among which only narrow differences are evident. Form merlini (with closely related vivida, sometimes subsumed within merlini (Robson 2008)) was previously considered sufficiently distinctive for full species treatment on basis of its yellow legs and stronger black scaling on breast and flanks, but these differences not major (leg colour in this complex apparently variable). For characters separating T. tonkinensis, and for those confirming separation of T. charltonii and T. graydoni, see those species. Six subspecies currently recognized.

" 103657677,Herpsilochmus stotzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,stotzi,,,,,"Whitney, Cohn-Haft, Bravo, Schunck & Silveira, 2013",

Herpsilochmus stotzi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized following evidence presented in Whitney et al. (2013).

22696470,Falco severus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,severus,,,,,"Horsfield, 1821", 157717977,Gigantopelta chessoia,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,NEOMPHALIDA,PELTOSPIRIDAE,Gigantopelta,chessoia,,,,,"C. Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015", 103658788,Hypocnemis rondoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Hypocnemis,rondoni,,,,,"Whitney et al., 2013",

Hypocnemis rondoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Whitney et al. (2013).

22692482,Rallus semiplumbeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Rallus,semiplumbeus,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22689118,Strix nebulosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,nebulosa,,,,,"Forster, 1772", 22727383,Tropicoperdix tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tropicoperdix,tonkinensis,,,,,"Delacour, 1927","

Previously placed in Arborophila but moved to Tropicoperdix following Chen et al. (2015, 2018). Prior to this genus change, Arborophila charltonii, A. tonkinensis, and A. graydoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. charltonii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). It differs from all taxa grouped under T. chloropus that species in its lack of tawny-buff band around lower throat/upper breast (3); upper breast mid-chestnut vs more extensive breast to neck-sides mid-brown (3); more extensive large spotting than on any other taxa (none in chloropus and olivacea, hence score 3; sometimes significant but never so large in merlini and vivida, hence score 1) (1). It shares with forms charltonii, atjenensis and graydoni a white lower throat (with black spots) and plain chestnut upper breast, but differs from the first two in having ear-coverts tawny-stained white with black spots vs plain tawny (plain dirty white on graydoni) (2); no black upper necklace from lower throat around below ear-coverts (3); distribution of large blackish spots on lower breast, mid-belly and flanks (2); smaller chestnut upper breast patch, not extending onto neck-sides (ns1); and less distinctly barred lower breast (ns1). It differs from T. graydoni in its black-spotted tawny-stained white vs plain dirty white ear-coverts (2); greyish-brown lower breast feathers more narrowly, evenly and distinctly barred with buff vs much darker, richer chestnut on upper breast with black bars (3); buffy-tan belly with large dark spotting vs plain belly with dark rufous and rufous-chestnut coloration (2). Monotypic.

" 22701901,Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Rhegmatorhina,hoffmannsi,,,,,"(Hellmayr, 1907)", 22727395,Tropicoperdix charltonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tropicoperdix,charltonii,,,,,"(Eyton, 1845)","

Previously placed in Arborophila but moved to Tropicoperdix following Chen et al. (2015, 2018). Other taxonomic sources have considered it conspecific with T. chloropus, but differs in absence of buffy-tan band around lower throat/upper breast (3); presence of bold black necklace from lower throat to neck-sides (3); upper breast and sides of neck chestnut vs dingy grey-brown (3); lower breast more boldly barred (ns2); and remaining underparts a shade darker (ns1). Arborophila charltonii, A. tonkinensis, and A. graydoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014: see related notes) were previously lumped as A. charltonii following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Validity of subspecies atjenensis has been questioned (Wells 1999). Two subspecies currently recognized. 


" 22709659,Sheppardia montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Sheppardia,montana,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1907)", 22728504,Conopophaga cearae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CONOPOPHAGIDAE,Conopophaga,cearae,,,,,"Cory, 1916","

Conopophaga lineata and C. cearae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. lineata following SACC (2005 and updates) and Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 103669815,Xiphorhynchus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Xiphorhynchus,atlanticus,,,,,"(Cory, 1916)","

Xiphorhynchus fuscus and X. atlanticus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as X. fuscus following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 199517403,Oedura argentea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPLODACTYLIDAE,Oedura,argentea,,,,,"Oedura Hoskin, Zozaya & Vanderduys 2018", 22695130,Haliaeetus leucoryphus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,leucoryphus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1771)", 12551,Macaca fascicularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,fascicularis,,,,,"(Raffles, 1821)","

Macaca fascicularis is a wide-ranging macaque with a patchy distribution in Southeast Asia (Eudey 2008, Gumert, 2011). According to a variety of descriptions (Raffles 1821; Fooden 1995, 2006; Groves 2001), as well as the assessors’, they are not distinguished by any distinct phenotypic features; however, they are one of the smaller macaques, and are named for their long tail, which approximates the length of their body and head combined. From a distance, the dorsal pelage is generally greyish or brown, with a whitish underbelly, as well as distinct black and white highlights around the crown and face. For example, their eyelids are often white, their crowns are bordered by white or black, and distinct white spots often occur on the skin in front of their ears. Closer inspection of the pelage reveals a mottled or speckled pattern, due to the individual hairs being of different colour. This hair patterning produces variation in shading between individuals and across populations. Hair shading includes yellowish, golden brown, reddish brown, brown, whitish, and blackened. Their skin colouration varies and includes white, pink, black, and brown tones. Under harsh sunlight, their facial skin easily tans. Adults are usually bearded on and around their face; however, around their snout and eyes, hair is short and sparse. Older females typically exhibit the fullest bearding, while for males it is more whisker-like. They exhibit a lateral cheek crest that usually runs vertically along the face, but among some subspecific variations the crest runs horizontally, bisecting the middle of the cheek.

The species is highly variable. Groves (2001) and Fooden (1995) have divided Macaca fascicularis into ten subspecies; however, as of recent, the most eastern subspecies, M. f. philippinensis has come under dispute. (Smith et al. 2014). Consequently, it has been tentatively removed from Red List assessment and is currently included with M. f. fascicularis. Along the northern part of their range, M. fascicularis regularly hybridizes with the rhesus macaque, M. mulatta (Fooden 1964). They have also long been known to hybridize with pig-tailed macaques, M. nemestrina (Bernstein 1966). Hybrids can occur across subspecies too (Bunlungsup et al. 2016, Gumert et al. 2019).

In regards to synonyms*: Simia aygula Linnaus 1758,  Simia cynomolgus Schreber 1775, Simia fascicularis Raffles 1821, Macacus carbonaria Cuvier, 1825, Macaca irus Geoffroy 1826, Semnopithecus kra Lesson 1830, and numerous others names have been ascribed using the above genera, as well as genera assignments that have also included Macac, Pithecus and Cynomolgus.

*There are numerous historical synonyms and mistaken names for this species. Early uses are highlighted here, but for a more complete historical listing and discussion please refer to Napier and Groves (1983), Groves (2001), and Fooden (1995).

" 192044,Gonyosoma margaritatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Gonyosoma,margaritatum,,,,,"Peters, 1871", 103670382,Campylorhamphus multostriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Campylorhamphus,multostriatus,,,,,"(E. Snethlage, 1907)","

Campylorhamphus procurvoides, C. probatus and C. multostriatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as C. procurvoides following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22694995,Pernis ptilorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pernis,ptilorhynchus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1821)",Pernis ptilorhynchus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as P. ptilorhyncus. 22701188,Neopelma aurifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Neopelma,aurifrons,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 144159779,Dipturus chilensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,chilensis,,,,,"(Guichenot, 1848)","

Concha et al. (2019) synonymised the genus Zearaja with Dipturus based on morphological and molecular analyses, thus assigning species formerly in the genus Zearaja to Dipturus.

The species Dipturus chilensis was formerly considered occurring in both the Southeast Pacific and the Southwest Atlantic. However, Gabbanelli et al. (2018) resurrected Raja brevicaudata Marini, 1933 from Argentina out of synonymy with D. chilensis and Concha et al. (2019) described Dipturus lamillai Concha, Caira, Ebert & Pompert, 2019 as a distinct species from the Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Southwest Atlantic. Therefore, D. chilensis is restricted to the Southeast Pacific, from central Chile to the Strait of Magellan, and references to D. chilensis in the Southwest Atlantic refer either to D. brevicaudatus or D. lamillai.


" 22695624,Accipiter nisus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,nisus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 199575235,Tatia akroa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,AUCHENIPTERIDAE,Tatia,akroa,,,,,"Souza e Souza, Sarmento-Soares, Canto & Ribeiro 2020", 199574799,Characidium onca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,onca,,,,,"Melo, Brito Ribeiro & Lima 2021", 199575212,Characidium iaquira,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CRENUCHIDAE,Characidium,iaquira,,,,,"Zanata, Ohara, Oyakawa & Dagosta 2020", 199788991,Photuris forresti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Photuris,forresti,,,,,,"This species was described in a self-published manuscript by James E. Lloyd (Lloyd 2018). Photuris forresti is a member of the P. versicolor species complex which contains many closely related species, distinguishable primarily by observed flash pattern, as there are few morphological differences (Barber 1951, McDermott 1967, Lloyd 2018). This species is morphologically indistinguishable from Photuris tremulans. It can only be identified by its flash pattern, which is typically a series of 4-11 pulsed flashes. It is also very similar to P. walldoxeyi, though the ranges, elevations, and habitat preferences of these two species differ markedly (Faust and Davis 2019)." 22695619,Accipiter ovampensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,ovampensis,,,,,"Gurney, 1875", 134817215,Delphinus delphis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,DELPHINIDAE,Delphinus,delphis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","

Until recently, two species were recognised in the genus Delphinus: the Short-beaked Common Dolphin (D. delphis) and the Long-beaked Common Dolphin (D. capensis), as described by Heyning and Perrin (1994). The morphological differences between D. delphis and D. capensis in the North Pacific (Heyning and Perrin 1994) were supported by molecular evidence from both mitochondrial and nuclear markers (Rosel et al. 1994). However, the genus exhibits a great deal of morphological variation globally and the criteria used to distinguish between the two species in the North Pacific appear not to apply elsewhere (Best 2007). In South Africa, Samaai et al. (2005) found that based on skull morphology the majority of specimens belonged to D. capensis, however two specimens were within the range for D. delphis from the North Pacific, and a third specimen fell between the ranges for D. delphis and D. capensis (Samaai et al. 2005). The same molecular markers that were used to differentiate the two sympatric species in the North Pacific failed to reveal any genetic distinction between the described morphotypes in South Africa (Best 2007).

Subsequently, Cunha et al. (2015), in a global analysis of Delphinus which included nine specimens from the west coast of South Africa (eastern South Atlantic), concluded that all specimens analysed from the Atlantic Ocean belonged to D. delphis, and that D. capensis was not a genetically valid species.

In 2016 the Society for Marine Mammalogy Committee on Taxonomy removed Delphinus capensis from its accepted list of marine mammal species and now recognises all Common Dolphins globally as belonging to a single species, Delphinus delphis (Committee on Taxonomy 2020). It recognises the following subspecies:

  • D. d. delphis Linnaeus, 1758. Common Dolphin
  • D. d. bairdii Dall, 1873. Eastern North Pacific Long-beaked Common Dolphin
  • D. d. ponticus Barabash, 1935. Black Sea Common Dolphin
  • D. d. tropicalis van Bree, 1971. Indo-Pacific Common Dolphin

Cunha et al. (2015) noted that because the sympatric or parapatric Long-beaked and Short-beaked Common Dolphins off California in the eastern North Pacific appear not to interbreed, the Long-beaked Common Dolphins might eventually be described and recognised as a separate species, D. bairdii. Some researchers have considered the Long-beaked Common Dolphins in the Indo-Pacific, which has an exceptionally long beak, to constitute a separate species, D. tropicalis (Van Bree and Gallagher 1978; Rice 1998). However, another morphometric study concluded that that form should be considered a subspecies (Jefferson and Van Waerebeek 2002) and it is currently recognised as such, D. delphis tropicalis.

The non-concordance of morphological and genetic data for Common Dolphins has caused much confusion and a rigorous global taxonomic study of the genus is needed. Further phylogenetic analyses are necessary to resolve the controversies surrounding the classification and nomenclature. More changes to Delphinus taxonomy should be expected.

" 22689108,Strix uralensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,uralensis,,,,,"Pallas, 1771", 22692024,Sypheotides indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Sypheotides,indicus,,,,,"(Miller, 1782)", 22701040,Lepidothrix vilasboasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,vilasboasi,,,,,"(Sick, 1959)", 22727389,Tropicoperdix graydoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Tropicoperdix,graydoni,,,,,"(Sharpe & Chubb, 1906)","

Previously treated as Arborophila graydoni (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) but moved to Tropicoperdix following Chen et al. (2015, 2018). Formerly included within A. charltonii along with T. tonkinensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Differs in its plain dirty white vs plain tawny-buff ear-coverts (2); absence of a distinct black upper necklace from the lower throat around below the ear-coverts (2); much darker, richer chestnut on upper breast with black vs greyish-brown lower breast feathers, more narrowly, evenly and distinctly barred with buff (3); belly with darker rufous and rufous-chestnut coloration (ns1); and darker upperparts (ns1). It differs from T. chloropus in its absence of buff-tan band around lower throat/upper breast (3); upper breast and neck-sides rich chestnut vs dingy grey-brown (3); lower breast more boldly barred (2); remaining underparts two shades darker (ns2); and darker upperparts (ns1). Differences from T. tonkinensis are indicated under that species. Monotypic.

" 22696487,Falco biarmicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,biarmicus,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 200035703,Rheinardia ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Rheinardia,ocellata,,,,,"(Elliot, 1871)",Rheinardia nigrescens formerly regarded as a subspecies of this species but is split following Davison et al. (2020). Monotypic. 200032742,Rheinardia nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Rheinardia,nigrescens,,,,,"(Rothschild, 1902)",Formerly regarded as a subspecies of R. ocellata but split following Davison et al. (2020). Monotypic. 194312,Bolitoglossa centenorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,PLETHODONTIDAE,Bolitoglossa,centenorum,,,,,"Campbell, Smith, Streicher, Acevedo & Brodie, 2010", 22735949,Nesospiza wilkinsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Nesospiza,wilkinsi,,,,,"Lowe, 1923", 22700897,Xipholena lamellipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Xipholena,lamellipennis,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1839)", 200094385,Ducula aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,aenea,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","Forms a species-group with D. oenothorax (with which usually considered conspecific: see related note), D. perspicillata, D. neglecta and D. concinna. D. nicobarica formerly treated as a subspecies but split following Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) and Collar et al. (2020). Subspecies paulina sometimes also considered a separate species, differing in its large, pale vinous-rufous nuchal patch (from hindneck to mantle and neck-sides, and connecting vaguely to postocular area) (3) and slightly more pinkish-buffy face than other taxa (1); again, fuller evidence needed. Owing to confusion over type locality of nominate aenea, previously thought to be in Malaysia but later corrected to Philippines (Stresemann 1952), population now listed under polia was formerly included under aenea; chalybura and glaucocauda are synonyms of aenea. Racial variation not altogether clear: proposed form kwangtungensis (S China) included in sylvatica; mista (Simeulue), babiensis (Babi I, off S Simeulue) and vicinus (Batu and Mentawai Is) included in consobrina; pallidinucha (Tobea I, off SE Sulawesi), pulchella (Togian Is), sulana (Sula Is) and intercedens (Peleng, in Banggai Is) all included in paulina; further analysis may reduce still further the number of subspecies accepted. Eleven subspecies currently recognized." 200093329,Ducula nicobarica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,nicobarica,,,,,"(von Pelzeln, 1865)",Previously treated as a subspecies of D. aenea but split following Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) and Collar et al. (2020). Monotypic. 22696432,Falco vespertinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,vespertinus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1766", 173115779,Discoglossus galganoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,ALYTIDAE,Discoglossus,galganoi,,,,,"Capula, Nascetti, Lanza, Bullini & Crespo, 1985",Discoglossus jeanneae has been synonymized under this species by Dufresnes et al. (2020). 149689922,Hyla intermedia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,intermedia,,,,,"Boulenger, 1882",This is a restricted concept of this species following the split of the broader concept into this and Hyla perrini (Dufresnes et al. 2018). 136926,Cebuella pygmaea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Cebuella,pygmaea,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","Cebuella was proposed by Gray (1866) as a subgenus of Hapale (later Callithrix), and soon after as a distinct genus (Gray, 1870). Rosenberger (1981), Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho (1984), and Natori (1994) argued, on morphological terms, that the Pygmy Marmoset should correctly be included in the genus Callithrix. This was not maintained in Rosenberger et al. (1990), although Barroso (1995), Barroso et al. (1997), Moreira et al. (1996), Schneider et al. (1996), Schneider and Rosenberger (1996), Tagliaro et al. (1997), Porter et al. (1997a), and Canavez et al. (1999a) also argued for this arrangement on the basis of molecular genetics. The argument that Cebuella should be included in the genus Callithrix centres on the conclusion, from both morphological and genetic studies, that the Pygmy Marmoset is more closely related to the Amazonian marmosets (the argentata group of Hershkovitz [1977]) than the latter are to the Atlantic forest marmosets (the jacchus group of Hershkovitz [1977]). Schneider et al. (1993) and Schneider and Rosenberger (1996) also concluded that their molecular genetic data are compatible with jacchus and pygmaea being congeneric. Groves (2001, 2005) places the species in the genus Callithrix, subgenus Cebuella. Although closely related to the Amazonian marmosets, we believe that Cebuella pygmaea deserves generic status. The species shows very distinct features, unique among the callitrichids, involving not only its diminutive size, but also the tree-gouging specialization not observed to nearly the same extent in its Amazonian sister group.

If Cebuella is maintained as a separate genus, then the group would be paraphyletic unless the argentata group marmosets and the jacchus group marmosets are placed in different genera. This was the option adopted, with the Amazonian marmosets being placed in the genus Mico Lesson, 1840 (see below). This decision was also based on the clear identity of the three genera shown in all morphological and molecular studies available.

In 1940, Lönnberg described the subspecies Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris from Lago Ipixuna, south bank of the Rio Solimões, based on its sharply contrasting whitish chest, belly, and inner surface of arms and legs. The ventral surface of C. p. pygmaea is ochraceous. Cruz Lima (1945) and Napier (1976) also recognized and described the two subspecies. Hershkovitz (1977) argued that the colour of the underparts is individually and locally variable and not justifying the subspecific status of niveiventris. However, Van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen (1997) recently presented evidence for the validity of the two subspecies based on field observations and captive specimens of C. p. niveiventris, and confirmed its presence in the interfluvium of the Rios Purus and Madeira.

A phylogenetic study by Boubli et al. (2018), which included the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and a reduced representation genome sequencing approach (ddRADseq) for geographically representative samples from the Brazil, showed that the forms pygmaea Spix (from the north of the Solimões-Amazonas) and niveiventris Lönnberg (from the south of the Solimões-Amazonas) were distinct species.
" 22699433,Pseudocolopteryx dinelliana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Pseudocolopteryx,dinelliana,,,,,"Lillo, 1905", 39808,Presbytis canicrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,canicrus,,,,,"(Miller, 1934)","

Presbytis canicrus was previously included as a subspecies of P. hosei, but it is now recognised as a separate species (Roos et al. 2014). This is a monotypic species.

" 200250452,Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Oreotrochilus,cyanolaemus,,,,,"Sornoza-Molina et al., 2018","Blue-throated Hillstar, described by Sornoza-Molina et al. (2018), is accepted as a species diagnosable and scorable against O. stolzmanni on the Tobias criteria by its blue vs green throat in male (4); greener, brighter upperparts in male (1); dark greyish vs whitish base colour to chin and throat in female [see Sornoza-Molina et al. (2018) Appendix Figure 11] (1); slightly smaller size, albeit sample sizes are small (1). Monotypic." 7035,Edwardsia ivelli,ANIMALIA,CNIDARIA,ANTHOZOA,ACTINIARIA,EDWARDSIIDAE,Edwardsia,ivelli,,,,,"Manuel, 1975", 22696153,Nisaetus nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Nisaetus,nipalensis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1836", 63111,Bathyraja brachyurops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,brachyurops,,,,,"(Fowler, 1910)","Until Bathyraja cousseauae was described recently, this was often identified as B. brachyurops." 63106,Bathyraja cousseauae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,cousseauae,,,,,"Díaz de Astarloa & Mabragaña, 2004",This species was previously mistaken for the similar Bathyraja brachyurops (Díaz de Astarloa and Mabragaña 2004) and reported elsewhere as Bathyraja sp. (J. Pompert pers. comm). 63117,Bathyraja macloviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Bathyraja,macloviana,,,,,"(Norman, 1937)","Compagno (1999, 2005) reallocated this species from Bathyraja to the genus Rhinoraja but the validity of this move remains unconfirmed. Both are currently in use, until a definitive systematic revision of these genera is conducted; a revision is underway with the Ph.D. thesis of Jimena San Martin." 60228,Galeus piperatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,PENTANCHIDAE,Galeus,piperatus,,,,,"Springer & Wagner, 1966", 44641,Psammobatis rudis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ARHYNCHOBATIDAE,Psammobatis,rudis,,,,,"Günther, 1870", 200322937,Urogymnus acanthobothrium,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Urogymnus,acanthobothrium,,,,,"Last, White & Kyne 2016","This recently described species can be distinguished from its most closely-related regional congener, the Mangrove Whipray (Urogymnus granulatus) by a more angular snout, no white flecks on the dorsal surface, a uniformly white ventral surface with no broad black margin, and a longer tail (Last et al. 2016a)." 22684621,Lorius chlorocercus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Lorius,chlorocercus,,,,,"Gould, 1856", 200384015,Mirafra somalica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Mirafra,somalica,,,,,"(Witherby, 1903)","See Mirafra hypermetra. M. somalica (HBW/BirdLife International 2021) was previously separated as M. somalica and Ash’s Lark M. ashi (del Hoyo & Collar 2016). Ash’s Lark M. ashi was described by Colston (1982) from a small area of open grassland in coastal Somalia near Uarsciek, and has been seen in the field by only a handful of ornithologists. Like Somali Lark M. somalica, ashi has the habit of running between clumps of grass and perching on their tops. The type description notes its smaller size than somalica, and greyer and more scaly upperparts. However, the same paper also notes a cline in body size and coloration in Somali Lark, which becomes smaller and greyer in southern populations. The type and paratypes of Ash’s Lark are all birds in fresh plumage, the pale fringes accentuating the form’s grey appearance. However, in terms of plumage pattern, for example the complex patterning of the tertials, there is little to distinguish ashi from Somali Lark. Both have pale rufous outer webs to the primaries and outer secondaries, forming a rufous wing-panel in flight. In the same article in which he described ashi as a full species, Colston also described Mirafra somalica rochei, also from Uarsciek, and stated that it was sympatric with ashi. However, somewhat remarkably he did not diagnose rochei from ashi. Compared with ashi, rochei is considerably more rufous on the upperparts; however, although the type specimen is in very worn plumage, there are some greyish feathers on the upperparts similar in tone to those of ashi, and it is unclear how different the two forms would look if compared in a similar state of plumage. John Miskell (in litt.), one of the few ornithologists to have seen ashi in the field, confirms that he encountered grey and rufous birds (presumably relating to ashi and rochei) together in the same small area. Recent genetic analyses (as yet unpublished) indicate that ashi and rochei are practically indistinguishable and that the divergence between these two forms and northern somalica is shallow (Donald & Alström in press). Thus it appears that ashi is a southern subspecies of somalica and that rochei is nothing more than a rufous colour morph of ashi (which has nomenclatural priority). Two subspecies recognized." 200369092,Calendulauda africanoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ALAUDIDAE,Calendulauda,africanoides,,,,,"(Smith, 1836)","The north-eastern African forms of this complex were previously split as Foxy Lark Calendulauda alopex (del Hoyo & Collar 2016), largely on the basis of wide allopatry, from C. africanoides (del Hoyo & Collar 2016). However, the two populations are extremely similar or inseparable in plumage, structure and song, and the molecular phylogeny of Alström et al. (2013) and other, as yet unpublished, genetic analyses suggested that they are not deeply divergent. We therefore follow Howard & Moore and Donald & Alström (in prep) in treating them as conspecific, under the name Fawn-coloured Lark. The three subspecies alopex, macdonaldi and intercedens thus become subspecies of C. africanoides (HBW/BirdLife International 2021), which now has nine subspecies. Geographical variation largely clinal, plumage colour generally matching regional soil colour, and streaking reduced in more arid areas; subspecies broadly intergrade, and further study may reveal that several of those currently accepted are unsustainable; other named subspecies include omaruru, gobabisensis and rubidior (from various parts of NW & NC Namibia), all synonymized with harei, and austinrobertsi (thornveld of Zimbabwe–Botswana–South Africa border region), synonymized with nominate. Nine subspecies currently recognized.
Previously, C. africanoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was listed as Mirafra africanoides, but genetic evidence situates it in present genus." 200273649,Campylopterus largipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,largipennis,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Previously recognised subspecies calcirupicola and diamantinensis (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) now regarded as full species, which see. Subspecies obscurus might also be better regarded as a full species (Lopes et al. 2017). C. l. largipennis differs from C. l. obscurus by its longer ‘LTTs’ (light tail-tips) (effect size 7.22 for male LTT1 vs the slightly longer values under ‘aequatorialis’; score 3); white vs greyish-white tail-tips (1); dark grey vs blackish-blue rest of outer rectrices (1); distinctly different call, higher-pitched and lacking the rolling ‘r’ tone in obscurus (at least 2). Subspecies aequatorialis regarded as a synonym of obscurus. Two subspecies recognized." 22727733,Circus cyaneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,cyaneus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Circus cyaneus and C. hudsonius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cyaneus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 200277707,Campylopterus calcirupicola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,calcirupicola,,,,,"Lopes, Vasconcelos & Gonzaga, 2017","Previously regarded as a subspecies of C. largipennis (HBW/BirdLife International 2018) but split following Lopes et al. (2017, 2020). Differs from largipennis by its smaller size (effect size −2.73 for male tails in Lopes et al. [2017: 6, Table 1]; score 2); longer ‘LTTs’ (light tail-tips) (effect size 2.01 for male LTT2 in same source; score 2); totally different habitat (1); totally different voice, with the song a high tittering trill, quite unlike anything on Xeno-canto for largipennis (at least 4). The map in Lopes et al. (2017) shows collecting localities for calcirupicola and diamantinensis that are only 25 km apart. It seems reasonable that this should be considered evidence of parapatry. Differs from C. diamantinensis by its smaller size (effect size −4.02 for male tails in Lopes et al. [2017: 6, Table 1]; score 2), larger white tips to tail (effect size 2.39 for male LTT2 in same source; score 2) and parapatric distribution (3). It is arguable also that the nesting in caves should be scored, but it is not clear that this habit is not shared by diamantinensis. It is worth noting, however, that the limited vocal evidence now available suggests that the voices of the two taxa are very similar. Monotypic." 103702644,Edolisoma insperatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Edolisoma,insperatum,,,,,"(Finsch, 1876)","

Edolisoma tenuirostre, E. insperatum, E. nesiotis, E. monacha, E. rostratum, E. meyerii, E. obiense, E. grayi, E. remotum and E. salomonis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Coracina tenuirostris following Christidis & Boles (2008) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 8540,Felis chaus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Felis,chaus,,,,,"Schreber, 1777","Once thought to be closely related to the lynxes, which share its characteristic traits of tufted ears, long limbs and a short tail (Sunquist and Sunquist 2002), the Jungle Cat is actually a close relative of the domestic cat. With a wide range, a number of subspecies have been proposed (Wozencraft 2005 recognized nine), but Corbet and Hill (1992) argue that the pelage characters used by classical designators vary widely. The revised taxonomy of the Felidae applied by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group distinguishes three different subspecies: Felis chaus chaus occurring in Egypt and the Middle East to Turkestan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Afghanistan; Felis chaus affinis found in East Afghanistan, India and Sri Lanka; and Felis chaus fulvidina in Southeast Asia, possibly including China (Kitchener et al. 2017)." 58567,Pelophylax cerigensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,cerigensis,,,,,"(Beerli, Hotz, Tunner, Heppich & Uzzell, 1994)","This species is regarded as being endemic to the island of Karpathos (Greece); populations on Rhodes, in spite of molecular indications that they could be assigned to this species (Akin et al. 2010) are still allocated to Pelophylax bedriagae (Lymberakis et al. 2007). The taxonomy of Pelophylax is complex and further studies are ongoing." 22725643,Ninox scutulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,scutulata,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)","

Ninox scutulata, N. japonica, N. randi and N. obscura (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. scutulata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 58581,Pelophylax cretensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,cretensis,,,,,"(Beerli, Hotz, Tunner, Heppich & Uzzell, 1994)","The species status of Pelophylax cretensis is ""confirmed"" by short mtDNA sequences and a large number of private allozyme alleles not found in any other water frog (P. Beerli pers. comm.)." 79079357,Lissotriton maltzani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,SALAMANDRIDAE,Lissotriton,maltzani,,,,,"(Boettger, 1879)",This taxon was removed from the synonymy of Lissotriton boscai by Sequiera et al. (2020) and Speybroeck et al. (2020). 200278757,Campylopterus diamantinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Campylopterus,diamantinensis,,,,,"Ruschi, 1963","Previously regarded as a subspecies of C. largipennis (HBW/BirdLife International 2018) but split following Lopes et al. (2017, 2020). Differs from C. l. largipennis by its longer ‘LTTs’ (light tail-tips) (effect size 2.39 for male LTT1; score 2); base of outer rectrices bright bronzy-green vs dark grey (1); totally different habitat (1); totally different voice, with the song a high tittering trill, quite unlike anything on Xeno-canto for largipennis (at least 4). For difference from C. calcirupicola, see that species. Monotypic." 165349,Theodoxus danubialis,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,danubialis,,,,,"(C. Pfeiffer, 1828)","Although no formal synonymy has taken place as yet, Sands et al. (2019) and Sands et al. (2020) both suggest the synonymy of T. prevostianus with this species based on molecular data." 165351,Theodoxus euxinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,CYCLONERITIDA,NERITIDAE,Theodoxus,euxinus,,,,,"(Clessin, 1886)","Fauna Europea (Bank et al. 2006) lists this species for Ukraine but not for Greece, however Theodoxus  euxinus has been regarded by some as a subspecies of the widespread Theodoxus fluvilatis, and hence this status of the taxon as a species may be worthy of further research." 22695277,Circaetus fasciolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circaetus,fasciolatus,,,,,"Kaup, 1850", 22732232,Buteo japonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,japonicus,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1844","Buteo buteo, B. japonicus and B. refectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. buteo following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22695405,Circus pygargus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,pygargus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 184553,Bythinella punica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,LITTORINIMORPHA,BYTHINELLIDAE,Bythinella,punica,,,,,"Letourneux & Bourguignat, 1887","The generic placement of this species is uncertain, as it was based on shell characteristics, lacking anatomical data. The species is possibly identical to B. limnopsis according to Boeters (1976).

Glöer et al. (2010) placed the species in genus Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878, however this revision has not been adopted." 22734715,Cuculus saturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,saturatus,,,,,"Blyth, 1843","Recent mtDNA study suggests that present species is closest to C. canorus, the two being a sister-clade to C. gularis and C. rochii (Payne 2005). In 2014 Cuculus saturatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) incorporated C. optatus following the suggestion they were vocally indistinguishable, however the previous treatment, with both separated as species, is here reinstated after Xia et al. (2016) demonstrated that they are vocally distinct.

An earlier concept (recognised prior to 2006) treated C. saturatus (with optatus/horsfieldi: see note under C. optatus) as conspecific with C. lepidus (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993). Monotypic.

" 22689507,Asio otus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Asio,otus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22695795,Pseudastur polionotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pseudastur,polionotus,,,,,"(Kaup, 1847)",Pseudastur polionotus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Leucopternis.

161568,Myliobatis freminvillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MYLIOBATIDAE,Myliobatis,freminvillei,,,,,"Lesueur, 1824",Easily confused with the Southern Eagle Ray (Myliobatis goodei) (Last et al. 2016). 22695396,Circus macrourus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,macrourus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1770)", 21653,Testudo marginata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Testudo,marginata,,,,,"Schoepff, 1793","The recognised subspecies are marginata, sarda, and weissingeri. The subspecies weissingeri was elevated to species rank by Bour (1996), but it is frequently considered to be a subspecies of Testudo marginata. It is not even accorded subspecies status by some authors, but it was validated as a full species by Perälä (2002).

In this account we include T. weissingeri within T. marginata following Rhodin et al. (2021) pending resolution of its taxonomic status." 22700250,Knipolegus franciscanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TYRANNIDAE,Knipolegus,franciscanus,,,,,"Snethlage, 1928", 200990551,Boaedon capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,capensis,,,,,"Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854","

There may be cryptic taxa within Boaedon capensis (Kelly et al. 2011, Hallermann et al. 2020), and the well-known ‘mentalis’ morphotype of the western arid region of the subcontinent (Branch 1998) was recently recognised as a full species (Hallermann et al. 2020). There is long-standing confusion between the ranges of B. capensis and B. fuliginosus. Boaedon fuliginosus was considered to be restricted to West Africa by Trape and Mediannikov (2016), although Hallerman et al. (2020) assign specimens from northeastern Angola to B. fuliginosus, and dark-coloured individuals from northern Zambia have also been referred to B. fuliginosus (Broadley et al. 2003, Pietersen et al. 2021). Hughes (1997) considered B. fuliginosus to occur sympatrically with B. capensis in East Africa and the Horn of Africa, a concept that has not been followed by Spawls et al. (2018), which refer all East African material to B. fuliginosus group. Until a full examination of existing material relating to the taxonomic status of this species, this assessment follows Hughes (1997) in the separation of B. capensis and B. fuliginosus.


" 200296433,Cacatua citrinocristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,citrinocristata,,,,,"(Fraser, 1844)","Previously considered a subspecies of C. sulphurea. Collar & Marsden (2014) used the Tobias criteria to evaluate the taxonomic status of the subspecies citrinocristata from Sumba of the Yellow-crested Cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea. They found that it met the criteria (scoring 7) against every other taxon except C. s. parvula, against which it scored only 6 as a result of the latter’s surprisingly long tail (by comparison with other Wallacean yellow-crests). This may have been a case of an overly strict application of the criteria, and the decision was ignored by Eaton et al. (2016) who readily split the ‘Sumba Cockatoo’. With the further disclosure that fledgling citrinocristata have black bills and fledgling sulphurea of all known forms have pale bills, we have further evidence of a distinction between Sumba birds and the others, we reverse the decision in Collar & Marsden (2014) to keep citrinocristata lumped and now regard it as a full species. Monotypic." 42564343,Aetobatus narinari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,AETOBATIDAE,Aetobatus,narinari,,,,,"(Euphrasen, 1790)",The Whitespotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatus narinari) (Euphrasen 1790) was originally restricted to the Western Central and Southwest Atlantic (Sales et al. 2019) but the range now also extends to the eastern Atlantic (Fricke et al. 2020). 161686,Rostroraja texana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Rostroraja,texana,,,,,"(Chandler, 1921)", 201621105,Tetronarce tremens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,TORPEDINIDAE,Tetronarce,tremens,,,,,"(de Buen, 1959)","Torpedo peruana Chirichigno, 1963 is tentatively recognised as a synonym of Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959) (Carvalho et al. 2002). Torpedo microdiscus is also now included as a synonym of T. tremens (Carvalho et al. 2016)." 201629258,Narke japonica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARKIDAE,Narke,japonica,,,,,"(Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)","Crassinarke dormitor is now included as a synonym of Narke japonica (Compagno and Heemstra 2007, Carvalho et al. 2016)." 22710909,Acridotheres melanopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Acridotheres,melanopterus,,,,,"(Daudin, 1800)","Previously split by del Hoyo & Collar (2016) into three species, Black-winged Myna A. melanopterus in most of Java except the far east, Grey-backed Myna A. tricolor in far eastern Java and Grey-rumped Myna A. tertius on Bali. However, genetic analysis by Sadanandan et al. (2020) established that these taxa are very weakly distinguishable genetically, and that the darker coloration of tertius may be due to introgression from Javan Myna A. javanicus. Their recommendation to lump the three species is accepted here. Sometimes placed in genus Sturnus, but appears behaviourally and vocally closer to present genus. Three subspecies recognised. Prior to the 2016, this concept, including the three subspecies as detailed above, was recognised following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22689362,Aegolius funereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Aegolius,funereus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 201958060,Protogoniomorpha duprei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Protogoniomorpha,duprei,,,,,"(Vinson, 1863)",This species was previously treated as Protogoniomorpha anacardii ssp. duprei but has since been split as a separate species (see Williams 2020). 59516,Caecilia inca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,GYMNOPHIONA,CAECILIIDAE,Caecilia,inca,,,,,"Taylor, 1973",The taxonomic status of this species is unclear. 22705877,Zavattariornis stresemanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Zavattariornis,stresemanni,,,,,"Moltoni, 1938", 149689794,Hyla perrini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Hyla,perrini,,,,,"Dufresnes, Mazepa, Rodrigues, Brelsford, Litvinchuk, Sermier, Lavanchy, Betto-Colliard, Blaser, Borzée, Cavoto, Fabre, Ghali, Grossen, Horn, Leuenberger, Phillips, Saunders, Savary, Maddalena, Stöck, Dubey, Canestrelli & Jeffries, 2018",This is a split from the broader concept of Hyla intermedia (Dufresnes et al. 2018). 114139495,Pelodytes atlanticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELODYTIDAE,Pelodytes,atlanticus,,,,,"Díaz-Rodríguez, Gehara, Márquez, Vences, Gonçalves, Sequeira, Martínez-Solano & Tejedo, 2017",This is a split from the broader concept of Pelodytes punctatus (Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2017). 173103952,Rana parvipalmata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,parvipalmata,,,,,"López-Seoane, 1885","This is a split from Rana temporaria, where it was previously considered a subspecies (Dufresnes et al. 2020)." 22696060,Aquila chrysaetos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,chrysaetos,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 173204,Pseudochazara amymone,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudochazara,amymone,,,,,"Brown, 1976","This Grayling used to be considered a subspecies of Brown's Grayling, or Buff's Asian Grayling (P. mamurra), which occurs in the Asian part of Turkey." 22697805,Eudyptula minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptula,minor,,,,,"(J.R. Forster, 1781)","Based on the currently available evidence, the HBW & BirdLife Checklist treats Little Penguin as a single monotypic species. A series of peer-reviewed papers identified two genetically distinct clades, one restricted to New Zealand, and another comprising birds from Australia and New Zealand's southeast (Otago) (Banks et al. 2002; Grosser et al. 2015, 2016; Peuker et al. 2009 and Tavares and Baker 2008). A multivariate skeletal analysis further revealed osteological differentiation between the New Zealand and Australian clades (Grosser et al. 2017). In contrast, studies based on vocalisation (Miyazaki & Nakagawa 2015) and two conference abstracts on plumage colour (Macey et al. 2015) and mating (Clark et al. 2015) were inconclusive to distinguish the two lineages due to small sample size. In addition, an unpublished report (Boesman unpublished) found no support for strong vocal differences between the clades but it was also inconclusive based on a limited sample size of 6 recordings. While genetic evidence for two clades is well documented and accepted by the scientific community, there is an overall lack of data on acoustics, plumage, geographic relationship, behaviour and ecology on many colonies to deliver taxonomic decisions with objectivity, consistency and transparency as proposed by the Tobias criteria (Tobias et al. 2010). Therefore, a move to split the clades as two species appears premature, requiring further biological work to assess whether genetic differences between populations are supported by taxonomically meaningful phenotypic differences as suggested by Mattern & Wilson (2018)." 22689535,Asio capensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Asio,capensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1834)", 22694944,Aviceda cuculoides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aviceda,cuculoides,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 9474,Graphium meeki,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,meeki,,,,,"Rothschild, 1901","

This species has two subspecies, the nominate subspecies meeki from the Solomon Islands, and subspecies inexpectatum from Bougainville (Miller and Miller 1982).

" 9476,Graphium mendana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Graphium,mendana,,,,,"Godman & Salvin, 1888","There are four subspecies currently recognised: the nominate subspecies mendana, with its type locality at Aola, Guadalcanal; subspecies acous (Ribbe, 1898) with a type locality at Aco, Bougainville; subspecies neyra (Rothschild, 1895), with type locality of New Georgia; and subspecies aureofasciatum (Racheli, 1979) (see Tennent 2002), with a type locality at Dala on northwest Malaita (Racheli 1980)." 16007,Papilio toboroi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,toboroi,,,,,"Ribbe, 1907",

There are two subspecies recorded for this species (Collins and Morris 1985).

16008,Papilio weymeri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PAPILIONIDAE,Papilio,weymeri,,,,,"Niepelt, 1914", 16166,Parantica hypowattan,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Parantica,hypowattan,,,,,"Morishita, 1981","No subspecies have been described.

This species is closely related and similar in appearance to several other Parantica species endemic to Sulawesi, namely P. toxopei Nieuwenhuis, 1969, P. kuekenthali Pagenstecher, 1896, P. sulewattan Fruhstorfer, 1896, and P. dabrerai Miller and Miller, 1978. The last is particularly close in appearance to this species and flies in the same montane localities in central Sulawesi (Morishita 1985)." 159764,Erites medura,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erites,medura,,,,,"Horsfield, 1829", 159765,Castalius fasciatus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Castalius,fasciatus,,,,,"Röber, 1887","

The nominate fasciatus occurs on Kepulauan Banggai (Peleng) and adorabilis Fruhstorfer, 1918, occurs on the main island of Sulawesi (Vane-Wright and De Jong 2003). 

" 159796,Paralaxita orphna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,RIODINIDAE,Paralaxita,orphna,,,,,"Boisduval, 1836",Several subspecies have been described. 159800,Mycalesis janardana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Mycalesis,janardana,,,,,"Moore, 1857",Several subspecies have been described. 159801,Eurema andersoni,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Eurema,andersoni,,,,,"Moore, 1886","In addition to several invalid synonyms, eleven subspecies are currently recognized for this taxon (Yata 1991)." 159852,Hypochrysops ignita,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypochrysops,ignita,,,,,"(Leach, 1814)","Several subspecies have been described from Australia and Papua New Guinea." 159907,Cyrestis nivea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cyrestis,nivea,,,,,"Zinken-Sommer, 1831",There are several recognized subspecies of this butterfly (W.J. Tennent and C.J. Muller pers. comm. 2009). 159933,Laxita teneta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,RIODINIDAE,Laxita,teneta,,,,,"Hewitson, 1860",No subspecies have been described. 159937,Eurema alitha,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Eurema,alitha,,,,,"Felder, 1862",Twenty subspecies were recognised by Yata (1995). 160036,Euthalia merta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euthalia,merta,,,,,"Moore, 1859",Several subspecies have been recognised (W.J. Tennent and C.J. Muller pers. comm. 2008). 160067,Dodona eugenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,RIODINIDAE,Dodona,eugenes,,,,,"Bates, 1867",Several subspecies have been described. 160146,Amblypodia vivarna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Amblypodia,vivarna,,,,,"Horsfield, 1829","At least ten subspecies have been recognised by various authors, including Amblypodia vivarna samina Fruhstorfer, 1904, from Sulawesi  – regarded by some authors (e.g., Igarashi and Fukuda 2000) as a distinct species. Vane-Wright and de Jong (2003) followed Cantlie (1964) in regarding samina as a subspecies of A. vivarna." 160151,Mycalesis lorna,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Mycalesis,lorna,,,,,"Grose-Smith, 1894", 160188,Arhopala similis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Arhopala,similis,,,,,"Druce, 1895","The status of this butterfly is not entirely clear; it may represent a form of Arhopala agesias Hewitson (Pinratana 1981, Corbet and Pendlebury 1992). No subspecies have been described." 160193,Arhopala bazaloides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Arhopala,bazaloides,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1878)","Two subspecies have been described. Nominate bazaloides occurs throughout most of the species’ range; Arhopala bazaloides lanka Evans, 1957, was described from Sri Lanka (Evans 1957)." 160197,Suasa lisides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Suasa,lisides,,,,,"Hewitson, 1863",Several subspecies have been described. 160199,Deudorix loxias,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Deudorix,loxias,,,,,"Hewitson, 1863","The name 'loxias' has often been misspelled 'loxius'. The original description cites 'loxias' on both the text page in volume 1 of Hewitson’s 'Illustrations of Diurnal Lepidoptera' (1863), and on the accompanying plate data in volume 2. No subspecies have been described for the taxon at present." 160249,Thaumantis noureddin,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Thaumantis,noureddin,,,,,"Westwood, 1851",Four subspecies have been described. 160297,Mycalesis itys,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Mycalesis,itys,,,,,"Felder, 1867","

Nominate itys is restricted to the north of Sulawesi; M. i. remulina Fruhstorfer, 1897, occurs on the remainder of the island; M. i. sulensis Grose Smith & Kirby, 1896, is restricted to Kep. Sula.

" 160299,Lasippa neriphus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Lasippa,neriphus,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1868)","It should be noted that Vane-Wright and de Jong (2003) state that the taxonomic authority is Moore, 1898. This species is also regarded by some authors (e.g. Eliot 1969) as a subgenus of Neptis.
Three subspecies are recognised: nominate neriphus from Kepulauan (Kep.) Sula; L. n. tawayana Fruhstorfer, 1899, from Sulawesi, Kep. Togian, Kep. Banggai (Peleng), Butung, Kabaena and Muna; and L. n. sangira Fruhstorfer, 1908, from Kep. Sangihe (Vane-Wright and de Jong 2003)." 160308,Nacaduba sanaya,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Nacaduba,sanaya,,,,,"Fruhstorfer, 1916",

Several subspecies have been described.

160314,Neptis celebica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Neptis,celebica,,,,,"Moore, 1899","Three subspecies have been described. These are Neptis celebica celebica, Neptis celebica oresta (Fruhstorfer, 1913) and Neptis celebica arachroa (Fruhstorfer, 1913)." 160318,Junonia almana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Junonia,almana,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",The species varies little throughout its wide range. Some four subspecies have been recognized (W.J. Tennent and C.J. Muller pers. comm. 2009). 160340,Prothoe calydonia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Prothoe,calydonia,,,,,"Hewitson, 1855",Six subspecies have been described. 160365,Euthalia djata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euthalia,djata,,,,,"Distant, 1887",Several subspecies have been described. 160390,Apatura parisatis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Apatura,parisatis,,,,,"Westwood, 1850",

A number of subspecies have been described. Many of the larger islands where this species occur have a distinct race.

160443,Eurema tominia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Eurema,tominia,,,,,"Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865",Nine subspecies are formally recognised for this taxon (Yata 1992). 160454,Paralaxita damajanti,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,RIODINIDAE,Paralaxita,damajanti,,,,,"Felder, 1860",Several subspecies have been described. 160474,Delias enniana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Delias,enniana,,,,,"Oberthür, 1880","The nominate enniana was described from Geelvink Bay; Delias enniana reducta Rothschild, 1915, from the Eilanden River in West Irian; D. e. eceicei Joicey & Talbot, 1916, from further east, in Papua New Guinea. Parsons (1998) believed subspecific separation was doubtful. Taxonomy of the closely related D. dice Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865, D. ribbei Röber, 1886, D. maudei Joicey & Noakes, 1915, and D. akikoae Morita, 2001, some of which are allopatric in some localities, is highly subjective and open to interpretation (W.J. Tennent and C.J. Muller pers. comm. 2008)." 160533,Delias periboea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,PIERIDAE,Delias,periboea,,,,,"(Godart, 1819)","Up to seven subspecies have been described: Delias periboea periboea, D. p.wallacei, D. p. livia, D. p. pagenstecheri, D. p. alorensis, D. p. floresiana,and D. p. atakei.
" 160609,Rapala rhodopis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Rapala,rhodopis,,,,,"De Nicéville, 1896", 160665,Abisara geza,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,RIODINIDAE,Abisara,geza,,,,,"Fruhstorfer, 1904",Several subspecies have been described. 160676,Artipe eryx,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Artipe,eryx,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1771)","

Approximately five subspecies have been described. A. eryx agis Fruhstorfer, 1914, was described from Borneo, but structural (genitalic) differences suggest it is better regarded as a distinct species.

" 160677,Pseudodipsas cephenes,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Pseudodipsas,cephenes,,,,,"Hewitson, 1874","Although northern and southern subpopulations of this species appear phenotypically quite distinct, no subspecies are formally recognized for the taxon at present." 160725,Una usta,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Una,usta,,,,,"Distant, 1886","Hirowatari (1992) considered this species to be conspecific with Una philippensis Schröder & Treadaway, 1986 from Mindanao. The assessors follow Treadaway (1995), who regarded Una philippensis a distinct species." 160744,Ancema ctesia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Ancema,ctesia,,,,,"Hewitson, 1865",

Several subspecies have been described.

160854,Tanaecia pelea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Tanaecia,pelea,,,,,"Fabricius, 1787",

At least four subspecies have been described.

160920,Cheritra freja,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Cheritra,freja,,,,,"Fabricius, 1793",A number of subspecies are recognized throughout the range of this species (W.J. Tennent and C.J. Muller pers. comm. 2008). 160934,Hypochrysops chrysargyra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Hypochrysops,chrysargyra,,,,,"Smith & Kirby, 1895",There are several synonyms of the name chrysargyra including chrysargyrus. No subspecies are currently recognised. 160961,Drupadia estella,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Drupadia,estella,,,,,"(Hewitson, 1863)",Several distinct subspecies have been described for this taxon. 161024,Erites elegans,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Erites,elegans,,,,,"Butler, 1868",

Three subspecies have been described.

161037,Taenaris horsfieldii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Taenaris,horsfieldii,,,,,"Swainson, 1820/21",

Several subspecies are recognised.

161046,Heteronympha merope,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Heteronympha,merope,,,,,"Fabricius, 1775","Three subspecies of this species are recognised. These are merope (in Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales), duboulayi (in Western Australia) and salazar (in Tasmania) (Herbison-Evans and Crossley 2009). " 161128,Bullis stigmata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Bullis,stigmata,,,,,"(Druce, 1904)",No subspecies have been described. 161175,Symbrenthia hippalus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Symbrenthia,hippalus,,,,,"Felder, 1867","The nominate subspecies is restricted to the main island of Sulawesi. The species was recently discovered on the island of Taliabu (Sula group) and described as Symbrenthia hippalis taliabuensis Yagishita, 2005 (Yagishita 2006)." 161209,Cirrochroa regina,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Cirrochroa,regina,,,,,"Felder, 1867",A number of names have been raised to describe insular subpopulations (W.J. Tennent and C.J. Muller pers. comm. 2008). 161221,Arhopala argentea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Arhopala,argentea,,,,,"Staudinger, 1888",

No subspecies have been described.

161248,Thaumaina uranothauma,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Thaumaina,uranothauma,,,,,"Bethune-Baker, 1908", 161255,Jamides caerulea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Jamides,caerulea,,,,,"(Druce, 1873)",Several subspecies have been described. 161266,Mycalesis heri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Mycalesis,heri,,,,,"Moore, 1857","Identification of the Bushbrowns is difficult, especially during the dry season (Van der Poel and Wangchuk 2007)." 161302,Chersonesia excellens,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Chersonesia,excellens,,,,,"Martin, 1903",No subspecies have been described. 161303,Euthalia malaccana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Euthalia,malaccana,,,,,"Fruhstorfer, 1899",Several subspecies have been described. 22689531,Asio flammeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Asio,flammeus,,,,,"(Pontoppidan, 1763)", 22694964,Aviceda leuphotes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aviceda,leuphotes,,,,,"(Dumont, 1820)", 22695726,Butastur indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Butastur,indicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22679029,Arborophila mandellii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Arborophila,mandellii,,,,,"Hume, 1874", 22695714,Butastur rufipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Butastur,rufipennis,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1851)", 22695978,Buteo auguralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,auguralis,,,,,"Salvadori, 1865", 22695967,Buteo hemilasius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,hemilasius,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1844", 22695973,Buteo lagopus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,lagopus,,,,,"(Pontoppidan, 1763)", 22736562,Buteo rufinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,rufinus,,,,,"(Cretzschmar, 1827)","Recent studies found that the taxonomy of Buteo rufinus cistensis is not clear, and it is closer to Buteo buteo than to Buteo rufinus (Jowers et al. 2019). It has been suggested to name it North African Buzzard instead of Long-legged Buzzard (Jowers et al. 2019, MaghrebOrnitho 2019).
" 202709479,Trichomycterus spectrum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,TRICHOMYCTERIDAE,Trichomycterus,spectrum,,,,,"DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros, 2020", 22704185,Philemon brassi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Philemon,brassi,,,,,"Rand, 1940", 22695271,Circaetus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circaetus,cinereus,,,,,"Vieillot, 1818", 22734216,Circaetus gallicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circaetus,gallicus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22712042,Eurochelidon sirintarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,HIRUNDINIDAE,Eurochelidon,sirintarae,,,,,"(Kitti, 1968)", 165474,Platycnemis subdilatata,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,PLATYCNEMIDIDAE,Platycnemis,subdilatata,,,,,"Selys, 1849", 22716243,Zosterornis hypogrammicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterornis,hypogrammicus,,,,,"(Salomonsen, 1961)",

Zosterornis hypogrammicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris hypogrammica.

203284907,Xixuthrus terribilis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Xixuthrus,terribilis,,,,,"Thomson, 1877","

For more than a century, Xixuthrus terribilis Thomson, 1877 was erroneously considered a junior subjective synonym of the Giant Fijian Longhorn Beetle (Xixuthrus heros (Gräffe, 1868)) until it was restored to full species status (Yanega et al. 2004). For nearly sixty years, the Taveuni Beetle was known by the name X. heyrovskyi Tippmann 1945, a junior synonym of X. terribilis (Yanega et al. 2004).

" 203285436,Lamprima aenea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LUCANIDAE,Lamprima,aenea,,,,,"(Fabricius, 1792)","

This species was redescribed by Schreibers (1802) when he transferred Fabricius’ species to the genus Lucanus Scopoli and it was first placed in Lamprima by Latreille (1804).  Hope, in Westwood (1845), created an unwarranted new name, L. schreibersii, based on the assumption that Schreibers' redescription was a new taxonomic act. Moore & Cassis (1992) corrected the error but placed the synonym under the wrong species (L. aurata Latreille) and the synonym was correctly attributed to L. aenea in Reid et al. (2018). Lamprima subrugosa was an unneccessary new name for the same taxon, later corrected by Thomson (1862).

" 203285527,Xixuthrus heros,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Xixuthrus,heros,,,,,"(Gräffe, 1868)","The species was originally described by Heer in 1868 in a work published by Gräffe (Gräffe 1868), but Heer was not appropriately credited for the description. Thus, the scientific name cannot be attributed to Heer under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) and authorship is instead attributed to Gräffe (Evenhuis 2007). A larva of Xixuthrus heros was also described in the same work but has since been determined to belong to the genus Olethrius Thomson (Yanega et al. 2004)." 203285540,Xixuthrus ganglbaueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CERAMBYCIDAE,Xixuthrus,ganglbaueri,,,,,"Lameere, 1912","Xixuthrus ganglbaueri was originally described by Lameere in 1912 (Lameere 1912) and a neotype was designated by Yanega et al. (2004) after the holotype could no longer be located." 22734223,Circaetus pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circaetus,pectoralis,,,,,"A. Smith, 1829", 22695344,Circus aeruginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,aeruginosus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 203364219,Dipturus batis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,RAJIDAE,Dipturus,batis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","The Common Blue Skate (Dipturus batis) and Flapper Skate (Dipturus intermedius) were synonymised in a taxonomic revision of European skates (Rajidae) in the 1920s (Clark 1926), before being recognised again as separate species in 2010 (Iglésias et al. 2010). Consequently, information for both species were reported as ‘Dipturus batis’ (the 'common skate complex') for much of the 20th and early 21st centuries." 22709376,Ficedula henrici,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Ficedula,henrici,,,,,"(Hartert, 1899)", 59102,Hynobius formosanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,formosanus,,,,,"Maki, 1922","Nishikawa et al. (2021) have clarified the taxonomic identification of Hynobius sonani and H. formosanus . Based on the descriptions and measurement data in the original description, Nishikawa et al. (2021) they confirmed that H. sonani has been treated as H. formosanus and vice versa. As the holotypes could not be found, neotypes have been assigned to avoid future taxonomic confusion." 59093,Hynobius sonani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,CAUDATA,HYNOBIIDAE,Hynobius,sonani,,,,,"(Maki, 1922)","Nishikawa et al. (2021) have clarified the taxonomic identification of Hynobius sonani and H. formosanus . Based on the descriptions and measurement data in the original description, Nishikawa et al. (2021) they confirmed that H. sonani has been treated as H. formosanus and vice versa. As the holotypes could not be found, neotypes have been assigned to avoid future taxonomic confusion." 22695402,Circus melanoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,melanoleucos,,,,,"(Pennant, 1769)", 22689600,Batrachostomus stellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,PODARGIDAE,Batrachostomus,stellatus,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 61709141,Circus spilonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Circus,spilonotus,,,,,"Kaup, 1847","Circus spilonotus and C. spilothorax (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. spilonotus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22696022,Clanga pomarina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Clanga,pomarina,,,,,"(Brehm, 1831)","Clanga pomarina (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aquila.

Aquila pomarina (Sibley and Monroe 1990, 1993) has been split into A. pomarina and A. hastata following Parry et al. (2002).

" 63128,Mustelus mento,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Mustelus,mento,,,,,"Cope, 1877",Records of this species off Argentina refer to Mustelus schmitti. 44781,Rhinolophus hilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,hilli,,,,,"Aellen, 1973","Rhinolophus hilli has been recognized as a distinct species (Fahr et al. 2002, Simmons and Cirranello 2021)." 13846,Mops petersoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Mops,petersoni,,,,,"(El-Rayah, 1981)",The species is recognized as a distinct species (Simmons and Cirranello 2020). 21100,Styloctenium wallacei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Styloctenium,wallacei,,,,,"(Gray, 1866)", 22678934,Melanoperdix niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Melanoperdix,niger,,,,,"(Vigors, 1829)", 22696033,Aquila rapax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,rapax,,,,,"(Temminck, 1828)", 22696027,Clanga clanga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Clanga,clanga,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)",Clanga clanga (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aquila. 22693068,Scolopax rochussenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Scolopax,rochussenii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1866", 22691005,Gallicolumba menagei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Gallicolumba,menagei,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)", 22696495,Falco cherrug,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,cherrug,,,,,"Gray, 1834", 136920,Trachypithecus crepusculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,crepusculus,,,,,"(Elliot, 1909)","This taxon was classified as a subspecies of the Phayre’s Langur (Trachypithecus phayrei). Genetic data suggest that this species is a product of ancient hybridisation between the ancestors of the francoisi- and the obscurus-group (Liedigk et al. 2009). More recent genetic studies indicate that the genetic material acquired from the obscurus-group is specifically from the Tenasserim Langur (T. barbei) and not from T. phayrei (Roos, unpubl.).

There is some geographic variation. Individuals from the northeastern part of the distribution tend to be darker, particularly on the limbs and tail.

Although it is now accepted as a valid species (T. crepuscula), the taxon is still listed as a subspecies on The IUCN Red list because the revised taxonomic concept of T. phayrei has not yet been assessed by the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group." 181008073,Loxodonta africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PROBOSCIDEA,ELEPHANTIDAE,Loxodonta,africana,,,,,"(Blumenbach, 1797)","Three elephant taxa remain from the sixteen elephant-like species that are known from across the planet in the Pleistocene: Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana), and African Forest Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) (Faurby and Svenning 2015, Malhi et al. 2016). The Asian and African ancestral lineages diverged approximately seven million years ago, and the African Savanna and African Forest ancestral lineages began diverging approximately one million years later (Rohland et al. 2010, Brandt et al. 2014, Roca et al. 2015, Meyer et al. 2017, Palkopoulou et al. 2018). The Third Edition of ‘Mammal Species of the World’ (Wilson and Reeder 2005) was the first to formally designate the African elephant as these two separate species. Recent genetic findings also support this designation (Roca et al. 2007, Ishida et al. 2011, Mondol et al. 2015, Palkopoulou et al. 2018, Kim and Wasser 2019). Hybridization between the two species appears restricted and evident at only 14 of the more than 100 localities recently examined across the vast forest-savanna ecotone. In nine of these 14 localities, hybrid individuals occurred alongside non-hybrid individuals of either one species or the other and not both (i.e., three localities had hybrids and African Forest Elephants only and assigned as this species; six localities had hybrids and African Savanna Elephants only and assigned as this species). For the IUCN Red List assessments, a distribution map published in Mondol et al. (2015) and recent data by Kim and Wasser (2019) are used to assign localities as range of either L. africana or L. cyclotis." 181007989,Loxodonta cyclotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PROBOSCIDEA,ELEPHANTIDAE,Loxodonta,cyclotis,,,,,"Matschie, 1900","Three elephant taxa remain from the sixteen elephant-like species that are known from across the planet in the Pleistocene: Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), African Savanna Elephant (Loxodonta africana), and African Forest Elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) (Faurby and Svenning 2015, Malhi et al. 2016). The Asian and African ancestral lineages diverged approximately seven million years ago, and the African Savanna and African Forest ancestral lineages began diverging approximately one million years later (Rohland et al. 2010, Brandt et al. 2014, Roca et al. 2015, Meyer et al. 2017, Palkopoulou et al. 2018). The Third Edition of ‘Mammal Species of the World’ (Wilson and Reeder 2005) was the first to formally designate the African elephant as these two separate species. Recent genetic findings also support this designation (Roca et al. 2007, Ishida et al. 2011, Mondol et al. 2015, Palkopoulou et al. 2018, Kim and Wasser 2019). Hybridization between the two species appears restricted and evident at only 14 of the more than 100 localities recently examined across the vast forest-savanna ecotone. In nine of these 14 localities, hybrid individuals occurred alongside non-hybrid individuals of either one species or the other and not both (i.e., three localities had hybrids and African Forest Elephants only and assigned as this species; six localities had hybrids and African Savanna Elephants only and assigned as this species). For the IUCN Red List assessments, a distribution map published in Mondol et al. (2015) and recent data by Kim and Wasser (2019) are used to assign localities as range of either L. africana or L. cyclotis." 22695189,Gyps africanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,africanus,,,,,"Salvadori, 1865", 204501027,Conraua sagyimase,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,CONRAUIDAE,Conraua,sagyimase,,,,,"Neira-Salamea, Ofori-Boateng, Kouamé, Blackburn, Segniagbeto, Hillers, Barej, Leaché & Rödel, 2021", 192586770,Encya sambirana,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Encya,sambirana,,,,,"Lebis, 1961", 192586858,Pentaphylla freyi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Pentaphylla,freyi,,,,,"Lebis, 1961", 192586873,Vadonaria macrophalla,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Vadonaria,macrophalla,,,,,"Lebis, 1961", 192587908,Comencya mohelica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Comencya,mohelica,,,,,"(Paulian, 1961)", 192588062,Joziratia jocquei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,jocquei,,,,,"(Decelle & Lacroix, 1991)", 192588135,Joziratia mayottensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,mayottensis,,,,,"(Dewailly, 1950)", 192588153,Joziratia cinnamomea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,cinnamomea,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 192588173,Joziratia breviclava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,breviclava,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 192588260,Joziratia andriai,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,andriai,,,,,"(Paulian, 1961)", 192588314,Joziratia desruisseauxi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,desruisseauxi,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 192588361,Joziratia anjouanae,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,anjouanae,,,,,"(Paulian, 1961)", 192588417,Joziratia longiclava,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,longiclava,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 192588441,Joziratia pamanzii,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Joziratia,pamanzii,,,,,"(Paulian, 1961)", 192588675,Komrina villosa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Komrina,villosa,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 192588802,Mucrencya inermis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Mucrencya,inermis,,,,,"(Fairmaire, 1895)", 192588913,Humblotania brevitarsis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Humblotania,brevitarsis,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 192589003,Mayataia griveaudi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Mayataia,griveaudi,,,,,"(Paulian, 1961)", 192589054,Djadjoua viettei,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Djadjoua,viettei,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 192589058,Djadjoua viossati,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,MELOLONTHIDAE,Djadjoua,viossati,,,,,"Lacroix, 1993", 22695194,Gyps bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,bengalensis,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22695215,Gyps himalayensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,himalayensis,,,,,"Hume, 1869", 22729731,Gyps indicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,indicus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22695207,Gyps rueppelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,rueppelli,,,,,"(Brehm, 1852)",Gyps rueppelli (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as G. rueppellii. 22729460,Gyps tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Gyps,tenuirostris,,,,,"Gray, 1844", 204715862,Apteronotus quilombola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,APTERONOTIDAE,Apteronotus,quilombola,,,,,"Peixoto, Datovo, Menezes & Santana, 2021", 204715909,Brachyhypopomus degy,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,HYPOPOMIDAE,Brachyhypopomus,degy,,,,,"Dutra, Peixoto, Ochoa, Ohara, de Santana, Menezes & Datovo, 2021", 204715926,Electrophorus voltai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Electrophorus,voltai,,,,,"de Santana, Wosiacki, Crampton, Sabaj, Dillman, Castro e C., Bastos & Vari, 2019", 204715939,Gymnotus darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,GYMNOTIFORMES,GYMNOTIDAE,Gymnotus,darwini,,,,,"Campos-da-Paz & de Santana, 2019", 61533,Macroprotodon cucullatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Macroprotodon,cucullatus,,,,,"(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827)","Macroprotodon cucullatus is a recognized species complex (Carranza et al. 2004, Geniez 2018), whose members are difficult to distinguish morphologically (Geniez 2018). This author describes the systematics of this group as ""controversial and still under discussion"".

Populations of northern Algeria and Tunisia (and the introduced populations of Mallorca and Menorca) are recognized by some authors as the distinct species Macroprotodon mauritanicus (V. Pérez Mellado pers. comm.; Geniez 2018). Recent genetic data suggests that, if it is specifically distinct from M. cucullatus, M. mauritanicus is at least very close to it genetically, however Geniez (2018) cautions that this is based on research that only included one sequence referred to M. cucullatus.

Pending resolution of the systematics of this group, M. mauritanicus and M. cucullatus are treated here as conspecific, though the two species are currently maintained as valid by The Reptile Database (Uetz et al. 2021)." 22695147,Haliaeetus pelagicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,pelagicus,,,,,"(Pallas, 1811)", 22695185,Necrosyrtes monachus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Necrosyrtes,monachus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)", 22695254,Sarcogyps calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Sarcogyps,calvus,,,,,"(Scopoli, 1786)", 22696042,Aquila adalberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,adalberti,,,,,"Brehm, 1861", 22695180,Neophron percnopterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Neophron,percnopterus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22680358,Aythya ferina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Aythya,ferina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22695238,Torgos tracheliotos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Torgos,tracheliotos,,,,,"(Forster, 1791)", 22733562,Chlamydotis macqueenii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,OTIDIFORMES,OTIDIDAE,Chlamydotis,macqueenii,,,,,"(J.E. Gray, 1832)","

Chlamydotis undulata and C. macqueenii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. undulata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22695250,Trigonoceps occipitalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Trigonoceps,occipitalis,,,,,"(Burchell, 1824)", 22696038,Aquila nipalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Aquila,nipalensis,,,,,"Hodgson, 1833", 22689055,Bubo scandiacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,scandiacus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Bubo scandiacus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as B. scandiaca.

22682444,Anthracoceros marchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Anthracoceros,marchei,,,,,"Oustalet, 1885", 22720912,Emberiza cineracea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,EMBERIZIDAE,Emberiza,cineracea,,,,,"Brehm, 1855", 22693093,Gallinago media,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,media,,,,,"(Latham, 1787)", 22696437,Falco amurensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,amurensis,,,,,"Radde, 1863", 22735027,Micromacronus leytensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Micromacronus,leytensis,,,,,"Amadon, 1962", 22696466,Falco cuvierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,cuvierii,,,,,"Smith, 1830", 103822640,Fringilla polatzeki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Fringilla,polatzeki,,,,,"(Hartert, 1905)","

Fringilla teydea and F. polatzeki (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. teydea following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22696442,Falco eleonorae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,eleonorae,,,,,"Géné, 1839", 39387,Sphyrna tiburo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,SPHYRNIDAE,Sphyrna,tiburo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22696357,Falco naumanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,naumanni,,,,,"Fleischer, 1818", 103822567,Fringilla teydea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Fringilla,teydea,,,,,"Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1841","

Fringilla teydea and F. polatzeki (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as F. teydea following AERC TAC (2003); Cramp et al. (1977-1994); Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 161526,Carcharhinus albimarginatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,albimarginatus,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1837)", 39370,Carcharhinus falciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Carcharhinus,falciformis,,,,,"(Bibron, 1839)", 22694136,Glareola nordmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,GLAREOLIDAE,Glareola,nordmanni,,,,,"Fischer, 1842", 22706336,Pityriasis gymnocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITYRIASIDAE,Pityriasis,gymnocephala,,,,,"Temminck, 1835", 39805,Presbytis percura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,percura,,,,,"Lyon, 1908","Presbytis percura was described by M.W. Lyon, Jr. in 1908 based on specimens collected from near Siak Kecil River, Makapan, Kompei, Pulau Rupat, and Salat Rupat (Lyon 1908). It was later regarded as a subspecies of P. femoralis, along with P. f. femoralis and P. f. robinsoni (Groves 2001, Meyer et al. 2011, Groves and Roos 2013, Roos et al. 2014). However, genetic data suggested that at least P. f. femoralis and P. f. robinsoni were different species (Ang 2010, Nijman 2019) which was also in agreement with their morphological characters.

Resolving all subspecies-level boundaries within banded langurs required data for P. f. percura, which was the least studied among the three taxa and only found in the Riau Province in Sumatra (Rizaldi et al. 2019). Complete mitochondrial genomes were later obtained for P. f. percura in the wild, and based on multiple species delimitation algorithms (PTP, ABGD, Objective Clustering) applied to a dataset covering 40 species and 43 subspecies of Asian colobines, all three subspecies of banded langurs were resurrected to species (Ang et al. 2020).

Presbytis percura is mainly blackish above, with a grey head and a white underside (Lyon 1908, Aimi and Bakar 1992). White underside is narrow but extends horizontally across chest, down inner sides of limbs in thin stripes to wrists and ankles, and to cheeks and chin. The tail is black and not bicolour, but part of the ventral surface of the basal third of the tail is indistinctly white. Its throat and face are grey, and there are narrow, pale eye-rings. One (sometimes two) whorls are set well back on its crown. Hairs on the chest are directed backward.

The foetuses are white with a black stripe from the head to the tail, intersected by another black stripe along the outer surfaces of both forearms, forming a distinctive cruciform (cross-like) black pattern on the dorsum." 39806,Presbytis robinsoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,robinsoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1910","

Presbytis robinsoni was described by Thomas (1910) based on white phenotypic variants collected in Trang, southern Thailand. However, typical P. robinsoni specimens are uniformly dark brown to black, with the inner side of the upper arms, lower abdomen following onto the inside of the thighs to the heel being white. Its face, including eyelids, is black, with only a patch around the mouth being white. There are either one or two whorls on the crown (Robinson and Kloss 1911, Weitzel et al. 1988).

Presbytis robinsoni was subsequently regarded as a subspecies of P. femoralis, along with P. f. femoralis and P. f. percura (Groves 2001, Meyer et al. 2011, Groves and Roos 2013, Roos et al. 2014). However, recent genetic analysis suggested that P. f. femoralis and P. f. robinsoni should be treated as different species (Ang 2010, Nijman 2019) which was also in agreement with their morphological characters.

Resolving all subspecies-level boundaries within banded langurs required data for P. f. percura, which was the least studied among the three taxa and only found in the Riau Province in Sumatra (Rizaldi et al. 2019). Complete mitochondrial genomes were later obtained for P. f. percura in the wild, and based on multiple species delimitation algorithms (PTP, ABGD, Objective Clustering) applied to a dataset covering 40 species and 43 subspecies of Asian colobines, all three subspecies of banded langurs were resurrected to the species level (Ang et al. 2020).

" 205889816,Macaca leucogenys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,leucogenys,,,,,"Li, Zhao & Fan, 2015","

Macaca leucogenys was first described by Li et al. (2015) based on photos captured by camera traps, and its full species status was confirmed based on DNA extracted from skin specimens (Fan et al. 2017).

Macaca leucogenys is distinguished from all potential sympatric macaque species (M. mulatta, M. thibetana, M. assamensis, and M. munzala) based on a suite of pelage characteristics including relatively uniform dorsal hair pattern, hairy ventral pelage, relatively hairless short tail, prominent pale to white side- and chin-whiskers creating a white cheek and round facial appearance, dark facial skin on the muzzle, long and thick hairs on its neck, and a round rather than arrow-shaped male genitalia.

" 4240,Chlorocebus djamdjamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Chlorocebus,djamdjamensis,,,,,"(Neumann, 1902)","

Re-evaluated and re-established as a valid taxon by Dandelot and Prévost (1972) and recorded from the Bale Mountains National Park by Carpaneto and Gippoliti (1994). Listed by Grubb et al. (2003) as a subspecies of grivet Chlorocebus aethiops, but here treated as a species following Pocock (1907), Elliot (1913), Lernould (1988), Yalden et al. (1996), Kingdon (1997), Groves (2001, 2005) and Butynski et al. (2013). Groves (2001, 2005) and Butynski et al. (2013) include this taxon in Chlorocebus, in contrast to Grubb et al. (2003) who retained it in Cercopithecus. Taxonomic history reviewed in Butynski et al. (2013). Two subspecies are recognised here: djam-djam monkey C. d. djamdjamensis and Bale Mountains monkey C. d. harennaensis.

Mekonnen et al. (2018c) found two distinct mitochondrial DNA clusters within C. djamdjamensis, one in the Bale Mountains and one in forest fragments in the Sidamo Highlands, central southern Ethiopia. These authors confirm hybridization with C. aethiops and report one phenotypic C. djamdjamensis x vervet C. pygerythrus hybrid. They also indicate that gene flow between C. djamdjamensis in the Bale Mountains and in the Sidamo Highlands is uncommon.

In 2020, Gippoliti proposed the name ‘C. djamdjamensis harennaensis’ for the form in Harenna Forest, Bale Mountains. As the Bale Mountains and Sidamo Highland populations demonstrate strong genetic differentiation (Mekonnen et al. 2018c), and differ phenotypically (Mekonnen et al. 2012), ecologically, behaviourally (Mekonnen et al. 2017, 2018a,b), and in gut microbiota (Trosvik et al. 2018), we provisionally recognise C. d. djamdjamensis and C. d. harennaensis. Further studies are required to better understand the genetic and morphological diversity, phylogenetics, and evolutionary history within C. djamdjamensis.

" 205911038,Trachypithecus selangorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,selangorensis,,,,,"Roos, Nadler & Walter, 2008","

This species has undergone several taxonomic changes. Traditionally, all silvered langurs were classified as subspecies of Trachypithecus cristatus (as per Napier 1985). Subsequently, based on morphological and genetic data, some subspecies were elevated to species – T. auratus, T. cristatus, T. germaini, T. margarita, and T. mauritius (Weitzel and Groves 1985; Groves 2001; Nadler et al. 2005; Roos et al. 2007). Just two subspecies of T. cristatus remained: 1) T. cristatus cristatus on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, and Sumatra, and 2) T. cristatus vigilans on Serasan Island (62 km²) in the Natuna archipelago, Indonesia, to the west of Borneo (Groves 2001; Supriatna 2019). In 2008, additional genetic information (Roos et al. 2008) separated the silvered langurs on western Peninsular Malaysia – a new subspecies, T. cristatus selangorensis – from the nominate subspecies in Borneo, Sumatra, and surrounding islands (T. cristatus cristatus). In 2013, the silvered langurs on the western Peninsular Malaysia were elevated to species level, the Selangor Silvery Langur (T. selangorensis) (Groves et al. 2013; Roos et al. 2014).

" 39761,Nycticebus javanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Nycticebus,javanicus,,,,,"É. Geoffroy, 1812","This taxon was considered a subspecies of Nycticebus coucang but elevated by Groves and Maryanto (2008). This is further supported by morphological studies by Nekaris and Jaffe (2007) and Nekaris and Munds (2010) and genetic studies by Roos (2003) and Wirdateti et al. (2006). Two distinct forms regularly occur in bird markets and further research is needed (Nekaris and Jaffe 2007). Care should be taken in taxonomic studies however due to translocation of individuals from markets into forests and gardens throughout the island (Schulze and Groves 2004). The distinct black and white long-haired appearance of subadults and juveniles also might be mistaken as separate species, for example, in museum specimens or from photos only (KA. Nekaris et al. pers. comm. 2012)." 22693621,Haematopus meadewaldoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,HAEMATOPODIDAE,Haematopus,meadewaldoi,,,,,"Bannerman, 1913", 22694856,Pinguinus impennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Pinguinus,impennis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 22720676,Pyrrhula murina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Pyrrhula,murina,,,,,"Godman, 1866",


60543516,Phapitreron frontalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Phapitreron,frontalis,,,,,"(Bourns & Worcester, 1894)","Phapitreron amethystinus, P. maculipectus and P. frontalis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. amethystinus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 136271,Chlorocebus pygerythrus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Chlorocebus,pygerythrus,,,,,"(F. Cuvier, 1821)","Grubb et al. (2003) treat the vervet monkey as a subspecies of Cercopithecus aethiops. Here the vervet is treated as a species following Hill (1966), Dandelot (1974), Kingdon (1997, 2015), Groves (2001, 2005), Groves and Kingdon (2013), Isbell and Jaffe (2013) and Wallis (2013), and place it in the genus Chlorocebus, following Groves (2001, 2005), Groves and Kingdon (2013), Isbell and Jaffe (2013) and Kingdon (2015). This assessment places the Manda vervet monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus excubitor as a synonym of C. p. hilgerti as the distinctiveness of this taxon is poorly supported. Omo vervet monkey is here treated as a as a subspecies." 22715834,Pellorneum malaccense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PELLORNEIDAE,Pellorneum,malaccense,,,,,"(Hartlaub, 1844)","

Previously placed in Trichastoma (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) and beforehand in Malacocincla but moved to this genus following Cai et al. (2019). See remarks under P. cinereiceps.
Populations in parts of Borneo have been regarded as subspecifically distinct, but variation slight and probably clinal; proposed subspecies sordida (NE Borneo) and saturata (Bangka, Belitung, and W Borneo) both considered synonymous with poliogene, but at least first-named is genetically very distinct (Lim and Sheldon 2011) and multiple cryptic species potentially involved (Sadanandan and Rheindt 2015). Proposed subspecies feriata (from Mt Mulu, in NW Borneo), based on single specimen, has characters apparently exhibited by juveniles of this species. Two subspecies recognized.

" 22694852,Alca torda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,ALCIDAE,Alca,torda,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 45354964,Falco peregrinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,peregrinus,,,,,"Tunstall, 1771","Falco peregrinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously split as F. peregrinus and F. pelegrinoides following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22696500,Falco rusticolus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,rusticolus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 200290450,Glaucidium sylvaticum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,sylvaticum,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)","Previously included within G. brodiei but split (with borneense as a subspecies) following Gwee et al. (2019) who showed that the songs of sylvaticum in Sumatra and borneense in Borneo are very different from G. brodiei of mainland Asia (Himalayas to eastern China and south to Peninsular Malaysia) and pardalotum in Taiwan. From the limited specimen material available to the authors a single morphological character was identified to back up this strong vocal difference, with the neck-collar of Bornean and Sumatran taxa being white rather than rufous as in the continental and Taiwan taxa (photographs in the paper also suggest that Sumatran and Bornean taxa are much less obviously patterned on their upperparts). Two subspecies recognised." 22696460,Falco subbuteo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,subbuteo,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22696362,Falco tinnunculus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,tinnunculus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 200290653,Glaucidium brodiei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,brodiei,,,,,"(Burton, 1836)","Glaucidium brodiei (del Hoyo & Collar 2014) previously included as subspecies sylvaticum and borneense, now split as Sunda Owlet (which see). Sometimes considered part of a species-group centred on G. passerinum (which see). Pale island form pardalotum distinctive. Proposed subspecies garoense (from W Meghalaya, in NE India) included in nominate. Name peritum is a synonym of sylvaticum. Two subspecies recognized." 22734721,Cuculus optatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Cuculus,optatus,,,,,"Gould, 1845","Previously treated as a subspecies of Cuculus saturatus (del Hoyo & Collar 2014), C. optatus is split once more following Xia et al. (2016) who showed that these are two vocally distinct taxa after a previous paper had suggested they were undifferentiated in voice. Score 4 for the difference (3‒4 notes vs 2 = a 50‒100% increase) in voice, plus 2 for difference in size (optatus male wing mean 218.4, saturatus 183.4: Erritzøe et al. 2012: 469‒470), 1 for slightly broader black barring on chest to belly which extends to vent. Name horsfieldi used for Palearctic populations, but this has been shown to be inappropriate and name optatus reinstated (Payne 2005). This taxonomic concept was previously recognised between 2006 and 2014 following Payne (2005). Prior to that treatment, C. lepidus (Payne 2005, del Hoyo & Collar 2014), C. saturatus and C. optatus had been included within C. saturatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993). Monotypic.

" 22696092,Hieraaetus pennatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Hieraaetus,pennatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 22696072,Hieraaetus wahlbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Hieraaetus,wahlbergi,,,,,"(Sundevall, 1851)",Hieraaetus wahlbergi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Aquila. 22688631,Otus brucei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,brucei,,,,,"(Hume, 1873)", 167216,Zyxomma petiolatum,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Zyxomma,petiolatum,,,,,"Rambur, 1842", 22728969,Otus sunia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,sunia,,,,,"(Hodgson, 1836)", 22689189,Surnia ulula,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Surnia,ulula,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 155019854,Otus scops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Otus,scops,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)",Otus scops has been split into Eurasian Scops-owl O. scops and Cyprus Scops-owl O. cyprius on the basis on significant vocal differences and minor plumage characteristics following a detailed review by Flint et al. 2015). 11503,Leontopithecus caissara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Leontopithecus,caissara,,,,,"Lorini & Persson, 1990","Four species of Lion Tamarins are recognized. Coimbra-Filho (1990) suggested that Leontopithecus caissara was a subspecies, or colour variant of L. chrysopygus. Burity et al. (1999) and Perez-Sweeney et al. (2008) concluded that this was not so, and that L. caissara is a valid species. Perez-Sweeney et al. (2008) concluded that there are three unambiguous clades revealed by phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA control region sequences: Leontopithecus chysomelas, L. caissara and L. chrysopygus/L. rosalia. According to these authors, L. chysomelas occupies a basal phylogenetic position. Here we follow the taxonomy proposed by Rylands (2012)." 39812,Presbytis bicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,bicolor,,,,,"Aimi & Bakar, 1992",This species is possibly referable to Presbytis femoralis. 39914,Mico marcai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,marcai,,,,,"(Alperin, 1993)","

Formerly in the genus Callithrix (see Rylands et al. 2000, 2008). Groves (2001, 2005) lists this species as Callithrix (Mico) marcai. The species was described only from three specimens in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, and was not recorded in the wild until 2012. Until then it was only known from the type locality, “Foz do Rio Castanho (= Rio Roosevelt), left influx into Rio Aripuanã, Amazonas State, Brasil” (Alperin 1993, 2002). Silva et al. 2014 reported the rediscovery of the species in the confluence of Roosevelt and Aripuanã Rivers. Garbino (2014) described the resemblance of the pelage pattern between M. manicorensis and M. marcai and proposed M. manicorensis as a junior synonymous of M. marcai. Silva et al. (in prep.) are reassessing the taxonomic status of the marmosets from Aripuanã and Madeira/Ji-paraná interfluve based on molecular and morphological analysis.

" 41557,Plecturocebus cinerascens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,cinerascens,,,,,"(Spix, 1823)","First described by Spix (1823) from a specimen assumed to have been collected along the Rio Iça in Brazil, near the border with Peru (Noronha et al. 2007). All subsequent records were for the right bank of the Rio Madeira (Rylands 1982, Hershkovitz 1990, van Roosmalen et al. 2002).  van Roosmalen et al. (2002) suggested therefore that the type locality must have been incorrect. The species was included until recently in the group moloch, one of the five species group of the genus Callicebus sensu Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002). However, in a recent taxonomic review, Hazel et al. (2016) include the donacophilus and moloch species groups (which includes cinerascens) as members of the new described Plecturocebus genus. Byrne et al. (2016) split the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (torquatus-group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (cupreus-, moloch-, donacophilus-groups sensu Roosmalen et al. (2002) and Callicebus (personatus-group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Plecturocebus includes 22 species." 70606542,Pithecia hirsuta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Pithecia,hirsuta,,,,,"Spix, 1823",All Pithecia taxonomy follows Marsh (2014). 127530569,Plecturocebus miltoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,miltoni,,,,,"(Dalponte, Silva & Silva Júnior, 2014)","Dalponte et al. (2014) described the species based on a morphological data set and compared it with the Callicebus moloch species group (sensu Groves 2005), especially with the geographically neighbouring forms, C. bernhardi and C. cinerascens. These exclusive morphological characters distinguish the new species from all other Amazonian titi monkeys. In a recent taxonomic review, Byrne et al. (2016) include the donacophilus and moloch species groups (which includes P. miltoni) into the newly described named Plecturocebus." 8788,Galago moholi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,GALAGIDAE,Galago,moholi,,,,,"A. Smith, 1836","The taxonomy of this species is disputed. Groves (2001) does not recognize any subspecies for G. moholi, whereas Meester et al. (1986), Grubb et al. (2003) and Pullen and Bearder (2013) recognized two subspecies; G. m. moholi and G. m. bradfieldi." 62030608,Larus argentatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,argentatus,,,,,"Pontoppidan, 1763","Larus argentatus and L. smithsonianus (the latter including vegae and mongolicus) (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. argentatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 181568721,Milvus migrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Milvus,migrans,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Black Kite Milvus migrans (del Hoyo et al. 2014) has been split into M. migrans and Yellow-billed Kite M. aegyptius (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020). 

Yellow-billed Kite Milvus aegyptius (with subspecies parasitus) differs from M. migrans by its
• Yellow vs black bill (3);
• Dark vs pale iris in adult state (2);
• Head and nape concolorous with upper body vs pale grey streaked black, contrasting with dark brown mantle (2);
• Finer black streaking below (ns[2])
• Wing (from BWP2) male 423 (7.6; n9) vs 447 (10.5; n15), effect size 2.62 (2).

Some Arabian birds (treated as arabicus in some places but synonymised with aegyptius in the Checklist) show some features of migrans (Forsman 2016)." 22694938,Pandion haliaetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,PANDIONIDAE,Pandion,haliaetus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 61695117,Buteo buteo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,buteo,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Buteo buteo, B. japonicus and B. refectus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. buteo following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 161481,Schroederobatis americana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RAJIFORMES,ANACANTHOBATIDAE,Schroederobatis,americana,,,,,"(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)", 60109,Urobatis jamaicensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,UROTRYGONIDAE,Urobatis,jamaicensis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1816)", 41747,Centroscymnus coelolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SOMNIOSIDAE,Centroscymnus,coelolepis,,,,,"Barbosa du Bocage & de Brito Capello, 1864", 152781911,Squalus clarkae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,SQUALIFORMES,SQUALIDAE,Squalus,clarkae,,,,,"Pfleger, Grubbs, Cotton & Daly-Engel, 2018","

Prior to 2018, the literature referred to this species as Squalus mitsukurii or S. cf. mitsukurii. Further, this species is sometimes confused with Squalus cubensis and may be confused with recently described or undescribed species in the South Atlantic (C.F. Cotton unpubl. data 2020). Prior western Atlantic records of Squalus blainville may refer to this species (Kiraly et al. 2003, Pfleger et al. 2018), however eastern records of S. blainville represent a different species (Pfleger et al. 2018). Old records of S. acanthias in the Gulf of Mexico (and its junior synonyms S. fernandinus and S. barbouri) likely refer to this species (C.F. Cotton unpubl. data 2020). 

" 22735392,Buteo trizonatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Buteo,trizonatus,,,,,"(Rudebeck, 1957)","

Buteo oreophilus and B. trizonatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as B. oreophilus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22695137,Haliaeetus albicilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,albicilla,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 6027,Cyclura collei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,IGUANIDAE,Cyclura,collei,,,,,"Gray, 1845", 22694989,Pernis apivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Pernis,apivorus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 152784569,Gymnura lessae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,GYMNURIDAE,Gymnura,lessae,,,,,"Yokota & Carvalho, 2017",This species has been split from Gymnura micrura and is morphologically similar but can be distinguished on the basis of internal diagnostic characters such as the contour of the hyomandibula (Yokota and de Carvalho 2017). 118093652,Pteropus pelewensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,pelewensis,,,,,"K. Andersen, 1908","Andersen (1908, 1912) originally described Pteropus pelewensis of Palau and Pteropus yapensis of Yap as distinct species. They were subsumed as subspecies of P. mariannus by Kuroda (1938) and treated as such for a number of decades (e.g., Mickleburgh et al. 1992, Koopman 1993, Wiles 2005). Flannery (1995) was among the first to reclassify both as separate species, but did so without providing supporting evidence. This treatment was provisionally followed by Simmons (2005). Recent genetic analyses have confirmed P. pelewensis and P. yapensis as distinct from P. mariannus (Brown et al. 2011, Almeida et al. 2014), with Almeida et al. (2014) regarding P. pelewensis and P. yapensis as conspecific under the name P. pelewensis and recognizing the two taxa as different subspecies: P. p. pelewensis and P. p. yapensis.

Additionally, Almeida et al. (2014) combined a formerly recognized subspecies, P. mariannus ulthiensis from Ulithi Atoll 160 km east of Yap, with P. p. yapensis based presumably on the physical similarity of the two taxa, but did not offer rationale for this determination." 11620,Lepilemur mustelinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,mustelinus,,,,,"I. Geoffroy, 1851", 60170,Glaucostegus obtusus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,GLAUCOSTEGIDAE,Glaucostegus,obtusus,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Recent changes to the systematics of Rhinobatos have elevated the subgenus Glaucostegus to full generic status and placed this genus into a family of its own: Glaucostegidae (Compagno 2005, Last et al. 2016a). Reports of G. obtusus from South Africa are considered invalid and based on other species (Compagno and Last 1999)." 196773,Peromona erinacea,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,OPILIONES,PODOCTIDAE,Peromona,erinacea,,,,,"Roewer, 1949", 201462,Dicrogonatus gardineri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,HOLOTHYROIDAE,HOLOTHYRIDAE,Dicrogonatus,gardineri,,,,,"(Warburton, 1912)", 11577,Lepidomeda altivelis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Lepidomeda,altivelis,,,,,"Miller & Hubbs, 1960", 9183,Gila crassicauda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,LEUCISCIDAE,Gila,crassicauda,,,,,"(Baird & Girard, 1854)", 8706,Fundulus albolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINODONTIFORMES,FUNDULIDAE,Fundulus,albolineatus,,,,,"Gilbert, 1891", 11388,Leiocephalus eremitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Leiocephalus,eremitus,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)",Was under Iguanidae. 22735904,Cyornis magnirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,magnirostris,,,,,"Blyth, 1849", 22727411,Lophura erythrophthalma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,erythrophthalma,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)","

Lophura erythrophthalma and L. pyronota (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. erythrophthalma following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 123423283,Sympterichthys unipennis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,LOPHIIFORMES,BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE,Sympterichthys,unipennis,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1817)","The type specimen, lodged in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, has been examined by one of the assessors (P. Last) and is readily distinguished from the single congener (Sympterichthys moultoni) by absence of dermal spinules on illicium, meristic counts, and elongated second spine of dorsal fin; and from all other known handfish species by the combination of skin surface with covering of spiny scales, thin illicium of medium length, relatively deep body, 9 pectoral-fin rays, 9 anal-fin rays, and 22 vertebrae (Last and Gledhill 2009). Although the holotype was somewhat damaged and the number of specimens limited for both species within this genus, there is no taxonomic uncertainty. In addition to distinct morphometric and meristic differences, distributional disjunction frequently occurs within this group in particular (P. Last pers. comm. 2019)." 22728610,Ninox ios,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,ios,,,,,"Rasmussen, 1999", 60175,Glaucostegus thouin,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,RHINOPRISTIFORMES,GLAUCOSTEGIDAE,Glaucostegus,thouin,,,,,"(Anonymous [Lacepède], 1798)","Recent changes to the systematics of Rhinobatos have elevated the subgenus Glaucostegus to full generic status and placed this genus into a family of its own: Glaucostegidae (Compagno 2005, Last et al. 2016a)." 22684132,Carpococcyx radiceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Carpococcyx,radiceus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1832)",Carpococcyx radiceus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously listed as C. radiatus.

22695591,Accipiter nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,nanus,,,,,"(Blasius, 1897)", 41821,Hemitriakis abdita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,TRIAKIDAE,Hemitriakis,abdita,,,,,"Compagno & Stevens, 1993", 39327,Pristiophorus cirratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,PRISTIOPHORIFORMES,PRISTIOPHORIDAE,Pristiophorus,cirratus,,,,,"(Latham, 1794)", 22705035,Lanius validirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,validirostris,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1894", 22688976,Bubo sumatranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Bubo,sumatranus,,,,,"(Raffles, 1822)", 14176,Myotis lucifugus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,lucifugus,,,,,"(Le Conte, 1831)",Myotis lucifugus does not include occultus. This species hybridizes with M. yumanensis in some areas; see Parkinson (1979). Apparently it is closely related to M. thysanodes. 22695306,Spilornis kinabaluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Spilornis,kinabaluensis,,,,,"Sclater, 1919", 22679961,Cyanochen cyanoptera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Cyanochen,cyanoptera,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1845)", 62184893,Aegolius gradyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Aegolius,gradyi,,,,,"Olson, 2012",Aegolius gradyi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly described from fossil remains by Olson (2012). 62183030,Bermuteo avivorus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Bermuteo,avivorus,,,,,"Olson, 2008",Bermuteo avivorus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was newly described from fossil deposits by Olson (2008). 62322970,Colaptes oceanicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Colaptes,oceanicus,,,,,"Olson, 2013",Colaptes oceanicus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was recently described from subfossil material by Olson (2013). 22728892,Caracara lutosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Caracara,lutosa,,,,,"Ridgway, 1876", 22728662,Anas theodori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Anas,theodori,,,,,"Newton & Gadow, 1893", 103772527,Pipilo naufragus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Pipilo,naufragus,,,,,"Olson, 2012",

Pipilo naufragus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was newly described from subfossil records by Olson (2012).

103866018,Phylloscopus misoriensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,misoriensis,,,,,"Meise, 1931","

Phylloscopus poliocephalus and P. makirensis (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped and subsequently split into P. poliocephalus, P. misoriensis and P. maforensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

 

" 22724314,Quiscalus palustris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ICTERIDAE,Quiscalus,palustris,,,,,"(Swainson, 1827)", 22679430,Afropavo congensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Afropavo,congensis,,,,,"Chapin, 1936", 22690302,Patagioenas oenops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Patagioenas,oenops,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)", 22732795,Struthio molybdophanes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,STRUTHIONIDAE,Struthio,molybdophanes,,,,,"Reichenow, 1883","Struthio camelus and S. molybdophanes (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as S. camelus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22678901,Xenoperdix udzungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Xenoperdix,udzungwensis,,,,,"Dinesen, Lehmberg, Svendsen & Fjeldså, 1994", 22696476,Falco novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"Gmelin, 1788", 22678891,Pternistis camerunensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,camerunensis,,,,,"(Alexander, 1909)",Pternistis camerunensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 103866023,Phylloscopus maforensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,maforensis,,,,,"Meyer, 1874","

Phylloscopus poliocephalus and P. makirensis (Sibley & Monroe [1990, 1993]) have been lumped and subsequently split into P. poliocephalus, P. misoriensis and P. maforensis following del Hoyo and Collar (2016).

 

" 22691236,Treron pembaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Treron,pembaensis,,,,,"Pakenham, 1940", 22727057,Caloramphus hayii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,MEGALAIMIDAE,Caloramphus,hayii,,,,,"(J. E. Gray, 1831)","

Caloramphus fuliginosus and C. hayii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as Calorhamphus fuliginosus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 215823373,Balaenoptera ricei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BALAENOPTERIDAE,Balaenoptera,ricei,,,,,"Rosel, Wilcox, Yamada & Mullin, 2021","Rice’s Whale (Balaenoptera ricei) is a distinct evolutionary lineage closely related to Eden’s Whale (Balaenoptera edeni edeni), Bryde’s Whale (B. e. brydei) and Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) (Rosel et al. 2021). Previously considered an undescribed subspecies of Balaenoptera edeni and referred to as the Gulf of Mexico Whale or the Gulf of Mexico Bryde’s Whale, a recent morphological study of Rice’s Whale has revealed diagnostic differences in the shape and size of bones in the skull in comparison to the two subspecies of B. edeni. This morphological evidence reinforced earlier findings of significant genetic divergence and fixed DNA differences found in several mitochondrial DNA genes; together, these data supported the description of the new species B. ricei. With elevation of Rice’s Whale to species status, there is still uncertainty as to whether Eden’s Whale and Bryde’s Whale, each of which is clearly distinct, represent subspecies of B. edeni or full species." 22725512,Ninox leventisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,leventisi,,,,,"Rasmussen et al., 2012","

Ninox philippensis, N. spilocephala, N. leventisi, N. reyi, N. rumseyi, N. spilonotus and N. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22704502,Dasyornis longirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DASYORNITHIDAE,Dasyornis,longirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22688327,Tauraco fischeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,MUSOPHAGIFORMES,MUSOPHAGIDAE,Tauraco,fischeri,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1878)", 22689310,Glaucidium albertinum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Glaucidium,albertinum,,,,,"Prigogine, 1983", 22679560,Guttera plumifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Guttera,plumifera,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)", 22678887,Pternistis jacksoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Pternistis,jacksoni,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)",Pternistis jacksoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Francolinus. 22725505,Ninox rumseyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Ninox,rumseyi,,,,,"Rasmussen et al., 2012","

Ninox philippensis, N. spilocephala, N. leventisi, N. reyi, N. rumseyi, N. spilonotus and N. mindorensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as N. philippensis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22685891,Enicognathus leptorhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Enicognathus,leptorhynchus,,,,,"(King, 1831)", 45427286,Myiopsitta luchsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Myiopsitta,luchsi,,,,,"(Finsch, 1868)","Myiopsitta monachus and M. luchsi (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as M. monachus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22678172,Crypturellus ptaritepui,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRUTHIONIFORMES,TINAMIDAE,Crypturellus,ptaritepui,,,,,"Zimmer & Phelps, 1945", 22695532,Accipiter melanochlamys,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,melanochlamys,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1875)", 22695535,Accipiter albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,albogularis,,,,,"Gray, 1870", 22704831,Petroica traversi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,traversi,,,,,"(Buller, 1872)", 22687703,Phlogophilus hemileucurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phlogophilus,hemileucurus,,,,,"Gould, 1860", 22722430,Habia atrimaxillaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CARDINALIDAE,Habia,atrimaxillaris,,,,,"(Dwight & Griscom, 1924)", 22695014,Hamirostra melanosternon,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Hamirostra,melanosternon,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 103889265,Thryophilus sernai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Thryophilus,sernai,,,,,"Lara, Cuervo, Valderrama, Calderón-Franco & Cadena, 2012",

Thryophilus sernai (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) is recognized as a species following work by Lara et al. (2012).

22727557,Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Hemiphaga,novaeseelandiae,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)","Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae and H. chathamensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as H. novaeseelandiae following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22689100,Strix hylophila,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,STRIGIFORMES,STRIGIDAE,Strix,hylophila,,,,,"Temminck, 1825", 22705315,Hylophilus olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VIREONIDAE,Hylophilus,olivaceus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1844", 22722159,Nesospingus speculiferus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NESOSPINGIDAE,Nesospingus,speculiferus,,,,,"(Lawrence, 1875)", 22693078,Gallinago hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,SCOLOPACIDAE,Gallinago,hardwickii,,,,,"(Gray, 1831)", 105294263,Pheugopedius columbianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Pheugopedius,columbianus,,,,,"(Chapman, 1924)","

Pheugopedius sclateri, P. columbianus and P. paucimaculatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Thryothorus sclateri following SACC (2005).

 

" 22682206,Galbula pastazae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,GALBULIDAE,Galbula,pastazae,,,,,"Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885", 22685710,Aratinga auricapillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aratinga,auricapillus,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22692227,Sarothrura lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Sarothrura,lugens,,,,,"(Böhm, 1884)", 22685812,Pyrrhura perlata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,perlata,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22683465,Todiramphus ruficollaris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Todiramphus,ruficollaris,,,,,"(Holyoak, 1974)", 22685790,Pyrrhura devillei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,devillei,,,,,"(Massena & Souancé, 1854)", 22686311,Alipiopsitta xanthops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Alipiopsitta,xanthops,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 103819606,Phyllastrephus viridiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,viridiceps,,,,,"Rand, 1955","

Phyllastrephus albigularis and P. viridiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. albigularis following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 4312,Chaerephon jobensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,jobensis,,,,,"(Miller, 1902)","Species boundaries between the Australian and New Guinea/Seram populations need to be assessed. Populations in Australasia are referred to Chaerephon jobensis colonicus, while those in Indonesia are referred to the nominate subspecies. Species of Chaerephon on Vanuatu and Fiji (C. bregullae) and in the Solomon Islands (C. solomonis) were previously considered subspecies of C. jobensis (Simmons 2005)." 7672,Emballonura beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,beccarii,,,,,"Peters & Doria, 1881","Part of the alecto species group, with three subspecies recognised currently (Simmons 2005): beccarii (type locality Yapen Island, Papua Province, Indonesia) on various islands around northern New Guinea; clavium Thomas, 1815 from the Kai Islands; and meeki Thomas 1896 on the New Guinea mainland." 7673,Emballonura dianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,dianae,,,,,"Hill, 1956","Part of the raffrayana species group, and includes two recognised subspecies (Simmons 2005): fruhstorferi Flannery, 1994 in southern Papua New Guinea, and rickwoodi Flannery, 1994 on New Ireland and New Britain (Bonaccorso 1998). Populations across the Solomon Islands might also represent an additional taxonomic group." 7668,Emballonura raffrayana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,raffrayana,,,,,"Dobson, 1879","The species is part of the raffrayana species group, and includes three recognised subspecies (Simmons 2005): raffrayana (type locality Numfor Island in Papua Province, Indonesia) in the Moluccas; cor Thomas, 1915 on New Ireland, some nearby islands and Bougainville Island; and stresemanni Thomas, 1914 through the central part of the New Guinea mainland (Bonaccorso 1998). There may be additional distinct taxonomic groups in the Moluccas, Solomons, and Vanuatu." 41528,Emballonura serii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,serii,,,,,"Flannery, 1994","The distribution of Emballonura serii comprises five widely separated islands, with unknown taxonomic relationships. It was split from Emballonura furax (Flannery 1994)." 13904,Mosia nigrescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Mosia,nigrescens,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)","Formerly included in the genus Emballonura. Mosia nigrescens Contains three subspecies: M. n. nigrogriseus (type locality Amboina Island, Moluccas, Indonesia); M. n. papuanus on mainland New Guinea; and M. n. solomonis on Manus Island, the Bismarck islands, Bougainville and the Solomon Islands (Simmons 2005)." 15649,Otomops papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,papuensis,,,,,"Lawrence, 1948", 15650,Otomops secundus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Otomops,secundus,,,,,"Hayman, 1952", 21457,Taphozous hilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,hilli,,,,,"Kitchener, 1980", 16887,Pharotis imogene,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pharotis,imogene,,,,,"Thomas, 1914", 15004,Nyctophilus gouldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,gouldi,,,,,"Tomes, 1858","There are two disjunct populations of Nyctophilus gouldi in Australia (eastern Australia and far south-west Western Australia), separated by over 2,000 km. The taxonomic distinctiveness of these two populations is being investigated." 13562,Miniopterus australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,australis,,,,,"Tommes, 1858","Members of the Old World genus Miniopterus are among the most abundant bats in many parts of the Old World but they are extremely conservative in body form and ecology. Many species have been thought to have large geographic ranges, sometimes spanning multiple biogeographic regions of the world, but a different pattern has emerged from recent molecular studies that suggest higher species richness and patterns of regional endemicity (Appleton et al. 2004, Tian et al. 2004).
There have been few other efforts to apply modern taxonomic methods using genetic markers to Miniopterus across South East Asia, Australasia and Melanesia, and consequently field identifications and museum labels for the entire regional group remain questionable. A genome-scale molecular systematic examination underway of the entire genus in this region has indicated that the current taxonomic arrangement of this regional assemblage is a poor approximation of the true diversity and phylogenetic structure of the group (S. Wiantoro and K.N. Armstrong in prep.). This study is providing: 1) an overall phylogenetic perspective of the major lineages of Indo-Australasian Miniopterus and a genetic framework for reassessing the species and their geographic boundaries, 2) resolution of most issues of nomenclature given the available species-level and subspecific names, and 3) development of reliable diagnostic tools to facilitate accurate species determinations in the future and to retrospectively identify specimens in museum collections. Until the various components of the work are published, the assessment of the conservation status of all South East Asian, Australasian and Melanesian Miniopterus should be regarded as highly preliminary.
In the case of Miniopterus australis, the type locality is the ‘Loyalty Islands’ (= New Caledonia and adjacent smaller islands) but this name is applied widely to populations of small-sized Miniopterus spread across island South East Asia, Australasia and Melanesia. Available molecular data suggest that several populations referred to ‘australis’ from across its range are each well-differentiated and likely to represent distinct species (Appleton et al. 2004, S. Wiantoro and K.N. Armstrong in prep.). Until the necessary taxonomic work has been completed, the entire group is assessed as one entity under the name Miniopterus australis." 136579,Miniopterus macrocneme,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,macrocneme,,,,,"Revilliod, 1914","Members of the Old World genus Miniopterus are among the most abundant bats in many parts of the Old World but they are extremely conservative in body form and ecology. Many species have been thought to have large geographic ranges, sometimes spanning multiple biogeographic regions of the world, but a different pattern has emerged from recent molecular studies that suggest higher species richness and patterns of regional endemicity (Appleton et al. 2004, Tian et al. 2004).

There have been few other efforts to apply modern taxonomic methods using genetic markers to Miniopterus across South East Asia, Australasia and Melanesia, and consequently field identifications and museum labels for the entire regional group remain questionable. A genome-scale molecular systematic examination underway of the entire genus in this region has indicated that the current taxonomic arrangement of this regional assemblage is a poor approximation of the true diversity and phylogenetic structure of the group (S. Wiantoro and K.N. Armstrong in prep.). This study is providing: 1) an overall phylogenetic perspective of the major lineages of Indo-Australasian Miniopterus and a genetic framework for reassessing the species and their geographic boundaries, 2) resolution of most issues of nomenclature given the available species-level and subspecific names, and 3) development of reliable diagnostic tools to facilitate accurate species determinations in the future and to retrospectively identify specimens in museum collections. Until the various components of the work are published, the assessment of the conservation status of all South East Asian, Australasian and Melanesian Miniopterus should be regarded as highly preliminary.

Miniopterus macrocneme is a relatively small species, but is apparently slightly larger with longer tibia (>17.0 mm) than Miniopterus australis (Bonaccorso 1998). However, as with most Indo-Australasian Miniopterus, the morphological variation used to delineate species has not be assessed in the context of patterns from genetic markers that give a better understanding of species boundaries. There are additional issues with its diagnosis from other similar-sized taxa in the region. For example, Hill (1983) suggested that all Papua New Guinea records of M. medius should be considered as the subspecies M. (pusillus) macrocneme. Until the necessary taxonomic work has been completed, it is assumed here that Miniopterus macrocneme extends over much of the island of New Guinea and across Melanesia." 13566,Miniopterus magnater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,magnater,,,,,"Sanborn, 1931","Members of the Old World genus Miniopterus are among the most abundant bats in many parts of the Old World but they are extremely conservative in body form and ecology. Many species have been thought to have large geographic ranges, sometimes spanning multiple biogeographic regions of the world, but a different pattern has emerged from recent molecular studies that suggest higher species richness and patterns of regional endemicity (Appleton et al. 2004, Tian et al. 2004).
There have been few other efforts to apply modern taxonomic methods using genetic markers to Miniopterus across South East Asia, Australasia and Melanesia, and consequently field identifications and museum labels for the entire regional group remain questionable. A genome-scale molecular systematic examination underway of the entire genus in this region has indicated that the current taxonomic arrangement of this regional assemblage is a poor approximation of the true diversity and phylogenetic structure of the group (S. Wiantoro and K.N. Armstrong in prep.). This study is providing: 1) an overall phylogenetic perspective of the major lineages of Indo-Australasian Miniopterus and a genetic framework for reassessing the species and their geographic boundaries, 2) resolution of most issues of nomenclature given the available species-level and subspecific names, and 3) development of reliable diagnostic tools to facilitate accurate species determinations in the future and to retrospectively identify specimens in museum collections. Until the various components of the work are published, the assessment of the conservation status of all South East Asian, Australasian and Melanesian Miniopterus should be regarded as highly preliminary.
Miniopterus magnater is a medium-sized species in the genus, and is easy to confuse with M. oceanensis (previously referred to as M. schreibersii in the Indo-Australasian region). Confusing identifications even further is the identity and affiliation of forms on different islands, such as bismarckensis (Hill 1983), which may instead be more closely related to M. tristis (Simmons 2005). Until the necessary taxonomic work has been completed, it is assumed here that M. magnater is spread from mainland South East Asia, through Borneo and parts of Indonesia to the island of New Guinea." 13567,Miniopterus medius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,medius,,,,,"Thomas & Wroughton, 1909","Members of the Old World genus Miniopterus are among the most abundant bats in many parts of the Old World but they are extremely conservative in body form and ecology. Many species have been thought to have large geographic ranges, sometimes spanning multiple biogeographic regions of the world, but a different pattern has emerged from recent molecular studies that suggest higher species richness and patterns of regional endemicity (Appleton et al. 2004, Tian et al. 2004).
There have been few other efforts to apply modern taxonomic methods using genetic markers to Miniopterus across South East Asia, Australasia and Melanesia, and consequently field identifications and museum labels for the entire regional group remain questionable. A genome-scale molecular systematic examination underway of the entire genus in this region has indicated that the current taxonomic arrangement of this regional assemblage is a poor approximation of the true diversity and phylogenetic structure of the group (S. Wiantoro and K.N. Armstrong in prep.). This study is providing: 1) an overall phylogenetic perspective of the major lineages of Indo-Australasian Miniopterus and a genetic framework for reassessing the species and their geographic boundaries, 2) resolution of most issues of nomenclature given the available species-level and subspecific names, and 3) development of reliable diagnostic tools to facilitate accurate species determinations in the future and to retrospectively identify specimens in museum collections. Until the various components of the work are published, the assessment of the conservation status of all South East Asian, Australasian and Melanesian Miniopterus should be regarded as highly preliminary.
Miniopterus medius is a medium-sized species in the genus, and is easy to confuse with other Miniopterus of similar size. Museum specimens labelled as being one of the medium-sized taxa, including M. medius, have a good chance of being misidentified. Simmons (2005) noted that this species may be conspecific with M. fuscus. Until the necessary taxonomic work has been completed, it is assumed here that M. medius is spread from Peninsula Malaysia, through Borneo and Java to Papua New Guinea and the Bismarck Islands." 13571,Miniopterus tristis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,tristis,,,,,"Waterhouse, 1845","Members of the Old World genus Miniopterus are among the most abundant bats in many parts of the Old World but they are extremely conservative in body form and ecology. Many species have been thought to have large geographic ranges, sometimes spanning multiple biogeographic regions of the world, but a different pattern has emerged from recent molecular studies that suggest higher species richness and patterns of regional endemicity (Appleton et al. 2004, Tian et al. 2004).
There have been few other efforts to apply modern taxonomic methods using genetic markers to Miniopterus across South East Asia, Australasia and Melanesia, and consequently field identifications and museum labels for the entire regional group remain questionable. A genome-scale molecular systematic examination underway of the entire genus in this region has indicated that the current taxonomic arrangement of this regional assemblage is a poor approximation of the true diversity and phylogenetic structure of the group (S. Wiantoro and K.N. Armstrong in prep.). This study is providing: 1) an overall phylogenetic perspective of the major lineages of Indo-Australasian Miniopterus and a genetic framework for reassessing the species and their geographic boundaries, 2) resolution of most issues of nomenclature given the available species-level and subspecific names, and 3) development of reliable diagnostic tools to facilitate accurate species determinations in the future and to retrospectively identify specimens in museum collections. Until the various components of the work are published, the assessment of the conservation status of all South East Asian, Australasian and Melanesian Miniopterus should be regarded as highly preliminary.
Miniopterus tristis is widely recognised to be a species complex, which includes the synonyms celebensis, grandis, insularis, and propitristis, but there is uncertainty around the limits of the species, and also the affiliations of some forms (Simmons 2005). Until the necessary taxonomic work has been completed, the entire group is assessed as one entity under the name Miniopterus tristis." 12590,Macroderma gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MEGADERMATIDAE,Macroderma,gigas,,,,,"(Dobson, 1880)", 4419,Chalinolobus morio,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Chalinolobus,morio,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 14942,Scotorepens balstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotorepens,balstoni,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)",Scotorepens balstoni might represent a species complex; a comprehensive review of its taxonomy is needed (Parnaby 2008). 14945,Scotorepens orion,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotorepens,orion,,,,,"(Troughton, 1937)", 14943,Scotorepens greyii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Scotorepens,greyii,,,,,"(Gray, 1843)", 7913,Vespadelus baverstocki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,baverstocki,,,,,"(Kitchener, Jones & Caputi, 1987)", 7920,Vespadelus darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Allen, 1933)", 22713989,Zosterops griseovirescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,griseovirescens,,,,,"Barboza du Bocage, 1893", 7939,Vespadelus regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,regulus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1906)", 7945,Vespadelus vulturnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,vulturnus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1914)", 15003,Nyctophilus geoffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,geoffroyi,,,,,"Leach, 1821", 82345325,Ozimops loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,loriae,,,,,"(Thomas, 1897)","The taxonomic revision of Reardon et al. (2014) clarified species boundaries within Australasian ‘Mormopterus’. The species loriae is now confined to Papua New Guinea and the two former subspecies of M. loriae, namely ridei and cobourgiana, were elevated to species level and confined to Australia. Mormopterus loriae was included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon et al. 2014), and Ozimops was subsequently elevated to the level of genus by Jackson and Groves (2015)." 71532803,Ozimops halli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,halli,,,,,"(Reardon, McKenzie & Adams, 2014)","This species has been recognised as a distinct taxon (as an undescribed species, subspecies or population) since the allozyme study of Adams et al. (1988), and generally referred to as Mormopterus species 5 populations S and T following the informal name used in that paper. For a period, this taxon was included in Mormopterus loriae ridei (Felten 1964) (see Richards (2008). The revision by Reardon et al. (2014) recognised this taxon formally as a distinct species and applied the name M. halli. This revision also recognised M. ridei as a species, distantly related to both M. loriae (Thomas, 1897) and M. halli. Mormopterus halli is included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon, McKenzie and Adams 2014), which has been used at the level of genus (Jackson and Groves 2015)." 22714185,Zosterops luteirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,luteirostris,,,,,"Hartert, 1904", 71532724,Ozimops kitcheneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,kitcheneri,,,,,"(McKenzie, Reardon & Adams, 2014)","Mormopterus kitcheneri is newly described species arising from a taxonomic revision of the former Mormopterus planiceps complex in Australia (Reardon et al. 2014). Mormopterus kitcheneri is included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon, McKenzie and Adams 2014), which has been used at the level of genus (Jackson and Groves 2015)." 71531227,Ozimops lumsdenae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,lumsdenae,,,,,"(Reardon, McKenzie & Adams, 2014)","

The taxonomy of the genus Mormopterus in Australia has been revised recently (Reardon et al. 2014), resulting in the description of a new species M. lumsdenae for Australian representatives allocated previously to M. beccarii. True Mormopterus beccarii is confined to Papua and Indonesia. Mormopterus lumsdenae is included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon, McKenzie and Adams 2014), which has been used at the level of genus (Jackson and Groves 2015).

" 19800,Saccolaimus mixtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccolaimus,mixtus,,,,,"Troughton, 1925", 14962,Nyctimene albiventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Nyctimene,albiventer,,,,,"(Gray, 1863)","Many different morphologically distinct forms of tube-nosed fruit bat have been grouped under this name, sharing in common little more than their relatively small size. In reality, the name albiventer currently subsumes members of at least two quite different species complexes that are not particularly closely related to each other. The typical form N. a. albiventer was described from the Moluccas and appears to be endemic to that region. Multiple distinct taxa are present on the main island of New Guinea, often with two or more distinct forms occurring in sympatry. Populations on surrounding island groups including the Aru, Rajah Ampat, Admiralty, St Matthias and Solomon Islands, the Kei Group, the Bismarck Archipelago, all require clarification of their taxonomic status. There are several available names including papuanus and bougainville, but some forms appear to be unnamed. Another member of this group is draconilla, which has been recognised as distinct from ‘albiventer’ on the main island of New Guinea but without any clarity about its diagnostic morphological characters or distribution. Simmons (2005) considers the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands to support populations of a separate species, N. vizcaccia, but note that an additional form of ‘albiventer’ is also present on the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago." 21185,Syconycteris australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Syconycteris,australis,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","Ongoing genetic and morphological studies reveal that Syconycteris australis contains more than one full species, with both allopatric and sympatric taxa (K.N. Armstrong, K.P. Aplin and K.M. Helgen unpublished data)." 21183,Syconycteris hobbit,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Syconycteris,hobbit,,,,,"Ziegler, 1982", 10979,Kerivoula muscina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,muscina,,,,,"Tate, 1941", 15008,Nyctophilus microtis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctophilus,microtis,,,,,"Thomas, 1888","This species has not been subjected to recent taxonomic evaluation despite a significant amount of new collections. Populations south of the central range in Papua New Guinea display excessive morphological variation between regionally sympatric forms (K.P. Aplin, pers. obs.) and there is a strong likelihood that multiple species are represented." 1933,Aproteles bulmerae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Aproteles,bulmerae,,,,,"Menzies, 1977", 7667,Emballonura furax,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,furax,,,,,"Thomas, 1911", 10122,Hipposideros corynophyllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,corynophyllus,,,,,"Hill, 1985", 10133,Hipposideros edwardshilli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,edwardshilli,,,,,"Flannery & Colgan, 1993", 10151,Hipposideros muscinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,muscinus,,,,,"(Thomas & Doria, 1886)", 10160,Hipposideros semoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,semoni,,,,,"Matschie, 1903","The type locality of Hipposideros semoni is near Cooktown in Queensland, Australia (Mahoney and Walton 1988). Both the identity and taxonomic affinity of the handful of specimens attributed to H. semoni from across Papua New Guinea are currently being investigated, but so far specimens either side of the Torres Strait appear to be the same species (K.N. Armstrong unpublished data)." 10166,Hipposideros wollastoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Hipposideros,wollastoni,,,,,"Thomas, 1913", 84372418,Rhinolophus euryotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,euryotis,,,,,"Temminck, 1835","The previous IUCN account followed Bonaccorso (1998) and incorrectly applied the name R. euryotis to R. canuti on the island of Timor. A modern approach to taxonomy that incorporates genetic markers is required to examine range limits and the status of subspecies, some of which are of dubious validity (Simmons 2005). Further details in Csorba et al. (2003) and Simmons (2005)." 19553,Rhinolophus megaphyllus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,megaphyllus,,,,,"Gray, 1834","Synonyms were reviewed by Csorba et al. (2003), however Rhinolophus megaphyllus is now considered to be restricted to Australia and Papua New Guinea. The taxa R. robinsoni Andersen, 1918 (includes klossi K. Andersen, 1918; and thaianus Hill, 1992 listed as synonyms of megaphyllus by Csorba et al. 2003) and R. keyensis Peters, 1871 (includes truncatus Peters, 1871; nanus K. Andersen, 1905; and simplex K. Andersen, 1905 listed as synonyms of megaphyllus by Csorba et al. 2003) were subsequently considered distinct species by Simmons (2005). There is an unresolved relationship with Australasian forms of R. philippinensis (Cooper et al. 1998) that is currently being resolved (K.N. Armstrong unpublished data)." 136248,Rhinolophus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,RHINOLOPHIDAE,Rhinolophus,montanus,,,,,"Goodwin, 1979","Rhinolophus montanus was originally described as a subspecies of philippinensis (Goodwin 1979), but was recently elevated to species status (Csorba 2002). This taxonomy is generally accepted and followed (Csorba et al. 2003, Simmons 2005)." 19799,Saccolaimus flaviventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccolaimus,flaviventris,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 21454,Taphozous georgianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,georgianus,,,,,"Thomas, 1915", 7923,Vespadelus douglasorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Vespadelus,douglasorum,,,,,"(Kitchener, 1976)",There is the possibility of a cryptic species resembling V. douglasorum in the Kimberley (Armstrong and Kitchener 2008; Armstrong 2011). 21458,Taphozous kapalgensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,kapalgensis,,,,,"McKean & Friend, 1979", 19589,Rhinonicteris aurantia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,HIPPOSIDERIDAE,Rhinonicteris,aurantia,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)","The population in the Pilbara exhibits some differences to the northern population (Armstrong 2002, 2005, 2006; Armstrong and Coles 2007; K.N. Armstrong unpublished data), and awaits formal description (likely as a subspecies) (Churchill et al. 2008, Armstrong 2008). Issues with nomenclature were addressed by Simmons (2005) and Armstrong (2006). Note this species is part of the family Rhinonycteridae Gray, 1866 (see Foley et al. 2015)." 21466,Taphozous troughtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Taphozous,troughtoni,,,,,"Tate, 1952","Taphozous troughtoni was first described by Tate (1952) from near Mt Isa, Queensland, Australia, and was considered as a junior synonym of T. georgianus (McKean and Price 1967) until taxonomic work by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991). Later work by Reardon and Thomson (unpublished) revised the extent of occurrence from an area within the Mt Isa Inland bioregion (Commonwealth of Australia 2012) to areas through northern Queensland previously attributed to T. georgianus based mainly on allozyme patterns and echolocation calls. Taxonomic studies are ongoing and support the distinction between the two species but are investigating the possibility of introgression given previous observations of morphological intermediates in areas of range overlap (K.N. Armstrong and T.B. Reardon unpublished data)." 17348,Falsistrellus mackenziei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Falsistrellus,mackenziei,,,,,"Kitchener, Caputi & Jones, 1986","Falsistrellus mackenziei is accepted as a distinct species separate from Falsistrellus tasmaniensis (Kitchener et al. 1986, Simmons 2005)." 22686419,Triclaria malachitacea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Triclaria,malachitacea,,,,,"(Spix, 1824)", 22696592,Poliocephalus rufopectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PODICIPEDIFORMES,PODICIPEDIDAE,Poliocephalus,rufopectus,,,,,"Gray, 1843", 7670,Emballonura alecto,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Emballonura,alecto,,,,,"Eydoux & Gervais, 1836","Similar in appearance to E. monticola. There are four subspecies recognised (Simmons 2005): E. a. alecto in the Philippines (type locality Manila, Luzon), anambensis Miller, 1900 in the Anamba Islands, Natuna Islands, Karimata Island and Panebangan Islands (type locality Mobur Island, Anamba Islands), palawanensis Taylor, 1934 on Palawan Island, in the Philippines (type locality Iwahig Range at the base of Thumb Peak, Palawan), rivalis Thomas, 1915 in Borneo (type locality Bida, Sarawak)." 10968,Kerivoula agnella,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Kerivoula,agnella,,,,,"Thomas, 1908", 4417,Chalinolobus gouldii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Chalinolobus,gouldii,,,,,"(Gray, 1841)", 84882338,Dobsonia magna,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Dobsonia,magna,,,,,"Thomas, 1905", 136769,Pipistrellus murrayi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,murrayi,,,,,"Andrews, 1900","This taxon has in the past sometimes been included as a subspecies of Pipistrellus tenuis (Koopman 1973, 1993), but its status has been confirmed by genetic and morphological assessment, which revealed it was a full species endemic to Christmas Island (Helgen et al. 2009)." 19802,Saccolaimus saccolaimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,EMBALLONURIDAE,Saccolaimus,saccolaimus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1838)","Five valid subspecies are recognised currently within Saccolaimus saccolaimus: affinis (Borneo), crassus (South Asia and mainland South East Asia), nudicluniatus (Melanesia, Australia, possibly Timor Island), pluto (Phillippines), plus the nominate (Java, Sumatra) (Simmons 2005). The Melanesian and Australian populations are referred to the subspecies S. s. nudicluniatus, and it is not clear whether the Northern Territory population is part of the nominate race, though mitochondrial DNA studies showed limited differences between Northern Territory and Queensland groups (Milne et al. 2009). Taxonomic studies are ongoing (K.N. Armstrong unpublished)." 71533043,Ozimops ridei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,ridei,,,,,"(Felton, 1964)","

Felten (1964) originally described ridei as a subspecies of the small Papua New Guinean species Mormopterus loriae. The recent taxonomic revision of the genus Mormopterus in Australia elevated M. ridei to full species and showed that ridei was not a sister taxon to M. loriae (Reardon et al. 2014). Two genetically distinct populations of M. ridei occur in eastern Australia, with the distribution of the northern and southern populations overlapping near Brisbane, Queensland. The significant genetic distance between these populations suggest they may be distinct at the species level. Mormopterus ridei is included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon, McKenzie and Adams 2014).

" 71536513,Ozimops cobourgianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,cobourgianus,,,,,"(Johnson, 1959)","Johnson (1959) originally described cobourgiana as a subspecies of the small Papua New Guinean species Tadarida loriae. The recent taxonomic revision of the genus Mormopterus in Australia (Reardon et al. 2014) elevated M. cobourgianus to a full species. Mormopterus cobourgianus is included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon, McKenzie and Adams 2014)." 136664,Plecotus sacrimontis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,sacrimontis,,,,,"G.M. Allen, 1908",This taxon was elevated from a subspecies of P. auritus to species status by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). 4309,Chaerephon bregullae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Chaerephon,bregullae,,,,,"(Felten, 1964)","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Chaerephon jobensis (Felten 1964, Hill 1983) but has been recognised as a distinct species since its treatment by Flannery (1995). The taxonomy is considered stable (Simmons 2005) despite the absence of full taxonomic enquiry." 14192,Myotis pruinosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,pruinosus,,,,,"Yoshiyuki, 1971","Woodman (1993) notes that many mammalian generic names ending in -otis use the wrong gender for specific names. If this advice is to be followed, the species name should be M. pruinosa. The Chiroptera SG advise keeping the names as they are for now while a decision is still to be made on these." 29484,Myotis yanbarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Myotis,yanbarensis,,,,,"Maeda & Matsumura, 1998","This species is closely related to Myotis pruinosus that occurs in mainland Japan (Kawai et al. 2003, Abe et al. 2005)." 13880,Ozimops beccarii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,beccarii,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)","

The species Mormopterus beccarii has recently been redefined (Reardon et al. 2014), and its geographic distribution is now considered to be restricted to the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, the New Guinea mainland and islands. However, museum specimens representing this species exhibit considerable morphological variation suggesting the likelihood of cryptic species (T.B. Reardon et al. unpub.).  Bonaccorso (1998) recognised two subspecies—beccarii beccarii from Mimika River, southern West Papua and Maluku, and beccarii astrolabiensis from mainly northern Papua New Guinea.  Specimens from Australia formerly included in M. beccarii are now M. lumsdenae (Reardon et al. 2014). Mormopterus beccarii is included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon et al. 2014).

" 136765,Nyctalus furvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,furvus,,,,,"Imaizumi & Yoshiyuki, 1968", 136823,Eptesicus japonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Eptesicus,japonensis,,,,,"Imaizumi, 1953", 71529901,Setirostris eleryi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Setirostris,eleryi,,,,,"(Reardon & McKenzie, 2008)","The generic status of Setirostris is currently in revision." 13564,Miniopterus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MINIOPTERIDAE,Miniopterus,fuscus,,,,,"Bonhote, 1902", 71534469,Ozimops petersi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,MOLOSSIDAE,Ozimops,petersi,,,,,"(Leche, 1884)","Ozimops petersi was resurrected recently from synonymy with O. (=Mormopterus) planiceps (Reardon et al. 2014). There are two geographically and genetically distinct populations (eastern and western) that may be distinct taxonomically. Mormopterus petersi was included in the subgenus Ozimops (Reardon et al. 2014), and Ozimops was subsequently elevated to the level of genus by Jackson and Groves (2015)." 22686014,Touit huetii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,huetii,,,,,"(Temminck, 1830)", 45422369,Pyrrhura snethlageae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,snethlageae,,,,,"Joseph & Blake, 2002","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 62233372,Aratinga solstitialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Aratinga,solstitialis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Aratinga solstitialis and A. maculata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. solstitialis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103656912,Pitta rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PITTIDAE,Pitta,rosenbergii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871","

Pitta sordida, P. novaeguineae and P. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as P. sordida following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 103878304,Rhabdornis rabori,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Rhabdornis,rabori,,,,,"Rand, 1950","

Rhabdornis inornatus and R. rabori (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as R. inornatus following Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22705778,Perisoreus internigrans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CORVIDAE,Perisoreus,internigrans,,,,,"(Thayer & Bangs, 1912)", 62181308,Pionites leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionites,leucogaster,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)","Pionites leucogaster, P. xanthomerius and P. xanthurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucogaster following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22705095,Lanius senator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LANIIDAE,Lanius,senator,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22716406,Argya rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,LEIOTRICHIDAE,Argya,rufescens,,,,,"(Blyth, 1847)",Previously placed in Turdoides (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Has elsewhere been treated as conspecific with A. striata. Monotypic. 22686037,Touit melanonotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Touit,melanonotus,,,,,"(Wied, 1820)", 22686116,Pyrilia barrabandi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrilia,barrabandi,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22708745,Turdus menachensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TURDIDAE,Turdus,menachensis,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1913", 22686136,Pyrilia caica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrilia,caica,,,,,"(Latham, 1790)", 22729967,Pyrilia aurantiocephala,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrilia,aurantiocephala,,,,,"(Gaban-Lima, Raposo & Hofling, 2002)", 22686145,Pyrilia vulturina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrilia,vulturina,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22707300,Symposiachrus julianae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Symposiachrus,julianae,,,,,"(Ripley, 1959)",

Symposiachrus julianae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha julianae.

84883915,Pteropus ennisae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Pteropus,ennisae,,,,,"Flannery & White, 1991","Pteropus ennisae is considered a distinct species from P. capistratus following Almeida et al. (2014), based on a 4.7% sequence divergence in cytochrome-b and the species differs morphologically, having less distinct facial markings than P. capistratus (Flannery and White 1991, Flannery 1995, Bonaccorso 1998, Almeida et al. 2014, Lavery 2019)." 22727626,Amazona festiva,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,festiva,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Amazona festiva and A. bodini (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. festiva following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22683582,Tanysiptera ellioti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Tanysiptera,ellioti,,,,,"Sharpe, 1970", 22686246,Amazona tucumana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,tucumana,,,,,"(Cabanis, 1885)", 22726579,Chrysocolaptes erythrocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,PICIDAE,Chrysocolaptes,erythrocephalus,,,,,"Sharpe, 1877","Chrysocolaptes lucidus, C. guttacristatus, C. stricklandi, C. strictus, C. haematribon, C. erythrocephalus and C. xanthocephalus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. lucidus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22713004,Xanthomixis apperti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,BERNIERIDAE,Xanthomixis,apperti,,,,,"(Colston, 1972)",

Xanthomixis apperti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Bernieria apperti.

166137,Carassius cuvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Carassius,cuvieri,,,,,"Temminck & Schlegel, 1846", 22729551,Acrocephalus orinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACROCEPHALIDAE,Acrocephalus,orinus,,,,,"Oberholser, 1905", 22682504,Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,BUCEROTIFORMES,BUCEROTIDAE,Rhabdotorrhinus,exarhatus,,,,,"(Temminck, 1823)",Rhabdotorrhinus exarhatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Penelopides. 45430572,Amazona farinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,farinosa,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)","Amazona farinosa and A. guatemalae (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as A. farinosa following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22686363,Amazona kawalli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Amazona,kawalli,,,,,"Grantsau & Camargo, 1989", 22717510,Dicaeum haematostictum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DICAEIDAE,Dicaeum,haematostictum,,,,,"Sharpe, 1876", 62181371,Pionites xanthurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pionites,xanthurus,,,,,"Todd, 1925","Pionites leucogaster, P. xanthomerius and P. xanthurus (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. leucogaster following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22687901,Heliangelus regalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliangelus,regalis,,,,,"Fitzpatrick, Willard & Terborgh, 1979", 22716818,Suthora przewalskii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADOXORNITHIDAE,Suthora,przewalskii,,,,,"Berezowski & Bianchi, 1891",

The genus Suthora has been moved from the family Sylviidae to Paradoxornithidae following Cai et al. (2019). Previously placed in Sinosuthora (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) but moved to current genus following Cai et al. (2019). Formerly listed as Paradoxornis przewalskii. Monotypic.

22687253,Discosura popelairii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Discosura,popelairii,,,,,"(Du Bus, 1846)", 22726315,Trichoglossus rosenbergii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,rosenbergii,,,,,"Schlegel, 1871","

Trichoglossus haematodus, T. forsteni, T. capistratus, T. weberi, T. rubritorquis, T. moluccanus and T. rosenbergii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as T. haematodus following Christidis and Boles (1994), and before then were split as T. haematodus and T. rubritorquis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22685797,Pyrrhura lepida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,lepida,,,,,"(Wagler, 1832)", 45422118,Pyrrhura amazonum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pyrrhura,amazonum,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1906","Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22716232,Zosterornis latistriatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterornis,latistriatus,,,,,"(Gonzales & Kennedy, 1990)",

Zosterornis latistriatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris latistriata.

22687721,Heliodoxa gularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Heliodoxa,gularis,,,,,"(Gould, 1860)", 22716227,Zosterornis striatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterornis,striatus,,,,,"Ogilvie-Grant, 1894",

Zosterornis striatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Stachyris striata.

22703471,Psilorhamphus guttatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Psilorhamphus,guttatus,,,,,"(Ménétries, 1835)", 22713953,Zosterops winifredae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,winifredae,,,,,"Sclater, 1935","Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22684519,Eos cyanogenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Eos,cyanogenia,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22703535,Eleoscytalopus psychopompus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Eleoscytalopus,psychopompus,,,,,"(Teixeira & Carnevalli, 1989)", 136717,Sapajus nigritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Sapajus,nigritus,,,,,"Goldfuss, 1809","Silva Jr (2001, 2002) argued that the tufted capuchins and the un-tufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) are so distinct in their morphology that they should be considered separate genera: Cebus Erxleben, 1777 for the un-tufted group; and then Sapajus Kerr, 1792 is available for the tufted capuchins. Silva Jr (2001) did not recognize any sub-specific forms (such as those used by Hershkovitz 1949, 1955). Groves (2001, 2005) presented an alternative taxonomy for the tufted capuchins as follows: C. apella apella (Linnaeus, 1758); C. apella fatuellus (Linnaeus, 1766); C. apella macrocephalus Spix, 1823; C. apella peruanus Thomas, 1901; C. apella tocantinus Lönnberg, 1939; C. apella margaritae Hollister, 1914; C. libidinosus libidinosus Spix, 1823; C. libidinosus pallidus Gray, 1866; C. libidinosus paraguayanus Fischer, 1829; C. libidinosus juruanus Lönnberg, 1939; C. nigritus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809); C. nigritus robustus Kuhl, 1820; C. nigritus cucullatus Spix, 1823; C. xanthosternos Wied-Neuwied, 1826 (Fragaszy et al. 2004; Rylands et al. 2005). Groves (2001) listed three sub-specific forms for C. nigritus: C. nigritus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809); C. nigritus robustus Kuhl, 1820, considered a distinct species by Silva Jr. (2001); and C. nigritus cucullatus Spix, 1823, considered a junior synonym of C. nigritus by Silva Jr. (2001). Here we follow the taxonomy proposed by Silva Jr (2001) at the subgenus level and raised by Lynch Alfaro et al. (2012) to the genus level, that recognizes Sapajus with eight species (S. apella, S. cay, S. flavius, S. libidinosus, S. macrocephalus, S. nigritus, S. robustus and S. xanthosternos)." 4216,Chlorocebus dryas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Chlorocebus,dryas,,,,,"Schwarz, 1932","Cercopithecus dryas is one of Africa’s least known and most enigmatic monkeys. Its nomenclature has been disputed, and its phylogenetic affinities are uncertain. The type specimen, the skull and skin of a captive juvenile male from the early 1930s, is from an unknown source population in central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), most likely in the Lomela region in what is currently Sankuru Province (Schwarz 1932). The species was not reported again until 1977, when Kano and Kuroda acquired two hunter-killed animals in the Wamba research area 300 km north of Lomela town (Kuroda et al. 1985). One of these animals became the type specimen for a new species: Cercopithecus salongo Thys van den Audenaerde 1977. Subsequent re-examination of the C. dryas type and Wamba specimen indicated that these represented the same species with age-related differences in colouration, thus sinking salongo into dryas (Colyn et al. 1991). Sarmiento (2002) disputed this assessment. However, the current treatment follows Groves (2001, 2005), Grubb et al. (2003), Butynski (2013), and Healy (2013) in accepting the synonymy of the two forms. Following the collections by Kano and Kuroda, C. dryas was confirmed in the Kokolopori area to the east of Wamba (Lokasola 2008). Lokasola (2008) suggests that Kano and Kuroda’s 1977 specimen likely came from this same population.

In 2014, the species reappeared again, 400 km southeast of Kokolopori/Wamba near Bafundo, in Maniema Province, less than 15 km west of the Congo (Lualaba) River. Field staff from the Lukuru Foundation’s TL2 Project collected photos of a fresh hunter-killed adult female and later collected a hunter-killed adult male from this same area (Hart 2014). Subsequently, the species was seen at two sites ~31 km west of Bafundo near the Lomami River, and two sites ~75 km west of the city of Kindu (Alempijevic et al. 2018). Both sexes of the Lomami-Lualaba interfluve population are characterized by striking rufous cheeks and upper ventrum, a feature not mentioned in the published descriptions of C. dryas sensu lato, as all publications describe specimens with white- or cream-coloured facial hairs and ventrum (Schwarz 1932, Thys van den Audenaerde 1977, Kuroda et al. 1985). Nevertheless, a photo of a monkey taken in 2011 at Iyondji in the Kokolopori/Wamba region by R. Mittermeier clearly shows these animals have rufous cheeks. Subsequently, S. Kuroda (comment posted online in 2016 in Hart 2014) confirmed that his 1977 Wamba specimens looked like the Bafundo animals. Tail colouration, in particular the shape and location of the triangular dark grey ventral patch at the base of the tail, in both sexes, has also been a source of confusion (e.g. C. dryas illustration, Gautier-Hion et al. 1999). The prominent blue perineum and scrotum in adult males (Hart 2014) has not been mentioned in previous published accounts of the species, but this feature likely fades in death, as in C. lomamiensis, and may not be evident in all hunter-killed animals and dry museum skins (Hart et al. 2012). Additional field surveys and population genetics studies are needed to assess the level of variation present among known populations, as this monkey occurs in very small, widely-separated populations over a very large area, and with no evident contact between them.

Cercopithecus dryas is currently assigned to its own species group, the Cercopithecus dryas-group (Groves 2001, Butynski 2002), where it is the smallest species within the genus Cercopithecus (Butynski 2013). However, recent phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial genome of the type specimen (finger tip) show C. dryas clustering within the genus Chlorocebus (Guschanski et al. 2013). Groves suggested possible affinities between C. dryas and Chlorocebus after initial assessment of the skin and skull of the type specimen (1972 pers. comm. cited in Thys van den Audenaerde 1977), however he later concluded that C. dryas is a distinct species within the genus Cercopithecus based on the cranial morphology of the type specimen and a photograph of an adult skull in Kuroda et al. (1985).

A study of the morphology by Gilbert et al. (2021) confirmed the results of Guschanski et al. (2013) in treating the dryas monkey as a member of the genus Chlorocebus, not Cercopithecus (as per Groves 2001). Note also that the phylogenomic study of Guschanski et al. (2013) placed Allochrocebus solatus (Harrison, 1988) of Gabon as basal to the Chlorocebus clade." 18250,Piliocolobus bouvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Piliocolobus,bouvieri,,,,,"de Rochebrune, 1887","

Modern taxonomic arrangements of the colobus monkeys either distinguish the red colobus monkeys and the Olive Colobus as separate genera, Piliocolobus and Procolobus, respectively (e.g., Groves 2001, 2005, 2007; Roos et al. 2011, Kingdon 2015), or consider them to belong to one genus Procolobus, with two subgenera (Procolobus for the Olive Colobus and Piliocolobus for the red colobus) (Oates et al. 1994, Grubb et al. 2003, 2013; Oates 2011). Ting (2008) placed all the red colobus as subspecies of Procolobus (Piliocolobus) badius. The 2008 IUCN Red List assessments followed the taxonomy of Grubb et al. (2003).

The arrangement of two genera in Groves (2001, 2005, 2007) is followed here: a monotypic Procolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (Olive Colobus) and polytypic Piliocolobus de Rochebrune, 1887 (red colobus).

This taxon was formerly a subspecies of a wider concept of P. pennantii that included as subspecies parmentierorum, bouvieri, tholloni, powelli Matschie, nigrimanus Trouessart, lulindicus, langi, foai and semlikiensis (Gautier-Hion et al. 1999). Kingdon (1997), Groves (2001, 2005) and Butynski et al. (2013) considered bouvieri and epieni to be subspecies of pennantii; Grubb et al. (2003) likewise, and also included preussi.

" 22703546,Eleoscytalopus indigoticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Eleoscytalopus,indigoticus,,,,,"(Wied, 1831)", 210363264,Mico schneideri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Mico,schneideri,,,,,"Costa-Araújo, Silva-Jr., Boubli, Rossi, Hrbek & Farias, 2021","Mico schneideri was described in 2021 for pseudo-cryptic marmosets endemic to the northern Juruena–Teles Pires interfluve, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Marmosets from this region were stored in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goledi and known to scientists since 1995. They were, however, confounded with M. emiliae due to inadequacy of previous taxonomic assessments––entirely based on pelage colour of a few specimens––until new morphological, molecular and distribution data had shown that they are in fact morphologically diagnosable, form a fully supported clade and are allopatric, without evidence of distribution, morphological or genomic overlap with M. emiliae or another known species of Mico (Costa-Araújo et al. 2021)." 210364856,Microcebus lehilahytsara,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,lehilahytsara,,,,,"Roos & Kappeler, 2005","Recent phylogenetic and morphological studies by Poelstra et al. (2020) and Schüßler et al. (2020) have shown that Microcebus mittermeieri is a junior synonym of Microcebus lehilahytsara Roos & Kappeler in Kappeler, Rasoloarison, Razafimanantsoa, Walter & Roos, 2005." 22703474,Merulaxis ater,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Merulaxis,ater,,,,,"Lesson, 1831", 22709482,Cyornis sanfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Cyornis,sanfordi,,,,,"Stresemann, 1931", 210368667,Lepilemur dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LEPILEMURIDAE,Lepilemur,dorsalis,,,,,"Gray, 1870","

With the revisions and reviews of sportive lemurs located in northwestern Madagascar between 2006 and 2007, the distribution of Lepilemur dorsalis and other sportive lemurs in this region remained uncertain. Zinner et al. (2007) showed that the three teams that described new Lepilemur species in 2006 and 2007, Andriaholinirina et al. (2006), Louis et al. (2006) and Craul et al. (2007) had each submitted three alternative concepts of the holotype locality for L. dorsalis and that the validity of L. tymerlachsoni and L. mittermeieri depended on which concept turned out to be correct. The type locality of Lepilemur dorsalis was thought to be either Mourountsang (=Anorontsangana, 13°55’S, 47°55’E) or Passandava (=Ampasindava, about 13°40’S, 48°15’E). If the former was correct, then L. tymerlachsonorum is a synonym of L. dorsalis and L. mittermeieri is valid; and if the latter, then L. mittermeieri is the synonym and L. tymerlachsoni is valid. The species found at Nosy Bé is also found on Anorontsangana (Zinner et al. 2007). Further, the holotype L. grandidieri (Forsyth Major 1894) was attributed to a specimen from northern Madagascar, which may prove to be a senior synonym of one of the species described in 2006/2007. Therefore, it was recommended that as a priority research and conservation study, genetic material from the holotypes for L. dorsalis and L. grandidieri be acquired and comparable sequence data generated to determine the taxonomy and distribution of L. dorsalis and the other sportive lemurs of north-west Madagascar.

Recent phylogenetic studies by Roos et al. (2021) confirmed that L. mittermeieri and L. grandidieri Forsyth Major, 1894, are both junior synonyms of L. dorsalis Gray, 1871. The authors sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of the L. dorsalis and L. grandidieri (currently recognized as a synonym of L. dorsalis) type specimens and compared the sequences with those of samples with known provenance from the different Inter-River Systems (IRSs). The two type specimens of L. dorsalis and L. grandidieri are identical and cluster closely with samples collected in IRS V (between the rivers Andranomalaza and Sambirano), indicating that the type locality can be fixed to IRS V. Consequently, L. dorsalis occurs in IRS V, and L. grandidieri and L. mittermeieri are junior synonyms of L. dorsalis.

" 22703487,Scytalopus unicolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,unicolor,,,,,"Salvin, 1895", 210369485,Presbytis comata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,comata,,,,,"(Desmarest,1822)","

Blanford (1887) suggested that Simia aygula Linnaeus, 1758 was a langur from Java. Napier and Groves (1983), however, showed that aygula was in fact a crab-eating macaque, and Weitzel and Groves (1985) established the name comata (Desmarest, 1822) instead.

While it is correct that based on pelage characteristics P. comata and P. fredericae can be “strikingly different” (Groves 2001) when considering specimens of P. comata from the westernmost part of their range (e.g., Ujung Kulon, Mts Halimun; entirely white venter and light or medium dark grey overall) and P. fredericae from the easternmost part of its range (Mt Merbabu, Mts Dieng: small amounts of white ventrally and dark grey to black overall), these differences become clinal when intermediate populations are considered. In addition, there is considerable within population variation (Nijman 2001; Nijman, Setiawan & Karyanto, unpubl. data). Hence, based on this, Nijman (1997a) was of the opinion that the differences between the two taxa were clinal. Meyer et al. (2011), comparing 1,800 bp of mitochondrial genes from specimens from Mts Halimun and Mt Slamet, likewise found clear differences between the two, and estimated their divergence at 1.06 (0.63−1.51) million years ago. However, when additional genetic samples were included, albeit of shorter length, these mitochondrial DNA differences suggested a case of Isolation by Distance, whereby populations that are geographically more distant from each other show more genetic differences rather than a two-species arrangement (V. Nijman, unpublished data). Finally, Meyer et al. (2012) found clear differences between the acoustic structure of male loud calls of a wide range of Presbytis species that supported their earlier molecular findings, i.e., species that are genetically different also differ markedly in their vocalisations. Unfortunately, no calls of P. fredericae were included in their study. Nonetheless, Nijman (2001) reported the loud calls of males on Mts Halimun, Mt Salak, Mt Gede-Pangrango, Mt Sawal (all within the putative range of P. comata) to be qualitatively similar to those on Mt Slamet, Mts Dieng and Mt Lawu (all part of the putative range of P. fredericae). Bartels (1937), who had observed and heard P. comata calls from throughout western Java, i.e., throughout the putative range of P. comata, noted that when hearing the calls of P. fredericae from Mt Slamet, these were immediately recognisable as possibly a subspecies of P. comata, again suggesting limited differences in vocalisations between the two taxa. Finally, Geissmann et al. (2007) compared 40 vocal characters of the male loud calls of P. comata from Mt Pancar (north of Mt Gede-Pangrango) with those of P. fredericae from Mts Dieng and found minimal differences, leading them to conclude that, in light of their vocal data, a two-species arrangement appeared unlikely.

While P. comata and P. fredericae are treated here as two separate species, further research (morphological, behavioural and molecular) is urgently needed to clarify their taxonomic arrangement. For now, the main basis of grouping populations in either P. comata or P. fredericae is based on pelage characteristics. Given that these are variable within populations (amount of white, amount of black or dark grey, black or grey of arms and legs), the boundary between these two species has to be drawn somewhat arbitrarily. We here present two scenarios, one whereby population in the easternmost part of the province of West Java (Mt Ciremay, Kuningan) and the westernmost part of the province of Central Java (Mts Pembarisan) are included in P. comata and one whereby these are included in P. fredericae (we refer to this area as Ciremay-Kuningan-Pembarisan, acknowledging that other forest areas to the south may have to be included as well).

" 18133,Presbytis fredericae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,fredericae,,,,,"(Sody, 1930)","

While it is correct that based on pelage characteristics P. comata and P. fredericae can be “strikingly different” (Groves 2001) when considering specimens of P. comata from the westernmost part of their range (e.g., Ujung Kulon, Mts Halimun; entirely white venter and light or medium dark grey overall) and P. fredericae from the easternmost part of its range (Mt Merbabu, Mts Dieng: small amounts of white ventrally and dark grey to black overall), these differences become clinal when intermediate populations are considered. In addition, there is considerable within-population variation (Nijman 2001; Nijman, Setiawan & Karyanto, unpubl. data). Hence, based on this, Nijman (1997a) was of the opinion that the differences between the two taxa were clinal. Meyer et al. (2011), comparing 1,800 bp of mitochondrial genes from specimens from Mts Halimun and Mt Slamet, likewise found clear differences between the two, and estimated their divergence at 1.06 (0.63−1.51) million years ago. However, when additional genetic samples were included, albeit of shorter length, these mitochondrial DNA differences suggested a case of Isolation by Distance, whereby populations that are geographically more distant from each other show more genetic differences rather than a two-species arrangement (V. Nijman, unpublished data). Finally, Meyer et al. (2012) found clear differences between the acoustic structure of male loud calls of a wide range of Presbytis species that supported their earlier molecular findings, i.e., species that are genetically different also differ markedly in their vocalisations. Unfortunately, no calls of P. fredericae were included in their study. Nonetheless, Nijman (2001) reported the loud calls of males on Mts Halimun, Mt Salak, Mt Gede-Pangrango, Mt Sawal (all within the putative range of P. comata) to be qualitatively similar to those on Mt Slamet, Mts Dieng and Mt Lawu (all part of the putative range of P. fredericae). Bartels (1937), who had observed and heard P. comata calls from throughout western Java, i.e., throughout the putative range of P. comata, noted that when hearing the calls of P. fredericae from Mt Slamet, these were immediately recognisable as possibly a subspecies of P. comata, again suggesting limited differences in vocalisations between the two taxa. Finally, Geissmann et al. (2007) compared 40 vocal characters of the male loud calls of P. comata from Mt Pancar (north of Mt Gede-Pangrango) with those of P. fredericae from Mts Dieng and found minimal differences, leading them to conclude that, in light of their vocal data, a two-species arrangement appeared unlikely.

While P. comata and P. fredericae are treated here as two separate species, further research (morphological, behavioural and molecular) is urgently needed to clarify their taxonomic arrangement. For now, the main basis of grouping populations in either P. comata or P. fredericae is based on pelage characteristics. Given that these are variable within populations (amount of white, amount of black or dark grey, black or grey of arms and legs), the boundary between these two species has to be drawn somewhat arbitrarily. We here present two scenarios, one whereby population in the easternmost part of the province of West Java (Mt Ciremay, Kuningan) and the westernmost part of the province of Central Java (Mts Pembarisan) are included in P. comata and one whereby these are included in P. fredericae (we refer to this area as Ciremay-Kuningan-Pembarisan, acknowledging that other forest areas to the south may have to be included as well).

" 39875,Trachypithecus margarita,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,margarita,,,,,"(Elliot, 1909)","

Until recently, Trachypithecus margarita was included in T. germaini. Genetic data (mtDNA studies) and phenotypical characters supports separate species status, though additional study will be needed for confirmation, since the study was based on a few samples from Cambodia and Viet Nam (including samples from animals of unknown origin) and no samples from Lao PDR (Roos et al., 2008). It is considered to be part of the cristatus group (T. cristatus, T. auratus, T. mauritus, T. germaini and T. selangorensis) (Hoang Minh Duc et al. 2012, Nadler and Brockman 2014, Nadler et al. 2005, Roos et al. 2008).

" 22687708,Phlogophilus harterti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,TROCHILIDAE,Phlogophilus,harterti,,,,,"Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1901", 3416,Cacajao calvus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cacajao,calvus,,,,,"(I. Geoffroy, 1847)","The taxonomy of Cacajao follows Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976), Hershkovitz (1987), Eisenberg (1989) and Boubli (1994). The geographic range of Cacajao calvus novaesi is larger than was previously thought, and a new population of White Uakaris has been recorded from the Rio Jurupari, a tributary of the Rio Envira, well to the south of C. c. calvus, and separated by the red C. c. novaesi, indicating the need for a reappraisal of the taxonomy and systematics of the species (Silva Jr. and Martins 1999). Following Hershkovitz (1987), four subspecies are retained here: C. c. calvus; C. c. rubicundus; C. c novaesi; and C. c. ucayalii. Although the four subspecies are morphologically distinct, a recent study (based on sixteen specimens) indicates that they are genetically homogeneous (Figueiredo 2006). The species is in urgent need of a taxonomic review and reappraisal of subspecies status." 22692264,Mentocrex kioloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Mentocrex,kioloides,,,,,"(Pucheran, 1845)",Mentocrex kioloides (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Canirallus. 22721492,Atlapetes rufigenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PASSERELLIDAE,Atlapetes,rufigenis,,,,,"(Salvin, 1895)", 22734687,Scytalopus pachecoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,pachecoi,,,,,"Mauricio, 2005", 22729258,Scytalopus sanctaemartae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,sanctaemartae,,,,,"Chapman, 1915", 22707336,Metabolus takatsukasae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Metabolus,takatsukasae,,,,,"(Yamashina, 1931)",

Metabolus takatsukasae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha takatsukasae.

22708024,Xenopirostris xenopirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Xenopirostris,xenopirostris,,,,,"(Lafresnaye, 1850)", 22715339,Phylloscopus tytleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PHYLLOSCOPIDAE,Phylloscopus,tytleri,,,,,"Brooks, 1872", 22729275,Scytalopus acutirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,acutirostris,,,,,"(Tschudi, 1844)", 22733286,Scytalopus urubambae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,urubambae,,,,,"J.T. Zimmer, 1939", 22701056,Lepidothrix isidorei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PIPRIDAE,Lepidothrix,isidorei,,,,,"Sclater, 1852", 22733261,Scytalopus altirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,altirostris,,,,,"J.T. Zimmer, 1939", 22733277,Scytalopus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,parkeri,,,,,"Krabbe & Schulenberg, 1997", 22734658,Scytalopus stilesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,RHINOCRYPTIDAE,Scytalopus,stilesi,,,,,"Cuervo, Cadena, Krabbe & Renjifo, 2005", 14363,Natator depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELONIIDAE,Natator,depressus,,,,,"(Garman, 1880)", 22724499,Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Nyctiphrynus,rosenbergi,,,,,"(Hartert, 1895)", 22684417,Coccyzus vieilloti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coccyzus,vieilloti,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22727451,Hypotaenidia woodfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Hypotaenidia,woodfordi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1889)","

Hypotaenidia woodfordi, H. tertia and H. immaculata (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously previously placed in the genus Nesoclopeus and lumped as N. woodfordi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22714000,Zosterops olivaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,olivaceus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22682735,Pharomachrus fulgidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,TROGONIFORMES,TROGONIDAE,Pharomachrus,fulgidus,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22704412,Grantiella picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Grantiella,picta,,,,,"(Gould, 1838)", 22702328,Synallaxis cabanisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,cabanisi,,,,,"Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890", 103792746,Anthreptes rectirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,NECTARINIIDAE,Anthreptes,rectirostris,,,,,"(Shaw, 1811)","

Anthreptes rectirostris and A. tephrolaemus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as A. rectirostris following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 22704520,Oreoscopus gutturalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Oreoscopus,gutturalis,,,,,"(De Vis, 1889)", 22702321,Synallaxis moesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,moesta,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 22702363,Synallaxis cherriei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,cherriei,,,,,"Gyldenstolpe, 1930", 22679668,Odontophorus speciosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,ODONTOPHORIDAE,Odontophorus,speciosus,,,,,"Tschudi, 1843", 22679827,Oxyura australis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ANSERIFORMES,ANATIDAE,Oxyura,australis,,,,,"Gould, 1836", 22721951,Myioborus flavivertex,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,flavivertex,,,,,"(Salvin, 1887)", 22714180,Zosterops splendidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,splendidus,,,,,"Hartert, 1929", 22691699,Ducula whartoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,whartoni,,,,,"(Sharpe, 1887)", 22702372,Synallaxis fuscorufa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,fuscorufa,,,,,"Sclater, 1882", 22714043,Zosterops saypani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,saypani,,,,,"Dubois, 1902",

Zosterops conspicillatus and Z. saypani (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. conspicillatus following Slikas et al. (2000).

22713815,Apalis chirindensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,chirindensis,,,,,"Shelley, 1906", 22684727,Zanda baudinii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Zanda,baudinii,,,,,"(Lear, 1832)",Zanda baudinii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Calyptorhynchus. 22702369,Synallaxis castanea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,castanea,,,,,"Sclater, 1856", 103675261,Synallaxis simoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Synallaxis,simoni,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1907","Synallaxis albilora and S. simoni (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as S. albilora following SACC (2005 and updates), Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993) and Stotz et al. (1996)." 103804115,Myioborus chrysops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,chrysops,,,,,"Salvin, 1878","

Myioborus ornatus and M. chrysops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. ornatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22702420,Cranioleuca curtata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,curtata,,,,,"(Sclater, 1870)", 22684755,Callocephalon fimbriatum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Callocephalon,fimbriatum,,,,,"(Grant, 1803)", 103804095,Myioborus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARULIDAE,Myioborus,ornatus,,,,,"(Boissonneau, 1840)","

Myioborus ornatus and M. chrysops (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as M. ornatus following SACC (2005 & updates); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993); Stotz et al. (1996).

 

" 22722133,Conothraupis speculigera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THRAUPIDAE,Conothraupis,speculigera,,,,,"(Gould, 1855)", 22702461,Cranioleuca muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Cranioleuca,muelleri,,,,,"Hellmayr, 1911", 22713766,Apalis sharpii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CISTICOLIDAE,Apalis,sharpii,,,,,"Shelley, 1884", 210891841,Cheracebus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cheracebus,torquatus,,,,,"(Hoffmannsegg, 1807)","Byrne et al. 2016 separated the genus Callicebus into three genera, namely:  Cheracebus n. gen. for the torquatus group of the Orinoco, Negro and upper Amazon basins; Callicebus Thomas, 1903 for the (personatus group) of the Atlantic Forest and Northeast Brazil; and Plecturocebus n. gen. for donacophilus and moloch groups in the Amazon basin and Chaco region.

An in-depth study regarding the identity and range C. torquatus by Byrne et al. (2020) revealed, that C. torquatus (Hoffmannsegg, 1807) was a senior synonym of C. purinus (Thomas, 1927), and, following Byrne et al. (2020), Cheracebus includes five named species, C. torquatus, C. lugens, C. lucifer, C. regulus and C. medemi. Cheracebus populations south of the Río Napo between the ríos Nanay and Tigre in Peru (Heymann et al. 2002; Aquino et al. 2008) probably belong to a distinct sixth species, as yet undescribed." 22691435,Ptilinopus roseicapilla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ptilinopus,roseicapilla,,,,,"(Lesson, 1831)", 22697797,Eudyptes schlegeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SPHENISCIFORMES,SPHENISCIDAE,Eudyptes,schlegeli,,,,,"Finsch, 1876", 22702250,Asthenes helleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FURNARIIDAE,Asthenes,helleri,,,,,"(Chapman, 1923)", 22698042,Pterodroma solandri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,PROCELLARIIDAE,Pterodroma,solandri,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 22684850,Micropsitta geelvinkiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Micropsitta,geelvinkiana,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1871)", 22697742,Fregata andrewsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,SULIFORMES,FREGATIDAE,Fregata,andrewsi,,,,,"Mathews, 1914", 195328,Polyommatus guezelmavi,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,LYCAENIDAE,Polyommatus,guezelmavi,,,,,"Olivier, Puplesiene, van der Poorten, de Prins & Wiemers, 1999", 169234201,Scoliodon laticaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,CARCHARHINIFORMES,CARCHARHINIDAE,Scoliodon,laticaudus,,,,,"Müller & Henle, 1838","The genus Scoliodon, represented by S. laticaudus, was previously considered monotypic but now consists of three species with S. macrorhynchus resurrected from the junior synonym of S. laticaudus (White et al. 2010)." 22708012,Calicalicus madagascariensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Calicalicus,madagascariensis,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)", 22680572,Turnix olivii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,olivii,,,,,"Robinson, 1900", 22701549,Herpsilochmus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,THAMNOPHILIDAE,Herpsilochmus,parkeri,,,,,"Davis & O'Neill, 1986", 22695699,Erythrotriorchis radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Erythrotriorchis,radiatus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22685194,Neophema chrysostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Neophema,chrysostoma,,,,,"(Kuhl, 1820)", 22727593,Cyclopsitta coxeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Cyclopsitta,coxeni,,,,,"Gould, 1867","

Cyclopsitta diophthalma and C. coxeni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. diophthalma following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22703602,Menura alberti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MENURIDAE,Menura,alberti,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1850", 22703627,Scenopoeetes dentirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Scenopoeetes,dentirostris,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1876)", 22697291,Zebrilus undulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PELECANIFORMES,ARDEIDAE,Zebrilus,undulatus,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1789)", 22725453,Coua cristata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,cristata,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","

Coua cristata and C. pyropyga (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cristata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22703661,Prionodura newtoniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PTILONORHYNCHIDAE,Prionodura,newtoniana,,,,,"De Vis, 1883", 22703783,Amytornis woodwardi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,woodwardi,,,,,"Hartert, 1905", 22703807,Amytornis housei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,housei,,,,,"(Milligan, 1902)", 22735654,Amytornis ballarae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,ballarae,,,,,"Condon, 1969", 22725463,Coua pyropyga,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,pyropyga,,,,,"Grandidier, 1867","

Coua cristata and C. pyropyga (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. cristata following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 56052,Triprion spatulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,HYLIDAE,Triprion,spatulatus,,,,,"Günther, 1882","This species was formerly included in the genus Diaglena, and is now in the genus Triprion (Faivovich et al. 2018). The southern subpopulations probably belong to a different species (C. Grunwald pers. comm. October 2019)." 22704148,Melithreptus validirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Melithreptus,validirostris,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 22711329,Odontorchilus cinereus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,TROGLODYTIDAE,Odontorchilus,cinereus,,,,,"(Pelzeln, 1868)", 22704046,Bolemoreus hindwoodi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Bolemoreus,hindwoodi,,,,,"(Longmore & Boles, 1983)",

Bolemoreus hindwoodi (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Lichenostomus hindwoodi.

 

22726222,Ramphastos vitellinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,vitellinus,,,,,"Lichtenstein, 1823","

Ramphastos vitellinus, R. culminatus, R. citrolaemus and R. ariel (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. vitellinus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as R. vitellinus, R. culminatus and R. citreolaemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22725437,Coua ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Coua,ruficeps,,,,,"G. R. Gray, 1846","

Coua ruficeps and C. olivaceiceps (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as C. ruficeps following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22704731,Gerygone modesta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Gerygone,modesta,,,,,"Pelzeln, 1860", 22689875,Caprimulgus ruficollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CAPRIMULGIFORMES,CAPRIMULGIDAE,Caprimulgus,ruficollis,,,,,"Temminck, 1820", 22704513,Pycnoptilus floccosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Pycnoptilus,floccosus,,,,,"Gould, 1851", 22704546,Sericornis keri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Sericornis,keri,,,,,"Mathews, 1920", 22726239,Ramphastos culminatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,culminatus,,,,,"Gould, 1833","Ramphastos vitellinus, R. culminatus, R. citrolaemus and R. ariel (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. vitellinus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as R. vitellinus, R. culminatus and R. citreolaemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22708041,Falculea palliata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,VANGIDAE,Falculea,palliata,,,,,"Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1836", 22704748,Aphelocephala leucopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Aphelocephala,leucopsis,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 22682153,Ramphastos tucanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Ramphastos,tucanus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Ramphastos tucanus and R. cuvieri (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. tucanus following SACC (2006). Prior to that, they had been split as R. tucanus and R. cuvieri following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22712947,Phyllastrephus poliocephalus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Phyllastrephus,poliocephalus,,,,,"(Reichenow, 1892)", 22728139,Pteroglossus sturmii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PICIFORMES,RAMPHASTIDAE,Pteroglossus,sturmii,,,,,"Natterer, 1842","

Pteroglossus bitorquatus and P. sturmii (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. bitorquatus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22704627,Acanthiza katherina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Acanthiza,katherina,,,,,"De Vis, 1905", 22705553,Colluricincla boweri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PACHYCEPHALIDAE,Colluricincla,boweri,,,,,"Ramsay, 1885", 22706193,Lophorina victoriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARADISAEIDAE,Lophorina,victoriae,,,,,"(Gould, 1850)",

Lophorina victoriae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Ptiloris victoriae.

22704819,Petroica phoenicea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Petroica,phoenicea,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 103753555,Heteromyias cinereifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Heteromyias,cinereifrons,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1876)","

Heteromyias albispecularis, H. armiti and H. cinereifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. albispecularis (see Christidis and Boles [1994, 2008]).

" 22714078,Zosterops natalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,natalis,,,,,"Lister, 1889", 176769,Acrochordus granulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ACROCHORDIDAE,Acrochordus,granulatus,,,,,"(Schneider, 1799)", 195315,Lamprolepis smaragdina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lamprolepis,smaragdina,,,,,"(Lesson, 1826)","The Philippine populations are referred to the subspecies Lamprolepis smaragdina philippina (Mertens, 1928), which is endemic to the Philippines. A taxonomic revision may lead to a further division of the Philippine populations as some inter-island variation is evident (M. Gaulke pers. comm. 2008). Linkem et al. (2013) sampled specimens from Papua New Guinea, from the Philippines and the Moluccas. These authors identified two clades within “Lamprolepis smaragdina” in the eastern Moluccas; the clade from Halmahera (for which the name Lamprolepis smaragdina will be applicable following any taxonomic revision, as it is shared with the species’ type locality on the Caroline Islands) reappears in PNG, but a separate clade is found on Seram. In the absence of material from Indonesian New Guinea, it is unknown which clade(s) historical records of this species from the region represent. Genetic evidence does not support the existence of numerous previously recognized subspecies from the New Guinean region." 169831,Sphenomorphus fasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,fasciatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1845)", 22714226,Zosterops tenuirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Zosterops,tenuirostris,,,,,"Gould, 1837", 22707096,Terpsiphone bedfordi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MONARCHIDAE,Terpsiphone,bedfordi,,,,,"(Ogilvie-Grant, 1907)", 22719660,Stagonopleura guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Stagonopleura,guttata,,,,,"(Shaw, 1796)", 22719744,Chloebia gouldiae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ESTRILDIDAE,Chloebia,gouldiae,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)","

Chloebia gouldiae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Erythrura following Christidis & Boles (2008); Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 22720132,Crithagra xantholaema,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,FRINGILLIDAE,Crithagra,xantholaema,,,,,"(Salvadori, 1896)",

Crithagra xantholaema (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. xantholaemus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

22700803,Pipreola chlorolepidota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,COTINGIDAE,Pipreola,chlorolepidota,,,,,"Swainson, 1837", 22704840,Melanodryas vittata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PETROICIDAE,Melanodryas,vittata,,,,,"(Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)", 22690689,Geophaps smithii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Geophaps,smithii,,,,,"(Jardine & Selby, 1830)", 22694373,Larus fuscus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,LARIDAE,Larus,fuscus,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758", 22684749,Calyptorhynchus lathami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Calyptorhynchus,lathami,,,,,"(Temminck, 1807)", 22704507,Dasyornis brachypterus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,DASYORNITHIDAE,Dasyornis,brachypterus,,,,,"(Latham, 1801)", 22709303,Humblotia flavirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MUSCICAPIDAE,Humblotia,flavirostris,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885", 21460801,Afrolychas braueri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,ARACHNIDA,SCORPIONES,BUTHIDAE,Afrolychas,braueri,,,,,"(Kraepelin, 1896)",The genus Lychas included several species that were thought to belong to other genera. The relationships have been resolved and the two African species transferred to a new genus Afrolychas (Kovařík 2019). 22685237,Pezoporus occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Pezoporus,occidentalis,,,,,"(Gould, 1861)", 103823897,Hypsipetes parvirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PYCNONOTIDAE,Hypsipetes,parvirostris,,,,,"Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885","

Hypsipetes parvirostris and H. moheliensis (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as H. parvirostris following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

 

" 42680,Oreamnos americanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Oreamnos,americanus,,,,,"(de Blainville, 1816)", 22680556,Turnix melanogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,TURNICIDAE,Turnix,melanogaster,,,,,"(Gould, 1837)", 171912,Odhneripisidium prasongi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,BIVALVIA,VENERIDA,SPHAERIIDAE,Odhneripisidium,prasongi,,,,,"Kuiper, 1974","D. van Damme (pers. comm. 2010). considered this species to be a possible synonym of Odhneripisidium prasongi, and that generic placement is now accepted by MolluscaBase (2021)." 22727425,Lophura pyronota,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,PHASIANIDAE,Lophura,pyronota,,,,,"(G. R. Gray, 1834)","

Lophura erythrophthalma and L. pyronota (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as L. erythrophthalma following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

" 196174028,Kosciuscola restrictus,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,restrictus,,,,,"Rehn, 1957","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. tristis (Umbers et al. 2021), and provided strong evidence supporting the elevation of K. tristis restrictus to species level as K. restrictus (Song et al. 2021)." 209399685,Kosciuscola tristis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ORTHOPTERA,ACRIDIDAE,Kosciuscola,tristis,,,,,"Sjöstedt, 1934","Differences in morphological, ecological and behavioural traits suggest that the current five-species arrangement does not accurately reflect species diversity within Kosciuscola (Tatarnic et al. 2013, Umbers et al. 2021). Molecular work has identified species-level clades within K. tristis, and provided strong evidence that K. tristis sensu stricto is restricted to the southern New South Wales mountains (Umbers et al. 2021), with the remaining clades within K. tristis representing undescribed species.

The recent emergence of major threats from climate change and bushfire, combined with the narrow ranges of these taxa as now understood, is potentially sufficient to justify assessing the reduced species concept of K. tristis, and to assess the undescribed congeners." 22683249,Halcyon pileata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CORACIIFORMES,ALCEDINIDAE,Halcyon,pileata,,,,,"(Boddaert, 1783)", 196972,Zygaspis vandami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Zygaspis,vandami,,,,,"(FitzSimons, 1930)","The two subspecies, Zygaspis v. vandami and Z. v. arenicola (Broadley and Broadley 1997) were referred to as separate species by Gans (2005). On the basis of differences in geographic range and ecology, as well as the morphological differences, Bates (2018) elevated Z. arenicola to a full species, and by this action, Z. vandami is now considered a full species. Samples of ‘Z. vandami’ included in phylogenetic analyses did not refer to subspecies (Measey and Tolley 2013, Broadley and Measey 2016) and based on distribution, these are assignable to ‘Z. v. arenicola.’ Therefore, analyses have not yet included both species." 22693049,Pedionomus torquatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CHARADRIIFORMES,PEDIONOMIDAE,Pedionomus,torquatus,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 104167028,Neotrygon orientalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,orientalis,,,,,"Last, White & Séret, 2016","Prior to the recent species description, this species previously included Neotrygon kuhlii (Last et al. 2016a). The Neotrygon genus has recently been split and currently includes at least 11 species. It is difficult to distinguish some members of the genus based solely on morphology, thus the true distribution and overlap of species is not currently known. More work is required to fully understand where each member of the Neotrygon genus occurs." 104167083,Neotrygon varidens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,DASYATIDAE,Neotrygon,varidens,,,,,"(Garman, 1885)","Previously misidentified as Neotrygon kuhlii, Last et al. (2016a) resurrected Neotrygon varidens as the valid name for this ray. The Neotrygon genus has recently been split and currently includes at least 11 species. It is difficult to distinguish some members of the genus based solely on morphology, thus the true distribution and overlap of species is not currently known. More work is required to fully understand where each member of the Neotrygon genus occurs." 3855,Carcharodon carcharias,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,LAMNIDAE,Carcharodon,carcharias,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 39339,Alopias vulpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,LAMNIFORMES,ALOPIIDAE,Alopias,vulpinus,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","A study using allozymes as a genetic marker (Eitner 1995) indicated that an unrecognized fourth species of Alopias may exist, however this claim was based on data from a single shark specimen likely to have been A. vulpinus. Recent work investigating population structure of all three Alopias species using mitochondrial DNA control region sequences (Trejo 2005) has found no evidence indicating that a fourth species of thresher sharks exists." 164070712,Phausis rhombica,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,LAMPYRIDAE,Phausis,rhombica,,,,,"Fender in Hatch, 1962", 22678646,Leipoa ocellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Leipoa,ocellata,,,,,"Gould, 1840", 18435526,Atelopus gigas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Atelopus,gigas,,,,,"Coloma, Duellman, Almendáriz, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010", 5659,Crocodylus acutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,CROCODYLIA,CROCODYLIDAE,Crocodylus,acutus,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1807)", 22695039,Elanus scriptus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Elanus,scriptus,,,,,"Gould, 1842", 22696479,Falco hypoleucos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,FALCONIFORMES,FALCONIDAE,Falco,hypoleucos,,,,,"Gould, 1841", 22685150,Psephotellus chrysopterygius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Psephotellus,chrysopterygius,,,,,"(Gould, 1858)",Psephotellus chrysopterygius (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Psephotus. 22684636,Vini stepheni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Vini,stepheni,,,,,"(North, 1908)", 18146,Prionailurus bengalensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Prionailurus,bengalensis,,,,,"(Kerr, 1792)","In 2017, a taxonomic revision of all cat species recognized the split of the Leopard Cat into two different species: Mainland Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) and Sunda Leopard Cat (Prionailurus javanensis). The Mainland Leopard Cat, meanwhile, has two recognized subspecies:
  • Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis in South and Southeast Asia occurring from Pakistan to China and probably inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and
  • Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus existing in Manchuria, Russian Far East, Taiwan, Iriomote Island and Tsushima Island.
The Iriomote Cat was widely and until recently treated as a species but is now, according to Kitchener et al. (2017), included into the subspecies Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus.

" 22684733,Zanda latirostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Zanda,latirostris,,,,,"(Carnaby, 1948)",Zanda latirostris (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Calyptorhynchus. 22692711,Zapornia atra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,RALLIDAE,Zapornia,atra,,,,,"(North, 1908)",Zapornia atra (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Porzana. 22685081,Polytelis alexandrae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Polytelis,alexandrae,,,,,"Gould, 1863", 22703608,Atrichornis rufescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ATRICHORNITHIDAE,Atrichornis,rufescens,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1867)", 22703612,Atrichornis clamosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ATRICHORNITHIDAE,Atrichornis,clamosus,,,,,"(Gould, 1844)", 8539,Felis bieti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Felis,bieti,,,,,"Milne-Edwards, 1892","The type specimens for Felis bieti are mounted skin and skull collected by Prince Henry d’Orleans (~1889) and kept at the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. The type locality is described as “Tatsienlu, Central Szechwan” by Milne-Edwards (1892), restricted by Pousargues (1898) to “environ de Tongolo et de Ta-tsien-Lou”, and verified to be Dong E Luo (=Tongolo) Village, Xinduqiao Township, Kangding (=Tatsienlu or Tatsienlou) County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China.

Three subspecies were once proposed, but two were considered misidentifications, therefore, the Chinese Mountain Cat is currently considered monotypic.
  • Felis bieti bieti Milne-Edwards, 1892, the nominate subspecies distributed in E Qinghai, NW Sichuan, and Gansu, (includes pallida Buchner, 1892, Kweito and S Tatung Mts, Kansu = Guide and Datongshan range, E Qinghai; and subpallida Jacobi, 1923, Songpan, NW Sichuan);
  • F. b. vellerosa Pocock, 1943; type locality near Yulinfu (=Yulin) on the borders of Ordos (Inner Mongolia) and N Shaanxi; also named the Ordos Cat, but suggested by Haltenorth 1953 as F. silvestris, and by Groves 1980 as F. catus; and
  • F. b. chutuchta Birula, 1917; no type locality, possibly around the Goizso area of the Gobi Desert in Inner Mongolia or NW Ningxia; also named the Gobi Cat, synonym with F. bieti by Allen (1938), Pocock (1943, 1951), but suggested by Haltenorth (1953) and Groves (1980) as F. silvestris.
The taxonomy of the species in relation to other wildcat taxa has not reached a unanimous agreement, though molecular phylogeny and population genetics are revealing a much clearer evolutionary and systematic pattern. The Chinese Mountain Cat has traditionally been considered a species (F. bieti). However, Haltenorth (1953) and Corbet (1978) stated that, once more specimens became available, analysis would show the Chinese Mountain Cat to be a subspecies of Felis silvestris. Driscoll et al. (2007) provided genetic evidence to indicate F. bieti to be a subspecies of F. silvestris, whilst Kitchener et al. (2009, 2017) attributed its species status again, based on morphological distinction and its potential sympatry with the Asiatic wildcat (F. s. ornata). Most recently, Yu et al. (2021) conducted a genome-wide analysis to render support of the Chinese Mountain Cat as equidistant with the Asiatic wildcat, and hence should be recognized as a wildcat subspecies, F. s. bieti. This study was based on whole genome sequencing and uniparentally inherited mitochondrial genome and Y-chromosome haplotypes of the Chinese Mountain Cat, Asiatic wildcat, and domestic cats, together with publicly available partial genomic data.

Yu et al. (2021) calculated the coalescence time of F. s. catus, F. s. bieti, and F. s. ornata at around 1.5 million years ago during the Middle Pleistocene, results consistent with estimations from Li et al. (2016) and Johnson et al. (2006). Given the relatively deep divergence of the wildcat taxa, Yu et al. (2021) also proposed an alternative approach to resolve the conflict between the genomic pattern and current taxonomic nomenclature, which is to elevate all wildcat lineages, including the Asiatic wildcat (F. s. ornata) and African wildcat (F. s. lybica), to independent species, or F. ornata and F. lybica, respectively, thus retaining the Chinese Mountain Cat as F. bieti to be consistent. This proposition would however require a comprehensive analysis of whole genome data from all wildcat taxa, especially those from F. s. silvestris and F. s. lybica.

The IUCN SSC Cat SG follows the revised taxonomy of Kitchener et al. (2017) until there is an update of this revision. Therefore, the Chinese Mountain Cat is currently treated as a separate species and assessed as such." 22703776,Stipiturus mallee,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Stipiturus,mallee,,,,,"Campbell, 1908", 22703786,Amytornis dorotheae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MALURIDAE,Amytornis,dorotheae,,,,,"(Mathews, 1914)", 122900128,Phaeoscincus taomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Phaeoscincus,taomensis,,,,,"Whitaker, Smith & Bauer, 2014",The genus Phaeoscincus and two new species P. ouinensis and P. taomensis were described in 2014. 22704493,Pardalotus quadragintus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PARDALOTIDAE,Pardalotus,quadragintus,,,,,"Gould, 1838", 22704751,Aphelocephala pectoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ACANTHIZIDAE,Aphelocephala,pectoralis,,,,,"(Gould, 1871)", 22692167,Grus japonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GRUIFORMES,GRUIDAE,Grus,japonensis,,,,,"(Müller, 1776)","Subspecies status formerly suggested for mainland and Japanese breeding populations, based on differences in vocalization patterns; some variation between these populations in morphology, coloration and egg size, but preliminary DNA analysis has shown no significant genetic distinction. Monotypic." 22729604,Thalassarche cauta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PROCELLARIIFORMES,DIOMEDEIDAE,Thalassarche,cauta,,,,,"(Gould, 1841)", 39948,Saguinus imperator,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CALLITRICHIDAE,Saguinus,imperator,,,,,"(Goeldi, 1907)","Taxonomy follows Hershkovitz (1977, 1979a)." 22704441,Manorina melanotis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Manorina,melanotis,,,,,"(Wilson, 1911)", 8440,Fabriciana elisa,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Fabriciana,elisa,,,,,"(Godart, 1823)", 213648328,Bagarius lica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Bagarius,lica,,,,,"Volz, 1903", 213648894,Bagarius bagarius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,SILURIFORMES,SISORIDAE,Bagarius,bagarius,,,,,"(Hamilton, 1822)", 124924053,Xanthandrus azorensis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Xanthandrus,azorensis,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 124922581,Sphaerophoria nigra,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,DIPTERA,SYRPHIDAE,Sphaerophoria,nigra,,,,,"Frey, 1945", 22706719,Lobotos oriolinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,CAMPEPHAGIDAE,Lobotos,oriolinus,,,,,"Bates, 1909",

Lobotos oriolinus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Campephaga oriolina.

 

22679551,Agelastes niger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,NUMIDIDAE,Agelastes,niger,,,,,"(Cassin, 1857)", 14922,Nyctalus azoreum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Nyctalus,azoreum,,,,,"(Thomas, 1901)","There is marked genetic differentiation between populations on central and eastern islands in the archipelago, indicating that they have evolved in relative isolation for a long time (Salgueiro et al. 2004)." 17315,Pipistrellus maderensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Pipistrellus,maderensis,,,,,"(Dobson, 1878)","Unidentified Pipistrellus bats found in the Azores have recently been proposed to belong to this species, but this awaits confirmation." 157167,Chondrus zebrulus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Chondrus,zebrulus,,,,,"(A. Férussac, 1821)","In addition to the nominate subspecies, two further subspecies are considered.

C. zebrus tantalus (L. Pfeiffer, 1868) has wider geographic range in Turkey, and according to Damjanov and Likharev (1975) it also occurs in Bulgaria.

C. zebrus spoliatus (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) occurs in Greece, and in Izmir, Turkey (Schütt 2001)." 60200,Mobula thurstoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,thurstoni,,,,,"(Lloyd, 1908)", 60199,Mobula tarapacana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,tarapacana,,,,,"(Philippi, 1892)", 41832,Mobula eregoodoo,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,eregoodoo,,,,,"(Cantor, 1849)","Combined morphological and molecular data led Last et al. (2016) and White et al. (2017) to conclude that Mobula eregoodootenkee is a junior synonym of M. kuhlii. However, Hosegood et al. (2019) suggested these were separate species, which was supported by Notarbartolo di Sciara et al. (2020), who also clarified the nomenclature as M. eregoodoo." 110847130,Mobula mobular,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,mobular,,,,,"(Bonnaterre, 1788)","Recent revisions of the taxonomy of genus Mobula included the decision to consider the circumglobal Spinetail Devil Ray M. japanica (Müller & Henle, 1841) a junior synonym of the Mediterranean Giant Devil Ray M. mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788), causing M. mobular to become a circumglobal species (Poortvliet et al. 2015, Hosegood et al. 2018, White et al. 2018).

Notarbartolo di Sciara et al. (2020) argued that one of the traits that were used to support the differentiation between the two species, the maximum size of M. mobular purportedly in excess of 5 m disc width (DW), can be explained by past misidentifications of M. birostris, and therefore unsubstantiated. This also supports their recommendation to retain for the species the common name “Spinetail Devil Ray” instead of “Giant Devil Ray”." 195459,Mobula alfredi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,alfredi,,,,,"(Krefft, 1868)","The previously monotypic genus Manta was re-evaluated in 2009 with two species identified, Reef Manta Ray (Manta alfredi) and Oceanic Manta Ray (Manta birostris) (Marshall et al. 2009). Genetic evidence supported the separation (Kashiwagi et al. 2012). Both species have broad global distributions and are sympatric in some locations and allopatric in others (Kashiwagi et al. 2011, Lawson et al. 2017). A third species of manta ray has also been proposed (Marshall et al. 2009) with increasing genetic support (Hinojosa-Alvarez et al. 2016, Kashiwagi et al. 2017, Hosegood et al. 2018). Genetic evidence has also resulted in the genus Manta being subsumed within the genus Mobula (Poortvliet et al. 2015, White et al. 2018)

Due to the recent taxonomic changes, both present day and historical reports can often be unclear and without adequate descriptions, photographs or geographic locations, it can be difficult to conclusively attribute fisheries data to a single species. Care should be taken when using reports or accounts of the Reef Manta Ray. Melanistic (black) and leucistic (white) colour morphs occur in all species of manta ray (Marshall et al. 2009). Variant colour morphs often contribute an added degree of confusion when attempting to visually discriminate between species of manta rays in the field or in photographs, especially when close examination is not possible. It should be noted that these colour morphs could be a source of error, resulting in misidentifications in past or future studies or surveys of distribution." 198921,Mobula birostris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,birostris,,,,,"(Walbaum, 1792)","The previously, monotypic genus Manta was re-evaluated with two species identified, Reef Manta Ray (Manta alfredi) and Oceanic Manta Ray (Manta birostris) (Marshall et al. 2009). Genetic evidence supported the separation (Kashiwagi et al. 2012). Both species have broad global distributions and are sympatric in some locations and allopatric in others (Kashiwagi et al. 2011, Lawson et al. 2017). A third species of manta ray has also been proposed (Marshall et al. 2009) with increasing genetic support (Hinojosa-Alvarez et al. 2016, Kashiwagi et al. 2017, Hosegood et al. 2018). Genetic evidence has also resulted in the genus Manta being subsumed within the genus Mobula (Poortvliet et al. 2015, White et al. 2018).

Due to the recent taxonomic changes, both present day and historical reports can often be unclear and without adequate descriptions, photographs or geographic locations, it can be difficult to conclusively attribute fisheries data to a single species. Care should be taken when using reports or accounts of the Oceanic Manta Ray. Melanistic (black) and leucistic (white) colour morphs occur in all species of manta ray (Marshall et al. 2009). Variant colour morphs often contribute an added degree of confusion when attempting to visually discriminate between species of manta rays in the field or in photographs, especially when close examination is not possible. It should be noted that these colour morphs could be a source of error, resulting in misidentifications in past or future studies or surveys of distribution." 126710128,Mobula hypostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,hypostoma,,,,,"(Bancroft, 1831)","White et al. (2017) concluded that Mobula rochebrunei (East Atlantic Pygmy Devil Ray) is a junior synonym of M. hypostoma (Atlantic Pygmy Devil Ray), with the latter species being confirmed as occurring in both the Western and Eastern Atlantic." 161439,Mobula kuhlii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,kuhlii,,,,,"(Müller & Henle, 1841)","Combined morphological and molecular data led Last et al. (2016) and White et al. (2017) to conclude that M. eregoodootenkee is a junior synonym of M. kuhlii. However, Hosegood et al. (2019) suggested these were separate species, which was supported by Notarbartolo di Sciara et al. (2020), who also clarified the nomenclature as M. eregoodoo." 60198,Mobula munkiana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,MYLIOBATIFORMES,MOBULIDAE,Mobula,munkiana,,,,,"Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, 1987", 8826,Galemys pyrenaicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,EULIPOTYPHLA,TALPIDAE,Galemys,pyrenaicus,,,,,"(E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1811)", 1151,Ammotragus lervia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Ammotragus,lervia,,,,,"(Pallas, 1777)","Six subspecies have been described (Ansell 1972; summarized in Cassinello 1998). However, apart from the fact that the morphological differences between them are not well defined, and there are several apparent zones of hybridization, relying exclusively on morphological traits is an obsolete and inadequate criterion to define subspecies. Therefore, and in order to re-evaluate aoudad subspecies distinction, a comprehensive genetic analysis of individuals from all the distinctive populations should be carried out. This would allow to properly identify genetic units that help redefining subspecific criteria and eventually allow undertaking proper conservation actions to protect the species (Cassinello 2015)." 3815,Capricornis rubidus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Capricornis,rubidus,,,,,"Blyth, 1863","While taxonomy of serow has been confusing, this assessment follows Mori et al. 2019, which recognises C. rubidus as a full species of Capricornis. The Red Serow (as C .s. rubidus) was listed as Endangered (A2cd) in the 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals (IUCN 1996). However, this assessment probably included the red form of Himalayan Serow which was often attributed to this species, but it is currently included in C. sumatraensis (Duckworth and Zaw 2008)." 211754322,Smaug swazicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CORDYLIDAE,Smaug,swazicus,,,,,"Bates & Stanley, 2020","Previously part of the Smaug warreni group, but recently described as a new species (Bates and Stanley 2020)." 17028,Phocoena sinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,PHOCOENIDAE,Phocoena,sinus,,,,,"Norris & McFarland, 1958","Genetic (Rosel et al. 1995) and morphological (Brownell et al. 1987) data suggest that Vaquitas are most closely related to porpoises in South America. Genetic data suggest divergence from two sister taxa (Burmeister’s Porpoise, Phocoena spinipinnis and Spectacled Porpoise Australophocaena dioptrica) in the Pleistocene (i.e., at least 2.5 million years ago)." 214650064,Dilta chateri,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ARCHAEOGNATHA,MACHILIDAE,Dilta,chateri,,,,,"Bach, Mendes, Gaju & Molero, 1995", 214651258,Psammoporus insularis,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,SCARABAEIDAE,Psammoporus,insularis,,,,,"Pittino, 2006", 214766637,Bradypodion barbatulum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,barbatulum,,,,,"Tolley, Tilbury & Burger, 2022",

There was long-standing taxonomic uncertainty regarding this population given its morphological similarity to a subpopulation in the nearby Baviaanskloof Mountains. Both subpopulations have been recently described as separate species (Tolley et al. 2022).

214766749,Bradypodion baviaanense,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,baviaanense,,,,,"Tolley, Tilbury & Burger, 2022",

There was long-standing taxonomic uncertainty regarding this population given its morphological similarity to the subpopulation in the nearby Kouga Mountains. Both subpopulations have been recently described as separate species (Tolley et al. 2022).

214766876,Bradypodion venustum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Bradypodion,venustum,,,,,"Tolley, Tilbury & Burger, 2022",This recently described species was previously considered as an isolated subpopulation of Bradypodion damaranum (Tolley et al. 2022). 145204374,Drobacia banatica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,HELICIDAE,Drobacia,banatica,,,,,"(Rossmässler, 1838)","Drobacia maeotica (Wenz, 1926) is now included as a synonym of D. banatica (B. Páll-Gergely pers. comm. 2019), however, this placement requires confirmation (T. Neubauer pers. comm. 2022).

MolluscaBase (2022) currently maintains Drobacia maeotica (Wenz, 1926) (as Paradrobacia maeotica (Wenz in Krejci & Wenz, 1926) as a valid but fossil species. According to Wenz, the species comes from Maeotian (late Miocene) layers. Harzhauser et al. (2018) considered that ""...the name Drobacia maeotica must be abandoned from lists of modern gastropod faunas.”

We retain Drobacia maeotica as a synonym here pending confirmation, but if Drobacia maeotica is a valid species, it is a fossil, and so not applicable for assessment.

Harzhauser and Neubauer (2021) preliminarily affiliated the species with genus Paradrobacia." 84455300,Casinycteris campomaanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,PTEROPODIDAE,Casinycteris,campomaanensis,,,,,"Hassanin, 2014",Casinycteris campomaanis was described from a new specimen collected in southwest Cameroon and replaced the Cameroon distribution of the previously recognized Scotonycteris ophidon (Hassanin 2014). It is recognized as a species by Simmons and Cirranello (2020). 64791019,Andinoacara pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,CICHLIDAE,Andinoacara,pulcher,,,,,"(Gill, 1858)","

Andinoacara pulcher has been the subject of considerable taxonomic research in recent years (Musilová et al. 2009a, 2009b, 2015; McCafferty et al. 2012). The distribution of A. pulcher considers the most recent understanding of the species concept, and includes populations in the cis-Andean Orinoco River drainage (including the island of Trinidad off the northern coast of Venezuela), the Maracaibo drainage on the Atlantic versant of Venezuela, and the upper Magdalena River drainage in northern Colombia (Musilová et al. 2015). However, these subpopulations are not monophyletic, suggesting that the current species concept may contain cryptic diversity that is unrecognized at the specific level. Additional research using larger sample sizes and varying genomic markers may warrant reassessment (Musilová et al. 2015).

" 149105786,Brycon behreae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,BRYCONIDAE,Brycon,behreae,,,,,"Hildebrand, 1938", 190552225,Cyphocharax muyrakytan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CHARACIFORMES,CURIMATIDAE,Cyphocharax,muyrakytan,,,,,"Bortolo, Lima & Melo, 2018", 15955,Panthera tigris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CARNIVORA,FELIDAE,Panthera,tigris,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

The intraspecific taxonomy of the Tiger (Panthera tigris) has been recently debated due to inconsistent results from various methodologies (Luo et al. 2004, Wilting et al. 2015, Kitchener et al. 2017, Liu et al. 2018). Luo et al. (2004) identify six subspecies on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) while Wilting et al. (2015) classified Tigers into two subspecies based on data sets of several traits [morphological (craniodental and pelage), ecological, molecular]. These inconsistencies were partly attributed to the lack of genetic samples across the Tiger range. However, Liu et al. (2018) used whole-genome sequencing analyses from 32 voucher specimens that resolve six statistically robust monophyletic clades. The higher resolution of data obtained from nuclear genomes highlights little admixture and gene flow between the six subspecies. Nevertheless, there is incomplete congruence between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA results for P. t. amoyensis, suggesting the inclusion of more samples in future analysis to confirm its relationship with P. t. jacksoni.

Liu et al. (2018) concluded that six extant subspecies exist based on genome-wide analysis:

  • Amur Tiger (P. t. altaica): Russian Far East and northeastern China.
  • Northern Indochinese Tiger (P. t. corbetti): Indochina north of the Malayan Peninsula.
  • Malayan Tiger (P. t. jacksoni): Peninsular Malaysia.
  • Sumatran Tiger (P. t. sumatrae): Sumatra.
  • Bengal Tiger (P. t. tigris): Indian sub-continent.
  • South China Tiger (P. t. amoyensis), although this subspecies has not been directly observed in the wild since the 1970s and is possibly extinct.


Three subspecies previously recognised based on morphology are extinct:

  • Bali Tiger (P. t. balica Schwarz, 1912): Bal.
  • Javan Tiger (P. t. sondaica (Temminck, 1844)): Java.
  • Caspian Tiger (P. t. virgata (Illiger, 1815)): dry river valleys of the Takla Makan, western slopes of the Tianshan mountains, Amudarya and Syrdarya river valleys, shores of the Caspian Sea, Elburz mountains, eastern Turkey, Tigris and Euphrates River valleys.


However, given the varied interpretations of existing data, the taxonomy of this species is currently under review by the IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group.

" 4233,Chlorocebus aethiops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Chlorocebus,aethiops,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","

Originally, this assessment followed the arrangement of Napier (1981), as adopted by Grubb et al. (2003), because of the continuing uncertainty about the boundaries between the nominal species. Chlorocebus aethiops is, however, here treated as a superspecies with each of the subspecies raised to specific status, with further variations within each of these recognised as subspecies. Grubb et al. (2003) retained this species in Cercopithecus, but it is here placed in Chlorocebus following several authorities, including Groves (2001, 2005), Butynski and Kingdon (2013), Groves and Kingdon (2013), Wallis (2013), and Gippoliti (2018).

Several authors note that the taxonomy and biogeography of Chlorocebus in Ethiopia is particularly complex and in need of much more field, museum, and molecular research in order to attain resolution (Pocock 1907, Elliot 1913, Schwarz 1926, Dorst and Dandelot 1970, de Beaux 1943, Lernould 1988, Haus et al. 2013, Gippoliti 2018). Chlorocebus aethiops is considered a monotypic species by some authorities (Groves 2001, 2005, Grubb et al. 2003, Wallis 2013) and polytypic by others (Schwarz 1926, Dorst and Dandelot 1970, Dandelot and Prévost 1972, Dandelot 1974, Napier 1981, Lernould 1988, Butynski and Kingdon 2013, Kingdon 2015). Two subspecies are recognised here; common grivet monkey C. a. aethiops and Matschie’s grivet monkey C. a. matschiei.

" 159221,Cerophytum elateroides,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,COLEOPTERA,CEROPHYTIDAE,Cerophytum,elateroides,,,,,"Latreille, 1804", 41573,Microcebus berthae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CHEIROGALEIDAE,Microcebus,berthae,,,,,"Rasoloarison, Goodman & Ganzhorn, 2000","Microcebus berthae is the name given to the diminutive Rufous-colored Mouse Lemur from Kirindy/CFPF, originally called M. myoxinus by Schmid and Kappeler (1994)." 39801,Presbytis femoralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Presbytis,femoralis,,,,,"(Martin, 1838)","Presbytis femoralis formerly was regarded as a subspecies of P. melalophos (Thorington and Groves 1970, Medway 1983, Napier 1985, Oates et al. 1994), but later was recognized as a species with three subspecies: P. f. femoralis, P. f. percura and P. f. robinsoni (Groves 2001, Meyer et al. 2011, Groves and Roos 2013, Roos et al. 2014).

Genetic data suggested that at least P. f. femoralis and P. f. robinsoni were different species (Ang 2010, Nijman 2019), which also agreed with their morphological characters. However, resolving all subspecies-level boundaries within banded langurs required data for P. f. percura, which was the least studied and only found in the Riau Province in Sumatra (Rizaldi et al. 2019). Complete mitochondrial genomes were later obtained for P. f. percura in the wild, and based on multiple species delimitation algorithms (PTP, ABGD, Objective Clustering) applied to a dataset covering 40 species and 43 subspecies of Asian colobines, all three subspecies of banded langurs were resurrected to species (Ang et al. 2020).

Presbytis femoralis was described by Martin (1838) based on specimens collected by Raffles (1821) from Singapore. However, Martin (1838) gave the distribution as ""Sumatra etc."", not mentioning Singapore explicitly, resulting in some confusion over the actual type locality (Miller 1934, Low and Lim 2015). Miller (1934) determined Singapore as the actual type locality, and the secretariat of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature confirmed the authorship of P. femoralis as Martin, the year of publication as 1838, and the type locality as Singapore (Low and Lim 2015).

Presbytis femoralis is uniform black on the dorsum with a white band traversing down the chest and abdomen, the inside of the humeri from the axilla, and the inside of the thighs (Raffles 1821, Martin 1838, Groves 2001). In contrast to the adult pelage, infants are born with a white coat with a broad black band from the head, along the spine, to the tail, and intersected by a black band passing along the shoulders to the outer surfaces of both forearms, forming a distinctive cruciform (cross-like) black pattern on the dorsum. A faint black line runs from the dark spinal stripe along the hind legs to the feet. The crown and facial hair are completely white from the frontal view. The forehead is slightly dark compared to the pale colour of the face (Pocock 1928, Ang et al. 2010)." 6727,Hystricella echinulata,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,GEOMITRIDAE,Hystricella,echinulata,,,,,"(R.T. Lowe, 1831)", 215164369,Kinosternon vogti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,KINOSTERNIDAE,Kinosternon,vogti,,,,,"López-Luna, Cupul-Magaña, Escobedo-Galván, González-Hernández, Centenero-Alcalá, Rangel-Mendoza, Ramírez-Ramírez & Cazares-Hernández, 2018","López-Luna et al. (2018, 2021) described and characterized this range-restricted mud turtle (Kinosternon vogti) from the coastal Bahía de Banderas region of Jalisco, Mexico. Based on morphologic and genetic analysis it is most closely related to K. cora, K. chimalhuaca and K. hirtipes." 156812,Azorivitrina angulosa,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Azorivitrina,angulosa,,,,,"(Morelet, 1860)",This group was revised in Mordan and Frias Martins (2001). 156487,Azorivitrina pelagica,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,VITRINIDAE,Azorivitrina,pelagica,,,,,"(A. Morelet, 1860)",The group was revised in Mordan and Frias Martins (2001). 156476,Napaeus alabastrinus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,alabastrinus,,,,,"Frias Martins, 1989","Morelet’s (1860:179) Bulimus pruninus variety ξ alabastrinus was raised to specific status by Martins (1989) and restricted to Terceira Island. Recorded from Pico Island by Nobre (1924) as Bulimus pruninus; unpublished molecular research has shown the specimens from Pico Island to be conspecific with those from Terceira." 157053,Napaeus atlanticus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,atlanticus,,,,,"(L. Pfeiffer, 1853)", 157097,Napaeus hartungi,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,hartungi,,,,,"(Morelet & Drouët, 1857)","Morelet and Drouët’s (1857) original description does not mention type locality, so “The Azores” is currently accepted. However, Morelet (1860:190) states that this species is found on Santa Maria only, and the provenance of the type material confirms it, thus enabling the restriction of the type locality to this island." 156610,Napaeus pruninus,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,STYLOMMATOPHORA,ENIDAE,Napaeus,pruninus,,,,,"(A.A. Gould, 1847)","The type locality, stated originally as ""probably belonging to South America"", was restricted to São Miguel island, Azores (Martins 1989). Lectotype (inadvertently selected by R. I. Johnson 1964, Bull. United States nat. Mus., 239: 38 as the ""figured holotype"") USNM 5485 (Bank et al. 2002).

The species is very variable, the shell and the anatomy resembling sometimes either N. alabastrinus or N. tremulans. It appears also to be some introgression with N. vulgaris, already pointed out by Morelet (1860). The taxon is currently under revision, but here N. pruninus is taken in its currently accepted form." 70330181,Plecturocebus vieirai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Plecturocebus,vieirai,,,,,"(Gualda-Barros, Nascimento & Amaral, 2012)","Considering molecular, morphological and biogeographic evidence, Byrne et al. (2016) proposed new genus-level systematics for the former arrangement of Callicebus species from Hershkovitz (1990): Cheracebus Byrne et al. 2016 genus for the species in the Orinoco, Negro and upper Amazon basins; Callicebus Thomas, 1903 genus for the species in the Atlantic Forest; and Plecturocebus Byrne et al. 2016 genus for the species in the Amazon basin and Chaco.

Plecturocebus vieirai was described in 2012 from three localities in Pará State, Brazil (type locality: Renato River, a tributary of the right bank of the Teles Pires river, near the city of Cláudia, Mato Grosso; 11° 33' 00.15"" S, 55° 10' 59.98"" W) (Gualda-Barros et al. 2012), in an area formerly attributed to P. moloch sensu Hershkovitz (1990). The Vieira’s titi monkey is currently known to occur west of the Xingu River, east of the Iriri and Teles Pires rivers, southward to the headwaters of the Xingu and Teles Pires rivers, until the border between Amazonia–Cerrado biomes (Costa-Araújo et al. in press), and it is sister taxon to P. moloch (Boubli et al. 2019).

" 12555,Macaca nemestrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,nemestrina,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1766)","This taxon was formerly treated as a subspecies of the Macaca nemestrina group, which comprised M. n. nemestrina, M. n. leonina, and M. n. pagensis (Fooden 1975, Rosenblum et al. 1997).

The boundary zone between M. leonina and M. nemestrina is not well defined and lies at the Surat Thani-Krabi depression (8-9°30'N) where ranges overlap and hybridization is likely to occur (Malaivijitnond et al. 2012). Formerly, there were reports of hybridization with M. leonina in a small area in southern mainland Thailand and on the islands of Phuket and Yao Yai (Fooden 1975, in Groves 2001), however more recent reports do not provide conclusive evidence of presence of a M. nemestrina population on Phuket (iNaturalist 2022, S. Malaivijitnond, pers. comm.). Hybridization of M. nemestrina with M. fascicularis also occurs in Sepilok, Sabah (Gilhooly et al. 2021) and is occasionally observed in other parts of Malaysia (N. Ruppert, pers. obs.).

Molecular clock analysis suggests that M. nemestrina arrived in the Malay Peninsula about 0.32 million years ago; and the Bornean populations are suggested to be the first extant lineages to have separated from the other examined lineages of M. nemestrina, M. leonina, M. pagensis, and M. siberu in Southeast Asia (Abdul-Latiff and Md-Zain 2021).

The population from Perak (west Peninsular Malaysia) is reported to differ genetically from other extant populations based on phylogenetic and population genetic analyses, indicating a possible subspecies distributed in the state of Perak (Abdul-Latiff and Md-Zain 2021)." 58052,Pelobates cultripes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,PELOBATIDAE,Pelobates,cultripes,,,,,"(Cuvier, 1829)", 215482954,Plecotus teneriffae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CHIROPTERA,VESPERTILIONIDAE,Plecotus,teneriffae,,,,,"Barret-Hamilton, 1907","The taxonomic status of the species was confirmed by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). There are no significant genetic differences between populations on the different islands (Juste et al. 2004).

Here we refer to P. teneriffae as the population on the Canaries. Northwest African populations previously assigned to teneriffae are currently included in kolombatovici, and Balkan populations are assigned to austriacus." 61404,Diplobatis picta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,CHONDRICHTHYES,TORPEDINIFORMES,NARCINIDAE,Diplobatis,picta,,,,,"Palmer, 1950", 58692,Pelophylax perezi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Pelophylax,perezi,,,,,"(López-Seoane, 1885)", 58605,Rana graeca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,graeca,,,,,"Boulenger, 1891", 58624,Rana italica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,italica,,,,,"Dubois, 1987",This species was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Rana graeca. 19156,Rana latastei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,latastei,,,,,"Boulenger, 1879", 136366,Sapajus cay,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CEBIDAE,Sapajus,cay,,,,,"(Illiger, 1815)","As early as in the 1980s, taxonomic research on the ‘races’ of the genus Cebus confirmed the hypothesis that variations in the size and morphology of the tufted capuchins, could serve as important systematic and taxonomic criteria for intra-generic and intraspecific classification (Torres de Assumpção 1983, 1986; Torres 1988).

Further studies completed in the last two decades have confirmed this hypothesis. According to Wallace (2008), Silva Jr. (2001, 2002) argued that the tufted and the untufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) are so distinct in their morphology that they should be considered a two separate genera, Cebus Erxleben, 1777 for the untufted group, and Sapajus Kerr, 1792 for the tufted capuchins.

Here, the taxonomy of the tufted capuchins (sensu Hershkovitz 1949, 1955) follows Silva Jr. (2001), who did not recognize any subspecific forms. Groves (2001, 2005) presented an alternative taxonomy for the tufted capuchins as follows: C. apella apella (Linnaeus, 1758); C. apella fatuellus (Linnaeus, 1766); C. apella macrocephalus Spix, 1823; C. apella peruanus Thomas, 1901; C. apella tocantinus Lönnberg, 1939; C. apella margaritae Hollister, 1914; C. libidinosus libidinosus Spix, 1823; C. libidinosus pallidus Gray, 1866; C. libidinosus paraguayanus Fischer, 1829; C. libidinosus juruanus Lönnberg, 1939; C. nigritus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809); C. nigritus robustus Kuhl, 1820; C. nigritus cucullatus Spix, 1823; C. xanthosternos Wied-Neuwied, 1826 (see also Fragaszy et al. 2004; Rylands et al. 2005). In this aseessment C. libidinosus paraguayanus Fischer, 1829, also listed by Groves (2001) is referred to as Cebus cay following Silva Jr. (2001).

The latest information resulting from genetic studies (Lynch Alfaro et al. 2012a, 2012b) on the species of the genus Cebus confirmed the separation between tufted (robust) capuchins, and untufted (gracile) capuchins. Lynch Alfaro et al. (2012a, 2012b) thus consolidated the separation into two genera (Sapajus and Cebus) suggested earlier by Silva Jr. (2001).

This assessment follows the taxonomy proposed by Rylands (2012) and Lynch Alfaro et al. (2012a, 2012b), which present the nomenclature for nine tufted capuchin monkeys: genus Sapajus (S. apella, S. macrocephalus, S. libidinosus, S. cay, S. flavius, S. nigritus nigritus, S. nigritus cucullatus, S. robustus and S. xanthosternos).  However, more recent studies that included genetic samples of S. cay from Paraguay and Brazil showed that S. cay formed a clade with S. apella and S. macrocephalus from the southwestern Amazon, to the exclusion of S. apella and S. macrocephalus from the northern Amazon (Lima et al. 2018), and that S. cay from Paraguay and southern Mato Grosso state, Brazil were genetically allied with S. apella from Rondônia state, Brazil by the Bolivian border, while S. cay from Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso formed a clade with S. apella from Alta Floresta, also in Mato Grosso state, Brazil (Lima et al. 2017). Additionally, Nieves et al. (2021) have shown that captive S. cay in facilities in Argentina show three distinct morphotypes, and that these morphotypes have a distinct geographic pattern and are related to genetic and karyotypic differences. The S. cay individuals with provenance from northwest Argentina and Bolivia were distinctively different from eastern Argentinean S. cay, and more studies are needed to better understand the diversity within this taxon (Nieves et al. 2021)." 19595,Rhinopithecus brelichi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Rhinopithecus,brelichi,,,,,"(Thomas, 1903)","Rhinopithecus brelichi was formerly considered a subspecies of Rhinopithecus roxellana, but is now accepted as specifically distinct (Groves 2001)." 161329231,Pseudonympha paragaika,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,LEPIDOPTERA,NYMPHALIDAE,Pseudonympha,paragaika,,,,,"Vári, 1971 ",There are no notable issues. 10714,Hypogeomys antimena,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,NESOMYIDAE,Hypogeomys,antimena,,,,,"A. Grandidier, 1869","A second species of Hypogeomys is known from the subfossil record. Hypogeomys australis was still extant 4,400 years ago, and once occurred from southeastern Madagascar north to at least the Antsirabe region (Goodman and Rakotondravony 1996)." 199817,Saara hardwickii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Saara,hardwickii,,,,,"(Gray, 1827)", 137516649,Diplodus levantinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,PERCIFORMES,SPARIDAE,Diplodus,levantinus,,,,,"Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2016",Diplodus levantinus replaces D. sargus in Israel (Fricke et al. 2016). There is no genetic information clarifying its relationship to the D. sargus species group. 22719011,Ploceus megarhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,PLOCEIDAE,Ploceus,megarhynchus,,,,,"Hume, 1869", 22704002,Microptilotis vicina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,MELIPHAGIDAE,Microptilotis,vicina,,,,,"(Rothschild & Hartert, 1912)",

Microptilotis vicina (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Meliphaga vicina.

 

181767865,Aplonis metallica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,STURNIDAE,Aplonis,metallica,,,,,"(Temminck, 1824)","Aplonis metallica and A. circumscripta (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) have been split from Aplonis metallica (del Hoyo and Collar 2016), after an assessment of 24 specimens in four museums and literature review (Collar 2018). 

A. circumscripta is consistently diagnosed from metallica by its (1) short-feathered clear-cut inverted-U-shaped purple chin-patch, (2) large purple mantle-patch and correspondingly very narrow green hind-collar, and (3) average shorter bill and wings but, in males, notably longer central rectrices, strongly indicating that species rank is indeed appropriate for the taxon, for which the vernacular name Purple-chinned Starling is proposed." 22691071,Alopecoenas canifrons,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Alopecoenas,canifrons,,,,,"(Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872)",Alopecoenas canifrons (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Gallicolumba. 22714282,Cleptornis marchei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ZOSTEROPIDAE,Cleptornis,marchei,,,,,"(Oustalet, 1889)", 22706279,Cracticus louisiadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PASSERIFORMES,ARTAMIDAE,Cracticus,louisiadensis,,,,,"Tristram, 1889", 22695605,Accipiter brachyurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Accipiter,brachyurus,,,,,"(Ramsay, 1879)", 22728514,Megapodius geelvinkianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,geelvinkianus,,,,,"Meyer, 1874", 22691680,Ducula rubricera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,rubricera,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1854)", 22684198,Centropus violaceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,CUCULIFORMES,CUCULIDAE,Centropus,violaceus,,,,,"Quoy & Gaimard, 1830", 22685410,Loriculus tener,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Loriculus,tener,,,,,"Sclater, 1877", 22728429,Cacatua ophthalmica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,CACATUIDAE,Cacatua,ophthalmica,,,,,"Sclater, 1864", 22678620,Megapodius laperouse,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,GALLIFORMES,MEGAPODIIDAE,Megapodius,laperouse,,,,,"Gaimard, 1823", 22726273,Otidiphaps insularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Otidiphaps,insularis,,,,,"Salvin & Godman, 1883","Otidiphaps nobilis, O. aruensis, O. cervicalis and O. insularis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as O. nobilis following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)." 22691828,Ducula subflavescens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,subflavescens,,,,,"(Finsch, 1886)", 22684564,Trichoglossus rubiginosus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,PSITTACIFORMES,PSITTACIDAE,Trichoglossus,rubiginosus,,,,,"(Bonaparte, 1850)", 22691663,Ducula oceanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,COLUMBIFORMES,COLUMBIDAE,Ducula,oceanica,,,,,"(Lesson & Garnot, 1826)", 22695097,Haliaeetus leucogaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AVES,ACCIPITRIFORMES,ACCIPITRIDAE,Haliaeetus,leucogaster,,,,,"(Gmelin, 1788)", 166066,Cyprinus multitaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,ACTINOPTERYGII,CYPRINIFORMES,CYPRINIDAE,Cyprinus,multitaeniatus,,,,,"Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936","Further work is required to confirm the taxonomic status of this species." 58622,Rana iberica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,RANIDAE,Rana,iberica,,,,,"Boulenger, 1879", 188930,Aenigmomphiscola europaea,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,HYGROPHILA,LYMNAEIDAE,Aenigmomphiscola,europaea,,,,,"Kruglov & Starobogatov, 1981", 155900,Valvata studeri,ANIMALIA,MOLLUSCA,GASTROPODA,ALLOGASTROPODA,VALVATIDAE,Valvata,studeri,,,,,"Boeters & Falkner, 1998","This species was recently renamed by Boeters and Falkner (1998), as the species name Valvata pulchella Studer, 1820 is invalid and these authors have described this species as Valvata studeri Boeters & Falkner, 1998." 47113126,Anguis fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Anguis,fragilis,,,,,"Linnaeus, 1758","Based on a fragment of mitochondrial DNA and two nuclear protein-coding loci Gvoždic et al. (2010) suggested that Anguis fragilis is a species complex comprised of at least four species in Europe. Gvoždík et al. (2013) subsequently split A. fragilis into five species on genetic grounds. This arrangement has been accepted (Speybroeck et al. 2016), although morphological differences remain to be fully characterized (Uetz et al. 2019)." 153567,Bufotes balearicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,AMPHIBIA,ANURA,BUFONIDAE,Bufotes,balearicus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1880)",Formerly included in Bufo viridis. In the Fauna d'Italia (Lanza et al. 2007) this species is listed under the name Bufo lineatus. The Bufo viridis group is now treated under Bufotes. 92332716,Sicista trizona,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,trizona,,,,,"(Frivaldszky, 1865)", 110500058,Sicista loriger,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,DIPODIDAE,Sicista,loriger,,,,,"(Nathusius, 1840)","The species was described as Sminthus loriger Nathusius in Nordmann, 1840, but for a long time was considered as subspecies of Sicista subtilis sensu lato (Sicista subtilis nordmanni). Now this taxon elevated to species level following Zagorodniuk and Selyunina (2009) and Cserkész et al. (2016).

Sicista nordmanni (Keyserling & Blasius, 1840) is synonym as it was pointed at by Chaworth-Musters (1934). Nomenclature was revised by Zagorodniuk (2009), and current name “Sminthus loriger Nathusius in Nordmann, 1840” listed as synonym of “Sicista nordmanni Keyserling et Blasius, 1840. Sicista loriger is geographically separated from Sicista subtilis s. str. (Zagorodniuk 2011)." 97250195,Spalax antiquus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,antiquus,,,,,"Méhely, 1909","For a long time, the westernmost representatives of the genus Spalax were identified as a single species, Spalax graecus. According to the recent studies (Németh et al. 2013, Csorba et al. 2015) the three known subpopulations, separated by the Carpathian Mountains, represent separate species which can be assigned to described taxa. One of them is Spalax antiquus Méhely’s Blind Mole-rat. The separation of Méhely’s Blind Mole-rat as a distinct species is highly supported by the combined evidences of morphology, multilocus phylogeny, biogeographical evidences and species congruence with past tectonic and climatic events (Németh et al. 2013)." 97249856,Spalax graecus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,graecus,,,,,"Nehring, 1898","Spalax antiquus and S. istricus were previously considered to be synonyms of S. graecus, however they are now recognised as separate species.  " 97250154,Spalax istricus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,RODENTIA,SPALACIDAE,Spalax,istricus,,,,,"Méhely, 1909","Spalax istricus was previously listed as a subspecies of S. graecus but has since been recognized as a separate species due to recent molecular genetic and detailed morphological studies (Németh et al. 2013).

The three known subpopulations, separated by the Carpathian Mountains, can be regarded as separate species, and assigned to already described taxa, this includes the Oltenia Blind Mole-rat." 44979732,Leptotyphlops conjunctus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,conjunctus,,,,,"(Jan, 1861)","The clade to which this species belongs (which includes Leptotyphlops scutifrons, L. conjunctus and L. incognitus) has a convoluted taxonomic history which is only now being unravelled with the use of phylogenetic analyses (Adalsteinsson et al. 2009, Busschau et al. 2020). Although initially treated as a full species by Broadley and Watson (1976), most subsequent authors have treated it as a subspecies of L. scutifrons (Branch 1998, Broadley and Broadley 1999, Broadley and Wallach 2009), although Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) again treated it as a full species in a subsequent phylogenetic study of the group. Records from the Congo region originally assigned to this species were later re-assigned to either L. scutifrons or Namibiana latirostris (Broadley and Broadley 1999). Recent phylogenetic analyses indicate that this species is paraphyletic, with at least three clades that are not sister groups, with divergences dating between 17–23 million years ago. Of these, the clade that occurs in the interior Eastern Cape Province of South Africa can be considered L. conjunctus (sensu stricto), given that the original type locality of ‘Cape of Good Hope’ has been restricted to the Eastern Cape Province (Broadley and Watson 1976). Such a treatment would render two clades unassigned to any species. Until such time that the relevant taxonomic changes can be made, these latter clades are included within L. conjunctus (sensu lato)." 196893,Afroedura major,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Afroedura,major,,,,,"Onderstall, 1984","

Described by Onderstall (1984) as a subspecies of Afroedura pondolia. The taxon's specific status was first recognized by Branch (1998) and this has been followed by most subsequent authors (Monadjem et al. 2003, Boycott et al. 2007, Jacobsen et al. 2014).


" 196946,Pachydactylus purcelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pachydactylus,purcelli,,,,,"Boulenger, 1910","Until recently, this taxon was treated as a subspecies of Pachydactylus serval based on the work of McLachlan and Spence (1966). The P. serval species complex was recently revised and elevated to species status (Bauer et al. 2006). Several literature references to P. serval in South Africa are actually based on P. purcelli. Adults are very similar to those of the closely related P. serval and P. montanus, and the identity of specimens from areas of sympatry or near-sympatry (both sides of the Orange River between Goodhouse and Kakamas, and the Karasberg Mountains in Namibia) must be carefully checked." 196988,Nucras caesicaudata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Nucras,caesicaudata,,,,,"Broadley, 1972", 44979917,Leptotyphlops telloi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,telloi,,,,,"Broadley & Watson, 1976",The taxonomic validity of this species and its relationship to other populations in the Leptotyphlops scutifrons/conjunctus complex requires further study. 13300462,Psammophylax rhombeatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Psammophylax,rhombeatus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)", 110230048,Acontias parietalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Acontias,parietalis,,,,,"(Broadley, 1990)","Originally described as Typhlosaurus aurantiacus parietalis, subsequently transferred to Acontias by Lamb et al. (2010). All five subspecies of Acontias aurantiacus recognized by Broadley (1968, 1990) may represent valid species (Pietersen et al. 2018). Pietersen et al. (2018) elevated A. parietalis and A. fitzsimonsi to specific status. Although KwaZulu-Natal populations of this species have been referred to A. a. aurantiacus (e.g. Branch 1998), Broadley (1990) clarified that these, along with specimens from Inhaca Island, Mozambique, were referable to A. parietalis, with the former taxon restricted to southern coastal Mozambique." 200989962,Boaedon mentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Boaedon,mentalis,,,,,"Günther, 1888","

Günther (1888) described Boaedon mentalis based on a single specimen from “Damara Land”, but the type locality appears to be in error (see Hallermann et al. 2020). Most authors regarded it as a subspecies of B. fuliginosus and subsequently B. capensis (Bogert 1940; Rose 1950; Loveridge 1957; FitzSimons 1962, 1966; Buys and Buys 1983; Chippaux 2006). However, Vidal et al. (2008) showed that B. mentalis is a sister clade to a larger clade comprising B. fuliginosus, B. lineatus, B. olivaceus and B. capensis, supporting the revalidation of the taxon as a full species. Based on a recent molecular phylogeny supported by morphological differences, B. mentalis was reinstated as a full species and two distinct genetic clades were identified, one from southern Angola and northern Namibia, and the other from southern Namibia and north-western South Africa (Hallermann et al. 2020). Individuals in the south of the range have two different colour patterns, plain and striped morphs, and these appear to co-occur. 

" 19771,Rupicapra pyrenaica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,CETARTIODACTYLA,BOVIDAE,Rupicapra,pyrenaica,,,,,"Bonaparte, 1845", 174391079,Erythrocebus patas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Erythrocebus,patas,,,,,"(Schreber, 1774)","Schwarz (1927) placed all the currently recognised Patas Monkeys as subspecies of Erythrocebus patas (Schreber, 1775). Napier and Napier (1967) listed the Patas Monkey as comprising one species, with four subspecies: E. p. patas (Schreber, 1775), E. p. pyrrhonotus (Hemprich and Erhenberg, 1829), E. p. baumstarki Matschie, 1906, and E. p. villiersi Dekeyser, 1950. Verheyen (1962), Dandelot (1968, 1974), and Kingdon (1971, 1997) also recognised these four subspecies, but listed Erythrocebus as a subgenus of Cercopithecus. This was, based, evidently, on the indication of paraphyly with such species as Grivet Monkey Chlorocebus aethiops, Vervet Monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus, and l'Hoest’s Monkey Allochrocebus lhoesti that were, at that time, all considered members of the genus Cercopithecus (Disotell 2000). This was resolved by the reinstatement of the genus Chlorocebus Gray, 1870, for the Grivet, Vervet, and other species of Savanna Monkeys, and the genus Allochrocebus Elliot, 1913, for l’Hoest’s Monkey and other species of Mountain Monkeys.

Grubb et al. (2003) recorded that Schwarz (1927) revised the systematics of the Patas Monkey and recognised three subspecies (those cited above except for E. p. villiersi, from the Aïr Massif, central northern Niger). They concluded these subspecies “do not appear to be well-founded, so further research into their status is needed” (p.1328), and listed them as synonyms of E. patas. Groves (2001, 2005) cited Loy (1987) as showing that the colours of the face and nose change during pregnancy and, believing that this covered “at least some of the supposed subspecific variation” (p.199), listed the subspecies as junior synonyms of a monotypic E. patas, as did Kingdon et al. (2008). Isbell (2013) pointed out, however, that, while Loy (1974) believed that the captive Patas in his care were from Ethiopia (corresponding to the range then believed to be of E. p. pyrrhonotus), Goldman and Loy (1997, J. Loy. pers. comm. in Isbell 2013) subsequently reported they were, in fact, from Nigeria (corresponding to the range of E. p. patas). Isbell et al. (2009) found that the facial colour of female E. p. pyrrhonotus in Kenya does not change with reproductive status, and the nose remains white once they are adult, distinguishing them from the black-nosed E. p. patas and E. p. baumstarki.

Isbell (1998, 2013) recognised E. p. pyrrhonotus (Eastern Patas) as occurring in Kenya, as did De Jong et al. (2008) who recorded its range as central and eastern Africa (South Sudan, southeastern Sudan, northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo, western Ethiopia and northern Uganda), including western, northwestern, southern and central Kenya. De Jong et al. (2009), Isbell (2013), and De Jong and Butynski (2021) recognised E. p. baumstarki (Southern Patas) as endangered and endemic to central northern Tanzania. Kingdon (1997) referred to baumstarki as a “pallid Serengeti isolate” (p.57).

Isbell (2013) considered E. p. villiersi to be a synonym of E. p. patas, because the only difference from E. p. patas is said to be body size, which is “heavily influenced by environmental conditions” (p.257). Erythrocebus p. villiersi appears to be isolated.

In a review of the taxonomy of Erythrocebus, Gippoliti (2017) insisted that the diversity of the wide-spread Patas Monkeys was underestimated. He resurrected E. poliophaeus (Heuglin in Reichenbach, 1863) from western Ethiopia and adjoining Sudan along the Blue Nile. Groves (2001, 2005) considered poliophaeus to be a synonym of Erythrocebus patas. Adopting the ‘Phylogenetic Species Concept’, Gippoliti (2017) recommended that poliophaeus, baumstarki, and pyrrhonotus be reinstated as species, with pyrrhonotus having two subspecies, the nominate form and formosus Elliot, 1909, this latter from southwestern Ethiopia, Uganda, and, presumably, southeastern South Sudan. Erythrocebus poliophaeus is within the range formerly ascribed to E. p. pyrrhonotus.

Erythrocebus baumstarki was described by Matschei (1906) as a species (type locality: Ikoma, western Serengeti) endemic to Tanzania. Subsequently, baumstarki was treated as either a subspecies or synonym of E. patas (e.g., Allen 1939, Groves 2005, Grubb et al. 2003, Isbell 2013, Schwarz 1927). The distance between the nearest confirmed record for baumstarki (northern Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, G. Schaller pers. comm., Table 1 and number 15 in Figure 1 in De Jong et al. 2009) and nearest confirmed record for pyrrhonotus (Kiganjo, central Kenya, H. Doughles-Dufresne pers. comm., Table 3 and number 47 in Figure 2 in De Jong et al. 2008) is ca 260 km. The distance between these two species was, however, not nearly so great historically as there are records between these two localities for E. patas that have not been identified as subspecies (Figure 2 in De Jong et al. 2008). Based on its geographic isolation and the distinct colouration and pattern of its pelage (e.g., black nose, lack of a white moustache, and dark grey upper limbs, whereas pyrrhonotus has a white nose, white moustache, and lacks dark grey on the upper hind legs) baumstarki is here considered a species. This is in agreement with Gippoliti (2017). This species was extirpated from Kenya in about 2015.

In the previous Red List assessment (Kingdon et al. 2008), Erythrocebus was taken to be a monotypic genus and Erythrocebus patas was taken to be as a monotypic species. This assessment recognises three species in this genus (patas, poliophaeus, baumstarki), and three subspecies within E. patas (patas, pyrrhonotus, villiersi)." 44722,Loris lydekkerianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Loris,lydekkerianus,,,,,"Cabrera, 1908","Hill (1953) listed six subspecies of L. tardigradus. Groves (1989) recognized a single species of L. tardigradus with three “sharply distinct” subspecies in Sri Lanka and two in India (see Schulze and Meier 1995). In 1998, however, Groves argued for two species: the very small and narrow snouted monotypic red form (L. tardigradus) from the wet zone of Sri Lanka, and the larger grey or ashy form (L. lydekkerianus) in India (L. l. lydekkerianus and L. l. malabaricus) and Sri Lanka (L. l. grandis and L. l. nycticeboides). This taxonomy was followed in Groves (2001, 2005) and Brandon-Jones et al. (2004).

A phylogenetic analysis by Pozzi et al. (2015) and a morphological study by Gamage et al. (2017) also confirmed the validity of the two species. In 2004, Nekaris and Jaywardene showed that nycticeboides, also from the wet zone of Sri Lanka, is a subspecies of tardigradus, contra Groves (2001, 2005) and Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), who placed it as a subspecies of lydekkerianus. Groves (2001) was of the opinion that museum specimens of nordicus Hill, 1933, were indistinguishable from those of L. l. grandis and considered this form, therefore, to be a junior synonym (see Brandon-Jones et al. 2004). Nekaris and Bearder (2006), Nekaris (2003, 2013) and Gamage et al. (2017), however, argued for the validity of nordicus as a subspecies of L. lydekkerianus. Gamage et al. (2017) argued for the existence of a fifth subspecies in south-east Sri Lanka that was previously believed to be L. l. nordicus–L. l. uva, which they indicated may even be a distinct species. In 2017, therefore, L. lydekkerianus was believed to comprise five subspecies: L. l. lydekkerianus and L. l. malabaricus in India, and L. l. grandis, L. l. nycticeboides and L. l. uva in Sri Lanka. Gamage et al. (2019) subsequently carried out a phylogenetic analysis, which they believed largely confirmed their arrangement for the Sri Lankan forms." 39792,Macaca leonina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Macaca,leonina,,,,,"(Blyth, 1863)","Until relatively recently, this species was classified as a subspecies of Macaca nemestrina. There is some hybridization with M. nemestrina in a small area of southern peninsular Thailand, and on the  islands of Phuket and Yao Yai (Groves 2001).

Assigned to the nemestrina species group including M. nemestrina, M. leonina, M. silenus, M. pagensis. Restricted hybridization with M. nemestrina where their ranges are contiguous in peninsular Thailand. (Between 8° and 9°N) at the southern end of Isthmus of Kra." 21744,Theropithecus gelada,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Theropithecus,gelada,,,,,"(Rüppell, 1835)","Two subspecies have been traditionally accepted: T. g. gelada and T. g. obscurus (Grubb et al. 2003; Groves 2005). According to a preliminary review by Gippoliti (2010), the nominal form is limited to north of Lake Tana and west of the Takkazzé River, i.e. around the Simien Massif. Theropithecus gelada obscurus is found south of Lake Tana and east of the Takkazzé River. East of the Rift Valley in eastern Arsi, a genetically distinct and probably new taxon (T. gelada ssp. nov.) was discovered in 1990 (Belay and Mori 2006, Shotake et al. 2016). The Arsi Gelada has brighter and more golden-coloured hair than T. g. gelada and T. g. obscurus (Mori and Belay 1990, Gippoliti 2010, A. Mekonnen pers. obs. 2011). The Arsi Gelada also inhabits a drier habitat and occurs at lower altitudes (1,800–2,400 m asl) (Mori and Belay 1990, Abu et al. 2018) than Geladas elsewhere (Dunbar 1998, Beehner et al. 2007, Fashing et al. 2014)." 39874,Trachypithecus germaini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,CERCOPITHECIDAE,Trachypithecus,germaini,,,,,"(Milne-Edwards, 1876)","Until recently, the silvered langurs of Indochina were considered conspecific with the Sundaic Silvered Langur (Trachypithecus cristatus), which was thought to be widely distributed across parts on Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Viet Nam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. During the past few years, genetic analyses have supported the assignment of all non-Sundaic populations to the species T. germaini, and subsequently called for a further division of the Indochinese taxon into two species (Groves 2001, Nadler et al. 2005, Roos et al. 2008). The Indochinese populations occurring west of the Mekong River in Viet Nam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, and Myanmar have been  attributed to T. germaini, or the Indochinese Silvered Langur, while populations occurring east of the Mekong River in Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Lao PDR have been attributed to T. margarita, or the Annamese Silvered Langur (Hoang Minh Duc et al. 2012a, Nadler and Brockman 2014, Nadler et al. 2005, Roos et al. 2008, Roos et al. 2014). Recent data based on a study of populations separated by the Mekong River provide support for the species split but indicate that the Mekong, while limiting gene flow, is not an impermeable barrier (Moody 2018). Furthermore, this analysis revealed that a population in north-eastern Cambodia was distinguishable compared to other study populations, both west and east of the Mekong. This may be indicative of a species barrier farther east of the Mekong that extends into Viet Nam but additional sampling of populations in both Lao and Viet Nam are critical to better understanding the limits between these species (Moody 2018). Thus, taxonomic analyses should be expanded outside of Cambodia with the aim of clarifying the boundary between these taxa and the limits of their distribution." 41564,Cheracebus lucifer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cheracebus,lucifer,,,,,"Thomas, 1914","Byrne et al. 2016 have separated the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (Torquatus group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (Cupreus + moloch groups sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002 and Callicebus (personatus group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002).  According to Byrne et al. (2016), Cheracebus includes six species, C. torquatus, C. lugens, C. lucifer, C. purinus, C. regulus and C. medemi." 41563,Cheracebus lugens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cheracebus,lugens,,,,,"(Humboldt, 1811)","Byrne et al. (2016) have separated the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (Torquatus group sensu Van Roosmalen et al 2002), Plecturocebus (Cupreus + moloch groups sensu Van Roosmalen et al. 2002) and Callicebus (personatus group, sensu Van Roosmalen et al. 2002).  According to Byrne et al. (2016) , Cheracebus includes six species, C. torquatus, C. lugens, C. lucifer, C. purinus, C. regulus and C. medemi. Simia lugens Humboldt, 1811, vicinity of San Fernando de Atabapo, at the confluence of the ríos Orinoco and Guaviare, Amazonas, Venezuela." 39944,Cheracebus medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cheracebus,medemi,,,,,"Hershkovitz, 1963","Byrne et al. 2016 have separated the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (Torquatus group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (Cupreus + moloch groups sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002 and Callicebus (personatus group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002). According to Byrne et al. (2016), Cheracebus includes six species, C. torquatus, C. lugens, C. lucifer, C. purinus, C. regulus and C. medemi." 41566,Cheracebus regulus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,PITHECIIDAE,Cheracebus,regulus,,,,,"Thomas, 1927","Byrne et al. 2016 have separated the genus Callicebus into three new genera, namely:  Cheracebus (Torquatus group sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002), Plecturocebus (Cupreus + moloch groups sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002 and Callicebus (personatus group, sensu Roosmalen et al. 2002).  According to Byrne et al. (2016), Cheracebus includes six species, C. torquatus, C. lugens, C. lucifer, C. purinus, C. regulus and C. medemi." 12375,Loris tardigradus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,MAMMALIA,PRIMATES,LORISIDAE,Loris,tardigradus,,,,,"(Linnaeus, 1758)","Hill (1953) listed six subspecies of Loris tardigradus. Groves (1989) recognized a single species, L. tardigradus, with three “sharply distinct” subspecies in Sri Lanka and two in India (see Schulze and Meier 1995). In 1998, however, Groves argued for two species: the very small and narrow snouted monotypic red form (L. tardigradus) from the wet zone of Sri Lanka, and the larger grey or ashy form (L. lydekkerianus) in India (two subspecies) and Sri Lanka (two subspecies). This taxonomy was followed in Groves (2001, 2005) and Brandon-Jones et al. (2004).

A phylogenetic analysis by Pozzi et al. (2015) and a morphological study by Gamage et al. (2017) also confirmed the validity of the two species. In 2004, Nekaris and Jaywardene showed that nycticeboides, also from the wet zone of Sri Lanka, is a subspecies of tardigradus, contra Groves (2001, 2005) and Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), who placed it as a subspecies of lydekkerianus. Gamage et al. (2017) argued that the slender loris from Mirigama, Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka was unique in its facial features, and cranial and post-cranial morphology, and distinct as such from L. t. tardigradus south of its range. They named it L. t. parvus. They also found evidence for a distinct, high-altitude (above 800 m) taxon in the southwestern wet zone in the Deniyaya-Rakwana mountains, which they declined to name pending more information. As such in 2017, L. tardigradus was believed to comprise three subspecies: L. t. tardigradus, L. t. nycticeboides, and L. t. parvus all from Sri Lanka. This is the taxonomy that is followed by the Primate Specialist Group.

Gamage et al. (2019) subsequently carried out a phylogenetic analysis, which they believed largely confirmed this arrangement for the Sri Lankan lorises, but this was shown to be insufficient by Nijman et al. (2020). As such, more robust genetic studies are needed." 75,Acanthochelys pallidipectoris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Acanthochelys,pallidipectoris,,,,,"(Freiberg, 1945)", 9017,Chelonoidis abingdonii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,abingdonii,,,,,"(Günther, 1877)","

The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra, as did several authors (Pritchard 1996; Caccone et al. 1999; Beheregaray et al. 2003; Fritz and Havas 2007; TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980; Fritts 1983; Ernst and Barbour 1989) and more recently several researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) have treated most of them as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. abingdonii as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments.

The name Testudo ephippium, athough widely applied to the Pinzón [Duncan Island] Tortoise in the past, was interpreted by Pritchard (1996) to possibly be based on a type specimen from Pinta, and therefore potentially a senior synonym of Testudo abingdonii, but this has not yet been determined genetically.

" 9020,Chelonoidis darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Chelonoidis,darwini,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1907)","

The previous Red List assessments for Galápagos tortoises treated the various allopatric island populations as subspecies of Chelonoidis nigra, as did several authors (Pritchard 1996, Caccone et al. 1999, Beheregaray et al. 2003, Fritz and Havas 2007, TTWG 2007, Rhodin et al. 2008). However, other authors have considered them as full species based on morphology (Bour 1980, Fritts 1983, Ernst and Barbour 1989) and more recently several researchers (Caccone et al. 2002; Russello et al. 2005, 2007; Poulakakis et al. 2008, 2012, 2015; Chiari et al. 2009) have treated most of them as full species based on congruent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation. This elevated species-level taxonomy has been largely accepted by TTWG (2009, 2014) and TEWG (2015) for most phylogenetic lineages of Galápagos tortoises. This Red List assessment therefore now treats C. darwini as a full species, rather than retaining its previous subspecies ranking from earlier Red List assessments.

" 14811,Carinascincus palfreymani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carinascincus,palfreymani,,,,,"(Rawlinson, 1974)", 17081,Mesoclemmys hogei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,CHELIDAE,Mesoclemmys,hogei,,,,,"(Mertens, 1967)", 21286,Tachygyia microlepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tachygyia,microlepis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 22151,Protobothrops cornutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,cornutus,,,,,"(M.A. Smith, 1930)", 29456,Tarentola albertschwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Tarentola,albertschwartzi,,,,,"Sprackland & Swinney, 1998", 62251,Gongylomorphus bojerii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Gongylomorphus,bojerii,,,,,"(Desjardin, 1831)", 64058,Rena humilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,humilis,,,,,"Baird & Girard, 1853", 64060,Rena myopica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rena,myopica,,,,,"(Garman, 1883)","Dixon and Vaughan (2003) examined morphological variation in 867 individuals of Mexican and US Leptotyphlops [now Rena] allied with L. dulcis and concluded that L. dissectus, L. dulcis, and L. myopicus (a Mexican species) should be regarded as distinct species. Formerly dissectus and myopicus were treated as subspecies of L. dulcis. Crother et al. (2003) adopted this taxonomic revision." 163449,Stigmochelys pardalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Stigmochelys,pardalis,,,,,"(Bell, 1828)","

There is debate over the existence of two subspecies. Loveridge and Williams (1957) originally recognized two subspecies: Geochelone pardalis babcocki (Loveridge, 1935) alongside Geochelone pardalis pardalis (Bell, 1828). Genetic analysis by Le et al. (2006) supported this view, however, the geographical origin of the specimens were largely unknown. A recent Africa-wide phylogeographic study (Fritz et al. 2010) argued that there is no basis for the recognition of Stigmochelys p. babcocki.

The phylogenetic placement of the species remains dynamic: after being placed in Geochelone by Loveridge and Williams (1957), it has subsequently been placed in Stigmochelys by Gerlach (2001), Centrochelys by Vetter (2002), and Psammobates by Le et al. (2006); consensus appears to have settled on Stigmochelys.

" 164584,Stenodactylus slevini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,slevini,,,,,"Haas, 1957", 164634,Heremites septemtaeniatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Heremites,septemtaeniatus,,,,,"(Reuss, 1834)","This taxon was previously included within Trachylepis auratus, as the subspecies T. a. septemtaeniatus and T. a. transcaucasicus. Following the validation of T. septemtaeniatus as a full species (Mausfeld and Schmitz 2003, Moravec et al. 2006) the western range limit of this species in Anatolia (where T. auratus also occurs) is in need of clarification. This account provisionally follows the distribution provided in Sindaco and Jeremčenko (2008).

Karin et al. (2016) now place this species in the genus Heremites." 164651,Scincus mitranus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincus,mitranus,,,,,"Anderson, 1871","Two subspecies have been described; the nominate subspecies, and S. mitranus muscatensis Murray, 1886. Scincus m. muscatensis was considered a synonym of S. mitranus mitranus by Gardner (2013) and Carranza et al. (2018)." 164699,Pseudoceramodactylus khobarensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Pseudoceramodactylus,khobarensis,,,,,"Haas, 1957", 169760,Calamaria gervaisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,gervaisi,,,,,"Duméril & Bibron, 1854","The taxonomy of this widespread island species - which has four nominal subspecies, one of which is dubious and the others of which have distributions correspond to recognized faunal regions - ""is in serious need of review"" (Leviton et al. 2018)." 169814,Lycodon ferroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lycodon,ferroni,,,,,"Lanza, 1999", 169826,Calamaria palavanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CALAMARIIDAE,Calamaria,palavanensis,,,,,"Inger & Marx, 1965", 169857,Hemibungarus calligaster,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Hemibungarus,calligaster,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1835)","There are three subspecies (Hemibungarus calligaster calligaster; H. c. gemianulis; H. c. macclungi) which may merit elevation to species level (R. Brown pers. comm. 2007). Although no formal taxonomic action has been taken, and the status of these remains to be formally resolved, the three taxa are treated as distinct in recent keys and checklists of Philippine snakes (Leviton et al. 2014, 2018).

Two specimens from the Bicol region of Luzon reported by Ross and Gonzales (1992) have not been assigned to subspecies, and research is need to clarify to which of the three currently recognized species these refer (Leviton et al. 2018)." 172618,Ophisops beddomei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ophisops,beddomei,,,,,"(Jerdon, 1870)","Ophisops beddomei was first described as Pseudophiops beddomei by Jerdon in 1870 from Brahmagherry Hills in Wayanad, and it was later allocated to the genus Ophisops Ménétries, 1832 (Smith 1935).


" 172682,Boiga wallachi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Boiga,wallachi,,,,,"Das, 1998","Boiga wallachi was described by Das in 1998 based on specimens collected from Nicobar Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (Das 1998)." 172832,Trachylepis comorensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,comorensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1854)"," Afro-Malagasy species within the genus Mabuya were recovered as a distinct clade by Mausfeld et al. (2002), who applied the generic name Euprepis to this group. Bauer (2003) found that this assignment was in error, as the name Euprepis was not available for Afro-Malagasy skinks, and resurrected Trachylepis for the clade. A more recent study with more extensive genetic sampling failed to recover this group (Carranza and Arnold 2003), although this research included few African and no Madagascan Trachylepis. Although Whiting et al. (2006) recovered a monophyletic Afro-Malagasy clade, these authors cautioned that their sampling was not sufficient to test genus boundaries, and pending resolution of relationships within Mabuya a number of authors prefer to retain the older nomenclature (Whiting et al. 2006, Rocha et al. 2010). Trachylepis is used here as the accepted genus name for these skinks among most African workers (A. Bauer pers. comm. May 2011).

Molecular evidence suggests that each of the four islands of the Comoros archipelago is home to a distinct lineage of Trachylepis comorensis, which may justify recognition as distinct species (Rocha et al. 2010). The same study found that T. maculilabris casuarinae from Ilha Casuarina (treated as a full species by Broadley 2000) belongs to the Moheli clade of T. comorensis. Genetic similarity between T. m. casuarinae and T. comorensis (based on specimens from Madagascar, also part of the Moheli clade) had previously been used to argue for synonymizing T. comorensis within T. maculabris (Carretero et al. 2005). However, although T. comorensis is nested within T. maculabris as presently-defined, Rocha et al. (2010) found that it represents a discrete monophyletic group that includes T. m. casuarinae. Given the long recognition of T. comorensis as a valid species, and because T. maculabris as presently-defined is a known species complex whose taxonomy is in need of revision (Rocha et al. 2010, Jesus et al. 2005), T. comorensis is treated here as a full species, encompassing the Ilha Casuarina form in addition to subpopulations from the Comoros and Madagascar." 172845,Phisalixella iarakaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Phisalixella,iarakaensis,,,,,"(Domergue, 1995)",The taxonomic validity of this species is uncertain (M. Vences pers. comm. January 2011). Stenophis iarakaensis was assigned to Phisalixella by Nagy et al. (2010). 172946,Phelsuma dubia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,dubia,,,,,"(Boettger, 1881)","The recently-described Phelsuma ravenala is genetically nested within populations presently assigned to P. dubia, and further research is needed to clarify the status of both taxa (Rocha et al. 2009). Most subpopulations along the east coast of Madagascar are provisionally considered to belong to P. ravenala (Raxworthy et al. 2007) The subpopulation from Antsalova is genetically distinct (Rocha et al. 2009)." 176188,Candoia bibroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Candoia,bibroni,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)", 183189,Chrysopelea paradisi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chrysopelea,paradisi,,,,,"H. Boie in F. Boie, 1827","Three subspecies are recognized: Chrysopelea. p. paradisi (the form represented throughout most of its range), C. p. celebensis (endemic to Sulawesi), and C. p. variabilis (endemic to the Philippines). This snake belongs to larger species complex which is need of taxonomic resolution." 183204,Oxyrhabdium modestum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYCLOCORIDAE,Oxyrhabdium,modestum,,,,,"(Duméril, 1853)", 190538,Pseudalsophis dorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudalsophis,dorsalis,,,,,"(Steindachner, 1876)","Zaher (1999) recognized Pseudalsophis dorsalis and P. occidentalis as species distinct from P. biserialis; this action, which was not in a paper primarily concerned with taxonomy, appears to have subsequently been neglected. However, the taxonomic action appears not to have been disputed and Zaher et al. (2009) listed all three taxa within the newly-erected genus Pseudalsophis without comment. This arrangement is consequently followed here." 190540,Pseudalsophis occidentalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Pseudalsophis,occidentalis,,,,,"(Van Denburgh, 1912)","Zaher (1999) recognized Pseudalsophis dorsalis and P. occidentalis as species distinct from P. biserialis; this action, which was not in a paper primarily concerned with taxonomy, appears to have subsequently been neglected. However, the taxonomic action appears not to have been disputed and Zaher et al. (2009) listed all three taxa within the newly-erected genusPseudalsophis without comment. This arrangement is consequently followed here." 190641,Azemiops feae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Azemiops,feae,,,,,"Boulenger, 1888","Orlov et al. (2013) described Azemiops kharini from Vietnamese subpopulations previously attributed to A. kharini. These authors redescribed A. feae, however, Teynié et al. (2017) observed that their redescription does not correspond to characters described by Boulenger in his original description.

The diagnostic characters distinguishing the two species have consequently been questioned by Teynié et al. (2017), who report that specimens from both Viet Nam (identified as A. kharini) and Lao PDR (as A. feae) exhibit characters intermediate between the two nominal species. A. kharini is nested within A. feae in the phylogeny of Li et al. (2020), and for the purposes of this assessment, A. kharini is not recognized as a distinct species." 190646,Garthius chaseni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Garthius,chaseni,,,,,"(Smith, 1931)", 191906,Trimeresurus hageni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,hageni,,,,,"(Lidthe de Jeude, 1886)","
" 191907,Coelognathus radiatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Coelognathus,radiatus,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","Coelognathus radiatus was described by Boie in 1827 as Coluber radiatus based on specimens collected from Java, Indonesia. Dr. Patrick Russell's work ""Indian Serpentes"" published in 1801 also has drawings of this taxa (Smith 1943). This species has been long included under the genus Elaphe (Smith 1943), but following Helfenberger (2001) and Utiger et al. (2005), the Oriental Ratsnakes have been assigned to the genus Coelognathus." 191909,Trimeresurus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,gracilis,,,,,"Oshima, 1920","Following revision of Trimeresurus by Malhotra and Thorpe (2004), the generic identity of this species remains to be clarified. David et al. (2011) exclude this species from their arrangement of Trimeresurus sensu lato, and suggest that it is likely to warrant a new genus (in their scheme, subgenus)." 191923,Trimeresurus barati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,barati,,,,,"Regenass & Kramer, 1981","The species was initially split from Trimeresurus popeiorum, however, according current taxonomic concepts this is a separate species, endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia." 191943,Trimeresurus borneensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,borneensis,,,,,"(Peters, 1872)","This species has been split from Trimeresurus puniceus, but the two species are difficult to distinguish." 191947,Trimeresurus truongsonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,truongsonensis,,,,,"Orlov, Ryabov, Thanh & H. Cuc, 2004","This species was described based on a record from Phong Nha-Ke Bang misidentified as Trimeresurus kanburensis (Orlov et al. 2004). Grismer et al. (2008) suggested that the species should be transferred to Viridovipera on the basis of morphological evidence. This change is supported by the molecular analysis of Dawson et al. (2008), who specifically investigated the phylogenetic position of this species and provided more detailed justification for transferring the species to Viridovipera. Subsequently moved back to Trimeresurus." 191978,Trimeresurus malcolmi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,malcolmi,,,,,"Loveridge, 1938","The species is separated from Trimeresurus sumatranus (Stuebing and Inger 1999). It was previously confused with T. hageni and T. kanburiensis." 192001,Trimeresurus honsonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,honsonensis,,,,,"(Grismer, Ngo & Grismer, 2008)", 192009,Trimeresurus macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,macrops,,,,,"Kramer, 1977","Malhotra et al. (2011) present a re-description of this species, which as now defined is confined to Thailand, northern Cambodia and Lao PDR. Populations from southern Cambodia and southeastern Thailand and from Viet Nam are now assigned to Trimeresurus cardamomensis and T. rubeus respectively." 192042,Trimeresurus sabahi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,sabahi,,,,,"Regenass & Kramer, 1981","This green pitviper is part of the Trimereusurus popeorum complex." 192051,Trimeresurus yunnanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,yunnanensis,,,,,"Schmidt, 1925","The distinction between Trimeresurus gumprechti and the southern Chinese T. yunnanensis is taxonomically complex, and opinions differ on the distribution of the two forms (N. Ananjeva pers. comm. August 2011). Das (2010) opines that T. yunnanensis is the correct name for the species also found in Myanmar (Chin and Kachin States), Lao PDR, and Viet Nam outside the Annamite Mountains, but this account follows Nguyen et al. (2009) in assigning these records to T. gumprechti, confining T. yunnanensis to China." 192057,Trimeresurus vogeli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,vogeli,,,,,"David, Vidal & Pauwels, 2001","This species was described in the genus Trimeresurus, then moved to Viridivipera and subsequently moved back to Trimeresurus. This species was redescribed by Malhotra et al. (2004), who clarified the distribution of this snake based on voucher specimens." 192086,Trimeresurus buniana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,buniana,,,,,"(Grismer, Grismer & McGuire, 2006)", 192090,Trimeresurus medoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,medoensis,,,,,"Zhao, 1977", 192093,Gloydius monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,monticola,,,,,"(Werner, 1922)", 192095,Trimeresurus andalasensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,andalasensis,,,,,"David, Vogel, Vijayakumar & Vidal, 2006","This a recently split species from the Trimeresurus puniceus complex (David et al. 2006)." 192100,Gloydius shedaoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Gloydius,shedaoensis,,,,,"(Zhao, 1979)","Li (1999) referred records from the Liaoning Peninsula to this species, describing them as the distinct subspecies Gloydius shedaoensis qianshanensis). Shi et al. (2016) notes that this action was subsequently neglected, with later authors regarding G. shedaoensis as being endemic to Snake Island. These authors revalidated G. s. qianshanensis, extending the range to the adjacent mainland. This action is accepted here however it is not mentioned by Wang et al. (2021), who consider the species endemic to Snake Island." 192108,Trimeresurus gumprechti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,gumprechti,,,,,"David, Vogel, Pauwels & Vidal, 2002","This species is related to Trimeresurus stejnegeri, with which it was formerly confused. The distinction between T. gumprechti and the southern Chinese T. yunnanensis is taxonomically complex, and opinions differ on the distribution of the two forms (N. Ananjeva pers. comm. August 2011). Guo et al. (2015) found that Chinese T. gumprechti they sampled were not monophyletic.

Das (2010) opins that Viridovipera yunnanensis is the correct name for the species found in Myanmar (Chin and Kachin States), Lao PDR, and Viet Nam outside the Annamite Mountains, but this account follows Nguyen et al. (2009) in assigning these records to V. [now Trimeresurus] gumprechti, confining V. yunnanensis to China." 192122,Trimeresurus puniceus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,puniceus,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","

This species was redescribed by David et al. (2006), who also clarified the original authorship and its identity as the type species of the genus Craspedocephalus, which David et al. (2011) propose as a replacement name for members of the Trimeresurus clade of Malhotra and Thorpe (2004), as they argue that Trimeresurus is instead the name applicable to the Cryptelytrops clade of these authors. In their redescription, David et al. (2006) consider records from Sumatera Berat, Natuna Island and the Mentawai Islands to represent a separate, undescribed form, Trimeresurus cf. puniceus, which is not included within this account

" 192127,Ovophis convictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Ovophis,convictus,,,,,"(Stolickza, 1870)","This species was long recognized in the genus Trimeresurus. This species has been treated as a subspecies of Ovophis monticola by numerous authors. The taxonomy of O. monticola subspecies and closely related species is highly uncertain." 192136,Trimeresurus stejnegeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,stejnegeri,,,,,"Schmidt, 1925",New genus Viridovipera erected by Malhotra and Thorpe (2004a) but the species was moved back again to Trimeresurus. 192140,Protobothrops mangshanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,mangshanensis,,,,,"(Zhao, 1990)", 192154,Trimeresurus nebularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,nebularis,,,,,"Vogel, David & Pauwels, 2004","This a species described from the highlands of Peninsular Malaysia (Vogel et al. 2004) from within the Trimeresurus popeorum complex." 192168,Calloselasma rhodostoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Calloselasma,rhodostoma,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)", 192174,Tropidolaemus wagleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Tropidolaemus,wagleri,,,,,"(Boie, 1827)","This species was long recognized in the genus Trimeresurus. In a revision by Vogel et al. (2007) the T. wagleri complex was differentiated into several species." 192179,Ovophis tonkinensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Ovophis,tonkinensis,,,,,"(Bourret, 1934)","Orlov et al. (2002) suggested that this snake should be treated as a synonym of Ovophis monticola convictus (now O. convictus - Malhotra et al. 2011). The specific status of this form has more recently been supported on the basis of both morphological and genetic evidence (Malhotra et al. 2011). This revision also extended the distribution of this species in Viet Nam as far south as the Da Lat Plateau, and reassigned records from Laos to other species.

As defined following this revision, O. tonkinensis exhibits deep genetic divergences and is likely to be a species complex (Fong et al. 2017)." 192181,Trimeresurus kanburiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,kanburiensis,,,,,"Smith, 1943","This species was long recognized in the genus Trimeresurus. It has sometimes been confused with T. venustus and T. purpureomaculatus (see David et al. 2004; Malhotra and Thorpe 2004)." 192188,Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,purpureomaculatus,,,,,"(Gray in Gray & Hardwicke, 1832)","This species was long recognized in the genus Trimeresurus. The subspecies C. p. andersoni from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been elevated to a full species (Malhotra and Thorpe 2004, Leviton et al. 2008)." 192194,Ovophis zayuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Ovophis,zayuensis,,,,,"(Jiang, 1977)","Zhao (1995) treated this former subspecies of Ovophis monticola as a valid species, and this assignment has since been supported by Malhotra et al. (2011)." 192223,Trimeresurus wiroti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,wiroti,,,,,"Trutnau, 1981","The species is a part of what was previously known as Trimeresurus borneensis complex or T. puniceus (sensu lato)." 192241,Tropidolaemus subannulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Tropidolaemus,subannulatus,,,,,"(Gray, 1842)","In a revision by Vogel et al. (2007) the Tropidolaemus wagleri species complex was differentiated into several taxa, including the resurrection of T. subannulatus. The Western Philippine populations belong to T. subannulatus, but those from Mindanao include snakes assigned to both this species and T. philippensis. Tropidolaemus subannulatus has a wide distribution in Central Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines, T. wagleri is restricted to mainland Southeast Asia, down to Sumatra and Bangka, West Indonesia. T. subannulatus will be split further in the future (G. Vogel pers. comm. September 2011)." 192243,Trimeresurus popeiorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,popeiorum,,,,,"Smith, 1937","This species belongs to the subgenus Popeia, which has been considered a full genus by  a number of authors following Malhotra and Thorpe (2004).

Mulcahy et al. (2017) summarize the taxonomic history of this species and confusion over the appropriate assignment of Popeia records from Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo and Myanmar. Mulcahy et al. (2017) elect to recognize the four described species within the ""Trimeresurus popeiorum complex"" - T. nebularis, T. phuketensis, T. sabahi and T. popeiorum - as distinct species, while recognizing that there remain taxonomic issues within T. popeiorum and T. sabahi. The authors apply the name T. popeiroum sensu stricto to the northernmost clade in their sampling, and pending further research regard southern records as ""Trimeresurus (Popeia) sp nov.""

The identity of a sampled population from southern Thailand, which these authors report as ""T. cf. phuketensis"" remains unclear." 193452,Trimeresurus toba,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,toba,,,,,"David, Petri, Vogel & Doria, 2009","The species was previously assigned to Popeia sabahi or Popeia popeiorum (David et al. 2009)." 193453,Protobothrops trungkhanhensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,trungkhanhensis,,,,,"Orlov, Ryabov & Nguyen, 2009","Liu et al. (2012) conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Protobothrops maolanensis and concluded that genetic evidence supports its recognition as a full species by Yang et al. (2011). Further work is required to resolve its relationships with the morphologically similar P. trungkhanensis, which was not included in the genetic analysis (Liu et al. 2012)." 194064,Trimeresurus cardamomensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,cardamomensis,,,,,"(Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011)","Malhotra et al. (2011) described this species based on specimens formerly assigned to Cryptelytrops macrops. The identity of a Vietnamese record from Phu Quoc of a viper in the C. macrops complex requires clarification, as this subpopulation may belong to either C. cardamomensis or C. rubeus. Although this record is not included in either this account or that for C. rubeus pending clarification, biogeographic affinities suggest this record is most likely to represent C. cardamomensis (B. Stuart and L. Grismer pers. comm. September 2011)." 194065,Trimeresurus rubeus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,rubeus,,,,,"(Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011)","This species was recently described based on southern Vietnamese records formerly attributed to Cryptelytrops macrops (Malhotra et al. 2011) [now Trimeresurus macrops]. The identity of a Vietnamese record from Phu Quoc of a viper in the T. macrops complex requires clarification, as this subpopulation may belong to either T. cardamomensis or T. rubeus. Although this record is not included in either this account or that for T. cardamomensis pending clarification, biogeographic affinities suggest this record is most likely to represent T. cardamomensis (B. Stuart and L. Grismer pers. comm. September 2011)." 196010,Ovophis makazayazaya,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Ovophis,makazayazaya,,,,,"(Takahashi, 1922)","This was formerly regarded as a subspecies of Ovophis monticola. Malhotra et al. (2011) recommended elevating it to a full species based on genetic research and morphological variation. This account follows that recommendation; however as no formal taxonomic action has been taken to elevate this taxon, its appropriate taxonomic status remains uncertain." 196555,Hypsilurus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,modestus,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)","This is a widespread species that may well represent a species complex (P. Oliver and A. Allison pers. comms. 2014)." 196556,Hypsilurus godeffroyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,godeffroyi,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","The Palauan type locality of Hypsilurus godeffroyi, previously considered to include related forms from the Solomon Islands and New Guinea now understood to be separate species, is of uncertain reliability (Bauer and Watkins-Cowell 2001). The collector Alfred Tetens did indeed visit Palau, and accurately reported the provenance of a number of species, however, H. godeffroyi is one of several species he reported from the island group that have never subsequently been rediscovered there, records considered in error by Schmeltz (1869). More recently, subfossil remains of a large agamid lizard have been identified from Palau, and the types of H. godeffroyi themselves are similar to but distinct from any species known from nearby regions (Bauer and Watkins-Cowell 2001, Crombie and Pregill 1999). This supports the contention by Crombie and Pregill (1999) that the Palauan locality is an accurate record. Bauer and Watkins-Cowell (2001) however caution that the collector's inconsistent record of providing accurate locality data combined with poor knowledge of the agamid fauna from Pacific islands west of Manus (in New Guinea's Admiralty Islands) make it difficult to establish with certainty that the types of H. godeffroyi belong to the same species as the animal known from remains in Palau.

This account provisionally retains the name H. godeffroyi for the Palauan lizard, which is not referable to any other known species of Hypsilurus and which, from the failure of extensive surveys to locate surviving populations, is considered to be an endemic, probably extinct taxon. Further taxonomic work is required to establish whether this is the correct name for the Palauan species." 196567,Aspidomorphus muelleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aspidomorphus,muelleri,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 196571,Gehyra oceanica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,oceanica,,,,,"(Lesson in Duperrey, 1830)",This species is a complex of 3-4 species (R. Fisher pers. comm.). 196580,Lepidodactylus moestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lepidodactylus,moestus,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)","This species was confused with Lepidodactylus lugubris for about 100 years, as were several other species.  Ota et al. (1995) resurrected this species from synonomy, and it is now widely recognized as the maternal ancestor for the parthenogenetic L. lugubris (Radtkey et al. 1995)." 196589,Lialis jicari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PYGOPODIDAE,Lialis,jicari,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903", 196591,Carlia mysi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,mysi,,,,,"Zug, 2004", 196598,Emoia arnoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,arnoensis,,,,,"Brown & Marshall, 1953", 196605,Emoia impar,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,impar,,,,,"(Werner, 1898)",This probably represents a species complex. 196606,Emoia jakati,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,jakati,,,,,"(Kopstein, 1926)",This is a species complex. 196608,Emoia maculata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,maculata,,,,,"Brown, 1954", 196611,Emoia tongana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,tongana,,,,,"(Werner, 1899)","This species was formerly known under the name Emoia murphyi. Based on morphological and genetic differences some populations currently assigned to E. tongana are being described as a different species (A. Hamilton pers. comm. 2012)." 196614,Emoia ponapea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,ponapea,,,,,"Kiester, 1982", 196629,Lipinia leptosoma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,leptosoma,,,,,"(Brown & Fehlmann, 1958)", 196632,Prasinohaema virens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Prasinohaema,virens,,,,,"(Peters, 1881)", 196637,Sphenomorphus jobiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,jobiensis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 196638,Sphenomorphus pratti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,pratti,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)","This species exhibits ""extraordinary"" morphological variability across its range, both geographically and altitudinally, and at a number of localities in Western Province two morphotypes coexist without evidence of intergradation (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015). Further taxonomic research is required to clarify the systematics of this likely species complex, as no genetic work has yet been conducted and no tissue is available from the type locality (G. Shea pers. comm. 2015)." 196639,Sphenomorphus scutatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,scutatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1867)", 196640,Sphenomorphus simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,simus,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1879)", 196653,Acutotyphlops solomonis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Acutotyphlops,solomonis,,,,,"(Parker, 1939)",First described by Parker (1939). 196655,Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,acuticaudus,,,,,"(Peters, 1877)", 196658,Ramphotyphlops depressus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,depressus,,,,,"Peters, 1880", 196960,Chirindia mpwapwaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Chirindia,mpwapwaensis,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1932)", 197458,Atropoides mexicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atropoides,mexicanus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 197459,Atropoides occiduus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atropoides,occiduus,,,,,"Hoge, 1966", 197466,Cerrophidion godmani,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Cerrophidion,godmani,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)","A systematic revision of this species has been warranted for some time, based on evidence that the traditional concept was not monophyletic (Jadin et al. 2012). On the basis of molecular evidence reported by these authors, Jadin et al. (2012) redescribed Cerrophidion godmani and described two new species - C. sasai (Costa Rica and Panama) and C. wilsoni (Guatemala and El Salvador) - to encompass populations south of Guatemala formerly assigned to this taxon." 197469,Clelia scytalina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Clelia,scytalina,,,,,"(Cope, 1867)","A record of this species from Mexico has been misidentified as Clelia clelia. It is unlikely that C. clelia occurs in Mexico. The distribution of this species in Costa Rica with respect to that of Clelia equatoriana is extremely confused, due to inconsistencies between species lists for this country and in descriptions of these species' colouration, morphological characters and ecology in the relevant literature, discussed in detail in Wilson et al. (2010). The expectation that C. equatoriana occurs in Costa Rica is based on the identification of a specimen from the northern highlands of the country's Cordillera Central (Zaher 1996), an unusual record for this predominantly lowland species which is not otherwise known north of Panama (Wilson et al. 2010). Due to difficulties presented by variation in and inconsistent descriptions of morphological characters for C. equatoriana, molecular work will be needed to establish whether this species in fact occurs in Costa Rica or whether highland populations are conspecific with C. scytalina (Wilson et al. 2010). Pending resolution of this issue, and following Wilson et al. (2010), Costa Rican records of C. equatoriana are considered to represent C. scytalina in these accounts." 197471,Coniophanes bipunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Coniophanes,bipunctatus,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 197478,Crotalus tzabcan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,tzabcan,,,,,"Klauber, 1952","Previously considered a subspecies of Crotalus durissus, it has recently been elevated to species status by Wüster et al. (2005)." 197480,Crotalus simus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Crotalus,simus,,,,,"Latreille, 1801","This species is paraphyletic, and resolution is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of Crotalus simus in much of its range. The species concept applied here follows Savage et al. (2005), who designated a neotype for this species and applied the name to Central American snakes formerly considered to belong to C. d. durissus." 197487,Gonatodes albogularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Gonatodes,albogularis,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1836)","The status of Gonatodes fuscus is presently unresolved (S.B. Hedges pers. comm. 2017), and it is retained here as a subspecies of G. albogularis following recent literature." 198413,Sceloporus acanthinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHRYNOSOMATIDAE,Sceloporus,acanthinus,,,,,"Bocourt, 1873","The status of this species in El Salvador is unclear. Smith et al. (2001) stated that Sceloporus acanthinus ranges into El Salvador, while Köhler et al. (2006) and Köhler (2008), following advice from E. N. Smith, included El Salvador populations in S. malachiticus. These accounts follow the latter authors in attributing Salvadorian records to S. malachitus." 198524,Trapelus flavimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,flavimaculatus,,,,,"Rüppell, 1835", 198532,Tropiocolotes nattereri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,nattereri,,,,,"Steindachner, 1901", 198538,Uromastyx ornata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,ornata,,,,,"Heyden, 1827","Uromastyx ornata and the previously recognized U. philbyi exhibit a high degree of morphological and genetic similarity (Wilms et al. 2007). These authors therefore treat U. philbyi as a subspecies of U. ornata, where it had previously provisionally been placed (e.g. Wilms and Böhme 2007), and this scheme is followed here. U. ornata itself has variously been treated as either a full species or a subspecies of U. ocellata (see Wilms and Böhme 2007 for a discussion of this lizard's taxonomic history)." 199577,Rhynchocalamus arabicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Rhynchocalamus,arabicus,,,,,"Schmidt, 1933", 199590,Pristurus minimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,minimus,,,,,"Arnold, 1977", 199592,Pristurus popovi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pristurus,popovi,,,,,"Arnold, 1982", 199594,Stenodactylus pulcher,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,pulcher,,,,,"Anderson, 1896", 199595,Stenodactylus yemenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Stenodactylus,yemenensis,,,,,"Arnold, 1980", 199597,Tropiocolotes scortecci,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,scortecci,,,,,"Cherci & Spano, 1963", 199602,Uromastyx yemenensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,yemenensis,,,,,"Wilms & Schmitz, 2007", 199605,Trachylepis tessellata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,tessellata,,,,,"(Anderson, 1895)", 199625,Candoia superciliosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,BOIDAE,Candoia,superciliosa,,,,,"(Günther, 1863)", 199766,Protobothrops maolanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Protobothrops,maolanensis,,,,,"Yang, Orlov & Wang, 2011","Liu et al. (2012) conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of this species and concluded that genetic evidence supports its recognition as a full species by Yang et al. (2011). Further work is required to resolve its relationships with the morphologically similar Protobothrops trungkhanensis, which was not included in the genetic analysis (Liu et al. 2012)." 199774,Trimeresurus sichuanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Trimeresurus,sichuanensis,,,,,"(Guo & Wang, 2011)","The first specimen of this snake to be collected was misidentified as Cryptelytrops albolabris (Zhao 2006, Guo and Wang 2011). The two species are not closely-related. and instead Sinovipera sichuanensis has been recovered as the sister taxon to Cryptelytrops + Viridovipera, prompting Guo and Wang (2011) to erect the new genus Sinovipera. The species was subsequently transferred to the genus Trimeresurus." 199815,Uromastyx shobraki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Uromastyx,shobraki,,,,,"Wilms & Schmitz, 2007","Wilms and Schmitz (2007) recognized this taxon as a form distinct from Uromastyx ocellata, within which it had previously been included, and described it as the subspecies Uromastyx yemenensis shobraki. Further study (Wilms et al. 2007) revealed that genetic differences between U. yemenensis and U. shobraki are sufficient to justify recognition of the latter as a full species." 199846,Scincus hemprichii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scincus,hemprichii,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1837", 199847,Tropiocolotes wolfgangboehmei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Tropiocolotes,wolfgangboehmei,,,,,"Wilms, Shobrak & Wagner, 2010", 201501,Daboia siamensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Daboia,siamensis,,,,,"(Smith, 1917)","This species was previously included within Daboia russelii, a species understood to have a widespread but heavily disjunct distribution within South and Southeast Asia. More recently, using both molecular and morphological data, Thorpe et al. (2007) found strong support for this division and recognized two distinct species, D. russelii (incorporating the former subspecies D. r. pulchella and D. r. nordicus as well as D. r. russelii) and D. siamensis (incorporating D. r. limitis, D. r. sublimitis and D. r. formosensis). Due to low divergence between members of each lineage, Thorpe et al. (2007) do not recognize distinct subspecies of either form." 201751,Ramphotyphlops aluensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,aluensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)","Previously a synonym of Ramphotyplops depressus." 202126,Cyrtodactylus salomonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,salomonensis,,,,,"Rösler, Richards & Günther, 2007", 202417,Rhadinella hempsteadae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Rhadinella,hempsteadae,,,,,"(Stuart & Bailey, 1941)", 203035,Celestus montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ANGUIDAE,Celestus,montanus,,,,,"(Schmidt, 1933)", 203280,Chironius flavopictus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,flavopictus,,,,,"(Werner, 1909)","Hollis (2006) elevated this taxon, previously the subspecies Chironius carinatus flavopictus, to full species status based on the identification of nine unambiguous autapomorphies that distinguish the two taxa." 203283,Dendrophidion bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,bivittatus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)",The specific name should probably be spelt as bivittatum (Cadle and Savage 2012). 203285,Dendrophidion brunneum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,brunneum,,,,,"(Günther, 1858)", 203297,Mastigodryas alternatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Mastigodryas,alternatus,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1884)","McCranie (2011) resurrected this species from synonymy with Mastigodryas melanolomus to encompass populations from Honduras to Panama, with M. melanolomus occurring from Honduras northward." 203326,Tantilla ruficeps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Tantilla,ruficeps,,,,,"(Cope, 1894)", 203501,Dipsas articulata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Dipsas,articulata,,,,,"(Cope, 1868)", 203508,Enulius roatanensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Enulius,roatanensis,,,,,"McCranie & Köhler, 1999", 203541,Leptodeira rhombifera,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Leptodeira,rhombifera,,,,,"Günther, 1872","McCranie (2011) resurrected the name Leptodeira rhombifera for northern populations previously assigned to L. annulata, based on the recognition that L. annulata is a species complex." 203592,Sibon lamari,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,lamari,,,,,"Solorzano, 2001", 203593,Sibon longifrenis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Sibon,longifrenis,,,,,"(Stejneger, 1909)", 203619,Urotheca multilineata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,multilineata,,,,,"(Peters, 1863)", 203621,Urotheca pachyura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Urotheca,pachyura,,,,,"(Cope, 1875)", 203624,Micrurus clarki,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,clarki,,,,,"Schmidt, 1936", 203627,Micrurus mipartitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Micrurus,mipartitus,,,,,"(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)", 203645,Trilepida brevissima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Trilepida,brevissima,,,,,"(Shreve, 1964)", 203652,Scaphiodontophis venustissimus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SIBYNOPHIIDAE,Scaphiodontophis,venustissimus,,,,,"(Günther, 1893)", 203656,Atropoides indomitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atropoides,indomitus,,,,,"Smith & Ferrari-Castro, 2008","This species was formerly classified as Atropoides occiduus following recommendations by Castoe et al. (2005) but was designated as a separate species following Smith and Ferrari-Castro (2008).
" 203657,Atropoides picadoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Atropoides,picadoi,,,,,"(Dunn, 1939)", 203658,Bothriechis lateralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,lateralis,,,,,"Peters, 1862", 203659,Bothriechis marchi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,marchi,,,,,"(Barbour & Loveridge, 1929)", 203662,Bothriechis thalassinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Bothriechis,thalassinus,,,,,"Campbell & Smith, 2000", 203671,Porthidium ophryomegas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,ophryomegas,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1868)", 203672,Porthidium porrasi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,porrasi,,,,,"Lamar, 2003", 203673,Porthidium volcanicum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,VIPERIDAE,Porthidium,volcanicum,,,,,"Solorzano, 1995", 203802,Trapelus agnetae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Trapelus,agnetae,,,,,"(Werner, 1929)","Trapelus agnetae was treated as a synonym of T. pallidus until Disi et al. (2001) found it to be identical to the subspecies T. p. haasi, and thus T. p. haasi should be considered a junior synonym of T. p. agnetae. Subsequent molecular research found T. p. pallidus to be synonymous with T. mutabilis, but that T. p. agnetae belonged to a separate clade (Wagner et al. 2011). These authors therefore resurrected T. agnetae as a full species." 203832,Cnemaspis africana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,africana,,,,,"(Werner, 1895)", 203840,Hemidactylus bouvieri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,bouvieri,,,,,"(Bocourt, 1870)","Arnold et al. (2008) revised the taxonomy of this species, formerly considered the only endemic species of Hemidactylus on Cape Verde and including the subspecies Hemidactylus bouvieri boavistensis (Boavista and Sal) and H. b. razoensis (Santo Luzia and Raso) in addition to populations from Fogo and São Nicolau unassigned to any subspecies. These authors re-elevated H. b. boavistensis to full species status and described the Fogo population as a new species, H. lopezjuradoi. The São Nicolau population was retained within H. bouvieri on the basis that available material is too poorly-preserved to permit morphological description, but was found to be genetically distinct from typical H. bouvieri. Arnold et al. (2008) consider that once better material becomes available this form will warrant description as a distinct taxon." 203843,Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,lopezjuradoi,,,,,"Arnold, Vasconcelos, Harris, Mateo & Carranza, 2008","This species was described by Arnold et al. (2008) based on recent Hemidactylus records from Fogo originally attributed to H. bouvieri. The identity of historical records from this island is unclear; some are thought to represent the new species (Arnold et al. 2008)." 13152363,Chioninia coctei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Chioninia,coctei,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 13264204,Amblyodipsas dimidiata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Amblyodipsas,dimidiata,,,,,"(Günther, 1888)", 13264365,Aparallactus turneri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Aparallactus,turneri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935", 13264660,Polemon leopoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ATRACTASPIDIDAE,Polemon,leopoldi,,,,,"(De Witte, 1941)", 13265429,Meizodon krameri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Meizodon,krameri,,,,,"Schätti, 1985", 13265730,Thrasops schmidti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Thrasops,schmidti,,,,,"Loveridge, 1936","Thrasops schmidti was elevated to specific status by Broadley and Wallach (2002) on morphological and biogeographical grounds, having previously been considered a subspecies of T. jacksonii." 13292329,Rhinoleptus parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Rhinoleptus,parkeri,,,,,"(Broadley, 1999)","Adalsteinsson et al. (2009) reassigned this species from Leptotyphlops to Rhinoleptus, a genus otherwise known only from the West African R. koniagui. Boundy (2013) disputes this assignment and refers the species instead to Myriopholis." 13300539,Rhamphiophis rubropunctatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSAMMOPHIIDAE,Rhamphiophis,rubropunctatus,,,,,"(Fischer, 1884)", 13484103,Nactus sphaerodactylodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,sphaerodactylodes,,,,,"Kraus, 2005", 13484111,Nactus vankampeni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,vankampeni,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1933)", 14668828,Mochlus pembanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Mochlus,pembanus,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)","Greer (1977) synonymized Riopia (at that point containing the African genus Mochlus as a synonym following Broadley 1966) within the large, predominantly Asian genus Lygosoma. This scheme was followed until Wagner et al. (2009) investigated the systematics of the African Lygosoma fernandi group using both morphological and molecular data. This study revalidated another African genus, Lepidothyris, and identified a monophyletic clade containing Mochlus afer and M. sundevalli. No other Mochlus taxa were included in this study, and the content of this revalidated genus was not discussed, however, these authors noted that all African taxa are distinct from Asian forms and confined Lygosoma and Riopa to Asia (Wagner et al. 2009, P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012). By implication, all African taxa other than Lepidothyris fernandii, L. hinkeli and L. striatus are presently considered to belong to Mochlus (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2012)." 15712630,Nactus kunan,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Nactus,kunan,,,,,"Fisher & Zug, 2012","New Guinean Nactus previously included within N. pelagicus were explicitly excluded from a revision by Zug and Moon (1995), which revised this species complex and assigned the names N. pelagicus and N. multicarinatus to forms from neighbouring regions (Zug and Moon 1995, Zug and Fisher 2012). Subsequent research uncovered greater diversity in New Guinea's Admiralty Islands than had previously been recognized, including both a form sharing characteristics with Oceanian N. pelagicus (and attributed to this taxon by Zug and Fisher 2012) and a rarer, undescribed species (Zug and Fisher 2012). These authors named the latter Nactus kunan." 16393603,Agama parafricana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,parafricana,,,,,"Trape, Mediannikov & Trape, 2011","This species was previously included within Agama agama, alongside which it occurs over part of its range (Mediannikov et al. 2012). It was recognized as a distinct species on both genetic and morphological grounds (Mediannikov et al. 2012)." 16394676,Leptosiaphos rhomboidalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Leptosiaphos,rhomboidalis,,,,,"Broadley, 1989", 17450125,Phelsuma parkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Phelsuma,parkeri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1941","This species was previously considered a subspecies of Phelsuma abbotti (e.g. Spawls et al. 2002), but has widely been treated as a full species in recent literature (see Uetz and Hallerman 2012 for examples of usage) and this assignment is supported by combined morphological and molecular analysis (Rocha et al. 2010)." 17450414,Agama caudospinosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,caudospinosa,,,,,"Meek, 1910","Spawls et al. (2002) erroneously give this species' name as Agama caudospina. A. kaimosae, at the time known only from Kaimosi, was considered a junior synonym of A. caudospinosa until revalidated by Wagner et al. (2008). The subspecies A. c. spawlsi has recently been described from a small area close to Mt. Kenya (Wagner 2010)." 17450505,Agama kaimosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,kaimosae,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935","This species was previously considered a junior synonym of Agama caudospinosa. Following the collection of new material from a site close to the type locality, Wagner et al. (2008) revalidated A. kaimosae on the basis of both morphological and genetic evidence. Except for male breeding colours it is morphologically indistinguishable from its apparent sister species, A. mwanzae, but genetic evidence and the occurrence of A. kaimosae and A. mwanzae in sympatry in Kenya's Loita Hills suggests both forms are valid species." 17450975,Agama turuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,turuensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1932","This taxon has been considered a junior synonym of Agama agama elongis since shortly after its description. Böhme et al. (2005), in distinguishing the East African A. lionotus complex from A. agama, gave turuensis as the name of a presumably valid subspecies of A. lionotus, separate from A. lionotus elongis. This arrangement was not discussed, and A. turuensis therefore remained a junior synonym of A. l. elongis until the examination of new material by Wagner et al. (2008) determined that A. turuensis represents a valid species separate from A. lionotus." 18487572,Hemidactylus barbierii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,barbierii,,,,,"Sindaco, Razzetti & Ziliani, 2007", 18519245,Hemidactylus modestus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,modestus,,,,,"(Günther, 1894)", 18519749,Hemidactylus squamulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,squamulatus,,,,,"Tornier, 1896","Hemidactylus squamulatus is a species complex whose taxonomy is currently in the process of revision (T. Mazuch and S. Spawls pers. comm. 2014). Preliminary research indicates that populations from northern Kenya and Ethiopia are genetically distinct from those from south-central Kenya and Tanzania (to which the name H. squamulatus is applicable), representing at least one cryptic species (T. Mazuch, in prep.). The description of an additional member of the complex from Ethiopia, which is both morphologically and genetically distinct from both Kenyan/Tanzanian H. squamulatus and from the north Kenya/Ethiopia clade, is currently underway (T. Mazuch, in prep.)" 18519775,Hemidactylus tanganicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Hemidactylus,tanganicus,,,,,"Loveridge, 1929",Spawls et al. (2002) express doubt whether two specimens collected from Mkomazi Game Reserve are conspecific with the type collection. Pending resolution of this issue this assessment follows these authors in provisionally including Mkomazi within this species' distribution. 20878063,Ancylocranium barkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Ancylocranium,barkeri,,,,,"Loveridge, 1946","Gans (2005) treats the two recognized subspecies, Ancylocranium b. barkeri and A. b. newalae, as full species, but provides no justification for this action. As A. b. newalae was described as a subspecies and both taxa are still known only from the type specimens, it is not clear that there is any basis for changing this taxonomic arrangement and this account therefore retains A. b. newalae as a subspecies of A. barkeri (as do, e.g., Uetz and Hallerman 2012)." 20878073,Ancylocranium ionidesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Ancylocranium,ionidesi,,,,,"Loveridge, 1955","Gans (2005) treats both Ancylocranium ionidesi ionidesi and A. i. haasi (the latter originally described as a subspecies of A. ionidesi) as full species, but provides no justification for this action and it has not been followed subsequently (e.g. Uetz and Hallerman 2012)." 21267550,Lygodactylus keniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,keniensis,,,,,"Parker, 1936","The records provided for Lygodactylus gutturalis by Lanza (1990) correspond to two of the localities provided for L. picturatus keniensis (now L. keniensis) by Loveridge (1947), and presumably represent this latter species as L. gutturalis is not considered to occur in Somalia." 21268095,Philochortus rudolfensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Philochortus,rudolfensis,,,,,"Parker, 1932","Philochortus rudolfensis, previously considered a junior synonym of P. intermedius, is now considered to be a separate species by some authors (see Spawls et al. 2002). Uetz and Hallerman (2012) caution that only five specimens of this taxon are known, and suggest retaining it within P. intermedius pending further research, however, Spawls et al. (2002) suggest that the two taxa are unlikely to be closely-related due to apparent differences in their habitat requirements. This account therefore provisionally follows Spawls et al. (2002) in treating P. rudolfensis as a separate species." 21584183,Epacrophis boulengeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epacrophis,boulengeri,,,,,"(Boettger, 1913)", 21584199,Epacrophis drewesi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Epacrophis,drewesi,,,,,"(Wallach, 1996)", 22475900,Afrotyphlops platyrhynchus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,platyrhynchus,,,,,"(Sternfeld, 1910)",Originally treated under the genus Typhlops (Broadley and Wallach 2009) and later transferred to Afrotyphlops (Hedges et al. 2014). 22476198,Afrotyphlops kaimosae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,kaimosae,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1935)", 22476234,Afrotyphlops nanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,nanus,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2009", 22476295,Afrotyphlops tanganicanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Afrotyphlops,tanganicanus,,,,,"(Laurent, 1964)", 22476596,Letheobia lumbriciformis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,lumbriciformis,,,,,"(Peters, 1874)", 22476689,Letheobia pallida,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,pallida,,,,,"Cope, 1868","This former species complex was revised by Broadley and Wallach (2007), restricting Letheobia pallida sensu stricto to Zanzibar." 22476768,Letheobia pembana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,pembana,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 22476904,Letheobia swahilica,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,swahilica,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 22476921,Letheobia uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Letheobia,uluguruensis,,,,,"(Barbour & Loveridge, 1928)", 22528817,Hypsilurus auritus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,auritus,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 22528844,Hypsilurus capreolatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,capreolatus,,,,,"Kraus & Myers, 2012", 22528875,Hypsilurus geelvinkianus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,geelvinkianus,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 22528897,Hypsilurus hikidanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,hikidanus,,,,,"Manthey & Denzer, 2006", 22528914,Hypsilurus magnus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,magnus,,,,,"Manthey & Denzer, 2006", 22529024,Hypsilurus nigrigularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,nigrigularis,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 22529155,Hypsilurus ornatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,ornatus,,,,,"Manthey & Denzer, 2006", 22529181,Hypsilurus papuensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,papuensis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 22566055,Hypsilurus schultzewestrumi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Hypsilurus,schultzewestrumi,,,,,"(Urban, 1999)", 42482637,Cyrtodactylus aaroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,aaroni,,,,,"Günther & Rösler, 2002", 42482646,Cyrtodactylus boreoclivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,boreoclivus,,,,,"Oliver, Krey, Mumpuni & Richards, 2011", 42482655,Cyrtodactylus capreoloides,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,capreoloides,,,,,"Rössler, Richards & Günther, 2007", 42482675,Cyrtodactylus epiroticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,epiroticus,,,,,"Kraus, 2008", 42482678,Cyrtodactylus klugei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,klugei,,,,,"Kraus, 2008", 42482728,Cyrtodactylus murua,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,murua,,,,,"Kraus & Allison, 2006", 42482737,Cyrtodactylus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1844)", 42482765,Cyrtodactylus robustus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,robustus,,,,,"Kraus, 2008", 42482774,Cyrtodactylus sermowaiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,sermowaiensis,,,,,"(de Rooij, 1915)", 42482787,Cyrtodactylus serratus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,serratus,,,,,"Kraus, 2007", 42482796,Cyrtodactylus tripartitus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,tripartitus,,,,,"Kraus, 2008", 42482805,Cyrtodactylus zugi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,zugi,,,,,"Oliver, Tjaturadi, Mumpuni, Krey & Richards, 2008", 42482827,Gehyra interstitialis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,interstitialis,,,,,"Oudemans, 1894",The taxonomy of the medium sized Gehyra group in New Guinea is very poorly known and the validity and distribution of all taxa is unclear (P. Oliver pers. comm. 2014). 42482838,Gehyra lampei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,lampei,,,,,"Andersson, 1913","This species is thought to be a junior synonym of. Gehyra insulensis. (R. Fisher pers. comm. 2013). The holotype has yet to be examined following the recent revalidation of. G. insulensis, and. G. lampei. is here treated as a valid species pending a formal taxonomic revision." 42482849,Gehyra leopoldi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,leopoldi,,,,,"Brongersma, 1930","This species is thought to be a junior synonym of Gehyra insulensis (R. Fisher pers. comm. 2013). The holotype has yet to be examined following the recent revalidation of G. insulensis, and G. leopoldi is here treated as a valid species pending a formal taxonomic revision." 42482871,Gehyra membranacruralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Gehyra,membranacruralis,,,,,"King & Horner, 1989", 42483103,Carlia aenigma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,aenigma,,,,,"Zug, 2004", 42483138,Carlia aramia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,aramia,,,,,"Zug, 2004", 42483197,Carlia bomberai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,bomberai,,,,,"Zug & Allison, 2006", 42483214,Carlia caesius,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,caesius,,,,,"Zug & Allison, 2006", 42483232,Lygisaurus curtus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,curtus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 42483275,Carlia eothen,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,eothen,,,,,"Zug, 2004","This species' distribution, encompassing several archipelagos off the coast of New Guinea, suggests that it may be a complex of several island-endemic cryptic species (A. Allison pers. comm. 2014)." 42483292,Carlia fusca,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,fusca,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 42483338,Carlia luctuosa,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,luctuosa,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 42483381,Lygisaurus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lygisaurus,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)","

This species is known with certainty only from the southern end of Cenderawasih Bay and the area around Timika, both in Indonesian New Guinea. Museum specimens referred to this species come from all parts of mainland New Guinea, the Aru and Kei Islands, and Halmahera, Seram, and satellite islands, but these certainly represent a complex of species, the taxonomy of which that will require access to more continuously sampled series of living material to resolve (Kraus 2007). 

" 42483404,Carlia pulla,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Carlia,pulla,,,,,"(Barbour, 1911)", 42483559,Cryptoblepharus richardsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,richardsi,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 42483601,Cryptoblepharus xenikos,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Cryptoblepharus,xenikos,,,,,"Horner, 2007", 42483966,Emoia aenea,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,aenea,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1985", 42483977,Emoia ahli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,ahli,,,,,"(Vogt, 1932)", 42483990,Emoia aurulenta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,aurulenta,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1985","

This species is known to be a complex of closely related species, currently undergoing revision (Goldberg and Kraus 2008). 

" 42484001,Emoia battersbyi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,battersbyi,,,,,"(Proctor, 1923)", 42484018,Emoia baudini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,baudini,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 42484038,Emoia bogerti,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,bogerti,,,,,"Brown, 1953", 42484053,Emoia brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,brongersmai,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484064,Emoia callisticta,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,callisticta,,,,,"(Peters & Doria, 1878)", 42484077,Emoia coggeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,coggeri,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484102,Emoia cyclops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,cyclops,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484124,Emoia guttata,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,guttata,,,,,"Brown & Allison, 1986", 42484141,Emoia irianensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,irianensis,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484158,Emoia jamur,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,jamur,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484169,Emoia klossi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,klossi,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 42484238,Emoia maxima,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,maxima,,,,,"Brown, 1953", 42484270,Emoia montana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,montana,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484294,Emoia obscura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,obscura,,,,,"(De Jong, 1927)", 42484309,Emoia pallidiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,pallidiceps,,,,,"De Vis, 1890", 42484320,Emoia paniai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,paniai,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484331,Emoia physicae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,physicae,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1839)", 42484346,Emoia physicina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,physicina,,,,,"Brown & Parker, 1985", 42484357,Emoia popei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,popei,,,,,"Brown, 1953", 42484368,Emoia pseudopallidiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,pseudopallidiceps,,,,,"Brown, 1991", 42484546,Emoia tetrataenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,tetrataenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 42484567,Emoia tropidolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,tropidolepis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 42484582,Emoia veracunda,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Emoia,veracunda,,,,,"Brown, 1953", 42484634,Eugongylus unilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Eugongylus,unilineatus,,,,,"(De Rooij, 1915)", 42484781,Ornithuroscincus albodorsalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ornithuroscincus,albodorsalis,,,,,"(Vogt, 1932)", 42484821,Lipinia longiceps,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,longiceps,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1895)", 42484852,Ornithuroscincus nototaenia,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Ornithuroscincus,nototaenia,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 42484881,Palaia pulchra,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Palaia,pulchra,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 42484920,Lipinia septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,septentrionalis,,,,,"Günther, 2000", 42484939,Lipinia venemai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lipinia,venemai,,,,,"Brongersma, 1953", 42484973,Alpinoscincus alpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Alpinoscincus,alpinus,,,,,"(Greer, Allison & Cogger, 2005)", 42484982,Lobulia brongersmai,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lobulia,brongersmai,,,,,"(Zweifel, 1972)", 42484997,Lobulia elegans,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Lobulia,elegans,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 42485021,Alpinoscincus subalpinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Alpinoscincus,subalpinus,,,,,"(Greer, Allison & Cogger, 2005)", 42485051,Papuascincus morokanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Papuascincus,morokanus,,,,,"(Parker, 1936)", 42485062,Papuascincus phaeodes,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Papuascincus,phaeodes,,,,,"(Vogt, 1932)", 42485077,Papuascincus stanleyanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Papuascincus,stanleyanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 42485132,Tribolonotus gracilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,gracilis,,,,,"De Rooij, 1909","This species might well be a junior synonym of Tribolonotus novaeguineae. Zweifel (1966) found no clearly-defined differences between the two taxa, which were distinguished based mainly on subjective characters and a difference in colouration that cannot be determined from preserved species. This author cautioned against synonymizing the two taxa as he had not examined the type specimens of either species. No more recent treatment has investigated this issue, and as such the distributions of the two taxa relative to one another are uncertain. Records of the two forms in sympatry are likely to represent  differences in identification by different collectors rather than the genuine co-occurrence of two taxa (G. Shea pers. comm. 2014)" 42485141,Tribolonotus novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Tribolonotus,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1834)","Tribolonotus gracilis might well be a junior synonym of Tribolonotus novaeguineae. Zweifel (1966) found no clearly-defined differences between the two taxa, which were distinguished based mainly on subjective characters and a difference in colouration that cannot be determined from preserved species. This author cautioned against synonymizing the two taxa as he had not examined the type specimens of either species. No more recent treatment has investigated this issue, and as such the distributions of the two taxa relative to one another are uncertain. Records of the two forms in sympatry are likely to represent  differences in identification by different collectors rather than the genuine co-occurrence of two taxa (G. Shea pers. comm. 2014)" 42485158,Sphenomorphus annectens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,annectens,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 42485185,Sphenomorphus aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,aruensis,,,,,"(Doria, 1874)", 42485198,Sphenomorphus brunneus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,brunneus,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1974", 42485216,Sphenomorphus darlingtoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,darlingtoni,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1945)", 42485229,Sphenomorphus derooyae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,derooyae,,,,,"(De Jong, 1927)","

This species, which is apparently present over most of New Guinea (also in the central mountain ranges), in the Bismarck Archipelago and in the Admiralty Islands, is possibly a group of closely related species; names available for different populations include cranei, derooyae, maindroni, and wolfi. The Bismarck and Admiralty Island populations, which differ from those on the mainland, have often been named Sphenomorphus maindroni. However, the type locality of S. maindroni is Haar (or Haas) on the New Guinea mainland in Indonesian New Guinea (Boulenger 1887). Dr. A. Greer considers that the holotype of S. maindroni is the only positively known specimen of this taxon, and the name is therefore not available for island populations. Pending a more detailed study of populations presently contained within S. derooyae, all specimens assigned to this taxon are here considered to belong to S.  derooyae.

" 42485253,Sphenomorphus fragilis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,fragilis,,,,,"(Macleay, 1877)", 42485266,Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,fuscolineatus,,,,,"Greer & Shea, 2004", 42485288,Sphenomorphus latifasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,latifasciatus,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 42485301,Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,leptofasciatus,,,,,"Greer & Parker, 1974", 42485310,Sphenomorphus longicaudatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,longicaudatus,,,,,"(De Rooij, 1915)", 42485323,Sphenomorphus loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,loriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1897)", 42485334,Sphenomorphus louisiadensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,louisiadensis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1903)", 42485347,Sphenomorphus maindroni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,maindroni,,,,,"(Sauvage, 1878)", 42485360,Sphenomorphus meyeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,meyeri,,,,,"(Doria, 1874)", 42485533,Sphenomorphus mimikanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,mimikanus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 42485546,Sphenomorphus minutus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,minutus,,,,,"(Meyer, 1874)", 42485572,Sphenomorphus neuhaussi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,neuhaussi,,,,,"Vogt, 1911", 42485582,Sphenomorphus nigriventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,nigriventris,,,,,"(De Rooij, 1915)", 42485621,Sphenomorphus rufus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,rufus,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1887)", 42485630,Sphenomorphus schultzei,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,schultzei,,,,,"(Vogt, 1911)", 42485664,Sphenomorphus wollastoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Sphenomorphus,wollastoni,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 42492523,Tropidonophis aenigmaticus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,aenigmaticus,,,,,"Malnate & Underwood, 1988", 42492539,Tropidonophis dolasii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,dolasii,,,,,"Krauss & Allison, 2004", 42492577,Tropidonophis mcdowelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,mcdowelli,,,,,"Malnate & Underwood, 1988", 42492588,Tropidonophis montanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,montanus,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1911)", 42492603,Tropidonophis multiscutellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,multiscutellatus,,,,,"(Brongersma, 1948)", 42492618,Tropidonophis novaeguineae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,novaeguineae,,,,,"(Lidth de Jeude, 1911)", 42492639,Tropidonophis picturatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Tropidonophis,picturatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1837)", 42492681,Cylindrophis aruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CYLINDROPHIIDAE,Cylindrophis,aruensis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1920", 42492778,Acanthophis laevis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Acanthophis,laevis,,,,,"Macleay, 1877", 42492821,Aspidomorphus lineaticollis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aspidomorphus,lineaticollis,,,,,"(Werner, 1903)", 42492842,Aspidomorphus schlegelii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Aspidomorphus,schlegelii,,,,,"(Günther, 1872)", 42493877,Toxicocalamus grandis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,grandis,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1914)", 42493924,Toxicocalamus loriae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,loriae,,,,,"(Boulenger, 1898)", 42493939,Toxicocalamus mintoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,mintoni,,,,,"Kraus, 2010", 42493948,Toxicocalamus pachysomus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,pachysomus,,,,,"Kraus, 2010", 42493972,Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,ELAPIDAE,Toxicocalamus,spilolepidotus,,,,,"McDowell, 1969", 42494352,Anilios erycinus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Anilios,erycinus,,,,,"(Werner, 1901)","This species was originally assessed under the genus Ramphotyplops, but is now treated under Anilios (Hedges et al. 2014)." 42494398,Ramphotyphlops flaviventer,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,flaviventer,,,,,"(Peters, 1865)", 42494601,Ramphotyphlops multilineatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Ramphotyphlops,multilineatus,,,,,"(Schlegel, 1839)", 42495453,Gerrhopilus fredparkeri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,fredparkeri,,,,,"(Wallach, 1996)", 42495474,Gerrhopilus hades,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOPILIDAE,Gerrhopilus,hades,,,,,"(Kraus, 2005)", 42646479,Cyrtodactylus minor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,minor,,,,,"Oliver & Richards, 2012", 42760124,Kinyongia gyrolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,CHAMAELEONIDAE,Kinyongia,gyrolepis,,,,,"Greenbaum, Tolley, Joma & Kusamba, 2012","Kinyongia gyrolepis is the sister species to Kinyongia adolfifriderici and superficially looks very similar (Greenbaum et al. 2012). Its name, however, is a reference to the enlarged circular scales that are found on its flanks, a trait not seen in Kinyongia adolfifriderici." 44578204,Anadia mcdiarmidi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Anadia,mcdiarmidi,,,,,"Kok & Rivas, 2011", 44578647,Neusticurus medemi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Neusticurus,medemi,,,,,"Dixon & Lamar, 1981", 44579445,Lepidoblepharis williamsi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Lepidoblepharis,williamsi,,,,,"Ayala & Serna, 1986", 44579500,Pseudogonatodes lunulatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Pseudogonatodes,lunulatus,,,,,"(Roux, 1927)", 44579622,Cnemidophorus arenivagus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,arenivagus,,,,,"Markezich, Cole & Dessauer, 1997", 44647933,Loveridgea phylofiniens,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Loveridgea,phylofiniens,,,,,"(Tornier, 1899)", 44648018,Cnemaspis elgonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cnemaspis,elgonensis,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935",Phylogeographic studies are recommended to clarify whether the isolated western record from the Ruwenzori Mountains is conspecific with Cnemaspis elgonensis (P. Wagner pers. comm. 2014). 44648243,Lygodactylus viscatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,viscatus,,,,,"(Vaillant, 1873)","Pasteur (1995) found that Lygodactylus viscatus, described in the 19th century, is conspecific with L. howelli, and that the former is therefore the name with priority. This name has been accepted subsequently (Spawls et al. 2002, Röll et al. 2010). L. viscatus is a fossil species described from a copal deposit (Spawls et al. 2002), and the name L. howelli remains in use by some authorities (Uetz and Hallerman 2012)." 44648257,Lygodactylus inexpectatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,inexpectatus,,,,,"Pasteur, 1965", 44648430,Lygodactylus manni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,manni,,,,,"Loveridge, 1928","The taxonomic status of Lygodactylus picturatus ukerewensis is unclear. Uetz and Hallerman (2012) follow Broadley and Howell (1991) in treating this taxon as a junior synonym of L. manni, however, neither source justifies this assignment (which is apparently not followed by Spawls and Rotich 1997). Spawls et al. (2002) note that ""it is not clear"" whether this taxon is a synonym or whether it warrants recognition as a full species, while provisionally retaining it within their treatment of L. manni. Neither L. manni nor L. p. ukerewensis is included in the recent analysis of Lygodactylus species by Röll et al. (2010), and so this situation remains in need of resolution." 44648448,Lygodactylus mombasicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,mombasicus,,,,,"Loveridge, 1935","This taxon is not included by name in Spawls et al. (2002); on the basis of the range description and identifying characters provided by these authors, they follow the proposal by Pasteur (1965) that the name Lygodactylus picturatus applies to a black-and-white-headed form here treated under the name L. mombasicus following Röll (2000), who found no support for this assignment and considered that it disrupted the nomenclatural stability of the group, and based on molecular evidence, which suggests the taxon is more closely-related to L. kimhowelli and L. keniensis than to L. picturatus (Röll et al. 2010). Historical usage is inconsistent regarding the treatment of L. mombasicus as a species, a subspecies, or a synonym, as well as in the assignment of the names L. picturatus and L. luteopicturatus (see discussion in Röll 2000). No ""definite solution"" to the taxonomic concept or distribution of L. mombasicus yet exists, and work is underway to resolve this situation (B. Röll, pers. comm. 2013)." 44648458,Lygodactylus scheffleri,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,scheffleri,,,,,"Sternfeld, 1912","Lygodactylus laterimaculatus has historically been treated as a subspecies of Lygodactylus schlefferi, and this arrangement is still followed by Uetz and Hallerman (2012). Recent literature on East African reptiles (Spawls et al. 2002) and Lygodactylus (Röll et al. 2010), however, treats it as a full species, although the basis for this is unclear. Röll et al. (2010) included L. laterimaculatus in genetic analysis and found it to be monophyletic within the L. schlefferi species group, but as these authors did not include L. schlefferi itself in their analysis the appropriate taxonomic status of L. laterimaculatus remains uncertain. L. uluguruensis, previously considered a junior synonym of L. schlefferi, is also now considered a valid species (Spawls et al. 2002)." 44928730,Agama dodomae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AGAMIDAE,Agama,dodomae,,,,,"Loveridge, 1923","This is a member of the former Agama agama species complex, and is still treated within accounts for Aagama agama in some recent field guides (Spawls et al. 2002, Largen and Spawls 2010 - part). Böhme et al. (2005) distinguished the A. lionotus group, encompassing East African members of the former A. agama complex, from the A. agama group. A. l. dodomae has subsequently been elevated to full species status, including the subspecies A. d. ufipae (P. Wagner unpubl. thesis, Wagner et al. in review)." 44928818,Lygodactylus laterimaculatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,laterimaculatus,,,,,"Pasteur, 1964","This species has historically been treated as a subspecies of Lygodactylus schlefferi, and this arrangement is still followed by Uetz and Hallerman (2012). Recent literature on East African reptiles (Spawls et al. 2002) and Lygodactylus (Röll et al. 2010), however, treats it as a full species, although the basis for this is unclear. Röll et al. (2010) included this species in genetic analysis and found it to be monophyletic within the L. schlefferi species group, but as these authors did not include L. schlefferi itself in their analysis the appropriate taxonomic status of L. laterimaculatus remains uncertain." 44928863,Lygodactylus uluguruensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Lygodactylus,uluguruensis,,,,,"Pasteur, 1964","Spawls et al. (2002) assert that this species has been elevated from the synonymy of Lygodactylus schlefferi, however, the basis for this is not clear. This scheme has, however, been followed subsequently (Röll et al. 2010) and is accepted here pending re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of this species." 44929503,Tetradactylus udzungwensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GERRHOSAURIDAE,Tetradactylus,udzungwensis,,,,,"Salvidio, Menegon, Sindaco & Moyer, 2004", 44929760,Ichnotropis tanganicana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Ichnotropis,tanganicana,,,,,"Boulenger, 1917", 44930169,Natriciteres pembana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,NATRICIDAE,Natriciteres,pembana,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1935)", 44979280,Scolecoseps litipoensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Scolecoseps,litipoensis,,,,,"Broadley, 1995", 44979450,Trachylepis dichroma,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,dichroma,,,,,"Günther, Whiting & Bauer, 2005","Some or all Tanzanian populations presently referred to the similar Trachylepis brevicollis may instead represent this species (Günther et al. 2005), and this is also suggested by the proximity of two localities to Klein's Camp, where T. dichroma is known to occur (Branch et al. 2007). Research is needed to confirm this." 44979462,Trachylepis irregularis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,irregularis,,,,,"(Lönnberg, 1922)", 44979483,Trachylepis loluiensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Trachylepis,loluiensis,,,,,"Kingdon & Spawls, 2010", 44979569,Typhlacontias kataviensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SCINCIDAE,Typhlacontias,kataviensis,,,,,"Broadley, 2006", 44979651,Buhoma procterae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PSEUDOXYRHOPHIIDAE,Buhoma,procterae,,,,,"(Loveridge, 1922)", 44979700,Lycophidion pembanum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LAMPROPHIIDAE,Lycophidion,pembanum,,,,,"Laurent, 1968","Broadley (1996) revised southern African Lycophidion and elevated L. pembanum, previously considered a subspecies of L. capense, to specific status. This revision was based on museum material, as no recent records of this taxon exist. The collection of new specimens and their inclusion of genetic analysis may therefore be required to verify this assignment (P. Malonza pers. comm. 2014)." 44979760,Leptotyphlops howelli,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,howelli,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 44979800,Leptotyphlops keniensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,keniensis,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 44979811,Leptotyphlops macrops,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,macrops,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 1996", 44979823,Leptotyphlops mbanjensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,mbanjensis,,,,,"Broadley & Wallach, 2007", 44979860,Leptotyphlops pembae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE,Leptotyphlops,pembae,,,,,"Loveridge, 1941", 47024117,Elaphe zoigeensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Elaphe,zoigeensis,,,,,"Huang, Ding, Burbrink, Yang, Huang, Ling, Chen & Zhang, 2012", 48280420,Euspondylus simonsii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GYMNOPHTHALMIDAE,Euspondylus,simonsii,,,,,"Boulenger, 1901", 48328975,Dendrophidion prolixum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Dendrophidion,prolixum,,,,,"Cadle, 2012","Southern records of this species are based on juveniles with characteristics similar to both Dendrophidion prolixum or D. graciliverpa (Cadle 2012), and their specific status is therefore in need of clarification." 48443458,Phyllodactylus barringtonensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,barringtonensis,,,,,"Van Denburgh, 1912", 48443510,Phyllodactylus baurii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,baurii,,,,,"Garman, 1892", 48443561,Phyllodactylus darwini,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,PHYLLODACTYLIDAE,Phyllodactylus,darwini,,,,,"Taylor, 1942", 48444219,Microlophus heterolepis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,heterolepis,,,,,"(Wiegmann, 1834)", 48444254,Microlophus koepckeorum,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,koepckeorum,,,,,"(Mertens, 1956)", 48444538,Microlophus bivittatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Microlophus,bivittatus,,,,,"(Peters, 1871)", 48616516,Stenocercus apurimacus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,apurimacus,,,,,"Fritts, 1972", 48616777,Stenocercus eunetopsis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TROPIDURIDAE,Stenocercus,eunetopsis,,,,,"Cadle, 1991", 48617452,Atractus vertebralis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,vertebralis,,,,,"Boulenger, 1904", 48617848,Tachymenis peruviana,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Tachymenis,peruviana,,,,,"Wiegmann, 1835", 48832593,Atractus erythromelas,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Atractus,erythromelas,,,,,"Boulenger, 1903","Doubts have been expressed regarding the validity of Atractus meridensis, which differs from it morphologically only in the number of scale rows (15 vs. 17) (W. Schargel pers. comm. 2018). Although both forms have been recorded in sympatry in the Chama River Valley, it is possible that this represents variation within a single population. As presently understood A. meridensis is known from both sides of the Mérida Mountain range. It is possible that the specimens from the Mérida city area both represent A. erythromelas and are specifically distinct from the record from the Santo Domingo type locality, in which case A. meridensis would represent a valid species restricted to the northern versant of the range (W. Schargel pers. comm. 2018). As only one specimen is known from the type locality, the true status of A. meridensis is difficult to determine (W. Schargel pers. comm. 2018)." 49845483,Thamnodynastes dixoni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,dixoni,,,,,"Bailey & Thomas, 2007","This species is one of a number of taxa previously included within the ill-defined ""Thamnodynastes strigilis"" species complex (Bailey and Thomas 2007)" 49845492,Thamnodynastes paraguanae,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,DIPSADIDAE,Thamnodynastes,paraguanae,,,,,"Bailey & Thomas, 2007","Records now attributed to this species include historical specimens previously identified as Thamnodynastes nattereri (Maracaibo) and the ill-defined ""T. strigilis"" complex (Rio Hacha in the Guajira Peninsula) (Bailey and Thomas 2007). A Colombian record that Campbell and Lamar (2004) suggested may be referrable to T. gambotensis was found to represent T. paraguanae by Bailey and Thomas (2007)." 50012150,Cnemidophorus senectus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Cnemidophorus,senectus,,,,,"Ugueto, Harvey & Rivas, 2010", 51090287,Enyalioides binzayedi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,HOPLOCERCIDAE,Enyalioides,binzayedi,,,,,"Venegas, Torres-Carvajal, Duran & de Queiroz, 2013", 51178956,Ameiva concolor,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TEIIDAE,Ameiva,concolor,,,,,"Ruthven, 1924", 54586625,Cyrtodactylus arcanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,arcanus,,,,,"Oliver, Richards & Sistrom, 2012", 56051982,Liolaemus chehuachekenk,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,chehuachekenk,,,,,"Avila, Morando & Sites, 2008", 56077298,Liolaemus monticola,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,monticola,,,,,"Müller & Hellmich, 1932", 56152389,Liolaemus septentrionalis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,septentrionalis,,,,,"Pincheira-Donoso & Núñez, 2005", 56248833,Phymaturus desuetus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,desuetus,,,,,"Scolaro & Tappari, 2009","This species was described based on one specimen from a region with a relatively high number of described Phymaturus species. Current data are insufficient to verify species boundaries within this group to clarify whether all of these taxa are genuine, or whether they instead represent a single one geographically structured species with extensive polymorphisms." 56250496,Phymaturus patagonicus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Phymaturus,patagonicus,,,,,"Koslowsky, 1898", 57287221,Shinisaurus crocodilurus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SHINISAURIDAE,Shinisaurus,crocodilurus,,,,,"Ahl, 1930","The status of Shinisauridae, erected by Ahl (1930), as a distinct, monotypic family was supported by Macey et al. (1999). Ziegler et al. (2008) determined that morphological and mitochondrial genetic differentiation among extant subpopulations was insufficient to justify the recognition of Chinese and Vietnamese subpopulations as separate taxa or subspecies, despite an apparent geographical separation of at least 500 km." 60754279,Adolfus masavaensis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Adolfus,masavaensis,,,,,"Wagner, Greenbaum & Branch, 2014","Wagner et al. (2014) investigated the taxonomy of Adolfus alleni, then understood to consist of four isolated, high montane subpopulations in western Kenya. Using a combination of morphological, genetic and meristic data, these authors found support for the presence of two species within A. alleni. Wagner et al. (2014) described the more widespread taxon as A. masavaensis, confining A. alleni to Mt. Kenya." 63487978,Amphisbaena camura,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,AMPHISBAENIDAE,Amphisbaena,camura,,,,,"Cope, 1862", 63488777,Chironius maculoventris,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Chironius,maculoventris,,,,,"Dixon, Wiest & Cei, 1993","Chironius maculoventris was recognized as a full species by Hollis (2006), but is still considered a subspecies of C. quadricarinatus by some authors (Motte et al. 2009, Uetz and Hallerman 2014), a species that is distributed in central, northwestern, and southwestern Brazil (Pinto et al. 2008, Pinto et al. 2010)." 64304417,Cyrtodactylus medioclivus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,medioclivus,,,,,"Oliver, Richards & Sistrom, 2012", 67662806,Lampropeltis micropholis,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,COLUBRIDAE,Lampropeltis,micropholis,,,,,"Cope, 1860", 68049616,Liolaemus yatel,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LIOLAEMIDAE,Liolaemus,yatel,,,,,"Abdala, Procopio, Stellatelli, Travaini, Rodríguez & Monachesi, 2014", 75605877,Sphaerodactylus sabanus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,SPHAERODACTYLIDAE,Sphaerodactylus,sabanus,,,,,"Cochran, 1938", 75607351,Antillotyphlops naugus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,naugus,,,,,"(Thomas, 1966)", 75607409,Typhlops pusillus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,pusillus,,,,,"Barbour, 1914", 75607416,Antillotyphlops richardii,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Antillotyphlops,richardii,,,,,"(Duméril & Bibron, 1844)", 75607428,Typhlops rostellatus,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,rostellatus,,,,,"Stejneger, 1904", 75607441,Typhlops schwartzi,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,TYPHLOPIDAE,Typhlops,schwartzi,,,,,"Thomas, 1989", 104695594,Cyrtodactylus oldhami,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,GEKKONIDAE,Cyrtodactylus,oldhami,,,,,"(Theobald, 1878)", 196001,Dinarolacerta montenegrina,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,SQUAMATA,LACERTIDAE,Dinarolacerta,montenegrina,,,,,"Ljubisavljević, Arribas, Džukić & Carranza, 2007","This species represents an isolated population originally assigned to the Mosor Rock Lizard, Lacerta (now Dinarolacerta) mosorensis (Ljubisavljević et al. 2007). The specific identity of a recently-discovered Albanian population of  “D. mosorensis” not included in genetic analysis is unclear, but may represent this species (Ljubisavljević et al. 2007)." 158683,Leucorrhinia dubia,ANIMALIA,ARTHROPODA,INSECTA,ODONATA,LIBELLULIDAE,Leucorrhinia,dubia,,,,,"(Vander Linden, 1825)","The Asian subpopulations east of northern Urals in the north and east of western Siberia in the south refer to subspecies Leucorrhinia dubia orientalis, which is sometimes considered as a good species (e.g. World Odonata List; Paulson et al. 2022). We consider it here as a subspecies and it will be included in the assessment as they are hardly different." 21652,Testudo kleinmanni,ANIMALIA,CHORDATA,REPTILIA,TESTUDINES,TESTUDINIDAE,Testudo,kleinmanni,,,,,"Lortet, 1883","Synonym = Testudo leithii Günther, 1869 (non Testudo leithii Carter, 1852)). The species was classified into the subgenus Pseudotestudo by Loveridge and Williams (1957). This subgeneric name is nonapplicable for T. kleinmanni because the taxon was based on juvenile characters not retained into adulthood (Bour 1989)."